,,! ,alumni ,j\rnal ,illu/ration ,ent]$ at ! ,new ,york ,po/ ,(fice z second class matt]4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,no4 #b4 ,febru>y1 #ahie4 ,cont5ts4 8,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,progress ,,( ,,photography10 #bi ,by ,pr(4 ,,ar?ur ,h4 ,,elliott1 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,,editorial--,,! ,,ability ,,( ,,con/ruction1 #da ,,new ,,lit]ature1 #dc ,,! ,,mo/ ,,rec5t ,,"w1 #dg ,,notes ,,"h ,,& ,,!re1 #dh ,,alumni ,,association1 #dh ,,college ,,notes1 #di ,,s5ior ,,class ,,notes1 #ej ,,junior ,,notes1 #ea ,,m$ic9e ,,& ,,ph>macy1 #eb ,by ,n4 ,h4 ,,m>t91 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,r4,m4,s4 ,,(fic9al ,,or ,,(ficial1 #ee ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,alumni ,,association ,,( ,,! ,,college ,,( ,,ph>macy ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york ,! ,connect+ ,l9k ,illu/ration betwe5 ! crisis & ! complete recov]y f an acute disease1 t p]iod kn[n z convalesc5ce1 c (t5 be consid]ably %ort5$ by a judici\s att5tion to ! pati5t's nutrition4 ,! battle has inde$ be5 won1 b ! soldi] is left pro/rate ^u ! field4 ,liquid ,peptonoids provides a valuable auxili>y = 8 up build+ because x is a liquid food-ag5t possess+ a p[]ful recon/ructive action :ile at ! same "t x is slightly /imulat+ 9 its prim>y effects4 ,x is entirely pre-dige/$ & 9 an absolutely aseptic condition4 ,9 convalesc5ce1 ,doctor1 give y\r pati5t ,,liquid ,,peptonoids 8,t s he might recov] :at 0 lo/40 7,h5ry ,,vi47 ,,! ,,arl+ton ,,*emical ,,co41 ,yonk]s1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,! ,alumni ,j\rnal ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,alumni ,,association ,,( ,,! ,,college ,,( ,,ph>macy ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,new ,york1 ,febru>y1 #ahie4 ,no4 #b4 8,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,progress ,,( ,,photography40 ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,ar?ur ,h4 ,,elliott1 ,,ph4,d41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,! topic ( my lecture ?is ev5+ is "o ( my old hobbies1 s t if ,i am a little prolix sometimes y mu/ p>don me4 ,x is some?+ 9 :i* ,i h be5 m or less int]e/$ = ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 &1 l mo/ ( our hobbies1 we sometimes drive !m to dea?1 to ! discom=t ( o!r p4 ,! fundam5tal ideas ^u :i* photography is bas$ are v old--old] ?an ! ,*ri/ian era1 c]ta9ly4 ,!y dep5d ^u two facts3 ,fir/--t light1 9 pass+ ?r\gh a small op5+1 produces an inv]t$ image 9 a d>k *amb]4 ,imag9e1 = in/ance1 t y are 9 a d>k *amb]1 outside ( :i* is an object2 t !re is 9 ! *amb] a small hole a sixte5? or an eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & t y h 9 ?is d>k *amb] a piece ( pap]4 ,^u t pap] y w get a picture ( ! object opposite ! hole4 ,t 0 kn[n a long "t ago4 ,! o!r fact is t c]ta9 salts ( silv]1 notably ! *loride1 iodide & bromide ( silv]1 are s5sitive to light & become black5$ by light1 0 kn[n to ! ,egyptians4 ,! action ( light ^u color$ bodies mu/ h be5 kn[n to ! v e>lie/ obs]v]s among m54 ,! bronz+ ( ! human sk9 "u ! tropical sun mu/ h be5 not$ by e "o2 & x is on record1 9 ! mo/ anci5t annals ( ! human race1 t m5--! fair m5 f ! ,nor?--:5 !y w5t to ! tropics1 return$ ) tann$ sk9s4 ,ptolemy1 ov] two ?\s& ye>s ago1 not$ t beeswax 0 blea*$ 9 sunlight1 & ! old ,greeks not$ t ! gems :i* we call opal & ame?y/ lo/ _! colors :5 expos$ to sun%9e4 ,^! are "s ( ! fir/ & mo/ rudim5t>y notions ^u ! actions ( light1 & we h no def9ite /atem5ts ab\t mak+ pictures )\t light4 ,! ,*9ese h a tradition--& !y h a great _m curi\s ones t are (t5 f\nd$ on facts--t ! sun makes pictures ^u ! ice ( lakes & riv]s4 ,a ,fr5*man1 nam$ ,fontam51 wrote an imag9>y voyage to a /range c\ntry1 & among o!r ?+s he said t objects 7 reflect$ ^u ! wat] & :5 ! wat] 0 froz5 ! images 7 reta9$4 ,s ?is idea ( c]ta9 surfaces be+ capable ( receiv+ impressions by means ( light 0 v anci5t4 ,!re 0 ano!r ,fr5*man1 nam$ ,devique ,del>o*e1 :o made a /ill m curi\s /atem5t4 ,9 #agfj he wrote a book 9 :i* 8 h]o is wreck$ ^u a /range coa/1 & ! spirits ( t place %[$ him h[ to make pictures1 z he call$ x1 8pa9t$ by nature40 ,x is n q sure :at he means1 b 8 words are some?+ l ^!3 8,y "k10 says 8 guide1 8t rays ( light are reflect$ f diff]5t bodies & =m pictures4 ,! spirits h s\ght to fix ^! pictures1 & h a subtle matt] by :i* ^! pictures are =m$ 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye4 ,!y coat canvas ) ?is peculi> matt]1 & hold x be=e ! object40 ,! mann] ( hold+ x is n /at$4 8,! canvas is !n remov$ to a d>k place & 9 an h\r ! impression is dry & y h a picture1 ! m preci\s 9 t no art c imitate its tru?fulness40 ,^! words 7 writt5 "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago4 ,?is1 z f> z we "k1 0 purely imag9ation2 yet ! idea--! g]m ( photography--0 !re4 ,we %all pres5tly see t ?is flight ( fancy on ! "p ( ,del>o*e 0 v ne> ! tru?1 & =etold :at has s9ce become possible1 & only a v %ort "t aft] he said x4 ,z "t w5t on & obs]vations ( m5 became m def9ite1 we obta9 records ( facts t 7 not$ ) reg>d to ! action ( light ^u c]ta9 *emical comp\nds4 ,y "k ^? old al*emi/s _h que] ideas1 "o 9 reg>d to _! elixir ( life1 & ano!r t !y c\ld turn ! bas] metals into gold4 ,!y discov]$ a mat]ial 9 ! silv] m9es ( ! ,h>tz ,m\nta9s :i* !y call$ 8luna cornea40 ,! ^w luna 0 at t "t appli$ to silv]4 ,luna cornea 0 horn silv]--:at we "k to-day z silv] *loride4 ,!y not$ t :5 ?is 0 fir/ br\ght f ! m9e x 0 :ite & t aft] x _h be5 expos$ to ! air & ! sunlight x turn$ black1 & !y also notic$ t x 0 only ! surface t turn$ black--t if !y scrap$ ! surface (f x 0 :ite und]nea?4 ,!y also f\nd t if !y kept x 9 ! m9e x did n get black4 ,?is obs]vation 0 made ab\t #aeej by ,frobri%es1 "o ( ! e>ly work]s 9 *emi/ry2 b y mu/ rememb] t !y 7 n /udy+ ! action ( light ^u ?is sub/ance4 ,_! sole object 0 ! turn+ ( ! bas] metals into gold1 & !re=e !y did n pay mu* att5tion to ?is idea1 al?\gh ?is fact 0 plac$ on record4 ,"s "t aft] ?is we le>n t a ,g]man nam$ ,s*ultze made copies ( draw+s ) a mixture ( *alk & silv] nitrate spread on a level surface4 ,! "t ( ?is is d\btful1 b x 0 probably ab\t ! ye> #agjj4 ,he pass$ ! light1 z he says1 ?r\gh transluc5t pap] 7made transluc5t ) oil or wax71 & objects plac$ ^u ! pap] left a :ite impression on ! mixture ( *alk & silv] nitrate--or1 z he call$ x1 8lun> cau/ic40 ,?is 0 9 ab\t #agjj1 z ,i said4 ,ab\t fifty ye>s aft] ?is "t 7& inde$ x 0 a little m1 x 0 sev5ty ye>s1 9 #aggg7 ,s*eele1 ! ,sw$i% apo!c>y's assi/ant1 took up ! exam9ation ( ?is horn silv]4 ,x seem$ to him well wor?y ( /udy2 & z ! result ( 8 "w he obta9$ ! fir/ g]ms t l$ to ! art ( photography4 ,b be=e ,s*eele c\ld h prosecut$ 8 rese>*es1 & be=e photography c\ld make any important advances1 !re 7 two o!r discov]ies 9 sci5ce--& 9 optics p>ticul>ly--t _h to be made4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! decomposition ( :ite light1 by ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 by :i* he obta9$ ! prismatic colors2 t is to say1 ! colors t we "k z violet1 indigo1 blue1 gre51 & s on d[n to ! r$4 ,t 0 ! fir/ /ep4 ,! next /ep 0 ! discov]y by ,bapti/e ,port]1 an ,italian1 9 ,naples1 :i* prec$$ ! discov]y ( ,newton 7x 0 ab\t #aeij71 t a small op5+ 9 a d>k *amb] produc$ an inv]t$ image on ! wall ( ! *amb]4 ,s t betwe5 #aeij & #afff ,bapti/e ,port] & ,sir ,isaac ,newton pav$ ! way = ! rese>*es ( ,s*eele ^u ! action ( light ^u ?is simple sub/ance1 z !y call$ x1 8luna cornea0 or *loride ( silv]4 ,n[ ,s*eele1 !re=e1 at 8 "t1 #aggg1 knew ( ! discov]y ( ! prismatic colors1 or ! decomposition ( :ite light by ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 & he made ! exp]im5t ( submitt+ ?is horn silv] or silv] *loride to ! action ( light aft] ! light _h be5 pass$ ?r\gh a prism & he f\nd ! light z we "k x to consi/ ( violet1 indigo1 blue1 gre51 yell[1 orange & r$4 ,plac+ ! silv] *loride 9 ?is b& ( colors1 he discov]$ ! important fact t 9 ! r$ rays ! silv] *loride receiv$ no *ange--t !re 0 no *ange made 9 x4 ,b1 z he got along t[>d ! o!r end ( ! spectrum1 & got into ! gre5 & ! blue & ! indigo & ! violet1 he f\nd t ! color ( ! silv] *loride *ang$ mu* m rapidly1 & he f\nd t ! mo/ active 9 its effect ^u ! silv] *loride 7 ! blue & violet rays4 ,9 addition to ?is fact he f\nd t ! light discolor$ ! silv] *loride4 ,s*eele /ill fur!r prov$ t ! silv] *loride 0 decompos$ by ! light1 & t *lor9e gas1 or1 z he call$ x1 dephlogi/icat$ m>9e acid gas1 0 produc$4 ,he became acqua9t$ ) ?is previ\sly f 8 exp]im5ts on ! m9]al braun/e9 ) muriatic acid4 ,s t :5 he p]ceiv$ ! odor ( ! *lor9e f ! decomposition ( ! silv] *loride1 he recogniz$ ! gas at once1 & he says3 8,:5 ?is silv] *loride turns black x gives out *lor9e10 & t 0 a v important fact4 ,at ! r$ end ( ! spectrum he f\nd !re 0 little or no effect ^u ! silv] *loride4 ,?is 0 ! pr9ciple ( ! cam]a obscura1 & ! pr9ciple ( ! cam]a obscura is ! pr9ciple ( ! photographic cam]a to-day4 ,practically ! photographic cam]a consi/s ( a d>k box1 ) a hole at "o end & at ?is end !re is a place to receive an image4 ,in/ead ( hav+ a l5s !re 9 ! front ( ! cam]a1 z 0 =m]ly ! practice1 x is p]fectly possible to get ! picture ) a small op5+1 say an eigh? or sixte5? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 &1 fur!rmore1 t is ! mo/ p]fect picture y c get 9 a cam]a--a picture )\t a l5s4 ,n[1 t is a /range /atem5t1 & p]haps 9 ^! days x may appe> a little wild2 b 7exhibit+ a photo ab\t #e #g7 !re is a picture made ) an op5+ n l>g] ?an a p9hole1 & x is a good deal bett] ?an _m ( ! pictures tak5 by ! amateurs to-day4 ,?is op5+ be+ s small necessitates a good deal ( "t 9 ! action ( ! light ^u ! s5sitive silv] salts beh9d1 & t is ! object ( plac+ ! l5s !re4 ,by plac+ ! l5s "h1 in/ead ( hav+ a small op5+1 y make a l>g] op5+ :i* collects ! light 9 ! same mann]1 br+s x to ! focus & !n ! rays div]ge aga9 & y get ! picture4 ,n[1 ! rays z !y pass ?r\gh ! op5+ )\t a l5s1 beg9 to div]ge z soon z !y are 9 ! cam]a1 b ) a l5s !re !y are br\ght toge!r fir/ & !n cross & !n y get ! picture4 ,t is ! fir/ /ep1 !n1 9 photography1 ! production ( images by ! cam]a obscura--& t is all ! photographic cam]a consi/s (--a modification ( x4 ,n[1 :5 ! facts asc]ta9$ by ,s*eele1 i4e41 ! action ( light ^u silv] *loride--turn+ x black & produc+ gas 7& by ! way ,s*eele nev] f\nd out :at ?is gas 0 & to-day x is a matt] ( controv]sy & a problem among *emi/s7--) ! facts asc]ta9$ by ,s*eele1 9 reg>d to ! action ( light ,?omas ,w$gewood & ,vu$] made pictures1 9 #ahjb4 ,^! pictures 7 v peculi>4 ,!y spread ^u pap] & ^u glass plates t _h "s gummy mat]ial ^u !m silv] *loride--z a precipitate1 & !n !y set _! subjects up1 s z to get a pr(ile %ad[ ) a /rong light ^u ! surface4 ,n[1 :]e ! light pass$1 ( c\rse !y got a black m>k ^u ! silv] *loride1 b ! silh\ette ( ! face 0 9 :ite4 ,n[1 t 0 v rem>kable1 because !y got "s v rem>kable pictures ( :i* draw+s 7 made4 ,!y 7 :ite silh\ettes on a black backgr\nd1 b rememb] t ! pictures t 7 ?us made1 ! :ite silh\ettes 7if ,i may use ! t]m7 7 made by ! action ( "s light4 ,if y want$ to copy !m y _h to copy !m out ( ! light2 o!rwise ! :ole mass w\ld get black1 & t 0 ! difficulty4 ,9 o!r words1 ! :ite impression c\ld only be exam9$ by c&le or "s o!r weak light1 & !y ultimately became %r\d$ 9 d>kness & 7 lo/--s we h n[ none ( ^? pictures4 ,:ile !y 7 exp]im5t+ 9 ,engl&1 a man nam$ ,niepse1 a ,fr5*man1 0 at "w ^u ! same subject--! action ( light ^u v>i\s mat]ials1 b 9 a some:at diff]5t direction4 ,9 #ahac1 or probably be=e t "t1 he discov]$ t c]ta9 k9ds ( bitum5 7 soluble 9 oil ( lav5d]1 & t :5 y expos$ ^! pieces ( bitum5 to "s light ! oil ( lav5d] w\ld n dissolve !m any m4 ,he conceiv$ ! idea 7h[1 is n on record71 b he ?\ght t if he c\ld coat plates ) ?is bitum5 & !n expose !m to light 9 a cam]a he c\ld get a picture ^u ?is bitum51 & :]e ! light _h act$ ! bitum5 w\ld be insoluble 9 oil ( lav5d]4 ,:]e ! light _h n act$ t he c\ld dissolve x out4 ,he proce$$ to d ?is1 & succe$$ 9 gett+ pictures ^u metal plates4 ,he !n1 aft]w>ds1 et*$ ! plates & ?us got a p]fect draw+ or picture4 ,s he us$ x simply z a means to produce a picture by et*+4 ,n[1 und]/&1 us+ ! cam]a1 he obta9$ an impression ^u metal plates coat$ ) bitum54 ,aft] expos+ ! plates 9 ! cam]a he wa%$ !m 9 oil ( lav5d] & !n an et*+ fluid1 & cut ! impression into ! matt] & !n !y 7 pr9t$4 ,"s ( ^! pictures are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 !y say4 ,i h nev] se5 any ( !m4 ,aft] a "t ! plates 7 clean$1 & by ! help ( an et*]'s tools or an engrav]'s tools !y 7 cut /ill deep] & made v good engrav+ plates2 s t 8 object 0 n simply to et* !m b to produce plates = engrav+4 ,:ile ?is 0 go+ on ,h]s*el made an important discov]y 9 #ahai1 & t 0 t *loride & bromide & iodide ( silv] 7 n soluble :5 black5$ by light4 ,he f\nd t aft] y _h expos$ ^! mat]ials to ! light--?is silv] iodide1 bromide or *loride--& _h wa%$ all ^! ) hypophosphite ( sodium1 !y w\ld n dissolve4 ,t 0 important4 ,t made x possible to pres]ve ! silh\ette pictures devis$ or discov]$ by ,w$gewood & ,vu$]4 ,!re=e1 aft] expos+ ! plates 9 ! cam]a1 z did ,niepse1 ! ,fr5*man1 he wa%$ !m 9 a solution ( hypophosphite ( sodium4 ,t took (f ! *loride ( silv] t 0 n act$ ^u by ! light & he pres]v$ ! pictures4 ,"s ( ! fir/ pictures t he made 7 r curi\s4 ,i h n "o ( 8 orig9al pictures2 ,i wi% ,i _h1 b ,i h a picture made 9 ! same mann]4 ,he took a piece ( pap] & saturat$ x ) salt 7he said t he us$ ,bri/ol dry+ pap]1 :i* 0 a peculi> pap]1 made at t "t 9 ,engl&74 ,?is 0 soak$ 9 *loride ( sodium or common salt1 & !n x 0 dipp$ & _h fl[$ ov] x nitrate ( silv]4 ,!re=e he _h 9 ! pores ( ! pap] *loride ( silv] 9 v intimate contact ) ! pap]4 ,!n he took su* objects z f]ns & pieces ( pap]1 cut x 9 v>i\s %apes1 & laid x on ! pap]4 ,t produc$ su* an effect z :]e ! objects _h laid !y _h ! :ite impression4 ,if y took ?is out 9 ! sunlight x w\ld all get black4 ,b he made ?is important discov]y & ?us pres]v$ ! picture4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ photograph made4 ,we d t to-day1 & produce o!r pictures ) v>i\s o!r comp\nds1 b ,i w speak ( t lat]4 ,9 ! ye> #ahbd we he> ( ano!r ,fr5*man 7n[1 rememb] ?is 0 a long :ile ago1 9 #ahai1 & we _h no photographs yet1 al?\gh y might call t a photograph 7exhibit+ ! f]n picture7 yet x is n74 ,9 ! ye> #ahbd we he> ( ano!r ,fr5*man :o 0 a sc5e-pa9t] at a !atre 9 ,p>is1 & he _h be5 us+ ! cam]a obscura to obta9 pictures f nature f :i* to pa9t 8 sc5]y4 ,t is to say he _h a t5t built some?+ l t 7draw+ figure on blackbo>d7 ) a l5s some?+ l t t 0 "p ( a "r angl$ prism1 & ?is light com+ f ! view1 ! image 0 =m$ 9 "h & spread out ^u a table f :i* he c\ld make a draw+4 ,he us$ t & 0 mu* annoy$ at ! "t x took to get ^? pictures4 ,he 0 v impati5t1 l a great _m o!r ,fr5*m54 ,he conceiv$ ! idea ( 8fix+ ^! pictures0 z he call$ !m4 ,he did n want to h ! tr\ble ( draw+ !m4 ,he said3 8,if ,i c\ld only f9d "s way ( gett+ t fix$ on ! surface )\t ! tr\ble ( draw+ x x w\ld be a great conv5i5ce40 ,?is ,fr5*man 0 ,l\is ,dagu]re1 really ! fa!r ( photography4 ,n[ he work$ indep5d5tly = "s "t1 :5 he met ,niepse1 ! ,niepse t _h be5 work+ on bitum5 & oil ( lav5d]1 & !y =m$ a k9d ( p>tn]%ip 9 #ahbi4 ,n[1 rememb]1 #ahai 0 ! "t t ,sir ,john ,h]s*el _h discov]$ hypophosphite ( sodium & its action on ^! silv] comp\nds4 ,!y =m$ a p>tn]%ip 9 ord] to "w out 8sc5e pictures0 z !y call$ !m4 ,9 ! ye> #ahcc ,niepse di$--got tir$ ( ! "w pretty mu*1 ,i suppose--& ,dagu]re cont9u$ ! "w4 ,:at 8 e>ly exp]im5ts 7 we h v d\btful records (4 ,dagu]re did n seem to keep v good records4 ,9 ! ye> #ahci1 little m ?an fifty ye>s ago1 he communicat$ to ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t a me?od = mak+ pictures 9 ! cam]a ^u metallic plates4 ,9 o!r words he divulg$ ! secret ( ! fir/ photographic picture we h--! dagu]reotype4 ,?is 0 su* a great success & su* a wond]ful discov]y t ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t p5sion$ ,dagu]re = 8 life "t1 & by an agreem5t ) !m ! process became public prop]ty on ,augu/ #aj?1 #ahci4 ,n[ ,i h ! good =tune to h "h to-night ! dagu]reotype app>atus4 ,?is is practically all ! p>aph]nalia ( ! dagu]reotype4 ,fir/ ( all 0 ! cam]a 7& y mu/ p>don ! condition ( x z x is almo/ =ty ye>s old74 ,i "k ( no o!r complete set 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 s ?is is r a relic1 & x requires a good deal ( c>e 9 h&l+ x = x almo/ falls to pieces 7%[+ ! app>atus74 ,"h is :]e ! l5s 0 put & 9 "h is :]e ! plate hold] 0 put4 ,!y fir/ _h to fix ! l5ses 9 ! ord9>y way ) gr\nd glass4 ,!n !y _h a plate-hold] some?+ l ours1 t !y put ! metallic plate 94 ,n[ hav+ fix$ x1 ! next ?+ to d 0 to pres5t to ! sitt] ?is metallic plate1 & ,i h "h "o ( j su* plates4 ,n[1 into ?is plate-hold] are fitt$ 8kits0 z we call !m to hold diff]5t siz$ plates4 ,un=tunately "p ( ?is app>atus is lo/2 i4e41 to say all ^! little details ( kits1 b !y c\ld all be made out ( little pieces ( wood4 ,n[1 ! dagu]reotype is ?is3 ,!y take a silv]-copp] plate 7a piece ( copp] plat$ ) silv]4 ,:5 !y fir/ did ?is1 !y us$ to sold] ^u copp] plates a piece ( silv]1 !n put x 9 a press & roll x out4 ,aft] t "t1 9 latt] ye>s :5 ! galvanic batt]y _h be5 discov]$ & 0 9 common use1 !y electroplat$ x74 ,n[1 ?is p>ticul> plate 0 put into a hold] t 0 held l t4 ,n[ ! small boy 0 giv5 "o ( ! buff]s or he 0 put at a :eel t _h ^u x a back+ ( felt & on ! front ( x 0 *amois lea!r 7x is n[ long gone on ?is "o--be5 rubb$ (f74 ,?is plate 0 !n rubb$ ) a great deal ( dext]ity & y _h to be v c>eful t y did n scrat* x4 ,t 0 ! mo/ important ?+ ab\t !m4 ,x spoilt ! picture if y scrat*$ !m4 ,!y _h to be p]fectly smoo?4 ,z ,i said1 ?is 0 sometimes done by hold+ ! plate on a :eel1 b ! ord9>y way 0 by us+ "o ( ^! buff]s4 ,! silv] plate 0 tak5 out by undo+ ?is screw at ! corn]4 ,n[1 ! fir/ ?+ to d ) x1 !n1 is to make x s5sitive4 ,x is m]ely a silv] surface n[4 ,x 0 made s5sitive by plac+ x 9 "o ( ^! boxes 7%[+ x7 call$ coat+ boxes4 ,n[ t plate 0 put into t box 7%[+ ! same box71 & see !re is ! lime 9 ! box & x is n[ probably =ty ye>s old1 hav+ nev] be5 di/urb$4 ,9 t lime 0 plac$ brom9e1 & x 0 !n cov]$ ) a glass cov] t fits ov] ?is glass tr\gh or di%--x is r deep4 ,?is 0 !n plac$ ) a little pressure--9 ord] to keep ! box tight & n let ! brom9e fumes get all ov] ! /udio--& !y put ! plate 9 "h & pull$ ?is ov]1 s1 leav+ x !re a c]ta9 numb] ( m9utes1 & by action ( ! brom9e vapor x becomes coat$ ) bromide ( silv]4 ,!n !y ei!r put "s iod9e into ?is same box or !y _h an iod9e box4 ,aft] ! plate 0 9 !re a few m9utes1 !y took x out & put x 9 !re & gave x a dose ( brom9e4 ,x 0 f\nd1 & by :om ,i am n sure1 t ! addition ( a little iod9e or a small proportion ( iodide ( silv] ) iod9e ( silv] gave bett] effects4 ,s x 0 !n tak5 out & x 0 s5sitive to light4 ,n[1 ,dagu]re discov]$ all t4 ,?is 0 !n put 9 ! plate hold] & expos$ 9 ! cam]a & he got a picture4 ,& x bo!r$ him a great deal1 = x fad$4 ,if he put t hypophosphite ( sodium on x t our fri5d ,h]s*el discov]$1 x clean$ ! :ole picture (f4 ,!re 0 n en\gh ( x4 ,s he wat*$ & wat*$ & 0 we>y ) mak+ ^! pictures & hav+ !m fade1 until he w5t "o day to a closet :]e he _h a lot ( ^! pictures /or$1 & he 0 delight$ to see t ! picture ( a c]ta9 monum5t 7,i ?9k x 07 t he _h made he ?\ght on t plate "s "t be=e1 & x 0 a good picture & a p]man5t picture4 ,h[ x came ab\t puzzl$ him a great deal4 ,9 look+ ar\nd ! closet :]e ^! pictures 7 expos$--:]e ^! plates 7 /or$--he f\nd t = "s reason or o!r ! bottle ( m]cury _h be5 brok51 & he tri$ almo/ e imag9able mat]ial 9 ! closet1 & at la/ x /ruck him x might be m]cury4 ,well1 he put "s m]cury on ! plate & he ru9$ x4 8,well1 no10 he says1 8x is n m]cury b m]cury 9 a v f9e /ate4 ,i wond] if x is ! ,vapor ( ,m]cury80 ,he tri$ x & f\nd t x 04 ,t l$ to ! developm5t ( ! dagu]reotype4 ,!n all he did ) a plate 0 to put x into a vessel ) a few drops ( m]cury1 & und]nea? a little _s lamp4 ,!n he w\ld put ! plate 9 & wat* ! heat 7"s n[ h a !rmomet]7 & he w\ld j pick x up e once 9 a :ile to see h[ x is develop+4 ,t process gave to him ! fir/ picture1 ! dagu]reotype1 & ^? are to-day ! h&some/ pictures ev] made by photography4 ,i h two or ?ree ( !m :i* are p>tly spoil$1 b to-day !y f> surpass any?+ we h ev] s9ce done 9 ! sci5ce ( photography4 ,aft] ! m]cury process1 x 0 v easy to wa% ! plate (f4 ,! object ( ! developm5t 0 ?is3 t :]e ! light _h act$ !re ! m]cury seem$ to take hold & br+ out ! picture4 ,:]e ! light _h n act$ y c\ld dissolve ! silv] surface (f ) cyanide ( potassium1 :i* 0 g5]ally us$4 ,b1 if y w look at ?is old-fa%ion$ dagu]reotype1 y w see t y _h to look at !m 9 a c]ta9 light2 o!rwise1 y c\ld see no?+4 ,sometime aft]w>ds a man nam$ ,fit%]b]t1 a ,fr5*man1 conceiv$ ! idea ( *ang+ ?is peculi> picture 9 silv] plate into a gold picture4 ,9 o!r words1 he put into ! plate a little *loride ( gold & produc$ a dagu]reotype :i* c be se5 pretty cle>ly by look+ squ>ely at x4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! dagu]reotype fl\ri%$ only a %ort "t4 ,:ile ,dagu]re & o!rs 7 work+ at ! dagu]reotype1 ,fox ,talbot1 a ri* ,engli%man1 took up ! subject f ano!r po9t ( view4 ,he conceiv$ ! idea ( mak+ a negative4 ,( c\rse1 e picture y took by ,dagu]re's me?od y _h to make a sitt+ = x4 ,su* are ! pictures up 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,m9es ( ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison & ,daniel ,web/]4 ,!y _h to sit "r d[n 9 front ( ! box1 & copies c\ld n be _h4 ,t 0 ! tr\ble ) ! dagu]reotype4 ,y _h "o picture = e sitt+4 ,to make ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! positive & negative m cle>1 ,i h br\ght "h to %[ y to-night 7produc+ !m7 "s positives & negatives pr9t$ on ! same piece ( pap]4 ,:5 ! picture comes out ( ! cam]a & ! plate is develop+ 7exhibit+ x7 t is :at x looks l--:]e ! light /ruck all ! light p>ts ( ! picture are black1 & :]e ! light did n /rike all ! black p>ts ( ! picture are :ite4 ,if ,i take ! same surface1 conta9+ ! bromide ( silv]1 iodide ( silv] or *loride ( silv]1 & place x und]nea? t & expose x to ! sunlight1 :]e ! light /rikes ?r\gh x w produce black1 j z 9 ! orig9al object1 & :5 ,i get ?r\gh ,i get ! positive4 ,s !re is a negative & !re is a positive f ! same picture4 ,n[1 t 0 ,fox ,talbot's idea4 ,he says 8,if ,i c d t1 ,i c make pictures ad libitum40 ,) ?is object 9 view he coat$ pap] ) silv] *loride4 ,he expos$ x !n 9 ! cam]a1 fix$ x 9 a solution ( salt--common salt or iodide ( potassium--& :5 he got ?r\gh ! picture 0 a p]man5t "o1 because ! iodide ( potassium dissolv$ out ! :ite p>ts t 7 n affect$ by ! light4 ,f ?is negative he obta9$ o!r pr9ts4 ,n[1 v>i\s modifications ( ,fox ,talbot's process1 7 br\ght out1 & a man nam$ ,la,gray1 ,i ?9k 7or at lea/ x 0 j ab\t ! "t he liv$7 conceiv$ ! idea ( mak+ ^! pictures m transp>5t by wax+ !m4 ,t 0 ! fir/ good negative we _h4 ,x 0 a modification ( ,fox ,talbot's idea1 only he wax$ ! pap]4 ,!n ab\t ! same "t x 0 f\nd t a mixture ( *loride ( iron & cyanide ( potassium1 :5 mix$ toge!r 7 act$ ^u by light4 ,h]s*el discov]$ ?is1 & t 0 ! way we obta9$ ! blue pr9t1 :i* is f> old] ?an ! photograph4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el f\nd t a mixture ( *loride ( iron & cyanide ( potassium1 :5 expos$ to sunlight made ,prussian blue4 ,s t if y take pap] & coat x ) ?is mixture & !n expose x "u a negative y get a blue picture4 ,! tr\ble ) ^! pap] pictures 0 t y c\ld n elim9ate ! gra9 ( ! pap]1 & if y w exam9e ^! close en\gh y w see t !y are blurr$4 ,?is "o pr9t$ f t p>ticul> negative is blurr$--v mu* blurr$4 ,^! s5sitive silv] comp\nds are s s5sitive t ! gra9 ( ! pap] produces an impression4 ,n[1 9 #ahdh1 ,niepse1 a nephew ( ! fir/ ,niepse1 ?\ght x w\ld be a good idea to use glass plates coat$ ) album54 ,he took *loride or iodide ( silv]1 mix$ x ) :ite ( egg1 spread x on plates1 heat$ ! plates1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 coagulat$ ! album51 & t fix$ 8 film ^u ! glass plates4 ,t 0 q a /ep4 ,n[1 we _h gott5 rid ( ! pap]4 ,by ! way1 ,i made a little mi/ake !re ab\t ! way he got ! picture4 ,he got ! picture by putt+ salt 9 ! album5 & !n coagulat+ x1 & !n he dipp$ ! plate into a solution ( silv] nitrate & 9 t way got ! precipitate 9 ! film itself4 ,?is 0 important b tr\blesome & n always successful4 ,n[1 a few ye>s be=e ano!r discov]y 0 made4 ,rememb] t ?is 0 9 #ahdh t ,niepse work$ ) ! album5 process4 ,9 #ahdj1 ,s*urb51 a ,swiss *emi/1 discov]$ gum cotton4 ,?is gum cotton is a nitrat$ comp\nd ( cotton1 made by ! action ( conc5trat$ sulphuric & nitric acids ^u cotton4 ,sometime aft]w>ds ,mayn>d1 a ,yankee1 9 ,bo/on1 discov]$ t ?is gum cotton 0 soluble 9 alcohol1 & e!r1 & !n he f\nd t by evaporat+ ! sub/ance he got ! ?9 film ( collodion4 ,scott ,ar*]1 an ,engli%man1 conceiv$ ! idea ( us+ ?is film z a vehicle = ^! p>ticul>ly s5sitive silv] salts = photograph+4 ,8 me?od 0 pretty mu* t :i* is foll[$ to-day & t is /ill 9 use to q a l>ge ext5t4 ,9 ?is process we h ?is s]ies ( op]ations3 ,fir/1 ! plate mu/ be p]fectly clean4 ,t is ess5tial4 ,any little spot ^u x w =m a nucleus :i* w spread ov] ! surface ( ! plate4 ,! plate is !n coat$ ) album5 & all[$ to dry )\t heat+4 ,x is !n fl[$ ) ?is collodion1 & 9 ! collodion is put ! *loride1 iodide or bromide ( silv]1 :i* y ne$4 ,x is g5]ally ! *loride1 iodide or bromide ( silv]4 ,?is collodion is aft]w>ds dipp$ into a silv] ba?1 & !n we get ! s5sitiz$ silv] surface1 v ?9 & p]fectly transp>5t4 ,x is !n ready to g into ! cam]a4 ,x is put into ! cam]a soak+ wet ) nitrate ( silv]4 ,x is expos$ & !n develop$ ) a solution ( sulphate ( iron ) "s acetic acid4 ,aft] x is develop$1 ! develop] is wa%$ (f1 fix$ ) hypophosphite ( sodium1 dri$1 v>ni%$ & we get ! negative4 ,n[1 ! curi\s "p ab\t ?is wet plate process is t x is sl[4 ,! comp\nds are n v s5sitive comp>$ ) ! mod]n comp\nds4 ,9 ! second place x is ess5tial to use x wet4 ,if y took ! plate out ( ! silv] ba? :]e y s5sitiz$ x & wa%$ (f ! nitrate ( silv] adh]+ to x & put ! plate 9 ! cam]a y w\ld n get a picture4 ,! silv] nitrate is ess5tial to ! production ( ! picture4 ,x acts 9 ?is way3 ,:]e ! light has act$ ^u ! s5sitive silv] comp\nds & y proce$ to develop ! picture1 :5 y mix ! sulphate ( iron & p\r ! develop] ^u ! plate1 z ! iron comes 9 contact ) ! nitrate ( silv]1 ) :i* ! plate is wet1 x produces metallic silv]1 :i* adh]es to ^? p>ts ( ! picture :i* h be5 act$ ^u by ! light4 ,t seems to be ! philosophy1 because if y wa% ! nitrate (f y _c develop a picture ^u su* a plate4 ,n[1 ?is process ( photography revolutioniz$ ! dagu]reotype1 revolutioniz$ photography & ! dagu]reotype became obsolete4 ,i ?9k x displac$ ! dagu]reotype 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,?is process 0 su* an advantage--collodion 0 su* a nice sub/ance to "w )--t x revolutioniz$ ! photography ( ^? days1 & ! dagu]reotype fell out ( exi/5ce4 ,n[1 :5 y take into consid]ation ! "t t p _h to sit = _! pictures--five or six m9utes--y c conceive h[ h>d x 0 to keep /ill4 ,!y _h su* que] contrivances to keep ! head /raight1 !y screw$ y up 9 v>i\s positions1 & ?is 0 p>ticul>ly exasp]at+ :]e !y _h to take pictures requir+ a good deal ( "t4 ,dr4 ,drap]1 :o took "s ( ^! dagu]reotypes1 & :o ,i believe 0 ! fir/ photograph] ( ^! pictures1 desir$ to take a photo ( 8 e/imable lady4 ,8 /udio 0 9 ! old ,univ]sity ,build+ 9 ,wa%+ton ,squ>e4 ,i believe ,mrs4 ,drap] _h to sit tw5ty m9utes = t picture4 ,9 ord] to produce ! be/ effect he _h a tank made 9 ! top ( ! laboratory s z to produce a blue light4 ,mrs4 ,drap] 0 v pati5t :ile he 0 at "w ) ?is1 & un=tunately1 ,dr4 ,colton tells me1 ! result 0 two pictures on ! same plate4 ,i %\ld ?9k x w\ld4 ,t 0 ! fir/ ef=t ev] made to take ! human face ) ! dagu]reotype4 ,( c\rse1 ) all t p>aph]nalia1 ) t sl[ness ( action1 any?+ t work$ )9 a m9ute 0 consid]$ wond]ful1 & t 0 practically :at happ5$ :5 ,scott ,ar*] discov]$ collodion4 ,?is wet plate process cont9u$ f #ahea to #ahga1 ab\t tw5ty ye>s4 ,i h ! pleasure ( %[+ y an amateur outfit = ?is process1 us$ 9 #ahfj to take to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s 7exhibit+ x74 ,t is an amateur outfit c>ri$ ov] ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s 9 #ahfj to take pictures4 ,"h is ! old tank t c>ri$ ! wat]4 ,"h are "s ( ! bottles ( *emicals1 & ! way x 0 manag$ 0 ?is3 ,?is 0 hook$ up1 on ! end ( ^! /icks4 ,?is 0 ! black clo? us$ z ! develop+ room by ! op]ator4 ,"h is a little w9d[ ) yell[ glass to develop ! pictures4 ,! plates & bromide ( silv] 0 c>ri$ 9 ^! two boxes4 ,t 0 c>ri$ on top ( ! mule & ! boxes on ! sides ( ! mule1 s t he _h a pretty good mule4 ,n[1 to-day we d ! same "w ) t app>atus 7exhibit+ app>5tly a ,kodak71 & a great deal bett] "w x is4 ,9 #ahga a m important revolution took place ev5 ?an ! wet plate process or ! dagu]reotype4 ,_m ef=ts _h be5 made to ov]come ! use ( ! wet plate--! plate wet ) nitrate ( silv]1 & "s ( ! ef=ts 7 v successful b usually tr\blesome4 ,! plate 0 kept moi/ 9 a v>iety ( ways3 by honey1 by tea1 by infusion ( tea1 by be]1 by c(fee1 & a multitude ( all ! funnie/ concoctions y c\ld ?9k (1 b ! process 0 de/9$ to fail4 ,9 ab\t #ahgj x 0 conceiv$ t y c\ld make an emulsion ( ^! peculi> comp\nds ( silv]--^! s5sitive silv] comp\nds--t y c\ld make an emulsion t y c\ld p\r ^u ! plate & produce a picture j :5 y pleas$1 & x 0 f\nd t by mix+ ! *loride t produces ! s5sitive mat]ial 9 "o portion ( y\r collodion & putt+ nitrate ( silv] into ano!r portion ( ! collodion1 9 c]ta9 proportions1 y c\ld produce a collodial emulsion4 ,!y _h to be mix$ 9 j exactly ! "r proportions1 s z n to h an excess ( nitrate ( silv] or an excess ( bromide4 ,b t process fail$ & only la/$ a few ye>s2 al?\gh ,i h "h "o ( ! plate hold]s us$ by su* a process4 ,?is 0 betwe5 ! "t ( ! wet plate process & ! mod]n dry plate1 :5 !y us$ collodial bromide emulsion4 ,x 0 a k9d ( a compromise betwe5 ! wet plate & ! dry plate4 ,9 #ahga1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,l4 ,maddox1 ( ,ba?1 ,engl&1 _h ! idea t he w\ld use gelat9e1 in/ead ( album5 or collodion1 z a vehicle to hold ^! silv] salts ^u ! glass surface1 & he f\nd1 among o!r ?+s1 some?+ t surpris$ him--t :5 he put ! silv] salts 9 to contact ) ?is gelat9e !y became wond]fully m s5sitive ?an ev] be=e4 ,! idea is ?is3 ,t y make a gelat9e mixture ( a c]ta9 /r5g?--! proportions requir$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( s(t gelat9e & a c]ta9 am\nt ( h>d gelat9e4 ,into t gelat9e y p\r1 ) con/ant /irr+2 y p\r a mixture at ! same "t--"s p>ticul> bromide1 g5]ally bromide ( potassium & nitrate ( silv]--9 a v ?9 /ream & keep x ?or\ghly /irr$ up4 ,if y g too fa/1 y w n get ! "r result2 b ! result is1 :5 y get ?r\gh & d x "r1 y get a beautiful milky fluid1 & t fluid conta9s bromide ( silv] 9 a wond]ful /ate ( susp5sion--v ?9--& x rema9s susp5d$ 9 ?is fluid4 ,n[ let t set--?is cream or 8emulsion10 z !y call x--& y h z a result iodide ( silv] & iodide ( potassium4 ,y let ! emulsion set & x produces a jelly1 t jelly is !n cut up into %r$s1 rubb$ ?r\gh a sieve or some?+ ( t k9d to make x ?or\ghly divid$1 & wa%$ ?or\ghly ) wat]4 ,hav+ done t x c be melt$1 & if y melt x & heat x to a c]ta9 temp]ature1 !re does n seem to be any limit to ! s5sitiv5ess ( ! mat]ial4 ,if y use x cold x requires a second or two to produce a picture4 ,if y cook x1 h[ev]1 y w f9d t x w become m & m s5sitive to light1 until x is actually possible to take a picture ( a projectile travel+ f\r hundr$ metres p] second4 ,i h su* a picture4 ,! only tr\ble is t "s ( ! plates made are s s5sitive to light t we _c get a light non-active en\gh to develop !m4 ,hav+ ^! bromide plates !n 9 ! cam]a--?is s5sitive mat]ial coat$ on ^! glass plates 9 ! cam]a--y h got to be v c>eful t ! light does n get to !m4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! plate hold]s are made ) extreme c>e4 ,! result ( ?is gelat9e-bromide ( silv] process is ?is3 t we c h plates 9 packages4 ,we c put ^! emulsion plates & c>ry !m (f :]e we please1 &1 :at is /ill m important1 we c put ! emulsion ^u v ?9 mat]ial1 & ,i h "h 7exhibit+ !m7 ?9 %eets ( celluloid ^u :i* ?is emulsion has be5 spread & pictures tak54 ,t is n all1 ei!r2 !y c make x /ill ?9n] 7produc+ small cam]a7 !y c put x on a roll & 9 ?is cam]a is "o ( ^? rolls1 & 9 t box ,i c take a hundr$ pictures )\t reload+ ! in/rum5t4 ,! way x is done1 ,i1 :5 ,i want to produce a new surface1 simply w9d ! old "o (f ) ?is w9d+ ma*9e4 ,!re is an op5+ at ! front ( ! cam]a4 ,press j bel[ ?is1 s1 & y h ! picture4 ,n[ j w9d ! film (f & y are ready = ! next picture4 ,n[ pull x aga91 & ?is is s easy t "s manufactur]s say3 8,y simply pu% ! button & we d ! re/ = y40 ,t is nons5se1 !y don't d ! 8re/0 = y4 ,a fri5d ( m9e took "o ( ^! to ,europe1 & ) x a doz5 rolls ( film1 all ( :i* he us$4 ,:5 he return$ he s5t !m to ! manufactur]s & ,i ?9k he got ab\t twelve pictures back4 ,n e "t y press ! button is a good picture produc$4 ,y h to "k a little bit ab\t ! sci5ce & use a little judgm5t4 ,su* is ! /ate ( photography to-day t ?is mat]ial c be spread ^u any k9d ( transp>5t surface4 ,9 ! case ( plate1 !y are put 9 hold]s l ?is1 g5]ally only two on ea* side1 & slipp$ into ?is frame 9 a d>k room1 9 :i* no light c be us$ except "o emitt$ ?r\gh a deep r$ *imney4 7,! pr(essor "h exhibit$ su* a *imney47 ,!n1 ! mat]ial t is us$ = develop+ ^! pictures is some:at diff]5t f ! old me?od4 ,we use organic comp\nds1 alkal9e solutions1 & organic matt]s capable ( tak+ up oxyg54 ,^! organic mat]ials1 9 conjunction ) "s alkali1 are capable ( tak+ up oxyg54 ,!y produce a disoxyg5iz+ action4 ,aft] dipp+1 t gives y ! negative4 ,! pr9ts are made 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,! facility ) :i* ^! app>ati c be us$ has l$ to an enorm\s v>iety4 ,y c h an app>atus some?+ l t1 or some?+ l ?is1 :i* is small]4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are to-day probably ab\t t5 ?\s& pr(essional photograph]s & ?irty or =ty ?\s& amateurs1 :o usually d no?+ b spoil plates4 ,to give y an idea ( "s ( ! "w done1 n altoge!r by pr(essionals1 ,i h pick$ out f ! numb] ( pictures ,i h a few samples ( ! "w4 ,"h is a picture ( a cattle ran* 9 ,colorado4 ,i h "o a little l>g] ( a horse race1 b ?is is ab\t z l>ge z !y c be made4 ,t w give y an idea ( ! in/antane\s effect4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! foot & ! top ( ! m\nta9s is ab\t twelve miles1 s t y c get an idea ( ! capacity ( ! cam]a1 ( ! s5sitiv5ess ( ^! comp\nds4 ,"h is a ,mexican picture :i* %[s ! great beauties ( ! ,mexican flora--! cacti4 ,"h is a /udy 8,k+ ,le>0 made by ,buffl]1 ! photograph]4 ,t is ab\t z l>ge z y c get4 ,x is a pretty l>ge plate to h&le4 ,!n !re is ano!r /udy 8,! ,five ,o'clock ,tea0 "s ladies at tea1 by ! same man z 8,k+ ,le>40 ,"h is ano!r /udy1 8,a ,game ( ,sixty six40 ,^? are all silv] pr9ts1 made ) *loride ( silv]1 us+ glass negatives & produc+ ! positives by hav+ ! *loride ( silv] 9 album54 ,! be/ vehicle to-day = mak+ positive pr9ts is album5 ) *loride ( silv]4 ,x is f\nd t if y take a mixture ( gelat9e & bi*romate ( potassium1 & put into ! mixture "s pigm5t & expose x "u a negative :]e ! light acts1 ! gelat9e is made insoluble & holds ! pigm5t1 & :]e ! light does n act ! gelat9e is /ill soluble & c be wa%$ away4 ,"h is su* a picture & x is v int]e/+--8,9 ,camp40 ,! %ad[s 9 t picture are on ! :ite pap] und]nea?4 ,"h are a c\ple ( pictures ( silv]1 two ,bav>ian pictures4 ,?is "o1 ( a little girl1 is by ,e9l&] ( ,cologne1 in/antane\sly tak5 )\t a head-re/1 :i* is a v difficult piece ( "w4 ,?is is ! same idea1 in/antane\sly tak54 ,"h are two pictures v int]e/+1 :i* 7 9 ! exhibition at ,*icago4 ,!y are pictures 9 plat9um1 %[+ t we are n conf9$ to simply silv] salts4 ,we h "h 9 ?is la/ picture "o ( ! *lorides ( plat9um1 ! plat9e *loride4 ,x _c be spoil$ 9 any way4 ,! picture is good z long z ! pap] is good4 ,"h is an example ( a ya*t picture4 ,x is ! ,engli% ya*t ,iris4 ,x is a f9e picture4 ,! ya*t is travell+ v fa/4 ,"h is a picture on ! ,ea/ ,riv]1 made by ,dr4 ,hab]%aw1 %[+ ! "w ( amateurs 9 ?is l9e4 ,i c\ld tell y a good deal m ab\t ?is subject1 b !re is only "o o!r ?+ ,i w\ld n[ l to m5tion4 ,"s ( y1 ,i suppose1 h he>d a great deal ab\t tak+ photographs 9 colors4 ,we are v ne> x4 ,!y h produc$ 9 ,france1 ,g]many & ,engl& pictures ( ! spectrum 9 ! silv] salts3 t is to say1 ) ! colors ( ! spectrum4 ,!y are v weak & h to be look$ at 9 a c]ta9 light4 ,!y are ! result ( int]f]5ce ( ! ?9 films4 ,we are do+ some?+ m important4 ,we are le>n+ to make ! :ole spectrum4 ,= example1 we c to-day get j z good an impression ^u silv] salts ) a r$ light z ,s*eele did ) a violet light 9 #aggd4 ,t leads to :at is call$ or?o-*romatic photography1 t is photography t w give u e color 9 ! spectrum4 ,x has be5 f\nd possible to make pictures 9 c]ta9 colors4 ,a long "t ago1 ! spectrum 0 sep>at$ into ?ree colors1 r$1 yell[ & blue ( c]ta9 k9ds4 ,n[1 if y take a picture 9 a r$ light ( a c]ta9 "*1 & ano!r ( ! same subject 9 a yell[ light ( a c]ta9 "*1 & ano!r 9 a blue light ( a c]ta9 "*1 y h ?ree negatives4 ,y c make ?ree negatives1 "o ( ! r$ light1 "o ( ! yell[ light & "o ( ! blue light4 ,n[1 by tak+ pigm5ts & pr9t+ 9 a press l a li?ographic press1 y c make a r$ positive f ! r$ negative1 & a blue positive f ! blue negative & a yell[ positive f ! yell[ negative1 & 9 t way y may get ?ree impressions1 :i* is ! result 9 ! same colors4 ,y mu/ n /op !re1 h[ev]4 ,!re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( %ad[1 & ! result ( x is t !y h to :at !y call 8ov]-lay10 tak+ ! ?ree colors sep>ately & sup]impos+ !m 9 pr9t+4 ,rememb]1 ! r$ p>ts ( ! picture are tak5 ) ! r$ light4 ,t is1 suppose y put a r$ piece ( glass 9 front ( y\r cam]a1 !n only ! r$ p>ts ( ! picture pass ?r\gh to ! s5sitive plate4 ,!n repeat ! op]ation ) ! blue glass & ! yell[ glass1 & ! result w be z above4 ,n[ ,i hope ,i h n bor$ y by any pr(use details4 ,i did n int5d to4 ,i only tri$ to int]e/ y 9 "o ( ! mo/ important inv5tions ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,! /eam eng9e1 ! telegraph1 ! telephone & ! photograph are f\r ( ! gr& inv5tions :i* ! c5tury has produc$1 & ,i ?9k e intellig5t p]son %\ld le>n some?+ ab\t !m4 ,i am afraid t ,i h _h too little "t to d ! subject ju/ice4 ,y c und]/& h[ mu* m !re is beh9d ?is sup]ficial view4 ,i only h to ?ank y = y\r v k9d att5tion4 ,! ,alumni ,j\rnal ,publi%$ "u ! auspices ( ! ,alumni ,association ( ! ,college ( ,ph>macy ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york1 #aae-aai ,,we/ #fh? ,,/reet4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,febru>y #a1 #ahie4 ,no4 #b4 ,,! ,,alumni ,,j\rnal w be publi%$ ,mon?ly4 ,ent]$ at ,new ,york ,po/ ,(fice z second-class matt] ,,subscription3 ,p] ,annum1 ,"o ,doll> ,s+le ,copies1 #ae ,c5ts4 ,all copy = publication1 or *anges ( adv]tisem5ts %\ld rea* u on or be=e ! #bj? ( ! mon? previ\s to ! issue 9 :i* !y are to appe>4 ,all matt]s relat+ to publication %\ld be writt5 on "o side ( ! pap] only1 & s5t to ! editor1 ,,h5ry ,,kraem]1 #aae-aai ,we/ #fh? ,/reet4 ,all communications relat+ to f9ances & subscriptions %\ld be address$ to ,a4 ,,h5n+1 ,treas41 #aae-aai ,we/ #fh? ,/reet4 ,all communications relat+ to adv]tis+ %\ld be address$ to ,a4 ,k4 ,,lusk1 #a ,p>k ,r[4 ,,editor1 ,,h5ry ,,kraem]1 ,,ph4 ,g4 ,,assi/ant ,,editors1 ,,fr$4 ,,hoh5?al1 ,,ph4 ,g4 ,k4 ,c4 ,,maheg91 ,,ph4 ,g4 ,,associate ,,editors1 ,,*>les ,,rice1 ,,ph4 ,d4 ,,*>les ,f4 ,,*&l]1 ,,ph4 ,d41 ,m4 ,d41 ,l4,l4,d41 etc4 ,,ar?ur ,h4 ,,elliott1 ,,ph4 ,d41 ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,,h5ry ,h4 ,,rusby1 ,m4 ,d4 ,,virgil ,,cobl5tz1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,ph4 ,g41 ,,ph4 ,d4 ,,! ,,ability ,,( ,,con/ruction4 ,at ?is /age ( ! _w's hi/ory m5 ( ability & ev5 ( g5ius 9 a c]ta9 s5se are n r>e4 ,! result is t 9 all ( our in/itutions ( le>n+ ! requirem5ts become m /r+5t & by ! "t graduation arrives we see ! survival ( only ! v be/ m54 ,we f9d ! same classes ( m5 ?r\gh\t life t we f9d 9 college--we f9d m5 ( en]gy & slo?fulness1 m5 devot$ to pleasures & by nature politicians1 m5 ( ability ( con/ruction & m5 ( p[] 9 criticism4 ,:ile at ,college ! tra9+ to-day is *iefly analytical & ! result is t m5 are prone to exam9e ev]y?+ closely & "s ev5 le>n to take delight 9 te>+ ?+s to pieces4 ,!re are "s m5 :o are utt]ly ru9$ s f> z _! inw>d happ9ess & t ( ^? ab\t !m is conc]n$ by _! critical t5d5cies4 ,!y d ?is to ! detrim5t ( _! own en]gies & abilities ( con/ruction & h5ce nev] or b seldom build any?+1 b employ _! days 9 te>+ d[n :at o!rs h built4 ,! critic is necess>y & ess5tial 9 e dep>tm5t ( labor :]e human ?\ght is all[$ entrance4 ,criticisms t are hone/ always help ! build] & are a ga9 to po/]ity4 ,x is que/ionable if x is desirable = ! consci5ti\s "y man to enc\rage 9 8 life a too critical t5d5cy4 ,x is n necess>y to look at ! bright side ( ! affairs ( life1 or ev5 to look ^u m5 *>itably1 s to speak4 ,x is suffici5t = e "y man especially to look ^u ev5ts ( life z !y are4 ,x is decid$ly important = ! man ( aspiration to look ^u life ) its duties :5 he has _h suffici5t re/ & food & ex]cise4 ,wrongs may be right$ & errors correct$ 9 b two ways3 ! ?\ghtful way & ! ?\ghtless way4 ,! ?\ghtful way is always att5dant ( heal? & ) a broad m9d$ & l>ge he>t$ individual4 ,x is n our desire1 h[ev]1 to dwell too long ^u ! subject 9 ! ab/ract z we are anxi\s to repr9t ! clos+ words ( ,s5ator ,h5ry ,cabot ,lodge's ,phi ,beta ,kappa oration deliv]$ la/ ,june at ,h>v>d ,college4 ,he said 9 clos+3 8,h[ !n is a univ]sity to rea* ! results we ought to h f its tea*+s 9 ?is c\ntry & ?is p]iod8 ,"s p]sons may reply t x c be obta9$ by mak+ ! univ]sity tra9+ m practical4 ,mu* has be5 said on ! po9t fir/ & la/1 b ! !ory1 :i* is vague at be/1 seems to me to h no be>+ "h4 ,x is n a practical education :i* we seek 9 ?is reg>d1 b a lib]al education4 ,our se>* n[ & "h is n = an education :i* %all enable a man to e>n 8 liv+ ) ! lea/ possible delay2 b = a tra9+ :i* %all develop "* & m9d along c]ta9 l9es4 8,to all h] /ud5ts alike x is ,h>v>d's duty to give t :i* w s5d !m out f h] gates able to und]/& & to sympa?ize ) ! life ( ! "t4 ,?is _c be done by rules or sy/ems or text-books4 ,x c come f ! subtile1 impalpable1 & yet p[]ful influ5ces :i* ! _s & atmosph]e ( ! great univ]sity c ex]t ^u ^? )9 its c>e4 ,x is n easy to def9e or classify ^! influ5ces al?\gh we all "k _! g5]al effect4 ,nev]!less1 x is1 ,i ?9k1 possible to get at some?+ suffici5tly def9ite to indicate :at is lack+ & :]e ! p]il lies4 ,x all turns on ! _s :i* inspires ! entire collegiate body1 on ! m5tal attitude ( ! univ]sity z a :ole4 ,?is br+s u at once to ! dang] :i* ,i ?9k confronts all our l>ge univ]sities to-day1 & :i* ,i am sure confronts t univ]sity :i* ,i "k & love be/4 ,we are giv5 ov] too mu* to ! critical _s & we are educat+ m5 to become critics ( o!r m5 in/ead ( do]s ( de$s !mselves4 8,?is is all wrong4 ,criticism is heal?ful1 necess>y1 & desirable1 b x is always abundant & inf9itely less important ?an p]=mance4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ risk t ! supply ( critics w run out1 = !re are always en\gh middle-ag$ failures to keep ! ranks full if e o!r res\rce %\ld fail4 ,fai? & hope1 & belief1 en?usiasm1 & c\rage are ! qualities to be tra9$ & develop$ 9 "y m5 by a lib]al education4 ,y\? is ! "t = action1 n criticism4 ,a lib]al education %\ld enc\rage ! _s ( action1 n dead5 x4 ,we want ! m5 :om we s5d out f our univ]sities to c\nt 9 ! battle ( life & 9 ! hi/ory ( _! "t1 & to c\nt m & n less because ( _! lib]al education4 ,!y w n c\nt at all1 be well assur$1 if !y come out tra9$ only to look coldly & critically on all t is be+ done 9 ! _w & on all :o are do+ x4 ,we _c af=d to h t type1 & x is ! true product ( t critical _s :i* says to its s*ol>s3 8,see h[ badly ! _w is gov]n$2 see h[ cov]$ ) du/ & sweat ! m5 :o are try+ to d ! _w's bus9ess1 & h[ _m mi/akes !y make2 let u sit "h 9 ! %ade ) ,am>yllis & add up ! errors ( ^! bruis$ grimy fell[s & po9t out :at !y ought to d1 :ile we make no mi/akes ourselves by /ick+ to ! safe rule ( attempt+ no?+40 ,?is is a v com=table attitude1 b x is "o ( all o!rs :i* a univ]sity %\ld disc\rage in/ead ( inculcat+4 ,moreov]1 ) su* an attitude ( m9d t[>ds ! _w ( ?\ght & action is always alli$ a cultivat$ indiff]5ce ?an :i* !re is no?+ m en]vat+4 8,! "t 9 :i* we live is full ( que/ions ( ! deepe/ mom5t4 ,!re has be5 dur+ ! c5tury j end+ ! greate/ mat]ial developm5t ev] se54 ,! condition ( ! av]age man has be5 rais$ high] ?an be=e1 & weal? has be5 pil$ up beyond ! wilde/ fancy ( romance4 ,we h built up a va/ social & indu/rial sy/em1 & h c>ri$ civilization to ! highe/ po9t x has ev] t\*$4 ,t sy/em & t civilization are on trial4 ,grave d\bts & p]ils beset !m4 ,ev]y:]e to-day !re is an om9\s _s ( unre/4 ,ev]y:]e is a feel+ t all is n well1 :5 heal? ab\nds1 & none ! less dire pov]ty ranges by its side1 :5 ! l& is n fully populat$ & yet ! numb] ( unemploy$ rea*es to ! millions4 ,i believe we c deal ) ^! d\bts & r5ts successfully1 if we w b set ourselves to ! great task z we h to ! trials & dang]s ( ! pa/4 ,b ! solution w tax to ! utmo/ all ! wisdom & c\rage & le>n+ t ! c\ntry c provide4 ,:at are our univ]sities1 ) _! lib]al education to play 9 ! hi/ory t is n[ mak+ & is /ill to be writt58 ,!y are ! cr[n & glory ( our civilization1 b !y c readily be set aside if !y fall out ( sympa?y ) ! va/ movem5ts ab\t !m4 ,i d n say :e!r !y %\ld seek to resi/ or to su/a9 or to guide & control ^! movem5ts4 ,b if !y w\ld n dry up & )] !y mu/ at lea/ und]/& !m4 8,a great univ]sity mu/ be 9 t\* ) ! _w ab\t x1 ) its hopes1 its passions1 its tr\bles1 & its /riv+s4 ,if x is n x mu/ be cont5t4 #8,= aye to be 9 ! %ady cloi/] mew$1 ,*ant+ fa9t hymns to ! cold1 fruitless moon4' 8,! univ]sity :i* pret5ds to give a lib]al education mu/ und]/& ! movem5ts ab\t x1 see :e!r ! great =ces are t5d+1 & ju/ify its exi/5ce by bre$+ m5 :o by its tea*+s are m able to r5d] ! s]vice :i* humanity is ev] seek+40 99 99 99 99 99 ,pr(essor ,fri$4 ,aug4 ,flckig] di$ on ,dec4 #aa1 #ahid1 at ,b]ne4 ,he 0 ! =emo/ ph>macognosi/ & sci5tific ph>maci/ ( 8 "t4 ,an ext5d$ acc\nt ( 8 life & works w appe> 9 a lat] issue ( ,,! ,,alumni ,,j\rnal4 ,,new ,,lit]ature4 ,read]s desir+ any ( ! works conta9$ 9 ?is li/ c obta9 !m ?r\gh ,b4 ,we/]man ,co41 #hab ,broadway1 ,gu/av ,e4 ,/e*]t1 #haj ,broadway1 or o!r =eign booksell]s4 ,bact]iology4 ,mikrophotographis*] ,atlas d] ,bakt]i5kunde4--,c4 ,fra5kel u4 ,r4 ,pfeiff]4 #b ,aufl4 #aa1 u4 #ab4 ,lfg4 ,b]l93 ,augu/ ,hirs*wald4 ,mikrophotographis*] ,atlas d] ,bakt]i5kunde4--,itzg]ott u4 ,niemann1 ,leipzig3 ,j4 ,a4 ,b>?4 ,botany4 ,beitrag zur ,k5ntniss d] ,be/&!ile von ,cnicus b5$ictus mit haupts*li*e ,b]cksi*tigung des d>9 en?alt55 bitt] s*meck5d5 ,korp]s4--,k>l ,s*w&]4 ,inaug4--,diss4 ,univ4 ,erlang54 ,an exam9ation ( ! con/itu5ts & p>ticul>ly ! bett] pr9ciple ( ,cnicus b5$ictus4 ,beitrag zur ,k5ntniss des ,bitt]/(fes von ,citrullus colocyn?is4--,rud4 ,speidel4 ,inaug4--,diss]t4 ,univ4 ,erlang54 ,weit]e ,beitrge zur ,*eimis*5 ,k5ntniss e9ig] ,be/&!ile aus ,secale cornutum4--,hans ,zeeh4 ,inaug4--,diss4 ,univ4 ,erlang54 ,ueb]si*t d] ,lei/ung5 auf dem ,gebiete d] ,botanik 9 ,russl& whr5d des ,jahres1 #ahib4--,zusamm5ge/ellt von ,a4 ,fam9tz9 u4 ,s4 ,kor%9sky unt] ,mitwirkung von ,&]]4 ,aus dem ,russ4 ub]s4 von ,f4 ,?4 ,kpp54 ,leipzig3 ,voss4 ,a review ( ! hi/ory & ev5ts 9 botanical works 9 ,russia dur+ #ahib4 ,atlas d] (fic9ell5 ,pflanz54--,a4 ,mey] u4 ,k4 ,s*umann4 #ahib-ahid4 ,leipzig3 ,a4 ,felix4 ,d>/ellung und ,bes*reibung d] 9 ,arzneibu*e fr das ,deuts*e ,rei* erwhnt5 ,gew*se4 ,zweite v]bess]te ,auflage von 8,d>/ellung und ,bes*reibung smmtli*] 9 d] ,ph>macopia ,borussica aufgefuhrt5 (fic9ell5 ,gew*se von ,o4 ,c4 ,b]g u4 ,c4 ,f4 ,s*midt40 ,*emi/ry4 ,a ,text-,book ( ,organic ,*emi/ry4--,a4 ,b]n?s54 ,translat$ by ,g4 ,m',g[an4 #b;d ,eng4 ,ed4 ,revis$ & ,ext5d$ by ! ,au?or & ,translator1 ,london3 ,blackie4 ,*emie mdicale4--,corps m9reaux4 ,corps organiques4 ,l4 ,g>ni]4 ,p>is3 ,rueff et ci4 ,nozioni di ,fisicia4 ,*imica e ,m9]logia ad ,uso delle ,scuole te*ni*e e delle ,prep>atorie alle ,normal4--,m4 ,borzone4 ,tor9o4 ,grundzge d] ma!matis*5 ,*emie4--,georg ,helm4 ,leipzig3 ,wm4 ,engelmann4 ,! au?or discusses ! trans=mation ( en]gy by reason ( *emical action4 ,kurzes ,repetitorium d] ,*emie4--#a4 ,!il ,anorganis*e ,*emie4 #b4 ,aufl4 ,ern/ ,bryk4 ,wi53 ,m4 ,breit5/e94 ,grundzge d] ,*emie und ,m9]alogie fr d5 ,unt]ri*t an ,mittels*ul54--,m4 ,za5g]le4 #c4 ,aufl4 ,mun*53 ,j4 ,l9dau]4 ,hygi5e4 ,text ,book ( ,hygi5e4--,g4 ,h4 ,rohe4 ,philadelphia3 ,f4 ,a4 ,davis ,co4 ,a compreh5sive treatise on ! pr9ciples & practice ( prev5tive m$ic9e f an ,am]ican /&po9t4 ,mat]ia ,m$ica4 ,organic ,mat]ia ,m$ica & ,ph>macognosy4 ,illu/rat$4 ,by ,pr(4 ,l4 ,e4 ,sayre3 ,p4 ,blaki/on ,co41 ,philadelphia4 ,9 ^! days ( deg5]ate rivalry among educational in/itutions1 & p>ticul>ly among ! diff]5t classes ( te*nical s*ools1 :5 _! (fic]s are wont to pref] ! v poore/ ( text-books1 writt5 by "o ( _! own numb]1 = ! be/ ( !m %\ld x emanate f a rival in/itution1 we h become accu/om$ to look+ ^u publications ( ?is sort z s]v+ m]ely1 l an electoral vote1 to c\nt "o among ! g5]al collection4 ,x c sc>cely be expect$ t text-books writt5 f su* /&po9ts & ) su* motives c h mu* p]man5t value1 & ! future educational hi/orian w d\btless look ) amazem5t ^u ! tra% ( ?is "* :i* has be5 br\ght to light dur+ ! pres5t era4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is we>isome tra9 ( ev5ts x is refre%+ to h pres5t$ to u a new text-book1 ^: publication con/itutes1 z to its ma9 "p1 a real ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ph>maceutical education4 ,pr(4 ,sayre's "w on ,ph>macognosy has a real reason = exi/5ce 9 its scope1 arrangem5t & execution4 ,x is new & orig9al1 & w /& by itself z a prom95t ,am]ican text-book4 ,if x possesses gl>+ & 9 "s respects fatal defects1 x at ! same "t pres5ts ! m]it ( +5uity 9 con/ruction z well z 9 ! selection ( subject matt]1 & x _c fail to become a mu*-us$ ref]5ce book1 n only by ! ph>maceutical pr(ession = :om x is int5d$ b by physicians z well4 ,x is p]haps un=tunate t s _m individuals1 & ne>ly all ( !m /ud5ts1 %\ld h be5 giv5 a free h& 9 ! work+ out ( ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts1 & t _! products h n be5 9 all cases p]fectly h>moniz$ by ! ma/]4 ,x is also un=tunate t s _m /atem5ts %\ld h be5 tak51 )\t inve/igation1 f o!r au?ors4 ,a brief scrut9y ( ! pages w suffice to reveal ?is composite orig91 ev5 if "o does n read ! ackn[l$gm5ts ( ! au?or 9 8 preface4 ,d\btless ,pr(4 ,sayre1 :ile he has n greatly int]f]$ ) ! individuality ( pres5tation ( ^! diff]5t subjects1 has tak5 pa9s to v]ify ! accuracy ( ! facts & conclusions record$4 ,%\ld su* prove ^u clos] inve/igation to be ! case1 ! defect ref]r$ to mu/ d\btless be consid]$ z "o ( /yle m]ely4 ,! appe>ance ( an ,am]ican "w on ,ph>macognosy is ( s mu* importance t x is n inappropriate t x be analyz$ ) "s degree ( fulness4 ,! book consi/s ( two p>ts ) ?ree app5dices4 ,"p #a is on 8,ph>macal ,botany10 :ile "p #b is ^u 8,organic ,mat]ia ,m$ica & ,ph>macognosy40 ,x is impossible to review ?is "w fairly 9 ! int]e/ ( ! public z well z ( ! au?or )\t record+ ! op9ion t ! eighty-two pages compris+ ,"p #a %\ld nev] h be5 publi%$1 if we reg>d ei!r ! reputation ( ! au?or or ! welf>e ( /ud5ts ( ph>macy4 ,our ,am]ican text-books on ,ph>maceutical ,botany1 7n 8,ph>macal ,botany10 z ! au?or unhappily calls x1 :i* w\ld mean ! ,botany ( ! ,ph>macy1 or ( ! place 9 :i* ph>maceutics are practic$17 be>s no evid5ce t any au?or has yet compreh5d$ ! ne$s ( ph>maceutical /ud5ts 9 ?is direction1 or has adju/$ 8 in/ruction s z to accompli% ! object = :i* x 0 devis$4 ,! idea inv>iably indicat$ by ! writ+s1 ev5 if n int5d$ by ! writ]s1 is t z ! application ( botanical k to ! practice ( ! ph>macy is limit$1 its tea*+s may !re=e be sup]ficial1 indef9ite & vague4 ,! true idea x seems to u is1 t x %\ld be curtail$ & limit$ only z to ! portions ( ! field cov]$2 b ^! requisite portions %\ld be taught ) a fulness ( illu/ration1 a cle>ness ( pres5tation & a simplicity ( /yle1 all ! m m>k$ because ! /ud5t is depriv$ ( ! enlight5+ effect contribut$ 9 o!r cases by ^? portions :i* are "h necess>ily omitt$4 ,z a synopsis1 or summ>y ( k1 int5d$ to guide ! tea*] in/ruct$ 9 ! subject1 ^! eighty-two pages w answ] fairly well2 b to enable a /ud5t :o is proce$+ de novo to ga9 a k ( /ructural botany = ! purposes ( ph>macognosy1 we c see no?+ b failure4 ,h]e9 we criticise ! book1 n specifically ! au?or4 ,publi%]s' books are n always au?ors' books4 ,x is d\btful if any publi%] c be f\nd will+ to publi% z a bus9ess ent]prise1 a p]fect text-book ( ,botany = ph>maceutical /ud5ts4 ,:5 su* appe>s1 x w be z a labor ( love1 by "o ^: reg>d = ! subject is su* z to lead him to donate 8 "t & labor1 & ^: means enable him to be> ! burd5 ( a f9ancially unsuccessful ent]prise4 ,! "p ( ! "w "u criticism is a m]e s]ies ( def9itions1 illu/rat$ 9 a highly unsuccessful mann]1 & frequ5tly los+ sight ( ! requirem5t t a def9ition mu/ include ! :ole ( ! ?+ def9$ & no?+ else4 ,x is v naive to say3 8,all organic matt] conta9+ a gre5 color+ matt] call$ *lorophyl1 belongs to ! vegetable k+dom10 )\t directly /at+ t no o!r class does1 :i* /atem5t w\ld leave out ! fungi1 a "p ( ! def9ition ( :i* is t !y conta9 no su* matt]4 ,to def9e ,morphology z treat+--8,( ! organs ( plants & _! relations to ea* o!r10 is n to def9e x at all1 z t w\ld include ! :ole ( ,organography1 & does n ev5 exclude ,physiology1 except by virtue ( ! au?or's prec$+ clause4 ,sy/ematic botany1 def9$ z 8,t division :i* treats ( ! arrangem5t & classification ( plants10 does n sugge/ ! vital *>act]i/ics ( t subject4 ,x w\ld be m philosophical to ref] to ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( ,phan]ogams z ! mann] 9 :i* ! embryo is produc$ )9 a true se$1 ?an to intimate t ! embryo is entirely =eign to cryptogamic reproduction4 ,^! def9itions1 tak5 f less ?an two pages ( matt]1 indicate to our m9d a lack ( ! exp5diture ( "t requisite to br+ =? a set ( new def9itions m p]fectly 9 accord ) ! fulle/ k ( to-day ?an any li/ :i* has yet appe>$2 & yet :5 ! in/ruction giv5 9 a new text-book is *iefly limit$ to def9itions1 t is ! v lea/ t %\ld h be5 attempt$4 ,"s ( ! morphological def9itions are actually at v>iance ) accurate descriptive usage1 z t ( prim>y & second>y roots1 duration1 etc4 ,to call a /em an 8axis0 & a root an 8axis0 ( a diff]5t k9d1 is to p]petuate a t]m at ! exp5se ( all reg>d = t accuracy :i* is ! mo/ important elem5t ( sci5tific language4 ,su* subjects z v5ation are ( prime importance to ! ph>maci/1 & s f> f re/rict+ ! tea*+s to sev]al ( ! m important t]ms pres5t$ 9 ord9>y text-books on botany1 ! classification %\ld be elaborat$ 9 its fulle/ details4 ,comp>e ! def9ition ( classes1 z 8,plants resembl+ "o ano!r 9 "s gr& lead+ feature10 & ( ord]s or families1 z 8,plants t v closely resemble ea* o!r 9 "s lead+ p>ticul>10 ) ! cle> pres5tation ( ranks 9 class *>act]i/ics1 giv5 by ,agassiz a g5]ation ago1 & :i* %\ld1 if any?+1 h be5 improv$ ^u 9 ! light ( mod]n k & p]fect$ usage4 ,! subject ( nom5clature1 ! rec5t agitation ( :i* has done m to expose & %att] errone\s practices 9 sci5tific ?\ght & cu/om ?an any o!r influ5ce1 & ^: correct appreh5sion is ! v corn]-/one ( ph>macopial def9ition1 we d n see any:]e treat$4 ,x is a pleasure to turn f a contemplation s depress+ to ! spirits ( "o :o has labor$ hopefully = ye>s to secure a j & rational treatm5t ( 8 favorite /udy at ! h&s ( ,ph>maceutical educators1 to ,"p ,,ii4 ( ,pr(4 ,sayre's book1 a "w s bright & practical1 s replete ) new & helpful ideas 9 ! tea*+ ( practical ,ph>macognosy1 & s full ( in=mation1 bo? /&>d & exceptional1 ?\gh unhappily m>r$ by _m errors1 z to secure = x at once a prom95t place ^u ! %elves ( ! 8,h&y ,book ,case40 ,! pr9ciple is "h adh]$ to ( mak+ a s+le volume d duty z a text-book ( ,ph>macognosy & ( 8,mat]ia ,m$ica10 z ! latt] t]m is commonly us$4 ,we h nev] look$ ^u ?is me?od z be+ practicable1 b ,pr(4 ,sayre resorts to a mo/ +5i\s device nev] be=e resort$ to1 by :i* x mu/ be admitt$ t bett] results h be5 obta9$ ?an h previ\sly be5 rea*$4 ,:at might be call$ a 8,ph>macogno/ical ,key10 or a synopsis ( ,ph>macognosy1 is pres5t$ sep>ately 9 advance ( ! ma9 body ( ,"p ,,ii4 ,"h ! drugs are numb]$ to correspond ) ! consecutive numb]+ prom95tly display$ "u ! second arrangem5t1 t by natural ord]s1 ! prop] me?od = reta9+ & display+ ! natural relation%ips ( active con/itu5ts & m$ic9al prop]ties4 ,! 8,ph>macogno/ical ,key0 appe>s to u a failure 9 its practical work+s1 ow+ to indef9ite *>act]ization1 by ref]5ce to ta/e only ( ! head+s4 ,if a drug is bo? bitt] & aromatic1 we h to look = x bo? 9 ,class ,i4 & ,class ,,iii4 ,a bifurcat+ key is "h requir$1 or bett]1 we might take a comb9ation ( *>act]s = ea* head+4 ,on ! :ole1 ?is key1 :ile elaborate & v full1 & subject to great improvem5t by a few trifl+ *anges1 we mu/ reg>d z inf]ior to t ( ,mais*'s text-book4 ,pr(4 ,sayre v s5sibly omits all attempt to classify volatile oils1 except by indicat+ _! s\rces4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! matt] ( ! second "p is1 fir/1 a brief description ( ! ord9al *>act]s1 foll[$ by a li/ ( ! drugs belong+ to t ord]1 ^? (ficial 9 heavy-fac$ capitals2 !n ! drugs are tak5 up sep>ately1 ! (ficial names & synonyms 9 ! important languages pres5t$1 ! def9ition1 botanical *>act]i/ics1 s\rces1 relat$1 & simil> articles1 description ( drugs1 ) ! m important *>act]s pr9t$ 9 heavi] type1 accompani$ g5]ally by a picture ( ! plant & ( ! drug1 gross & /ructural1 important con/itu5ts1 actions & uses1 & a synopsis ( ! (ficial prep>ations4 ,! doses ( ! drugs are giv51 b n ( ! prep>ations1 ?\gh ! /r5g?s ( ! latt] are /at$4 ,an un=tunate feature1 z 9 ,"p ,i41 is ! illu/rations4 ,!y are n at all uni=m 9 effect4 ,:ile ! me?od foll[$ has giv5 exceptionally good results 9 "s cases1 yet 9 _m o!rs !y are v unsatisfactory1 & ?is is m p>ticul>ly true f a sci5tific ?an f an arti/ic po9t ( view4 ,valuable a contribution z is ,"p ,,ii41 !re is an evid5t unfamili>ity )1 or disreg>d (1 ! comm]cial aspects ( drugs4 ,= in/ance1 ! important di/9ctions betwe5 ,cassia v]a & ,c4 lignea1 & ! subject ( ,batavian ,cassia1 a correct und]/&+ ( :i* is a great aid 9 ! economy ( ! drug /ore1 are entirely omitt$4 ,! di/9ctions betwe5 ,coto & ,p>acoto are n cle>1 & 9 ! facts conc]n+ comm]cial occurr5ce are rev]s$4 ,mace is n1 z describ$1 a 8membrane10 nei!r does x 8inve/ ! k]nel40 ,moreov]1 no?+ is said ab\t ,wild ,mace1 n[ s ext5sively us$ z an adult]ant t x is possible t x con/itutes ! l>g] "p ( comm]cial ,mace4 8,r$di% br[n0 boldo leaves are old & wor?less4 ,! description ( ,pip] longum is only p>tly true1 accord+ to ! v>iety "u consid]ation1 & ! individual p>ts are n 8b]ries40 ,! "p rubb$ (f f ,pip] album is n correctly describ$ z an 8epid]mis40 ,! important *>act]i/ics di/+ui%+ true f false cubebs is n giv54 ,app5dix 8,a0 is a valuable contribution on ! subject ( insects injuri\s to drugs4 ,app5dix 8,b0 is no less important1 x be+ an acc\nt ( ! contributions ( organic *emi/ry to mat]ia m$ica4 ,app5dix 8,c0 treats ( 8,ph>macal ,microscopy0 9 su* a fragm5t>y & sup]ficial way t x w sc>cely be f\nd ( s]vice to any "o 9 ^! days4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,rusby4 ,ph>macy4 ,e9fhrung 9 die ,maassanalyse4--,m4 ,vog!rr4 ,fr junge ,ph>maceut5 zum ,unt]ri*t und zum ,selb//udium4 ,unt] ,b]cksi*tigung des ,arzneibu*es fr das deuts*e ,rei* und d] ,ergnzung desselb5 dur* die /ndige ,commission fr die ,be>beitung dieses ,arzneibu*es4 #b4 ,aufl4 ,newi$3 ,heus]'s ,v]lag4 ,ph>maceutisk ,ha&boog = #ahie4--;,e4 ,p4 ,f4 ,pet]son4 ,kjob5hav53 ,f4 ,ho/ ,sons4 ,photo-,micrography4 ,see also ,bact]iology4 ,photo-,micrography4--,h4 van ,heurick4 ,eng4 ,ed4 ,re-edit$ & augm5t$ by ! au?or f ! #d? ,fr5* edition & translat$ by ,wynne ,e4 ,baxt]4 ,) ,illus4 ,london3 ,crosby1 ,lockwood ,son4 ,photography4 ,deuts*es ,photograph5 ,kal5d]4--,k4 ,s*wi]4 ,tas*5bu* und ,almana* fr #ahie4 #ad4 ,jahr ,weim>4 ,physics4 ,manual ( ,physico-,*emical ,measurem5ts4--,w4 ,o/wald4 ,translat$ by ,james ,walk]4 ,london & ,new ,york3 ,macmillan4 ,a ,laboratory ,manual ( ,physics & ,appli$ ,electricity4--,e4 ,l4 ,ni*ols4 #b vols4 ,london & ,new ,york3 ,macmillan4 ,anfangsgrnde d] ,physik mit ,e9s*luss d] ,*emie und ,ma!matis*5 ,geographie4--,k4 ,koppe4 #bj4 ,aufl4 ,ausgabe ,b 9 #b ,lehrgng54 ,fr h"h ,lehran/alt5 na* d5 preuss4 ,lehrpln5 von #ahib4 ,be>beitet von ,a4 ,husmann4 ,,ii4 ,?43 ,hauptlehrgang4 ,ess53 ,g4 ,d4 ,ba$ek]4 ,elem5ti di ,fisica ad ,uso delle ,scuole second>ie4--,f4 ,c9tolesi4 ,livorno4 ,!rmo ,dynamics treat$ ) ,elem5t>y ,ma!matics4--,j4 ,p>lseo4 ,london3 ,s4 ,l[ ,co4 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,rec5t ,,"w4 ,a ,seidlitz ,p[d]4--,a4 ,gunn made an exam9ation ( "s p[d]s & f\nd ! blue p[d] to consi/ ( magnesium sulphate & sodium bic>bonate4 ,! :ite p[d] consi/$ ( t>t>ic acid4 ,evid5tly !re _h be5 a mi/ake or else x 0 a bold attempt to cope ) ! cutt+ sy/em & its *eap prices4 ,"o wond]s t ! mak]s %\ld expect ! unusual effect ( try+ to dissolve ! cont5ts ( ! blue pap] to pass unnotic$4--,ph>m4 ,j\r4 ,trans41 #ahid1 #ecd4 ,o9tm5t ( ,m]curic ,nitrate4--,c4 ,h4 ,la ,wall 7,am]4 ,j\r4 ,ph>m41 #ahid1 #ebe74 ,! foll[+ fats h be5 sugge/$ z a sub/itute = ! l>d oil3 ,neatsfoot oil1 l>d1 butt]1 peanut oil1 almond oil1 ca/] oil1 palm oil1 be>'s oil1 ox m>r[1 beef suet1 /e>ic acid1 petrolatum1 & almo/ all ( ! o!r fats f ! animal & ! vegetable k+doms1 & ev5 "o f ! m9]al k+dom1 appe> to h be5 exp]im5t$ ) 9 ! va9 hope ( f9d+ "s fat or oil :i* w\ld make a good & durable o9tm5t4 ,sev]al writ]s h tak5 ano!r c\rse & h tri$ to pres]ve ! products obta9$ f =m] processes4 ,"o advises keep+ ! o9tm5t 9 a j> & cov]+ x ) a lay] ( glyc]9 to prev5t oxidation2 o!rs h tri$ ! addition ( camphor2 /ill o!rs h giv5 _! att5tion to ! m]curial portion ( ! o9tm5t1 & sugge/ mak+ ! nitrate f ! oxide ( m]cury in/ead ( mak+ x f ! metal4 ,"s h ev5 be5 skeptical z to ! reliability ( any process1 b ^? :o h approximat$ ! tru? m ne>ly are !y :o advise c>eful manipulation1 especially z reg>ds temp]ature4 ,! au?or employs ! (ficial +r$i5ts & quantities & heats ! l>d oil to #ajj ,c41 removes heat1 & adds ! nitric acid )\t /irr+ & reapplies heat :5 eff]vesc5ce ceases until all gas is expell$4 ,x is be/ to use a vessel ( six times ! capacity ( ! quantity to be made to all[ = ! copi\s eff]vesc5ce :i* takes place4 ,:5 ! =ego+ mixture has cool$ to #dj ,c41 ! solution ( m]curic nitrate is add$ & ! temp]ature is rais$ gradually to #fj ,c41 & ma9ta9$ until no fur!r evolution ( gas is notic$4 ,if x is !n agitat$ until cold1 z usual1 ! result+ product w comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ! ,ph>macopia4 ,o9tm5t made by ! ,u4 ,s4 ,p4 me?od1 :i* has become spongy1 may be rem$i$ by elevat+ ! temp]ature to #fj ,c4 & cool+ ) agitation4 ,typical ,bacilli4--,e4 ,kle9 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,micros4 ,sci41 #ahid1 #a-i 7#a pl7 concludes f obs]vations on ! bacilli ( an?rax diph!ria1 & tub]cle1 t ^! species are n su* typical bacilli z !y are usually repres5t$ to be4 ,= ?\gh "u _m conditions _! morphological *>act]s are ^? ( typical bacilli1 yet "u o!rs !y rev]t to or assume =ms indicat+ _! relation%ip to ,sac*>omyces or a /ill high] mycelia fungus4 ,9 ! case ( an?rax1 ! typical bacilli may be repres5t$ by oval & sph]ical bodies1 "s ( :i* may conta9 vacuoles1 & "u conditions 7e>ly /ages ( gr[? on plates compos$ ( beef b\illon1 gelat9 #aj p] c5t41 pepton #a p] c5t41 salt #a p] c5t471 ! colonies are compos$ ( l>ge sp9dle-%ap$1 sph]ical or oval elem5ts 9 :i* vacuolation is frequ5t4 ,simil> appe>ances are to be obs]v$ 9 colonies ( ! ?ru% fungus4 ,f ?is x is inf]r$ t :ile ,b4 an?racis is a typical bacillus z a pa?og5ic microbe1 yet 9 its e>ly /ages ( gr[? on gelat9 x may assume *>act]s hav+ mu* resemblance to ,sac*>omyces mycod]ma or ,oidium & ?us return tempor>ily to an atavi/ic /age 9 its evolution>y hi/ory4 ,) reg>d to ,b4 diph!ri ! au?or po9ts out t ! club-%ap$ expansions ( "o or bo? ends are n to be reg>d$ z due to involution1 = bo? "u natural & artificial conditions :]e !re is active gr[? ^! expansions w be f\nd1 & h moreov] a /rik+ resemblance to ! ends ( gr[+ hyph4 ,_! exi/5ce1 !re=e1 is only to be expla9$ by _! repres5t+ a relation%ip to a mycelial fungus4 ,9 ! case ( ! tub]cle bacilli1 prep>ations n unfrequ5tly %[ ?reads or filam5ts compos$ ( unequal elem5ts1 "s ( !m be+ conspicu\s = knob-%ap$ expansions1 simil> to ^? ( diph!ria4 ,su* appe>ances occur n only 9 sputum b 9 artificial cultivations e4g4 glyc]9 ag> aft] "s weeks incubation at #cg4 ,all ^! prep>ations behave 9 ! same way z ,b4 tub]culosis :5 treat$ ) appropriate /a9+ reag5ts2 & t !y are n involution =ms is evid5t1 z ! unbran*$ nature ( ! filam5ts & ! exi/5ce ( lat]al bulg+s prove t !y are 9 an active condition ( gr[?4 ,lysid94--,lad5burg describes a comp\nd obta9$ 9 ! /ate ( hydro*loride by heat+ e?yl5e diam5e hypo*loride ) sodium acetate4 ,! composition ( ! freebase is ,c,h,n & is t]m$ lysid94 ,! aquems solutions dissolve uric acid & ! application ( lysid9 9 ! treatm5t ( diseases aris+ f ! secretion ( uric acid is be+ inve/igat$4 ,grawitz describes x z a cry/all9e body ( a light r$ color1 readily soluble 9 wat] & possesses a peculi> ta/e4 ,x is adm9i/]$ 9 doses f #ae to #hj gra9s daily1 dissolv$ 9 c>bonic acid-wat]4--,deuts*e m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 #ahid1 #ghf4 ,gase\s ,=maldehyde4--,r4 ,cambi] & ,a4 ,bro*et prep>e ?is aldehyde = dis9fection 9 two ways3 #a4 ,by ! depolym]ization ( trioxyme?yl5e by heat1 &1 #b4 ,direct production by ! incomplete combu/ion ( me?ylic alcohol4 ,=maldehyde possesses antiseptic prop]ties only :5 x is 9 ! condition ( a gas4 ,on cool+1 ord9>ily1 x is spontane\sly polym]iz$ to an in]t solid4 ,if x is all[$ to cool1 9 ! pres5ce ( mu* air ?is process does n take place & h5ce ! =maldehyde reta9s its bact]icidal prop]ties4 ,exp]im5ts made at ! bact]iological laboratory ( ,monts\ris h enabl$ ! au?ors to /]ilize ! ord9>y du/ ( rooms z well z cultivations ( v>i\s pa?og5ic micro-organisms4--,compt4 ,r5d41 #ahid1 ,no4 #ae4 ,,notes ,,"h ,,& ,,!re4 ,soda ,wat]4--,9 ,byron's 8,don ,juan0 we f9d ! foll[+ 9 ,canto ,,ii41 #ha1 #ahf3 ,r+ = y\r valet--bid him quickly br+ ,"s hock & soda wat]1 !n y'll "k ,a pleasure wor?y ,x]xes1 ! great k+2 ,= n ! be/ %]bet sublim$ ) sn[1 ,nor ! fir/ sp>kle ( ! des]t spr+1 ,nor ,burgundy1 9 all its sunset gl[1 ,aft] long travel1 ennui1 love or slaught]1 ,vie ) t draught ( hock & soda wat]4 ,! ,ess5ce ( ,rose ,indu/ry 9 ,turkey4--,! ,bullet9 du ,muse ,comm]cial1 9 its issue = ,septemb] #a/1 /ates t ! ess5ce ( rose indu/ry 9 ,turkey1 :i* 0 until q rec5tly "o ( ! pr9cipal res\rces ( ,ea/]n ,r\melia & ! pr9cipality ( ,bulg>ia1 has )9 ! la/ few ye>s %[n a decid$ decl9e1 ! fall+ be+ ! quantities & values ( ! exports dur+ t p]iod3--#ahhi1 #b1gfg kilos41 valu$ at #a1edb1edd francs2 #ahij1 #c1afc kilos41 valu$ at #a1gga1dbg francs2 #ahia1 #ecd kilos41 valu$ at #cag1icg francs2 #ahib1 #dci kilos41 valu$ at #bfg1cgi francs4 ,9 #ahic ! value ( ! exports 0 only #adc1ahe francs4 ,?is decl9e is due l>gely to ! fact t 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 & 9 sev]al o!r places 9 ,turkey besides ,r\melia a developm5t has tak5 place 9 ! gr[+ ( roses1 s z to provide to "s ext5t = ! requirem5ts ( consumption 9 ^! places4--,brit4 & ,col4 ,drug41 #ahid1 #dba4 ,alumni ,association4 ,m9utes ( ! ,executive ,bo>d meet+ held ,janu>y #i1 #ahie4 ,! meet+ 0 call$ to ord] at ab\t #h4cj ,p4 ,m4 by ! ,presid5t4 ,!re 7 pres5t ,miss ,k4 ,c4 ,maheg9 & ! ,messrs4 ,graes]1 ,h5n+1 ,ehrgott & ,hoburg4 ,on motion1 ! read+ ( ! ,m9utes ( ! la/ ,executive ,bo>d meet+ 0 disp5s$ )4 ,reports ( ,committees3 ,! ,lett]-,box ,committee report$ progress1 & t ! 8box0 w be up 9 a few days4 ,motion made & second$ t ! ,alumni ,room ,furni%+ ,committee be dis*>g$ ) ! he>tfelt ?anks ( ! association1 & t ! ,secret>y notify ! *airman ( said committee1 ,mr4 ,hoh5?al1 ( ?is action4 ,motion c>ri$4 ,! report ( ! ,treasur] 0 v satisfactory1 & 0 =?) adopt$4 ,! bus9ess manag] ( ! ,,j\rnal report$ x z be+ 9 a v fl\ri%+ condition1 :i* reassur+ report 0 gladly adopt$4 ,aft] hav+ duly notifi$ ! foll[+ g5tlem51 !y 7 to-night dropp$ f memb]%ip 9 ! ,alumni ,association1 a motion1 :i* 0 second$ & c>ri$ hav+ be5 made to t effect1 & t ! ,secret>y reque/ ! return ( _! c]tificates ( memb]%ip1 accord+ to a clause 9 our ,con/itution to t effect4 ,^! g5tlem5 are ,messrs4 ,george ,w4 ,sn$ek]1 ,a4 ,zimm]man & ,a4 ,t4 ,hal/$4 ,! resignation ( ,w4 ,m4 ,rhe9eck 0 rec5tly receiv$1 & s9ce he gave suffici5t reason = s do+1 8 resignation 0 accept$ ) regrets4 ,! resignation ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,h5n+ z ,bus9ess ,manag] ( ! ,,j\rnal 0 also h&$ 9 ?is ev5+1 & "u ! exi/+ circum/ances x _h to be accept$1 ) ! s9c]e/ regrets ( ! association4 ,x 0 !n regul>ly mov$ & second$ t ! sal>y ( ! editor ( ,,! ,,alumni ,,j\rnal be increas$ on acc\nt ( ?ree extra issues ( ! ,,j\rnal p] annum4 ,aft] a v int]e/+ discussion ( important bus9ess = an h\r or s1 ! meet+ came to a pleasant t]m9ation4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,hoburg1 ,jr41 ,sec'y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ li/ ( names are ( p]sons :o h *ang$ _! addresses & consequ5tly ! ,treasur] ( ,,! ,,alumni ,,j\rnal is unable to supply !m ) ! in=mation t !y are entitl$ to4 ,if ^! p]sons or any "o kn[+ ( _! addresses w communicate ) ,mr4 ,a4 ,h5n+1 ?is end w be atta9$3 ,adam ,vogt1 #ghg #h? av5ue1 city2 ,a4 ,levy1 #abe ,gr& /reet1 city2 ,g4 ,j4 ,wol/on1 ,cortl&1 ,cortl& ,co41 ,n4 ,y42 ,h4 ,w4 ,walp1 #ecf #e? av5ue1 city2 ,gu/av ,katz1 ,l5ox av5ue & #abe? /reet1 city2 ,alfr$ ,mill]1 #ecg #i? av5ue1 city2 ,fr$4 ,t4 ,h>tman1 #gjc #c;d av5ue1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y42 ,?os4 ,h4 ,mc,donald1 ,cairo1 ,ill42 ,a4 ,j4 ,van d] ,b]gh1 #bac #f? av5ue1 city2 ,c4 ,e4 ,w4 ,lew91 #ajf #b;d av5ue1 city2 ,emil ,?4 ,f4 ,hol?us51 #bj ,rutg] /reet1 city2 ,emil ,bu*l]1 #ajj ,/4 ,m>ks ,place1 city2 ,frank ,k4 ,burr1 #hba #g? av5ue1 city2 ,a4 ,w4 ,mos*[itz1 #ajii ,broadway1 city2 ,l4 ,d4 ,huntoon1 ,port ,oram1 ,n4 ,j42 ,*as4 ,e4 ,/amml]1 #agb ,v>ick /reet1 city2 ,*as4 ,h4 ,ev]e/1 #bg ,we/ #cd? /reet1 city2 ,edw>d ,/one1 #aeja ,broadway1 city2 ,fr$4 ,peit]1 #cja #c;d av5ue1 city2 ,major ,c4 ,br[n1 #hgd ,broadway1 city2 ,l\is ,hess1 ,scranton1 ,pa42 ,a4 ,zimm]man1 #efa #e? av5ue1 city2 ,otto ,c4 ,b4 ,gro91 ,d5v]1 ,col42 ,jacobo ,alv>ado1 ,paso del ,norte1 ,mexico2 ,g4 ,s4 ,badg]1 #eb ,ea/ #db;d /reet1 city2 ,frank ,a4 ,m4 ,s*leiff1 #bdb ,ea/ #bg? /reet1 city4 99 99 99 99 99 8,we'll le>n ! p]fect skill1 ,! nature ( ea* h]b to "k1 ,:i* cures & :i* c kill40 ,college ,notes4 ,,m>ri$4--,smi? ,ely ,jelliffe1 ,m4 ,d41 to ,hel5a ,dewey ,leem+1 bo? ( ,brooklyn1 by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,kelsay1 ( ,brooklyn1 assi/$ by ,rev4 ,t4 ,la,fleur1 ( ,montreal1 ,?ursday1 ,dec4 #bj?1 #ahid4 ,9 ! #f? ,ave4 ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 ,brooklyn1 at #h ,p4 ,m4 '#id ,,notes4 ,apropos ( ! ,new ,ye>1 x is seem+ly prop] t we %\ld endeavor to surpass our =m] records by c>ry+ out su* resolutions t we may deem prop] bo? = ! welf>e ( ourselves & ! gratification ( our associates4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ,i ?9k "o ( ! mo/ important resolutions %\ld reg>d ! memory ( our ,alma ,mat]4 ,!re=e let me sugge/ t ! bonds ( fri5d%ip t h hi!rto exi/$1 be n ca/ asund]1 b on ! contr>y1 be m tightly /r5g!n$4 ,let u 9 ! /rife & turmoil ( comm]cial life1 pause1 if b = a mom5t & ?9k ( ! pleasant days sp5t at college1 ! recollections ( :i* n ev5 "t c efface f our memories4 ,to enable u c>ry out ?is resolution1 our ,alumni ,association has ext5d$ _! *>act]i/ic hospitality by invit+ u to _! mon?ly lectures1 !re=e :y %\ld we n %[ our appreciation ( _! k9dly feel+1 by tak+ advantage ( ! opportunity1 & ?us n only s]v+ to fur!r make ^! meet+s en?usia/ic & successful ones1 b also demon/rat+ to our frat]nal fri5ds t sociability is n a lo/ art among u4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ex-,,secy4 ,,inh(f is at pres5t 9 ,colorado seek+ ! high altitude ( ! ,rocky ,mts4 z a sub/itute = ! _m panaceas1 usually recomm5d$ = obesity4 ,la/ reports 7 to ! effect t ! trip 0 n tak5 9 va94 99 99 99 99 99 ,despite ! prevail+ ra9 & cold w9ds1 _m ( our 8,gild$ ,ph>maci/s0 brav$ ! elem5ts 9 ord] to h ,pr(4 ,haubold give !m a few 8po9t]s0 on dige/ion4 ,x is ne$less to say t !y 7 lib]ally rew>d$1 =1 :o w\ld n enjoy ! pleasure ( an 8,iod9e ,s&wi* ) a te/ tube ( g5u9e pancreatic juice on ! side10 h&$ him1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! latt] 0 ! self-sacrifice ( a w&]+ specie ( can9e4 ,our class 0 repres5t$ by ,messrs4 ,race1 ,burg]1 ,ely1 ,hut*9son1 ,/ruck1 ,pond1 ,kru$]1 ,katz1 ,wur?iman & ,/oez]1 :o did ju/ice to our famili>4 ,p5to6 ,meta6 ,boraci6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ex-,,sec',y ,,l9nig has be5 advis$ by 8 physician to dr9k no m wat] z its reaction on 8 ca/ iron con/itution might result 9 an incru/ation commonly kn[n z ,ru/4 ,,mose ,,katz z bright & jovial z ev] is /ill ) ,messrs4 ,j4 ,n4 ,hegeman ,co41 #c;d ,ave4 & #ca/ ,/4 ,he anticipates be+ pres5t at mo/ if n all ( ! ,alumni lectures ?is w9t]4 ,,fr$ ,,hiltz left = ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 a few weeks ago4 ,he anticipates ent]+ ! ,m$ical ,univ]sity ( t city next ye>2 subsequ5tly he w f9i% 9 ! ,p4 & ,s4 ,college1 ?is city "u ! guidance ( ,h>ry ,w4 ,c>t]1 ,ph4 ,d41 ,a4 ,m41 ( ,brooklyn4 ,,john ,p4 ,,wilcox is locat$ 9 ,pla9field1 ,n4 ,j4 ,"o ( our mo/ successful graduates is ,,aug4 ,w4 ,,brat]1 :o toge!r ) 8 bro!r is conduct+ a cosy ph>macy on ,p>k ,ave41 cor4 #gf? ,/4 ,brat] is z en]getic z ev] & devotes no little "t 9 mak+ an exquisite w9d[ display1 :i* is ! admiration ( ! neighborhood's fair ones4 ,,ar?ur ,,ba/$o is inde$ q a g5ius1 = besides att5d+ to 8 duties ) ,caswell ,massy1 he has f\nd suffici5t "t to dissect sev]al times a week at ! ,p4 & ,s4 ,college1 :i* w be an advantage to him :5 he comm5ces ! /udy ( m$ic9e4 ,ar?ur has also jo9$ ! ,alumni ,association & is su* an active memb] t he may be f\nd at all _! meet+s4 ,?r\gh ! endeavors ( ,j4 ,,rem+ton ,,wood 7) a little bun* ( :isk]s on 8 *971 we hope to h a reunion d9n] be=e comm5cem5t4 ,8 success on =m] committees ( ?is k9d gives u e confid5ce ( 8 ability to make su* an occasion a success at ?is "t4 ,,?os4 ,e4 ,,davies is hospital /ew>d ( ! ,eigh? ,battalion1 ,n4 ,g4 ,s4 ,n4 ,y41 & a q popul> "o too4 ,at _! receptions & drills ! ,r$ ,cross ( 8 uni=m is always conspicu\s4 ,he sp5t two weeks 9 ,/ate camp dur+ ! summ]1 ( :i* 8 rem9isc5ces are _m z well z int]e/+4 ,mr4 ,davies has j met ) a sev]e loss 9 ! dea? ( 8 ,fa!r4 ,,nelson ,s4 ,,kirk1 ,,ph4 ,g41 #i ,e4 #ei? ,/4 ,s5ior ,class ,notes4 ,d4 ,m4 ,,wells on return+ home "o ev5+ f\nd 8 room 9 a some:at disjo9t$ condition4 ,! b$ 0 tak5 ap>t1 pill[s tack$ to ! wall1 & books1 clo!s1 ladies' photos & old susp5d]s heap$ up 9 arti/ic fa%ion on ! floor4 ,he ?\ght ! place 0 /ruck by lightn+1 b 0 in=m$ t x 0 ! "w ( a c\ple ( fri5ds :o _h call$ to see him4 ,! s]vant girl has a gun load$4 ,s bew>e1 ,cooley4 ,wells says home com+ is n pleasant :5 y h to climb ?r\gh ! transom to get into y\r room4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ! ,johnson ,johnson excursion ,br[n is go+ to h 8 :isk]s trimm$1 ,manville is hav+ 8 voice sc\r$2 ,joe is go+ to we> 8 new :ite hat2 ,gif=d is go+ to h 8 hair cut s z to disguise himself2 ,morse & 8 extra eyes w be !re too2 ,cl>ey says ,i am go+ if my fair "o does too4 ,?um is go+ to h 8 tr\s]s press$ & 8 hair bang$4 ,%]man is go+ to put glucose on 8 mu/a*e to swap = cold sores4 ,cooley says1 no1 ?anks1 ,i h _h ! grip twice ?is ye>3 no cold sores 9 m9e4 ,dalton is go+ to try & keep awake dur+ ! entire trip4 ,! ?+s :i* are tr\bl+ ! /ud5ts3 ,fir/--,is ,new ,brunswick a prohibition t[n8 ,second--,is !re to be any acts betwe5 ! dr9ks8 ,?ird--,h[ _m slices ( ham betwe5 ,new ,brunswick s&wi*es8 ,messrs4 ,/eih5]1 ,s*>nibon & ,ko]b] h be5 appo9t$ by section "o a committee to furni% sau] kraut = t section :ile on ! excursion4 ,all ! boys !y w be !re1 ,v&]beck w comb 8 hair1 ,kneup] w flirt ) ! ladies sweet1 ,:ile ,f]guson cries1 :5 d we eat8 ,rob]ts w br+ 9 8 tamb\r9e1 ,watl+ w s+ :5 he is n se52 ,bricks w be plac$ 9 easy rea* ,9 case he is discov]$ mak+ su* a brea*4 ,flick w make a ma% ,i am sure1 ,:ile on t pla/] hunt+ t\r3 ,= :o c\ld resi/ su* *>m+ eyes1 ,:5 on !m ,flicky only tries4 ,bo5ke w give a song & dance1 ,mc,clellan w g quietly (f 9 a trance1 ,! ,heffley boys w sp9 "s jokes1 ,:i* are rivals 9 age ( ! mighty ,oaks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,h4 ,e4 ,,cooley1 :o _h a slight attack ( ! grip1 is ar\nd aga9 to ! rejoic+ ( 8 _m fri5ds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! action ( ! class 9 requir+ its c&idates = ,val$ictorian to ent] a speak+ conte/ to det]m9e _! fitness1 meets ) ! g5]al approval ( all its memb]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,manville admitt$ t he 0 ,hazy4 ,h[ ab\t replac+ t ,h ) ,l4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,an ,,in/ructive ,,trip4 ,a v ent]ta9+ & in/ructive visit 0 made by a numb] ( /ud5ts ( ! s5ior class1 on ,saturday1 ,jan4 #ab?1 to ! ,m9]al ,wat] ,works ( ,dr4 ,c>l ,h4 ,s*ultz4 ,! trip 0 arrang$ by ! ,ph>maceutical ,club1 ( #cg? ,ea/ #ai? ,/41 repres5t$ by ,mr4 ,t4 ,b4 ,dean1 its correspond+ secret>y1 :i* seems to be especially active z reg>ds our int]e/ & welf>e & ext5ds to u ! fo/]+ c>e ( a p>5tal gu>dian4 ,x is due to ?is club's hospitality & magnanimity t our ,glee ,club has ?riv$ s wond]fully4 ,mr4 ,dean k9dly introduc$ u to ,mr4 ,l\is ,waefela]1 ,m4 ,e41 ! assi/ant *emi/ ( ! works 7,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,hallock1 ,ph4 ,d41 ! *ief *emi/ & ,dr4 ,s*ultz be+ away at ! "t71 & ,mr4 ,paul ,dimm]1 ! =eman4 ,^! g5tlem51 />t+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! works :]e ! croton wat] ent]s by five diff]5t ma9s1 & foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! wat] ?r\gh ea* /ep ( ! process1 :]eby ! wat] 0 filt]$1 !n heat$ to de/roy organic z well z to drive (f decompos+ & volatile organic matt] z well z o!r impurities & ! filt]$ wat] !re di/ill$ by ! mo/ practical & complete app>atus conceivable2 !n ! wat] 0 repeat$ly subject$ to te/s1 = v>i\s impurities1 9 _! admirably equipp$ *emical laboratory1 :i* is also suppli$ ) a room specially devot$ to bact]iological "w1 & a d>k room = spectrum analysis & photographic inve/igation4 ,"h also are prep>$ ! solutions us$ 9 mak+ ! v>i\s m9]al wat]s & :]e ! f9i%$ product ( ! factory is br\ght be=e be+ s5t out 9 ord] to be te/$ & to make d\bly c]ta9 t x agrees ) ! label be>+ ! analysis ( cont5ts1 :i* is plac$ on ea* siphon ( wat] s5t out4 ,"h also we qu5*$ our ?ir/ ) ! products ( ! /ills ( ?is z well z ) ! products ( ! /ills ( o!r factories4 ,! c>bonic acid gas us$ 9 *>g+ ! wat]s also passes aft] g5]ation ?r\gh a set ( cool]s1 ma%]s & purifi]s1 to completely remove all impurities1 & is /or$ till requir$ = *>g+4 ,! :ole e/abli%m5t1 embrac+ n9ete5 diff]5t dep>tm5ts1 employs ov] #bej m5 & #ajj horses2 ! f\nta91 bottle & siphon fill+ dep>tm5t has a capacity ( #ej1jjj siphons or #aj1jjj gallons p] day4 ,! elaborate ma*9]y ( ! works is ma9ly ! inv5tion ( ! proprietor1 8 deceas$ son & /aff2 n ! lea/ important among :i* is ! inv5tion ( ,mr4 ,paul ,dimm]4 ,mr4 ,l\is ,waefela]1 ! assi/ant *emi/1 is a "y me*anical eng9e] ( high /&+ & has sole *>ge ( ! me*anical dep>tm5t4 ,e dep>tm5t is scrupul\sly clean & neat1 & ! employees ?9k ,mr4 ,s*ultz is "o ( ! be/ & mo/ lib]al m5 to "w =1 = he sp>es no exp5se 9 inve/igations & exp]im5ts calculat$ to improve ! accuracy & purity ( ! products ( 8 works1 & ! safegu>ds aga9/ accid5t to employees are bo? num]\s & well devis$4 ,sev]al o!r p>ties w be =m$1 f ! s5ior class1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! t]m & w visit & be %[n ! work+s ( ?is 8model e/abli%m5t40 ,,class ,,report]s4 ,junior ,notes4 ,,9 ,,memoriam4 ,b4 ,c4 ,,meaney1 ent]$ into re/1 ,sunday1 ,janu>y #f1 #ahie1 9 ! #bb;d ye> ( 8 age4 ,?is brief ann\ncem5t rem9ds u ( ! loss & sorr[ to s _m ne> relatives & fri5ds1 t aft] ! few weeks t h elaps$ s9ce _! he>ts 7 wrung ) grief4 ,we v5ture to say some?+ ( him ^: e>?ly soj\rn is end$4 ,possess$ ( a g5ial happy temp]am5t1 a "* s manly1 cons]vative & ref9$1 t pr(essors z well z /ud5ts r5d]$ to him an involunt>y tribute ( respect4 ,9 ! ?ree mon?s t ! junior class has be5 organiz$1 few /ud5ts h become bett] kn[n or m popul> ?an ,mr4 ,meaney4 ,j be=e ! college clos$ = ! ,*ri/mas vacation1 he said to a fri5d1 8,i ?9k ?is w be ! happie/ ,*ri/mas ,i h ev] _h10 & n[ :o t knew him c d\bt t ?is /range prophecy has be5 fulfill$4 ,j4 ,y4 ,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,meet+4 ,! meet+ 0 call$ on ,tuesday1 ,janu>y #h1 #ahie1 by ! dea? ( our classmate1 ,mr4 ,b4 ,c4 ,meaney4 ,a motion 0 made t we s5d fl[]s to 8 late home1 :i* 0 am5d$ s z to include ! draw+ up ( resolutions ( condol5ce1 & s5d+ a copy ( !m to 8 p>5ts4 ,c>ri$4 ,! meet+ !n adj\rn$4 ,f4 ,h4 ,,f9ley1 ,sec4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e vacation x 0 rumor$ t our fri5d & pr(essor1 ,dr4 ,jelliffe1 0 ab\t to become a b5$ict1 & z ! rumor has become v]ifi$1 we1 ! ,class ( '#if1 s5d to him our he>ty congratulations & be/ wi%es = a long & happy life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is "o ?+ ! ,juniors %\ld pay m att5tion to1 t is class meet+s4 ,if ea* "o :o c\ld w\ld come1 ! diff]5ce w\ld quickly be se54 ,try x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,juniors 9 ph>macognosy comm5c$ "w ) ! comp\nd microscope at ! beg9n+ ( ! t]m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on exhibition e ,tuesday aft]noon1 f #d4cj to #e1 9 ,quiz1 ,t4's h&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we are sorry to he> our fri5d & classmate1 ,mr4 ,quickburg]1 has be5 hurt1 & hope x is no?+ s]i\s4 ,he 0 ?r[n f a cable c> aga9/ a po/ on ,tuesday1 & 0 pick$ up ins5sible4 ,! c> 0 j mak+ ! turn1 :i* x does 9 a rapid mann]1 & x is suppos$ he _h no hold4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a great _m cases ( mu/a*es h brok5 out among ! ,juniors4 ,9 mo/ cases1 h[ev]1 x is only a light attack1 & n at all s]i\s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!y say ! back "p ( ! ,botany ,quiz room 0 v w>m ! o!r day2 9 fact1 "s ( ! boys 7 ne>ly roa/$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,did ,i h& 9 t joke ,i he>d 9 ,quiz ! o!r day8 ,if n1 :y n8 ,x w\ld h help$ to make ! page int]e/+ ?is mon?4 ,two weeks no college4 ,report] ) "o week4 ,he w d ! be/ he c1 b e little helps4 ,rememb]1 ?is page is = ! ,class1 n individuals1 & e "t y help make ! ,junior page int]e/+ y are do+ ! ,class a favor z well z ! report]4 ,all communications = ,junior notes %\ld be address$ to ,j4 ,y4 ,,cantwell1 #bfa ,we/ #db;d /reet4 ,,m$ic9e ,,& ,,ph>macy4 ,,by ,n4 ,h4 ,,m>t91 ,f4 ,l4 ,s41 ,k4 ,r4 ,m4 ,s41 ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,ph>maceutical ,conf]5ce4 7,cont9u$1 f ,decemb] issue7 ,doctor's disp5s+ is /at$ by _m to be "o ( ! *ief if n ! *ief cause ( ! ills f :i* ph>macy is a suff]]1 & dem&s 9 m or less dignifi$ t]ms are made t ?is iniquity %all cease4 ,i make no apology = ! exi/5ce ( ?is condition ( ?+s4 ,!oretically x is und\bt$ly bett] t disp5s+ %all be done by ! ph>maci/1 & prescrib+ by ! m$ical man1 b :5 we ph>maci/s claim ?is z a "r1 & accuse m$ic9e ( unju/ly usurp+ our functions1 x is well = u to rem9d ourselves t m$ical m51 al?\gh !y may n n[ z frequ5tly z ( old take ! degree ( ,l4 ,s4 ,a41 are ! direct & legitimate successors ( ! old apo!c>y & t ! disp5s+ ( m$ic9e 0 _! legitimate function4 ,s mu* 0 ?is ! case t !re be+ a d\bt z to :e!r x 0 trav]s$ by our own ,act ( #ahfh1 ! %ort ,act ( #ahfi 0 pass$ to pres]ve ! "r4 ,!n aga9 x is deep root$ 9 ! habits ( ! ,engli% p to expect ! doctor to supply ! m$ic9e he has prescrib$1 & any *ange c only come ab\t by ! sl[ process ( educat+ ! pati5ts & by ! exhibition ( good w & feel+ betwe5 m$ic9e & ph>macy4 ,be=e x c happ5 univ]sally !re is no d\bt t ph>macy mu/ h acquir$ su* a pr(essional /&+ & education z w enable x to p]=m its delicate & confid5tial function ) ! tact & res]ve :i* is ! outcome ( prolong$ tra9+4 ,! mi/ake 7a v common "o7 :i* ph>macy is mak+1 is t x wants ! rew>d be=e x has made ! ef=t & suitably equipp$ itself = ! s]vice4 ,i exhort ! ph>maci/ ( ! future to be unremitt+ 9 8 ef=ts to raise himself & 8 call+ to a pr(essional /atus1 & !n ,i pr$ict = him t 9 ! natural c\rse ! disp5s+ ( m$ic9es w come to him4 ,*emi/'s prescrib+ is q z l\dly compla9$ ( by ! doctors1 & :5 ,i read "s ( ! lett]s & comm5ts :i* appe> 9 ! m$ical j\rnals ,i am almo/ tempt$ to fe> t = once m$ic9e is ?9k+ m ( its %>e ( ! pecuni>y rew>d1 ?an c>+ = suff]+ humanity4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ,i am sorry to say1 a great deal too mu* prescrib+ by *emi/s1 & "s ( x is ( a mo/ repreh5sible k9d4 ,i "k a case :]e a *emi/ treat$ a man suff]+ f rod5t ulc] ( ! face = two ye>s1 all ! "t buoy+ ! man up ) ! hope t x 0 gett+ bett]1 & t he w\ld cure x1 until ! face 0 s bad1 & ! ulc] _h spread to su* an ext5t t :5 x came "u ! notice ( ! surgeon no?+ c\ld be done = ! pati5t4 ,if t *emi/ _h met ! man ^u ! highway1 & robb$ him1 he w\ld h be5 liable to imprisonm5t1 b hav+ got ! man into 8 %op he n only robb$ him ( 8 money1 b he r5d]$ x impossible = ! man ev] aga9 to be re/or$ to heal?4 ,= ! di%onor :i* su* m5 br+ ^u ph>macy1 & = ! irrep>able injury :i* !y inflict ^u suff]+ humanity ,i %\ld l to give !m sev]al ye>s ( p5al s]vitude4 ,b !re are innum]able small accid5ts1 & little ailm5ts to :i* humanity is liable1 :i* q legitimately come )9 ! prov9ce ( ph>macy to treat1 & ! ph>maci/1 if he is wise1 is a mu* saf] man to treat ^! ?an ! cl]gy & ! laity1 :o are ev] ready to prescribe = ea* o!r ^u any & all occasions4 ,! be/ & wise/ expon5ts ( m$ic9e admit ?is "r on ! "p ( ph>macy1 & welcome ! s]vice :i* is r5d]$ by x to suff]]s4 ,ph>macy may make "s mi/akes1 b ,i "k x frequ5tly s5ds pati5ts to m$ic9e long be=e !y or _! fri5ds w\ld ?9k s]i\sly en\gh ( ! case to d s4 ,!re %\ld be no rivalries or jeal\sies betwe5 m$ic9e & ph>macy1 & ! bett] qualifi$ ea* ( ^! may be to ex]cise its own %>e ( ! duties devolv+ ^u bo?1 ! m w ea* ( !m respect ! rights & ! "w ( ! o!r4 ,be=e ,i conclude1 "o ^w on ! pr9ciple ^u :i* remun]ation %\ld be bas$4 ,?is is a "q ( ! utmo/ importance to ! ,engli% public1 z well z to ! ph>maci/s4 ,john ,rusk9 says1 8,y d n pay judges l>ge sal>ies because ! same am\nt ( "w c\ld n be pur*as$ = a small] sum1 b t y may give !m en\gh to r5d] !m sup]ior to ! temptation ( sell+ ju/ice40 ,we _c err 9 apply+ ?is pr9ciple to ph>macy1 & decid+ t ! disp5s+ *emi/ mu/ be paid at a rate ( remun]ation :i* w enable him to get 8 liv+ hone/ly & op5ly1 & r5d] him sup]ior to ! temptation to increase 8 pr(it & 8 income by tamp]+1 9 ev] s small a degree1 ) ! quality ( ! drugs he uses1 & ) ! heal?1 & may be ! lives1 ( de> ones1 & ( m5 important to ! community4 ,8 remun]ation %\ld also enable him to devote suffici5t "t & c>e to e detail ( 8 responsible "w1 & elim9ate a v real s\rce ( dang] :i* is unavoidable if ! ha/e & ! bu/le ( trade me?ods are adopt$ by ph>macy4 ,! ,conf]5ce has ent]$ ^u ! f\r? decade ( its exi/5ce1 &1 possibly1 ,i %\ld h made a bett] & wis] *oice if ,i _h address$ y ^u its pa/ a*ievem5ts1 & its future prospects1 b ! o!r matt]s ^u :i* ,i h t\*$ seem$ to me ( great] importance4 ,let me say1 h[ev]1 briefly1 t ,i ?9k ! record ( ?is ,conf]5ce has be5 em95tly an honorable "o1 & t x has fulfill$1 9 a high degree1 ! functions = :i* x 0 call$ into exi/5ce4 ,! /ory is writt5 9 ! ,ye> ,books1 & ano!r phase ( x is engrav$ 9 ! he>ts & memories ( _m ( u :o h be5 memb]s almo/ f ! beg9n+1 & :o h att5d$ a l>ge numb] ( its meet+s4 ,x has add$ to our k1 enl>g$ our exp]i5ce1 & broad5$ our intellectual grasp ( ph>macy2 & la/1 b n lea/1 x has be5 ! means ( br++ toge!r1 introduc+ to ea* o!r1 & cem5t+ fri5d%ips betwe5 m5 :o practice a common avocation 9 di/ricts z wide ap>t z ,inv]ness & ,cornwall4 ,9 ?is latt] function ! excursion on ! la/ day has play$ no inconsid]able "p4 ,among/ ! critics ( ! ,conf]5ce !re are "s p]sons :o affect to sne] at ! excursion z if x 7 %e] frivolity1 & 0 at v>iance ) ! av[$ sci5tific objects ( ! ,conf]5ce4 ,i beg to diff]1 & to claim = ! excursion day a v high place 9 ! "w ( ! ,conf]5ce4 ,x af=ds ! opportunity1 z no o!r arrangem5t c\ld d s well1 = m5 to meet2 & ,i am q sure t my own exp]i5ce is by no means s+ul> :5 ,i tell y t _m1 v _m1 ( ! be/ fri5ds ,i h 9 ph>macy 7 fir/ kn[n to me ?r\gh ! opportunity ( "o ( ! ,conf]5ce excursions2 & fur!r ,i c\ld n exagg]ate to y ! b5efit :i* ,i h receiv$ f ! num]\s conv]sations & in=mal discussions :i* always takes place on ^! days4 ,b x is ) societies1 z ) individuals1 !y t5d to decay1 & already1 m ?an once we h ! al>m3 ! ,conf]5ce is on its la/ legs6 ,i d n believe x1 z ,i feel sure x fulfils a purpose 9 ! realm ( ph>macy :i* is too important = ! ,conf]5ce to be left to decay1 & if we neglect ! tru/ :i* has be5 h&$ d[n to u1 our successors w revive x4 ,i w\ld ask e memb] ( ! ,conf]5ce to get1 at lea/1 "o o!r memb] to jo91 & ,i d n ?9k he c use a /rong] argum5t1 ?an t1 ap>t f ! opportunity ( att5d+ & tak+ "p 9 ?is annual sci5tific ga!r+ ( ph>macy1 ! ,ye> ,book1 :i* he w receive1 is wor? _m times ! subscription4 ,! ,ye> ,book ( ,ph>macy %\ld f9d a place on ! desk ( e *emi/ & druggi/ 9 ?is l&4 ,9 x he w f9d ab/racts ( pap]s f a l>g] numb] ( s\rces ?an he c possibly consult = himself1 & _m ( ^! pap]s may be ( great value to him4 ,!re is no occasion to disguise ! fact t we d n get z _m or possibly z good pap]s s5t to ! ,conf]5ce z we %\ld l1 b :5 we consid] ! ne$s ( a weekly press & ! numb] ( small societies :i* absorb 9 ! aggregate a l>ge numb] ( pap]s1 our exp]i5ce ne$ cause u nei!r surprise nor al>m4 ,i %\ld l1 h[ev]1 to ask _m ( ^? :o are do+ orig9al "w & writ+ pap]s 9 connection ) ph>macy to consid] :e!r !re is any place s suitable = !m to be read z at ^! meet+s4 ,! au?ors may feel c]ta9 ( a l>g] audi5ce to li/5 to _! pap]s & a f> m capable set ( m5 to discuss !m ?an c be f\nd at any o!r "t or place4 ,9 prov9cial t[ns ! pap]s are read to a few local m51 & ! discussion is tak5 "p 9 by few] /ill1 & ev5 at ! mon?ly meet+s at ,bloomsbury ,squ>e ! discussions h a great t5d5cy to fall into ! h&s ( v few m54 ,h[ev] capable ^! m5 may be1 !y _c possibly h ! wide & v>i$ exp]i5ce ( ! aggregate ( ! m5 :o att5d ?is ,conf]5ce4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 v5ture to urge ?\ghtful ph>maci/s to contribute pap]s to ?is ,conf]5ce1 & ,i %\ld l !m to come 9 su* numb]s t we may be compell$ to add ano!r day or two to our meet+4 ,i m5tion$ j n[ ! fri5ds :om we h met at ^! ,conf]5ce meet+s1 & be=e ,i close ,i mu/ briefly allude to ^? we h lo/4 ,! fir/ "n t w occur to y1 ,i am sure1 is t ( our g5ial botani/1 ! late ,pr(essor ,b5tley1 :o 0 presid5t at ,nott+ham 9 #ahff & ,dundee 9 #ahfg4 ,_m ( u knew him fir/ & be/ at ,bloomsbury ,squ>e z our de> & honor$ tea*]1 b to _m o!rs ! ,conf]5ce mu/ h be5 ! means ( _! meet+ him1 & by all 0 he respect$ & belov$4 ,he rea*$ a good ripe age1 & ( him x might be said--z ( _m o!r m5 :o h liv$ & be5 true to !mselves & _! call+--8,he has done 8 "w well & e>n$ 8 re/40 ,! next1 an ev5 great] loss to u z a ,conf]5ce1 because ( 8 y\ng] age & ! promise !re 0 9 him ( great] a*ievem5ts = ph>macy1 is our late treasur]1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,davies1 ,i1 ) _m o!rs1 made 8 acqua9tance ?r\gh ?is ,conf]5ce1 & ,i feel1 z ,i am sure _m ( y d1 t ,i h lo/ a p]sonal fri5d ) :om intimacy w\ld h rip5$ ye> by ye> into /rong] bonds4 ,,(fic9al ,,or ,,(ficial4 ,9 ! ,ph>mac5tis*e ,runds*au = ,janu>y1 #ahie1 is f\nd an int]e/+ discussion on ! use ( ! words (fic9al & (ficial by ,!odore ,husemann1 ( ,gtt+51 & ,*>les ,rice1 ( ,new ,york4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to our read]s to give ! views ( bo? ( ^! well-kn[n writ]s 9 full4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 we repr9t 9 full ! views ( ,dr4 ,rice3 8,9 compliance ) a reque/ by ! editor ( ?is j\rnal1 ! writ] pres5ts a few facts1 z well z 8 p]sonal views1 reg>d+ ! use ( ! words 8(ficial0 & 8(fic9al0 :5 appli$ to drugs & m$ic9al prep>ations40 ,x %\ld be /at$ at ! outset t ! writ] accepts ! ord9>y d]ivation ( ! two words1 & ! mean+s assign$ to !m 9 accordance ) _! orig94 ,nor does he d5y t x has be5 cu/om>y1 up to )9 a few decades1 to apply ! ,engli% ^w 8(fic9al0 q g5]ally 9 ! s5se ( 8ph>macopial40 ,yet1 )9 ! memory ( mo/ read]s ( ! ,runds*au1 voices arose 9 favor ( a *ange1 ! ^w 8(ficial0 be+ propos$ to replace 8(fic9al0 9 ! special s5se ( 8ph>macopial40 ,x is evid5t t "s cause arose :i* produc$ ! feel+ t su* a *ange 0 necess>y & ! cause is n f> to seek4 ,9 ^? c\ntries 9 :i* ! ex]cise ( ph>macy is "u ! control ( ! gov]nm5t1 & :]e ! /ock ( a ph>maci/1 s f> z x is us$ 9 physicians' prescriptions1 conta9s comp>atively few rem$ies besides ^? direct$ by ! ,ph>macopia1 ! two mean+s ( ! ^w 8(fic9al10 viz3 #a1 ! orig9al "o 8p]ta9+ to an #8(fic9a2' p]ta9+ to or kept 9 a drug /ore10 &1 #b1 ! m mod]n "o1 8ph>macopial2 au?oritative10 practically cov] ea* o!r4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case 9 ,g]many1 :]e ! ^w 8(fic9ell10 & 9 ,france1 :]e 8(fic9al0 is 9 g5]al use 9 ! second s5se m5tion$ above4 ,x is diff]5t 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e ! ph>maci/ is compell$ to c>ry a l>ge /ock ( non-ph>macopial prep>ations1 _m ( :i* are prescrib$ by physicians4 ,! two mean+s ( ! ^w 8(fic9al0 h two widely diff]+ b\nd>ies4 ,!y may be lik5$ to two conc5tric circles4 ,9 ! fir/ m5tion$ s5se 78kept 9 a drug /ore07 ! ^w occupies ! area ( ! l>g] circle2 9 ! second s5se 78ph>macopial07 usually t ( ! inn]1 small] circle4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ?is c\ntry ! inn] circle--to cont9ue ! simile--is mu* small] 9 proportion to ! out] ?an 9 o!rs4 ,9 "s x may atta9 an area ( p]haps ?ree-f\r?s or f\r-fif?s ( ! l>g]2 9 o!rs x may ev5 outgr[ ! =m] out] circle4 ,only 9 r>e cases w ! p]iph]ies ( ! two circles co9cide4 ,s9ce ! two mean+s long ago ceas$ to cov] ea* o!r1 ! necessity arose to use diff]5t words to express ! two diff]5t mean+s1 & x 0 !re=e1 propos$ to employ ! closely relat$ ^w 8(ficial0 9 ! s5se ( 8ph>macopial10 & to use ! ^w 8(fic9al0 only 9 ! g5]al s5se 8kept 9 a drug /ore10 :i* is1 inde$1 9 accordance ) its orig9al mean+ & orig94 ,^? :o object to ! use ( 8(ficial0 9 ! s5se ( 8ph>macopial0 say t (ficialis means 8gov]nm5tal2 p]ta9+ to an (fice or (ficial1 etc40 ,t x is1 !re=e1 correct to say1 = in/ance3 8,! (ficial prep>ations = ! reception ( ! ,presid5t are complet$10 b incorrect to say3 8,he made all ! (ficial prep>ations 9 8 own laboratory40 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no dang] ( any misund]/&+ 9 ^! two s5t5ces1 inde$1 mu* less dang] ?an w\ld be 8(fic9al40 ,pr(essor ,husemann1 9 8 lett]1 br+s )9 ! space ( 8 discussion ! t]ms 8m$icam5ta magi/ralia10 & 8=mul magi/rates40 ,he %[s1 himself1 t :ile ! ^w (fic9alis#a 01 9 m rec5t times1 appli$ to drugs & prep>ations ( an au?oritative "* or orig91 x 0 =m]ly us$ 9 its broad] s5se 8:at is at any "t to be _h 9 a drug /ore10 9 :i* s5se x 0 ! opposite ( magi/ralis 7magi/ral1 or magi/]ial71 or t :i* is n kept ready made1 b has to be prep>$ or comp\nd$ extemporane\sly4 ,x w be notic$ t !re is a mu* bett] logical correspond5ce betwe5 ! t]ms ,m$icam5ta magi/ralia m$ic9es ^: composition is fix$ or prescrib$ by ! magi/] 7a p]son71 t is ! att5d+ physician1 & ,m$icam5ta (ficialia m$ic9es ^: composition is fix$ or prescrib$ by an (ficial 7a p]son71 t is ! ,committee ( ,revision z a body-- ?an !re w\ld be betwe5 ! =m] & m$icam5ta (fic9alia1 :i* t]m ref]s to ! %op & n to ! p]son ( au?ority4 ,z to ! ^w 8un(fic9al10 ?is means prop]ly 8n p]ta9+ to1 n kept by or dealt 9 by a ph>maci/40 ,if us$ 9 ?is /rictly lit]al s5se1 h[ev]1 its scope or applicability w become m & m contract$ 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 z x may ev5tually become difficult to m5tion articles to :i* ! ^w may ju/ly apply4 ,x %\ld be ab&on$ altoge!r4 8,un(ficial0 mu* bett] expresses ! idea s\ght to be convey$ by x4 ,a few examples w %[ ! use & mean+ ( ! sev]al words3 ,flem+'s t9cture ( ,aconite is n (ficial 7or 8,un(ficial20 n 8un(fic9al107 b x is (fic9al4 ,t9ctura ,opii ,deodorati is (ficial1 & ought to be ev]y:]e (fic9al4 ,conc]n+ ! "r ( any p]son1 or body ( m51 to co9 a new ^w1 or to use "o already 9 exi/5ce1 = ! purpose ( express+ a new idea1 or remov+ an ambiguity1 !re c be no "q1 provid$ only t ! select$ ^w be appropriate & 9 h>mony ) ! g5ius ( ! language4 ,( c\rse1 its acceptance by ! public at l>ge1 or by ! pr(ession1 = ! use or b5efit ( :i* x 0 co9$ or select$1 _c be en=c$4 ,yet1 if x is f\nd to answ] its purpose1 & if its sup]iority ov] ! t]m =m]ly us$ 9 place ( x is recogniz$1 x w gradually & surely come into g5]al use4 ,! judgm5t ( ! writ] is t ! employm5t ( ! ^w 8(ficial0 9 ! s5se ( 8ph>macopial0 is ju/ifiable on l+ui/ic gr\nds1 & t x is1 moreov]1 fully ju/ifi$ by ! condition ( ph>macy 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e a cle> di/9ction betwe5 8all sorts ( m$ic9es10 & 8ph>macopial m$ic9es0 has become necess>y4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,committee ( ,revision10 :i* hop$ to settle ! controv]sy by an 8(ficial0 vote1 accord+ to :i* ! ^w 8(ficial0 0 h]eaft] to be us$ 9 place ( 8(fic9al10 :5 appli$ to ph>macopial prep>ations or directions 7see ,u4 ,s4 ,ph>m41 #ahij1 p4 xxxvi471 did n mean !reby to encroa* ^u ! ord9>y mean+ ( ! ^w1 :i* appe>s1 = in/ance1 on ! title page ( ! ,ph>macopia 9 ! s5t5ce3 8,(ficial f ,janu>y #a1 #ahij40 #a ,pr(essor ,husemann did n f9d ?is ^w 9 ,du ,cange's ,gloss>ium ,m$i et ,inf9 ,lat9itatis4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 conta9$ 9 ! late/ edition 7by ,favre2 ,niort #ahhc-hg71 ,vol4 ,,vi4 p4 #cg4