,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] ,,an ,,attempt$ ,,transvaluation ,,( ,,all ,,values ,by ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,translat$ ,,by ,,an?ony ,m4 ,,ludovici ,,vol4 ,,ii ,,books ,,iii ,,& ,,iv ,t4,n4 ,,f\lis #ac #ae ,,fr$]ick ,,/reet ,,ed9burgh3 ,,& ,,london #aiac ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,translator',s ,,preface ,,?ird ,,book4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,a ,,new ,,valuation4 ,i4 ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] ,,9 ,,sci5ce-- 7a7 ,! ,me?od ( ,inve/igation 7b7 ,! ,/>t+-,po9t ( ,epi/emology 7c7 ,! ,belief 9 ! ,ego4 ,subject 7d7 ,biology ( ! ,in/9ct ( ,k4 ,p]spectivity 7e7 ,! ,orig9 ( ,reason & ,logic 7f7 ,consci\sness 7g7 ,judgm5t4 ,true--,false 7h7 ,aga9/ ,causality 7i7 ,! ,?+-9-,itself & ,appe>ance 7k7 ,! ,metaphysical ,ne$ 7l7 ,! ,biological ,value ( ,k 7m7 ,sci5ce ,,ii4 ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] ,,9 ,,nature-- #a4 ,! ,me*anical ,int]pretation ( ! ,_w #b4 ,! ,w to ,p[] z ,life-- 7a7 ,! ,organic ,process 7b7 ,man #c4 ,!ory ( ! ,w to ,p[] & ( ,valuations ,,iii4 ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] ,,z ,,exemplifi$ ,,9 ,,society ,,& ,,9 ,,! ,,individual #a4 ,society & ! ,/ate #b4 ,! ,individual ,,iv4 ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] ,,9 ,,art ,,f\r? ,,book4 ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,bre$+4 ,i4 ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,rank-- #a4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,ord] ( ,rank #b4 ,! ,/rong & ! ,weak #c4 ,! ,noble ,man #d4 ,! ,lords ( ! ,e>? #e4 ,! ,great ,man #f4 ,! ,highe/ ,man z ,lawgiv] ( ! ,future ,,ii4 ,,dionysus ,,iii4 ,,et]nal ,,recurr5ce ,,translator',s ,,preface4 ,= ! hi/ory ( ! text con/itut+ ?is volume ,i w\ld ref] read]s to my preface to ,! ,w to ,p[]1 ,books ,i1 & ,,ii41 :]e !y w also f9d a brief explanation ( ! actual title ( ! complete "w4 ,9 ! two books be=e u ,nietzs*e boldly c>ries 8 pr9ciple /ill fur!r into ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( human life1 & does n %r9k f %[+ its application ev5 to sci5ce1 to art1 & to metaphysics4 ,?r\gh\t ,"p ,i4 ( ! ,?ird ,book we f9d him go+ to great pa9s to impress ! fact ^u u t sci5ce is z arbitr>y z art 9 its mode ( proc$ure1 & t ! k ( ! sci5ti/ is b ! outcome ( 8 inexorable w to p[] int]pret+ facts 9 ! t]ms ( ! self-pres]vative conditions ( ! p>ticul> ord] ( human be+s to :i* he belongs4 ,9 ,aphorisms #eae & #eaf1 :i* are typical ( almo/ all ! ?\ght express$ 9 ,"p ,i41 ,nietzs*e says di/9ctly3 ,! object is n 'to "k1' b to s*ematise1--to impose z mu* regul>ity & =m ^u *aos z our practical ne$s require4 ,unfamili>ity1 con/ant *ange1 & ! inability to reckon ) possibilities1 are s\rces ( great dang]3 h5ce1 ev]y?+ mu/ be expla9$1 assimilat$1 & r5d]$ capable ( calculation1 if ,nature is to be ma/]$ & controll$4 ,s*emes = int]pret+ e>?ly ph5om5a mu/ be devis$ :i*1 ?\gh !y d n require to be absolute or irrefutable1 mu/ yet fav\r ! ma9t5ance ( ! k9d ( m5 t devises !m4 ,int]pretation ?us becomes all important1 & facts s9k d[n to ! rank ( raw mat]ial :i* mu/ fir/ be giv5 "s %ape 7"s s5se--always an?ropoc5tric7 be=e !y c become s]viceable4 ,ev5 ! developm5t ( reason & logic ,nietzs*e consi/5tly %[s to be b a spiritual developm5t ( ! physiological function ( dige/ion :i* compels an organism to make ?+s l 7to assimilate7 be=e x c absorb !m 7,aph4 #eaj74 ,& see+ t he d5ies t hung] c be a fir/ motive 7,aphs4 #fea-fef71 & proce$s to %[ t x is ! amba's w to p[] :i* makes x ext5d its pseudopodia 9 se>* ( :at x c appropriate1 & t1 once ! appropriat$ matt] is envelop$1 x is a process ( mak+ simil> :i* con/itutes ! process ( absorption1 reason itself is by inf]5ce ackn[l$g$ to be m]ely a =m ( ! same fundam5tal w4 ,an int]e/+ & c]ta9ly inevitable outcome ( ,nietzs*e's argum5t appe>s 9 ,aph4 #eaf1 :]e he decl>es t ev5 our inability to d5y & affirm "o & ! same ?+ is n 9 ! lea/ necess>y1 b only a sign ( inability4 ,! :ole argum5t ( ,"p ,i4 t5ds to draw sci5ce ev] ne>] & ne>] to art 7except1 ( c\rse1 9 ^? cases 9 :i* sci5ce happ5s to consi/ m]ely ( an asc]ta9m5t ( facts71 & to prove t ! "o l ! o!r is no m ?an a means ( ga9+ "s foo?old ^u ! slipp]y soil ( a _w t is = ev] 9 flux4 ,9 ! ru% & pell-mell ( ,becom+1 "s mile/ones mu/ be fix$ = ! purposes ( human ori5tation4 ,9 ! torr5t ( evolution>y *anges pill>s mu/ be made to /&1 to :i* man c = a space hold tight & collect 8 s5ses4 ,sci5ce1 l art1 accompli%es ?is = u1 & x is our w to p[] :i* creates ! impression ( ,be+ out ( ,becom+ 7,aph4 #eag74 ,accord+ to ?is /&po9t1 !n1 consci\sness is also b a weapon 9 ! s]vice ( ! w to p[]1 & x ext5ds or contracts accord+ to our ne$s 7,aph4 #ebd74 ,x might disappe> altoge!r 7,aph4 #ebc71 or1 on ! o!r h&1 x might increase & make our life m complicat$ ?an x already is4 ,b we %\ld gu>d aga9/ mak+ x ! ,absolute beh9d ,becom+1 simply because x happ5s to be ! highe/ & mo/ rec5t evolution>y =m 7,aph4 #gji74 ,if we _h done ?is ) ea* newly acquir$ *>act]i/ic1 sight itself1 :i* is a relatively rec5t developm5t1 w\ld also h requir$ to h be5 deifi$4 ,pan!ism1 ,!ism1 ,unit>ianism--9 fact all religions 9 :i* a consci\s god is wor%ipp$1 are ?us aptly class$ by ,nietzs*e z ! result ( man's desire to elevate t :i* is b a new & wond]ful in/rum5t ( 8 w to p[]1 to ! *ief place 9 ! imag9>y _w beyond 7et]nal s\l71 & to make x ev5 ! deity itself 7,god ,omnisci5t74 ,) ! "q ( ,tru? we f9d ,nietzs*e q z ready to uphold 8 !sis z ) all o!r que/ions4 ,he frankly decl>es t ! crit]ion ( tru? lies 9 ! enhancem5t ( ! feel+ ( p[] 7,aph4 #ecd71 & ?us /&s 9 diametrical opposition to ,sp5c]1 :o makes con/ra9t or inability ! crit]ion ( tru?4 7,see ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 new edition1 *apt] ix4444 ! unconceivabl5ess ( its negation is ! ultimate te/ ( ! tru? ( a proposition47 ,h[ev] p>adoxical ,nietzs*e's view may seem1 we %all f9d t x is actually sub/antiat$ by exp]i5ce2 = ! activity ( our s5ses c]ta9ly conv9ces u m or less accord+ to ! degree to :i* x is provok$4 ,?us1 if we walk$ = long r\nd a completely d>k room1 & ev]y?+ yield$1 h[ev] slightly1 to our t\*1 we %\ld rema9 q unconv9c$ t we 7 9 a room at all1 m p>ticul>ly if--to suppose a /ill m impossible case--! floor yield$ too4 ,:at provokes great activity 9 ! bulbs ( our f+]s1 !n1 likewise g5]ates ! s5sation ( tru?4 ,f ?is ,nietzs*e proce$s to argue t :at provokes ! /ronge/ s5tim5ts 9 ourselves is also true to u1 &1 f ! /&po9t ( ?\ght1 t :i* gives ?\ght ! greate/ s5sation ( /r5g? 7,aph4 #ecc74 ,! provocation ( int5se emotion1 & !re=e ! provocation ( t /ate 9 :i* ! body is above ! normal 9 p[]1 ?us becomes ! index to tru?2 & x is a v rem>kable ?+ t two prom95t ,engli% ?9k]s %\ld1 at ! v end ( _! c>e]s1 h practically admitt$ ?is1 despite ! fact t all _! philosophical productions _h be5 bas$ ^u a completely diff]5t belief4 ,i ref]1 ( c\rse1 to ,sp5c] & ,buckle1 :o bo? upheld ! view t 9 a sy/em ( ?\ght ! emotional factor is ( ! highe/ importance4 ,x foll[s f all ?is1 t lies & false doctr9es may q conceivably prove to be ev5 m pres]vative to species ?an tru? itself1 & al?\gh ?is is a view we h already enc\nt]$ 9 ! op5+ aphorisms ( ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 9 ,aph1 #ech ?is volume we f9d x fur!r elucidat$ by ,nietzs*e's useful demon/ration ( ! fact t ! easi] way ( ?9k+ always triumphs ov] ! m difficult way2 & t logic1 inasmu* z x facilitat$ classification & ord]ly ?\ght1 ultimately got to act l tru?s4 ,be=e leav+ ,"p ,i41 ) :i* x w\ld be impossible to deal 9 full1 a ^w or two ought to be said 9 reg>d to ,nietzs*e's views conc]n+ ! belief 9 cause & effect4 ,9 ! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals 7#a/ ,essay1 ,aph4 #ac71 we h already read a =eca/ ( our au?or's m elaborate op9ions on ?is "q1 & ! aphorism 9 "q might be read ) advantage 9 conjunction ) ! discussion on ! subject f\nd 9 ?is book 7,aphs4 #ede-eee74 ,! :ole ( ,nietzs*e's criticism1 h[ev]1 resolves itself into ?is1 t ! doctr9e ( causality beg9s ) an unnecess>y duplication ( all t happ5s4 ,language1 & its orig9 among a p un$ucat$ 9 ?\ghts & concepts1 is at ! root ( ?is sci5tific sup]/ition1 & ,nietzs*e traces its evolution f ! primeval & savage desire always to f9d a do] beh9d e de$3 to f9d "s "o :o is responsible & :o1 be+ kn[n1 ?us modifies ! unfamili>ity ( ! de$ :i* requires expla9+4 ,! s-call$ in/9ct ( causality ( :i* ,kant speaks ) s mu* assurance is no?+ m ?an ! fe> ( ! unfamili>4 ,9 ,aph4 #ehe 7,a71 we h a v coh]5t & !re=e valuable exposition ( mu* t may /ill seem obscure 9 ,nietzs*e's /&po9t1 & we might almo/ reg>d ?is aphorism z ! key to ! epi/emology ( ! ,w to ,p[]4 ,:5 we f9d ! w to tru? def9$ m]ely z ! long+ = a /able _w1 we are 9 possession ( ! v leitmotiv ( ,nietzs*e's ?\ght ?r\gh\t ,"p ,i41 & mo/ ( :at foll[s is cle>ly b an elaboration ( ?is ?\ght4 ,9 ,"p ,,ii4 ,nietzs*e reveals himself z utt]ly oppos$ to all me*ani/ic & mat]iali/ic int]pretations ( ! ,univ]se4 ,he exalts ! _s & repudiates ! idea t m]e pressure f )\t--nak$ environm5t--is to be held responsible 7& (t5 guilty67 = all t mat]iali/ic sci5ce w\ld lay at its door4 ,d>w9 aga9 comes 9 = a good deal ( %>p criticism2 &1 to ^? :o are famili> ) ! nature ( ,nietzs*e's disagreem5t ) ?is naturali/1 su* aphorisms z ,nos4 #fdc1 #fdg1 #fdi1 #fea1 #fhd1 #fhe1 w be ( special int]e/4 ,!re is "o "q ( great mom5t1 :i* all ,nietzs*e's p]fectly s9c]e & pr(\ndly s]i\s deprecation ( ! ,d>w9ian /&po9t ought to br+ home to all ,engli%m5 :o h p]haps too eag]ly endors$ ! conclusions ( _! own ,briti% s*ool ( organic evolution1 & t is1 to :at ext5t 7 ,mal?us1 & aft]w>ds 8 disciple ,d>w91 p]haps influ5c$ 9 _! analysis ( nature by preconceiv$ notions drawn f ! /ate ( high pressure :i* prevail$ 9 ! ?ickly-populat$ & indu/rial c\ntry 9 :i* !y bo? liv$8 ,x is difficult to def5d ,d>w9 f ! fundam5tal attack :i* ,nietzs*e directs at ! v root ( 8 tea*+1 & :i* turns ^u ! "q ( ! motive ( all ,life's /ruggle4 ,to assume t ! motive is always a /ruggle = exi/5ce presupposes ! con/ant pres5ce ( two conditions--want & ov]-population1--an assumption :i* is absolutely non-prov51 & x likewise l5ds a peculi>ly ignoble & c[>dly col\r+ to ! :ole ( organic life1 :i* n only rema9s unsub/antiat$ 9 fact1 b :i* ! /ruggle = p[] completely escapes4 ,9 ,"p ,,iii41 :i*1 ?r\gh\t1 is pretty pla9 sail+1 ,aphorism #ghf conta9s p]haps ! mo/ important /atem5ts4 ,"h morality is %[n to be m]ely an in/rum5t1 b ?is "t x is ! in/rum5t ( ! greg>i\s w to p[]4 ,9 ! la/ p>agraph ( ?is aphorism ,nietzs*e %[s himself q antagoni/ic to ,det]m9ism1 because ( its intimate relation to1 & its orig9 91 a me*ani/ic int]pretation ( ! ,univ]se4 ,b we %\ld always rememb] t1 inasmu* z ,nietzs*e w\ld di/ribute beliefs1 j z o!rs di/ribute b\nties--t is to say1 accord+ to ! ne$s ( ^? :om he has 9 view1 we mu/ nev] take = grant$ t a belief :i* he deprecates = "o class ( man ought necess>ily1 accord+ to him1 to be d5i$ ano!r class4 ,h>d z x und\bt$ly is to be> ?is 9 m9d1 we %\ld rememb] t 8 appeal is almo/ )\t int]ruption made to high] m51 & t doctr9es & cre$s :i* he condemns = !m he w\ld necess>ily exalt 9 ! case ( p :o 7 diff]5tly situat$ & o!rwise con/itut$4 ,*ri/ianity is a case 9 po9t 7see ,w to ,p[]1 vol4 i4 ,aph4 #acb74 ,we n[ come to ,"p ,,iv41 :i* is possibly ! mo/ important "p ( all1 see+ t x treats ( ^? que/ions :i* may be reg>d$ z ,nietzs*e's mo/ con/ant conc]n f ! "t :5 he wrote 8 fir/ book4 ,! _w z we n[ see & "k x1 ) all t x conta9s :i* is beautiful1 indiff]5t1 or ugly1 f a human /&po9t1 is1 accord+ to ,nietzs*e1 ! creation ( our own valu+ m9ds4 ,p]haps only a few p h _h a h& 9 %ap+ ?is _w ( values4 ,maybe _! numb] c\ld be c\nt$ on ! f+]s ( two h&s2 b /ill1 :at ,nietzs*e insi/s ^u is1 t x is human 9 its orig94 ,our :ole outlook1 ev]y?+ t gives u joy or pa91 mu/ at "o "t or o!r h be5 valu$ = u1 & 9 p]si/+ 9 ^! valuations we1 z ! acclimatis$ h]d1 are indebt$ to our arti/s1 to our high] m51 to all ^? 9 hi/ory1 :o at "s "t or o!r h d>$ to /& up & to decl>e emphatically t ?is 0 ugly & t t 0 beautiful1 & to fight1 & if necess>y to die1 = _! op9ion4 ,religion1 morality1 & philosophy1 :ile !y all aim at s-call$ univ]sal ,tru?1 t5d to depreciate ! value ( life 9 ! eyes ( exceptional m54 ,?\gh !y e/abli% ! beautiful = ! g5]al /ock1 & 9 t way enhance ! value ( life = t /ock1 !y contradict high] m5's values1 &1 by s do+1 de/roy _! innoc5t fai? 9 ! _w4 ,= ! problem "h is n1 :at value is true8--b1 :at value is mo/ conducive to ! highe/ =m ( human life on e>?8 ,nietzs*e w\ld fa9 ?r[ all ! burd5 ( valu+ ^u ! ,dionysian arti/ him :o speaks ab\t ?is _w out ( ! love & pl5itude ( p[] t is 9 8 own brea/1 him :o1 f ! v heal? t is )9 him1 _c look out ^u life )\t transfigur+ x1 hall[+ x1 bless+ x1 & mak+ x appe> bett]1 bigg]1 & m beautiful4 ,&1 9 ?is view1 ,nietzs*e is q consi/5t2 =1 if we mu/ accept 8 conclusion t our values are det]m9$ = u by our high] m51 !n x becomes ( ! highe/ importance t ^! valu]s %\ld be s con/itut$ t _! values may be a boon & n a bane to ! re/ ( humanity4 ,alas6 only too (t51 & especially 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 h m5 :o lack$ ?is ,dionysian _s /ood up & valu$ ! _w2 & x is aga9/ ^! t ,nietzs*e prote/s4 ,x is ! bad air !y h spread :i* he w\ld fa9 dispel4 ,an to :at art means to ! arti/ himself1 ap>t f its actual effect on ! _w1 ,nietzs*e w\ld say t x is a mann] ( dis*>g+ 8 w to p[]4 ,! arti/ tries to /amp 8 op9ion ( :at is desirable1 & ( :at is beautiful or ugly1 ^u 8 contempor>ies & ! future2 x is 9 ?is valu+ t 8 impulse to prevail f9ds its highe/ expression4 ,h5ce ! in/9ctive economy ( arti/s 9 sex matt]s--t is to say1 9 precisely t qu>t] :i!r o!r m5 g :5 _! impulse to prevail urges !m to action4 ,nietzs*e did n ( c\rse d5y ! s5sual nature ( arti/s 7,aph4 #hae72 all he wi%$ to make pla9 0 ?is1 t an arti/ :o 0 n mod]ate1 9 eroticis1 :ile engag$ ^u 8 task1 0 op5 to ! /ronge/ suspicion4 ,9 ! ,f\r? ,book ,nietzs*e is really at 8 v be/4 ,"h1 :ile discuss+ que/ions su* z ,! ,ord] ( ,rank1 he is s ?or\ghly 9 8 exclusive sph]e1 t practically e l9e1 ev5 if x 7 isolat$ & tak5 bodily f ! context1 w\ld be> ! unmi/akable "* ( its au?or4 ,! ?\ght express$ 9 ,aphorism #hga reveals a /&po9t z new z x is necess>y4 ,s us$ h we become to ! practice ( writ+ & legislat+ = a mass1 t we h =gott5 ! rule t prevails ev5 9 our own navy--t ! spe$ ( a fleet is measur$ by its sl[e/ vessel4 ,on ! same pr9ciple1 see+ t all our philosophies & moralities h hi!rto be5 direct$ at a mass & at a mob1 we f9d t _! elevation mu/ ( necessity be decid$ by ! l[e/ ( mank9d4 ,?us all passions are bann$1 because base m5 d n "k h[ to enli/ !m 9 _! s]vice4 ,m5 :o are ma/]s ( !mselves & ( o!rs1 m5 :o und]/& ! managem5t & privilege ( passion1 become ! mo/ despis$ ( creatures 9 su* sy/ems ( ?\ght1 because !y are conf\nd$ ) ! vici\s & lic5ti\s2 & ! spe$ ( mank9d's elevation ?us gets to be det]m9$ by humanity's sl[e/ vessels4 ,aphorisms #hha1 #hhb1 #hhf fully elucidate ! above consid]ations1 :ile 9 #iab1 #iaf1 #idc1 & #iea we h plans ( a con/ructive tea*+ :i* ! rema9d] ( ,"p ,i4 elaborates4 ,& n[1 foll[+ ,nietzs*e c>efully ?r\gh ,"p ,,ii4 7,dionysus71 :at is ! inevitable conclusion ( all we h read8 ,?is analysis ( ! _w's collective values & _! ascription to a c]ta9 w to p[] may n[ seem to _m b an exhau/ive attempt at a new sy/em ( nom5clature1 & little else4 ,z a matt] or fact x is v mu* m ?an ?is4 ,by mean8 ( x ,nietzs*e wi%es to %[ mank9d h[ mu* has la91 & h[ mu* /ill lies1 9 man's p[] ,by lay+ 8 f+] on ev]y?+ & decl>+ to man t x 0 human w t creat$ x4 ,nietzs*e wi%$ to give man ! c\rage ( ?is w1 & a clean consci5ce 9 ex]cis+ x4 ,= x 0 precisely ?is v w to p[] :i* _h be5 mo/ hat$ & mo/ malign$ by ev]ybody up to ,nietzs*e's "t4 ,long en\gh1 prompt$ by ! fe> ( attribut+ any "o ( 8 happie/ ?\ghts to ?is hat$ fundam5tal w1 _h man ascrib$ all 8 valuations & all 8 mo/ sublime inspirations to some?+ outside himself1--:e!r ?is some?+ 7 a ,god1 a pr9ciple1 or ! concept ,tru?4 ,b ,nietzs*e's desire 0 to %[ man h[ human1 all too human1 h be5 ! values t h appe>$ h]et(ore2 he wi%$ to prove1 t to ! r>e sculptors ( values1 ! _w1 despite its pa/1 is /ill an op5 field ( yield+ clay1 & 9 po9t+ to :at ! w to p[] has done until n[1 ,nietzs*e sugge/s to ^! com+ sculptors :at might /ill be done1 provid$ !y fe> no?+1 & h t innoc5ce & t pr(\nd fai? 9 ! fundam5tal w :i* o!rs hi!rto h _h 9 ,god1 ,natural ,laws1 ,tru?1 & o!r euphemi/ic fictions4 ,! doctr9e ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce1 to :i* ,nietzs*e atta*$ s mu* importance t x may be reg>d$ almo/ z ! inspiration :i* l$ to 8 great "w1 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 ought to be und]/ood 9 ! light ( a purely discipl9>y & *a/5+ cre$4 ,9 "o ( 8 po/hum\s works we f9d ,nietzs*e say+3 ,! "q :i* ?\ %alt h to answ] be=e e de$ t ?\ doe/2--is ?is su* a de$ z ,i am prep>$ to p]=m an incalculable numb] ( times1--is ! be/ balla/4 ,?us x is obvi\s t1 feel+ ! ne$ ( some?+ 9 8 tea*+ :i* w\ld replace ! metaphysics ( =m] beliefs1 he appli$ ! doctr9e ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce to ?is end4 ,see+1 h[ev]1 t ev5 among ,nietzs*eans !mselves !re is consid]able d\bt conc]n+ ! actual value ( ! doctr9e z a rul+ belief1 x does n seem necess>y to ent] "h into ! sci5tific ju/ification :i* he claims = x4 ,suffice x to say t1 z k /&s at pres5t1 ! /atem5t t ! _w w recur et]nally 9 small ?+s z 9 great1 is /ill a some:at d>+ conjecture--a conjecture1 h[ev]1 :i* w\ld h be5 entirely w>rantable if its discipl9>y value _h be5 comm5surate ) its d>+4 ,,an?ony ,m4 ,,ludovici4 ,,?ird ,,book4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,a ,,new ,,valuation4 ,i4 ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] ,,9 ,,sci5ce4 7a7 ,! ,me?od ( ,inve/igation4 #dff4 ,! di/+ui%+ feature ( our n9ete5? c5tury is n ! triumph ( sci5ce1 b ! triumph ( ! sci5tific me?od ov] sci5ce4 #dfg4 ,! hi/ory ( sci5tific me?ods 0 reg>d$ by ,augu/e ,comte almo/ z philosophy itself4 #dfh4 ,! great ,me?odologi/s3 ,ari/otle1 ,bacon1 ,desc>tes1 ,augu/e ,comte4 #dfi4 ,! mo/ valuable k is always discov]$ la/3 b ! mo/ valuable k consi/s ( me?ods4 ,all me?ods1 all ! hypo!ses on :i* ! sci5ce ( our day dep5ds1 7 treat$ ) ! pr(\nde/ contempt = c5turies3 on _! acc\nt a man us$ to be bani%$ f ! society ( respectable p--he 0 held to be an enemy ( ,god1 a revil] ( ! highe/ ideal1 a madman4 ,we _h ! :ole pa?os ( mank9d aga9/ u1--our notion ( :at tru? ought to be1 ( :at ! s]vice ( tru? ought to be1 our objectivity1 our me?od1 our calm1 cauti\s & di/ru/ful mann] 7 altoge!r despicable4444 ,at bottom1 t :i* has kept m5 back mo/1 is an /hetic ta/e3 !y believ$ 9 ! picturesque effect ( tru?2 :at !y dem&$ ( ! sci5ti/ 01 t he %\ld make a /rong appeal to _! imag9ation4 ,f ! above1 x w\ld almo/ seem z if ! v rev]se _h be5 a*iev$1 z if a sudd5 jump _h be5 made3 z a matt] ( fact1 ! s*ool+ :i* ! moral hyp]boles af=d$1 gradually prep>$ ! way = t mild] =m ( pa?os :i* at la/ became inc>nate 9 ! sci5tific man4444 ,consci5ti\sness 9 small ?+s1 ! self-control ( ! religi\s man1 0 a prep>atory s*ool = ! sci5tific "*1 z 0 also1 9 a v pre-em95t s5se1 ! attitude ( m9d :i* makes a man take problems s]i\sly1 irrespective ( :at p]sonal advantage he may d]ive f !m4444 7b7 ,! ,/>t+-po9t ( ,epi/emology4 #dgj4 ,pr(\nd dis9cl9ation to halt once & = all at any collective view ( ! _w4 ,! *>m ( ! opposite po9t ( view3 ! refusal to rel9qui% ! /imulus resid+ 9 ! enigmatical4 #dga4 ,! hypo!sis t1 at bottom1 ?+s proce$ 9 su* a moral fa%ion t human reason mu/ be "r1 is a m]e piece ( good-natur$ & simple-m9d$ tru/fulness1 ! result ( ! belief 9 ,div9e tru?fulness--,god reg>d$ z ! ,creator ( all ?+s4--,^! concepts are our inh]itance f a =m] exi/5ce 9 a ,beyond4 #dgb4 ,! contradiction ( ! s-call$ facts ( consci\sness4 ,obs]vation a ?\s& times m difficult1 error is p]haps ! absolute condition ( obs]vation4 #dgc4 ,! intellect _c criticise itself1 simply because x c be comp>$ ) no o!r k9d ( intellect1 & also because its ability to "k w\ld only reveal itself 9 ! pres5ce ( actual reality2 t is to say1 because1 9 ord] to criticise ! intellect1 we %\ld h to be high] creatures ) absolute k4 ,?is w\ld presuppose ! exi/5ce ( some?+1 a ?+-9-itself1 ap>t f all ! p]spective k9ds ( obs]vation & s5so-spiritual p]ception4 ,b ! psy*ological orig9 ( ! belief 9 ?+s1 =bids our speak+ ( ?+s 9 !mselves4 #dgd4 ,! idea t a sort ( adequate relation exi/s betwe5 subject & object1 t ! object is some?+ :i* :5 se5 f inside w\ld be a subject1 is a well-meant inv5tion :i*1 ,i believe1 has se5 its be/ days4 ,! measure ( t :i* we are consci\s (1 is p]=ce entirely dep5d5t ^u ! co>se utility ( ! function ( consci\sness3 h[ c\ld ?is little g>ret-prospect ( consci\sness w>rant our ass]t+ any?+ 9 reg>d to subject & object1 :i* w\ld be> any relation to reality6 #dge4 ,criticism ( mod]n philosophy3 errone\s />t+-po9t1 z if !re 7 su* ?+s z facts ( consci\sness--& no ph5om5alism 9 introspection4 #dgf4 ,consci\sness--to :at ext5t is ! idea :i* is ?\ght (1 ! idea ( w1 or ! idea ( a feel+ 7:i* is kn[n by u alone71 q sup]ficial8 ,our inn] _w is also appe>ance4 #dgg4 ,i am conv9c$ ( ! ph5om5alism ( ! inn] _w also3 ev]y?+ t rea*es our consci\sness is utt]ly & completely adju/$1 simplifi$1 s*ematis$1 int]pret$1 ! actual process ( inn] p]ception1 ! relation ( causes betwe5 ?\ghts1 feel+s1 desires1 betwe5 subject & object1 is absolutely conceal$ f u1 & may be purely imag9>y4 ,?is inn] _w ( appe>ance is treat$ ) precisely ! same =ms & proc$ures z ! out] _w4 ,we nev] come across a s+le fact3 pleasure & pa9 are m rec5tly evolv$ intellectual ph5om5a4444 ,causality evades u2 to assume ! exi/5ce ( an imm$iate causal relation betwe5 ?\ghts1 z ,logic does1 is ! result ( ! co>se/ & mo/ clumsy obs]vation4 ,!re are all sorts ( passions t may int]v5e betwe5 two ?\ghts3 b ! int]action is too rapid--t is :y we fail to recognise !m1 t is :y we actually d5y _! exi/5ce4444 ,?9k+1 z ! epi/emologi/s und]/& r x1 nev] takes place at all3 x is an absolutely gratuit\s fabrication1 arriv$ at by select+ "o elem5t f ! process & by elim9at+ all ! re/--an artificial adju/m5t = ! purpose ( ! und]/&+4444 ,! m9d1 some?+ t ?9ks3 at times1 ev51 ! m9d absolute & pure--?is concept is an evolv$ & second result ( false introspection1 :i* believes 9 ?9k+3 9 ! fir/ place an act is imag9$ "h :i* does n really occur at all1 i4e4 ?9k+2 &1 secondly1 a subject-sub/ratum is imag9$ 9 :i* e process ( ?is ?9k+ has its orig91 & no?+ else--t is to say1 bo? ! action & ! ag5t are fanciful4 #dgh4 ,ph5om5alism mu/ n be s\ght 9 ! wrong qu>t]3 no?+ is m ph5om5al1 or1 to be m precise1 no?+ is s mu* deception1 z ?is inn] _w1 :i* we obs]ve ) ! inn] s5se4 ,our belief t ! w is a cause 0 s great1 t1 accord+ to our p]sonal exp]i5ces 9 g5]al1 we project$ a cause into all ph5om5a 7i4e4 a c]ta9 motive is posit$ z ! cause ( all ph5om5a74 ,we believe t ! ?\ghts :i* foll[ "o ^u ! o!r 9 our m9ds are l9k$ by "s sort ( causal relation3 ! logician1 m especially1 :o actually speaks ( a ho/ ( facts :i* h nev] once be5 se5 9 reality1 has gr[n accu/om$ to ! prejudice t ?\ghts are ! cause ( ?\ghts4 ,we believe--& ev5 our philosoph]s believe x /ill--t pleasure & pa9 are ! causes ( reactions1 t ! v purpose ( pleasure & pa9 is to occasion reactions4 ,= hundr$s ( ye>s1 pleasure & pa9 h be5 repres5t$ z ! motives = e action4 ,^u reflection1 h[ev]1 we are b\nd to conc$e t ev]y?+ w\ld h proce$$ 9 exactly ! same way1 accord+ to precisely ! same sequ5ce ( cause & effect1 if ! /ates pleasure & pa9 _h be5 entirely abs5t2 & t we are simply deceiv$ :5 we believe t !y actually cause any?+3--!y are ! att5dant ph5om5a1 & !y h q a diff]5t purpose f t ( provok+ reactions2 !y are 9 !mselves effects involv$ 9 ! process ( reaction :i* takes place4 ,9 %ort3 ,ev]y?+ t becomes consci\s is a f9al ph5om5on1 a conclusion--& is ! cause ( no?+2 all succession ( ph5om5a 9 consci\sness is absolutely atomi/ic4--,& we tri$ to und]/& ! univ]se f ! opposite po9t ( view--z if no?+ 7 effective or real1 save ?9k+1 feel+1 will+6 444 #dgi4 ,! ph5om5alism ( ! inn] _w6 ,a *ronological inv]sion takes place1 s t ! cause rea*es consci\sness z ! effect4--,we "k t pa9 is project$ into a c]ta9 "p ( ! body al?\gh x is n really situat$ !re2 we h le>nt t all s5sations :i* 7 +5u\sly suppos$ to be condition$ by ! out] _w are1 z a matt] ( fact1 condition$ by ! inn] _w3 t ! real action ( ! out] _w nev] takes place 9 a way ( :i* we c become consci\s4444 ,t fragm5t ( ! out] _w ( :i* we become consci\s1 is born aft] ! effect produc$ by ! out] _w has be5 record$1 & is subsequ5tly int]pret$ z ! cause ( t effect4444 ,9 ! ph5om5alism ( ! inn] _w1 ! *ronological ord] ( cause & effect is inv]t$4 ,! fundam5tal fact ( inn] exp]i5ce is1 t ! cause is imag9$ aft] ! effect has be5 record$4444 ,! same holds good ( ! sequ5ce ( ?\ghts3 we seek = ! reason ( a ?\ght1 be=e x has rea*$ our consci\sness2 & !n ! reason rea*es consci\sness fir/1 :]eupon foll[s its effect4 ,all our dreams are ! int]pretation ( our collective feel+s ) ! view ( discov]+ ! possible causes ( ! latt]2 & ! process is su* t a condition only becomes consci\s1 :5 ! suppos$ causal l9k has rea*$ consci\sness4#a ,! :ole ( inn] exp]i5ce is f\nd$ on ?is3 t a cause is s\ght & imag9$ :i* acc\nts = a c]ta9 irritation 9 our n]ve-c5tres1 & t x is only ! cause :i* is f\nd 9 ?is way :i* rea*es consci\sness2 ?is cause may h absolutely no?+ to d ) ! real cause--x is a sort ( grop+ assi/$ by =m] inn] exp]i5ces1 t is to say1 by memory4 ,! memory1 h[ev]1 reta9s ! habit ( old int]pretations1--t is to say1 ( errone\s causality1--s t inn] exp]i5ce comprises 9 itself all ! results ( =m] errone\s fabrications ( causes4 ,our outside _w1 z we conceive x e in/ant1 is indissolubly b\nd up ) ! old error ( cause3 we int]pret by means ( ! s*ematism ( ! ?+1 etc4 ,inn] exp]i5ce only ent]s consci\sness :5 x has f\nd a language :i* ! individual c und]/&--t is to say1 a translation ( a c]ta9 condition into conditions ) :i* he is famili>2 und]/& means simply ?is3 to be able to express some?+ new 9 ! t]ms ( some?+ old or famili>4 ,= in/ance1 ,i feel unwell--a judgm5t ( ?is sort presupposes a v great & rec5t neutrality on ! "p ( ! obs]v]3 ! simple man always says1 ,?is & t make me feel unwell1--he beg9s to be cle> conc]n+ 8 indisposition only aft] he has discov]$ a reason = x4444 ,?is is :at ,i call a lack ( philological k2 to be able to read a text1 z su*1 )\t read+ an int]pretation into x1 is ! late/ =m ( inn] exp]i5ce1--x is p]haps a b>ely possible =m4444 ,footnote #a3 ,:5 9 our dream we he> a bell r++1 or a tapp+ at our door1 we sc>cely ev] wake be=e hav+ already acc\nt$ = ! s\nd1 9 ! t]ms ( ! dream-_w we 7 94--,,tr4 #dhj4 ,!re are no su* ?+s z m9d1 reason1 ?\ght1 consci\sness1 s\l1 w1 or tru?3 !y all belong to fiction1 & c s]ve no purpose4 ,x is n a "q ( subject & object1 b ( a p>ticul> species ( animal :i* c prosp] only by means ( a c]ta9 exactness1 or1 bett] /ill1 regul>ity 9 record+ its p]ceptions 79 ord] t exp]i5ce may be capitalis$74444 ,k works z an in/rum5t ( p[]4 ,x is !re=e obvi\s t x increases ) ea* advance ( p[]4444 ,! purpose ( k3 9 ?is case1 z 9 ! case ( good or beautiful1 ! concept mu/ be reg>d$ /rictly & n>r[ly f an an?ropoc5tric & biological /&po9t4 ,9 ord] t a p>ticul> species may ma9ta9 & increase its p[]1 its conception ( reality mu/ conta9 en\gh :i* is calculable & con/ant to all[ ( its =mulat+ a s*eme ( conduct4 ,! utility ( pres]vation--& n "s ab/ract or !oretical ne$ to es*ew deception--/&s z ! motive =ce beh9d ! developm5t ( ! organs ( k2 444 !y evolve 9 su* a way t _! obs]vations may suffice = our pres]vation4 ,9 o!r words1 ! measure ( ! desire = k dep5ds ^u ! ext5t to :i* ! ,w to ,p[] gr[s 9 a c]ta9 species3 a species gets a grasp ( a giv5 am\nt ( reality1 9 ord] to ma/] x1 9 ord] to enli/ t am\nt 9 its s]vice4 7c7 ,! ,belief 9 ! ,ego4 ,subject4 #dha4 ,9 opposition to ,positivism1 :i* halts at ph5om5a & says1 ,^! are only facts & no?+ m1 ,i w\ld say3 ,no1 facts are precisely :at is lack+1 all t exi/s consi/s ( int]pretations4 ,we _c e/abli% any fact 9 itself3 x may ev5 be nons5se to desire to d su* a ?+4 ,ev]y?+ is subjective1 ye say3 b t 9 itself is int]pretation4 ,! subject is no?+ giv51 b some?+ sup]impos$ by fancy1 some?+ introduc$ beh9d4--,is x necess>y to set an int]pret] beh9d ! int]pretation already to h&8 ,ev5 t w\ld be fantasy1 hypo!sis4 ,to ! ext5t to :i* k has any s5se at all1 ! _w is kn[able3 b x may be int]pret$ diff]5tly1 x has n "o s5se beh9d x1 b hundr$s ( s5ses4--,p]spectivity4 ,x is our ne$s t int]pret ! _w2 our in/9cts & _! impulses = & aga9/4 ,e in/9ct is a sort ( ?ir/ = p[]2 ea* has its po9t ( view1 :i* x w\ld fa9 impose ^u all ! o!r in/9cts z _! norm4 #dhb4 ,:]e our ignorance really beg9s1 at t po9t f :i* we c see no fur!r1 we set a ^w2 = in/ance1 ! ^w ,i1 ! ^w d1 ! ^w suff]--^! concepts may be ! horizon l9es ( our k1 b !y are n tru?s4 #dhc4 ,ow+ to ! ph5om5on ?\ght1 ! ego is tak5 = grant$2 b up to ! pres5t ev]ybody believ$1 l ! p1 t !re 0 some?+ unconditionally c]ta9 9 ! notion ,i ?9k1 & t by analogy ) our und]/&+ ( all o!r causal reactions ?is ,i 0 ! giv5 cause ( ! ?9k+4 ,h[ev] cu/om>y & indisp5sable ?is fiction may h become n[1 ?is fact proves no?+ aga9/ ! imag9>y nature ( its orig92 x might be a life-pres]v+ belief & /ill be false4 #dhd4 ,some?+ is ?\ght1 !re=e !re is some?+ t ?9ks3 ?is is :at ,desc>tes' argum5t am\nts to4 ,b ?is is tantam\nt to consid]+ our belief 9 ! notion sub/ance z an a priori tru?3--t !re mu/ be some?+ t ?9ks :5 we ?9k1 is m]ely a =mulation ( a grammatical cu/om :i* sets an ag5t to e action4 ,9 %ort1 a metaphysico-logical po/ulate is already put =w>d "h--& x is n m]ely an asc]ta9m5t ( fact4444 ,on ,desc>tes' l9es no?+ absolutely c]ta9 is atta9$1 b only ! fact ( a v p[]ful fai?4 ,if ! proposition be r$uc$ to ,some?+ is ?\ght1 !re=e !re are ?\ghts1 ! result is m]e tautology2 & precisely ! "o factor :i* is 9 "q1 ! reality ( ?\ght1 is n t\*$ ^u1--s t1 9 ?is =m1 ! app>itional "* ( ?\ght _c be d5i$4 ,:at ,desc>tes want$ to prove 01 t ?\ght n only _h app>5t reality1 b absolute reality4 #dhe4 ,! concept sub/ance is an outcome ( ! concept subject1 & n conv]sely6 ,if we surr5d] ! concept s\l1 ! subject1 ! v conditions = ! concept sub/ance are lack+4 ,degrees ( ,be+ are obta9$1 b ,be+ is lo/4 ,criticism ( reality3 :at does a plus or m9us ( reality lead to1 ! gradation ( ,be+ 9 :i* we believe8 ,! degree ( our feel+ ( life & p[] 7! logic & relation%ip ( pa/ life7 pres5ts u ) ! measure ( ,be+1 reality1 non-appe>ance4 ,subject i ?is is ! t]m we apply to our belief 9 an entity und]ly+ all ! diff]5t mom5ts ( ! mo/ int5se s5sations ( reality2 we reg>d ?is belief z ! effect ( a cause1--& we believe 9 our belief to su* an ext5t t1 on its acc\nt alone1 we imag9e tru?1 reality1 sub/antiality4--a ,subject is ! fiction :i* w\ld fa9 make u believe t sev]al simil> /ates 7 ! effect ( "o sub/ratum3 b we x 0 :o fir/ creat$ ! simil>ity ( ^! /ates2 ! similis+ & adju/+ ( !m is ! fact--n _! simil>ity 7on ! contr>y1 ?is ought r to be d5i$74 #dhf4 ,"o w\ld h to "k :at ,be+ is1 9 ord] to be able to decide :e!r ?is or t is real 7= in/ance1 ! facts ( consci\sness72 x w\ld also be necess>y to "k :at c]ta9ty & k are1 & s =?4--,b1 z we d n "k ^! ?+s1 a criticism ( ! faculty ( k is nons5sical3 h[ is x possible = an in/rum5t to criticise itself1 :5 x is itself t ex]cises ! critical faculty4 ,x _c ev5 def9e itself6 #dhg4 ,%\ld n all philosophy ultimately disclose ! fir/ pr9ciples on :i* ! reason+ processes dep5d8--t is to say1 our belief 9 ! ego z a sub/ance1 z ! only reality accord+ to :i*1 alone1 we are able to ascribe reality to ?+s8 ,! olde/ realism at l5g? comes to light1 simultane\sly ) man's recognition ( ! fact t 8 :ole religi\s hi/ory is no m ?an a hi/ory ( s\l-sup]/itions4 ,"h !re is a b>ri]2 our v ?9k+1 itself1 involves t belief 7) its di/9ctions--sub/ance1 accid5t1 action1 ag5t1 etc472 to ab&on x w\ld mean to cease f be+ able to ?9k4 ,b t a belief1 h[ev] useful x may be = ! pres]vation ( a species1 has no?+ to d ) ! tru?1 may be se5 f ! fact t we mu/ believe 9 "t1 space1 & motion1 )\t feel+ ourselves compell$ to reg>d !m z absolute realities4 #dhh4 ,! psy*ological orig9 ( our belief 9 reason4--,! ideas reality1 ,be+1 are d]iv$ f our subject-feel+4 ,subject1 int]pret$ ?r\gh ourselves s t ! ego may /& z sub/ance1 z ! cause ( action1 z ! ag5t4 ,! metaphysico-logical po/ulates1 ! belief 9 sub/ance1 accid5t1 attribute1 etc4 etc41 draws its conv9c+ "* f our habit ( reg>d+ all our actions z ! result ( our w3 s t ! ego1 z sub/ance1 does n vani% 9 ! multiplicity ( *anges4--,b !re is no su* ?+ z w4 ,we h no categories :i* all[ u to sep>ate a _w z ?+-9-itself1 f a _w ( appe>ance4 ,all our categories ( reason h a s5sual orig93 !y are d$uctions f ! empirical _w4 ,! s\l1 ! ego--! hi/ory ( ^! concepts %[s t "h1 also1 ! olde/ di/9ction 7spiritus1 life7 obta9s4444 ,if !re is no?+ mat]ial1 !n !re c be no?+ immat]ial4 ,! concept no long] means any?+4 ,no subject-atoms4 ,! sph]e ( a subject increas+ or dim9i%+ unremitt+ly1 ! c5tre ( ! sy/em cont9ually displac+ itself1 9 ! ev5t ( ! sy/em no long] be+ able to organise ! appropriat$ mass1 x divides into two4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is able1 )\t de/roy+ x1 to trans=m a weak] subject into "o ( its own function>ies1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 to compose a new entity ) x4 ,n a sub/ance1 b r some?+ :i* 9 itself /rives aft] great] /r5g?2 & :i* wi%es to pres]ve itself only indirectly 7x wi%es to surpass itself74 #dhi4 ,ev]y?+ t rea*es consci\sness z an entity is already enorm\sly complicat$3 we nev] h any?+ m ?an ! semblance ( an entity4 ,! ph5om5on ( ! body is ! ri*]1 m di/9ct1 & m tangible ph5om5on3 x %\ld be me?odically drawn to ! front1 & no m5tion %\ld be made ( its ultimate significance4 #dij4 ,! assumption ( a s+le subject is p]haps n necess>y1 x may be equally p]missible to assume a plurality ( subjects1 ^: int]action & /ruggle lie at ! bottom ( our ?\ght & our consci\sness 9 g5]al4 ,a sort ( ari/ocracy ( cells 9 :i* ! rul+ p[] is ve/$8 ,( c\rse an ari/ocracy ( equals1 :o are accu/om$ to rul+ co-op]atively1 & und]/& h[ to comm&8 ,my hypo!ses4 ,! subject z a plurality4 ,pa9 intellectual & dep5d5t ^u ! judgm5t h>mful1 project$4 ,! effect always unconsci\s3 ! inf]r$ & imag9$ cause is project$1 x foll[s ! ev5t4 ,pleasure is a =m ( pa94 ,! only k9d ( p[] t exi/s is ( ! same nature z ! p[] ( w3 a comm&+ ( o!r subjects :i* !reupon alt] !mselves4 ,! unremitt+ transi5tness & volatility ( ! subject4 ,mortal s\l4 ,numb] z p]spective =m4 #dia4 ,! belief 9 ! body is m fundam5tal ?an ! belief 9 ! s\l3 ! latt] arose f ! unsci5tific obs]vation ( ! agonies ( ! body4 7,some?+ :i* leaves x4 ,! belief 9 ! tru? ( dreams7 #dib4 ,! body & physiology ! />t+-po9t3 :y8--,we obta9 a correct image ( ! nature ( our subject-entity1 t is to say1 z a numb] ( reg5ts at ! head ( a community 7n z s\ls or z life-=ces7 z also ( ! dep5d5ce ( ^! reg5ts ^u _! subjects1 & ^u ! conditions ( a hi]>*y1 & ( ! division ( lab\r1 z ! means ensur+ ! exi/5ce ( ! "p & ! :ole4 ,we also obta9 a correct image ( ! way 9 :i* ! liv+ entities cont9ually come into be+ & expire1 & we see h[ et]nity _c belong to ! subject2 we realise t ! /ruggle f9ds expression 9 obey+ z well z 9 comm&+1 & t a fluctuat+ def9ition ( ! limits ( p[] is a factor ( life4 ,! comp>ative ignorance 9 :i* ! rul] is kept1 ( ! individual p]=mances & ev5 di/urbances tak+ place 9 ! community1 also belong to ! conditions "u :i* gov]nm5t may be c>ri$ on4 ,9 %ort1 we obta9 a valuation ev5 ( want-(-k1 ( see+-?+s-g5]ally-z-a-:ole1 ( simplification1 ( falsification1 & ( p]spective4 ,:at is mo/ important1 h[ev]1 is1 t we reg>d ! rul] & 8 subjects z ( ! same k9d1 all feel+1 will+1 ?9k+--& t :]ev] we see or suspect movem5t 9 a body1 we conclude t !re is co-op]ative-subjective & invisible life4 ,movem5t z a symbol = ! eye2 x d5otes t some?+ has be5 felt1 will$1 ?\ght4 ,! dang] ( directly que/ion+ ! subject conc]n+ ! subject1 & all spiritual self-reflection1 consi/s 9 ?is1 t x might be a necess>y condition ( its activity to int]pret itself errone\sly4 ,t is :y we appeal to ! body & lay ! evid5ce ( %>p5$ s5ses aside3 or we try & see :e!r ! subjects !mselves _c ent] into communication ) u4 7d7 ,biology ( ! ,in/9ct ( ,k4 ,p]spectivity4 #dic4 ,tru? is t k9d ( error )\t :i* a c]ta9 species ( liv+ be+ _c exi/4 ,! value = ,life is ultimately decisive4 #did4 ,x is unlikely t our k ext5ds f>!r ?an is exactly necess>y = our self-pres]vation4 ,morphology %[s u h[ ! s5ses & ! n]ves z well z ! bra9 evolve 9 proportion z ! difficulties ( acquir+ su/5ance increase4 #die4 ,if ! morality ( ,?\ %alt n lie be refut$1 ! s5se = tru? w !n h to ju/ify itself be=e ano!r tribunal--z a means to ! pres]vation ( man1 z ,w to ,p[]4 ,likewise our love ( ! beautiful3 x is also ! creative w4 ,bo? s5ses /& side by side2 ! s5se ( tru? is ! means :]e) ! p[] is appropriat$ to adju/ ?+s accord+ to "o's ta/e4 ,! love ( adju/+ & re=m+--a primeval love6 ,we c only take cognisance ( a _w :i* we ourselves h made4 #dif4 ,conc]n+ ! multif>i\sness ( k4 ,! trac+ ( its relation to _m o!r ?+s 7or ! relation ( k9d7--h[ %\ld k be ( ano!r8 ,! way to "k & to inve/igate is 9 itself among ! conditions ( life2 t is :y ! conclusion t !re c\ld be no o!r k9d ( intellect 7= ourselves7 ?an ! k9d :i* s]ves ! purpose ( our pres]vation is an excessively ha/y "o3 ?is actual condition may be only an accid5tal1 n 9 ! lea/ an ess5tial2 "o4 ,our app>atus = acquir+ k is n adju/$ = k4 #dig4 ,! mo/ /rongly cr$it$ a priori tru?s are1 to my m9d1 m]e assumptions p5d+ fur!r inve/igation2 = in/ance1 ! law ( causation is a belief s ?or\ghly acquir$ by practice & s completely assimilat$1 t to disbelieve 9 x w\ld mean ! ru9 ( our k9d4 ,b is x !re=e true8 ,:at an extraord9>y conclusion6 ,z if tru? 7 prov$ by ! m]e fact t man survives6 #dih4 ,to :at ext5t is our intellect also a result ( ! conditions ( life8--,we %\ld n h x did we n ne$ to h x1 & we %\ld n h x z we h x1 if we did n ne$ x z we ne$ x--t is to say1 if we c\ld live o!rwise4 #dii4 ,?9k+ 9 a primitive 7inorganic7 /ate is to p]sev]e 9 =ms1 z 9 ! case ( ! cry/al4--,9 our ?\ght1 ! ess5tial factor is ! h>monis+ ( ! new mat]ial ) ! old s*emes 7 ,procru/es' b$71 ! assimilation ( ! unfamili>4 #ejj4 ,! p]ception ( ! s5ses project$ outw>ds3 inw>ds & outw>ds--does ! body comm& "h8 ,! same equalis+ & ord]+ p[] :i* rules 9 ! idioplasma1 also rules 9 ! incorporation ( ! out] _w3 our s5sual p]ceptions are already ! result ( ?is process ( adaptation & h>monisation 9 reg>d to all ! pa/ 9 u2 !y d n foll[ directly ^u ! impression4 #eja4 ,all ?\ght1 judgm5t1 p]ception1 reg>d$ z an act ( comp>+#b has z a fir/ condition ! act ( equalis+1 & e>li] /ill ! act ( mak+ equal4 ,! process ( mak+ equal is ! same z ! assimilation by ! amba ( ! nutritive matt] x appropriates4 ,memory late1 9 s f> z ! equalis+ in/9ct appe>s to h be5 subdu$3 ! diff]5ce is pres]v$4 ,memory--a process ( classification & collocation2 active--:o8 ,footnote #b3 ,! ,g]man ^w v]glei*51 mean+ to comp>e1 conta9s ! root equal 7glei*7 :i* _c be r5d]$ 9 ,engli%4 ,,tr4 #ejb4 ,9 reg>d to ! memory1 we mu/ unle>n a great deal3 "h we meet ) ! greate/ temptation to assume ! exi/5ce ( a s\l1 :i*1 irrespective ( "t1 reproduces & recognises aga9 & aga91 etc4 ,:at ,i h exp]i5c$1 h[ev]1 cont9ues to live 9 ! memory2 ,i h no?+ to d ) x :5 memory comes1 my w is inactive 9 reg>d to x1 z 9 ! case ( ! com+ & go+ ( a ?\ght4 ,some?+ happ5s1 ( :i* ,i become consci\s3 n[ some?+ simil> comes--:o has call$ x =?8 ,:o has awak5$ x8 #ejc4 ,! :ole app>atus ( k is an ab/ract+ & simplify+ app>atus--n direct$ at k1 b at ! appropriation ( ?+s3 end & means are z remote f ! ess5ce ( ?is app>atus z concepts are4 ,by ! end & ! means a process is appropriat$ 7--a process is inv5t$ :i* may be grasp$71 b by concepts "o appropriates ! ?+s :i* con/itute ! process4 #ejd4 ,consci\sness beg9s outw>dly z co-ord9ation & k ( impressions1--at fir/ x is at ! po9t :i* is remote/ f ! biological c5tre ( ! individual2 b x is a process :i* deep5s & :i* t5ds to become m & m an inn] function1 cont9ually approa*+ ne>] to ! c5tre4 #eje4 ,our p]ceptions1 z we und]/& !m--t is to say1 ! sum ( all ^? p]ceptions ! consci\sness :]e( 0 useful & ess5tial to u & to ! :ole organic processes :i* prec$$ u3 !re=e !y d n include all p]ceptions 7= in/ance1 n ! electrical ones72--t is to say1 we h s5ses only = a def9ite selection ( p]ceptions--su* p]ceptions z conc]n u ) a view to our self-pres]vation4 ,consci\sness ext5ds s f> only z x is useful4 ,!re c be no d\bt t all our s5se-p]ceptions are entirely p]meat$ by valuations 7useful or h>mful--consequ5tly1 pleasant or pa9ful74 ,e p>ticul> col\r2 besides be+ a col\r1 expresses a value to u 7al?\gh we seldom admit x1 or d s only aft] x has affect$ u exclusively = a long "t1 z 9 ! case ( convicts 9 gaol or lunatics74 ,insects likewise react 9 diff]5t ways to diff]5t col\rs3 "s l ?is %ade1 ! o!rs t4 ,ants are a case 9 po9t4 #ejf4 ,9 ! beg9n+ images h[ images orig9ate 9 ! m9d mu/ be expla9$4 ,!n words1 appli$ to images4 ,f9ally concepts1 possible only :5 !re are words--! assembl+ ( sev]al pictures into a :ole :i* is n = ! eye b = ! e> 7^w74 ,! small am\nt ( emotion :i* ! ^w g5]ates1--t is1 !n1 :i* ! view ( ! simil> pictures g5]ates1 = :i* "o ^w is us$1--?is simple emotion is ! common factor1 ! basis ( a concept4 ,t weak feel+s %\ld all be reg>d$ z alike1 z ! same1 is ! fundam5tal fact4 ,!re is !re=e a confusion ( two v intimately associat$ feel+s 9 ! asc]ta9m5t ( ^! feel+s2--b :o is x t asc]ta9s8 ,fai? is ! v fir/ /ep 9 e s5sual impression3 a sort ( yea-say+ is ! fir/ intellectual activity6 ,a hold+-a-?+-to-be-true is ! beg9n+4 ,x 7 our bus9ess1 !re=e1 to expla9 h[ ! hold+-(-a-?+-to-be-true arose6 ,:at s5sation lies b5ea? ! comm5t true8 #ejg4 ,! valuation1 ,i believe t ?is & t is s1 is ! ess5ce ( tru?4 ,9 all valuations1 ! conditions ( pres]vation & ( gr[? f9d expression4 ,all our organs & s5ses ( k h be5 develop$ only 9 view ( ! conditions ( pres]vation & gr[?4 ,! tru/ 9 reason & its categories1 ! tru/ 9 dialectics1 & also ! valuation ( logic1 prove only t exp]i5ce has taught ! usefulness ( ^! ?+s to life3 n _! tru?4 ,! pr]equisites ( all liv+ ?+s & ( _! lives is3 t !re %\ld be a l>ge am\nt ( fai?1 t x %\ld be possible to pass def9ite judgm5ts on ?+s1 & t !re %\ld be no d\bt at all conc]n+ all ess5tial values4 ,?us x is necess>y t some?+ %\ld be assum$ to be true1 n t x is true4 ,! real _w & ! _w ( appe>ance-- ,i trace ?is contra/ to ! relation ( values4 ,we h posit$ our conditions ( exi/5ce z ! attributes ( be+ 9 g5]al4 ,ow+ to ! fact t1 9 ord] to prosp]1 we mu/ be /able 9 our belief1 we develop$ ! idea t ! real _w 0 nei!r a *ang+ nor an evolv+ "o1 b a _w ( be+4 7e7 ,! ,orig9 ( ,reason & ,logic4 #ejh4 ,orig9ally !re 0 *aos among our ideas4 ,^? ideas :i* 7 able to /& side by side rema9$ ov]1 ! great] numb] p]i%$--& are /ill p]i%+4 #eji4 ,! k+dom ( desires out ( :i* logic grew3 ! greg>i\s in/9ct 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! assumption ( simil> facts is ! fir/ condition = simil> s\ls4 ,= ! purpose ( mutual und]/&+ & gov]nm5t4 #eaj4 ,conc]n+ ! orig9 ( logic4 ,! fundam5tal pron5ess to equalise ?+s & to see !m equal1 gets to be modifi$1 & kept )9 b\nds1 by ! consid]ation ( :at is useful or h>mful--9 fact1 by consid]ations ( success3 x !n becomes adapt$ 9 su*wise z to be gratifi$ 9 a mild] way1 )\t at ! same "t d5y+ life or endang]+ x4 ,?is :ole process corresponds entirely ) t ext]nal & me*anical process 7:i* is its symbol7 by :i* ! protoplasm cont9ually assimilates1 makes equal to itself1 :at x appropriates1 & arranges x accord+ to its own =ms & requirem5ts4 #eaa4 ,lik5ess & ,simil>ity4 #a4 ,! co>s] ! organ ! m app>5t lik5esses x sees2 #b4 ,! m9d w h lik5ess--t is to say1 ! id5tification ( "o s5sual impression ) o!rs already exp]i5c$3 j z ! body assimilates inorganic matt]4 ,= ! und]/&+ ( ,logic3-- ,! w :i* t5ds to see lik5ess ev]y:]e is ! w to p[]--! belief t some?+ is s & s 7! ess5ce ( a judgm5t71 is ! result ( a w :i* w\ld fa9 h x z simil> z possible4 #eab4 ,logic is b\nd up ) ! proviso3 grant$ t id5tical cases exi/4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 be=e "o c ?9k & conclude 9 a logical fa%ion1 ?is condition mu/ fir/ be assum$4 ,t is to say1 ! w to logical tru? _c be consummat$ be=e a fundam5tal falsification ( all ph5om5a has be5 assum$4 ,f :i* x foll[s t an in/9ct rules "h1 :i* is capable ( employ+ bo? means3 fir/1 falsification2 & secondly1 ! c>ry+ out ( its own po9t ( view3 logic does n spr+ f a w to tru?4 #eac4 ,! inv5tive =ce :i* devis$ ! categories1 work$ 9 ! s]vice ( our ne$ ( security1 ( quick intelligibility1 9 ! =m ( signs1 s\nds1 & abbreviations4--,sub/ance1 subject1 object1 ,be+1 ,becom+1 are n matt]s ( metaphysical tru?4 ,x 0 ! p[]ful :o made ! names ( ?+s into law1 &1 among ! p[]ful1 x 0 ! greate/ arti/s 9 ab/raction :o creat$ ! categories4 #ead4 ,a moral--t is to say1 a me?od ( liv+ :i* long exp]i5ce & exp]im5t h te/$ & prov$ effici5t1 at la/ ent]s consci\sness z a law1 z dom9ant4444 ,& !n ! :ole gr\p ( relat$ values & conditions become "p ( x3 x becomes v5]able1 unassailable1 holy1 true2 a necess>y "p ( its evolution is t its orig9 %\ld be =gott54444 ,t is a sign t x has become ma/]4 ,exactly ! same ?+ might h happ5$ ) ! categories ( reason3 ! latt]1 aft] mu* grop+ & _m trials1 might h prov$ true ?r\gh relative usefulness4444 ,a /age 0 rea*$ :5 !y 7 grasp$ z a :ole1 & :5 !y appeal$ to consci\sness z a :ole1--:5 belief 9 !m 0 comm&$1--t is to say1 :5 !y act$ z if !y comm&$4444 ,f t "t =w>d !y pass$ z a priori1 z beyond exp]i5ce1 z irrefutable4 ,&1 possibly1 !y may h be5 ! expression ( no m ?an a c]ta9 practicality answ]+ ! ends ( a race & a species1--_! usefulness alone is _! tru?4 #eae4 ,! object is1 n to "k1 b to s*ematise1--to impose z mu* regul>ity & =m ^u *aos1 z our practical ne$s require4 ,9 ! =mation ( reason1 logic1 & ! categories1 x 0 a ne$ 9 u t 0 ! det]m9+ p[]3 n ! ne$ to "k1 b to classify1 to s*ematise1 = ! purpose ( intelligibility & calculation4 7,! adju/m5t & int]pretation ( all simil> & equal ?+s1--! same process1 :i* e s5sual impression und]goes1 is ! developm5t ( reason67 ,no pre-exi/+ idea _h any?+ to d ) x3 b utility1 :i* tea*es u t ?+s c be reckon$ ) & manag$1 only :5 we view !m r\ghly z equal4444 ,f9ality 9 reason is an effect1 n a cause3 ,life deg5]ates ) e o!r =m ( reason1 al?\gh con/ant attempts are be+ made to atta9 to ^? o!r =ms ( reason2--= ,life w\ld !n become too obscure1 too unequal4 ,! categories are tru?s only 9 ! s5se t !y are ! conditions ( our exi/5ce1 j z ,euclid's ,space is a conditional tru?4 7,betwe5 ourselves1 z no "o w ma9ta9 t m5 are absolutely necess>y1 reason1 z well z ,euclid's ,space1 are se5 to be b an idiosyncrasy ( "o p>ticul> species ( animals1 "o idiosyncrasy alone among _m o!rs44447 ,! subjective con/ra9t :i* prev5ts "o f contradict+ "h1 is a biological con/ra9t3 ! in/9ct :i* makes u see ! utility ( conclud+ z we d conclude1 is 9 our blood1 we are almo/ ?is in/9ct4444 ,b :at simplicity x is to attempt to d]ive f ?is fact t we possess an absolute tru?6 444 ,! inability to contradict any?+ is a pro( ( impot5ce b n ( tru?4 #eaf4 ,we are n able to affirm & to d5y "o & ! same ?+3 t is a pr9ciple ( subjective exp]i5ce--:i* is n 9 ! lea/ necess>y1 b only a sign ( inability4 ,if1 accord+ to ,ari/otle1 ! pr9cipium contradictionis is ! mo/ c]ta9 ( all pr9ciples2 if x is ! mo/ ultimate ( all1 & ! basis ( e demon/ration2 if ! pr9ciple ( e o!r axiom lie )9 x3 !n "o %\ld analyse x all ! m sev]ely1 9 ord] to discov] h[ _m assumptions already lie at its root4 ,x ei!r assumes some?+ conc]n+ reality & ,be+1 z if ^! _h become kn[n 9 "s o!r sph]e--t is to say1 z if x 7 impossible to ascribe ! opposite attributes to x2 or ! proposition means3 t ! opposites %\ld n be ascrib$ to x4 ,9 t case1 logic w\ld be an imp]ative1 n direct$ at ! k ( tru?1 b at ! adju/+ & fix+ ( a _w :i* mu/ seem true to u4 ,9 %ort1 ! "q is a debatable "o3 are ! axioms ( logic adequate to reality1 or are !y measures & means by :i* alone we c1 create realities1 or ! concept reality8444 ,9 ord] to affirm ! fir/ alt]native1 h[ev]1 "o w\ld1 z we h se51 require a previ\s k ( ,be+2 :i* is c]ta9ly n ! case4 ,! proposition !re=e conta9s no crit]ion ( tru?1 b an imp]ative conc]n+ t :i* %\ld pass z true4 ,suppos+ !re 7 no su* ?+ z ,a id5tical ) itself1 z e logical 7& ma!matical7 proposition presupposes1 & t ,a is 9 itself an appe>ance1 !n logic w\ld h a m]e _w ( appe>ance z its fir/ condition4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we believe 9 t proposition1 "u ! influ5ce ( an endless empiricism :i* seems to confirm x e m9ute4 ,! ?+--t is ! real sub/ratum ( ,a2 our belief 9 ?+s is ! fir/ condition ( our fai? 9 logic4 ,! ,a 9 logic is1 l ! atom1 a recon/ruction ( ! ?+4444 ,by n und]/&+ ?is1 & by mak+ logic into a crit]ion ( real be+1 we are already on ! road to ! classification ( all ^? hypo/ases1 sub/ance1 attribute1 object1 subject1 action1 etc41 z realities--t is to say1 ! conception ( a metaphysical _w or a real _w 7--?is is1 h[ev]1 once m ! _w ( appe>ance44474 ,! primitive acts ( ?\ght1 affirmation1 & negation1 ! hold+ ( a ?+ = true1 & ! hold+ ( a ?+ = n true1--9 s f> z !y d n only presuppose a m]e habit1 b ! v "r to po/ulate tru? or untru? at all1--are already dom9at$ by a belief1 t !re is su* a ?+ z k = u1 & t judgm5ts c really hit ! tru?3 9 %ort1 logic nev] d\bts t x is able to pron\nce some?+ conc]n+ tru? 9 itself 7--t is to say1 t to ! ?+ :i* is 9 itself true1 no opposite attributes c be ascrib$74 ,9 ?is belief !re reigns ! s5sual & co>se prejudice t our s5sations tea* u tru?s conc]n+ ?+s1--t ,i _c at ! same mom5t ( "t say ( "o & ! same ?+ t x is h>d & s(t4 7,! in/9ctive pro(1 ,i _c h two opposite s5sations at once1 is q co>se & false47 ,t all contradiction 9 concepts %\ld be =bidd51 is ! result ( a belief1 t we are able to =m concepts1 t a concept n only *>act]ises b also holds ! ess5ce ( a ?+4444 ,z a matt] ( fact1 logic 7l geometry & ari?metic7 only holds good ( assum$ exi/5ces :i* we h creat$4 ,logic is ! attempt on our "p to und]/& ! actual _w accord+ to a s*eme ( ,be+ devis$ by ourselves2 or1 m exactly1 x is our attempt at mak+ ! actual _w m calculable & m susceptible to =mulation1 = our own purposes4444 #eag4 ,9 ord] to be able to ?9k & to draw conclusions1 x is necess>y to ackn[l$ge t :i* exi/s3 logic only deals ) =mul = ?+s :i* are con/ant4 ,t is :y ?is ackn[l$gm5t w\ld n 9 ! lea/ prove reality3 t :i* is is "p ( our optics4 ,! ego reg>d$ z ,be+ 7n affect$ by ei!r ,becom+ or evolution74 ,! assum$ _w ( subject1 sub/ance1 reason1 etc41 is necess>y1 an adju/+1 simplify+ falsify+1 artificially-sep>at+ p[] resides 9 u4 ,tru? is ! w to be ma/] ov] ! manifold s5sations t rea* consci\sness2 x is ! w to classify ph5om5a accord+ to def9ite categories4 ,9 ?is way we />t out ) a belief 9 ! true nature ( ?+s 7we reg>d ph5om5a z real74 ,! "* ( ! _w 9 ! process ( ,becom+ is n susceptible ( =mulation2 x is false & contradicts itself4 ,k & ! process ( evolution exclude ea* o!r4 ,consequ5tly1 k mu/ be some?+ else3 x mu/ be prec$$ by a w to make ?+s kn[able1 a k9d ( ,becom+ 9 itself mu/ create ! illusion ( ,be+4 #eah4 ,if our ego is ! only =m ( ,be+1 accord+ to :i* we make & und]/& all ,be+3 v good6 ,9 t case x 7 v prop] to d\bt :e!r an illusion ( p]spective 7 n active "h--! app>5t unity :i* ev]y?+ assumes 9 our eyes on ! horizon-l9e4 ,appeal+ to ! body = our guidance1 we are confront$ by su* appall+ manifoldness1 t = ! sake ( me?od x is all[able to use t ph5om5on :i* is ri*] & m easily /udi$ z a clue to ! und]/&+ ( ! poor] ph5om5on4 ,f9ally3 admitt+ t all is ,becom+1 k is only possible :5 bas$ on a belief 9 ,be+4 #eai4 ,if !re is only "o =m ( ,be+1 ! ego1 & all o!r =ms ( ,be+ are made 9 its own image1--if1 9 %ort1 ! belief 9 ! ego1 toge!r ) ! belief 9 logic1 /&s & falls ) ! metaphysical tru? ( ! categories ( reason3 if1 9 addition1 ! ego is %[n to be some?+ t is evolv+3 !n---- #ebj4 ,! cont9ual transitions t occur1 =bid our speak+ ( ! individual1 etc42 ! numb] ( be+s itself fluctuates4 ,we %\ld "k no?+ ( "t or ( movem5t1 if1 9 a r\gh way1 we did n believe we saw ?+s /&+ /ill beh9d or 9 front ( ?+s mov+4 ,we %\ld also "k j z little ab\t cause & effect1 & )\t ! errone\s idea ( empty space we %\ld nev] h arriv$ at ! concept ( space at all4 ,! pr9ciple ( id5tity is bas$ on ! fact ( appe>ance t !re are "s ?+s alike4 ,/rictly speak+1 x w\ld n be possible to und]/& & "k an evolv+ _w2 some?+ :i* is call$ k exi/s only 9 s f> z ! und]/&+ & kn[+ intellect already f9ds an adju/$ & r\gh _w to h&1 fa%ion$ out ( a ho/ ( m]e appe>ances1 b become fix$ to ! ext5t 9 :i* ?is k9d ( appe>ance has help$ to pres]ve life2 only to ?is ext5t is k possible--t is to say1 z a measur+ ( e>li] & m rec5t errors by "o ano!r4 #eba4 ,conc]n+ logical appe>ance4--,! concept individual & ! concept species are equally false & only app>5t4 ,species only expresses ! fact t an abundance ( simil> creatures come =? at ! same "t1 & t ! spe$ ( _! fur!r gr[? & ( _! fur!r trans=mation has be5 made almo/ imp]ceptible = a long "t3 s t ! actual & trivial *anges & increase ( gr[? are ( no acc\nt at all 7--a /age ( evolution 9 :i* ! process ( evolv+ is n visible1 s t1 n only does a /ate ( equilibrium seem to h be5 rea*$1 b ! road is also made cle> = ! error ( suppos+ t an actual goal has be5 rea*$--& t evolution _h a goal44474 ,! =m seems to be some?+ endur+1 & !re=e valuable2 b ! =m 0 inv5t$ m]ely by ourselves2 & h[ev] (t5 ! same =m is atta9$1 x does n signify t x is ! same =m1--because some?+ new always appe>s2 & we alone1 :o comp>e1 reckon ! new ) ! old1 9 s f> z x resembles ! latt]1 & embody ! two 9 ! unity ( =m4 ,z if a type _h to be rea*$ & 7 actually int5d$ by ! =mative processes4 ,=m1 species1 law1 idea1 purpose--! same fault is made 9 respect ( all ^! concepts1 namely1 t ( giv+ a false realism to a piece ( fiction3 z if all ph5om5a 7 infus$ ) "s sort ( ob$i5t _s--an artificial di/9ction is "h made betwe5 t :i* acts & t :i* guides action 7b bo? ^! ?+s are only fix$ 9 ord] to agree ) our metaphysico-logical dogma3 !y are n facts74 ,we %\ld n int]pret ?is con/ra9t 9 ourselves1 to imag9e concepts1 species1 =ms1 purposes1 & laws 7a _w ( id5tical cases7 z if we 7 9 a position to con/ruct a real _w2 b z a con/ra9t to adju/ a _w by means ( :i* our exi/5ce w be ensur$3 we !reby create a _w :i* is det]m9able1 simplifi$1 compreh5sible1 etc41 = u4 ,! v same con/ra9t is active 9 ! functions ( ! s5ses :i* support ! reason--by means ( simplification1 co>s5+1 acc5tuation1 & int]pretation2 :]eon all recognition1 all ! ability ( mak+ "o's self intelligible re/s4 ,our ne$s h made our s5ses s precise1 t ! same _w ( appe>ance always returns1 & has ?us acquir$ ! semblance ( reality4 ,our subjective con/ra9t to h fai? 9 logic1 is expressive only ( ! fact t long be=e logic itself became consci\s 9 u1 we did no?+ save introduce its po/ulates into ! nature ( ?+s3 n[ we f9d ourselves 9 _! pres5ce1--we c no long] help x1--& n[ we w\ld fa9 believe t ?is con/ra9t is a gu>antee ( tru?4 ,we x 0 :o creat$ ! ?+1 ! same ?+1 ! subject1 ! attribute1 ! action1 ! object1 ! sub/ance1 & ! =m1 aft] we _h c>ri$ ! process ( equalis+1 co>s5+1 & simplify+ z f> z possible4 ,! _w seems logical to u1 because we h already made x logical4 #ebb4 ,fundam5tal solution4--,we believe 9 reason3 ?is is1 h[ev]1 ! philosophy ( col\rless concepts4 ,language is built ^u ! mo/ naf prejudices4 ,n[ we read discord & problems into ?+s1 because we are able to ?9k only 9 ! =m ( language--we also believe 9 ! et]nal tru? ( wisdom 7= in/ance1 subject1 attribute1 etc474 ,we cease f ?9k+ if we d n wi% to ?9k "u ! control ( language2 ! mo/ we c d is to atta9 to an attitude ( d\bt conc]n+ ! "q :e!r ! b\nd>y "h really is a b\nd>y4 ,rational ?\ght is a process ( int]pret+ accord+ to a s*eme :i* we _c reject4 7f7 ,consci\sness4 #ebc4 ,!re is no great] error ?an t ( mak+ psy*ical & physical ph5om5a ! two faces1 ! two manife/ations ( ! same sub/ance4 ,by ?is means no?+ is expla9$3 ! concept sub/ance is utt]ly useless z a means ( explanation4 ,consci\sness may be reg>d$ z second>y1 almo/ an indiff]5t & sup]flu\s ?+1 probably de/9$ to disappe> & to be sup]s$$ by p]fect automatism-- ,:5 we obs]ve m5tal ph5om5a we may be lik5$ to ! deaf & dumb :o div9e ! spok5 ^w1 :i* !y d n he>1 f ! movem5ts ( ! speak]'s lips4 ,f ! appe>ance ( ! inn] m9d we draw conclusions conc]n+ invisible & o!r ph5om5a1 :i* we c\ld asc]ta9 if our p[]s ( obs]vation 7 adequate = ! purpose4 ,= ?is inn] _w we h no f9] organs1 & t is :y a complexity :i* is ?\s&fold rea*es our consci\sness z a simple entity1 & we inv5t a process ( causation 9 x1 despite ! fact t we c p]ceive no cause ei!r ( ! movem5t or ( ! *ange--! sequ5ce ( ?\ghts & feel+s is no?+ m ?an _! becom+ visible to consci\sness4 ,t ?is sequ5ce has any?+ to d ) a *a9 ( causes is n wor?y ( belief3 consci\sness nev] communicates an example ( cause & effect to u4 #ebd4 ,! "p consci\sness plays1--,x is ess5tial t "o %\ld n mi/ake ! "p t consci\sness plays x is our relation to ! out] _w2 x 0 ! out] _w t develop$ x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! direction--t is to say1 ! c>e & cauti\sness :i* is conc]n$ ) ! int]-relation ( ! bodily functions1 does n ent] into our consci\sness any m ?an does ! /or+ activity ( ! intellect3 t !re is a sup]ior controll+ =ce at "w 9 ^! ?+s _c be d\bt$--a sort ( direct+ committee1 9 :i* ! v>i\s lead+ desires make _! votes & _! p[] felt4 ,pleasure & pa9 are indications :i* rea* u f ?is sph]e3 z are also acts ( w & ideas4 ,9 %ort3 ,t :i* becomes consci\s has causal relations :i* are completely & absolutely conceal$ f our k--! sequ5ce ( ?\ghts1 feel+s1 & ideas1 9 consci\sness1 does n signify t ! ord] 9 :i* !y come is a causal ord]3 x is s app>5tly1 h[ev]1 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,we h bas$ ! :ole ( our notion ( intellect1 reason1 logic1 etc41 ^u ?is app>5t tru? 7all ^! ?+s d n exi/3 !y are imag9>y syn!ses & entities71 & we !n project$ ! latt] into & beh9d all ?+s6 ,z a rule consci\sness itself is und]/ood to be ! g5]al s5sorium & highe/ rul+ c5tre2 albeit1 x is only a means ( communication3 x 0 develop$ by int]c\rse1 & ) a view to ! int]e/s ( int]c\rse4444 ,int]c\rse is und]/ood1 "h1 z relation1 & is int5d$ to cov] ! action ( ! out] _w ^u u & our necess>y response to x1 z also our actual influ5ce ^u ! out] _w4 ,x is n ! conduct+ =ce1 b an organ ( ! latt]4 #ebe4 ,my pr9ciple1 compress$ into a =mula :i* sav\rs ( antiquity1 ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,s*ola/icism1 & o!r k9ds ( musk3 9 ! concept1 ,god is _s1 ,god z p]fection is d5i$4444 #ebf4 ,:]ev] p h obs]v$ a c]ta9 unity 9 ! gr\p+ ( ?+s1 _s has always be5 reg>d$ z ! cause ( ?is co-ord9ation3 an assumption = :i* reasons are entirely lack+4 ,:y %\ld ! idea ( a complex fact be "o ( ! conditions ( t fact8 ,or :y %\ld ! notion ( a complex fact h to prec$e x z its cause8 ,we mu/ be on our gu>d aga9/ expla9+ f9ality by ! _s3 !re is absolutely no reason :atev] = ascrib+ to _s ! peculi> p[] ( organis+ & sy/ematis+4 ,! doma9 ( ! n]v\s sy/em is mu* m ext5sive3 ! realm ( consci\sness is sup]add$4 ,9 ! collective process ( adaptation & sy/ematis+1 consci\sness plays no "p at all4 #ebg4 ,physiologi/s1 l philosoph]s1 believe t consci\sness increases 9 value 9 proportion z x ga9s 9 cle>ness3 ! mo/ lucid consci\sness & ! mo/ logical & impassive ?\ght are ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,mean:ile--accord+ to :at /&>d is ?is value det]m9$8--,9 reg>d to ! dis*>ge ( w-p[] ! mo/ sup]ficial & mo/ simple ?\ght is ! mo/ useful--x might !re=e1 etc4 etc4 7because x leaves few motives ov]74 ,precision 9 action is oppos$ to ! f>-sight$ & (t5 unc]ta9 judgm5ts ( caution3 ! latt] is l$ by ! deep] in/9ct4 #ebh4 ,! *ief error ( psy*ologi/s3 !y reg>d ! indi/9ct idea z ( a l[] k9d ?an ! di/9ct2 b t :i* keeps at a di/ance f our consci\sness & :i* is !re=e obscure1 may on t v acc\nt be q cle> 9 itself4 ,! fact t a ?+ becomes obscure is a "q ( ! p]spective ( consci\sness4 #ebi4 ,! great misappreh5sions3-- 7#a7 ,! s5seless ov]e/imation ( consci\sness1 its elevation to ! dignity ( an entity3 a _s1 a s\l1 some?+ t feels1 ?9ks1 & wills2 7#b7 ,! _s reg>d$ z a cause1 especially :]e f9ality1 sy/em1 & co-ord9ation appe>2 7#c7 ,consci\sness class$ z ! highe/ =m atta9able1 z ! mo/ sup]ior k9d ( be+1 z ,god2 7#d7 ,w introduc$ :]ev] effects are obs]v$2 7#e7 ,! real _w reg>d$ z ! spiritual _w1 accessible by means ( ! facts ( consci\sness2 7#f7 ,absolute k reg>d$ z ! faculty ( consci\sness1 :]ev] k exi/s at all4 ,consequ5ces3-- ,e /ep =w>d consi/s ( a /ep =w>d 9 consci\sness2 e /ep backw>ds is a /ep into unconsci\sness 7unconsci\sness 0 reg>d$ z a fall+-back ^u ! passions & s5ses--z a /ate ( animalism 44447 ,man approa*es reality & real be+ ?r\gh dialectics3 man dep>ts f !m by means ( in/9cts1 s5ses1 & automatism4444 ,to conv]t man into a _s1 w\ld mean to make a god ( him3 _s1 w1 goodness--all "o4 ,all goodness mu/ take its root 9 spirituality1 mu/ be a fact ( consci\sness4 ,e /ep made t[>ds some?+ bett] c be only a /ep =w>d 9 consci\sness4 7g7 ,judgm5t4 ,true--false4 #ecj4 ,kant's !ological bias1 8 unconsci\s dogmatism1 8 moral outlook1 rul$1 guid$1 & direct$ him4 ,! 3 h[ is ! fact k possible8 ,is k a fact at all8 ,:at is k8 ,if we d n "k :at k is1 we _c possibly reply to ! "q1 ,is !re su* a ?+ z k8 ,v f9e6 ,b if ,i d n already "k :e!r !re is1 or c be1 su* a ?+ z k1 ,i _c reasonably ask ! "q1 ,:at is k8 ,kant believes 9 ! fact ( k3 :at he requires is a piece ( navet3 ! k ( k6 ,k is judgm5t4 ,b judgm5t is a belief t some?+ is ?is or t6 ,& n k6 ,all k consi/s 9 syn!tic judgm5ts :i* h ! "* ( be+ univ]sally true 7! fact is s 9 all cases1 & does n *ange71 & :i* h ! "* ( be+ necess>y 7! rev]se ( ! proposition _c be imag9$ to exi/74 ,! validity ( a belief 9 k is always tak5 = grant$2 z is also ! validity ( ! feel+s :i* consci5ce dictates4 ,"h moral ontology is ! rul+ bias4 ,! conclusion1 !re=e1 is3 7#a7 !re are propositions :i* we believe to be univ]sally true & necess>y4 7#b7 ,?is "* ( univ]sal tru? & ( necessity _c spr+ f exp]i5ce4 7#c7 ,consequ5tly x mu/ base itself ^u no exp]i5ce at all1 b ^u some?+ else1 x mu/ be d]iv$ f ano!r s\rce ( k6 ,kant concludes 7#a7 t !re are "s propositions :i* hold good only on "o condition2 7#b7 ?is condition is t !y d n spr+ f exp]i5ce1 b f pure reason4 ,?us1 ! "q is1 :5ce d we d]ive our reasons = believ+ 9 ! tru? ( su* propositions8 ,no1 :5ce does our belief get its cause8 ,b ! orig9 ( a belief1 ( a /rong conviction1 is a psy*ological problem3 & v limit$ & n>r[ exp]i5ce frequ5tly br+s ab\t su* a belief6 ,x already presupposes t !re are n only data a po/]iori b also data a priori-- t is to say1 previ\s to exp]i5ce4 ,necess>y & univ]sal tru? _c be giv5 by exp]i5ce3 x is !re=e q cle> t x has come to u )\t exp]i5ce at all8 ,!re is no su* ?+ z an isolat$ judgm5t6 ,an isolat$ judgm5t is nev] true1 x is nev] k2 only 9 connection )1 & :5 relat$ to1 _m o!r judgm5ts1 is a gu>antee ( its tru? =?com+4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 true & false belief8 ,:at is k8 ,he kn[s x1 t is heav5ly6 ,necess>y & univ]sal tru? _c be giv5 by exp]i5ce6 ,x is !re=e indep5d5t ( exp]i5ce1 ( all exp]i5ce6 ,! view :i* comes q a priori1 & !re=e indep5d5t ( all exp]i5ce1 m]ely out ( reason1 is pure k6 ,! pr9ciples ( logic1 ! pr9ciple ( id5tity & ( contradiction1 are examples ( pure k1 because !y prec$e all exp]i5ce4--,b ^! pr9ciples are n cognitions1 b regulative articles ( fai?4 ,9 ord] to e/abli% ! a priori "* 7! pure rationality7 ( ma!matical axioms1 space mu/ be conceiv$ z a =m ( pure reason4 ,hume _h decl>$ t !re 7 no a priori syn!tic judgm5ts4 ,kant says !re are--! ma!matical ones6 ,& if !re are su* judgm5ts1 !re may also be su* ?+s z metaphysics & a k ( ?+s by means ( pure reason6 ,ma!matics is possible "u conditions :i* are n all[$ to metaphysics4 ,all human k is ei!r exp]i5ce or ma!matics4 ,a judgm5t is syn!tic--t is to say1 x co-ord9ates v>i\s ideas4 ,x is a priori--t is to say1 ?is co-ord9ation is univ]sally true & necess>y1 & is arriv$ at1 n by s5sual exp]i5ce1 b by pure reason4 ,if !re are su* ?+s z a priori judgm5ts1 !n reason mu/ be able to co-ord9ate3 co-ord9ation is a =m4 ,reason mu/ possess a =mative faculty4 #eca4 ,judg+ is our olde/ fai?2 x is our habit ( believ+ ?is to be true or false1 ( ass]t+ or d5y+1 our c]ta9ty t some?+ is ?us & n o!rwise1 our belief t we really "k--:at is believ$ to be true 9 all judgm5ts8 ,:at are attributes8--,we did n reg>d *anges 9 ourselves m]ely z su*1 b z ?+s 9 !mselves1 :i* are /range to u1 & :i* we only p]ceive2 & we did n class !m z ph5om5a1 b z ,be+1 z attributes2 & 9 addition we inv5t$ a creature to :i* !y atta* !mselves--t is to say1 we made ! effect ! work+ cause1 & ! latt] we made ,be+4 ,b ev5 9 ?is pla9 /atem5t1 ! concept effect is arbitr>y3 = 9 reg>d to ^? *anges :i* occur 9 u1 & ( :i* we are conv9c$ we ourselves are n ! cause1 we /ill argue t !y mu/ be effects3 & ?is is 9 accordance ) ! belief t e *ange mu/ h its au?or2--b ?is belief 9 itself is already my?ology2 = x sep>ates ! work+ cause f ! cause 9 "w4 ,:5 ,i say ! lightn+ fla%es1 ,i set ! fla% d[n1 once z an action & a second "t z a subject act+2 & ?us a ?+ is fancifully affix$ to a ph5om5on1 :i* is n "o ) x1 b :i* is /able1 :i* is1 & does n come4--,to make ! ph5om5on ! work+ cause1 & to make ! effect into a ?+--into ,be+3 ?is is ! d\ble error1 or int]pretation1 ( :i* we are guilty4 #ecb4 ,! ,judgm5t--t is ! fai?3 ,?is & ?is is s4 ,9 e judgm5t1 !re=e1 !re lies ! admission t an id5tical case has be5 met )3 x ?us takes "s sort ( comp>ison = grant$1 ) ! help ( ! memory4 ,judgm5t does n create ! idea t an id5tical case seems to be !re4 ,x believes r t x actually p]ceives su* a case2 x works on ! hypo!sis t !re are su* ?+s z id5tical cases4 ,b :at is t mu* old] function call$1 :i* mu/ h be5 active mu* e>li]1 & :i* 9 itself equalises unequal cases & makes !m alike8 ,:at is t second function call$1 :i* ) ?is fir/ "o z a basis1 etc4 etc1 ,t :i* provokes ! same s5sations z ano!r ?+ is equal to t o!r ?+3 b :at is t call$ :i* makes s5sations equal1 :i* reg>ds !m z equal8--,!re c\ld be no judgm5ts if a sort ( equalis+ process 7 n active )9 all s5sations3 memory is only possible by means ( ! und]scor+ ( all t has already be5 exp]i5c$ & le>n$4 ,be=e a judgm5t c be =m$1 ! process ( assimilation mu/ already h be5 complet$3 ?us1 ev5 "h1 an intellectual activity is to be obs]v$ :i* does n ent] consci\sness 9 at all ! same way z ! pa9 :i* accompanies a w\nd4 ,probably ! psy*ic ph5om5a correspond to all ! organic functions--t is to say1 !y consi/ ( assimilation1 rejection1 gr[?1 etc4 ,! ess5tial ?+ is to />t out f ! body & to use x z ! g5]al clue4 ,x is by f> ! ri*] ph5om5on1 & all[s ( mu* m accurate obs]vation4 ,! belief 9 ! body is mu* m s\ndly e/abli%$ ?an ! belief 9 _s4 ,h[ev] /rongly a ?+ may be believ$1 ! degree ( belief is no crit]ion ( its tru?4 ,b :at is tru?8 ,p]haps x is a =m ( fai?1 :i* has become a condition ( exi/5ce8 ,!n /r5g? w\ld c]ta9ly be a crit]ion2 = in/ance1 9 reg>d to causality4 #ecc4 ,logical accuracy1 transp>5cy1 consid]$ z ! crit]ion ( tru? 7omne illud v]um e/1 quod cl>e et di/9cte p]cipitur4--,desc>tes73 by ?is means ! me*anical hypo!sis ( ! _w becomes desirable & cr$ible4 ,b ?is is gross confusion3 l simplex sigillum v]i4 ,:5ce comes ! k t ! real nature ( ?+s /&s 9 ?is relation to our intellect8 ,c\ld x n be o!rwise8 ,c\ld x n be ?is1 t ! hypo!sis :i* gives ! intellect ! greate/ feel+ ( p[] & security1 is pref]r$1 valu$1 & m>k$ z true--,! intellect sets its free/ & /ronge/ faculty & ability z ! crit]ion ( :at is mo/ valuable1 consequ5tly ( :at is true4444 ,true--f ! /&po9t ( s5tim5t--is t :i* mo/ provokes s5tim5t 7,i72 f ! /&po9t ( ?\ght--is t :i* gives ?\ght ! greate/ s5sation ( /r5g?2 f ! /&po9t ( t\*1 sight1 & he>+--is t :i* calls =? ! greate/ resi/ance4 ,?us x is ! highe/ degrees ( activity :i* awak5 belief 9 reg>d to ! object1 9 reg>d to its reality4 ,! s5sations ( /r5g?1 /ruggle1 & resi/ance conv9ce ! subject t !re is some?+ :i* is be+ resi/$4 #ecd4 ,! crit]ion ( tru? lies 9 ! enhancem5t ( ! feel+ ( p[]4 #ece4 ,accord+ to my way ( ?9k+1 tru? does n necess>ily mean ! opposite ( error1 b1 9 ! mo/ fundam5tal cases1 m]ely ! relation ( diff]5t errors to ea* o!r3 ?us "o error might be old]1 deep] ?an ano!r1 p]haps altoge!r in]adicable1 "o )\t :i* organic creatures l ourselves c\ld n exi/2 :]eas o!r errors might n tyrannise ov] u to t ext5t z conditions ( exi/5ce1 b :5 measur$ accord+ to ! /&>d ( ^? o!r tyrants1 c\ld ev5 be laid aside & refut$4 ,:y %\ld an irrefutable assumption necess>ily be true8 ,?is "q may exasp]ate ! logicians :o limit ?+s accord+ to ! limitations !y f9d 9 !mselves3 b ,i h long s9ce decl>$ w> ) ?is logician's optimism4 #ecf4 ,ev]y?+ simple is simply imag9>y1 b n true4 ,t :i* is real & true is1 h[ev]1 nei!r a unity nor r$ucible to a unity4 #ecg4 ,:at is tru?8--,in]tia2 t hypo!sis :i* br+s satisfaction1 ! smalle/ exp5se ( intellectual /r5g?1 etc4 #ech4 ,fir/ proposition4 ,! easi] way ( ?9k+ always triumphs ov] ! m difficult way2--dogmatically3 simplex sigillum v]i4--,dico3 to suppose t cle>ness is any pro( ( tru?1 is absolute *ildi%ness4 4 4 4 ,second proposition4 ,! tea*+ ( ,be+1 ( ?+s1 & ( all ^? con/ant entities1 is a hundr$ times m easy ?an ! tea*+ ( ,becom+ & ( evolution4 4 4 ,?ird proposition4 ,logic 0 int5d$ to be a me?od ( facilitat+ ?\ght3 a means ( expression1 --n tru?4 4 4 4 ,lat] on x got to act l tru?4 4 4 4 #eci4 ,p>m5ides said3 ,"o c =m no concept ( ! non-exi/5t2--we are at ! o!r extreme1 & say1 ,t ,( :i* a concept c be =m$1 is c]ta9ly fictional4 #edj4 ,!re are _m k9ds ( eyes4 ,ev5 ! ,sph9x has eyes--!re=e !re mu/ be _m k9ds ( tru?s1 & consequ5tly !re c be no tru?4 #eda4 ,inscriptions ov] ! por* ( a mod]n lunatic asylum4 ,t :i* is necess>ily true 9 ?\ght mu/ be necess>ily true 9 morality4--,,h]b]t ,,sp5c]4 ,! ultimate te/ ( ! tru? ( a proposition is ! inconceivabl5ess ( its negation1--,,h]b]t ,,sp5c]4 #edb4 ,if ! "* ( exi/5ce 7 false13--& ?is w\ld be possible1--:at w\ld tru? !n be1 all our tru?8 444 ,an unpr9cipl$ falsification ( ! false8 ,a high] degree ( fals5ess8 444 #edc4 ,9 a _w :i* 0 ess5tially false1 tru?fulness w\ld be an anti-natural t5d5cy3 its only purpose w\ld be to provide a means ( atta9+ to a high] degree ( falsity4 ,= a _w ( tru? & ,be+ to be simulat$1 ! tru?ful "o w\ld fir/ h to be creat$ 7x be+ und]/ood t he mu/ believe himself to be tru?ful74 ,simple1 transp>5t1 n 9 contradiction ) himself1 la/+1 rema9+ always ! same to himself1 free f faults1 sudd5 *anges1 dissimulation1 & =m3 su* a man conceives a _w ( ,be+ z ,god 9 ,8 own image4 ,9 ord] t tru?fulness may be possible1 ! :ole sph]e 9 :i* man moves mu/ be v tidy1 small1 & respectable3 ! advantage 9 e respect mu/ be ) ! tru?ful "o4--,lies1 tricks1 dissimulations1 mu/ cause a/oni%m5t4 #edd4 ,dissimulation increases 9 accordance ) ! ris+ ord] ( rank among organic be+s4 ,9 ! inorganic _w x seems to be entirely abs5t4 ,!re p[] opposes p[] q r\ghly --ruse beg9s 9 ! organic _w2 plants are already ma/]s ( x4 ,! greate/ m51 su* z ,cs> & ,napoleon 7see ,/5dhal's rem>k conc]n+ him71#c z also ! high] races 7! ,italians71 ! ,greeks 7,odysseus72 ! mo/ supreme cunn+1 belongs to ! v ess5ce ( ! elevation ( man4 444 ,! problem ( ! actor4 ,my ,dionysian ideal4444 ,! optics ( all ! organic functions1 ( all ! /ronge/ vital in/9cts3 ! p[] :i* w h error 9 all life2 error z ! v fir/ pr9ciple ( ?\ght itself4 ,be=e ?\ght is possible1 fancy mu/ fir/ h done its "w2 ! pictur+ ( id5tical cases1 ( ! seem+ness ( id5tity1 is m primeval ?an ! cognition ( id5tity4 ,footnote #c3 ,! ref]5ce to ,/5dhal "h1 seems to po9t to a passage 9 8 ,life ( ,napoleon 7,preface1 p4 xv7 ( :i* ,nietzs*e _h made a note 9 ano!r place1 & :i* reads3 ,une croyance presque in/9ctive *ez moi c'e/ que t\t homme puissant m5t qu& il p>le et plus =te raison qu& il crit4 7h7 ,aga9/ ,causality4 #ede4 ,i believe 9 absolute space z ! basis ( =ce1 & ,i believe ! latt] to be limit$ & =m$4 ,"t1 et]nal4 ,b space & "t z ?+s 9 !mselves d n exi/4 ,*anges are only appe>ances 7or m]e processes ( our s5ses to u72 if we set recurr5ce1 h[ev] regul>1 betwe5 !m1 no?+ is prov$ beyond ! fact t x has always happ5$ s4 ,! feel+ t po/ hoc is propt] hoc1 is easily expla9$ z ! result ( a misund]/&+1 x is compreh5sible4 ,b appe>ances _c be causes6 #edf4 ,! int]pretation ( a ph5om5on1 ei!r z an action or z ! endurance ( an action 7t is to say1 e action involves ! suff]+ ( x71 am\nts to ?is3 e *ange1 e diff]5tiation1 presupposes ! exi/5ce ( an ag5t & somebody act$ ^u1 :o is alt]$4 #edg4 ,psy*ological hi/ory ( ! concept subject4 ,! body1 ! ?+1 ! :ole1 :i* is visualis$ by ! eye1 awak5s ! ?\ght ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 an action & an ag5t2 ! idea t ! ag5t is ! cause ( ! action1 aft] hav+ be5 repeat$ly ref9$1 at l5g? left ! subject ov]4 #edh4 ,our absurd habit ( reg>d+ a m]e mnemonic sign or abbreviat$ =mula z an indep5d5t be+1 & ultimately z a cause2 z1 = in/ance1 :5 we say ( lightn+ t x fla%es1 ev5 ! little ^w ,i4 ,a sort ( d\ble-sight 9 see+ :i* makes sight a cause ( see+ 9 itself3 ?is 0 ! feat 9 ! inv5tion ( ! subject ( ! ego4 #edi4 ,subject1 object1 attribute--^! di/9ctions h be5 made1 & are n[ us$ l s*emes to cov] all app>5t facts4 ,! false fundam5tal obs]vation is ?is1 t ,i believe x is ,i :o does some?+1 :o suff]s some?+1 :o has some?+1 :o has a quality4 #eej4 ,9 e judgm5t lies ! :ole fai? 9 subject1 attribute1 or cause & effect 79 ! =m ( an assumption t e effect is ! result ( activity1 & t all activity presupposes an ag5t71 & ev5 ?is la/ belief is only an isolat$ case ( ! fir/1 s t fai? rema9s z ! mo/ fundam5tal belief6 !re are su* ?+s z subjects1 ev]y?+ t happ5s is relat$ attributively to a subject ( "s sort4 ,i notice some?+1 & try to discov] ! reason ( x3 orig9ally ?is 01 ,i look = an int5tion beh9d x1 &1 above all1 ,i look = "o :o has an int5tion1 = a subject1 an ag5t3 e ph5om5on is an action1 =m]ly int5tions 7 se5 beh9d all ph5om5a1 ?is is our olde/ habit4 ,has ! animal also ?is habit8 ,z a liv+ organism1 is x n also compell$ to int]pret ?+s ?r\gh itself4 ,! "q :y8 is always a "q conc]n+ ! causa f9alis1 & ! g5]al purpose ( ?+s4 ,we h no sign ( ! s5se ( ! effici5t cause2 9 ?is respect ,hume is q "r1 habit 7b n only t ( ! individual7 all[s u to expect t a c]ta9 process1 frequ5tly obs]v$1 w foll[ ^u ano!r1 b no?+ m6 ,t :i* gives u su* an extraord9>ily firm fai? 9 causality1 is n ! r\gh habit ( obs]v+ ! sequ5ce ( processes1 b our inability to int]pret a ph5om5on o!rwise ?an z ! result ( design4 ,x is ! belief 9 liv+ & ?9k+ ?+s1 z ! only ag5ts ( causation2 x is ! belief 9 w1 9 design--! belief t all ph5om5a are actions1 & t all actions presuppose an ag5t2 x is ! belief 9 ! subject4 ,is n ?is belief 9 ! concepts subject & object an arrant absurdity8 ,"q3 ,is ! design ! cause ( a ph5om5on8 ,or is t also illusion8 ,is x n ! ph5om5on itself8 #eea4 ,a criticism ( ! concept cause4--,we h absolutely no exp]i5ce conc]n+ cause1 view$ psy*ologically we d]ive ! :ole concept f ! subjective conviction1 t we ourselves are causes--t is to say1 t ! arm moves4444 ,b t is an error4 ,we di/+ui% ourselves1 ! ag5ts1 f ! action1 & ev]y:]e we make use ( ?is s*eme--we try to discov] an ag5t beh9d e ph5om5on4 ,:at h we done8 ,we h misund]/ood a feel+ ( p[]1 t5sion1 resi/ance1 a muscul> feel+1 :i* is already ! beg9n+ ( ! action1 & posit$ x z a cause2 or we h und]/ood ! w to d ?is or t1 z a cause1 because ! action foll[s x4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z ,cause1 9 ^? few cases 9 :i* x seem$ to be giv51 & 9 :i* we project$ x out ( ourselves 9 ord] to und]/& a ph5om5on1 x has be5 %[n to be an illusion4 ,our und]/&+ ( a ph5om5on consi/$ 9 our inv5t+ a subject :o 0 responsible = some?+ happ5+1 & = ! mann] 9 :i* x happ5$4 ,9 our concept cause we h embrac$ our feel+ ( w1 our feel+ ( fre$om1 our feel+ ( responsibility & our design to d an action3 causa effici5s & causa f9alis are fundam5tally "o4 ,we believ$ t an effect 0 expla9$ :5 we c\ld po9t to a /ate 9 :i* x 0 inh]5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we inv5t all causes accord+ to ! s*eme ( ! effect3 ! latt] is kn[n to u4444 ,on ! o!r h&1 we are n 9 a position to say ( any p>ticul> ?+ h[ x w act4 ,! ?+1 ! subject ! w1 ! design--all inh]5t 9 ! conception cause4 ,we try to discov] ?+s 9 ord] to expla9 :y some?+ has *ang$4 ,ev5 ! atom is "o ( ^! fanciful inv5tions l ! ?+ & ! primitive subject4444 ,at la/ we und]/& t ?+s--consequ5tly also atoms--effect no?+3 because !y are non-exi/5t2 & t ! concept causality is q6 useless4 ,out ( a necess>y sequ5ce ( /ates1 ! latt]'s causal relation%ip does n foll[ 7t w\ld be equival5t to ext5d+ _! active pr9ciple f #a to #b1 to #c1 to #d1 to #e74 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a cause or an effect4 ,f ! /&po9t ( language we d n "k h[ to rid ourselves ( !m4 ,b t does n matt]4 ,if ,i imag9e muscle sep>at$ f its effects1 ,i h d5i$ x4444 ,9 %ort3 a ph5om5on is nei!r effect$ nor capable ( effect+4 ,causa is a faculty to effect some?+1 sup]add$ fancifully to :at happ5s4444 ,! int]pretation ( causality is an illusion4444 ,a ?+ is ! sum ( its effects1 syn!tically unit$ by means ( a concept1 an image4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 sci5ce has robb$ ! concept causality ( all mean+1 & has res]v$ x m]ely z an allegorical =mula1 :i* has made x a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r cause or effect be put on ?is side or on t4 ,x is ass]t$ t 9 two complex /ates 7c5tres ( =ce7 ! quantities ( en]gy rema9 con/ant4 ,! calculability ( a ph5om5on does n lie 9 ! fact t a rule is obs]v$1 or t a necessity is obey$1 or t we h project$ a law ( causality into e ph5om5on3 x lies 9 ! recurr5ce ( id5tical cases4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a s5se ( causality1 z ,kant w\ld h u believe4 ,we are agha/1 we feel insecure1 we w h some?+ famili>1 :i* c be reli$ ^u4444 ,z soon z we are %[n ! exi/5ce ( some?+ old 9 a new ?+1 we are pacifi$4 ,! s-call$ in/9ct ( causality is no?+ m ?an ! fe> ( ! unfamili>1 & ! attempt at f9d+ some?+ 9 x :i* is already kn[n4--,x is n a se>* = causes1 b = ! famili>4 #eeb4 ,to combat det]m9ism & teleology4--,f ! fact t some?+ happ5s regul>ly1 & t its occurr5ce may be reckon$ ^u1 x does n foll[ t x happ5s necess>ily4 ,if a quantity ( =ce det]m9es & conducts itself 9 a c]ta9 way 9 e p>ticul> case1 x does n prove t x has no free w4 ,me*anical necessity is n an e/abli%$ fact3 x 0 we :o fir/ read into ! nature ( all ph5om5a4 ,we int]pret$ ! possibility ( =mul>is+ ph5om5a z a result ( ! dom9ion ( necess>y law ov] all exi/5ce4 ,b x does n foll[1 because ,i d a det]m9$ ?+1 t ,i am b\nd to d x4 ,compulsion _c be demon/rat$ 9 ?+s3 all t ! rule proves is ?is1 t "o & ! same ph5om5on is n ano!r ph5om5on4 ,ow+ to ! v fact t we fanci$ ! exi/5ce ( subjects ag5ts 9 ?+s1 ! notion arose t all ph5om5a are ! consequ5ce ( a compulsory =ce ex]cis$ ov] ! subject--ex]cis$ by :om8 once m by an ag5t4 ,! concept ,cause & ,effect is a dang]\s "o1 s long z p believe 9 some?+ t causes1 & a some?+ t is caus$4 7a7 ,necessity is n an e/abli%$ fact1 b an int]pretation4 999999 7b7 ,:5 x is und]/ood t ! subject is no?+ t acts1 b only a ?+ ( fancy1 !re is mu* t foll[s4 ,only ) ! subject z model we inv5t$ ?+ness & read x into ! pell-mell ( s5sations4 ,if we cease f believ+ 9 ! act+ subject1 ! belief 9 act+ ?+s1 9 reciprocal action1 9 cause & effect betwe5 ph5om5a :i* we call ?+s1 also falls to pieces4 ,9 ?is case ! _w ( act+ atoms also disappe>s3 = ?is _w is always assum$ to exi/ on ! pre-det]m9$ gr\nds t subjects are necess>y4 ,ultimately1 ( c\rse1 ! ?+-9-itself also disappe>s3 = at bottom x is ! conception ( a subject-9-itself4 ,b we h se5 t ! subject is an imag9>y ?+4 ,! anti!sis ?+-9-itself & appe>ance is unt5able2 b 9 ?is way ! concept appe>ance also disappe>s4 999999 7c7 ,if we ab&on ! idea ( ! act+ subject1 we also ab&on ! object act$ ^u4 ,duration1 equality to self1 ,be+1 are inh]5t nei!r 9 :at is call$ subject1 nor 9 :at is call$ object3 !y are complex ph5om5a1 & 9 reg>d to o!r ph5om5a are app>5tly durable--!y are di/+ui%able1 = in/ance1 by ! diff]5t tempo ) :i* !y happ5 7repose--movem5t1 fix$ --loose3 all anti!ses :i* d n exi/ 9 !mselves & by means ( :i* diff]5ces ( degree only are express$2 f a c]ta9 limit$ po9t ( view1 ?\gh1 !y seem to be anti!ses4 ,!re are no su* ?+s z anti!ses2 x is f logic t we d]ive our concept ( contra/s--& />t+ out f its /&po9t we spread ! error ov] all ?+s74 999999 7d7 ,if we ab&on ! ideas subject & object2 !n we mu/ also ab&on ! idea sub/ance--& !re=e its v>i\s modifications too2 = in/ance3 matt]1 _s1 & o!r hypo!tical ?+s1 et]nity & ! immutability ( matt]1 etc4 ,we are !n rid ( mat]iality4 999999 ,f a moral /&po9t ! _w is false4 ,b inasmu* z morality itself is a "p ( ?is _w1 morality also is false4 ,! w to tru? is a process ( e/abli%+ ?+s1 x is a process ( mak+ ?+s true & la/+1 a total elim9ation ( t false "*1 a transvaluation ( x into be+4 ,?us1 tru? is n some?+ :i* is pres5t & :i* has to be f\nd & discov]$2 x is some?+ :i* has to be creat$ & :i* gives its "n to a process1 or1 bett] /ill1 to ! ,w to ov]p[]1 :i* 9 itself has no purpose3 to introduce tru? is a processus 9 inf9itum1 an active det]m9+--x is n a process ( becom+ consci\s ( some?+1 :i* 9 itself is fix$ & det]m9$4 ,x is m]ely a ^w = ,! ,w to ,p[]4 ,life is bas$ on ! hypo!sis ( a belief 9 /able & regul>ly recurr+ ?+s1 ! mighti] x is1 ! m va/ mu/ be ! _w ( k & ! _w call$ be+4 ,logicis+1 rationalis+1 & sy/ematis+ are ( assi/ance z means ( exi/5ce4 ,man projects 8 in/9ct ( tru?1 8 aim1 to a c]ta9 ext5t beyond himself1 9 ! =m ( a metaphysical _w ( ,be+1 a ?+-9-itself1 a _w already to h&4 ,8 requirem5ts z a creator make him inv5t ! _w 9 :i* he works 9 advance2 he anticipates x3 ?is anticipation 7?is fai? 9 tru?7 is 8 ma9/ay4 999999 ,all ph5om5a1 movem5t1 ,becom+1 reg>d$ z ! e/abli%m5t ( relations ( degree & ( =ce1 z a conte/4444 999999 ,z soon z we fancy t "s "o is responsible = ! fact t we are ?us & ?us1 etc4 7,god1 ,nature71 & t we ascribe our exi/5ce1 our happ9ess1 our mis]y1 our de/9y1 to t "s "o1 we corrupt ! innoc5ce ( ,becom+ = ourselves4 ,we !n h "s "o :o wi%es to atta9 to some?+ by means ( u & ) u4 999999 ,! welf>e ( ! individual is j z fanciful z ! welf>e ( ! species3 ! fir/ is n sacrific$ to ! la/2 se5 f af>1 ! species is j z fluid z ! individual4 ,! pres]vation ( ! species is only a result ( ! gr[? ( ! species--t is to say1 ( ! ov]com+ ( ! species on ! road to a /rong] k9d4 999999 ,!ses3--,! app>5t con=mity ( means to end 7! con=mity ( means to end :i* f> surpasses ! art ( man7 is m]ely ! result ( t ,w to ,p[] :i* manife/s itself 9 all ph5om5a3--,to become /rong] involves a process ( ord]+1 :i* may well be mi/ak5 = an attempt$ con=mity ( means to end3--,! ends :i* are app>5t are n int5d$ b1 z soon z a sup]ior p[] prevails ov] an inf]ior p[]1 & ! latt] proce$s to "w z a function ( ! =m]1 an ord] ( rank is e/abli%$1 an organisation :i* mu/ give rise to ! idea t !re is an arrangem5t ( means & ends4 ,aga9/ app>5t necessity3-- ,?is is only an expression = ! fact t a c]ta9 p[] is n also some?+ else4 ,aga9/ ! app>5t con=mity ( means to ends3-- ,! latt] is only an expression = ! ord] among ! sph]es ( p[] & _! int]play4 7i7 ,! ,?+-9-,itself & ,appe>ance4 #eec4 ,! f\l blemi% on ,kant's criticism has at la/ become visible ev5 to ! co>se/ eyes3 ,kant _h no "r to 8 di/9ction appe>ance & ?+-9-itself1--9 8 own writ+s he _h depriv$ himself ( ! "r ( diff]5tiat+ any long] 9 ?is old & hackney$ mann]1 see+ t he _h condemn$ ! practice ( draw+ any conclusions conc]n+ ! cause ( an appe>ance f ! appe>ance itself1 z unall[able 9 accordance ) 8 conception ( ! idea ( causality & its purely intraph5om5al validity1 & ?is conception1 on ! o!r h&1 already anticipates t diff]5tiation1 z if ! ?+ 9 itself 7 n only inf]r$ b actually giv54 #eed4 ,x is obvi\s t nei!r ?+s-9-!mselves nor appe>ances c be relat$ to ea* o!r 9 ! =m ( cause & effect3 & f ?is x foll[s t ! concept cause & effect is n applicable 9 a philosophy :i* believes 9 ?+s-9-!mselves & 9 appe>ances4 ,kant's mi/ake--444 ,z a matt] ( fact1 f a psy*ological /&po9t1 ! concept cause & effect is d]iv$ f an attitude ( m9d :i* believes x sees ! action ( w ^u w ev]y:]e1 :i* believes only 9 liv+ ?+s1 & at bottom only 9 s\ls 7n 9 ?+s74 ,)9 ! me*anical view ( ! _w 7:i* is logic & its application to space & "t7 t concept is r$uc$ to ! ma!matical =mula ) :i*--& ?is is a fact :i* _c be suffici5tly emphasis$--no?+ is ev] und]/ood1 b r def9$--de=m$4 #eee4 ,! greate/ ( all fables is ! "o relat+ to k4 ,p w\ld l to "k h[ ?+s-9-!mselves are con/itut$3 b behold1 !re are no ?+s-9-!mselves6 ,b ev5 suppos+ !re 7 an 9-itself1 an unconditional ?+1 x c\ld on t v acc\nt n be kn[n6 ,some?+ uncondition$ _c be kn[n3 o!rwise x w\ld n be uncondition$6 ,kn[+1 h[ev]1 is always a process ( com+ into relation ) some?+2 ! k-seek]1 on ?is pr9ciple1 wants ! ?+1 :i* he w\ld "k1 to be no?+ to him1 & to be no?+ to anybody at all3 & f ?is !re results a contradiction1--9 ! fir/ place1 betwe5 ?is w to "k1 & ?is desire t ! ?+ to be kn[n %\ld be no?+ to him 7:]e=e "k at all !n872 & secondly1 because some?+ :i* is no?+ to anybody1 does n ev5 exi/1 & !re=e _c be kn[n4 ,kn[+ means3 to place "o's self 9 relation ) some?+1 to feel "o's self condition$ by some?+ & "o's self condition+ x "u all circum/ances1 !n1 x is a process ( mak+ /able or fix$1 ( def9+1 ( mak+ conditions consci\s 7n a process ( s\nd+ ?+s1 creatures1 or objects 9-!mselves74 #eef4 ,a ?+-9-itself is j z absurd z a s5se-9-itself1 a mean+-9-itself4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a fact-9-itself1 = a mean+ mu/ always be giv5 to x be=e x c become a fact4 ,! answ] to ! "q1 ,:at is t8 is a process ( fix+ a mean+ f a diff]5t /&po9t4 ,! ess5ce ! ess5tial factor1 is some?+ :i* is only se5 z a :ole 9 p]spective1 & :i* presupposes a basis :i* is multif>i\s4 ,fundam5tally ! "q is ,:at is t = me8 7= u1 = ev]y?+ t lives1 etc4 etc474 ,a ?+ w\ld be def9$ :5 all creatures _h ask$ & answ]$ ?is "q1 ,:at is t8 conc]n+ x4 ,suppos+ t "o s+le creature1 ) its own relations & /&po9t 9 reg>d to all ?+s1 7 lack+1 t ?+ w\ld /ill rema9 undef9$4 ,9 %ort3 ! ess5ce ( a ?+ is really only an op9ion conc]n+ t ?+4 ,or1 bett] /ill2 x is wor? is actually :at is meant by x is or by t is4 ,"o may n ask3 ,:o int]prets1 !n8 = ! act ( int]pret+ itself z a =m ( ! ,w to ,p[]1 manife/s itself 7n z ,be+1 b z a process1 z ,becom+7 z a passion4 ,! orig9 ( ?+s is :olly ! "w ( ! idealis+1 ?9k+1 will+1 & feel+ subject4 ,! concept ?+ z well z all its attributes4--,ev5 ! subject is a creation ( ?is ord]1 a ?+ l all o!rs3 a simplification1 aim+ at a def9ition ( ! p[] t fixes1 inv5ts1 & ?9ks1 z su*1 z di/9ct f all isolat$ fix+1 inv5t+1 & ?9k+4 ,?us a capacity def9$ or di/9ct f all o!r individual capacities2 at bottom action conceiv$ collectively 9 reg>d to all ! action :i* has yet to come 7action & ! probability ( simil> action74 #eeg4 ,! qualities ( a ?+ are its effects ^u o!r ?+s4 ,if "o imag9es o!r ?+s to be non-exi/5t1 a ?+ has no qualities4 ,t is to say2 !re is no?+ )\t o!r ?+s4 ,t is to say2 !re is no ?+-9-itself4 #eeh4 ,! ?+-9-itself is nons5se4 ,if ,i ?9k all ! relations1 all ! qualities all ! activities ( a ?+1 away1 ! ?+ itself does n rema93 = ?+ness 0 only inv5t$ fancifully by u to meet c]ta9 logical ne$s--t is to say1 = ! purposes ( def9ition & compreh5sion 79 ord] to correlate t multitude ( relations1 qualities1 & activities74 #eei4 ,?+s :i* h a nature 9 !mselves--a dogmatic idea1 :i* mu/ be absolutely ab&on$4 #efj4 ,t ?+s %\ld h a nature 9 !mselves1 q ap>t f int]pretation & subjectivity1 is a p]fectly idle hypo!sis3 x w\ld presuppose t int]pretation & ! act ( be+ subjective are n ess5tial1 t a ?+ divorc$ f all its relations c /ill be a ?+4 ,or1 ! o!r way r\nd3 ! app>5t objective "* ( ?+s2 might x n be m]ely ! result ( a diff]5ce ( degree )9 ! subject p]ceiv+8--c\ld n t :i* *anges sl[ly /rike u z be+ objective1 la/+1 ,be+1 9-itself8--c\ld n ! objective view be only a false way ( conceiv+ ?+s & a contra/ )9 ! p]ceiv+ subject8 #efa4 ,if all unity 7 only unity z organisation4 ,b ! ?+ 9 :i* we believe 0 inv5t$ only z a sub/ratum to ! v>i\s attributes4 ,if ! ?+ acts1 x means3 we reg>d all ! o!r qualities :i* are to h&1 & :i* are mom5t>ily lat5t1 z ! cause acc\nt+ = ! fact t "o individual quality /eps =w>d--t is to say1 we take ! sum ( its qualities--x--z ! cause ( ! quality x2 :i* is obvi\sly q absurd & imbecile6 ,all unity is only s 9 ! =m ( organisation & collective action3 9 ! same way z a human community is a unity--t is to say1 ! rev]se ( atomic an>*y2 ?us x is a body politic1 :i* /&s = "o1 yet is n "o4 #efb4 ,at "s "t 9 ! developm5t ( ?\ght1 a po9t mu/ h be5 rea*$ :5 man became consci\s ( ! fact t :at he call$ ! qualities ( a ?+ 7 m]ely ! s5sations ( ! feel+ subject3 & ?us ! qualities ceas$ f belong+ to ! ?+4 ,! ?+-9-itself rema9$ ov]4 ',! di/9ction betwe5 ! ?+-9-itself & ! ?+-=-u1 is bas$ ^u t old] & artless obs]vation :i* w\ld fa9 grant en]gy to ?+s3 b analysis reveal$ t ev5 =ce 0 only ascrib$ to !m by our fancy1 z 0 also--sub/ance4 ,! ?+ affects a subject8 ,?us ! root ( ! idea ( sub/ance is 9 language1 n 9 ?+s outside ourselves6 ,! ?+-9-itself is n a problem at all6 ,be+ w h to be conceiv$ z a s5sation :i* is no long] bas$ ^u any?+ q devoid ( s5sation4 ,9 movem5t no new mean+ is giv5 to feel+4 ,t :i* is1 _c be ! sub/ance ( movem5t3 x is !re=e a =m ( ,be+4 ,n4,b4--,! explanation ( life may be s\ght1 9 ! fir/ place1 ?r\gh m5tal images ( ph5om5a :i* prec$e x 7purposes72 ,secondly1 ?r\gh m5tal images ( ph5om5a :i* foll[ beh9d x 7! ma!matico-physical explanation74 ,! two %\ld n be conf\nd$4 ,?us3 ! physical explanation1 :i* is ! symbolisation ( ! _w by means ( feel+ & ?\ght1 _c 9 itself make feel+ & ?9k+ orig9ate aga9 & %[ its d]ivation3 physics mu/ r con/ruct ! _w ( feel+1 consi/5tly )\t feel+ or purpose "r up to ! highe/ man4 ,& teleology is only a hi/ory ( purposes1 & is nev] physical4 #efc4 ,our me?od ( acquir+ k is limit$ to a process ( e/abli%+ quantities1 b we c by no means help feel+ ! diff]5ce ( quantity z diff]5ces ( quality4 ,quality is m]ely a relative tru? = u2 x is n a ?+-9-itself4 ,our s5ses h a c]ta9 def9ite quantum z a mean1 )9 ! limits ( :i* !y p]=m _! functions--t is to say1 we become consci\s ( bigness & smallness 9 accordance ) ! conditions ( our exi/5ce4 ,if we %>p5$ or blunt$ our s5ses t5fold1 we %\ld p]i%--t is to say1 we feel ev5 proportions z qualities 9 reg>d to our possibilities ( exi/5ce4 #efd4 ,b c\ld n all quantities be m]ely tok5s ( qualities8 ,ano!r consci\sness & scale ( desires mu/ correspond to great] p[] 9 fact1 ano!r po9t ( view2 gr[? 9 itself is ! expression ( a desire to become m2 ! desire = a great] quantum spr+s f a c]ta9 quale1 9 a purely quantitative _w1 ev]y?+ w\ld be dead1 /iff1 & motionless4--,! r$uction ( all qualities to quantities is nons5se3 x is discov]$ t !y c only /& toge!r1 an analogy-- #efe4 ,qualities are our insurm\ntable b>ri]s2 we _c possibly help feel+ m]e diff]5ces ( quantity z some?+ fundam5tally diff]5t f quantity--t is to say1 z qualities1 :i* we c no long] r$uce to t]ms ( quantity4 ,b ev]y?+ 9 reg>d to :i* ! ^w k has any s5se at all1 belongs to ! realm ( reckon+1 weigh+1 & measur+1 to quantity :]eas1 conv]sely1 all our valuations 7t is to say1 our s5sations7 belong precisely to ! realm ( qualities1 i4e4 to ^? tru?s :i* belong to u alone & to our po9t ( view1 & :i* absolutely _c be kn[n4 ,x is obvi\s t e "o ( u1 diff]5t creatures1 mu/ feel diff]5t qualities1 & mu/ !re=e live 9 a diff]5t _w f ! re/4 ,qualities are an idiosyncrasy prop] to human nature2 ! dem& t ^! our human int]pretations & values1 %\ld be g5]al & p]haps real values1 belongs to ! h]$it>y madnesses ( human pride4 #eff4 ,! real _w1 9 :atev] =m x has be5 conceiv$ hi!rto--0 always ! _w ( appe>ance ov] aga94 #efg4 ,! _w ( appe>ance1 i4e4 a _w reg>d$ 9 ! light ( values2 ord]$1 select$ accord+ to values--t is to say1 9 ?is case1 accord+ to ! /&po9t ( utility 9 reg>d to ! pres]vation & ! increase ( p[] ( a c]ta9 species ( animals4 ,x is ! po9t ( view1 !n1 :i* acc\nts = ! "* ( appe>ance4 ,z if a _w c\ld rema9 ov]1 :5 ! po9t ( view is cancell$6 ,by su* means relativity w\ld also be cancell$6 ,e c5tre ( en]gy has its po9t ( view ( ! :ole ( ! rema9d] ( ! _w--t is to say1 its p]fectly def9ite valuation1 its mode ( action1 its mode ( resi/ance4 ,! _w ( appe>ance is ?us r$uc$ to a specific k9d ( action on ! _w proce$+ f a c5tre4 ,b !re is no o!r k9d ( action3 & ! _w is only a ^w = ! collective play ( ^! actions4 ,reality consi/s precisely 9 ?is p>ticul> action & reaction ( e isolat$ factor aga9/ ! :ole4 ,!re no long] rema9s a %ad[ ( a "r to speak "h ( appe>ance4 444 ,! specific way ( react+ is ! only way ( react+2 we d n "k h[ _m k9ds & :at sort ( k9ds !re are4 ,b !re is no o!r1 no real1 no ess5tial be+1--= ?us a _w )\t action & reaction w\ld be express$4444 ,! anti!sis3 _w ( appe>ance & real _w1 is ?us r$uc$ to ! anti!ses _w & non5tity4 #efh4 ,a criticism ( ! concept real & app>5t _w4--,( ^! two ! fir/ is a m]e fiction1 =m$ out ( a ho/ ( imag9>y ?+s4 ,appe>ance itself belongs to reality3 x is a =m ( its be+2 i4e4 9 a _w :]e !re is no su* ?+ z be+1 a c]ta9 calculable _w ( id5tical cases mu/ fir/ be creat$ ?r\gh appe>ance2 a tempo 9 :i* obs]vation & comp>ison is possible1 etc4 ,appe>ance is an adju/$ & simplifi$ _w1 9 :i* our practical in/9cts h work$3 = u x is p]fectly true3 = we live 9 x1 we c live 9 x3 ?is is ! pro( ( its tru? z f> z we are conc]n$4444 ,! _w1 ap>t f ! fact t we h to live 9 x--! _w1 :i* we h n adju/$ to our be+1 our logic1 & our psy*ological prejudices--does n exi/ z a _w 9-itself2 x is ess5tially a _w ( relations3 "u c]ta9 circum/ances x has a diff]5t aspect f e diff]5t po9t at :i* x is se53 x presses aga9/ e po9t1 & e po9t resi/s x--& ^! collective relations are 9 e case incongru5t4 ,! measure ( p[] det]m9es :at be+ possesses ! o!r measure ( p[]3 "u :at =m1 =ce1 or con/ra9t1 x acts or resi/s4 ,our p>ticul> case is int]e/+ en\gh3 we h creat$ a conception 9 ord] to be able to live 9 a _w1 9 ord] to p]ceive j en\gh to enable u to endure life 9 t _w4444 #efi4 ,! nature ( our psy*ological vision is det]m9$ by ! fact-- 7#a7 ,t communication is necess>y1 & t = communication to be possible some?+ mu/ be /able1 simplifi$1 & capable ( be+ /at$ precisely 7above all1 9 ! s-call$ id5tical case74 ,9 ord] t x may be communicable1 x mu/ be felt z some?+ adju/$1 z recognisable4 ,! mat]ial ( ! s5ses1 arrang$ by ! und]/&+1 r$uc$ to co>se lead+ features1 made simil> to o!r ?+s1 & classifi$ ) its l4 ,?us3 ! indef9it5ess & ! *aos ( s5se-impressions are1 z x 71 made logical4 7#b7 ,! ph5om5al _w is ! adju/$ _w :i* we believe to be real1 ,its reality lies 9 ! con/ant return ( simil>1 famili>1 & relat$ ?+s1 9 _! rationalis$ "*1 & 9 ! belief t we are "h able to reckon & det]m9e4 7#c7 ,! opposite ( ?is ph5om5al _w is n ! real _w1 b ! amorph\s & unadju/able _w consi/+ ( ! *aos ( s5sations--t is to say1 ano!r k9d ( ph5om5al2 _w1 a _w :i* to u is unkn[able4 7#d7 ,! "q h[ ?+s-9-!mselves are con/itut$1 q ap>t f our s5se-receptivity & f ! activity ( our und]/&+1 mu/ be answ]$ by ! fur!r "q3 h[ 7 we able to "k t ?+s exi/$8 ,?+ness is "o ( our own inv5tions4 ,! "q is :e!r !re are n a good _m m ways ( creat+ su* a _w ( appe>ance--& :e!r ?is creat+1 rationalis+1 adju/+1 & falsify+ be n ! be/-gu>ante$ reality itself3 9 %ort1 :e!r t :i* fixes ! mean+ ( ?+s is n ! only reality3 & :e!r ! effect ( environm5t ^u u be n m]ely ! result ( su* w-ex]cis+ subjects4444 ,! o!r creatures act ^u u2 our adju/$ _w ( appe>ance is an arrangem5t & an ov]p[]+ ( its activities3 a sort ( def5sive measure4 ,! subject alone is demon/rable2 ! hypo!sis might be advanc$ t subjects are all t exi/1--t object is only a =m ( action ( subject ^u subject 444 a modus ( ! subject4 7k7 ,! ,metaphysical ,ne$4 #egj4 ,if "o resembles all ! philosoph]s t h gone be=e1 "o c h no eyes = :at has exi/$ & :at w exi/--"o sees only :at is4 ,b z !re is no su* ?+ z ,be+2 all t ! philosoph]s _h to deal ) 0 a ho/ ( fancies1 ?is 0 _! _w4 #ega4 ,to ass]t ! exi/5ce z a :ole ( ?+s conc]n+ :i* we "k no?+1 simply because !re is an advantage 9 n be+ able to "k any?+ ( !m1 0 a piece ( artlessness on ,kant's "p1 & ! result ( ! recoil-/roke ( c]ta9 ne$s--especially 9 ! realm ( morals & metaphysics4 #egb4 ,an arti/ _c endure reality2 he turns away or back f x3 8 e>ne/ op9ion is t ! wor? ( a ?+ consi/s 9 t nebul\s residue ( x :i* "o d]ives f col\r1 =m1 s\nd1 & ?\ght2 he believes t ! m subtle1 att5uat$1 & volatile1 a ?+ or a man becomes1 ! m valuable he becomes3 ! less real1 ! great] ! wor?4 ,?is is ,platonism3 b ,plato 0 guilty ( yet fur!r audacity 9 ! matt] ( turn+ tables--he measur$ ! degree ( reality accord+ to ! degree ( value1 & said3 ,! m !re is ( idea ! m !re is ( ,be+4 ,he twi/$ ! concept reality r\nd & said3 ,:at ye reg>d z real is an error1 & ! ne>] we get to ! 'idea' ! ne>] we are to 'tru?4'--,is ?is und]/ood8 ,x 0 ! greate/ ( all re*ri/5+s3 & because ,*ri/ianity adopt$ x1 we are bl9d to its a/\nd+ features4 ,at bottom1 ,plato1 l ! arti/ he 01 plac$ appe>ance be=e ,be+6 & !re=e lies & fiction be=e tru?6 unreality be=e actuality6--,he 01 h[ev]1 s conv9c$ ( ! value ( appe>ance1 t he grant$ x ! attributes ( ,be+1 causality1 goodness1 & tru?1 &1 9 %ort1 all ^? ?+s :i* are associat$ ) value4 ,! concept value itself reg>d$ z a cause3 fir/ /&po9t4 ,! ideal grant$ all attributes1 conf]r+ hon\r3 second /&po9t4 #egc4 ,! idea ( ! true _w or ( ,god z absolutely spiritual1 intellectual1 & good1 is an em]g5cy measure to ! ext5t to :i* ! antagoni/ic in/9cts are all-p[]ful4444 ,mod]ation & exi/+ humanity is reflect$ exactly 9 ! humanisation ( ! gods4 ,! ,greeks ( ! /ronge/ p]iod1 :o ent]ta9$ no fe> :atev] ( !mselves1 b on ! contr>y 7 pleas$ ) !mselves1 br\ght d[n _! gods to all _! emotions4 ,! spiritualisation ( ! idea ( ,god is ?us v f> f be+ a sign ( progress3 "o is he>tily consci\s ( ?is :5 "o reads ,goe!--9 8 works ! vaporisation ( ,god into virtue & _s is felt z be+ ^u a l[] plane4 #egd4 ,! nons5se ( all metaphysics %[n to reside 9 ! d]ivation ( ! condition$ out ( ! uncondition$4 ,x belongs to ! nature ( ?9k+ t x adds ! uncondition$ to ! condition$1 t x inv5ts x--j z x ?\ght ( & inv5t$ ! ego to cov] ! multif>i\sness ( its processes i x measures ! _w accord+ to a ho/ ( self-devis$ measurem5ts--accord+ to its fundam5tal fictions ! uncondition$1 end & means1 ?+s1 sub/ances1 & accord+ to logical laws1 figures1 & =ms4 ,!re w\ld be no?+ :i* c\ld be call$ k1 if ?\ght did n fir/ s re-create ! _w into ?+s :i* are 9 its own image4 ,x is only ?r\gh ?\ght t !re is untru?4 ,! orig9 ( ?\ght1 l t ( feel+s1 _c be trac$3 b t is no pro( ( its primordiality or absolut5ess6 ,x simply %[s t we _c get beh9d x1 because we h no?+ else save ?\ght & feel+4 #ege4 ,to "k is to po9t to pa/ exp]i5ce3 9 its nature x is a regressus 9 inf9itum4 ,t :i* halts 79 ! face ( a s-call$ causa prima or ! uncondition$1 etc47 is laz9ess1 we>9ess4 #egf4 ,conc]n+ ! psy*ology ( metaphysics--! influ5ce ( fe>4 ,t :i* has be5 mo/ fe>$1 ! cause ( ! greate/ suff]+ 7lu/ ( p[]1 voluptu\sness1 etc471 has be5 treat$ ) ! greate/ am\nt ( ho/ility by m51 & elim9at$ f ! real _w4 ,?us ! passions h be5 /ep by /ep /ruck out1 ,god posit$ z ! opposite ( evil--t is to say1 reality is conceiv$ to be ! negation ( ! passions & ! emotions 7i4e4 non5tity74 ,irrationality1 impulsive action1 accid5tal action1 is1 moreov]1 hat$ by !m 7z ! cause ( incalculable suff]+74 ,consequ5tly !y d5i$ ?is elem5t 9 ! absolute1 & int]pret$ x z absolute rationality & con=mity ( means to ends4 ,*ange & p]i%ability 7 also fe>$2 & by ?is fe> an oppress$ s\l is reveal$1 full ( di/ru/ & pa9ful exp]i5ces 7! case ) ,sp9oza3 a man diff]5tly con/itut$ w\ld h reg>d$ ?is *ange z a *>m74 ,a nature ov]fl[+ & play+ ) en]gy1 w\ld call precisely ! passions1 irrationality & *ange1 good 9 a eudemoni/ic s5se1 toge!r ) _! consequ5ces3 dang]1 contra/1 ru91 etc4 #egg4 ,aga9/ ! value ( t :i* always rema9s ! same 7rememb] ,sp9oza's artlessness & ,desc>tes' likewise71 ! value ( ! %orte/ & ( ! mo/ p]i%able1 ! s$uctive fla% ( gold on ! belly ( ! s]p5t vita---- #egh4 ,moral values 9 epi/emology itself3-- ,! fai? 9 reason--:y n mi/ru/8 ,! real _w is ! good _w--:y8 ,appe>ance1 *ange1 contradiction1 /ruggle1 reg>d$ z immoral3 ! desire = a _w :i* kn[s no?+ ( ^! ?+s4 ,! transc5d5tal _w discov]$1 s t a place may be kept = moral fre$om 7z 9 ,kant74 ,dialectics z ! road to virtue 79 ,plato & ,socrates3 probably because sophi/ry 0 held to be ! road to immorality74 ,"t & space are ideal3 consequ5tly !re is unity 9 ! ess5ce ( ?+s2 consequ5tly no s91 no evil1 no imp]fection1 a ju/ification ( ,god4 ,epicurus d5i$ ! possibility ( k1 9 ord] to keep ! moral 7p>ticul>ly ! h$oni/ic7 values z ! highe/4 ,augu/9e does ! same1 & lat] ,pascal 7corrupt$ reason71 9 fav\r ( ,*ri/ian values4 ,desc>tes' contempt = ev]y?+ v>iable2 likewise ,sp9oza's4 #egi4 ,conc]n+ ! psy*ology ( metaphysics4--,?is _w is only app>5t3 !re=e !re mu/ be a real _w2--?is _w is condition$3 consequ5tly !re mu/ be an uncondition$ _w2--?is _w is contradictory3 consequ5tly !re is a _w free f contradiction2--?is _w is evolv+3 consequ5tly !re is some:]e a /atic _w3--a ho/ ( false conclusions 7bl9d fai? 9 reason3 if ,a exi/s1 !n its opposite ,b mu/ also exi/74 ,pa9 inspires ^! conclusions3 at bottom !y are )es t su* a _w might exi/2 ! hatr$ ( a _w :i* leads to suff]+ is likewise reveal$ by ! fact t ano!r & bett] _w is imag9$3 ! res5tm5t ( ! metaphysician aga9/ reality is creative "h4 ,! second s]ies ( que/ions3 :]e=e suff]8 444 & f ?is a conclusion is d]iv$ conc]n+ ! relation ( ! real _w to our app>5t1 *ang+1 suff]+1 & contradictory _w3 7#a7 ,suff]+ z ! consequ5ce ( error3 h[ is error possible8 7#b7 ,suff]+ z ! consequ5ce ( guilt3 h[ is guilt possible8 7,a ho/ ( exp]i5ces drawn f ! sph]e ( nature or society1 univ]salis$ & made absolute47 ,b if ! condition$ _w be causally det]m9$ by ! uncondition$1 !n ! fre$om to err1 to be s9ful1 mu/ also be d]iv$ f ! same qu>t]3 & once m ! "q arises1 to :at purpose8 444 ,! _w ( appe>ance1 ( ,becom+1 ( contradiction1 ( suff]+1 is !re=e will$2 to :at purpose8 ,! error ( ^! conclusions2 two contradictory concepts are =m$--because "o ( !m corresponds to a reality1 ! o!r mu/ also correspond to a reality4 ,:5ce w\ld "o o!rwise d]ive its contradictory concept8 ,reason is ?us a s\rce ( revelation conc]n+ ! absolute4 ,b ! orig9 ( ! above contradictions ne$ n necess>ily be a sup]natural s\rce ( reason3 x is suffici5t to oppose the real g5esis ( ! concepts1 ?is spr+s f practical sph]es1 f utilit>ian sph]es1 h5ce ! /rong fai? x comm&s 7"o is ?reat5$ ) ru9 if "o's conclusions are n 9 con=mity ) ?is reason2 b ?is fact is no pro( ( :at ! latt] ass]ts74 ,! preoccupation ( metaphysicians ) pa91 is q artless4 ,et]nal bless$ness3 psy*ological nons5se4 ,brave & creative m5 nev] make pleasure & pa9 ultimate que/ions--!y are incid5tal conditions3 bo? ( !m mu/ be desir$ :5 "o w atta9 to some?+4 ,x is a sign ( fatigue & illness 9 ^! metaphysicians & religi\s m51 t !y %\ld press que/ions ( pleasure & pa9 into ! =egr\nd4 ,ev5 morality 9 _! eyes d]ives its great importance only f ! fact t x is reg>d$ z an ess5tial condition = aboli%+ pa94 ,! same holds good ( ! preoccupation ) appe>ance & error ! cause ( pa94 ,a sup]/ition t happ9ess & tru? are relat$ 7confusion3 happ9ess 9 c]ta9ty1 9 fai?74 #ehj4 ,to :at ext5t are ! v>i\s epi/emological positions 7mat]ialism1 s5sualism1 idealism7 consequ5ces ( valuations8 ,! s\rce ( ! highe/ feel+s ( pleasure 7feel+s ( value7 may also judge conc]n+ ! problem ( reality6 ,! measure ( positive k is q a matt] ( indiff]5ce & beside ! po9t2 z witness ! developm5t ( ,indici4 ,! ,buddhi/ic negation ( reality 9 g5]al 7appe>ance pa97 is p]fectly consi/5t3 undemon/rability1 inaccessibility1 lack ( categories1 n only = an absolute _w1 b a recognition ( ! errone\s proc$ures by means ( :i* ! :ole concept has be5 rea*$4 ,absolute reality1 ,be+ 9 itself1 a contradiction4 ,9 a _w ( ,becom+1 reality is m]ely a simplification = ! purpose ( practical ends1 or a deception result+ f ! co>s5ess ( c]ta9 organs1 or a v>iation 9 ! tempo ( ,becom+4 ,! logical d5ial ( ! _w & ,nihilism is a consequ5ce ( ! fact t we mu/ oppose non5tity ) ,be+1 & t ,becom+ is d5i$4 7,some?+ becomes47 #eha4 ,be+ & ,becom+4--,reason develop$ ^u a s5suali/ic basis ^u ! prejudices ( ! s5ses--t is to say1 ) ! belief 9 ! tru? ( ! judgm5t ( ! s5ses4 ,be+1 z ! g5]alisation ( ! concept ,life 7brea?71 to be animate1 to w1 to act ^u1 become4 ,! opposite is3 to be inanimate1 n to become1 n to w4 ,?us3 ,be+ is n oppos$ to n-,be+1 to appe>ance1 nor is x oppos$ to dea? 7= only t c be dead :i* c also live74 ,! s\l1 ! ego1 posit$ z primeval facts2 & introduc$ :]ev] !re is ,becom+4 #ehb4 ,be+--we h no o!r idea ( x ?an t :i* we d]ive f liv+4--,h[ !n c ev]y?+ be dead8 #ehc4 ,a4 ,i see ) a/oni%m5t t sci5ce resigns itself to-day to ! fate ( be+ r$uc$ to ! _w ( appe>ance3 we c]ta9ly h no organ ( k = ! real _w--be x :at x may4 ,at ?is po9t we may well ask3 ,) :at organ ( k is ?is contradiction e/abli%$8444 ,! fact t a _w :i* is accessible to our organs is also und]/ood to be dep5d5t ^u ^! organs1 & ! fact t we %\ld und]/& a _w z subjectively condition$1 are no pro(s ( ! actual possibility ( an objective _w4 ,:o urges u to believe t subjectivity is real or ess5tial8 ,! absolute is ev5 an absurd concept3 an absolute mode ( exi/5ce is nons5se1 ! concept be+1 ?+1 is always relative to u4 ,! tr\ble is t1 ow+ to ! old anti!sis app>5t & real1 ! correlative valuations ( little value & absolutely valuable h be5 spread abroad4 ,! _w ( appe>ance does n /rike u z a valuable _w2 appe>ance is on a l[] plane ?an ! highe/ value4 ,only a real _w c be absolutely valuable4444 ,prejudice ( prejudices6 ,x is p]fectly possible 9 itself t ! real nature ( ?+s w\ld be s unfri5dly1 s oppos$ to ! fir/ conditions ( life1 t appe>ance is necess>y 9 ord] to make life possible4444 ,?is is c]ta9ly ! case 9 a l>ge numb] ( situations--= in/ance1 m>riage4 ,our empirical _w w\ld ?us be condition$1 ev5 9 its limits to k1 by ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation1 we reg>d t z good1 valuable1 & true1 :i* fav\rs ! pres]vation ( ! species4444 7a7 ,we h no categories :i* all[ u to di/+ui% betwe5 a real & an app>5t _w4 7,at ! mo/1 !re c\ld exi/ a _w ( appe>ance1 b n our _w ( appe>ance47 7b7 ,tak+ ! real _w = grant$1 x might /ill be ! less valuable to u2 = ! quantum ( illusion might be ( ! highe/ ord]1 ow+ to its value to u z a pres]vative measure4 7,unless appe>ance 9 itself 7 suffici5t to condemn any?+87 7c7 ,t !re exi/s a correlation betwe5 ! degrees ( value & ! degrees ( reality 7s t ! highe/ values also possess$ ! greate/ degree ( reality71 is a metaphysical po/ulate :i* />ts out ) ! hypo!sis t we "k ! ord] ( rank among values2 & t ?is ord] is a moral "o4 ,x is only on ?is hypo!sis t tru? is necess>y z a def9ition ( all t is ( a sup]ior value4 ,b4 ,x is ( c>d9al importance t ! real _w %\ld be suppress$4 ,x is ! mo/ =midable inspir] ( d\bts1 & depr$ator ( values1 conc]n+ ! _w :i* we are3 x 0 our mo/ dang]\s attempt h]et(ore on ! life ( ,life4 ,w> aga9/ all ! hypo!ses ^u :i* a real _w has be5 imag9$4 ,! notion t moral values are ! highe/ values1 belongs to ?is hypo!sis4 ,! sup]iority ( ! moral valuation w\ld be refut$1 if x c\ld be %[n to be ! result ( an immoral valuation--a specific case ( real immorality3 x w\ld ?us r$uce itself to an appe>ance1 & z an appe>ance x w\ld cease f hav+ any "r to condemn appe>ance4 ,c4 ,!n ! ,w to ,tru? w\ld h to be exam9$ psy*ologically3 x is n a moral p[]1 b a =m ( ! ,w to ,p[]4 ,?is w\ld h to be prov$ by ! fact t x avails itself ( e immoral means !re is2 above all1 ( ! metaphysicians4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t we are face to face ) ! necessity ( te/+ ! assumption t moral values are ! highe/ values1 ,me?od 9 rese>* is atta9$ only :5 all moral prejudices h be5 ov]come3 x repres5ts a conque/ ov] morality4444 #ehd4 ,! ab]rations ( philosophy are ! outcome ( ! fact t1 in/ead ( recognis+ 9 logic & ! categories ( reason m]ely a means to ! adju/m5t ( ! _w = utilit>ian ends 7t is to say1 especially1 a useful falsification71 !y 7 tak5 to be ! crit]ion ( tru?--p>ticul>ly ( reality4 ,! crit]ion ( tru? 01 z a matt] ( fact1 m]ely ! biological utility ( a sy/ematic falsification ( ?is sort1 on pr9ciple3 &1 s9ce a species ( animals kn[s no?+ m important ?an its own pres]vation1 x 0 inde$ all[able "h to speak ( tru?4 ,:]e ! artlessness came 91 h[ev]1 0 9 tak+ ?is an?ropoc5tric idiosyncrasy z ! measure ( ?+s1 z ! canon = recognis+ ! real & ! unreal3 9 %ort1 9 mak+ a relative ?+ absolute4 ,& behold1 all at once1 ! _w fell into ! two halves1 real & app>5t3 & precisely t _w :i* man's reason _h arrang$ = him to live & to settle 91 0 discr$it$4 ,in/ead ( us+ ! =ms z m]e in/rum5ts = mak+ ! _w manageable & calculable1 ! mad fancy ( philosoph]s int]v5$1 & saw t 9 ^! categories ! concept ( t _w is giv5 :i* does n correspond to ! concept ( ! _w 9 :i* man lives4444 ,! means 7 misund]/ood z measures ( value1 & ev5 us$ z a condemnation ( _! orig9al purpose4444 ,! purpose 01 to deceive "o's self 9 a useful way3 ! means !reto 0 ! inv5tion ( =ms & signs1 ) ! help ( :i* ! confus+ multif>i\sness ( life c\ld be r$uc$ to a useful & wieldy s*eme4 ,b woe6 a moral category 0 n[ br\ght into ! game3 no creature w\ld deceive itself1 no creature may deceive itself--consequ5tly !re is only a w to tru?4 ,:at is tru?8 ,! pr9ciple ( contradiction provid$ ! s*eme3 ! real _w to :i* ! way is be+ s\ght _c be 9 contradiction ) itself1 _c *ange1 _c evolve1 has no beg9n+ & no end4 ,t is ! greate/ error :i* has ev] be5 committ$1 ! really fatal error ( ! _w3 x 0 believ$ t 9 ! =ms ( reason a crit]ion ( reality _h be5 f\nd--:]eas _! only purpose 0 to ma/] reality1 by misund]/&+ x intellig5tly4444 ,& behold1 ! _w became false precisely ow+ to ! qualities :i* con/itute its reality1 namely1 *ange1 evolution1 multif>i\sness1 contra/1 contradiction1 w>4 ,& !nce=w>d ! :ole fatality 0 !re4 #a4 ,h[ does "o get rid ( ! false & m]ely app>5t _w8 7x 0 ! real & only "o74 #b4 ,h[ does "o become "o's self z remote z possible f ! _w ( appe>ance8 7! concept ( ! p]fect be+ z a contra/ to ! real be+2 or1 m correctly /ill1 z ! contradiction ( life444474 ,! :ole direction ( values 0 t[>ds ! sl&] ( life2 p delib]ately conf\nd$ ideal dogmatism ) k 9 g5]al3 s t ! oppos+ p>ties also began to reject sci5ce ) horror4 ,?us ! road to sci5ce 0 d\bly b>r$3 fir/1 by ! belief 9 ! real _w2 & secondly1 by ! oppon5ts ( ?is belief4 ,natural sci5ce & psy*ology 7 7#a7 condemn$ 9 _! objects1 7#b7 depriv$ ( _! artlessness4444 ,ev]y?+ is s absolutely b\nd & relat$ to ev]y?+ else 9 ! real _w1 t to condemn1 or to ?9k away any?+1 means to condemn & ?9k away ! :ole4 ,! words ?is %\ld n be1 ?is ought n to be1 are a f>ce4444 ,if "o imag9es ! consequ5ces1 "o w\ld ru9 ! v s\rce ( ,life by suppress+ ev]y?+ :i* is 9 any s5se :atev] dang]\s or de/ructive4 ,physiology proves ?is mu* bett]6 ,we see h[ morality 7a7 poisons ! :ole concept ( ! _w1 7b7 cuts (f ! way to sci5ce1 7c7 dissipates & und]m9es all real in/9cts 7by tea*+ t _! root is immoral74 ,we ?us p]ceive a t]rible tool ( decad5ce at "w1 :i* succe$s 9 rema9+ immune1 ?anks to ! holy names & holy attitudes x assumes4 #ehe4 ,! awful recov]y ( our consci\sness3 n ( ! individual1 b ( ! human species4 ,let u reflect2 let u ?9k backw>ds2 let u foll[ ! n>r[ & broad highway4 ,a4 ,man seeks ! tru?3 a _w t does n contradict itself1 t does n deceive1 t does n *ange1 a real _w--a _w 9 :i* !re is no suff]+3 contradiction1 deception1 v>iability---! causes ( suff]+6 ,he does n d\bt t !re is su* a ?+ z a _w z x ought to be2 he w\ld fa9 f9d a road to x4 7,indian criticism3 ev5 ! ego is app>5t & n real47 ,:5ce does man d]ive ! concept ( reality8 --,:y does he make v>iability1 deception1 contradiction1 ! orig9 ( suff]+2 :y n r ( 8 happ9ess8 444 ,! contempt & hatr$ ( all t p]i%es1 *anges1 & v>ies3 :5ce comes ?is valuation ( /ability8 ,obvi\sly1 ! w to tru? is m]ely ! long+ = a /able _w4 ,! s5ses deceive2 reason corrects ! errors3 !re=e1 x 0 conclud$1 reason is ! road to a /atic /ate2 ! mo/ spiritual ideas mu/ be ne>e/ to ! real _w4--,x is f ! s5ses t ! greate/ numb] ( mis=tunes come !y are *eats1 delud]s1 & de/roy]s4 ,happ9ess c be promis$ only by ,be+3 *ange & happ9ess exclude ea* o!r4 ,! l(tie/ desire is ?us to be "o ) ,be+4 ,t is ! =mula = ! way to happ9ess4 ,9 summa3 ,! _w z x ought to be exi/s2 ?is _w 9 :i* we live is an error--?is our _w %\ld n exi/4 ,! belief 9 ,be+ %[s itself only z a result3 ! real primum mobile is ! disbelief 9 ,becom+1 ! mi/ru/ ( ,becom+1 ! scorn ( all ,becom+4444 ,:at k9d ( a man reflects 9 ?is way8 ,an unfruitful1 suff]+ k9d1 a _w-we>y k9d4 ,if we try & fancy :at ! opposite k9d ( man w\ld be l1 we h a picture ( a creature :o w\ld n require ! belief 9 ,be+2 he w\ld r despise x z dead1 t$i\s1 & indiff]5t4444 ,! belief t ! _w :i* ought to be1 is1 really exi/s1 is a belief prop] to ! unfruitful1 :o d n wi% to create a _w z x %\ld be4 ,!y take x = grant$1 !y seek = means & ways ( atta9+ to x4 ,! w to tru?--is ! impot5ce ( ! w to create4 ,to recognise t some?+ ,antagonism 9 is ?us or ?us3 ! degrees ( ,to act s t some?+ w en]gy 9 be ?us or ?us3 v>i\s natures4 ,! fiction ( a _w :i* corresponds to our desires2 psy*ological artifices & int]pretations calculat$ to associate all t we hon\r & reg>d z pleasant1 ) ?is real _w4 ,! w to tru? at ?is /age is ess5tially ! art ( int]pretation3 to :i* also belongs t int]pretation :i* /ill possesses /r5g?4 ,! same species ( m51 gr[n "o degree poor]1 no long] possess$ ( ! p[] to int]pret & to create fictions1 produces ! ,nihili/s4 ,a ,nihili/ is ! man :o says ( ! _w z x is1 t x ought n to exi/1 & ( ! _w z x ought to be1 t x does n exi/4 ,accord+ to ?is1 exi/5ce 7action1 suff]+1 will+1 & feel+7 has no s5se3 ! pa?os ( ! 9 va9 is ! ,nihili/'s pa?os--& z pa?os x is moreov] an inconsi/5cy on ! "p ( ! ,nihili/4 ,he :o is n able to introduce 8 w into ?+s1 ! man )\t ei!r w or en]gy1 at lea/ inve/s !m ) "s mean+1 i4e4 he believes t a w is already 9 !m4 ,! degree ( a man's w-p[] may be measur$ f ! ext5t to :i* he c disp5se ) ! mean+ 9 ?+s1 f ! ext5t to :i* he is able to endure a _w )\t mean+3 because he himself arranges a small portion ( x4 ,! philosophical objective view ( ?+s may ?us be a sign ( pov]ty bo? ( w & ( en]gy4 ,= en]gy organises :at is close/ & next2 ! sci5ti/s1 ^: only desire is to asc]ta9 :at exi/s1 are su* z _c arrange ?+s z !y ought to be4 ,! arti/s1 an int]m$i>y species1 !y at lea/ set up a symbol ( :at %\ld exi/1--!y are productive inasmu* z !y actually alt] & trans=m2 n l ! sci5ti/s1 :o leave ev]y?+ z x is4 ,! connection betwe5 philosoph]s & ! pessimi/ic religions2 ! same species ( man 7!y attribute ! highe/ degree ( reality to ! ?+s :i* are valu$ highe/74 ,! connection betwe5 philosoph]s & moral m5 & _! evaluations 7! moral int]pretation ( ! _w z ! s5se ( ! _w3 aft] ! collapse ( ! religi\s s5se74 ,! ov]com+ ( philosoph]s by ! annihilation ( ! _w ( be+3 int]m$i>y p]iod ( ,nihilism2 be=e !re is suffici5t /r5g? pres5t to transvalue values1 & to make ! _w ( becom+1 & ( appe>ance1 ! only _w to be deifi$ & call$ good4 ,b4 ,nihilism z a normal ph5om5on may be a symptom ( increas+ /r5g? or ( increas+ weakness3-- ,p>tly ow+ to ! fact t ! /r5g? to create & to w has gr[n to su* an ext5t1 t x no long] requires ?is collective int]pretation & introduction ( a s5se 7pres5t duties1 /ate1 etc472 ,p>tly ow+ to ! fact t ev5 ! creative p[] necess>y to inv5t s5se1 decl9es1 & disappo9tm5t becomes ! rul+ condition4 ,! inability to believe 9 a s5se becomes unbelief4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( sci5ce 9 reg>d to bo? possibilities8 7#a7 ,x is a sign ( /r5g? & self-control2 x %[s an ability to disp5se ) heal+1 consol+ worlds ( illusion4 7#b7 ,x is also able to und]m9e1 to dissect1 to disappo9t1 & to weak54 ,c4 ,! belief 9 tru?1 ! ne$ ( hold+ to some?+ :i* is believ$ to be true3 psy*ological r$uction ap>t f ! valuations t h exi/$ hi!rto4 ,fe> & laz9ess4 ,at ! same "t unbelief3 ,r$uction4 ,9 :at way does x acquire a new value1 if a real _w does n exi/ at all 7by ?is means ! capacity ( valu+1 :i* hi!rto has be5 lavi%$ ^u ! _w ( be+1 becomes free once m74 #ehf4 ,! real & ! app>5t _w4 ,a4 ,! errone\s concepts :i* proce$ f ?is concept are ( ?ree k9ds3-- 7a7 ,an unkn[n _w3--we are adv5tur]s1 we are inquisitive1--t :i* is kn[n to u makes u we>y 7! dang] ( ! concept lies 9 ! fact x sugge/s t ?is _w is kn[n to u444472 7b7 ,ano!r _w1 :]e ?+s are diff]5t3--some?+ 9 u draws comp>isons1 & !reby our calm submission & our sil5ce lose _! value--p]haps all w be = ! be/1 we h n hop$ 9 va94444 ,! _w :]e ?+s are diff]5t--:o kn[s8--:]e we ourselves w be diff]5t4444 7c7 ,a real _w3--t is ! mo/ s+ul> bl[ & attack :i* we h ev] receiv$2 s _m ?+s h become encru/$ 9 ! ^w true1 t we involunt>ily give ^! to ! real _w2 ! real _w mu/ also be a tru?ful _w1 su* a "o z w\ld n deceive u or make fools ( u2 to believe 9 x 9 ?is way is to be almo/ =c$ to believe 7f conv5tion1 z is ! case among p wor?y ( confid5ce74 999999 ,! concept1 ! unkn[n _w1 sugge/s t ?is _w is kn[n to u 7is t$i\s72 ,! concept1 ! o!r _w1 sugge/s t ?is _w might be diff]5t1 x suppresses necessity & fate 7x is useless to submit & to adapt "o's self72 ,! concept1 ! true _w1 sugge/s t ?is _w is untru?ful1 deceitful1 di%one/1 n g5u9e1 & n ess5tial1 & consequ5tly n a _w calculat$ to be useful to u 7x is unadvisable to become adapt$ to x2 bett] resi/ x74 999999 ,?us we escape f ?is _w 9 ?ree diff]5t ways3---- 7a7 ,) our curiosity--z ?\gh ! int]e/+ "p 0 some:]e else2 7b7 ,) our submission--z ?\gh x 0 n necess>y to submit1 z ?\gh ?is _w 0 n an ultimate necessity2 7c7 ,) our sympa?y & respect--z ?\gh ?is _w did n des]ve !m1 z ?\gh x 0 mean & di%one/ t[>ds u4444 ,9 summa3 we h become revolution>ies 9 ?ree diff]5t ways2 we h made x our criticism ( ! kn[n _w4 ,b4 ,! fir/ /ep to reason3 to und]/& to :at ext5t we h be5 s$uc$1--= x might be precisely ! rev]se3 7a7 ,! unkn[n _w c\ld be s con/itut$ z to give u a lik+ = ?is _w--x may be a m /upid & mean] =m ( exi/5ce4 7b7 ,! o!r _w1 v f> f tak+ acc\nt ( our desires :i* 7 nev] realis$ "h1 might be "p ( ! mass ( ?+s :i* ?is _w makes possible = u2 to le>n to "k ?is _w w\ld be a means ( satisfy+ u1 7c7 ,! true _w3 b :o actually says t ! app>5t _w mu/ be ( less value ?an ! true _w8 ,d n our in/9cts contradict ?is judgm5t8 ,is n man et]nally occupi$ 9 creat+ an imag9ative _w1 because he w h a bett] _w ?an reality8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 h[ d we "k t our _w is n ! true _w8 444 = x might be t ! o!r _w is ! _w ( appe>ance 7z a matt] ( fact1 ! ,greeks1 = in/ance1 actually imag9$ a region ( %ad[s1 a life ( appe>ance1 beside real exi/5ce74 ,& f9ally1 :at "r h we to e/abli% degrees ( reality1 z x 78 ,t is some?+ diff]5t f an unkn[n _w--t is already ! w to "k some?+ ( ! unkn[n4 ,! o!r1 ! unkn[n _w--good6 b to speak ( ! true _w is z good z kn[+ some?+ ab\t x1--t is ! contr>y ( ! assumption ( an x-_w4444 ,9 %ort1 ! _w x might be 9 e way a m t$i\s1 a m inhuman1 & a less dignifi$ _w ?an ?is "o4 ,x w\ld be q ano!r matt] if x 7 assum$ t !re 7 sev]al x-worlds--t is to say1 e possible k9d ( _w besides our own4 ,b ?is has nev] be5 assum$4444 ,c4 ,problem3 :y has ! image ( ! o!r _w always be5 to ! disadvantage ( ?is "o--t is to say1 always /ood z a criticism ( x2 :at does ?is po9t to8-- ,a p t are pr\d ( !mselves1 & :o are on ! asc5d+ pa? ( ,life1 always2 picture ano!r exi/5ce z l[] & less valuable ?an !irs2 !y reg>d ! /range unkn[n _w z _! enemy1 z _! opposite2 !y feel no curiosity1 b r repugnance 9 reg>d to :at is /range to !m4444 ,su* a body ( m5 w\ld nev] admit t ano!r p 7 ! true p4444 ,! v fact t su* a di/9ction is possible1--t ?is _w %\ld be call$ ! _w ( appe>ance1 & t ! o!r %\ld be call$ ! true _w1--is symptomatic4 ,! places ( orig9 ( ! idea1 ( ano!r _w3 ,! philosoph] :o inv5ts a rational _w :]e reason & logical functions are adequate3--?is is ! root ( ! true _w4 ,! religi\s man :o inv5ts a div9e _w2--?is is ! root ( ! d5aturalis$ & ! anti-natural _w4 ,! moral man :o inv5ts a free _w3--?is is ! root ( ! good1 ! p]fect1 ! j1 & ! holy _w4 ,! common factor 9 ! ?ree places ( orig93 psy*ological error1 physiological confusion4 ,) :at attributes is ! o!r _w1 z x actually appe>s 9 hi/ory1 *>act]is$8 ,) ! /igmata ( philosophical1 religi\s1 & moral prejudices4 ,! o!r _w z x appe>s 9 ! light ( ^! facts1 is synonym\s ) n-,be+1 ) n-liv+1 ) ! w n to live4444 ,g5]al aspect3 x 0 ! in/9ct ( ! fatigue ( liv+1 & n t ( life1 :i* creat$ ! o!r _w4 ,result3 philosophy1 religion1 & morality are symptoms ( decad5ce4 7l7 ,! ,biological ,value ( ,k4 #ehg4 ,x might seem z ?\gh ,i _h evad$ ! "q conc]n+ c]ta9ty4 ,! rev]se is true3 b :ile rais+ ! "q ( ! crit]ion ( c]ta9ty1 ,i wi%$ to discov] ! weights & measures ) :i* m5 _h weigh$ h]et(ore--& to %[ t ! "q conc]n+ c]ta9ty is already 9 itself a dep5d5t "q1 a "q ( ! second rank4 #ehh4 ,! "q ( values is m fundam5tal ?an ! "q ( c]ta9ty3 ! latt] only becomes s]i\s once ! "q ( values has be5 answ]$4 ,be+ & appe>ance1 reg>d$ psy*ologically1 yield no ,be+ 9 itself1 no crit]ion = reality1 b only degrees ( appe>ance1 measur$ accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! sympa?y :i* we feel = appe>ance4 ,!re is no /ruggle = exi/5ce betwe5 ideas & obs]vations1 b only a /ruggle = supremacy--! vanqui%$ idea is n annihilat$1 b only driv5 to ! backgr\nd or subord9at$4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z annihilation 9 intellectual sph]es4 #ehi4 ,end & means ,cause & effect ,subject & object ,action & suff]+ ,?+-9-itself & appe>ance ,z int]pretations 7n z e/abli%$ facts7--& 9 :at respect 7 !y p]haps necess>y int]pretations8 7z pres]vative measures7--all 9 ! s5se ( a ,w to ,p[]4 #eij4 ,our values are int]pret$ into ! he>t ( ?+s4 ,is !re1 !n1 any s5se 9 ! absolute8 ,is n s5se necess>ily relative-s5se & p]spective8 ,all s5se is ,w to ,p[] 7all relative s5ses may be id5tifi$ ) x74 #eia4 ,! desire = e/abli%$ facts--,epi/emology3 h[ mu* pessimism !re is 9 x6 #eib4 ,! antagonism betwe5 ! true _w1 z pessimism depicts x1 & a _w 9 :i* x 7 possible to live--= ?is ! rights ( tru? mu/ be te/$4 ,x is necess>y to measure all ^! ideal =ces accord+ to ! /&>d ( life1 9 ord] to und]/& ! nature ( t antagonism3 ! /ruggle ( sickly1 desp]ate life1 cleav+ to a beyond1 aga9/ heal?i]1 m fooli%1 m false1 ri*]1 & fre%] life4 ,?us x is n tru? /ruggl+ ) ,life1 b "o k9d ( ,life ) ano!r k9d4--,b ! =m] w\ld fa9 be ! high] k9d6--,"h we mu/ prove t "s ord] ( rank is necess>y1--t ! fir/ problem is ! ord] ( rank among k9ds ( ,life4 #eic4 ,! belief1 ,x is ?us & ?us1 mu/ be alt]$ into ! w1 ,?us & ?us %all x be4 7m7 ,sci5ce4 #eid4 ,sci5ce hi!rto has be5 a means ( dispos+ ( ! confusion ( ?+s by hypo!ses :i* expla9 ev]y?+--t is to say1 x has be5 ! result ( ! intellect's repugnance to *aos4 ,?is same repugnance takes hold ( me :5 ,i contemplate myself2 ,i %\ld l to =m "s k9d ( repres5tation ( my inn] _w = myself by means ( a s*eme1 & ?us ov]come intellectual confusion4 ,morality 0 a simplification ( ?is sort3 x taught man z recognis$1 z kn[n1--,n[ we h annihilat$ morality--we h once m gr[n completely obscure to ourselves6 ,i "k t ,i "k no?+ ab\t myself4 ,physics %[s itself to be a boon = ! m9d3 sci5ce 7z ! road to k7 acquires a new *>m aft] morality has be5 laid aside--& ow+ to ! fact t we f9d consi/5cy "h alone1 we mu/ ord] our lives 9 accordance ) x s t x may help u to pres]ve x4 ,?is results 9 a sort ( practical m$itation conc]n+ ! conditions ( our exi/5ce z inve/igators4 #eie4 ,our fir/ pr9ciples3 no ,god3 no purpose3 limit$ en]gy4 ,we w take good c>e to avoid ?9k+ out & prescrib+ ! necess>y l9es ( ?\ght = ! l[] ord]s4 #eif4 ,no moral education ( humanity3 b ! discipl9>y s*ool ( sci5tific errors is necess>y1 because tru? disgu/s & creates a dislike ( life1 provid$ a man is n already irrevocably laun*$ ^u 8 way1 & be>s ! consequ5ces ( 8 hone/ /&po9t ) tragic pride4 #eig4 ,! fir/ pr9ciple ( sci5tific "w3 fai? 9 ! union & cont9uance ( sci5tific "w1 s t ! individual may und]take to "w at any po9t1 h[ev] small1 & feel sure t 8 ef=ts w n be 9 va94 ,!re is a great p>alys+ =ce3 to "w 9 va91 to /ruggle 9 va94 999999 ,! p]iods ( ho>d+1 :5 en]gy & p[] are /or$1 to be utilis$ lat] by subsequ5t p]iods3 ,sci5ce z a half-way h\se1 at :i* ! m$iocre1 m multif>i\s1 & m complicat$ be+s f9d _! mo/ natural gratification & means ( expression3 all ^? :o d well to avoid action4 #eih4 ,a4 philosoph] recup]ates 8 /r5g? 9 a way q 8 own1 & ) o!r means3 he does x1 = in/ance1 ) ,nihilism4 ,! belief t !re is no su* ?+ z tru?1 ! ,nihili/ic belief1 is a trem5d\s relaxation = "o :o1 z a w>rior ( k1 is unremitt+ly /ruggl+ ) a ho/ ( hateful tru?s4 ,= tru? is ugly4 #eii4 ,! purposelessness ( all ph5om5a3 ! belief 9 ?is is ! result ( ! view t all int]pretations hi!rto h be5 false1 x is a g5]alisation on ! "p ( disc\ragem5t & weakness--x is n a necess>y belief4 ,! arrogance ( man3 :5 he sees no purpose1 he d5ies t !re c be "o6 #fjj4 ,! unlimit$ ways ( int]pret+ ! _w3 e int]pretation is a symptom ( gr[? or decl9e4 ,unity 7monism7 is a ne$ ( in]tia2 ,plurality 9 int]pretation is a sign ( /r5g?4 ,"o %\ld n desire to deprive ! _w ( its disquiet+ & enigmatical nature4 #fja4 ,aga9/ ! desire = reconciliation & peaceabl5ess4 ,to ?is also belongs e attempt on ! "p ( monism4 #fjb4 ,?is relative _w1 ?is _w = ! eye1 ! t\*1 & ! e>1 is v false1 ev5 :5 adju/$ to a mu* m s5sitive s5sual app>atus4 ,b its compreh5sibility1 its cle>ness1 its practicability1 its beauty1 w beg9 to ne> _! end if we ref9e our s5ses1 j z beauty ceases to exi/ :5 ! processes ( its hi/ory are reflect$ ^u3 ! arrangem5t ( ! end is 9 itself an illusion4 ,let x suffice1 t ! m co>sely & m sup]ficially x is und]/ood1 ! m valuable1 ! m def9ite1 ! m beautiful & important ! _w !n seems4 ,! m deeply "o looks into x1 ! fur!r our valuation retreats f our view1-s5selessness approa*es6 ,we h creat$ ! _w t has any value6 ,kn[+ ?is1 we also p]ceive t ! v5]ation ( tru? is already ! result ( illusion--& t x is mu* m necess>y to e/eem ! =mative1 simplify+1 m\ld+1 & romanc+ p[]4 ,all is false--ev]y?+ is all[$6 ,only z ! result ( a c]ta9 bluntness ( vision & ! desire = simplicity does ! beautiful & ! valuable make its appe>ance3 9 itself x is purely fanciful4 #fjc4 ,we "k t ! de/ruction ( an illusion does n necess>ily produce a tru?1 b only "o m piece ( ignorance2 x is ! ext5sion ( our empty space1 an increase 9 our wa/e4 #fjd4 ,( :at alone c k consi/8--,int]pretation1 ! introduction ( a s5se into ?+s1 n explanation 79 ! majority ( cases a new int]pretation ( an old int]pretation :i* has gr[n incompreh5sible & little m ?an a m]e sign74 ,!re is no su* ?+ z an e/abli%$ fact1 ev]y?+ fluctuates1 ev]y?+1 is intangible1 yield+2 aft] all1 ! mo/ la/+ ( all ?+s are our op9ions4 #fje4 ,! asc]ta9+ ( tru? & untru?1 ! asc]ta9+ ( facts 9 g5]al1 is fundam5tally diff]5t f ! creative plac+1 =m+1 m\ld+1 subdu+1 & will+ :i* lies at ! root ( philosophy4 ,to give a s5se to ?+s--?is duty always rema9s ov]1 provid$ no s5se already lies 9 !m4 ,! same holds good ( s\nds1 & also ( ! fate ( nations !y are susceptible ( ! mo/ v>i$ int]pretations & turns1 = diff]5t purposes4 ,a high] duty is to fix a goal & to m\ld facts accord+ to x3 t is1 ! int]pretation ( action1 & n m]ely a transvaluation ( concepts4 #fjf4 ,man ultimately f9ds no?+ m 9 ?+s ?an he himself has laid 9 !m--?is process ( f9d+ aga9 is sci5ce1 ! actual process ( lay+ a mean+ 9 ?+s1 is art1 religion1 love1 pride4 ,9 bo?1 ev5 if !y are *ild's play1 "o %\ld %[ good c\rage & "o %\ld pl\gh ahead2 on ! "o h&1 to f9d aga91 on ! o!r1--we are ! o!r1--to lay a s5se 9 ?+s4 #fjg4 ,sci5ce3 its two sides3-- ,9 reg>d to ! individual2 ,9 reg>d to ! complex ( culture 7levels ( culture7 --antagoni/ic valuation 9 reg>d to ?is & t side4 #fjh4 ,! developm5t ( sci5ce t5ds ev] m to trans=m ! kn[n into ! unkn[n3 its aim1 h[ev]1 is to d ! rev]se1 & x />ts out ) ! in/9ct ( trac+ ! unkn[n to ! kn[n4 ,9 %ort1 sci5ce is lay+ ! road to sov]eign ignorance1 to a feel+ t k does n exi/ at all1 t x 0 m]ely a =m ( haught9ess to dream ( su* a ?+2 fur!r1 t we h n pres]v$ ! smalle/ notion :i* w\ld all[ u to class k ev5 z a possibility t k is a contradictory idea4 ,we transf] a primeval my? & piece ( human vanity into ! l& ( h>d facts3 we c all[ a ?+-9-itself z a concept1 j z little z we c all[ k-9-itself4 ,! mislead+ influ5ce ( numb]s & logic1 ! mislead+ influ5ce ( laws4 ,wisdom is an attempt to ov]come ! p]spective valuations 7i4e4 ! w to p[]73 x is a pr9ciple :i* is bo? unfri5dly to ,life1 & also decad5t2 a symptom 9 ! case ( ! ,indians1 etc42 weakness ( ! p[] ( appropriation4 #fji4 ,x does n suffice = y to see 9 :at ignorance man & bea/ n[ live2 y mu/ also h & le>n ! desire = ignorance4 ,x is necess>y t y %\ld "k t )\t ?is =m ( ignorance life itself w\ld be impossible1 t x is m]ely a vital condition "u :i*1 alone1 a liv+ organism c pres]ve itself & prosp]3 a great solid belt ( ignorance mu/ /& ab\t y4 #faj4 ,sci5ce--! trans=mation ( ,nature into concepts = ! purpose ( gov]n+ ,nature--t is "p ( ! rubric means4 ,b ! purpose & w ( mank9d mu/ gr[ 9 ! same way1 ! int5tion 9 reg>d to ! :ole4 #faa4 ,?\ght is ! /ronge/ & mo/ p]si/5tly ex]cis$ function 9 all /ages ( life--& also 9 e act ( p]ception or app>5t exp]i5ce6 ,obvi\sly x soon becomes ! mightie/ & mo/ exact+ ( all functions1 & 9 "t tyrannises ov] o!r p[]s4 ,ultimately x becomes passion 9 itself4 #fab4 ,! "r to great passion mu/ be reclaim$ = ! inve/igator1 aft] self-effacem5t & ! cult ( objectivity h creat$ a false ord] ( rank 9 ?is sph]e4 ,error rea*$ its z5i? :5 ,s*op5hau] taught3 9 ! release f passion & 9 w alone lay ! road to tru?1 to k2 ! intellect fre$ f w c\ld n help see+ ! true & actual ess5ce ( ?+s4 ,! same error 9 art3 z if ev]y?+ became beautiful ! mom5t x 0 reg>d$ )\t w4 #fac4 ,! conte/ = supremacy among ! passions1 & ! dom9ion ( "o ( ! passions ov] ! intellect4 #fad4 ,to humanise ! _w means to feel ourselves ev] m & m ma/]s ^u e>?4 #fae4 ,k1 among a high] class ( be+s1 w also take new =ms :i* are n yet necess>y4 #faf4 ,t ! wor? ( ! _w lies 9 our int]pretations 7t p]haps yet o!r int]pretations are possible some:]e1 besides mank9d's72 t ! int]pretations made hi!rto 7 p]spective valuations1 by means ( :i* we 7 able to survive 9 life1 i4e4 9 ! ,w to ,p[] & 9 ! gr[? ( p[]2 t e elevation ( man involves ! ov]com+ ( n>r[] int]pretations2 t e high] degree ( /r5g? or p[] atta9$1 br+s new views 9 its tra91 & tea*es a belief 9 new horizons--^! doctr9es lie scatt]$ ?r\gh all my works4 ,! _w t conc]ns u at all is false--t is to say1 is n a fact2 b a romance1 a piece ( human sculpture1 made f a meagre sum ( obs]vation2 x is 9 flux2 x is some?+ t evolves1 a great revolv+ lie cont9ually mov+ onw>ds & nev] gett+ any ne>] to tru?--= !re is no su* ?+ z tru?4 #fag4 ,recapitulation3-- ,to /amp ,becom+ ) ! "* ( ,be+--?is is ! highe/ ,w to ,p[]4 ,! tw(old falsification1 by ! s5ses on ! "o h&1 by ! intellect on ! o!r1 ) ! view ( ma9ta9+ a _w ( be+1 ( re/1 ( equival5t cases1 etc4 ,t ev]y?+ recurs1 is ! v ne>e/ approa* ( a _w ( ,becom+ to a _w ( ,be+1 ! height ( contemplation4 ,x is out ( ! values :i* h be5 attribut$ to ,be+1 t ! condemnation (1 & dissatisfaction )1 ,becom+1 h sprung3 once su* a _w ( ,be+ _h be5 inv5t$4 ,! metamorphoses ( ,be+ 7body1 ,god1 ideas1 natural laws1 =mul1 etc474 ,be+ z appe>ance ! twi/+ r\nd ( values3 appe>ance 0 t :i* conf]r$ ! values4 ,k 9 itself 9 a _w ( ,becom+ is impossible2 h[ c k be possible at all1 !n8 ,only z a mi/ak+ ( "o's self1 z w to p[]1 z w to deception4 ,becom+ is inv5t+1 will+1 self-d5y+1 self-ov]com+2 no subject b an action1 x places ?+s1 x is creative1 no causes & effects4 ,art is ! w to ov]come ,becom+1 x is a process ( et]nalis+1 b %ort-sight$1 always accord+ to ! p]spective1 repeat+1 z x 7 9 a small way1 ! t5d5cy ( ! :ole4 ,t :i* all life %[s1 is to be reg>d$ z a r$uc$ =mula = ! collective t5d5cy3 h5ce ! new def9ition ( ! concept ,life z w to p[]4 ,in/ead ( cause & effect1 ! /ruggle ( evolv+ factors ) "o ano!r1 frequ5tly ) ! result t ! oppon5t is absorb$2 no con/ant numb] = ,becom+4 ,! uselessness ( old ideals = ! int]pretation ( all t takes place1 once _! be/ial orig9 & utility h be5 recognis$1 !y are1 moreov]1 all ho/ile to life4 ,! uselessness ( ! me*anical !ory--x gives ! impression t !re c be no purpose4 ,all ! idealism ( mank9d1 hi!rto1 is on ! po9t ( turn+ into ,nihilism--may be %[n to be a belief 9 absolute wor?lessness1 i4e4 purposelessness4 ,! annihilation ( ideals1 ! new des]t wa/e ! new arts :i* w help u to endure x--amphibia t we are6 ,fir/ pr9ciples1 brav]y1 pati5ce1 no /epp+-back1 n too mu* ard\r to get to ! =e4 7,n4,b4--,z>a?u/ra con/antly ma9ta9+ an attitude ( p>ody t[>ds all =m] values1 z ! result ( 8 ov]fl[+ en]gy47 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] ,,9 ,,nature4 #a4 ,! ,me*anical ,int]pretation ( ! ,_w4 #fah4 ,( all ! int]pretations ( ! _w attempt$ h]et(ore1 ! me*anical "o seems to-day to /& mo/ prom95tly 9 ! front4 ,app>5tly x has a clean consci5ce on its side2 = no sci5ce believes inw>dly 9 progress & success unless x be ) ! help ( me*anical proc$ures4 ,e "o kn[s ^! proc$ures3 reason & purpose are all[$ to rema9 out ( consid]ation z f> z possible2 x is %[n t1 provid$ a suffici5t am\nt ( "t be all[$ to elapse1 ev]y?+ c evolve out ( ev]y?+ else1 & no "o attempts to suppress 8 malici\s satisfaction1 :5 ! app>5t design 9 ! fate ( a plant or ( ! yolk ( an egg1 may be trac$ to /ress & ?ru/ 9 %ort1 p are he>tily glad to pay respect to ?is pr9ciple ( pr(\nde/ /upidity1 if ,i may be all[$ to pass a playful rem>k conc]n+ ^! s]i\s matt]s4 ,mean:ile1 among ! mo/ select intellects to be f\nd 9 ?is movem5t1 "s pres5tim5t ( evil1 "s anxiety is noticeable1 z if ! !ory _h a r5t 9 x1 :i* soon] or lat] might be its la/3 ,i mean ! sort ( r5t :i* d5otes ! end ( all balloons inflat$ ) su* !ories4 ,/ress & ?ru/ !mselves _c be expla9$1 "o _c get rid ( ! actio 9 di/ans4 ,! belief ev5 9 ! ability to expla9 is n[ lo/1 & p peevi%ly admit t "o c only describe1 n expla9 t ! dynamic int]pretation ( ! _w1 ) its d5ial ( empty space & its little agglom]ations ( atoms1 w soon get ! bett] ( physici/s3 al?\gh 9 ?is way ,dynamis is c]ta9ly grant$ an inn] quality4 #fai4 ,! triumphant concept en]gy ) :i* our physici/s creat$ ,god & ! _w1 ne$s yet to be complet$3 x mu/ be giv5 an inn] w :i* ,i *>act]ise z ! ,w to ,p[]--t is to say1 z an insatiable desire to manife/ p[]2 or ! application & ex]cise ( p[] z a creative in/9ct1 etc4 ,physici/s _c get rid ( ! actio 9 di/ans 9 _! pr9ciples2 any m ?an !y c a repell+ =ce 7or an attract+ "o74 ,!re is no help = x1 all movem5ts1 all appe>ances1 all laws mu/ be und]/ood z symptoms ( an inn] ph5om5on1 & ! analogy ( man mu/ be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,x is possible to trace all ! in/9cts ( an animal to ! w to p[]2 z also all ! functions ( organic life to ?is "o s\rce4 #fbj4 ,has anybody ev] be5 able to te/ify to a =ce6 ,no1 b to effects1 translat$ into a completely /range language4 ,regul>ity 9 sequ5ce has s spoilt u1 t we no long] wond] at ! wond]ful process4 #fba4 ,a =ce ( :i* we _c =m any idea1 is an empty ^w1 & ought to h no civic rights 9 ! city ( sci5ce3 & ! same applies to ! purely me*anical p[]s ( attract+ & repell+ by means ( :i* we c =m an image ( ! _w--no m6 #fbb4 ,squeezes & kicks are some?+ incalculably rec5t1 evolv$ & n primeval4 ,!y presuppose some?+ :i* holds toge!r & c press & /rike6 ,b h[ c\ld x hold toge!r8 #fbc4 ,!re is no?+ unalt]able 9 *emi/ry3 ?is is only appe>ance1 a m]e s*ool prejudice4 ,we x 0 :o introduc$ ! unalt]able1 tak+ x f metaphysics z usual1 ,mr4 ,*emi/4 ,x is a m]e sup]ficial judgm5t to decl>e t ! diamond1 graphite1 & c>bon are id5tical4 ,:y8 ,simply because no loss ( sub/ance c be trac$ 9 ! scales6 ,well !n1 at lea/ !y h some?+ 9 common2 b ! "w ( ! molecules 9 ! process ( *ang+ f "o =m to ! o!r1 an action we c nei!r see nor weigh1 is j exactly :at makes "o mat]ial some?+ diff]5t--) specifically diff]5t qualities4 #fbd4 ,aga9/ ! physical atom4--,9 ord] to und]/& ! _w1 we mu/ be able to reckon x up2 9 ord] to be able to reckon x up1 we mu/ be aw>e ( con/ant causes2 b s9ce we f9d no su* con/ant causes 9 reality1 we inv5t !m = ourselves & call !m atoms4 ,?is is ! orig9 ( ! atomic !ory4 ,! possibility ( calculat+ ! _w1 ! possibility ( express+ all ph5om5a by means ( =mul--is t really und]/&+8 ,:at w\ld be und]/ood ( a piece ( music1 if all t 7 calculable 9 x & capable ( be+ express$ 9 =mulas1 7 reckon$ up8--,?us con/ant causes1 ?+s1 sub/ances1 some?+ uncondition$1 7 !re=e inv5t$2--:at has be5 atta9$ !reby8 #fbe4 ,! me*anical concept ( movem5t is already a translation ( ! orig9al process into ! language ( symbols ( ! eye & ! t\*4 ,! concept atom1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! seat ( a motive =ce & ! =ce itself1 is a language ( symbols d]iv$ f our logical & physical _w4 ,x does n lie )9 our p[] to alt] our means ( expression3 x is possible to und]/& to :at ext5d !y are b symptomatic4 ,to dem& an adequate means ( expression is nons5se3 x lies at ! he>t ( a language1 ( a m$ium ( communication1 to express relation only4444 ,! concept tru? is oppos$ to good s5se4 ,! :ole prov9ce ( tru?--fals5ess only applies to ! relations betwe5 be+s1 n to an absolute4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a be+ 9 itself 7relations 9 ! fir/ place con/itute be+71 any m ?an !re c be k 9 itself4 #fbf4 ,! feel+ ( =ce _c proce$ f movem5t3 feel+ 9 g5]al _c proce$ f movem5t4 ,ev5 9 support ( ?is1 an app>5t exp]i5ce is ! only evid5ce3 9 a sub/ance 7bra97 feel+ is g5]at$ ?r\gh transmitt$ motion 7/imuli74 ,b g5]at$8 ,w\ld ?is %[ t ! feel+ did n yet exi/ !re at all8 s t its appe>ance w\ld h to be reg>d$ z ! creative act ( ! int]m$i>y--motion8 ,! feel+less condition ( ?is sub/ance is only an hypo!sis6 n an exp]i5ce6 ,feel+1 !re=e is ! quality ( ! sub/ance3 !re actually are sub/ances t feel4 ,d we le>n f c]ta9 sub/ances t !y h no feel+8 ,no1 we m]ely _c tell t !y h any4 ,x is impossible to seek ! orig9 ( feel+ 9 non-s5sitive sub/ance4--,oh :at ha/9ess6 #fbg4 ,to attract & to repel1 9 a purely me*anical s5se1 is pure fiction3 a ^w4 ,we _c imag9e an attraction )\t a purpose4-- ,ei!r ! w to possess "o's self ( a ?+1 or ! w to def5d "o's self f a ?+ or to repel x--t we und]/&2 t w\ld be an int]pretation :i* we c\ld use4 ,9 %ort1 ! psy*ological necessity ( believ+ 9 causality lies 9 ! impossibility ( imag9+ a process )\t a purpose3 b ( c\rse ?is says no?+ conc]n+ tru? or untru? 7! ju/ification ( su* a belief76 ,! belief 9 caus collapses ) ! belief 9 7aga9/ ,sp9oza & 8 causationism74 #fbh4 ,x is an illusion to suppose t some?+ is kn[n1 :5 all we h is a ma!matical =mula ( :at has happ5$2 x is only *>act]is$1 describ$2 no m6 #fbi4 ,if ,i br+ a regul>ly recurr+ ph5om5on into a =mula1 ,i h facilitat$ & %ort5$ my task ( *>act]is+ ! :ole ph5om5on1 etc4 ,b ,i h n !reby asc]ta9$ a law1 ,i h only repli$ to ! "q3 ,h[ is x t some?+ recurs "h8 ,x is a supposition t ! =mula corresponds to a complex ( really unkn[n =ces & ! dis*>ge ( =ces2 x is pure my?ology to suppose t =ces "h obey a law1 s t1 z ! result ( _! ob$i5ce1 we h ! same ph5om5on e "t4 #fcj4 ,i take good c>e n to speak ( *emical laws3 to d s sav\rs ( morality4 ,x is mu* m a "q ( e/abli%+ c]ta9 relations ( p[]3 ! /rong] becomes ma/] ( ! weak]1 9 s f> z ! latt] _c ma9ta9 its degree ( indep5d5ce1--"h !re is no pity1 no qu>t]1 &1 /ill less1 any obs]vance ( law4 #fca4 ,! unalt]able sequ5ce ( c]ta9 ph5om5a does n prove any law1 b a relation ( p[] betwe5 two or m =ces4 ,to say1 ,b x is precisely ?is relation t rema9s ! same6 is no bett] ?an say+1 ,"o & ! same =ce _c be ano!r =ce4--,x is n a matt] ( sequ5ce1 b a matt] ( int]dep5d5ce1 a process 9 :i* ! procession ( mom5ts d n det]m9e ea* o!r aft] ! mann] ( cause & effect4444 ,! sep>ation ( ! action f ! ag5t2 ( ! ph5om5on f ! work] ( t ph5om5on3 ( ! process f "o t is n process1 b la/+1 sub/ance1 ?+1 body1 s\l1 etc42 ! attempt to und]/& a life z a sort ( %ift+ ( ?+s & a *ang+ ( places2 ( a sort ( be+ or /able entity3 ?is anci5t my?ology e/abli%$ ! belief 9 cause & effect1 once x _h f\nd a la/+ =m 9 ! functions ( spee* & gramm>4 #fcb4 ,! regul>ity ( a sequ5ce is only a metaphorical expression1 n a fact1 j z if a rule 7 foll[$ "h6 ,& ! same holds good ( con=mity to law4 ,we f9d a =mula 9 ord] to express an ev]-recurr+ k9d ( succession ( ph5om5a3 b t does n %[ t we h discov]$ a law2 mu* less a =ce :i* is ! cause ( a recurr5ce ( effects4 ,! fact t some?+ always happ5s ?us or ?us1 is int]pret$ "h z if a creature always act$ ?us or ?us z ! result ( ob$i5ce to a law or to a lawgiv]3 :]eas ap>t f ! law x w\ld be free to act diff]5tly4 ,b precisely t inability to act o!rwise might orig9ate 9 ! creature itself1 x might be t x did n act ?us or ?us 9 response to a law1 b simply because x 0 s con/itut$4 ,x w\ld mean simply3 t some?+ _c also be some?+ else2 t x _c be fir/ ?is1 & !n some?+ q diff]5t2 t x is nei!r free nor ! rev]se1 b m]ely ?us or ?us4 ,! fault lies 9 ?9k+ a subject into ?+s4 #fcc4 ,to speak ( two consecutive /ates1 ! fir/ z cause1 & ! second z effect1 is false4 ,! fir/ /ate _c br+ ab\t any?+1 ! second has no?+ effect$ 9 x4 ,x is a "q ( a /ruggle betwe5 two elem5ts unequal 9 p[]3 a new adju/m5t is arriv$ at1 accord+ to ! measure ( p[] ea* possesses4 ,! second /ate is some?+ fundam5tally diff]5t f ! fir/ 7x is n its effect73 ! ess5tial ?+ ,is1 t ! factors :i* engage 9 ! /ruggle leave x ) diff]5t quanta ( p[]4 #fcd4 ,a4 criticism ( ,mat]ialism4--,let u dismiss ! two popul> concepts1 ,necessity & ,law1 f ?is idea3 ! fir/ introduces a false con/ra9t1 ! second a false lib]ty into ! _w4 ,?+s d n act regul>ly1 !y foll[ no rule3 !re are no ?+s 7t is our fiction72 nei!r d !y act 9 accordance ) any necessity4 ,!re is no ob$i5ce "h3 =1 ! fact t some?+ is z x is1 /rong or weak1 is n ! result ( ob$i5ce or ( a rule or ( a con/ra9t4444 ,! degree ( resi/ance & ! degree ( sup]ior p[]--?is is ! "q ar\nd :i* all ph5om5a turn3 if we1 = our own purposes & calculations1 "k h[ to express ?is 9 =mulas & laws1 all ! bett] = u6 ,b t does n mean t we h introduc$ any morality into ! _w1 j because we h fanci$ x z ob$i5t4 ,!re are no laws3 e p[] draws its la/ consequ5ce at e mom5t4 ,?+s are calculable precisely ow+ to ! fact t !re is no possibility ( _! be+ o!rwise ?an !y are4 ,a quantum ( p[] is *>act]is$ by ! effect x produces & ! influ5ce x resi/s4 ,! adiaphoric /ate :i* w\ld be ?9kable 9 itself1 is entirely lack+4 ,x is ess5tially a w to viol5ce & a w to def5d "o's self aga9/ viol5ce4 ,x is n self-pres]vation3 e atom ex]cises its influ5ce ov] ! :ole ( exi/5ce--x is ?\ght out ( exi/5ce if "o ?9ks ?is radiation ( w-p[] away4 ,t is :y ,i call x a quantum ( ,w to ,p[]2 ) ?is =mula "o c express ! "* :i* _c be ab/ract$ 9 ?\ght f me*anical ord]1 )\t suppress+ ! latt] itself 9 ?\ght4 ,! translation ( ! _w ( effect into a visible _w--a _w = ! eye--is ! concept movem5t4 ,"h x is always und]/ood t some?+ has be5 mov$1--:e!r x be ! fiction ( an atomic globule or ev5 ( ! ab/raction ( ! latt]1 ! dynamic atom1 some?+ is always imag9$ t has an effect--t is to say1 we h n yet rid ourselves ( ! habit into :i* our s5ses & spee* inveigl$ u4 ,subject & object1 an ag5t to ! action1 ! action & t :i* does x sep>at$3 we mu/ n =get t all ?is signifies no m ?an semeiotics &--no?+ real4 ,me*anics z a tea*+ ( movem5t is already a translation ( ph5om5a into man's language ( ! s5ses4 #fce4 ,we are 9 ne$ ( unities 9 ord] to be able to reckon3 b ?is is no reason = suppos+ t unities actually exi/4 ,we borr[$ ! concept unity f our concept ego1--our v olde/ article ( fai?4 ,if we did n believe ourselves to be unities we %\ld nev] h =m$ ! concept ?+4 ,n[--t is to say1 some:at late 9 ! day1 we are ov]:elm+ly conv9c$ t our conception ( ! concept ego is no security :atev] = a real entity4 ,9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! me*anical int]pretation ( ! _w !oretically1 we mu/ always make ! res]ve t x is ) fictions t we d s3 ! concept ( movem5t 7d]iv$ f ! language ( our s5ses7 & ! concept ( ! atom 7 entity1 d]iv$ f our psy*ical exp]i5ce7 are bas$ ^u a s5se-prejudice & a psy*ological prejudice4 ,me*anics =mulates consecutive ph5om5a1 & x does s semeiologically1 9 ! t]ms ( ! s5ses & ( ! m9d 7t all influ5ce is movem5t2 t :]e !re is movem5t some?+ is at "w mov+73 x does n t\* ! "q ( ! causal =ce4 ,! me*anical _w is imag9$ z ! eye & ! s5se ( t\* alone c\ld imag9e a _w 7z mov$71--9 su* a way z to be calculable1--z to simulate causal entities ?+s 7atoms7 ^: effect is con/ant 7! transf] ( ! false concept ( subject to ! concept atom74 ,! mix+ toge!r ( ! concept ( numb]s1 ( ! concept ( ?+ 7! idea ( subject71 ( ! concept ( activity 7! sep>ation ( t :i* is ! cause1 & ! effect71 ( ! concept ( movem5t3 all ^! ?+s are ph5om5al2 our eye & our psy*ology are /ill 9 x all4 ,if we elim9ate ^! adjuncts1 no?+ rema9s ov] b dynamic quanta1 9 a relation ( t5sion to all o!r dynamic quanta3 ! ess5ce ( :i* resides 9 _! relation to all o!r quanta1 9 _! influ5ce ^u ! latt]4 ,! w to p[]1 n ,be+1 n ,becom+1 b a pa?os--is ! elem5t>y fact1 f ^! fir/ results a ,becom+1 an influ5c+4444 #fcf4 ,! physici/s believe 9 a true _w aft] _! own k9d2 a fix$ sy/ematis+ ( atoms to p]=m necess>y movem5ts1 & hold+ good equally ( all creatures1 s t1 accord+ to !m1 ! _w ( appe>ance r$uces itself to ! side ( g5]al & g5]ally-ne$$ ,be+1 :i* is accessible to e "o accord+ to 8 k9d 7accessible & also adju/$1--made subjective74 ,b "h !y are 9 error4 ,! atom :i* !y po/ulate is arriv$ at by ! logic ( t p]spective ( consci\sness2 x is 9 itself !re=e a subjective fiction4 ,?is picture ( ! _w :i* !y project is 9 no way ess5tially diff]5t f ! subjective picture3 ! only diff]5ce is1 t x is compos$ simply ) m ext5d$ s5ses1 b c]ta9ly ) our s5ses4444 ,& 9 ! end1 )\t kn[+ x1 !y left some?+ out ( ! con/ellation3 precisely ! necess>y p]spective factor1 by means ( :i* e c5tre ( p[]--& n man alone--con/ructs ! re/ ( ! _w f its po9t ( view--t is to say1 measures x1 feels x1 & m\lds x accord+ to its degree ( /r5g?4444 ,!y =got to reckon ) ?is p]spective-fix+ p[]1 9 true be+1--or1 9 s*ool-t]ms1 subject-be+4 ,!y suppose t ?is 0 evolv$ & add$2--b ev5 ! *emical inve/igator ne$s x3 x is inde$ specific ,be+1 :i* det]m9es action & reaction accord+ to circum/ances4 ,p]spectivity is only a complex =m1 ( specificness4 ,my idea is t e specific body /rives to become ma/] ( all space1 & to ext5d its p[] 7its w to p[]71 & to ?ru/ back ev]y?+ t resi/s x4 ,b inasmu* z x is cont9ually meet+ ! same endeav\rs on ! "p ( o!r bodies1 x concludes by com+ to t]ms ) ^? 7by comb9+ ) ^?7 :i* are suffici5tly relat$ to x--& ?us !y conspire toge!r = p[]4 ,& ! process cont9ues4 #fcg4 ,ev5 9 ! inorganic _w all t conc]ns an atom ( en]gy is its imm$iate neighb\rhood3 di/ant =ces balance ea* o!r4 ,"h is ! root ( p]spectivity1 & x expla9s :y a liv+ organism is egoi/ic to ! core4 #fch4 ,grant+ t ! _w dispos$ ( a quantum ( =ce1 x is obvi\s t any transposition ( =ce to any place w\ld affect ! :ole sy/em--?us1 besides ! causality ( sequ5ce1 !re w\ld also be a dep5d5ce1 contiguity1 & co9cid5ce4 #fci4 ,! only possible way ( uphold+ ! s5se ( ! concept ,god w\ld be3 to make ,him n ! motive =ce1 b ! condition ( maximum p[]1 an epo*2 a po9t 9 ! fur!r developm5t ( ! ,w to ,p[]2 by means ( :i* subsequ5t evolution j z mu* z =m] evolution--up to ,him--c\ld be expla9$4 ,view$ me*anically1 ! en]gy ( collective ,becom+ rema9s con/ant2 reg>d$ f ! economical /&po9t1 x asc5ds to its z5i? & !n rec$es !refrom 9 ord] to rema9 et]nally rotatory4 ,?is ,w to ,p[] expresses itself 9 ! int]pretation 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! /r5g? is us$4--,! conv]sion ( en]gy into life2 life 9 its highe/ p[] !nce=w>d appe>s z ! goal4 ,! same am\nt ( en]gy1 at diff]5t /ages ( developm5t1 means diff]5t ?+s4 ,t :i* det]m9es gr[? 9 ,life is ! economy :i* becomes ev] m sp>+ & me?odical1 :i* a*ieves ev] m & m ) a /eadily decreas+ am\nt ( en]gy4444 ,! ideal is ! pr9ciple ( ! lea/ possible exp5se4444 ,! only ?+ t is prov$ is t ! _w is n /riv+ t[>ds a /ate ( /ability4 ,consequ5tly its z5i? mu/ n be conceiv$ z a /ate ( absolute equilibrium4444 ,! dire necessity ( ! same ?+s happ5+ 9 ! c\rse ( ! _w1 z 9 all o!r ?+s1 is n an et]nal det]m9ism reign+ ov] all ph5om5a1 b m]ely ! expression ( ! fact t ! impossible is n possible2 t a giv5 =ce _c be diff]5t f t giv5 =ce2 t a giv5 quantity ( resi/+ =ce does n manife/ itself o!rwise ?an 9 con=mity ) its degree ( /r5g?2--to speak ( ev5ts z be+ necess>y is tautological4 #b4 ,! ,w to ,p[] z ,life4 7a7 ,! ,organic ,process4 #fdj4 ,man imag9es t he 0 pres5t at ! g5]ation ( ! organic _w3 :at 0 !re to be obs]v$1 ) ! eyes & ! t\*1 9 reg>d to ^! processes8 ,h[ mu* ( x c be put into r\nd numb]s8 ,:at rules are noticeable 9 ! movem5ts8 ,?us1 man w\ld fa9 arrange all ph5om5a z if !y 7 = ! eye & = ! t\*1 z if !y 7 =ms ( motion3 he w discov] =mules :]e) to simplify ! unwieldy mass ( ^! exp]i5ces4 ,! r$uction ( all ph5om5a to ! level ( m5 ) s5ses & ) ma!matics4 ,x is a matt] ( mak+ an inv5tory ( human exp]i5ces3 grant+ t man1 or r ! human eye & ! ability to =m concepts1 h be5 ! et]nal witnesses ( all ?+s4 #fda4 ,a plurality ( =ces b\nd by a common nutritive process we call ,life4 ,to ?is nutritive process all s-call$ feel+1 ?9k+1 & imag9+ belong z means--t is to say1 7#a7 9 ! =m ( oppos+ o!r =ces2 7#b7 9 ! =m ( an adju/m5t ( o!r =ces accord+ to m\ld & rhy?m2 7#c7 ! =m ( a valuation relative to assimilation & excretion4 #fdb4 ,! bond betwe5 ! inorganic & ! organic _w mu/ lie 9 ! repell+ p[] ex]cis$ by e atom ( en]gy4 ,life might be def9$ z a la/+ =m ( =ce-e/abli%+ processes1 9 :i* ! v>i\s cont5d+ =ces1 on _! "p1 gr[ unequally4 ,to :at ext5t does c\nt]-/rife exi/ ev5 9 ob$i5ce8 ,individual p[] is by no means surr5d]$ ?r\gh x4 ,9 ! same way1 !re exi/s 9 ! act ( comm&+1 an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! fact t ! absolute p[] ( ! adv]s>y has n be5 ov]come1 absorb$1 or dissipat$4 ,ob$i5ce1 & comm&1 are =ms ( ! game ( w>4 #fdc4 ,! ,w to ,p[] int]prets 7an organ 9 ! process ( =mation has to be int]pret$73 x def9es1 x det]m9es gradations1 diff]5ces ( p[]4 ,m]e diff]5ces ( p[] c\ld n be aw>e ( ea* o!r z su*3 some?+ mu/ be !re :i* w gr[1 & :i* int]prets all o!r ?+s t w\ld d ! same1 accord+ to ! value ( ! latt]4 ,9 soo?1 all int]pretation is b a means 9 itself to become ma/] ( some?+4 7,cont9ual int]pretation is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ! organic process47 #fdd4 ,great] complexity1 %>p diff]5tiation1 ! contiguity ( ! develop$ organs & functions1 ) ! disappe>ance ( int]m$iate memb]s--if t is p]fection1 !n !re is a ,w to ,p[] app>5t 9 ! organic process by means ( ^: dom9at+1 %ap+1 & comm&+ =ces x is cont9ually increas+ ! sph]e ( its p[]1 & p]si/5tly simplify+ ?+s )9 t sph]e1 x gr[s imp]atively4 ,_s is only a means & an in/rum5t 9 ! s]vice ( high] life1 9 ! s]vice ( ! elevation ( life4 #fde4 ,h]$ity1 z some?+ q incompreh5sible1 _c be us$ z an explanation1 b only z a designation = ! id5tification ( a problem4 ,& ! same holds good ( adaptability4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! acc\nt ( morphology1 ev5 suppos+ x 7 p]fect1 expla9s no?+1 x m]ely describes an enorm\s fact4 ,h[ a giv5 organ gets to be us$ = any p>ticul> purpose is n expla9$4 ,!re is j z little expla9$ 9 reg>d to ^! ?+s by ! assumption ( caus f9ales z by ! assumption ( caus effici5tes4 ,! concept causa is only a means ( expression1 no m2 a means ( designat+ a ?+4 #fdf4 ,!y are analogies2 = in/ance1 our memory may sugge/ ano!r k9d ( memory :i* makes itself felt 9 h]$ity1 developm5t1 & =ms4 ,our inv5tive & exp]im5tative p[]s sugge/ ano!r k9d ( inv5tiv5ess 9 ! application ( in/rum5ts to new ends1 etc4 ,t :i* we call our consci\sness is q guiltless ( any ( ! ess5tial processes ( our pres]vation & gr[?2 & no human bra9 c\ld be s subtle z to con/ruct any?+ m ?an a ma*9e--to :i* e organic process is inf9itely sup]ior4 #fdg4 ,aga9/ ,d>w9ism4--,! use ( an organ does n expla9 its orig91 on ! contr>y6 ,dur+ ! great] "p ( ! "t occupi$ 9 ! =mation ( a c]ta9 quality1 ?is quality does n help to pres]ve ! individual2 x is ( no use to him1 & p>ticul>ly n 9 8 /ruggle ) ext]nal circum/ances & foes4 ,:at is ultimately useful8 ,x is necess>y to ask1 ,useful = :at8 ,= in/ance1 t :i* promotes ! la/+ p[]s ( ! individual might be unfav\rable to 8 /r5g? or 8 beauty2 t :i* pres]ves him might at ! same "t fix him & keep him /able ?r\gh\t developm5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a defici5cy1 a /ate ( deg5]ation1 may be ( ! greate/ possible use1 inasmu* z x acts z a /imulus to o!r organs4 ,9 ! same way1 a /ate ( ne$ may be a condition ( exi/5ce1 inasmu* z x r$uces an individual to t modicum ( means :i*1 ?\gh x keeps him toge!r1 does n all[ him to squ&] 8 /r5g?4--,! individual himself is ! /ruggle ( p>ts 7= n\ri%m5t1 space1 etc473 8 developm5t involves ! triumph1 ! pr$om9ance1 ( isolat$ p>ts2 ! wa/+ away1 or ! developm5t into organs1 ( o!r p>ts4 ,! influ5ce ( environm5t is nons5sically ov]rat$ 9 ,d>w91 ! ess5tial factor 9 ! process ( life is precisely ! trem5d\s inn] p[] to %ape & to create =ms1 :i* m]ely uses1 exploits environm5t4 ,! new =ms built up by ?is inn] p[] are n produc$ ) a view to any end2 b1 9 ! /ruggle betwe5 ! p>ts1 a new =m does n exi/ long )\t becom+ relat$ to "s k9d ( semi-utility1 &1 accord+ to its use1 develops itself ev] m & m p]fectly4 #fdh4 ,utility 9 respect ( ! accel]ation ( ! spe$ ( evolution1 is a diff]5t k9d ( utility f t :i* is und]/ood to mean ! greate/ possible /ability & /ay+ p[] ( ! evolv$ creature4 #fdi4 ,useful 9 ! s5se ( ,d>w9ian biology means3 t :i* fav\rs a ?+ 9 its /ruggle ) o!rs4 ,b 9 my op9ion ! feel+ ( be+ sur*>g$1 ! feel+ accompany+ an increase 9 /r5g?1 q ap>t f ! utility ( ! /ruggle1 is ! actual progress3 f ^! feel+s ! w to w> is fir/ d]iv$4 #fej4 ,physiologi/s %\ld be?9k !mselves be=e putt+ d[n ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation z ! c>d9al in/9ct ( an organic be+4 ,a liv+ ?+ seeks above all to dis*>ge its /r5g?3 self-pres]vation is only "o ( ! results !re(4--,let u bew>e ( sup]flu\s teleological pr9ciples6--"o ( :i* is ! :ole concept ( self-pres]vation4#d ,footnote #d3 ,see ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 9 ?is edition1 ,aph4 #ac4 #fea4 ,! mo/-fundam5tal--& mo/ primeval activity ( a protoplasm _c be ascrib$ to a w to self-pres]vation1 = x absorbs an am\nt ( mat]ial :i* is absurdly out ( proportion ) ! ne$s ( its pres]vation3 & :at is m1 x does n pres]ve itself 9 ! process1 b actually falls to pieces4444 ,! in/9ct :i* rules "h1 mu/ acc\nt = ?is total abs5ce 9 ! organism ( a desire to pres]ve itself3 hung] is already an int]pretation bas$ ^u ! obs]vation ( a m or less complex organism 7hung] is a specialis$ & lat] =m ( ! in/9ct2 x is an expression ( ! sy/em ( divid$ lab\r1 9 ! s]vice ( a high] in/9ct :i* rules ! :ole74 #feb4 ,x is j z impossible to reg>d hung] z ! primum mobile1 z x is to take self-pres]vation to be s4 ,hung]1 consid]$ z ! result ( insuffici5t n\ri%m5t1 means hung] z ! result ( a w to p[] :i* c no long] dom9ate ,x is n a "q ( replac+ a loss1 x is only lat] on1 z ! result ( ! division ( lab\r1 :5 ! ,w to ,p[] has discov]$ o!r & q diff]5t ways ( gratify+ itself1 t ! appropriat+ lu/ ( ! organism is r$uc$ to hung]--to ! ne$ ( replac+ :at has be5 lo/4 #fec4 ,we c b laugh at ! false ,altruism ( biologi/s3 propagation among ! amb appe>s z a process ( jetsam1 z an advantage to !m4 ,x is an excretion ( useless matt]4 #fed4 ,! division ( a protoplasm into two takes place :5 its p[] is no long] suffici5t to subjugate ! matt] x has appropriat$3 procreation is ! result ( impot5ce4 ,9 ! cases 9 :i* ! males seek ! females & become "o ) !m1 procreation is ! result ( hung]4 #fee4 ,! weak] vessel is driv5 to ! /rong] f a ne$ ( n\ri%m5t2 x desires to get "u x1 if possible to become "o ) x4 ,! /rong]1 on ! contr>y1 def5ds itself f o!rs2 x refuses to p]i% 9 ?is way2 x pref]s r to split itself into two or m p>ts 9 ! process ( gr[+4 ,"o may conclude t ! great] ! urg5cy seems to become "o ) some?+ else1 ! m weakness 9 "s =m is pres5t4 ,! great] ! t5d5cy to v>iety1 diff]5ce1 inn] decay1 ! m /r5g? is actually to h&4 ,! in/9ct to cleave to some?+1 & ! in/9ct to repel some?+1 are 9 ! inorganic z 9 ! organic _w1 ! unit+ bond4 ,! :ole di/9ction is a piece ( ha/y judgm5t4 ,! w to p[] 9 e comb9ation ( =ces1 def5d+ itself aga9/ ! /rong] & com+ d[n unm]cifully ^u ! weak]1 is m correct4 ,n4 ,b4 ,all processes may be reg>d$ z be+s4 #fef4 ,! w to p[] c manife/ itself only aga9/ ob/acles2 x !re=e goes 9 se>* ( :at resi/s x--?is is ! primitive t5d5cy ( ! protoplasm :5 x ext5ds its pseudopodia & feels ab\t x4 ,! act ( appropriation & assimilation is1 above all1 ! result ( a desire to ov]p[]1 a process ( =m+1 ( additional build+ & rebuild+1 until at la/ ! subject$ creature has become completely a "p ( ! sup]ior creature's sph]e ( p[]1 & has increas$ ! latt]4--,if ?is process ( incorporation does n succe$1 !n ! :ole organism falls to pieces2 & ! sep>ation occurs z ! result ( ! w to p[]3 9 ord] to prev5t ! escape ( t :i* has be5 subject$1 ! w to p[] falls into two wills 7"u "s circum/ances )\t ev5 ab&on+ completely its relation to ! two74 ,hung] is only a m n>r[ adaptation1 once ! fundam5tal in/9ct ( p[] has won p[] ( a m ab/ract k9d4 #feg4 ,:at is passive8 ,to be h9d]$ 9 ! outw>d movem5t ( grasp+3 x is ?us an act ( resi/ance & reaction4 ,:at is active8 ,to /ret* out = p[]4 ,nutrition444 ,is only a d]iv$ ph5om5on2 ! primitive =m ( x 0 ! w to /uff ev]y?+ inside "o's own sk94 ,procreation444 ,only d]iv$2 orig9ally1 9 ^? cases ,9 :i* "o w 0 unable to organise ! collective mass x _h appropriat$1 an oppos+ w came into p[]1 :i* und]took to effect ! sep>ation & e/abli% a new c5tre ( organisation1 aft] a /ruggle ) ! orig9al w4 ,pleasure444 ,is a feel+ ( p[] 7presuppos+ ! exi/5ce ( pa974 #feh4 7#a7 ,! organic functions %[n to be b =ms ( ! fundam5tal w1 ! w to p[]1--& buds !re(4 7#b7 ,! w to p[] specialises itself z w to nutrition1 to prop]ty1 to tools1 to s]vants 7ob$i5ce71 & to rul]s3 ! body z an example4--,! /rong] w directs ! weak]4 ,!re is no o!r =m ( causality ?an t ( w to w4 ,x is n to be expla9$ me*anically4 7#c7 ,?9k+1 feel+1 will+1 9 all liv+ organisms4 ,:at is a desire if x be n3 a provocation ( ! feel+ ( p[] by an ob/acle 7or1 bett] /ill1 by rhy?mical ob/acles & resi/+ =ces7--s t x surges ?r\gh x8 ,?us 9 all pleasure pa9 is und]/ood4--,if ! pleasure is to be v great1 ! pa9s prec$+ x mu/ h be5 v long1 & ! :ole b[ ( life mu/ h be5 /ra9$ to ! utmo/4 7#d7 ,intellectual functions4 ,! w to %ap+1 =m+1 & mak+ l1 etc4 7b7 ,man4 #fei4 ,) ! body z clue4--,grant+ t ! s\l 0 only an attractive & my/]i\s ?\ght1 f :i* philosoph]s rightly1 b reluctantly1 sep>at$ !mselves--t :i* !y h s9ce le>nt to put 9 its place is p]haps ev5 m attractive & ev5 m my/]i\s4 ,! human body1 9 :i* ! :ole ( ! mo/ di/ant & mo/ rec5t pa/ ( all organic life once m becomes liv+ & corporal1 seems to fl[ ?r\gh1 ?is pa/ & "r ov] x l a huge & inaudible torr5t2 ! body is a m wond]ful ?\ght ?an ! old s\l4 ,9 all ages ! body1 z our actual prop]ty1 z our mo/ c]ta9 be+1 9 %ort1 z our ego1 has be5 m e>ne/ly believ$ 9 ?an ! _s 7or ! s\l1 or ! subject1 z ! s*ool j>gon n[ calls x74 ,x has nev] occurr$ to any "o to reg>d 8 /oma* z a /range or a div9e /oma*2 b t !re is a t5d5cy & a pr$ilection 9 man to reg>d all 8 ?\ghts z inspir$1 all 8 values z imp>t$ to him by a ,god1 all 8 in/9cts z dawn+ activities--?is is prov$ by ! evid5ce ( e age 9 man's hi/ory4 ,ev5 n[1 especially among arti/s1 !re may v (t5 be notic$ a sort ( wond]1 & a def]5tial hesitation to decide1 :5 ! "q occurs to !m1 by :at means !y a*iev$ _! happie/ "w1 & f :i* _w ! creative ?\ght came d[n to !m3 :5 !y "q 9 ?is way1 !y are possess$ by a feel+ ( guilelessness & *ildi% %yness4 ,!y d>e n say3 ,t came f me2 x 0 my h& :i* ?rew t die4 ,conv]sely1 ev5 ^? philosoph]s & !ologians1 :o 9 _! logic & piety f\nd ! mo/ imp]ative reasons = reg>d+ _! body z a deception 7& ev5 z a deception ov]come & dispos$ (71 c\ld n help recognis+ ! fooli% fact t ! body /ill rema9$3 & ! mo/ unexpect$ pro(s ( ?is are to be f\nd p>tly 9 ,paul9e & p>tly 9 ,v$antic philosophy4 ,b :at does /r5g? ( fai? ultimately mean8 ,no?+6--,a /rong fai? might also be a fooli% fai?6--,!re is food = reflection4 ,& suppos+ ! fai? 9 ! body 7 ultimately b ! result ( a conclusion2 suppos+ x 7 a false conclusion1 z ideali/s decl>e x is1 w\ld x n !n involve "s d\bt conc]n+ ! tru/wor?9ess ( ! _s itself :i* ?us causes u to draw wrong conclusions8 ,suppos+ ! plurality ( ?+s1 & space1 & "t1 & motion 7& :atev] ! o!r fir/ pr9ciples ( a belief 9 ! body may be7 7 errors--:at suspicions w\ld n !n be r\s$ aga9/ ! _s :i* l$ u to =m su* fir/ pr9ciples8 ,let x suffice t ! belief 9 ! body is1 at any rate = ! pres5t1 a mu* /rong] belief ?an ! belief 9 ! _s1 & he :o w\ld fa9 und]m9e x assails ! au?ority ( ! _s mo/ ?or\ghly 9 s do+6 #ffj4 ,! ,body z an ,empire4 ,! ari/ocracy 9 ! body1 ! majority ( ! rul]s 7! fight betwe5 ! cells & ! tissues74 ,slav]y & ! division ( lab\r3 ! high] type alone possible ?r\gh ! subjection ( ! l[] to a function4 ,pleasure & pa91 n contr>ies4 ,! feel+ ( p[]4 ,nutrition only a result ( ! insatiable lu/ ( appropriation 9 ! ,w to ,p[]4 ,procreation3 ?is is ! decay :i* sup]v5es :5 ! rul+ cells are too weak to organise appropriat$ mat]ial4 ,x is ! m\ld+ =ce :i* w h a cont9ual supply ( new mat]ial 7m =ce74 ,! ma/]ly con/ruction ( an organism out ( an egg4 ,! me*anical int]pretation3 recognises only quantities3 b ! real en]gy is 9 ! quality4 ,me*anics c !re=e only describe processes2 x _c expla9 !m4 ,purpose4 ,we %\ld />t out f ! sagacity ( plants4 ,! concept ( meliorism3 n only great] complexity1 b great] p[] 7x ne$ n be only great] masses74 ,conclusion conc]n+ ! evolution ( man3 ! road to p]fection lies 9 ! br++ =? ( ! mo/ p[]ful individuals1 = ^: use ! great masses w\ld be conv]t$ into m]e tools 7t is to say1 into ! mo/ intellig5t & flexible tools possible74 #ffa4 ,:y is all activity1 ev5 t ( a s5se1 associat$ ) pleasure8 ,because1 be=e ! activity 0 possible1 an ob/acle or a burd5 0 done away )4 ,or1 r1 because all action is a process ( ov]com+1 ( becom+ ma/] (1 & ( increas+ ! feel+ ( p[]8 ,! pleasure ( ?\ght4 ,ultimately x is n only ! feel+ ( p[]1 b also ! pleasure ( creat+ & ( contemplat+ ! creation3 = all activity ent]s our consci\sness 9 ! =m ( works4 #ffb4 ,creat+ is an act ( select+ & ( f9i%+ ! ?+ select$4 7,9 e act ( ! w1 ?is is ! ess5tial elem5t47 #ffc4 ,all ph5om5a :i* are ! result ( int5tions may be r$uc$ to ! int5tion ( increas+ p[]4 #ffd4 ,:5 we d any?+1 we are consci\s ( a feel+ ( /r5g?2 we (t5 h ?is s5sation be=e ! act--t is to say1 :ile imag9+ ! ?+ to d 7z1 = in/ance1 at ! sight ( an enemy1 ( an ob/acle1 :i* we feel equal to73 x is always an accompany+ s5sation4 ,in/9ctively we ?9k t ?is feel+ ( /r5g? is ! cause ( ! action1 t x is ! motive =ce4 ,our belief 9 causation is ! belief 9 =ce & its effect2 x is a transcript ( our exp]i5ce3 9 :i* we id5tify =ce & ! feel+ ( =ce4--,=ce1 h[ev]1 nev] moves ?+s2 ! /r5g? :i* is consci\s does n set ! muscles mov+4 ,( su* a process we h no exp]i5ce1 no idea4 ,we exp]i5ce z little conc]n+ =ce z a motive p[]1 z conc]n+ ! necessity ( a movem5t4 ,=ce is said to be ! con/ra9+ elem5t6 ,all we "k is t "o ?+ foll[s ano!r2--we "k no?+ ( ei!r compulsion or arbitr>9ess 9 reg>d to ! "o foll[+ ! o!r4 ,causality is fir/ inv5t$ by ?9k+ compulsion into ! sequ5ce ( processes4 ,a c]ta9 und]/&+ ( ! ?+ is ! result--t is to say1 we humanise ! process a little1 we make x m famili>2 ! famili> is ! kn[n habitual fact ( human compulsion associat$ ) ! feel+ ( =ce4 #ffe4 ,i h ! int5tion ( ext5d+ my arm2 tak+ x = grant$ t ,i "k z little ( ! physiology ( ! human body & ( ! me*anical laws ( its movem5ts z ! man 9 ! /reet1 :at c\ld !re be m vague1 m bloodless1 m unc]ta9 ?an ?is int5tion comp>$ ) :at foll[s x8 ,& suppos+ ,i 7 ! a/ute/ ( me*anics1 & especially conv]sant ) ! =mul :i* are applicable 9 ?is case1 ,i %\ld n be able to ext5d my arm "o :it ! bett]4 ,our k & our action 9 ?is case lie coldly ap>t3 z ?\gh 9 two diff]5t regions4--,aga93 ,napoleon c>ries out a plan ( campaign--:at does t mean8 ,9 ?is case1 ev]y?+ conc]n+ ! consummation ( ! campaign is kn[n1 because ev]y?+ mu/ be done ?r\gh words ( comm&3 b ev5 "h subord9ates are tak5 = grant$1 :o apply & adapt ! g5]al plan to ! p>ticul> em]g5cy1 to ! degree ( /r5g?1 etc4 #fff4 ,= ages we h always ascrib$ ! value ( an action1 ( a "*1 ( an exi/5ce1 to ! int5tion1 to ! purpose = :i* x 0 done1 act$1 or liv$3 ?is primeval idiosyncrasy ( ta/e ultimately takes a dang]\s turn provid$ ! lack ( int5tion & purpose 9 all ph5om5a comes ev] m to ! front 9 consci\sness4 ,) x a g5]al depreciation ( all values seems to be prep>+3 ,all is )\t s5se4--,?is melan*oly phrase means3 ,all s5se lies 9 ! int5tion1 & if ! int5tion is absolutely lack+1 !n s5se mu/ be lack+ too4 ,9 con=mity ) ?is valuation1 p 7 =c$ to place ! value ( life 9 a a life aft] dea?1 or 9 ! progressive developm5t ( ideas1 or ( mank9d1 or ( ! p1 or ( man to sup]man2 b 9 ?is way ! progressus 9 inf9itum ( purpose _h be5 rea*$3 x 0 ultimately necess>y to f9d "o's self a place 9 ! process ( ! _w 7p]haps ) ! disdmoni/ic outlook1 x 0 a process :i* l$ to non5tity74 ,9 reg>d to ?is po9t1 purpose ne$s a some:at m sev]e criticism3 x ought to be recognis$ t an action is nev] caus$ by a purpose2 t an object & ! means !reto are int]pretations1 by means ( :i* c]ta9 po9ts 9 a ph5om5a are select$ & acc5tuat$1 at ! co/ ( o!r1 m num]\s1 po9ts1 t e "t some?+ is done = a purpose1 some?+ fundam5tally diff]5t1 & yet o!r ?+s happ52 t 9 reg>d to ! action done ) a purpose1 ! case is ! same z ) ! s-call$ purposefulness ( ! heat :i* is radiat$ f ! sun3 ! great] "p ( ! total sum is squ&]$2 a portion ( x1 :i* is sc>cely wor? reckon+1 has a purpose1 has s5se2 t an end ) its means is an absurdly indef9ite description1 :i* inde$ may be able to comm& z a precept1 z w1 b presupposes a sy/em ( ob$i5t & tra9$ in/rum5ts1 :i*1 9 ! place ( ! indef9ite1 puts =w>d a ho/ ( det]m9$ entities 7i4e4 we imag9e a sy/em ( clev] b n>r[ intellects :o po/ulate end & means1 9 ord] to be able to grant our only kn[n end1 ! rle ( ! cause ( an action1--a proce$+ to :i* we h no "r3 x is tantam\nt to solv+ a problem by plac+ its solution 9 an inaccessible _w :i* we _c obs]ve74 ,f9ally1 :y c\ld n an end be m]ely an accompany+ feature 9 ! s]ies ( *anges among ! active =ces :i* br+ ab\t ! action--a pale /5ographic symbol /ret*$ 9 consci\sness be=eh&1 & :i* s]ves z a guide to :at happ5s1 ev5 z a symbol ( :at happ5s1 n z its cause8--,b 9 ?is way we criticise w itself3 is x n an illusion to reg>d t :i* ent]s consci\sness z w-p[]1 z a cause8 ,are n all consci\s ph5om5a only f9al ph5om5a--! lo/ l9ks 9 a *a91 b app>5tly condition+ "o ano!r 9 _! sequ5ce )9 ! plane ( consci\sness8 ,?is might be an illusion4 #ffg4 ,sci5ce does n inquire :at impels u to w3 on ! contr>y1 x d5ies t will+ takes place at all1 & supposes t some?+ q diff]5t has happ5$--9 %ort1 t ! belief 9 w & end is an illusion4 ,x does n inquire into ! motives ( an action1 z if ^! _h be5 pres5t 9 consci\sness previ\s to ! action1 b x fir/ divides ! action up into a gr\p ( ph5om5a1 & !n seeks ! previ\s hi/ory ( ?is me*anical movem5t--b n 9 ! t]ms ( feel+1 p]ception1 & ?\ght2 f ?is qu>t] x c nev] accept ! explanation3 p]ception is precisely ! matt] ( sci5ce1 :i* has to be expla9$4--,! problem ( sci5ce is precisely to expla9 ! _w1 )\t tak+ p]ceptions z ! cause3 = t w\ld mean reg>d+ p]ceptions !mselves z ! cause ( p]ceptions4 ,! task ( sci5ce is by no means accompli%$4 ,?us3 ei!r !re is no su* ?+ z w1--! hypo!sis ( sci5ce1--or ! w is free4 ,! latt] assumption repres5ts ! prevail+ feel+1 ( :i* we _c rid ourselves1 ev5 if ! hypo!sis ( sci5ce 7 prov$4 ,! popul> belief 9 cause & effect is f\nd$ on ! pr9ciple t free w is ! cause ( e effect3 !reby alone d we arrive at ! feel+ ( causation4 ,& !reto belongs also ! feel+ t e cause is n an effect1 b always only a cause--if w is ! cause4 ,our acts ( w are n necess>y--?is lies 9 ! v concept ( w4 ,! effect necess>ily comes aft] ! cause--t is :at we feel4 ,x is m]ely a hypo!sis t ev5 our will+ is compulsory 9 e case4 #ffh4 ,to w is n to desire1 to /rive1 to aspire to2 x di/+ui%es itself f t ?r\gh ! passion ( comm&+4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z will+1 b only ! will+ ( some?+3 ! aim mu/ n be sev]$ f ! /ate--z ! epi/emologi/s sev] x4 ,will+1 z !y und]/& x1 is no m possible ?an ?9k+3 x is a pure inv5tion4 ,x is ess5tial to will+ t some?+ %\ld be comm&$ 7b t does n mean t ! w is c>ri$ into effect74 ,! g5]al /ate ( t5sion1 by virtue ( :i* a =ce seeks to dis*>ge itself1 is n will+4 #ffi4 ,pa9 & pleasure are ! mo/ absurd means ( express+ judgm5ts1 :i* ( c\rse does n mean t ! judgm5ts :i* are enunciat$ 9 ?is way mu/ necess>ily be absurd4 ,! elim9ation ( all sub/antiation & logic1 a yes or no 9 ! r$uction to a passionate desire to h or to reject1 an imp]ative abbreviation1 ! utility ( :i* is irrefutable3 t is pa9 & pleasure4 ,its orig9 is 9 ! c5tral sph]e ( ! intellect2 its pr]equisite is an inf9itely accel]at$ process ( p]ceiv+1 ord]+1 co-ord9at+1 calculat+1 conclud+3 pleasure & pa9 are always f9al ph5om5a1 !y are nev] causes4 ,z to decid+ :at provokes pa9 & pleasure1 t is a "q :i* dep5ds ^u ! degree ( p[]3 ! same ?+1 :5 confront$ ) a small quantity ( p[]1 may seem a dang] & may sugge/ ! ne$ ( spe$y def5ce1 & :5 confront$ ) ! consci\sness ( great] p[]1 may be a voluptu\s /imulus & may be foll[$ by a feel+ ( pleasure4 ,all feel+s ( pleasure & pa9 presuppose a measur+ ( collective utility & collective h>mfulness3 consequ5tly a sph]e :]e !re is ! will+ ( an object 7( a condition7 & ! selection ( ! means !reto4 ,pleasure & pa9 are nev] orig9al facts4 ,! feel+s ( pleasure & pa9 are reactions ( ! w 7emotions7 9 :i* ! intellectual c5tre fixes ! value ( c]ta9 sup]v5+ *anges z a collective value1 & also z an introduction ( contr>y actions4 #fgj4 ,! belief 9 emotions--,emotions are a fabrication ( ! intellect1 an inv5tion ( causes :i* d n exi/4 ,all g5]al bodily s5sations :i* we d n und]/& are int]pret$ intellectually--t is to say1 a reason is s\ght :y we feel ?us or ?us among c]ta9 p or 9 c]ta9 exp]i5ces4 ,?us some?+ disadvantage\s dang]\s1 & /range is tak5 = grant$1 z if x 7 ! cause ( our be+ indispos$2 z a matt] ( fact1 x gets add$ to ! indisposition1 s z to make our condition ?9kable4--,mighty ru%es ( blood to ! bra91 accompani$ by a feel+ ( suffocation1 are int]pret$ z ang]3 ! p & ?+s :i* provoke our ang] are a means ( reliev+ our physiological condition4 ,subsequ5tly1 aft] long habituation1 c]ta9 processes & g5]al feel+s are s regul>ly correlat$ t ! sight ( c]ta9 processes provokes t condition ( g5]al feel+1 & induces vascul> engorgem5ts1 ! ejection ( sem9al fluid1 etc43 we !n say t ! emotion is provok$ by prop9quity4 ,judgm5ts already inh]e 9 pleasure & pa93 /imuli become diff]5tiat$1 accord+ z to :e!r !y increase or r$uce ! feel+ ( p[]4 ,! belief 9 will+4 ,to believe t a ?\ght may be ! cause ( a me*anical movem5t is to believe 9 miracles4 ,! consi/5cy ( sci5ce dem&s t once we h made ! _w ?9kable = ourselves by means ( pictures1 we %\ld also make ! emotions1 ! desires1 ! w1 etc41 ?9kable--t is to say1 we %\ld d5y !m & treat !m z errors ( ! intellect4 #fga4 ,free w or no free w8--,!re is no su* ?+ z ,w3 t is only a simplifi$ conception on ! "p ( ! und]/&+1 l matt]4 ,all actions mu/ fir/ be prep>$ & made possible me*anically be=e !y c be will$4 ,or1 9 mo/ cases ! object ( an action ent]s ! bra9 only aft] ev]y?+ is prep>$ = its accompli%m5t4 ,! object is an inn] /imulus--no?+ m4 #fgb4 ,! mo/ proximate prelude to an action relates to t action3 b fur!r back /ill !re lies a prep>atory hi/ory :i* cov]s a f> wid] field3 ! individual action is only a factor 9 a mu* m ext5sive & subsequ5t fact4 ,! %ort] & ! long] processes are n report$4 #fgc4 ,! !ory ( *ance3 ! s\l is a select+ & self-n\ri%+ be+1 :i* is p]si/5tly extremely clev] & creative 7?is creative p[] is commonly ov]lock$6 x is tak5 to be m]ely passive74 ,i recognis$ ! active & creative p[] )9 ! accid5tal4--,accid5t is 9 itself no?+ m ?an ! cla%+ ( creative impulses4 #fgd4 ,among ! enorm\s multiplicity ( ph5om5a to be obs]v$ 9 an organic be+1 t "p :i* becomes consci\s is a m]e means3 & ! p>ticle ( virtue1 self abnegation1 & o!r fanciful inv5tions1 are d5i$ 9 a mo/ ?or\ghgo+ mann] by ! :ole ( ! rema9+ ph5om5a4 ,we w\ld d well to /udy our organism 9 all its immorality4444 ,! animal functions are1 z a matt] ( fact1 a million times m important ?an all beautiful /ates ( ! s\l & heights ( consci\sness3 ! latt] are an ov]fl[1 9 s f> z !y are n ne$$ z in/rum5ts 9 ! s]vice ( ! animal functions4 ,! :ole ( consci\s life3 ! _s toge!r ) ! s\l1 ! he>t1 goodness1 & virtue2 9 ^: s]vice does x "w8 ,9 ! greate/ possible p]fection ( ! means 7= acquir+ n\ri%m5t & advancem5t7 s]v+ ! fundam5tal animal functions3 above all1 ! asc5t ( ! l9e ( ,life4 ,t :i* is call$ fle% & body is ( su* incalculably great] importance1 t ! re/ is no?+ m ?an a small appurt5ance4 ,to cont9ue ! *a9 ( life s t x becomes ev] m p[]ful--t is ! task4 ,b n[ obs]ve h[ ! he>t1 ! s\l1 virtue1 & _s toge!r conspire =mally to ?w>t ?is purpose3 z if !y 7 ! object ( e endeav\r6 444 ,! deg5]ation ( life is ess5tially det]m9$ by ! extraord9>y fallibility ( consci\sness1 :i* is held at bay lea/ ( all by ! in/9cts1 & ?us commits ! grave/ & pr(\nde/ errors4 ,n[ c\ld any m insane extravagance ( vanity be imag9$ ?an to measure ! value ( exi/5ce accord+ to ! pleasant or unpleasant feel+s ( ?is consci\sness8 ,x is obvi\sly only a means3 & pleasant or unpleasant feel+s are also no m ?an means4 ,accord+ to :at /&>d is ! objective value measur$8 ,accord+ to ! quantity ( increas$ & m organis$ p[] alone4 #fge4 ,! value ( all valu+4--,my desire w\ld be to see ! ag5t once m id5tifi$ ) ! action1 aft] action has be5 depriv$ ( all mean+ by hav+ be5 sep>at$ 9 ?\ght f ! ag5t2 ,i %\ld l to see ! notion ( do+ some?+1 ! idea ( a purpose1 ( an int5tion1 ( an object1 re9troduc$ into ! action1 aft] action has be5 made insignificant by hav+ be5 artificially sep>at$ f ^! ?+s4 ,all objects1 purposes1 mean+s1 are only mann]s ( expression & metamorphoses ( ! "o w inh]5t 9 all ph5om5a2 ( ! w to p[]4 ,to h an object1 a purpose1 or an int5tion1 9 fact to w g5]ally1 is equival5t to ! desire = great] /r5g?1 = full] gr[?1 & = ! means !reto 9 addition4 ,! mo/ g5]al & fundam5tal in/9ct 9 all action & will+ is precisely on t acc\nt ! "o :i* is lea/ kn[n & is mo/ conceal$2 = 9 practice we always foll[ its bidd+1 = ! simple reason t we are 9 ourselves its bidd+4444 ,all valuations are only ! results (1 & ! n>r[ po9ts ( view 9 s]v+s ?is "o w3 valu+ 9 itself is no?+ save ?is1 --w to p[]4 ,to criticise exi/5ce f ! /&po9t ( any "o ( ^! values is utt] nons5se & error4 ,ev5 suppos+ t a process ( annihilation foll[s f su* a value1 ev5 s ?is process is 9 ! s]vice ( ?is w4 ,! valuation ( exi/5ce itself6 ,b exi/5ce is ?is valu+ itself6--& ev5 :5 we say no1 we /ill d :at we are4 ,we ought n[ to p]ceive ! absurdity ( ?is pret5ce at judg+ exi/5ce2 & we ought to try & discov] :at actually takes place !re4 ,x is symptomatic4 #fgf4 ,conc]n+ ! ,orig9 ( our ,valuations4 ,we are able to analyse our body1 & by do+ s we get ! same idea ( x z ( ! /ell> sy/em1 & ! diff]5ces betwe5 organic & inorganic lapses4 ,=m]ly ! movem5ts ( ! />s 7 expla9$ z ! effects ( be+s consci\sly pursu+ a purpose3 ?is is no long] requir$1 & ev5 9 reg>d to ! movem5ts ( ! body & its *anges1 ! belief has long s9ce be5 ab&on$ t !y c be expla9$ by an appeal to a consci\sness :i* has a det]m9$ purpose4 ,by f> ! great] numb] ( movem5ts h no?+ to d ) consci\sness at all3 nei!r h !y any?+ to d ) s5sation4 ,s5sations & ?\ghts are extremely r>e & insignificant ?+s comp>$ ) ! innum]able ph5om5a occurr+ e second4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we believe t a c]ta9 con=mity ( means to ends rules ov] ! v smalle/ ph5om5on1 :i* x is q beyond our deepe/ sci5ce to und]/&2 a sort ( cauti\sness1 selectiv5ess1 co-ord9ation1 & repair+ process1 etc4 ,9 %ort1 we are 9 ! pres5ce ( an activity to :i* x w\ld be necess>y to ascribe an incalculably high] & m ext5sive intellect ?an ! "o we are acqua9t$ )4 ,we le>n to ?9k less ( all t is consci\s3 we unle>n ! habit ( mak+ ourselves responsible = ourselves1 because1 z consci\s be+s fix+ purposes1 we are b ! smalle/ "p ( ourselves4 ,( ! num]\s influ5ces tak+ effect e second1 = in/ance1 air1 electricity1 we feel sc>cely any?+ at all4 ,!re might be a numb] ( =ces1 :i*1 ?\gh !y nev] make !mselves felt by u1 yet influ5ce u cont9ually4 ,pleasure & pa9 are v r>e & scanty ph5om5a1 comp>$ ) ! c\ntless /imuli ) :i* a cell or an organ op]ates ^u ano!r cell or organ4 ,x is ! phase ( ! mode/y ( consci\sness4 ,f9ally1 we c grasp ! consci\s ego itself1 m]ely z an in/rum5t 9 ! s]vice ( t high] & m ext5sive intellect3 & !n we may ask :e!r all consci\s will+1 all consci\s purposes1 all valuations1 are n p]haps only means by virtue ( :i* some?+ ess5tially diff]5t is atta9$1 f t :i* consci\sness supposes4 ,we mean3 x is a "q ( our pleasure & pa9 b pleasure & pa9 might be ! means :]eby we _h some?+ to d :i* lies outside our consci\sness4 ,?is is to %[ h[ v sup]ficial all consci\s ph5om5a really are2 h[ an action & ! image ( x diff]2 h[ little we "k ab\t :at prec$es an action2 h[ fanta/ic our feel+s1 freewill1 & cause & effect are2 h[ ?\ghts & images1 j l words1 are only signs ( ?\ghts2 ! impossibility ( f9d+ ! gr\nds ( any action2 ! sup]ficiality ( all praise & blame2 h[ ess5tially our consci\s life is compos$ ( fancies & illusion2 h[ all our words m]ely /& = fancies 7our emotions too71 & h[ ! union ( mank9d dep5ds ^u ! transmission & cont9uation ( ^! fancies3 :]eas1 at bottom1 ! real union ( mank9d by means ( procreation pursues its unkn[n way4 ,does ?is belief 9 ! common fancies ( m5 really alt] mank9d8 ,or is ! :ole body ( ideas & valuations only an expression 9 itself ( unkn[n *anges8 ,are !re really su* ?+s z w1 purposes1 ?\ghts1 values8 ,is ! :ole ( consci\s life p]haps no m ?an mirage8 ,ev5 :5 values seem to det]m9e ! actions ( a man1 !y are1 z a matt] ( fact1 do+ some?+ q diff]5t6 ,9 %ort1 grant+ t a c]ta9 con=mity ( means to end might be demon/rat$ 9 ! action ( nature1 )\t ! assumption ( a rul+ ego3 c\ld n our notion ( purposes1 & our w1 etc41 be only a symbolic language /&+ = some?+ q diff]5t--t is to say1 some?+ n-will+ & unconsci\s8 only ! ?9ne/ semblance ( t natural con=mity ( means to end 9 ! organic _w1 b n 9 any way diff]5t !refrom8 ,briefly1 p]haps ! :ole ( m5tal developm5t is a matt] ( ! body3 x is ! consci\sly record$ hi/ory ( ! fact t a high] body is =m+4 ,! organic asc5ds to high] regions4 ,our long+ to "k ,nature is a means by virtue ( :i* ! body w\ld rea* p]fection4 ,or1 bett] /ill1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( exp]im5ts are made to alt] ! n\ri%m5t & ! mode ( liv+ ( ! body3 ! body's consci\sness & valuations1 its k9ds ( pleasure & pa91 are signs ( ^! *anges & exp]im5ts4 ,9 ! end1 x is n a "q conc]n+ man2 = he mu/ be surpass$4 #fgg4 ,to :at ,ext5t are all ,int]pretations ( ! ,_w ,symptoms ( a ,rul+ ,in/9ct4 ,! arti/ic contemplation ( ! _w3 to sit be=e ! _w & to survey x4 ,b "h ! analysis ( /hetical contemplation1 its r$uction to cruelty1 its feel+ ( security1 its judicial & deta*$ attitude1 etc41 are lack+4 ,! arti/ himself mu/ be tak51 toge!r ) 8 psy*ology 7! criticism ( ! in/9ct ( play1 z a dis*>ge ( en]gy1 ! love ( *ange1 ! love ( br++ "o's s\l 9 t\* ) /range ?+s1 ! absolute egoism ( ! arti/1 etc474 ,:at in/9cts does he sublimate8 ,! sci5tific contemplation ( ! _w3 a criticism ( ! psy*ological long+ = sci5ce1 ! desire to make ev]y?+ compreh5sible2 ! desire to make ev]y?+ practical1 useful1 capable ( be+ exploit$--to :at ext5t ?is is anti-/hetic4 ,only t value c\nts1 :i* may be reckon$ 9 figures4 ,h[ x happ5s t a m$iocre type ( man prepond]ates "u ! influ5ce ( sci5ce4 ,x w\ld be t]rible if ev5 hi/ory 7 to be tak5 possession ( 9 ?is way--! realm ( ! sup]ior1 ( ! judicial4 ,:at in/9cts are "h sublimat$6 ,! religi\s contemplation ( ! _w3 a criticism ( ! religi\s man4 ,x is n necess>y to take ! moral man z ! type1 b ! man :o has extreme feel+s ( exaltation & ( deep depression1 & :o int]prets ! =m] ) ?ankfulness or suspicion )\t1 h[ev]1 seek+ _! orig9 9 himself 7nor ! latt] ei!r74 ,! man :o ess5tially feels any?+ b free1 :o sublimates 8 conditions & /ates ( submission4 ,! moral contemplation ( ! _w4 ,! feel+s peculi> to c]ta9 social ranks are project$ into ! univ]se3 /ability1 law1 ! mak+ ( ?+s ord]ly1 & ! mak+ ( ?+s alike1 are s\ght 9 ! highe/ sph]es1 because !y are valu$ mo/ highly1--above ev]y?+ or beh9d ev]y?+4 ,:at is common to all3 ! rul+ in/9cts wi% to be reg>d$ z ! highe/ values 9 g5]al1 ev5 z ! creative & rul+ p[]s4 ,x is und]/ood t ^! in/9cts ei!r oppose or ov]come ea* o!r 7jo9 up syn!tically1 or alt]nate 9 p[]74 ,_! pr(\nd antagonism is1 h[ev]1 s great1 t 9 ^? cases 9 :i* !y all insi/ ^u be+ gratifi$1 a man ( v ?or\gh m$iocrity is ! outcome4 #fgh4 ,x is a "q :e!r ! orig9 ( our app>5t k is n also a m]e (f%oot ( our old] valuations1 :i* are s completely assimilat$ t !y belong to ! v basis ( our nature4 ,9 ?is way only ! m rec5t ne$s engage 9 battle ) results ( ! olde/ ne$s4 ,! _w is se51 felt1 & int]pret$ ?us & ?us1 9 ord] t organic life may be pres]v$ ) ?is p>ticul> mann] ( int]pretation4 ,man is n only an individual1 b ! cont9uation ( collective organic life 9 "o def9ite l9e4 ,! fact t man survives1 proves t a c]ta9 species ( int]pretations 7ev5 ?\gh x /ill be add$ to7 has also surviv$2 t1 z a sy/em1 ?is me?od ( int]pret+ has n *ang$4 ,adaptation4 ,our dissatisfaction1 our ideal1 etc41 may possibly be ! result ( ?is incorporat$ piece ( int]pretation1 ( our p>ticul> po9t ( view3 ! organic _w may ultimately p]i% ow+ to x j z ! division ( lab\r 9 organisms may be ! means ( br++ ab\t ! ru9 ( ! :ole1 if "o "p happ5 to )] or weak54 ,! de/ruction ( organic life1 & ev5 ( ! highe/ =m !re(1 mu/ foll[ ! same pr9ciples z ! de/ruction ( ! individual4 #fgi4 ,judg$ f ! /&po9t ( ! !ory ( desc5t1 individuation %[s ! cont9u\s break+ up ( "o into two1 & ! equally cont9u\s annihilation ( individuals = ! sake ( a few individuals1 :i* evolution be>s onw>ds2 ! great] mass always p]i%es 7! body74 ,! fundam5tal ph5om5a3 innum]able individuals are sacrific$ = ! sake ( a few1 9 ord] to make ! few possible4--,"o mu/ n all[ "o's self to be deceiv$2 ! case is ! same ) peoples & races3 !y produce ! body = ! g5]ation ( isolat$ & valuable individuals1 :o cont9ue ! great process4 #fhj4 ,i am oppos$ to ! !ory t ! individual /udies ! int]e/s ( ! species1 or ( po/]ity1 at ! co/ ( 8 own advantage3 all ?is is only app>5t4 ,! excessive importance :i* he atta*es to ! sexual in/9ct is n ! result ( ! latt]'s importance to ! species1 = procreation is ! actual p]=mance ( ! individual1 x is 8 greate/ int]e/1 & !re=e x is 8 highe/ expression ( p[] 7n judg$ f ! /&po9t ( consci\sness1 b f ! v c5tre ( ! individual74 #fha4 ,! fundam5tal errors ( ! biologi/s :o h liv$ hi!rto3 x is n a matt] ( ! species1 b ( re>+ /rong] individuals 7! _m are only a means74 ,life is n ! cont9u\s adju/m5t ( int]nal relations to ext]nal relations1 b w to p[]1 :i*1 proce$+ f inside1 subjugates & incorporates an ev]-increas+ quantity ( ext]nal ph5om5a4 ,^! biologi/s cont9ue ! moral valuations 7! absolutely high] wor? ( ,altruism1 ! antagonism t[>ds ! lu/ ( dom9ion1 t[>ds w>1 t[>ds all t :i* is n useful1 & t[>ds all ord] ( rank & ( class74 #fhb4 ,9 natural sci5ce1 ! moral depreciation ( ! ego /ill goes h& 9 h& ) ! ov]e/imation ( ! species4 ,b ! species is q z illusory z ! ego3 a false di/9ction has be5 made4 ,! ego is a hundr$ times m ?an a m]e unit 9 a *a9 ( creatures2 x is ! *a9 itself1 9 e possible respect1 & ! species is m]ely an ab/raction sugge/$ by ! multiplicity & p>tial simil>ity ( ^! *a9s4 ,t ! individual is sacrific$ to ! species1 z p (t5 say he is1 is n a fact at all3 x is r only an example ( false int]pretation4 #fhc4 ,! =mula ( ! progress-sup]/ition accord+ to a fam\s physiologi/ ( ! c]ebral regions3-- ,l'animal ne fait jamais de progrs comme espce4 ,l'homme seul fait de progrs comme espce4 ,no4 #fhd4 ,anti-,d>w94--,! dome/ication ( man3 :at def9ite value c x h1 or has dome/ication 9 itself a def9ite value8--,!re are reasons = d5y+ ! latt] proposition4 ,d>w9's s*ool ( ?\ght c]ta9ly goes to great pa9s to conv9ce u ( ! rev]se3 x w\ld fa9 prove t ! influ5ce ( dome/ication may be pr(\nd & fundam5tal4 ,= ! "t be+1 we /& firmly z we did be=e2 up to ! pres5t no results save v sup]ficial modification or deg5]ation h be5 %[n to foll[ ^u dome/ication4 ,& ev]y?+ t escapes f ! h& & discipl9e ( man1 returns almo/ imm$iately to its orig9al natural condition4 ,! type rema9s con/ant1 man _c dnatur] la nature4 ,biologi/s reckon ^u ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ! dea? ( ! weak] creature & ! survival ( ! mo/ robu/1 mo/ gift$ combatant2 on t acc\nt !y imag9e a cont9u\s increase 9 ! p]fection ( all creatures4 ,we1 on ! contr>y1 h conv9c$ ourselves ( ! fact1 t 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 accid5t s]ves ! cause ( ! weak q z mu* z t ( ! /rong2 t craft9ess (t5 supplem5ts /r5g? ) advantage2 t ! prolificness ( a species is relat$ 9 a rem>kable mann] to t species *ances ( de/ruction4444 ,natural ,selection is also cr$it$ ) ! p[] ( sl[ly effect+ unlimit$ metamorphoses3 x is believ$ t e advantage is transmitt$ by h]$ity1 & /r5g!n$ 9 ! c\rse ( g5]ations 7:5 h]$ity is kn[n to be s caprici\s t 44472 ! happy adaptations ( c]ta9 creatures to v special conditions ( life1 are reg>d$ z ! result ( surr\nd+ influ5ces4 ,n[h]e1 h[ev]1 are examples ( unconsci\s selection to be f\nd 7absolutely n[h]e74 ,! mo/ diff]5t individuals associate "o ) ! o!r2 ! extremes become lo/ 9 ! mass4 ,ea* vies ) ! o!r to ma9ta9 8 k9d2 ^? creatures ^: appe>ance %ields !m f c]ta9 dang]s1 d n alt] ?is appe>ance :5 !y are 9 an environm5t q devoid ( dang]4444 ,if !y live 9 places :]e _! coats or _! hides d n conceal !m1 !y d n adapt !mselves to _! surr\nd+s 9 any way4 ,! selection ( ! mo/ beautiful has be5 s exagg]at$1 t x greatly exce$s ! in/9cts = beauty 9 our own race6 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! mo/ beautiful creature (t5 c\ples ) ! mo/ debas$1 & ! l>ge/ ) ! smalle/4 ,we almo/ always see males & females tak+ advantage ( _! fir/ *ance meet+1 & manife/+ no ta/e or selectiv5ess at all4--,modification ?r\gh climate & n\ri%m5t--b z a matt] ( fact unimportant4 ,!re are no int]m$iate =ms4-- ,! gr[+ evolution ( creatures is assum$4 ,all gr\nds = ?is assumption are entirely lack+4 ,e type has its limitations3 beyond ^! evolution _c c>ry x4 ,my g5]al po9t ( view4 ,fir/ proposition3 ,man z a species is n progress+4 ,high] specim5s are inde$ atta9$2 b !y d n survive4 ,! g5]al level ( ! species is n rais$4 ,second proposition3 ,man z a species does n repres5t any sort ( progress comp>$ ) any o!r animal4 ,! :ole ( ! animal & plant _w does n develop f ! l[] to ! high]4444 b all simultane\sly1 haphaz>dly1 confus$ly1 & at v>iance4 ,! ri*e/ & mo/ complex =ms--& ! t]m high] type means no m ?an ?is--p]i% m easily3 only ! l[e/ succe$ 9 ma9ta9+ _! app>5t imp]i%abl5ess4 ,! =m] are seldom atta9$1 & ma9ta9 _! sup]ior position ) difficulty1 ! latt] are comp5sat$ by great fruitfulness4--,9 ! human race1 also1 ! sup]ior specim5s1 ! happy cases ( evolution1 are ! fir/ to p]i% amid ! fluctuations ( *ances = & aga9/ !m4 ,!y are expos$ to e =m ( decad5ce3 !y are extreme1 &1 on t acc\nt alone1 already decad5ts4444 ,! %ort duration ( beauty1 ( g5ius1 ( ! ,cs>1 is sui g5]is3 su* ?+s are n h]$it>y4 ,! type is inh]it$1 !re is no?+ extreme or p>ticul>ly happy ab\t a type----,x is n a case ( a p>ticul> fate1 or ( ! evil w ( ,nature1 b m]ely ( ! concept sup]ior type3 ! high] type is an example ( an incomp>ably great] degree ( complexity a great] sum ( co-ord9at$ elem5ts3 b on ?is acc\nt dis9tegration becomes a ?\s& times m ?reat5+4 ,g5ius is ! sublime/ ma*9e 9 exi/5ce--h5ce x is ! mo/ fragile4 ,?ird propositio33 ,! dome/ication 7culture7 ( man does n s9k v deep4 ,:5 x does s9k f> bel[ ! sk9 x imm$iately becomes deg5]ation 7type3 ! ,*ri/ian74 ,! wild man 7or1 9 moral t]m9ology1 ! evil man7 is a rev]sion to ,nature--&1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 he repres5ts a recov]y1 a cure f ! effects ( culture4 444 #fhe4 ,anti-,d>w94--,:at surprises me mo/ on mak+ a g5]al survey ( ! great de/9ies ( man1 is t ,i inv>iably see ! rev]se ( :at to-day ,d>w9 & 8 s*ool sees or w p]si/ 9 see+3 selection 9 fav\r ( ! /rong]1 ! bett]-con/itut$1 & ! progress ( ! species4 ,precisely ! rev]se ( ?is />es "o 9 ! face3 ! suppression ( ! lucky cases1 ! uselessness ( ! m highly con/itut$ types1 ! inevitable ma/]y ( ! m$iocre1 & ev5 ( ^? :o are bel[ m$iocrity4 ,unless we are %[n "s reason :y man is an exception among liv+ creatures1 ,i incl9e to ! belief t ,d>w9's s*ool is ev]y:]e at fault4 ,t w to p[]1 9 :i* ,i p]ceive ! ultimate reason & "* ( all *ange1 expla9s :y x is t selection is nev] 9 fav\r ( ! exceptions & ( ! lucky cases3 ! /ronge/ & happie/ natures are weak :5 !y are confront$ ) a majority rul$ by organis$ greg>i\s in/9cts & ! fe> :i* possesses ! weak4 ,my g5]al view ( ! _w ( values %[s t 9 ! highe/ values :i* n[ sway ! de/9y ( man1 ! happy cases among m51 ! select specim5s d n prevail3 b r ! decad5t specim5s1--p]haps !re is no?+ m int]e/+ 9 ! _w ?an ?is unpleasant spectacle4444 ,/range z x may seem1 ! /rong always h to be upheld aga9/ ! weak2 & ! well-con/itut$ aga9/ ! ill-con/itut$1 ! heal?y aga9/ ! sick & physiologically bot*$4 ,if we drew our morals f reality1 !y w\ld read ?us3 ! m$iocre are m valuable ?an ! exceptional creatures1 & ! decad5t ?an ! m$iocre2 ! w to non5tity prevails ov] ! w to life--& ! g5]al aim n[ is1 9 ,*ri/ian1 ,buddhi/ic1 ,s*op5hau]ian phraseology3 ,x is bett] n to be ?an to be4 ,i prote/ aga9/ ?is =mulat+ ( reality into a moral3 & ,i loa! ,*ri/ianity ) a deadly loa?+1 because x creat$ sublime words & attitudes 9 ord] to deck a revolt+ tru? ) all ! tawdr9ess ( ju/ice1 virtue1 & godl9ess4444 ,i see all philosoph]s & ! :ole ( sci5ce on _! knees be=e a reality :i* is ! rev]se ( ! /ruggle = life1 z ,d>w9 & 8 s*ool und]/ood x--t is to say1 :]ev] ,i look1 ,i see ^? prevail+ & surviv+1 :o ?r[ d\bt & suspicion ^u life & ! value ( life4--,! error ( ! ,d>w9ian s*ool became a problem to me3 h[ c "o be s bl9d z to make ?is mi/ake8 ,t species %[ an asc5d+ t5d5cy1 is ! mo/ nons5sical ass]tion t has ev] be5 made3 until n[ !y h only manife/$ a dead level4 ,!re is no?+ :atev] to prove t ! high] organisms h develop$ f ! l[]4 ,i see t ! l[]1 ow+ to _! num]ical /r5g?1 _! craft1 & ruse1 n[ prepond]ate1--& ,i fail to see an in/ance 9 :i* an accid5tal *ange produces an advantage1 at lea/ n = a v long p]iod3 = x w\ld be necess>y to f9d "s reason :y an accid5tal *ange %\ld become s v /rong4 ,i d inde$ f9d ! cruelty ( ,nature :i* is s (t5 ref]r$ to2 b 9 a diff]5t place3 ,nature is cruel1 b aga9/ h] lucky & well-con/itut$ *ildr52 %e protects & %elt]s & loves ! l[ly4 ,9 %ort1 ! increase ( a species' p[]1 z ! result ( ! prepond]ance ( its p>ticul>ly well-con/itut$ & /rong specim5s1 is p]haps less ( a c]ta9ty ?an t x is ! result ( ! prepond]ance ( its m$iocre & l[] specim5s 444 9 ! case ( ! latt]1 we f9d great fruitfulness & p]man5ce3 9 ! case ( ! =m]1 ! besett+ dang]s are great]1 wa/e is m rapid1 & decimation is m spe$y4 #fhf4 ,man z he has appe>$ up to ! pres5t is ! embryo ( ! man ( ! future2 all ! =mative p[]s :i* are to produce ! latt]1 already lie 9 ! =m]3 & ow+ to ! fact t !y are enorm\s1 ! m promis+ = ! future ! mod]n individual happ5s to be1 ! m suff]+ falls to 8 lot4 ,?is is ! pr(\nde/ concept ( suff]+4 ,! =mative p[]s cla%4--,! isolation ( ! individual ne$ n deceive "o--z a matt] ( fact1 "s un9t]rupt$ curr5t does actually fl[ ?r\gh all individuals1 & does ?us unite !m4 ,! fact t !y feel !mselves isolat$1 is ! mo/ p[]ful spur 9 ! process ( sett+ !mselves ! l(tie/ ( aims3 _! se>* = happ9ess is ! means :i* keeps toge!r & mod]ates ! =mative p[]s1 & keeps !m f be+ mutually de/ructive4 #fhg4 ,excessive intellectual /r5g? sets itself new goals2 x is n 9 ! lea/ satisfi$ by ! comm& & ! lead]%ip ( ! inf]ior _w1 or by ! pres]vation ( ! organism1 ( ! individual4 ,we are m ?an ! individual3 we are ! :ole *a9 itself1 ) ! tasks ( all ! possible futures ( t *a9 9 u4 #c4 ,!ory ( ! ,w to ,p[] & ( ,valuations4 #fhh4 ,! unit>y view ( psy*ology4--,we are accu/om$ to reg>d ! developm5t ( a va/ numb] ( =ms z compatible ) "o s+le orig94 ,my !ory w\ld be3 t ! w to p[] is ! primitive motive =ce out ( :i* all o!r motives h be5 d]iv$2 ,t x is exce$+ly illum9at+ to sub/itute p[] = individual happ9ess 7aft] :i* e liv+ organism is said to /rive73 ,x /rives aft] p[]1 aft] m p[]2--happ9ess is only a symptom ( ! feel+ ( p[] atta9$1 a consci\sness ( diff]5ce 7x does n /rive aft] happ9ess3 b happ9ess /eps 9 :5 ! object is atta9$1 aft] :i* ! organism has /riv53 happ9ess is an accompany+1 n an actuat+ factor72 ,t all motive =ce is ! w to p[]2 t !re is no o!r =ce1 ei!r physical1 dynamic1 or psy*ic4 ,9 our sci5ce1 :]e ! concept cause & effect is r$uc$ to a relation%ip ( complete equilibrium1 & 9 :i* x seems desirable = ! same quantum ( =ce to be f\nd on ei!r side1 all idea ( a motive p[] is abs5t3 we only appreh5d results1 & we call ^! equal f ! po9t ( view ( _! cont5t ( =ce4444 ,x is a matt] ( m]e exp]i5ce t *ange nev] ceases3 at bottom we h n ! smalle/ gr\nds = assum+ t any "o p>ticul> *ange mu/ foll[ ^u any o!r4 ,on ! contr>y1 any /ate :i* has be5 atta9$ w\ld seem almo/ =c$ to ma9ta9 itself intact if x _h n )9 itself a capacity = n desir+ to ma9ta9 itself4444 ,sp9oza's proposition conc]n+ self-pres]vation ought z a matt] ( fact to put a /op to *ange4 ,b ! proposition is false2 ! contr>y is true4 ,9 all liv+ organisms x c be cle>ly %[n t !y d ev]y?+ n to rema9 z !y are1 b to become great]4444 #fhi4 ,w to p[] & causality4--,f a psy*ological po9t ( view ! idea ( cause is our feel+ ( p[] 9 ! act :i* is call$ will+--our concept effect is ! sup]/ition t ?is feel+ ( p[] is itself ! =ce :i* moves ?+s4444 ,a /ate :i* accompanies an ev5t & is already an effect ( t ev5t is deem$ suffici5t cause ( ! latt]2 ! t5se relation%ip ( our feel+ ( p[] 7pleasure z ! feel+ ( p[]7 & ( an ob/acle be+ ov]come--are ^! ?+s illusions8 ,if we translate ! notion cause back into ! only sph]e :i* is kn[n to u1 & out ( :i* we h tak5 x1 we _c imag9e any *ange 9 :i* ! w to p[] is n inh]5t4 ,we d n "k h[ to acc\nt = any *ange :i* is n a trespass+ ( "o p[] on ano!r4 ,me*anics only %[ u ! results1 & !n only 9 images 7movem5t is a figure ( spee*72 gravitation itself has no me*anical cause1 because x is itself ! fir/ cause ( me*anical results4 ,! w to accumulate =ce is conf9$ to ! ph5om5on ( life1 to n\ri%m5t1 to procreation1 to inh]itance1 to society1 /ates1 cu/oms1 au?ority4 ,%\ld we n be all[$ to assume t ?is w is ! motive p[] also ( *emi/ry8--& ( ! cosmic ord]8 ,n only cons]vation ( en]gy1 b ! m9imum am\nt ( wa/e2 s t ! only reality is ?is3 ! w ( e c5tre ( p[] to become /rong]--n self-pres]vation1 b ! desire to appropriate1 to become ma/]1 to become m1 to become /rong]4 ,is ! fact t sci5ce is possible a pro( ( ! pr9ciple ( causation--,f l causes1 l effects--,a p]man5t law ( ?+s--,inv>iable ord]8 ,because some?+ is calculable1 is x !re=e on t acc\nt necess>y8 ,if some?+ happ5s ?us1 & ?us only1 x is n ! manife/ation ( a pr9ciple1 ( a law1 ( ord]4 ,:at happ5s is t c]ta9 quanta ( p[] beg9 to op]ate1 & _! ess5ce is to ex]cise _! p[] ov] all o!r quanta ( p[]4 ,c we assume ! exi/5ce ( a /riv+ aft] p[] )\t a feel+ ( pleasure & pa91 i4e4 )\t ! s5sation ( an increase or a decrease ( p[]8 ,is me*anism only a language ( signs = ! conceal$ fact ( a _w ( fight+ & conqu]+ quanta ( w-p[]8 ,all me*anical fir/-pr9ciples1 matt]1 atoms1 weight1 pressure1 & repulsion1 are n facts 9 !mselves1 b int]pretations arriv$ at ) ! help ( psy*ical fictions4 ,life1 :i* is our be/ kn[n =m ( be+1 is altoge!r w to ! accumulation ( /r5g?--all ! processes ( life h+e on ?is3 ev]y?+ aims1 n at pres]vation1 b at accretion & accumulation4 ,life z an individual case 7a hypo!sis :i* may be appli$ to exi/5ce 9 g5]al7 /rives aft] ! maximum feel+ ( p[]2 life is ess5tially a /riv+ aft] m p[]2 /riv+ itself is only a /ra9+ aft] m p[]2 ! mo/ fundam5tal & inn]mo/ ?+ ( all is ?is w4 7,me*anism is m]ely ! semeiotics ( ! results47 #fij4 ,! ?+ :i* is ! cause ( ! exi/5ce ( developm5t _c 9 ! c\rse ( inve/igation be f\nd above developm5t2 x %\ld nei!r be reg>d$ z evolv+ nor z evolv$ 444 ! w to p[] _c h be5 evolv$4 #fia4 ,:at is ! relation ( ! :ole ( ! organic process t[>ds ! re/ ( nature8--,"h ! fundam5tal w reveals itself4 #fib4 ,is ! w to p[] a k9d ( w1 or is x id5tical ) ! concept w8 ,is x equival5t to desir+ or comm&+2 is x ! w :i* ,s*op5hau] says is ! ess5ce ( ?+s8 ,my proposition is t ! w ( psy*ologi/s hi!rto has be5 an unju/ifiable g5]alisation1 & t !re is no su* ?+ z ?is sort ( w1 t in/ead ( ! developm5t ( "o w into sev]al =ms be+ tak5 z a fact1 ! "* ( w has be5 cancell$ ow+ to ! fact t its cont5t1 its :i!r1 0 subtract$ f x3 9 ,s*op5hau] ?is is s 9 ! highe/ degree2 :at he calls w is m]ely an empty ^w4 ,!re is ev5 less plausibility 9 ! w to live3 = life is simply "o ( ! manife/ations ( ! w to p[]2 x is q arbitr>y & ridicul\s to sugge/ t ev]y?+ is /riv+ to ent] into ?is p>ticul> =m ( ! w to p[]4 #fic4 ,if ! inn]mo/ ess5ce ( exi/5ce is ! w to p[]2 if happ9ess is e increase ( p[]1 & unhapp9ess ! feel+ ( n be+ able to resi/1 ( n be+ able to become ma/]3 may we n !n po/ulate happ9ess & pa9 z c>d9al facts8 ,is w possible )\t ^! two oscillations ( yea & nay8 ,b :o feels happ9ess8 444 ,:o w h p[]8 444 ,nons5sical "q6 ,if ! ess5ce ( all ?+s is itself w to p[]1 & consequ5tly ! ability to feel pleasure & pa96 ,albeit3 contra/s & ob/acles are necess>y1 !re=e also1 relatively1 units :i* trespass on "o ano!r4 #fid4 ,accord+ to ! ob/acles :i* a =ce seeks ) a view ( ov]com+ !m1 ! measure ( ! failure & ! fatality ?us provok$ mu/ increase1 & 9 s f> z e =ce c only manife/ itself aga9/ "s ?+ t opposes x1 an elem5t ( unhapp9ess is necess>ily inh]5t 9 e action4 ,b ?is pa9 acts z a great] incitem5t to life1 & increases ! w to p[]4 #fie4 ,if pleasure & pa9 are relat$ to ! feel+ ( p[]1 life w\ld h to repres5t su* an increase 9 p[] t ! diff]5ce1 ! plus1 w\ld h to ent] consci\sness4 ,a dead level ( p[]1 if ma9ta9$1 w\ld h to measure its happ9ess 9 relation to depreciations ( t level1 i4e4 9 relation to /ates ( unhapp9ess & n ( happ9ess4444 ,! w to an increase lies 9 ! ess5ce ( happ9ess3 t p[] is enhanc$1 & t ?is diff]5ce becomes consci\s4 ,9 a /ate ( decad5ce aft] a c]ta9 "t ! opposite diff]5ce becomes consci\s1 t is decrease3 ! memory ( =m] /rong mom5ts depresses ! pres5t feel+s ( happ9ess 9 ?is /ate comp>ison r$uces happ9ess4 #fif4 ,x is n ! satisfaction ( ! w :i* is ! cause ( happ9ess 7to ?is sup]ficial !ory ,i am m p>ticul>ly oppos$--?is absurd psy*ological =g]y 9 reg>d to ! mo/ simple ?+s71 b x is t ! w is always /riv+ to ov]come t :i* /&s 9 its way4 ,! feel+ ( happ9ess lies precisely 9 ! discont5t$ness ( ! w1 9 ! fact t )\t oppon5ts & ob/acles x is nev] satisfi$4 ,! happy man3 a greg>i\s ideal4 #fig4 ,! normal discont5t ( our in/9cts--= in/ance1 ( ! in/9ct ( hung]1 ( sex1 ( movem5t--conta9s no?+ :i* is 9 itself depress+2 x r provokes ! feel+ ( life1 &1 :atev] ! pessimi/s may say to u1 l all ! rhy?ms ( small & irritat+ /imuli1 x /r5g!ns4 ,in/ead ( ?is discont5t mak+ u sick ( life1 x is r ! great /imulus to life4 7,pleasure might ev5 p]haps be *>act]is$ z ! rhy?m ( small & pa9ful /imuli47 #fih4 ,kant says3 ,^! l9es ( ,c\nt ,v]ri's 7,sull' indole del piac]e e del dolore2 #agha7 ,i confirm ) absolute c]ta9ty3 ',il solo pr9cipio motore dell' uomo il dolore4 ,il dolore prec$e ogni piac]e4 ,il piac]e non un ess]e positivo4'#e ,footnote #e3 ,on ! ,nature ( ,pleasure & ,pa94 ,! only motive =ce ( man is pa94 ,pa9 prec$es e pleasure4 ,pleasure is n a positive ?+4--,tr4 #fii4 ,pa9 is some?+ diff]5t f pleasure--,i mean x is n ! latt]'s opposite4 ,if ! ess5ce ( pleasure has be5 aptly *>act]is$ z ! feel+ ( increas$ p[] 7t is to say1 z a feel+ ( diff]5ce :i* presupposes comp>ison71 t does n def9e ! nature ( pa94 ,! false contra/s :i* ! p1 & consequ5tly ! language1 believes 91 are always dang]\s fett]s :i* imp$e ! m>* ( tru?4 ,!re are ev5 cases :]e a k9d ( pleasure is condition$ by a c]ta9 rhy?mic sequ5ce ( small1 pa9ful /imuli3 9 ?is way a v rapid gr[? ( ! feel+ ( p[] & ( ! feel+ ( pleasure is atta9$4 ,?is is ! case1 = in/ance1 9 tickl+1 also 9 ! sexual tickl+ :i* accompanies ! coitus3 "h we see pa9 act+ z ! +r$i5t ( happ9ess4 ,x seems to be a small h9drance :i* is ov]come1 foll[$ imm$iately by ano!r small h9drance :i* once aga9 is ov]come--?is play ( resi/ance & resi/ance ov]come is ! greate/ excitant ( t complete feel+ ( ov]fl[+ & surplus p[] :i* con/itutes ! ess5ce ( happ9ess4 ,! conv]se1 :i* w\ld be an increase 9 ! feel+ ( pa9 ?r\gh small int]calat$ pleasurable /imuli1 does n exi/3 pleasure & pa9 are n opposites4 ,pa9 is und\bt$ly an intellectual process 9 :i* a judgm5t is inh]5t--! judgm5t h>mful1 9 :i* long exp]i5ce is epitomis$4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z pa9 9 itself4 ,x is n ! w\nd t hurts1 x is ! exp]i5ce ( ! h>mful results a w\nd may h = ! :ole organism1 :i* "h speaks 9 ?is deeply mov+ way1 & is call$ pa94 7,9 ! case ( delet]i\s influ5ces :i* 7 unkn[n to anci5t man1 z1 = in/ance1 ^? resid+ 9 ! new comb9ation ( poison\s *emicals1 ! h9t f pa9 is lack+1 & we are lo/47 ,t :i* is q peculi> 9 pa9 is ! prolong$ di/urbance1 ! quiv]+ subsequ5t to a t]rible %ock 9 ! ganglia ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 nobody suff]s f ! cause ( pa9 7f any sort ( injury1 = in/ance71 b f ! protract$ di/urbance ( 8 equilibrium :i* foll[s ^u ! %ock4 ,pa9 is a disease ( ! c]ebral c5tres--pleasure is no disease at all4 ,! fact t pa9 may be ! cause ( reflex actions has appe>ances & ev5 philosophical prejudice 9 its fav\r4 ,b 9 v sudd5 accid5ts1 if we obs]ve closely1 we f9d t ! reflex action occurs appreciably e>li] ?an ! feel+ ( pa94 ,i %\ld be 9 a bad way :5 ,i /umbl$ if ,i _h to wait until ! fact _h /ruck ! bell ( my consci\sness1 & until a h9t ( :at ,i _h to d _h be5 telegraph$ back to me4 ,on ! contr>y1 :at ,i notice z cle>ly z possible is1 t fir/1 9 ord] to avoid a fall1 reflex action on ! "p ( my foot takes place1 & !n1 aft] a c]ta9 measurable space ( "t1 !re foll[s q sudd5ly a k9d ( pa9ful wave 9 my =ehead4 ,nobody1 !n1 reacts to pa94 ,pa9 is subsequ5tly project$ into ! w\nd$ qu>t]--b ! ess5ce ( ?is local pa9 is nev]!less n ! expression ( a k9d ( local w\nd1 x is m]ely a local sign1 ! /r5g? & nature ( :i* is 9 keep+ ) ! sev]ity ( ! w\nd1 & ( :i* ! n]ve c5tres h tak5 note4 ,! fact t z ! result ( ?is %ock ! muscul> p[] ( ! organism is mat]ially r$uc$1 does n prove 9 any way t ! ess5ce ( pa9 is to be s\ght 9 ! l[]+ ( ! feel+ ( p[]4 ,once m let me repeat3 nobody reacts to pa93 pa9 is no cause ( action4 ,pa9 itself is a reaction2 ! reflex movem5t is ano!r & e>li] process--bo? orig9ate at diff]5t po9ts4444 #gjj4 ,! message ( pa93 9 itself pa9 does n ann\nce t :i* has be5 mom5t>ily damag$1 b ! significance ( ?is damage = ! individual z a :ole4 ,are we to suppose t !re are any pa9s :i* ! species feel1 & :i* ! individual does n8 #gja4 ,! sum ( unhapp9ess outweighs ! sum ( happ9ess3 consequ5tly x 7 bett] t ! _w did n exi/--,! _w is some?+ :i* f a rational /&po9t x 7 bett] did n exi/1 because x occasions m pa9 ?an pleasure to ! feel+ subject--?is futile gossip n[ calls itself pessimism6 ,pleasure & pa9 are accompany+ factors1 n causes2 !y are second-rate valuations d]iv$ f a dom9at+ value1--!y are "o ) ! feel+ useful1 h>mful1 & !re=e !y are absolutely fugitive & relative4 ,= 9 reg>d to all utility & h>mfulness !re are a hundr$ diff]5t ways ( ask+ :at =8 ,i despise ?is pessimism ( s5sitiv5ess3 x is 9 itself a sign ( pr(\ndly impov]i%$ life4 #gjb4 ,man does n seek happ9ess & does n avoid unhapp9ess4 ,ev]ybody kn[s ! fam\s prejudices ,i "h contradict4 ,pleasure & pa9 are m]e results1 m]e accompany+ ph5om5a--t :i* e man1 :i* e t9y p>ticle ( a liv+ organism w h1 is an increase ( p[]4 ,9 /riv+ aft] ?is1 pleasure & pa9 are enc\nt]$2 x is ow+ to t w t ! organism seeks opposition & requires t :i* /&s 9 its way4444 ,pa9 z ! h9drance ( its w to p[] is !re=e a normal feature1 a natural +r$i5t ( e organic ph5om5on2 man does n avoid x1 on ! contr>y1 he is con/antly 9 ne$ ( x3 e triumph1 e feel+ ( pleasure1 e ev5t presupposes an ob/acle ov]come4 ,let u take ! simple/ case1 t ( primitive n\ri%m5t2 ! protoplasm ext5ds its pseudopodia 9 ord] to seek = t :i* resi/s x1--x does n d s out ( hung]1 b ow+ to its w to p[]4 ,!n x makes ! attempt to ov]come1 to appropriate1 & to incorporate t ) :i* x comes into contact--:at p call n\ri%m5t is m]ely a d]ivative1 a utilit>ian application1 ( ! primordial w to become /rong]4 ,pa9 is s f> f act+ z a dim9ution ( our feel+ ( p[]1 t x actually =ms 9 ! majority ( cases a spur to ?is feel+1--! ob/acle is ! /imulus ( ! w to p[]4 #gjc4 ,pa9 has be5 conf\nd$ ) "o ( its subdivisions1 :i* is exhau/ion3 ! latt] does inde$ repres5t a pr(\nd r$uction & l[]+ ( ! w to p[]1 a mat]ial loss ( /r5g?--t is to say1 !re is 7a7 pa9 z ! /imulus to an increase or p[]1 & 7b7 pa9 foll[+ ^u an exp5diture ( p[]2 9 ! fir/ case x is a spur1 9 ! second x is ! outcome ( excessive spurr+4444 ,! inability to resi/ is prop] to ! latt] =m ( pa93 ! provocation ( t :i* resi/s is prop] to ! =m]4444 ,! only happ9ess :i* is to be felt 9 ! /ate ( exhau/ion is t ( go+ to sleep2 9 ! o!r case1 happ9ess means triumph4444 ,! great confusion ( psy*ologi/s consi/$ 9 ! fact t !y did n keep ^! two k9ds ( happ9ess--t ( fall+ asleep1 & t ( triumph--suffici5tly ap>t4 ,exhau/$ p w h repose1 slack5$ limbs1 peace & quiet--& ^! ?+s con/itute ! bliss ( ,nihili/ic religions & philosophies1 ! weal?y 9 vital /r5g?1 ! active1 want triumph1 defeat$ oppon5ts1 & ! ext5sion ( _! feel+ ( p[] ov] ev] wid] regions4 ,e heal?y function ( ! organism has ?is ne$1--& ! :ole organism con/itutes an intricate complexity ( sy/ems /ruggl+ = ! increase ( ! feel+ ( p[]4444 #gjd4 ,h[ is x t ! fundam5tal article ( fai? 9 all psy*ologies is a piece ( mo/ outrage\s contortion & fabrication8 ,man /rives aft] happ9ess1 = in/ance--h[ mu* ( ?is is true8 ,9 ord] to und]/& :at life is1 & :at k9d ( /riv+ & t5s5ess life conta9s1 ! =mula %\ld hold good n only ( trees & plants1 b ( animals also4 ,:at does ! plant /rive aft]8--,b "h we h already inv5t$ a false entity :i* does n exi/1--conceal+ & d5y+ ! fact ( an inf9itely v>iegat$ gr[?1 ) individual & semi-individual />t+-po9ts1 if we give x ! clumsy title plant z if x 7 a unit4 ,x is v obvi\s t ! ultimate & smalle/ individuals _c be und]/ood 9 ! s5se ( metaphysical individuals or atoms2 _! sph]e ( p[] is cont9ually %ift+ its gr\nd3 b ) all ^! *anges1 c x be said t any ( !m /rives aft] happ9ess8--,all ?is exp&+1 ?is incorporation & gr[?1 is a se>* = resi/ance2 movem5t is ess5tially relat$ to /ates ( pa93 ! driv+ p[] "h mu/ repres5t "s o!r desire if x leads to su* cont9ual will+ & seek+ ( pa94--,to :at end d ! trees ( a virg9 =e/ cont5d ) ea* o!r8 ,= happ9ess8--,= p[]6 444 ,man is n[ ma/] ( ! =ces ( nature1 & ma/] too ( 8 own wild & unbridl$ feel+s 7! passions h foll[$ suit1 & h le>n$ to become useful7--9 comp>ison ) primeval man1 ! man ( to-day repres5ts an enorm\s quantum ( p[]1 b n an increase 9 happ9ess6 ,h[ c "o ma9ta91 !n1 t he has /riv5 aft] happ9ess844 #gje4 ,b :ile ,i say ?is ,i see above me1 & bel[ ! />s1 ! glitt]+ rat's-tail ( errors :i* hi!rto has repres5t$ ! greate/ inspiration ( man3 ,all happ9ess is ! result ( virtue all virtue is ! result ( free w6 ,let u transvalue ! values3 all capacity is ! outcome ( a happy organisation1 all fre$om is ! outcome ( capacity 7fre$om und]/ood "h z facility 9 self-direction4 ,e arti/ w und]/& me74 #gjf4 ,! value ( life4--,e life /&s by itself2 all exi/5ce mu/ be ju/ifi$1 & n only life1--! ju/ify+ pr9ciple mu/ be "o ?r\gh :i* life itself speaks4 ,life is only a means to some?+3 x is ! expression ( ! =ms ( gr[? 9 p[]4 #gjg4 ,! consci\s _w _c be a />t+-po9t = valu+3 an objective valuation is necess>y4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! enorm\s & complicat$ antagoni/ic processes :i* ! collective life ( e organism repres5ts1 its consci\s _w ( feel+s1 int5tions1 & valuations1 is only a small slice4 ,we h absolutely no "r to po/ulate ?is p>ticle ( consci\sness z ! object1 ! :]e=e1 ( ! collective ph5om5a ( life3 ! atta9m5t ( consci\sness is obvi\sly only an additional means to ! unfold+ ( life & to ! ext5sion ( its p[]4 ,t is :y x is a piece ( *ildi% simplicity to set up happ9ess1 or intellectuality1 or morality1 or any o!r individual sph]e ( consci\sness1 z ! highe/ value3 & maybe to ju/ify ! _w ) x4 ,?is is my fundam5tal objection to all philosophical & moral cosmologies & !ologies1 to all :]e=es & highe/ values t h appe>$ 9 philosophies & philosophic religions hi!rto4 ,a k9d ( means is misund]/ood z ! object itself3 conv]sely life & its gr[? ( p[] 7 debas$ to a means4 ,if we wi%$ to po/ulate an adequate object ( life x w\ld n necess>ily be relat$ 9 any way ) ! category ( consci\s life2 x w\ld require r to expla9 consci\s life z a m]e means to itself4444 ,! d5ial ( life reg>d$ z ! object ( life1 ! object ( evolution6 ,exi/5ce--a piece ( trem5d\s /upidity6 ,any su* mad int]pretation is only ! outcome ( life's be+ measur$ by ! factors ( consci\sness 7pleasure & pa91 good & evil74 ,"h ! means are made to /& aga9/ ! end--! unholy1 absurd1 &1 above all1 disagreeable means3 h[ c ! end be any use :5 x requires su* means8 ,b :]e ! fault lies is "h--in/ead ( look+ = ! end :i* w\ld expla9 ! necessity ( su* means1 we posit$ an end f ! />t :i* actually excludes su* means1 i4e4 we made a desid]atum 9 reg>d to c]ta9 means 7especially pleasurable1 rational1 & virtu\s7 into a rule1 & !n only did we decide :at end w\ld be desirable4444 ,:]e ! fundam5tal fault lies is 9 ! fact t1 in/ead ( reg>d+ consci\sness z an in/rum5t & an isolat$ ph5om5on ( life 9 g5]al1 we made x a /&>d1 ! highe/ value 9 life3 x is ! faulty /&po9t ( a p>te ad totum1--& t is :y all philosoph]s are in/9ctively seek+ at ! pres5t day = a collective consci\sness1 a ?+ t lives & wills consci\sly ) all t happ5s1 a ,_s1 a ,god4 ,b !y mu/ be told t x is precisely ?us t life is conv]t$ into a mon/]2 t a ,god & a g5]al s5sorium w\ld necess>ily be some?+ on ^: acc\nt ! :ole ( exi/5ce w\ld h to be condemn$4444 ,our greate/ relief came :5 we elim9at$ ! g5]al consci\sness :i* po/ulates ends & means--9 ?is way we ceas$ f be+ necess>ily pessimi/s4444 ,our greate/ indictm5t ( life 0 ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 #gjh4 ,conc]n+ ! value ( ,becom+4--,if ! movem5t ( ! _w really t5d$ to rea* a f9al /ate1 t /ate w\ld already h be5 rea*$4 ,! only fundam5tal fact1 h[ev]1 is t x does n t5d to rea* a f9al /ate3 & e philosophy & sci5tific hypo!sis 7e4g4 mat]ialism7 accord+ to :i* su* a f9al /ate is necess>y1 is refut$ by ?is fundam5tal fact4 ,i %\ld l to h a concept ( ! _w :i* does ju/ice to ?is fact4 ,becom+ ought to be expla9$ )\t hav+ rec\rse to su* f9al designs4 ,boom+ mu/ appe> ju/ifi$ at e in/ant 7or x mu/ defy all valuation3 :i* has unity z its end72 ! pres5t mu/ n "u any circum/ances be ju/ifi$ by a future1 nor mu/ ! pa/ be ju/ifi$ = ! sake ( ! pres5t4 ,necessity mu/ n be int]pret$ 9 ! =m ( a prevail+ & rul+ collective =ce or z a prime motor2 & /ill less z ! necess>y cause ( "s valuable result4 ,b to ?is end x is necess>y to d5y a collective consci\sness = ,becom+1--a ,god1 9 ord] t life may n be veil$ "u ! %ad[ ( a be+ :o feels & kn[s z we d & yet wills no?+3 ,god is useless if he wants no?+2 & if he d want some?+1 ?is presupposes a g5]al sum ( suff]+ & irrationality :i* l[]s ! g5]al value ( ,becom+4 ,=tunately any su* g5]al p[] is lack+ 7a suff]+ ,god ov]look+ ev]y?+1 a g5]al s5sorium & ubiquit\s ,_s1 w\ld be ! greate/ indictm5t ( exi/5ce74 ,/rictly speak+ no?+ ( ! nature ( ,be+ mu/ be all[$ to rema91--because 9 t case ,becom+ loses its value & gets to be %e] & sup]flu\s nons5se4 ,! next "q1 !n1 is3 h[ did ! illusion ,be+ orig9ate 7:y 0 x oblig$ to orig9ate72 ,likewise3 h[ 0 x t all valuations bas$ ^u ! hypo!sis t !re 0 su* a ?+ z ,be+ came to be depreciat$4 ,b 9 ?is way we h recognis$ t ?is hypo!sis conc]n+ ,be+ is ! s\rce ( all ! calumny t has be5 direct$ aga9/ ! _w 7! ,bett] _w1 ! ,true _w ! ,_w ,beyond1 ! ,?+-9-itself74 7#a7 ,becom+ has no f9al /ate1 x does n t5d t[>ds /ability4 7#b7 ,becom+ is n a /ate ( appe>ance1 ! _w ( ,be+ is probably only appe>ance4 7#c7 ,becom+ is ( precisely ! same value at e in/ant2 ! sum ( its value always rema9s equal3 express$ o!rwise1 x has no value2 = t accord+ to :i* x might be measur$1 & 9 reg>d to :i* ! ^w value might h "s s5se1 is entirely lack+4 ,! collective value ( ! _w defies valuation2 = ?is reason philosophical pessimism belongs to ! ord] ( f>ces4 #gji4 ,we %\ld n make our little desid]ata ! judges ( exi/5ce6 ,nei!r %\ld we make culm9at+ evolution>y =ms 7e4g4 m9d7 ! absolute :i* /&s beh9d evolution6 #gaj4 ,our k has become sci5tific to ! ext5t 9 :i* x has be5 able to make use ( numb] & measure4 ,x might be wor? :ile to try & see :e!r a sci5tific ord] ( values might n be con/ruct$ accord+ to a scale ( numb]s & measures repres5t+ en]gy4444 ,all o!r values are matt]s ( prejudice1 simplicity1 & misund]/&+4 ,!y may all be r$uc$ to t scale ( numb]s & measures repres5t+ en]gy4 ,! asc5t 9 ?is scale w\ld repres5t an increase ( value1 ! desc5t a dim9ution4 ,b "h appe>ance & prejudice are aga9/ "o 7moral values are only app>5t values comp>$ ) ^? :i* are physiological74 #gaa4 ,:y ! /&po9t ( value lapses3-- ,because 9 ! :ole process ( ! univ]se ! "w ( mank9d does n come "u consid]ation2 because a g5]al process 7view$ 9 ! light ( a sy/em7 does n exi/4 ,because !re is no su* ?+ z a :ole2 because no depreciation ( human exi/5ce or human aims c be made 9 reg>d to some?+ t does n exi/4 ,because necessity1 causality1 design1 are m]ely useful semblances4 ,because ! aim is n ! increase ( ! sph]e ( consci\sness1 b ! increase ( p[]2 9 :i* increase ! utility ( consci\sness is also conta9$2 & ! same holds good ( pleasure & pa94 ,because a m]e means mu/ n be elevat$ to ! highe/ crit]ion ( value 7su* z /ates ( consci\sness l pleasure & pa91 if consci\sness is 9 itself only a means74 ,because ! _w is n an organism at all1 b a ?+ ( *aos2 because ! developm5t ( intellectuality is only a means t5d+ relatively to ext5d ! duration ( an organisation4 ,because all desirability has no s5se 9 reg>d to ! g5]al "* ( exi/5ce4 #gab4 ,god is ! culm9at+ mom5t3 life is an et]nal process ( deify+ & undeify+4 ,b )al !re is no z5i? ( values1 b only a z5i? ( p[]4 ,absolute exclusion ( me*anical & mat]iali/ic int]pretations4 !y are bo? only expressions ( inf]ior /ates1 ( emotions depriv$ ( all _s 7( ! w to p[]74 ,! retrograde movem5t front ! z5i? ( developm5t 7! intellectualisation ( p[] on "s slave-infect$ soil7 may be %[n to be ! result ( ! highe/ degree ( en]gy turn+ aga9/ itself1 once x no long] has any?+ to organise1 & utilis+ its p[] 9 ord] to disorganise4 7a7 ,! ev]-increas+ suppression ( societies1 & ! latt]'s subjection by a small] numb] ( /rong] individuals4 7b7 ,! ev]-increas+ suppression ( ! privileg$ & ! /rong1 h5ce ! rise ( democracy1 & ultimately ( an>*y1 9 ! elem5ts4 #gac4 ,value is ! highe/ am\nt ( p[] t a man c assimilate--a man1 n mank9d6 ,mank9d is mu* m ( a means ?an an end4 ,x is a "q ( type3 mank9d is m]ely ! exp]im5tal mat]ial2 x is ! ov]fl[ ( ! ill-con/itut$--a field ( ru9s4 #gad4 ,words relat+ to values are m]ely bann]s plant$ on ^? spots :]e a new bless$ness 0 discov]$--a new feel+4 #gae4 ,! /&po9t ( value is ! same z t ( ! conditions ( pres]vation & enhancem5t1 9 reg>d to complex creatures ( relative /ability appe>+ 9 ! c\rse ( evolution4 ,!re are no su* ?+s z la/+ & ultimate entities1 no atoms1 no monads3 "h also p]man5ce 0 fir/ introduc$ by ourselves 7f practical1 utilit>ian1 & o!r motives74 ,! =ms t rule2 ! sph]e ( ! subjugat$ is cont9ually ext5d$2 or x decreases or increases accord+ to ! conditions 7n\ri%m5t7 be+ ei!r fav\rable or unfav\rable4 ,value is ess5tially ! /&po9t = ! increase or decrease ( ^! dom9at+ c5tres 7pluralities 9 any case2 = unity _c be obs]v$ any:]e 9 ! nature ( developm5t74 ,! means ( expression af=d$ by language are useless = ! purpose ( convey+ any facts conc]n+ developm5t3 ! ne$ ( posit+ a r\gh] _w ( /able exi/5ces & ?+s =ms "p ( our et]nal desire = pres]vation4 ,we may speak ( atoms & monads 9 a relative s5se3 & ?is is c]ta91 t ! smalle/ _w is ! mo/ /able _w 4444 ,!re is no su* ?+ z w3 !re are only punctuations ( w1 :i* are con/antly increas+ & decreas+ _! p[]4 ,,iii ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] ,,z ,,exemplifi$ ,,9 ,,society ,,& ,,! ,,individual4 #a4 ,society & ! ,/ate4 #gaf4 ,we take x z a pr9ciple t only individuals feel any responsibility4 ,corporations are inv5t$ to d :at ! individual has n ! c\rage to d4 ,= ?is reason all communities are va/ly m upright & in/ructive1 z reg>ds ! nature ( man1 ?an ! individual :o is too c[>dly to h ! c\rage ( 8 own desires4 ,all altruism is ! prud5ce ( ! private man4 societies are n mutually altrui/ic4 ,! comm&m5t1 ,?\ %alt love ?y next-door neighb\r1 has nev] be5 ext5d$ to ?y neighb\r 9 g5]al4 ,r :at ,manu says is probably tru]3 ,we mu/ conceive ( all ! ,/ates on our own fronti]1 & _! allies1 z be+ ho/ile1 & = ! same reason we mu/ consid] all ( _! neighb\rs z be+ fri5dly to u4 ,! /udy ( society is invaluable1 because man 9 society is f> m *ildlike ?an man individually4 ,society has nev] reg>d$ virtue z any?+ else ?an z a means to /r5g?1 p[]1 & ord]4 ,manu's words aga9 are simple & dignifi$3 ,virtue c\ld h>dly rely on h] own /r5g? alone4 ,really x is only ! fe> ( puni%m5t t keeps m5 9 _! limits1 & leaves e "o 9 peaceful possession ( 8 own4 #gag4 ,! ,/ate1 or unmorality organis$1 is f )9--! police1 ! p5al code1 /atus1 comm]ce1 & ! family2 & f )\t1 ! w to w>1 to p[]1 to conque/ & rev5ge4 ,a multitude w d ?+s an individual w n1 because ( ! division ( responsibility1 ( comm& & execution2 because ! virtues ( ob$i5ce1 duty1 patriotism1 & local s5tim5t are all introduc$2 because feel+s ( pride1 sev]ity1 /r5g?1 hate1 & rev5ge 9 %ort1 all typical traits are upheld1 & ^! are *>act]i/ics utt]ly ali5 to ! h]d-man4 #gah4 ,y hav5't1 any ( y1 ! c\rage ei!r to kill or to flog a man4 ,b ! huge ma*9]y ( ! ,/ate quells ! individual & makes him decl9e to be answ]able = 8 own de$ 7ob$i5ce1 loyalty1 etc474 ,ev]y?+ t a man does 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,/ate is aga9/ 8 own nature4 ,simil>ly1 ev]y?+ he le>ns 9 view ( future s]vice ( ! ,/ate4 ,?is result is obta9$ ?r\gh division ( lab\r 7s t responsibility is subdivid$ too73-- ,! legislator--& he :o fulfils ! law4 ,! tea*] ( discipl9e--& ^? :o h gr[n h>d & sev]e "u discipl9e4 #gai4 ,a division ( lab\r among ! emotions exi/s inside society1 mak+ individuals & classes produce an imp]fect1 b m useful1 k9d ( s\l4 ,obs]ve h[ e type 9 society has become atrophi$ ) reg>d to c]ta9 emotions ) ! view ( fo/]+ & acc5tuat+ o!r emotions4 ,morality may be ?us ju/ifi$3-- ,economically1--z aim+ at ! greate/ possible use ( all individual p[]1 ) ! view ( prev5t+ ! wa/e ( exceptional natures4 /hetically1--z ! =mation ( fix$ types1 & ! pleasure 9 "o's own4 ,politically1--z ! art ( be>+ ) ! sev]e div]g5cies ( ! degrees ( p[] 9 society4 ,psy*ologically1 z an imag9>y pref]5ce = ! bungl$ & ! m$iocre1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! weak4 #gbj4 ,man has "o t]rible & fundam5tal wi%2 he desires p[]1 & ?is impulse1 :i* is call$ fre$om1 mu/ be ! longe/ re/ra9$4 ,h5ce e?ics has in/9ctively aim$ at su* an education z %all re/ra9 ! desire = p[]2 ?us our morality sl&]s ! w\ld-be tyrant1 & glorifies *>ity1 patriotism1 & ! ambition ( ! h]d4 #gba4 ,impot5ce to p[]1 h[ x disguises itself & plays ! hypocrite1 z ob$i5ce1 subord9ation1 ! pride ( duty & morality1 submission1 devotion1 love 7! idolisation & apo!osis ( ! comm&] is a k9d ( comp5sation1 & indirect self-enhancem5t74 ,x veils itself fur!r "u fatalism & resignation1 objectivity1 self-tyranny1 /oicism1 asceticism1 self-abnegation1 hall[+4 ,o!r disguises are3 criticism1 pessimism1 indignation1 susceptibility1 beautiful s\l1 virtue1 self--deification1 philosophic deta*m5t1 fre$om f contact ) ! _w 7! realisation ( impot5ce disguises itself z disda974 ,!re is a univ]sal ne$ to ex]cise "s k9d ( p[]1 or to create = "o's self ! appe>ance ( "s p[]1 if only tempor>ily1 9 ! =m ( intoxication4 ,!re are m5 :o desire p[] simply = ! sake ( ! happ9ess x w br+2 ^! belong *iefly to political p>ties4 ,o!r m5 h ! same ye>n+1 ev5 :5 p[] means visible disadvantages1 ! sacrifice ( _! happ9ess1 & well-be+2 !y are ! ambiti\s4 ,o!r m51 aga91 are only l dogs 9 a mang]1 & w h p[] only to prev5t its fall+ into ! h&s ( o!rs on :om !y w\ld !n be dep5d5t4 #gbb4 ,if !re be ju/ice & equality be=e ! law1 :at w\ld !reby be aboli%$8--,susp5se1 enmity1 hatr$4 ,b x is a mi/ake to ?9k t y !reby increase happ9ess2 = ! ,corsicans rejoice 9 m happ9ess ?an ! ,cont95tals4 #gbc4 ,reciprocity & ! expectation ( a rew>d is "o ( ! mo/ s$uctive =ms ( ! devaluation ( mank9d4 ,x involves t equality :i* depreciates any gulf z immoral4 #gbd4 ,utility is entirely dep5d5t ^u ! object to be atta9$1--! :]e=e8 ,& ?is :]e=e1 ?is purpose1 is aga9 dep5d5t ^u ! degree ( p[]4 ,utilit>ianism is n1 !re=e1 a fundam5tal doctr9e2 x is only a /ory ( sequels1 & _c be made obligatory = all4 #gbe4 ,( old1 ! ,/ate 0 reg>d$ !oretically z a utilit>ian in/itution2 x has n[ become s 9 a practical s5se4 ,! "t ( k+s has gone by1 because p are no long] wor?y ( !m4 ,!y d n wi% to see ! symbol ( _! ideal 9 a k+1 b only a means to _! own ends4 ,t's ! :ole tru?4 #gbf4 ,i am try+ to grasp ! absolute s5se ( ! communal /&>d ( judgm5t & valuation1 naturally )\t any int5tion ( d$uc+ morals4 ,! degree ( psy*ological falsity & d5s5ess requir$ 9 ord] to sanctify ! emotions ess5tial to pres]vation & expansion ( p[]1 & to create a good consci5ce = !m4 ,! degree ( /upidity requir$ 9 ord] t g5]al rules & values may rema9 possible 7includ+ education1 =mation ( culture1 & tra9+74 ,! degree ( inquisitiv5ess1 suspicion1 & intol]ance requir$ 9 ord] to deal ) exceptions1 to suppress !m z crim9als1 & ?us to give !m bad consci5ces1 & to make !m sick ) _! own s+ul>ity4 #gbg4 ,morality is ess5tially a %ield1 a means ( def5ce2 &1 9 s f>1 x is a sign ( ! imp]fectly develop$ man 7he is /ill 9 arm\r2 he is /ill /oical74 ,! fully develop$ man is above all provid$ ) weapons3 he is a man :o attacks4 ,! weapons ( w> are conv]t$ into weapons ( peace 7out ( scales & c>apaces gr[ fea!rs & hair74 #gbh4 ,! v notion1 liv+ organism1 implies t !re mu/ be gr[?1--t !re mu/ be a /riv+ aft] an ext5sion ( p[]1 & !re=e a process ( absorption ( o!r =ces4 ,"u ! dr[s9ess br\ght on by moral n>cotics1 p speak ( ! "r ( ! individual to def5d himself2 on ! same pr9ciple "o might speak ( 8 "r to attack3 = bo?--& ! latt] m ?an ! =m]--are necessities :]e all liv+ organisms are conc]n$3 aggressive & def5sive egoism are n que/ions ( *oice or ev5 ( free w1 b !y are fatalities ( life itself4 ,9 ?is respect x is immat]ial :e!r "o h an individual1 a liv+ body1 or an advanc+ society 9 view4 ,! "r to puni% 7or society's means ( def5ce7 has be5 arriv$ at only ?r\gh a misuse ( ! ^w "r3 a "r is acquir$ only by contract1 b self-def5ce & self-pres]vation d n /& ^u ! basis ( a contract4 ,a p ought at lea/1 ) q z mu* ju/ification1 to be able to reg>d its lu/ ( p[]1 ei!r 9 arms1 comm]ce1 trade1 or colonisation1 z a "r ! "r ( gr[?1 p]haps4444 ,:5 ! in/9cts ( a society ultimately make x give up w> & r5\nce conque/1 x is decad5t3 x is ripe = democracy & ! rule ( %opkeep]s4 ,9 ! majority ( cases1 x is true1 assurances ( peace are m]ely /upefy+ draughts4 #gbi4 ,! ma9t5ance ( ! milit>y ,/ate is ! la/ means ( adh]+ to ! great tradition ( ! pa/2 or1 :]e x has be5 lo/1 to revive x4 ,by means ( x ! sup]ior or /rong type ( man is pres]v$1 & all in/itutions & ideas :i* p]petuate enmity & ord] ( rank 9 ,/ates1 su* z national feel+1 protective t>iffs1 etc41 may on t acc\nt seem ju/ifi$4 #gcj4 ,9 ord] t a ?+ may la/ long] ?an a p]son 7t is to say1 9 ord] t a "w may outlive ! individual :o has creat$ x71 all mann] ( limitations & prejudices mu/ be impos$ ^u p4 ,b h[8 ,by means ( love1 rev]5ce1 gratitude t[>ds ! p]son :o creat$ ! "w1 or by means ( ! ?\ght t our ance/ors f\ght = x1 or by virtue ( ! feel+ t ! safety ( our desc5dants w be secur$ if we uphold ! "w--= in/ance1 ! polis4 ,morality is ess5tially ! means (2 mak+ some?+ survive ! individual1 because x makes him ( necessity a slave4 ,obvi\sly ! aspect f above is diff]5t f ! aspect f bel[1 & w lead to q diff]5t int]pretations4 ,h[ is organis$ p[] ma9ta9$8--,by ! fact t c\ntless g5]ations sacrifice !mselves to its cause4 #gca4 ,m>riage1 prop]ty1 spee*1 tradition1 race1 family1 p1 & ,/ate1 are ea* l9ks 9 a *a9--sep>ate p>ts :i* h a m or less high or l[ orig94 ,economically !y are ju/ifi$ by ! surplus d]iv$ f ! advantages ( un9t]rupt$ "w & multiple production1 z weigh$ aga9/ ! disadvantages ( great] exp5se 9 b>t] & ! difficulty ( mak+ ?+s la/4 7,! work+ p>ts are multipli$1 & yet rema9 l>gely idle4 ,h5ce ! co/ ( produc+ !m is great]1 & ! co/ ( ma9ta9+ !m by no means inconsid]able47 ,! advantage consi/s 9 avoid+ int]ruption & incid5t loss4 ,no?+ is m exp5sive ?an a />t4 ,! high] ! /&>d ( liv+1 ! great] w be ! exp5se ( ma9t5ance1 n\ri%m5t1 & propagation1 z also ! risk & ! probability ( an utt] fall on rea*+ ! summit4 #gcb4 ,9 b\rgeois m>riages1 naturally 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w m>riage1 !re is no "q :atsoev] ( love any m ?an !re is ( money4 ,= on love no in/itution c be f\nd$4 ,! :ole matt] consi/s 9 society giv+ leave to two p]sons to satisfy _! sexual desires "u conditions obvi\sly design$ to safegu>d social ord]4 ,( c\rse !re mu/ be a c]ta9 attraction betwe5 ! p>ties & a va/ am\nt ( good nature1 pati5ce1 compatibility1 & *>ity 9 any su* contract4 ,b ! ^w love %\ld n be misus$ z reg>ds su* a union4 ,= two lov]s1 9 ! real & /rong mean+ ( ! ^w1 ! satisfaction ( sexual desire is uness5tial2 x is a m]e symbol4 ,= ! "o side1 z ,i h already said1 x is a symbol ( unqualifi$ submission3 = ! o!r1 a sign ( condesc5sion--a sign ( ! appropriation ( prop]ty4 ,m>riage1 z und]/ood by ! real old nobility1 meant ! bre$+ =? ( ! race 7b are !re any nobles n[adays8 ,qua]itur71--t is to say1 ! ma9t5ance ( a fix$ def9ite type ( rul]1 = :i* object husb& & wife 7 sacrific$4 ,naturally ! fir/ consid]ation "h _h no?+ to d ) love2 on ! contr>y6 ,x did n ev5 presuppose t mutual sympa?y :i* is ! s9e qua non ( ! b\rgeois m>riage4 ,! prime consid]ation 0 ! int]e/ ( ! race1 & 9 ! second place came ! int]e/ ( a p>ticul> class4 ,b 9 ! face ( ! coldness & rig\r & calculat+ lucidity ( su* a noble concept ( m>riage z prevail$ among e heal?y ari/ocracy1 l t ( anci5t ,a!ns1 & ev5 ( ,europe dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 we w>m-blood$ animals1 ) our mis]ably ov]s5sitive he>ts1 we mod]ns1 _c re/ra9 a slight %udd]4 ,t is :y love z a passion1 9 ! big mean+ ( ?is ^w1 0 inv5t$ =1 & 91 an ari/ocratic community--:]e conv5tion & ab/95ce are mo/ sev]e4 #gcc4 ,conc]n+ ! future ( m>riage4 ,a sup]-tax on inh]it$ prop]ty1 a long] t]m ( milit>y s]vice = ba*elors ( a c]ta9 m9imum age )9 ! community4 ,privileges ( all sorts = fa!rs :o lavi% boys ^u ! _w1 & p]haps plural votes z well4 ,a m$ical c]tificate z a condition ( any m>riage1 endors$ by ! p>o*ial au?orities1 9 :i* a s]ies ( que/ions address$ to ! p>ties & ! m$ical (fic]s mu/ be answ]$ 7family hi/ories74 ,z a c\nt]-ag5t to pro/itution1 or z its ennoblem5t1 ,i w\ld recomm5d leasehold m>riages 7to la/ = a t]m ( ye>s or mon?s71 ) adequate provision = ! *ildr54 ,e m>riage to be w>rant$ & sanction$ by a c]ta9 numb] ( good m5 & true1 ( ! p>i%1 z a p>o*ial obligation4 #gcd4 ,ano!r comm&m5t ( philan?ropy4--,!re are cases :]e to h a *ild w\ld be a crime--= example1 = *ronic invalids & extreme neura/h5ics4 ,^! p %\ld be conv]t$ to *a/ity1 & = ?is purpose ! music ( ,p>sifal might at all ev5ts be tri$4 ,= ,p>sifal himself1 t born fool1 _h ample reasons = n desir+ to propagate4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! regul> symptoms ( exhau/$ /ock is ! inability to ex]cise any self-re/ra9t 9 ! pres5ce ( /imuli1 & ! t5d5cy to respond to ! smalle/ sexual attraction4 ,x w\ld be q a mi/ake1 = in/ance1 to ?9k ( ,leop>di z a *a/e man4 ,9 su* cases ! prie/ & morali/ play a hopeless game3 x w\ld be f> bett] to s5d = ! apo!c>y4 ,la/ly1 society "h has a positive duty to fulfil1 & ( all ! dem&s t are made on x1 !re are few m urg5t & necess>y ?an ?is "o4 ,society z ! tru/ee ( life1 is responsible to life = e bot*$ life t comes into exi/5ce1 & z x has to atone = su* lives1 x ought consequ5tly to make x impossible = !m ev] to see ! light ( day3 x %\ld 9 _m cases actually prev5t ! act ( procreation1 & may1 )\t any reg>d = rank1 desc5t1 or intellect1 hold 9 read9ess ! mo/ rigor\s =ms ( compulsion & re/riction1 &1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 h rec\rse to ca/ration4 ,! ,mosaic law1 ,?\ %alt d no murd]1 is a piece ( +5u\s pu]ility comp>$ ) ! e>ne/ness ( ?is =bidd+ ( life to decad5ts1 ,?\ %alt n beget666 444 ,= life itself recognises no solid>ity or equality ( rights betwe5 ! heal?y & unheal?y p>ts ( an organism4 ,! latt] mu/ at all co/ be elim9at$1 le/ ! :ole fall to pieces4 ,compassion = decad5ts1 equal rights = ! physiologically bot*$--?is w\ld be ! v p9nacle ( immorality1 x w\ld be sett+ up ,nature's mo/ =midable oppon5t z morality itself6 #gce4 ,!re are "s delicate & morbid natures1 ! s-call$ ideali/s1 :o c nev] "u any circum/ances rise above a co>se1 immature crime3 yet x is ! great ju/ification ( _! anmic little exi/5ce1 x is ! small requital = _! lives ( c[>dice & falsehood to h be5 = "o in/ant at lea/--/rong4 ,b !y g5]ally collapse aft] su* an act4 #gcf4 ,9 our civilis$ _w we seldom he> ( any b ! bloodless1 trembl+ crim9al1 ov]:elm$ by ! curse & contempt ( society1 d\bt+ ev5 himself1 & always belittl+ & bely+ 8 de$s--a misbegott5 sort ( crim9al2 t is :y we are oppos$ to ! idea t all great m5 h be5 crim9als 7only 9 ! gr& /yle1 & nei!r petty nor pitiful71 t crime mu/ be inh]5t 9 greatness 7?is at any rate is ! unanim\s v]dict ( all ^? /ud5ts ( human nature :o h s\nd$ ! deepe/ wat]s ( great s\ls74 ,to feel "o's self adrift f all que/ions ( ance/ry1 consci5ce1 & duty--?is is ! dang] ) :i* e great man is confront$4 ,yet ?is is precisely :at he desires3 he desires ! great goal1 & consequ5tly ! means !reto4 #gcg4 ,9 times :5 man is l$ by rew>d & puni%m5t1 ! class ( man :i* ! legislator has 9 view is /ill ( a l[ & primitive type3 he is treat$ z "o treats a *ild4 ,9 our latt]-day culture1 g5]al deg5]acy removes all s5se f rew>d & puni%m5t4 ,?is det]m9ation ( action by ! prospect ( rew>d & puni%m5t presupposes "y1 /rong1 & vigor\s races4 ,9 effete races impulses are s irrepressible t a m]e idea has no =ce :atev]4 ,inability to (f] any resi/ance to a /imulus1 & ! feel+ t "o mu/ react to x3 ?is excessive susceptibility ( decad5ts makes all su* sy/ems ( puni%m5t & re=m altoge!r s5seless4 ,! idea amelioration presupposes a normal & /rong creature ^: action mu/ 9 "s way be balanc$ or cancell$ if he is n to be lo/ & turn$ into an enemy ( ! community4 #gch4 ,! effect ( prohibition4 ,e p[] :i* =bids & :i* kn[s h[ to excite fe> 9 ! p]son =bidd5 creates a guilty consci5ce4 7,t is to say1 a p]son has a c]ta9 desire b is consci\s ( ! dang] ( gratify+ x1 & is consequ5tly =c$ to be secretive1 und]h&1 & cauti\s47 ,?us any prohibition det]iorates ! "* ( ^? :o d n will+ly submit !mselves to x1 b are con/ra9$ !reto4 #gci4 ,puni%m5t & rew>d4--,^! two ?+s /& or fall toge!r4 ,n[adays no "o w accept a rew>d or ackn[l$ge t any au?ority %\ld h ! p[] to puni%4 ,w>f>e has be5 re=m$4 ,we h a desire3 x meets ) opposition3 we !n see t we %all mo/ easily obta9 x by com+ to "s agreem5t--by draw+ up a contract4 ,9 mod]n society :]e e "o has giv5 8 ass5t to a c]ta9 contract1 ! crim9al is a man :o breaks t contract4 ,?is at lea/ is a cle> concept4 ,b 9 t case1 an>*i/s & enemies ( social ord] c\ld n be tol]at$4 #gdj4 ,crimes belong to ! category ( revolt aga9/ ! social sy/em1 ,a rebel is n puni%$1 he is simply suppress$4 ,he may be an utt]ly contemptible & pitiful creature2 b !re is no?+ intr9sically despicable ab\t rebellion 9 fact1 9 our p>ticul> society revolt is f> f be+ disgraceful4 ,!re are cases 9 :i* a rebel des]ves hon\r precisely because he is consci\s ( c]ta9 elem5ts 9 society :i* cry al\d = ho/ility2 = su* a man r\ses u f our slumb]s4 ,:5 a crim9al commits b "o crime aga9/ a p>ticul> p]son1 x does n alt] ! fact t all 8 in/9cts urge him to make a /& aga9/ ! :ole social sy/em4 ,8 isolat$ act is m]ely a symptom4 ,! idea ( puni%m5t ought to be r$uc$ to ! concept ( ! suppression ( revolt1 a weapon aga9/ ! vanqui%$ 7by means ( long or %ort t]ms ( imprisonm5t74 ,b puni%m5t %\ld n be associat$ 9 any way ) contempt4 ,a crim9al is at all ev5ts a man :o has set 8 life1 8 hon\r1 8 fre$om at /ake2 he is !re=e a man ( c\rage4 ,nei!r %\ld puni%m5t be reg>d$ z p5ance or retribution1 z ?\gh !re 7 "s recognis$ rate ( ex*ange betwe5 crime & puni%m5t4 ,puni%m5t does n purify1 simply because crime does n sully4 ,a crim9al %\ld n be prev5t$ f mak+ 8 peace ) society1 provid$ he does n belong to ! race ( crim9als4 ,9 ! latt] case1 h[ev]1 he %\ld be oppos$ ev5 be=e he has committ$ an act ( ho/ility4 7,z soon z he gets into ! clut*es ( society ! fir/ op]ation to be p]=m$ ^u him %\ld be t ( ca/ration47 ,a crim9al's bad mann]s & 8 l[ degree ( intellig5ce %\ld n be reckon$ aga9/ him4 ,no?+ is m common ?an t he %\ld misund]/& himself 7m p>ticul>ly :5 8 rebelli\s in/9ct--! ranc\r ( ! unclass$--has n rea*$ consci\sness simply because he has n read en\gh74 ,x is natural t he %\ld d5y & di%on\r 8 de$ :ile "u ! influ5ce ( fe> at its failure4 ,all ?is is q di/9ct f ^? cases 9 :i*1 psy*ologically speak+1 ! crim9al yields to an incompreh5sible impulse1 & attributes a motive to 8 de$ by associat+ x ) a m]ely incid5tal & insignificant action 7= example1 robb+ a man1 :5 8 real desire 0 to take 8 blood74 ,! wor? ( a man %\ld n be measur$ by any "o isolat$ act4 ,napoleon w>n$ u aga9/ ?is4 ,de$s :i* are only sk9-deep are m p>ticul>ly insignificant4 ,if we h no crime--let u say no murd]--on our consci5ce2 :y is x8 ,x simply means t a few fav\rable circum/ances h be5 want+ 9 our lives4 ,& suppos+ we 7 induc$ to commit su* a crime w\ld our wor? be mat]ially affect$8 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we %\ld only be despis$1 if we 7 n cr$it$ ) possess+ ! p[] to kill a man "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,9 ne>ly e crime c]ta9 qualities come into play )\t :i* no "o w\ld be a true man4 ,do/oievsky 0 n f> wrong :5 he said ( ! inmates ( ! p5al colonies 9 ,sib]ia1 t !y con/itut$ ! /ronge/ & mo/ valuable portion ( ! ,russian p4 ,! fact t 9 our society ! crim9al happ5s to be a badly n\ri%$ & /unt$ animal is simply a condemnation ( our sy/em4 ,9 ! days ( ! ,r5aissance ! crim9al 0 a fl\ri%+ specim5 ( humanity1 & acquir$ 8 own virtue = himself1--,virtue 9 ! s5se ( ! ,r5aissance--t is to say1 virt2 free f moralic acid4 ,x is only ^? :om we d n despise t we are able to elevate4 ,moral contempt is a f> great] indignity & insult ?an any k9d ( crime4 #gda4 ,%ame 0 fir/ introduc$ into puni%m5t :5 c]ta9 p5alties 7 inflict$ on p]sons held 9 contempt1 su* z slaves4 ,x 0 a despis$ class t 0 mo/ frequ5tly puni%$1 & ?us x came to pass t puni%m5t & contempt 7 associat$4 #gdb4 ,9 ! anci5t idea ( puni%m5t a religi\s concept 0 imman5t1 namely1 ! retributive p[] ( *a/isem5t4 ,p5alties purifi$2 9 mod]n society1 h[ev]1 p5alties degrade4 ,puni%m5t is a =m ( pay+ (f a debt3 once x has be5 paid1 "o is fre$ f ! de$ = :i* "o 0 s ready to suff]4 ,provid$ belief 9 ! p[] ( puni%m5t exi/1 once ! p5alty is paid a feel+ ( relief & ligh!>t$ness results1 :i* is n s v f> remov$ f a /ate ( convalesc5ce & heal?4 ,"o has made "o's peace ) society1 & "o appe>s to "o's self m dignifi$ pure4444 ,to-day1 h[ev]1 puni%m5t isolates ev5 m ?an ! crime2 ! fate beh9d ! s9 has become s =midable t x is almo/ hopeless4 ,"o rises f puni%m5t /ill an enemy ( society4 ,h5ce=w>d x reckons yet ano!r enemy aga9/ x4 ,! jus talionis may spr+ f ! _s ( retribution 7t is to say1 f a sort ( modification ( ! in/9ct ( rev5ge72 b 9 ! ,book ( ,manu1 = in/ance1 x is ! ne$ ( hav+ "s equival5t 9 ord] to d p5ance1 or to become free 9 a religi\s s5se4 #gdc4 ,my pretty radical note ( int]rogation 9 ! case ( all m mod]n laws ( puni%m5t is ?is3 %\ld n ! puni%m5t fit ! crime8--= 9 y\r he>t ( he>ts ?us w\ld y h x4 ,b !n ! susceptibility ( ! p>ticul> crim9al to pa9 w\ld h to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,9 o!r words1 !re %\ld be no su* ?+ z a preconceiv$ p5alty = any crime--no fix$ p5al code4 ,b z x w\ld be no easy matt] to asc]ta9 ! degree ( s5sitiv5ess ( ea* individual crim9al1 puni%m5t w\ld h to be aboli%$ 9 practice8 ,:at a sacrifice6 ,is x n8 ,consequ5tly 444 #gdd4 ,ah6 & ! philosophy ( jurisprud5ce6 ,t is a sci5ce :i*1 l all moral sci5ces1 has n ev5 be5 wrapp$ 9 swaddl+-clo!s yet4 ,ev5 among juri/s :o consid] !mselves lib]al1 ! olde/ & mo/ valuable significance ( puni%m5t is /ill misund]/ood--x is n ev5 kn[n4 ,s long z jurisprud5ce does n build ^u a new f\ndation--on hi/ory & comp>ative an?ropology--x w nev] cease to qu>rel ov] ! fundam5tally false ab/ractions :i* are fondly imag9$ to be ! philosophy ( law1 & :i* h no?+ :atev] to d ) mod]n man4 ,! man ( to-day1 h[ev]1 is su* a complicat$ wo( ev5 9 reg>d to 8 legal valuation t he all[s ( ! mo/ v>i$ int]pretation4 #gde4 ,an old ,*9ese sage once said he _h he>d t :5 mighty empires 7 doom$ !y began to h numb]less laws4 #gdf4 ,s*op5hau] w\ld h all rapscallions ca/rat$1 & all geese %ut up 9 conv5ts4 ,b f :at po9t ( view w\ld ?is be desirable8 ,! rascal has at lea/ ?is advantage ov] o!r m5--t he is n m$iocre2 & ! fool is sup]ior to u inasmu* z he does n suff] at ! sight ( m$iocrity4 ,x w\ld be bett] to wid5 ! gulf--t is to say1 rogu]y & /upidity %\ld be increas$4 ,9 ?is way human nature w\ld become broad] 444 b1 aft] all1 ?is is ,fate1 & x w happ51 :e!r we desire x or n4 ,idiocy & rogu]y are increas+3 ?is is "p ( mod]n progress4 #gdg4 ,society1 to-day1 is full ( consid]ation1 tact1 & retic5ce1 & ( good-natur$ respect = o!r p's rights--ev5 = ! exactions ( /rang]s4 ,to an ev5 great] degree is !re a c]ta9 *>itable & in/9ctive depreciation ( ! wor? ( man z %[n by all mann] ( tru/ful habits4 ,respect = m51 & n only = ! mo/ virtu\s1 is p]haps ! real p>t+ ( ! ways betwe5 u & ! ,*ri/ian my?ologi/s also h our good %>e ( irony ev5 :5 li/5+ to moral s]mons4 ,he :o prea*es morality to u debases himself 9 our eyes & becomes almo/ comical4 ,lib]al-m9d$ness reg>d+ morality is "o ( ! be/ signs ( our age4 ,9 cases :]e x is mo/ di/9ctly want+1 we reg>d x z a sign ( a morbid condition 7! case ( ,c>lyle 9 ,engl&1 ( ,ibs5 9 ,norway1 & ,s*op5hau]'s pessimism ?r\gh\t ,europe74 ,if !re is any?+ :i* c reconcile u to our own age1 x is precisely ! am\nt ( immorality :i* x all[s itself )\t fall+ 9 its own e/imation--v mu* ! rev]se6 ,9 :at1 !n1 does ! sup]iority ( culture ov] ! want ( culture consi/--( ! ,r5aissance1 = in/ance1 ov] ! ,middle ,ages8 ,9 ?is alone3 ! great] quantity ( ackn[l$g$ immorality4 ,f ?is x necess>ily foll[s t ! v z5i? ( human developm5t mu/ be reg>d$ by ! moral fanatic z ! non plus ultra ( corruption 79 ?is connection let u recall ,savon>ola's judgm5t ( ,flor5ce1 ,plato's indictm5t ( ,a!ns "u ,p]icles1 ,lu!r's condemnation ( ,rome1 ,r\sseau's ana!mas aga9/ ! society ( ,voltaire1 & ,g]many's ho/ility to ,goe!74 ,a little m fre% air1 = ,heav5's sake6 ,?is ridicul\s condition ( ,europe mu/ n la/ any long]4 ,is !re a s+le idea beh9d ?is bov9e nationalism8 ,:at possible value c !re be 9 enc\rag+ ?is arrogant self-conceit :5 ev]y?+ to-day po9ts to great] & m common int]e/s8--at a mom5t :5 ! spiritual dep5d5ce & d5ationalisation1 :i* are obvi\s to all1 are pav+ ! way = ! reciprocal rappro*em5ts & f]tilisations :i* make up ! real value & s5se ( pres5t-day culture6 444 ,& x is precisely n[ t ! new ,g]man ,empire has be5 f\nd$ ^u ! mo/ ?read-b>e & discr$it$ ( ideas--univ]sal suffrage & equal "r = all4 ,?9k ( all ?is /ruggl+ = advantage among conditions :i* are 9 e way deg5]ate3 ( ?is culture ( big cities1 ( newspap]s1 ( hurry & scurry1 & ( aimlessness6 ,! economic unity ( ,europe mu/ necess>ily come--& ) x1 z a reaction1 ! pacivi/ movem5t4 ,a pacivi/ p>ty1 free f all s5tim5tality1 :i* =bids its *ildr5 to wage w>2 :i* =bids rec\rse to c\rts ( ju/ice2 :i* =swe>s all fight+1 all contradiction1 & all p]secution3 = a :ile ! p>ty ( ! oppress$1 & lat] ! p[]ful p>ty3--?is p>ty w\ld be oppos$ to ev]y?+ 9 ! %ape ( rev5ge & res5tm5t4 ,!re w also be a w> p>ty1 ex]cis+ ! same ?or\ghness & sev]ity t[>ds itself1 :i* w proce$ 9 precisely ! opposite direction4 #gdi4 ,! pr9ces ( ,europe %\ld really consid] :e!r z a matt] ( fact !y c disp5se ) our s]vices--) u1 ! immorali/s4 ,we are to-day ! only p[] :i* c w9 a victory )\t allies3 & we are !re=e f> & away ! /ronge/ ( ! /rong4 ,we c ev5 d )\t ly+1 & let me ask :at o!r p[] c disp5se ) ?is weapon8 ,a /rong temptation fights = u2 ! /ronge/1 p]haps1 t exi/s--! temptation ( tru?4444 ,tru?8 ,h[ d ,i come by ?is ^w8 ,i mu/ )draw x3 ,i mu/ repudiate ?is pr\d ^w4 ,b no4 ,we d n ev5 want x--we %all be q able to a*ieve our victory ( p[] )\t its help4 ,! real *>m :i* fights = u1 ! eye ( ,v5us :i* our oppon5ts !mselves dead5 & bl9d--?is *>m is ! magic ( ! extreme4 ,! fasc9ation :i* ev]y?+ extreme ex]cises3 we immorali/s--we are 9 e way ! extremi/s4 #gej4 ,! corrupt$ rul+ classes h br\ght rul+ into evil od\r4 ,! ,/ate adm9i/ration ( ju/ice is a piece ( c[>dice1 because ! great man :o c s]ve z a /&>d is lack+4 ,at la/ ! feel+ ( insecurity becomes s great t m5 fall 9 ! du/ be=e any sort ( w-p[] t comm&s4 #gea4 ,! w to p[] is s loa!d 9 democratic ages t ! :ole ( ! psy*ology ( ^! ages seems direct$ t[>ds its belittlem5t & sl&]4 ,! types ( m5 :o s\ght ! highe/ hon\rs are said to h be5 ,napoleon6 ,cs>6 & ,alex&]6--z if ^! _h n be5 precisely ! greate/ scorn]s ( hon\r4 ,& ,helvetius w\ld fa9 %[ u t we /rive aft] p[] 9 ord] to h ^? pleasures :i* are at ! disposal ( ! mighty--t is to say1 accord+ to him1 ?is /riv+ aft] p[] is ! w to pleasure--h$onism6 #geb4 ,accord+ z to :e!r a p feels3 ! rights1 ! ke5ness ( vision1 & ! gifts ( lead+1 etc41 are ) ! few or ) ! _m--x con/itutes ,en olig>*ic or a democratic community4 ,mon>*y repres5ts ! belief 9 a man :o is completely sup]ior a lead]1 a savi\r1 a demigod4 ,ari/ocracy repres5ts ! belief 9 a *os5 few--9 a high] ca/e4 ,democracy repres5ts ! disbelief 9 all great m5 & 9 all elite societies3 ev]ybody is ev]ybody else's equal1 ,at bottom we are all h]d & mob4 #gec4 ,i am oppos$ to ,socialism because x dreams +5u\sly ( goodness1 tru?1 beauty1 & equal rights 7an>*y pursues ! same ideal1 b 9 a m brutal fa%ion74 ,i am oppos$ to p>liam5t>y gov]nm5t & ! p[] ( ! press1 because !y are ! means :]eby cattle become ma/]s4 #ged4 ,! arm+ ( ! p means 9 ! end ! arm+ ( ! mob4 #gee4 ,sociali/s are p>ticul>ly ridicul\s 9 my eyes1 because ( _! absurd optimism conc]n+ ! good man :o is suppos$ to be wait+ 9 _! cupbo>d1 & :o w come into be+ :5 ! pres5t ord] ( society has be5 ov]turn$ & has made way = natural in/9cts4 ,b ! oppos+ p>ty is q z ludicr\s1 because x w n see ! act ( viol5ce :i* lies b5ea? e law1 ! sev]ity & egoism inh]5t 9 e k9d ( au?ority4 ,i & my k9d w rule & prevail4 ,:oev] deg5]ates w be ei!r expell$ or annihilat$4--,?is 0 ! fundam5tal feel+ ( all anci5t legislation4 ,! idea ( a high] ord] ( man is hat$ mu* m pr(\ndly ?an mon>*s !mselves4 ,hatr$ ( ari/ocracy always uses hatr$ ( mon>*y z a mask4 #gef4 ,h[ trea*]\s are all p>ties6 ,!y br+ to light some?+ conc]n+ _! lead]s :i* ! latt]1 p]haps1 h hi!rto kept hidd5 b5ea? a bu%el ) consummate art4 #geg4 ,mod]n ,socialism w\ld fa9 create a pr(ane c\nt]p>t to jesuitism3 ev]ybody a p]fect in/rum5t4 ,b z to ! object ( x all1 ! purpose ( x--?is has n yet be5 asc]ta9$4 #geh4 ,! slav]y ( to-day3 a piece ( b>b>ism4 ,:]e are ! ma/]s = :om ^! slaves "w8 ,"o mu/ n always expect ! simultane\s appe>ance ( ! two complem5t>y ca/es ( society4 ,utility & pleasure are slave !ories ( life4 ,! bless+ ( "w is an ennobl+ phrase = slaves4 ,incapacity = leisure4 #gei4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a "r to live1 a "r to "w1 or a "r to be happy3 9 ?is respect man is n diff]5t f ! meane/ worm4 #gfj4 ,we mu/ und\bt$ly ?9k ( ^! ?+s z uncompromis+ly z ,nature does3 !y pres]ve ! species4 #gfa4 ,we %\ld look ^u ! ne$s ( ! masses ) ironic compassion3 !y want some?+ :i* we h got--,ah6 #gfb4 ,european democracy is only 9 a v slight degree ! manife/ation ( unfett]$ p[]s4 ,x repres5ts1 above all1 ! unfett]+ ( laz9ess1 fatigue1 & weakness4 #gec4 ,conc]n+ ! future ( ! workman--,workm5 m5 %\ld le>n to reg>d _! duties z soldi]s d4 ,!y receive emolum5ts1 incomes1 b !y d n get wages6 ,!re is no relation%ip betwe5 "w done & money receiv$2 ! individual %\ld1 accord+ to 8 k9d1 be s plac$ z to p]=m ! highe/ t is compatible ) 8 p[]s4 #gfd4 ,noblem5 ought "o day to live z ! b\rgeois d n[--b above !m1 di/+ui%+ !mselves by ! simplicity ( _! wants--! sup]ior ca/e w !n live 9 a poor] & simpl] way & yet be 9 possession ( p[]4 ,= l[] ord]s ( mank9d ! rev]se valuations hold good3 x is a matt] ( implant+ virtues 9 !m4 ,absolute comm&s1 t]rible compulsory me?ods1 9 ord] t !y may rise above m]e ease 9 life4 ,! rema9d] may obey1 b _! vanity dem&s t !y may feel !mselves dep5d5t1 n ^u great m51 b ^u pr9ciples4 #gfe4 ,! ,atonem5t ( all ,s98 ,p speak ( ! pr(\nd inju/ice ( ! social arrangem5t1 z x ! fact t "o man is born 9 fav\rable circum/ances & t ano!r is born 9 unfav\rable ones--or t "o %\ld possess gifts ! o!r has n1 7 on ! face ( x an inju/ice4 ,among ! m hone/ ( ^! oppon5ts ( society ?is is :at is said3 ,we1 ) all ! bad1 morbid1 crim9al qualities :i* we ackn[l$ge we possess1 are only ! inevitable result ( ! oppression = ages ( ! weak by ! /rong2 ?us !y ins9uate _! evil natures into ! consci5ces ( ! rul+ classes4 ,!y ?reat5 & /orm & curse4 ,!y become virtu\s f %e] indignation--!y don't want to h become bad m5 & canaille = no?+4 ,! "n = ?is attitude1 :i* is an inv5tion ( ! la/ c5tury1 is1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 pessimism2 & ev5 t pessimism :i* is ! outcome ( indignation4 ,x is 9 ?is attitude ( m9d t hi/ory is judg$1 t x is depriv$ ( its inevitable fatality1 & t responsibility & ev5 guilt is discov]$ 9 x4 ,= ! great desid]atum is to f9d guilty p 9 x4 ,! bot*$ & ! bungl$1 ! decad5ts ( all k9ds1 are revolt$ at !mselves1 & require sacrifices 9 ord] t !y may n slake _! ?ir/ = de/ruction ^u !mselves 7:i* might1 inde$1 be ! mo/ reasonable proc$ure74 ,b = ?is purpose !y at lea/ require a semblance ( ju/ification1 i4e4 a !ory accord+ to :i* ! fact ( _! exi/5ce1 & ( _! "*1 may be expiat$ by a scapegoat4 ,?is scapegoat may be ,god1--9 ,russia su* res5tful a!i/s are n want+1--or ! ord] ( society1 or education & upbr++1 or ! ,jews1 or ! nobles1 or1 f9ally1 ! well-con/itut$ ( e k9d4 ,x is a s9 = a man to h be5 born 9 dec5t circum/ances1 = by s do+ he dis9h]its ! o!rs1 he pu%es !m aside1 he imposes ^u !m ! curse ( vice & ( "w4444 ,h[ c ,i be made answ]able = my mis]y2 surely "s "o mu/ be responsible = x1 or ,i c\ld n be> to live4444 ,9 %ort1 res5tful pessimism discov]s responsible p>ties 9 ord] to create a pleasurable s5sation = itself--rev5ge4444 ,sweet] ?an honey--?us does ev5 old ,hom] speak ( rev5ge4 999999 ,! fact t su* a !ory no long] meets ) und]/&+--or r1 let u say1 contempt is acc\nt$ = by t p>ticle ( ,*ri/ianity :i* /ill circulates 9 ! blood ( e "o ( u2 x makes u tol]ant t[>ds ?+s simply because we sc5t a ,*ri/ian sav\r ab\t !m4444 ,! ,sociali/s appeal to ! ,*ri/ian in/9cts2 ?is is _! really ref9$ piece ( clev]ness4444 ,?anks to ,*ri/ianity1 we h n[ gr[n accu/om$ to ! sup]/iti\s concept ( a s\l--( an immortal s\l1 ( s\l monads1 :i*1 z a matt] ( fact1 hails f some:]e else1 & :i* has only become inh]5t 9 c]ta9 cases--t is to say1 become inc>nate 9 !m--by accid5t3 b ! nature ( ^! cases is n alt]$1 let alone det]m9$ by x4 ,! circum/ances ( society1 ( relation%ip1 & ( hi/ory are only accid5ts = ! s\l1 p]haps misadv5tures3 9 any case1 ! _w is n _! "w4 ,by means ( ! idea ( s\l ! individual is made transc5d5tal2 ?anks to x1 a ridicul\s am\nt ( importance c be attribut$ to him4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 ,*ri/ianity :i* fir/ induc$ ! individual to take up ?is position ( judge ( all ?+s4 ,x made megalomania almo/ 8 duty3 x has made ev]y?+ tempor>y & limit$ subord9ate to et]nal rights6 ,:at is ! ,/ate1 :at is society1 :at are hi/orical laws1 :at is physiology to me8 ,?us speaks some?+ f beyond ,becom+1 an immutable entity ?r\gh\t hi/ory3 ?us speaks some?+ immortal1 some?+ div9e--x is ! s\l6 ,ano!r ,*ri/ian1 b no less insane1 concept has p]colat$ ev5 deep] into ! tissues ( mod]n ideas3 ! concept ( ! equality ( all s\ls be=e ,god4 ,9 ?is concept ! prototype ( all !ories conc]n+ equal rights is to be f\nd4 ,man 0 fir/ taught to /amm] ?is proposition religi\sly3 lat]1 x 0 conv]t$ into a moral2 no wond] he has ultimately begun to take x s]i\sly1 to take x practically6--t is to say1 politically1 sociali/ically1 res5to-pessimi/ically4 ,:]ev] responsible circum/ances or p h be5 look$ =1 x 0 ! in/9ct ( rev5ge t s\ght !m4 ,?is in/9ct ( rev5ge obta9$ su* an asc5dancy ov] man 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies t ! :ole ( metaphysics1 psy*ology1 ideas ( society1 &1 above all1 morality1 are ta9t$ ) x4 ,man has n\ri%$ ?is idea ( responsibility to su* an ext5t t he has introduc$ ! bacillus ( v5geance into ev]y?+4 ,by means ( x he has made ,god ,himself ill1 & kill$ innoc5ce 9 ! univ]se1 by trac+ e condition ( ?+s to acts ( w1 to int5tions1 to responsible ag5ts4 ,! :ole tea*+ ( w1 ?is mo/ fatal fraud t has ev] exi/$ 9 psy*ology hi!rto1 0 inv5t$ ess5tially = ! purpose ( puni%m5t4 ,x 0 ! social utility ( puni%m5t t l5t ?is concept its dignity1 its p[]1 & its tru?4 ,! orig9ator ( t psy*ology1 t we %all call volitional psy*ology1 mu/ be s\ght 9 ^? classes :i* _h ! "r ( puni%m5t 9 _! h&s2 above all1 !re=e1 among ! prie/s :o /ood on ! v p9nacle ( anci5t social sy/ems3 ^! p want$ to create = !mselves ! "r to wreak rev5ge--!y want$ to supply ,god ) ! privilege ( v5geance4 ,= ?is purpose2 man 0 decl>$ free3 to ?is end e action _h to be reg>d$ z volunt>y1 & ! orig9 ( e de$ _h to be consid]$ z ly+ 9 consci\sness4 ,b by su* propositions z ^! anci5t psy*ology is refut$4 ,to-day1 :5 ,europe seems to h tak5 ! contr>y direction2 :5 we halcyonians w\ld fa9 )draw1 dissipate1 & bani% ! concept ( guilt & puni%m5t ) all our might f ! _w2 :5 our mo/ s]i\s endeav\rs are conc5trat$ ^u purify+ psy*ology1 morality1 hi/ory1 nature1 social in/itutions & privileges1 & ev5 ,god ,himself1 f ?is fil?2 9 :om mu/ we recognise our mo/ mortal enemies8 ,precisely 9 ^? apo/les ( rev5ge & res5tm5t1 9 ^? :o are p> excell5ce pessimi/s f indignation1 :o make x _! mission to sanctify _! fil? ) ! "n ( righte\s indignation4444 ,we o!rs1 ^: "o desire is to reclaim innoc5ce on behalf ( ,becom+1 w\ld fa9 be ! mission>ies ( a pur] ?\ght1 namely1 t no "o is responsible = man's qualities2 nei!r ,god1 nor society1 nor 8 p>5ts1 nor 8 ance/ors1 nor himself--9 fact1 t no "o is to blame = him 444 ,! be+ :o might be made responsible = a man's exi/5ce1 = ! fact t he is con/itut$ 9 a p>ticul> way1 or = 8 bir? 9 c]ta9 circum/ances & 9 a c]ta9 environm5t1 is absolutely lack+4--,& x is a great bless+ t su* a be+ is non-exi/5t 4444 ,we are n ! result ( an et]nal design1 ( a w1 ( a desire3 !re is no attempt be+ made ) u to atta9 to an ideal ( p]fection1 to an ideal ( happ9ess1 to an ideal ( virtue1--& we are j z little ! result ( a mi/ake on ,god's "p 9 ! pres5ce ( :i* ,he ought to feel uneasy 7a ?\ght :i* is kn[n to be at ! v root ( ! ,old ,te/am5t74 ,!re is n a place nor a purpose nor a s5se to :i* we c attribute our exi/5ce or our k9d ( exi/5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 no "o is 9 a position to d ?is3 x is q impossible to judge1 to measure1 or to comp>e1 or ev5 to d5y ! :ole univ]se6 ,& :y8--,= five reasons1 all accessible to ! man ( av]age intellig5ce3 = in/ance1 because !re is no exi/5ce outside ! univ]se 444 & let u say x aga91 ?is is a great bless+1 = !re9 lies ! :ole innoc5ce ( our lives4 #b4 ,! ,individual4 #gff4 ,fundam5tal errors3 to reg>d ! h]d z an aim in/ead ( ! individual6 ,! h]d is only a means & no?+ m6 ,b n[adays p are try+ to und]/& ! h]d z !y w\ld an individual1 & to conf] high] rights ^u x ?an ^u isolat$ p]sonalities4 ,t]rible mi/ake66 ,9 addition to ?is1 all t makes = greg>i\sness1 e4g4 sympa?y1 is reg>d$ z ! m valuable side ( our natures4 #gfg4 ,! individual is some?+ q new1 & capable ( creat+ new ?+s4 ,he is some?+ absolute1 & all 8 actions are q 8 own4 ,! individual 9 ! end has to seek ! valuation = 8 actions 9 himself3 because he has to give an individual mean+ ev5 to traditional words & notions4 ,8 int]pretation ( a =mula is at lea/ p]sonal1 ev5 if he does n create ! =mula itself3 at lea/ z an int]pret] he is creative4 #gfh4 ,! ego oppresses & kills4 ,x acts l an organic cell4 ,x is pr$atory & viol5t4 ,x w\ld fa9 reg5]ate itself--pregnancy4 ,x w\ld fa9 give bir? to its ,god & see all mank9d at its feet4 #gfi4 ,e liv+ organism gropes ar\nd z f> z its p[] p]mits1 & ov]comes all t is weak] ?an itself3 by ?is means x f9ds pleasure 9 its own exi/5ce4 ,! increas+ humanity ( ?is t5d5cy consi/s 9 ! fact t we are beg9n+ to feel ev] m subtly h[ difficult x is really to absorb o!rs3 :ile we c\ld %[ our p[] by injur+ him1 8 w e/ranges him f u1 & ?us makes him less susceptible ( be+ ov]come4 #ggj4 ,! degree ( resi/ance :i* has to be cont9ually ov]come 9 ord] to rema9 at ! top1 is ! measure ( fre$om1 :e!r = individuals or = societies3 fre$om be+ und]/ood z positive p[]1 z w to p[]4 ,! highe/ =m ( individual fre$om1 ( sov]eignty1 w\ld1 accord+ to ?is1 9 all probability be f\nd n five feet away f its opposite--t is to say1 :]e ! dang] ( slav]y hangs ov] life1 l a hundr$ swords ( ,damocles4 ,let any "o g ?r\gh ! :ole ( hi/ory f ?is po9t ( view3 ! ages :5 ! individual rea*es p]fect maturity1 i4e4 ! free ages1 :5 ! classical type1 sov]eign man1 is atta9$ to--^! 7 c]ta9ly n humane times6 ,!re %\ld be no *oice3 ei!r "o mu/ be upp]mo/ or ne!rmo/--l a worm1 despis$1 annihilat$1 trodd5 ^u4 ,"o mu/ h tyrants aga9/ "o 9 ord] to become a tyrant1 i4e4 9 ord] to be free4 ,x is no small advantage to h a hundr$ swords ( ,damocles susp5d$ ov] "o3 x is only ?us t "o le>ns to dance1 x is only ?us t "o atta9s to any fre$om 9 "o's movem5ts4 #gga4 ,man m ?an any o!r animal 0 orig9ally altrui/ic--h5ce 8 sl[ gr[? 7*ild7 & l(ty developm5t4 ,h5ce1 too1 8 extraord9>y & late/ k9d ( egoism4--,bea/s ( prey are mu* m individuali/ic4 #ggb4 ,a criticism ( selfi%ness4 ,! involunt>y +5u\sness ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 :o believ$ t he 0 say+ some?+ bold1 lib]al1 & p>adoxical 79 8 days1 ( c\rse1 tru? 9 psy*ological matt]s 0 some?+ t a/oni%$ p7 :5 he said4 ,les gr&es mes ne sont pas celles qui ont mo9s de passions et plus de v]tus que les mes communes1 mais seulem5t celles qui ont de plus gr&s desse9s4 ,c]ta9ly1 ,john ,/u>t ,mill 7:o calls ,*am=t ! noble & philosophical ,la ,ro*ef\cauld ( ! eighte5? c5tury7 recognises 9 him m]ely an a/ute & ke5-sight$ obs]v] ( all t :i* is ! result ( habitual selfi%ness 9 ! human brea/1 & he adds3 ,a noble _s is unable to see ! necessity ( a con/ant obs]vation ( bas5ess & contemptibility1 unless x 7 to %[ aga9/ :at corrupt+ influ5ces a l(ty _s & a noble "* 7 able to triumph4 #ggc4 ,! ,morphology ( ! ,feel+s ( ,self4 ,fir/ /&po9t--,to :at ext5t are sympa?y or communal feel+s1 ! l[] or prep>atory /ates1 at a "t :5 p]sonal self-e/eem & initiative 9 valuation1 on ! "p ( individuals1 are n yet possible8 ,second /&po9t4--,to :at ext5t is ! z5i? ( collective self-e/eem1 ! pride 9 ! di/9ction ( ! clan1 ! feel+ ( inequality & a c]ta9 abhorr5ce ( m$iation1 ( equal rights & ( reconciliation1 ! s*ool = individual self-e/eem8 ,x may be ?is 9 s f> z x compels ! individual to repres5t ! pride ( ! community --he is oblig$ to speak & act ) trem5d\s self-respect1 because he /&s = ! community ,& ! same holds good :5 ! individual reg>ds himself z ! in/rum5t or speak+-tube ( a godhead4 ,?ird /&po9t4--,to :at ext5t d ^! =ms ( imp]sonality inve/ ! individual ) enorm\s importance8 ,9 s f> z high] p[]s are us+ him z an int]m$i>y3 religi\s %yness t[>ds "o's self is ! condition ( prophets & poets4 ,f\r? /&po9t4--,to :at ext5t does responsibility = a :ole educate ! individual 9 =esight1 & give him a sev]e & t]rible h&1 a calculat+ & cold he>t1 maje/y ( be>+ & ( action--?+s :i* he w\ld n all[ himself if he /ood only = 8 own rights8 ,9 %ort1 collective self-e/eem is ! great prep>atory s*ool = p]sonal sov]eignty4 ,! noble ca/e is t :i* creates ! h]itage ( ?is faculty4 #ggd4 ,! disguis$ =ms ( w to p[]3-- 7#a7 ,! desire = fre$om1 = indep5d5ce = equilibrium1 = peace1 = co-ord9ation4 ,also t ( ! an*orite1 ! ,free-,_s4 ,9 its l[e/ =m1 ! w to live at all co/s--! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation4 7#b7 ,subord9ation1 ) ! view ( satisfy+ ! w to p[] ( a :ole community2 submissiv5ess1 ! mak+ ( "o's self indisp5sable & useful to him :o has ! p[]2 love1 a secret pa? to ! he>t ( ! p[]ful1 9 ord] to become 8 ma/]4 7#c7 ,! feel+ ( duty1 consci5ce1 ! imag9>y com=t ( belong+ to a high] ord] ?an ^? :o actually hold ! re9s ( p[]2 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( an ord] ( rank :i* all[s ( judg+ ev5 ! m p[]ful1 self-depreciation2 ! discov]y ( new codes ( morality 7( :i* ! ,jews are a classical example74 #gge4 ,praise & gratitude z =ms ( w to p[]4--,praise & gratitude = h>ve/s1 = good wea!r1 victories1 m>riages1 & peace--all fe/ivals ne$ a subject on :i* feel+ c be outp\r$4 ,! desire is to make all good ?+s t happ5 to "o appe> z ?\gh !y _h be5 done to "o3 p w h a donor4 ,! same holds good ( ! "w ( art3 p are n satisfi$ ) x alone1 !y mu/ praise ! arti/4--,:at1 !n1 is praise8 ,x is a sort ( comp5sation = b5efits receiv$1 a sort ( giv+ back1 a manife/ation ( our p[]--= ! man :o praises ass5ts to1 blesses1 values1 judges4 he arrogates to himself ! "r to give 8 cons5t to a ?+1 to be able to conf] hon\rs4 ,an increas$ feel+ ( happ9ess or ( livel9ess is also an increas$ feel+ ( p[]1 & x is z a result ( ?is feel+ t a man praises 7x is z ! outcome ( ?is feel+ t he inv5ts a donor1 a subject74 ,gratitude is ?us rev5ge ( a l(ty k9d3 x is mo/ sev]ely ex]cis$ & dem&$ :]e equality & pride bo? require to be upheld--t is to say1 :]e rev5ge is practis$ to its fulle/ ext5t4 #ggf4 ,conc]n+ ! ,ma*iavellism ( ,p[]4 ,! w to p[] appe>s3-- 7a7 ,among ! oppress$ & slaves ( all k9ds1 9 ! =m ( w to fre$om3 ! m]e fact ( break+ loose f some?+ seems to be an end 9 itself 79 a religio-moral s5se3 ,"o is only answ]able to "o's own consci5ce2 evangelical fre$om1 etc4 etc471 7b7 ,9 ! case ( a /rong] species1 asc5d+ to p[]1 9 ! =m ( ! w to ov]p[]4 ,if ?is fails1 !n x %r9ks to ! w to ju/ice--t is to say1 to ! w to ! same measure ( rights z ! rul+ ca/e possesses4 7c7 ,9 ! case ( ! /ronge/1 ri*e/1 mo/ indep5d5t1 & mo/ c\rage\s1 9 ! =m ( love ( humanity1 ( love ( ! p1 ( ! gospel1 ( tru? ( ,god1 ( pity1 ( self sacrifice1 etc4 etc42 9 ! =m ( ov]p[]+1 ( de$s ( capture1 ( impos+ s]vice on "s "o1 ( an in/9ctive reckon+ ( "o's self z "p ( a great mass ( p[] to :i* "o attempts to give a direction3 ! h]o1 ! prophet1 ! ,cs>1 ! ,savi\r1 ! bell-we!r4 7,! love ( ! sexes also belongs to ?is category1 x w ov]p[] some?+1 possess x utt]ly1 & x looks l self-abnegation4 ,at bottom x is only ! love ( "o's in/rum5t1 ( "o's horse--! conviction t ?+s belong to "o because "o is 9 a position to use !m47 ,fre$om1 ,ju/ice1 ,love666 #ggg4 ,love4--,behold ?is love & pity ( wom5--:at c\ld be m egoi/ic8 444 ,& :5 !y d sacrifice !mselves & _! hon\r or reputation1 to :om d !y sacrifice !mselves8 ,to ! man8 ,is x n r to an unbridl$ desire8 ,^! desires are q z selfi%1 ev5 ?\gh !y may be b5eficial to o!rs & provoke gratitude4 444 ,to :at ext5t c su* a hyp]ftation ( "o valuation sanctify ev]y?+ else66 #ggh4 ,s5ses1 ,passions44--,:5 ! fe> ( ! s5ses & ( ! passions & ( ! desires becomes s great z to w>n u aga9/ !m1 x is already a symptom ( weakness3 extreme measures always *>act]ise abnormal conditions4 ,t :i* is lack+ "h1 or m precisely t :i* is decay+1 is ! p[] to resi/ an impulse3 :5 "o feels in/9ctively t "o mu/ yield1--t is to say1 t "o mu/ react1--!n x is an excell5t ?+ to avoid opportunities 7temptations74 ,! /imulation ( ! s5ses is only a temptation 9 s f> z ^? creatures are conc]n$ ^: sy/ems are easily sway$ & influ5c$3 on ! o!r h&1 9 ! case ( rem>kable con/itutional obtus5ess & h>dness1 /rong /imuli are necess>y 9 ord] to set ! functions 9 motion4 ,dissipation c only be object$ to 9 ! case ( "o :o has no "r to x2 & almo/ all passions h fall5 into disrepute ?anks to ^? :o 7 n /rong en\gh to conv]t !m to _! own advantage4 ,"o %\ld und]/& t passions are op5 to ! same objections z illnesses3 yet we %\ld n be ju/ifi$ 9 do+ )\t illnesses1 & /ill less )\t passions4 ,we require ! abnormal2 we give life a trem5d\s %ock by means ( ^! great illnesses4 ,9 detail ! foll[+ %\ld be di/+ui%$3-- 7#a7 ,! dom9at+ passion1 :i* may ev5 br+ ! supreme/ =m ( heal? ) x3 9 ?is case ! co-ord9ation ( ! int]nal sy/em & its functions to p]=m "o task is be/ atta9$1--b ?is is almo/ a def9ition ( heal?4 7#b7 ,! antagonism ( ! passions ! d\ble1 treble1 & multiple s\l 9 "o brea/3#f ?is is v unheal?y2 x is a sign ( inn] ru9 & ( dis9tegration1 betray+ & promot+ an int]nal dualism & an>*y--unless1 ( c\rse1 "o passion becomes ma/]4 ,return to heal?4 7#c7 ,! juxtaposition ( passions )\t _! be+ ei!r oppos$ or unit$ ) "o ano!r4 ,v (t5 transitory1 & !n1 z soon z ord] is e/abli%$1 ?is condition may be a heal?y "o4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ class ( m5 belong to ?is ord]1 ! *ameleons2 !y are n necess>ily at logg]heads ) !mselves1 !y are bo? happy & secure1 b !y _c develop--_! moods lie side by side1 ev5 ?\gh !y may seem to lie f> ap>t4 ,!y *ange1 b !y become no?+4 ,footnote #f3 ,?is ref]s to ,goe!'s ,fau/4 ,9 ,"p ,i41 ,act ,i41 ,sc5e #aa41 we f9d ,fau/ exclaim+ 9 despair3 ,two s\ls1 alas6 )9 my bosom ?rone6 ,see ,!odore ,m>t9's ,fau/1 translat$ into ,engli% v]se4--,tr4 #ggi4 ,! quantitative e/imate ( aims & its influ5ce ^u ! valu+ /&po9t1 ! great & ! small crim9al4 ,! greatness or smallness ( ! aims w det]m9e :e!r ! do] feels respect = himself ) x all1 or :e!r he feels pusillanim\s & mis]able4 ,! degree ( intellectuality manife/$ 9 ! means employ$ may likewise influ5ce our valuation4 ,h[ diff]5tly ! philosophical innovator1 exp]im5t]1 & man ( viol5ce /&s out aga9/ robb]s1 b>b>ians1 adv5tur]s6--,!re is a semblance ( dis9t]e/$ness 9 ! =m]4 ,f9ally1 noble mann]s1 be>+1 c\rage1 self-confid5ce1--h[ !y alt] ! value ( t :i* is atta9$ by means ( !m6 999999 ,conc]n+ ! optics ( valuation3-- ,! influ5ce ( ! greatness or smallness ( ! aims4 ,! influ5ce ( ! intellectuality ( ! means4 ,! influ5ce ( ! behavi\r 9 action4 ,! influ5ce ( success or failure4 ,! influ5ce ( oppos+ =ces & _! value4 ,! influ5ce ( t :i* is p]mitt$ & t :i* is =bidd54 #ghj4 ,! tricks by means ( :i* actions1 measures1 & passions are legitimis$1 :i* f an individual /&po9t are no long] good =m or ev5 9 good ta/e4-- ,art1 :i* all[s u to ent] su* /range worlds1 makes !m ta/eful to u4 ,hi/orians prove its ju/ification & reason2 travels1 exoticism1 psy*ology1 p5al codes1 ! lunatic asylum1 ! crim9al1 sociology4 ,imp]sonality 7s t z m$ia ( a collective :ole we all[ ourselves ^! passions & action--! ,b>1 juries1 ! b\rgeois1 ! soldi]1 ! m9i/]1 ! pr9ce1 society1 critics7 makes u feel t we are sacrific+ some?+4 #gha4 ,preoccupations conc]n+ "o's self & "o's et]nal salvation are n expressive ei!r ( a ri* or ( a self-confid5t nature1 = ! latt] lets all que/ions ( et]nal bliss g to ! devil1--x is n int]e/$ 9 su* matt]s ( happ9ess x is all p[]1 de$s1 desires2 x imposes itself ^u ?+s2 x ev5 violates ?+s4 ,! ,*ri/ian is a romantic hypo*ondriac :o does n /& firmly on 8 legs4 ,:5ev] h$oni/ic views come to ! front1 "o c always presuppose ! exi/5ce ( pa9 & a c]ta9 ill-con/itut$ness4 #ghb4 ,! gr[+ autonomy ( ! individual--,p>isian philosoph]s l ,m4 ,f\ille talk ( su* ?+s3 !y w\ld d well to /udy ! race m\tonnire = a mom5t2 = !y belong to x4 ,= ,heav5's sake op5 y\r eyes1 ye sociologi/s :o deal ) ! future6 ,! individual grew /rong "u q opposite conditions3 ye describe ! extreme/ weak5+ & impov]i%m5t ( man2 ye actually want ?is weakness & impov]i%m5t1 & ye apply ! :ole ly+ ma*9]y ( ! old ideal 9 ord] to a*ieve y\r end4 ,ye are s con/itut$ t ye actually reg>d y\r greg>i\s wants z an ideal6 ,"h we are 9 ! pres5ce ( an absolute lack ( psy*ological hone/y4 #ghc4 ,! two traits :i* *>act]ise ! mod]n ,european are app>5tly antagoni/ic individualism & ! dem& = equal rights3 ?is ,i am at la/ beg9n+ to und]/&4 ,! individual is an extremely vuln]able piece ( vanity3 ?is vanity1 :5 x is consci\s ( its high degree ( susceptibility to pa91 dem&s t e "o %\ld be made equal2 t ! individual %\ld only /& int] p>es4 ,b 9 ?is way a social race is depict$ 9 :i*1 z a matt] ( fact1 gifts & p[]s are on ! :ole equally di/ribut$4 ,! pride :i* w\ld h lonel9ess & b few appreciators is q beyond compreh5sion3 really great successes are only atta9$ ?r\gh ! masses--inde$1 we sc>cely und]/& yet t a mob success is 9 reality only a small success2 because pul*rum e/ paucorum hom9um4 ,no morality w c\nt5ance ord] ( rank among m51 & ! juri/s "k no?+ ( a communal consci5ce4 ,! pr9ciple ( individualism rejects really great m51 & dem&s ! mo/ delicate vision =1 & ! spe$ie/ discov]y (1 a tal5t among p :o are almo/ equal2 & inasmu* z e "o has "s modicum ( tal5t 9 su* late & civilis$ cultures 7& c1 !re=e1 expect to receive 8 %>e ( hon\r71 !re is a m g5]al butt]+-up ( mode/ m]its to-day ?an !re has ev] be54 ,?is gives ! age ! appe>ance ( unlimit$ ju/ice4 ,its want ( ju/ice is to be f\nd n 9 its unb\nd$ hatr$ ( tyrants & demagogues1 ev5 9 ! arts2 b 9 its dete/ation ( noble natures :o scorn ! praise ( ! _m4 ,! dem& = equal rights 7t is to say1 ! privilege ( sitt+ 9 judgm5t on ev]y?+ & ev]ybody7 is anti-ari/ocratic4 ,?is age kn[s j z little conc]n+ ! absorption ( ! individual1 ( 8 m]g5ce into a great type ( m5 :o d n want to be p]sonalities4 ,x 0 ?is t =m]ly con/itut$ ! di/9ction & ! zeal ( _m l(ty natures 7! greate/ poets among !m72 or ( ! desire to be a polis1 z 9 ,greece2 or ( ,jesuitism1 or ( ! ,prussian ,/aff ,corps1 & bureaucracy2 or ( appr5tice%ip & a cont9uation ( ! tradition ( great ma/]s3 to all ( :i* ?+s1 non-social conditions & ! abs5ce ( petty vanity are necess>y4 #ghd4 ,individualism is a mode/ & /ill unconsci\s =m ( w to p[]2 ) x a s+le human unit seems to ?9k x suffici5t to free himself f ! prepond]at+ p[] ( society 7or ( ! ,/ate or ,*ur*74 ,he does n set himself up 9 opposition z a p]sonality1 b m]ely z a unit2 he repres5ts ! rights ( all o!r individuals z aga9/ ! :ole4 ,t is to say1 he in/9ctively places himself on a level ) e o!r unit3 :at he combats he does n combat z a p]son1 b z a repres5tative ( units aga9/ a mass4 ,socialism is m]ely an agitatory measure ( individualism3 x recognises ! fact t 9 ord] to atta9 to some?+1 m5 mu/ organise !mselves into a g5]al movem5t--into a p[]4 ,b :at ! ,sociali/ requires is n society z ! object ( ! individual1 b society z a means ( mak+ _m individuals possible3 ?is is ! in/9ct ( ,sociali/s1 ?\gh !y frequ5tly deceive !mselves on ?is po9t 7ap>t f ?is1 h[ev]1 9 ord] to make _! k9d prevail1 !y are compell$ to deceive o!rs to an enorm\s ext5t74 ,altrui/ic moral prea*+ ?us ent]s into ! s]vice ( individual egoism1--"o ( ! mo/ common frauds ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,an>*y is also m]ely an agitatory measure ( ,socialism2 ) x ! ,sociali/ inspires fe>1 ) fe> he beg9s to fasc9ate & to t]rorise3 b :at he does above all is to draw all c\rage\s & reckless p to 8 side1 ev5 9 ! mo/ intellectual sph]es4 ,9 spite ( all ?is1 individualism is ! mo/ mode/ /age ( ! w to p[]4 999999 ,:5 "o has rea*$ a c]ta9 degree ( indep5d5ce1 "o always longs = m3 sep>ation 9 proportion to ! degree ( =ce2 ! individual is no long] cont5t to reg>d himself z equal to ev]ybody1 he actually seeks = 8 pe]--he makes himself /& out f o!rs4 ,individualism is foll[$ by a developm5t 9 gr\ps & organs2 correlative t5d5cies jo9 up toge!r & become p[]fully active3 n[ !re arise betwe5 ^! c5tres ( p[]1 friction1 w>1 a reconnoitr+ ( ! =ces on ei!r side1 reciprocity1 und]/&+s1 & ! regulation ( mutual s]vices4 ,f9ally1 !re appe>s an ord] ( rank4 ,recapitulation-- #a4 ,! individuals emancipate !mselves4 #b4 ,!y make w>1 & ultimately agree conc]n+ equal rights 7ju/ice is made an end 9 itself74 #c4 ,once ?is is rea*$1 ! actual diff]5ces 9 degrees ( p[] beg9 to make !mselves felt1 & to a great] ext5t ?an be=e 7! reason be+ t on ! :ole peace is e/abli%$1 & innum]able small c5tres ( p[] beg9 to create diff]5ces :i* =m]ly 7 sc>cely noticeable74 ,n[ ! individuals beg9 to =m gr\ps1 ^! /rive aft] privileges & prepond]ance1 & w> />ts afre% 9 a mild] =m4 ,p dem& fre$om only :5 !y h no p[]4 ,once p[] is obta9$1 a prepond]ance !re( is ! next ?+ to be covet$2 if ?is is n a*iev$ 7ow+ to ! fact t "o is /ill too weak = x71 !n ju/ice i4e4 equality ( p[] become ! objects ( desire4 #ghe4 ,! rectification ( ! concept egoism4--,:5 "o has discov]$ :at an error ! individual is1 & t e s+le creature repres5ts ! :ole process ( evolution 7n alone inh]it$1 b 9 himself71 ! individual !n acquires an inord9ately great importance4 ,! voice ( in/9ct is q "r "h4 ,:5 ?is in/9ct t5ds to decl9e1 i4e4 :5 ! individual beg9s to seek 8 wor? 9 8 s]vices to o!rs1 "o may be sure t exhau/ion & deg5]ation h set 94 ,an altrui/ic attitude ( m9d1 :5 x is fundam5tal & free f all hypocrisy1 is ! in/9ct ( creat+ a second value = "o's self 9 ! s]vice ( o!r egoi/s4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 x is only app>5t--a circuit\s pa? to ! pres]vation ( "o's own feel+s ( vitality & wor?4 #ghf4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,moralisation & ,demoralisation4 ,proposition "o4--,!re are no su* ?+s z moral actions3 !y are purely imag9>y4 ,n only is x impossible to demon/rate _! exi/5ce 7a fact :i* ,kant & ,*ri/ianity1 = in/ance1 bo? ackn[l$g$7 b !y are n ev5 possible4 ,ow+ to psy*ological misund]/&+1 a man inv5t$ an opposite to ! in/9ctive impulses ( life1 & believ$ t a new species ( in/9ct 0 !reby discov]$3 a primum mobile 0 po/ulat$ :i* does n exi/ at all4 ,accord+ to ! valuation :i* gave rise to ! anti!sis moral & immoral1 "o %\ld say3 ,!re is no?+ else on e>? b immoral int5tions & actions4 ,proposition two4----,! :ole diff]5tiation1 moral & immoral1 arises f ! assumption t bo? moral & immoral actions are ! result ( a spontane\s w--9 %ort1 t su* a w exi/s2 or 9 o!r words1 t moral judgm5ts c only hold good ) reg>d to intuitions & actions t are free4 ,b ?is :ole ord] ( actions & int5tions is purely imag9>y3 ! only _w to :i* ! moral /&>d c\ld be appli$ does n exi/ at all3 !re is no su* ?+ z a moral or an immoral action4 ,! psy*ological error out ( :i* ! anti!sis moral & immoral arose is3 selfless1 unselfi%1 self-d5y+--all unreal & fanta/ic4 ,a false dogmatism also clu/]$ ar\nd ! concept ego2 x 0 reg>d$ z atomic1 & falsely oppos$ to a non-ego2 x 0 also lib]at$ f ,becom+1 & decl>$ to belong to ! sph]e ( ,be+4 ,! false mat]ialisation ( ! ego3 ?is 7ow+ to ! belief 9 individual immortality7 0 made an article ( fai? "u ! pressure ( religio-moral discipl9e4 ,accord+ to ?is artificial lib]ation ( ! ego & its transf]5ce to ! realm ( ! absolute1 p ?\ght t !y _h arriv$ at an anti!sis 9 values :i* seem$ q irrefutable--! s+le ego & ! va/ non-ego4 ,x seem$ obvi\s t ! value ( ! individual ego c\ld only exi/ 9 conjunction ) ! va/ non-ego1 m p>ticul>ly 9 ! s5se ( be+ subject to x & exi/+ only = its sake4 ,"h1 ( c\rse1 ! greg>i\s in/9ct det]m9$ ! direction ( ?\ght3 no?+ is m oppos$ to ?is in/9ct ?an ! sov]eignty ( ! individual4 ,suppos+1 h[ev]1 t ! ego be absolute1 !n its value mu/ lie 9 self-negation4 ,?us3 7#a7 ! false emancipation ( ! individual z an atom2 7#b7 ,! greg>i\s self-conceit :i* abhors ! desire to rema9 an atom1 & reg>ds x z ho/ile4 7#c7 ,z a result3 ! ov]com+ ( ! individual by *ang+ 8 aim4 7#d7 ,at ?is po9t !re appe>$ to be actions t 7 self-effac+3 ar\nd ^! actions a :ole sph]e ( anti!ses 0 fanci$4 7#e7 ,x 0 ask$1 9 :at sort ( actions does man mo/ /rongly ass]t himself8 ,ar\nd ^! 7sexuality1 covet\sness1 lu/ = p[]1 cruelty1 etc4 etc47 hate1 contempt1 & ana!mas 7 heap$3 x 0 believ$ t !re c\ld be su* ?+s z selfless impulses4 ,ev]y?+ selfi% 0 condemn$1 ev]y?+ unselfi% 0 9 dem&4 7#f7 ,& ! result 03 :at _h be5 done8 ,a ban _h be5 plac$ on ! /ronge/1 ! mo/ natural1 yea1 ! only g5u9e impulses1 h5ce=w>d1 9 ord] t an action might be praisewor?y1 !re mu/ be no trace 9 x ( any ( ^? g5u9e impulses--mon/r\s fraud 9 psy*ology4 ,e k9d ( self-satisfaction _h to be remodell$ & made possible by means ( misund]/&+ & adju/+ "o's self sub specie boni4 ,conv]sely3 t species :i* f\nd its advantage 9 depriv+ mank9d ( its self-satisfaction1 ! repres5tatives ( ! greg>i\s in/9cts1 e4g4 ! prie/s & ! philosoph]s1 7 suffici5tly crafty & psy*ologically a/ute to %[ h[ selfi%ness rul$ ev]y:]e4 ,! ,*ri/ian conclusion f ?is 03 ,ev]y?+ is s91 ev5 our virtues4 ,man is utt]ly undesirable4 ,selfless actions are impossible4 ,orig9al s94 ,9 %ort1 once man _h oppos$ 8 in/9cts to a purely imag9>y _w ( ! good1 he conclud$ by despis+ himself z incapable ( p]=m+ good actions4 ,n4,b4 ,9 ?is way ,*ri/ianity repres5ts a /ep =w>d 9 ! %>p5+ ( psy*ological insight3 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld & ,pascal4 ,x p]ceiv$ ! ess5tial equality ( human actions1 & ! equality ( _! values z a :ole 7all immoral74 999999 ,n[ ! fir/ s]i\s object 0 to re> m5 9 :om self-seek+ impulses 7 ext+ui%$4 prie/s1 sa9ts4 ,& if p d\bt$ t p]fection 0 possible1 !y did n d\bt :at p]fection 04 ,! psy*ology ( ! sa9t & ( ! prie/ & ( ! good man1 mu/ naturally h seem$ purely phantasmagorical4 ,! real motive ( all action _h be5 decl>$ bad3 !re=e1 9 ord] to make action /ill possible1 de$s _h to be prescrib$ :i*1 ?\gh n possible1 _h to be decl>$ possible & sanctifi$4 ,!y n[ hon\r$ & idealis$ ?+s ) z mu* falsity z !y _h previ\sly sl&]$ !m4 ,inveigh+ aga9/ ! in/9cts ( life came to be reg>d$ z holy & e/imable4 ,! prie/ly ideal 03 absolute *a/ity1 absolute ob$i5ce1 absolute pov]ty6 ,! lay ideal3 alms1 pity1 self-sacrifice1 r5unciation ( ! beautiful1 ( reason1 & ( s5suality1 & a d>k fr[n = all ! /rong qualities t exi/$4 999999 ,an advance is made3 ! sl&]$ in/9cts attempt to re-e/abli% _! rights 7e4g4 ,lu!r's ,re=mation1 ! co>se/ =m ( moral falsehood "u ! cov] ( ,evangelical fre$om71 !y are re*ri/5$ ) holy names4 ,! calumniat$ in/9cts try to demon/rate t !y are necess>y 9 ord] t ! virtu\s in/9cts may be possible4 ,il faut vivre1 af9 de vivre p\r autrui3 egoism z a means to an end4#g ,b p g /ill fur!r3 !y try to grant bo? ! egoi/ic & altrui/ic impulses ! "r to exi/--equal rights = bo?--f ! utilit>ian /&po9t4 ,p g fur!r3 !y see great] utility 9 plac+ ! egoi/ic rights be=e ! altrui/ic--great] utility 9 ! s5se ( m happ9ess = ! majority1 or ( ! elevation ( mank9d1 etc4 etc4 ,?us ! rights ( egoism beg9 to prepond]ate1 b "u ! cloak ( an extremely altrui/ic /&po9t--! collective utility ( humanity4 ,an attempt is made to reconcile ! altrui/ic mode ( action ) ! natural ord] ( ?+s4 ,altruism is s\ght 9 ! v roots ( life4 ,altruism & egoism are bo? bas$ ^u ! ess5ce ( life & nature4 ,! disappe>ance ( ! opposition betwe5 !m is dreamt ( z a future possibility4 ,cont9u$ adaptation1 x is hop$1 w m]ge ! two into "o4 ,at la/ x is se5 t altrui/ic actions are m]ely a species ( ! egoi/ic--& t ! degree to :i* "o loves & sp5ds "o's self is a pro( ( ! ext5t ( "o's individual p[] & p]sonality4 ,9 %ort1 t ! m evil man c be made1 ! bett] he is1 & t "o _c be ! "o )\t ! o!r4 ,at ?is po9t ! curta9 rises :i* conceal$ ! mon/r\s fraud ( ! psy*ology t has prevail$ hi!rto4 999999 ,results4--,!re are only immoral int5tions & actions2 ! s-call$ moral actions mu/ be %[n to be immoral4 ,all emotions are trac$ to a s+le w1 ! w to p[]1 & are call$ ess5tially equal4 ,! concept ( life3 9 ! app>5t anti!sis good & evil1 degrees ( p[] 9 ! in/9cts alone are express$4 ,a tempor>y ord] ( rank is e/abli%$ accord+ to :i* c]ta9 in/9cts are ei!r controll$ or enli/$ 9 our s]vice4 ,morality is ju/ifi$3 economically1 etc4 999999 ,aga9/ proposition two4--,det]m9ism3 ! attempt to rescue ! moral _w by transf]r+ x to ! unkn[n4 ,det]m9ism is only a mann] ( all[+ ourselves to conjure our valuations away1 once !y h lo/ _! place 9 a _w int]pret$ me*ani/ically4 ,det]m9ism mu/ !re=e be attack$ & und]m9$ at all co/s3 j z our "r to di/+ui% betwe5 an absolute & ph5om5al _w %\ld be disput$4 ,footnote #g3 ,sp5c]'s conclusion 9 ! ,data ( ,e?ics4--,tr4 #ghg4 ,x is absolutely necess>y to emancipate ourselves f motives3 o!rwise we %\ld n be all[$ to attempt to sacrifice ourselves or to neglect ourselves6 ,only ! innoc5ce ( ,becom+ gives u ! highe/ c\rage & ! highe/ fre$om4 #ghh4 ,a clean consci5ce mu/ be re/or$ to ! evil man--has ?is be5 my involunt>y endeav\r all ! "t8 = ,i take z ! evil man him :o is /rong 7,do/oievsky's belief conc]n+ ! convicts 9 prison %\ld be ref]r$ to "h74 #ghi4 ,our new fre$om4 ,:at a feel+ ( relief !re is 9 ! ?\ght t we emancipat$ spirits d n feel ourselves h>ness$ to any sy/em ( teleological aims4 ,likewise t ! concepts rew>d & puni%m5t h no roots 9 ! ess5ce ( exi/5ce6 ,likewise t good & evil actions are n good or evil 9 !mselves1 b only f ! po9t ( view ( ! self-pres]vative t5d5cies ( c]ta9 species ( humanity6 ,likewise t our speculations conc]n+ pleasure & pa9 are n ( cosmic1 f> less !n ( metaphysical1 importance6 7,t =m ( pessimism associat$ ) ! "n ( ,h>tmann1 :i* pl$ges itself to put ev5 ! pa9 & pleasure ( exi/5ce into ! balance1 ) its arbitr>y conf9em5t 9 ! prison & )9 ! b\nds ( pre-,cop]nican ?\ght1 w\ld be some?+ n only retrogressive1 b deg5]ate1 unless x be m]ely a bad joke on ! "p ( a ,b]l9]4#h7 ,footnote #h3 ,b]l9]--,! citiz5s ( ,b]l9 are r5[n$ 9 ,g]many = _! poor jokes4--,tr4 #gij4 ,if "o is cle> z to ! :]e=e ( "o's life1 !n ! h[ ( x c take c>e ( itself4 ,x is already ev5 a sign ( disbelief 9 ! :]e=e & 9 ! purpose & s5se ( life--9 fact1 x is a sign ( a lack ( w--:5 ! value ( pleasure & pa9 /ep into ! =egr\nd1 & h$oni/ic & pessimi/ic tea*+ becomes preval5t2 & self-abnegation1 resignation1 virtue1 objectivity1 may1 at ! v lea/1 be signs t ! mo/ important factor is beg9n+ to make its abs5ce felt4 #gia4 ,hi!rto !re has be5 no ,g]man culture4 ,x is no refutation ( ?is ass]tion to say t !re h be5 great an*orites 9 ,g]many 7,goe!1 = in/ance72 = ^! _h _! own culture4 ,b x 0 precisely ar\nd !m1 z ?\gh ar\nd mighty1 defiant1 & isolat$ rocks1 t ! rema9+ _s ( ,g]many1 z _! anti!sis1 lay t is to say1 z a s(t1 swampy1 slipp]y soil1 ^u :i* e /ep & e footpr9t ( ! re/ ( ,europe made an impression & creat$ =ms4 ,g]man culture 0 a ?+ devoid ( "* & ( almo/ unlimit$ yield+ p[]4 #gib4 ,g]many1 ?\gh v ri* 9 clev] & well-in=m$ s*ol>s1 has = "s "t be5 s excessively poor 9 great s\ls & 9 mighty m9ds1 t x almo/ seems to h =gott5 :at a great s\l or a mighty m9d is2 & to-day m$iocre & ev5 ill-con/itut$ m5 place !mselves 9 ! m>ket squ>e )\t ! sugge/ion ( a consci5ce-prick or a sign ( emb>rassm5t1 & decl>e !mselves great m51 re=m]s1 etc4 ,take ! case ( ,eug5 ,dhr+1 = in/ance1 a really clev] & well-in=m$ s*ol>1 b a man :o betrays ) almo/ e ^w he says t he has a mis]ably small s\l1 & t he is horribly torm5t$ by n>r[ envi\s feel+s2 moreov]1 t x is no mighty ov]fl[+1 b5evol5t1 & sp5d?rift _s t drives him on1 b only ! _s ( ambition6 ,b to be ambiti\s 9 su* an age z ?is is mu* m unwor?y ( a philosoph] ?an ev] x 03 to-day1 :5 x is ! mob t rules1 :5 x is ! mob t disp5ses ! hon\rs4 #gic4 ,my future3 a sev]e polyte*nic education4 ,conscription2 s t z a rule e man ( ! high] classes %\ld be an (fic]1 :atev] else he may be besides4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] ,,9 ,,art4 #gid4 ,our religion1 morality1 & philosophy are decad5t human in/itutions4 ,! c\nt]-ag5t4 ,art4 #gie4 ,! ,arti/-philosoph]4 ,a high] concept ( art4 ,c man /& at s great a di/ance f 8 fell[s z to m\ld !m8 7,prelim9>y ex]cises !reto3-- #a4 ,to become a self-=m]1 an an*orite4 #b4 ,to d :at arti/s h done hi!rto1 i4e4 to rea* a small degree ( p]fection 9 a c]ta9 m$ium47 #gif4 ,art z x appe>s )\t ! arti/1 i4e4 z a body1 an organisation 7! ,prussian ,(fic]s' ,corps1 ! ,ord] ( ! ,jesuits74 ,to :at ext5t is ! arti/ m]ely a prelim9>y /age8 ,! _w reg>d$ z a self-g5]at+ "w ( art4 #gig4 ,! ph5om5on1 arti/1 is ! easie/ to see ?r\gh3 f x "o c look d[n ^u ! fundam5tal in/9cts ( p[]1 ( nature1 etc41 ev5 ( religion & morality4 ,play1 uselessness--z ! ideal ( him :o is ov]fl[+ ) p[]1 z ! ideal ( ! *ild4 ,! *ildi%ness ( ,god1 4 #gih4 ,apollonian1 ,dionysian4 ,!re are two conditions 9 :i* art manife/s itself 9 man ev5 z a =ce ( nature1 & disposes ( him :e!r he cons5t or n3 x may be z a con/ra9t to vision>y /ates1 or x may be an orgia/ic impulse4 ,bo? conditions are to be se5 9 normal life1 b !y are !n some:at weak]3 9 dreams & 9 mom5ts ( elation or intoxication4#i ,b ! same contra/ exi/s betwe5 ! dream /ate & ! /ate ( intoxication2 bo? ( ^! /ates let loose all mann] ( arti/ic p[]s )9 u1 b ea* unfett]s p[]s ( a diff]5t k9d4 ,dreaml& gives u ! p[] ( vision1 ( association1 ( poetry3 intoxication gives u ! p[] ( gr& attitudes1 ( passion1 ( song1 & ( dance4 ,footnote #i3 ,g]man3 ,raus*4--,!re is no ^w 9 ,engli% = ! ,g]man expression ,raus*4 ,:5 ,nietzs*e uses x1 he means a sort ( bl5d ( our two words3 intoxication & elation4--,tr4 #gii4 ,sexuality & voluptu\sness belong to ! ,dionysiac intoxication3 b nei!r ( !m is lack+ 9 ! ,apollonian /ate4 ,!re is also a diff]5ce ( tempo betwe5 ! /ates4444 ,! extreme peace ( c]ta9 feel+s ( intoxication 7or1 m /rictly1 ! slack5+ ( ! feel+ ( "t1 & ! r$uction ( ! feel+ ( space7 is wont to reflect itself 9 ! vision ( ! mo/ re/ful attitudes & /ates ( ! s\l4 ,! classical /yle ess5tially repres5ts repose1 simplification1 =e%ort5+1 & conc5tration--! highe/ feel+ ( p[] is conc5trat$ 9 ! classical type4 ,to react ) difficulty3 great consci\sness3 no feel+ ( /rife4 #hjj4 ,! feel+ ( intoxication is1 z a matt] ( fact1 equival5t to a s5sation ( surplus p[]3 x is /ronge/ 9 seasons ( rut3 new organs1 new accompli%m5ts1 new col\rs1 new =ms4 ,embelli%m5t is an outcome ( increas$ p[]4 ,embelli%m5t is m]ely an expression ( a triumphant w1 ( an increas$ /ate ( co-ord9ation1 ( a h>mony ( all ! /rong desires1 ( an infallible & p]p5dicul> equilibrium4 ,logical & geometrical simplification is ! result ( an increase ( p[]3 conv]sely1 ! m]e aspect ( su* a simplification increases ! s5se ( p[] 9 ! behold]4444 ,! z5i? ( developm5t3 ! gr& /yle4 ,ugl9ess signifies ! decad5ce ( a type3 contradiction & faulty co-ord9ation among ! inmo/ desires--?is means a decl9e 9 ! organis+ p[]1 or1 psy*ologically speak+1 9 ! w4 ,! condition ( pleasure :i* is call$ intoxication is really an exalt$ feel+ ( p[]4 444 ,s5sations ( space & "t are alt]$2 inord9ate di/ances are trav]s$ by ! eye1 & only !n become visible2 ! ext5sion ( ! vision ov] great] masses & expanses2 ! ref9em5t ( ! organ :i* appreh5ds ! smalle/ & mo/ elusive ?+s2 div9ation1 ! p[] ( und]/&+ at ! slighte/ h9t1 at ! smalle/ sugge/ion2 intellig5t s5sitiv5ess2 /r5g? z a feel+ ( dom9ion 9 ! muscles1 z agility & love ( movem5t1 z dance1 z levity & quick "t2 /r5g? z ! love ( prov+ /r5g?1 z bravado1 adv5tur\sness1 fe>lessness1 indiff]5ce 9 reg>d to life & dea?4444 ,all ^! elat$ mom5ts ( life /imulate ea* o!r2 ! _w ( images & ( imag9ation ( ! "o suffices z a sugge/ion = ! o!r3 9 ?is way /ates f9ally m]ge into ea* o!r1 :i* might d bett] to keep ap>t1 e4g4 ! feel+ ( religi\s intoxication & sexual irritability 7two v pr(\nd feel+s1 always wond]fully co-ord9at$4 ,:at is x t pleases almo/ all pi\s wom51 old or "y8 ,answ]3 a sa9t ) beautiful legs1 /ill "y1 /ill innoc5t74 ,cruelty 9 trag$y & pity 7likewise normally correlat$74 ,spr+-"t1 danc+1 music1 --all ^! ?+s are b ! display ( "o sex be=e ! o!r1--z also t inf9ite ye>n+ ( ! he>t peculi> to ,fau/4 ,arti/s :5 !y are wor? any?+ at all are m5 ( /rong prop5sities 7ev5 physically71 ) surplus en]gy1 p[]ful animals1 s5sual2 )\t a c]ta9 ov]heat+ ( ! sexual sy/em a man l ,raphael is un?9kable4444 ,to produce music is also 9 a s5se to produce *ildr52 *a/ity is m]ely ! economy ( ! arti/1 & 9 all creative arti/s productiv5ess c]ta9ly ceases ) sexual pot5cy4444 ,arti/s %\ld n see ?+s z !y are2 !y %\ld see !m full]1 simpl]1 /rong]3 to ?is end1 h[ev]1 a k9d ( y\?fulness1 ( v]nality1 a sort ( p]petual elation1 mu/ be peculi> to _! lives4 #hja4 ,! /ates 9 :i* we transfigure ?+s & make !m full]1 & rhapsodise ab\t !m1 until !y reflect our own fulness & love ( life back ^u u3 sexuality1 intoxication1 po/-pr&ial /ates1 spr+1 triumph ov] our enemies1 scorn1 bravado1 cruelty1 ! ec/asy ( religi\s feel+4 ,b ?ree elem5ts above all are active3 sexuality1 intoxication1 cruelty2 all ^! belong to ! olde/ fe/al joys ( mank9d1 !y also prepond]ate 9 budd+ arti/s4 ,conv]sely3 !re are ?+s ) :i* we meet :i* already %[ u ?is transfiguration & fulness1 & ! animal _w's response !reto is a /ate ( excitem5t 9 ! sph]es :]e ^! /ates ( happ9ess orig9ate4 ,a bl5d+ ( ^! v delicate %ades ( animal well-be+ & desires is ! /hetic /ate4 ,! latt] only manife/s itself 9 ^? natures :i* are capable ( t sp5d?rift & ov]fl[+ fulness ( bodily vig\r2 ! latt] is always ! primum mobile4 ,! sob]-m9d$ man1 ! tir$ man1 ! exhau/$ & dri$-up man 7e4g4 ! s*ol>71 c h no feel+ = art1 because he does n possess ! primitive =ce ( art1 :i* is ! tyranny ( inn] ri*es3 he :o _c give any?+ away _c feel any?+ ei!r4 ,p]fection--,9 ^! /ates 7m p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( sexual love7 !re is an +5u\s betrayal ( :at ! pr(\nde/ in/9ct reg>ds z ! highe/1 ! mo/ desirable1 ! mo/ valuable1 ! asc5d+ movem5t ( its type2 also ( ! condition t[>ds :i* x is actually /riv+4 ,p]fection3 ! extraord9>y expansion ( ?is in/9ct's feel+ ( p[]1 its ri*es1 its necess>y ov]fl[+ ( all banks4 #hjb4 ,art rem9ds u ( /ates ( physical vig\r3 x may be ! ov]fl[ & bur/+ =? ( bloom+ life 9 ! _w ( pictures & desires2 on ! o!r h&1 x may be an excitation ( ! physical functions by means ( pictures & desires ( exalt$ life--an enhancem5t ( ! feel+ ( life1 ! latt]'s /imulant4 ,to :at ext5t c ugl9ess ex]cise ?is p[]8 ,9 s f> z x may communicate some?+ ( ! triumphant en]gy ( ! arti/ :o has become ma/] ( ! ugly & ! repulsive2 or 9 s f> z x g5tly excites our lu/ ( cruelty 79 "s circum/ances ev5 ! lu/ ( do+ h>m to ourselves1 self-viol5ce1 & !re) ! feel+ ( p[] ov] ourselves74 #hjc4 ,beauty !re=e is1 to ! arti/1 some?+ :i* is above all ord] ( rank1 because 9 beauty contra/s are ov]come1 ! highe/ sign ( p[] ?us manife/+ itself 9 ! conque/ ( opposites2 & a*iev$ )\t a feel+ ( t5sion3 viol5ce be+ no long] necess>y1 ev]y?+ submitt+ & obey+ s easily1 & do+ s ) good grace2 ?is is :at delights ! p[]ful w ( ! arti/4 #hjd4 ,! biological value ( beauty & ugl9ess4 ,t :i* we feel in/9ctively oppos$ to u /hetically is1 accord+ to ! longe/ exp]i5ce ( mank9d1 felt to be h>mful1 dang]\s1 & wor?y ( suspicion3 ! sudd5 utt]ance ( ! /hetic in/9ct1 e4g4 9 ! case ( loa?+1 implies an act ( judgm5t4 ,to ?is ext5t beauty lies )9 ! g5]al category ( ! biological values1 useful1 b5efic5t1 & life-promot+3 ?us1 a ho/ ( /imuli :i* = ages h be5 associat$ )1 & rem9d u (1 useful ?+s & conditions1 give u ! feel+ ( beauty1 i4e4 ! increase ( ! feel+ ( p[] 7n only ?+s1 !re=e1 b ! s5sations :i* are associat$ ) su* ?+s or _! symbols74 ,9 ?is way beauty & ugl9ess are recognis$ z det]m9$ by our mo/ fundam5tal self-pres]vative values4 ,ap>t f ?is1 x is nons5se to po/ulate any?+ z beautiful or ugly4 ,absolute beauty exi/s j z little z absolute goodness & tru?4 ,9 a p>ticul> case x is a matt] ( ! self-pres]vative conditions ( a c]ta9 type ( man3 ?us ! greg>i\s man w h q a diff]5t feel+ = beauty f ! exceptional or sup]-man4 ,x is ! optics ( ?+s 9 ! =egr\nd :i* only consid] imm$iate consequ5ces1 f :i* ! value beauty 7also goodness & tru?7 arises4 ,all in/9ctive judgm5ts are %ort-sight$ 9 reg>d to ! concat5ation ( consequ5ces3 !y m]ely advise :at mu/ be done =?)4 ,reason is ess5tially an ob/ruct+ app>atus prev5t+ ! imm$iate response to in/9ctive judgm5ts3 x halts1 x calculates1 x traces ! *a9 ( consequ5ces fur!r4 ,judgm5ts conc]n+ beauty & ugl9ess are %ort-sight$ 7reason is always oppos$ to !m73 b !y are conv9c+ 9 ! highe/ degree2 !y appeal to our in/9cts 9 t qu>t] :]e ! latt] decide mo/ quickly & say yes or no ) lea/ hesitation1 ev5 be=e reason c int]pose4 ,! mo/ common affirmations ( beauty /imulate ea* o!r reciprocally2 :]e ! /hetic impulse once beg9s to "w1 a :ole ho/ ( o!r & =eign p]fections cry/allise ar\nd ! p>ticul> =m ( beauty4 ,x is impossible to rema9 objective1 x is c]ta9ly impossible to disp5se ) ! int]pret+1 be/[+1 transfigur+1 & poetis+ p[] 7! latt] is a /r++ toge!r ( affirmations conc]n+ beauty itself74 ,! sight ( a beautiful woman4444 ,?us 7#a7 judgm5t conc]n+ beauty is %ort-sight$2 x sees only ! imm$iate consequ5ces4 7#b7 ,x smo!rs ! object :i* gives rise to x ) a *>m t is det]m9$ by ! association ( v>i\s judgm5ts conc]n+ beauty1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are q ali5 to ! ess5ce ( ! p>ticul> object4 ,to reg>d a ?+ z beautiful is necess>ily to reg>d x falsely 7t is :y incid5tally love m>riages are f ! social po9t ( view ! mo/ unreasonable =m ( matrimony74 #hje4 ,conc]n+ ! g5esis ( ,art4 ,t mak+ p]fect & see+ p]fect1 :i* is peculi> to ! c]ebral sy/em ov]lad5 ) sexual en]gy 7a lov] alone ) 8 swee!>t at ev5tide transfigures ! smalle/ details3 life is a *a9 ( sublime ?+s1 ! mis=tune ( an unhappy love affair is m valuable ?an any?+ else72 on ! o!r h&1 ev]y?+ p]fect & beautiful op]ates l an unconsci\s recollection ( t amor\s condition & ( ! po9t ( view peculi> to x--all p]fection1 & ! :ole ( ! beauty ( ?+s1 ?r\gh contiguity1 revives aphrodisiac bliss4 7,physiologically x is ! creative in/9ct ( ! arti/ & ! di/ribution ( 8 sem5 9 8 blood47 ,! desire = art & beauty is an indirect long+ = ! ec/asy2 ( sexual desire1 :i* gets communicat$ to ! bra94 ,! _w become p]fect ?r\gh love4 #hjf4 ,s5suality 9 its v>i\s disguises4--7#a7 ,z idealism 7,plato71 common to y\?1 con/ruct+ a k9d ( concave-mirror 9 :i* ! image ( ! belov$ is an incru/ation1 an exagg]ation1 a transfiguration1 an attribution ( inf9ity to ev]y?+4 7#b7 ,9 ! religion ( love1 a f9e "y man1 a beautiful woman1 9 "s way div9e2 a bridegroom1 a bride ( ! s\l4 7#c7 ,9 art1 z a decorat+ =ce1 e4g4 j z ! man sees ! woman & makes h] a pres5t ( ev]y?+ t c enhance h] p]sonal *>m1 s ! s5suality ( ! arti/ adorns an object ) ev]y?+ else t he hon\rs & e/eems1 & by ?is means p]fects x 7or idealises x74 ,woman1 kn[+ :at man feels 9 reg>d to h]1 tries to meet 8 idealis+ endeav\rs half-way by decorat+ h]self1 by walk+ & danc+ well1 by express+ delicate ?\ghts3 9 addition1 %e may practise mode/y1 %yness1 res]ve--prompt$ by h] in/9ctive feel+ t ! idealis+ p[] ( man increases ) all ?is1 7,9 ! extraord9>y f9esse ( woman's in/9cts1 mode/y mu/ n by any means be consid]$ z consci\s hypocrisy3 %e guesses t x is precisely artlessness & real %ame :i* s$uces man mo/ & urges him to an exagg]at$ e/eem ( h]4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 woman is +5u\s1 ow+ to ! subtlety ( h] in/9cts :i* reveal to h] ! utility ( a /ate ( innoc5ce4 ,a wilful clos+ ( "o's eyes to "o's self4444 ,:]ev] dissembl+ has a /rong] influ5ce by be+ unconsci\s x actually becomes unconsci\s47 #hjg4 ,:at a ho/ ( ?+s c be accompli%$ by ! /ate ( intoxication :i* is call$ by ! "n ( love1 & :i* is some?+ else besides love6--,& yet ev]ybody has 8 own exp]i5ce ( ?is matt]4 ,! muscul> /r5g? ( a girl sudd5ly increases z soon z a man comes into h] pres5ce3 !re are in/rum5ts ) :i* ?is c be measur$4 ,9 ! case ( a /ill clos] relation%ip ( ! sexes1 z1 = in/ance1 9 danc+ & 9 o!r amusem5ts :i* society ga!r+s entail1 ?is p[] increases to su* an ext5t z to make real feats ( /r5g? possible3 at la/ "o no long] tru/s ei!r "o's eyes1 or "o's wat*6 ,"h at all ev5ts we mu/ reckon ) ! fact t danc+ itself1 l e =m ( rapid movem5t1 involves a k9d ( intoxication ( ! :ole n]v\s1 muscul>1 & visc]al sy/em4 ,we mu/ !re=e reckon 9 ?is case ) ! collective effects ( a d\ble intoxication4--,& h[ clev] x is to be a little (f y\r head at times6 ,!re are "s realities :i* we _c admit ev5 to ourselves3 especially :52 we are wom5 & h all sorts ( fem99e1 pudeurs4444,^? "y creatures danc+ ov] !re are obvi\sly beyond all reality3 !y are danc+ only ) a ho/ ( tangible ideals3 :at is m1 !y ev5 see ideals sitt+ ar\nd !m1 _! mo!rs6444 ,an opportunity = quot+ ,fau/4 ,!y look incomp>ably fair]1 d ^! pretty creatures1 :5 !y h lo/ _! head a little2 & h[ well !y "k x too1 !y are ev5 m delightful because !y "k x6 ,la/ly1 x is _! f9]y :i* inspires !m2 _! f9]y is _! ?ird little intoxication4 ,!y believe 9 _! dressmak] z 9 _! ,god3 & :o w\ld de/roy ?is fai? 9 !m8 ,bless$ is ?is fai?6 ,& self-admiration is heal?y6 ,self-admiration c protect "o ev5 f cold6 ,has a beautiful woman1 :o knew %e 0 well-dress$1 ev] caught cold8 ,nev] yet on ?is e>?6 ,i ev5 suppose a case 9 :i* %e has sc>cely a rag on h]4 #hjh4 ,if "o %\ld require ! mo/ a/oni%+ pro( ( h[ f> ! p[] ( transfigur+1 :i* comes ( intoxication1 goes1 ?is pro( is at h& 9 ! ph5om5on ( love2 or :at is call$ love 9 all ! languages & sil5ces ( ! _w4 ,intoxication works to su* a degree ^u reality 9 ?is passion t 9 ! consci\sness ( ! lov] ! cause ( 8 love is q suppress$1 & some?+ else seems to take its place1--a vibration & a glitt] ( all ! *>m-mirrors ( ,circe4444 ,9 ?is respect to be man or an animal makes no diff]5ce3 & /ill less does _s1 goodness1 or hone/y4 ,if "o is a/ute1 "o is befool$ a/utely2 if "o is ?ick-head$1 "o is befool$ 9 a ?ick-head$ way4 ,b love1 ev5 ! love ( ,god1 sa9tly love1 ! love t saves ! s\l1 are at bottom all "o2 !y are no?+ b a fev] :i* has reasons to transfigure itself--a /ate ( intoxication :i* does well to lie ab\t itself4444 ,&1 at any rate1 :5 a man loves1 he is a good li> ab\t himself & to himself3 he seems to himself transfigur$1 /rong]1 ri*]1 m p]fect2 he is m p]fect4444 ,art "h acts z an organic function3 we f9d x pres5t 9 ! mo/ angelic in/9ct love2 we f9d x z ! greate/ /imulus ( life--?us art is sublimely utilit>ian1 ev5 9 ! fact t x lies4444 ,b we %\ld be wrong to halt at its p[] to lie3 x does m ?an m]ely imag9e2 x actually transposes values4 ,& x n only transposes ! feel+ = values3 ! lov] actually has a great] value2 he is /rong]4 ,9 animals ?is condition gives rise to new weapons1 col\rs1 pigm5ts1 & =ms1 & above all to new movem5ts1 new rhy?ms1 new love-calls & s$uctions4 ,9 man x is j ! same4 ,8 :ole economy is ri*]1 mighti]1 & m complete :5 he is 9 love ?an :5 he is n4 ,! lov] becomes a sp5d?rift2 he is ri* en\gh = x4 ,he n[ d>es2 he becomes an adv5tur]1 & ev5 a donkey 9 magnanimity & innoc5ce2 8 belief 9 ,god & 9 virtue revives1 because he believes 9 love4 ,moreov]1 su* idiots ( happ9ess acquire w+s & new capacities1 & ev5 ! door to art is op5$ to !m4 ,if we cancel ! sugge/ion ( ?is inte/9al fev] f ! lyric ( tones & words1 :at is left to poetry & music8 444 ,l'art p\r l'art p]haps2 ! pr(essional cant ( frogs %iv]+ outside 9 ! cold1 & dy+ ( despair 9 _! swamp4444 ,ev]y?+ else 0 creat$ by love4 #hji4 ,all art works l a sugge/ion on ! muscles & ! s5ses :i* 7 orig9ally active 9 ! +5u\s arti/ic man2 its voice is only he>d by arti/s--x speaks to ?is k9d ( man1 ^: con/itution is attun$ to su* subtlety 9 s5sitiv5ess4 ,! concept layman is a misnom]4 ,! deaf man is n a subdivision ( ! class1 ^: e>s are s\nd4 ,all art works z a tonic2 x increases /r5g?1 x k9dles desire 7i4e4 ! feel+ ( /r5g?71 x excites all ! m subtle recollections ( intoxication2 !re is actually a special k9d ( memory :i* und]lies su* /ates--a di/ant flitful _w ( s5sations "h returns to be+4 ,ugl9ess is ! contradiction ( art4 ,x is t :i* art excludes1 ! negation ( art3 :]ev] decl9e1 impov]i%m5t ( life1 impot5ce1 decomposition1 dissolution1 are felt1 h[ev] remotely1 ! /hetic man reacts ) 8 ,no4 ,ugl9ess depresses3 x is ! sign ( depression4 ,x robs /r5g?1 x impov]i%es1 x weighs d[n1 444 ,ugl9ess sugge/s repulsive ?+s4 ,f "o's /ates ( heal? "o c te/ h[ an indisposition may increase "o's p[] ( fancy+ ugly ?+s4 ,"o's selection ( ?+s1 int]e/s1 & que/ions becomes diff]5t4 ,logic provides a /ate :i* is next ( k9 to ugl9ess3 heav9ess1 bluntness4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ugl9ess equilibrium is lack+ 9 a me*anical s5se3 ugl9ess limps & /umbles--! direct opposite ( ! godly agility ( ! danc]4 ,! /hetic /ate repres5ts an ov]fl[ ( means ( communication z well z a condition ( extreme s5sibility to /imuli & signs4 ,x is ! z5i? ( communion & transmission betwe5 liv+ creatures2 x is ! s\rce ( languages4 ,9 x1 languages1 :e!r ( signs1 s\nds1 or glances1 h _! bir?place4 ,! ri*] ph5om5on is always ! beg9n+3 our abilities are subtilis$ =ms ( ri*] abilities4 ,b ev5 to-day we /ill li/5 ) our muscles1 we ev5 read ) our muscles4 ,e mature art possesses a ho/ ( conv5tions z a basis3 9 s f> z x is a language4 ,conv5tion is a condition ( great art1 n an ob/acle to x4444 ,e elevation ( life likewise elevates ! p[] ( communication1 z also ! und]/&+ ( man4 ,! p[] ( liv+ 9 o!r p's s\ls orig9ally _h no?+ to d ) morality1 b ) a physiological irritability ( sugge/ion3 sympa?y1 or :at is call$ altruism1 is m]ely a product ( t psy*o-motor relation%ip :i* is reckon$ z spirituality 7psy*o-motor induction1 says ,*>les ,fr74 ,p nev] communicate a ?\ght to "o ano!r3 !y communicate a movem5t1 an imitative sign :i* is !n int]pret$ z a ?\ght4 #haj4 ,comp>$ ) music1 communication by means ( words is a %ameless mode ( proc$ure2 words r$uce & /ultify2 words make imp]sonal2 words make common t :i* is uncommon4 #haa4 ,x is exceptional /ates t det]m9e ! arti/--su* /ates z are all intimately relat$ & entw9$ ) morbid symptoms1 s t x w\ld seem almo/ impossible to be an arti/ )\t be+ ill4 ,! physiological conditions :i* 9 ! arti/ become m\ld$ into a p]sonality1 & :i*1 to a c]ta9 degree1 may atta* !mselves to any man3-- 7#a7 ,intoxication1 ! feel+ ( enhanc$ p[]2 ! inn] compulsion to make ?+s a mirror ( "o's own fulness & p]fection4 7#b7 ,! extreme %>pness ( c]ta9 s5ses1 s t !y are capable ( und]/&+ a totally diff]5t language ( signs--& to create su* a language 7?is is a condition :i* manife/s itself 9 "s n]v\s diseases72 extreme susceptibility out ( :i* great p[]s ( communion are develop$2 ! desire to speak on ! "p ( ev]y?+ t is capable ( mak+-signs2 a ne$ ( be+ rid ( "o's self by means ( ge/ures & attitudes2 ! ability ( speak+ ab\t "o's self 9 a hundr$ diff]5t languages--9 fact1 a /ate ( explosion4 ,"o mu/ fir/ imag9e ?is condition z "o 9 :i* !re is a press+ & compulsory desire ( ridd+ "o's self ( ! ec/asy ( a /ate ( t5sion1 by all k9ds ( muscul> "w & movem5t2 also z an involunt>y co-ord9ation ( ^! movem5ts ) inn] processes 7images1 ?\ghts1 desires7--z a k9d ( automatism ( ! :ole muscul> sy/em "u ! compulsion ( /rong /imuli act+ f )92 ! inability to resi/ reaction2 ! app>atus ( resi/ance is also susp5d$4 ,e inn] movem5t 7feel+1 ?\ght1 emotion7 is accompani$ by vascul> *anges1 & consequ5tly by *anges 9 col\r1 temp]ature1 & secretion4 ,! sugge/ive p[] ( music1 its sugge/ion m5tale4 7#c7 ,! compulsion to imitate3 extreme irritability1 by means ( :i* a c]ta9 example becomes contagi\s--a condition is guess$ & repres5t$ m]ely by means ( a few signs4444 ,a complete picture is visualis$ by "o's inn] consci\sness1 & its effect soon %[s itself 9 ! movem5t ( ! limbs1--9 a c]ta9 susp5sion ( ! w 7,s*op5hau]666674 ,a sort ( bl9dness & deafness t[>ds ! ext]nal _w1--! realm ( admitt$ /imuli is %>ply def9$4 ,?is diff]5tiates ! arti/ f ! layman 7f ! spectator ( art73 ! latt] rea*es ! height ( 8 excitem5t 9 ! m]e act ( appreh5d+3 ! =m] 9 giv+--& 9 su* a way t ! antagonism betwe5 ^! two gifts is n only natural b ev5 desirable4 ,ea* ( ^! /ates has an opposite /&po9t--to dem& ( ! arti/ t he %\ld h ! po9t ( view ( ! spectator 7( ! critic7 is equival5t to ask+ him to impov]i% 8 creative p[]4444 ,9 ?is respect ! same diff]5ce holds good z t :i* exi/s betwe5 ! sexes3 "o %\ld n ask ! arti/ :o gives to become a woman--to receive4 ,our /hetics h hi!rto be5 wom5's /hetics1 inasmu* z !y h only =mulat$ ! exp]i5ces ( :at is beautiful1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! receiv]s 9 art4 ,9 ! :ole ( philosophy hi!rto ! arti/ has be5 lack+ 444 i4e4 z we h already sugge/$1 a necess>y fault3 = ! arti/ :o w\ld beg9 to und]/& himself w\ld !re) beg9 to mi/ake himself--he mu/ n look backw>ds1 he mu/ n look at all2 he mu/ give4--,x is an hon\r = an arti/ to h no critical faculty2 if he c criticise he is m$iocre1 he is mod]n4 #hab4 ,"h ,i lay d[n a s]ies ( psy*ological /ates z signs ( fl\ri%+ & complete life1 :i* to-day we are 9 ! habit ( reg>d+ z morbid4 ,b1 by ?is "t1 we h brok5 ourselves ( ! habit ( speak+ ( heal?y & morbid z opposites3 ! "q is "o ( degree1 :at ,i ma9ta9 on ?is po9t is t :at p call heal?y n[adays repres5ts a l[] level ( t :i* "u fav\rable circum/ances actually w\ld be heal?y--t we are relatively sick4444 ,! arti/ belongs to a mu* /rong] race4 ,t :i* 9 u w\ld be h>mful & sickly1 is natural 9 him4 ,b p object to ?is t x is precisely ! impov]i%m5t ( ! ma*9e :i* r5d]s ?is extraord9>y p[] ( compreh5d+ e k9d ( sugge/ion possible3 e4g4 our hy/]ical females4 ,an ov]fl[ ( spunk & en]gy may q z well lead to symptoms ( p>tial con/ra9t1 s5se halluc9ations1 p]iph]al s5sitiv5ess1 z a poor vitality does--! /imuli are diff]5tly det]m9$1 ! effect is ! same4444 ,:at is n ! same is above all ! ultimate result2 ! extreme torpidity ( all morbid natures1 aft] _! n]v\s ecc5tricities1 has no?+ 9 common ) ! /ates ( ! arti/1 :o ne$ 9 no wise rep5t 8 be/ mom5ts4444 ,he is ri* en\gh = x all3 he c squ&] )\t becom+ poor4 ,j z we n[ feel ju/ifi$ 9 judg+ g5ius z a =m ( neurosis1 we may p]haps ?9k ! same ( arti/ic sugge/ive p[]1--& our arti/s are1 z a matt] ( fact1 only too closely relat$ to hy/]ical females666 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only an argum5t aga9/ ! pres5t day1 & n aga9/ arti/s 9 g5]al4 ,! in>ti/ic /ates are3 objectivity1 reflection susp5sion ( ! w 444 7,s*op5hau]'s sc&al\s misund]/&+ consi/$ 9 reg>d+ art z a m]e bridge to ! d5ial ( life7444 ,! in>ti/ic /ates are3 ^? :i* impov]i%1 :i* subtract1 :i* blea*1 "u :i* life suff]s--! ,*ri/ian4 #hac4 ,! mod]n arti/ :o1 9 8 physiology1 is next ( k9 to ! hy/]ic1 may also be classifi$ z a "* belong+ to ?is /ate ( morbidness4 ,! hy/]ic is false1--he lies f ! love ( ly+1 he is admirable 9 all ! arts ( dissimulation1--unless 8 morbid vanity hood-w9k him4 ,?is vanity is l a p]petual fev] :i* is 9 ne$ ( /upefy+ drugs1 & :i* recoils f no self-deception & no f>ce t promises x ! mo/ fleet+ satisfaction4 7,! incapacity = pride & ! ne$ ( cont9ual rev5ge = 8 deep-root$ self-contempt1 ?is is almo/ ! def9ition ( ?is man's vanity47 ,! absurd irritability ( 8 sy/em1 :i* makes a crisis out ( e "o ( 8 exp]i5ces1 & sees dramatic elem5ts 9 ! mo/ insignificant occurr5ces ( life1 deprives him ( all calm reflection2 he ceases f be+ a p]sonality1 at mo/ he is a r5dezv\s ( p]sonalities ( :i* fir/ "o & !n ! o!r ass]ts itself ) b>efac$ assurance4 ,precisely on ?is acc\nt he is great z an actor i all ^! poor w-less p1 :om doctors /udy s pr(\ndly1 a/\nd "o ?r\gh _! virtuosity 9 mimick+1 9 transfiguration1 9 _! assumption ( almo/ any "* requir$4 #had4 ,arti/s are n m5 ( great passion1 despite all _! ass]tions to ! contr>y bo? to !mselves & to o!rs4 ,& = ! foll[+ two reasons3 !y lack all %yness t[>ds !mselves 7!y wat* !mselves live1 !y spy ^u !mselves1 !y are mu* too inquisitive71 & !y also lack %yness 9 ! pres5ce ( passion 7z arti/s !y exploit x74 ,secondly1 h[ev]1 t vampire1 _! tal5t1 g5]ally =bids !m su* an exp5diture ( en]gy z passion dem&s4--,a man1 :o has a tal5t is sacrific$ to t tal5t2 he lives "u ! vampirism ( 8 tal5t4 ,a man does n get rid ( 8 passion by reproduc+ x1 b r he is rid ( x if he is able to reproduce x4 7,goe! tea*es ! rev]se1 b x seems z ?\gh he delib]ately misund]/ood himself "h--f a s5se ( delicacy47 #hae4 ,conc]n+ a reasonable mode ( life4--4,relative1 *a/ity1 a fundam5tal & %rewd caution 9 reg>d to erotica1 ev5 9 ?\ght1 may be a reasonable mode ( life ev5 9 ri*ly equipp$ & p]fect natures4 ,b ?is pr9ciple applies m p>ticul>ly to arti/s2 x belongs to ! be/ wisdom ( _! lives4 ,:olly tru/wor?y voices h already be5 rais$ 9 fav\r ( ?is view1 e4g4 ,/5dhal1 ,?4 ,gauti]1 & ,flaub]t4 ,! arti/ is p]haps 9 8 way necess>ily a s5sual man1 g5]ally susceptible1 accessible to ev]y?+1 & capable ( respond+ to ! remote/ /imulus or sugge/ion ( a /imulus4 ,nev]!less1 z a rule he is 9 ! p[] ( 8 "w1 ( 8 w to ma/]%ip1 really a sob] & (t5 ev5 a *a/e man4 ,8 dom9at+ in/9ct w h him s3 x does n all[ him to sp5d himself haphaz>dly4 ,x is "o & ! same =m ( /r5g? :i* is sp5t 9 arti/ic conception & 9 ! sexual act3 !re is only "o =m ( /r5g?4 ,! arti/ :o yields 9 ?is respect1 & :o sp5ds himself1 is betray$3 by s do+ he reveals 8 lack ( in/9ct1 8 lack ( w 9 g5]al4 ,x may be a sign ( decad5ce1--9 any case x r$uces ! value ( 8 art to an incalculable degree4 #haf4 ,comp>$ ) ! arti/1 ! sci5tific man1 reg>d$ z a ph5om5on1 is inde$ a sign ( a c]ta9 /or+-up & levell+-d[n ( life 7b also ( an increase ( /r5g?1 sev]ity1 h>dness1 & w-p[]74 ,to :at ext5t c falsity & indiff]5ce t[>ds tru? & utility be a sign ( y\?1 ( *ildi%ness1 9 ! arti/8 444 ,_! habitual mann]1 _! unreasonabl5ess1 _! ignorance ( !mselves1 _! indiff]5ce to et]nal values1 _! s]i\sness 9 play1 _! lack ( dignity2 cl[ns & gods 9 "o2 ! sa9t & ! rabble4444 ,imitation z an imp]i\s in/9ct4--,d n arti/s ( asc5d+ life & arti/s ( deg5]ation belong to all phases8 444 ,yes6 #hag4 ,w\ld any l9k be miss+ 9 ! :ole *a9 ( sci5ce & art1 if woman1 if woman's "w1 7 exclud$ f x8 ,let u ackn[l$ge ! exception--x proves ! rule--t woman is capable ( p]fection 9 ev]y?+ :i* does n con/itute a "w3 9 lett]s1 9 memoirs1 9 ! mo/ intricate h&iwork--9 %ort1 9 ev]y?+ :i* is n a craft2 & j precisely because 9 ! ?+s m5tion$ woman p]fects h]self1 because 9 !m %e obeys ! only arti/ic impulse 9 h] nature1--:i* is to captivate4444 ,b :at has woman to d ) ! passionate indiff]5ce ( ! g5u9e arti/ :o sees m importance 9 a brea?1 9 a s\nd1 9 ! m]e/ trifle1 ?an 9 himself8--:o ) all 8 five f+]s gropes = 8 mo/ secret & hidd5 treasures8--:o attributes no value to any?+ unless x kn[s h[ to take %ape 7unless x surr5d]s itself1 unless x visualises itself 9 "s way74 ,art z x is practis$ by arti/s--d y n und]/& :at x is8 is x n an outrage on all our pudeurs8 444 ,only 9 ?is c5tury has woman d>$ to try h] h& at lit]ature 7,v]s la canaille plumire crivassire1 to speak ) old ,mirabeau73 woman n[ writes1 %e n[ pa9ts1 %e is los+ h] in/9cts4 ,& to :at purpose1 if "o may put su* a "q8 #hah4 ,a man is an arti/ to ! ext5t to :i* he reg>ds ev]y?+ t in>ti/ic p call =m z ! actual sub/ance1 z ! pr9cipal ?+4 ,) su* ideas a man c]ta9ly belongs to a _w upside d[n3 = h5ce=w>d sub/ance seems to him some?+ m]ely =mal1--8 own life includ$4 #hai4 ,a s5se =1 & a delight 91 nuances 7:i* is *>act]i/ic ( mod]nity71 9 t :i* is n g5]al1 runs c\nt] to ! in/9ct :i* f9ds its joy & its /r5g? 9 grasp+ :at is typical3 l ,greek ta/e 9 its be/ p]iod4 ,9 ?is !re is an ov]com+ ( ! pl5itude ( life2 re/ra9t dom9ates1 ! peace ( ! /rong s\l :i* is sl[ to move & :i* feels a c]ta9 repugnance t[>ds excessive activity is defeat$4 ,! g5]al rule1 ! law1 is hon\r$ & made prom95t1 conv]sely1 ! exception is laid aside1 & %ades are suppress$4 ,all t :i* is firm1 mighty1 solid1 life re/+ on a broad & p[]ful basis1 conceal+ its /r5g? ?is pleases3 i4e4 x corresponds ) :at we ?9k ( ourselves4 #hbj4 ,9 ! ma9 ,i am mu* m 9 fav\r ( arti/s ?an any philosoph] t has appe>$ hi!rto3 arti/s1 at lea/1 did n lose sight ( ! great c\rse :i* life pursues2 !y lov$ ! ?+s ( ?is _w1--!y lov$ _! s5ses4 ,to /rive aft] spirituality1 9 cases :]e ?is is n pure hypocrisy or self-deception1 seems to me to be ei!r a misund]/&+1 a disease1 or a cure1 ,i wi% myself1 & all ^? :o live )\t ! tr\bles ( a puritanical consci5ce1 & :o are able to live 9 ?is way1 an ev] great] spiritualisation & multiplication ( ! s5ses4 ,inde$1 we w\ld fa9 be grateful to ! s5ses = _! subtlety1 p[]1 & pl5itude1 & on t acc\nt (f] !m ! be/ we h 9 ! way ( _s4 ,:at d we c>e ab\t prie/ly & metaphysical ana!mas ^u ! s5ses8 ,we no long] require to treat !m 9 ?is way3 x is a sign ( well-con/itut$ness :5 a man l ,goe! cl+s ) ev] great] joy & he>t9ess to ! ?+s ( ?is _w--9 ?is way he holds firmly to ! gr& concept ( mank9d1 :i* is t man becomes ! glorify+ p[] ( exi/5ce :5 he le>ns to glorify himself4 #hba4 ,pessimism 9 art8--,! arti/ gradually le>ns to l = _! own sake1 ^? means :i* br+ ab\t ! condition ( /hetic elation2 extreme delicacy & glory ( col\r1 def9ite del9eation1 quality ( tone2 di/9ctness :]e 9 normal conditions di/9ctness is abs5t4 ,all di/9ct ?+s1 all nuances1 9 s f> z !y recall extreme degrees ( p[] :i* give rise to intoxication1 k9dle ?is feel+ ( intoxication by association2--! effect ( works ( art is ! excitation ( ! /ate :i* creates art1 ( /hetic intoxication4 ,! ess5tial feature 9 art is its p[] ( p]fect+ exi/5ce1 its production ( p]fection & pl5itude2 art is ess5tially ! affirmation1 ! bless+1 & ! deification ( exi/5ce4444 ,:at does a pessimi/ic art signify8 ,is x n a contradictio8--,yes4--,s*op5hau] is 9 error :5 he makes c]ta9 works ( art s]ve ! purpose ( pessimism4 ,trag$y does n tea* resignation4 444 ,to repres5t t]rible & que/ionable ?+s is1 9 itself1 ! sign ( an in/9ct ( p[] & magnific5ce 9 ! arti/2 he doesn't fe> !m4444 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a pessimi/ic1 art4444 ,art affirms4 ,job affirms4 ,b ,zola8 & ! ,gonc\rts8--! ?+s !y %[ u are ugly1 _! reason1 h[ev]1 = %[+ !m to u is _! love ( ugl9ess 444 ,i don't c>e :at y say6 ,y simply deceive y\rselves if y ?9k o!rwise4--,:at a relief ,do/oievsky is6 #hbb4 ,if ,i h suffici5tly initiat$ my read]s into ! doctr9e t ev5 goodness1 9 ! :ole com$y ( exi/5ce1 repres5ts a =m ( exhau/ion1 !y w n[ cr$it ,*ri/ianity ) consi/5cy = hav+ conceiv$ ! good to be ! ugly4 ,9 ?is respect ,*ri/ianity 0 "r4 ,x is absolutely unwor?y ( a philosoph] to say t ! good & ! beautiful are "o2 if he %\ld add & also ! true1 he des]ves to be ?ra%$4 ,tru? is ugly4 ,art is ) u 9 ord] t we may n p]i% ?r\gh tru?4 #hbc4 ,moralis+ t5d5cies may be combat$ ) art4 ,art is fre$om f moral bigotry & philosophy la ,little ,jack ,horn]3 or x may be ! mock]y ( ^! ?+s4 ,! flight to ,nature1 :]e beauty & t]ribl5ess are c\pl$4 ,! concept ( ! great man4 --,fragile1 useless s\ls-de-luxe1 :i* are disconc]t$ by a m]e brea? ( w9d1 beautiful s\ls4 --,anci5t ideals1 9 _! inexorable h>dness & brutality1 ought to be awak5$1 z ! mightie/ ( mon/]s t !y are4 --,we %\ld feel a boi/]\s delight 9 ! psy*ological p]ception ( h[ all moralis$ arti/s become worms & actors )\t kn[+ x4 --,! falsity ( art1 its immorality1 mu/ be br\ght into ! light ( day4 --,! fundam5tal idealis+ p[]s 7s5suality1 intoxication1 excessive animality7 %\ld be br\ght to light4 #hbd4 ,mod]n c\nt]feit practices 9 ! arts3 reg>d$ z necess>y--t is to say1 z fully 9 keep+ ) ! ne$s mo/ prop] to ! mod]n s\l4 ,! gaps 9 ! gifts1 & /ill m 9 ! education1 antec$5ts1 & s*ool+ ( mod]n arti/s1 are n[ fill$ up 9 ?is way3-- ,fir/3 ,a less arti/ic public is s\ght :i* is capable ( unlimit$ love 7& is capable ( fall+ on its knees be=e a p]sonality74 ,! sup]/ition ( our c5tury1 ! belief 9 g5ius1 assi/s ?is process4 ,secondly2 ,arti/s h>angue ! d>k in/9cts ( ! dissatisfi$1 ! ambiti\s1 & ! self-deceiv]s ( a democratic age3 ! importance ( poses4 ,?irdly3 ,! proc$ures ( "o art are transf]r$ to ! realm ( ano!r2 ! object ( art is conf\nd$ ) t ( sci5ce1 ) t ( ! ,*ur*1 or ) t ( ! int]e/s ( ! race 7nationalism71 or ) t ( philosophy--a man r+s all bells at once1 & awak5s ! vague suspicion t he is a god4 ,f\r?ly3 ,arti/s flatt] wom51 suff]]s1 & indignant folk4 ,n>cotics & opiates are made to prepond]ate 9 art4 ,! fancy ( cultur$ p1 & ( ! read]s ( poetry & anci5t hi/ory1 is tickl$4 #hbe4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! public & ! select2 to satisfy ! public a man mu/ be a *>latan to-day1 to satisfy ! select he w be a virtuoso & no?+ else4 ,! g5iuses peculi> to our c5tury ov]came ?is di/9ction1 !y 7 great = bo?2 ! great *>latanry ( ,victor ,hugo & ,ri*>d ,wagn] 0 c\pl$ ) su* g5u9e virtuosity t x ev5 satisfi$ ! mo/ ref9$ arti/ic connoisseurs4 ,?is is :y greatness is lack+3 ^! g5iuses _h a d\ble outlook2 fir/1 !y cat]$ = ! co>se/ ne$s1 & !n = ! mo/ ref9$4 #hbf4 ,false acc5tuation3 7#a7 ,9 romanticism1 ?is unremitt+ expressivo is n a sign ( /r5g?1 b ( a feel+ ( defici5cy2 7#b7 ,picturesque music1 ! s-call$ dramatic k9d1 is above all easi] 7z is also ! brutal sc&almong]+ & ! juxtaposition ( facts & traits 9 reali/ic novels72 7#c7 ,passion z a matt] ( n]ves & exhau/$ s\ls2 likewise ! delight 9 high m\nta9s1 des]ts1 /orms1 orgies1 & disgu/+ details1--9 bulk9ess & massiv5ess 7hi/orians1 = in/ance72 z a matt] ( fact1 !re is actually a cult ( exagg]at$ feel+s 7h[ is x t 9 /rong] ages art desir$ j ! opposite--a re/ra9t ( passion872 7#d7 ,! pref]5ce = excit+ mat]ials 7,erotica or ,sociali/ica or ,pa?ologica73 all ^! ?+s are ! signs ( ! /yle ( public t is be+ cat]$ = to-day--t is to say1 = ov]work$1 abs5tm9d$1 or enfeebl$ p4 ,su* p mu/ be tyrannis$ ov] 9 ord] to be affect$4 #hbg4 ,mod]n art is ! art ( tyrannis+4 ,a co>se & sali5t def9it5ess 9 del9eation2 ! motive simplifi$ into a =mula2 =mul tyrannise4 ,wild arabesques )9 ! l9es2 ov]:elm+ masses1 be=e :i* ! s5ses are confus$2 brutality 9 coloration1 9 subject-matt]1 9 ! desires4 ,examples3 ,zola1 ,wagn]1 &1 9 a m spiritualis$ degree1 ,ta9e4 ,h5ce logic1 massiv5ess1 & brutality4 #hbh4 ,9 reg>d to ! pa9t]3 ,t\s ces mod]nes sont des potes qui ont v\lu tre pe9tres1 ,l'un a *]* des drames dans l'hi/oire1 l'autre des scnes de murs1 celui ci traduit des religions1 celui l une philosophie4 ,"o imitates ,raphael1 ano!r ! e>ly ,italian ma/]s4 ,! l&scapi/s employ trees & cl\ds 9 ord] to make odes & elegies4 ,n "o is simply a pa9t]2 !y are all ar*ologi/s1 psy*ologi/s1 & impres>ios ( "o or ano!r k9d ( ev5t or !ory4 ,!y enjoy our erudition & our philosophy4 ,l u1 !y are full1 & too full1 ( g5]al ideas4 ,!y l a =m1 n because x is :at x is1 b because ( :at x expresses4 ,!y are ! scions ( a le>n$1 torm5t$1 & reflect+ g5]ation1 a ?\s& miles away f ! ,old ,ma/]s :o nev] read1 & only conc]n$ !mselves ) fea/+ _! eyes4 #hbi4 ,at bottom1 ev5 ,wagn]'s music1 9 s f> z x /&s = ! :ole ( ,fr5* romanticism1 is lit]ature3 ! *>m ( exoticism 7/range times1 cu/oms1 passions71 ex]cis$ ^u s5sitive cosy-corn] p4 ,! delight ( ent]+ into extremely di/ant & prehi/oric l&s to :i* books lead "o1 & by :i* means ! :ole horizon is pa9t$ ) new col\rs & new possibilities4444 ,dreams ( /ill m di/ant & unexploit$ worlds2 disda9 ( ! b\lev>ds4 444 ,= ,nationalism1 let u n deceive ourselves1 is also only a =m ( exoticism4444 ,romantic musicians m]ely relate :at exotic books h made ( !m3 p w\ld fa9 exp]i5ce exotic s5sations & passions accord+ to ,flor5t9e & ,v5etian ta/e2 f9ally !y are satisfi$ to look = !m 9 an image4444 ,! ess5tial factor is ! k9d ( novel desire1 ! desire to imitate1 ! desire to live z p h liv$ once be=e 9 ! pa/1 & ! disguise & dissimulation ( ! s\l4444 ,romantic art is only an em]g5cy exit f defective reality4 ,! attempt to p]=m new ?+s3 revolution1 ,napoleon4 ,napoleon repres5ts ! passion ( new spiritual possibilities1 ( an ext5sion ( ! s\l's doma94 ,! great] ! debility ( ! w1 ! great] ! extravagances 9 ! desire to feel1 to repres5t1 & to dream new ?+s4--,! result ( ! excesses :i* h be5 indulg$ 93 an insatiable ?ir/ = unre/ra9$ feel+s4444 ,=eign lit]atures af=d ! /ronge/ spices4 #hcj4 ,w9ckelmann's & ,goe!'s ,greeks1 ,victor ,hugo's ,ori5tals1 ,wagn]'s ,edda *>act]s1 ,walt] ,scott's ,engli%m5 ( ! ?irte5? c5tury--"s day ! :ole com$y w be expos$6 ,all ( x 0 disproportionately hi/orical & false1 b--mod]n4 #hca4 ,conc]n+ ! *>act]i/ics ( national g5ius 9 reg>d to ! /range & to ! borr[$-- ,engli% g5ius vulg>ises & makes reali/ic ev]y?+ x sees2 ,! ,fr5* :ittles d[n1 simplifies1 rationalises1 embelli%es2 ,! ,g]man muddles1 compromises1 involves1 & infects ev]y?+ ) morality2 ,! ,italian has made by f> ! free/ & mo/ subtle use ( borr[$ mat]ial1 & has enri*$ x ) a hundr$ times m beauty ?an x ev] drew out ( x3 x is ! ri*e/ g5ius1 x _h ! mo/ to be/[4 #hcb4 ,! ,jews1 ) ,he9ri* ,he9e & ,(f5ba*1 approa*$ g5ius 9 ! sph]e ( art4 ,! latt] 0 ! mo/ intellectual & mo/ high-spirit$ satyr1 :o z a musician abid$ by great tradition1 & :o1 = him :o has some?+ m ?an e>s1 is a real relief aft] ! s5tim5tal &1 at bottom1 deg5]ate musicians ( ,g]man romanticism4 #hcc4 ,(f5ba*2 tr5* music imbu$ ) ,voltaire's intellect1 free1 wanton1 ) a slight s>donic gr91 b cle> & intellectual almo/ to ! po9t ( banality 7,(f5ba* nev] titivates71 & free f ! mign>dise ( morbid or blond-,vi5nese s5suality4 #hcd4 ,if by arti/ic g5ius we und]/& ! mo/ consummate fre$om )9 ! law1 div9e ease1 & facility 9 ov]com+ ! greate/ difficulties1 !n ,(f5ba* has ev5 m "r to ! title g5ius ?an ,wagn] has4 ,wagn] is heavy & clumsy3 no?+ is m =eign to him ?an ! mom5ts ( wanton p]fection :i* ?is cl[n ,(f5ba* a*ieves z _m z five times1 six times1 9 ne>ly e "o ( 8 buffoon]ies4 ,b by g5ius we ought p]haps to und]/& some?+ else4 #hce4 ,conc]n+ music4--,fr5*1 ,g]man1 & ,italian music4 7,our mo/ debas$ p]iods 9 a political s5se are our mo/ productive4 ,! ,slavs87--,! ballet1 :i* is ! outcome ( excessive /udy ( ! hi/ory ( /range civilisations1 has become ma/] ( op]a4--,/age music & musicians music4--,x is an error to suppose t :at ,wagn] compos$ 0 a4 =m3 x 0 r =mlessness4 ,! possibilities ( dramatic con/ruction h yet to be discov]$4--,rhy?m4 ,expression at all co/s4 ,h>lotry 9 in/rum5tation4--,all hon\r to ,he9ri* ,s*tz2 all hon\r to ,m5delssohn3 9 !m we f9d an elem5t ( ,goe!1 b n[h]e else6 7,we also f9d ano!r elem5t ( ,goe! com+ to blossom 9 ,rahel2 a ?ird elem5t 9 ,he9ri* ,he9e47 #hcf4 ,descriptive music leaves reality to "w its effects alone4444 ,all ^! k9ds ( art are easi]1 & m easy to imitate2 poorly gift$ p h rec\rse to !m4 ,! appeal to ! in/9cts2 sugge/ive art4 #hcg4 ,conc]n+ our mod]n music4--,! decay ( melody1 l ! decay ( ideas1 & ( ! fre$om ( intellectual activity1 is a piece ( clums9ess & obtus5ess1 :i* is develop+ itself into new feats ( d>+ & ev5 into pr9ciples2--9 ! end man has only ! pr9ciples ( 8 gifts1 or ( 8 lack ( gifts4 ,dramatic music--nons5se6 ,x is simply bad music4444 ,feel+ & passion are m]ely sub/itutes :5 l(ty intellectuality & ! joy ( x 7e4g4 ,voltaire's7 c no long] be atta9$4 ,express$ te*nically1 feel+ & passion are easi]2 !y presuppose a mu* poor] k9d ( arti/4 ,! rec\rse to drama betrays t an arti/ is mu* m a ma/] 9 tricky means ?an 9 g5u9e ones4 ,to-day we h bo? dramatic pa9t+ & dramatic poetry1 etc4 #hch4 ,:at we lack 9 music is an /hetic :i* w\ld impose laws ^u musicians & give !m a consci5ce2 & z a result ( ?is we lack a real conte/ conc]n+ pr9ciples4--,= z musicians we laugh at ,h]b>t's velleities 9 ?is dep>tm5t j z he>tily z we laugh at ,s*op5hau]'s4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 trem5d\s difficulties pres5t !mselves "h4 ,we no long] "k on :at basis to f\nd our concepts ( :at is exempl>y1 ma/]ly1 p]fect4 ,) ! in/9cts ( old loves & old admiration we grope ab\t 9 a realm ( values1 & we almo/ believe1 t is good :i* pleases u4444 ,i am always suspici\s :5 ,i he> p ev]y:]e speak innoc5tly ( ,bee?ov5 z a classic2 :at ,i w\ld ma9ta91 & ) "s sev5ty1 is t1 9 o!r arts1 a classic is ! v rev]se ( ,bee?ov54 ,b :5 ! complete & gl>+ dissolution ( /yle1 ,wagn]'s s-call$ dramatic /yle1 is taught & hon\r$ z exempl>y1 z ma/]ly1 z progressive1 !n my impati5ce exce$s all b\nds4 ,dramatic /yle 9 music1 z ,wagn] und]/ood x1 is simply r5unciation ( all /yle :atev]2 x is ! assumption t some?+ else1 namely1 drama1 is a hundr$ times m important ?an music4 ,wagn] c pa9t2 he does n use music = ! sake ( music1 ) x he acc5tuates attitudes2 he is a poet4 ,f9ally he made an appeal to beautiful feel+s & heav+ brea/s1 j z all o!r !atrical arti/s h done1 & ) x all he conv]t$ wom5 & ev5 ^? ^: s\ls ?ir/ = culture to him4 ,b :at d wom5 & ! uncultur$ c>e ab\t music8 ,all ^! p h no consci5ce = art3 none ( !m suff] :5 ! fir/ & fundam5tal virtues ( an art are scorn$ & trodd5 ^u 9 fav\r ( t :i* is m]ely second>y 7z ancilla dramaturgica74 ,:at good c come ( all ext5sion 9 ! means ( expression1 :5 t :i* is express$1 art itself1 has lo/ all its law & ord]8 ,! picturesque pomp & p[] ( tones1 ! symbolism ( s\nd1 rhy?m1 ! col\r effects ( h>mony & discord1 ! sugge/ive significance ( music1 ! :ole s5suality ( ?is art :i* ,wagn] made prevail--x is all ?is t ,wagn] d]iv$1 develop$1 & drew out ( music4 ,victor ,hugo did some?+ v simil> = language3 b already p 9 ,france are ask+ !mselves1 9 reg>d to ! case ( ,victor ,hugo1 :e!r language 0 n corrupt$ by him1 :e!r reason1 intellectuality1 & ?or\gh con=mity to law 9 language are n suppress$ :5 ! s5suality ( expression is elevat$ to a high place8 ,is x n a sign ( decad5ce t ! poets 9 ,france h become pla/ic arti/s1 & t ! musicians ( ,g]many h become actors & culturemong]s8 #hci4 ,to-day !re exi/s a sort ( musical pessimism ev5 among p :o are n musicians4 ,:o has n met & curs$ ! conf\nd$ y\?let :o torm5ts 8 piano until x %rieks ) despair1 & :o s+le-h&$ heaves ! slime ( ! mo/ lugubri\s & drabby h>monies be=e him8 ,by s do+ a man betrays himself z a pessimi/4444 ,x is op5 to "q1 ?\gh1 :e!r he also proves himself a musician by ?is means4 ,i = my "p c\ld nev] be made to believe x4 ,wagn]ite pur sang is unmusical1 he submits to ! elem5t>y =ces ( music v mu* z a woman submits to ! w ( ! man :o hypnotises h]--& 9 ord] to be able to d ?is he mu/ n be made suspici\s 9 rebus musicis et musicantibus by a too sev]e or too delicate consci5ce4 ,i said v mu* z--b 9 ?is respect ,i spoke p]haps m ?an a p>able4 ,let any "o consid] ! means :i* ,wagn] uses by pref]5ce1 :5 he wi%es to make an effect 7means :i* = ! great] "p he fir/ _h to inv5t71 !y are appall+ly simil> to ! means by :i* a hypnoti/ ex]cises 8 p[] 7! *oice ( 8 movem5ts1 ! g5]al col\r ( 8 or*e/ration2 ! excruciat+ evasion ( consi/5cy1 & fairness & squ>5ess1 9 rhy?m2 ! creep9ess1 ! soo?+ t\*1 ! my/]y1 ! hy/]ia ( 8 un5d+ melody74 ,& is ! condition to :i* ! ov]ture to ,loh5gr91 = in/ance1 r$uces ! m51 & /ill m ! wom51 9 ! audi5ce1 s ess5tially diff]5t f ! somnambuli/ic trance8 ,on "o occasion aft] ! ov]ture 9 "q _h be5 play$1 ,i he>d an ,italian lady say1 ) h] eyes half clos$1 9 a way 9 :i* female ,wagn]ites are adepts3 ,come si dorme con que/a musica6#aj ,footnote #aj3 ,h[ ! music makes "o sleep6--,tr4 #hdj4 ,religion 9 music4--,:at a l>ge am\nt ( satisfaction all religi\s ne$s get out ( ,wagn]ian music1 ?\gh ?is is nev] ackn[l$g$ or ev5 und]/ood6 ,h[ mu* pray]1 virtue1 unction1 virg9ity1 salvation1 speaks ?r\gh ?is music6444 ,oh :at capital ?is cunn+ sa9t1 :o leads & s$uces u back to ev]y?+ t 0 once believ$ 91 makes out ( ! fact t he may disp5se ) words & concepts6 444 ,our intellectual consci5ce has no ne$ to feel a%am$--x /&s ap>t--if any old in/9ct puts its trembl+ lips to ! rim ( =bidd5 philtres4444 ,?is is %rewd & heal?y1 &1 9 s f> z x betrays a c]ta9 %ame 9 reg>d to ! satisfaction ( ! religi\s in/9ct1 x is ev5 a good sign4444 ,cunn+ ,*ri/ianity3 ! type ( ! music :i* came f ! la/ ,wagn]4 #hda4 ,i di/+ui% betwe5 c\rage be=e p]sons1 c\rage be=e ?+s1 & c\rage on pap]4 ,! latt] 0 ! c\rage ( ,david ,/rauss1 = in/ance4 ,i di/+ui% aga9 betwe5 ! c\rage be=e witnesses & ! c\rage )\t witnesses3 ! c\rage ( a ,*ri/ian1 or ( believ]s 9 ,god 9 g5]al1 c nev] be ! c\rage )\t witnesses--b on ?is score alone ,*ri/ian c\rage /&s condemn$4 ,f9ally1 ,i di/+ui% betwe5 ! c\rage :i* is temp]am5tal & ! c\rage :i* is ! fe> ( fe>2 a s+le in/ance ( ! latt] k9d is moral c\rage4 ,to ?is li/ ! c\rage ( despair %\ld be add$4 ,?is is ! c\rage :i* ,wagn] possess$4 ,8 attitude 9 reg>d to music 0 at bottom a desp]ate "o4 ,he lack$ two ?+s :i* g to make up a good musician3 nature & nurture1 ! pr$isposition = music & ! discipl9e & s*ool+ :i* music requires4 ,he _h c\rage3 out ( ?is defici5cy he e/abli%$ a pr9ciple2 he inv5t$ a k9d ( music = himself4 ,! dramatic music :i* he inv5t$ 0 ! music :i* he 0 able to compose1--its limitations are ,wagn]'s limitations4 ,& he 0 misund]/ood6--,0 he really misund]/ood8444 ,su* is ! case ) five-six?s ( ! arti/s ( to-day4 ,wagn] is _! ,savi\r3 five-six?s1 moreov]1 is ! l[e/ proportion4 ,9 any case :]e ,nature has %[n h]self )\t res]ve1 & :]ev] culture is an accid5t1 a m]e attempt1 a piece ( dilettantism1 ! arti/ turns in/9ctively--:at d ,i say8--,i mean en?usia/ically1 to ,wagn]2 z ! poet says3 ,half drew he him1 & half sank he4#aa ,footnote #aa3 ,?is is an adapt$ quotation f ,goe!'s poem1 ,! ,fi%]man4 ,! translation is ,e4 ,a4 ,b[r+'s4--,tr4 #hdb4 ,music & ! gr& /yle4 ,! greatness ( an arti/ is n to be measur$ by ! beautiful feel+s :i* he evokes3 let ?is belief be left to ! girls4 ,x %\ld be measur$ accord+ to ! ext5t to :i* he approa*es ! gr& /yle1 accord+ to ! ext5t to :i* he is capable ( ! gr& /yle4 ,?is /yle & great passion h ?is 9 common--t !y scorn to please2 t !y =get to p]suade2 t !y comm&3 t !y w4444 ,to become ma/] ( ! *aos :i* is 9 "o2 to compel "o's inn] *aos to assume =m2 to become consi/5t1 simple1 unequivocal1 ma!matical1 law ?is is ! great ambition "h4 ,by means ( x "o repels2 no?+ s mu* ende>s p to su* p[]ful m5 z ?is1--a des]t seems to lie ar\nd !m1 !y impose sil5ce ^u all1 & awe e "o ) ! greatness ,( _! sacrilege4444 ,all arts "k ?is k9d ( aspirant to ! gr& /yle3 :y are !y abs5t 9 music8 ,nev] yet has a musician built z t ar*itect did :o erect$ ! ,palazzo ,pitti4444 ,?is is a problem4 ,does music p]haps belong to t culture 9 :i* ! reign ( p[]ful m5 ( v>i\s types is already at an end8 ,is ! concept gr& /yle 9 fact a contradiction ( ! s\l ( music1--( ! ,woman 9 our music8 444 ,) ?is ,i t\* ^u ! c>d9al "q3 h[ %\ld all our music be classifi$8 ,! age ( classical ta/e kn[s no?+ t c be comp>$ ) x3 x bloom$ :5 ! _w ( ! ,r5aissance rea*$ its ev5+1 :5 fre$om _h already bidd5 f>ewell to bo? m5 & _! cu/oms--is x *>act]i/ic ( music to be ,c\nt]-,r5aissance8 ,is music1 p]*ance1 ! si/] ( ! b>oque /yle1 see+ t 9 any case !y 7 contempor>ies8 ,is n music1 mod]n music1 already decad5ce8 444 ,i h put my f+] be=e on ?is "q3 :e!r music is n an example ( ,c\nt]-,r5aissance art8 :e!r x is n ! next ( k9 to ! b>oque /yle8 :e!r x has n gr[n 9 ,opposition to all classic ta/e1 s t any aspiration to classicism is =bidd5 by ! v nature ( music8 ,! answ] to ?is mo/ important ( all que/ions ( values w\ld n be a v d\btful "o1 if p ?or\ghly und]/ood ! fact t music atta9s to its highe/ maturity & pl5itude z romanticism--likewise z a reaction>y movem5t aga9/ classicism4 ,moz>t1 a delicate & lovable s\l1 b q eighte5? c5tury1 ev5 9 8 s]i\s lapses 444 ,bee?ov51 ! fir/ great romantici/ accord+ to ! ,fr5* conception ( romanticism1 j z ,wagn] is ! la/ great romantici/ 444 bo? ( !m are in/9ctive oppon5ts ( classical ta/e1 ( sev]e /yle--n to speak ( gr& 9 ?is reg>d4 #hdc4 ,romanticism3 an ambigu\s "q1 l all mod]n que/ions4 ,! /hetic conditions are tw(old3-- ,! abundant & g5]\s1 z oppos$ to ! seek+ & ! desir+4 #hdd4 ,a romantici/ is an arti/ ^: great dissatisfaction ) himself makes him productive--2 :o looks away f himself & 8 fell[s1 & sometimes1 !re=e1 looks backw>ds4 #hde4 ,is art ! result ( dissatisfaction ) reality8 or is x ! expression ( gratitude = happ9ess exp]i5c$8 ,9 ! fir/ case1 x is romanticism2 9 ! second1 x is glorification & di?yramb 79 %ort1 apo!osis art73 ev5 ,raphael belongs to ?is1 except = ! fact t he 0 guilty ( ! duplicity ( hav+ defi$ ! appe>ance ( ! ,*ri/ian view ( ! _w4 ,he 0 ?ankful = life precisely :]e x 0 n exactly ,*ri/ian4 ,) a moral int]pretation ! _w is insuff]able2 ,*ri/ianity 0 ! attempt to ov]come ! _w ) morality3 i4e4 to d5y x4 ,9 praxi su* a mad exp]im5t--an imbecile elevation ( man above ! _w--c\ld only end 9 ! begloom+1 ! dw>f+1 & ! impov]i%m5t ( mank9d3 ! only k9d ( man :o ga9$ any?+ by x1 :o 0 promot$ by x1 0 ! mo/ m$iocre1 ! mo/ h>mless & greg>i\s type4 ,hom] z an apo!osis arti/2 ,rub5s also4 ,music has n yet _h su* an arti/4 ,! idealisation ( ! great crim9al 7! feel+ = 8 greatness7 is ,greek2 ! depreciation1 ! sl&]1 ! contempt ( ! s9n]1 is ,judo-,*ri/ian4 #hdf4 ,romanticism & its opposite4 ,9 reg>d to all /hetic values ,i n[ avail myself ( ?is fundam5tal di/9ction3 9 e individual case ,i ask myself has hung] or has sup]abundance be5 creative "h8 ,at fir/ ano!r di/9ction might p]haps seem pref]able1 x is f> m obvi\s1--e4g4 ! di/9ction :i* decides :e!r a desire = /ability1 = et]nity1 = ,be+1 or :e!r a desire = de/ruction1 = *ange1 = ,becom+1 has be5 ! cause ( creation4 ,b bo? k9ds ( desire1 :5 exam9$ m closely1 prove to be ambigu\s1 & really susceptible ( int]pretation only accord+ to t s*eme already m5tion$ & :i* ,i ?9k is rightly pref]r$4 ,! desire = de/ruction1 = *ange1 = ,becom+1 may be ! expression ( an ov]fl[+ p[] pregnant ) promises = ! future 7my t]m = ?is1 z is well kn[n1 is ,dionysian72 x may1 h[ev]1 also be ! hate ( ! ill-con/itut$1 ( ! ne$y & ( ! physiologically bot*$1 t de/roys1 & mu/ de/roy1 because su* creatures are indignant at1 & annoy$ by ev]y?+ la/+ & /able4 ,! act ( immortalis+ c1 on ! o!r h&1 be ! outcome ( gratitude & love3 an art :i* has ?is orig9 is always an apo!osis art2 di?yrambic1 z p]haps ) ,rub5s1 happy1 z p]haps ) ,hafiz2 bright & graci\s1 & %$d+ a ray ( glory ov] all ?+s1 z 9 ,goe!4 ,b x may also1 h[ev]1 be ! outcome ( ! tyrannical w ( ! great suff]] :o w\ld make ! mo/ p]sonal1 individual1 & n>r[ trait ab\t him1 ! actual idiosyncrasy ( 8 pa9--9 fact1 into a b9d+ law & imposition1 & :o ?us wreaks 8 rev5ge ^u all ?+s by /amp+1 br&+1 & violat+ !m ) ! image ( 8 torm5t4 ,! latt] case is romantic pessimism 9 its highe/ =m1 :e!r ?is be ,s*op5hau]ian volunt>ism or ,wagn]ian music4 #hdg4 ,x is a "q :e!r ! anti!sis1 classic & romantic1 does n conceal t o!r anti!sis1 ! active & ! reactive4 #hdh4 ,9 ord] to be a classic1 "o mu/ be possess$ ( all ! /rong & app>5tly contradictory gifts & passions3 b 9 su* a way t !y run 9 h>ness toge!r1 & culm9ate simultane\sly 9 elevat+ a c]ta9 species ( lit]ature or art or politics to its height & z5i? 7!y mu/ n d ?is aft] t elevation has tak5 place 44474 ,!y mu/ reflect ! complete /ate 7ei!r ( a p or ( a culture71 & express its mo/ pr(\nd & mo/ secret nature1 at a "t :5 x is /ill /able & n yet discol\r$ by ! imitation ( =eign ?+s 7or :5 x is /ill dep5d5t 44472 n a reactive b a delib]ate & progressive _s1 say+ ,yea 9 all circum/ances1 ev5 9 its hate4 ,& does n ! highe/ p]sonal value belong !reto8 ,x is wor? consid]+ :e!r moral prejudices d n p]haps ex]cise _! influ5ce "h1 & :e!r great moral l(t9ess is n p]haps a contradiction ( ! classical8 444 ,:e!r ! moral mon/]s mu/ n necess>ily be romantic 9 ^w & de$8 ,any su* prepond]ance ( "o virtue ov] o!rs 7z 9 ! case ( ! moral mon/]7 is precisely :at ) mo/ ho/ility c\nt]acts ! classical p[] 9 equilibrium1 suppos+ a p manife/$ ?is moral l(t9ess & 7 classical not)/&+1 we %\ld h to conclude boldly t !y 7 also on ! same high level 9 immorality6 ?is 0 p]haps ! case ) ,%akespe>e 7provid$ t he 0 really ,"l ,bacon74 #hdi4 ,conc]n+ ! future4 ,aga9/ ! romanticism ( great passion4--,we mu/ und]/& h[ a c]ta9 modicum ( coldness1 lucidity1 & h>dness is insep>able f all classical ta/e3 above all consi/5cy1 happy intellectuality1 ! ?ree unities1 conc5tration1 hatr$ ( all feel+1 ( all s5tim5tality1 ( all esprit1 hatr$ ( all multi=mity1 ( all unc]ta9ty1 evasiv5ess1 & ( all nebulosity1 z also ( all brevity1 f9ick+1 prett9ess & good nature4 ,arti/ic =mul mu/ n be play$ )3 life mu/ be remodell$ s t x %\ld be =c$ to =mulate itself accord+ly4 ,x is really an exhil>at+ spectacle :i* we h only le>n$ to laugh at q rec5tly1 because we h only se5 ?r\gh x q rec5tly3 ?is spectacle ( ,h]d]'s1 ,w9ckelmann's1 ,goe!'s1 & ,hegel's contempor>ies claim+ t !y _h r$iscov]$ ! classical ideal 444 & at ! same "t1 ,%akespe>e6 ,& ?is same crew ( m5 _h scurvily repudiat$ all relation%ip ) ! classical s*ool ( ,france6 ,z if ! ess5tial pr9ciple c\ld n h be5 le>nt z well "h z else:]e6 444 ,b :at p want$ 0 nature1 & naturalness3 ,oh1 ! /upidity ( x6 ,x 0 ?\ght t classicism 0 a k9d ( naturalness6 ,)\t ei!r prejudice or indulg5ce we %\ld try & inve/igate ^u :at soil a classical ta/e c be evolv$4 ,! h>d5+1 ! simplification1 ! /r5g!n+1 & ! b$evill+ ( man are insep>able f classical ta/e4 ,logical & psy*ological simplification4 ,a contempt ( detail1 ( complexity1 ( obscurity4 ,! romantici/s ( ,g]many d n prote/ aga9/ classicism1 b aga9/ reason1 aga9/ illum9ation1 aga9/ ta/e1 aga9/ ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! ess5ce ( romantico-,wagn]ian music is ! opposite ( ! classical _s4 ,! w to unity 7because unity tyrannises4 e4g4 ! li/5] & ! spectator71 b ! arti/'s inability to tyrannise ov] himself :]e x is mo/ ne$$--t is to say1 9 reg>d to ! "w itself 79 reg>d to kn[+ :at to leave out1 :at to %ort51 :at to cl>ify1 :at to simplify74 ,! ov]:elm+ by means ( masses 7,wagn]1 ,victor ,hugo1 ,zola1 ,ta9e74 #hej4 ,! ,nihilism ( arti/s4--,nature is cruel 9 h] *e]fulness2 cynical 9 h] sunrises4 ,we are ho/ile to emotions4 ,we flee ?i!r :]e ,nature moves our s5ses & our imag9ation1 :]e we h no?+ to love1 :]e we are n rem9d$ ( ! moral semblances & delicacies ( ?is nor!rn nature2 & ! same applies to ! arts4 ,we pref] t :i* no long] rem9ds u ( good & evil4 ,our moral s5sibility & t5d]ness seem to be reliev$ 9 ! he>t ( t]rible & happy ,nature1 9 ! fatalism ( ! s5ses & =ces4 ,life )\t goodness4 ,great well-be+ arises f contemplat+ ,nature's indiff]5ce to good & evil4 ,no ju/ice 9 hi/ory1 no goodness 9 ,nature4 ,t is :y ! pessimi/ :5 he is an arti/ pref]s ^? hi/orical subjects :]e ! abs5ce ( ju/ice reveals itself ) magnific5t simplicity1 :]e p]fection actually comes to expression--& likewise he pref]s t 9 ,nature1 :]e h] call\s evil "* is n hypocritically conceal$1 :]e t "* is se5 9 p]fection4444 ,! ,nihili/ic arti/ betrays himself 9 will+ & pref]r+ cynical hi/ory & cynical ,nature4 #hea4 ,:at is tragic8--,aga9 & aga9 ,i h po9t$ to ! great misund]/&+ ( ,ari/otle 9 ma9ta9+ t ! tragic emotions 7 ! two depress+ emotions--fe> & pity4 ,_h he be5 "r1 trag$y w\ld be an art unfri5dly to life3 x w\ld h be5 necess>y to caution p aga9/ x z aga9/ some?+ g5]ally h>mful & suspici\s4 ,art1 o!rwise ! great /imulus ( life1 ! great intoxicant ( life1 ! great w to life1 "h became a tool ( decad5ce1 ! h&-maid5 ( pessimism & ill-heal? 7= to suppose1 z ,ari/otle suppos$1 t by excit+ ^! emotions we !reby purg$ p ( !m1 is simply an error74 ,some?+ :i* habitually excites fe> or pity1 disorganises1 weak5s1 & disc\rages3 & suppos+ ,s*op5hau] 7 "r 9 ?9k+ t trag$y taught resignation 7i4e4 a meek r5unciation ( happ9ess1 hope1 & ( ! w to live71 ?is w\ld presuppose an art 9 :i* art itself 0 d5i$4 ,trag$y w\ld !n con/itute a process ( dissolution2 ! in/9ct ( life w\ld de/roy itself 9 ! in/9ct ( art4 ,*ri/ianity1 ,nihilism1 tragic art1 physiological decad5ce2 ^! ?+s w\ld !n be l9k$1 !y w\ld !n prepond]ate toge!r & assi/ ea* o!r onw>ds--d[nw>ds4444 ,trag$y w\ld ?us be a symptom ( decl9e4 ,?is !ory may be refut$ 9 ! mo/ cold-blood$ way1 namely1 by measur+ ! effect ( a tragic emotion by means ( a dynamomet] ,! result w\ld be a fact :i* only ! bottomless falsity ( a doctr9aire c\ld misund]/&3 t trag$y is a tonic4 ,if ,s*op5hau] refuses to see ! tru? "h1 if he reg>ds g5]al depression z a tragic condition1 if he w\ld h in=m$ ! ,greeks 7:o to 8 disgu/ 7 n resign$7 t !y did n firmly possess ! highe/ pr9ciples ( life3 x is only ow+ to 8 p>ti pris1 to ! ne$ ( consi/5cy 9 8 sy/em1 to ! di%one/y ( ! doctr9aire--t dreadful di%one/y :i* /ep = /ep corrupt$ ! :ole psy*ology ( ,s*op5hau] 7he :o _h arbitr>ily & almo/ viol5tly misund]/ood g5ius1 art itself1 morality1 pagan religion1 beauty1 k1 & almo/ ev]y?+74 #heb4 ,! tragic arti/4--,:e!r1 & 9 reg>d to :at1 ! judgm5t beautiful is e/abli%$ is a "q ( an individual's or ( a p's /r5g? ,! feel+ ( pl5itude1 ( ov]fl[+ /r5g? 7:i* gaily & c\rage\sly meets _m an ob/acle be=e :i* ! weakl+ %udd]s7--! feel+ ( p[] utt]s ! judgm5t beautiful conc]n+ ?+s & conditions :i* ! in/9ct ( impot5ce c only value z hateful & ugly4 ,! flair :i* enables u to decide :e!r ! objects we enc\nt] are dang]\s1 problematic1 or allur+1 likewise det]m9es our /hetic ,yea4 7,?is is beautiful1 is an affirmation74 ,f ?is we see t1 g5]ally speak+1 a pref]5ce = que/ionable & t]rible ?+s is a symptom ( /r5g?2 :]eas ! ta/e = pretty & *>m+ trifles is *>act]i/ic ( ! weak & ! delicate4 ,! love ( trag$y is typical ( /rong ages & *>act]s3 its non plus ultra is p]haps ! ,div9a ,comm$ia4 ,x is ! h]oic spirits :i* 9 tragic cruelty say ,yea unto !mselves3 !y are h>d en\gh to feel pa9 z a pleasure4 ,on ! o!r h&1 suppos+ weakl+s desire to get pleasure f an art :i* 0 n design$ = !m1 :at int]pretation mu/ we suppose !y w\ld l to give trag$y 9 ord] to make x suit _! ta/e8 ,!y w\ld int]pret _! own feel+ ( value into x3 e4g4 ! triumph ( ! moral ord] ( ?+s1 or ! tea*+ ( ! uselessness ( exi/5ce1 or ! incitem5t to resignation 7or also half-m$ic9al & half-moral outp\r+s1 la ,ari/otle74 ,f9ally1 ! art ( t]rible natures1 9 s f> z x may excite ! n]ves1 may be reg>d$ by ! weak & exhau/$ z a /imulus3 ?is is n[ tak+ place1 = in/ance1 9 ! case ( ! admiration met$ out to ,wagn]'s art4 ,a te/ ( man's well-be+ & consci\sness ( p[] is ! ext5t to :i* he c ackn[l$ge ! t]rible & que/ionable "* ( ?+s1 & :e!r he is 9 any ne$ ( a fai? at ! end4 ,?is k9d ( arti/ic pessimism is precisely ! rev]se ( t religio-moral pessimism :i* suff]s f ! corruption ( man & ! enigmatic "* ( exi/5ce3 ! latt] insi/s ^u deliv]ance1 or at lea/ ^u ! hope ( deliv]ance4 ,^? :o suff]1 d\bt1 & di/ru/ !mselves1--! sick1 9 o!r words1--h 9 all ages requir$ ! transport+ influ5ce ( visions 9 ord] to be able to exi/ at all 7! notion bless$ness arose 9 ?is way74 ,a simil> case w\ld be t ( ! arti/s ( decad5ce1 :o at bottom ma9ta9 a ,nihili/ic attitude to life1 & take refuge 9 ! beauty ( =m1--9 ^? select cases 9 :i* ,nature is p]fect1 9 :i* %e is indiff]5tly great & indiff]5tly beautiful4 7,! love ( ! beautiful may ?us be some?+ v diff]5t f ! ability to see or create ! beautiful3 x may be ! expression ( impot5ce 9 ?is respect47 ,! mo/ conv9c+ arti/s are ^? :o make h>mony r+ out ( e discord1 & :o b5efit all ?+s by ! gift ( _! p[] & inn] h>mony3 9 e "w ( art !y m]ely reveal ! symbol ( _! inmo/ exp]i5ces--_! creation is gratitude = life4 ,! dep? ( ! tragic arti/ consi/s 9 ! fact t 8 /hetic in/9ct surveys ! m remote results1 t he does n halt %ortsight$ly at ! ?+ t is ne>e/1 t he says ,yea to ! :ole cosmic economy1 :i* ju/ifies ! t]rible1 ! evil1 & ! que/ionable2 :i* m ?an ju/ifies x4 #hec4 ,art 9 ! ,bir? ( ,trag$y4 ,i4 ,! conception ( ! "w :i* lies "r 9 ! backgr\nd ( ?is book1 is extraord9>ily gloomy & unpleasant3 among all ! types ( pessimism :i* h ev] be5 kn[n hi!rto1 none seems to h atta9$ to ?is degree ( malice4 ,! contra/ ( a true & ( an app>5t _w is entirely abs5t "h3 !re is b "o _w1 & x is false1 cruel1 contradictory1 s$uctive1 & )\t s5se4 ,a _w1 ?us con/itut$ is ! true _w4 ,we are 9 ne$ ( lies 9 ord] to rise sup]ior to ?is reality1 to ?is tru?--t is to say1 9 ord] to live4444 ,t lies %\ld be necess>y to life is "p & p>cel ( ! t]rible & que/ionable "* ( exi/5ce4 ,metaphysics1 morality1 religion1 sci5ce1 9 ?is book1 all ^! ?+s are reg>d$ m]ely z diff]5t =ms ( falsehood3 by means ( !m we are l$ to believe 9 life4 ,life1 mu/ inspire confid5ce2 ! task :i* ?is imposes ^u u is enorm\s4 ,9 ord] to solve1 ?is problem man mu/ already be a li> 9 8 he>t1 b he mu/ above all else be an arti/4 ,& he is t4 ,metaphysics1 religion1 morality1 sci5ce1 all ^! ?+s are b ! (f%oot ( 8 w to art1 to falsehood1 to a flight f tru?1 to a d5ial ( tru?4 ,?is ability1 ?is arti/ic capacity p> excell5ce ( man--?anks to :i* he ov]comes reality ) lies1--is a quality :i* he has 9 common ) all o!r =ms ( exi/5ce4 ,he himself is inde$ a piece ( reality1 ( tru?1 ( nature3 h[ c\ld he help be+ also a piece ( g5ius 9 prev>ication6 ,! fact t ! "* ( exi/5ce is misund]/ood1 is ! pr(\nde/ & ! highe/ secret motive beh9d ev]y?+ relat+ to virtue1 sci5ce1 piety1 & art4 ,to be bl9d to _m ?+s1 to see _m ?+s falsely1 to fancy _m ?+s3 ,oh1 h[ clev] man has be5 9 ^? circum/ances 9 :i* he believ$ he 0 any?+ b clev]6 ,love1 en?usiasm1 ,god--are b subtle =ms ( ultimate ,self-deception2 !y are b s$uctions to life & to ! belief 9 life6 ,9 ^? mom5ts :5 man 0 deceiv$1 :5 he _h befool$ himself & :5 he believ$ 9 life3 ,oh1 h[ 8 _s swell$ )9 him6 ,oh1 :at ec/asies he _h6 ,:at p[] he felt6 ,& :at arti/ic triumphs 9 ! feel+ ( p[]6 444 ,man _h once m become ma/] ( matt]1--ma/] ( tru?6 444 ,& :5ev] man rejoices x is always 9 ! same way3 he rejoices z an arti/1 8 p[] is 8 joy1 he enjoys falsehood z 8 p[]4444 ,,ii4 ,art & no?+ else6 ,art is ! great means ( mak+ life possible1 ! great s$uc] to life1 ! great /imulus ( life4 ,art is ! only sup]ior c\nt]-ag5t to all w to ! d5ial ( life2 x is p> excell5ce ! anti-,*ri/ian1 ! anti-,buddhi/ic1 ! anti-,nihili/ic =ce4 ,art is ! alleviation ( ! seek] aft] k1--( him :o recognises ! t]rible & que/ionable "* ,( exi/5ce1 & :o w recognise x1--( ! tragic seek] aft] k4 ,art is ! alleviation ( ! man ( action1--( him :o n only sees ! t]rible & que/ionable "* ( exi/5ce1 b also lives x1 w live x1--( ! tragic & w>like man1 ! h]o4 ,art is ! alleviation ( ! suff]]1--z ! way to /ates 9 :i* pa9 is will$1 is transfigur$1 is deifi$1 :]e suff]+ is a =m ( great ec/asy4 ,,iii4 ,x is cle> t 9 ?is book pessimism1 or1 bett] /ill1 ,nihilism1 /&s = tru?4 ,b tru? is n po/ulat$ z ! highe/ measure ( value1 & /ill less z ! highe/ p[]4 ,! w to appe>ance1 to illusion1 to deception1 to becom+1 & to *ange 7to objective deception71 is "h reg>d$ z m pr(\nd1 z m primeval1 z m metaphysical ?an ! w to tru?1 to reality1 to appe>ance3 ! latt] is m]ely a =m ( ! w to illusion4 ,happ9ess is likewise conceiv$ z m primeval ?an pa93 & pa9 is consid]$ z condition$1 z a consequ5ce ,( ! w to happ9ess 7( ! w to ,becom+1 to gr[?1 to =m+1 i4e4 to creat+2 9 creat+1 h[ev]1 de/ruction is includ$74 ,! highe/ /ate ( ,yea-say+ to exi/5ce is conceiv$ z "o f :i* ! greate/ pa9 may n be exclud$3 ! tragico-,dionysian /ate4 ,,iv4 ,9 ?is way ?is book is ev5 anti-pessimi/ic1 namely1 9 ! s5se t x tea*es some?+ :i* is /rong] ?an pessimism & :i* is m div9e ?an tru?3 ,art4 ,nobody1 x w\ld seem1 w\ld be m ready s]i\sly to utt] a radical d5ial ( life1 an actual d5ial ( action ev5 m ?an a d5ial ( life1 ?an ! au?or ( ?is book4 ,except t he kn[s--= he has exp]i5c$ x1 & p]haps exp]i5c$ little else6--t art is ( m value ?an tru?4 ,ev5 9 ! preface1 9 :i* ,ri*>d ,wagn] is1 z x 71 invit$ to jo9 ) him 9 conv]sation1 ! au?or expresses ?is article ( fai?1 ?is gospel = arti/s2 ,art is ! only task ( life1 art is ! metaphysical activity ( life4444 ,,f\r? ,,book ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,bre$+4 ,i4 ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,rank4 #a4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,ord] ( ,rank4 #hed4 ,9 ?is age ( univ]sal suffrage1 9 :i* ev]ybody is all[$ to sit 9 judgm5t ^u ev]y?+ & ev]ybody1 ,i feel compell$ to re-e/abli% ! ord] ( rank4 #hee4 ,quanta ( p[] alone det]m9e rank & di/+ui% rank3 no?+ else does4 #hef4 ,! w to p[]4--,h[ mu/ ^? m5 be con/itut$ :o w\ld und]take ?is transvaluation8 ,! ord] ( rank z ! ord] ( p[]3 w> & dang] are ! pr]equisites :i* all[ ( a rank ma9ta9+ its conditions4 ,! prodigi\s example3 man 9 ,nature--! weake/ & %rewde/ creature mak+ himself ma/]1 & putt+ a yoke ^u all less intellig5t =ces4 #heg4 ,i di/+ui% betwe5 ! type :i* repres5ts asc5d+ life & t :i* repres5ts decay1 decomposition & weakness4 ,ought "o to suppose t ! "q ( rank betwe5 ^! two types c be at all d\btful8 #heh4 ,! modicum ( p[] :i* y repres5t decides y\r rank2 all ! re/ is c[>dice4 #hei4 ,! advantages ( /&+ deta*$ f "o's age4--,deta*$ f ! two movem5ts1 t ( individualism & t ( collectivi/ morality2 = ev5 ! fir/ does n recognise ! ord] ( rank1 & w\ld give "o individual ! same fre$om z ano!r4 ,my ?\ghts are n conc]n$ ) ! degree ( fre$om :i* %\ld be grant$ to ! "o or to ! o!r or to all1 b ) ! degree ( p[] :i* ! "o or ! o!r %\ld ex]cise ov] 8 neighb\r or ov] all2 & m especially ) ! "q to :at ext5t a sacrifice ( fre$om1 or ev5 enslavem5t1 may af=d ! basis = ! cultivation1 ( a sup]ior type4 ,9 pla9 words3 h[ c\ld "o sacrifice ! developm5t ( mank9d 9 ord] to assi/ a high] species ?an man to come into be+4 #hfj4 ,conc]n+ rank4--,! t]rible consequ5ces ( equality--9 ! end ev]ybody ?9ks he has ! "r to e problem4 ,all ord] ( rank has vani%$4 #hfa4 ,x is necess>y = high] m5 to decl>e w> ^u ! masses6 ,9 all directions m$iocre p are jo9+ h&s 9 ord] to make !mselves ma/]s4 ,ev]y?+ t pamp]s1 t s(t5s1 & t br+s ! p or woman to ! front1 op]ates 9 fav\r ( univ]sal suffrage1--t is to say1 ! dom9ion ( inf]ior m54 ,b we mu/ make reprisals1 & draw ! :ole /ate ( affairs 7:i* comm5c$ 9 ,europe ) ,*ri/ianity7 to ! light ( day & to judgm5t4 #hfb4 ,a tea*+ is ne$$ :i* is /rong en\gh to "w 9 a discipl9>y mann]2 x %\ld op]ate 9 su* a way z to /r5g!n ! /rong & to p>alyse & sma% up ! _w-we>y4 ,! annihilation ( decl9+ races4 ,! decay ( ,europe4 ,! annihilation ( slave-ta9t$ valuations4 ,! dom9ion ( ! _w z a means to ! re>+ ( a high] type4 ,! annihilation ( ! humbug :i* is call$ morality 7,*ri/ianity z a hy/]ical k9d ( hone/y 9 ?is reg>d3 ,augu/9e1 ,bunyan47 ,! annihilation ( univ]sal suffrage--t is to say1 t sy/em by means ( :i* ! l[e/ natures prescribe !mselves z a law = high] natures4 ,! annihilation ( m$iocrity & its preval5ce4 7,! "o-sid$1 ! individuals--peoples2 con/itutional pl5itude %\ld be aim$ at by means ( ! c\pl+ ( opposites2 to ?is end race-comb9ations %\ld be tri$47 ,! new k9d ( c\rage--no a priori tru?s 7^? :o 7 accu/om$ to believe 9 some?+ s\ght su* tru?s671 b free submission to a rul+ ?\ght1 :i* has its "t2 = in/ance1 "t conceiv$ z ! quality ( space1 etc4 #b4 ,! ,/rong & ! ,weak4 #hfc4 ,! notion1 /rong & weak man resolves itself into ?is1 t 9 ! fir/ place mu* /r5g? is inh]it$--! man is a total sum2 9 ! o!r1 n yet en\gh 7inadequate inh]itance1 subdivision ( ! inh]it$ qualities74 ,weakness may be a />t+ ph5om5on3 n yet en\gh2 or a f9al ph5om5on3 no m4 ,! det]m9+ po9t is !re :]e great /r5g? is pres5t1 or :]e a great am\nt ( /r5g? c be dis*>g$4 ,! mass1 z ! sum-total ( ! weak1 reacts sl[ly2 x def5ds itself aga9/ mu* = :i* x is too weak1--aga9/ t = :i* x has no use2 x nev] creates1 x nev] takes a /ep =w>d4 ,?is is oppos$ to ! !ory :i* d5ies ! /rong individual & w\ld ma9ta9 t ! masses d ev]y?+4 ,! diff]5ce is simil> to t :i* obta9s betwe5 sep>at$ g5]ations3 f\r or ev5 five g5]ations may lie betwe5 ! masses & him :o is ! mov+ _s--x is a *ronological diff]5ce4 ,! values ( ! weak are 9 ! van1 because ! /rong h adopt$ !m 9 ord] to lead ) !m4 #hfd4 ,:y ! weak triumph4--,on ! :ole1 ! sick & ! weak h m sympa?y & are m humane2 ! sick & ! weak h m intellect1 & are m *angeable m v>iegat$1 m ent]ta9+--m malici\s2 ! sick alone inv5t$ malice4 7,a morbid precocity is (t5 to be obs]v$ among rickety1 scr(ulitic1 & tub]cul\s p47 ,esprit3 ! prop]ty ( old] races2 ,jews1 ,fr5*m51 ,*9ese4 7,! anti-,semites d n =give ! ,jews = hav+ bo? intellect--& money4 ,anti-,semites--ano!r "n = bungl$ & bot*$47 ,! sick & ! weak h always _h fasc9ation on _! side2 !y are m int]e/+ ?an ! heal?y3 ! fool & ! sa9t--! two mo/ int]e/+ k9ds ( m54444 ,closely relat$ !reto is ! g5ius4 ,! great adv5tur]s & crim9als & all great m51 ! mo/ heal?y 9 p>ticul>1 h always be5 sick at c]ta9 p]iods ( _! lives--great di/urbances ( ! emotions1 ! passion = p[]1 love1 rev5ge1 are all accompani$ by v pr(\nd p]turbations4 ,&1 z = decad5ce1 e man :o does n die prematurely manife/s x 9 almo/ e respect--he !re=e kn[s f exp]i5ce ! in/9cts :i* belong to x3 = half 8 life ne>ly e man is decad5t4 ,& f9ally1 woman6 ,"o-half ( mank9d is weak1 *ronically sick1 *angeable1 %ifty woman requires /r5g? 9 ord] to cleave to x2 %e also requires a religion ( ! weak :i* glorifies weakness1 love1 & mode/y z div9e3 or1 bett] /ill1 %e makes ! /rong weak--%e rules :5 %e succe$s 9 ov]com+ ! /rong4 ,woman has always conspir$ ) decad5t types1--! prie/s1 = in/ance1 aga9/ ! mighty1 aga9/ ! /rong1 aga9/ m54 ,wom5 avail !mselves ( *ildr5 = ! cult ( piety1 pity1 & love3--! "m /&s z ! symbol ( conv9c+ altruism4 ,f9ally1 ! increase ( civilisation ) its necess>y correlatives1 ! increase ( morbid elem5ts1 ( ! neurotic & psy*iatric & ( ! crim9al4 ,a sort ( int]m$i>y species arises1 ! arti/4 ,he is di/9ct f ^? :o are crim9als z ! result ( weak wills & ( ! fe> ( society1 al?\gh !y may n yet be ripe = ! asylum2 b he has ant5nas :i* grope inquisitively into bo? sph]es1 ?is specific plant ( culture1 ! mod]n arti/1 pa9t]1 musician1 &1 above all1 noveli/1 :o designates 8 p>ticul> k9d ( attitude ) ! v indef9ite ^w naturalism4444 ,lunatics1 crim9als1 & reali/s#a are on ! increase3 ?is is ! sign ( a gr[+ culture plung+ =w>d at headlong spe$--t is to say1 its excrem5t1 its refuse1 ! rubbi% t is %ot f x e day1 is beg9n+ to acquire m importance1 ! retrogressive movem5t keeps pace ) ! advance4 ,f9ally1 ! social mi%ma%1 :i* is ! result ( revolution1 ( ! e/abli%m5t ( equal rights1 & ( ! sup]/ition1 ! equality ( m54 ,?us ! possessors ( ! in/9cts ( decl9e 7( res5tm5t1 ( discont5t1 ( ! lu/ ( de/ruction1 ( an>*y & ,nihilism71 z also ! in/9cts ( slav]y1 ( c[>dice1 ( craft9ess1 & ( rascality1 :i* are inh]5t among ^? classes ( society :i* h long be5 suppress$1 are beg9n+ to get infus$ into ! blood ( all ranks4 ,two or ?ree g5]ations lat]1 ! race c no long] be recognis$--ev]y?+ has become mob4 ,& ?us !re results a collective in/9ct aga9/ selection1 aga9/ e k9d ( privilege1 & ?is in/9ct op]ates ) su* p[]1 c]ta9ty1 h>dness1 & cruelty t1 z a matt] ( fact1 9 ! end1 ev5 ! privileg$ classes h to submit3 all ^? :o /ill wi% to hold on to p[] flatt] ! mob1 "w ) ! mob1 & mu/ h ! mob on _! side--! g5iuses above all4 ,! latt] become ! h]alds ( ^? feel+s ) :i* ! mob c be inspir$1--! expression ( pity1 ( hon\r1 ev5 = all t suff]s1 all t is l[ & despis$1 & has liv$ "u p]secution1 becomes pr$om9ant 7types3 ,victor ,hugo1 ,ri*>d ,wagn]74--,! rise ( ! mob signifies once m ! rise ( old values4 ,9 ! case ( su* an extreme movem5t1 bo? 9 tempo & 9 means1 z *>act]ises our civilisation1 man's balla/ is %ift$4 ,^? m5 ^: wor? is greate/1 & ^: mission1 z x 71 is to comp5sate = ! v great dang] ( su* a morbid movem5t1--su* m5 become dawdl]s p> excell5ce2 !y are sl[ to accept any?+1 & are t5aci\s2 !y are creatures t are relatively la/+ 9 ! mid/ ( ?is va/ m+l+ & *ang+ ( elem5ts4 ,9 su* circum/ances p[] is necess>ily relegat$ to ! m$iocre3 m$iocrity1 z ! tru/ee & be>] ( ! future1 consolidates itself aga9/ ! rule ( ! mob & ( ecc5tricities 7bo? ( :i* are1 9 mo/ cases1 unit$74 ,9 ?is way a new antagoni/ is evolv$ = exceptional m5--or 9 c]ta9 cases a new temptation4 ,provid$ t !y d n adapt !mselves to ! mob1 & /& up = :at satisfies ! in/9cts ( ! dis9h]it$1 !y w f9d x necess>y to be m$iocre & s\nd4 ,!y "k3 m$iocritas is also aurea1--x alone has comm& ( money & gold 7( all t glitt]s 44474444 ,&1 once m1 old virtue & ! :ole sup]annuat$ _w ( ideals 9 g5]al secures a gift$ ho/ ( special-plead]s4444 ,result3 m$iocrity acquires intellect1 wit1 & g5ius1 x becomes ent]ta9+1 & ev5 s$uctive4 999999 ,result4--,a high culture c only /& ^u a broad basis1 ^u a /rongly & s\ndly consolidat$ m$iocrity4 ,9 its s]vice & assi/$ by x1 sci5ce & ev5 art d _! "w4 ,sci5ce c\ld n wi% = a bett] /ate ( affairs3 9 its ess5ce x belongs to a middle-class type ( man1--among exceptions x is out ( place1--!re is n any?+ ari/ocratic & /ill less any?+ an>*ic 9 its in/9cts4--,! p[] ( ! middle classes is !n upheld by means ( comm]ce1 b1 above all1 by means ( money-deal+3 ! in/9ct ( great f9anci]s is oppos$ to ev]y?+ extreme--on ?is acc\nt ! ,jews are1 = ! pres5t1 ! mo/ cons]vative p[] 9 ! ?reat5+ & insecure conditions ( mod]n ,europe4 ,!y c h no use ei!r = revolutions1 = socialism1 or = milit>ism3 if !y w\ld h p[]1 & if !y %\ld ne$ x1 ev5 ov] ! revolution>y p>ty1 ?is is only ! result ( :at ,i h already said1 & x 9 no way contradicts x4 ,aga9/ o!r extreme movem5ts !y may occasionally require to excite t]ror by %[+ h[ mu* p[] is 9 _! h&s4 ,b _! in/9ct itself is invet]ately cons]vative & m$iocre1 444 ,:]ev] p[] exi/s1 !y "k h[ to become mighty2 b ! application ( _! p[] always takes ! same direction4 ,! polite t]m = m$iocre1 z is well kn[n1 is ! ^w ,lib]al4 ,reflection4--,x is all nons5se to suppose t ?is g5]al conque/ ( values is anti-biological4 ,9 ord] to expla9 x1 we ought to try & %[ t x is ! result ( a c]ta9 int]e/ ( life to ma9ta9 ! type man1 ev5 by means ( ?is me?od :i* leads to ! preval5ce ( ! weak & ! physiologically bot*$--if ?+s 7 o!rwise1 might man n cease to exi/8 ,problem 444 ,! enhancem5t ( ! type may prove fatal to ! ma9t5ance ( ! species4 ,:y8--,! exp]i5ce ( hi/ory %[s t /rong races decimate ea* o!r mutually1 by means ( w>1 lu/ = p[]1 & v5tur\sness2 ! /rong emotions2 wa/efulness 7/r5g? is no long] capitalis$1 di/urb$ m5tal sy/ems arise f excessive t5sion72 _! exi/5ce is a co/ly affair 9 %ort1 !y p]si/5tly give rise to friction betwe5 !mselves2 p]iods ( pr(\nd slackness & torpidity int]v5e3 all great ages h to be paid =4444 ,! /rong are1 aft] all1 weak]1 less wilful1 & m absurd ?an ! av]age weak ones4 ,!y are squ&]+ races4 ,p]man5ce1 9 itself1 c h no value3 t :i* ought to be pref]r$ !reto w\ld be a %ort] life = ! species1 b a life ri*] 9 creations4 ,x w\ld rema9 to be prov$ t1 ev5 z ?+s are1 a ri*] sum ( creations is atta9$ ?an 9 ! case ( ! %ort] exi/5ce2 i4e4 t man1 z a /oreh\se ( p[]1 atta9s to a mu* high] degree ( dom9ion ov] ?+s "u ! conditions :i* h exi/$ hi!rto4444 ,we are "h face to face ) a problem ( economics4 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,g]man ^w is ,naturali/1 & really means reali/ 9 a bad s5se4--,tr4 #hfe4 ,! /ate ( m9d :i* calls itself idealism1 & :i* w nei!r all[ m$iocrity to be m$iocre nor woman to be woman6 ,d n make ev]y?+ uni=m6 ,we %\ld h a cle> idea ( h[ de>ly we h to pay = ! e/abli%m5t ( a virtue2 & t virtue is no?+ g5]ally desirable1 b a noble piece ( madness1 a beautiful exception1 :i* gives u ! privilege ( feel+ elat$4444 #hff4 ,x is necess>y to %[ t a c\nt]-movem5t is inevitably associat$ ) any increas+ly economical consumption ( m5 & mank9d1 & ) an ev] m closely involv$ ma*9]y ( int]e/s & s]vices4 ,i call ?is c\nt]-movem5t ! sep>ation ( ! luxuri\s surplus ( mank9d3 by means ( x a /rong] k9d1 a high] type1 mu/ come to light1 :i* has o!r conditions = its orig9 & = its ma9t5ance ?an ! av]age man4 ,my concept1 my metaphor = ?is type is1 z y "k1 ! ^w ,sup]man4 ,along ! fir/ road1 :i* c n[ be completely survey$1 arose adaptation1 /ultification1 high] ,*9ese culture1 mode/y 9 ! ,in/9cts1 & satisfaction at ! sight ( ! belittlem5t ( man--a k9d ( /ation>y level ( mank9d4 ,if ev] we get t inevitable & imm95t1 g5]al control ( ! economy ( ! e>?1 !n mank9d c be us$ z ma*9]y & f9d its be/ purpose 9 ! s]vice ( ?is economy--z an enorm\s piece ( clock-"w consi/+ ( ev] small] & ev] m subtly adapt$ :eels2 !n all ! dom9at+ & comm&+ elem5ts w become ev] m sup]flu\s2 & ! :ole ga9s enorm\s en]gy1 :ile ! individual factors :i* compose x repres5t b small modicums ( /r5g? & ( value4 ,to oppose ?is dw>f+ & adaptation ( man to a specialis$ k9d ( utility1 a rev]se movem5t is ne$$ -! procreation ( ! syn!tic man :o embodies ev]y?+ & ju/ifies x2 t man = :om ! turn+ ( mank9d into a ma*9e is a fir/ condition ( exi/5ce1 = :om ! re/ ( mank9d is b soil on :i* he c devise 8 high] mode ( exi/5ce4 ,he is 9 ne$ ( ! opposition ( ! masses1 ( ^? :o are levell$ d[n2 he requires t feel+ ( di/ance f !m2 he /&s ^u !m1 he lives on !m4 ,?is high] =m ( ari/ocracy is ! =m ( ! future4 ,f ! moral po9t ( view1 ! collective ma*9]y above describ$1 t solid>ity ( all :eels1 repres5ts ! mo/ extreme example 9 ! exploitation ( mank9d3 b x presupposes ! exi/5ce ( ^? = :om su* an exploitation w\ld h "s mean+4#b ,o!rwise x w\ld signify1 z a matt] ( fact1 m]ely ! g5]al depreciation ( ! type man1--a retrograde ph5om5on on a gr& scale4 ,read]s are beg9n+ to see :at ,i am combat+--namely1 economic optimism3 z if ! g5]a welf>e ( ev]ybody mu/ necess>ily increase ) ! gr[+ self-sacrifice ( ev]ybody4 ,! v rev]se seems to me to be ! case1 ! self-sacrifice ( ev]ybody am\nts to a collective loss2 man becomes inf]ior--s t nobody kn[s :at end ?is mon/r\s purpose has s]v$4 ,a :]e=e8 a new :]e=e8--?is is :at mank9d requires4 ,footnote #b3 ,?is s5t5ce = ev] di/+ui%es ,nietzs*e's ari/ocracy f our pres5t plutocratic & indu/rial "o1 = :i*1 at ! pres5t mom5t at any rate1 x w\ld be difficult to discov] "s mean+4--,tr4 #hfg4 ,! recognition ( ! increase ( collective p[]3 we %\ld calculate to :at ext5t ! ru9 ( individuals1 ( ca/es1 ( ages1 & ( peoples1 is includ$ 9 ?is g5]al increase4 ,! transposition ( ! balla/ ( a culture4 ,! co/ ( e va/ gr[?3 :o be>s x8 ,:y mu/ x be enorm\s at ! pres5t "t8 #hfh4 ,g5]al aspect ( ! future ,european3 ! latt] reg>d$ z ! mo/ intellig5t s]vile animal1 v indu/ri\s1 at bottom v mode/1 inquisitive to excess1 multif>i\s1 pamp]$1 weak ( w1--a *aos ( cosmopolitan passions & intellig5ces4 ,h[ w\ld x be possible = a /rong] race to be br$ f him8--,su* a race z w\ld h a classical ta/e8 ,! classical ta/e3 ?is is ! w to simplicity1 to acc5tuation1 & to happ9ess made visible1 ! w to ! t]rible1 & ! c\rage = psy*ological nak$ness 7simplification is ! outcome ( ! w to acc5tuate2 all[+ happ9ess z well z nak$ness to become visible is a consequ5ce ( ! w to ! t]rible 44474 ,9 ord] to fight "o's way out ( t *aos1 & up to ?is =m1 a c]ta9 discipl9>y con/ra9t is necess>y3 a man %\ld h to *oose betwe5 ei!r go+ to ! dogs or prevail+4 ,a rul+ race c only arise amid t]rible & viol5t conditions4 ,problem3 :]e are ! b>b>ians ( ! tw5tie? c5tury8 ,obvi\sly !y w only %[ !mselves & consolidate !mselves aft] enorm\s sociali/ic crises4 ,!y w consi/ ( ^? elem5ts :i* are capable ( ! greate/ h>dness t[>ds !mselves1 & :i* c gu>antee ! mo/ endur+ w-p[]4 #hfi4 ,! mightie/ & mo/ dang]\s passions ( man1 by means ( :i* he mo/ easily goes to rack & ru91 h be5 s fundam5tally bann$ t mighty m5 !mselves h ei!r become impossible or else mu/ reg>d !mselves z evil1 h>mful & prohibit$4 ,! losses are heavy1 b up to ! pres5t !y h be5 necess>y4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 t a :ole ho/ ( c\nt]-=ces has be5 re>$1 by means ( ! tempor>y suppression ( ^! passions 7! passion = dom9ion1 ! love ( *ange & deception71 _! lib]ation has once m become possible3 !y w no long] possess _! old savag]y4 ,we c n[ all[ ourselves ?is tame sort ( b>b>ism3 look at our arti/s & our /atesm56 #hgj4 ,! root ( all evil3 t ! slave morality ( mode/y1 *a/ity1 selflessness1 & absolute ob$i5ce %\ld h triumph$4 ,dom9at+ natures 7 ?us condemn$ 7#a7 to hypocrisy1 7#b7 to qualms ( consci5ce1--creative natures reg>d$ !mselves z rebels aga9/ ,god1 unc]ta9 & hemm$ 9 by et]nal values4 ,! b>b>ians %[$ t ! ability of keep+ )9 ! b\nds ( mod]ation 0 n 9 ! scope ( _! p[]s3 !y fe>$ & sl&]$ ! passions & in/9cts ( nature--likewise ! aspect ( ! rul+ ,cs>s & ca/es4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re arose ! suspicion t all re/ra9t is a =m ( weakness or ( incipi5t old age & fatigue 7?us ,la ,ro*ef\cauld suspects t virtue is only a euphemism 9 ! m\?s ( ^? to :om vice no long] af=ds any pleasure74 ,! capacity = re/ra9t 0 repres5t$ z a matt] ( h>dness1 self-control1 asceticism1 z a fight ) ! devil1 etc4 etc4 ,! natural delight ( /hetic natures1 9 measure2 ! pleasure d]iv$ f ! beauty ( measure1 0 ov]look$ & d5i$1 because t :i* 0 desir$ 0 an anti-eudmoni/ic morality4 ,! belief 9 ! pleasure :i* comes ( re/ra9t has be5 lack+ hi!rto--?is pleasure ( a rid] on a fi]y /e$6 ,! mod]ation ( weak natures 0 conf\nd$ ) ! re/ra9t ( ! /rong6 ,9 %ort1 ! be/ ?+s h be5 blasphem$ because weak or immod]ate sw9e h ?r[n a bad light ^u !m--! be/ m5 h rema9$ conceal$--& h (t5 misund]/ood !mselves4 #hga4 ,vici\s & unbridl$ p3 _! depress+ influ5ce ^u ! value ( ! pussions4 ,x 0 ! appall+ b>b>ity ( morality :i* 0 pr9cipally responsible 9 ! ,middle ,ages = ! compulsory rec\rse to a v]itable league ( virtue--& ?is 0 c\pl$ ) an equally appall+ exagg]ation ( all t :i* con/itutes ! value ( man4 ,militant civilisation 7tam+7 is 9 ne$ ( all k9ds ( irons & tortures 9 ord] to ma9ta9 itself aga9/ t]rible & bea/-(-prey natures4 ,9 ?is case1 contusion1 al?\gh x may h ! mo/ nef>i\s influ5ces1 is q natural3 t :i* m5 ( p[] & w are able to dem& ( !mselves gives !m ! /&>d = :at !y may also all[ !mselves4 ,su* natures are ! v opposite ( ! vici\s & ! unbridl$2 al?\gh "u c]ta9 circum/ances !y may p]petrate de$s = :i* an inf]ior man w\ld be convict$ ( vice & intemp]ance4 ,9 ?is respect ! concept1 all m5 are equal be=e ,god does an extraord9>y am\nt ( h>m2 actions & attitudes ( m9d 7 =bidd5 :i* belong$ to ! pr]ogative ( ! /rong alone1 j z if !y 7 9 !mselves unwor?y ( man4 ,all ! t5d5cies ( /rong m5 7 br\ght into disrepute by ! fact t ! def5sive weapons ( ! mo/ weak 7ev5 ( ^? :o 7 weake/ t[>ds !mselves7 7 e/abli%$ z a /&>d ( valuation4 ,! confusion w5t s f> t precisely ! great virtuosos ( life 7^: self-control pres5ts ! %>pe/ contra/ to ! vici\s & ! unbridl$7 7 br&$ ) ! mo/ opprobri\s names4 ,ev5 to ?is day p feel !mselves compell$ to disp>age a ,cs> ,borgia3 x is simply ludicr\s4 ,! ,*ur* has ana!matis$ ,g]man ,kais]s ow+ to _! vices3 z if a monk or a prie/ _h ! "r to say a ^w z to :at a ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 %\ld all[ himself4 ,don ,juan is s5t to hell3 ?is is v naf4 ,has anybody ev] notic$ t all int]e/+ m5 are lack+ 9 heav58 444 ,?is is only a h9t to ! girls1 z to :]e !y may be/ f9d salvation4 ,if "o ?9k at all logically1 & also h a pr(\nd insight into t :i* makes a great man1 !re1 c be no d\bt at all t ! ,*ur* has dispat*$ all great m5 to ,hades--its fight is aga9/ all greatness 9 man4 #hgb4 ,! rights :i* a man arrogates to himself are relative to ! duties :i* he sets himself1 & to ! tasks :i* he feels capable ( p]=m+4 ,! great majority ( m5 h no "r to life1 & are only a mis=tune to _! high] fell[s4 #hgc4 ,! misund]/&+ ( egoism3 on ! "p ( ignoble natures :o "k no?+ ( ! lu/ ( conque/ & ! insatiability ( great love1 & :o likewise "k no?+ ( ! ov]fl[+ feel+s ( p[] :i* make a man wi% to ov]come ?+s1 to =ce !m ov] to himself1 & to lay !m on 8 he>t1 ! p[] :i* impels an arti/ to 8 mat]ial4 ,x (t5 happ5s also t ! active _s looks = a field = its activity4 ,9 ord9>y egoism x is precisely ! 444 non-ego1 ! pr(\ndly m$iocre creature1 ! memb] ( ! h]d1 :o wi%es to ma9ta9 himself--& :5 ?is is p]ceiv$ by ! r>]1 m subtle1 & less m$iocre natures1 x revolts !m4 ,= ! judgm5t ( ! latt] is ?is3 ,we are ! noble6 ,x is mu* m important to ma9ta9 u ?an t cattle6 #hgd4 ,! deg5]ation ( ! rul] & ( ! rul+ classes has be5 ! cause ( all ! great disord]s 9 hi/ory6 ,)\t ! ,roman ,cs>s & ,roman society1 ,*ri/ianity w\ld nev] h prevail$4 ,:5 x occurs to inf]ior m5 to d\bt :e!r high] m5 exi/1 !n ! dang] is great ,i ,x is !n t m5 f9ally discov] t !re are virtues ev5 among inf]ior1 suppress$1 & poor-spirit$ m51 & t ev]ybody is equal be=e ,god3 :i* is ! non plus ultra ( all conf\nd$ nons5se t has ev] appe>$ on e>?6 ,= 9 ! end high] m5 beg9 to measure !mselves accord+ to ! /&>d ( virtues upheld by ! slaves--& discov] t !y are pr\d1 etc41 & t all _! high] qualities %\ld be condemn$4 ,:5 ,n]o & ,c>acalla /ood at ! helm1 x 0 !n t ! p>adox arose3 ,! l[e/ man is ( m value ?an t "o on ! ?rone6 ,& ?us ! pa? 0 prep>$ = an image ( ,god :i* 0 z remote z possible f ! image ( ! mightie/1--,god on ! ,cross6 #hge4 ,high] man & greg>i\s man4--,:5 great m5 are want+1 ! great ( ! pa/ are conv]t$ into demigods or :ole gods3 ! rise ( religions proves t mank9d no long] has any pleasure 9 man 7nor 9 woman nei!r1 z 9 ,hamlet's case74 ,or a ho/ ( m5 are br\ght toge!r 9 a heap1 & x is hop$ t z a ,p>liam5t !y w op]ate j z tyrannically4 ,tyrannis+ is ! di/9ctive quality ( great m52 !y make inf]ior m5 /upid4 #hgf4 ,buckle af=ds ! be/ example ( ! ext5t to :i* a plebeian agitator ( ! mob is incapable ( arriv+ at a cle> idea ( ! concept1 high] nature4 ,! op9ion :i* he combats s passionately--t great m51 individuals1 pr9ces1 /atesm51 g5iuses1 w>riors1 are ! lev]s & causes ( all great movem5ts1 is in/9ctively misund]/ood by him1 z if x meant t all t 0 ess5tial & valuable 9 su* a high] man1 0 ! fact t he 0 capable ( sett+ masses 9 motion2 9 %ort1 t 8 sole m]it 0 ! effect he produc$4444 ,b ! high] nature ( ! great man resides precisely 9 be+ diff]5t1 9 be+ unable to communicate ) o!rs1 9 ! l(t9ess ( 8 rank--n 9 any sort ( effect he may produce ev5 ?\gh ?is be ! %att]+ ( bo? hemisph]es4 #hgg4 ,! ,revolution made ,napoleon possible3 t is its ju/ification4 ,we ought to desire ! an>*ical collapse ( ! :ole ( our civilisation if su* a rew>d 7 to be its result4 ,napoleon made nationalism possible3 t is ! latt]'s excuse4 ,! value ( a man 7ap>t1 ( c\rse1 f morality & immorality3 because ) ^! concepts a man's wor? is n ev5 skimm$7 does n lie 9 8 utility2 because he w\ld cont9ue to exi/ ev5 if !re 7 nobody to :om he c\ld be useful4 ,& :y c\ld n t man be ! v p9nacle ( manhood :o 0 ! s\rce ( ! wor/ possible effects = 8 race3 s high & s sup]ior1 t 9 8 pres5ce ev]y?+ w\ld g to rack & ru9 f envy8 #hgh4 ,to appraise ! value ( a man accord+ to 8 utility to mank9d1 or accord+ to :at he co/s x1 or ! damage he is able to inflict ^u x1 is j z good & j z bad z to appraise ! value ( a "w ( art accord+ to its effects4 ,b 9 ?is way ! value ( "o man comp>$ ) ano!r is n ev5 t\*$ ^u4 ,! moral valuation1 9 s f> z x is social measures m5 altoge!r accord+ to _! effects4 ,b :at ab\t ! man :o has 8 own ta/e on 8 tongue1 :o is surr\nd$ & conceal$ by 8 isolation1 uncommunicative & n to be communicat$ )2 a man :om no "o has fa?om$ yet--t is to say1 a creature ( a high]1 &1 at any rate1 diff]5t species1 h[ w\ld ye appraise 8 wor?1 see+ t ye _c "k him & c comp>e him ) no?+8 ,moral valuation 0 ! cause ( ! mo/ enorm\s obtus5ess ( judgm5t3 ! value ( a man 9 himself is und]rat$1 well-nigh ov]look$1 practically d5i$4 ,?is is ! rema9s ( simple-m9d$ teleology3 ! value ( man c only be measur$ ) reg>d to o!r m54 #hgi4 ,to be obsess$ by moral consid]ations presupposes a v l[ grade ( intellect3 x %[s t ! in/9ct = special rights1 = /&+ ap>t1 ! feel+ ( fre$om 9 creative natures1 9 *ildr5 ( ,god 7or ( ! devil71 is lack+4 ,& irrespective ( :e!r he prea*es a rul+ morality or criticises ! prevail+ e?ical code f ! po9t ( view ( 8 own ideal3 by do+ ^! ?+s a man %[s t he belongs to ! h]d--ev5 ?\gh he may be :at x is mo/ 9 ne$ (--t is to say1 a %eph]d4 #hhj4 ,we %\ld sub/itute morality by ! w to our own ends1 & consequ5tly to ! means to !m4 #hha4 ,conc]n+ ! ord] ( rank4--,:at is x t con/itutes ! m$iocrity ( ! typical man8 ,t he does n und]/& t ?+s necess>ily h _! o!r side2 t he combats evil conditions z if !y c\ld be disp5s$ )1 t he w n take ! "o ) ! o!r2 t he w\ld fa9 oblit]ate & erase ! specific "* ( a ?+1 ( a circum/ance1 ( an age1 & ( a p]son1 by call+ only a portion ( _! qualities good1 & suppress+ ! rema9d]4 ,! desirability ( ! m$iocre is t :i* we o!rs combat3 _! ideal is some?+ :i* %all no long] conta9 any?+ h>mful1 evil1 dang]\s1 que/ionable1 & de/ructive4 ,we recognise ! rev]se ( ?is3 t ) e gr[? ( man 8 o!r side mu/ gr[ z well2 t ! highe/ man1 if su* a concept be all[$1 w\ld be t man :o w\ld repres5t ! antagoni/ic "* ( exi/5ce mo/ /rik+ly1 & w\ld be its glory & its only ju/ification4444 ,ord9>y m5 may only repres5t a small corn] & nook ( ?is natural "*2 !y p]i% ! mom5t ! multif>i\sness ( ! elem5ts compos+ !m1 & ! t5sion betwe5 _! antagoni/ic traits1 increases3 b ?is is ! pr]equisite = greatness 9 man4 ,t man %\ld become bett] & at ! same "t m evil1 is my =mula = ?is inevitable fact4 ,! majority ( p are only piecemeal & fragm5t>y examples ( man3 only :5 all ^! creatures are jumbl$ toge!r does "o :ole man arise ,:ole ages & :ole peoples 9 ?is s5se1 h a fragm5t>y "* ab\t !m2 x may p]haps be "p ( ! economy ( human developm5t t man %\ld develop himself only piecemeal4 ,b1 = ?is reason1 "o %\ld n =get t ! only important consid]ation is ! rise ( ! syn!tic man2 t inf]ior m51 & by f> ! great majority ( p1 are b rehe>sals & ex]cises out ( :i* "h & !re a :ole man may arise2 a man :o is a human mile/one1 & :o indicates h[ f> mank9d has advanc$ up to a c]ta9 po9t4 ,mank9d does n advance 9 a /raight l9e1--(t5 a type is atta9$ :i* is aga9 lo/ 7= in/ance1 ) all ! ef=ts ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 we h n rea*$ ! m5 ( ! ,r5aissance aga91 & 9 addition to ?is we mu/ n =get t ! man ( ! ,r5aissance 0 already beh9d 8 bro!r ( classical antiquity74 #hhb4 ,! sup]iority ( ! ,greek & ! man ( ! ,r5aissance is recognis$1 b p w\ld l to produce !m )\t ! conditions & causes ( :i* !y 7 ! result4 #hhc4 ,purification ( ta/e c only be ! result ( ! /r5g!n+ ( ! type4 ,our society to-day repres5ts only ! cultivat+ sy/ems1 ! cultivat$ man is lack+4 ,! great syn!tic man1 9 :om ! v>i\s =ces = atta9+ a purpose are correctly h>ness$ toge!r1 is altoge!r want+4 ,! specim5 we possess is ! multif>i\s man1 ! mo/ int]e/+ =m ( *aos t has ev] exi/$3 b n ! *aos prec$+ ! creation ( ! _w1 b t foll[+ x3 ,goe! z ! mo/ beautiful expression ( ! type 7completely & utt]ly un-,olympian67#c ,footnote #c3 ,! ,g]mans always call ,goe! ! ,olympian4--,tr4 #hhd4 ,h&el1 ,leibniz1 ,goe!1 & ,bism>ck1 are *>act]i/ic ( ! /rong ,g]man type4 ,!y liv$ ) equanimity1 surr\nd$ by contra/s4 ,!y 7 full ( t agile k9d ( /r5g? :i* cauti\sly avoids convictions & doctr9es1 by us+ ! "o z a weapon aga9/ ! o!r1 & res]v+ absolute fre$om = !mselves4 #hhe4 ,( ?is ,i am conv9c$1 t if ! rise ( great & r>e m5 _h be5 made dep5d5t ^u ! voices ( ! multitude 7tak+ = grant$1 ( c\rse1 t ! latt] knew ! qualities :i* belong to greatness1 & also ! price t all greatness pays = its self-developm5t71 !n !re w\ld nev] h be5 any su* ?+ z a great man6 ,! fact t ?+s pursue _! c\rse indep5d5tly ( ! voice ( ! _m1 is ! reason :y1 a few a/oni%+ ?+s h tak5 place on e>?4 #hhf4 ,! ,ord] ( ,rank 9 ,human ,values4 7a7 ,a man %\ld n be valu$ accord+ to isolat$ acts4 ,epid]mal actions4 ,no?+ is m r>e ?an a p]sonal act4 ,class1 rank1 race1 environm5t1 accid5t--all ^! ?+s are mu* m likely to be express$ 9 an action or de$ ?an ! p]sonality ( ! do]4 7b7 ,we %\ld on no acc\nt jump to ! conclusion t !re are _m p :o are p]sonalities4 ,"s m5 are b conglom]ations ( p]sonalities1 :il/ ! majority are n ev5 "o4 ,9 all cases 9 :i* ^? av]age qualities prepond]ate1 :i* ensure ! ma9t5ance ( ! species1 to be a p]sonality w\ld involve unnecess>y exp5se1 x w\ld be a luxury 9 fact1 x w\ld be fooli% to dem& ( anybody t he %\ld be a p]sonality4 ,9 su* circum/ances ev]ybody is a *annel or a transmitt+ vessel4 7c7 ,a p]sonality is a relatively isolat$ ph5om5on2 9 view ( ! sup]ior importance ( ! cont9uation ( ! race at an av]age level1 a p]sonality might ev5 be reg>d$ z some?+ ho/ile to nature4 ,= a p]sonality to be possible1 timely isolation & ! necessity = an exi/5ce ( (f5ce & def5ce1 are pr]equisites2 some?+ 9 ! nature ( a wall$ enclosure1 a capacity = %utt+ out ! _w2 b above all1 a mu* l[] degree ( s5sitiv5ess ?an ! av]age man has1 :o is too easily infect$ ) ! views ( o!rs4 ,! fir/ "q conc]n+ ! ord] ( rank3 h[ f> is a man dispos$ to be solit>y or greg>i\s8 79 ! latt] case1 8 value consi/s 9 ^? qualities :i* secure ! survival ( 8 tribe or 8 type2 9 ! =m] case1 8 qualities are ^? :i* di/+ui% him f o!rs1 :i* isolate & def5d him1 & make 8 solitude possible74 ,consequ5ce3 ! solit>y type %\ld n be valu$ f ! /&po9t ( ! greg>i\s type1 or vice v]s4 ,view$ f above1 bo? types are necess>y2 z is likewise _! antagonism1--& no?+ is m ?or\ghly repreh5sible ?an ! desire :i* w\ld develop a ?ird ?+ out ( ! two 7virtue z h]maphroditism74 ,?is is z little wor?y ( desire z ! equalisation & reconciliation ( ! sexes4 ,! di/+ui%+ qualities mu/ be develop$ ev] m & m1 ! gulf mu/ be made ev] wid]4444 ,! concept ( deg5]ation 9 bo? cases3 ! approximation ( ! qualities ( ! h]d to ^? ( solit>y creatures3 & vice v]s--9 %ort1 :5 !y beg9 to resemble ea* o!r4 ,?is concept ( deg5]ation is beyond ! sph]e ( moral judgm5ts4 #hhg4 ,:]e ! /ronge/ natures are to be s\ght4 ,! ru9 & deg5]ation ( ! solit>y species is mu* great] & m t]rible3 !y h ! in/9cts ( ! h]d1 & ! tradition ( values1 aga9/ !m2 _! weapons ( def5ce1 _! in/9cts ( self-pres]vation1 are f ! beg9n+ insuffici5tly /rong & reliable--=tune mu/ be peculi>ly fav\rable to !m if !y are to prosp] 7!y prosp] be/ 9 ! l[e/ ranks & dregs ( society2 if ye are seek+ p]sonalities x is !re t ye w f9d !m ) mu* great] c]ta9ty ?an 9 ! middle classes67 ,:5 ! dispute betwe5 ranks & classes1 :i* aims at equality ( rights1 is almo/ settl$1 ! fight w beg9 aga9/ ! solit>y p]son4 7,9 a c]ta9 s5se ! latt] c ma9ta9 & develop himself mo/ easily 9 a democratic society3 !re :]e ! co>s] means ( def5ce are no long] necess>y1 & a c]ta9 habit ( ord]1 hone/y1 ju/ice1 tru/1 is already a g5]al condition47 ,! /ronge/ mu/ be mo/ tightly b\nd1 mo/ /rictly wat*$1 laid 9 *a9s & sup]vis$3 ?is is ! in/9ct ( ! h]d4 ,to !m belongs a rgime ( self-ma/]y1 ( ascetic deta*m5t1 ( duties consi/+ 9 exhau/+ "w1 9 :i* "o c no long] call "o's s\l "o's own4 #hhh4 ,i am attempt+ an economic ju/ification ( virtue4 ,! object is to make man z useful z possible1 & to make him approximate z ne>ly z "o c to an infallible ma*9e3 to ?is end he mu/ be equipp$ ) ma*9e-l virtues 7he mu/ le>n to value ^? /ates 9 :i* he works 9 a mo/ me*anically useful way1 z ! highe/ ( all3 to ?is end x is necess>y to make him z disgu/$ z possible ) ! o!r /ates1 & to repres5t !m z v dang]\s & despicable74 ,"h is ! fir/ /umbl+-block3 ! t$i\sness & monotony :i* all me*anical activity br+s ) x4 ,to le>n to endure ?is--& n only to endure x1 b to see t$ium envelop$ 9 a ray ( exce$+ *>m3 ?is hi!rto has be5 ! task ( all high] s*ools4 ,to le>n some?+ :i* y don't c>e a fig ab\t1 & to f9d precisely y\r duty 9 ?is objective activity2 to le>n to value happ9ess & duty z ?+s ap>t2 ?is is ! invaluable task & p]=mance ( high] s*ools4 ,x is on ?is acc\nt t ! philologi/ has1 hi!rto1 be5 ! educator p] se3 because 8 activity1 9 itself1 af=ds ! be/ patt]n ( magnific5t monotony 9 action2 "u 8 bann] y\?s le>n to swat3 fir/ pr]equisite = ! ?or\gh fulfilm5t ( me*anical duties 9 ! future 7z ,/ate (ficials1 husb&s1 slaves ( ! desk1 newspap] read]s1 & soldi]s74 ,su* an exi/5ce may p]haps require a philosophical glorification & ju/ification m ?an any o!r3 pleasurable feel+s mu/ be valu$ by "s sort ( infallible tribunal1 z altoge!r ( inf]ior rank2 duty p] se p]haps ev5 ! pa?os ( rev]5ce 9 reg>d to ev]y?+ unpleasant1--mu/ be dem&$ imp]atively z t :i* is above all useful1 delightful1 & practical ?+s4444 ,a me*anical =m ( exi/5ce reg>d$ z ! highe/ & mo/ respectable =m ( exi/5ce1 wor%ipp+ itself 7type3 ,kant z ! fanatic ( ! =mal concept ,?\ %alt74 #hhi4 ,! economic valuation ( all ! ideals t h exi/$ hi!rto--t is to say1 ! selection & re>+ ( def9ite passions & /ates at ! co/ ( o!r passions & /ates4 ,! lawgiv] 7or ! in/9ct ( ! community7 selects a numb] ( /ates & passions ! exi/5ce ( :i* gu>antees ! p]=mance ( regul> actions 7me*anical actions w\ld ?us be ! result ( ! regul> requirem5ts ( ^? passions & /ates74 ,9 ! ev5t ( ^! /ates & passions conta9+ +r$i5ts :i* 7 pa9ful1 a means w\ld h to be f\nd = ov]com+ ?is pa9fulness by means ( a valuation2 pa9 w\ld h to be int]pret$ z some?+ valuable1 z some?+ pleasurable 9 a high] s5se4 ,conceiv$ 9 a =mula3 ,h[ does some?+ unpleasant become pleasant8 ,= in/ance1 :5 our ob$i5ce & our submission to ! law become hon\r$1 ?anks to ! en]gy1 p[]1 & self-control !y entail4 ,! same holds good ( our public _s1 ( our neighb\rl9ess1 ( our patriotism1 our humanisation1 our altruism1 & our h]oism4 ,! object ( all idealism %\ld1 be to induce p to d unpleasant ?+s *e]fully4 #hij4 ,! belittlem5t ( man mu/ be held z ! *ief aim = a long :ile3 because :at is ne$$ 9 ! fir/ place is a broad basis f :i* a /rong] species ( man may arise 7to :at ext5t hi!rto has e /rong] species ( man aris5 f a sub/ratum ( inf]ior p874 #hia4 ,! absurd & contemptible =m ( idealism :i* w\ld n h m$iocrity m$iocre1 & :i* in/ead ( feel+ triumphant at be+ exceptional1 becomes indignant at c[>dice1 fals5ess1 pett9ess1 & wret*$ness4 ,we %\ld n wi% ?+s to be any diff]5t1 we %\ld make ! gulfs ev5 wid]6--,! high] types among m5 %\ld be compell$ to di/+ui% !mselves by means ( ! sacrifices :i* !y make to _! own exi/5ce4 ,pr9cipal po9t ( view2 di/ances mu/ be e/abli%$1 b no contra/s mu/ be creat$4 ,! middle classes mu/ be dissolv$1 & _! influ5ce decreas$3 ?is is ! pr9cipal means ( ma9ta9+ di/ances4 #hib4 ,:o w\ld d>e to disgu/ ! m$iocre ( _! m$iocrity6 ,z y obs]ve1 ,i d precisely ! rev]se3 e /ep away f m$iocrity--?us d ,i tea*--leads to immorality4 #hic4 ,to hate m$iocrity is unwor?y ( a philosoph]3 x is almo/ a note ( int]rogation to 8 "r to philosophy4 ,x is precisely because he is ! exception t he mu/ protect ! rule & +ratiate all m$iocre p4 #hid4 ,:at ,i combat3 t an exceptional =m %\ld make w> ^u ! rule--in/ead ( und]/&+ t ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ! rule is ! fir/ condition ( ! value ( ! exception4 ,= in/ance1 !re are wom5 :o1 in/ead ( consid]+ _! abnormal ?ir/ = k z a di/9ction1 w\ld fa9 dislocate ! :ole /atus ( womanhood4 #hie4 ,! increase ( /r5g? despite ! tempor>y ru9 ( ! individual3-- ,a new level mu/ be e/abli%$2 ,we mu/ h a me?od ( /or+ up =ces = ! ma9t5ance ( small p]=mances1 9 opposition to economic wa/e2 ,de/ructive nature mu/ = once be r$uc$ to an in/rum5t ( ?is economy ( ! future2 ,! weak mu/ be ma9ta9$1 because !re is an enorm\s mass ( f9ick+ "w to be done2 ,! weak & ! suff]+ mu/ be upheld 9 _! belief t exi/5ce is /ill possible2 ,solid>ity mu/ be implant$ z an in/9ct oppos$ to ! in/9ct ( fe> & s]vility2 ,w> mu/ be made ^u accid5t1 ev5 ^u ! accid5t ( ! great man4 #hif4 ,w> ^u great m5 ju/ifi$ on economic gr\nds4 ,great m5 are dang]\s2 !y are accid5ts1 exceptions1 tempe/s1 :i* are /rong en\gh to "q ?+s :i* x has tak5 "t to build & e/abli%4 ,explosive mat]ial mu/ n only be dis*>g$ h>mlessly1 b1 if possible1 its dis*>ge mu/ be prev5t$ altoge!r1 ?is is ! fundam5tal in/9ct ( all civilis$ society4 #hig4 ,he :o ?9ks ov] ! "q ( h[ ! type man may be elevat$ to its highe/ glory & p[]1 w realise f ! />t t he mu/ place himself beyond morality2 = morality 0 direct$ 9 its ess5tials at ! opposite goal--t is to say1 its aim 0 to arre/ & to annihilate t glori\s developm5t :]ev] x 0 9 process ( accompli%m5t4 ,=1 z a matt] ( fact1 developm5t ( t sort implies t su* an enorm\s numb] ( m5 mu/ be subs]vi5t to x1 t a c\nt]-movem5t is only too natural3 ! weak]1 m delicate1 m m$iocre exi/5ces1 f9d x necess>y to take up sides aga9/ t glory ( life & p[]2 & = t purpose !y mu/ get a new valuation ( !mselves by means ( :i* !y are able to condemn1 & if possible to de/roy1 life 9 ?is high degree ( pl5itude4 ,morality is !re=e ess5tially ! expression ( ho/ility to life1 9 s f> z x w\ld ov]come vital types4 #hih4 ,! /rong ( ! future4--,to :at ext5t necessity on ! "o h& & accid5t on ! o!r h atta9$ to conditions f :i* a /rong] species may be re>$3 ?is we are n[ able to und]/& & to br+ ab\t consci\sly2 we c n[ create ^? conditions "u :i* su* an elevation is possible4 ,hi!rto education has always aim$ at ! utility ( society3 n ! greate/ possible utility = ! future1 b ! utility ( ! society actually extant4 ,:at p requir$ 7 in/rum5ts = ?is purpose4 ,provid$ ! weal? ( =ces 7 great]1 x w\ld be possible to ?9k ( a draft be+ made ^u !m1 ! aim ( :i* w\ld n be ! utility ( society1 b "s future utility4 ,! m p grasp$ to :at ext5t ! pres5t =m ( society 0 9 su* a /ate ( transition z soon] or lat] to be no long] able to exi/ = its own sake1 b only z a means 9 ! h&s ( a /rong] race1 ! m ?is task w\ld h to be br\ght =w>d4 ,! increas+ belittlem5t ( man is precisely ! impell+ p[] :i* leads "o to ?9k ( ! cultivation ( a /rong] race3 a race :i* w\ld h a surplus precisely !re :]e ! dw>f$ species 0 weak & gr[+ weak] 7w1 responsibility1 self-reliance1 ! ability to po/ulate aims = "o's self74 ,! means w\ld be ^? :i* hi/ory tea*es3 isolation by means ( pres]vative int]e/s :i* w\ld be ! rev]se ( ^? g5]ally accept$2 ex]cise 9 transvalu$ valuations2 di/ance z pa?os2 a clean consci5ce 9 :at to-day is mo/ despis$ & mo/ prohibit$4 ,! levell+ ( ! mank9d ( ,europe is ! great process :i* %\ld n be arre/$2 x %\ld ev5 be accel]at$4 ,! necessity ( cleav+ gulfs1 ( di/ance1 ( ! ord] ( rank1 is !re=e imp]ative2 b n ! necessity ( ret>d+ ! process above m5tion$4 ,?is levell$-d[n species requires ju/ification z soon z x is atta9$3 its ju/ification is t x exi/s = ! s]vice ( a high] & sov]eign race :i* /&s ^u x & c only be elevat$ ^u its %\ld]s to ! task :i* x is de/9$ to p]=m4 ,n only a rul+ race ^: task w\ld be consummat$ 9 rul+ alone3 b a race ) vital sph]es ( its own1 ) an ov]fl[ ( en]gy = beauty1 brav]y1 culture1 & mann]s1 ev5 = ! mo/ ab/ract ?\ght2 a yea-say+ race :i* w\ld be able to all[ itself e k9d ( great luxury--/rong en\gh to be able to disp5se ) ! tyranny ( ! imp]atives ( virtue1 ri* en\gh to be 9 no ne$ ( economy or p$antry2 beyond good & evil2 a =c+-h\se = r>e & exceptional plants4 #hii4 ,our psy*ologi/s1 ^: glance dwells involunt>ily ^u ! symptoms ( decad5ce1 lead u to mi/ru/ intellect ev] m & m4 ,p p]si/ 9 see+ only ! weak5+1 pamp]+1 & sick5+ effects ( intellect1 b !re are n[ go+ to appe>3-- ,new ,cynics ,! union ( intellectual b>b>ians ,exp]im5tali/s sup]iority ) well-be+ ,conqu]ors & an ov]fl[ ( /r5g?4 #ijj4 ,i po9t to some?+ new3 c]ta9ly = su* a democratic community !re is a dang] ( b>b>ians2 b ^! are s\ght only d[n bel[4 ,!re is also ano!r k9d ( b>b>ians :o come f ! heights3 a k9d ( conqu]+ & rul+ natures1 :i* are 9 se>* ( mat]ial t !y c m\ld4 ,prome!us 0 a b>b>ian ( ?is /amp4 #ija4 ,pr9cipal /&po9t3 "o %\ld n suppose ! mission ( a high] species to be ! lead+ ( inf]ior m5 7z ,comte does1 = in/ance72 b ! inf]ior %\ld be reg>d$ z ! f\ndation ^u :i* a high] species may live _! high] life--^u :i* alone !y c /&4 ,! conditions "u :i* a /rong1 noble species ma9ta9s itself 79 ! matt] ( intellectual discipl9e7 are precisely ! rev]se ( ^? "u :i* ! indu/rial masses--! tea-groc]s la ,sp5c]--subsi/4 ,^? qualities :i* are )9 ! grasp only ( ! /ronge/ & mo/ t]rible natures1 & :i* make _! exi/5ce possible leisure1 adv5ture1 disbelief1 & ev5 dissipation--w\ld necess>ily ru9 m$iocre natures --& does d s--:5 !y possess !m4 ,9 ! case ( ! latt] indu/ry1 regul>ity1 mod]ation1 & /rong conviction are 9 _! prop] place--9 %ort1 all greg>i\s virtues3 "u _! influ5ce ^! m$iocre m5 become p]fect4 #ijb4 ,conc]n+ ! rul+ types4 ,! %eph]d z oppos$ to ! "l 7! =m] is only a means to ! ma9t5ance ( ! h]d2 ! latt]1 ! purpose = :i* ! h]d exi/s74 #ijc4 ,! tempor>y prepond]ance ( social valuations is bo? compreh5sible & useful2 x is a matt] ( build+ a f\ndation ^u :i* a /rong] species w ultimately be made possible4 ,! /&>d ( /r5g?3 to be able to live "u ! transvalu$ valuations1 & to desire !m = all et]nity4 ,/ate & society reg>d$ z a sub-/ructure3 economic po9t ( view1 education conceiv$ z bre$+4 #ijd4 ,a consid]ation :i* free spirits lack3 t ! same discipl9e :i* makes a /rong nature /ill /rong]1 & enables x to g 9 = big und]tak+s1 breaks up & )]s ! m$iocre3 d\bt --la l>geur de cur--exp]im5t--indep5d5ce4 #ije4 ,! hamm]4 ,h[ %\ld m5 :o mu/ value 9 ! opposite way be con/itut$8--,m5 :o possess all ! qualities ( ! mod]n s\l1 b are /rong en\gh to conv]t !m into real heal?8 ,! means to _! task4 #ijf4 ,! /rong man1 :o is mighty 9 ! in/9cts ( a /rong & heal?y organisation1 dige/s 8 de$s j z well z he dige/s 8 meals2 he ev5 gets ov] ! effects ( heavy f>e3 9 ! ma91 h[ev]1 he is l$ by an inviolable & sev]e in/9ct :i* prev5ts 8 do+ any?+ :i* goes aga9/ 8 gra91 j z he nev] does any?+ aga9/ 8 ta/e4 #ijg4 ,c we =esee ! fav\rable circum/ances "u :i* creatures ( ! highe/ value might arise8 ,x is a ?\s& times too complicat$1 & ! probabilities ( failure are v great3 on t acc\nt we _c be inspir$ by ! ?\ght ( /riv+ aft] !m6 ,scepticism4--,to oppose ?is we c enhance c\rage1 insight1 h>dness1 indep5d5ce1 & ! feel+ ( responsibility2 we c also subtilise & le>n to =e/all ! delicacy ( ! scales1 s t fav\rable accid5ts may be enli/$ on our side4 #ijh4 ,be=e we c ev5 ?9k ( act+1 an enorm\s am\nt ( "w requires to be done4 ,9 ! ma91 h[ev]1 a cauti\s exploitation ( ! pres5t conditions w\ld be our be/ & mo/ advisable c\rse ( action4 ,! actual creation ( conditions su* z ^? :i* occur by accid5t1 presupposes ! exi/5ce ( iron m5 su* z h n yet liv$4 ,our fir/ task mu/ be to make ! p]sonal ideal prevail & become realis$6 ,he :o has und]/ood ! nature ( man & ! orig9 ( mank9d's greate/ specim5s1 %udd]s be=e man & takes flight f all action3 ?is is ! result ( inh]it$ valuations66 ,my consolation is1 t ! nature ( man is evil1 & ?is gu>antees 8 /r5g?6 #iji4 ,! typical =ms ( self-developm5t1 or ! eight pr9cipal que/ions3-- #a4 ,d we want to be m multif>i\s or m simple ?an we are8 #b4 ,d we want to be happi] ?an we are1 or m indiff]5t to bo? happ9ess & unhapp9ess8 #c4 ,d we want to be m satisfi$ ) ourselves1 or m exact+ & m inexorable8 #d4 ,d we want to be s(t]1 m yield+1 & m human ?an we are1 or m inhuman8 #e4 ,d we want to be m prud5t ?an we are1 or m d>+8 #f4 ,d we want to atta9 a goal1 or d we want to avoid all goals 7l ! philosoph]1 = in/ance1 :o sc5ts a b\nd>y1 a cul-de-sac1 a prison1 a piece ( fooli%ness 9 e goal78 #g4 ,d we want to become m respect$1 or m fe>$1 or m despis$8 #h4 ,d we want to become tyrants1 & s$uc]s1 or d we want to become %eph]ds & greg>i\s animals8 #iaj4 ,! type ( my disciples4--,to su* m5 z conc]n vie 9 any way ,i wi% suff]+1 desolation1 sickness1 ill-treatm5t1 indignities ( all k9ds4 ,i wi% !m to be acqua9t$ ) pr(\nd self-contempt1 ) ! m>tyrdom ( self-di/ru/1 ) ! mis]y ( ! defeat$3 ,i h no pity = !m2 because ,i wi% !m to h ! only ?+ :i* to-day proves :e!r a man has any value or n1 namely1 ! capacity ( /ick+ to 8 guns4 #iaa4 ,! happ9ess & self-cont5t$ness ( ! lazz>oni1 or ! bless$ness ( beautiful s\ls1 or ! consumptive love ( ,puritan pieti/s1 proves no?+ 9 reg>d to ! ord] ( rank among m54 ,z a great educator "o ought inexorably to ?ra% a race ( su* blissful creatures into unhapp9ess4 ,! dang] ( belittlem5t & ( a slack5+ ( p[]s foll[s imm$iately ,i am oppos$ to happ9ess la ,sp9oza or la ,epicurus1 & to all ! relaxation ( contemplative /ates4 ,b :5 virtue is ! means to su* happ9ess1 well !n1 "o mu/ ma/] ev5 virtue4 #iab4 ,i _c see h[ any "o c make up = hav+ miss$ go+ to a good s*ool at ! prop] "t4 ,su* a p]son does n "k himself2 he walks ?r\gh life )\t ev] hav+ le>n$ to walk4 ,8 s(t muscles betray !mselves at e /ep4 ,occasionally life itself is m]ciful en\gh to make a man recov] ?is lo/ & sev]e s*ool+3 by means ( p]iods ( sickness1 p]haps1 :i* exact ! utmo/ w-p[] & self-control2 or by means ( a sudd5 /ate ( pov]ty1 :i* ?reat5s 8 wife & *ild1 & :i* may =ce a man to su* activity z w re/ore en]gy to 8 slack5$ t5dons1 & a t\gh _s to 8 w to life4 ,! mo/ desirable ?+ ( all1 h[ev]1 is1 "u all circum/ances to h sev]e discipl9e at ! "r "t1 i4e4 at t age :5 x makes u pr\d t p %\ld expect great ?+s f u4 ,= ?is is :at di/+ui%es h>d s*ool+1 z good s*ool+1 f e o!r s*ool+1 namely1 t a good deal is dem&$1 t a good deal is sev]ely exact$2 t goodness1 nay ev5 excell5ce itself1 is requir$ z if x 7 normal2 t praise is scanty1 t l5i5cy is non-exi/5t2 t blame is %>p1 practical1 & )\t reprieve1 & has no reg>d to tal5t & antec$5ts4 ,we are 9 e way 9 ne$ ( su* a s*ool3 & ?is holds good ( corporeal z well z ( spiritual ?+s2 x w\ld be fatal to draw di/9ctions "h6 ,! same discipl9e makes ! soldi] & ! s*ol> effici5t2 &1 look$ at m closely1 !re is no true s*ol> :o has n ! in/9cts ( a true soldi] 9 8 ve9s4 ,to be able to comm& & to be able to obey 9 a pr\d fa%ion2 to keep "o's place 9 rank & file1 & yet to be ready at any mom5t to lead2 to pref] dang] to com=t2 n to weigh :at is p]mitt$ & :at is =bidd5 9 a tradesman's balance2 to be m ho/ile to pett9ess1 slyness1 & p>asitism ?an to wick$ness4 ,:at is x t "o le>ns 9 a h>d s*ool8--to obey & to comm&4 #iac4 ,we %\ld repudiate m]it--& d only t :i* /&s above all praise & above all und]/&+4 #iad4 ,! new =ms ( morality3-- ,fai?ful v[s conc]n+ t :i* "o wi%es to d or to leave undone2 complete & def9ite ab/5tion f _m ?+s4 ,te/s z to :e!r "o is ripe = su* discipl9e4 #iae4 ,x is my desire to naturalise asceticism3 ,i w\ld sub/itute ! old int5tion ( asceticism1 self-d5ial1 by my own int5tion1 self-/r5g!n+3 a gymna/ic ( ! w2 a p]iod ( ab/95ce & occasional fa/+ ( e k9d1 ev5 9 ?+s intellectual2 a casui/ry 9 de$s1 9 reg>d to ! op9ions :i* we d]ive f our p[]s2 we %\ld try our h& at adv5ture & at delib]ate dang]s4 7,dn]s *ez ,magny3 all intellectual g\rmets ) spoilt /oma*s47 ,te/s ought also to be devis$ = discov]+ a man's p[] 9 keep+ 8 ^w4 #iaf4 ,! ?+s :i* h become spoilt ?r\gh hav+ be5 abus$ by ! ,*ur*3-- 7#a7 ,asceticism4--,p h sc>cely got ! c\rage yet to br+ to light ! natural utility & necessity ( asceticism = ! purpose ( ! education ( ! w4 ,our ridicul\s _w ( education1 be=e ^: eyes ! useful ,/ate (ficial hov]s z an ideal to be /riv5 =1 believes t x has complet$ its duty :5 x has in/ruct$ or tra9$ ! bra92 x nev] ev5 suspects t some?+ else is fir/ ( all necess>y --! education ( w-p[]2 te/s are devis$ = ev]y?+ except = ! mo/ important ?+ ( all3 :e!r a man c w1 :e!r he c promise2 ! "y man completes 8 education )\t a "q or an inquiry hav+ be5 made conc]n+ ! problem ( ! highe/ value ( 8 nature4 7#b7 ,fa/+3--,9 e s5se--ev5 z a means ( ma9ta9+ ! capacity = tak+ pleasure 9 all good ?+s 7= in/ance1 to give up read+ = a :ile1 to he> no music = a :ile1 to cease f be+ amiable = a :ile3 "o ought also to h fa/ days = "o's virtues74 7#c7 ,! mona/]y4--,tempor>y isolation ) sev]e seclusion f all lett]s1 = in/ance2 a k9d ( pr(\nd introspection & self-recov]y1 :i* does n g out ( ! way ( temptations1 b out ( ! way ( duties2 a /epp+ out ( ! daily r\nd ( "o's environm5t2 a deta*m5t f ! tyranny ( /imuli & ext]nal influ5ces1 :i* condemns u to exp5d our p[] only 9 reactions1 & does n all[ x to ga!r volume until x bur/s into spontane\s activity 7let anybody exam9e our s*ol>s closely3 !y only ?9k reflexively1 i4e4 !y mu/ fir/ read be=e !y c ?9k74 7#d7 ,fea/s4--,a man mu/ be v co>se 9 ord] n to feel ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/ians & ,*ri/ian values z oppressive1 s oppressive z to s5d all fe/ive moods to ! devil4 ,by fea/s we und]/&3 pride1 high-spirits1 exub]ance2 scorn ( all k9ds ( s]i\sness & ,phili/9ism2 a div9e say+ ( ,yea to "o's self1 z ! result ( physical pl5itude & p]fection--all /ates to :i* ! ,*ri/ian _c hone/ly say ,yea4 ,a fea/ is a pagan ?+ p> excell5ce4 7#e7 ,! c\rage ( ones own nature3 dress+-up 9 morality1--,to be able to call "o's passions good )\t ! help ( a moral =mula3 ?is is ! /&>d :i* measures ! ext5t to :i* a man is able to say ,yea to 8 own nature1 namely1 h[ mu* or h[ little he has to h rec\rse to morality4 7#f7 ,dea?4--,! fooli% physiological fact mu/ be conv]t$ into a moral necessity4 ,"o %\ld live 9 su* a way t "o may h ! w to die at ! "r "t6 #iag4 ,to feel ones self /rong] or1 express$ o!rwise3 happ9ess always presupposes a comp>ison 7n necess>ily ) o!rs1 b ) "o's self1 9 ! mid/ ( a /ate ( gr[?1 & )\t be+ consci\s t "o is comp>+74 ,artificial acc5tuation3 :e!r by means ( excit+ *emicals or excit+ errors 7halluc9ations47 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ,*ri/ian's feel+ ( security2 he feels himself /rong 9 8 confid5ce1 9 8 pati5ce1 & 8 resignation3 ?is artificial acc5tuation he owes to ! fancy t he is protect$ by a ,god4 ,take ! feel+ ( sup]iority1 = in/ance3 z :5 ! ,caliph ( ,morocco sees only globes on :i* 8 ?ree unit$ k+doms cov] f\r-fif?s ( ! space4 ,take ! feel+ ( uniqu5ess1 = in/ance3 z :5 ! ,european imag9es t culture belongs to ,europe alone1 & :5 he reg>ds himself z a sort ( abridg$ cosmic process2 or1 z :5 ! ,*ri/ian makes all exi/5ce revolve r\nd ! ,salvation ( man4 ,! "q is1 :]e does "o beg9 to feel ! pressure ( con/ra9t3 x is ?us t diff]5t degrees are asc]ta9$4 ,a philosoph] = in/ance1 9 ! mid/ ( ! coole/ & mo/ transmontane feats ( ab/raction feels l a fi% t ent]s its elem5t3 :ile col\rs & tones oppress him2 n to speak ( ^? dumb desires--( t :i* o!rs call ! ideal4 #iah4 ,a heal?y & vigor\s little boy w look up s>ca/ically if he be ask$3 ,wilt ?\ become virtu\s8--b he imm$iately becomes eag] if he be ask$3 ,wilt ?\ become /rong] ?an ?y comrades8 999999 ,h[ does "o become /rong]8--,by decid+ sl[ly2 & by hold+ firmly to ! decision once x is made4 ,ev]y?+ else foll[s ( itself4 ,spontane\s & *angeable natures3 bo? species ( ! weak4 ,we mu/ n conf\nd ourselves ) !m2 we mu/ feel di/ance--betimes6 ,bew>e ( good-natur$ p64 ,deal+s ) !m make "o torpid4 ,all environm5t is good :i* makes "o ex]cise ^? def5sive &2 aggressive p[]s :i* are in/9ctive 9 man4 ,all "o's inv5tiv5ess %\ld apply itself to putt+ "o's p[] ( w to ! te/4444 ,"h ! det]m9+ factor mu/ be recognis$ z some?+ :i* is n k1 a/ut5ess1 or wit4 ,"o mu/ le>n to comm& betimes1--likewise to obey4 ,a man mu/ le>n mode/y & tact 9 mode/y3 he mu/ le>n to di/+ui% & to hon\r :]e mode/y is display$2 he mu/ likewise di/+ui% & hon\r :]ev] he be/[s 8 confid5ce4 ,:at does "o rep5t mo/8 ,"o's mode/y2 ! fact t "o has n l5t an e> to "o's mo/ individual ne$s2 ! fact t "o has mi/ak5 "o's self2 ! fact t "o has e/eem$ "o's self l[2 ! fact t "o has lo/ all delicacy ( he>+ 9 reg>d to "o's in/9cts4--,?is want ( rev]5ce 9 reg>d to "o's self is av5g$ by all sorts ( losses3 9 heal?1 fri5d%ip1 well-be+1 pride1 *e]fulness1 fre$om1 det]m9ation1 c\rage4 ,a man nev] =gives himself1 lat] on1 = ?is want ( g5u9e egoism3 he reg>ds x z an objection & z a cause ( d\bt conc]n+ 8 real ego4 #iai4 ,i %\ld l man to beg9 by respect+ himself3 ev]y?+ else foll[s ( itself4 ,naturally a man ceases f be+ any?+ to o!rs 9 ?is way3 = ?is is precisely :at !y are lea/ likely to =give4 ,:at8 a man :o respects himself8#d ,?is is some?+ q diff]5t f ! bl9d in/9ct to love "o's self4 ,no?+ is m common 9 ! love ( ! sexes or 9 t duality :i* is call$ ego1 ?an a c]ta9 contempt = t :i* is lov$ ! fatalism ( love4 ,footnote #d3 ,cf4 ,disraeli 9 ,tancr$3 ,self-respect1 too1 is a sup]/ition ( pa/ ages4444 ,x is n suit$ to ^! times2 x is mu* too arrogant1 too self-conceit$1 too egoi/ical4 ,no "o is important en\gh to h self-respect n[adays 7book iii4 *ap4 v474--,tr4 #ibj4 ,i w h ?is or t2 ,i w\ld t ?is or t 7 s2 ,i "k t ?is or t is s ! degrees ( p[]3 ! man ( w1 ! man ( desire1 ! man ( fate4 #iba4 ,! means by :i* a /rong species ma9ta9s itself3-- ,x grants itself ! "r ( exceptional actions1 z a te/ ( ! p[] ( self-control & ( fre$om4 ,x ab&ons itself to /ates 9 :i* a man is n all[$ to be any?+ else ?an a b>b>ian4 ,x tries to acquire /r5g? ( w by e k9d ( asceticism4 ,x is n expansive1 x practises sil5ce2 x is cauti\s 9 reg>d to all *>ms4 ,x le>ns to obey 9 su* a way t ob$i5ce provides a te/ ( self-ma9t5ance4 ,casui/ry is c>ri$ to its highe/ pit* 9 reg>d to po9ts ( hon\r4 ,x nev] argues1 ,:at is sauce = ! goose is sauce = ! g&]1--b conv]sely6 x reg>ds rew>d1 & ! ability to repay1 z a privilege1 z a di/9ction4 ,x does n covet o!r p's virtues4 #ibb4 ,! way 9 :i* "o has to treat raw savages & ! impossibility ( disp5s+ ) b>b>\s me?ods1 becomes obvi\s1 9 practice1 :5 "o is transplant$1 ) all "o's ,european pamp]+1 to a spot su* z ! ,congo1 or any:]e else :]e x is necess>y to ma9ta9 "o's ma/]y ov] b>b>ians4 #ibc4 ,w>like & peaceful p4--,art ?\ a man :o has ! in/9cts ( a w>rior 9 ?y blood8 ,if ?is be s1 ano!r "q mu/ be put4 ,d ?y in/9cts impel !e to attack or to def5d8 ,! re/ ( mank9d1 all ^? ^: in/9cts are n w>like1 desire peace1 concord1 fre$om1 equal rights3 ^! ?+s are b names & /eps = "o & ! same ?+4 ,su* m5 only wi% to g :]e x is n necess>y = !m to def5d !mselves1--su* m5 become discont5t$ ) !mselves :5 !y are oblig$ to (f] resi/ance3 !y w\ld fa9 create circum/ances 9 :i* w> is no long] necess>y4 ,if ! wor/ came to ! wor/1 !y w\ld resign !mselves1 obey1 & submit3 all ^! ?+s are bett] ?an wag+ w>--?us does ! ,*ri/ian's in/9ct1 = in/ance1 :isp] to him4 ,9 ! born w>rior's "* !re is some?+ ( arm\r1 likewise 9 ! *oice ( 8 circum/ances & 9 ! developm5t ( e "o ( 8 qualities1 weapons are be/ evolv$ by ! latt] type1 %ields are be/ devis$ by ! =m]4 ,:at exp$i5ts & :at virtues d ! un>m$ & ! undef5d$ require 9 ord] to survive--& ev5 to conqu]8 #ibd4 ,:at w become ( a man :o no long] has any reasons = ei!r def5ce or attack8 ,:at w rema9 ( 8 passions :5 he has lo/ ^? :i* =m 8 def5ce & 8 weapons8 #ibe4 ,a m>g9al note to a niais]ie anglaise3 ,d n to o!rs t :i* y w\ld n t !y %\ld d unto y4 ,?is /&s = wisdom2 ?is /&s = prud5ce2 ?is /&s z ! v basis ( morality z a gold5 maxim4 ,john ,/u>t ,mill believes 9 x 7& :at ,engli%man does n874444 ,b ! maxim does n be> inve/igation4 ,! argum5t1 ,d n z y w\ld n be done by1 =bids action :i* produce h>mful results2 ! ?\ght beh9d always is t an action is inv>iably requit$4 ,:at if "s "o came =w>d ) ! ,pr9cipe 9 8 h&s1 & said3 ,we mu/ d ^? actions alone :i* enable u to /eal a m>* on o!rs1--& :i* deprive o!rs ( ! p[] ( do+ ! same to u8--,on ! o!r h&1 let u rememb] ! ,corsican :o pl$ges 8 hon\r to v5detta4 ,he too does n desire to h a bullet ?r\gh him2 b ! prospect ( "o1 ! probability ( gett+ "o1 does n det] him f v9dicat+ 8 hon\r4444 ,& 9 all really dec5t actions are we n int5tionally indiff]5t z to :at result !y w br+8 ,to avoid an action :i* might h h>mful results1--t w\ld be tantam\nt to =bidd+ all dec5t actions 9 g5]al4 ,ap>t f ?is1 ! above maxim is valuable because x betrays a c]ta9 type ( man3 x is ! in/9ct ( ! h]d :i* =mulates itself ?r\gh him1--we are equal1 we reg>d ea* o!r z equal3 z ,i am to !e s art ?\ to me4--,9 ?is community equival5ce ( actions is really believ$ 9--an equival5ce :i* nev] "u any circum/ances manife/s itself 9 real conditions4 ,x is impossible to requite e action3 among real individuals equal actions d n exi/1 consequ5tly !re c be no su* ?+ z requital4 444 ,:5 ,i d any?+1 ,i am v f> f ?9k+ t any man is able to d any?+ at all l x3 ! action belongs to me4444 ,nobody c pay me back = any?+ ,i d2 ! mo/ t c be done is to make me ! victim ( ano!r action4 #ibf4 ,aga9/ ,john ,/u>t ,mill4--,i abhor ! man's vulg>ity :5 he says3 ,:at is "r = "o man is "r = ano!r2 ,d n to o!rs t :i* y w\ld n t !y %\ld d unto y4 ,su* pr9ciples w\ld fa9 e/abli% ! :ole ( human traffic ^u mutual s]vices1 s t e action w\ld appe> to be a ca% paym5t = some?+ done to u4 ,! hypo!sis "h is ignoble to ! la/ degree3 x is tak5 = grant$ t !re is "s sort ( equival5ce 9 value betwe5 my actions & ?9e2 ! mo/ p]sonal value ,( an action is simply cancell$ 9 ?is mann] 7t "p ( an action :i* has no equival5t & :i* _c be remun]at$74 ,reciprocity is a piece ( egregi\s vulg>ity2 ! m]e fact t :at ,i d _c & may n be done by ano!r1 t !re is no su* ?+ z equival5ce 7except 9 ^? v select circles :]e "o actually has "o's equal1 int] p>es71 t 9 a really pr(\nd s5se a man nev] requites because he is some?+ unique 9 himself & c only d unique ?+s1--?is fundam5tal conviction conta9s ! cause ( ari/ocratic alo(ness f ! mob1 because ! latt] believes 9 equality1 & consequ5tly 9 ! feasibility ( equival5ce & reciprocity4 #ibg4 ,! suburban ,phili/9ism ( moral valuations & ( its concepts useful & h>mful is well f\nd$2 x is ! necess>y po9t ( view ( a community :i* is only able to see & survey imm$iate & proximate consequ5ces4 ,! ,/ate & ! political man are already 9 ne$ ( a m sup]-moral attitude ( m9d3 because !y h to calculate conc]n+ a mu* m complicat$ tissue ( consequ5ces4 ,an economic policy = ! :ole _w %\ld be possible :i* c\ld look at ?+s 9 su* broad p]spective t all its isolat$ dem&s w\ld seem = ! mom5t n only unju/1 b arbitr>y4 #ibh4 ,%\ld "o foll[ "o's feel+s8--,to set "o's life at /ake on ! impulse ( ! mom5t1 & actuat$ by a g5]\s feel+1 has little wor?1 & does n ev5 di/+ui% "o4 ,ev]ybody is alike 9 be+ capable ( ?is--& 9 behav+ 9 ?is way ) det]m9ation1 ! crim9al1 ! b&it1 & ! ,corsican c]ta9ly out/rip ! hone/ man4 ,a high] degree ( excell5ce w\ld be to ov]come ?is impulse1 & to refra9 f p]=m+ an h]oic de$ at its bidd+--& to rema9 cold1 raisonnable1 free f ! tempe/u\s surg+ ( concomitant s5sations ( delight4444 ,! same holds good ( pity3 x mu/ fir/ be sift$ ?r\gh reason2 )\t ?is x becomes j z dang]\s z any o!r passion4 ,! bl9d yield+ to a passion1 :e!r x be g5]osity1 pity1 or ho/ility1 is ! cause ( ! greate/ evil4 ,greatness ( "* does n consi/ 9 n possess+ ^! passions--on ! contr>y1 a man %\ld possess !m to a t]rible degree3 b he %\ld lead !m by ! bridle44 & ev5 ?is he %\ld n d out ( love ( control1 b m]ely because4444 #ibi4 ,to give up "o's life = a cause--v effective4 ,b !re are _m ?+s = :i* "o gives up "o's life3 ! passions1 "o & all1 w be gratifi$4 ,:e!r "o's life be pl$g$ to pity1 to ang]1 or to rev5ge--x matt]s n f ! po9t ( view ( value4 ,h[ _m h n sacrific$ _! lives = pretty girls--& ev5 :at is worse1 _! heal?6 ,:5 "o has temp]am5t1 "o in/9ctively *ooses ! mo/ dang]\s ?+s3 if "o is a philosoph]1 = in/ance1 "o *ooses ! adv5tures ( speculation2 if "o is virtu\s1 "o *ooses immorality4 ,"o k9d ( man w risk no?+1 ano!r k9d w risk ev]y?+4 ,are we despis]s ( life8 ,on ! contr>y1 :at we seek is life rais$ to a high] p[]1 life 9 dang]4444 ,b1 let me repeat1 we d n1 on t acc\nt1 wi% to be m virtu\s ?an o!rs1 ,pascal1 = in/ance1 wi%$ to risk no?+1 & rema9$ a ,*ri/ian4 ,t p]haps 0 virtu\s4----,a man always sacrifices some?+4 #icj4 ,h[ _m advantages does n a man sacrifice6 ,to h[ small an ext5t does he seek 8 own pr(it6 ,all 8 emotions & passions wi% to ass]t _! rights1 & h[ remote a passion is ,f t cauti\s utility :i* consi/s 9 p]sonal pr(it6 ,a man does n /rive aft] happ9ess2 "o mu/ be an ,engli%man to be able to believe t a man is always seek+ 8 own advantage4 ,our desires long to violate ?+s ) passion--_! ov]fl[+ /r5g? seeks ob/acles4 #ica4 ,all passions are g5]ally useful1 "s directly1 o!rs indirectly2 9 reg>d to utility x is absolutely impossible to fix ^u any gradation ( values1--h[ev] c]ta9ly ! =ces ( nature 9 g5]al may be reg>d$ z good 7i4e4 useful71 f an economic po9t ( view1 !y are /ill ! s\rces ( mu* t is t]rible & mu* t is fatally irrevocable4 ,! mo/ "o might say w\ld be1 t ! mightie/ passions are ! mo/ valuable3 see+ t no /rong] s\rces ( p[] exi/4 #icb4 ,all well-mean+1 helpful1 good-natur$ attitudes ( m9d h n come to be hon\r$ on acc\nt ( _! usefulness3 b because !y are ! conditions peculi> to ri* s\ls :o are able to be/[ & ^: value consi/s 9 _! vital exub]ance4 ,look into ! eyes ( ! b5evol5t man6 ,9 !m y w see ! exact rev]se ( self-d5ial1 ( hatr$ ( self1 ( ,pascalism4 #icc4 ,9 %ort1 :at we require is to dom9ate ! passions & n to weak5 or to extirpate !m6--,! great] ! dom9at+ p[] ( ! w1 ! great] ! fre$om t may be giv5 to ! passions4 ,! great man is s1 ow+ to ! free scope :i* he gives to 8 desires1 & to ! /ill great] p[] :i* kn[s h[ to enli/ ^! magnific5t mon/]s into its s]vice4 ,! good man 9 e /age ( civilisation is at "o & ! same "t ! lea/ dang]\s & ! mo/ useful3 a sort ( m$ium2 ! idea =m$ ( su* a man by ! common m9d is t he is "s "o :om "o has no reason to fe>1 b :om "o mu/ n !re=e despise4 ,education3 ess5tially a means ( ru9+ exceptions 9 fav\r ( ! rule4 ,culture3 ess5tially ! means ( direct+ ta/e aga9/ ! exceptions 9 fav\r ( ! m$iocre4 ,only :5 a culture c dispose ( an ov]fl[ ( =ce1 is x capable ( be+ a ho?\se = ! luxuri\s culture ( ! exception1 ( ! exp]im5t1 ( ! dang]1 ( ! nuance3 ?is is ! t5d5cy ( e ari/ocratic culture4 #icd4 ,all que/ions ( /r5g?3 to :at ext5t ought "o to try & prevail aga9/ ! pres]vative measures ( society & ! latt]'s prejudices8--to :at ext5t ought "o to unfett] "o's t]rible qualities1 ?r\gh :i* s _m g to ! dogs8--to :at ext5t ought "o to run c\nt] to tru?1 & take up sides ) its mo/ que/ionable aspects8--to :at ext5t ought "o to oppose suff]+1 self-contempt1 pity1 disease1 vice1 :5 x is always op5 to "q :e!r "o c ev] ma/] !m 7:at does n kill u makes u /rong]444478--&1 f9ally1 to :at ext5t ought "o to ackn[l$ge ! rights ( ! rule1 ( ! common-place1 ( ! petty1 ( ! good1 ( ! upright1 9 fact ( ! av]age man1 )\t !reby all[+ "o's self to become vulg>8 444 ,! /ronge/ te/ ( "* is to resi/ be+ ru9$ by ! s$uctiv5ess ( goodness4 ,goodness mu/ be reg>d$ z a luxury1 z a ref9em5t1 z a vice4 #c4 ,! ,noble ,man4 #ice4 ,type4 real goodness1 nobility1 greatness ( s\l1 z ! result ( vital weal?3 :i* does n give 9 ord] to receive--& :i* has no desire to elevate itself by be+ good1 squ&]+ is typical ( g5u9e goodness1 vital p]sonal weal? is its pr]equisite4 #icf4 ,ari/ocracy4--,greg>i\s ideals at pres5t culm9at+ 9 ! highe/ /&>d ( value = society4 ,x has be5 attempt$ to give !m a cosmic1 yea1 & ev5 a metaphysical1 value4--,i def5d ari/ocracy aga9/ !m4 ,any society :i* w\ld ( itself pres]ve a feel+ ( respect & dlicatesse 9 reg>d to fre$om1 mu/ consid] itself z an exception1 & h a =ce aga9/ x f :i* x di/+ui%es itself1 & ^u :i* x looks d[n ) ho/ility4 ,! m rights ,i surr5d] & ! m ,i level myself d[n to o!rs1 ! m deeply d ,i s9k into ! av]age & ultimately into ! greate/ numb]4 ,! fir/ condition :i* an ari/ocratic society mu/ h 9 ord] to ma9ta9 a high degree ( fre$om among its memb]s1 is t extreme t5sion :i* arises f ! pres5ce ( ! mo/ antagoni/ic in/9cts 9 all its units3 f _! w to dom9ate4444 ,if ye w\ld fa9 d away ) /rong contra/s & diff]5ces ( rank1 ye w also aboli%1 /rong love1 l(ty attitudes ( m9d1 & ! feel+ ( individuality4 999999 ,conc]n+ ! actual psy*ology ( societies bas$ ^u fre$om & equality4--,:at is x t t5ds to dim9i% 9 su* a society8 ,! w to be responsible = ones self 7! loss ( ?is is a sign ( ! decl9e ( autonomy72 ! ability to def5d & to attack1 ev5 9 spiritual matt]s2 ! p[] ( comm&2 ! s5se ( rev]5ce1 ( subs]vi5ce1 ! ability to be sil5t1 great passion1 great a*ievem5ts1 trag$y & *e]fulness4 #icg4 ,9 #ahad ,augu/9 ,?i]ry read :at ,montlosi] _h said 9 8 "w1 ,de la ,mon>*ie franaise3 he answ]$ ) a cry ( indignation1 & set himself to 8 task4 ,t emigrant _h said3 ,race d'affran*is1 race d'esclaves arra*s de nos ma9s1 peuple tributaire1 peuple n\veau1 lic5ce v\s fut octroye d'tre libres1 et non pas n\s d'tre nobles2 p\r n\s t\t e/ de droit1 p\r v\s t\t e/ de grce1 n\s ne sommes po9t de votre communaut2 n\s sommes un t\t p> n\s mmes4 #ich4 ,h[ con/antly ! ari/ocratic _w %e>s & weak5s itself ev] m & m6 ,by means ( its noble in/9cts x ab&ons its privileges1 & ow+ to its ref9$ & excessive culture1 x takes an int]e/ 9 ! p1 ! weak1 ! poor1 & ! poetry ( ! l[ly1 etc4 #ici4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z a noble & dang]\s =m ( c>elessness1 :i* all[s ( pr(\nd conclusions & insight3 ! c>elessness ( ! self-reliant & ov]-ri* s\l1 :i* has nev] tr\bl$ itself ab\t fri5ds1 b :i* kn[s only hospitality & kn[s h[ to practise x2 ^: he>t & h\se are op5 to all :o w ent]--begg>1 cripple1 or k+4 ,?is is g5u9e sociability3 he :o is capable ( x has hundr$s ( fri5ds1 b probably n "o fri5d4 #idj4 ,! tea*+ applies to m5 ) ov]fl[+ /r5g?1--n to ! m$iocre1 & are only /eps to high] ?+s4 ,above !m /&s gold5 ,nature4 ,?\ %alt--unconditional ob$i5ce 9 ,/oics1 9 ,*ri/ian & ,arabian ,ord]s1 9 ,kant's philosophy 7x is immat]ial :e!r ?is ob$i5ce is %[n to a sup]ior or to a concept74 ,high] ?an ,?\ %alt /&s ,i w 7! h]oes72 high] ?an ,i w /&s ,i am 7! gods ( ! ,greeks74 ,b>b>ian gods express no?+ ( ! pleasure ( re/ra9t1--!y are nei!r simple1 nor light-he>t$1 nor mod]ate4 #ida4 ,! ess5ce ( our g>d5s & palaces 7& to ! same ext5t ! ess5ce ( all ye>n+ aft] ri*es7 is ! desire to rid ! eye ( disord] & vulg>ity1 & to build a home = our s\l's nobility4 ,! majority ( p c]ta9ly believe t !y w develop high] natures :5 ^? beautiful & peaceful ?+s h op]at$ ^u !m3 h5ce ! exodus to ,italy1 h5ce all travell+1 etc41 & all read+ & visits to !atres4 ,p want to be =m$--t is ! k]nel ( _! lab\rs = culture6 ,b ! /rong1 ! mighty1 w\ld !mselves h a h& 9 ! =m+1 & w\ld fa9 h no?+ /range ab\t !m6 ,x is = ?is reason1 too1 t m5 g to op5 ,nature1 n to f9d !mselves1 b to lose !mselves & to =get !mselves4 ,! desire to get away f "o's self is prop] to all weakl+s1 & to all ^? :o are discont5t$ ) !mselves4 #idb4 ,! only nobility is t ( bir? & blood4 7,i d n ref] "h to ! prefix ,"l & ,l'almanac de ,go?a3 ?is is a p>5!sis = donkeys47 ,:]ev] p speak ( ! ari/ocracy ( intellect1 reasons are g5]ally n lack+ = conceal+ some?+1 x is kn[n to be a password among ambiti\s ,jews4 ,intellect alone does n ennoble2 on ! contr>y1 some?+ is always ne$$ to ennoble intellect4--,:at !n is ne$$8--,blood4 #idc4 ,:at is noble8 --,ext]nal punctili\sness2 because ?is punctili\sness h$ges a man ab\t1 keeps him at a di/ance1 saves him f be+ conf\nd$ ) somebody else4 ,a frivol\s appe>ance 9 ^w1 clo?+1 & be>+1 ) :i* /oical h>dness & self-control protect !mselves f all pry+ inquisitiv5ess or curiosity4 --,a sl[ /ep & a sl[ glance4 ,!re are n too _m valuable ?+s on e>?3 & ^! come & wi% to come ( !mselves to him :o has value4 ,we are n quick to admire4 --,we "k h[ to be> pov]ty1 want1 & ev5 illness4 --,we avoid small hon\rs ow+ to our mi/ru/ ( all :o are ov]-ready to praise3 = ! man :o praises believes he und]/&s :at he praises3 b to und]/&--,balzac1 t typical man ( ambition1 betray$ ! fact compr5dre c'e/ gal]4 --,our d\bt conc]n+ ! communicativ5ess ( our he>ts goes v deep2 to u1 lonel9ess is n a matt] ( *oice1 x is impos$ ^u u4 --,we are conv9c$ t we only h duties to our equals1 to o!rs we d z we ?9k be/3 we "k t ju/ice is only to be expect$ among equals 7alas6 ?is w n be realis$ = "s "t to come71 --,we are ironical t[>ds ! gift$2 we hold ! belief t no morality is possible )\t good bir?4 --,we always feel z if we 7 ^? :o _h to disp5se hon\rs3 :ile he is n f\nd too frequ5tly :o w\ld be wor?y ( hon\r+ u4 --,we are always disguis$3 ! high] a man's nature ! m is he 9 ne$ ( rema9+ incognito4 ,if !re be a ,god1 !n out ( %e] dec5cy ,he ought only to %[ ,himself on e>? 9 ! =m ( a man4 --,we are capable ( otium1 ( ! unconditional conviction t al?\gh a h&icraft does n %ame "o 9 any s5se1 x c]ta9ly r$uces "o's rank4 ,h[ev] mu* we may respect indu/ry1 & "k h[ to give x its due1 we d n appreciate x 9 a b\rgeois s5se1 or aft] ! mann] ( ^? insatiable & cackl+ arti/s :o1 l h5s1 cackle & lay eggs1 & cackle aga94 --,we protect arti/s & poets & any "o :o happ5s to be a ma/] 9 some?+2 b z creatures ( a high] ord] ?an ^?1 :o only "k h[ to d some?+1 :o are only productive m51 we d n conf\nd ourselves ) !m4 --,we f9d joy 9 all =ms & c]emonies2 we w\ld fa9 fo/] ev]y?+ =mal1 & we are conv9c$ t c\rtesy is "o ( ! greate/ virtues2 we feel suspici\s ( e k9d ( laiss] all]1 includ+ ! fre$om ( ! press & ( ?\ght2 because1 "u su* conditions1 ! intellect gr[s easy-go+ & co>se1 & /ret*es its limbs4 --,we take pleasure 9 wom5 z 9 a p]haps da9ti]1 m delicate1 & m e!real k9d ( creature4 ,:at a treat x is to meet creatures :o h only danc+ & nons5se & f9]y 9 _! m9ds6 ,!y h always be5 ! delight ( e t5se & pr(\nd male s\l1 ^: life is burd5$ ) heavy responsibilities4 --,we take pleasure 9 pr9ces & 9 prie/s1 because 9 big ?+s1 z 9 small1 !y actually uphold ! belief 9 ! diff]5ce ( human values1 ev5 9 ! e/imation ( ! pa/1 & at lea/ symbolically4 --,we are able to keep sil5ce i b we d n brea! a ^w ( ?is 9 ! pres5ce ( li/5]s4 --,we are able to endure long enmities3 we lack ! p[] ( easy reconciliations4 --,we h a loa?+ ( demagogism1 ( enlight5m5t1 ( amiability1 & plebeian famili>ity4 --,we collect preci\s ?+s1 ! ne$s ( high] & fa/idi\s s\ls2 we wi% to possess no?+ 9 common4 ,we want to h our own books1 our own l&scapes4 --,we prote/ aga9/ evil & f9e exp]i5ces1 & take c>e n to g5]alise too quickly4 ,! individual case3 h[ ironically we reg>d x :5 x has ! bad ta/e to put on ! airs ( a rule6 --,we love t :i* is naf1 & naf p1 b z spectators & high] creatures2 we ?9k ,fau/ is j z simple z 8 ,m>g>et4 --,we h a l[ e/imation ( good p1 because !y are greg>i\s animals3 we "k h[ (t5 an invaluable gold5 drop ( goodness lies conceal$ b5ea? ! mo/ evil1 ! mo/ malici\s1 & ! h>de/ ext]ior1 & t ?is s+le gra9 outweighs all ! m]e goody-good9ess ( milk-&-wat]y s\ls4 --,we don't reg>d a man ( our k9d z refut$ by 8 vices1 nor by 8 tomfool]ies4 ,we are well aw>e t we are n recognis$ ) ease1 & t we h e reason to make our =egr\nd v prom95t4 #idd4 ,:at is noble8--,! fact t "o is con/antly =c$ to be play+ a "p4 ,t "o is con/antly se>*+ = situations 9 :i* "o is =c$ to put on airs4 ,t "o leaves happ9ess to ! greate/ numb]3 ! happ9ess :i* consi/s ( inn] peacefulness1 ( virtue1 ( com=t1 & ( ,anglo-angelic-back-p>l\r-smugness1 la ,sp5c]4 ,t "o in/9ctively seeks = heavy responsibilities4 ,t "o kn[s h[ to create enemies ev]y:]e1 at a p9* ev5 9 "o's self4 ,t "o contradicts ! greate/ numb]1 n 9 words at all1 b by cont9ually behav+ diff]5tly f !m4 #ide4 ,virtue 7= in/ance1 tru?fulness7 is our mo/ noble & mo/ dang]\s luxury4 ,we mu/ n decl9e ! disadvantages :i* x br+s 9 its tra94 #idf4 ,we refuse to be prais$3 we d :at s]ves our purpose1 :at gives u pleasure1 or :at we are oblig$ to d4 #idg4 ,:at is *a/ity 9 a man8 ,x means t 8 ta/e 9 sex has rema9$ noble2 t 9 eroticis he likes nei!r ! brutal1 ! morbid1 nor ! clev]4 #idh4 ,! concept ( hon\r is f\nd$ ^u ! belief 9 select society1 9 knightly excell5ces1 9 ! obligation ( hav+ cont9ually to play a "p4 ,9 ess5tials x means t "o does n take "o's life too s]i\sly1 t "o adh]es unconditionally to ! mo/ dignifi$ mann]s 9 "o's deal+s ) ev]ybody 7at lea/ 9 s f> z !y d n belong to u72 t "o is nei!r famili>1 nor good-natur$1 nor he>ty1 nor mode/1 except int] p>es2 t "o is always play+ a "p4 #idi4 ,! fact t "o sets "o's life1 "o's heal?1 & "o's hon\r at /ake1 is ! result ( high spirits & ( an ov]fl[+ & sp5d?rift w3 x is n ! result ( philan?ropy1 b ( ! fact t e dang] k9dles our curiosity conc]n+ ! measure ( our /r5g?1 & provokes our c\rage4 #iej4 ,eagles swoop d[n /raight nobility ( s\l is be/ reveal$ by ! magnific5t & pr\d fooli%ness ) :i* x makes its attacks4 #iea4 ,w> %\ld be made aga9/ all namby-pamby ideas ( nobility6--,a c]ta9 modicum ( brutality _c be disp5s$ )3 no m ?an we c d )\t a c]ta9 approximation to crim9ality4 ,self-satisfaction mu/ n be all[$2 a man %\ld look ^u himself ) an adv5tur\s _s2 he %\ld exp]im5t ) himself & run risks ) himself--no beautiful s\l-quack]y %\ld be tol]at$4 ,i want to give a m robu/ ideal a *ance ( prevail+4 #ieb4 ,p>adise is "u ! %ad[ ( a swordsman--?is is also a symbol & a te/-^w by :i* s\ls ) noble & w>rior-l orig9 betray & discov] !mselves4 #iec4 ,! two pa?s4--,!re comes a p]iod :5 man has a surplus am\nt ( p[] at 8 disposal4 ,sci5ce aims at e/abli%+ ! slav]y ( nature4 ,!n man acquires ! leisure 9 :i* to develop himself into some?+ new & m l(ty4 ,a new ari/ocracy4 ,x is !n t a l>ge numb] ( virtues :i* are n[ conditions ( exi/5ce are sup]s$$4--,qualities :i* are no long] ne$$ are on t acc\nt lo/4 ,we no long] ne$ virtues3 consequ5tly we are los+ !m 7likewise ! morality ( "o ?+ is ne$ful1 ( ! salvation ( ! s\l1 & ( immortality3 ^! 7 means :]e) to make man capable ( enorm\s self-tyranny1 ?r\gh ! emotion ( great fe>66674 ,! diff]5t k9ds ( ne$s by means ( ^: discipl9e man is =m$3 ne$ tea*es "w1 ?\ght1 & self-control4 999999 ,physiological purification & /r5g!n+4 ,! new ari/ocracy is 9 ne$ ( an oppos+ body :i* x may combat3 x mu/ be driv5 to extremities 9 ord] to ma9ta9 itself4 ,! two futures ( mank9d3 7#a7 ! consequ5ce ( a levell+-d[n to m$iocrity1 7#b7 consci\s alo(ness & self-developm5t4 ,a doctr9e :i* w\ld cleave a gulf3 x ma9ta9s ! highe/ & ! l[e/ species 7x de/roys ! int]m$iate74 ,! ari/ocracies1 bo? spiritual & temporal1 :i* h exi/$ hi!rto prove no?+ aga9/ ! necessity ( a new ari/ocracy4 #d4 ,! ,lords ( ! ,e>?4 #ied4 ,a c]ta9 "q con/antly recurs to u2 x is p]haps a s$uctive & evil "q2 may x be :isp]$ into ! e>s ( ^? :o h a "r to su* d\btful problems--^? /rong s\ls ( to-day ^: dom9ion ov] !mselves is unsw]v+3 is x n high "t1 n[ t ! type greg>i\s animal is develop+ ev] m & m 9 ,europe1 to set ab\t re>+1 ?or\ghly1 artificially1 & consci\sly1 an opposite type1 & to attempt to e/abli% ! latt]'s virtues8 ,& w\ld n ! democratic movem5t itself f9d = ! fir/ "t a sort ( goal1 salvation1 & ju/ification1 if "s "o appe>$ :o avail$ himself ( x--s t at la/1 beside its new & sublime product1 slav]y 7= ?is mu/ be ! end ( ,european democracy71 t high] species ( rul+ & ,cs>ian spirits might also be produc$1 :i* w\ld /& ^u x1 hold to x1 & w\ld elevate !mselves ?r\gh x8 ,?is new race w\ld climb al(t to new & hi!rto impossible ?+s1 to a broad] vision1 & to its task on e>?4 #iee4 ,! aspect ( ! ,european ( to-day makes me v hopeful4 ,a d>+ & rul+ race is "h build+ itself up ^u ! f\ndation ( an extremely intellig5t1 greg>i\s mass4 ,x is obvi\s t ! educational movem5ts = ! latt] are n alone prom95t n[adays4 #ief4 ,! same conditions :i* g to develop ! greg>i\s animal also =ce ! developm5t ( ! lead]s4 #ieg4 ,! "q1 & at ! same "t ! task1 is approa*+ ) hesitation1 t]rible z ,fate1 b nev]!less inevitable3 h[ %all ! e>? z a :ole be rul$8 ,& to :at end %all man z a :ole--no long] z a p or z a race--be re>$ & tra9$8 ,legislative moralities are ! pr9cipal means by :i* "o c =m mank9d1 accord+ to ! fancy ( a creative & pr(\nd w3 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t su* an arti/ic w ( ! fir/ ord] gets ! p[] into its own h&s1 & c make its creative w prevail ov] long p]iods 9 ! =m ( legislation1 religions1 & morals4 ,at pres5t1 & probably = "s "t to come1 "o w seek su* colossally creative m51 su* really great m51 z ,i und]/& !m1 9 va93 !y w be lack+1 until1 aft] _m disappo9tm5ts1 we are =c$ to beg9 to und]/& :y x is !y are lack+1 & t no?+ b>s ) great] ho/ility _! rise & developm5t1 at pres5t & = "s "t to come1 ?an t :i* is n[ call$ ! morality 9 ,europe4 ,j z if !re 7 no o!r k9d ( morality1 & c\ld be no o!r k9d1 ?an ! "o we h already *>act]is$ z h]d-morality4 ,x is ?is morality :i* is n[ /riv+ ) all its p[] to atta9 to t gre5-mead[ happ9ess on e>?1 :i* consi/s 9 security1 abs5ce ( dang]1 ease1 facilities = livelihood1 &1 la/ b n lea/1 if all goes well1 ev5 hopes to disp5se ) all k9ds ( %eph]ds & bell-we!rs4 ,! two doctr9es :i* x prea*es mo/ univ]sally are equality ( rights & pity = all suff]]s--& x ev5 reg>ds suff]+ itself z some?+ :i* mu/ be got rid ( absolutely4 ,t su* ideas may be mod]n leads "o to ?9k v poorly ( mod]nity4 ,he1 h[ev]1 :o has reflect$ deeply conc]n+ ! "q1 h[ & :]e ! plant man has hi!rto gr[n mo/ vigor\sly1 is =c$ to believe t ?is has always tak5 place "u ! opposite conditions2 t to ?is end ! dang] ( ! situation has to increase enorm\sly1 8 inv5tive faculty & dissembl+ p[]s h to fight _! way up "u long oppression & compulsion1 & 8 w to life has to be increas$ to ! uncondition$ w to p[]1 to ov]-p[]3 he believes t dang]1 sev]ity1 viol5ce1 p]il 9 ! /reet & 9 ! he>t1 inequality ( rights1 secrecy1 /oicism1 s$uctive art1 & devilry ( e k9d--9 %ort1 ! opposite ( all greg>i\s desid]ata--are necess>y = ! elevation ( man4 ,su* a morality ) opposite designs1 :i* w\ld re> man upw>ds in/ead ( to com=t & m$iocrity2 su* a morality1 ) ! int5tion ( produc+ a rul+ ca/e--! future lords ( ! e>?--mu/1 9 ord] to be taught at all1 introduce itself z if x 7 9 "s way correlat$ to ! prevail+ moral law1 & mu/ come =w>d "u ! cov] ( ! latt]'s words & =ms4 ,b see+ t1 to ?is end1 a ho/ ( transition>y & deceptive measures mu/ be discov]$1 & t ! life ( a s+le individual /&s = almo/ no?+ 9 view ( ! accompli%m5t ( su* l5g?y tasks & aims1 ! fir/ ?+ t mu/ be done is to re> a new k9d ( man 9 :om ! duration ( ! necess>y w & ! necess>y in/9cts is gu>ante$ = _m g5]ations4 ,?is mu/ be a new k9d ( rul+ species & ca/e--?is ought to be q z cle> z ! some:at l5g?y & n easily express$ consequ5ces ( ?is ?\ght4 ,! aim %\ld be to prep>e a transvaluation ( values = a p>ticul>ly /rong k9d ( man1 mo/ highly gift$ 9 intellect & w1 &1 to ?is end1 sl[ly & cauti\sly to lib]ate 9 him a :ole ho/ ( sl&]$ in/9cts hi!rto held 9 *eck3 :oev] m$itates ab\t ?is problem belongs to u1 ! free spirits--c]ta9ly n to t k9d ( free _s :i* has exi/$ hi!rto3 = ^! desir$ practically ! rev]se4 ,to ?is ord]1 x seems to me1 belong1 above all1 ! pessimi/s ( ,europe1 ! poets & ?9k]s ( a revolt$ idealism1 9 s f> z _! discont5t ) exi/5ce 9 g5]al mu/ consi/5tly at lea/ h l$ !m to be dissatisfi$ ) ! man ( ! pres5t2 ! same applies to c]ta9 insatiably ambiti\s arti/s :o c\rage\sly & unconditionally fight aga9/ ! greg>i\s animal = ! special rights ( high] m51 & subdue all h]d-in/9cts & precautions ( m exceptional m9ds by _! s$uctive art4 ,?irdly & la/ly1 we %\ld include 9 ?is gr\p all ^? critics & hi/orians by :om ! discov]y ( ! ,old ,_w1 :i* has begun s happily--?is 0 ! "w ( ! new ,columbus1 ( ,g]man intellect--w be c\rage\sly cont9u$ 7= we /ill /& 9 ! v fir/ /ages ( ?is conque/74 ,= 9 ! ,old ,_w1 z a matt] ( fact1 a diff]5t & m lordly morality rul$ ?an t ( to-day2 & ! man ( antiquity1 "u ! educational ban ( 8 morality1 0 a /rong] & deep] man ?an ! man ( to-day--up to ! pres5t he has be5 ! only well-con/itut$ man4 ,! temptation1 h[ev]1 :i* f antiquity to ! pres5t day has always ex]cis$ its p[] on su* lucky /rokes ( ,nature1 i4e4 on /rong & ent]pris+ s\ls1 is1 ev5 at ! pres5t day1 ! mo/ subtle & mo/ effective ( anti-democratic & anti-,*ri/ian p[]s1 j z x 0 9 ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance4 #ieh4 ,i am writ+ = a race ( m5 :i* does n yet exi/3 = ! lords ( ! e>?4 ,9 ,plato's ,!ages ! foll[+ passage w be f\nd3 ,e "o ( u w\ld l if possible to be ma/] ( mank9d2 if possible1 a ,god6 ,?is attitude ( m9d mu/ be re9/at$ 9 our mid/4 ,engli%m51 ,am]icans1 & ,russians4 #iei4 ,t primeval =e/-plant ,man always appe>s :]e ! /ruggle = p[] has be5 wag$ longe/4 ,great m54 ,primeval =e/ creatures1 ! ,romans4 #ifj4 ,f n[ h5ce=w>d !re w be su* fav\rable fir/ conditions = great] rul+ p[]s z h nev] yet be5 f\nd on e>?4 ,& ?is is by no means ! mo/ important po9t4 ,! e/abli%m5t has be5 made possible ( int]national race unions :i* w set !mselves ! task ( re>+ a rul+ race1 ! future lords ( ! e>?--a new1 va/ ari/ocracy bas$ ^u ! mo/ sev]e self-discipl9e1 9 :i* ! w ( philosophical m5 ( p[] & arti/-tyrants w be /amp$ ^u ?\s&s ( ye>s3 a high] species ( m5 :i*1 ?anks to _! prepond]ance ( w1 k1 ri*es1 & influ5ce1 w avail !mselves ( democratic ,europe z ! mo/ suitable & supple in/rum5t !y c h = tak+ ! fate ( ! e>? into _! own h&s1 & work+ z arti/s ^u man himself4 ,en\gh6 ,! "t is com+ = u to trans=m all our views on politics4 #e4 ,! ,great ,man4 #ifa4 ,i w endeav\r to see at :i* p]iods 9 hi/ory great m5 arise4 ,! significance ( despotic moralities t h la/$ a long "t3 !y /ra9 ! b[1 provid$ !y d n break x4 #ifb4 ,a great man1--a man :om ,nature has built up & inv5t$ 9 a gr& /yle1--,:at is su* a man8 ,fir/1 9 8 g5]al c\rse ( action 8 consi/5cy is s broad t ow+ to its v bread? x c be survey$ only ) difficulty1 & consequ5tly misleads2 he possesses ! capacity ( ext5d+ 8 w ov] great /ret*es ( 8 life1 & ( despis+ & reject+ all small ?+s1 :atev] mo/ beautiful & div9e ?+s ( ! _w !re may be among !m4 ,secondly1 he is cold]1 h>d]1 less cauti\s & m free f ! fe> ( public op9ion2 he does n possess ! virtues :i* are compatible ) respectability & ) be+ respect$1 nor any ( ^? ?+s :i* are c\nt$ among ! virtues ( ! h]d4 ,if he is unable to lead1 he walks alone2 he may !n p]*ance grunt at _m ?+s :i* he meets on 8 way4 ,?irdly1 he asks = no compassionate he>t1 b s]vants1 in/rum5ts2 9 8 deal+s ) m5 8 "o aim is to make some?+ out ( !m4 ,he kn[s t he _c reveal himself to anybody3 he ?9ks x bad ta/e to become famili>2 & z a rule he is n famili> :5 p ?9k he is4 ,:5 he is n talk+ to 8 s\l1 he we>s a mask4 ,he w\ld r lie ?an tell ! tru?1 because ly+ requires m _s & w4 ,!re is a lonel9ess )9 8 he>t :i* nei!r praise nor blame c rea*1 because he is 8 own judge f :om is no appeal4 #ifc4 ,! great man is necess>ily a sceptic 7,i d n mean to say by ?is t he mu/ appe> to be "o71 provid$ t greatness consi/s 9 ?is3 to w some?+ great1 toge!r ) ! means !reto4 ,fre$om f any k9d ( conviction is a factor 9 8 /r5g? ( w4 ,& ?us x is 9 keep+ ) t enlight5$ =m ( despotism :i* e great passion ex]cises4 ,su* a passion enli/s intellect 9 its s]vice2 x ev5 has ! c\rage = unholy means2 x creates )\t hesitation2 x all[s itself convictions1 x ev5 uses !m1 b x nev] submits to !m4 ,! ne$ ( fai? & ( any?+ unconditionally negative or affirmative is a pro( ( weakness2 all weakness is weakness ( w4 ,! man ( fai?1 ! believ]1 is necess>ily an inf]ior species ( man4 ,f ?is x foll[s t all fre$om ( _s1 i4e4 in/9ctive scepticism1 is ! pr]equisite ( greatness4 #ifd4 ,! great man is consci\s ( 8 p[] ov] a p1 & ( ! fact t he co9cides tempor>ily ) a p or ) a c5tury--?is magnify+ ( 8 self-consci\sness z causa & voluntas is misund]/ood z altruism3 he feels driv5 to means ( communication3 all great m5 are inv5tive 9 su* means4 ,!y want to =m great communities 9 _! own image2 !y w\ld fa9 give multi=mity & disord] def9ite %ape2 x /imulates !m to behold *aos4 ,! misund]/&+ ( love4 ,!re is a slavi% love :i* subord9ates itself & gives itself away--:i* idealises & deceives itself2 !re is a div9e species ( love :i* despises & loves at ! same "t1 & :i* remodels & elevates ! ?+ x loves4 ,! object is to atta9 t enorm\s en]gy ( greatness :i* c model ! man ( ! future by means ( discipl9e & also by means ( ! annihilation ( millions ( ! bungl$ & bot*$1 & :i* c yet avoid go+ to ru9 at ! sight ( ! suff]+ creat$ !reby1 ! l ( :i* has nev] be5 se5 be=e4 #ife4 ,! revolution1 confusion1 & di/ress ( :ole peoples is 9 my op9ion ( less importance ?an ! mis=tunes :i* att5d great individuals 9 _! developm5t4 ,we mu/ n all[ ourselves to be deceiv$3 ! _m mis=tunes ( all ^! small folk d n toge!r con/itute a sum-total1 except 9 ! feel+s ( mighty m54--,to ?9k ( "o's self 9 mom5ts ( great dang]1 & to draw ones own advantage f ! calamities ( ?\s&s 9 ! case ( ! man :o diff]s v mu* f ! common ruck--may be a sign ( a great "* :i* is able to ma/] its feel+ ( pity & ju/ice4 #iff4 ,9 contradi/9ction to ! animal1 man has develop$ su* a ho/ ( antagoni/ic in/9cts & impulses 9 himself1 t he has become ma/] ( ! e>? by means ( ?is syn!sis4--,moralities are only ! expression ( local & limit$ ord]s ( rank 9 ?is multif>i\s _w ( in/9cts :i* prev5t man f p]i%+ ?r\gh _! antagonism4 ,?us a ma/]ful in/9ct s weak5s & subtilises ! in/9ct :i* opposes x t x becomes an impulse :i* provides ! /imulus = ! activity ( ! pr9cipal in/9ct4 ,! highe/ man w\ld h ! greate/ multif>i\sness 9 8 in/9cts1 & he w\ld possess ^! 9 ! relatively /ronge/ degree 9 :i* he is able to endure !m4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 :]ev] ! plant1 man1 is f\nd /rong1 mighty in/9cts are to be f\nd oppos+ ea* o!r 7e4g4 ,%akespe>e71 b !y are subdu$4 #ifg4 ,w\ld "o n be ju/ifi$ 9 reckon+ all great m5 among ! wick$8 ,?is is n s easy to demon/rate 9 ! case ( individuals4 ,!y are s frequ5tly capable ( ma/]ly dissimulation t !y v (t5 assume ! airs & =ms ( great virtues4 ,(t51 too1 !y s]i\sly rev]5ce virtues1 & 9 su* a way z to be passionately h>d t[>ds !mselves2 b z ! result ( cruelty4 ,se5 f a di/ance su* ?+s are liable to deceive4 ,_m1 on ! o!r h&1 misund]/& !mselves2 n infrequ5tly1 too1 a great mission w call =? great qualities1 e4g4 ju/ice4 ,! ess5tial fact is3 ! greate/ m5 may also p]haps h great virtues1 b !n !y also h ! opposites ( ^! virtues4 ,i believe t x is precisely out ( ! pres5ce ( ^! opposites & ( ! feel+s !y suscitate1 t ! great man arises1--= ! great man is ! broad ar* :i* spans two banks ly+ f> ap>t4 #ifh4 ,9 great m5 we f9d ! specific qualities ( life 9 _! highe/ manife/ation3 inju/ice1 falsehood1 exploitation4 ,b inasmu* z _! effect has always be5 ov]:elm+1 _! ess5tial nature has be5 mo/ ?or\ghly misund]/ood1 & int]pret$ z goodness4 ,! type ( su* an int]pret] w\ld be ,c>lyle4#e ,footnote #e3 ,?is n only ref]s to ,h]oes & ,h]o-,wor%ip1 b d\btless to ,c>lyle's prodigi\s misund]/&+ ( ,goe! a misund]/&+ :i* /ill requires to be put "r by a critic unta9t$ by ,puritanism4--,tr4 #ifi4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ev]y?+ is wor? no m & no less ?an "o has paid = x4 ,?is ( c\rse does n hold good 9 ! case ( an isolat$ individual2 ! great capacities ( ! individual h no relation :atsoev] to t :i* he has done1 sacrific$1 & suff]$ = !m4 ,b if "o %\ld exam9e ! previ\s hi/ory ( 8 race "o w\ld be sure to f9d ! record ( an extraord9>y /or+ up & capitalis+ ( p[] by means ( all k9ds ( ab/95ce1 /ruggle1 indu/ry1 & det]m9ation4 ,x is because ! great man has co/ s mu*1 & n because he /&s !re z a miracle1 z a gift f heav51 or z an accid5t1 t he became great3 ,h]$ity is a false notion4 ,a man's ance/ors h always paid ! price ( :at he is4 #igj4 ,! dang] ( mode/y4 ,to adapt ourselves too e>ly to duties1 societies1 & daily s*emes ( "w 9 :i* accid5t may h plac$ u1 at a "t :5 nei!r our p[]s nor our aim 9 life has /epp$ p]emptorily into our consci\sness2 ! premature c]ta9ty ( consci5ce & feel+ ( relief & ( sociability :i* is acquir$ by ?is precoci\s1 mode/ attitude1 & :i* appe>s to our m9ds z a deliv]ance f ^? inn] & out] di/urbances ( our feel+s--all ?is pamp]s & keeps a man d[n 9 ! mo/ dang]\s fa%ion imag9able4 ,to le>n to respect ?+s :i* p ab\t u respect1 z if we _h no /&>d or "r ( our own to det]m9e values2 ! /ra9 ( apprais+ ?+s z o!rs appraise !m1 c\nt] to ! :isp]+s ( our inn] ta/e1 :i* also has a consci5ce ( its own1 becomes a t]ribly subtle k9d ( con/ra9t3 & if 9 ! end no explosion takes place :i* bur/s all ! bonds ( love & morality at once1 !n su* a _s becomes )]$1 dw>f$1 fem99e1 & objective4 ,! rev]se ( ?is is bad en\gh1 b /ill x is bett] ?an ! =ego+3 to suff] f "o's environm5t1 f its praise j z mu* z f its blame2 to be w\nd$ by x & to fe/] inw>dly )\t betray+ ! fact2 to def5d "o's self involunt>ily & suspici\sly aga9/ its love2 to le>n to be sil5t1 & p]*ance to conceal ?is by talk+2 to create nooks & safe1 lonely hid+-places :]e "o c g & take brea? = a mom5t1 or %$ te>s ( sublime com=t--until at la/ "o has gr[n /rong en\gh to say3 ,:at on e>? h ,i to d ) y8 & to g "o's way alone4 #iga4 ,^? m5 :o are 9 !mselves de/9ies1 & ^: adv5t is ! adv5t ( fate1 ! :ole race ( h]oic be>]s ( burd5s3 oh6 h[ he>tily & gladly w\ld !y h respite f !mselves = once 9 a :ile6--h[ !y crave aft] /\t he>ts & %\ld]s1 t !y might free !mselves1 7 x b = an h\r or two1 f t :i* oppresses !m6 ,& h[ fruitlessly !y crave6 444 ,!y wait2 !y obs]ve all t passes be=e _! eyes3 no man ev5 come? nigh to !m ) a ?\s&? "p ( _! suff]+ & passion1 no man guesse? to :at end !y h wait$4444 ,at la/1 at la/1 !y le>n ! fir/ lesson ( _! life3 to wait no long]2 & =?) !y le>n _! second lesson3 to be affable1 to be mode/2 & f t "t onw>ds to endure ev]ybody & e k9d ( ?+--9 %ort1 to endure /ill a little m ?an !y _h endur$ !ret(ore4 #f4 ,! ,highe/ ,man z ,lawgiv] ( ! ,future4 #igb4 ,! lawgiv]s ( ! future4--,aft] hav+ tri$ = a long "t 9 va9 to atta* a p>ticul> mean+ to ! ^w philosoph]1--= ,i f\nd _m antagoni/ic traits1 ,i recognis$ t we c di/+ui% betwe5 two k9ds ( philosoph]s3-- 7#a7 ,^? :o desire to e/abli% any l>ge sy/em ( values 7logical or moral72 7#b7 ,^? :o are ! lawgiv]s ( su* valuations4 ,! =m] try to seize ^u ! _w ( ! pres5t or ! pa/1 by embody+ or abbreviat+ ! multif>i\s ph5om5a by means ( signs3 _! object is to make x possible = u to survey1 to reflect ^u1 to compreh5d1 & to utilise ev]y?+ t has happ5$ hi!rto--!y s]ve ! purpose ( man by us+ all pa/ ?+s to ! b5efit ( 8 future4 ,! second class1 h[ev]1 are comm&]s2 !y say3 ,?us %all x be6 ,!y alone det]m9e ! :i!r & ! :]e=e1 & t :i* w be useful & b5eficial to man2 !y h comm& ov] ! previ\s "w ( sci5tific m51 & all k is to !m only a means to _! creations4 ,?is second k9d ( philosoph] seldom appe>s2 & z a matt] ( fact _! situation & _! dang] is appall+4 ,h[ (t5 h !y n int5tionally bl9dfold$ _! eyes 9 ord] to %ut out ! sight ( ! small /rip ( gr\nd :i* sep>ates !m f ! abyss & f utt] de/ruction4 ,plato1 = in/ance1 :5 he p]suad$ himself t ! good1 z he want$ x1 0 n ,plato's good1 b ! good 9 itself1 ! et]nal treasure :i* a c]ta9 man ( ! "n ( ,plato _h *anc$ to f9d on 8 way6 ,?is same w to bl9dness prevails 9 a mu* co>s] =m 9 ! case ( ! f\nd]s ( religion2 _! ,?\ %alt mu/ on no acc\nt s\nd to _! e>s l ,i w1--!y only d>e to pursue _! task z if "u ! comm& ( ,god2 _! legislation ( values c only be a burd5 !y c be> if !y reg>d x z revelation1 9 ?is way _! consci5ce is n cru%$ by ! responsibility4 ,z soon z ^? two com=t+ exp$i5ts--t ( ,plato & t ( ,muhamm$--h be5 ov]?r[n1 & no ?9k] c any long] relieve 8 consci5ce ) ! hypo!sis ,god or et]nal values1 ! claim ( ! lawgiv] to det]m9e new values rises to an awfulness :i* has n yet be5 exp]i5c$4 ,n[ ^? elect1 on :om ! fa9t light ( su* a duty is beg9n+ to dawn1 try & see :e!r !y _c escape x--z _! greate/ dang]--by means ( a timely side-spr+3 = in/ance1 !y try to p]suade !mselves t _! task is already accompli%$1 or t x defies accompli%m5t1 or t _! %\ld]s are n broad en\gh = su* burd5s1 or t !y are already tak5 up ) burd5s clos] to h&1 or ev5 t ?is new & remote duty is a temptation & a s$uction1 draw+ !m away f all o!r duties2 a disease1 a k9d ( madness4 ,_m1 z a matt] ( fact1 d succe$ 9 evad+ ! pa? appo9t$ to !m3 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( hi/ory we c see ! traces ( su* des]t]s & _! guilty consci5ces4 ,9 mo/ cases11 h[ev]1 !re comes to su* m5 ( de/9y t h\r ( deliv]y1 t autumnal season ( maturity1 9 :i* !y are =c$ to d t :i* !y did n ev5 wi% to d3 & t de$ be=e :i* 9 ! pa/ !y h trembl$ mo/1 falls easily & uns\ght f ! tree1 z an involunt>y de$1 almo/ z a pres5t4 #igc4 ,! human horizon4--,philosoph]s may be conceiv$ z m5 :o make ! greate/ ef=ts to discov] to :at ext5t man c elevate himself--?is holds good m p>ticul>ly ( ,plato3 h[ f> man's p[] c ext5d4 ,b !y d ?is z individuals2 p]haps ! in/9ct ( ,cs>s & ( all f\nd]s ( /ates1 etc41 0 great]1 = x preoccupi$ itself ) ! "q h[ f> man c\ld be urg$ =w>d 9 developm5t "u fav\rable circum/ances4 ,:at !y did n suffici5tly und]/&1 h[ev]1 0 ! nature ( fav\rable circum/ances4 ,! great "q3 ,:]e has ! plant 'man' gr[n mo/ magnific5tly h]et(ore8 ,9 ord] to answ] ?is1 a comp>ative /udy ( hi/ory is necess>y4 #igd4 ,e fact & e "w ex]cises a fre% p]suasion ov] e age & e new species ( man4 ,hi/ory always enunciates new tru?s4 #ige4 ,to rema9 objective1 sev]e1 firm1 & h>d :ile mak+ a ?\ght prevail is p]haps ! be/ =te ( arti/s2 b if = ?is purpose any "o h to "w ^u human mat]ial 7z tea*]s1 /atesm51 h to d1 etc471 !n ! repose1 ! coldness1 & ! h>dness soon vani%4 ,9 natures l ,cs> & ,napoleon we are able to div9e some?+ ( ! nature ( dis9t]e/$ness 9 _! "w on _! m>ble1 :atev] be ! numb] ( m5 t are sacrific$ 9 ! process4 ,9 ?is direction ! future ( high] m5 lies3 to be> ! greate/ responsibilities & n to g to rack & ru9 ?r\gh !m4--,hi!rto ! deceptions ( inspiration h almo/ always be5 necess>y = a man n to lose fai? 9 8 own h&1 & 9 8 "r to 8 task4 #igf4 ,! reason :y philosoph]s are mo/ly failures4 ,because among ! conditions :i* det]m9e !m !re are qualities :i* g5]ally ru9 o!r m53-- 7#a7 ,a philosoph] mu/ h an enorm\s multiplicity ( qualities2 he mu/ be a sort ( abbreviation ( man & h all man's high & base desires3 ! dang] ( ! contra/ )9 him1 & ( ! possibility ( 8 loa?+ himself2 7#b7 ,he mu/ be inquisitive 9 an extraord9>y numb] ( ways3 ! dang] ( v]satility2 7#c7 ,he mu/ be j & hone/ 9 ! highe/ s5se1 b pr(\nd bo? 9 love & hate 7& 9 inju/ice72 7#d7 ,he mu/ n only be a spectator b a lawgiv]3 a judge & def5dant 79 s f> z he is an abbreviation ( ! _w72 7#e7 ,he mu/ be extremely multi=m & yet firm & h>d4 ,he mu/ be supple4 #igg4 ,! really regal call+ ( ! philosoph] 7accord+ to ! expression ( ,alcu9 ! ,anglo-,saxon73 ,prava corrig]e1 et recta corrobor>e1 et sancta sublim>e4 #igh4 ,! new philosoph] c only arise 9 conjunction ) a rul+ class1 z ! highe/ spiritualisation ( ! latt]4 ,great politics1 ! rule ( ! e>?1 z a proximate cont+5cy1 ! total lack ( pr9ciples necess>y !reto4 #igi4 ,fundam5tal concept3 ! new values mu/ fir/ be creat$--?is rema9s our duty6 ,! philosoph] mu/ be our lawgiv]4 ,new species4 7,h[ ! greate/ species hi!rto = in/ance1 ! ,greeks 7 re>$3 ?is k9d ( accid5t mu/ n[ be consci\sly /riv5 =47 #ihj4 ,suppos+ "o ?9ks ( ! philosoph] z an educator :o1 look+ d[n f 8 lonely elevation1 is p[]ful en\gh to draw long *a9s ( g5]ations up to him3 !n he mu/ be grant$ ! mo/ t]rible privileges ( a great educator4 ,an educator nev] says :at he himself ?9ks2 b only t :i* he ?9ks x is good = ^? :om he is educat+ to he> ^u any subject4 ,?is dissimulation on 8 "p mu/ n be f\nd out2 x is "p ( 8 ma/]l9ess t p %\ld believe 9 8 hone/y1 he mu/ be capable ( all ! means ( discipl9e & education3 !re are "s natures :i* he w only be able to raise by means ( la%+ !m ) 8 scorn2 o!rs :o are lazy1 irresolute1 c[>dly1 & va91 he w be able to affect only ) exagg]at$ praise4 ,su* a tea*] /&s beyond good & evil1 b nobody mu/ "k t he does4 #iha4 ,we mu/ n make m5 bett]1 we mu/ n talk to !m ab\t morality 9 any =m z if morality 9 itself1 or an ideal k9d ( man 9 g5]al1 c\ld be tak5 = grant$2 b we mu/ create circum/ances 9 :i* /rong] m5 are necess>y1 su* z = _! "p w require a morality 7or1 bett] /ill3 a bodily & spiritual discipl9e7 :i* makes m5 /rong1 & ^u :i* !y w consequ5tly insi/6 ,z !y w ne$ "o s badly1 !y w h x4 ,we mu/ n let ourselves be s$uc$ by blue eyes & heav+ brea/s3 greatness ( s\l has absolutely no?+ romantic ab\t x4 ,& un=tunately no?+ :atev] amiable ei!r4 #ihb4 ,f w>riors we mu/ le>n3 7#a7 to associate dea? ) ^? int]e/s = :i* we are fight+--t makes u v5]able2 7#b7 we mu/ le>n to sacrifice numb]s1 & to take our cause suffici5tly s]i\sly n to sp>e m52 7#c7 we mu/ practise inexorable discipl9e1 & all[ ourselves viol5ce & cunn+ 9 w>4 #ihc4 ,! education :i* re>s ^? rul+ virtues t all[ a man to become ma/] ( 8 b5evol5ce & 8 pity3 ! great discipl9>y virtues 7,=give ?9e enemies is m]e *ild's play beside !m71 & ! passions ( ! creator1 mu/ be elevat$ to ! heights--we mu/ cease f c>v+ m>ble6 ,! exceptional & p[]ful position ( ^? creatures 7comp>$ ) t ( all pr9ces hi!rto73 ! ,roman ,cs> ) ,*ri/'s s\l4 #ihd4 ,we mu/ n sep>ate greatness ( s\l f intellectual greatness4 ,= ! =m] involves indep5d5ce2 b )\t intellectual greatness indep5d5ce %\ld n be all[$2 all x does is to create disa/]s ev5 9 its lu/ ( well-do+ & ( practis+ ju/ice4 ,inf]ior spirits mu/ obey1 consequ5tly !y _c be possess$ ( greatness4 #ihe4 ,! m l(ty philosophical man :o is surr\nd$ by lonel9ess1 n because he wi%es to be alone1 b because he is :at he is1 & _c f9d 8 equal3 :at a numb] ( dang]s & torm5ts are res]v$ = him1 precisely at ! pres5t "t1 :5 we h lo/ our belief 9 ! ord] ( rank1 & consequ5tly no long] "k h[ to und]/& or hon\r ?is isolation6 ,=m]ly ! sage almo/ sanctifi$ himself 9 ! consci5ces ( ! mob by go+ aside 9 ?is way2 to-day ! an*orite sees himself z ?\gh envelop$ 9 a cl\d ( gloomy d\bt & suspicions4 ,& n alone by ! envi\s & ! wret*$3 9 e well-meant act t he exp]i5ces he is b\nd to discov] misund]/&+1 neglect1 & sup]ficiality4 ,he kn[s ! crafty tricks ( fooli% pity :i* makes ^! p feel s good & holy :5 !y attempt to save him f 8 own de/9y1 by giv+ him m com=table situations & m dec5t & reliable society4 ,yes1 he w ev5 get to admire ! unconsci\s lu/ ( de/ruction ) :i* all m$iocre spirits /& up & oppose him1 believ+ all ! :ile t !y h a holy "r to d s6 ,= m5 ( su* incompreh5sible lonel9ess x is necess>y to put a good /ret* ( c\ntry betwe5 !m & ! (fici\sness ( _! fell[s3 ?is is "p ( _! prud5ce4 ,= su* a man to ma9ta9 himself upp]mo/ to-day amid ! dang]\s mael/roms ( ! age :i* ?reat5 to draw him "u1 ev5 cunn+ & disguise w be necess>y4 ,e attempt he makes to ord] 8 life 9 ! pres5t & ) ! pres5t1 e "t he draws ne> to ^! m5 & _! mod]n desires1 he w h to expiate z if x 7 an actual s93 & )al he may look ) wond] at ! conceal$ wisdom ( 8 nature1 :i* aft] e "o ( ^! attempts imm$iately leads him back to himself by means ( illnesses & pa9ful accid5ts4 #ihf4 ,mal$etto colui *e contri/a1 un spirto immortal6 ,,manzoni 7,conte di ,c>magnola1 ,act ,,ii47 #ihg4 ,! mo/ difficult & ! highe/ =m :i* man c atta9 is ! mo/ seldom successful3 ?us ! hi/ory ( philosophy reveals a sup]abundance ( bungl$ & unhappy cases ( manhood1 & its m>* is an extremely sl[ "o2 :ole c5turies int]v5e & suppress :at has be5 a*iev$3 & 9 ?is way ! connect+-l9k is always made to fail4 ,x is an appall+ hi/ory1 ?is hi/ory ( ! highe/ m51 ( ! sages4--,:at is mo/ (t5 damag$ is precisely ! recollection ( great m51 = ! semi-successful & bot*$ cases ( mank9d misund]/& !m & ov]come !m by _! successes4 ,:5ev] an effect is noticeable1 ! masses ga!r 9 a cr[d r\nd x2 to he> ! inf]ior & ! poor 9 _s hav+ _! say is a t]rible e>-splitt+ torm5t = him :o kn[s & trembles at ! ?\ght1 t ! fate ( man dep5ds ^u ! success ( its highe/ types4 ,f ! days ( my *ildhood ,i h reflect$ ^u ! sage's conditions ( exi/5ce1 & ,i w n conceal my happy conviction t 9 ,europe he has once m become possible--p]haps only = a %ort "t4 #ihh4 ,^! new philosoph]s beg9 ) a description ( a sy/ematic ord] ( rank & diff]5ce ( value among m51--:at !y desire is1 alas precisely ! rev]se ( an assimilation & equalisation ( man3 !y tea* e/rangem5t 9 e s5se1 !y cleave gulfs su* z h nev] yet exi/$1 & !y w\ld fa9 h man become m evil ?an he ev] 04 ,= ! pres5t !y live conceal$ & e/rang$ ev5 f ea* o!r4 ,= _m reasons !y w f9d x necess>y to be an*orites & to we> masks--!y w !re=e be ( little use 9 ! matt] ( seek+ = _! equals4 ,!y w live alone1 & probably "k ! torm5ts ( all ! lonelie/ =ms ( lonel9ess4 ,%\ld !y1 h[ev]1 ?anks to any accid5t1 meet ea* o!r on ! road1 ,i wag] t !y w\ld n "k ea* o!r1 or t !y w\ld deceive ea* o!r 9 a numb] ( ways4 #ihi4 ,les philosophes ne sont pas faits p\r s'aim]4 ,les aigles ne vol5t po9t en compagnie4 ,il faut laiss] cela aux p]drix1 aux t\rneaux 444 ,plan] au-dessus et avoir des griffes1 voila le lot des gr&s gnies4--,,galiani4 #iij4 ,i =got to say t su* philosoph]s are *e]ful1 & t !y l to sit 9 ! abyss ( a p]fectly cle> sky3 !y are 9 ne$ ( diff]5t means = endur+ life ?an o!r m52 = !y suff] 9 a diff]5t way 7t is to say1 j z mu* f ! dep? ( _! contempt ( man z f _! love ( man74--,! animal :i* suff]$ mo/ on e>? discov]$ = itself --laught]4 #iia4 ,conc]n+ ! misund]/&+ ( *e]fulness4 --,x is a tempor>y relief f long t5sion2 x is ! wantonness1 ! ,saturnalia ( a _s1 :i* is consecrat+ & prep>+ itself = long & t]rible resolutions4 ,! fool 9 ! =m ( sci5ce4 #iib4 ,! new ord] ( rank among spirits2 tragic natures no long] 9 ! van4 #iic4 ,x is a com=t to me to "k t ov] ! smoke & fil? ( human bas5ess !re is a high] & bright] mank9d1 :i*1 judg+ f _! numb]1 mu/ be a small race 7= ev]y?+ t is 9 any way di/+ui%$ is ipso facto r>e74 ,a man does n belong to ?is race because he happ5s to be m gift$1 m virtu\s1 m h]oic1 or m lov+ ?an ! m5 bel[1 b because he is cold]1 bright]1 m f>-sight$1 & m lonely2 because he endures1 pref]s1 & ev5 insi/s ^u1 lonel9ess z ! joy1 ! privilege1 yea1 ev5 ! condition ( exi/5ce2 because he lives amid cl\ds & lightn+s z among 8 equals1 & likewise among sunrays1 dewdrops1 sn[flakes1 & all t :i* mu/ ne$s come f ! heights1 & :i* 9 its c\rse moves ev] f heav5 to e>?4 ,! desire to look al(t is n our desire4--,h]oes1 m>tyrs1 g5iuses1 & en?usia/s ( all k9ds1 are n quiet1 pati5t1 subtle1 cold1 or sl[ en\gh = u4 #iid4 ,! absolute conviction t valuations above & bel[ are diff]5t2 t innum]able exp]i5ces are want+ to ! latt]3 t :5 look+ upw>ds f bel[ misund]/&+s are necess>y4 #iie4 ,h[ d m5 atta9 to great p[] & to great tasks8 ,all ! virtues & pr(ici5ces ( ! body & ! s\l are little by little labori\sly acquir$1 ?r\gh great indu/ry1 self-control1 & keep+ "o's self )9 n>r[ b\nds1 ?r\gh a frequ5t1 en]getic1 & g5u9e repetition ( ! same "w & ( ! same h>d%ips2 b !re are m5 :o are ! heirs & ma/]s ( ?is sl[ly acquir$ & manifold treasure ( virtues & pr(ici5ces because1 ow+ to happy & reasonable m>riages & also to lucky accid5ts1 ! acquir$ & accumulat$ =ces ( _m g5]ations1 in/ead ( be+ squ&]$ & subdivid$1 h be5 assembl$ toge!r by means ( /eadfa/ /ruggl+ & will+4 ,& ?us1 9 ! end1 a man appe>s :o is su* a mon/] ( /r5g?1 t he craves = a mon/r\s task4 ,= x is our p[] :i* has comm& ( u3 & ! wret*$ intellectual play ( aims & int5tions & motivations lies only 9 ! =egr\nd--h[ev] mu* weak eyes may recognise ! pr9cipal factors 9 ^! ?+s4 #iij4 ,! sublime man has ! highe/ value1 ev5 :5 he is mo/ delicate & fragile1 because an abundance ( v difficult & r>e ?+s h be5 re>$ ?r\gh _m g5]ations & unit$ 9 him4 #iig4 ,i tea* t !re are high] & l[] m51 & t a s+le individual may "u c]ta9 circum/ances ju/ify :ole mill5niums ( exi/5ce --t is to say1 a weal?i]1 m gift$1 great]1 & m complete man1 z comp>$ ) innum]able imp]fect & fragm5t>y m54 #iih4 ,away f rul]s & rid ( all bonds1 live ! highe/ m53 & 9 ! rul]s !y h _! in/rum5ts4 #iii4 ,! ord] ( rank3 he :o det]m9es values & leads ! w ( mill5niums1 & does ?is by lead+ ! highe/ natures--he is ! highe/ man4 #ajjj4 ,i fancy ,i h div9$ "s ( ! ?+s t lie hidd5 9 ! s\l ( ! highe/ man2 p]haps e man :o has div9$ s mu* mu/ g to ru93 b he :o has se5 ! highe/ man mu/ d all he c to make him possible4 ,fundam5tal ?\ght3 we mu/ make ! future ! /&>d ( all our valuations--& n seek ! laws = our conduct beh9d u4 #ajja4 ,n mank9d1 b ,sup]man is ! goal6 #ajjb4 ,come l'uom s'et]na4444--,inf4 xv4 #he4 ,,ii4 ,,dionysus4 #ajjc4 ,to him :o is "o ( ,nature's lucky /rokes1 to1 him unto :om my he>t goes out1 to him :o is c>v$ f "o integral block1 :i* is h>d1 sweet1 & fragrant--to him f :om ev5 my nose c d]ive "s pleasure--let ?is book be d$icat$4 ,he enjoys t :i* is b5eficial to him4 ,8 pleasure 9 any?+ ceases :5 ! limits ( :at is b5eficial to him are ov]/epp$4 ,he div9es ! rem$ies = p>tial injuries2 8 illnesses are ! great /imulants ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,he und]/&s h[ to exploit 8 s]i\s accid5ts4 ,he gr[s /rong] "u ! mis=tunes :i* ?reat5 to annihilate him4 ,he in/9ctively ga!rs f all he sees1 he>s1 & exp]i5ces1 ! mat]ials = :at conc]ns him mo/1--he pursues a selective pr9ciple1--he rejects a good deal4 ,he reacts ) t t>d9ess :i* long caution & delib]ate pride h br$ 9 him1--he te/s ! /imulus3 :5ce does x come8 :i!r does x lead8 ,he does n submit4 ,he is always 9 8 own company1 :e!r 8 int]c\rse be ) books1 ) m51 or ) ,nature4 ,he hon\rs any?+ by *oos+ x1 by conc$+ to x1 by tru/+ x4 #ajjd4 ,we %\ld atta9 to su* a height1 to su* a l(ty eagle's l$ge1 9 our obs]vation1 z to be able to und]/& t ev]y?+ happ5s1 j z x ought to happ53 & t all imp]fection1 & ! pa9 x br+s1 belong to all t :i* is mo/ em95tly desirable4 #ajje4 ,t[>ds #ahgf ,i exp]i5c$ a fright2 = ,i saw t ev]y?+ ,i _h mo/ wi%$ = up to t "t 0 be+ compromis$4 ,i realis$ ?is :5 ,i p]ceiv$ :at ,wagn] 0 actually driv+ at3 & ,i 0 b\nd v fa/ to him--by all ! bonds ( a pr(\nd simil>ity ( ne$s1 by gratitude1 by ! ?\ght t he c\ld n be replac$1 & by ! absolute void :i* ,i saw fac+ me4 ,j ab\t ?is "t ,i believ$ myself to be inextricably entangl$ 9 my philology & my pr(essor%ip--9 ! accid5t & la/ %ift ( my life3 ,i did n "k h[ to get out ( x1 & 0 tir$1 us$ up1 & on my la/ legs4 ,at ab\t ! same "t ,i realis$ t :at my in/9cts mo/ desir$ to atta9 0 precisely ! rev]se ( :at ,s*op5hau]'s in/9cts want$--t is to say1 a ju/ification ( life1 ev5 :]e x 0 mo/ t]rible1 mo/ equivocal1 & mo/ false3 to ?is end1 ,i _h ! =mula ,dionysian 9 my h&4 ,s*op5hau]'s int]pretation ( ! absolute z w 0 c]ta9ly a /ep t[>ds t concept ( ! absolute :i* suppos$ x to be necess>ily good1 bless$1 true1 & integral1 b ,s*op5hau] did n und]/& h[ to deify ?is w3 he rema9$ susp5d$ 9 ! moral-,*ri/ian ideal4 ,inde$1 he 0 /ill s v mu* "u ! dom9ion ( ,*ri/ian values1 t1 once he c\ld no long] reg>d ! absolute z ,god1 he _h to conceive x z evil1 fooli%1 utt]ly repreh5sible4 ,he did n realise t !re is an inf9ite numb] ( ways ( be+ diff]5t1 & ev5 ( be+ ,god4 #ajjf4 ,hi!rto1 moral values h be5 ! highe/ values3 does anybody d\bt ?is8 ,if we br+ d[n ! values f _! p$e/al1 we !reby alt] all values2 ! pr9ciple ( _! ord] ( rank :i* has prevail$ hi!rto is ?us ov]?r[n4 #ajjg4 ,transvalue values--:at does ?is mean8 ,x implies t all spontane\s motives1 all new1 future1 & /rong] motives1 are /ill extant2 b t !y n[ appe> "u false names & false valuations1 & h n yet become consci\s ( !mselves4 ,we ought to h ! c\rage to become1 consci\s1 & to affirm all t :i* has be5 atta9$--to get rid ( ! humdrum "* ( old valuations1 :i* makes u unwor?y ( ! be/ & /ronge/ ?+s t we h a*iev$4 #ajjh4 ,any doctr9e w\ld be sup]flu\s = :i* ev]y?+ is n already prep>$ 9 ! way ( accumulat$ =ces & explosive mat]ial4 ,a transvaluation ( values c only be accompli%$ :5 !re is a t5sion ( new ne$s1 & a new set ( ne$y p :o feel all old values z pa9ful1--al?\gh !y are n consci\s ( :at is wrong4 #ajji4 ,! /&po9t f :i* my values are det]m9$3 is abundance or desire active8 444 ,is "o a m]e spectator1 or is "o's own %\ld] at ! :eel--is "o look+ away or is "o turn+ aside8 444 ,is "o act+ spontane\sly1 z ! result ( accumulat$ /r5g?1 or is "o m]ely react+ to a goad or to a /imulus8 444 ,is "o simply act+ z ! result ( a paucity ( elem5ts1 or ( su* an ov]:elm+ dom9ion ov] a ho/ ( elem5ts t ?is p[] enli/s ! latt] into its s]vice if x requires !m8 444 ,is "o a problem "o's self or is "o a solution already8 444 ,is "o p]fect ?r\gh ! smallness ( ! task1 or imp]fect ow+ to ! extraord9>y "* ( ! aim8 444 ,is "o g5u9e or only an actor2 is "o g5u9e z an actor1 or only ! bad copy ( an actor8 is "o a repres5tative or ! creature repres5t$8 ,is "o a p]sonality or m]ely a r5dezv\s ( p]sonalities8 444 ,is "o ill f a disease or f surplus heal?8 ,does "o lead z a %eph]d1 or z an exception 7?ird alt]native3 z a fugitive78 ,is "o 9 ne$ ( dignity1 or c "o play ! cl[n8 ,is "o 9 se>* ( resi/ance1 or is "o evad+ x8 ,is "o imp]fect ow+ to "o's precocity or to "o's t>d9ess8 ,is x "o's nature to say yea1 or no1 or is "o a peacock's tail ( g>i% p>ts8 ,is "o pr\d en\gh n to feel a%am$ ev5 ( "o's vanity8 ,is "o /ill able to feel a bite ( consci5ce 7?is species is becom+ r>e2 =m]ly consci5ce _h to bite too (t53 x is z if x n[ no long] _h en\gh tee? to d s78 ,is "o /ill capable ( a duty8 7!re are "s p :o w\ld lose ! :ole joy ( _! lives if !y 7 depriv$ ( _! duty--?is holds good especially ( fem99e creatures1 :o are born subjects74 #ajaj4 ,suppos+ our common compreh5sion ( ! univ]se 7 a misund]/&+1 w\ld x be possible to conceive ( a =m ( p]fection1 )9 ! limits ( :i* ev5 su* a misund]/&+ z ?is c\ld be sanction$8 ,! concept ( a new =m ( p]fection3 t :i* does n correspond to our logic1 to our beauty1 to our good1 to our tru?1 might be p]fect 9 a high] s5se ev5 ?an our ideal is4 #ajaa4 ,our mo/ important limitation3 we mu/ n deify ! unkn[n2 we are j beg9n+ to "k s little4 ,! false & wa/$ endeav\rs4 ,our new _w3 we mu/ asc]ta9 to :at ext5t we are ! creators ( our valuations--we w ?us be able to put s5se into hi/ory4 ,?is belief 9 tru? is rea*+ its f9al logical conclusion 9 u--ye "k h[ x reads3 t if !re is any?+ at all t mu/ be wor%ipp$ x is appe>ance2 t falsehood & n tru? is--div9e4 #ajab4 ,he :o urges rational ?\ght =w>d1 !reby also drives its antagoni/ic p[]--my/icism & fool]y ( e k9d--to new feats ( /r5g?4 ,we %\ld recognise t e movem5t is 7#a7 p>tly ! manife/ation ( fatigue result+ f a previ\s movem5t 7satiety aft] x1 ! malice ( weakness t[>ds x1 & disease72 & 7#b7 p>tly a newly awak5$ accumulation ( long slumb]+ =ces1 & !re=e wanton1 viol5t1 heal?y4 #ajac4 ,heal? & morbidness3 let u be c>eful6 ,! /&>d is ! bloom ( ! body1 ! agility1 c\rage1 & *e]fulness ( ! m9d--b also1 ( c\rse1 h[ mu* morbidness a man c be> & ov]come1--& conv]t into heal?4 ,t :i* w\ld s5d m delicate natures to ! dogs1 belongs to ! /imulat+ means ( great heal?4 #ajad4 ,x is only a "q ( p[]3 to h all ! morbid traits ( ! c5tury1 b to balance !m ,i by means ( ov]fl[+1 pla/ic1 & rejuv5at+ p[]4 ,! /rong man4 #ajae4 ,conc]n+ ! /r5g? ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4--,we are m m$ival ?an ! eighte5? c5tury2 n only m inquisitive or m susceptible to ! /range & to ! r>e4 ,we h revolt$ aga9/ ! ,revolution1 444 ,we h fre$ ourselves f ! fe> ( reason1 :i* 0 ! spectre ( ! eighte5? c5tury3 we once m d>e to be *ildi%1 lyrical1 absurd1 9 a ^w1 we are musicians4 ,& we are j z little fright5$ ( ! ridicul\s z ( ! absurd4 ,! devil f9ds t he is tol]at$ ev5 by ,god3#f bett] /ill1 he has become int]e/+ z "o :o has be5 misund]/ood & sl&]$ = ages1--we are ! savi\rs ( ! devil's hon\r4 ,we no long] sep>ate ! great f ! t]rible4 ,we reconcile good ?+s1 9 all _! complexity1 ) ! v wor/ ?+s2 we h ov]come ! desid]atum ( ! pa/ 7:i* want$ goodness to gr[ )\t ! increase ( evil74 ,! c[>dice t[>ds ! ideal1 peculi> to ! ,r5aissance1 has dim9i%$--we ev5 d>e to aspire to ! latt]'s morality4 ,intol]ance t[>ds prie/s & ! ,*ur* has at ! same "t come to an end2 ,x is immoral to believe 9 ,god--b ?is is precisely :at we reg>d z ! be/ possible ju/ification ( ?is belief4 ,on all ^! ?+s we h conf]r$ ! civic rights ( our m9ds4 ,we d n tremble be=e ! back side ( good ?+s 7we ev5 look = x1 we are brave & inquisitive en\gh = t71 ( ,greek antiquity1 ( morality1 ( reason1 ( good ta/e1 = in/ance 7we reckon up ! losses :i* we incur ) all ?is treasure3 we almo/ r$uce ourselves to pov]ty ) su* a treasure74 ,nei!r d we conceal ! back side ( evil ?+s f ourselves4 ,footnote #f3 ,?is is rem9isc5t ( ,goe!'s ,fau/1 ,see ,prologue 9 ,heav54--,tr4 #ajaf4 ,t :i* does u hon\r4--,if any?+ does u hon\r1 x is ?is3 we h transf]r$ our s]i\sness to o!r ?+s2 all ^? ?+s :i* h be5 despis$ & laid aside z base by all ages1 we reg>d z important--on ! o!r h&1 we surr5d] f9e feel+s at a *eap rate4 ,c\ld any ab]ration be m dang]\s ?an ! contempt ( ! body8 ,z if all intellectuality 7 n !reby condemn$ to become morbid1 & to take refuge 9 ! vapeurs ( idealism6 ,no?+ t has be5 ?\ght out by ,*ri/ians & ideali/s holds wat]3 we are m radical4 ,we h discov]$ ! smalle/ _w ev]y:]e z ! mo/ decisive4 ,! pav+-/ones 9 ! /reets1 good air 9 our rooms1 food und]/ood accord+ to its wor?3 we value all ! necess>ies ( life s]i\sly1 & despise all beautiful s\lfulness z a =m ( levity & frivolity4 ,t :i* has be5 mo/ despis$ hi!rto1 is n[ press$ into ! front rank4 #ajag ,9 ! place ( ,r\sseau's man ( ,nature1 ! n9ete5? c5tury has discov]$ a mu* m g5u9e image ( ,man1--x _h ! c\rage to d ?is4444 ,on ! :ole1 ! ,*ri/ian concept ( man has 9 a way be5 re9/all$4 ,:at we h n _h ! c\rage to d1 0 to call precisely ?is man p> excell5ce1 good1 & to see ! future ( mank9d gu>ante$ 9 him4 ,9 ! same way1 we did n d>e to reg>d ! gr[? 9 ! t]rible side ( man's "* z an accompany+ feature ( e advance 9 culture2 9 ?is s5se we are /ill "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal1 & side ) x aga9/ paganism1 & likewise aga9/ ! ,r5aissance concept ( virt4 ,b ! key ( culture is n to be f\nd 9 ?is way3 & 9 praxi we /ill h ! =g]ies ( hi/ory 9 fav\r ( ! good man 7z if he alone con/itut$ ! progress ( humanity7 & ! sociali/ic ideal 7i4e4 ! residue ( ,*ri/ianity & ( ,r\sseau 9 ! de-,*ri/ianis$ _w74 ,! fight aga9/ ! eighte5? c5tury3 x meets ) its greate/ conqu]ors 9 ,goe! & ,napoleon4 ,s*op5hau]1 too1 fights aga9/ ! eighte5? c5tury2 b he returns involunt>ily to ! sev5te5?--he is a mod]n ,pascal1 ) ,pascalian valuations1 )\t ,*ri/ianity4 ,s*op5hau] 0 n /rong en\gh to inv5t a new yea4 ,napoleon3 we see ! necess>y relation%ip betwe5 ! high] & ! t]rible man4 ,man re9/all$1 & h] due ( contempt & fe> re/or$ to woman4 ,highe/ activity & heal? are ! signs ( ! great man2 ! /raight l9e & gr& /yle r$iscov]$ 9 action2 ! mightie/ ( all in/9cts1 t ( life itself1--! lu/ ( dom9ion1--he>tily welcom$4 #ajah4 7,revue des deux mondes1 #ae? ,febru>y #ahhg4 ,ta9e conc]n+ ,napoleon7 ,sudd5ly ! ma/] faculty reveals itself3 ! arti/1 :i* 0 lat5t 9 ! politician1 comes =? f 8 scabb>d2 he creates dans l'idal et l'impossible4 ,he is once m recognis$ z t :i* he is3 ! po/hum\s bro!r ( ,dante & ( ,mi*elangelo2 & v]ily1 9 view ( ! def9ite cont\rs ( 8 vision1 ! int5sity1 ! coh]5ce1 & inn] consi/5cy ( 8 dream1 ! dep? ( 8 m$itations1 ! sup]human greatness ( 8 conception1 he is _! equal3 son gnie a la mme taille et la mme /ructure2 il e/ un des trois esprits s\v]a9s de la r5aissance itali5ne4 ,nota b5e4 ,dante1 ,mi*elangelo1 ,napoleon4 #ajai4 ,conc]n+ ! pessimism ( /r5g?4 ,9 ! int]nal economy ( ! primitive man's s\l1 ! fe> ( evil prepond]ates4 ,:at is evil6 ,?ree k9ds ( ?+s3 accid5t1 unc]ta9ty1 ! unexpect$4 ,h[ does primitive man combat evil8--,he conceives x z a ?+ ( reason1 ( p[]1 ev5 z a p]son4 ,by ?is means he is enabl$ to make treaties ) x1 & g5]ally to op]ate ^u x 9 advance--to =e/all x4 --,ano!r exp$i5t is to decl>e its evil & h>mful "* to be b app>5t3 ! consequ5ces ( accid5tal occurr5ces1 & ( unc]ta9ty & ! unexpect$1 are int]pret$ z well-meant1 z reasonable4 --,a ?ird means is to int]pret evil1 above all1 z m]it$3 evil is ?us ju/ifi$ z a puni%m5t4 --,9 %ort1 man submits to 9 all religi\s & moral int]pretations are b =ms ( submission to evil4--,! belief t a good purpose lies beh9d all evil1 implies ! r5unciation ( any desire to combat x4 ,n[1 ! hi/ory ( e culture %[s a dim9ution ( ?is fe> ( ! accid5tal1 ( ! unc]ta91 & ( ! unexpect$4 ,culture means precisely1 to le>n to reckon1 to discov] causes1 to acquire ! p[] ( =e/all+ ev5ts1 to acquire a belief 9 necessity4 ,) ! gr[? ( culture1 man is able to disp5se ) t primitive =m ( submission to evil 7call$ religion or morality71 & t ju/ification ( evil4 ,n[ he wages w> aga9/ evil1--he gets rid ( x4 ,yes1 a /ate ( security1 ( belief 9 law & ! possibility ( calculation1 is possible1 9 :i* consci\sness reg>ds ^! ?+s ) t$ium1--9 :i* ! joy ( ! accid5tal1 ( ! unc]ta91 & ( ! unexpect$1 actually becomes a spur4 ,let u halt a mom5t be=e ?is symptom ( highe/ culture1 ,i call x ! pessimism ( /r5g?4 ,man n[ no long] requires a ju/ification ( evil2 ju/ification is precisely :at he abhors3 he enjoys evil1 pur1 cru2 he reg>ds purposeless evil z ! mo/ int]e/+ k9d ( evil4 ,if he _h requir$ a ,god 9 ! pa/1 he n[ delights 9 cosmic disord] )\t a ,god1 a _w ( accid5t1 to ! ess5ce ( :i* t]ror1 ambiguity1 & s$uctiv5ess belong4 ,9 a /ate ( ?is sort1 x is precisely goodness :i* requires to be ju/ifi$--t is to say1 x mu/ ei!r h an evil & a dang]\s basis1 or else x mu/ conta9 a va/ am\nt ( /upidity3 9 :i* case x /ill pleases4 ,animality no long] awak5s t]ror n[2 a v intellectual & happy wanton _s 9 fav\r ( ! animal 9 man1 is1 9 su* p]iods1 ! mo/ triumphant =m ( spirituality4 ,man is n[ /rong en\gh to be able to feel a%am$ ( a belief 9 ,god3 he may n[ play ! "p ( ! devil's advocate afre%4 ,if 9 practice he pret5ds to uphold virtue1 x w be = ^? reasons :i* lead virtue to be associat$ ) subtlety1 cunn+1 lu/ ( ga91 & a =m ( ! lu/ ( p[]4 ,?is pessimism ( /r5g? also ends 9 a !odicy1 i4e4 9 an absolute say+ ( yea to ! _w--b ! same argum5ts w be rais$ 9 fav\r ( life :i* =m]ly 7 rais$ aga9/ x3 & 9 ?is way1 9 a conception ( ?is _w z ! highe/ ideal possible1 :i* has be5 effectively atta9$4 #ajbj4 ,! pr9cipal k9ds ( pessimism3-- ,! pessimism ( s5sitiv5ess 7excessive irritability ) a prepond]ance ( ! feel+s ( pa974 ,! pessimism ( ! w t is n free 7o!rwise express$3 ! lack ( resi/+ p[] aga9/ /imuli74 ,! pessimism ( d\bt 7%yness 9 reg>d to ev]y?+ fix$1 9 reg>d to all grasp+ & t\*+74 ,! psy*ological conditions :i* belong to ^! diff]5t k9ds ( pessimism1 may all be obs]v$ 9 a lunatic asylum1 ev5 ?\gh !y are !re f\nd 9 a slightly exagg]at$ =m4 ,! same applies to ,nihilism 7! p5etrat+ feel+ ( non5tity74 ,:at1 h[ev]1 is ! nature ( ,pascal's moral pessimism1 & ! metaphysical pessimism ( ! ,v$nta-,philosophy8 ,:at is ! nature ( ! social pessimism ( an>*i/s 7z ( ,%elley71 & ( ! pessimism ( compassion 7l t ( ,leo ,tol/oy & ( ,alfr$ de ,vigny78 ,are all ^! ?+s n also ! ph5om5a ( decay & sickness8444 ,& is n excessive s]i\sness 9 reg>d to moral values1 or 9 reg>d to o!r-_w fictions1 or social calamities1 or suff]+ 9 g5]al1 ( ! same ord]8 ,all su* exagg]ation ( a s+le & n>r[ /&po9t is 9 itself a sign ( sickness4 ,! same applies to ! prepond]ance ( a negative ov] an affirmative attitude6 ,9 ?is respect we mu/ n conf\nd ) ! above3 ! joy ( say+ & do+ no1 :i* is ! result ( ! enorm\s p[] & t5s5ess ( an affirmative attitude--peculi> to all ri* & mighty m5 & ages4 ,x is1 z x 71 a luxury1 a =m ( c\rage too1 :i* opposes ! t]rible1 :i* has sympa?y ) ! frightful & ! que/ionable1 because1 among o!r ?+s1 "o is t]rible & que/ionable3 ! ,dionysian 9 w1 intellect1 & ta/e4 #ajba4 ,my ,five ,noes4 7#a7 ,my fight aga9/ ! feel+ ( s9 & ! introduction ( ! notion ( puni%m5t into ! physical & metaphysical _w1 likewise into psy*ology & ! int]pretation ( hi/ory4 ,! recognition ( ! fact t all philosophies & valuations hi!rto h be5 saturat$ ) morality4 7#b7 ,my id5tification & my discov]y ( ! traditional ideal1 ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal1 ev5 :]e ! dogmatic =m ( ,*ri/ianity has be5 wreck$4 ,! dang] ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal resides 9 its valuations1 9 t :i* c disp5se ) concrete expression3 my /ruggle aga9/ lat5t ,*ri/ianity 7= in/ance1 9 music1 9 ,socialism74 7#c7 ,my /ruggle aga9/ ! eighte5? c5tury ( ,r\sseau1 aga9/ 8 ,nature1 aga9/ 8 good man1 8 belief 9 ! dom9ion ( feel+--aga9/ ! pamp]+1 weak5+1 & moralis+ ( man3 an ideal born ( ! hatr$ ( ari/ocratic culture1 :i* 9 practice is ! dom9ion ( unbridl$ feel+s ( res5tm5t1 & inv5t$ z a /&>d = ! purpose ( w> 7! ,*ri/ian morality ( ! feel+ ( s91 z well z ! morality ( res5tm5t1 is an attitude ( ! mob74 7#d7 ,my fight aga9/ ,romanticism1 9 :i* ! ideals ( ,*ri/ianity & ( ,r\sseau conv]ge1 b :i* possesses at ! same "t a ye>n+ = t antiquity :i* knew ( sac]dotal & ari/ocratic culture1 a ye>n+ = virt1 & = ! /rong man--some?+ extremely hybrid2 a false & imitat$ k9d ( /rong] humanity1 :i* appreciates extreme conditions 9 g5]al & sees ! symptom ( /r5g? 9 !m 7! cult ( passion2 an imitation ( ! mo/ expressive =ms1 furore espressivo1 orig9at+ n out ( pl5itude1 b out ( want74--7,9 ! n9ete5? c5tury !re are "s ?+s :i* are born out ( relative pl5itude--i4e4 out ( well-be+2 *e]ful music1 etc4--among poets1 = in/ance1 ,/ift] & ,gottfri$ ,kell] give signs ( m /r5g? & inn] well-be+ ?an--4 ,! great /rides ( eng9e]+1 ( inv5tions1 ( ! natural sci5ces & ( hi/ory 787 are relative products ( ! /r5g? & self-reliance ( ! n9ete5? c5tury47 7#e7 ,my /ruggle aga9/ ! pr$om9ance ( greg>i\s in/9cts1 n[ sci5ce makes common cause ) !m2 aga9/ ! pr(\nd hate ) :i* e k9d ( ord] ( rank & ( alo(ness is treat$4 #ajbb4 ,f ! pressure ( pl5itude1 f ! t5sion ( =ces t are cont9ually increas+ )9 u & :i* _c yet dis*>ge !mselves1 a condition is produc$ :i* is v simil> to t :i* prec$es a /orm3 we--l ,nature's sky--become ov]ca/4 ,i hat1 too1 is pessimism444 ,a tea*+ :i* puts an end to su* a condition by ! fact t x comm&s some?+3 a transvaluation ( values by means ( :i* ! accumulat$ =ces are giv5 a *annel1 a direction1 s t !y explode into de$s & fla%es ( lightn+-does n 9 ! lea/ require to be a h$oni/ic tea*+3 9 s f> z x releases /r5g? :i* 0 compress$ to an agonis+ degree1 x br+s happ9ess4 #ajbc4 ,pleasure appe>s ) ! feel+ ( p[]4 ,happ9ess means t ! consci\sness ( p[] & triumph has begun to prevail4 ,progress is ! /r5g!n+ ( ! type1 ! ability to ex]cise great w-p[]1 ev]y?+ else is a misund]/&+ & a dang]4 #ajbd4 ,!re comes a "t :5 ! old masqu]ade & moral togg+-up ( ! passions provokes repugnance3 nak$ ,nature2 :5 ! quanta ( p[] are recognis$ z decid$ly simple 7z det]m9+ rank72 :5 gr& /yle appe>s aga9 z ! result ( great passion4 #ajbe4 ,! purpose ( culture w\ld h u enli/ ev]y?+ t]rible1 /ep by /ep & exp]im5tally1 into its s]vice2 b be=e x is /rong en\gh = ?is x mu/ combat1 mod]ate1 mask1 & ev5 curse ev]y?+ t]rible4 ,:]ev] a culture po9ts to any?+ z evil1 x betrays its fe> & !re=e weakness4 ,!sis3 ev]y?+ good is ! evil ( yore :i* has be5 r5d]$ s]viceable4 ,/&>d3 ! m t]rible & ! great] ! passions may be :i* an age1 a p1 & an individual are at lib]ty to possess1 because !y are able to use !m z a means1 ! high] is _! culture3 ! m m$iocre1 weak1 submissive1 & c[>dly a man may be1 ! m ?+s he w reg>d z evil3 accord+ to him ! k+dom ( evil is ! l>ge/4 ,! l[e/ man w see ! k+dom ( evil 7i4e4 t :i* is =bidd5 him & :i* is ho/ile to him7 ev]y:]e4 #ajbf4 ,x is n a fact t happ9ess foll[s virtue--b x is ! mighty man :o fir/ decl>es 8 happy /ate to be virtue4 ,evil actions belong to ! mighty & ! virtu\s3 bad & base actions belong to ! subject$4 ,! mightie/ man1 ! creator1 w\ld h to be ! mo/ evil1 inasmu* z he makes 8 ideal prevail ov] all m5 9 opposition to _! ideals1 & rem\lds !m accord+ to 8 own image4 ,evil1 9 ?is respect1 means h>d1 pa9ful1 en=c$4 ,su* m5 z ,napoleon mu/ always return & always settle our belief 9 ! self-glory ( ! individual afre%3 he himself1 h[ev]1 0 corrupt$ by ! means he _h to /oop to1 & _h lo/ noblesse ( "*4 ,if he _h _h to prevail among ano!r k9d ( m51 he c\ld h avail$ himself ( o!r means2 & ?us x w\ld n seem necess>y t a ,cs> mu/ become bad4 #ajbg4 ,man is a comb9ation ( ! bea/ & ! sup]-bea/2 high] man a comb9ation ( ! mon/] & ! sup]man3#g ^! opposites belong to ea* o!r4 ,) e degree ( a man's gr[? t[>ds greatness & l(t9ess1 he also gr[s d[nw>ds into ! dep?s & into ! t]rible3 we %\ld n desire ! "o )\t ! o!r2--or1 bett] /ill3 ! m fundam5tally we desire ! "o1 ! m completely we %all a*ieve ! o!r4 ,footnote #g3 ,! play on ! ,g]man words3 ,un?i] & b]?i]1 ,unm5s* & b]m5s*1 is un=tunately n translatable4--,tr4 #ajbh4 ,t]ribl5ess belongs to greatness3 let u n deceive ourselves4 #ajbi4 ,i h taught ! k ( su* t]rible ?+s1 t all ,epicurean cont5tm5t is impossible conc]n+ !m4 ,dionysian pleasure is ! only adequate k9d "h3 ,i 0 ! fir/ to discov] ! tragic4 ,?anks to _! sup]ficiality 9 e?ics1 ! ,greeks misund]/ood x4 ,resignation is n ! lesson ( trag$y1 b only ! misund]/&+ ( x6 ,! ye>n+ = non5tity is ! d5ial ( tragic wisdom1 its opposite6 #ajcj4 ,a ri* & p[]ful s\l n only gets ov] pa9ful & ev5 t]rible losses1 deprivations1 robb]ies1 & insults3 x actually leaves su* d>k inf]nos 9 possession ( /ill great] pl5itude & p[]2 &1 :at is mo/ important ( all1 9 possession ( an increas$ blissfulness 9 love4 ,i believe t he :o has div9$ some?+ ( ! mo/ fundam5tal conditions ( love1 w und]/& ,dante = hav+ writt5 ov] ! door ( 8 ,inf]no3 ,i also am ! creation ( et]nal love4 #ajca4 ,to h travell$ ov] ! :ole circumf]5ce ( ! mod]n s\l1 & to h sat 9 all its corn]s--my ambition1 my torm5t1 & my happ9ess4 ,v]itably to h ov]come pessimism1 &1 z ! result !re(1 to h acquir$ ! eyes ( a ,goe!--full ( love & goodwill4 #ajcb4 ,! fir/ "q is by no means :e!r we are satisfi$ ) ourselves2 b :e!r we are satisfi$ ) any?+ at all4 ,grant+ t we %\ld say yea to any s+le mom5t1 we h !n affirm$ n only ourselves1 b ! :ole ( exi/5ce4 ,= no?+ /&s by itself1 ei!r 9 u or 9 o!r ?+s3 & if our s\l has vibrat$ & rung ) happ9ess1 l a *ord1 once only & only once1 !n all et]nity 0 necess>y 9 ord] to br+ ab\t t "o ev5t1--& all et]nity1 9 ?is s+le mom5t ( our affirmation1 0 call$ good1 0 sav$1 ju/ifi$1 & bless$4 #ajcc4 ,! passions :i* say yea4 ,i ride1 happ9ess1 heal?1 ! love ( ! sexes1 ho/ility & w>1 rev]5ce1 beautiful attitudes1 mann]s1 /rong w1 ! discipl9e ( l(ty spirituality1 ! w to p[]1 & gratitude to ! ,e>? & to ,life3 all t is ri*1 t w\ld fa9 be/[1 & t refre%es1 gilds1 immortalises1 & deifies ,life--! :ole p[] ( ! virtues t glorify--all decl>+ ?+s good1 say+ yea1 & do+ yea4 #ajcd4 ,we1 _m or few1 :o once m d>e to live 9 a _w purg$ ( morality1 we pagans 9 fai?1 we are probably also ! fir/ :o und]/& :at a pagan fai? is3 to be oblig$ to imag9e high] creatures ?an man1 b to imag9e !m beyond good & evil2 to be compell$ to value all high] exi/5ce z immoral exi/5ce4 ,we believe 9 ,olympus1 & n 9 ! man on ! cross4 #ajce4 ,! m mod]n man has ex]cis$ 8 idealis+ p[] 9 reg>d to a ,god mo/ly by moralis+ ! latt] ev] m & m--:at does t mean8--no?+ good1 a dim9ution 9 man's /r5g?4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! rev]se w\ld be possible3 & indications ( ?is are n want+4 ,god imag9$ z emancipation f morality1 compris+ ! :ole ( ! abundant assembly ( ,life's contra/s1 & sav+ & ju/ify+ !m 9 a div9e agony4 ,god z ! beyond1 ! sup]ior elevation1 to ! wret*$ cul-de-sac morality ( ,good & ,evil4 #ajcf4 ,a humanit>ian ,god _c be demon/rat$ f ! _w t is kn[n to u3 s mu* are ye driv5 & =c$ to conclude to-day4 ,b :at conclusion d ye draw f ?is8 ,he _c be demon/rat$ to u3 ! scepticism ( k4 ,y all fe> ! conclusion3 ,f ! _w t is kn[n to u q a diff]5t ,god w\ld be demon/rable1 su* a "o z w\ld c]ta9ly n be humanit>ian--&1 9 a ^w1 y cl+ fa/ to y\r ,god1 & inv5t a _w = ,him :i* is unkn[n to u4 #ajcg4 ,let u bani% ! highe/ good f our concept ( ,god3 x is unwor?y ( a ,god4 ,let u likewise bani% ! highe/ wisdom3 x is ! vanity ( philosoph]s :o h p]petrat$ ! absurdity ( a ,god :o is a mon/] ( wisdom3 ! idea 0 to make ,him z l !m z possible4 ,no6 ,god z ! highe/ p[]--t is suffici5t6--,ev]y?+ foll[s f t1 ev5--! _w6 #ajch ,& h[ _m new ,gods are n /ill possible6 ,i1 myself1 9 :om ! religi\s--t is to say1 ! god-creat+ in/9ct occasionally becomes active at ! mo/ inappropriate mom5ts3 h[ v diff]5tly ! div9e has reveal$ itself e "t to me6 444 ,s _m /range ?+s h pass$ be=e me 9 ^? timeless mom5ts1 :i* fall into a man's life z if !y came f ! moon1 & 9 :i* he absolutely no long] kn[s h[ old he is or h[ "y he /ill may be6 444 ,i w\ld n d\bt t !re are sev]al k9ds ( gods4444 ,"s are n want+ :i* "o c\ld n possibly imag9e )\t a c]ta9 halcyonic calm & levity4444 ,light feet p]haps belong to ! concept ,god4 ,is x necess>y to expla9 t a ,god kn[s h[ to hold ,himself pref]ably outside all ,phili/9e & rationali/ circles8 also 7betwe5 ourselves7 beyond good & evil8 ,8 outlook is a free "o--z ,goe! w\ld say4--,& to invoke ! au?ority ( ,z>a?u/ra1 :i* _c be too highly appreciat$ 9 ?is reg>d3 ,z>a?u/ra goes z f> z to confess1 ,i w\ld only believe 9 a ,god :o knew h[ to dance 444 ,aga9 ,i say3 h[ _m new ,gods are n /ill possible6 ,c]ta9ly ,z>a?u/ra himself is m]ely an old a!i/3 he believes nei!r 9 old nor 9 new gods4 ,z>a?u/ra says1 he w\ld--b ,z>a?u/ra w n4444 ,take c>e to und]/& him well4 ,! type ,god conceiv$ accord+ to ! type ( creative spirits1 ( great m54 #ajci4 ,& h[ _m new ideals are n1 at bottom1 /ill possible8 ,"h is a little ideal t ,i seize ^u e five weeks1 :ile ^u a wild & lonely walk1 9 ! azure mom5t ( a blasphem\s joy4 ,to sp5d "o's life amid delicate & absurd ?+s2 a /rang] to reality1 half-arti/1 half-bird1 half-metaphysician2 )\t a yea or a nay = reality1 save t f "t to "t "o ackn[l$ges x1 aft] ! mann] ( a good danc]1 ) ! tips ( "o's toes2 always tickl$ by "s happy ray ( sunlight2 reliev$ & enc\rag$ ev5 by sorr[ --= sorr[ pres]ves ! happy man2 fix+ a little tail ( jokes ev5 to ! mo/ holy ?+3 ?is1 z is cle>1 is ! ideal ( a heavy _s1 a ton 9 weight ( ! _s ( gravity4 #ajdj4 ,f ! milit>y-s*ool ( ! s\l4 7,d$icat$ to ! brave1 ! good-hum\r$1 & ! ab/95t47 ,i %\ld n l to und]value ! amiable virtues2 b greatness ( s\l is n compatible ) !m4 ,ev5 9 ! arts1 gr& /yle excludes all m]ely pleas+ qualities4 999999 ,9 times ( pa9ful t5sion & vuln]ability1 *oose w>4 ,w> h>d5s & develops muscle4 999999 ,^? :o h be5 deeply w\nd$ h ! ,olympian laught]2 a man only has :at he ne$s4 999999 ,x has n[ already la/$ t5 ye>s3 no s\nd any long] rea*es me--a l& )\t ra94 ,a man mu/ h a va/ am\nt ( humanity at 8 disposal 9 ord] n to p9e away 9 su* dr\ght4#h ,footnote #h3 ,= ! b5efit ( ^? read]s :o are n acqua9t$ ) ! circum/ances ( ,nietzs*e's life1 x w\ld be z well to po9t out t ?is is a purely p]sonal pla9t1 compreh5sible en\gh 9 ! m\? ( "o :o1 l ,nietzs*e1 0 = ye>s a lonely an*orite4--,tr4 #ajda4 ,my new road to an affirmative attitude4--,philosophy1 z ,i h und]/ood x & liv$ x up to ! pres5t1 is ! volunt>y que/ ( ! repulsive & atroci\s aspects ( exi/5ce4 ,f ! long exp]i5ce d]iv$ f su* w&]+ ov] ice & des]t1 ,i le>nt to reg>d q diff]5tly ev]y?+ t _h be5 philosophis$ hi!rto3 ! conceal$ hi/ory ( philosophy1 ! psy*ology ( its great names came into ! light = me4 ,h[ mu* tru? c a _s endure2 = h[ mu* tru? is x d>+ en\gh8--?is = me 0 ! real measure ( value4 ,error is a piece ( c[>dice 444 e victory on ! "p ( k1 is ! result ( c\rage1 ( h>dness t[>ds "o's self1 ( cleanl9ess t[>ds "o's self4444 ,! k9d ( exp]im5tal philosophy :i* ,i am liv+1 ev5 anticipates ! possibility ( ! mo/ fundam5tal ,nihilism1 on pr9ciple3 b by ?is ,i d n mean t x rema9s /&+ at a negation1 at a no1 or at a w to negation4 ,x w\ld r atta9 to ! v rev]se--to a ,dionysian affirmation ( ! _w1 z x is1 )\t subtraction1 exception1 or *oice--x w\ld h et]nal circul> motion3 ! same ?+s1 ! same reason+1 & ! same illogical concat5ation4 ,! highe/ /ate to :i* a philosoph] c atta93 to ma9ta9 a ,dionysian attitude to ,life--my =mula = ?is is amor fati4 ,to ?is end we mu/ n only consid] ^? aspects ( life :i* h be5 d5i$ hi!rto1 z3 necess>y1 b z desirable1 & n only desirable to ^? aspects :i* h be5 affirm$ hi!rto 7z complem5ts or fir/ pr]equisites1 s to speak71 b = _! own sake1 z ! m p[]ful1 m t]rible1 & m v]itable aspects ( life1 9 :i* ! latt]'s w expresses itself mo/ cle>ly4 ,to ?is end1 we mu/ also value t aspect ( exi/5ce :i* alone has be5 affirm$ until n[2 we mu/ und]/& :5ce ?is valuation arises1 & to h[ slight an ext5t x has to d ) a ,dionysian valuation ( ,life3 ,i select$ & und]/ood t :i* 9 ?is respect says yea 7on ! "o h&1 ! in/9ct ( ! suff]]2 on ! o!r1 ! greg>i\s in/9ct2 & ?irdly1 ! in/9ct ( ! great] numb] aga9/ ! exceptions74 ,?us ,i div9$ to :at ext5t a /rong] k9d ( man mu/ necess>ily imag9e--! elevation & enhancem5t ( man 9 ano!r direction3 high] creatures1 beyond good & evil1 beyond ^? values :i* be> ! /amp ( _! orig9 9 ! sph]e ( suff]+1 ( ! h]d1 & ( ! great] numb]--,i se>*$ = ! data ( ?is topsy-turvy =mation ( ideals 9 hi/ory 7! concepts pagan1 classical1 noble1 h be5 discov]$ afre% & br\ght =w>d74 #ajdb4 ,we %\ld demon/rate to :at ext5t ! religion ( ! ,greeks 0 high] ?an ,judo-,*ri/ianity4 ,! latt] triumph$ because ! ,greek religion 0 deg5]ate 7& decad5t74 #ajdc4 ,x is n surpris+ t a c\ple ( c5turies h be5 necess>y 9 ord] to l9k up aga9--a c\ple ( c5turies are v little inde$4 #ajdd4 ,!re mu/ be "s p :o sanctify functions1 n only eat+ & dr9k+1 & n only 9 memory ( !m1 or 9 h>mony ) !m2 b ?is _w mu/ be = ev] glorifi$ anew1 & 9 a novel fa%ion4 #ajde4 ,! mo/ intellectual m5 feel ! ec/asy & *>m ( s5sual ?+s 9 a way :i* o!r m5 --^? ) fle%y he>ts--_c possibly imag9e1 & ought n to be able to imag9e3 !y are s5suali/s ) ! be/ possible fai?1 because !y grant ! s5ses a m fundam5tal value ?an t f9e sieve1 t ?9n+ & m9c+ ma*9e1 or :atev] x is call$1 :i* 9 ! language ( ! p is t]m$ _s ,! /r5g? & p[] ( ! s5ses--?is is ! mo/ ess5tial ?+ 9 a s\nd man :o is "o ( ,nature's lucky /rokes3 ! spl5did bea/ mu/ fir/ be !re--o!rwise :at is ! value ( all humanisation8 #ajdf4 7#a7 ,we want to hold fa/ to our s5ses1 & to ! belief 9 !m--& accept _! logical conclusions6 ,! ho/ility to ! s5ses 9 ! philosophy t has be5 writt5 up to ! pres5t1 has be5 man's greate/ feat ( nons5se4 7#b7 ,! _w n[ extant1 on :i* all e>?ly & liv+ ?+s h s built !mselves1 t x n[ appe>s z x does 7endur+ & proce$+ sl[ly71 we w\ld fa9 cont9ue build+--n criticise x away z false6 7#c7 ,our valuations help 9 ! process ( build+2 !y emphasise & acc5tuate4 ,:at does x mean :5 :ole religions say3 ,ev]y?+ is bad & false & evil8 ,?is condemnation ( ! :ole process c only be ! judgm5t ( ! failures6 7#d7 ,true1 ! failures might be ! greate/ suff]]s & !re=e ! mo/ subtle6 ,! cont5t$ might be wor? little6 7#e7 ,we mu/ und]/& ! fundam5tal arti/ic ph5om5on :i* is call$ ,life1--! =mative _s1 :i* con/ructs "u ! mo/ unfav\rable circum/ances3 & 9 ! sl[e/ mann] possible----,! pro( ( all its comb9ations mu/ fir/ be giv5 afre%3 x ma9ta9s itself4 #ajdg4 ,sexuality1 lu/ ( dom9ion1 ! pleasure d]iv$ f appe>ance & deception1 great & joyful gratitude to ,life & its typical conditions--^! ?+s are ess5tial to all paganism1 & x has a good consci5ce on its side4--,t :i* is ho/ile to ,nature 7already 9 ,greek antiquity7 combats paganism 9 ! =m ( morality & dialectics4 #ajdj4 ,an anti-metaphysical view ( ! _w--yes1 b an arti/ic "o4 #ajdi4 ,apollo's misappreh5sion3 ! et]nity ( beautiful =ms1 ! ari/ocratic prescription1 ,?us %all x ev] be6 ,dionysus4 ,s5suality & cruelty4 ,! p]i%able nature ( exi/5ce might be int]pret$ z ! joy ( procreative & de/ructive =ce1 z unremitt+ creation4 #ajej4 ,! ^w ,dionysian expresses3 a con/ra9t to unity1 a so>+ above p]sonality1 ! common-place1 society1 reality1 & above ! abyss ( ! ephem]al1 ! passionately pa9ful s5sation ( sup]abundance1 9 d>k]1 full]1 & m fluctuat+ conditions2 an ec/atic say+ ( yea to ! collective "* ( exi/5ce1 z t :i* rema9s ! same1 & equally mighty & blissful ?r\gh\t all *ange1 ! great pan!i/ic sympa?y ) pleasure & pa91 :i* decl>es ev5 ! mo/ t]rible & mo/ que/ionable qualities ( exi/5ce good1 & sanctifies !m2 ! et]nal w to procreation1 to fruitfulness1 & to recurr5ce2 ! feel+ ( unity 9 reg>d to ! necessity ( creat+ & annihilat+4 ,! ^w ,apollonian expresses3 ! con/ra9t to be absolutely isolat$1 to ! typical individual1 to ev]y?+ t simplifies1 di/+ui%es1 & makes /rong1 sali5t1 def9ite1 & typical to fre$om )9 ! law4 ,! fur!r developm5t ( art is j z necess>ily b\nd up ) ! antagonism ( ^! two natural art-=ces1 z ! fur!r developm5t ( mank9d is b\nd up ) ! antagonism ( ! sexes4 ,! pl5itude ( p[] & re/ra9t1 ! highe/ =m ( self-affirmation 9 a cool1 noble1 & res]v$ k9d ( beauty3 ! ,apollonianism ( ! ,hell5ic w4 ,?is antagonism ( ! ,dionysian & ( ! ,apollonian 9 ! ,greek s\l1 is "o ( ! great riddles :i* made me feel drawn to ! ess5ce ( ,hell5ism4 ,at bottom1 ,i tr\bl$ ab\t no?+ save ! solution ( ! "q1 :y precisely ,greek ,apollonianism %\ld h be5 =c$ to gr[ out ( a ,dionysian soil3 ! ,dionysian ,greek _h ne$ ( be+ ,apollonian2 t is to say 9 ord] to break 8 w to ! titanic1 to ! complex1 to ! unc]ta91 to ! horrible by a w to measure1 to simplicity1 & to submission to rule & concept4 ,extravagance1 wildness1 & ,asiatic t5d5cies lie at ! root ( ! ,greeks4 ,_! c\rage consi/s 9 _! /ruggle ) _! ,asiatic nature3 !y 7 n giv5 beauty1 any m ?an !y 7 giv5 ,logic & moral6 naturalness3 9 !m ^! ?+s are victories1 !y are will$ & f\ght =--!y con/itute ! triumph ( ! ,greeks4 #ajea4 ,x is cle> t only ! r>e/ & mo/ lucky cases ( humanity c atta9 to ! highe/ & mo/ sublime human joys 9 :i* ,life celebrates its own glorification2 & ?is only happ5s :5 ^! r>e creatures !mselves & _! =be>s h liv$ a long prep>atory life lead+ to ?is goal1 )\t1 h[ev]1 hav+ done s consci\sly4 ,x is !n t an ov]fl[+ weal? ( multif>i\s =ces & ! mo/ agile p[] ( free w & lordly comm& exi/ toge!r 9 p]fect concord 9 "o man2 !n ! intellect is j z mu* at ease1 or at home1 9 ! s5ses z ! s5ses are at ease or at home 9 x2 & ev]y?+ t takes place 9 ! latt] mu/ give rise to extraord9>ily subtle joys 9 ! =m]4 ,& vice v]s3 j ?9k ( ?is vice v]s = a mom5t 9 a man l ,hafiz2 ev5 ,goe!1 ?\gh to a less] degree1 gives "s idea ( ?is process4 ,x is probable t1 9 su* p]fect & well-con/itut$ m51 ! mo/ s5sual functions are f9ally transfigur$ by a symbolic elat$ness ( ! highe/ intellectuality2 9 !mselves !y feel a k9d ( deification ( ! body & are mo/ remote f ! ascetic philosophy ( ! pr9ciple ,god is a ,_s3 f ?is pr9ciple x is cle> t ! ascetic is ! bot*$ man :o decl>es only t to be good & ,god :i* is absolute1 & :i* judges & condemns4 ,f t height ( joy 9 :i* man feels himself completely & utt]ly a deifi$ =m & self-ju/ification ( nature1 d[n to ! joy ( heal?y peasants & heal?y semi-human bea/s1 ! :ole ( ?is long & enorm\s gradation ( ! light & col\r ( happ9ess 0 call$ by ! ,greek--n )\t t grateful quiv]+ ( "o :o is initiat$ into secret1 n )\t mu* caution & pi\s sil5ce--by ! godlike "n3 ,dionysus4 ,:at !n d all mod]n m5--! *ildr5 ( a crumbl+1 multif>i\s1 sick & /range age "k ( ! compass ( ,greek happ9ess1 h[ c\ld !y "k any?+ ab\t x6 ,:5ce w\ld ! slaves ( mod]n ideas d]ive _! "r to ,dionysian fea/s6 ,:5 ! ,greek body & s\l 7 9 full bloom1 & n1 z x 71 9 /ates ( morbid exaltation & madness1 !re arose ! secret symbol ( ! l(tie/ affirmation & transfiguration ( life & ! _w t has ev] exi/$4 ,!re we h a /&>d beside :i* ev]y?+ t has gr[n s9ce mu/ seem too %ort1 too poor1 too n>r[3 if we b pron\nce ! ^w ,dionysus 9 ! pres5ce ( ! be/ ( m rec5t names & ?+s1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,goe!1 = in/ance1 or ,bee?ov51 or ,%akespe>e1 or ,raphael1 9 a trice we realise t our be/ ?+s & mom5ts are condemn$4 ,dionysus is a judge6 ,am ,i und]/ood8 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! ,greeks s\ght to int]pret1 by means ( _! ,dionysian exp]i5ces1 ! f9al my/]ies ( ! de/9y ( ! s\l & ev]y?+ !y knew conc]n+ ! education & ! purification ( man1 & above all conc]n+ ! absolute hi]>*y & inequality ( value betwe5 man & man4 ,!re is ! deepe/ exp]i5ce ( all ,greeks1 :i* !y conceal b5ea? great sil5ce1--we d n "k ! ,greeks s long z ?is hidd5 & sub-t]ranean access to !m rema9s ob/ruct$4 ,! indiscreet eyes ( s*ol>s w nev] p]ceive any?+ 9 ^! ?+s1 h[ev] mu* le>n$ en]gy may /ill h to be exp5d$ 9 ! s]vice ( ?is excavation--2 ev5 ! noble zeal ( su* fri5ds ( antiquity z ,goe! & ,w9ckelmann1 seems to sav\r some:at ( bad =m & ( arrogance1 precisely 9 ?is respect4 ,to wait & to prep>e oneself2 to await ! appe>ance ( new s\rces ( k2 to prep>e oneself 9 solitude = ! sight ( new faces & ! s\nd ( new voices2 to cleanse "o's s\l ev] m & m ( ! du/ & noise1 z ( a c\ntry fair1 :i* is peculi> to ?is age2 to ov]come ev]y?+ ,*ri/ian by some?+ sup]-,*ri/ian1 & n only to rid oneself ( x1--= ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e is ! c\nt]-doctr9e to ! ,dionysian2 to r$iscov] ! ,s\? 9 oneself1 & to /ret* a cle>1 glitt]+1 & my/]i\s s\!rn sky above "o2 to reconqu] ! s\!rn heal?9ess & conceal$ p[] ( ! s\l1 once m = oneself2 to increase ! compass ( "o's s\l /ep by /ep1 & to become m sup]national1 m ,european1 m sup]-,european1 m ,ori5tal1 & f9ally m ,hell5ic--= ,hell5ism 01 z a matt] ( fact1 ! fir/ great union & syn!sis ( ev]y?+ ,ori5tal1 & precisely on t acc\nt1 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,european s\l1 ! discov]y ( our new _w3--he :o lives "u su* imp]atives1 :o kn[s :at he may n enc\nt] "s day8 ,possibly--a new dawn6 #ajeb4 ,! two types2 ,dionysus & ,*ri/ on ! ,cross4 ,we %\ld asc]ta9 :e!r ! typically religi\s man is a decad5t ph5om5on 7! great innovators are "o & all morbid & epileptic72 b d n let u =get to include t type ( ! religi\s man :o is pagan4 ,is ! pagan cult n a =m ( gratitude =1 & affirmation (1 ,life8 ,ought n its mo/ repres5tative type to be an apology & deification ( ,life8 ,! type ( a well-con/itut$ & ec/atically ov]fl[+ _s6 ,! type ( a _s :i* absorbs ! contradictions & problems ( exi/5ce1 & :i* solves !m6 ,at ?is po9t ,i set up ! ,dionysus ( ! ,greeks3 ! religi\s affirmation ( ,life1 ( ! :ole ( ,life1 n ( d5i$ & p>tial ,life 7x is typical t 9 ?is cult ! sexual act awak5s ideas ( dep?1 my/]y1 & rev]5ce74 ,dionysus v]sus ,*ri/2 "h y h ! contra/4 ,x is n a diff]5ce 9 reg>d to ! m>tyrdom1--b ! latt] has a diff]5t mean+4 ,life itself--,life s et]nal fruitfulness & recurr5ce caus$ angui%1 de/ruction1 & ! w to annihilation4 ,9 ! o!r case1 ! suff]+ ( ! ,*ri/ z ! ,innoc5t ,"o /&s z an objection aga9/ ,life1 x is ! =mula ( ,life's condemnation4--,read]s w guess t ! problem conc]ns ! mean+ ( suff]+2 :e!r a ,*ri/ian or a tragic mean+ be giv5 to x4 ,9 ! fir/ case x is ! road to a holy mode ( exi/5ce2 9 ! second case exi/5ce itself is reg>d$ z suffici5tly holy to ju/ify an enorm\s am\nt ( suff]+4 ,! tragic man says yea ev5 to ! mo/ excruciat+ suff]+3 he is suffici5tly /rong1 ri*1 & capable ( deify+1 to be able to d ?is2 ! ,*ri/ian d5ies ev5 ! happy lots on e>?3 he is weak1 poor1 & dis9h]it$ en\gh to suff] f life 9 any =m4 ,god on ! ,cross is a curse ^u ,life1 a signpo/ direct+ p to deliv] !mselves f x2--,dionysus cut into pieces is a promise ( ,life3 x w be = ev] born anew1 & rise afre% f de/ruction4 ,,iii4 ,,et]nal ,,recurr5ce4 #ajec4 ,my philosophy reveals ! triumphant ?\ght ?r\gh :i* all o!r sy/ems ( ?\ght mu/ ultimately p]i%4 ,x is ! great discipl9>y ?\ght3 ^? races t _c be> x are doom$2 ^? :i* reg>d x z ! greate/ bless+ are de/9$ to rule4 #ajed4 ,! greate/ ( all fights3 = ?is purpose a new weapon is requir$4 ,a hamm]3 a t]rible alt]native mu/ be creat$4 ,europe mu/ be br\ght face to face ) ! logic ( facts1 & confront$ ) ! "q :e!r its w = ru9 is really e>ne/4 ,g5]al levell+ d[n to m$iocrity mu/ be avoid$4 ,r ?an ?is x w\ld be pref]able to p]i%4 #ajee4 ,a pessimi/ic attitude ( m9d & a pessimi/ic doctr9e & ec/atic ,nihilism1 may 9 c]ta9 circum/ances ev5 prove indisp5sable to ! philosoph]--t is to say1 z a mighty =m ( pressure1 or hamm]1 ) :i* he c sma% up deg5]ate1 p]i%+ races & put !m out ( exi/5ce2 ) :i* he c beat a track to a new ord] ( life1 or in/il a long+ = non5tity 9 ^? :o are deg5]ate & :o desire to p]i%4 #ajef4 ,i wi% to tea* ! ?\ght :i* gives unto _m ! "r to cancel _! exi/5ces--! great discipl9>y ?\ght4 #ajeg4 ,et]nal ,recurr5ce4 ,a prophecy4 #a4 ,! exposition ( ! doctr9e & its !oretical fir/ pr9ciples & results4 #b4 ,! pro( ( ! doctr9e4 #c4 ,probable results :i* w foll[ f its be+ believ$4 7,x makes ev]y?+ break op547 7a7 ,! means ( endur+ x4 7b7 ,! means ( ignor+ x4 #d4 ,its place 9 hi/ory is a means4 ,! p]iod ( greate/ dang]4 ,! f\ndation ( an olig>*y above peoples & _! int]e/s3 education direct$ at e/abli%+ a political policy = humanity 9 g5]al4 ,a c\nt]p>t ( ,jesuitism4 #ajeh4 ,! two greate/ philosophical po9ts ( view 7bo? discov]$ by ,g]mans74 7a7 ,t ( becom+ & t ( evolution4 7b7 ,t bas$ ^u ! values ( exi/5ce 7b ! wret*$ =m ( ,g]man pessimism mu/ fir/ be ov]come67-- ,bo? po9ts ( view reconcil$ by me 9 a decisive mann]4 ,ev]y?+ becomes & returns = ev]1 escape is impossible6 ,grant$ t we c\ld appraise ! value ( exi/5ce1 :at w\ld be ! result ( x8 ,! ?\ght ( recurr5ce is a pr9ciple ( selection 9 ! s]vice ( p[] 7& b>b>ity674 ,! rip5ess ( man = ?is ?\ght4 #ajei4 #a4 ,! ?\ght ( et]nal recurr5ce3 its fir/ pr9ciples :i* mu/ necess>ily be true if x 7 true4 ,:at its result is4 #b4 ,x is ! mo/ oppressive ?\ght3 its probable results1 provid$ x be n prev5t$1 t is to say1 provid$ all values be n transvalu$4 #c4 ,! means ( endur+ x3 ! transvaluation ( all values4 ,pleasure no long] to be f\nd 9 c]ta9ty1 b 9 unc]ta9ty2 no long] cause & effect1 b cont9ual creativ5ess2 no long] ! w to self-pres]vation1 b to p[]2 no long] ! mode/ expression x is all only subjective1 b x is all our "w6 let u be pr\d ( x4 #ajfj4 ,9 ord] to endure ! ?\ght ( recurr5ce1 fre$om f morality is necess>y2 new means aga9/ ! fact pa9 7pa9 reg>d$ z ! in/rum5t1 z ! fa!r ( pleasure2 !re is no accretive consci\sness ( pa972 pleasure d]iv$ f all k9ds ( unc]ta9ty & t5tativ5ess1 z a c\nt]poise to extreme fatalism2 suppression ( ! concept necessity2 suppression ( ! w2 suppression ( absolute k4 ,greate/ elevation ( man's consci\sness ( /r5g?1 z t :i* creates sup]man4 #ajfa4 ,! two extremes ( ?\ght--! mat]iali/ic & ! platonic--are reconcil$ 9 et]nal recurr5ce3 bo? are reg>d$ z ideals4 #ajfb4 ,if ! univ]se _h a goal1 t goal w\ld h be5 rea*$ by n[4 ,if any sort ( un=ese5 f9al /ate exi/$1 t /ate also w\ld h6 be5 rea*$4 ,if x 7 capable ( any halt+ or /ability ( any be+1 x w\ld only h possess$ ?is capability ( becom+ /able = "o in/ant 9 its developm5t2 & aga9 becom+ w\ld h be5 at an end = ages1 & ) x all ?9k+ & all _s4 ,! fact ( intellects be+ 9 a /ate ( developm5t proves t ! univ]se c h no goal1 no f9al /ate1 & is incapable ( be+4 ,b ! old habit ( ?9k+ ( "s purpose 9 reg>d to all ph5om5a1 & ( ?9k+ ( a direct+ & creat+ deity 9 reg>d to ! univ]se1 is s p[]ful1 t ! ?9k] has to g to great pa9s 9 ord] to avoid ?9k+ ( ! v aimlessness ( ! _w z int5d$4 ,! idea t ! univ]se int5tionally evades a goal1 & ev5 kn[s artificial means :]e) x prev5ts itself f fall+ into a circul> movem5t1 mu/ occur to all ^? :o w\ld fa9 attribute to ! univ]se ! capacity ( et]nally reg5]at+ itself--t is to say1 !y w\ld fa9 impose ^u a f9ite1 def9ite =ce :i* is inv>iable 9 quantity1 l ! univ]se1 ! miracul\s gift ( r5ew+ its =ms & its conditions = all et]nity4 ,al?\gh ! univ]se is no long] a ,god1 x mu/ /ill be capable ( ! div9e p[] ( creat+ & trans=m+2 x mu/ =bid itself to relapse into any "o ( its previ\s =ms2 x mu/ n only h ! int5tion1 b also ! means1 ( avoid+ any sort ( repetition1 e second ( its exi/5ce1 ev51 x mu/ control e s+le "o ( its movem5ts1 ) ! view ( avoid+ goals1 f9al /ates1 & repetitions & all ! o!r results ( su* an unp>donable & insane me?od ( ?\ght & desire4 ,all ?is is no?+ m ?an ! old religi\s mode ( ?\ght & desire1 :i*1 9 spite ( all1 longs to believe t 9 "s way or o!r ! univ]se resembles ! old1 belov$1 inf9ite1 & inf9itely-creative ,god--t 9 "s way or o!r ! old ,god /ill lives--t long+ ( ,sp9oza's :i* is express$ 9 ! words deus sive natura 7:at he really felt 0 natura sive deus74 ,:i*1 !n1 is ! proposition & belief 9 :i* ! decisive *ange1 ! pres5t prepond]ance ( ! sci5tific _s ov] ! religi\s & god-fancy+ _s1 is be/ =mulat$8 ,ought x n to be3 ! univ]se1 z =ce1 mu/ n be ?\ght ( z unlimit$1 because x _c be ?\ght ( 9 ?is way1--we =bid ourselves ! concept inf9ite =ce1 because x is incompatible ) ! idea ( =ce8 ,:5ce x foll[s t ! univ]se lacks ! p[] ( et]nal r5ewal4 #ajfc4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy inevitably involves et]nal recurr5ce4 #ajfd4 ,t a /ate ( equilibrium has nev] be5 rea*$1 proves t x is impossible1 b 9 inf9ite space x mu/ h be5 rea*$4 ,likewise 9 sph]ical space4 ,! =m ( space mu/ be ! cause ( ! et]nal movem5t1 & ultimately ( all imp]fection4 ,t en]gy & /ability & immutability are contradictory4 ,! measure ( en]gy 7dim5sionally7 is fix$ ?\gh x is ess5tially fluid4 ,t :i* is timeless mu/ be refut$1 any giv5 mom5t ( en]gy1 ! absolute conditions = a new di/ribution ( all =ces are pres5t1 x _c rema9 /ation>y4 ,*ange is "p ( its ess5ce1 !re=e "t is z well2 by ?is means1 h[ev]1 ! necessity ( *ange has only be5 e/abli%$ once m 9 !ory4 #ajfe4 ,a c]ta9 emp]or always bore ! fleet+ nature ( all ?+s 9 8 m9d1 9 ord] n to value !m too s]i\sly1 & to be able to live quietly 9 _! mid/4 ,conv]sely1 ev]y?+ seems to me mu* too important = x to be s fleet+1 ,i seek an et]nity = ev]y?+3 ought "o to p\r ! mo/ preci\s salves & w9es into ! sea8 ,my consolation is t ev]y?+ t has be5 is et]nal3 ! sea w wa% x up aga94 #ajff4 ,! new concept ( ! univ]se4 ,! univ]se exi/s2 x is no?+ t gr[s into exi/5ce & t passes out ( exi/5ce4 ,or1 bett] /ill1 x develops1 x passes away1 b x nev] began to develop1 & has nev] ceas$ f pass+ away2 x ma9ta9s itself 9 bo? /ates4 ,x lives on itself1 its excrem5ts are its n\ri%m5t4 ,we ne$ n conc]n ourselves = "o in/ant ) ! hypo!sis ( a creat$ _w4 ,! concept create is to-day utt]ly indef9able & unrealisable2 x is b a ^w :i* hails f sup]/iti\s ages1 no?+ c be expla9$ ) a ^w4 ,! la/ attempt t 0 made to conceive ( a _w t began occurr$ q rec5tly1 9 _m cases ) ! help ( logical reason+1--g5]ally1 too1 z y w guess1 ) an ult]ior !ological motive4 ,sev]al attempts h be5 made lately to %[ t ! concept t ! univ]se has an inf9ite pa/ 7regressus 9 inf9itum7 is contradictory1 x 0 ev5 demon/rat$1 x is true1 at ! price ( conf\nd+ ! head ) ! tail4 ,no?+ c prev5t me f calculat+ backw>ds f ?is mom5t ( "t1 & ( say+3 ,i %all nev] rea* ! end2 j z ,i c calculate )\t end 9 a =w>d direction1 f ! same mom5t4 ,x is only :5 ,i wi% to commit ! error--,i %all be c>eful to avoid x--( reconcil+ ?is correct concept ( a regressus 9 inf9itum ) ! absolutely unrealisable concept ( a f9ite progressus up to ! pres5t2 only :5 ,i consid] ! direction 7=w>ds or backw>ds7 z logically indiff]5t1 t ,i take hold ( ! head--?is v mom5t--& ?9k ,i hold ! tail3 ?is pleasure ,i leave to y1 ,mr4 ,dhr+6444 ,i h come across ?is ?\ght 9 o!r ?9k]s be=e me1 & e "t ,i f\nd t x 0 det]m9$ by o!r ult]ior motives 7*iefly !ological1 9 fav\r ( a creator spiritus74 ,if ! univ]se 7 9 any way able to congeal1 to dry up1 to p]i%2 or if x 7 capable ( atta9+ to a /ate ( equilibrium2 or if x _h any k9d ( goal at all :i* a long lapse ( "t1 immutability1 & f9ality res]v$ = x 79 %ort1 to speak metaphysically1 if becom+ c\ld resolve itself into be+ or into non5tity71 ?is /ate ought already to h be5 rea*$4 ,b x has n be5 rea*$3 x !re=e foll[s4444 ,?is is ! only c]ta9ty we c grasp1 :i* c s]ve z a corrective to a ho/ ( cosmic hypo!ses possible 9 !mselves4 ,if1 = in/ance1 mat]ialism _c consi/5tly escape ! conclusion ( a f9ite /ate1 :i* ,william ,?omson has trac$ out = x1 !n mat]ialism is !reby refut$4 ,if ! univ]se may be conceiv$ z a def9ite quantity ( en]gy1 z a def9ite numb] ( c5tres ( en]gy1--& e o!r concept rema9s indef9ite & !re=e useless1--x foll[s !refrom t ! univ]se mu/ g ?r\gh a calculable numb] ( comb9ations 9 ! great game ( *ance :i* con/itutes its exi/5ce4 ,9 inf9ity1 at "s mom5t or o!r1 e possible comb9ation mu/ once h be5 realis$2 n only ?is1 b x mu/ h be5 realis$ an inf9ite numb] ( times4 ,& inasmu* z betwe5 e "o ( ^! comb9ations & its next recurr5ce e o!r possible comb9ation w\ld necess>ily h be5 und]gone1 & s9ce e "o ( ^! comb9ations w\ld det]m9e ! :ole s]ies 9 ! same ord]1 a circul> movem5t ( absolutely id5tical s]ies is ?us demon/rat$3 ! univ]se is ?us %[n to be a circul> movem5t :i* has already repeat$ itself an inf9ite numb] ( times1 & :i* plays its game = all et]nity4--,?is conception is n simply mat]iali/ic2 = if x 7 ?is1 x w\ld n involve an inf9ite recurr5ce ( id5tical cases1 b a f9ite /ate4 ,ow+ to ! fact t ! univ]se has n rea*$ ?is f9ite /ate1 mat]ialism %[s itself to be b an imp]fect & provisional hypo!sis4 #ajfg4 ,& d ye "k :at ! univ]se is to my m9d8 ,%all ,i %[ x to y 9 my mirror8 ,?is univ]se is a mon/] ( en]gy1 )\t beg9n+ or end2 a fix$ & braz5 quantity o2 en]gy :i* gr[s nei!r bigg] nor small]1 :i* does n consume itself1 b only alt]s its face2 z a :ole its bulk is immutable1 x is a h\sehold )\t ei!r losses or ga9s1 b likewise )\t increase & )\t s\rces ( rev5ue1 surr\nd$ by non5tity z by a fronti]1 x is no?+ vague or wa/eful1 x does n /ret* into inf9ity2 b x is a def9ite quantum ( en]gy locat$ 9 limit$ space1 & n 9 space :i* w\ld be any:]e empty4 ,x is r en]gy ev]y:]e1 ! play ( =ces & =ce-waves1 at ! same "t "o & _m1 agglom]at+ "h & dim9i%+ !re1 a sea ( =ces /orm+ & rag+ 9 itself1 = ev] *ang+1 = ev] roll+ back ov] 9 calculable ages to recurr5ce1 ) an ebb & fl[ ( its =ms1 produc+ ! mo/ complicat$ ?+s out ( ! mo/ simple /ructures2 produc+ ! mo/ ard5t1 mo/ savage1 & mo/ contradictory ?+s out ( ! quiete/1 mo/ rigid1 & mo/ froz5 mat]ial1 & !n return+ f multif>i\sness to uni=mity1 f ! play ( contradictions back into ! delight ( consonance1 say+ yea unto itself1 ev5 9 ?is homog5eity ( its c\rses & ages2 = ev] bless+ itself z some?+ :i* recurs = all et]nity1--a becom+ :i* kn[s n satiety1 or disgu/1 or we>9ess3--?is1 my ,dionysian _w ( et]nal self-creation1 ( et]nal self-de/ruction1 ?is my/]i\s _w ( tw(old voluptu\sness2 ?is1 my ,beyond ,good & ,evil )\t aim1 unless !re is an aim 9 ! bliss ( ! circle1 )\t w1 unless a r+ mu/ by nature keep goodwill to itself1--w\ld y h a "n = my _w8 ,a solution ( all y\r riddles8 ,d ye also want a light1 ye mo/ conceal$1 /ronge/ & mo/ undaunt$ m5 ( ! blacke/ midnight8--,?is _w is ! ,w to ,p[]--& no?+ else6 ,& ev5 ye y\rselves are ?is w to p[]--& no?+ besides6