,,! ,,w ,,to ,,p[] ,,an ,,attempt$ ,,transvaluation ,,( ,,all ,,values ,,by ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,translat$ ,,by ,,an?ony ,m4 ,,ludovici ,,vol4 ,i ,,books ,i ,,& ,,ii ,! ,complete ,works ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e ,! ,fir/ ,complete & ,au?oris$ ,engli% ,translation ,edit$ by ,dr ,osc> ,levy ,volume ,f\rte5 ,t4,n4 ,,f\lis #ac #ae ,,fr$]ick ,,/reet ,,ed9burgh3 ,,& ,,london #aiad ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,preface #a ,,fir/ ,,book4 ,,european ,,nihilism4 ,a ,,plan ,i4 ,,nihilism-- #a4 ,nihilism z an ,outcome ( ! ,valuations & ,int]pretations ( ,exi/5ce :i* h prevail$ hi!rto #b4 ,fur!r ,causes ( ,nihilism #c4 ,! ,nihili/ic ,movem5t z an ,expression ( ,decad5ce #d4 ,! ,crisis3 ,nihilism & ! ,idea ( ,recurr5ce ,,ii4 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,european ,,nihilism-- 7a7 ,mod]n ,gloom9ess 7b7 ,! ,la/ ,c5turies 7c7 ,signs ( ,increas+ ,/r5g? ,,second ,,book4 ,a ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,highe/ ,,values ,,t ,,h ,,prevail$ ,,hi!rto4 ,i4 ,,criticism ,,( ,,religion-- #a4 ,conc]n+ ! ,orig9 ( ,religions #b4 ,conc]n+ ! ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity #c4 ,*ri/ian ,ideals ,,ii4 ,a ,,criticism ,,( ,,morality-- #a4 ,! ,orig9 ( ,moral ,valuations #b4 ,! ,h]d #c4 ,g5]al ,obs]vations conc]n+ ,morality #d4 ,h[ ,virtue is made to ,dom9ate #e4 ,! ,moral ,ideal-- ,a4 ,a ,criticism ( ,ideals ,b4 ,a ,criticism ( ! ,good ,man1 ( ! ,sa9t1 etc4 ,c4 ,conc]n+ ! ,sl&] ( ! s-call$ ,evil ,qualities ,d4 ,a ,criticism ( ! ,words3 ,improv+1 ,p]fect+1 ,elevat+ #f4 ,conclud+ ,rem>ks conc]n+ ! ,criticism ( ,morality ,,iii4 ,,criticism ,,( ,,philosophy-- #a4 ,g5]al ,rem>ks #b4 ,a ,criticism ( ,greek ,philosophy #c4 ,! ,tru?s & ,errors ( ,philosoph]s #d4 ,conclud+ ,rem>ks 9 ! ,criticism ( ,philosophy ,,translator',s ,,preface4 ,9 ! volume be=e u we h ! fir/ two books ( :at 0 to be ,nietzs*e's greate/ !oretical & philosophical prose "w4 ,! reception giv5 to ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra _h be5 s unsatisfactory1 & misund]/&+s relative to its tea*+ _h become s g5]al1 t1 )9 a ye> ( ! publication ( ! fir/ "p ( t fam\s philosophical poem1 ,nietzs*e 0 already beg9n+ to see ! necessity ( br++ 8 doctr9es be=e ! public 9 a m def9ite & unmi/akable =m4 ,dur+ ! ye>s t foll[$--t is to say1 betwe5 #ahhc & #ahhf--?is plan 0 matur$1 & al?\gh we h no w>rant1 save 8 si/]'s own ^w & ! int]nal evid5ce at our disposal1 = class+ ,beyond ,good & ,evil 7publi%$ #ahhf7 among ! contributions to ,nietzs*e's gr& & f9al philosophical s*eme1 ,! ,w to ,p[]1 x is n[ impossible to sep>ate x entirely f 8 *ief "w z we w\ld naturally sep>ate ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 ! ,?\ghts out ( ,season1 ! volumes entitl$ ,human1 all-too-,human1 ,! ,dawn ( ,day1 & ,joyful ,wisdom4 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 !n1 toge!r ) its sequel1 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals1 & ! two little volumes1 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols & ! ,anti*ri/ 7publi%$ 9 #ahhi & #ahid respectively71 mu/ be reg>d$ z =m+ "p ( ! g5]al plan ( :i* ,! ,w to ,p[] 0 to be ! opus magnum4 ,un=tunately1 ,! ,w to ,p[] 0 nev] complet$ by its au?or4 ,! text f :i* ?is translation 0 made is a po/hum\s publication1 & x suff]s f all ! disadvantages t a book mu/ suff] f :i* has be5 arrang$ & ord]$ by fo/] h&s4 ,:5 ^? :o 7 responsible = its publication und]took ! task ( prep>+ x = ! press1 x 0 v little m ?an a va/ collection ( notes & r\gh drafts1 set d[n by ,nietzs*e f "t to "t1 z ! mat]ial = 8 *ief "w2 &1 z any lib]ty tak5 ) ! orig9al manuscript1 save t ( putt+ x 9 ord]1 w\ld probably h result$ 9 add+ or exclud+ :at ! au?or w\ld on no acc\nt h add$ or exclud$ himself1 x foll[s t 9 "s few cases ! p>agraphs are no m ?an ha/y memor&a ( pass+ ?\ghts1 :i* ,nietzs*e mu/ h _h ! int5tion ( elaborat+ at "s future "t4 ,9 ^! cases ! translation foll[s ! ,g]man z closely z possible1 & ! free use ev5 ( a conjunction has 9 c]ta9 cases be5 avoid$1 = fe> le/ ! mean+ might be 9 ! slighte/ degree modifi$4 ,x 7 well1 !re=e1 if ! read] c\ld be> ^! facts 9 m9d :5ev] he is /ruck by a c]ta9 clums9ess1 ei!r ( expression or disposition1 9 ! c\rse ( read+ ?is translation4 ,x may be said t1 f ! day :5 ,nietzs*e fir/ recognis$ ! necessity ( mak+ a m unequivocal appeal to 8 public ?an ! ,z>a?u/ra _h be51 t is to say1 f ! spr+ ( #ahhc1 8 "w 9 respect ( ,! ,w to ,p[] suff]$ no int]ruption :atsoev]1 & t x 0 8 *ief preoccupation f t p]iod until 8 breakd[n 9 #ahhi4 ,t ?is span ( six ye>s 0 none too long = ! task he _h und]tak51 w be ga!r$ f ! fact t1 9 ! great "w he _h plann$1 he actually set out to %[ t ! life-pr9ciple1 ,w to ,p[]1 0 ! prime motor ( all liv+ organisms4 ,to d ?is he appeals bo? to ! animal _w & to human society1 ) its subdivisions1 religion1 art1 morality1 politics1 etc4 etc41 & 9 ea* ( ^! he seeks to demon/rate ! activity ( ! pr9ciple :i* he held to be ! ess5tial factor ( all exi/5ce4 ,frau ,fo]/]-,nietzs*e tells u t ! notion t ,! ,w to ,p[] 0 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( all life1 fir/ occurr$ to h] bro!r 9 ! ye> #ahgj1 at ! seat ( w>1 :ile he 0 s]v+ z a volunte] 9 a ,g]man army ambulance4 ,on "o occasion1 at ! close ( a v heavy day ) ! w\nd$1 he happ5$ to ent] a small t[n :i* lay on "o ( ! *ief milit>y roads4 ,he 0 w&]+ ?r\gh x 9 a leisurely fa%ion :51 sudd5ly1 z he turn$ ! corn] ( a /reet t 0 protect$ on ei!r side by l(ty /one walls1 he he>d a ro>+ noise1 z ( ?und]1 :i* seem$ to come f ! imm$iate neighb\rhood4 ,he hurri$ =w>d a /ep or two1 & :at %\ld he see1 b a magnific5t cavalry regim5t--glori\sly expressive ( ! c\rage & exub]ant /r5g? ( a p--ride pa/ him l a lum9\s /ormcl\d4 ,! ?und]+ d9 wax$ l\d] & l\d]1 & lo & behold6 8 own belov$ regim5t ( field artill]y da%$ =w>d at full spe$1 out ( ! mi/ ( motes1 & sp$ we/w>d amid an upro> ( clatt]+ *a9s & gallop+ /e$s4 ,a m9ute or two elaps$1 & !n a column ( infantry appe>$1 advanc+ at ! d\ble--! m5's eyes 7 aflame1 _! feet /ruck ! h>d road l mighty hamm]-/rokes1 & _! acc\trem5ts gli/5$ ?r\gh ! haze4 ,:ile ?is procession pass$ be=e him1 on its way to w> & p]haps to dea?1--s wond]ful 9 its vital /r5g? & =midable c\rage1 & s p]fectly symbolic ( a race t w conqu] & prevail1 or p]i% 9 ! attempt1--,nietzs*e 0 /ruck ) ! ?\ght t ! highe/ w to live c\ld n f9d its expression 9 a mis]able /ruggle = exi/5ce1 b 9 a w to w>1 a ,w to ,p[]1 a w to ov]p[]6 ,?is is said to be ! hi/ory ( 8 fir/ conception ( t pr9ciple :i* is at ! root ( all 8 philosophy1 & twelve ye>s lat]1 9 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 we f9d him exp\nd+ x ?us3-- ,:]ev] ,i f\nd a liv+ ?+1 !re f\nd ,i ,w to ,p[]2 & ev5 9 ! w ( ! s]vant f\nd ,i ! w to be ma/]4 ,only :]e !re is life1 is !re also w3 n1 h[ev]1 ,w to ,life1 b--s tea* ,i !e--,w to ,p[]6 ,mu* is reckon$ high] ?an life itself by ! liv+ "o2 b out ( ! v reckon+ speake?--! ,w to ,p[]6 ,& ?ree ye>s lat] /ill1 9 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 we read ! foll[+ passage3-- ,psy*ologi/s %\ld be?9k !mselves be=e putt+ d[n ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation z ! c>d9al in/9ct ( an organic be+4 ,a liv+ ?+ seeks above all to dis*>ge its /r5g?--life itself is ,w to ,p[]2 self-pres]vation is only "o ( ! indirect & mo/ frequ5t results !re(4 ,b 9 ?is volume1 & ! "o t is to foll[1 we %all f9d ,nietzs*e m mature1 m sob]1 & p]haps m pr(\nd ?an 9 ! works above m5tion$4 ,all ! loves & hates by :i* we "k him1 we %all come across aga9 9 ?is "w2 b "h he seems to /& m above !m ?an he _h done h]et(ore2 hav+ once enunciat$ 8 ideals vehem5tly & emphatically1 he n[ discusses !m ) a c]ta9 grim hum\r1 ) m ?or\ghness & detail1 & he gives ev5 8 enemies a quiet & respectful he>+4 ,8 tol]ant attitude to ,*ri/ianity on pages #h-i1 #ajg1 #cbc1 = in/ance1 is a case 9 po9t1 & 8 def9ite description ( :at we are to und]/& by 8 pity 7p4 #bic7 leaves u 9 no d\bt z to ! calm det]m9ation ( ?is "w4 ,book ,"o w n seem s well arrang$ or s well work$ out z ,book ,two2 ! =m] be+ m sket*y & m speculative ?an ! latt]4 ,be ?is z x may1 x conta9s deeply int]e/+ ?+s1 inasmu* z x attempts to trace ! elem5ts ( ,nihilism--z ! outcome ( ,*ri/ian values--9 all ! in/itutions ( ! pres5t day4 ,9 ! ,second ,book ,h]b]t ,sp5c] comes 9 = a numb] ( tell+ bl[s1 & n ! lea/ ( ^! is to be f\nd on page #bcg1 :]e1 al?\gh 8 "n is n m5tion$1 x is obvi\sly impli$4 ,"h ,nietzs*e def9itely disclaims all ideas ( an individuali/ic morality1 & c>efully /ates t 8 philosophy aims at a new ord] ( rank4 ,x w seem to "s t morality is dealt ) some:at cavali]ly ?r\gh\t ! two books2 b1 9 ?is respect1 x %\ld n be =gott5 t ,nietzs*e n only made a firm /& 9 fav\r ( exceptional m51 b t he also believ$ t any morality is no?+ m ?an a m]e sy/em ( valuations :i* are det]m9$ by ! conditions 9 :i* a giv5 species lives4 ,h5ce 8 words on page #ajg3 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1--c]ta9ly2 b we insi/ ^u ! unconditional & /rict pres]vation ( h]d-morality2 & on page #cbc3 ,suppose ! /rong 7 ma/]s 9 all respects1 ev5 9 valu+3 let u try & ?9k :at _! attitude w\ld be t[>ds illness1 suff]+1 & sacrifice6 ,self-contempt on ! "p ( ! weak w\ld be ! result3 !y w\ld d _! utmo/ to disappe> & to extirpate _! k9d4 ,& w\ld ?is be desirable8--%\ld we really l a _w 9 :i* ! subtlety1 ! consid]ation1 ! intellectuality1 ! pla/icity--9 fact1 ! :ole influ5ce ( ! weak--0 lack+8 ,x is obvi\s f ?is passage t ,nietzs*e only object$ to ! influ5ce ( h]d-morality outside ! h]d--t is to say1 among exceptional & high] m5 :o may be wreck$ by x4 ,:]eas mo/ o!r philosoph]s be=e him _h be5 ! ,altrui/ ( ! l[] /rata ( humanity1 ,nietzs*e may aptly be call$ ! ,altrui/ ( ! exceptions1 ( ! p>ticul> lucky cases among m54 ,= su* v>ieties1 he ?\ght1 ! morality ( ,*ri/ianity _h done all x c\ld d1 & ?\gh he 9 no way wi%$ to und]rate ! value x _h sometimes be5 to !m 9 ! pa/1 he saw t at pres5t1 9 any case1 x might prove a great dang]4 ,) ,goe!1 !re=e1 he believ$ t ,hypo!ses are only ! pieces ( scaffold+ :i* are erect$ r\nd a build+ dur+ ! c\rse ( its con/ruction1 & :i* are tak5 away z soon z ! edifice is complet$4 ,to ! workman1 !y are indisp5sable2 b he mu/ be c>eful n to conf\nd ! scaffold+ ) ! build+4#a ,x is deeply to be deplor$ t ,nietzs*e 0 nev] able to complete 8 life-"w4 ,! fragm5ts ( x collect$ 9 volumes i4 & ii4 ( ,! ,w to ,p[] are suffici5tly rem>kable to convey "s idea ( :at ! :ole "w w\ld h be5 if only its au?or _h be5 able to arrange & complete x accord+ to 8 orig9al design4 ,x is to be hop$ t we are too s5sible n[adays to all[ our s5sibilities to be %ock$ by s]i\s & well-m$itat$ criticism1 ev5 ( ! mo/ *]i%$ among our in/itutions1 & an hone/ & s9c]e re=m] ought no long] to f9d u prejudic$--to ! ext5t ( deafness--aga9/ him1 m p>ticul>ly :5 he comes =w>d ) a gospel--,! ,w to ,p[]--:i* is1 above all1 a te/ ( our p[] to w4 ,,an?ony ,m4 ,,ludovici4 ,footnote #a3 ,naturwiss5s*aft im ,allgeme95 7,weim> ,edition1 i4 ,,ii1 p4 #acb74 ,,preface4 #a4 ,conc]n+ great ?+s "o %\ld ei!r be sil5t or "o %\ld speak l(tily3--l(tily--t is to say1 cynically & innoc5tly4 #b4 ,:at ,i am n[ go+ to relate is ! hi/ory ( ! next two c5turies4 ,i %all describe :at w happ51 :at mu/ necess>ily happ53 ! triumph ( ,nihilism4 ,?is hi/ory c be writt5 already2 = necessity itself is at "w 9 br++ x ab\t4 ,?is future is already proclaim$ by a hundr$ diff]5t om5s2 z a de/9y x ann\nces its adv5t ev]y:]e1 = ?is music ( to-morr[ all e>s are already prick$4 ,! :ole ( our culture 9 ,europe has long be5 wri?+ 9 an agony ( susp5se :i* increases f decade to decade z if 9 expectation ( a cata/rophe3 re/less1 viol5t1 helt]-skelt]1 l a torr5t t w rea* its b\rne1 & refuses to reflect--yea1 t ev5 dreads reflection4 #c4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! pres5t writ] has done little else1 hi!rto1 ?an reflect & m$itate1 l an in/9ctive philosoph] & an*orite1 :o f\nd 8 advantage 9 isolation--9 rema9+ outside1 9 pati5ce1 procra/9ation1 & lagg+ beh9d2 l a weigh+ & te/+ _s :o has already lo/ 8 way 9 e labyr9? ( ! future2 l a prophetic bird-_s t looks backw>ds :5 x w\ld ann\nce :at is to come2 l ! fir/ p]fect ,european ,nihili/1 :o1 h[ev]1 has already outliv$ ,nihilism 9 8 own s\l--:o has out-gr[n1 ov]come1 & dismiss$ x4 #d4 ,= ! read] mu/ n misund]/& ! mean+ ( ! title :i* has be5 giv5 to ?is ,evangel ( ! ,future4 ,! ,w to ,p[]3 ,an ,attempt$ ,transvaluation ( all ,values--) ?is =mula a c\nt]-movem5t f9ds expression1 9 reg>d to bo? a pr9ciple & a mission2 a movem5t :i* 9 "s remote future w sup]s$e ?is p]fect ,nihilism2 b :i* nev]!less reg>ds x z a necess>y /ep1 bo? logically & psy*ologically1 t[>ds its own adv5t1 & :i* positively _c come1 except on top ( & out ( x4 ,=1 :y is ! triumph ( ,nihilism inevitable n[8 ,because ! v values curr5t among/ u to-day w arrive at _! logical conclusion 9 ,nihilism1--because ,nihilism is ! only possible outcome ( our greate/ values & ideals1--because we mu/ fir/ exp]i5ce ,nihilism be=e we c realise :at ! actual wor? ( ^! values 04444 ,soon] or lat] we %all be 9 ne$ ( new values4 ,,fir/ ,,book4 ,,european ,,nihilism4 ,i4 ,a ,,plan4 #a4 ,nihilism is at our door3 :5ce comes ?is mo/ gruesome ( all gue/s to u8--,to beg9 )1 x is a mi/ake to po9t to social evils1 physiological deg5]ation1 or ev5 to corruption z a cause ( ,nihilism4 ,?is is ! mo/ /raight=w>d & mo/ sympa!tic age t ev] 04 ,evil1 :e!r spiritual1 physical1 or intellectual1 is1 9 itself1 q unable to introduce ,nihilism1 i4e41 ! absolute repudiation ( wor?1 purpose1 desirability4 ,^! evils all[ ( yet o!r & q diff]5t explanations4 ,b !re is "o v def9ite explanation ( ! ph5om5a3 ,nihilism h>b\rs 9 ! he>t ( ,*ri/ian morals4 #b4 ,! d[nfall ( ,*ri/ianity1--?r\gh its morality 7:i* is insup]able71 :i* f9ally turns aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian ,god ,himself 7! s5se ( tru?1 highly develop$ ?r\gh ,*ri/ianity1 ultimately revolts aga9/ ! falsehood & fictiti\sness ( all ,*ri/ian int]pretations ( ! _w & its hi/ory4 ,! recoil-/roke ( ,god is ,tru? 9 ! fanatical ,belief1 is3 ,all is false4 ,buddhism ( action444474 #c4 ,d\bt 9 morality is ! decisive factor4 ,! d[nfall ( ! moral int]pretation ( ! univ]se1 :i* loses its raison d'tre once x has tri$ to take flight to a ,beyond1 meets its end 9 ,nihilism4 ,no?+ has any purpose 7! inconsi/5cy ( "o explanation ( ! _w1 to :i* m5 h devot$ untold en]gy1--gives rise to ! suspicion t all explanations may p]haps be false74 ,! ,buddhi/ic feature3 a ye>n+ = non5tity 7,indian ,buddhism has no fundam5tally moral developm5t at ! back ( x2 t is :y ,nihilism 9 its case means only morality n ov]come2 exi/5ce is reg>d$ z a puni%m5t & conceiv$ z an error2 error is ?us held to be puni%m5t--a moral valuation74 ,philosophical attempts to ov]come ! moral ,god 7,hegel1 ,pan!ism74 ,! vanqui%+ ( popul> ideals3 ! wiz>d1 ! sa9t1 ! b>d4 ,antagonism ( true & beautiful & good4 #d4 ,aga9/ purposelessness on ! "o h&1 aga9/ moral valuations on ! o!r3 h[ f> has all sci5ce & philosophy be5 cultivat$ h]et(ore "u ! influ5ce ( moral judgm5ts8 ,& h we n got ! additional factor--! enmity ( sci5ce1 into ! b>ga98 ,or ! prejudice aga9/ sci5ce8 ,criticism ( ,sp9oza4 ,*ri/ian valuations ev]y:]e pres5t z remnants 9 sociali/ic & positivi/ic sy/ems4 ,a criticism ( ,*ri/ian morality is altoge!r lack+4 #e4 ,! ,nihili/ic consequ5ces ( pres5t natural sci5ce 7along ) its attempts to escape into a ,beyond74 ,out ( its practice !re f9ally arises a c]ta9 self-annihilation1 an antagoni/ic attitude t[>ds itself--a sort ( anti-sci5tificality4 ,s9ce ,cop]nicus man has be5 roll+ away f ! c5tre t[>ds x4 #f4 ,! ,nihili/ic consequ5ces ( ! political & politico-economical way ( ?9k+1 :]e all pr9ciples at l5g? become ta9t$ ) ! atmosph]e ( ! plat=m3 ! brea? ( m$iocrity1 insignificance1 di%one/y1 etc4 ,nationalism4 ,an>*y1 etc4 ,puni%m5t4 ,ev]y:]e ! deliv]] is miss+1 ei!r z a class or z a s+le man--! ju/ifi]4 #g4 ,nihili/ic consequ5ces ( hi/ory & ( ! practical hi/orian1 i4e41 ! romantici/4 ,! attitude ( art is q unorig9al 9 mod]n life4 ,its gloom9ess4 ,goe!'s s-call$ ,olympian ,/ate4 #h4 ,art & ! prep>ation ( ,nihilism4 ,romanticism 7! conclusion ( ,wagn]'s ,r+ ( ! ,nibelung74 ,,nihilism4 #a4 ,,nihilism ,,z ,,an ,,outcome ,,( ,,! ,,valuations ,,& ,,int]pretations ,,( ,,exi/5ce ,,:i* ,,h ,,prevail$ ,,h]et(ore4 #b4 ,:at does ,nihilism mean8--,t ! highe/ values are los+ _! value4 ,!re is no b\rne4 ,!re is no answ] to ! "q3 to :at purpose8 #c4 ,?or\gh ,nihilism is ! conviction t life is absurd1 9 ! light ( ! highe/ values already discov]$2 x also includes ! view t we h n ! smalle/ "r to assume ! exi/5ce ( transc5d5tal objects or ?+s 9 !mselves1 :i* w\ld be ei!r div9e or morality inc>nate4 ,?is view is a result ( fully develop$ tru?fulness3 !re=e a consequ5ce ( ! belief 9 morality4 #d4 ,:at advantages did ! ,*ri/ian hypo!sis ( morality (f]8 7#a7 ,x be/[$ an intr9sic value ^u m51 :i* contra/$ ) _! app>5t insignificance & subord9ation to *ance 9 ! et]nal flux ( becom+ & p]i%+4 7#b7 ,x s]v$ ! purpose ( ,god's advocates1 inasmu* z x grant$ ! _w a c]ta9 p]fection despite its sorr[ & evil--x also grant$ ! _w t prov]bial fre$om3 evil seem$ full ( mean+4 7#c7 ,x assum$ t man c\ld h a k ( absolute values1 & ?us grant$ him adequate p]ception = ! mo/ important ?+s4 7#d7 ,x prev5t$ man f despis+ himself z man1 f turn+ aga9/ life1 & f be+ driv5 to despair by k3 x 0 a self-pres]vative measure4 ,9 %ort3 ,morality 0 ! great antidote aga9/ practical & !oretical ,nihilism4 #e4 ,b among ! =ces re>$ by morality1 !re 0 tru?fulness3 ?is 9 ! end turns aga9/ morality1 exposes ! teleology ( ! latt]1 its int]e/$ness1 & n[ ! recognition ( ?is lie s long incorporat$1 f :i* we despair$ ( ev] free+ ourselves1 acts j l a /imulus4 ,we p]ceive c]ta9 ne$s 9 ourselves1 implant$ dur+ ! long dyna/y ( ! moral int]pretation ( life1 :i* n[ seem to u to be ne$s ( untru?3 on ! o!r h&1 ^? v ne$s repres5t ! highe/ values ow+ to :i* we are able to endure life4 ,we h ceas$ f atta*+ any wor? to :at we "k1 & we d>e n atta* any m wor? to t ) :i* we w\ld fa9 deceive ourselves--f ?is antagonism !re results a process ( dissolution4 #f4 ,?is is ! ant9omy3 ,9 s f> z we believe 9 morality1 we condemn exi/5ce4 #g4 ,! highe/ values 9 ! s]vice ( :i* man ought to live1 m p>ticul>ly :5 !y oppress$ & con/ra9$ him mo/--^! social values1 ow+ to _! tone-/r5g!n+ t5d5cies1 7 built ov] m5's heads z ?\gh !y 7 ! w ( ,god or reality1 or ! actual _w1 or ev5 a hope ( a _w to come4 ,n[ t ! l[ly orig9 ( ^! values has become kn[n1 ! :ole univ]se seems to h be5 transvalu$ & to h lo/ its significance--b ?is is only an int]m$iate /age4 #h4 ,! consequ5ce ( ,nihilism 7disbelief 9 all values7 z a result ( a moral valuation3--,we h gr[n to dislike egotism 7ev5 ?\gh we h realis$ ! impossibility ( altruism72--we h gr[n to dislike :at is mo/ necess>y 7al?\gh we h recognis$ ! impossibility ( a lib]um arbitrium & ( an intelligible fre$om#a74 ,we p]ceive t we d n rea* ! sph]es 9 :i* we h set our values--at ! same "t ^? o!r sph]es 9 :i* we live h n !reby ga9$ "o iota 9 value4 ,on ! contr>y1 we are tir$1 because we h lo/ ! ma9 inc5tive to live4 ,all 9 va9 hi!rto6 #i4 ,pessimism z a prep>atory /ate to ,nihilism4 #aj4 ,a4 ,pessimism view$ z /r5g?--9 :at respect8 ,9 ! en]gy ( its logic1 z an>*y1 ,nihilism1 & analysis4 ,b4 ,pessimism reg>d$ z collapse--9 :at s5se8 ,9 ! s5se ( its be+ a s(t5+ influ5ce1 a sort ( cosmopolitan bef+]+1 a t\t compr5dre1 & hi/orical _s4 ,critical t5sion3 extremes make _! appe>ance & become dom9ant4 #aa4 ,! logic ( ,pessimism leads f9ally to ,nihilism3 :at is ! =ce at "w8--,! notion t !re are no values1 & no purpose3 ! recognition ( ! "p t moral valuations h play$ 9 all o!r l(ty values4 ,result3 moral valuations are condemnations1 negations2 morality is ! abdication ( ! w to live4444 ,footnote #a3 ,?is is a ,kantian t]m4 ,kant recognis$ two k9ds ( ,fre$om--! practical & ! transc5d5tal k9d4 ,! fir/ belongs to ! ph5om5al1 ! second to ! intelligible _w4--,,translator',s ,,note4 #ab4 ,,! ,,collapse ,,( ,,cosmopolitan ,,values4 ,a4 ,nihilism w h to manife/ itself z a psy*ological condition1 fir/ :5 we h s\ght 9 all t has happ5$ a purpose :i* is n !re3 s t ! seek] w ultimately lose c\rage4 ,nihilism is !re=e ! com+ into consci\sness ( ! long wa/e ( /r5g?1 ! pa9 ( futility1 unc]ta9ty1 ! lack ( an opportunity to recov] 9 "s way1 or to atta9 to a /ate ( peace conc]n+ any?+--%ame 9 "o's own pres5ce1 z if "o _h *eat$ oneself too long4444 ,! purpose above-m5tion$ might h be5 a*iev$3 9 ! =m ( a realisation ( a mo/ high canon ( morality 9 all worldly ph5om5a1 ! moral ord] ( ! univ]se2 or 9 ! =m ( ! increase ( love & h>mony 9 ! traffic ( humanity2 or 9 ! ne>] approa* to a g5]al condition ( happ9ess2 or ev5 9 ! m>* t[>ds g5]al non5tity--any sort ( goal always con/itutes a purpose4 ,! common factor to all ^! appe>ances is t some?+ w be atta9$1 ?r\gh ! process itself3 & n[ we p]ceive t ,becom+ has be5 aim+ at no?+1 & has a*iev$ no?+4 ,h5ce ! disillusionm5t 9 reg>d to a s-call$ purpose 9 exi/5ce1 z a cause ( ,nihilism2 :e!r ?is be 9 respect ( a v def9ite purpose1 or g5]alis$ into ! recognition t all ! hypo!ses are false :i* h hi!rto be5 (f]$ z to ! object ( life1 & :i* relate to ! :ole ( ,evolution 7man no long] an assi/ant 91 let alone ! culm9ation (1 ! evolution>y process74 ,nihilism w manife/ itself z a psy*ological condition1 9 ! second place1 :5 man has fix$ a totality1 a sy/ematisation1 ev5 an organisation 9 & beh9d all ph5om5a1 s t ! s\l ?ir/+ = respect & admiration w wall[ 9 ! g5]al idea ( a highe/ rul+ & adm9i/rative p[] 7if x be ! s\l ( a logician1 ! sequ5ce ( consequ5ces & p]fect reason+ w suffice to conciliate ev]y?+74 ,a k9d ( unity1 "s =m ( monism3' & z a result ( ?is belief man becomes obsess$ by a feel+ ( pr(\nd relativity & dep5d5ce 9 ! pres5ce ( an ,all :i* is inf9itely sup]ior to him1 a sort ( div9ity4 ,! g5]al good exacts ! surr5d] ( ! individual 444 b lo1 !re is no su* g5]al good6 ,at bottom1 man loses ! belief 9 8 own wor? :5 no inf9itely preci\s entity manife/s itself ?r\gh him--t is to say1 he conceiv$ su* an ,all1 9 ord] to be able to believe 9 8 own wor?4 ,nihilism1 z a psy*ological condition1 has yet a ?ird & la/ =m4 ,admitt+ ^! two po9ts ( view3 t no purpose c be assign$ to ,becom+1 & t no great entity rules beh9d all ,becom+1 9 :i* ! individual may completely lose himself z 9 an elem5t ( sup]ior value2 !re /ill rema9s ! subt]fuge :i* w\ld consi/ 9 condemn+ ?is :ole _w ( ,becom+ z an illusion1 & 9 discov]+ a _w :i* w\ld lie beyond x1 & w\ld be a real _w4 ,! mom5t1 h[ev]1 t man p]ceives t ?is _w has be5 devis$ only = ! purpose ( meet+ c]ta9 psy*ological ne$s1 & t he has no "r :atsoev] to x1 ! f9al =m ( ,nihilism comes into be+1 :i* comprises a d5ial ( a metaphysical _w1 & :i* =bids itself all belief 9 a real _w4 ,f ?is /&po9t1 ! reality ( ,becom+ is ! only reality t is admitt$3 all bypa?s to back-worlds & false godheads are ab&on$--b ?is _w is no long] endur$1 al?\gh no "o wi%es to dis[n x4 ,:at has actually happ5$8 ,! feel+ ( wor?lessness 0 realis$ :5 x 0 und]/ood t nei!r ! notion ( ,purpose nor t ( ,unity nor t ( ,tru? c\ld be made to int]pret ! g5]al "* ( exi/5ce4 ,no?+ is a*iev$ or obta9$ !reby2 ! unity :i* int]v5es 9 ! multiplicity ( ev5ts is entirely lack+3 ! "* ( exi/5ce is n true1 x is false2 !re is c]ta9ly no long] any reason to believe 9 a real _w4 ,9 %ort1 ! categories1 ,purpose1 ,unity1 ,be+1 by means ( :i* we _h l5t "s wor? to life1 we h once m divorc$ f x--& ! _w n[ appe>s wor?less to u4444 ,b4 ,admitt+ t we h recognis$ ! impossibility ( int]pret+ _w by means ( ^! ?ree categories1 & t f ?is /&po9t ! _w beg9s to be wor?less to u2 we mu/ ask ourselves :5ce we d]iv$ our belief 9 ^! ?ree categories4 ,let u see if x is possible to refuse to believe 9 !m4 ,if we c deprive !m ( _! value1 ! pro( t !y _c be appli$ to ! _w1 is no long] a suffici5t reason = depriv+ t _w ( its value4 ,result3 ,! belief 9 ! categories ( reason#b is ! cause ( ,nihilism--we h measur$ ! wor? ( ! _w accord+ to categories :i* c only be appli$ to a purely fictiti\s _w4 ,conclusion3 ,all values ) :i* we h tri$1 hi!rto1 to l5d ! _w "s wor?1 f our po9t ( view1 & ) :i* we h !re=e depriv$ x ( all wor? 7once ^! values h be5 %[n to be inapplicable7--all ^! values1 are1 psy*ologically1 ! results ( c]ta9 views ( utility1 e/abli%$ = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ & increas+ ! dom9ion ( c]ta9 communities3 b falsely project$ into ! nature ( ?+s4 ,x is always man's exagg]at$ +5u\sness to reg>d himself z ! s5se & measure ( all ?+s4 ,footnote #b3 ,?is probably ref]s to ,kant's celebrat$ table ( twelve categories4 ,! f\r classes1 quantity1 quality1 relation1 & modality1 are ea* provid$ ) ?ree categories4--,,translator',s ,,note4 #ac4 ,nihilism repres5ts an int]m$i>y pa?ological condition 7! va/ g5]alisation1 ! conclusion t !re is no purpose 9 any?+1 is pa?ological73 :e!r x be t ! productive =ces are n yet /rong en\gh--or t decad5ce /ill hesitates & has n yet discov]$ its exp$i5ts4 ,! conditions ( ?is hypo!sis3--,t !re is no tru?2 t !re is no absolute /ate ( affairs--no ?+-9-itself4 ,?is alone is ,nihilism1 & ( ! mo/ extreme k9d4 ,x f9ds t ! value ( ?+s consi/s precisely 9 ! fact t ^! values are n real & nev] h be5 real1 b t !y are only a symptom ( /r5g? on ! "p ( ! valu]1 a simplification s]v+ ! purposes ( exi/5ce4 #ad4 ,values & _! modification are relat$ to ! gr[? ( p[] ( ! valu]4 ,! measure ( disbelief & ( ! fre$om ( _s :i* is tol]at$1 view$ z an expression ( ! gr[? ( p[]4 ,nihilism view$ z ! ideal ( ! highe/ spiritual p[]1 ( ! ov]-ri* life1 p>tly de/ructive1 p>tly ironical4 #ae4 ,:at is belief8 ,h[ is a belief born8 ,all belief assumes t some?+ is true4 ,! extreme/ =m ( ,nihilism w\ld mean t all belief--all assumption ( tru?--is false3 because no real _w is at h&4 ,x 7 !re=e3 only an appe>ance se5 9 p]spective1 ^: orig9 mu/ be f\nd 9 u 7see+ t we are con/antly 9 ne$ ( a n>r[]1 a %ort5$1 & simplifi$ _w74 ,?is %\ld be realis$1 t ! ext5t to :i* we c1 9 our he>t ( he>ts1 ackn[l$ge appe>ance1 & ! necessity ( falsehood1 )\t go+ to rack & ru91 is ! measure ( /r5g?4 ,9 ?is respect1 ,nihilism1 9 t x is ! negation ( a real _w & ( ,be+1 might be a div9e view ( ! _w4 #af4 ,if we are disillusion$1 we h n become s 9 reg>d to life1 b ow+ to ! fact t our eyes h be5 op5$ to all k9ds ( desid]ata4 ,) mock+ ang] we survey t :i* is call$ ,ideal3 we despise ourselves only because we are unable at e mom5t ( our lives to quell t absurd emotion :i* is call$ ,idealism4 ,?is pamp]+ by means ( ideals is /rong] ?an ! ang] ( ! disillusion$ "o4 #ag4 ,to :at ext5t does ,s*op5hau]ian ,nihilism cont9ue to be ! result ( ! same ideal z t :i* gave rise to ,*ri/ian ,!ism8 ,! am\nt ( c]ta9ty conc]n+ ! mo/ exalt$ desid]ata1 ! highe/ values & ! greate/ degree ( p]fection1 0 s great1 t ! philosoph]s />t$ out f x z if x _h be5 an a priori & absolute fact3 ,god at ! head1 z ! giv5 quantity--,tru?4 ,to become l ,god1 to be absorb$ into ! ,div9e ,be+--^! 7 = c5turies ! mo/ +5u\s & mo/ conv9c+ desid]ata 7b t :i* conv9ces is n necess>ily true on t acc\nt3 x is no?+ m nor less ?an conv9c+4 ,an obs]vation = donkeys74 ,! grant+ ( a p]sonal-reality to ?is accretion ( ideals has be5 unle>n$3 p h become a!i/ic4 ,b has ! ideal actually be5 ab&on$8 ,! late/ metaphysicians1 z a matt] ( fact1 /ill seek _! true reality 9 x--! ?+-9-itself beside :i* ev]y?+ else is m]ely appe>ance4 ,_! dogma is1 t because our _w ( appe>ance is s obvi\sly n ! expression ( t ideal1 x !re=e _c be true--& at bottom does n ev5 lead back to t metaphysical _w z cause4 ,! uncondition$1 9 s f> z x /&s = t highe/ degree ( p]fection1 _c possibly be ! reason ( all ! condition$4 ,s*op5hau]1 :o desir$ x o!rwise1 0 oblig$ to imag9e ?is metaphysical basis z ! anti!sis to ! ideal1 z an evil1 bl9d w3 ?us x c\ld be t :i* appe>s1 t :i* manife/s itself 9 ! _w ( appe>ance4 ,b ev5 s1 he did n give up t ideal absolute--he circumv5t$ x4444 7,kant seems to h ne$$ ! hypo!sis ( intelligible fre$om1#c 9 ord] to relieve ! ens p]fectum ( ! responsibility ( hav+ contriv$ ?is _w z x is1 9 %ort1 9 ord] to expla9 evil3 sc&al\s logic = a philosoph]674 ,footnote #c3 ,see ,note on p4 #aa4 #ah4 ,! mo/ g5]al sign ( mod]n times3 9 8 own e/imation1 man has lo/ an inf9ite am\nt ( dignity4 ,= a long "t he 0 ! c5tre & tragic h]o ( life 9 g5]al2 !n he endeav\r$ to demon/rate at lea/ 8 relation%ip to ! mo/ ess5tial & 9 itself mo/ valuable side ( life--z all metaphysicians d1 :o wi% to hold fa/ to ! dignity ( man1 9 _! belief t moral values are c>d9al values4 ,he :o has let ,god g1 cl+s all ! m /rongly to ! belief 9 morality4 #ai4 ,e purely moral valuation 7z1 = in/ance1 ! ,buddhi/ic7 t]m9ates 9 ,nihilism3 ,europe mu/ expect ! same ?+6 ,x is suppos$ t "o c get along ) a morality b]eft ( a religi\s backgr\nd2 b 9 ?is direction ! road to ,nihilism is op5$4 ,!re is no?+ 9 religion :i* compels u to reg>d ourselves z valu+ creatures4 #bj4 ,! "q :i* ,nihilism puts1 namely1 to :at purpose8 is ! outcome ( a habit1 hi!rto1 to reg>d ! purpose z some?+ fix$1 giv5 & exact$ f outside--t is to say1 by "s sup]natural au?ority4 ,once ! belief 9 ?is has be5 unle>n$1 ! =ce ( an old habit leads to ! se>* aft] ano!r au?ority1 :i* w\ld "k h[ to speak unconditionally1 & c\ld po9t to goals & missions4 ,! au?ority ( ! consci5ce n[ takes ! fir/ place 7! m morality is emancipat$ f !ology1 ! m imp]ative does x become7 z a comp5sation = ! p]sonal au?ority4 ,or ! au?ority ( reason4 ,or ! greg>i\s in/9ct 7! h]d74 ,or hi/ory ) its imman5t _s1 :i* has its goal 9 itself1 & to :i* "o c ab&on oneself4 ,"o w\ld l to evade ! w1 z also ! will+ ( a goal & ! risk ( sett+ oneself a goal4 ,"o w\ld l to get rid ( ! responsibility 7,fatalism w\ld be accept$74 ,f9ally3 ,happ9ess & ) a da% ( humbug1 ! happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]4 ,x is said3-- 7#a7 ,a def9ite goal is q unnecess>y4 7#b7 ,su* a goal _c possibly be =ese54 ,precisely n[1 :5 w 9 its fulle/ /r5g? 7 necess>y1 x is 9 ! weake/ & mo/ pusillanim\s condition4 ,absolute mi/ru/ conc]n+ ! organis+ p[] ( ! w4 #ba4 ,! p]fect ,nihili/4--,! ,nihili/'s eye idealises 9 an ugly s5se1 & is incon/ant to :at x rememb]s3 x all[s its recollections to g a/ray & to fade1 x does n protect !m f t cadav]\s coloration ) :i* weakness dyes all t is di/ant & pa/4 ,& :at x does n d = itself x fails to d = ! :ole ( mank9d z well--t is to say1 x all[s x to drop4 #bb4 ,nihilism4 ,x may be two ?+s3-- ,a4 ,nihilism z a sign ( enhanc$ spiritual /r5g?3 active ,nihilism4 ,b4 ,nihilism z a sign ( ! collapse & decl9e ( spiritual /r5g?3 passive ,nihilism4 #bc4 ,nihilism1 a normal condition4 ,x may be a sign ( /r5g?2 spiritual vig\r may h increas$ to su* an ext5t t ! goals t[>d :i* man has m>*$ hi!rto 7! convictions1 articles ( fai?7 are no long] suit$ to x 7= a fai? g5]ally expresses ! exig5cies ( ! conditions ( exi/5ce1 a submission to ! au?ority ( an ord] ( ?+s :i* conduces to ! prosp]ity1 ! gr[? & p[] ( a liv+ creature 44472 on ! o!r h&1 a sign ( insuffici5t /r5g?1 to fix a goal1 a :]e=e1 & a fai? = itself4 ,x rea*es its maximum ( relative /r5g?1 z a p[]ful de/ructive =ce1 9 ! =m ( active ,nihilism4 ,its opposite w\ld be we>y ,nihilism1 :i* no long] attacks3 its mo/ r5[n$ =m be+ ,buddhism3 z passive ,nihilism1 a sign ( weakness3 spiritual /r5g? may be fatigu$1 exhau/$1 s t ! goals & values :i* h prevail$ hi!rto are no long] suit$ to x & are no long] believ$ 9--s t ! syn!sis ( values & goals 7^u :i* e /rong culture /&s7 decomposes1 & ! diff]5t values cont5d ) "o ano!r3 ,dis9tegration1 !n ev]y?+ :i* is reliev+1 :i* heals1 becalms1 or /upefies1 /eps into ! =egr\nd "u ! cov] ( v>i\s disguises1 ei!r religi\s1 moral1 political or /hetic1 etc4 #bd4 ,nihilism is n only a m$itat+ ov] ! 9 va96--n only ! belief t ev]y?+ des]ves to p]i%2 b "o actually puts "o's %\ld] to ! pl\gh2 "o de/roys4 ,?is1 if y w1 is illogical2 b ! ,nihili/ does n believe 9 ! necessity ( be+ logical4444 ,x is ! condition ( /rong m9ds & wills2 & to ^! x is impossible to be satisfi$ ) ! negation ( judgm5t3 ! negation by de$s proce$s f _! nature4 ,annihilation by ! reason+ faculty seconds annihilation by ! h&4 #be4 ,conc]n+ ! g5esis ( ! ,nihili/4 ,! c\rage ( all "o really kn[s comes b late 9 life4 ,x is only q rec5tly t ,i h ackn[l$g$ to myself t h]et(ore ,i h be5 a ,nihili/ f top to toe4 ,! en]gy & ?or\ghness ) :i* ,i m>*$ =w>d z a ,nihili/ deceiv$ me conc]n+ ?is fundam5tal pr9ciple4 ,:5 "o is progress+ t[>ds a goal x seems impossible t aimlessness p] se %\ld be "o's fundam5tal article ( fai?4 #bf4 ,! ,pessimism ( /rong natures4 ,! :]e=e aft] a t]rible /ruggle1 ev5 aft] victory4 ,t some?+ may exi/ :i* is a hundr$ times m important ?an ! "q1 :e!r we feel well or unwell1 is ! fundam5tal in/9ct ( all /rong natures--& consequ5tly too1 :e!r ! o!rs feel well or unwell4 ,9 %ort1 t we h a purpose1 = :i* we w\ld n ev5 hesitate to sacrifice m51 run all risks1 & b5d our backs to ! wor/3 ?is is ! great passion4 #b4 ,,fur!r ,,causes ,,( ,,nihilism4 #bg4 ,! causes ( ,nihilism3 7#a7 ,! high] species is lack+1 i4e41 ! species ^: inexhau/ible fruitfulness & p[] w\ld uphold our belief 9 ,man 7?9k only ( :at is ow$ to ,napoleon--almo/ all ! high] hopes ( ?is c5tury74 7#b7 ,! inf]ior species 7h]d1 ass1 society7 is =gett+ mode/y1 & inflates its ne$s into cosmic & metaphysical values4 ,9 ?is way all life is vulg>is$3 = inasmu* z ! mass ( mank9d rules1 x tyrannises ov] ! exceptions1 s t ^! lose _! belief 9 !mselves & become ,nihili/s4 ,all attempts to conceive ( a new species come to no?+ 7romanticism1 ! arti/1 ! philosoph]2 aga9/ ,c>lyle's attempt to l5d !m ! highe/ moral values74 ,! result is t high] types are resi/$4 ,! d[nfall & insecurity ( all high] types4 ,! /ruggle aga9/ g5ius 7popul> poetry1 etc474 ,sympa?y ) ! l[ly & ! suff]+ z a /&>d = ! elevation ( ! s\l4 ,! philosoph] is lack+1 ! int]pret] ( de$s1 & n alone he :o poetises !m4 #bh4 ,imp]fect ,nihilism--its =ms3 we are n[ surr\nd$ by !m4 ,all attempts made to escape ,nihilism1 :i* d n consi/ 9 transvalu+ ! values t h prevail$ hi!rto1 only make ! matt] worse2 !y complicate ! problem4 #bi4 ,! v>ieties ( self-/upefaction4 ,9 "o's he>t ( he>ts1 n to "k1 :i!r8 ,empt9ess4 ,! attempt to rise sup]ior to x all by means ( emotional intoxication3 emotional intoxication 9 ! =m ( music1 9 ! =m ( cruelty 9 ! tragic joy ov] ! ru9 ( ! noble/1 & 9 ! =m ( bl9d1 gu%+ en?usiasm ov] individual m5 or di/9ct p]iods 79 ! =m ( hatr$1 etc474 ,! attempt to "w bl9dly1 l a sci5tific in/rum5t2 to keep an eye on ! _m small joys1 l an inve/igator1 = in/ance 7mode/y t[>ds oneself72 ! my/icism ( ! voluptu\s joy ( et]nal empt9ess2 art = art's sake 7le fait71 immaculate inve/igation1 9 ! =m ( n>cotics aga9/ ! disgu/ ( oneself2 any k9d ( incessant "w1 any k9d ( small fooli% fanaticism2 ! m$ley ( all means1 illness z ! result ( g5]al pr(ligacy 7dissipation kills pleasure74 7#a7 ,z a result1 feeble w-p[]4 7#b7 ,excessive pride & ! humiliation ( petty weakness felt z a contra/4 #cj4 ,! "t is com+ :5 we %all h to pay = hav+ be5 ,*ri/ians = two ?\s& ye>s3 we are los+ ! equilibrium :i* enables u to live--= a long :ile we %all n "k 9 :at direction we are travell+4 ,we are hurl+ ourselves headlong into ! opposite valuations1 ) t degree ( en]gy :i* c\ld only h be5 eng5d]$ 9 man by an ov]valuation ( himself4 ,n[1 ev]y?+ is false f ! root1 words & no?+ b words1 confus$1 feeble1 or ov]-/ra9$4 7a7 ,!re is a seek+ aft] a sort ( e>?ly solution ( ! problem ( life1 b 9 ! same s5se z t ( ! f9al triumph ( tru?1 love1 ju/ice 7socialism3 equality ( p]sons74 7b7 ,!re is also an attempt to hold fa/ to ! moral ideal 7) altruism1 self-sacrifice1 & ! d5ial ( ! w1 9 ! front rank74 7c7 ,!re is ev5 an attempt to hold fa/ to a ,beyond3 7 x only z an antilogical x2 b x is =?) int]pret$ 9 su* a way t a k9d ( metaphysical solace1 aft] ! old /yle1 may be d]iv$ f x4 7d7 ,!re is an attempt to read ! ph5om5a ( life 9 su* a way z to arrive at ! div9e guidance ( old1 ) its p[]s ( rew>d+1 puni%+1 educat+1 & ( g5]ally conduc+ to a some?+ bett] 9 ! ord] ( ?+s4 7e7 ,p once m believe 9 good & evil2 s t ! victory ( ! good & ! annihilation ( ! evil is reg>d$ z a duty 7?is is ,engli%1 & is typical ( t blockhead1 ,john ,/u>t ,mill74 7f7 ,! contempt felt = naturalness1 = ! desires & = ! ego3 ! attempt to reg>d ev5 ! highe/ intellectuality ( art z a result ( an imp]sonal & dis9t]e/$ attitude4 7g7 ,! ,*ur* is /ill all[$ to m$dle 9 all ! ess5tial occurr5ces & incid5ts 9 ! life ( ! individual1 ) a view to consecrat+ x & giv+ x a l(ti] mean+3 we /ill h ! ,*ri/ian ,/ate & ! ,*ri/ian m>riage4 #ca4 ,!re h be5 m ?\ghtful & m de/ructively ?\ghtful#d times ?an ours3 times l ^? 9 :i* ,buddha appe>$1 = in/ance1 9 :i* ! p !mselves1 aft] c5turies ( sect>ian qu>rels1 _h sunk s deeply into ! abyss ( philosophical dogmas1 z1 f "t to "t1 ,european p h done 9 reg>d to ! f9e po9ts ( religi\s dogma4 ,lit]ature & ! press w\ld be ! la/ ?+s to s$uce "o to any high op9ion ( ! _s ( our times3 ! millions ( ,spiriti/s1 & a ,*ri/ianity ) gymna/ic ex]cises ( t gha/ly ugl9ess :i* is *>act]i/ic ( all ,engli% inv5tions1 ?r[ m light on ! subject4 ,european ,pessimism is /ill 9 its infancy--a fact :i* argues aga9/ x3 x has n yet atta9$ to t prodigi\s & ye>n+ fixity ( sight to :i* x atta9$ 9 ,india once ^u a "t1 & 9 :i* non5tity is reflect$2 !re is /ill too mu* ( ! ready-made1 & n en\gh ( ! evolv$ 9 its con/itution1 too mu* le>n$ & poetic ,pessimism2 ,i mean t a good deal ( x has be5 discov]$1 inv5t$1 & creat$1 b n caus$4 ,footnote #d3 z]da*t]e4 #cb4 ,criticism ( ! ,pessimism :i* has prevail$ hi!rto4 ,! want ( ! eudmonological /&po9t1 z a la/ abbreviation ( ! "q3 :at is ! purpose ( x all8 ,! r$uction ( gloom4 ,our ,pessimism3 ! _w has n ! value :i* we believ$ x to h1--our fai? itself has s increas$ our in/9ct = rese>* t we are compell$ to say ?is to-day4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x seems ( less value3 at fir/ x is felt to be ( less value1--only 9 ?is s5se are we pessimi/s1--t is to say1 ) ! w to ackn[l$ge ?is transvaluation )\t res]ve1 & no long]1 z h]et(ore1 to deceive ourselves & *ant ! old old /ory4 ,x is precisely 9 ?is way t we f9d ! pa?os :i* urges u to seek = new values4 ,9 %ort3 ! _w might h f> m value ?an we ?\ght--we mu/ get beh9d ! navet ( our ideals1 = x is possible t1 9 our consci\s ef=t to give x ! highe/ int]pretation1 we h n be/[$ ev5 a mod]ately j value ^u x4 ,:at has be5 deifi$8 ,! valu+ in/9ct inside ! community 7t :i* enabl$ x to survive74 ,:at has be5 calumniat$8 ,t :i* has t5d$ to sep>ate high] m5 f _! inf]iors1 ! in/9cts :i* cleave gulfs & build b>ri]s4 #cc4 ,causes effect+ ! rise ( ,pessimism3-- 7#a7 ,! mo/ p[]ful in/9cts & ^? :i* promis$ mo/ = ! future h hi!rto be5 calumniat$1 s t life has a curse ^u x4 7#b7 ,! gr[+ brav]y & ! m d>+ mi/ru/ on ! "p ( man h l$ him to discov] ! fact t ^! in/9cts _c be cut adrift f life1 & ?us he turns to embrace life4 7#c7 ,only ! mo/ m$iocre1 :o are n consci\s ( ?is conflict1 prosp]2 ! high] species fail1 & z an example ( deg5]ation t5d to dispose all he>ts aga9/ !m--on ! o!r h&1 !re is "s indignation caus$ by ! m$iocre posit+ !mselves z ! end & mean+ ( all ?+s4 ,no "o c any long] reply to ! "q3 ,:y8 7#d7 ,belittlem5t1 susceptibility to pa91 unre/1 ha/e1 & confusion are /eadily increas+--! mat]ialisation ( all ^! t5d5cies1 :i* is call$ civilisation1 becomes e day m simple1 ) ! result t1 9 ! face ( ! mon/r\s ma*9e1 ! individual despairs & surr5d]s4 #cd4 ,mod]n ,pessimism is an expression ( ! uselessness only ( ! mod]n _w1 n ( ! _w & exi/5ce z su*4 #ce4 ,! prepond]ance ( pa9 ov] pleasure or ! rev]se 7,h$onism72 bo? ( ^! doctr9es are already signpo/s to ,nihilism4444 ,= "h1 9 bo? cases1 no o!r f9al purpose is s\ght ?an ! ph5om5on pleasure or pa94 ,b only a man :o no long] d>es to posit a w1 a purpose1 & a f9al goal c speak 9 ?is way--accord+ to e heal?y type ( man1 ! wor? ( life is c]ta9ly n measur$ by ! /&>d ( ^! second>y ?+s4 ,& a prepond]ance ( pa9 w\ld be possible &1 9 spite ( x1 a mighty w1 a say+ ( yea to life1 & a hold+ ( ?is prepond]ance = necess>y4 ,life is n wor? liv+2 ,resignation2 :at is ! good ( te>s8--?is is a feeble & s5tim5tal attitude ( m9d4 ,un mon/re gai vaut mieux qu'un s5tim5tal ennuyeux4 #cf4 ,! philosophie ,nihili/ is conv9c$ t all ph5om5a are )\t s5se & are 9 va91 & t !re ought to be no su* ?+ z ,be+ )\t s5se & 9 va94 ,b :5ce comes ?is ,!re ought n to be8--:5ce ?is s5se & ?is /&>d8 ,at bottom ! ,nihili/ supposes t ! sight ( su* a desolate1 useless ,be+ is unsatisfy+ to ! philosoph]1 & fills him ) desolation & despair4 ,?is aspect ( ! case is oppos$ to our subtle s5sibilities z a philosoph]4 ,x leads to ! absurd conclusion t ! "* ( exi/5ce mu/ p]=ce af=d pleasure to ! philosoph] if x is to h any "r to subsi/4 ,n[ x is easy to und]/& t happ9ess & unhapp9ess1 )9 ! ph5om5a ( ?is _w1 c only s]ve ! purpose ( means3 ! "q yet rema9+ to be answ]$ is1 :e!r x w ev] be possible = u to p]ceive ! object & purpose ( life--:e!r ! problem ( purposelessness or ! rev]se is n q beyond our k54 #cg4 ,! developm5t ( ,nihilism out ( ,pessimism4 ,! d5aturalisation ( ,values4 ,s*ola/icism ( values4 ,! values isolat$1 ideali/ic1 in/ead ( rul+ & lead+ action1 turn aga9/ x & condemn x4 ,opposites introduc$ 9 ! place ( natural gradations & ranks4 ,hatr$ ( ! ord] ( rank4 ,opposites are compatible ) a plebeian age1 because !y are m easy to grasp4 ,! reject$ _w is oppos$ to an artificially con/ruct$ true & valuable "o4 ,at la/ we discov] out ( :at mat]ial ! true _w 0 built2 all t rema9s1 n[1 is ! reject$ _w1 & to ! acc\nt ( our reasons = reject+ x we place our greate/ disillusionm5t4 ,at ?is po9t ,nihilism is rea*$2 ! direct+ values h be5 reta9$--no?+ m6 ,?is gives rise to ! problem ( /r5g? & weakness3-- 7#a7 ,! weak fall to pieces ^u x2 7#b7 ,! /rong de/roy :at does n fall to pieces ( its own accord2 7#c7 ,! /ronge/ ov]come ! direct+ values4 ,! :ole condition ( affairs produces ! tragic age4 #c4 ,,! ,,nihili/ic ,,movem5t ,,z ,,an ,,expression ,,( ,,decad5ce4 #ch4 ,j lately an accid5tal & 9 e way inappropriate t]m has be5 v mu* misus$3 ev]y:]e p are speak+ ( ,pessimism1 & !re is a fight ar\nd ! "q 7to :i* "s replies mu/ be =?com+73 :i* is "r--,pessimism or ,optimism8 ,p h n yet se5 :at is s t]ribly-obvi\s--namely1 t ,pessimism is n a problem b a symptom1--t ! t]m ought to be replac$ by ,nihilism1--t ! "q1 to be or n to be1 is itself an illness1 a sign ( deg5]acy1 an idiosyncrasy4 ,! ,nihili/ic movem5t is only an expression ( physiological decad5ce4 #ci4 ,to be und]/ood3--,t e k9d ( decl9e & t5d5cy to sickness has incessantly be5 at "w 9 help+ to create g5]al evaluations3 t 9 ^? valuations :i* n[ dom9ate1 decad5ce has ev5 begun to prepond]ate1 t we h n only to combat ! conditions :i* pres5t mis]y & deg5]ation h br\ght into be+2 b t all decad5ce1 previ\s to t ( our own times1 has be5 transmitt$ & has !re=e rema9$ an active =ce among/ u4 ,a univ]sal dep>ture ( ?is k9d1 on ! "p ( man1 f 8 fundam5tal in/9cts1 su* univ]sal decad5ce ( ! valu+ judgm5t1 is ! note ( int]rogation p> excell5ce1 ! real riddle1 :i* ! animal man sets to all philosoph]s4 #dj4 ,! notion decad5ce3--,decay1 decl9e1 & wa/e1 are1 p] se1 9 no way op5 to objection2 !y are ! natural consequ5ces ( life & vital gr[?4 ,! ph5om5on ( decad5ce is j z necess>y to life z advance or progress is3 we are n 9 a position :i* enables u to suppress x4 ,on ! contr>y1 reason w\ld h x reta9 its rights4 ,x is disgraceful on ! "p ( sociali/-!ori/s to argue t circum/ances & social comb9ations c\ld be devis$ :i* w\ld put an end to all vice1 illness1 crime1 pro/itution1 & pov]ty4444 ,b t is tantam\nt to condemn+ ,life 444 a society is n at lib]ty to rema9 "y4 ,& ev5 9 its prime x mu/ br+ =? ordure & decay+ matt]4 ,! m en]getically & d>+ly x advances1 ! ri*] w x be 9 failures & 9 de=mities1 & ! ne>] x w be to its fall4 ,age is n def]r$ by means ( in/itutions4 ,nor is illness4 ,nor is vice4 #da4 ,fundam5tal aspect ( ! nature ( decad5ce3 :at has h]et(ore be5 reg>d$ z its causes are its effects4 ,9 ?is way1 ! :ole p]spective ( ! problems ( morality is alt]$4 ,all ! /ruggle ( morals aga9/ vice1 luxury1 crime1 & ev5 aga9/ illness1 seems a navet1 a sup]flu\s ef=t3 !re is no su* ?+ z improvem5t 7a ^w aga9/ rep5tance74 ,decad5ce itself is n a ?+ t c be )/ood3 x is absolutely necess>y & is prop] to all ages & all peoples4 ,t :i* mu/ be )/ood1 & by all means 9 our p[]1 is ! spread+ ( ! contagion among ! s\nd p>ts ( ! organism4 ,is t done8 ,! v rev]se is done4 ,x is precisely on ?is acc\nt t "o makes a /& on behalf ( humanity4 ,h[ d ! highe/ values creat$ hi!rto /& 9 relation to ?is fundam5tal "q 9 biology8 ,philosophy1 religion1 morality1 art1 etc4 7,! rem$y3 milit>ism1 = in/ance1 f ,napoleon onw>ds1 :o reg>d$ civilisation z 8 natural enemy47 #db4 ,all ^? ?+s :i* h]et(ore h be5 reg>d$ z ! causes ( deg5]ation1 are really its effects4 ,b ^? ?+s also :i* h be5 reg>d$ z ! rem$ies ( deg5]ation are only palliatives ( c]ta9 effects !re(3 ! cur$ are types ( ! deg5]ate4 ,! results ( decad5ce3 vice--vici\sness2 illness--sickl9ess2 crime--crim9ality2 celibacy--/]ility2 hy/]ia--! weakness ( ! w2 alcoholism2 pessimism1 an>*y2 debau*]y 7also ( ! _s74 ,! calumniators1 und]m9]s1 sceptics1 & de/roy]s4 #dc4 ,conc]n+ ! notion decad5ce4 7#a7 ,scepticism is a result ( decad5ce3 j z spiritual debau*]y is4 7#b7 ,moral corruption is a result ( decad5ce 7! weakness ( ! w & ! ne$ ( /rong /imulants74 7#c7 ,rem$ies1 :e!r psy*ological or moral1 d n alt] ! m>* ( decad5ce1 !y d n arre/ any?+2 physiologically !y d n c\nt4 ,a peep into ! enorm\s futility ( ^! pret5ti\s reactions2 !y are =ms ( an/hetis+ oneself aga9/ c]ta9 fatal symptoms result+ f ! prevail+ condition ( ?+s2 !y d n eradicate ! morbid elem5t2 !y are (t5 h]oic attempts to cancel ! decad5t man1 to all[ only a m9imum ( 8 delet]i\s influ5ce to survive4 7#d7 ,nihilism is n a cause1 b only ! rationale ( decad5ce4 7#e7 ,! good & ! bad are no m ?an two types ( decad5ce3 !y come toge!r 9 all its fundam5tal ph5om5a4 7#f7 ,! social problem is a result ( decad5ce4 7#g7 ,illnesses1 m p>ticul>ly ^? attack+ ! n]ves & ! head1 are signs t ! def5sive /r5g? ( /rong nature is lack+2 a pro( ( ?is is t irritability :i* causes pleasure & pa9 to be reg>d$ z problems ( ! fir/ ord]4 #dd4 ,! mo/ common types ( decad5ce3 7#a7 ,9 ! belief t !y are rem$ies1 cures are *os5 :i* only precipitate exhau/ion2--?is is ! case ) ,*ri/ianity 7to po9t to ! mo/ egregi\s example ( mi/ak5 in/9ct72--?is is also ! case ) progress4 7#b7 ,! p[] ( resi/+ /imuli is on ! wane--*ance rules supreme3 ev5ts are inflat$ & drawn out until !y appe> mon/r\s 444 a suppression ( ! p]sonality1 a dis9tegration ( ! w2 9 ?is reg>d we may m5tion a :ole class ( morality1 ! altrui/ic1 t :i* is incessantly prea*+ pity1 & ^: mo/ ess5tial feature is ! weakness ( ! p]sonality1 s t x r+s 9 unison1 &1 l an ov]-s5sitive /r+1 does n cease f vibrat+ 444 extreme irritability4444 7#c7 ,cause & effect are conf\nd$3 decad5ce is n und]/ood z physiological1 & its results are tak5 to be ! causes ( ! g5]al indisposition3--?is applies to all religi\s morality4 7#d7 ,a /ate ( affairs is desir$ 9 :i* suff]+ %all cease2 life is actually consid]$ ! cause ( all ills--unconsci\s & ins5sitive /ates 7sleep & syncope7 are held 9 incomp>ably high] e/eem ?an ! consci\s /ates2 h5ce a me?od ( life4 #de4 ,conc]n+ ! hygi5e ( ! weak4 ,all t is done 9 weakness ends 9 failure4 ,moral3 d no?+4 ,! wor/ ( x is1 t precisely ! /r5g? requir$ 9 ord] to /op action1 & to cease f react+1 is mo/ s]i\sly diseas$ "u ! influ5ce ( weakness3 t "o nev] reacts m promptly or m bl9dly ?an :5 "o %\ld n react at all4 ,! /r5g? ( a "* is %[n by ! ability to delay & po/pone reaction3 a c]ta9 is j z prop] to x1 z involunt>9ess 9 recoil+1 sudd5ness & lack ( re/ra9t 9 action1 are prop] to weakness4 ,! w is weak3 & ! recipe = prev5t+ fooli% acts w\ld be3 to h a /rong w & to d no?+--contradiction4 ,a sort ( self-de/ruction1 ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation is compromis$4444 ,! weak man injures himself4444 ,t is ! decad5t type4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we meet ) a va/ am\nt ( ?\ght conc]n+ ! means :]e) impassibility may be induc$4 ,to ?is ext5t1 ! in/9cts are on ! "r sc5t2 = to d no?+ is m useful ?an to d some?+4444 ,all ! practices ( private ord]s1 ( solit>y philosoph]s1 & ( fakirs1 are sugge/$ by a correct consid]ation ( ! fact1 t a c]ta9 k9d ( man is mo/ useful to himself :5 he h9d]s 8 own action z mu* z possible4 ,reliev+ measures3 absolute ob$i5ce1 me*anical activity1 total isolation f m5 & ?+s t might exact imm$iate decisions & actions4 #df4 ,weakness ( ,w3 ?is is a fable t c lead a/ray4 ,= !re is no w1 consequ5tly nei!r a /rong nor a weak "o4 ,! multiplicity & dis9tegration ( ! in/9cts1 ! want ( sy/em 9 _! relation%ip1 con/itute :at is kn[n z a weak w2 _! co-ord9ation1 "u ! gov]nm5t ( "o individual among !m1 results 9 a /rong w--9 ! fir/ case vacillation & a lack ( equilibrium is noticeable3 9 ! second1 precision & def9ite direction4 #dg4 ,t :i* is inh]it$ is n illness1 b a pr$isposition to illness3 a lack ( ! p[]s ( resi/ance aga9/ injuri\s ext]nal influ5ces1 etc4 etc1 brok5 p[]s ( resi/ance2 express$ morally3 resignation & humility 9 ! pres5ce ( ! enemy4 ,i h (t5 wond]$ :e!r x w\ld n be possible to class all ! highe/ values ( ! philosophies1 moralities1 & religions :i* h be5 devis$ hi!rto1 ) ! values ( ! feeble1 ! insane & ! neura/h5ic 9 a mild] =m1 !y pres5t ! same evils4 ,! value ( all morbid conditions consi/s 9 ! fact t !y magnify c]ta9 normal ph5om5a :i* are difficult to disc]n 9 normal conditions4444 ,heal? & illness are n ess5tially diff]5t1 z ! anci5t doctors believ$ & z a few practition]s /ill believe to-day4 ,!y _c be imag9$ z two di/9ct pr9ciples or entities :i* fight = ! liv+ organism & make x _! battlefield4 ,t is nons5se & m]e idle gossip1 :i* no long] holds wat]4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re is only a diff]5ce ( degree betwe5 ^! two liv+ conditions3 exagg]ation1 want ( proportion1 want ( h>mony among ! normal ph5om5a1 con/itute ! morbid /ate 7,claude ,b]n>d74 ,j z evil may be reg>d$ z exagg]ation1 discord1 & want ( proportion1 s c good be reg>d$ z a sort ( protective diet aga9/ ! dang] ( exagg]ation1 discord1 & want ( proportion4 ,h]$it>y weakness z a dom9ant feel+3 ! cause ( ! prevail+ values4 ,n4,b4--,weakness is 9 dem&--:y8444 mo/ly because p _c be any?+ else ?an weak4 ,weak5+ consid]$ a duty3 ,! weak5+ ( ! desires1 ( ! feel+s ( pleasure & ( pa91 ( ! w to p[]1 ( ! w to pride1 to prop]ty & to m prop]ty2 weak5+ 9 ! =m ( humility2 weak5+ 9 ! =m ( a belief2 weak5+ 9 ! =m ( repugnance & %ame 9 ! pres5ce ( all t is natural--9 ! =m ( a d5ial ( life1 9 ! =m ( illness & *ronic feebl5ess2 weak5+ 9 ! =m ( a refusal to take rev5ge1 to (f] resi/ance1 to become an enemy1 & to %[ ang]4 ,blund]s 9 ! treatm5t3 !re is no attempt at combat+ weakness by means ( any =tify+ sy/em2 b by a sort ( ju/ification consi/+ ( moralis+2 i4e41 by means ( int]pretation4 ,two totally diff]5t conditions are confus$3 = in/ance1 ! repose ( /r5g?1 :i* is ess5tially ab/95ce f reaction 7! prototype ( ! gods :om no?+ moves71 & ! peace ( exhau/ion1 rigidity to ! po9t ( an/hesia4 ,all ^! philosophic & ascetic modes ( proc$ure aspire to ! second /ate1 b actually pret5d to atta9 to ! fir/ 444 = !y ascribe to ! condition !y h rea*$ ! attributes t w\ld be 9 keep+ only ) a div9e /ate4 #dh4 ,! mo/ dang]\s misund]/&+4--,!re is "o concept :i* app>5tly all[s ( no confusion or ambiguity1 & t is ! concept exhau/ion4 ,exhau/ion may be acquir$ or inh]it$--9 any case x alt]s ! aspect & value ( ?+s4 ,unlike him :o involunt>ily gives ( ! sup]abundance :i* he bo? feels & repres5ts1 to ! ?+s ab\t him1 & :o sees !m full]1 mighti]1 & m pregnant ) promises1--:o1 9 fact1 c be/[1--! exhau/$ "o belittles & disfigures ev]y?+ he sees--he impov]i%es its wor?3 he is detrim5tal4444 ,no mi/ake seems possible 9 ?is matt]3 & yet hi/ory discloses ! t]rible fact1 t ! exhau/$ h always be5 conf\nd$ ) ^? ) ! mo/ abundant res\rces1 & ! latt] ) ! mo/ detrim5tal4 ,! paup] 9 vitality1 ! feeble "o1 impov]i%es ev5 life3 ! weal?y man1 9 vital p[]s1 enri*es x4 ,! fir/ is ! p>asite ( ! second3 ! second is a be/[] ( 8 abundance4 ,h[ is confusion possible8 ,:5 he :o 0 exhau/$ came =? ) ! be>+ ( a v active & en]getic man 7:5 deg5]ation impli$ a c]ta9 excess ( spiritual & n]v\s dis*>ge71 he 0 mi/ak5 = ! weal?y man4 ,he inspir$ t]ror4 ,! cult ( ! madman is also always ! cult ( him :o is ri* 9 vitality1 & :o is a p[]ful man4 ,! fanatic1 ! "o possess$1 ! religi\s epileptic1 all ecc5tric creatures h be5 reg>d$ z ! highe/ types ( p[]3 z div9e4 ,?is k9d ( /r5g? :i* inspires t]ror seem$ to be1 above all1 div9e3 ?is 0 ! />t+-po9t ( au?ority2 "h wisdom 0 int]pret$1 he>k5$ to1 & s\ght4 ,out ( ?is !re 0 develop$1 ev]y:]e almo/1 a w to deify1 i4e41 to a typical deg5]ation ( _s1 body1 & n]ves3 an attempt to discov] ! road to ?is high] =m ( be+4 ,to make oneself ill or mad1 to provoke ! symptoms ( s]i\s disord]--0 call$ gett+ /rong]1 becom+ m sup]human1 m t]rible & m wise4 ,p ?\ght !y w\ld ?us atta9 to su* weal? ( p[]1 t !y w\ld be able to disp5se x4 ,:]esoev] !re h be5 pray]s1 "s "o has be5 s\ght :o _h some?+ to give away4 ,:at l$ a/ray1 "h1 0 ! exp]i5ce ( intoxication4 ,?is increases ! feel+ ( p[] to ! highe/ degree1 !re=e1 to ! m9d ( ! +5u\s1 x is p[]4 ,on ! highe/ alt> ( p[] ! mo/ intoxicat$ man mu/ /&1 ! ec/atic4 7,!re are two causes ( intoxication3 sup]abundant life1 & a condition ( morbid nutrition ( ! bra947 #di4 ,acquir$1 n inh]it$ exhau/ion3 7#a7 inadequate n\ri%m5t1 (t5 ! result ( ignorance conc]n+ diet1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! case ( s*ol>s2 7#b7 erotic precocity3 ! damnation m especially ( ! y\? ( ,france--,p>isian y\?s1 above all1 :o are already dirti$ & ru9$ :5 !y /ep out ( _! lyces into ! _w1 & :o _c break ! *a9s ( despicable t5d5cies2 ironical & scornful t[>ds !mselves--galley-slaves despite all _! ref9em5t 7moreov]1 9 ! majority ( cases1 already a symptom ( racial & family decad5ce1 z all hyp]s5sitiv5ess is2 & examples ( ! infection ( environm5t3 to be influ5c$ by "o's environm5t is also a sign ( decad5ce72 7#c7 alcoholism1 n ! in/9ct b ! habit1 fooli% imitation1 ! c[>dly or va9 adaptation to a rul+ fa%ion4 ,:at a bless+ a ,jew is among ,g]mans6 ,see ! obtus5ess1 ! flax5 head1 ! blue eye1 & ! lack ( intellect 9 ! face1 ! language1 & ! be>+2 ! lazy habit ( /ret*+ ! limbs1 & ! ne$ ( repose among ,g]mans--a ne$ :i* is n ! result ( ov]work1 b ( ! disgu/+ excitation & ov]-excitation caus$ by alcohol4 #ej4 ,a !ory ( exhau/ion4--,vice1 ! insane 7also arti/s71 ! crim9als1 ! an>*i/s--^! are n ! oppress$ classes1 b ! outca/s ( ! community ( all classes hi!rto4 ,see+ t all our classes are p]meat$ by ^! elem5ts1 we h grasp$ ! fact t mod]n society is n a society or a body1 b a diseas$ agglom]ation ( ,*&ala1--a society :i* no long] has ! /r5g? ev5 to excrete4 ,to :at ext5t liv+ toge!r = c5turies has v mu* deep5$ sickl9ess3 mod]n virtue mod]n intellect z =ms ( disease4 mod]n sci5ce #ea4 ,! /ate ( corruption4--,! int]relation ( all =ms ( corruption %\ld be und]/ood1 & ! ,*ri/ian =m 7,pascal z ! type71 z also ! sociali/ic & communi/ic 7a result ( ! ,*ri/ian71 %\ld n be ov]look$ 7f ! /&po9t ( natural sci5ce1 ! highe/ conception ( society accord+ to sociali/s1 is ! l[e/ 9 ! ord] ( rank among societies72 ! ,beyond --corruption3 z ?\gh outside ! real _w ( ,becom+ !re 7 a _w ( ,be+4 ,"h !re mu/ be no compromise1 b selection1 annihilation1 & w>--! ,*ri/ian ,nihili/ic /&>d ( value mu/ be )drawn f all ?+s & attack$ b5ea? e disguise 444 = in/ance1 f mod]n sociology1 music1 & ,pessimism 7all =ms ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal ( values74 ,ei!r "o ?+ or ! o!r is true--t is to say1 t5d+ to elevate ! type man4444 ,! prie/1 ! %eph]d ( s\ls1 %\ld be look$ ^u z a =m ( life :i* mu/ be suppress$4 ,all education1 hi!rto1 has be5 helpless1 adrift1 )\t balla/1 & afflict$ ) ! contradiction ( values4 ,ei!r "o ?+ or ! o!r is true--t is to say1 t5d+ to elevate ! type man4444 ,! prie/1 ! %eph]d ( s\ls1 %\ld be look$ ^u z a =m ( life :i* mu/ be suppress$4 ,all education1 hi!rto1 has be5 helpless1 adrift1 )\t balla/1 & afflict$ ) ! contradiction ( values4 #eb4 ,if ,nature h no pity on ! deg5]ate1 x is n !re=e immoral3 ! gr[? ( physiological & moral evils 9 ! human race1 is r ! result ( morbid & unnatural morality4 ,! s5sitiv5ess ( ! majority ( m5 is bo? morbid & unnatural4 ,:y is x t mank9d is corrupt 9 a moral & physiological respect8 ,! body deg5]ates if "o organ is uns\nd4 ,! "r ( altruism _c be trac$ to physiology1 nei!r c ! "r to help & to ! equality ( fate3 ^! are all premiums = deg5]ates & failures4 ,!re c be no solid>ity 9 a society conta9+ unfruitful1 unproductive1 & de/ructive memb]s1 :o1 by ! bye1 are b\nd to h (fspr+ ev5 m deg5]ate ?an !y are !mselves4 #ec4 ,decad5ce ex]cises a pr(\nd & p]fectly unconsci\s influ5ce1 ev5 ov] ! ideals ( sci5ce3 all our sociology is a pro( ( ?is proposition1 & x has yet to be reproa*$ ) ! fact t x has only ! exp]i5ce ( society 9 ! process ( decay1 & inevitably takes its own decay+ in/9cts z ! basis ( sociological judgm5t4 ,! decl9+ vitality ( mod]n ,europe =mulates its social ideals 9 its decay+ in/9cts3 & ^! ideals are all s l ^? ( old & effete races1 t !y might be mi/ak5 = "o ano!r4 ,! greg>i\s in/9ct1 !n1--n[ a sov]eign p[]1--is some?+ totally diff]5t f ! in/9ct ( an ari/ocratic society3 & ! value ( ! sum dep5ds ^u ! value ( ! units con/itut+ x4444 ,! :ole ( our sociology kn[s no o!r in/9ct ?an t ( ! h]d1 i4e41 ( a multitude ( m]e ciph]s--( :i* e ciph] has equal rights1 & :]e x is a virtue to be----naught4444 ,! valuation ) :i* ! v>i\s =ms ( society are judg$ to-day is absolutely ! same ) t :i* assigns a high] place to peace ?an to w>3 b ?is pr9ciple is contr>y to ! tea*+ ( biology1 & is itself a m]e outcome ( decad5t life4 ,life is a result ( w>1 society is a means to w>4444 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 0 a decad5t 9 biology1 z also 9 morality 7he reg>d$ ! triumph ( altruism z a desid]atum66674 #ed4 ,aft] ?\s&s ( ye>s ( error & confusion1 x is my good =tune to h r$iscov]$ ! road :i* leads to a ,yea & to a ,nay4 ,i tea* p to say ,nay 9 ! face ( all t makes = weakness & exhau/ion4 ,i tea* p to say ,yea 9 ! face ( all t makes = /r5g?1 t pres]ves /r5g?1 & ju/ifies ! feel+ ( /r5g?4 ,up to ! pres5t1 nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r has be5 taught2 b r virtue1 dis9t]e/$ness1 pity1 & ev5 ! negation ( life4 ,all ^! are values proce$+ f exhau/$ p4 ,aft] hav+ pond]$ ov] ! physiology ( exhau/ion = "s "t1 ,i 0 l$ to ! "q3 to :at ext5t ! judgm5ts ( exhau/$ p _h p]colat$ into ! _w ( values4 ,! result at :i* ,i arriv$ 0 z />tl+ z x c\ld possibly be--ev5 = "o l myself :o 0 already at home 9 _m a /range _w3 ,i f\nd t all prevail+ values--t is to say1 all ^? :i* _h ga9$ asc5dancy ov] humanity1 or at lea/ ov] its tam] portions1 c\ld be trac$ back to ! judgm5t ( exhau/$ p4 ,"u ! cov] ( ! holie/ names1 ,i f\nd ! mo/ de/ructive t5d5cies2 p _h actually giv5 ! "n ,god to all t r5d]s weak1 tea*es weakness1 & infects ) weakness4444 ,i f\nd t ! good man 0 a =m ( self-affirmation on ! "p ( decad5ce4 ,t virtue :i* ,s*op5hau] /ill proclaim$ z sup]ior to all1 & z ! mo/ fundam5tal ( all virtues2 ev5 t same pity ,i recognis$ z m dang]\s ?an any vice4 ,delib]ately to ?w>t ! law ( selection among species1 & _! natural means ( purg+ _! /ock ( deg5]ate memb]s--?is1 up to my "t1 _h be5 ! greate/ ( all virtues4444 ,"o %\ld d hon\r to ! fatality :i* says to ! feeble3 p]i%6 ,! oppos+ ( ?is fatality1 ! bot*+ ( mank9d & ! all[+ ( x to putrefy1 0 giv5 ! "n ,god ,"o %all n take ! "n ( ! ,"l "o's ,god 9 va94444 ,! race is corrupt$--n by its vices1 b by its ignorance3 x is corrupt$ because x has n recognis$ exhau/ion z exhau/ion3 physiological misund]/&+s are ! cause ( all evil4 ,virtue is our greate/ misund]/&+4 ,problem3 h[ 7 ! exhau/$ able to make ! laws ( values8 ,9 o!r words1 h[ did !y :o are ! la/1 come to p[]8444 ,h[ did ! in/9cts ( ! animal man ev] get to /& on _! heads8444 #d4 ,,! ,,crisis3 ,,nihilism ,,& ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,recurr5ce4 #ee4 ,extreme positions are n reliev$ by m mod]ate ones1 b by extreme opposite positions4 ,& ?us ! belief 9 ! utt] immorality ( nature1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( all purpose & s5se1 are psy*ologically necess>y attitudes :5 ! belief 9 ,god & 9 an ess5tially moral ord] ( ?+s is no long] t5able4 ,nihilism n[ appe>s1 n because ! sorr[s ( exi/5ce are great] ?an !y 7 =m]ly1 b because1 9 a g5]al way1 p h gr[n suspici\s ( ! mean+ :i* might be giv5 to evil & ev5 to exi/5ce4 ,"o int]pretation has be5 ov]?r[n3 b s9ce x 0 held to be ! int]pretation1 x seems z ?\gh !re 7 no mean+ 9 exi/5ce at all1 z ?\gh ev]y?+ 7 9 va94 999999 ,x yet rema9s to be %[n t ?is 9 va96 is ! "* ( pres5t ,nihilism4 ,! mi/ru/ ( our =m] valuations has increas$ to su* an ext5t t x has l$ to ! "q3 are n all 'values' m]ely allurem5ts prolong+ ! duration ( ! com$y1 )\t1 h[ev]1 br++ ! unravell+ any clos]8 ,! long p]iod ( "t :i* has culm9at$ 9 an 9 va91 )\t ei!r goal or purpose1 is ! mo/ p>alys+ ( ?\ghts1 m p>ticul>ly :5 "o sees t "o is dup$ )\t1 h[ev]1 be+ able to resi/ be+ dup$4 999999 ,let u imag9e ?is ?\ght 9 its wor/ =m3 exi/5ce1 z x is1 )\t ei!r a purpose or a goal1 b inevitably recurr+1 )\t an end 9 non5tity3 ,et]nal ,recurr5ce4 ,?is is ! extreme/ =m ( ,nihilism3 no?+ 7purposelessness7 et]nal6 ,european =m ( ,buddhism3 ! en]gy ( k & ( /r5g? drives u to su* a belief4 ,x is ! mo/ sci5tific ( all hypo!ses4 ,we d5y f9al purposes4 ,if exi/5ce _h a f9al purpose x w\ld h rea*$ x4 999999 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t :at is be+ aim$ at1 "h1 is a contradiction ( ,pan!ism3 = ev]y?+ p]fect1 div9e1 et]nal1 also leads to ! belief 9 ,et]nal ,recurr5ce4 ,"q3 has ?is pan!i/ic & affirmative attitude to all ?+s also be5 made possible by morality8 ,at bottom only ! moral ,god has be5 ov]come4 ,is !re any s5se 9 imag9+ a ,god beyond good & evil8 ,w\ld ,pan!ism 9 ?is s5se be possible8 ,d we )draw ! idea ( purpose f ! process1 & affirm ! process not)/&+8 ,?is 7 s if1 )9 t process1 some?+ 7 atta9$ e mom5t--& always ! same ?+4 ,sp9oza won an affirmative position ( ?is sort1 9 ! s5se t e mom5t1 accord+ to him1 has a logical necessity3 & he triumph$ by means ( 8 fundam5tally logical in/9ct ov] a l con=mation ( ! _w4 999999 ,b 8 case is exceptional4 ,if e fundam5tal trait ( "*1 :i* lies b5ea? e act1 & :i* f9ds expression 9 e act1 7 recognis$ by ! individual z 8 fundam5tal trait ( "*1 ?is individual w\ld be driv5 to reg>d e mom5t ( 8 exi/5ce 9 g5]al1 triumphantly z good4 ,x w\ld simply be necess>y = t fundam5tal trait ( "* to be felt 9 oneself z some?+ good1 valuable1 & pleasurable4 999999 ,n[1 9 ! case ( ^? m5 & classes ( m5 :o 7 treat$ ) viol5ce & oppress$ by _! fell[s1 morality sav$ life f despair & f ! leap into non5tity34 = impot5ce 9 relation to mank9d & n 9 relation to ,nature is :at g5]ates ! mo/ desp]ate bitt]ness t[>ds exi/5ce4 ,morality treat$ ! p[]ful1 ! viol5t1 & ! ma/]s 9 g5]al1 z enemies aga9/ :om ! common man mu/ be protect$--t is to say1 embold5$1 /r5g!n$4 ,morality has !re=e always taught ! mo/ pr(\nd hatr$ & contempt ( ! fundam5tal trait ( "* ( all rul]s--i4e41 _! ,w to ,p[]4 ,to suppress1 to d5y1 & to decompose ?is morality1 w\ld mean to reg>d ?is mo/ ?or\ghly dete/$ in/9ct ) ! rev]se ( ! old feel+ & valuation4 ,if ! suff]] & ! oppress$ man 7 to lose 8 belief 9 8 "r to contemn ! ,w to ,p[]1 8 position w\ld be desp]ate4 ,?is w\ld be s if ! trait above-m5tion$ 7 ess5tial to life1 9 :i* case x w\ld foll[ t ev5 t w to morality 0 only a cloak to ?is ,w to ,p[]1 z are also ev5 t hatr$ & contempt4 ,! oppress$ man w\ld !n p]ceive t he /&s on ! same plat=m ) ! oppressor1 & t he has no individual privilege1 nor any high] rank ?an ! latt]4 999999 ,on ! contr>y6 ,!re is no?+ on e>? :i* c h any value1 if x h n a modicum ( p[]--grant$1 ( c\rse1 t life itself is ! ,w to ,p[]4 ,morality protect$ ! bot*$ & bungl$ aga9/ ,nihilism1 9 t x gave e "o ( !m inf9ite wor?1 metaphysical wor?1 & class$ !m altoge!r 9 "o ord] :i* did n correspond ) t ( worldly p[] & ord] ( rank3 x taught submission1 humility1 etc4 ,admitt+ t ! belief 9 ?is morality be de/roy$1 ! bot*$ & ! bungl$ w\ld no long] h any com=t1 & w\ld p]i%4 ,?is p]i%+ seems l self-annihilation1 l an in/9ctive selection ( t :i* mu/ be de/roy$4 ,! symptoms ( ?is self-de/ruction ( ! bot*$ & ! bungl$3 self-vivisection1 poison+1 intoxication1 romanticism1 &1 above all1 ! in/9ctive con/ra9t to acts :]eby ! p[]ful are made into mortal enemies 7tra9+1 s to speak1 "o's own hangm571 ! w to de/ruction z ! w ( a /ill deep] in/9ct--( ! in/9ct ( self-de/ruction1 ( ! ,w to ,non5tity4 999999 ,nihilism is a sign t ! bot*$ & bungl$ 9 ord] to be de/roy$1 t1 hav+ be5 depriv$ ( morality1 !y no long] h any reason to resign !mselves1 t !y take up _! /& on ! t]ritory ( ! opposite pr9ciple1 & w also ex]cise p[] !mselves1 by compell+ ! p[]ful to become _! hangm54 ,?is is ! ,european =m ( ,buddhism1 t active negation1 aft] all exi/5ce has lo/ its mean+4 999999 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t pov]ty has gr[n m acute1 on ! contr>y6 ,god1 morality1 resignation 7 rem$ies 9 ! v deepe/ /ages ( mis]y3 active ,nihilism made its appe>ance 9 circum/ances :i* 7 relatively mu* m fav\rable4 ,! fact1 alone1 t morality is reg>d$ z ov]come1 presupposes a c]ta9 degree ( intellectual culture2 :ile ?is v culture1 = its "p1 be>s evid5ce to a c]ta9 relative well-be+4 ,a c]ta9 intellectual fatigue1 br\ght on by ! long /ruggle conc]n+ philosophical op9ions1 & c>ri$ to hopeless scepticism aga9/ philosophy1 %[s moreov] t ! level ( ^! ,nihili/s is by no means a l[ "o4 ,only ?9k ( ! conditions 9 :i* ,buddha appe>$6 ,! tea*+ ( ! et]nal recurr5ce w\ld h le>n$ pr9ciples to g ^u 7j z ,buddha's tea*+1 = in/ance1 _h ! notion ( causality1 etc474 999999 ,:at d we mean to-day by ! words bot*$ & bungl$8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y are us$ physiologically & n politically4 ,! unheal?ie/ k9d ( man all ov] ,europe 79 all classes7 is ! soil out ( :i* ,nihilism gr[s3 ?is species ( man w reg>d et]nal recurr5ce z damnation--once he is bitt5 by ! ?\ght1 he c no long] recoil be=e any action4 ,he w\ld n extirpate passively1 b w\ld cause ev]y?+ to be extirpat$ :i* is mean+less & )\t a goal to ?is ext5t2 al?\gh x is only a spasm1 or sort ( bl9d rage 9 ! pres5ce ( ! fact t ev]y?+ has exi/$ aga9 & aga9 = an et]nity--ev5 ?is p]iod ( ,nihilism & de/ruction4 ,! value ( su* a crisis is t x purifies1 t x unites simil> elem5ts1 & makes !m mutually de/ructive1 t x assigns common duties to m5 ( opposite p]suasions1 & br+s ! weak] & m unc]ta9 among !m to ! light1 ?us tak+ ! fir/ /ep t[>ds a new ord] ( rank among =ces f ! /&po9t ( heal?3 recognis+ comm&]s z comm&]s1 subord9ates z subord9ates4 ,naturally irrespective ( all ! pres5t =ms ( society4 999999 ,:at class ( m5 w prove !y are /ronge/ 9 ?is new ord] ( ?+s8 ,! mo/ mod]ate--!y :o d n require any extreme =ms ( belief1 !y :o n only admit (1 b actually l1 a c]ta9 modicum ( *ance & nons5se2 !y :o c ?9k ( man ) a v mod]ate view ( 8 value1 )\t becom+ weak & small on t acc\nt2 ! mo/ ri* 9 heal?1 :o are able to )/& a maximum am\nt ( sorr[1 & :o are !re=e n s v mu* afraid ( sorr[--m5 :o are c]ta9 ( _! p[]1 & :o repres5t ) consci\s pride ! /ate ( /r5g? to :i* man has atta9$4 999999 ,h[ c\ld su* a man ?9k ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce8 #ef4 ,! ,p]iods ( ,european ,nihilism4 ,! ,p]iod ( ,obscurity3 all k9ds ( grop+ measures devis$ to pres]ve old in/itutions & n to arre/ ! progress ( new ones4 ,! ,p]iod ( ,light3 m5 see t old & new are fundam5tal contr>ies2 t ! old values are born ( desc5d+ life1 & t ! new ones are born ( asc5d+ life--t all old ideals are unfri5dly to life 7born ( decad5ce & det]m9+ x1 h[ev] mu* !y may be deck$ out 9 ! ,sunday f9]y ( morality74 ,we und]/& ! old1 b are f> f be+ suffici5tly /rong = ! new4 ,! ,p]iods ( ! ,?ree ,great ,passions3 contempt1 pity1 de/ruction4 ,! ,p]iods ( ,cata/rophes3 ! rise ( a tea*+ :i* w sift mank9d 444 :i* drives ! weak to "s decision & ! /rong also4 ,,ii4 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,european ,,nihilism4 7a7 ,,mod]n ,,gloom9ess4 #eg4 ,my fri5ds1 we _h a h>d "t z y\?s2 we ev5 suff]$ f y\? itself z ?\gh x 7 a s]i\s disease4 ,?is is ow+ to ! age 9 :i* we 7 born--an age ( enorm\s int]nal decay & dis9tegration :i*1 ) all its weakness & ev5 ) ! be/ ( its /r5g?1 is oppos$ to ! _s ( y\?4 ,dis9tegration--t is to say1 unc]ta9ty--is peculi> to ?is age3 no?+ /&s on solid gr\nd or on a s\nd fai?4 ,p live = ! morr[1 because ! day-aft]-to-morr[ is d\btful4 ,all our road is slipp]y & dang]\s1 :ile ! ice :i* /ill be>s u has gr[n unconscionably ?93 we all feel ! mild & gruesome brea? ( ! ?aw-w9d--soon1 :]e we are walk+1 no "o w any long] be able to /&6 #eh4 ,if ?is is n an age ( decay & ( dim9i%+ vitality1 x is at lea/ "o ( indiscrim9ate & arbitr>y exp]im5talis+--& x is probable t out ( an excess ( abortive exp]im5ts !re has gr[n ?is g5]al impression1 z ( decay3 & p]haps decay itself4 #ei4 ,conc]n+ ! hi/ory ( mod]n gloom9ess4 ,! /ate-nomads 7(ficials1 etc473 homeless--4 ,! break-up ( ! family4 ,! good man z a symptom ( exhau/ion4 ,ju/ice z ,w to ,p[] 7,re>+74 ,lewdness & neurosis4 ,black music3 :i!r has real music gone8 ,! an>*i/4 ,contempt ( man1 loa?+4 ,mo/ pr(\nd di/9ction3 :e!r hung] or satiety is creative8 ,! fir/ creates ! ,ideals ( ,romanticism4 ,nor!rn unnaturalness4 ,! ne$ ( ,alcohol3 ! ne$ ( ! work+ classes4 ,philosophical ,nihilism4 #fj4 ,! sl[ advance & rise ( ! middle & l[] classes 7includ+ ! l[] k9d ( _s & body71 :i* 0 already well "u way be=e ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & w\ld h made ! same progress =w>d )\t ! latt]1--9 %ort1 !n1 ! prepond]ance ( ! h]d ov] all h]dsm5 & bell-we!rs1--br+s 9 its tra93-- 7#a7 ,gloom9ess ( _s 7! juxtaposition ( a /oical & a frivol\s appe>ance ( happ9ess1 peculi> to noble cultures1 is on ! decl9e2 mu* suff]+ is all[$ to be se5 & he>d :i* =m]ly 0 borne 9 concealm5t72 7#b7 ,moral hypocrisy 7a way ( di/+ui%+ oneself ?r\gh morality1 b by means ( ! values ( ! h]d3 pity1 solicitude1 mod]ation2 & n by means ( ^? virtues :i* are recognis$ & hon\r$ outside ! h]d's sph]e ( p[]72 7#c7 ,a really l>ge am\nt ( sympa?y ) bo? pa9 & joy 7a feel+ ( pleasure result+ f be+ h]d$ toge!r1 :i* is peculi> to all greg>i\s animals--public _s1 patriotism1 ev]y?+1 9 fact1 :i* is ap>t f ! individual74 #fa4 ,our age1 ) its indiscrim9ate endeav\rs to mitigate di/ress1 to hon\r x1 & to wage w> 9 advance ) unpleasant possibilities1 is an age ( ! poor4 ,our ri* p--!y are ! poore/6 ,! real purpose ( all weal? has be5 =gott54 #fb4 ,criticism ( mod]n man3--! good man1 b corrupt$ & misl$ by bad in/itutions 7tyrants & prie/s72--reason elevat$ to a position ( au?ority2--hi/ory is reg>d$ z ! surm\nt+ ( errors2--! future is reg>d$ z progress2--! ,*ri/ian /ate 7,god ( ! armies72--,*ri/ian sexual int]c\rse 7z m>riage72--! realm ( ju/ice 7! cult ( mank9d72--fre$om4 ,! romantic attitudes ( ! mod]n man2--! noble man 7,byron1 ,victor ,hugo1 ,george ,s&72--tak+ ! "p ( ! oppress$ & ! bungl$ & ! bot*$3 motto = hi/orians & romanc]s2--! ,/oics ( duty2--dis9t]e/$ness reg>d$ z art & z k2--altruism z ! mo/ m5daci\s =m ( egoism 7utilit>ianism71 ! mo/ s5tim5tal =m ( egoism4 ,all ?is sav\rs ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,b x _h o!r qualities :i* 7 n inh]it$1 namely1 a c]ta9 ins\ciance1 *e]fulness1 elegance1 spiritual cle>ness4 ,! spiritual tempo has alt]$2 ! pleasure :i* 0 begott5 by spiritual ref9em5t & cle>ness has giv5 room to ! pleasure ( col\r1 h>mony1 mass1 reality1 etc4 etc4 ,s5suality 9 spiritual ?+s4 ,9 %ort1 x is ! eighte5? c5tury ( ,r\sseau4 #fc4 ,tak5 all 9 all1 a consid]able am\nt ( humanity has be5 atta9$ by our m5 ( to-day4 ,t we feel ?is is 9 itself a pro( ( ! fact t we h become s s5sitive 9 reg>d to small cases ( di/ress1 t we some:at unju/ly ov]look :at has be5 a*iev$4 ,"h we mu/ make all[ances = ! fact t a great deal ( decad5ce is rife1 & t1 ?r\gh su* eyes1 our _w mu/ appe> bad & wret*$4 ,b ^! eyes h always se5 9 ! same way1 9 all ages4 7#a7 ,a c]ta9 hyp]s5sitiv5ess1 ev5 9 morality4 7#b7 ,! quantum ( bitt]ness & gloom9ess1 :i* pessimism be>s ) x 9 its judgm5ts--bo? toge!r h help$ to br+ ab\t ! prepond]ance ( ! o!r & opposite po9t ( view1 t ?+s are n well ) our morality4 ,! fact ( cr$it1 ( ! comm]ce ( ! _w1 & ! means ( traffic--are expressions ( an extraord9>ily mild tru/fulness 9 m54444 ,to t may also be add$-- 7#c7 ,! deliv]ance ( sci5ce f moral & religi\s prejudices3 a v good sign1 ?\gh = ! mo/ "p misund]/ood4 ,9 my own way1 ,i am attempt+ a ju/ification ( hi/ory4 #fd4 ,! second appe>ance ( ,buddhism4--,its precursory signs3 ! increase ( pity4 ,spiritual exhau/ion4 ,! r$uction ( all problems to ! "q ( pleasure & pa94 ,! glory ( w> :i* calls =? a c\nt]-/roke4 ,j z ! %>p dem>cation ( nations g5]ates a c\nt]-movem5t 9 ! =m ( ! mo/ he>ty ,frat]nity4 ,! fact t x is impossible = religion to c>ry on its "w any long] ) dogma & fables4 ,! cata/rophe ( ,nihilism w put an end to all ?is ,buddhi/ic culture4 #fe4 ,t :i* is mo/ sorely afflict$ to-day is ! in/9ct & w ( tradition3 all in/itutions :i* owe _! orig9 to ?is in/9ct1 are oppos$ to ! ta/es ( ! age4444 ,at bottom1 no?+ is ?\ght or done :i* is n calculat$ to te> up ?is _s ( tradition by ! roots4 ,tradition is look$ ^u z a fatality2 x is /udi$ & ackn[l$g$ 79 ! =m ( h]$ity71 b p w n h any?+ to d ) x4 ,! ext5sion ( "o w ov] long p]iods ( "t1 ! selection ( conditions & valuations :i* make x possible to dispose ( c5turies 9 advance--?is1 precisely1 is :at is mo/ utt]ly anti-mod]n4 ,f :i* x foll[s1 t disorganis+ pr9ciples give our age its specific "*4 #ff4 ,be simple--a dem& :i*1 :5 made to u complicat$ & incompreh5sible tri]s ( ! he>t & re9s1 is a simple absurdity4444 ,be natural3 b ev5 if we are unnatural--:at !n8 #fg4 ,! means employ$ 9 =m] times 9 ord] to arrive at simil>ly con/itut$ & la/+ types1 ?r\gh\t long g5]ations3 entail$ prop]ty & ! respect ( p>5ts 7! orig9 ( ! fai? 9 gods & h]oes z ance/ors74 ,n[1 ! subdivision ( prop]ty belongs to ! opposite t5d5cy4 ,! c5tralisation ( an enorm\s numb] (1 diff]5t int]e/s 9 "o s\l3 :i*1 to t end1 mu/ be v /rong & mutable4 #fh4 ,:y does ev]y?+ become mumm]y4--,! mod]n man is lack+ 9 unfail+ in/9ct 7in/9ct be+ und]/ood "h to mean t :i* is ! outcome ( a long p]iod ( activity 9 ! same occupation on ! "p ( "o family ( m572 ! incapability ( produc+ any?+ p]fect1 is simply ! result ( ?is lack ( in/9ct3 "o individual alone _c make up = ! s*ool+ 8 ance/ors %\ld h transmitt$ to him4 ,:at a morality or book ( law creates3 t deep in/9ct :i* r5d]s automatism & p]fection possible 9 life & 9 "w4 ,b n[ we h rea*$ ! opposite po9t2 yes1 we want$ to rea* x--! mo/ extreme consci\sness1 ?r\gh introspection on ! "p ( man & ( hi/ory3 & ?us we are practically mo/ di/ant f p]fection 9 ,be+1 do+1 & will+3 our desires--ev5 our w to k--%[s h[ prodigi\sly decad5t we are4 ,we are /riv+ aft] ! v rev]se ( :at /rong races & /rong natures w h--und]/&+ is an end4444 ,t ,sci5ce is possible 9 ! way 9 :i* x is practis$ to-day1 proves t all elem5t>y in/9cts1 ! in/9cts :i* w>d (f dang] & protect life1 are no long] active4 ,we no long] save1 we are m]ely sp5d+ ! capital ( our =efa!rs1 ev5 9 ! way 9 :i* we pursue k4 #fi4 ,nihili/ic trait4 7a7 ,9 ! natural sci5ces 7purposelessness71 causality1 me*anism1 con=mity to law1 an int]val1 a remnant4 7b7 ,likewise 9 politics3 ! individual lacks ! belief 9 8 own "r1 innoc5ce2 falsehood rules supreme1 z also ! wor%ip ( ! mom5t4 7d7 ,likewise 9 political economy3 ! abolition ( slav]y3 ! lack ( a r$eem+ class1 & ( "o :o ju/ifies--! rise ( an>*y4 ,education8 7d7 ,likewise 9 hi/ory3 fatalism1 ,d>w9ism2 ! la/ attempts at reconcil+ reason & ,godl9ess fail4 ,s5tim5tality 9 reg>d to ! pa/3 biographies c no long] be endur$6 7,ph5om5alism ev5 "h3 "* reg>d$ z a mask2 !re are no facts47 7e7 ,likewise 9 ,art3 romanticism & its c\nt]-/roke 7repugnance t[>ds romantic ideals & lies74 ,! latt]1 morally1 z a s5se ( greate/ tru?fulness1 b pessimi/ic4 ,pure arti/s 7indiff]5ce z to ! subject74 7,! psy*ology ( ! fa!r-confessor & puritanical psy*ology--two =ms ( psy*ological romanticism3 b also _! c\nt]-/roke1 ! attempt to ma9ta9 a purely arti/ic attitude t[>ds m5--b ev5 9 ?is respect no "o d>es to make ! opposite valuation47 #gj4 ,aga9/ ! tea*+ ( ! influ5ce ( environm5t & ext]nal causes3 ! p[] com+ f inside is inf9itely sup]ior2 mu* t appe>s l influ5ce act+ f )\t is m]ely ! subjection ( environm5t to ?is inn] p[]4 ,precisely ! same environm5t may be us$ & int]pret$ 9 opposite ways3 !re are no facts4 ,a g5ius is n expla9$ by su* !ories conc]n+ orig9s4 #ga4 ,mod]nity reg>d$ 9 ! light ( nutrition & dige/ion4 ,s5sitiv5ess is inf9itely m acute 7b5ea? moral ve/m5ts3 ! increase ( pity71 ! abundance ( diff]5t impressions is great] ?an ev]4 ,! cosmopolitanism ( articles ( diet1 ( lit]ature1 newspap]s1 =ms1 ta/es1 & ev5 l&scapes4 ,! spe$ ( ?is afflu5ce is pre/issimo2 impressions are wip$ out1 & p in/9ctively gu>d aga9/ assimilat+ any?+ or aga9/ tak+ any?+ s]i\sly & dige/+ x2 ! result is a weak5+ ( ! p[]s ( dige/ion4 ,!re beg9 a sort ( adaptation to ?is accumulation ( impressions4 ,man unle>ns ! art ( do+1 & all he does is to react to /imuli com+ f 8 environm5t4 ,he sp5ds 8 /r5g?1 p>tly 9 ! process ( assimilation1 p>tly 9 def5d+ himself1 & aga9 p>tly 9 respond+ to /imuli4 ,pr(\nd enfeeblem5t ( spontaneity3--! hi/orian1 ! critic1 ! analy/1 ! int]pret]1 ! obs]v]1 ! collector1 ! read]1--all reactive tal5ts1--all sci5ce6 ,artificial modification ( "o's own nature 9 ord] to make x resemble a mirror2 "o is int]e/$1 b only epid]mally3 ?is is sy/ematic coolness1 equilibrium1 a /eady l[ temp]ature1 j b5ea? ! ?9 surface on :i* w>m?1 movem5t1 /orm1 & undulations play4 ,opposition ( ext]nal mobility to a c]ta9 dead heav9ess & fatigue4 #gb4 ,:]e mu/ our mod]n _w be class$--"u exhau/ion or "u increas+ /r5g?8 ,its multi=mity & lack ( repose are br\ght ab\t by ! highe/ =m ( consci\sness4 #gc4 ,ov]work1 curiosity & sympa?y--our mod]n vices4 #gd4 ,a contribution to ! *>act]isation ( ,mod]nity4--,exagg]at$ developm5t ( int]m$iate =ms2 ! decay ( types2 ! break-up ( tradition1 s*ools2 ! pr$om9ance ( ! in/9cts 7philosophically prep>$3 ! unconsci\s has ! great] value7 aft] ! appe>ance ( ! enfeeblem5t ( w p[] & ( ! w to an end & to ! means !reto4 #ge4 ,a capable artisan or s*ol> cuts a good figure if he h 8 pride 9 8 art1 & looks pleasantly & cont5t$ly ^u life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is no sight m wret*$ ?an t ( a cobbl] or a s*oolma/] :o1 ) ! air ( a m>tyr1 gives "o to und]/& t he 0 really born = some?+ bett]4 ,!re is no?+ bett] ?an :at is good6 & t is3 to h a c]ta9 k9d ( capacity & to use x4 ,?is is virt 9 ! ,italian /yle ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,n[adays1 :5 ! /ate has a nons5sically ov]siz$ belly1 9 all fields & bran*es ( "w !re are repres5tatives ov] & above ! real workman3 = in/ance1 9 addition to ! s*ol>s1 !re are ! j\rnali/s2 9 addition to ! suff]+ masses1 !re is a cr[d ( jabb]+ & bragg+ ne'er-d-wells :o repres5t t suff]+--n to speak ( ! pr(essional politicians :o1 ?\gh q satisfi$ ) _! lot1 /& up 9 ,p>liam5t &1 ) /rong lungs1 repres5t grievances4 ,our mod]n life is extremely exp5sive1 ?anks to ! ho/ ( middlem5 t infe/ x2 :]eas 9 ! city ( antiquity1 & 9 _m a city ( ,spa9 & ,italy to-day1 :]e !re is an e*o ( ! anci5t _s1 ! man himself comes =w>d & w h no?+ to d ) a repres5tative or an int]m$i>y 9 ! mod]n /yle--except p]haps to kick him h5ce6 #gf4 ,! pre-em95ce ( ! m]*ant & ! middleman1 ev5 9 ! mo/ intellectual sph]es3 ! j\rnali/1 ! repres5tative1 ! hi/orian 7z an int]m$i>y betwe5 ! pa/ & ! pres5t71 ! exotic & cosmopolitan1 ! middleman betwe5 natural sci5ce & philosophy1 ! semi-!ologians4 #gg4 ,! m5 ,i h reg>d$ ) ! mo/ loa?+1 h]et(ore1 are ! p>asites ( intellect3 !y are to be f\nd ev]y:]e1 already1 9 our mod]n ,europe1 & z a matt] ( fact _! consci5ce is z light z x possibly c be4 ,!y may be a little turbid1 & sav\r some:at ( ,pessimism1 b 9 ! ma9 !y are voraci\s1 dirty1 dirty+1 /eal?y1 ins9uat+1 light-f+]$ g5try1 scabby--& z innoc5t z all small s9n]s & microbes are4 ,!y live at ! exp5se ( ^? :o h intellect & :o di/ribute x lib]ally3 !y "k t x is peculi> to ! ri* m9d to live 9 a dis9t]e/$ fa%ion1 )\t tak+ too mu* petty ?\ght = ! morr[1 & to di/ribute its weal? prodigally4 ,= intellect is a bad dome/ic economi/1 & pays no he$ :atev] to ! fact t ev]y?+ lives on x & dev\rs x4 #gh4 ,,mod]n ,,mumm]y ,! motleyness ( mod]n m5 & its *>m ,ess5tially a mask & a sign ( bor$om4 ,! j\rnali/4 ,! political man 79 ! national sw9dle74 ,mumm]y 9 ! arts3-- ,! lack ( hone/y 9 prep>+ & s*ool+ oneself = !m 7,from5t972 ,! ,romantici/s 7_! lack ( philosophy & sci5ce & _! excess 9 lit]ature72 ,! noveli/s 7,walt] ,scott1 b also ! mon/]s ( ! ,nibelung1 ) _! inord9ately n]v\s music72 ,! lyrici/s4 ,sci5tifically4 ,virtuosos 7,jews74 ,! popul> ideals are ov]come1 b n yet 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p3 ,! sa9t1 ! sage1 ! prophet4 #gi4 ,! want ( discipl9e 9 ! mod]n _s conceal$ b5ea? all k9ds ( moral f9]y4--,! %[-words are3 ,tol]ation 7= ! incapacity ( say+ yes or no72 la l>geur de sympa?ie 7 a ?ird ( indiff]5ce1 a ?ird ( curiosity1 & a ?ird ( morbid susceptibility72 objectivity 7! lack ( p]sonality & ( w1 & ! inability to love72 fre$om 9 reg>d to ! rule 7,romanticism72 tru? z oppos$ to falsehood & ly+ 7,naturalism72 ! sci5tific _s 7! human docum5t3 or1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 ! s]ial /ory :i* means addition--in/ead ( composition72 passion 9 ! place ( disord] & intemp]ance2 dep? 9 ! place ( confusion & ! pell-mell ( symbols4 #hj4 ,conc]n+ ! criticism ( big words4--,i am full ( mi/ru/ & malice t[>ds :at is call$ ideal3 ?is is my ,pessimism1 t ,i h recognis$ to :at ext5t sublime s5tim5ts are a s\rce ( evil--t is to say1 a belittl+ & depreciat+ ( man4 ,e "t progress is expect$ to result f an ideal1 disappo9tm5t inv>iably foll[s2 ! triumph ( an ideal has always be5 a retrograde movem5t4 ,*ri/ianity1 revolution1 ! abolition ( slav]y1 equal rights1 philan?ropy1 love ( peace1 ju/ice1 tru?3 all ^! big words are only valuable 9 a /ruggle1 z bann]s3 n z realities1 b z %[-words1 = some?+ q diff]5t 7yea1 ev5 q oppos$ to :at !y mean674 #ha4 ,! k9d ( man is kn[n :o has fall5 9 love ) ! s5t5ce t\t compr5dre e/ t\t p>donn] ,x is ! weak &1 above all1 ! disillusion$3 if !re is some?+ to p>don 9 ev]y?+1 !re is also some?+ to contemn6 ,x is ! philosophy ( disappo9tm5t1 :i* "h swa!s itself s humanly 9 pity1 & gazes out s sweetly4 ,!y are ,romantici/s1 ^: fai? has gone to pot3 n[ !y at lea/ wi% to look on & see h[ ev]y?+ vani%es & fades4 ,!y call x l'art p\r l'art1 objectivity1 etc4 #hb4 ,! ma9 symptoms ( ,pessimism3--,d9n]s at ,magny's2 ,russian ,pessimism 7,tol/oy1 ,do/oiewsky72 /hetic ,pessimism1 l'art p\r l'art1 description 7! romantic & ! anti-romantic ,pessimism72 ,pessimism 9 ! !ory ( k 7,s*op5hau]3 ph5om5alism72 an>*ical ,pessimism2 ! religion ( pity1 ,buddhi/ic prep>ation2 ! ,pessimism ( culture 7exoticness1 cosmopolitanism72 moral ,pessimism1 myself4 #hc4 ,)\t ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? said ,pascal1 y w\ld y\rselves be l nature & hi/ory1 un mon/re et un *aos4 ,we fulfill$ ?is prophecy3 once ! weak & optimi/ic eighte5? c5tury _h embelli%$ & rationalis$ man4 ,s*op5hau] & ,pascal4--,i none ess5tial po9t1 ,s*op5hau] is ! fir/ :o takes up ,pascal's movem5t aga93 un mon/re et un *aos1 consequ5tly some?+ t mu/ be negativ$ 444 hi/ory1 nature1 & man himself6 ,our inability to "k ! tru? is ! result ( our corruption1 ( our moral decay says ,pascal4 ,& ,s*op5hau] says ess5tially ! same4 ,! m pr(\nd ! corruption ( reason is1 ! m necess>y is ! doctr9e ( salvation--or1 putt+ x into ,s*op5hau]ian phraseology1 negation4 #hd4 ,s*op5hau] z an epigone 7/ate ( affairs be=e ! ,revolution73--,pity1 s5suality1 art1 weakness ( w1 ,ca?olicism ( ! mo/ intellectual desires--t is1 at bottom1 ! good old eighte5? c5tury4 ,s*op5hau]'s fundam5tal misund]/&+ ( ! w 7j z ?\gh passion1 in/9ct1 & desire 7 ! ess5tial factors ( w7 is typical3 ! depreciation ( ! w to ! ext5t ( mi/ak+ x altoge!r4 ,likewise ! hatr$ ( will+3 ! attempt at see+ some?+ sup]ior--yea1 ev5 sup]iority itself1 & t :i* really matt]s1 9 non-will+1 9 ! subject-be+ )\t aim or int5tion4 ,great symptom ( fatigue or ( ! weakness ( w3 = ?is1 9 reality1 is :at treats ! passions z ma/]1 & directs !m z to ! way & to ! measure4444 #he4 ,! undignifi$ attempt has be5 made to reg>d ,wagn] & ,s*op5hau] z types ( ! m5tally uns\nd3 an inf9itely m ess5tial und]/&+ ( ! matt] w\ld h be5 ga9$ if ! exact decad5t type :i* ea* ( !m repres5ts _h be5 sci5tifically & accurately def9$4 #hf4 ,9 my op9ion1 ,h5rik ,ibs5 has become v ,g]man4 ,) all 8 robu/ idealism & ,w to ,tru?1 he nev] d>$ to r+ himself free f moral-illusionism :i* says fre$om1 & w n admit1 ev5 to itself1 :at fre$om is3 ! second /age 9 ! metamorphosis ( ! ,w to ,p[] 9 him :o lacks x4 ,9 ! fir/ /age1 "o dem&s ju/ice at ! h&s ( ^? :o h p[]4 ,9 ! second1 "o speaks ( fre$om1 t is to say1 "o wi%es to %ake oneself free f ^? :o h p[]4 ,9 ! ?ird /age1 "o speaks ( equal rights--t is to say1 s long z "o is n a pr$om9ant p]sonality "o wi%es to prev5t "o's competitors f gr[+ 9 p[]4 #hg4 ,! ,decl9e ( ,prote/antism3 !oretically & hi/orically und]/ood z a half-measure4 ,und5iable pr$om9ance ( ,ca?olicism to-day3 ,prote/ant feel+ is s dead t ! /ronge/ anti-,prote/ant movem5ts 7,wagn]'s ,p>sifal1 = in/ance7 are no long] reg>d$ z su*4 ,! :ole ( ! m elevat$ intellectuality 9 ,france is ,ca?olic 9 in/9ct2 ,bism>ck recognis$ t !re 0 no long] any su* ?+ z ,prote/antism4 #hh4 ,prote/antism1 t spiritually unclean & tiresome =m ( decad5ce1 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity has kn[n h[ to survive 9 ! m$iocre ,nor?1 is some?+ incomplete & complexly valuable = k1 9 s f> z x 0 able to br+ exp]i5ces ( diff]5t k9ds & orig9s into ! same heads4 #hi4 ,:at has ! ,g]man _s n made out ( ,*ri/ianity6 ,&1 to ref] to ,prote/antism aga91 h[ mu* be] is !re n /ill 9 ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity6 ,c a crass]1 m indol5t1 & m l\ng+ =m ( ,*ri/ian belief be imag9$1 ?an t ( ! av]age ,g]man ,prote/ant8444 ,x is inde$ a v humble ,*ri/ianity4 ,i call x ! ,homopa?y ( ,*ri/ianity6 ,i am rem9d$ t1 to-day1 !re also exi/s a less humble sort ( ,prote/antism2 x is taught by royal *apla9s & anti-,semitic speculators3 b nobody has ev] ma9ta9$ t any _s hov]s ov] ^! wat]s4 ,x is m]ely a less respectable =m ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 n by any means a m compreh5sible "o4 #ij4 ,progress4--,let u be on our gu>d le/ we deceive ourselves6 ,"t flies =w>d apace1--we w\ld fa9 believe t ev]y?+ flies =w>d ) x1--t evolution is an advanc+ developm5t4444 ,t is ! appe>ance ( ?+s :i* deceives ! mo/ circumspect4 ,b ! n9ete5? c5tury %[s no advance :atev] on ! sixte5?3 & ! ,g]man _s ( #ahhh is an example ( a backw>d movem5t :5 comp>$ ) t ( #aghh4444 ,mank9d does n advance1 x does n ev5 exi/4 ,! aspect ( ! :ole is mu* m l t ( a huge exp]im5t+ work%op :]e "s ?+s 9 all ages succe$1 :ile an incalculable numb] ( ?+s fail2 :]e all ord]1 logic1 co-ord9ation1 & responsibility is lack+4 ,h[ d>e we bl9k ! fact t ! rise ( ,*ri/ianity is a decad5t movem5t8--t ! ,g]man ,re=mation 0 a recrudesc5ce ( ,*ri/ian b>b>ism8--t ! ,revolution de/roy$ ! in/9ct = an organisation ( society on a l>ge scale8444 ,man is n an example ( progress z comp>$ ) animals3 ! t5d] son ( culture is an abortion comp>$ ) ! ,arab or ! ,corsican2 ! ,*9aman is a m successful type--t is to say1 ri*] 9 su/a9+ p[] ?an ! ,european4 7b7 ,,! ,,la/ ,,c5turies4 #ia4 ,gloom9ess & pessimi/ic influ5ce necess>ily foll[ 9 ! wake ( enlight5m5t4 ,t[>ds #aggj a fall+-(f 9 *e]fulness 0 already noticeable2 wom51 ) t v fem99e in/9ct :i* always def5ds virtue1 believ$ t immorality 0 ! cause ( x4 ,galiani hit ! bull's eye3 he quotes ,voltaire's v]se3 ,un mon/re gai vaut mieux ,qu'un s5tim5tal ennuyeux4 ,if n[ ,i ma9ta9 t ,i am ahead1 by a c5tury or two ( enlight5m5t1 ( ,voltaire & ,galiani--:o 0 mu* m pr(\nd1 h[ deeply mu/ ,i h sunk into gloom9ess6 ,?is is also true1 & betimes ,i some:at reluctantly manife/$ "s caution 9 reg>d to ! ,g]man & ,*ri/ian n>r[ness & inconsi/5cy ( ,s*op5hau]ian or1 worse /ill1 ,leop>dian ,pessimism1 & s\ght ! mo/ *>act]i/ic =m 7,asia74 ,b1 9 ord] to endure t extreme ,pessimism 7:i* "h & !re peeps out ( my ,bir? ( ,trag$y71 to live alone )\t ,god or morality1 ,i 0 compell$ to inv5t a c\nt]-prop = myself4 ,p]haps ,i "k be/ :y man is ! only animal t laughs3 he alone surf]s s excruciat+ly t he 0 compell$ to inv5t laught]4 ,! unhappie/ & mo/ melan*oly animal is1 z might h be5 expect$1 ! mo/ *e]ful4 #ib4 ,9 reg>d to ,g]man culture1 ,i h always _h a feel+ z ( decl9e4 ,! fact t ,i le>n$ to "k a decl9+ =m ( culture has (t5 made me unfair t[>ds ! :ole ph5om5on ( ,european culture4 ,! ,g]mans always foll[ at "s di/ance beh9d3 !y always g to ! root ( ?+s1 = in/ance3-- ,dep5dance ^u =eign]s2 ,kant--,r\sseau1 ! s5suali/s1 ,hume1 ,sw$5borg4 ,s*op5hau]--! ,indians & ,romanticism1 ,voltaire4 ,wagn]--! ,fr5* cult ( ! ugly & ( gr& op]a1 ,p>is1 & ! flight into primitive b>b>ism 7! m>riage ( bro!r & si/]74 ,! law ( ! lagg>d 7! prov9ces g to ,p>is1 ,g]many goes to ,france74 ,h[ is x t precisely ,g]mans discov]$ ! ,greek 7! m an in/9ct is develop$1 ! m x is tempt$ to run = once into its opposite74 ,music is ! la/ brea? ( e culture4 #ic4 ,r5aissance & ,re=mation4--,:at does ! ,r5aissance prove8 ,t ! reign ( ! individual c be only a %ort "o4 ,! output is too great2 !re is n ev5 ! possibility ( husb&+ or ( capitalis+ =ces1 & exhau/ion sets 9 /ep by /ep4 ,^! are times :5 ev]y?+ is squ&]$1 :5 ev5 ! /r5g? itself ) :i* "o collects1 capitalises1 & heaps ri*es ^u ri*es1 is squ&]$4 ,ev5 ! oppon5ts ( su* movem5ts are driv5 to prepo/]\s extremes 9 ! dissipation ( _! /r5g?3 & !y too are v soon exhau/$1 us$ up1 & completely sapp$4 ,9 ! ,re=mation we are face to face ) a wild & plebeian c\nt]p>t ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 g5]at$ by simil> impulses1 except t ! =m]1 9 ! backw>d & /ill vulg> ,nor?1 _h to assume a religi\s =m--!re ! concept ( a high] life _h n yet be5 divorc$ f t ( a religi\s "o4 ,ev5 ! ,re=mation 0 a movem5t = individual lib]ty2 e "o 8 own prie/ is really no m ?an a =mula = lib]t9age4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! words ,evangelical fre$om w\ld h suffic$--& all in/9cts :i* _h reasons = rema9+ conceal$ broke out l wild h\nds1 ! mo/ brutal ne$s sudd5ly acquir$ ! c\rage to %[ !mselves1 ev]y?+ seem$ ju/ifi$ 444 m5 refus$ to specify ! k9d ( fre$om !y _h aim$ at1 !y pref]r$ to %ut _! eyes4 ,b ! fact t _! eyes 7 clos$ & t _! lips 7 moi/5$ ) gu%+ orations1 did n prev5t _! h&s f be+ ready to snat* at :atev] !re 0 to snat* at1 t ! belly became ! god ( ! free gospel1 & t all lu/s ( rev5ge & ( hatr$ 7 indulg$ ) insatiable fury4 ,?is la/$ = a :ile3 !n exhau/ion sup]v5$1 j z x _h done 9 ,s\!rn ,europe2 & aga9 "h1 x 0 a l[ =m ( exhau/ion1 a sort ( g5]al ru]e 9 s]vitium4444 ,!n ! disreputable c5tury ( ,g]many dawn$4 #id4 ,*ivalry--! position won by p[]3 its gradual break-up 7& p>tial transf]5ce to broad] & m b\rgeois sph]es74 ,9 ! case ( ,l>o*ef\cauld we f9d a k ( ! actual impulses ( a noble temp]am5t--toge!r ) ! gloomy ,*ri/ian e/imate ( ^! impulses4 ,! protraction ( ,*ri/ianity ?r\gh ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,! s$uc] is ,r\sseau2 he once aga9 lib]ates woman1 :o !nce=w>d is always repres5t$ z ev] m int]e/+--suff]+4 ,!n come ! slaves & ,mrs4 ,bee*]-,/[e4 ,!n ! poor & ! workm54 ,!n ! vici\s & ! sick--all ?is is drawn into ! =egr\nd 7ev5 = ! purpose ( dispos+ p 9 fav\r ( ! g5ius1 x has be5 cu/om>y = five hundr$ ye>s to press him =w>d z ! great suff]]674 ,!n comes ! curs+ ( all voluptu\sness 7,baudelaire & ,s*op5hau]71 ! mo/ decid$ conviction t ! lu/ ( p[] is ! greate/ vice2 absolute c]ta9ty t morality & dis9t]e/$ness are id5tical ?+s2 t ! happ9ess ( all is a goal wor? /riv+ aft] 7i4e41 ,*ri/'s ,k+dom ( ,heav574 ,we are on ! be/ road to x3 ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 ( ! poor 9 _s has begun4--,int]m$iate /ages3 ! b\rgeois 7z a result ( ! n\veau ri*e7 & ! workman 7z a result ( ! ma*9e74 ,greek & ,fr5* culture ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 comp>$4 ,a decid$ belief 9 oneself4 ,a leisure-class :i* makes ?+s h>d = itself & ex]cises a great deal ( self-control4 ,! p[] ( =m1 ! w to =m oneself4 ,happ9ess ackn[l$g$ z a purpose4 ,mu* /r5g? & en]gy beh9d all =mality ( mann]s4 ,pleasure at ! sight ( a life t is seem+ly s easy4 ,! ,greeks seem$ l *ildr5 to ! ,fr5*4 #ie4 ,! ,?ree ,c5turies4 ,_! diff]5t k9ds ( s5sitiv5ess may p]haps be be/ express$ z foll[s3-- ,ari/ocracy3 ,desc>tes1 ! reign ( reason1 evid5ce %[+ ! sov]eignty ( ! w4 ,fem9ism3 ,r\sseau1 ! reign ( feel+1 evid5ce %[+ ! sov]eignty ( ! s5ses2 all lies4 ,animalism3 ,s*op5hau]1 ! reign ( passion1 evid5ce %[+ ! sov]eignty ( animality1 m hone/1 b gloomy4 ,! sev5te5? c5tury is ari/ocratic1 all = ord]1 haughty t[>ds ev]y?+ animal1 sev]e 9 reg>d to ! he>t1 au/]e1 & ev5 free f s5tim5t1 non-,g]man1 av]se to all t is burlesque & natural1 g5]alis+ & ma9ta9+ an attitude ( sov]eignty t[>ds ! pa/ = x believes 9 itself4 ,at bottom x p>takes v mu* ( ! bea/ ( prey1 & practises asceticism 9 ord] to rema9 ma/]4 ,x is ! c5tury ( /r5g? ( w1 z also t ( /rong passion4 ,! eighte5? c5tury is dom9at$ by woman1 x is gu%+1 spiritual1 & flat2 b ) intellect at ! s]vice ( aspirations & ( ! he>t1 x is a lib]t9e 9 ! pleasures ( intellect1 und]m9+ all au?orities2 emotionally intoxicat$1 *e]ful1 cle>1 humane1 & sociable1 false to itself & at bottom v rascally4444 ,! n9ete5? c5tury is m animal1 m subt]ranean1 hateful1 reali/ic1 plebeian1 & on t v acc\nt bett]1 m hone/1 m submissive to reality ( :at k9d soev]1 & tru]2 b weak ( w1 sad1 obscurely exact+ & fatali/ic4 ,x has no feel+ ( timidity or rev]5ce1 ei!r 9 ! pres5ce ( reason or ! he>t2 ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( ! dom9ion ( ! desires 7,s*op5hau] said ,w1 b no?+ is m *>act]i/ic ( 8 philosophy ?an t x entirely lacks all actual will+74 ,ev5 morality is r$uc$ to an in/9ct 7,pity74 ,augu/e ,comte is ! cont9uation ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7! dom9ion ( ! he>t ov] ! head1 s5suality 9 ! !ory ( k1 altrui/ic exaltation74 ,! fact t sci5ce has become z sov]eign z x is to-day1 proves h[ ! n9ete5? c5tury has emancipat$ itself f ! dom9ion ( ideals4 ,a c]ta9 abs5ce ( ne$s & wi%es makes our sci5tific curiosity & rig\r possible--?is is our k9d ( virtue4 ,romanticism is ! c\nt]/roke ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 a sort ( accumulat$ long+ = its gr& /yle ( exaltation 7z a matt] ( fact1 l>gely m+l$ ) mumm]y & self-deception3 ! desire 0 to repres5t /rong nature & /rong passion74 ,! n9ete5? c5tury in/9ctively goes 9 se>* ( !ories by means ( :i* x may feel its fatali/ic1 submission to ! empire ( facts ju/ifi$4 ,hegel's success aga9/ s5tim5tality & romantic idealism 0 already a sign ( its fatali/ic tr5d ( ?\ght1 9 its belief t sup]ior reason belongs to ! triumphant side1 & 9 its ju/ification ( ! actual /ate 79 ! place ( humanity1 etc474--,s*op5hau]3 we are some?+ fooli%1 & at ! be/ self-suppressive4 ,! success ( det]m9ism1 ! g5ealogical d]ivation ( obligations :i* 7 =m]ly held to be absolute1 ! tea*+ ( environm5t & adaptation1 ! r$uction ( w to a process ( reflex movem5t1 ! d5ial ( ! w z a work+ cause2 f9ally--a real process ( re-*ri/5+3 s little w is obs]v$ t ! ^w itself becomes available = ano!r purpose4 ,fur!r !ories3 ! tea*+ ( objectivity1 w-less contemplation1 z ! only road to tru?1 z also to beauty 7also ! belief 9 g5ius1 9 ord] to h ! "r to be submissive72 me*anism1 ! det]m9able rigidity ( ! me*anical process2 s-call$ ,naturalism1 ! elim9ation ( ! *oos+1 direct+1 int]pret+ subject1 on pr9ciple4 ,kant1 ) 8 practical reason1 ) 8 moral fanaticism1 is q eighte5? c5tury /yle2 /ill completely outside ! hi/orical movem5t1 )\t any notion :atsoev] ( ! reality ( 8 "t1 = in/ance1 revolution2 he is n affect$ by ,greek philosophy2 he is a phantasi/ ( ! notion ( duty1 a s5suali/ ) a hidd5 lean+ to dogmatic pamp]+4 ,! return to ,kant 9 our c5tury means a return to ! eighte5? c5tury1 p desire to create !mselves a "r to ! old ideas & to ! old exaltation--h5ce a !ory ( k :i* describes limits1 t is to say1 :i* admits ( ! option ( fix+ a ,beyond to ! doma9 ( reason4 ,hegel's way ( ?9k+ is n s v f> remov$ f t ( ,goe!3 see ! latt] on ! subject ( ,sp9oza1 = in/ance4 ,! w to deify ! ,all & ,life1 9 ord] to f9d bo? peace & happ9ess 9 contemplat+ !m3 ,hegel looks = reason ev]y:]e--9 ! pres5ce ( reason man may be submissive & resign$4 ,9 ,goe! we f9d a k9d ( fatalism :i* is almo/ joy\s & confid+1 :i* nei!r revolts nor weak5s1 :i* /rives to make a totality out ( itself1 9 ! belief t only 9 totality does ev]y?+ seem good & ju/ifi$1 & f9d itself resolv$4 #if4 ,! p]iod ( rationalism--foll[$ by a p]iod ( s5tim5tality4 ,to :at ext5t does ,s*op5hau] come "u s5tim5tality8 7,hegel "u intellectuality87 #ig4 ,! sev5te5? c5tury suff]s f humanity z f a ho/ ( contradictions 7l'amas de contradictions t we are72 x endeav\rs to discov] man1 to co-ord9ate him1 to excavate him3 :]eas ! eighte5? c5tury tries to =get :at is kn[n ( man's nature1 9 ord] to adapt him to its ,utopia4 ,sup]ficial1 s(t1 humane--gu%es ov] humanity4 ,! sev5te5? c5tury tries to bani% all traces ( ! individual 9 ord] t ! arti/'s "w may resemble life z mu* z possible4 ,! eighte5? c5tury /rives to create int]e/ 9 ! au?or by means ( ! "w4 ,! sev5te5? c5tury seeks art 9 art1 a piece ( culture2 ! eighte5? uses art 9 its propag&a = political & social re=ms4 ,utopia1 ! ideal man1 ! deification ( ,nature1 ! vanity ( mak+ "o's own p]sonality ! c5tre ( int]e/1 subord9ation to ! propag&a ( social ideas1 *>latanism--all ?is we d]ive f ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! /yle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury3 propre exact et libre4 ,! /rong individual :o is self-suffici5t1 or :o appeals ard5tly to ,god--& t obtrusiv5ess & indiscretion ( mod]n au?ors--^! ?+s are opposites4 ,%[+-oneself-(f--:at a contra/ to ! ,s*ol>s ( ,port-,royal6 ,alfi]i _h a s5se = ! gr& /yle4 ,! hate ( ! burlesque 7t :i* lacks dignity71 ! lack ( a s5se ( ,nature belongs to ! sev5te5? c5tury4 #ih4 ,aga9/ ,r\sseau4--,alas6 man is no long] suffici5tly evil2 ,r\sseau's oppon5ts1 :o say t man is a bea/ ( prey1 are un=tunately wrong4 ,n ! corruption ( man1 b ! s(t5+ & moralis+ ( him is ! curse4 ,9 ! sph]e :i* ,r\sseau attack$ mo/ viol5tly1 ! relatively /ronge/ & mo/ successful type ( man 0 /ill to be f\nd 7! type :i* /ill possess$ ! great passions intact3 ,w to ,p[]1 ,w to ,pleasure1 ! ,w & ,ability to ,comm&74 ,! man ( ! eighte5? c5tury mu/ be comp>$ ) ! man ( ! ,r5aissance 7also ) ! man ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 9 ,france7 if ! matt] is to be und]/ood at all3 ,r\sseau is a symptom ( self-contempt & ( inflam$ vanity--bo? signs t ! dom9at+ w is lack+3 he moralises & seeks ! cause ( 8 own mis]y aft] ! /yle ( a rev5geful man 9 ! rul+ classes4 #ii4 ,voltaire--,r\sseau4--,a /ate ( nature is t]rible2 man is a bea/ ( prey3 our civilisation is an extraord9>y triumph ov] ?is bea/ ( prey 9 nature--?is 0 ,voltaires conclusion4 ,he 0 consci\s ( ! mildness1 ! ref9em5ts1 ! intellectual joys ( ! civilis$ /ate2 he despis$ obtus5ess1 ev5 9 ! =m ( virtue1 & ! lack ( delicacy ev5 9 ascetics & monks4 ,! moral depravity ( man seem$ to pre-occupy ,r\sseau2 ! words unju/1 cruel1 are ! be/ possible = ! purpose ( excit+ ! in/9cts ( ! oppress$1 :o o!rwise f9d !mselves "u ! ban ( ! vetitum & ( disgrace2 s t _! consci5ce is oppos$ to _! indulg+ any insurrectional desires4 ,^! emancipators seek "o ?+ above all3 to give _! p>ty ! great acc5ts & attitudes ( high] ,nature4 #ajj4 ,r\sseau2 ! rule f\nd$ on s5tim5t2 ,nature z ! s\rce ( ju/ice2 man p]fects himself 9 proportion z he approa*es ,nature 7accord+ to ,voltaire1 9 proportion z he leaves ,nature beh9d74 ,! v same p]iods seem to ! "o to demon/rate ! progress ( humanity &1 to ! o!r1 ! increase ( inju/ice & inequality4 ,voltaire1 :o /ill und]/ood umanit 9 ! s5se ( ! ,r5aissance1 z also virt 7z high] culture71 fights = ! cause ( ! honntes g5s la bonne compagnie ta/e1 sci5ce1 arts1 & ev5 = ! cause ( progress & civilisation4 ,! fl>e-up occurr$ t[>ds #agfj3 ,on ! "o h& ! citiz5 ( ,g5eva1 on ! o!r le seigneur de ,f]ney4 ,x is only f t mom5t & h5ce=w>d t ,voltaire 0 ! man ( 8 age1 ! philosoph]1 ! repres5tative ( ,tol]ation & ( ,disbelief 7!ret(ore he _h be5 m]ely un bel esprit74 ,8 envy & hatr$ ( ,r\sseau's success =c$ him upw>ds4 ,p\r 'la canaille' un dieu rmunrateur et v5geur--,voltaire4 ,! criticism ( bo? /&po9ts 9 reg>d to ! value ( civilisation4 ,to ,voltaire no?+ seems f9] ?an ! social inv5tion3 !re is no high] goal ?an to uphold & p]fect x4 ,l'honntet consi/s precisely 9 respect+ social usage2 virtue 9 a c]ta9 ob$i5ce t[>ds v>i\s necess>y prejudices :i* fav\r ! ma9t5ance ( society4 ,mission>y ( ,culture1 ari/ocrat1 repres5tative ( ! triumphant & rul+ classes & _! values4 ,b ,r\sseau rema9$ a plebeian1 ev5 z hommes de lettres1 ?is 0 prepo/]\s2 8 %ameless contempt = ev]y?+ t 0 n himself4 ,! morbid feature 9 ,r\sseau is ! "o :i* happ5s to h be5 mo/ admir$ & imitat$4 7,"l ,byron resembl$ him some:at1 he too screw$ himself up to sublime attitudes & to rev5geful rage--a sign ( vulg>ity2 lat] on1 :5 ,v5ice re/or$ 8 equilibrium1 he und]/ood :at alleviates mo/ & does ! mo/ good 444 l'ins\ciance47 ,9 spite ( 8 antec$5ts1 ,r\sseau is pr\d ( himself2 b he is inc5s$ if he is rem9d$ ( 8 orig94444 ,9 ,r\sseau !re 0 und\bt$ly "s bra9 tr\ble2 9 ,voltaire--r>e heal? & lightsom5ess4 ,! rev5gefulness ( ! sick2 8 p]iods ( insanity z also ^? ( 8 contempt ( man1 & ( 8 mi/ru/4 ,r\sseau's def5ce ( ,provid5ce 7aga9/ ,voltaire's ,pessimism73 he _h ne$ ( ,god 9 ord] to be able to curse society & civilisation2 ev]y?+ mu/ be good p] se1 because ,god _h creat$ x2 man alone has corrupt$ man4 ,! good man z a man ( ,nature 0 pure fantasy2 b ) ! dogma ( ,god's au?or%ip he became some?+ probable & ev5 n devoid ( f\ndation4 ,romanticism la ,r\sseau3 passion 7! sov]eign "r ( passion72 naturalness2 ! fasc9ation ( madness 7fooli%ness reckon$ z greatness72 ! s5seless vanity ( ! weak2 ! rev5gefulness ( ! masses elevat$ to ! position ( ju/ice 79 politics1 = "o hundr$ ye>s1 ! lead] has always be5 ?is invalid74 #aja4 ,kant3 makes ! scepticism ( ,engli%m51 9 reg>d to ! !ory ( k1 possible = ,g]mans4 7#a7 ,by enli/+ 9 its cause ! int]e/ ( ! ,g]man's religi\s & moral ne$s3 j z ! new academicians us$ scepticism = ! same reasons1 z a prep>ation = ,platonism 7vide ,augu/9e72 j z ,pascal ev5 us$ moral scepticism 9 ord] to provoke 7to ju/ify7 ! ne$ ( belief2 7#b7 ,by complicat+ & entangl+ x ) s*ola/ic fl\ri%es 9 view ( mak+ x m acceptable to ! ,g]man's sci5tific ta/e 9 =m 7= ,locke & ,hume1 alone1 7 too illum9at+1 too cle>--t is to say1 judg$ accord+ to ! ,g]man valu+ in/9ct1 too sup]ficial74 ,kant3 a poor psy*ologi/ & m$iocre judge ( human nature1 made hopeless mi/akes 9 reg>d to great hi/orical values 7! ,fr5* ,revolution72 a moral fanatic la ,r\sseau2 ) a subt]ranean curr5t ( ,*ri/ian values2 a ?or\gh dogmati/1 b bor$ to ext9ction by ?is t5d5cy1 to ! ext5t ( wi%+ to tyrannise ov] x1 b quickly tir$1 ev5 ( 'scepticism2 & n yet affect$ by any cosmopolitan ?\ght or antique beauty 444 a dawdl] & a g-betwe51 n at all orig9al 7l ,leibnitz1 some?+ betwe5 me*anism & spiritualism2 l ,goe!1 some?+ betwe5 ! ta/e ( ! eighte5? c5tury & t ( ! hi/orical s5se :i* is ess5tially a s5se ( exoticism2 l ,g]man music1 betwe5 ,fr5* & ,italian music2 l ,*>les ! ,great1 :o m$iat$ & built bridges betwe5 ! ,roman ,empire & ,nationalism--a dawdl] p> excell5ce74 #ajb4 ,9 :at respect h ! ,*ri/ian c5turies ) _! ,pessimism be5 /rong] c5turies ?an ! eighte5?--& h[ d !y correspond ) ! tragic age ( ! ,greeks8 ,! n9ete5? c5tury v]sus ! eighte5?4 ,h[ 0 x an heir8--h[ 0 x a /ep backw>ds f ! latt]8 7m lack+ 9 _s & 9 ta/e7--h[ did x %[ an advance on ! latt]8 7m gloomy1 m reali/ic1 /rong]74 #ajc4 ,h[ c we expla9 ! fact t we feel some?+ 9 common ) ! ,campagna romana8 ,& ! high m\nta9 *a98 ,*ateaubri& 9 a lett] to ,m4 de ,fontanes 9 #ahjc writes 8 fir/ impression ( ! ,campagna romana4 ,! ,presid5t de ,brosses says ( ! ,campagna romana3 ,il fallait que ,romulus ft ivre qu& il songea btir une ville dans un t]ra9 aussi laid4 ,ev5 ,delacroix w\ld h no?+ to d ) ,rome1 x fright5$ him4 ,he lov$ ,v5ice1 j z ,%akespe>e1 ,byron1 & ,georges ,s& did4 ,?ophile ,gauti]'s & ,ri*>d ,wagn]'s dislike ( ,rome mu/ n be =gott54 ,lam>t9e has ! language = ,sorr5to & ,posilippo4 ,victor ,hugo raves ab\t ,spa91 p>ce que aucune autre nation n'a mo9s emprunt l'antiquit1 p>ce qu'elle n'a subi aucune influ5ce classique4 #ajd4 ,! two great attempts t 7 made to ov]come ! eighte5? c5tury3 ,napoleon1 9 t he call$ man1 ! soldi]1 & ! great /ruggle = p[]1 to life aga91 & conceiv$ ,europe z a political p[]4 ,goe!1 9 t he imag9$ a ,european culture :i* w\ld consi/ ( ! :ole h]itage ( :at humanity _h atta9$ to up to 8 "t4 ,g]man culture 9 ?is c5tury inspires mi/ru/--! music ( ! p]iod lacks t complete elem5t :i* lib]ates & b9ds z well1 to wit--,goe!4 ,! pre-em95ce ( music 9 ! romantici/s ( #ahcj & #ahdj4 ,delacroix4 ,+res--a passionate musician 7admir$ ,gluck1 ,haydn1 ,bee?ov51 ,moz>t71 said to 8 pupils 9 ,rome3 ,si je p\vais v\s r5dre t\s musici5s1 v\s y gagn]iez comme pe9tres--likewise ,horace ,v]net1 :o 0 p>ticul>ly fond ( ,don ,juan 7z ,m5delssohn assures u1 #ahca72 ,/5dhal1 too1 :o says ( himself3 ,combi5 de lieues ne f]ais-je pas pi$1 et combi5 de j\rs de prison ne me s\mett]ais-je pas p\r ent5dre ,don ,juan ou le ,matrimonio segreto2 et je ne sais p\r quelle autre *ose je f]ais cet ef=t4 ,he 0 !n fifty-six ye>s old4 ,! borr[$ =ms1 = in/ance3 ,brahms z a typical ,epigone1 likewise ,m5delssohn's cultur$ ,prote/antism 7a =m] s\l is turn$ into poetry po/hum\sly 4447 --! moral & poetical sub/itutions 9 ,wagn]1 :o us$ "o art z a /op-gap to make up = :at ano!r lack$4 --! hi/orical s5se1 inspiration d]iv$ f poems1 sagas4 --t *>act]i/ic trans=mation ( :i* ,g4 ,flaub]t is ! mo/ /rik+ example among ,fr5*m51 & ,ri*>d ,wagn] ! mo/ /rik+ example among ,g]mans1 %[s h[ ! romantic belief 9 love & ! future *anges into a long+ = non5tity 9 #ahcj-ej4 #ajf4 ,h[ is x t ,g]man music rea*es its culm9at+ po9t 9 ! age ( ,g]man romanticism8 ,h[ is x t ,g]man music lacks ,goe!8 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ mu* ,s*ill]1 or m exactly1 h[ mu* ,!kla#e is !re n 9 ,bee?ov56 ,s*umann has ,ei*5dorff1 ,uhl&1 ,he9e1 ,h(fman1 ,tieck1 9 him4 ,ri*>d ,wagn] has ,freis*tz1 ,h(fmann1 ,grimm1 ! romantic ,saga1 ! my/ic ,ca?olicism ( in/9ct1 symbolism1 ! free-spirit$ness ( passion 7,r\sseau's int5tion74 ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man sav\rs ( ,france1 :]e le tnbreux 7#ahcj7 0 ! type ( ! s$uc]4 ,! cult ( music1 ! revolution>y romanticism ( =m4 ,wagn] syn!sises ,g]man & ,fr5* romanticism4 ,footnote #e3 ,!kla is ! s5tim5tal h]o9e 9 ,s*ill]'s ,wall5/e94--,,translator',s ,,note4 #ajg4 ,f ! po9t ( view only ( 8 value to ,g]many & to ,g]man culture1 ,ri*>d ,wagn] is /ill a great problem1 p]haps a ,g]man mis=tune3 9 any case1 h[ev]1 a fatality4 ,b :at does x matt]8 ,is he n v mu* m ?an a ,g]man ev5t8 ,x also seems to me t to no c\ntry on e>? is he less relat$ ?an to ,g]many2 no?+ 0 prep>$ !re = 8 adv5t2 8 :ole type is simply /range among/ ,g]mans2 !re he /&s 9 _! mid/1 wond]ful1 misund]/ood1 incompreh5sible4 ,b p c>efully avoid ackn[l$g+ ?is3 !y are too k9d1 too squ>e-head$--too ,g]man = t4 ,cr$o quia absurdus e/3 ?us did ! ,g]man _s wi% x to be1 9 ?is case too--h5ce x is cont5t mean:ile to believe ev]y?+ ,ri*>d ,wagn] want$ to h believ$ ab\t himself4 ,9 all ages ! _s ( ,g]many has be5 defici5t 9 subtlety & div9+ p[]s conc]n+ psy*ological matt]s4 ,n[ t x happ5s to be "u ! high pressure ( patriotic nons5se & self-adoration1 x is visibly gr[+ ?ick] & co>s]3 h[ c\ld x !re=e be equal to ! problem ( ,wagn]6 #ajh4 ,! ,g]mans are n yet any?+1 b !y are becom+ some?+2 t is :y !y h n yet any culture2--t is :y !y _c yet h any culture6--,!y are n yet any?+3 t means !y are all k9ds ( ?+s4 ,!y are becom+ some?+3 t means t !y w "o day cease f be+ all k9ds ( ?+s4 ,! latt] is at bottom only a wi%1 sc>cely a hope yet4 ,=tunately x is a wi% ) :i* "o c live1 a "q ( w1 ( "w1 ( discipl9e1 a "q ( tra9+1 z also ( res5tm5t1 ( long+1 ( privation1 ( discom=t1--yea1 ev5 ( bitt]ness1--9 %ort1 we ,g]mans w get some?+ out ( ourselves1 some?+ t has n yet be5 want$ ( u--we want some?+ m6 ,t ?is ,g]man1 z he is n z yet--has a "r to some?+ bett] ?an ! pres5t ,g]man culture2 t all :o wi% to become some?+ bett]1 mu/ wax angry :5 !y p]ceive a sort ( cont5tm5t1 an impud5t sett+-oneself-at-ease1 or a process ( self-c5s+1 9 ?is qu>t]3 t is my second pr9ciple1 9 reg>d to :i* my op9ions h n yet *ang$4 7c7 ,,signs ,,( ,,increas+ ,,/r5g?4 #aji4 ,fir/ ,pr9ciple3 ev]y?+ t *>act]ises mod]n m5 sav\rs ( decay3 b side by side ) ! prevail+ sickness !re are signs ( a /r5g? & p[]fulness ( s\l :i* are /ill untri$4 ,! same causes :i* t5d to promote ! belittl+ ( m51 also =ce ! /rong] & r>] individuals upw>ds to greatness4 #aaj4 ,g5]al survey3 ! ambigu\s "* ( our mod]n _w--precisely ! same symptoms might at ! same "t be indicative ( ei!r decl9e or /r5g?4 ,& ! signs ( /r5g? & ( emancipation de>ly b\ght1 might 9 view ( traditional 7or h]$it>y7 appreciations conc]n$ ) ! feel+s1 be misund]/ood z indications ( weakness4 ,9 %ort1 feel+1 z a means ( fix+ valuations1 is n on a level ) ! times4 ,g5]alis$3 ,e valuation is always backw>d2 x is m]ely ! expression ( ! conditions :i* fav\r$ survival & gr[? 9 a mu* e>li] age3 x /ruggles aga9/ new conditions ( exi/5ce out ( :i* x did n arise1 & :i* x !re=e necess>ily misund]/&s3 x h9d]s1 & excites suspicion aga9/1 all t is new4 #aaa4 ,! problem ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4--,to discov] :e!r its /rong & weak side belong to ea* o!r4 ,:e!r !y h be5 cut f "o & ! same piece4 ,:e!r ! v>iety ( its ideals & _! contradictions are condition$ by a high] purpose3 :e!r !y are some?+ high]4--,= x might be ! pr]equisite ( greatness1 t gr[? %\ld take place amid su* viol5t t5sion4 ,dissatisfaction1 ,nihilism1 might be a good sign4 #aab4 ,g5]al survey4--,z a matt] ( fact1 all abundant gr[? involves a concomitant process ( crumbl+ to bits & decay3 suff]+ & ! symptoms ( decl9e belong to ages ( enorm\s progress2 e fruitful & p[]ful movem5t ( mank9d has always br\ght ab\t a concurr5t ,nihili/ic movem5t4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ! appe>ance ( ! extreme/ =m ( ,pessimism & actual ,nihilism might be ! sign ( a process ( incisive & mo/ ess5tial gr[?1 & ( mank9d's transit into completely new conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,?is is :at ,i h und]/ood4 #aac4 ,a4 ,/>t+ out ) a ?or\ghly c\rage\s appreciation ( our m5 ( to-day3--we mu/ n all[ ourselves to be deceiv$ by appe>ance3 ?is mank9d is mu* less effective1 b x gives q diff]5t pl$ges ( la/+ /r5g?1 its tempo is sl[]1 b ! rhy?m itself is ri*]4 ,heal?9ess is increas+1 ! real conditions ( a heal?y body are on ! po9t ( be+ kn[n1 & w gradually be creat$1 asceticism is reg>d$ ) irony4 ,! fe> ( extremes1 a c]ta9 confid5ce 9 ! "r way1 no rav+3 a p]iodical self-habituation to n>r[] values 7su* z "m-l&1 sci5ce1 etc474 ,?is :ole picture1 h[ev]1 w\ld /ill be ambigu\s3 x might be a movem5t ei!r ( increase or decl9e 9 ,life4 ,b4 ,! belief 9 progress--9 l[] sph]es ( intellig5ce1 appe>s z increas+ life3 b ?is is self-deception2 9 high] sph]es ( intellig5ce x is a sign ( decl9+ life4 ,description ( ! symptoms4 ,! unity ( ! aspect3 unc]ta9ty 9 reg>d to ! /&>d ( valuation4 ,fe> ( a g5]al 9 va94 ,nihilism4 #aad4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we are no long] s urg5tly 9 ne$ ( an antidote aga9/ ! fir/ ,nihilism3 ,life is no long] s unc]ta91 accid5tal1 & s5seless 9 mod]n ,europe4 ,all su* trem5d\s exagg]ation ( ! value ( m51 ( ! value ( evil1 etc41 are n s necess>y n[2 we c endure a consid]able dim9ution ( ?is value1 we may grant a great deal ( nons5se & accid5t3 ! p[] man has acquir$ n[ all[s ( a l[]+ ( ! means ( discipl9e1 ( :i* ! /ronge/ 0 ! moral int]pretation ( ! univ]se4 ,! hypo!sis ,god is mu* too extreme4 #aae4 ,if any?+ %[s t our humanisation is a g5u9e sign ( progress1 x is ! fact t we no long] require excessive contr>ies1 t we no long] require contr>ies at all4444 ,we may love ! s5ses2 = we h spiritualis$ !m 9 e way & made !m arti/ic2 ,we h a "r to all ?+s :i* hi!rto h be5 mo/ calumniat$4 #aaf4 ,! rev]sal ( ! ord] ( rank4--,^? pi\s c\nt]feit]s--! prie/s--are becom+ ,*&ala 9 our mid/3--!y occupy ! position ( ! *>latan1 ( ! quack1 ( ! c\nt]feit]1 ( ! sorc]]3 we reg>d !m z corrupt]s ( ! w1 z ! great sl&]]s & v9dictive enemies ( ,life1 & z ! rebels among ! bungl$ & ! bot*$4 ,we h made our middle class out ( our s]vant-ca/e--! ,sudra--t is to say1 our p or ! body :i* wields ! political p[]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,*&ala ( =m] times is p>am\nt3 ! blasphem]s1 ! immorali/s1 ! indep5d5ts ( all k9ds1 ! arti/s1 ! ,jews1 ! m9/rels--&1 at bottom1 all disreputable classes are 9 ! van4 ,we h elevat$ ourselves to hon\rable ?\ghts1--ev5 m1 we det]m9e :at hon\r is on e>?1--nobility4 444 ,all ( u to-day are advocates ( life4--,we ,immorali/s are to-day ! /ronge/ p[]3 ! o!r great p[]s are 9 ne$ ( u 444 we re-create ! _w 9 our own image4 ,we h transf]r$ ! label ,*&ala to ! prie/s1 ! backworldsm51 & to ! de=m$ ,*ri/ian society :i* has become associat$ ) ^! p1 toge!r ) creatures ( l orig91 ! pessimi/s1 ,nihili/s1 romantici/s ( pity1 crim9als1 & m5 ( vici\s habits--! :ole sph]e 9 :i* ! idea ( ,god is t ( ,savi\r4444 ,we are pr\d ( be+ no long] oblig$ to be li>s1 sl&]]s1 & detractors ( ,life4444 #aag4 ,! advance ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ^u ! eighte5? 7at bottom we good ,europeans are c>ry+ on a w> aga9/ ! eighte5? c5tury73 7#a7 ,! return to ,nature is gett+ to be und]/ood1 ev] m def9itely1 9 a way :i* is q ! rev]se ( t 9 :i* ,r\sseau us$ ! phrase--away f idylls & op]as6 7#b7 ,ev] m decid$1 m anti-ideali/ic1 m objective1 m fe>less1 m indu/ri\s1 m temp]ate1 m suspici\s ( sudd5 *anges1 anti-revolution>y2 7#c7 ,! "q ( bodily heal? is be+ press$ ev] m decid$ly 9 front ( ! heal? ( ! s\l3 ! latt] is reg>d$ z a condition br\ght ab\t by ! =m]1 & bodily heal? is believ$ to be1 at lea/1 ! pr]equisite to spiritual heal?4 #aah4 ,if any?+ at all has be5 a*iev$1 x is a m innoc5t attitude t[>ds ! s5ses1 a happi]1 m fav\rable demean\r 9 reg>d to s5suality1 resembl+ r ! position tak5 up by ,goe!2 a pr\d] feel+ has also be5 develop$ 9 k1 & ! re9e ,?or#f meets ) little fai?4 ,footnote #f3 ,?is is a ref]5ce to ,wagn]'s ,p>sifal4 ,! "* z is well kn[n1 is writt5 to repres5t a son ( he>t's affliction1 & a *ild ( wisdom--humble1 guileless1 lov+1 pure1 & a fool4--,,translator',s ,,note4 #aai4 ,we objective p4--,x is n pity t op5s up ! way = u to all t is mo/ remote & mo/ /range 9 life & culture2 b our accessibility & +5u\sness1 :i* precisely does n pity1 b r takes pleasure 9 hundr$s ( ?+s :i* =m]ly caus$ pa9 7:i* 9 =m] days ei!r outrag$ or mov$ u1 or 9 ! pres5ce ( :i* we 7 ei!r ho/ile or indiff]5t74 ,pa9 9 all its v>i\s phases is n[ int]e/+ to u3 on t acc\nt we are c]ta9ly n ! m pitiful1 ev5 ?\gh ! sight ( pa9 may %ake u to our f\ndations & move u to te>s3 & we are absolutely n incl9$ to be m helpful 9 view !re(4 ,9 ?is delib]ate desire to look on at all pa9 & error1 we h gr[n /rong] & m p[]ful ?an 9 ! eighte5? c5tury2 x is a pro( ( our increase ( /r5g? 7we h drawn clos] to ! sev5te5? & sixte5? c5turies74 ,b x is a pr(\nd mi/ake to reg>d our romanticism z a pro( ( our beautifi$ s\ls4 ,we want /rong] s5sations ?an all co>s] ages & classes h want$4 7,?is fact mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! ne$s ( neurotics & decad5ts2 9 _! case1 ( c\rse1 !re is a crav+ = pepp] --ev5 = cruelty47 ,we are all seek+ conditions :i* are emancipat$ f ! b\rgeois1 & to a great] degree f ! prie/ly1 notion ( morality 7e book :i* sav\rs at all ( prie/dom & !ology gives u ! impression ( pitiful niais]ie & m5tal indig5ce74 ,good company1 9 fact1 f9ds ev]y?+ insipid :i* is n =bidd5 & consid]$ compromis+ 9 b\rgeois circles2 & ! case is ! same ) books1 music1 politics1 & op9ions on wom54 #abj4 ,! simplification ( man 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury 7,! eighte5? c5tury 0 t ( elegance1 subtlety1 & g5]\s feel+74--,n return to nature2 = no natural humanity has ev] exi/$ yet4 ,s*ola/ic1 unnatural1 & ant9atural values are ! rule & ! beg9n+2 man only rea*es ,nature aft] a long /ruggle--he nev] turns 8 back to h]4444 ,to be natural means1 to d>e to be z immoral z ,nature is4 ,we are co>s]1 m direct1 ri*] 9 irony t[>ds g5]\s feel+s1 ev5 :5 we are b5ea? !m4 ,our haute vole1 ! society consi/+ ( our ri* & leisur$ m51 is m natural3 p hunt ea* o!r1 ! love ( ! sexes is a k9d ( sport 9 :i* m>riage is bo? a *>m & an ob/acle2 p ent]ta9 ea* o!r & live = ! sake ( pleasure2 bodily advantages /& 9 ! fir/ rank1 & curiosity & d>+ are ! rule4 ,our attitude t[>ds k is m natural2 we are innoc5t 9 our absolute spiritual debau*]y1 we hate pa!tic & hi]atic mann]s1 we delight 9 t :i* is mo/ /rictly prohibit$1 we %\ld sc>cely recognise any int]e/ 9 k if we 7 bor$ 9 acquir+ x4 ,our attitude to morality is also m natural4 ,pr9ciples h become a laugh+-/ock2 no "o d>es to speak ( 8 duty1 unless 9 irony4 ,b a helpful1 b5evol5t disposition is highly valu$4 7,morality is locat$ 9 in/9ct & ! re/ is despis$4 ,besides ?is !re are few po9ts ( hon\r47 ,our attitude to politics is m natural3 we see problems ( p[]1 ( ! quantum ( p[]1 aga9/ ano!r quantum4 ,we d n believe 9 a "r t does n proce$ f a p[] :i* is able to uphold x4 ,we reg>d all rights z conque/s4 ,our valuation ( great m5 & ?+s is m natural3 we reg>d passion z a privilege2 we c conceive ( no?+ great :i* does n involve a great crime2 all greatness is associat$ 9 our m9ds ) a c]ta9 /&+-beyond-!-pale 9 morality4 ,our attitude to ,nature is m natural3 we no long] love h] = h] innoc5ce1 h] reason1 h] beauty1 we h made h] beautifully devili% & fooli%4 ,b in/ead ( despis+ h] on t acc\nt1 s9ce !n we h felt m closely relat$ to h] & m famili> 9 h] pres5ce4 ,%e does n aspire to virtue3 we !re=e respect h]4 ,our attitude t[>ds ,art is m natural3 we d n exact beautiful1 empty lies1 etc41 f h]2 brutal positivism reigns supreme1 & x asc]ta9s ?+s ) p]fect calm4 ,9 %ort3 !re are signs %[+ t ! ,european ( ! n9ete5? c5tury is less a%am$ ( 8 in/9cts2 he has gone a long way t[>ds ackn[l$g+ 8 unconditional naturalness & immorality1 )\t bitt]ness3 on ! contr>y1 he is /rong en\gh to endure ?is po9t ( view alone4 ,to "s e>s ?is w s\nd z ?\gh corruption _h made /rides3 & c]ta9 x is t man has n drawn ne>] to ! ,nature :i* ,r\sseau speaks ab\t1 b has gone "o /ep f>!r 9 ! civilisation be=e :i* ,r\sseau /ood 9 horror4 ,we h gr[n /rong]1 we h drawn ne>] to ! sev5te5? c5tury1 m p>ticul>ly to ! ta/e :i* reign$ t[>ds its close 7,danc\rt1 ,le ,sage1 ,r5>d74 #aba4 ,culture v]sus ,civilisation4--,! culm9at+ /ages ( culture & civilisation lie ap>t3 "o mu/ n be l$ a/ray z reg>ds ! fundam5tal antagonism exi/+ betwe5 culture & civilisation4 ,f ! moral /&po9t1 great p]iods 9 ! hi/ory ( culture h always be5 p]iods ( corruption2 :ile on ! o!r h&1 ^? p]iods 9 :i* man 0 delib]ately & compulsorily tam$ 7civilisation7 h always be5 p]iods ( intol]ance t[>ds ! mo/ intellectual & mo/ audaci\s natures4 ,civilisation desires some?+ diff]5t f :at culture /rives aft]3 _! aims may p]haps be oppos$4444 #abb4 ,:at ,i w>n p aga9/3 conf\nd+ ! in/9cts ( decad5ce ) ^? ( humanity2 ,conf\nd+ ! dissolv+ means ( civilisation & ^? :i* necess>ily promote decad5ce1 ) culture2 ,conf\nd+ debau*]y1 & ! pr9ciple1 laiss] all]1 ) ! ,w to ,p[] 7! latt] is ! exact rev]se ( ! =m]74 #abc4 ,! unsolv$ problems :i* ,i set anew3 ! problem ( civilisation1 ! /ruggle betwe5 ,r\sseau & ,voltaire ab\t ! ye> #agfj4 ,man becomes deep]1 m mi/ru/ful1 m immoral1 /rong]1 m self-confid5t--& !re=e m natural2 t is progress4 ,9 ?is way1 by a process ( division ( lab\r1 ! m evil /rata & ! mild] & tam] /rata ( society get sep>at$3 s t ! g5]al facts are n visible at fir/ sight4444 ,x is a sign ( /r5g?1 & ( ! self-control & fasc9ation ( ! /rong1 t ^! /rong] /rata possess ! arts 9 ord] to make _! great] p[]s = evil felt z some?+ high] ,z soon z !re is progress !re is a transvaluation ( ! /r5g!n$ factors into ! good4 #abd4 ,man mu/ h ! c\rage ( 8 natural in/9cts re/or$ to him4-- ,! poor op9ion he has ( himself mu/ be de/roy$ 7n 9 ! s5se ( ! individual1 b 9 ! s5se ( ! natural man 4447-- ,! contradictions 9 ?+s mu/ be eradicat$1 aft] x has be5 well und]/ood t we 7 responsible = !m-- ,social idiosyncrasies mu/ be /amp$ out ( exi/5ce 7guilt1 puni%m5t1 ju/ice1 hone/y1 fre$om1 love1 etc4 etc47-- ,an advance t[>ds naturalness3 9 all political que/ions1 ev5 9 ! relations betwe5 p>ties1 ev5 9 m]*ants'1 workm5's1 or contractors' p>ties1 only que/ions ( p[] come into play3-- :at "o c d is ! fir/ "q1 :at "o ought to d is only a second>y consid]ation4 #abe4 ,socialism--or ! tyranny ( ! meane/ & ! mo/ bra9less1--t is to say1 ! sup]ficial1 ! envi\s1 & ! mumm]s1 br\ght to its z5i?1--is1 z a matt]1 ( fact1 ! logical conclusion ( mod]n ideas & _! lat5t an>*y3 b 9 ! g5ial atmosph]e ( democratic well-be+ ! capacity = =m+ resolutions or ev5 = com+ to an end at all1 is p>alys$4 ,m5 foll[--b no long] _! reason4 ,t is :y socialism is on ! :ole a hopelessly bitt] affair3 & !re is no?+ m amus+ ?an to obs]ve ! discord betwe5 ! poison\s & desp]ate faces ( pres5t-day sociali/s--& :at wret*$ & nons5sical feel+s does n _! /yle reveal to u6--& ! *ildi% lamblike happ9ess ( _! hopes & desires4 ,nev]!less1 9 _m places 9 ,europe1 !re may be viol5t h&-to-h& /ruggles & irruptions on _! acc\nt3 ! com+ c5tury is likely to be convuls$ 9 m ?an "o spot1 & ! ,p>is ,commune1 :i* f9ds def5d]s & advocates ev5 9 ,g]many1 w seem to h be5 b a slight indige/ion comp>$ ) :at is to come4 ,be ?is z x may1 !re w always be too _m p ( prop]ty = socialism ev] to signify any?+ m ?an an attack ( illness3 & ^! p ( prop]ty are l "o man ) "o fai?1 "o mu/ possess some?+ 9 ord] to be "s "o4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is ! olde/ & mo/ :olesome ( all in/9cts2 ,i %\ld add3 "o mu/ desire m ?an "o has 9 ord] to become m4 ,= ?is is ! tea*+ :i* life itself prea*es to all liv+ ?+s3 ! morality ( ,developm5t4 ,to h & to wi% to h m1 9 a ^w1 ,gr[?--t is life itself4 ,9 ! tea*+ ( socialism a w to ! d5ial ( life is b poorly conceal$3 bot*$ m5 & races !y mu/ be :o h devis$ a tea*+ ( ?is sort4 ,9 fact1 ,i ev5 wi% a few exp]im5ts might be made to %[ t 9 a sociali/ic society1 life d5ies itself1 & itself cuts away its own roots4 ,! e>? is big en\gh & man is /ill unexhau/$ en\gh = a practical lesson ( ?is sort & demon/ratio ad absurdum--ev5 if x 7 accompli%$ only by a va/ exp5diture ( lives--to seem wor? :ile to me4 ,/ill1 ,socialism1 l a re/less mole b5ea? ! f\ndations ( a society wall[+ 9 /upidity1 w be able to a*ieve some?+ useful & salut>y3 x delays ,peace on ,e>? & ! :ole process ( "*-s(t5+ ( ! democratic h]d+ animal2 x =ces ! ,european to h an extra supply ( intellect1--t is to say1 craft & caution1 & prev5ts 8 entirely ab&on+ ! manly & w>like qualities1--x also saves ,europe a:ile f ! m>asmus fem99us :i* is ?reat5+ x4 #abf4 ,! mo/ fav\rable ob/acles & rem$ies ( mod]nity3 7#a7 ,compulsory milit>y s]vice ) real w>s 9 :i* all jok+ is laid aside4 7#b7 ,national ?ick-head$ness 7:i* simplifies & conc5trates74 7#c7 ,improv$ nutrition 7meat74 7#d7 ,increas+ cleanl9ess & :olesom5ess 9 ! home4 7#e7 ,! pr$om9ance ( physiology ov] !ology1 morality1 economics1 & politics4 7#f7 ,milit>y discipl9e 9 ! exaction & ! practice ( "o's duty 7x is no long] cu/om>y to praise74 #abg4 ,i am delight$ at ! milit>y developm5t ( ,europe1 also at ! inn] an>*ical conditions3 ! p]iod ( quietude & ,*9adom :i* ,galiani prophesi$ = ?is c5tury is n[ ov]4 ,p]sonal & manly capacity1 bodily capacity recov]s its value1 valuations are becom+ m physical1 nutrition consi/s ev] m & m ( fle%4 ,f9e m5 h once m become possible4 ,bloodless sneaks 7) m&>9s at _! head1 z ,comte imag9$ !m7 are n[ a matt] ( ! pa/4 ,! savage 9 e "o ( u is ackn[l$g$1 ev5 ! wild animal4 ,precisely on t acc\nt1 philosoph]s w h a bett] *ance4 --,kant is a sc>ecr[6 #abh4 ,i h n yet se5 any reasons to feel disc\rag$4 ,he :o acquires & pres]ves a /rong w1 toge!r ) a broad m9d1 has a m fav\rable *ance n[ ?an ev] he _h4 ,= ! pla/icity ( man has become exce$+ly great 9 democratic ,europe3 m5 :o le>n easily1 :o readily adapt !mselves1 are ! rule3 ! greg>i\s animal ( a high ord] ( intellig5ce is prep>$4 ,he :o w\ld comm& f9ds ^? :o mu/ obey3 ,i h ,napoleon & ,bism>ck 9 m9d1 = in/ance4 ,! /ruggle aga9/ /rong & un9tellig5t wills1 :i* =ms ! sure/ ob/acle 9 "o's way1 is really insignificant ,:o w\ld n be able to knock d[n ^! objective g5tlem5 ) weak wills1 su* z ,ranke & ,r5an6 #abi4 ,spiritual enlight5m5t is an unfail+ means ( mak+ m5 unc]ta91 weak ( w1 & ne$ful ( succ\r & support2 9 %ort1 ( develop+ ! h]d+ in/9cts 9 !m4 ,t is :y all great arti/-rul]s1 hi!rto 7,confucius 9 ,*9a1 ! ,roman ,empire1 ,napoleon1 ,pop$om--at a "t :5 !y _h ! c\rage ( _! worldl9ess & frankly pursu$ p[]7 9 :om ! rul+ in/9cts1 t _h prevail$ until _! "t1 culm9at$1 also made use ( ! spiritual enlight5m5t--or at lea/ all[$ x to be supreme 7aft] ! /yle ( ! ,popes ( ! ,r5aissance74 ,! self-deception ( ! masses on ?is po9t1 9 e democracy = in/ance1 is ( ! greate/ possible value3 all t makes m5 small] & m am5able is pursu$ "u ! title progress4 #acj4 ,! highe/ equity & mildness z a condition ( weakness 7! ,new ,te/am5t & ! e>ly ,*ri/ian community--manife/+ itself 9 ! =m ( utt] fooli%ness 9 ! ,engli%m51 ,d>w9 & ,wallace74 ,y\r equity1 ye high] m51 drives y to univ]sal suffrage1 etc42 y\r humanity urges y to be mild] t[>ds crime & /upidity4 ,9 ! end y w ?us help /upidity & h>mlessness to conqu]4 ,outw>dly3 ,ages ( t]rible w>s1 insurrections1 explosions4 ,inw>dly3 ev] m & m weakness among m52 ev5ts take ! =m ( excitants4 ,! ,p>isian z ! type ( ! ,european extreme4 ,consequ5ces3 7#a7 ,savages 7at fir/1 ( c\rse1 9 con=mity ) ! culture t has reign$ hi!rto72 7#b7 ,sov]eign individuals 7:]e p[]ful b>b>\s masses & emancipation f all t has be51 are cross$74 ,! age ( greate/ /upidity1 brutality1 & wret*$ness 9 ! masses1 & 9 ! highe/ individuals4 #aca4 ,an incalculable numb] ( high] individuals n[ p]i%3 b he :o escapes _! fate is z /rong z ! devil4 ,9 ?is respect we are rem9d$ ( ! conditions :i* prevail$ 9 ! ,r5aissance4 #acb4 ,h[ are ,good ,europeans su* z ourselves di/+ui%$ f ! patriots8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we are a!i/s & immorali/s1 b we take c>e to support ! religions & ! morality :i* we associate ) ! greg>i\s in/9ct3 = by means ( !m1 an ord] ( m5 is1 s to speak1 be+ prep>$1 :i* mu/ at "s "t or o!r fall into our h&s1 :i* mu/ actually crave = our h&s4 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1--c]ta9ly2 b we insi/ ^u ! unconditional & /rict pres]vation ( h]d-morality4 ,we res]ve ourselves ! "r to sev]al k9ds ( philosophy :i* x is necess>y to le>n3 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ! pessimi/ic k9d z a hamm]2 a ,european ,buddhism might p]haps be indisp5sable4 ,we %\ld probably support ! developm5t & ! maturation ( democratic t5d5cies2 = x conduces to weakness ( w3 9 ,socialism we recognise a ?orn :i* prev5ts smug ease4 ,attitude t[>ds ! p44 ,our prejudices2 we pay att5tion to ! results ( cross-bre$+4 ,deta*$1 well-to-d1 /rong3 irony conc]n+ ! press & its culture4 ,our c>e3 t sci5tific m5 %\ld n become j\rnali/s4 ,we mi/ru/ any =m ( culture t tol]ates news-pap] read+ or writ+4 ,we make our accid5tal positions 7z ,goe! & ,/5dhal did71 our exp]i5ces1 a =egr\nd1 & we lay /ress ^u !m1 s t we may deceive conc]n+ our backgr\nds4 ,we ourselves wait & avoid putt+ our he>t into !m4 ,!y s]ve u z refuges1 su* z a w&]] might require & use--b we avoid feel+ at home 9 !m4 ,we are ahead ( our fell[s 9 t we h _h a discipl9a voluntatis4 ,all /r5g? is direct$ to ! developm5t ( ! w1 an art :i* all[s u to we> masks1 an art ( und]/&+ beyond ! passions 7also sup]-,european ?\ght at times74 ,?is is our prep>ation be=e becom+ ! law-giv]s ( ! future & ! lords ( ! e>?2 if n we1 at lea/ our *ildr54 ,caution :]e m>riage is conc]n$4 #acc4 ,! tw5tie? c5tury4--,! ,abb ,galiani says some:]e3 ,la prvoyance e/ la cause des gu]res actuelles de l',europe4 ,si l'on v\lait se donn] la pe9e de ne ri5 prvoir1 t\t le monde s]ait tranquille1 et je ne crois pas qu'on s]ait plus malheureux p>ce qu'on ne f]ait pas la gu]re4 ,z ,i 9 no way %>e ! unw>like views ( my deceas$ fri5d ,galiani1 ,i h no fe> :atev] ( say+ some?+ be=eh& ) ! view ( conjur+ 9 "s way ! cause ( w>s4 ,a condition ( excessive consci\sness1 aft] ! wor/ ( e>?quakes3 ) new que/ions4 #acd4 ,x is ! "t ( ! great noon1 ( ! mo/ appall+ enlight5m5t3 my p>ticul> k9d ( ,pessimism3 ! great />t+-po9t4 7#a7 ,fundam5tal contradiction betwe5 civilisation & ! elevation ( man4 7#b7 ,moral valuations reg>d$ z a hi/ory ( lies & ! art ( calumny 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,w to ,p[] 7( ! w ( ! h]d1 :i* rises aga9/ /rong] m574 7#c7 ,! conditions :i* det]m9e e elevation 9 culture 7! facilitation ( a selection be+ made at ! co/ ( a cr[d7 are ! conditions ( all gr[?4 7#d74 ,! multi=mity ( ! _w z a "q ( /r5g?1 :i* sees all ?+s 9 ! p]spective ( _! gr[?4 ,! moral ,*ri/ian values to be reg>d$ z ! insurrection & m5dacity ( slaves 79 comp>ison ) ! ari/ocratic values ( ! anci5t _w74 ,,second ,,book4 ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,highe/ ,,values ,,t ,,h ,,prevail$ ,,hi!rto4 ,i4 ,,criticism ,,( ,,religion4 ,all ! beauty & sublimity ) :i* we h inve/$ real & imag9$ ?+s1 ,i w %[ to be ! prop]ty & product ( man1 & ?is %\ld be 8 mo/ beautiful apology4 ,man z a poet1 z a ?9k]1 z a god1 z love1 z p[]4 ,oh1 ! regal lib]ality ) :i* he has lavi%$ gifts ^u ?+s 9 ord] to impov]i% himself & make himself feel wret*$6 ,hi!rto1 ?is has be5 8 greate/ dis9t]e/$ness1 t he admir$ & wor%ipp$1 & knew h[ to conceal f himself t he x 0 :o _h creat$ :at he admir$4 #a4 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,religions4 #ace4 ,! orig9 ( religion4--,j z ! illit]ate man ( to-day believes t 8 wra? is ! cause ( 8 be+ angry1 t 8 m9d is ! cause ( 8 ?9k+1 t 8 s\l is ! cause ( 8 feel+1 9 %ort1 j z a mass ( psy*ological entities are /ill un?9k+ly po/ulat$ z causes2 s1 9 a /ill m primitive age1 ! same ph5om5a 7 int]pret$ by man by means ( p]sonal entities4 ,^? conditions ( 8 s\l :i* seem$ /range1 ov]:elm+1 & raptur\s1 he reg>d$ z obsessions & bewit*+ influ5ces emanat+ f ! p[] ( "s p]sonality4 7,?us ! ,*ri/ian1 ! mo/ pu]ile & backw>d man ( ?is age1 traces hope1 peace1 & ! feel+ ( deliv]ance to a psy*ological inspiration on ! "p ( ,god3 be+ by nature a suff]] & a creature 9 ne$ ( repose1 /ates ( happ9ess1 peace1 & resignation1 p]=ce seem /range to him1 & seem to ne$ "s explanation47 ,among intellig5t1 /rong1 & vigor\s races1 ! epileptic is mo/ly ! cause ( a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( "s =eign p[]2 b all su* examples ( app>5t subjection--z1 = in/ance1 ! be>+ ( ! exalt$ man1 ( ! poet1 ( ! great crim9al1 or ! passions1 love & rev5ge--lead to ! inv5tion ( sup]natural p[]s4 ,a condition is made concrete by be+ id5tifi$ ) a p]sonality1 & :5 ?is condition ov]takes anybody1 x is ascrib$ to t p]sonality4 ,9 o!r words3 9 ! psy*ological concept ( ,god1 a c]ta9 /ate ( ! s\l is p]sonifi$ z a cause 9 ord] to appe> z an effect4 ,! psy*ological logic is z foll[s3 :5 ! feel+ ( p[] sudd5ly seizes & ov]:elms a man1--& ?is takes place 9 ! case ( all ! great passions1--a d\bt arises 9 him conc]n+ 8 own p]son3 he d>e n ?9k himself ! cause ( ?is a/oni%+ s5sation--& ?us he posits a /rong] p]son1 a ,godhead z its cause4 ,9 %ort1 ! orig9 ( religion lies 9 ! extreme feel+s ( p[]1 :i*1 be+ /range1 take m5 by surprise3 & j z ! sick man1 :o feels "o ( 8 limbs unacc\ntably heavy1 concludes t ano!r man mu/ be sitt+ on x1 s ! +5u\s homo religiosus1 divides himself up into sev]al p4 ,religion is an example ( ! altration de la p]sonalit4 ,a sort ( fe> & s5sation ( t]ror 9 "o's own pres5ce4444 ,b also a feel+ ( inord9ate rapture & exaltation4 ,among sick p1 ! s5sation ( heal? suffices to awak5 a belief 9 ! proximity ( ,god4 #acf4 ,rudim5t>y psy*ology ( ! religi\s man3--,all *anges are effects2 all effects are effects ( w 7! notion ( ,nature & ( natural law1 is lack+72 all effects presuppose an ag5t4 ,rudim5t>y psy*ology3 "o is only a cause oneself1 :5 "o kn[s t "o has will$ some?+4 ,result3 ,/ates ( p[] impute to man ! feel+ t he is n ! cause ( !m1 t he is n responsible = !m3 !y come )\t be+ will$ to d s--consequ5tly we _c be _! orig9ators3 w t is n free 7t is to say1 ! k ( a *ange 9 our condition :i* we h n help$ to br+ ab\t7 requires a /rong w4 ,consequ5ce ( ?is rudim5t>y psy*ology3 ,man has nev] d>$ to cr$it himself ) 8 /rong & />tl+ moods1 he has always conceiv$ !m z passive1 z impos$ ^u him f outside3 ,religion is ! (f%oot ( a d\bt conc]n+ ! entity ( ! p]son1 an altration ( ! p]sonality3 9 s f> z ev]y?+ great & /rong 9 man 0 consid]$ sup]human & =eign1 man belittl$ himself1--he laid ! two sides1 ! v pitiable & weak side1 & ! v /rong & />tl+ side ap>t1 9 two sph]es1 & call$ ! "o ,man & ! o!r ,god4 ,& he has cont9u$ to act on ^! l9es2 dur+ ! p]iod ( ! moral idiosyncrasy he did n int]pret 8 l(ty & sublime moral /ates z proce$+ f 8 own w or z ! "w ( ! p]son4 ,ev5 ! ,*ri/ian himself divides 8 p]sonality into two p>ts1 ! "o a mean & weak fiction :i* he calls man1 & ! o!r :i* he calls ,god 7,deliv]] & ,savi\r74 ,religion has l[]$ ! concept man2 its ultimate conclusion is t all goodness1 greatness1 & tru? are sup]human1 & are only obta9able by ! grace ( ,god4 #acg4 ,"o way ( rais+ man out ( 8 self-abasem5t1 :i* br\ght ab\t ! decl9e ( ! po9t ( view t class$ all l(ty & /rong /ates ( ! s\l1 z /range1 0 ! !ory ( relation%ip4 ,^! l(ty & /rong /ates ( ! s\l c\ld at lea/ be int]pret$ z ! influ5ce ( our =ebe>s2 we belong$ to ea* o!r1 we 7 irrevocably jo9$2 we grew 9 our own e/eem1 by act+ accord+ to ! example ( a model kn[n to u all4 ,!re is an attempt on ! "p ( noble families to associate religion ) _! own feel+s ( self-respect4 ,poets & se]s d ! same ?+2 !y feel pr\d t !y h be5 wor?y1--t !y h be5 select$ = su* association1--!y e/eem x an hon\r1 n to be consid]$ at all z individuals1 b z m]e m\?pieces 7,hom]74 ,man gradually takes possession ( ! highe/ & pr\de/ /ates ( 8 s\l1 z also ( 8 acts & 8 works4 ,=m]ly x 0 believ$ t "o paid oneself ! greate/ hon\r by d5y+ "o's own responsibility = ! highe/ de$s "o accompli%$1 & by ascrib+ !m to--,god4 ,! w :i* 0 n free1 appe>$ to be t :i* imp>t$ a high] value to a de$3 9 ^? days a god 0 po/ulat$ z ! au?or ( ! de$4 #ach4 ,prie/s are ! actors ( some?+ :i* is sup]natural1 ei!r 9 ! way ( ideals1 gods1 or savi\rs1 & !y h to make p believe 9 !m2 9 ?is !y f9d _! call+1 ?is is ! purpose ( _! in/9cts2 9 ord] to make x z cr$ible z possible1 !y h to ex]t !mselves to ! utmo/ ext5t 9 ! art ( pos+2 _! actor's sagacity mu/1 above all1 aim at giv+ !m a clean consci5ce1 by means ( :i*1 alone1 x is possible to p]suade effectively4 #aci4 ,! prie/ wi%es to make x an und]/ood ?+1 t he is ! highe/ type ( man1 t he rules1--ev5 ov] ^? :o wield ! p[]1--t he is indisp5sable & unassailable1--t he is ! /ronge/ p[] 9 ! community1 n by any means to be replac$ or und]valu$4 ,means !reto3 he alone is cultur$2 he alone is ! man ( virtue2 he alone has sov]eign p[] ov] himself3 he alone is1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 ,god1 & ultimately goes back to ! ,godhead2 he alone is ! middleman betwe5 ,god & o!rs2 ! ,godhead adm9i/]s puni%m5t to e "o :o puts ! prie/ at a disadvantage1 or :o ?9ks 9 opposition to him4 ,means !reto3 ,tru? exi/s4 ,!re is only "o way ( atta9+ to x1 & t is to become a prie/4 ,ev]y?+ good1 :i* relates ei!r to ord]1 nature1 or tradition1 is to be trac$ to ! wisdom ( ! prie/s4 ,! ,holy ,book is _! "w4 ,! :ole ( nature is only a fulfilm5t ( ! maxims :i* x conta9s4 ,no o!r s\rce ( goodness exi/s ?an ! prie/s4 ,e o!r k9d ( p]fection1 ev5 ! w>rior's1 is diff]5t 9 rank f t ( ! prie/s4 ,consequ5ce3 ,if ! prie/ is to be ! highe/ type1 !n ! degrees :i* lead to 8 virtues mu/ be ! degrees ( value among m54 ,/udy1 emancipation f mat]ial ?+s1 inactivity1 impassibility1 abs5ce ( passion1 solemnity2--! opposite ( all ?is is f\nd 9 ! l[e/ type ( man4 ,! prie/ has taught a k9d ( morality :i* conduc$ to 8 be+ consid]$ ! highe/ type ( man4 ,he conceives a type :i* is ! rev]se ( 8 own3 ! ,*&ala4 ,by mak+ ^! z contemptible z possible1 "s /r5g? is l5t to ! ord] ( ca/es4 ,! prie/'s excessive fe> ( s5suality also implies t ! latt] is ! mo/ s]i\s ?reat to ! ord] ( ca/es 7t is to say1 ord] 9 g5]al74444 ,e free t5d5cy 9 puncto puncti ov]?r[s ! laws ( m>riage4 #adj4 ,! philosoph] consid]$ z ! developm5t ( ! prie/ly type3--,he has ! h]itage ( ! prie/ 9 8 blood2 ev5 z a rival he is compell$ to fight ) ! same weapons z ! prie/ ( 8 "t2--he aspires to ! highe/ au?ority4 ,:at is x t be/[s au?ority ^u m5 :o h no physical p[] to wield 7no army1 no arms at all 44478 ,h[ d su* m5 ga9 au?ority ov] ^? :o are 9 possession ( mat]ial p[]1 & :o repres5t au?ority8 7,philosoph]s ent] ! li/s aga9/ pr9ces1 victori\s conqu]ors1 & wise /atesm547 ,!y c d x only by e/abli%+ ! belief t !y are 9 possession ( a p[] :i* is high] & /rong]--,god4 ,no?+ is /rong en\gh3 e "o is 9 ne$ ( ! m$iation & ! s]vices ( prie/s4 ,!y e/abli% !mselves z indisp5sable int]cessors4 ,! conditions ( _! exi/5ce are3 7#a7 ,t p believe 9 ! absolute sup]iority ( _! god1 9 fact believe 9 _! god'2 7#b7 t !re is no o!r access1 no direct access to god1 save ?r\gh !m4 ,! second condition alone gives rise to ! concept het]odoxy2 ! fir/ to ! concept disbeliev]s 7t is to say1 he :o believes 9 ano!r god74 #ada4 ,a ,criticism ( ! ,holy ,lie4--,t a lie is all[$ 9 pursuit ( holy ends 'is a pr9ciple :i* belongs to ! !ory ( all prie/craft1 & ! object ( ?is inquiry is to discov] to :at ext5t x belongs to its practice4 ,b philosoph]s1 too1 :5ev] !y int5d tak+ ov] ! lead]%ip ( mank9d1 ) ! ult]ior motives ( prie/s 9 _! m9ds1 h nev] fail$ to arrogate to !mselves ! "r to lie3 ,plato above all4 ,b ! mo/ elaborate ( lies is ! d\ble lie1 develop$ by ! typically ,arian philosoph]s ( ! ,v$anta3 two sy/ems1 contradict+ ea* o!r 9 all _! ma9 po9ts1 b int]*angeable1 complem5t>y1 & mutually expletory1 :5 educational ends 7 9 "q4 ,! lie ( ! "o has to create a condition 9 :i* ! tru? ( ! o!r c alone become intelligible4444 ,h[ f> does ! holy lie ( prie/s & philosoph]s g8--,! "q "h is1 :at hypo!ses d !y advance 9 reg>d to education1 & :at are ! dogmas !y are compell$ to inv5t 9 ord] to d ju/ice to ^! hypo!ses8 ,fir/3 !y mu/ h p[]1 au?ority1 & absolute cr$ibility on _! side4 ,secondly3 !y mu/ h ! direction ( ! :ole ( ,nature1 s t ev]y?+ affect+ ! individual seems to be det]m9$ by _! law4 ,?irdly3 _! doma9 ( p[] mu/ be v ext5sive1 9 ord] t its control may escape ! notice ( ^? !y subject3 !y mu/ "k ! p5al code ( ! life beyond--( ! life aft] dea?1--&1 ( c\rse1 ! means :]eby ! road to bless$ness may be discov]$4 ,!y h to put ! notion ( a natural c\rse ( ?+s out ( sight1 b z !y are intellig5t & ?\ghtful p1 !y are able to promise a ho/ ( effects1 :i* !y naturally say are condition$ by pray] or by ! /rict obs]vance ( _! law4 ,!y c1 moreov]1 prescribe a l>ge numb] ( ?+s :i* are exce$+ly reasonable --only !y mu/ n po9t to exp]i5ce or empiricism z ! s\rce ( ?is wisdom1 b to revelation or to ! fruits ( ! mo/ sev]e ex]cises ( p5ance4 ,! holy lie1 !re=e1 applies pr9cipally to ! purpose ( an action 7! natural purpose1 reason1 is made to vani%3 a moral purpose1 ! obs]vance ( "s law1 a s]vice to ,god1 seems to be ! purpose73 to ! consequ5ce ( an action 7! natural consequ5ce is int]pret$ z some?+ sup]natural1 &1 9 ord] to be on sur] gr\nd1 o!r incontrollable & sup]natural consequ5ces are =etold74 ,9 ?is way ! concepts good & evil are creat$1 & seem q divorc$ f ! natural concepts3 useful1 h>mful1 life-promot+1 life-ret>d+1--inde$1 inasmu* z ano!r life is imag9$1 ! =m] concepts may ev5 be antagoni/ic to ,nature's concepts ( good & evil4 ,9 ?is way1 ! prov]bial concept consci5ce is creat$3 an inn] voice1 :i*1 ?\gh x makes itself he>d 9 reg>d to e action1 does n measure ! wor? ( t action accord+ to its results1 b accord+ to its con=mity or non-con=mity to ! law4 ,! holy lie !re=e inv5t$3 7#a7 a god :o puni%es & rew>ds1 :o recognises & c>efully obs]ves ! law-book ( ! prie/s1 & :o is p>ticul> ab\t s5d+ !m into ! _w z 8 m\?pieces & pl5ipot5ti>ies2 7#b7 an ,aft] ,life1 9 :i*1 alone1 ! great p5al ma*9e is suppos$ to be active--to ?is end ! immortality ( ! s\l 0 inv5t$2 7#c7 a consci5ce 9 man1 und]/ood z ! k t good & evil are p]man5t values--t ,god himself speaks ?r\gh x1 :5ev] its c\nsels are 9 con=mity ) prie/ly precepts2 7#d7 ,morality z ! d5ial ( all natural processes1 z ! subjection ( all ph5om5a to a moral ord]1 z ! int]pretation ( all ph5om5a z ! effects ( a moral ord] ( ?+s 7t is to say1 ! concept ( puni%m5t & rew>d71 z ! only p[] & only creator ( all trans=mations2 7#e7 ,tru?s giv51 reveal$1 & id5tical ) ! tea*+ ( ! prie/s3 z ! condition to all salvation & happ9ess 9 ?is & ! next _w4 ,9 %ort3 :at is ! price paid = ! improvem5t suppos$ to be due to morality8--,! unh++ ( reason1 ! r$uction ( all motives to fe> & hope 7puni%m5t & rew>d72 dep5d5ce ^u ! tutelage ( prie/s1 & ^u a =mul>y exactitude :i* is suppos$ to express a div9e w2 ! implantation ( a consci5ce :i* e/abli%es a false sci5ce 9 ! place ( exp]i5ce & exp]im5t3 z ?\gh all "o _h to d or _h n to d 7 pr$et]m9$--a k9d ( contraction ( ! seek+ & /riv+ _s2--9 %ort3 ! wor/ mutilation ( man t c be imag9$1 & x is pret5d$ t ! good man is ! result4 ,practically speak+1 all reason1 ! :ole h]itage ( intellig5ce1 subtlety1 & caution1 ! fir/ condition ( ! prie/ly canon1 is arbitr>ily r$uc$1 :5 x is too late1 to a simple me*anical process3 con=mity ) ! law becomes a purpose 9 itself1 x is ! highe/ purpose2 ,life no long] conta9s any problems2--! :ole conception ( ! _w is pollut$ by ! notion ( puni%m5t2 --,life itself1 ow+ to ! fact t ! prie/s life is upheld z ! non plus ultra ( p]fection1 is trans=m$ into a d5ial & pollution ( life2--! concept ,god repres5ts an av]sion to ,life1 & ev5 a criticism & a contemn+ ( x4 ,tru? is trans=m$ 9 ! m9d1 into prie/ly prev>ication2 ! /riv+ aft] tru?1 into ! /udy ( ! ,scriptures1 into ! way to become a !ologian4 #adb4 ,a criticism ( ! ,law-,book ( ,manu4--,! :ole book is f\nd$ ^u ! holy lie4 ,0 x ! well-be+ ( humanity t inspir$ ! :ole ( ?is sy/em8 ,0 ?is k9d ( man1 :o believes 9 ! int]e/$ nature ( e action1 int]e/$ or n int]e/$ 9 ! success ( ?is sy/em8 ,! desire to improve mank9d--:5ce comes ! inspiration to ?is feel+8 ,:5ce is ! concept improvem5t tak58 ,we f9d a class ( m51 ! sac]dotal class1 :o consid] !mselves ! /&>d patt]n1 ! highe/ example & mo/ p]fect expression ( ! type man4 ,! notion ( improv+ mank9d1 to ?is class ( m51 means to make mank9d l !mselves4 ,!y believe 9 _! own sup]iority1 !y w be sup]ior 9 practice3 ! cause ( ! holy lie is ,! ,w to ,p[]4444 ,e/abli%m5t ( ! dom9ion3 to ?is end1 ideas :i* place a non plus ultra ( p[] ) ! prie/hood are made to prevail4 ,p[] acquir$ by ly+ 0 ! result ( ! recognition ( ! fact t x 0 n already possess$ physically1 9 a milit>y =m4444 ,ly+ z a supplem5t to p[]--?is is a new concept ( tru?4 ,x is a mi/ake to presuppose unconsci\s & innoc5t developm5t 9 ?is qu>t]--a sort ( self-deception4 ,fanatics are n ! discov]]s ( su* exhau/ive sy/ems ( oppression4444 ,cold-blood$ reflection mu/ h be5 at "w "h2 ! same sort ( reflection :i* ,plato %[$ :5 he work$ out 8 ,/ate--,"o mu/ desire ! means :5 "o desires ! end4 ,conc]n+ ?is political maxim1 all legislators h always be5 q cle>4 ,we possess ! classical model1 & x is specifically ,arian3 we c !re=e hold ! mo/ gift$ & mo/ reflective type ( man responsible = ! mo/ sy/ematic lie t has ev] be5 told4444 ,ev]y:]e almo/ ! lie 0 copi$1 & ?us ,avian influ5ce corrupt$ ! _w4444 #adc4 ,mu* is said to-day ab\t ! ,semitic _s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t3 b ! ?+ ref]r$ to is m]ely prie/craft1--& 9 ! pure/ example ( an ,arian law-book1 9 ,manu1 ?is k9d ( ,semitic _s--t is to say1 ,sac]dotalism1 is worse ?an any:]e else4 ,! developm5t ( ! ,jewi% hi]>*y is n orig9al3 !y le>nt ! s*eme 9 ,babylon--x is ,arian4 ,:51 lat] on1 ! same ?+ became dom9ant 9 ,europe1 "u ! prepond]ance ( ,g]manic blood1 ?is 0 9 con=mity to ! _s ( ! rul+ race3 a /rik+ case ( atavism4 ,! ,g]manic middle ages aim$ at a revival ( ! ,arian ord] ( ca/es4 ,mohamm$anism 9 its turn le>n$ f ,*ri/ianity ! use ( a ,beyond z an in/rum5t ( puni%m5t4 ,! s*eme ( a p]man5t community1 ) prie/s at its head--?is olde/ product ( ,asia's great culture 9 ! doma9 ( organisation--naturally provok$ reflection & imitation 9 e way4--,plato is an example ( ?is1 b above all1 ! ,egyptians4 #add4 ,moralities & religions are ! pr9cipal means by :i* "o c modify m5 into :atev] "o likes2 provid$ "o is possess$ ( an ov]fl[ ( creative p[]1 & c cause "o's w to prevail ov] long p]iods ( "t4 #ade4 ,if "o wi% to see an affirmative ,arian religion :i* is ! product ( a rul+ class1 "o %\ld read ! law-book ( ,manu4 7,! deification ( ! feel+ ( p[] 9 ! ,brahm93 x is int]e/+ to note t x orig9at$ 9 ! w>rior-ca/e1 & 0 lat] transf]r$ to ! prie/s47 ,if "o wi% to see an affirmative religion ( ! ,semitic ord]1 :i* is ! product ( ! rul+ class1 "o %\ld read ! ,koran or ! e>li] portions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 7,mohamm$anism1 z a religion = m51 has pr(\nd contempt = ! s5tim5tality & prev>ication ( ,*ri/ianity1 444 :i*1 accord+ to ,mohamm$ans1 is a woman's religion47 ,if "o wi% to see a negative religion ( ! ,semitic ord]1 :i* is ! product ( ! oppress$ class1 "o %\ld read ! ,new ,te/am5t 7:i*1 accord+ to ,indian & ,arian po9ts ( view1 is a religion = ! ,*&ala74 ,if "o wi% to see a negative ,arian religion1 :i* is ! product ( ! rul+ classes1 "o %\ld /udy ,buddhism4 ,x is q 9 ! nature ( ?+s t we h no ,arian religion :i* is ! product ( ! oppress$ classes2 = t w\ld h be5 a contradiction3 a race ( ma/]s is ei!r p>am\nt or else x goes to ! dogs4 #adf4 ,religion1 p] se1 has no?+ to d ) morality2 yet bo? (f%oots ( ! ,jewi% religion are ess5tially moral religions--:i* prescribe ! rules ( liv+1 & procure ob$i5ce to _! pr9ciples by means ( rew>ds & puni%m5t4 #adg4 ,paganism--,*ri/ianity4--,paganism is t :i* says yea to all t is natural1 x is innoc5ce 9 be+ natural1 naturalness4 ,*ri/ianity is t :i* says no to all t is natural1 x is a c]ta9 lack ( dignity 9 be+ natural2 ho/ility to ,nature4 ,innoc5t3--,petronius is innoc5t1 = in/ance4 ,beside ?is happy man a ,*ri/ian is absolutely devoid ( innoc5ce4 ,b s9ce ev5 ! ,*ri/ian /atus is ultimately only a natural condition1 ! t]m ,*ri/ian soon beg9s to mean ! c\nt]feit+ ( ! psy*ological int]pretation4 #adh4 ,! ,*ri/ian prie/ is f ! root a mortal enemy ( s5suality3 "o _c imag9e a great] contra/ to 8 attitude ?an ! guileless1 slightly aw$1 & solemn attitude1 :i* ! religi\s rites ( ! mo/ hon\rable wom5 9 ,a!ns ma9ta9$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! symbol ( sex4 ,9 all non-ascetic religions ! procreative act is ! secret p] se3 a sort ( symbol ( p]fection & ( ! designs ( ! future3 re-bir?1 immortality4 #adi4 ,our belief 9 ourselves is ! greate/ fett]1 ! mo/ tell+ spur1 & ! /ronge/ p9ion4 ,*ri/ianity ought to h elevat$ ! innoc5ce ( man to ! position ( an article ( belief--m5 w\ld !n h become gods3 9 ^? days believ+ 0 /ill possible4 #aej4 ,! egregi\s lie ( hi/ory3 z if x 7 ! corruption ( ,paganism t op5$ ! road to ,*ri/ianity4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 ! enfeeblem5t & moralisation ( ! man ( antiquity4 ,! new int]pretation ( natural functions1 :i* made !m appe> l vices1 _h already gone be=e6 #aea4 ,religions are ultimately wreck$ by ! belief 9 morality4 ,! idea ( ! ,*ri/ian moral ,god becomes unt5able1--h5ce ,a!ism1--z ?\gh !re c\ld be no o!r god4 ,culture is likewise wreck$ by ! belief 9 morality4 ,= :5 ! necess>y & only possible conditions ( its gr[? are reveal$1 nobody w any long] c\nt5ance x 7,buddhism74 #aeb4 ,! physiology ( ,nihili/ic religions4--,all 9 all1 ! ,nihili/ic religions are sy/ematis$ hi/ories ( sickness describ$ 9 religi\s & moral t]m9ology4 ,9 pagan cultures x is ar\nd ! int]pretation ( ! great annual cycles t ! religi\s cult turns2 9 ,*ri/ianity x is ar\nd a cycle ( p>alytic ph5om5a4 #aec4 ,?is ,nihili/ic religion ga!rs toge!r all ! decad5t elem5ts & ?+s ( l ord] :i* x c f9d 9 antiquity1 viz43-- 7a7 ,! weak & ! bot*$ 7! refuse ( ! anci5t _w1 & t ( :i* x rid itself ) mo/ viol5ce74 7b7 ,^? :o are morally obsess$ & anti-pagan4 7c7 ,^? :o are we>y ( politics & indiff]5t 7! blas ,romans71 ! d5ationalis$1 :o "k n :at !y are4 7d7 ,^? :o are tir$ ( !mselves--:o are happy to be p>ty to a subt]ranean conspiracy4 #aed4 ,buddha v]sus ,*ri/4--,among ! ,nihili/ic religions1 ,*ri/ianity & ,buddhism may always be %>ply di/+ui%$4 ,buddhism is ! expression ( a f9e ev5+1 p]fectly sweet & mild--x is a sort ( gratitude t[>ds all t lies hidd51 includ+ t :i* x entirely lacks1 viz41 bitt]ness1 disillusionm5t1 & res5tm5t4 ,f9ally x possesses l(ty intellectual love2 x has got ov] all ! subtlety ( philosophical contradictions1 & is ev5 re/+ aft] x1 ?\gh x is precisely f t s\rce t x d]ives its intellectual glory & its gl[ z ( a sunset 7x orig9at$ 9 ! high] classes74 ,*ri/ianity is a deg5]ative movem5t1 consi/+ ( all k9ds ( decay+ & excrem5tal elem5ts3 x is n ! expression ( ! d[nfall ( a race1 x is1 f ! root1 an agglom]ation ( all ! morbid elem5ts :i* are mutually attractive & :i* gravitate to "o ano!r4444 ,x is !re=e n a national religion1 n det]m9$ by race3 x appeals to ! dis9h]it$ ev]y:]e2 x consi/s ( a f\ndation ( res5tm5t aga9/ all t is successful & dom9ant3 x is 9 ne$ ( a symbol :i* repres5ts ! damnation ( ev]y?+ successful & dom9ant4 ,x is oppos$ to e =m ( intellectual movem5t1 to all philosophy3 x takes up ! cudgels = idiots1 & utt]s a curse ^u all intellect4 ,res5tm5t aga9/ ^? :o are gift$1 le>n$1 intellectually indep5d5t3 9 all ^! x suspects ! elem5t ( success & dom9ation4 #aee4 ,9 ,buddhism ?is ?\ght prevails3 ,all passions1 ev]y?+ :i* creates emotions & leads to blood1 is a call to action--to ?is ext5t alone are its believ]s w>n$ aga9/ evil4 ,= action has no s5se1 x m]ely b9ds "o to exi/5ce4 ,all exi/5ce1 h[ev]1 has no s5se4 ,evil is int]pret$ z t :i* leads to irrationalism3 to ! affirmation ( means ^: end is d5i$4 ,a road to non5tity is ! desid]atum1 h5ce all emotional impulses are reg>d$ ) horror4 ,= in/ance3 ,on no acc\nt seek aft] rev5ge6 ,be ! enemy ( no "o6--,! ,h$onism ( ! we>y f9ds its highe/ expression "h4 ,no?+ is m utt]ly =eign to ,buddhism ?an ! ,jewi% fanaticism ( ,/4 ,paul3 no?+ c\ld be m contr>y to its in/9ct ?an ! t5sion1 fire1 & unre/ ( ! religi\s man1 &1 above all1 t =m ( s5suality :i* sanctifies ,*ri/ianity ) ! "n ,love4 ,moreov]1 x is ! cultur$ & v intellectual classes :o f9d bless$ness 9 ,buddhism3 a race we>i$ & besott$ by c5turies ( philosophical qu>rels1 b n b5ea? all culture z ^? classes 7 f :i* ,*ri/ianity sprang4444 ,9 ! ,buddhi/ic ideal1 !re is ess5tially an emancipation f good & evil3 a v subtle sugge/ion ( a ,beyond to all morality is ?\ght out 9 its tea*+1 & ?is ,beyond is suppos$ to be compatible ) p]fection1--! condition be+1 t ev5 good actions are only ne$$ pro tem41 m]ely z a means1--t is to say1 9 ord] to be free f all action4 #aef4 ,h[ v curi\s x is to see a ,nihili/ic religion su* z ,*ri/ianity1 sprung f1 & 9 keep+ )1 a decrepit & worn-out p1 :o h outliv$ all /rong in/9cts1 be+ transf]r$ /ep by /ep to ano!r environm5t--t is to say1 to a l& ( "y p1 :o h n yet liv$ at all4 ,! joy ( ! f9al *apt]1 ( ! fold & ( ! ev5+1 prea*$ to b>b>ians & ,g]mans6 ,h[ ?or\ghly all ( x mu/ fir/ h be5 b>b>is$1 ,g]manis$6 ,to ^? :o _h dream$ ( a ,walhalla3 :o f\nd happ9ess only 9 w>6--,a sup]national religion prea*$ 9 ! mid/ ( *aos1 :]e no nations yet exi/$ ev54 #aeg4 ,! only way to refute prie/s & religions is ?is3 to %[ t _! errors are no long] b5efic5t--t !y are r h>mful2 9 %ort1 t _! own pro( ( p[] no long] holds good4444 #b4 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4 #aeh4 ,*ri/ianity z an hi/orical reality %\ld n be conf\nd$ ) t "o root :i* its "n recalls4 ,! o!r roots1 f :i* x has sprung1 are by f> ! m important4 ,x is an unprec$5t$ abuse ( names to id5tify su* manife/ations ( decay & su* abortions z ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ,*ri/ian belief1 & ,*ri/ian life1 ) t ,holy ,"n4 ,:at did ,*ri/ d5y8--,ev]y?+ :i* to-day is call$ ,*ri/ian4 #aei4 ,! :ole ( ! ,*ri/ian cre$--all ,*ri/ian tru?1 is idle falsehood & deception1 & is precisely ! rev]se ( t :i* 0 at ! bottom ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian movem5t4 ,all t :i* 9 ! ecclesia/ical s5se is ,*ri/ian1 is j exactly :at is mo/ radically anti-,*ri/ian3 cr[ds ( ?+s & p appe> in/ead ( symbols1 hi/ory takes ! place ( et]nal facts1 x is all =ms1 rites1 & dogmas in/ead ( a practice ( life4 ,to be really ,*ri/ian w\ld mean to be absolutely indiff]5t to dogmas1 cults1 prie/s1 *ur*1 & !ology4 ,! practice ( ,*ri/ianity is no m an impossible phantasy ?an ! practice ( ,buddhism is3 x is m]ely a means to happ9ess4 #afj4 ,jesus goes /raight to ! po9t1 ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 9 ! he>t1 & ,he does n f9d ! means 9 duty to ! ,jewi% ,*ur*2 ,he ev5 reg>ds ! reality ( ,judaism 7its ne$ to ma9ta9 itself7 z no?+2 ,he is conc]n$ purely ) ! inn] man4 ,nei!r does ,he make any?+ ( all ! co>se =ms relat+ to man's int]c\rse ) ,god3 ,he is oppos$ to ! :ole ( ! tea*+ ( rep5tance & atonem5t2 ,he po9ts out h[ man ought to live 9 ord] to feel himself deifi$1 & h[ futile x is on 8 "p to hope to live prop]ly by %[+ rep5tance & contrition = 8 s9s4 ,s9 is ( no acc\nt is practically 8 *ief /&po9t4 ,s91 rep5tance1 =giv5ess1--all ?is does n belong to ,*ri/ianity 444 x is ,judaism or ,paganism :i* has become mix$ up ) ,*ri/'s tea*+4 #afa4 ,! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 is a /ate ( ! he>t 7( *ildr5 x is writt51 = !irs is ! ,k+dom ( ,heav573 x has no?+ to d ) sup]t]re/rial ?+s4 ,! ,k+dom ( ,god come?1 n *ronologically or hi/orically1 n on a c]ta9 day 9 ! cal5d>2 x is n some?+ :i* "o day appe>s & 0 n previ\sly !re2 x is a *ange ( feel+ 9 ! individual1 x is some?+ :i* may come at any "t & :i* may be abs5t at any "t4444 #afb4 ,! ?ief on ! cross2--,:5 ! crim9al himself1 :o endures a pa9ful dea?1 decl>es3 ! way ?is ,jesus suff]s & dies1 )\t a murmur ( revolt or enmity1 graci\sly & resign$ly1 is ! only "r way1 he ass5ts to ! gospel2 & by ?is v fact he is 9 ,p>adise4444 #afc4 ,jesus bids u3--n to resi/1 ei!r by de$s or 9 our he>t1 him :o ill-treats u2 ,he bids u admit ( no gr\nds = sep>at+ ourselves f our wives2 ,he bids u make no di/9ction betwe5 =eign]s & fell[-c\ntrym51 /rang]s & famili>s2 ,he bids u %[ ang] to no "o1 & treat no "o ) contempt2--give alms secretly2 n to desire to become ri*2--n to swe>2--n to /& 9 judgm5t2--become reconcil$ ) our enemies & =give (f5ces2--n to wor%ip 9 public4 ,bless$ness is no?+ promis$3 x is "h1 ) u1 if we only wi% to live & act 9 a p>ticul> way4 #afd4 ,subsequ5t ,additions2--,! :ole ( ! prophet- & ?aumaturgi/-attitudes & ! bad temp]2 :ile ! conjur+-up ( a supreme tribunal ( ju/ice is an abom9able corruption 7see ,m>k vi4 #aa3 ,& :osoev] %all n receive y4444 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,x %all be m tol]able = ,sodom & ,gomorrha1 etc474 ,! fig tree 7,matt4 xxi4 #ah1 #ai73 ,n[ 9 ! morn+ z he return$ into ! city1 he hung]$4 ,& :5 he saw a fig tree 9 ! way1 he came to x1 & f\nd no?+ !reon1 b leaves only1 & said unto x1 ,let no fruit gr[ on !e h5ce=w>d = ev]4 ,& pres5tly ! fig tree )]$ away4 #afe4 ,! tea*+ ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts has become mix$ up ) ,*ri/ianity 9 a way :i* is q absurd2 ev]y?+ is !reby spoilt4 ,9 ! same way1 ! practice ( ! fir/ ecclesia militans1 ( ! ,apo/le ,paul & 8 attitude1 is put =w>d z if x _h be5 comm&$ or pr$et]m9$4 ,! subsequ5t glorification ( ! actual life & tea*+ ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians3 z if ev]y?+ _h be5 prescrib$ be=eh& & _h be5 only a matt] ( foll[+ directions----,& z = ! fulfilm5t ( scriptural prophecies3 h[ mu* ( all t is m ?an =g]y & cook+8 #aff4 ,jesus oppos$ a real life1 a life 9 tru?1 to ord9>y life3 no?+ c\ld h be5 m =eign to ,8 m9d ?an ! some:at heavy nons5se ( an et]nal ,pet]1--( ! et]nal duration ( a s+le p]son4 ,precisely :at ,he combats is ! exagg]at$ importance ( ! p]son3 h[ c ,he wi% to immortalise x8 ,he likewise combats ! hi]>*y )9 ! community2 ,he nev] promises a c]ta9 proportion ( rew>d = a c]ta9 proportion ( des]ts3 h[ c ,he h meant to tea* ! doctr9e ( puni%m5t & rew>d 9 a ,beyond8 #afg4 ,*ri/ianity is an +5u\s attempt at br++ ab\t a ,buddhi/ic movem5t 9 fav\r ( peace1 sprung f ! v he>t ( ! res5t+ masses 444 b trans=m$ by ,paul into a my/]i\s pagan cult1 :i* 0 ultimately able to accord ) ! :ole ( ,/ate organisation 444 & :i* c>ries on w>1 condemns1 tortures1 conjures1 & hates4 ,paul bases 8 tea*+ ^u ! ne$ ( my/]y felt by ! great masses capable ( religi\s emotions3 he seeks a victim1 a bloody phantasmagoria1 :i* may be equal to a conte/ ) ! images ( a secret cult3 ,god on ! cross1 ! dr9k+ ( blood1 ! unio my/ica ) ! victim4 ,he seeks ! prolongation ( life aft] dea? 7! bless$ & aton$ aft]-life ( ! individual s\l7 :i* he puts 9 causal relation ) ! victim already ref]r$ to 7accord+ to ! type ( ,dionysos1 ,mi?ras1 ,osiris74 ,he feels ! necessity ( br++ notions ( guilt & s9 into ! =egr\nd1 n a new practice ( life 7z ,jesus ,himself demon/rat$ & taught71 b a new cult1 a new belief1 a belief 9 a miracul\s metamorphosis 7,salvation ?r\gh belief74 ,he und]/ood ! great ne$s ( ! pagan worlds & he gave q an absolutely arbitr>y picture ( ^? two pla9 facts1 ,*ri/'s life & dea?4 ,he gave ! :ole a new acc5t1 alt]+ ! equilibrium ev]y:]e 444 he 0 "o ( ! mo/ active de/roy]s ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,! attempt made on ! life ( prie/s & !ologians culm9at$1 ?anks to ,paul1 9 a new prie/hood & !ology--a rul+ ca/e & a ,*ur*4 ,! attempt made to suppress ! fussy importance ( ! p]son1 culm9at$ 9 ! belief 9 ! et]nal p]sonality 7& 9 ! anxiety conc]n+ et]nal salvation 44471 & 9 ! mo/ p>adoxical exagg]ation ( individual egoism4 ,?is is ! humor\s side ( ! "q--tragic hum\r3 ,paul aga9 set up on a l>ge scale precisely :at ,jesus _h ov]?r[n by ,8 life4 ,at la/1 :5 ! ,*ur* edifice 0 complete1 x ev5 sanction$ ! exi/5ce ( ! ,/ate4 #afh4 ,! ,*ur* is precisely t aga9/ :i* ,jesus inveigh$--& aga9/ :i* ,he taught ,8 disciples to fight4 #afi4 ,a ,god :o di$ = our s9s1 salvation ?r\gh fai?1 resurrection aft] dea?--all ^! ?+s are ! c\nt]feit co9s ( real ,*ri/ianity1 = :i* t p]nici\s blockhead ,paul mu/ be held responsible4 ,! life :i* mu/ s]ve z an example consi/s 9 love & humility2 9 ! abundance ( he>ty emotion :i* does n ev5 exclude ! l[lie/2 9 ! =mal r5unciation ( all desire ( mak+ its rights felt2 9 conque/1 9 ! s5se ( triumph ov] oneself2 9 ! belief 9 salvation 9 ?is _w1 despite all sorr[1 opposition1 & dea?2 9 =giv5ess & ! abs5ce ( ang] & contempt2 9 ! abs5ce ( a desire to be rew>d$2 9 ! refusal to be b\nd to anybody2 ab&onm5t to all t is mo/ spiritual & intellectual2--9 fact1 a v pr\d life controll$ by ! w ( a s]vile & poor life4 ,once ! ,*ur* _h all[$ itself to take ov] all ! ,*ri/ian practice1 & _h =mally sanction$ ! ,/ate1--t k9d ( life :i* ,jesus combats & condemns1--x 0 oblig$ to lay ! s5se ( ,*ri/ianity 9 o!r ?+s ?an e>ly ,*ri/ian ideals--t is to say1 9 ! fai? 9 incr$ible ?+s1 9 ! c]emonial ( pray]s1 wor%ip1 fea/s1 etc4 etc4 ,! notions s91 =giv5ess1 puni%m5t1 rew>d--ev]y?+1 9 fact1 :i* _h no?+ 9 common )1 & 0 q abs5t f1 primitive ,*ri/ianity1 n[ comes into ! =egr\nd4 ,an appall+ /ew ( ,greek philosophy & ,judaism2 asceticism2 cont9ual judgm5ts & condemnations2 ! ord] ( rank1 etc4 #agj4 ,*ri/ianity has1 f ! fir/1 always trans=m$ ! symbolical into crude realities3 7#a7 ,! anti!ses true life & false life 7 misund]/ood & *ang$ into life "h & life beyond4 7#b7 ,! notion et]nal life1 z oppos$ to ! p]sonal life :i* is ephem]al1 is translat$ into p]sonal immortality2 7#c7 ,! process ( frat]nis+ by means ( %>+ ! same food & dr9k1 aft] ! ,hebrew-,arabian mann]1 is int]pret$ z ! miracle ( transub/antiation4 7#d7 ,resurrection :i* 0 int5d$ to mean ! entrance to ! true life1 9 ! s5se ( be+ intellectually born aga91 becomes an hi/orical cont+5cy1 suppos$ to take place at "s mom5t aft] dea?2 7#e7 ,! tea*+ ( ! ,son ( man z ! ,son ( ,god1--t is to say1 ! life-relation%ip betwe5 man & ,god1--becomes ! second p]son ( ! ,tr9ity1 & ?us ! filial relation%ip ( e man--ev5 ! l[e/--to ,god1 is done away )2 7#f7 ,salvation ?r\gh fai? 7t is to say1 t !re is no o!r way to ?is filial relation%ip to ,god1 save ?r\gh ! practice ( life taught by ,*ri/7 becomes trans=m$ into ! belief t !re is a miracul\s way ( aton+ = all s92 ?\gh n ?r\gh our own endeav\rs1 b by means ( ,*ri/3 ,= all ^! purposes1 ,*ri/ on ! ,cross _h to be int]pret$ afre%4 ,! dea? itself w\ld c]ta9ly n be ! pr9cipal feature ( ! ev5t 444 x 0 only ano!r sign po9t+ to ! way 9 :i* "o %\ld behave t[>ds ! au?orities & ! laws ( ! _w--t "o 0 n to def5d oneself--?is 0 ! exempl>y life4 #aga4 ,conc]n+ ! psy*ology ( ,paul4--,! important fact is ,*ri/'s dea?4 ,?is rema9s to be expla9$ 4444 ,t !re may be tru? or error 9 an explanation nev] ent]$ ^! p's heads3 "o day a sublime possibility /rikes !m1 ,8 dea? might mean s & s --& x =?) becomes s & s4 ,an hypo!sis is prov$ by ! sublime ard\r x l5ds to its discov]]4444 ,! pro( ( /r5g?3 i4e41 a ?\ght is demon/rat$ by its effects 7by _! fruits1 z ! ,bible +5u\sly says72 t :i* fires en?usiasm mu/ be true1--:at "o loses "o's blood = mu/ be true-- ,9 e dep>tm5t ( ?is _w ( ?\ght1 ! sudd5 feel+ ( p[] :i* an idea imp>ts to him :o is responsible = x1 is plac$ to ! cr$it ( t idea3--& z !re seems no o!r way ( hon\r+ an idea ?an by call+ x true1 ! fir/ epi!t x is hon\r$ ) is ! ^w true4 444 ,h[ c\ld x h any effect o!rwise8 ,x 0 imag9$ by "s p[]3 if t p[] 7 n real1 x c\ld n be ! cause ( any?+4444 ,! ?\ght is !n und]/ood z inspir$3 ! effect x causes has some?+ ( ! viol5t nature ( a demoniacal influ5ce-- ,a ?\ght :i* a decad5t l ,paul c\ld n resi/ & to :i* he completely yields1 is ?us prov$ true666 ,all ^! holy epileptics & vision>ies did n possess a ?\s&? "p ( ! hone/y 9 self-criticism ) :i* a philologi/1 n[adays1 reads a text1 or te/s ! tru? ( an hi/orical ev5t4444 ,beside u1 su* p 7 moral cret9s4 #agb4 ,x matt]s little :e!r a ?+ be true1 provid$ x be effective3 total abs5ce ( intellectual uprightness4 ,ev]y?+ is good1 :e!r x be ly+1 sl&]1 or %ameless cook+1 provid$ x s]ve to height5 ! degree ( heat to ! po9t at :i* p believe4 ,we are face to face ) an actual s*ool = ! tea*+ ( ! means :]e) m5 are s$uc$ to a belief3 we see sy/ematic contempt = ^? sph]es :5ce contradiction might come 7t is to say1 = reason1 philosophy1 wisdom1 d\bt1 & caution72 a %ameless prais+ & glorification ( ! tea*+1 ) cont9ual ref]5ces to ! fact t x 0 ,god :o pres5t$ u ) x--t ! apo/le signifies no?+--t no criticism is brook$1 b only fai?1 acceptance2 t x is ! greate/ bless+ & fav\r to receive su* a doctr9e ( salvation2 t ! /ate 9 :i* "o %\ld receive x1 ought to be "o ( ! pr(\nde/ ?ankfulness & humility4444 ,! res5tm5t :i* ! l[ly feel aga9/ all ^? 9 high places1 is cont9ually turn$ to acc\nt3 ! fact t ?is tea*+ is reveal$ to !m z ! rev]se ( ! wisdom ( ! _w1 aga9/ ! p[] ( ! _w1 s$uces !m to x4 ,?is tea*+ conv9ces ! outca/s & ! bot*$ ( all sorts & conditions2 x promises bless$ness1 advantages1 & privileges to ! mo/ insignificant & mo/ humble m52 x fanaticises ! poor1 ! small1 & ! fooli%1 & fills !m ) insane vanity1 z ?\gh !y 7 ! mean+ & salt ( ! e>?4 ,aga91 ,i say1 all ?is _c be suffici5tly contemn$1 we sp>e ourselves a criticism ( ! tea*+2 x is suffici5t to take note ( ! means x uses 9 ord] to be aw>e ( ! nature ( ! ph5om5on "o is exam9+4 ,x id5tifi$ itself ) virtue1 x appropriat$ ! :ole ( ! fasc9at+ p[] ( virtue1 %amelessly1 = its own purposes 444 x avail$ itself ( ! p[] ( p>adox1 & ( ! ne$1 manife/$ by old civilisation1 = pepp] & absurdity2 x amaz$ & revolt$ at ! same "t2 x provok$ p]secutions & ill-treatm5t4 ,x is ! same k9d ( well-?\ght-out meanness ) :i* ! ,jewi% prie/hood e/abli%$ _! p[] & built up _! ,*ur*4444 ,"o mu/ be able to disc]n3 7#a7 t w>m? ( passion love 7re/+ on a base ( ard5t s5suality72 7#b7 ! ?or\ghly ignoble "* ( ,*ri/ianity3--! cont9ual exagg]ation & v]bosity2--! lack ( cool intellectuality & irony2--! unmilit>y "* ( all its in/9cts2--! prie/ly prejudices aga9/ manly pride1 s5suality1 ! sci5ces1 ! arts4 #agc4 ,paul3 seeks p[] aga9/ rul+ ,judaism1--8 attempt is too weak4444 ,transvaluation ( ! notion ,jew3 ! race is put aside3 b t means d5y+ ! v basis ( ! :ole /ructure4 ,! m>tyr1 ! fanatic1 ! value ( all /rong belief4 ,*ri/ianity is ! =m ( decay ( ! old _w1 aft] ! latt]'s collapse1 & x is *>act]is$ by ! fact t x br+s all ! mo/ sickly & unheal?y elem5ts & ne$s to ! top4 ,consequ5tly o!r in/9cts _h to /ep into ! =egr\nd1 9 ord] to con/itute an entity1 a p[] able to /& alone--9 %ort1 a condition ( t5se sorr[ 0 necess>y1 l t out ( :i* ! ,jews _h d]iv$ _! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation4444 ,! p]secution ( ,*ri/ians 0 invaluable = ?is purpose4 ,unity 9 ! face ( dang]2 ! conv]sion ( ! masses becomes ! only means ( putt+ an end to ! p]secution ( ! individual4 7,! notion conv]sion is !re=e made z ela/ic z possible47 #agd4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,judaic life3 "h res5tm5t did n prevail4 ,! great p]secutions alone c\ld h driv5 out ! passions to t ext5t--z also ! ard\r ( love & hate4 ,:5 ! creatures a man mo/ loves are sacrific$ be=e 8 eyes = ! sake ( 8 fai?1 t man becomes aggressive2 ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity is due to its p]secutors4 ,asceticism is n specifically ,*ri/ian3 ?is is :at ,s*op5hau] misund]/ood4 ,x only %oots up 9 ,*ri/ianity1 :]ev] x w\ld h exi/$ )\t t religion4 ,melan*oly ,*ri/ianity1 ! torture & torm5t ( ! consci5ce1 also only a peculi>ity ( a p>ticul> soil1 :]e ,*ri/ian values h tak5 root3 x is n ,*ri/ianity prop]ly speak+4 ,*ri/ianity has absorb$ all ! diff]5t k9ds ( diseases :i* gr[ f morbid soil3 "o c\ld refute x at "o bl[ by %[+ t x did n "k h[ to resi/ any contagion4 ,b t precisely is ! ess5tial feature ( x4 ,*ri/ianity is a type ( decad5ce4 #age4 ,! reality on :i* ,*ri/ianity 0 able to build up its p[] consi/$ ( ! small disp]s$ ,jewi% families1 ) _! w>m?1 t5d]ness1 & peculi> read9ess to help1 :i*1 to ! :ole ( ! ,roman ,empire1 0 p]haps ! mo/ incompreh5sible & lea/ famili> ( _! *>act]i/ics2 !y 7 also unit$ by _! pride at be+ a *os5 p1 conceal$ b5ea? a cloak ( humility1 & by _! secret d5ial ( all t 0 upp]mo/ & t possess$ p[] & spl5d\r1 al?\gh !re 0 no %ade ( envy 9 _! d5ial4 ,to h recognis$ ?is z a p[]1 to h reg>d$ ?is bless$ /ate z communicable1 s$uctive1 & infecti\s ev5 :]e pagans 7 conc]n$--?is con/itut$ ,paul's g5ius3 to use up ! treasure ( lat5t en]gy & cauti\s happ9ess = ! purposes ( a ,jewi% ,*ur* ( free confession1 & to avail himself ( all ! ,jewi% exp]i5ce1 _! propag&a1 & _! exp]tness 9 ! pres]vation ( a community "u a =eign p[]--?is is :at he conceiv$ to be 8 duty4 ,he x 0 :o discov]$ t absolutely unpolitical & isolat$ body ( paltry p1 & _! art ( ass]t+ !mselves & pu%+ !mselves to ! front1 by means ( a ho/ ( acquir$ virtues :i* are made to repres5t ! only =ms ( virtue 7! self-pres]vative measure & weapon ( success ( a c]ta9 class ( man74 ,! pr9ciple ( love comes f ! small community ( ,jewi% p3 a v passionate s\l gl[s "h1 b5ea? ! a%es ( humility & wret*$ness3 x is nei!r ,greek1 ,indian1 nor ,g]man4 ,! song 9 praise ( love :i* ,paul wrote is n ,*ri/ian2 x is ! ,jewi% fl>e ( t et]nal flame :i* is ,semitic4 ,if ,*ri/ianity has done any?+ ess5tially new 9 a psy*ological s5se1 x is ?is1 t x has increas$ ! temp]ature ( ! s\l among ^? cool] & m noble races :o 7 at "o "t at ! head ( affairs2 x discov]$ t ! mo/ wret*$ life c\ld be made ri* & invaluable1 by means ( an elevation ( ! temp]ature ( ! s\l4444 ,x is easily und]/ood t a transf] ( ?is sort c\ld n take place among ! rul+ classes3 ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians 7 at a disadvantage ow+ to _! bad mann]s--spiritual /r5g? & passion1 :5 accompani$ by bad mann]s1 only provoke loa?+ 7,i become aw>e ( ^! bad mann]s :ile read+ ! ,new ,te/am5t74 ,x 0 necess>y to be relat$ bo? 9 bas5ess & sorr[ ) ?is type ( l[] manhood 9 ord] to feel any?+ attractive 9 him4444 ,! attitude a man ma9ta9s t[>ds ! ,new ,te/am5t is a te/ ( ! am\nt ( ta/e he may h = ! classics 7see ,tacitus72 he :o is n revolt$ by x1 he :o does n feel hone/ly & deeply t he is 9 ! pres5ce ( a sort ( fda sup]/itio :5 read+ x1 & :o does n draw 8 h& back s z n to soil 8 f+]s--su* a man does n "k :at is classical4 ,a man mu/ feel ab\t ! cross z ,goe! did4#a ,footnote #a3 ,vieles kann i* ertrag54 ,die mei/5 bes*w]li*5 ,d+e ,duld' i* mit ruhigem ,mut1 wie es e9 ,gott mir gebeut4 ,w5ige s9d mir j$o* wie ,gift und ,s*lange zuwid]2 ,vi]e3 ,rau* des ,tabaks1 ,wanz51 und ,knoblau* und ,goe!'s ,v5etian ,epigrams1 ,no4 #fg4 ,mu* c ,i be>4 ,?+s ! mo/ irksome ,i endure ) su* pati5ce z comes f a god4 ,f\r ?+s1 h[ev]1 repulse me l v5om3--,tobacco smoke1 g>lic1 bugs1 & ! cross4 7,,translator',s ,,note47 #agf4 ,! reaction ( paltry p3--,love provides ! feel+ ( highe/ p[]4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood to :at ext5t1 n man 9 g5]al1 b only a c]ta9 k9d ( man is speak+ "h4 ,we are godly 9 love1 we %all be '! *ildr5 ( ,god'2 ,god loves u & wants no?+ f u save love2 t is to say3 all morality1 ob$i5ce1 & action1 d n produce ! same feel+ ( p[] & fre$om z love does2--a man does no?+ wick$ f %e] love1 b he does mu* m ?an if he 7 prompt$ by ob$i5ce & virtue alone4 ,"h is ! happ9ess ( ! h]d1 ! communal feel+ 9 big ?+s z 9 small1 ! liv+ s5tim5t ( unity felt z ! sum ( ! feel+ ( life4 ,help+1 c>+ =1 & be+ useful1 con/antly k9dle ! feel+ ( p[]2 visible success1 ! expression ( pleasure1 emphasise ! feel+ ( p[]2 pride is n lack+ ei!r1 x is felt 9 ! =m ( ! community1 ! ,h\se ( ,god1 & ! *os5 p4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 man has once m exp]i5c$ an altration ( 8 p]sonality3 ?is "t he call$ 8 feel+ ( love--,god4 ,! awak5+ ( su* a feel+ mu/ be pictur$2 x is a sort ( ec/asy1 a /range language1 a ,gospel--x 0 ?is newness :i* did n all[ man to attribute love to himself--he ?\ght x 0 ,god lead+ him on & tak+ %ape 9 8 he>t4 ,god desc5ds among m51 "o's neighb\r is transfigur$ & becomes a ,god 79 s f> z he provokes ! s5tim5t ( love71 ,jesus is ! neighb\r1 ! mom5t ,he is transfigur$ 9 ?\ght into a ,god1 & into a cause provok+ ! feel+ ( p[]4 #agg4 ,believ]s are aw>e t !y owe an inf9ite am\nt to ,*ri/ianity1 & !re=e conclude t its ,f\nd] mu/ h be5 a man ( ! fir/ rank4444 ,?is conclusion is false1 b x is typical ( ! rev]5ts4 ,reg>d$ objectively1 x is1 9 ! fir/ place1 j possible t !y are mi/ak5 conc]n+ ! ext5t ( _! debt to ,*ri/ianity3 a man's convictions prove no?+ conc]n+ ! ?+ he is conv9c$ ab\t1 & 9 religions !y are m likely to give rise to suspicions4444 ,secondly1 x is possible t ! debt ow+ to ,*ri/ianity is n due to its ,f\nd] at all1 b to ! :ole /ructure1 ! :ole ?+--to ! ,*ur*1 etc4 ,! notion ,f\nd] is s v equivocal1 t x may /& ev5 = ! accid5tal cause ( a movem5t3 ! p]son ( ! ,f\nd] has be5 inflat$ 9 proportion z ! ,*ur* has gr[n3 b ev5 ?is process ( v5]ation all[s ( ! conclusion t1 at "o "t or o!r1 ?is ,f\nd] 0 some?+ exce$+ly insecure & d\btful--9 ! beg9n+4444 ,let any "o ?9k ( ! free & easy way 9 :i* ,paul treats ! problem ( ! p]sonality ( ,jesus1 h[ he almo/ juggles ) x3 "s "o :o di$1 :o 0 se5 aft] ,8 dea?1--"s "o :om ! ,jews deliv]$ up to dea?--all ?is 0 only ! !me--,paul wrote ! music to x4 #agh4 ,! f\nd] ( a religion may be q insignificant--a wax ve/a & no m6 #agi4 ,conc]n+ ! psy*ological problem ( ,*ri/ianity4--,! driv+ =ces are3 res5tm5t1 popul> insurrection1 ! revolt ( ! bungl$ & ! bot*$4 7,9 ,buddhism x is diff]5t3 x is n born ( res5tm5t4 ,x r combats res5tm5t because ! latt] leads to action67 ,?is p>ty1 :i* /&s = fre$om1 und]/&s t ! ab&onm5t ( antagonism 9 ?\ght & de$ is a condition ( di/9ction & pres]vation4 ,"h lies ! psy*ological difficulty :i* has /ood 9 ! way ( ,*ri/ianity be+ und]/ood3 ! =ce :i* creat$ x1 urges to a /ruggle aga9/ itself4 ,only z a p>ty /&+ = peace & innoc5ce c ?is insurrection>y movem5t hope to be successful3 x mu/ conqu] by means ( excessive mildness1 sweetness1 s(tness1 & its in/9cts are aw>e ( ?is4 ,! feat 0 to d5y & condemn ! =ce1 ( :i* man is ! expression1 & to press ! rev]se ( t =ce cont9ually to ! =e1 by ^w & de$4 #ahj4 ,! pret5ce ( y\?fulness4--,x is a mi/ake to imag9e t1 ) ,*ri/ianity1 an +5u\s & y\?ful p rose aga9/ an old culture2 ! /ory goes t x 0 out ( ! l[e/ levels ( society1 :]e ,*ri/ianity fl\ri%$ & %ot its roots1 t ! m pr(\nd s\rce ( life gu%$ =? afre%3 b no?+ c be und]/ood ( ! psy*ology ( ,*ri/ianity1 if x be suppos$ t x 0 ! expression ( reviv$ y\? among a p1 or ( ! resuscitat$ /r5g? ( a race4 ,x is r a typical =m ( decad5ce1 ( moral-s(t5+ & ( hy/]ia1 amid a g5]al hot*-pot* ( races & p t _h lo/ all aims & _h gr[n we>y & sick4 ,! wond]ful company :i* ga!r$ r\nd ?is ma/]-s$uc] ( ! populace1 w\ld n be at all out ( place 9 a ,russian novel3 all ! diseases ( ! n]ves seem to give "o ano!r a r5dezv\s 9 ?is cr[d--! abs5ce ( a kn[n duty1 ! feel+ t ev]y?+ is ne>+ its end1 t no?+ is any long] wor? :ile1 & t cont5tm5t lies 9 dolce f> ni5te4 ,! p[] & c]ta9ty ( ! future 9 ! ,jew's in/9ct1 its mon/r\s w = life & = p[]1 lies 9 its rul+ classes2 ! p :o upheld primitive ,*ri/ianity are be/ di/+ui%$ by ?is exhau/$ condition ( _! in/9cts4 ,on ! "o h&1 !y are sick ( ev]y?+2 on ! o!r1 !y are cont5t ) ea* o!r1 ) !mselves & = !mselves4 #aha4 ,*ri/ianity reg>d$ z emancipat$ ,judaism 7j z a nobility :i* is bo? racial & indig5\s ultimately emancipates itself f ^! conditions1 & goes 9 se>* ( k9dr$ elem5ts444474 7#a7 ,z a ,*ur* 7community7 on ! t]ritory ( ! ,/ate1 z an unpolitical in/itution4 7#b7 ,z life1 bre$+1 practice1 art ( liv+4 7#c7 ,z a religion ( s9 7s9 committ$ aga9/ ,god1 be+ ! only recognis$ k9d1 & ! only cause ( all suff]+71 ) a univ]sal cure = x4 ,!re is no s9 save aga9/ ,god2 :at is done aga9/ m51 man %all n sit 9 judgm5t ^u1 nor call to acc\nt1 except 9 ! "n ( ,god4 ,at ! same "t1 all comm&m5ts 7love73 ev]y?+ is associat$ ) ,god1 & all acts are p]=m$ accord+ to ,god's w4 ,b5ea? ?is arrangem5t !re lies exceptional intellig5ce 7a v n>r[ life1 su* z t l$ by ! ,esquimaux1 c only be endur$ by mo/ peaceful & indulg5t p3 ! ,judo-,*ri/ian dogma turns aga9/ s9 9 fav\r ( ! s9n]74 #ahb4 ,! ,jewi% prie/hood und]/ood h[ to pres5t ev]y?+ x claim$ to be "r z a div9e precept1 z an act ( ob$i5ce to ,god1 & also to introduce all ^? ?+s :i* conduc$ to pres]ve ,israel & 7 ! conditions ( its exi/5ce 7= in/ance3 ! l>ge numb] ( works3 circumcision & ! cult ( sacrifices1 z ! v pivot ( ! national consci5ce71 n z ,nature1 b z ,god4 ,?is process cont9u$2 )9 ! v he>t ( ,judaism1 :]e ! ne$ ( ^! works 0 n felt 7t is to say1 z a means ( keep+ a race di/9ct71 a prie/ly sort ( man 0 pictur$1 ^: be>+ t[>ds ! ari/ocracy 0 l t ( noble nature2 a sac]dotalism ( ! s\l1 :i* n[1 9 ord] to ?r[ its opposite into /rong relief1 atta*es value1 n to ! dutiful acts !mselves1 b to ! s5tim5t4444 ,at bottom1 ! problem 0 once aga91 h[ to make a c]ta9 k9d ( s\l prevail3 x 0 also a popul> insurrection 9 ! mid/ ( a prie/ly p--a pieti/ic movem5t com+ f bel[ 7s9n]s1 publicans1 wom51 & *ildr574 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 ! symbol ( _! sect4 ,& aga91 9 ord] to believe 9 !mselves1 !y 7 9 ne$ ( a !ological transfiguration3 !y require no?+ less ?an ! ,son ( ,god 9 ord] to create a belief = !mselves4 ,& j z ! prie/hood _h falsifi$ ! :ole hi/ory ( ,israel1 ano!r attempt 0 made1 "h1 to alt] & falsify ! :ole hi/ory ( mank9d 9 su* a way z to make ,*ri/ianity seem l ! mo/ important ev5t x conta9$4 ,?is movem5t c\ld h orig9at$ only ^u ! soil ( ,judaism1 ! ma9 feature ( :i* 0 ! conf\nd+ ( guilt ) sorr[ & ! r$uction ( all s9 to s9 aga9/ ,god4 ,( all ?is1 ,*ri/ianity is ! second degree ( p[]4 #ahc4 ,! symbolism ( ,*ri/ianity is bas$ ^u t ( ,judaism1 :i* _h already transfigur$ all reality 7hi/ory1 ,nature7 into a holy & artificial unreality--:i* refus$ to recognise real hi/ory1 & :i* %[$ no m int]e/ 9 a natural c\rse ( ?+s4 #ahd4 ,! ,jews made ! attempt to prevail1 aft] two ( _! ca/es--! w>rior & ! agricultural ca/es1 _h disappe>$ f _! mid/4 ,9 ?is s5se !y are ! ca/rat$ p3 !y h _! prie/s & !n--_! ,*&ala4444 ,h[ easily a di/urbance occurs among !m--an insurrection ( _! ,*&ala4 ,?is 0 ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,ow+ to ! fact t !y _h no k ( w>riors except z _! ma/]s1 !y introduc$ enmity t[>ds ! nobles1 ! m5 ( hon\r1 pride1 & p[]1 & ! rul+ classes1 into _! religion3 !y are pessimi/s f indignation4444 ,?us !y creat$ a v important & novel position3 ! prie/s 9 ! van ( ! ,*&ala--aga9/ ! noble classes4444 ,*ri/ianity 0 ! logical conclusion ( ?is movem5t3 ev5 9 ! ,jewi% prie/hood1 x /ill sc5t$ ! exi/5ce ( ! ca/e1 ( ! privileg$ & noble m9ority--x !re=e did away ) prie/s4 ,*ri/ is ! unit ( ! ,*&ala :o removes ! prie/ 444 ! ,*&ala :o r$eems himself4444 ,t is :y ! ,fr5* ,revolution is ! l9eal desc5dant & ! cont9uator ( ,*ri/ianity-- x is *>act]is$ by an in/9ct ( hate t[>ds ca/es1 nobles1 & ! la/ privileges4 #ahe4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,ideal put on ! /age ) ,jewi% a/ut5ess--^! are ! fundam5tal psy*ological =ces ( its nature3-- ,revolt aga9/ ! rul+ spiritual p[]s2 ,! attempt to make ^? virtues :i* facilitate ! happ9ess ( ! l[ly1 a /&>d ( all values--9 fact1 to call ,god t :i* is no m ?an ! self-pres]vative in/9ct ( t class ( man possess$ ( lea/ vitality2 ,ob$i5ce & absolute ab/5tion f w> & resi/ance1 ju/ifi$ by ?is ideal2 ,! love ( "o ano!r z a result ( ! love ( ,god4 ,! trick3 ,! d5ial ( all natural mobilia1 & _! transf]5ce to ! spiritual _w beyond 444 ! exploitation ( virtue & its v5]ation = :olly int]e/$ motives1 gradual d5ial ( virtue 9 ev]y?+ t is n ,*ri/ian4 #ahf4 ,! pr(\nd contempt ) :i* ! ,*ri/ian 0 treat$ by ! noble p ( antiquity1 is ( ! same ord] z ! pres5t in/9ctive av]sion to ,jews3 x is ! hatr$ :i* free & self-respect+ classes feel t[>ds ^? :o wi% to creep 9 secretly1 & :o comb9e an awkw>d be>+ ) fooli% self-suffici5cy4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is ! gospel ( a completely ignoble species ( man2 its pret5sions to highe/ values--yea1 to all values1 is1 z a matt] ( fact1 revolt+--ev5 n[adays4 #ahg4 ,h[ little ! subject matt]s6 ,x is ! _s :i* gives ! ?+ life6 ,:at a quantity ( /uffy & sick-room air !re is 9 all t *att] ab\t r$emption1 love1 bless$ness1 fai?1 tru?1 et]nal life6 ,let any "o look into a really pagan book & comp>e ! two2 = in/ance1 9 ,petronius1 no?+ at all is done1 said1 desir$1 & valu$1 :i*1 accord+ to a bigot$ ,*ri/ian e/imate1 is n s91 or ev5 deadly s94 ,& yet h[ happy "o feels ) ! pur] air1 ! sup]ior intellectuality1 ! quick] pace1 & ! free ov]fl[+ /r5g? :i* is c]ta9 ( ! future6 ,9 ! :ole ( ! ,new ,te/am5t !re is n "o b\ffonn]ie3 b t fact alone w\ld suffice to refute any book4444 #ahh4 ,! pr(\nd lack ( dignity ) :i* all life1 :i* is n ,*ri/ian1 is condemn$3 x does n suffice !m to ?9k meanly ( _! actual oppon5ts1 !y _c d ) less ?an a g5]al sl&] ( ev]y?+ t is n !mselves4444 ,an abject & crafty s\l is 9 ! mo/ p]fect h>mony ) ! arrogance ( piety1 z witness ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,! future3 !y see t !y are heavily paid = x4444 ,!irs is ! muddie/ k9d ( _s t exi/s4 ,! :ole ( ,*ri/'s life is s arrang$ z to confirm ! prophecies ( ! ,scriptures3 ,he behaves 9 su* wise 9 ord] t !y may be "r4444 #ahi4 ,! deceptive int]pretation ( ! words1 ! do+s1 & ! condition ( dy+ p2 ! natural fe> ( dea?1 = in/ance1 is sy/ematically conf\nd$ ) ! suppos$ fe> ( :at is to happ5 aft] dea?4 444 #aij4 ,! ,*ri/ians h done exactly :at ! ,jews did be=e !m4 ,!y introduc$ :at !y conceiv$ to be an innovation & a ?+ necess>y to self-pres]vation into _! ,ma/]'s tea*+1 & wove ,8 life into x ,!y likewise cr$it$ ,him ) all ! wisdom ( a mak] ( prov]bs--9 %ort1 !y repres5t$ _! ev]yday life & activity z an act ( ob$i5ce1 & ?us sanctifi$ _! propag&a4 ,:at x all dep5ds ^u1 may be ga!r$ f ,paul3 x is n mu*4 ,:at rema9s is ! developm5t ( a type ( sa9t1 out ( ! values :i* ^! p reg>d$ z sa9tly4 ,! :ole ( ! doctr9e ( miracles1 includ+ ! resurrection1 is ! result ( self-glorification on ! "p ( ! community1 :i* ascrib$ to its ,ma/] ^? qualities x ascrib$ to itself1 b 9 a high] degree 7or1 bett] /ill1 x d]iv$ its /r5g? f ,him44447 #aia4 ,! ,*ri/ians h nev] l$ ! life :i* ,jesus comm&$ !m to lead1 & ! impud5t fable ( ! ju/ification by fai?1 & its unique & transc5d5tal significance1 is only ! result ( ! ,*ur*'s lack ( c\rage & w 9 ackn[l$g+ ^? works :i* ,jesus comm&$4 ,! ,buddhi/ behaves diff]5tly f ! non-,buddhi/2 b ! ,*ri/ian behaves z all ! re/ ( ! _w does1 & possesses a ,*ri/ianity ( c]emonies & /ates ( ! s\l4 ,! pr(\nd & contemptible falsehood ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,europe makes u des]ve ! contempt ( ! ,arabs1 ,h9doos1 & ,*9ese4444 ,let any "o li/5 to ! words ( ! fir/ ,g]man /atesman1 conc]n+ t :i* has preoccupi$ ,europe = ! la/ =ty ye>s4 #aib4 ,fai? or works8--,b t ! works1 ! habit ( p>ticul> works may eng5d] a c]ta9 set ( values or ?\ghts1 is j z natural z x w\ld be unnatural = works to proce$ f m]e valuations4 ,man mu/ practise1 n h[ to /r5g!n feel+s ( value1 b h[ to /r5g!n action3 fir/ ( all1 "o mu/ be able to d some?+4444 ,lu!r's ,*ri/ian ,dilettantism4 ,fai? is an asses' bridge4 ,! backgr\nd consi/s ( a pr(\nd conviction on ! "p ( ,lu!r & 8 pe]s1 t !y are enabl$ to accompli% ,*ri/ian works1 a p]sonal fact1 disguis$ "u an extreme d\bt z to :e!r all action is n s9 & devil's "w1 s t ! wor? ( life dep5ds ^u isolat$ & highly-/ra9$ conditions ( inactivity 7pray]1 effusion1 etc474--,ultimately1 ,lu!r w\ld be "r3 ! in/9cts :i* are express$ by ! :ole be>+ ( ! re=m]s are ! mo/ brutal t exi/4 ,only 9 turn+ absolutely away f !mselves1 & 9 becom+ absorb$ 9 ! opposite ( !mselves1 only by means ( an illusion 7fai?7 0 exi/5ce endurable to !m4 #aic4 ,:at 0 to be done 9 ord] to believe8--an absurd "q4 ,t :i* is wrong ) ,*ri/ianity is1 t x does none ( ! ?+s t ,*ri/ comm&$4 ,x is a mean life1 b se5 ?r\gh ! eye ( contempt4 #aid4 ,! entrance into ! real life--a man saves 8 own life by liv+ ! life ( ! multitude4 #aie4 ,*ri/ianity has become some?+ fundam5tally diff]5t f :at its ,f\nd] wi%$ x to be4 ,x is ! great anti-pagan movem5t ( antiquity1 =mulat$ ) ! use ( ! life1 tea*+1 & words ( ! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity1 b int]pret$ q arbitr>ily1 accord+ to a s*eme embody+ pr(\ndly diff]5t ne$s3 translat$ into ! language ( all ! subt]ranean religions !n exi/+4 ,x is ! rise ( ,pessimism 7:]eas ,jesus wi%$ to br+ ! peace & ! happ9ess ( ! lambs73 & moreov] ! ,pessimism ( ! weak1 ( ! inf]ior1 ( ! suff]+1 & ( ! oppress$4 ,its mortal enemies are 7#a7 ,p[]1 :e!r 9 ! =m ( "*1 intellect1 or ta/e1 & worldl9ess2 7#b7 ! good *e] ( classical times1 ! noble levity & scepticism1 h>d pride1 ecc5tric dissipation1 & cold frugality ( ! sage1 ,greek ref9em5t 9 mann]s1 words1 & =m4 ,its mortal enemy is z mu* ! ,roman z ! ,greek4 ,! attempt on ! "p ( anti-paganism to e/abli% itself on a philosophical basis1 & to make its t5ets possible3 x %[s a ta/e = ! ambigu\s figures ( antique culture1 & above all = ,plato1 :o 01 m ?an any o!r1 an anti-,hell5e & ,semite 9 in/9ct4444 ,x also %[s a ta/e = ,/oicism1 :i* is ess5tially ! "w ( ,semites 7dignity is reg>d$ z sev]ity1 law2 virtue is held to be greatness1 self-responsibility1 au?ority1 greate/ sov]eignty ov] oneself--?is is ,semitic47 ,! ,/oic is an ,arabian %eik wrapp$ 9 ,greek togas & notions4 #aif4 ,*ri/ianity only resumes ! fight :i* _h already be5 begun aga9/ ! classical ideal & noble religion4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! :ole process ( trans=mation is only an adaptation to ! ne$s & to ! level ( intellig5ce ( religi\s masses !n exi/+3--^? masses :i* believ$ 9 ,isis1 ,mi?ras1 ,dionysos1 & ! great "m1 & :i* dem&$ ! foll[+ ?+s ( a religion3 7#a7 hopes ( a beyond1 7#b7 ! bloody phantasmagoria ( animal sacrifice 7! my/]y71 7#c7 holy leg5d & ! r$eem+ de$1 7#d7 asceticism1 d5ial ( ! _w1 sup]/iti\s purification1 7#e7 a hi]>*y z a "p ( ! community4 ,9 %ort1 ,*ri/ianity ev]y:]e fitt$ ! already prevail+ & increas+ anti-pagan t5d5cy--^? cults :i* ,epicurus combat$1--or m exactly1 ^? religions prop] to ! l[] h]d1 wom51 slaves1 & ignoble classes4 ,! misund]/&+s are !re=e ! foll[+3-- 7#a7 ,! immortality ( ! individual2 7#b7 ,! assum$ exi/5ce ( ano!r _w2 7#c7 ,! absurd notion ( puni%m5t & expiation 9 ! he>t ( ! int]pretation ( exi/5ce2 7#d7 ,! pr(anation ( ! div9e nature ( man1 in/ead ( its acc5tuation1 & ! con/ruction ( a v pr(\nd *asm1 :i* c only be cross$ by ! help ( a miracle or by means ( ! mo/ ?or\gh self-contempt2 7#e7 ,! :ole _w ( corrupt$ imag9ation & morbid passion1 in/ead ( a simple & lov+ life ( action1 in/ead ( ,buddhi/ic happ9ess atta9able on e>?2 7#f7 ,an ecclesia/ical ord] ) a prie/hood1 !ology1 cults1 & sacram5ts2 9 %ort1 ev]y?+ t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? combat$2 7#g7 ,! miracul\s 9 ev]y?+ & ev]ybody1 sup]/ition too3 :ile precisely ! trait :i* di/+ui%$ ,judaism & primitive ,*ri/ianity 0 _! repugnance to miracles & _! relative rationalism4 #aig4 ,! psy*ological pre-requisites3--,ignorance & lack ( culture1--! sort ( ignorance :i* has unle>n$ e k9d ( %ame3 let any "o imag9e ^? impud5t sa9ts 9 ! he>t ( ,a!ns2 ,! ,jewi% in/9ct ( a *os5 p3 !y appropriate all ! virtues1 )\t fur!r ado1 z _! own1 & reg>d ! re/ ( ! _w z _! opposite2 ?is is a pr(\nd sign ( spiritual depravity2 ,! total lack ( real aims & real duties1 = :i* o!r virtues are requir$ ?an ^? ( ! bigot--! ,/ate und]took ?is "w = !m3 & ! impud5t p /ill behav$ z ?\gh !y _h no ne$ ( ! ,/ate4 ,except ye become z little *ildr5 --oh1 h[ f> we are f ?is psy*ological +5u\sness6 #aih4 ,! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity _h to pay de>ly = hav+ direct$ ,8 tea*+ at ! l[e/ classes ( ,jewi% society & intellig5ce4 ,!y und]/ood ,him only accord+ to ! limitations ( _! own _s4 444 ,x 0 a disgrace to concoct a hi/ory ( salvation1 a p]sonal ,god1 a p]sonal ,savi\r1 a p]sonal immortality1 & to h reta9$ all ! meanness ( ! p]son1 & ( ! hi/ory ( a doctr9e :i* d5ies ! reality ( all t is p]sonal & hi/orical4 ,! leg5d ( salvation takes ! place ( ! symbolic n[ & all "t1 ( ! symbolic "h & ev]y:]e2 & miracles appe> in/ead ( ! psy*ological symbol4 #aii4 ,no?+ is less innoc5t ?an ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! soil f :i* x sprang is kn[n4 ,^! p1 possess$ ( an inflexible w to ass]t !mselves1 & :o1 once !y _h lo/ all natural hold on life1 & _h long exi/$ )\t any "r to exi/5ce1 /ill knew h[ to prevail by means ( hypo!ses :i* 7 z unnatural z !y 7 imag9>y 7call+ !mselves ! *os5 p1 ! community ( sa9ts1 ! p ( ! promis$ l&1 & ! ,*ur*73 ^! p made use ( _! pia fraus ) su* skill1 & ) su* clean consci5ces1 t "o _c be too cauti\s :5 !y prea* morality4 ,:5 ,jews /ep =w>d z ! p]sonification ( innoc5ce1 ! dang] mu/ be great4 ,:ile read+ ! ,new ,te/am5t a man %\ld h 8 small fund ( intellig5ce1 mi/ru/1 & wick$ness con/antly at h&4 ,p ( ! l[e/ orig91 p>tly mob1 outca/s n only f good society1 b also f respectable society2 gr[n away f ! atmosph]e ( culture1 & free f discipl9e2 ignorant1 )\t ev5 a suspicion ( ! fact t consci5ce c also rule 9 spiritual matt]s2 9 a ^w--! ,jews3 an in/9ctively crafty p1 able to create an advantage1 a means ( s$uction out ( e conceivable hypo!sis ( sup]/ition1 ev5 out ( ignorance itself4 #bjj4 ,i reg>d ,*ri/ianity z ! mo/ fatal & s$uctive lie t has ev] yet exi/$--z ! greate/ & mo/ impi\s lie3 ,i c disc]n ! la/ spr\ts & bran*es ( its ideal b5ea? e =m ( disguise1 ,i decl9e to ent] into any compromise or false position 9 ref]5ce to x--,i urge p to decl>e op5 w> ) x4 ,! morality ( paltry p z ! measure ( all ?+s3 ?is is ! mo/ repugnant k9d ( deg5]acy t civilisation has ev] yet br\ght into exi/5ce4 ,& ?is k9d ( ideal is hang+ /ill1 "u ! "n ( ,god1 ov] m5's heads66 #bja4 ,h[ev] mode/ "o's dem&s may be conc]n+ intellectual cleanl9ess1 :5 "o t\*es ! ,new ,te/am5t "o _c help exp]i5c+ a sort ( inexpressible feel+ ( discom=t2 = ! unb\nd$ *eek ) :i* ! lea/ qualifi$ p w h _! say 9 its pages1 9 reg>d to ! greate/ problems ( exi/5ce1 & claim to sit 9 judgm5t on su* matt]s1 exce$s all limits4 ,! impud5t levity ) :i* ! mo/ unwieldy problems are spok5 ( "h 7life1 ! _w1 ,god1 ! purpose ( life71 z if !y 7 n problems at all1 b ! mo/ simple ?+s :i* ^! little bigots "k all ab\t666 #bjb4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ fatal =m ( insanity t has ev] yet exi/$ on e>?3--:5 ^! little ly+ abortions ( bigotry beg9 lay+ claim to ! words ,god1 la/ judgm5t1 tru?1 love1 wisdom1 ,holy ,_s1 & !reby di/+ui%+ !mselves f ! re/ ( ! _w2 :5 su* m5 beg9 to transvalue values to suit !mselves1 z ?\gh !y 7 ! s5se1 ! salt1 ! /&>d1 & ! measure ( all ?+s2 !n all t "o %\ld d is ?is3 build lunatic asylums = _! inc>c]ation4 ,to p]secute !m 0 an egregi\s act ( antique folly3 ?is 0 tak+ !m too s]i\sly2 x 0 mak+ !m s]i\s4 ,! :ole fatality 0 made possible by ! fact t a simil> =m ( megalomania 0 already 9 exi/5ce1 ! ,jewi% =m 7once ! gulf sep>at+ ! ,jews f ! ,*ri/ian-,jews 0 bridg$1 ! ,*ri/ian-,jews 7 compell$ to employ ^? self-pres]vative measures afre% :i* 7 discov]$ by ! ,jewi% in/9ct1 = _! own self-pres]vation1 aft] hav+ acc5tuat$ !m72 & aga9 ?r\gh ! fact t ,greek moral philosophy _h done ev]y?+ t c\ld be done to prep>e ! way = moral-fanaticism1 ev5 among ,greeks & ,romans1 & to r5d] x palatable4444 ,plato1 ! great import] ( corruption1 :o 0 ! fir/ :o refus$ to see ,nature 9 morality1 & :o _h already depriv$ ! ,greek gods ( all _! wor? by 8 notion good 0 already ta9t$ ) ,jewi% bigotry 79 ,egypt874 #bjc4 ,^! small virtues ( greg>i\s animals d n by any means lead to et]nal life3 to put !m on ! /age 9 su* a way1 & to use !m = "o's own purpose is p]haps v sm>t2 b to him :o keeps 8 eyes op51 ev5 "h1 x rema9s1 9 spite ( all1 ! mo/ ludicr\s p]=mance4 ,a man by no means des]ves privileges1 ei!r on e>? or 9 heav51 because he happ5s to h atta9$ to p]fection 9 ! art ( behav+ l a good-natur$ little %eep2 at be/1 he only rema9s a de>1 absurd little ram ) horns--provid$1 ( c\rse1 he does n bur/ ) vanity or excite indignation by assum+ ! airs ( a supreme judge4 ,:at a t]rible gl[ ( false col\r+ "h floods ! meane/ virtues--z ?\gh !y 7 ! reflection ( div9e qualities6 ,! natural purpose & utility ( e virtue is sy/ematically hu%$ up2 x c only be valuable 9 ! light ( a div9e comm& or model1 or 9 ! light ( ! good :i* belongs to a beyond or a spiritual _w4 7,?is is magnific5t6--,z if x 7 a "q ( ! salvation ( ! s\l3 b x 0 a means ( mak+ ?+s be>able "h ) z _m beautiful s5tim5ts z possible47 #bjd4 ,! law1 :i* is ! fundam5tally reali/ic =mula ( c]ta9 self-pres]vative measures ( a community1 =bids c]ta9 actions t h a def9ite t5d5cy to jeop>dise ! welf>e ( t community3 x does n =bid ! attitude ( m9d :i* gives rise to ^! actions--= 9 ! pursuit ( o!r ends ! community requires ^! =bidd5 actions1 namely1 :5 x is a matt] ( oppos+ its enemies4 ,! moral ideali/ n[ /eps =w>d & says3 ,god sees into m5's he>ts3 ! action itself c\nts = no?+2 ! repreh5sible attitude ( m9d f :i* x proce$s mu/ be extirpat$ 444 ,9 normal conditions m5 laugh at su* ?+s2 x is only 9 exceptional cases1 :5 a community lives q beyond ! ne$ ( wag+ w> 9 ord] to ma9ta9 itself1 t an e> is l5t to su* ?+s4 ,any attitude ( m9d is ab&on$1 ! utility ( :i* _c be conceiv$4 ,?is 0 ! case1 = example1 :5 ,buddha appe>$ among a p t 0 bo? peaceable & afflict$ ) great intellectual we>9ess4 ,?is 0 also ! case 9 reg>d to ! fir/ ,*ri/ian community 7z also ! ,jewi%71 ! prim>y condition ( :i* 0 ! absolutely unpolitical ,jewi% society4 ,*ri/ianity c\ld gr[ only ^u ! soil ( ,judaism--t is to say1 among a p t _h already r5\nc$ ! political life1 & :i* l$ a sort ( p>asitic exi/5ce )9 ! ,roman sph]e ( gov]nm5t1 ,*ri/ianity goes a /ep f>!r3 x all[s m5 to emasculate !mselves ev5 m2 ! circum/ances actually fav\r _! do+ s4--,nature is expell$ f morality :5 x is said1 ,love ye y\r enemies3 = ,nature's injunction1 ,ye %all love y\r neighb\r & hate y\r enemy1 has n[ become s5seless 9 ! law 79 in/9ct72 n[1 ev5 ! love a man feels = 8 neighb\r mu/ fir/ be bas$ ^u some?+ 7a sort ( love ( ,god74 ,god is introduc$ ev]y:]e1 & utility is )drawn2 ! natural orig9 ( morality is d5i$ ev]y:]e3 ! v5]ation ( ,nature1 :i* lies 9 ackn[l$g+ a natural morality1 is de/roy$ to ! roots4444 ,:5ce comes ! s$uctive *>m ( ?is emasculate ideal ( man8 ,:y are we n disgu/$ by x1 j z we are disgu/$ at ! ?\ght ( a eunu*8444 ,! answ] is obvi\s3 x is n ! voice ( ! eunu* t revolts u1 despite ! cruel mutilation ( :i* x is ! result2 =1 z a matt] ( fact1 x has gr[n sweet]4444 ,& ow+ to ! v fact t ! male organ has be5 amputat$ f virtue1 its voice n[ has a fem99e r+1 :i*1 =m]ly1 0 n to be disc]n$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we h only to ?9k ( ! t]rible h>dness1 dang]s1 & accid5ts to :i* a life ( manly virtues leads--! life ( a ,corsican1 ev5 at ! pres5t day1 or t ( a hea!n ,arab 7:i* resembles ! ,corsican's life ev5 to ! smalle/ detail3 ! ,arab's songs might h be5 writt5 by ,corsicans7--9 ord] to p]ceive h[ ! mo/ robu/ type ( man 0 fasc9at$ & mov$ by ! voluptu\s r+ ( ?is goodness & purity4 444 ,a pa/oral melody 444 an idyll 444 ! good man3 su* ?+s h mo/ effect 9 ages :5 trag$y is abroad4 999999 ,) ?is1 we h realis$ to :at ext5t ! ideali/ 7! ideal eunu*7 also proce$s f a def9ite reality & is n m]ely a vision>y4444 ,he has p]ceiv$ precisely t1 = 8 k9d ( reality1 a brutal injunction ( ! sort :i* prohibits c]ta9 actions has no s5se 7because ! in/9ct :i* w\ld urge him to ^! actions is weak5$1 ?anks to a long ne$ ( practice1 & ( compulsion to practise74 ,! ca/rator =mulates a ho/ ( new self-pres]vative measures = a p]fectly def9ite species ( m53 9 ?is s5se he is a reali/4 ,! means to :i* he has rec\rse = e/abli%+ 8 legislation1 are ! same z ^? ( anci5t legislators3 he appeals to all au?orities1 to ,god1 & he exploits ! notions guilt & puni%m5t--t is to say1 he avails himself ( ! :ole ( ! old] ideal1 b int]prets x diff]5tly2 = in/ance3 puni%m5t is giv5 a place 9 ! inn] self 7x is call$ ! pang ( consci5ce74 ,9 practice ?is k9d ( man meets ) 8 end ! mom5t ! exceptional conditions fav\r+ 8 exi/5ce cease to prevail--a sort ( insul> happ9ess1 l t ( ,tahiti1 & ( ! little ,jews 9 ! ,roman prov9ces4 ,_! only natural foe is ! soil f :i* !y spr+3 !y mu/ wage w> aga9/ t1 & once m give _! (f5sive & def5sive passions rope 9 ord] to be equal to x3 _! oppon5ts are ! adh]5ts ( ! old ideal 7?is k9d ( ho/ility is %[n on a gr& scale by ,paul 9 relation to ,judaism1 & by ,lu!r 9 relation to ! prie/ly ascetic ideal74 ,! milde/ =m ( ?is antagonism is c]ta9ly t ( ! fir/ ,buddhi/s2 p]haps no?+ has giv5 rise to s mu* "w1 z ! enfeeblem5t & disc\ragem5t ( ! feel+ ( antagonism4 ,! /ruggle aga9/ res5tm5t almo/ seems ! ,buddhi/'s fir/ duty2 ?us only is 8 peace ( s\l secur$4 ,to isolate oneself )\t bitt]ness1 ?is presupposes ! exi/5ce ( a surpris+ly mild & sweet ord] ( m51--sa9ts4444 999999 ,! ,a/ut5ess ( moral ca/ration4--,h[ is w> wag$ aga9/ ! virile passions & valuations8 ,no viol5t physical means are available2 ! w> mu/ !re=e be "o ( ruses1 spells1 & lies--9 %ort1 a spiritual w>4 ,fir/ recipe3 ,"o appropriates virtue 9 g5]al1 & makes x ! ma9 feature ( "o's ideal2 ! old] ideal is d5i$ & decl>$ to be ! rev]se ( all ideals4 ,sl&] has to be c>ri$ to a f9e art = ?is purpose4 ,second recipe3 ,a type ( man is set up z a g5]al /&>d2 & ?is is project$ into all ?+s1 beh9d all ?+s1 & beh9d ! de/9y ( all ?+s--z ,god4 ,?ird recipe3 ,! oppon5ts ( "o's ideal are decl>$ to be ! oppon5ts ( ,god2 "o arrogates to oneself a "r to great pa?os1 to p[]1 & a "r to curse & to bless4 ,f\r? recipe3 ,all suff]+1 all gruesome1 t]rible1 & fatal ?+s are decl>$ to be ! results ( opposition to ones ideal--all suff]+ is puni%m5t ev5 9 ! case ( "o's adh]5ts 7except x be a trial1 etc474 ,fif? recipe3 ,"o goes s f> z to reg>d ,nature z ! rev]se ( "o's ideal1 & ! l5g?y soj\rn amid natural conditions is consid]$ a great trial ( pati5ce--a sort ( m>tyrdom2 "o /udies contempt1 bo? 9 "o's attitudes & "o's looks t[>ds all natural ?+s4 ,six? recipe3 ,! triumph ( anti-naturalism & ideal ca/ration1 ! triumph ( ! _w ( ! pure1 good1 s9less1 & bless$1 is project$ into ! future z ! consummation1 ! f9ale1 ! great hope1 & ! ,com+ ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,i hope t "o may /ill be all[$ to laugh at ?is artificial hoi/+ up ( a small species ( man to ! position ( an absolute /&>d ( all ?+s8 #bje4 ,:at ,i d n at all l 9 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? & ,8 ,apo/le ,paul1 is t !y /uff$ s mu* into ! heads ( paltry p1 z if _! mode/ virtues 7 wor? s mu* ado4 ,we h _h to pay de>ly = x all2 = !y br\ght ! mo/ valuable qualities ( bo? virtue & man into ill repute2 !y set ! guilty consci5ce & ! self-respect ( noble s\ls at logg]heads1 & !y l$ ! brav]1 m magnanim\s1 m d>+1 & m excessive t5d5cies ( /rong s\ls a/ray--ev5 to self-de/ruction4 #bjf4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & especially 9 ! ,gospels1 ,i disc]n absolutely no sign ( a ,div9e voice3 b r an indirect =m ( ! mo/ subt]ranean fury1 bo? 9 sl&] & de/ructiv5ess--"o ( ! mo/ di%one/ =ms ( hatr$4 ,x lacks all k ( ! qualities ( a high] nature4 ,x makes an impud5t abuse ( all k9ds ( plausibilities1 & ! :ole /ock ( prov]bs is us$ up & foi/$ ^u "o 9 its pages4 ,0 x necess>y to make a ,god come 9 ord] to appeal to ^? publicans & to say to !m1 etc4 etc48 ,no?+ c\ld be m vulg> ?an ?is /ruggle ) ! ,ph>isees1 c>ri$ on ) a ho/ ( absurd & unpractical moral pret5ces2 ! mob1 ( c\rse1 has always be5 ent]ta9$ by su* feats4 ,fancy ! reproa* ( hypocrisy6 com+ f ^? lips6 ,no?+ c\ld be m vulg> ?an ?is treatm5t ( "o's oppon5ts--a mo/ insidi\s sign ( nobility or its rev]se4444 #bjg4 ,primitive ,*ri/ianity is ! abolition ( ! ,/ate3 x prohibits oa?s1 milit>y s]vice1 c\rts ( ju/ice1 self-def5ce or ! def5ce ( a community1 & d5ies ! diff]5ce betwe5 fell[-c\ntrym5 & /rang]s1 z also ! ord] ( ca/es4 ,*ri/s example2 ,he does n )/& ^? :o ill-treat ,him2 ,he does n def5d ,himself2 ,he does m1 ,he (f]s ! left *eek 7to ! dem&3 ,tell u :e!r ?\ be ! ,*ri/8 ,he replies3 ,h]eaft] %all ye see ! ,son ( man sitt+ on ! "r h& ( p[]1 & com+ 9 ! cl\ds ( heav574 ,he =bids ,8 disciples to def5d ,him2 ,he calls att5tion to ! fact t ,he c\ld get help if ,he wi%$ to1 b w n4 ,*ri/ianity also means ! abolition ( society1 x prizes ev]y?+ t society despises1 its v gr[? takes place among ! outca/s1 ! condemn$1 & ! lepr\s ( all k9ds1 z also among publicans1 s9n]s1 pro/itutes1 & ! mo/ fooli% ( m5 7! fi%] folk 72 x despises ! ri*1 ! s*ol>ly1 ! noble1 ! virtu\s1 & ! punctili\s4 444 #bjh4 ,! w> aga9/ ! noble & ! p[]ful1 z x is wag$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is rem9isc5t ( ,reyn>d ! ,fox & 8 me?ods3 b plus ! ,*ri/ian unction & ! m absolute refusal to recognise "o's own craft9ess4 #bji4 ,! ,gospel is ! ann\ncem5t t ! road to happ9ess lies op5 = ! l[ly & ! poor--t all "o has to d is to emancipate "o's self f all in/itutions1 traditions1 & ! tutelage ( ! high] classes4 ,?us ,*ri/ianity is no m ?an ! typical tea*+ ( ,sociali/s4 ,prop]ty1 acquisitions1 "m-c\ntry1 /atus & rank1 tribunals1 ! police1 ! ,/ate1 ! ,*ur*1 ,education1 ,art1 milit>ism3 all ^! are s _m ob/acles 9 ! way ( happ9ess1 s _m mi/akes1 sn>es1 & devil's artifices1 on :i* ! ,gospel passes s5t5ce--all ?is is typical ( sociali/ic doctr9es4 ,beh9d all ?is !re is ! outbur/1 ! explosion1 ( a conc5trat$ loa?+ ( ! ma/]s1--! in/9ct :i* disc]ns ! happ9ess ( fre$om aft] su* long oppression4444 7,mo/ly a symptom ( ! fact t ! inf]ior classes h be5 treat$ too humanely1 t _! tongues already ta/e a joy :i* is =bidd5 !m4444 ,x is n hung] t provokes revolutions1 b ! fact t ! mob h contract$ an appetite en mangeant44447 #baj4 ,let ! ,new ,te/am5t only be read z a book ( s$uction3 9 x virtue is appropriat$1 ) ! idea t public op9ion is be/ won ) x1--& z a matt] ( fact x is a v mode/ k9d ( virtue1 :i* recognises only ! ideal greg>i\s animal & no?+ m 7includ+1 ( c\rse1 ! h]dsm573 a puny1 s(t1 b5evol5t1 helpful1 & gu%+ly-satisfi$ k9d ( virtue :i* to ! outside _w is q devoid ( pret5sions1--& :i* sep>ates ! _w entirely f itself4 ,! crasse/ arrogance :i* fancies t ! de/9y ( man turns ar\nd x1 & x alone1 & t on ! "o side ! community ( believ]s repres5ts :at is "r1 & on ! o!r ! _w repres5ts :at is false & et]nally to be reprov$ & reject$4 ,! mo/ imbecile hatr$ ( all ?+s 9 p[]1 :i*1 h[ev]1 nev] goes s f> z to t\* ^! ?+s4 ,a k9d ( inn] deta*m5t :i*1 outw>dly1 leaves ev]y?+ z x 0 7s]vitude & slav]y2 & kn[+ h[ to conv]t ev]y?+ into a means ( s]v+ ,god & virtue74 #baa4 ,*ri/ianity is possible z ! mo/ private =m ( life2 x presupposes ! exi/5ce ( a n>r[1 isolat$1 & absolutely unpolitical society--x belongs to ! conv5ticle4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a ,*ri/ian ,/ate1 ,*ri/ian politics1 are pieces ( d[nright impud5ce2 !y are lies1 l1 = in/ance1 a ,*ri/ian lead]%ip ( an army1 :i* 9 ! end reg>ds ! ,god ( ho/s z *ief ( ! /aff4 ,ev5 ! ,papacy has nev] be5 able to c>ry on politics 9 a ,*ri/ian way4442 & :5 ,re=m]s indulge 9 politics1 z ,lu!r did1 x is well kn[n t !y are j z ard5t foll[]s ( ,ma*iavelli z any o!r immorali/s or tyrants4 #bab4 ,*ri/ianity is /ill possible at any mom5t4 ,x is n b\nd to any "o ( ! impud5t dogmas t h adorn$ !mselves ) its "n3 x ne$s nei!r ! tea*+ ( ! p]sonal ,god1 nor ( s91 nor ( immortality1 nor ( r$emption1 nor ( fai?2 x has absolutely no ne$ :atev] ( metaphysics1 & x ne$s asceticism & ,*ri/ian natural sci5ce /ill less4 ,*ri/ianity is a me?od ( life1 n a sy/em ( belief4 ,x tells u h[ we %\ld behave1 n :at we %\ld believe4 ,he :o says to-day3 ,i refuse to be a soldi]1 ,i c>e n = tribunals1 ,i lay no claim to ! s]vices ( ! police1 ,i w n d any?+ t di/urbs ! peace )9 me3 & if ,i mu/ suff] on t acc\nt1 no?+ c s well ma9ta9 my inw>d peace z suff]+--su* a man w\ld be a ,*ri/ian4 #bac4 ,conc]n+ ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity4--,cont9ual *ange ( environm5t3 ,*ri/ian tea*+ is ?us cont9ually *ang+ its c5tre ( gravity4 ,! fav\r+ ( l[ & paltry p4444 ,! developm5t ( ,c>itas4444 ,! type ,*ri/ian gradually adopts ev]y?+ t x orig9ally reject$ 7& 9 ! rejection ( :i* x ass]t$ its "r to exi/74 ,! ,*ri/ian becomes a citiz51 a soldi]1 a judge1 a workman1 a m]*ant1 a s*ol>1 a !ologian1 a prie/1 a philosoph]1 a f>m]1 an arti/1 a patriot1 a politician1 a pr9ce 444 he re-ent]s all ^? dep>tm5ts ( active life :i* he _h =sworn 7he def5ds himself1 he e/abli%es tribunals1 he puni%es1 he swe>s1 he diff]5tiates betwe5 p & p1 he contemns1 & he %[s ang]74 ,! :ole life ( ! ,*ri/ian is ultimately exactly t life f :i* ,*ri/ prea*$ deliv]ance4444 ,! ,*ur* is j z mu* a factor 9 ! triumph ( ! ,anti*ri/1 z ! mod]n ,/ate & mod]n ,nationalism4444 ,! ,*ur* is ! b>b>isation ( ,*ri/ianity4 #bad4 ,among ! p[]s t h ma/]$ ,*ri/ianity are3 ,judaism 7,paul72 ,platonism 7,augu/9e72 ,! cult ( my/]y 7! tea*+ ( salvation1 ! emblem ( ! cross72 ,asceticism 7ho/ility t[>ds ,nature1 ,reason1 ! s5ses1--! ,ori5t 44474 #bae4 ,*ri/ianity is a d5aturalisation ( greg>i\s morality3 "u ! p[] ( ! mo/ complete misappreh5sions & self-deceptions4 ,democracy is a m natural =m ( x1 & less s[n ) falsehood4 ,x is a fact t ! oppress$1 ! l[1 & :ole mob ( slaves & half-ca/es1 w prevail4 ,fir/ /ep3 !y make !mselves free--!y deta* !mselves1 at fir/ 9 fancy only2 !y recognise ea* o!r2 !y make !mselves p>am\nt4 ,second /ep3 !y ent] ! li/s1 !y dem& ackn[l$gm5t1 equal rights1 ,ju/ice4 ,?ird /ep3 !y dem& privileges 7!y draw ! repres5tatives ( p[] ov] to _! side74 ,f\r? /ep3 !y alone want all p[]1 & !y h x4 ,!re are ?ree elem5ts 9 ,*ri/ianity :i* mu/ be di/+ui%$3 7a7 ! oppress$ ( all k9ds1 7b7 ! m$iocre ( all k9ds1 7c7 ! dissatisfi$ & diseas$ ( all k9ds4 ,! fir/ /ruggle aga9/ ! politically noble & _! ideal2 ! second cont5d ) ! exceptions & ^? :o are 9 any way privileg$ 7m5tally or physically72 ! ?ird oppose ! natural in/9ct ( ! happy & ! s\nd4 ,:5ev] a triumph is a*iev$1 ! second elem5t /eps to ! =e2 = !n ,*ri/ianity has won ov] ! s\nd & happy to its side 7z w>riors 9 its cause71 likewise ! p[]ful 7int]e/$ to ?is ext5t 9 ! conque/ ( ! cr[d7--& n[ x is ! greg>i\s in/9ct1 t m$iocre nature :i* is valuable 9 e respect1 t n[ gets its highe/ sanction ?r\gh ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is m$iocre nature ultimately becomes s consci\s ( itself 7ga9s su* c\rage 9 reg>d to its own op9ions71 t x arrogates to itself ev5 political p[]4444 ,democracy is ,*ri/ianity made natural3 a sort ( return to ,nature1 once ,*ri/ianity1 ow+ to extreme anti-naturalness1 might h be5 ov]come by ! opposite valuation4 ,result3 ! ari/ocratic ideal beg9s to lose its natural "* 7! high] man1 noble1 arti/1 passion1 k2 ,romanticism z ! cult ( ! exceptional1 g5ius1 etc4 etc474 #baf4 ,:5 ! ma/]s may also become ,*ri/ians4--,x is ( ! nature ( a community 7race1 family1 h]d1 tribe7 to reg>d all ^? conditions & aspirations :i* fav\r its survival1 z 9 !mselves valuable2 = in/ance3 ob$i5ce1 mutual assi/ance1 respect1 mod]ation1 pity--z also1 to suppress ev]y?+ t happ5s to /& 9 ! way ( ! above4 ,x is likewise ( ! nature ( ! rul]s 7:e!r !y are individuals or classes7 to patronise & applaud ^? virtues :i* make _! subjects am5able & submissive--conditions & passions :i* may be utt]ly diff]5t f _! own4 ,! greg>i\s in/9ct & ! in/9ct ( ! rul]s sometimes agree 9 approv+ ( a c]ta9 numb] ( qualities & conditions1--b = diff]5t reasons3 ! fir/ d s out ( direct egoism1 ! second out ( indirect egoism4 ,! submission to ,*ri/ianity on ! "p ( ma/] races is ess5tially ! result ( ! conviction t ,*ri/ianity is a religion = ! h]d1 t x tea*es ob$i5ce3 9 %ort1 t ,*ri/ians are m easily rul$ ?an non-,*ri/ians4 ,) a h9t ( ?is nature1 ! ,pope1 ev5 n[adays1 recomm5ds ,*ri/ian propag&a to ! rul+ ,sov]eign ( ,*9a4 ,x %\ld also be add$ t ! s$uctive p[] ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal works mo/ /rongly ^u natures t love dang]1 adv5ture1 & contra/s2 t love ev]y?+ t entails a risk1 & :]e) a non plus ultra ( p[]ful feel+ may be atta9$4 ,9 ?is respect1 "o has only to ?9k ( ,sa9t ,!resa1 surr\nd$ by ! h]oic in/9cts ( h] bro!rs3--,*ri/ianity appe>s 9 ^? circum/ances z a dissipation ( ! w1 z /r5g? ( w1 z a w t is ,quixotic4 #c4 ,,*ri/ian ,,ideals4 #bag4 ,w> aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian ideal1 aga9/ ! doctr9e ( bless$ness & salvation z ! aims ( life1 aga9/ ! supremacy ( ! fools1 ( ! pure 9 he>t1 ( ! suff]+ & ( ! bot*$6 ,:5 & :]e has any man1 ( any note at all1 resembl$ ! ,*ri/ian ideal8--at lea/ 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o are psy*ologi/s & tri]s ( ! he>t & re9s4 ,look at all ,plut>*'s h]oes6 #bah4 ,our claim to sup]iority3 we live 9 an age ( ,comp>isons2 we are able to calculate z m5 h nev] yet calculat$2 9 e way we are hi/ory become self-consci\s4 ,we enjoy ?+s 9 a diff]5t way2 we suff] 9 a diff]5t way3 our in/9ctive activity is ! comp>ison ( an enorm\s v>iety ( ?+s4 ,we und]/& ev]y?+2 we exp]i5ce ev]y?+1 we no long] h a ho/ile feel+ left )9 u4 ,h[ev] disa/r\s ! results may be to ourselves1 our plung+ & almo/ lu/ful inquisitiv5ess1 attacks1 unaba%$1 ! mo/ dang]\s ( subjects4444 ,ev]y?+ is good--x gives u pa9 to say nay to any?+4 ,we suff] :5 we feel t we are suffici5tly fooli% to make a def9ite /& aga9/ any?+4444 ,at bottom1 x is we s*ol>s :o to-day are fulfill+ ,*ri/'s tea*+ mo/ ?or\ghly4 #bai4 ,we _c suppress a c]ta9 irony :5 we contemplate ^? :o ?9k !y h ov]come ,*ri/ianity by means ( mod]n natural sci5ce4 ,*ri/ian values are by no means ov]come by su* p4 ,*ri/ on ! cross is /ill ! mo/ sublime symbol--ev5 n[4444 #bbj4 ,! two great ,nihili/ic movem5ts are3 7a7 ,buddhism1 7b7 ,*ri/ianity4 ,! latt] has only j ab\t rea*$ a /ate ( culture 9 :i* x c fulfil its orig9al object1--x has f\nd its level1--& n[ x c manife/ itself )\t disguise44444 #bba4 ,we h re-e/abli%$ ! ,*ri/ian ideal1 x n[ only rema9s to det]m9e its value4 7#a7 ,:i* values does x d5y8 ,:at does ! ideal t opposes x /& =8--,pride1 pa?os ( di/ance1 great responsibility1 exub]ant spirits1 spl5did animalism1 ! in/9cts ( w> & ( conque/2 ! deification ( passion1 rev5ge1 cunn+1 ang]1 voluptu\sness1 adv5ture1 k--! noble ideal is d5i$3 ! beauty1 wisdom1 p[]1 pomp1 & awfulness ( ! type man3 ! man :o po/ulates aims1 ! future man 7"h ,*ri/ianity pres5ts itself z ! logical result ( ,judaism74 7#b7 ,c x be realis$8--,yes1 ( c\rse1 :5 ! climatic conditions are fav\rable--z 9 ! case ( ! ,indian ideal4 ,bo? neglect ! factor "w4--,x sep>ates a creature f a p1 a /ate1 a civilis$ community1 & jurisdiction2 x rejects education1 wisdom1 ! cultivation ( good mann]s1 acquisition & comm]ce2 x cuts adrift ev]y?+ :i* is ( use & value to m5--by means ( an idiosyncrasy ( s5tim5t x isolates a man4 ,x is non-political1 anti-national1 nei!r aggressive nor def5sive1--& only possible )9 a /rictly-ord]$ ,/ate or /ate ( society1 :i* all[s ^! holy p>asites to fl\ri% at ! co/ ( _! neighb\rs44444 7#c7 ,x has n[ become ! w to be happy--& no?+ else6 ,bless$ness /&s = some?+ self-evid5t1 t no long] requires any ju/ification--ev]y?+ else 7! way to live & let live7 is only a means to an end4444 ,b :at foll[s is ! result ( a l[ ord] ( ?\ght1 ! fe> ( pa91 ( defilem5t1 ( corruption1 is great en\gh to provide ample gr\nds = all[+ ev]y?+ to g to ! dogs4444 ,?is is a poor way ( ?9k+1 & is ! sign ( an exhau/$ race2 we mu/ n all[ ourselves to be deceiv$4 7,become z little *ildr54 ,natures ( ! same ord]3 ,francis ( ,assisi1 neurotic1 epileptic1 vision>y1 l ,jesus47 #bbb4 ,! high] man di/+ui%es himself f ! l[] by 8 fe>lessness & 8 read9ess to *all5ge mis=tune3 x is a sign ( deg5]ation :5 eudemoni/ic values beg9 to prevail 7physiological fatigue & enfeeblem5t ( w-p[]74 ,*ri/ianity1 ) its prospect ( bless$ness1 is ! typical attitude ( m9d ( a suff]+ & impov]i%$ species ( man4 ,abundant /r5g? w be active1 w suff]1 & w g "u3 to x ! bigotry ( ,*ri/ian salvation is bad music & hi]atic pos+ & vexation4 #bbc4 ,pov]ty1 humility1 & *a/ity are dang]\s & sl&]\s ideals2 b l poisons1 :i* are useful cures 9 ! case ( c]ta9 diseases1 !y 7 also necess>y 9 ! "t ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,all ideals are dang]\s3 because !y l[] & br& realities2 !y are all poisons1 b occasionally indisp5sable z cures4 #bbd4 ,god creat$ man1 happy1 idle1 innoc5t1 & immortal3 our actual life is a false1 decad5t1 & s9ful exi/5ce1 a puni%m5t4444 ,suff]+1 /ruggle1 "w1 & dea? are rais$ z objections aga9/ life1 !y make life que/ionable1 unnatural--some?+ t mu/ cease1 & = :i* "o n only requires b also has--rem$ies6 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,adam1 man has be5 9 an abnormal /ate3 ,god ,himself deliv]$ up ,8 ,son = ,adam's s91 9 ord] to put an end to ! abnormal condition ( ?+s3 ! natural "* ( life is a curse2 to ^? :o believe 9 ,him1 ,*ri/ re/ores normal life3 ,he makes !m happy1 idle1 & innoc5t4 ,b ! _w did n become fruitful )\t lab\r2 wom5 d n be> *ildr5 )\t pa92 illness has n ceas$3 believ]s are s]v$ j z badly z unbeliev]s 9 ?is respect4 ,all t has happ5$ is1 t man is deliv]$ f dea? & s9--two ass]tions :i* all[ ( no v]ification1 & :i* are !re=e emphasis$ by ! ,*ur* ) m ?an usual he>t9ess4 ,he is free f s91--n ow+ to 8 own ef=ts1 n ow+ to a vigor\s /ruggle on 8 "p1 b r$eem$ by ! dea? ( ! ,savi\r1--consequ5tly1 p]fectly innoc5t & p>adisaical4 ,actual life is no?+ m ?an an illusion 7t is to say1 a deception1 an insanity74 ,! :ole ( /ruggl+1 fight+1 & real exi/5ce--s full ( light & %ade1 is only bad & false3 ev]ybody's duty is to be deliv]$ f x4 ,man1 innoc5t1 idle1 immortal1 & happy--?is concept1 :i* is ! object ( ! mo/ supreme desires1 mu/ be criticis$ be=e any?+ else4 ,:y %\ld guilt1 "w1 dea?1 & pa9 7&1 f ! ,*ri/ian po9t ( view1 also k 4447 be contr>y to all supreme desires8--,! lazy ,*ri/ian notions3 bless$ness1 innoc5ce1 immortality4 #bbe4 ,! ecc5tric concept hol9ess does n exi/--,god & man h n be5 divorc$ f ea* o!r4 ,miracles d n exi/--su* sph]es d n exi/3 ! only "o to be consid]$ is ! intellectual 7t is to say1 ! symbolically-psy*ological74 ,z decad5ce3 a c\nt]p>t to ,epicureanism4 444 ,p>adise accord+ to ,greek notions 0 only ,epicurus' ,g>d54 ,a life ( ?is sort lacks a purpose3 x /rives aft] no?+2--a =m ( ! ,epicurean gods--!re is no long] any reason to aim at any?+1--n ev5 at hav+ *ildr53--ev]y?+ has be5 done4 #bbf4 ,!y despis$ ! body3 !y did n reckon ) x3 nay1 m--!y treat$ x z an enemy4 ,x 0 _! delirium to ?9k t a man c\ld c>ry a beautiful s\l ab\t 9 a body t 0 a cadav]\s abortion4444 ,9 ord] to inoculate o!rs ) ?is insanity !y _h to pres5t ! concept beautiful s\l 9 a diff]5t way1 & to transvalue ! natural value1 until1 at la/1 a pale1 sickly1 idiotically exalt$ creature1 some?+ angelic1 "s extreme p]fection & transfiguration 0 decl>$ to be ! high] man4 #bbg4 ,ignorance 9 matt]s psy*ological4--,! ,*ri/ian has no n]v\s sy/em2--contempt =1 & delib]ate & wilful turn+ away f1 ! dem&s ( ! body1 & ! nak$ body2 x is assum$ t all ?is is 9 keep+ ) man's nature1 & mu/ p]=ce "w ! ultimate good ( ! s\l2--all functions ( ! body are sy/ematically r$uc$ to moral values2 illness itself is reg>d$ z det]m9$ by morality1 x is held to be ! result ( s91 or x is a trial or a /ate ( salvation1 ?r\gh :i* man becomes m p]fect ?an he c\ld become 9 a /ate ( heal? 7,pascal's idea72 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 !re are wilful attempts at induc+ illness4 #bbh4 ,:at 9 soo? is ?is /ruggle aga9/ ,nature on ! "p ( ! ,*ri/ian8 ,we %all n1 ( c\rse1 let ourselves be deceiv$ by 8 words & explanations4 ,x is ,nature aga9/ some?+ :i* is also ,nature4 ,) _m1 x is fe>2 ) o!rs1 x is loa?+2 ) yet o!rs1 x is ! sign ( a c]ta9 intellectuality1 ! love ( a bloodless & passionless ideal2 & 9 ! case ( ! mo/ sup]ior m51 x is love ( an ab/ract ,nature--^! try to live up to _! ideal4 ,x is easily und]/ood t humiliation 9 ! place ( self-e/eem1 anxi\s cauti\sness t[>ds ! passions1 emancipation f ! usual duties 7:]eby1 a high] notion ( rank is creat$71 ! incitem5t to con/ant w> on behalf ( enorm\s issues1 habituation to effusiv5ess ( feel+s--all ?is goes to con/itute a type3 9 su* a type ! hyp]s5sitiv5ess ( a p]i%+ body prepond]ates2 b ! n]v\sness & ! inspirations x eng5d]s are int]pret$ diff]5tly4 ,! ta/e ( ?is k9d ( creature t5ds ei!r 7#a7 to subtilise1 7#b7 to indulge 9 bomba/ic eloqu5ce1 or 7#c7 to g 9 = extreme feel+s4 ,! natural incl9ations d get satisfi$1 b !y are int]pret$ 9 a new way2 = in/ance1 z ju/ification be=e ,god1 ! feel+ ( r$emption ?r\gh grace1 e und5iable feel+ ( pleasure becomes 7int]pret$ 9 ?is way67 pride1 voluptu\sness1 etc4 ,g5]al problem3 :at w become ( ! man :o sl&]s & practically d5ies & belittles :at is natural8 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! ,*ri/ian is an example ( exagg]at$ self-control3 9 ord] to tame 8 passions1 he seems to f9d x necess>y to extirpate or crucify !m4 #bbi4 ,man did n "k himself physiologically ?r\gh\t ! ages 8 hi/ory cov]s2 he does n ev5 "k himself n[4 ,! k1 = in/ance1 t man has a n]v\s sy/em 7b no s\l7 is /ill ! privilege ( ! mo/ educat$ p4 ,b man is n satisfi$1 9 ?is respect1 to say he does n "k4 ,a man mu/ be v sup]ior to be able to say3 ,i d n "k ?is1--t is to say1 to be able to admit 8 ignorance4 ,suppose he is 9 pa9 or 9 a good mood1 he nev] que/ions t he c f9d ! reason ( ei!r condition if only he seeks4444 ,9 tru?1 he _c f9d ! reason2 = he does n ev5 suspect :]e x lies4444 ,:at happ5s8444 ,he takes ! result ( 8 condition = its cause2 = in/ance1 if he %\ld und]take "s "w 7really und]tak5 because 8 good mood gave him ! c\rage to d s7 & c>ry x ?r\gh successfully3 behold1 ! "w itself is ! reason ( 8 good mood4444 ,z a matt] ( fact1 8 success 0 det]m9$ by ! same cause z t :i* br\ght ab\t 8 good mood--t is to say1 ! happy co-ord9ation ( physiological p[]s & functions4 ,he feels bad3 consequ5tly he _c ov]come a c>e1 a scruple1 or an attitude ( self-criticism4444 ,he really fancies t 8 disagreeable condition is ! result ( 8 scruple1 ( 8 s91 or ( 8 self-criticism4 ,b aft] pr(\nd exhau/ion & pro/ration1 a /ate ( recov]y sets 94 ,h[ is x possible t ,i c feel s free1 s happy8 ,x is a miracle2 only a ,god c\ld h effect$ ?is *ange4--,conclusion3 ,he has =giv5 my s94 444 ,f ?is foll[ c]ta9 practices3 9 ord] to provoke feel+s ( s9fulness & to prep>e ! way = cru%$ spirits x is necess>y to induce a condition ( morbidity & n]v\sness 9 ! body4 ,! me?ods ( do+ ?is are well kn[n4 ,( c\rse1 nobody suspects ! causal logic ( ! fact3 ! mac]ation ( ! fle% is int]pret$ religi\sly1 x seems l an end 9 itself1 :]eas x is no m ?an a means ( br++ ab\t t morbid /ate ( indige/ion :i* is kn[n z rep5tance 7! fix$ idea ( s91 ! hypnotis+ ( ! h5 by-means ( ! *alk-l9e s974 ,! mi%&l+ ( ! body prep>es ! gr\nd = ! requir$ range ( guilty feel+s--t is to say1 = t g5]al /ate ( pa9 :i* dem&s an explanation4444 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! me?od ( salvation may also develop f ! above3 e dissipation ( ! feel+s1 :e!r pray]s1 movem5ts1 attitudes1 or oa?s1 has be5 provok$1 & exhau/ion foll[s2 v (t5 x is acute1 or x appe>s 9 ! =m ( epilepsy4 ,& beh9d ?is condition ( deep somnol5ce !re come signs ( recov]y--or1 9 religi\s p>lance1 ,salvation4 #bcj4 ,=m]ly1 ! conditions & results ( physiological exhau/ion 7 consid]$ m important ?an heal?y conditions & _! results1 & ?is 0 ow+ to ! sudd5ness1 fe>fulness1 & my/]i\sness ( ! =m]4 ,m5 7 t]rifi$ by !mselves1 & po/ulat$ ! exi/5ce ( a high] _w4 ,p h ascrib$ ! orig9 ( ! idea ( two worlds--"o ?is side ( ! grave & ! o!r beyond x--to sleep & dreams1 to %ad[s1 to night1 & to ! fe> ( ,nature3 b ! symptoms ( physiological exhau/ion %\ld1 above all1 h be5 consid]$4 ,anci5t religions h q special me?ods ( discipl9+ ! pi\s into /ates ( exhau/ion1 9 :i* !y mu/ exp]i5ce su* ?+s4444 ,! idea 01 t "o ent]$ into a new ord] ( ?+s1 :]e ev]y?+ ceases to be kn[n4--,! semblance ( a high] p[]4444 #bca4 ,sleep is ! result ( e k9d ( exhau/ion2 exhau/ion foll[s ^u all excessive excitem5t4444 ,9 all pessimi/ic religions & philosophies !re is a ye>n+ = sleep2 ! v notion sleep is deifi$ & wor%ipp$4 ,9 ?is case ! exhau/ion is racial2 sleep reg>d$ psy*ologically is only a symbol ( a mu* deep] & long] compulsion to re/4444 ,9 praxi x is dea? :i* rules "h 9 ! s$uctive image ( its bro!r sleep4444 #bcb4 ,! :ole ( ! ,*ri/ian tra9+ 9 rep5tance & r$emption may be reg>d$ z a folie circulaire arbitr>ily produc$2 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 x c be produc$ only 9 p :o are pr$ispos$ to x--t is to say1 :o h morbid t5d5cies 9 _! con/itutions4 #bcc4 ,aga9/ remorse & its purely psy*ical treatm5t4--,to be unable to h done ) an exp]i5ce is already a sign ( decad5ce4 ,?is reop5+ ( old w\nds1 ?is wall[+ 9 self-contempt & depression1 is an additional =m ( disease2 no salvation ( ! s\l ev] results f x1 b only a new k9d ( spiritual illness4444 ,^! conditions ( salvation ( :i* ! ,*ri/ian is consci\s are m]ely v>iations ( ! same diseas$ /ate--! int]pretation ( an attack ( epilepsy by means ( a p>ticul> =mula :i* is provid$1 n by sci5ce1 b by religi\s mania4 ,:5 a man is ill 8 v goodness is sickly4444 ,by f> ! greate/ portion ( ! psy*ical app>atus :i* ,*ri/ianity has us$1 is n[ class$ among ! v>i\s =ms ( hy/]ia & epilepsy4 ,! :ole process ( spiritual heal+ mu/ be remodell$ on a physiological basis3 ! /+ ( consci5ce z su* is an ob/acle 9 ! way ( recov]y--z soon z possible ! attempt mu/ be made to c\nt]balance ev]y?+ by means ( new actions1 s t !re may be an escape f ! morbidness ( self-torture4444 ,! purely psy*ical practices ( ! ,*ur* & ( ! v>i\s sects %\ld be decri$ z dang]\s to ! heal?4 ,no invalid is ev] cur$ by pray]s or by ! exorcis+ ( evil spirits3 ! /ates ( repose :i* foll[ ^u su* me?ods ( treatm5t1 by no means inspire confid5ce1 9 ! psy*ological s5se4444 ,a man is heal?y :5 he c laugh at ! s]i\sness & ard\r ) :i* he has all[$ himself to be hypnotis$ to any ext5t by any detail 9 8 life--:5 8 remorse seems to him l ! action ( a dog bit+ a /one--:5 he is a%am$ ( 8 rep5tance4 ,! purely psy*ological & religi\s practices1 :i* h exi/$ hi!rto1 only l$ to an alt]ation 9 ! symptoms3 accord+ to !m a man _h recov]$ :5 he b[$ be=e ! cross1 & swore t 9 future he w\ld be a good man4444 ,b a crim9al1 :o1 ) a c]ta9 gloomy s]i\sness cleaves to 8 fate & refuses to malign 8 de$ once x is done1 has m spiritual heal?4444 ,! crim9als ) :om ,do/oiewsky associat$ 9 prison1 7 all1 )\t exception1 unbrok5 natures1--are !y n a hundr$ times m valuable ?an a brok5-spirit$ ,*ri/ian8 7,= ! treatm5t ( pangs ( consci5ce ,i recomm5d ,mit*ell's ,treatm5t4#b7 ,footnote #b3 ,,translator',s ,,note4--,9 ,! ,new ,syd5ham ,society's ,lexicon ( ,m$ic9e & ! ,alli$ ,sci5ces1 ! foll[+ description ( ,mit*ell's treatm5t is to be f\nd3 ,a me?od ( treat+ cases ( neura/h5ia & hy/]ia 444 by removal f home1 re/ 9 b$1 massage twice a day1 electrical excitation ( ! muscles1 & excessive fe$+1 at fir/ ) milk4 #bcd4 ,a pang ( consci5ce 9 a man is a sign t 8 "* is n yet equal to 8 de$4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z a pang ( consci5ce aft] good de$s3 9 ?is case x is _! unfamili>ity1 _! incompatibility ) an old environm5t4 #bce4 ,aga9/ remorse4--,i d n l ?is =m ( c[>dice 9 reg>d to "o's own actions1 "o mu/ n leave "o's self 9 ! lur* "u ! pressure ( sudd5 %ame or di/ress4 ,extreme pride is mu* m fitt+ "h4 ,:at is ! good ( x all 9 ! end6 ,no de$ gets undone because x is regrett$1 no m ?an because x is =giv5 or expiat$4 ,a man mu/ be a !ologian 9 ord] to believe 9 a p[] t erases faults3 we immorali/s pref] to disbelieve 9 faults4 ,we believe t all de$s1 ( :at k9d soev]1 are id5tically ! same at root2 j z de$s :i* turn aga9/ u may be useful f an economical po9t ( view1 & ev5 g5]ally desirable4 ,9 c]ta9 individual cases1 we admit t we might well h be5 sp>$ a giv5 action2 ! circum/ances alone pr$ispos$ u 9 its fav\r4 ,:i* ( u1 if fav\r$ by circum/ances1 w\ld n already h committ$ e possible crime8444 ,t is :y "o %\ld nev] say3 ,?\ %\ld/ nev] h done su* & su* a ?+1 b only3 ,h[ /range x is t ,i h n done su* & su* a ?+ hundr$s ( times already6--,z a matt] ( fact1 only a v small numb] ( acts are typical acts & real epitomes ( a p]sonality1 & see+ :at a small numb] ( p really are p]sonalities1 a s+le act v r>ely *>act]ises a man4 ,acts are mo/ly dictat$ by circum/ances2 !y are sup]ficial or m]ely reflex movem5ts p]=m$ 9 response to a /imulus1 long be=e ! dep?s ( our be+s are affect$ or consult$ 9 ! matt]4 ,a fit ( temp]1 a ge/ure1 a bl[ ) a knife3 h[ little ( ! individual resides 9 ^! acts6--,a de$ v (t5 br+s a sort ( /upor or feel+ ( con/ra9t 9 its wake3 s t ! ag5t feels almo/ spellb\nd at its recollection1 or z ?\gh he belong$ to x1 & 7 n an indep5d5t creature4 ,?is m5tal disord]1 :i* is a =m ( hypnotism1 mu/ be resi/$ at all co/s3 surely a s+le de$1 :atev] x be1 :5 x is comp>$ ) all "o has done1 is no?+1 & may be d$uct$ f ! sum )\t mak+ ! acc\nt wrong4 ,! unfair int]e/ :i* society manife/s 9 controll+ ! :ole ( our lives 9 "o direction1 z ?\gh ! v purpose ( its exi/5ce 7 to cultivate a c]ta9 individual act1 %\ld n infect ! man ( action3 b un=tunately ?is happ5s almo/ cont9ually4 ,! reason ( ?is is1 t e de$1 if foll[$ by unexpect$ consequ5ces1 leads to a c]ta9 m5tal di/urbance1 no matt] :e!r ! consequ5ces be good or bad4 ,behold a lov] :o has be5 giv5 a promise1 or a poet :ile he is receiv+ applause f an audi5ce3 z f> z intellectual torpor is conc]n$1 ^! m5 are 9 no way diff]5t f ! an>*i/ :o is sudd5ly confront$ by a detective be>+ a se>* w>rant4 ,!re are "s acts :i* are unwor?y ( u3 acts :i*1 if !y 7 reg>d$ z typical1 w\ld set u d[n z belong+ to a l[] class ( man4 ,! "o fault t has to be avoid$ "h1 is to reg>d !m z typical4 ,!re is ano!r k9d ( act ( :i* we are unwor?y3 exceptional acts1 born ( a p>ticul> abundance ( happ9ess & heal?2 !y are ! highe/ waves ( our spr+ tides1 driv5 to an unusual height by a /orm--an accid5t3 su* acts & de$s are also n typical4 ,an arti/ %\ld nev] be judg$ accord+ to ! measure ( 8 works4 #bcf4 ,a4 ,9 proportion z ,*ri/ianity seems necess>y to-day1 man is /ill wild & fatal4444 ,b4 ,9 ano!r s5se1 x is n necess>y1 b extremely dang]\s1 ?\gh x is captivat+ & s$uctive1 because x corresponds ) ! morbid "* ( :ole classes & types ( mod]n humanity1 444 !y simply foll[ _! incl9ations :5 !y aspire to ,*ri/ianity--!y are decad5ts ( all k9ds4 ,a & ,b mu/ be kept v %>ply ap>t4 ,9 ! case ( ,a1 ,*ri/ianity is a cure1 or at lea/ a tam+ process 7"u c]ta9 circum/ances x s]ves ! purpose ( mak+ p ill3 & ?is is sometimes useful z a means ( subdu+ savage & brutal natures74 ,9 ! case ( ,b1 x is a symptom ( illness itself1 x r5d]s ! /ate ( decad5ce m acute2 9 ?is case x /&s oppos$ to a corroborat+ sy/em ( treatm5t1 x is ! invalid's in/9ct /&+ aga9/ t :i* w\ld be mo/ salut>y to him4 #bcg4 ,on "o side !re are ! s]i\s1 ! dignifi$1 & reflective p3 & on ! o!r ! b>b>\s1 ! unclean1 & ! irresponsible bea/s3 x is m]ely a "q ( tam+ animals--& 9 ?is case ! tam] mu/ be h>d1 t]rible1 & awe-inspir+1 at lea/ to 8 bea/s4 ,all ess5tial requirem5ts mu/ be impos$ ^u ! unruly creatures ) almo/ brutal di/9ctness--t is to say1 magnifi$ a ?\s& times4 ,ev5 ! fulfilm5t ( ! requirem5t mu/ be pres5t$ 9 ! co>se/ way possible1 s t x may comm& respect1 z 9 ! case ( ! spiritualisation ( ! ,brahm9s4 ,! /ruggle ) ! rabble & ! h]d4 ,if any degree ( tam5ess & ord] has be5 rea*$1 ! *asm sep>at+ ^! purifi$ & reg5]at$ p f ! t]rible rema9d] mu/ h be5 bridg$4444 ,?is *asm is a means ( increas+ self-respect 9 high] ca/es1 & ( confirm+ _! belief 9 t :i* !y repres5t--h5ce ! ,*&ala4 ,contempt & its excess are p]fectly correct psy*ologically--t is to say1 magnifi$ a hundr$ times1 s t x may at lea/ be felt4 #bch4 ,! /ruggle aga9/ brutal in/9cts is q diff]5t f ! /ruggle aga9/ morbid in/9cts2 x may ev5 be a means ( ov]com+ brutality by mak+ ! brutes ill4 ,! psy*ical treatm5t practis$ by ,*ri/ianity is (t5 no?+ m ?an ! process ( conv]t+ a brute into a sick & !re=e tame animal4 ,! /ruggle aga9/ raw & savage natures mu/ be a /ruggle ) weapons :i* are able to affect su* natures3 sup]/itions & su* means are !re=e indisp5sable & ess5tial4 #bci4 ,our age1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 is mature 7t is to say1 decad5t71 j z ,buddha's 04444 ,t is :y a sort ( ,*ri/ianity is possible )\t all ! absurd dogmas 7! mo/ repulsive (f%oots ( anci5t hybridism74 #bdj4 ,suppos+ x 7 impossible to disprove ,*ri/ianity1 ,pascal ?9ks1 9 view ( ! t]rible possibility t x may be true1 t x is 9 ! highe/ degree prud5t to be a ,*ri/ian4 ,z a pro( ( h[ mu* ,*ri/ianity has lo/ ( its t]rible nature1 to-day we f9d t o!r attempt to ju/ify x1 :i* consi/s 9 ass]t+1 t ev5 if x 7 a mi/ake1 x nev]!less provides ! greate/ advantages & pleasures = its adh]5ts ?r\gh\t _! lives3--x !re=e seems t ?is belief %\ld be upheld ow+ to ! peace & quiet x ensures--n ow+ to ! t]ror ( a ?reat5+ possibility1 b r out ( fe> ( a life t has lo/ its *>m4 ,?is h$oni/ic turn ( ?\ght1 :i* uses happ9ess z a pro(1 is a symptom ( decl9e3 x takes ! place ( ! pro( result+ f p[] or f t :i* to ! ,*ri/ian m9d is mo/ t]rible--namely1 fe>4 ,) ?is new int]pretation1 ,*ri/ianity is1 z a matt] ( fact1 ne>+ its /age ( exhau/ion4 ,p are satisfi$ ) a ,*ri/ianity :i* is an opiate1 because !y no long] h ! /r5g? to seek1 to /ruggle1 to d>e1 to /& alone1 nor to take up ,pascal's position & to %>e t gloomily brood+ self-contempt1 t belief 9 human unwor?9ess1 & t anxiety :i* believes t x may be damn$4 ,b a ,*ri/ianity ! *ief object ( :i* is to soo! diseas$ n]ves1 does n require ! t]rible solution consi/+ ( a ,god on ! cross2 t is :y ,buddhism is secretly ga9+ gr\nd all ov] ,europe4 #bda4 ,! hum\r ( ,european culture3 p reg>d "o ?+ z true1 b d ! o!r4 ,= in/ance1 :at is ! use ( all ! art ( read+ & criticis+1 if ! ecclesia/ical int]pretation ( ! ,bible1 :e!r accord+ to ,ca?olics or ,prote/ants1 is /ill upheld6 #bdb4 ,no "o is suffici5tly aw>e ( ! b>b>ity ( ! notions among :i* we ,europeans /ill live4 ,to ?9k t m5 h be5 able to believe t ! ,salvation ( ! s\l dep5d$ ^u a book6444 ,& ,i am told t ?is is /ill believ$4 ,:at is ! good ( all sci5tific education1 all criticism & all h]m5eutics1 if su* nons5se z ! ,*ur*'s int]pretation ( ! ,bible has n yet turn$ ! col\rs ( our bodies p]man5tly into ! r$ ( %ame8 #bdc4 ,subject = reflection3 ,to :at ext5t does ! fatal belief 9 ,div9e ,provid5ce--! mo/ p>alys+ belief = bo? ! h& & ! und]/&+ t has ev] exi/$--cont9ue to prevail2 to :at ext5t h ! ,*ri/ian hypo!sis & int]pretation ( ,life cont9u$ _! lives "u ! cov] ( t]ms l ,nature1 ,progress1 p]fectionm5t1 ,d>w9ism1 or b5ea? ! sup]/ition t !re is a c]ta9 relation betwe5 happ9ess & virtue1 unhapp9ess & s98 ,t absurd belief 9 ! c\rse ( ?+s1 9 ,life & 9 ! in/9ct ( ,life2 t fooli% resignation :i* arises f ! notion t if only e "o did 8 duty all w\ld g well--all ?is sort ( ?+ c only h a mean+ if "o assumes t !re is a direction ( ?+s sub specie boni4 ,ev5 fatalism1 our pres5t =m ( philosophical s5sibility1 is ! result ( a long belief 9 ,div9e ,provid5ce1 an unconsci\s result3 z ?\gh x 7 no?+ to d ) u h[ ev]y?+ goes6 7,z ?\gh we might let ?+s take _! own c\rse2 ! individual be+ only a modus ( ! absolute reality47 #bdd4 ,x is ! height ( psy*ological falsity on ! "p ( man to imag9e a be+ accord+ to 8 own petty /&>d1 :o is a beg9n+1 a ?+-9-itself1 & :o appe>s to him good1 wise1 mighty1 & preci\s2 = ?us he suppresses 9 ?\ghts all ! causality by means ( :i* e k9d ( goodness1 wisdom1 & p[] comes into exi/5ce & has value4 ,9 %ort1 elem5ts ( ! mo/ rec5t & mo/ conditional orig9 7 reg>d$ n z evolv$1 b z spontane\sly g5]at$ & ?+s-9-!mselves1 & p]haps z ! cause ( all ?+s4444 ,exp]i5ce tea*es u t1 9 e case 9 :i* a man has means elevat$ ! int]e/s ( ! species above ^? ( ! individual4 ,its real hi/orical effect1 its fatal effect1 rema9s precisely ! increase ( egotism1 ( individual egotism1 to excess 7to ! extreme :i* consi/s 9 ! belief 9 individual immortality74 ,! individual 0 made s important & s absolute1 by means ( ,*ri/ian values1 t he c\ld no long] be sacrific$1 despite ! fact t ! species c only be ma9ta9$ by human sacrifices4 ,all s\ls became equal be=e ,god3 b ?is is ! mo/ p]nici\s ( all valuations6 ,if "o reg>ds individuals z equals1 ! dem&s ( ! species are ignor$1 & a process is initiat$ :i* ultimately leads to its ru94 ,*ri/ianity is ! rev]se ( ! pr9ciple ( selection4 ,if ! deg5]ate & sick man 7! ,*ri/ian7 is to be ( ! same value z ! heal?y man 7! pagan71 or if he is ev5 to be valu$ high] ?an ! latt]1 z ,pascal's view ( heal? & sickness w\ld h u value him1 ! natural c\rse ( evolution is ?w>t$ & ! unnatural becomes law4444 ,9 practice ?is g5]al love ( mank9d is no?+ m ?an delib]ately fav\r+ all ! suff]+1 ! bot*$1 & ! deg5]ate3 x is ?is love t has r$uc$ & weak5$ ! p[]1 responsibility1 & l(ty duty ( sacrific+ m54 ,accord+ to ! s*eme ( ,*ri/ian values1 all t rema9$ 0 ! alt]native ( self-sacrifice1 b ?is ve/ige ( human sacrifice1 :i* ,*ri/ianity conc$$ & ev5 recomm5d$1 has no mean+ :5 reg>d$ 9 ! light ( re>+ a :ole species4 ,! prosp]ity ( ! species is by no means affect$ by ! sacrifice ( "o individual 7:e!r 9 ! mona/ic & ascetic mann]1 or by means ( crosses1 /akes1 & scaffolds1 z ! m>tyrs ( error74 ,:at ! species requires is ! suppression ( ! physiologically bot*$1 ! weak & ! deg5]ate3 b x 0 precisely to ^! p t ,*ri/ianity appeal$ z a pres]vative =ce1 x simply /r5g!n$ t natural & v /rong in/9ct ( all ! weak :i* bids !m protect1 ma9ta91 & mutually support ea* o!r4 ,:at is ,*ri/ian virtue & love ( m51 if n precisely ?is mutual assi/ance ) a view to survival1 ?is solid>ity ( ! weak1 ?is ?w>t+ ( selection8 ,:at is ,*ri/ian altruism1 if x is n ! mob-egotism ( ! weak :i* div9es t1 if ev]ybody looks aft] ev]ybody else1 e individual w be pres]v$ = a long] p]iod ( "t8444 ,he :o does n consid] ?is attitude ( m9d z immoral1 z a crime aga9/ life1 himself belongs to ! sickly cr[d1 & also %>es _! in/9cts4444 ,g5u9e love ( mank9d exacts sacrifice = ! good ( ! species--x is h>d1 full ( self-control1 because x ne$s human sacrifices4 ,& ?is pseudo-humanity :i* is call$ ,*ri/ianity1 w\ld fa9 e/abli% ! rule t nobody %\ld be sacrific$4 #bdg4 ,no?+ c\ld be m useful & des]ves m promotion ?an sy/ematic ,nihilism 9 action4--,z ,i und]/& ! ph5om5a ( ,*ri/ianity & pessimism1 ?is is :at !y say3 ,we are ripe = non5tity1 = u x is reasonable n to be4 ,?is h9t f reason 9 ?is case1 is simply ! voice ( selective ,nature4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :at des]ves ! mo/ rigor\s condemnation1 is ! ambigu\s & c[>dly infirmity ( purpose ( a religion l ,*ri/ianity1--or r l ! ,*ur*1--:i*1 in/ead ( recomm5d+ dea? & self-de/ruction1 actually protects all ! bot*$ & bungl$1 & enc\rages !m to propagate _! k9d4 ,problem3 ) :at k9d ( means c\ld "o lead up to a sev]e =m ( really contagi\s ,nihilism--a ,nihilism :i* w\ld tea* & practise volunt>y dea? ) sci5tific consci5ti\sness 7& n ! feeble cont9uation ( a vegetative sort ( life ) false hopes ( a life aft] dea?78 ,*ri/ianity _c be suffici5tly condemn$ = hav+ depreciat$ ! value ( a great cleans+ ,nihili/ic movem5t 7l ! "o :i* 0 probably 9 ! process ( =mation71 by its tea*+ ( ! immortality ( ! private individual1 z also by ! hopes ( resurrection :i* x held out3 t is to say1 by dissuad+ p f p]=m+ ! de$ ( ,nihilism :i* is suicide4444 ,9 ! latt]'s place x puts l+]+ suicide1 & gradually a puny1 meagre1 b durable life2 gradually a p]fectly ord9>y1 b\rgeois1 m$iocre life1 etc4 #bdh4 ,*ri/ian moral quack]y4--,pity & contempt succe$ ea* o!r at %ort int]vals1 & at ! sight ( !m ,i feel z indignant z if ,i 7 9 ! pres5ce ( ! mo/ despicable crime4 ,"h error is made a duty--a virtue1 misappreh5sion has become a knack1 ! de/ructive in/9ct is sy/ematis$ "u ! "n ( r$emption2 "h e op]ation becomes a w\nd1 an amputation ( ^? v organs ^: en]gy w\ld be ! pr]equisite to a return ( heal?4 ,& 9 ! be/ ( cases no cure is effect$2 all t is done is to ex*ange "o set ( evil symptoms = ano!r set4444 ,& ?is p]nici\s nons5se1 ?is sy/ematis$ pr(anation & ca/ration ( life1 passes = holy & sacr$2 to be 9 its s]vice1 to be an in/rum5t ( ?is art ( heal+--t is to say1 to be a prie/1 is to be r5d]$ di/+ui%$1 rev]5t1 holy1 & sacr$4 ,god alone c\ld h be5 ! ,au?or ( ?is supreme art ( heal+2 r$emption is only possible z a revelation1 z an act ( grace1 z an une>n$ gift1 made by ! ,creator ,himself4 ,proposition ,i43 ,spiritual heal?9ess is reg>d$ z morbid1 & creates suspicion4444 ,proposition ,,ii43 ,! pr]equisites ( a /rong1 exub]ant life--/rong desires & passions--are reckon$ z objections aga9/ /rong & exub]ant life4 ,proposition ,,iii43 ,ev]y?+ :i* ?reat5s dang] to man1 & :i* c ov]come & ru9 him1 is evil--& %\ld be torn root & bran* f 8 s\l4 ,proposition ,,iv43 ,man conv]t$ into a weak creature1 in(f5sive to himself & o!rs1 cru%$ by humility & mode/y1 & consci\s ( 8 weakness1--9 fact1 ! s9n]1--?is is ! desirable type1 & "o :i* "o c produce by means ( a little spiritual surg]y4444 #bdi4 ,:at is x ,i prote/ aga9/8 ,t p %\ld reg>d ?is paltry & peaceful m$iocrity1 ?is spiritual equilibrium :i* kn[s no?+ ( ! f9e impulses ( great accumulations ( /r5g?1 z some?+ high1 or possibly z ! /&>d ( all ?+s4 ,bacon ( ,v]ulam says3 ,infim>um virtutum apud vulgus laus e/1 m$i>um admiratio1 suprem>um s5sus nullus4 ,*ri/ianity z a religion1 h[ev]1 belongs to ! vulgus3 x has no feel+ = ! highe/ k9d ( virtus4 #bej4 ,let u see :at ! g5u9e ,*ri/ian does ( all ! ?+s :i* 8 in/9cts =bid him to d3--he cov]s beauty1 pride1 ri*es1 self-reliance1 brilliancy1 k1 & p[] ) suspicion & mud--9 %ort1 all culture3 8 object is to deprive ! latt] ( its clean consci5ce4 #bea4 ,! attacks made ^u ,*ri/ianity1 hi!rto1 h be5 n only timid b false4 ,s long z ,*ri/ian morality 0 n felt to be a capital crime aga9/ ,life1 its apologi/s _h a good "t4 ,! "q conc]n+ ! m]e tru? ( ,*ri/ianity--:e!r 9 reg>d to ! exi/5ce ( its ,god1 or to ! leg5d>y hi/ory ( its orig91 n to speak ( its a/ronomy & natural sci5ce--is q beside ! po9t s long z no inquiry is made into ! value ( ,*ri/ian morality4 ,are ,*ri/ian morals wor? any?+1 or are !y a pr(anation & an outrage1 despite all ! arts ( hol9ess & s$uction ) :i* !y are en=c$8 ,! "q conc]n+ ! tru? ( ! religion may be met by all sorts ( subt]fuges2 & ! mo/ f]v5t believ]s c1 9 ! end1 avail !mselves ( ! logic us$ by _! oppon5ts1 9 ord] to create a "r = _! side to ass]t t c]ta9 ?+s are irrefutable--t is to say1 !y transc5d ! means employ$ to refute !m 7n[adays ?is trick ( dialectics is call$ ,kantian ,criticism74 #beb4 ,*ri/ianity %\ld nev] be =giv5 = hav+ ru9$ su* m5 z ,pascal4 ,?is is precisely :at %\ld be combat$ 9 ,*ri/ianity1 namely1 t x has ! w to break ! _s ( ! /ronge/ & noble/ natures4 ,"o %\ld take no re/ until ?is ?+ is utt]ly de/roy$3--! ideal ( mank9d :i* ,*ri/ianity advances1 ! dem&s x makes ^u m51 & its ,nay & ,yea relative to humanity4 ,! :ole ( ! rema9+ absurdities1 t is to say1 ,*ri/ian fable1 ,*ri/ian cobweb-sp9n+ 9 ideas & pr9ciples1 & ,*ri/ian !ology1 d n conc]n u2 !y might be a ?\s& times m absurd & we %\ld n raise a f+] to de/roy !m4 ,b :at we d /& up aga9/1 is t ideal :i*1 ?anks to its morbid beauty & fem99e s$uctiv5ess1 ?anks to its insidi\s & sl&]\s eloqu5ce1 appeals to all ! c[>dices & vanities ( we>i$ s\ls1--& ! /ronge/ h _! mom5ts ( fatigue1--z ?\gh all t :i* seems mo/ useful & desirable at su* mom5ts--t is to say1 confid5ce1 artlessness1 mode/y1 pati5ce1 love ( "o's l1 resignation1 submission to ,god1 & a sort ( self-surr5d]--7 useful & desirable p] se2 z ?\gh ! puny1 mode/ abortion :i* 9 ^! creatures takes ! place ( a s\l1 ?is virtu\s1 m$iocre animal & %eep ( ! flock--:i* deigns to call itself man1 7 n only to take prec$5ce ( ! /rong]1 m evil1 m passionate1 m defiant1 & m prodigal type ( man1 :o by virtue ( ^! v qualities is expos$ to a hundr$ times m dang]s ?an ! =m]1 b 7 actually to /& z an ideal = man 9 g5]al1 z a goal1 a measure--! highe/ desid]atum4 ,! creation ( ?is ideal 0 ! mo/ appall+ temptation t _h ev] be5 put 9 ! way ( mank9d2 =1 ) x1 ! /rong] & m successful exceptions1 ! lucky cases among m51 9 :i* ! w to p[] & to gr[? leads ! :ole species man "o /ep f>!r =w>d1 ?is type 0 ?reat5$ ) disa/]4 ,by means ( ! values ( ?is ideal1 ! gr[? ( su* high] m5 w\ld be *eck$ at ! root4 ,= ^! m51 ow+ to _! sup]ior dem&s & duties1 readily accept a m dang]\s life 7speak+ economically1 x is a case ( an increase 9 ! co/s ( ! und]tak+ co9cid+ ) a great] *ance ( failure74 ,:at is x we combat 9 ,*ri/ianity8 ,t x aims at de/roy+ ! /rong1 at break+ _! _s1 at exploit+ _! mom5ts ( we>9ess & debility1 at conv]t+ _! pr\d assurance into anxiety & consci5ce-tr\ble2 t x kn[s h[ to poison ! noble/ in/9cts & to infect !m ) disease1 until _! /r5g?1 _! w to p[]1 turns inw>ds1 aga9/ !mselves--until ! /rong p]i% ?r\gh _! excessive self-contempt & self-immolation3 t gruesome way ( p]i%+1 ( :i* ,pascal is ! mo/ fam\s example4 ,,ii4 ,a ,,criticism ,,( ,,morality4 #a4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,moral ,,valuations4 #bec4 ,?is is an attempt at inve/igat+ morality )\t be+ affect$ by its *>m1 & n )\t "s mi/ru/ 9 reg>d to ! beguil+ beauty ( its attitudes & looks4 ,a _w :i* we c admire1 :i* is 9 keep+ ) our capacity = wor%ip--:i* is cont9ually demon/rat+ itself--9 small ?+s or 9 l>ge3 ?is is ! ,*ri/ian /&po9t :i* is common to u all4 ,b ow+ to an increase 9 our a/ut5ess1 9 our mi/ru/1 & 9 our sci5tific _s 7also ?r\gh a m develop$ in/9ct = tru?1 :i* aga9 is due to ,*ri/ian influ5ce71 ?is int]pretation has gr[n ev] less & less t5able = u4 ,! craftie/ ( subt]fuges3 ,kantian criticism4 ,! intellect n only d5ies itself e "r to int]pret ?+s 9 t way1 b also to reject ! int]pretation once x has be5 made4 ,p are satisfi$ ) a great] dem& ^u _! cr$ulity & fai?1 ) a r5unciation ( all "r to reason conc]n+ ! pro( ( _! cre$1 ) an intangible & sup]ior ,ideal 7,god7 z a /op-gap4 ,! ,hegelian subt]fuge1 a cont9uation ( ! ,platonic1 a piece ( romanticism & reaction1 & at ! same "t a symptom ( ! hi/orical s5se ( a new p[]3 ,_s itself is ! self-reveal+ & self-realis+ ideal3 we believe t 9 ! process (1 developm5t an ev] great] proportion ( ?is ideal is be+ manife/$--?us ! ideal is be+ realis$1 fai? is ve/$ 9 ! future into :i* all its noble ne$s are project$ & 9 :i* !y are be+ wor%ipp$4 ,9 %ort3-- 7#a7 ,god is unkn[able to u & n to be demon/rat$ by u 7! conceal$ mean+ beh9d ! :ole ( ! epi/emological movem5t72 7#b7 ,god may be demon/rat$1 b z some?+ evolv+1 & we are "p ( x1 z our press+ desire = an ideal proves 7! conceal$ mean+ beh9d ! hi/orical movem5t74 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t criticism is nev] levell$ at ! ideal itself1 b only at ! problem :i* gives rise to a controv]sy conc]n+ ! ideal--t is to say1 :y x has n yet be5 realis$1 or :y x is n demon/rable 9 small ?+s z 9 great4 999999 ,x makes all ! diff]5ce3 :e!r a man recognises ?is /ate ( di/ress z su* ow+ to a passion or to a ye>n+ 9 himself1 or :e!r x comes home to him z a problem :i* he arrives at only by /ra9+ 8 ?9k+ p[]s & 8 hi/orical imag9ation to ! utmo/4 ,away f ! religi\s & philosophical po9ts ( view we f9d ! same ph5om5a4 ,utilit>ianism 7socialism & democracy7 criticises ! orig9 ( moral valuations1 ?\gh x believes 9 !m j z mu* z ! ,*ri/ian does4 7,:at guilelessness6 ,z if morality c\ld rema9 :5 ! sanction+ deity is no long] pres5t6 ,! belief 9 a ,beyond is absolutely necess>y1 if ! fai? 9 morality is to be ma9ta9$47 ,fundam5tal problem3 :5ce comes ?is almighty p[] ( ,fai?8 ,:5ce ?is fai? 9 morality8 7,x is betray$ by ! fact t ev5 ! fundam5tal conditions ( life are falsely int]pret$ 9 fav\r ( x3 despite our k ( plants & animals4 ,self-pres]vation3 ! ,d>w9ian prospect ( a reconciliation ( ! altrui/ic & egoti/ic pr9ciples47 #bed4 ,an inquiry into ! orig9 ( our moral valuations & tables ( law has absolutely no?+ to d ) ! criticism ( !m1 ?\gh p p]si/ 9 believ+ x has2 ! two matt]s lie q ap>t1 not)/&+ ! fact t ! k ( ! pud5da origo ( a valuation does dim9i% its pre/ige1 & prep>es ! way to a critical attitude & _s t[>ds x4 ,:at is ! actual wor? ( our valuations & tables ( moral laws8 ,:at is ! outcome ( _! dom9ion8 ,= :om8 ,9 relation to :at8--answ]3 = ,life4 ,b :at is ,life8 ,a new & m def9ite concept ( :at ,life is1 becomes necess>y "h4 ,my =mula ( ?is concept is3 ,life is ,w to ,p[]4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! v act ( valu+8 ,does x po9t back to ano!r1 metaphysical _w1 or does x po9t d[n8 7,z ,kant believ$1 :o liv$ 9 a p]iod :i* prec$$ ! great hi/orical movem5t47 ,9 %ort3 :at is its orig98 ,or _h x no human orig98--,answ]3 moral valuations are a sort ( explanation1 !y con/itute a me?od ( int]pret+4 ,int]pretation 9 itself is a symptom ( def9ite physiological conditions1 z also ( a def9ite spiritual level ( rul+ judgm5ts4 ,:at is x t int]prets8--,our passions4 #bee ,all virtues %\ld be look$ ^u z physiological conditions3 ! pr9cipal organic functions1 m p>ticul>ly1 %\ld be consid]$ necess>y & good4 ,all virtues are really ref9$ passions & elevat$ physiological conditions4 ,pity & philan?ropy may be reg>d$ z ! developm5ts ( sexual relations1--ju/ice z ! developm5t ( ! passion = rev5ge1--virtue z ! love ( resi/ance1 ! w to p[]1--hon\r z an ackn[l$gm5t ( an equal1 or ( an equally p[]ful1 =ce4 #bef4 ,"u ,morality ,i und]/& a sy/em ( valuations :i* is 9 relation ) ! conditions ( a creature's life4 #beg4 ,=m]ly x 0 said ( e =m ( morality1 ,ye %all "k !m by _! fruits4 ,i say ( e =m ( morality3 ,x is a fruit1 & f x ,i le>n ! ,soil out ( :i* x grew4 #beh4 ,i h tri$ to und]/& all moral judgm5ts z symptoms & a language ( signs 9 :i* ! processes ( physiological prosp]ity or ! rev]se1 z also ! consci\sness ( ! conditions ( pres]vation & gr[?1 are betray$--a mode ( int]pretation equal 9 wor? to a/rology1 prejudices1 creat$ by in/9cts 7peculi> to races1 communities1 & diff]5t /ages ( exi/5ce1 z1 = in/ance1 y\? or decay1 etc474 ,apply+ ?is pr9ciple to ! morality ( ,*ri/ian ,europe m p>ticul>ly1 we f9d t our moral values are signs ( decl9e1 ( a disbelief 9 ,life1 & ( a prep>ation = pessimism4 ,my lead+ doctr9e is ?is3 !re are no moral ph5om5a1 b only a moral int]pretation ( ph5om5a4 ,! orig9 ( ?is int]pretation itself lies beyond ! pale ( morality4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! fact t we h imag9$ a contradiction 9 exi/5ce8 ,?is is ( p>am\nt importance3 beh9d all o!r valuations ^? moral valuations /& comm&+ly4 ,suppos+ !y disappe>1 accord+ to :at /&>d %all we !n measure8 ,& !n ( :at value w\ld k be1 etc4 etc4888 #bei4 ,a po9t ( view3 9 all valuations !re is a def9ite purpose3 ! pres]vation ( an individual1 a community1 a race1 a /ate1 a *ur*1 a belief1 or a culture4--,?anks to ! fact t p =get t all valu+ has a purpose1 "o & ! same man may sw>m ) a ho/ ( contradictory valuations1 & !re=e ) a ho/ ( contradictory impulses4 ,?is is ! expression ( disease 9 man z oppos$ to ! heal? ( animals1 9 :i* all ! in/9cts answ] c]ta9 def9ite purposes4 ,?is creature full ( contradictions1 h[ev]1 has 9 8 be+ a gr& me?od ( acquir+ k3 he feels ! pros & cons1 he elevates himself to ,ju/ice--t is to say1 to ! asc]ta9+ ( pr9ciples beyond ! valuations good & evil4 ,! wise/ man w\ld ?us be ! ri*e/ 9 contradictions1 he w\ld also be gift$ ) m5tal ant5n :]e) he c\ld und]/& all k9ds ( m52 & ) x all he w\ld h 8 great mom5ts1 :5 all ! *ords 9 8 be+ w\ld r+ 9 spl5did unison--! r>e/ ( accid5ts ev5 9 u6 ,a sort ( planet>y movem5t4 #bfj4 ,to w is to w an object4 ,b object1 z an idea1 involves a valuation4 ,:5ce d valuations orig9ate8 ,is a p]man5t norm1 pleasant or pa9ful1 _! basis8 ,b 9 an incalculable numb] ( cases we fir/ ( all make a ?+ pa9ful1 by inve/+ x ) a valuation4 ,! compass ( moral valuations3 !y play a "p 9 almo/ e m5tal impression4 ,to u ! _w is col\r$ by !m4 ,we h imag9$ ! purpose & value ( all ?+s3 ow+ to ?is we possess an enorm\s fund ( lat5t p[]1 b ! /udy ( comp>ative values tea*es u t values :i* 7 actually oppos$ to ea* o!r h be5 held 9 high e/eem1 & t !re h be5 _m tables ( laws 7!y c\ld n1 !re=e1 h be5 wor? any?+ p] se74 ,! analysis ( individual tables ( laws reveal$ ! fact t !y 7 fram$ 7(t5 v badly7 z ! conditions ( exi/5ce = limit$ gr\ps ( p1 to ensure _! ma9t5ance4 ,^u exam9+ mod]n m51 we f\nd t !re are a l>ge numb] ( v diff]5t values to h&1 & t !y no long] conta9 any creative p[]--! fundam5tal pr9ciple3 ! condition ( exi/5ce is n[ q divorc$ f ! moral values4 ,x is mu* m sup]flu\s & n ne>ly s pa9ful4 ,x becomes an arbitr>y matt]4 ,*aos4 ,:o creates ! goal :i* /&s above mank9d k9d & above ! individual8 ,=m]ly morality 0 a pres]vative measure3 b nobody wants to pres]ve any long]1 !re is no?+ to pres]ve4 ,?us we are r$uc$ to an exp]im5tal morality1 ea* mu/ po/ulate a goal = himself4 #bfa4 ,:at is ! crit]ion ( a moral action8 7#a7 ,its dis9t]e/$ness1 7#b7 its univ]sal acceptation1 etc4 ,b ?is is p>l\r-morality4 ,races mu/ be /udi$ & obs]v$1 &1 9 ea* case1 ! crit]ion mu/ be discov]$1 z also ! ?+ x expresses3 a belief su* z3 ,?is p>ticul> attitude or behavi\r belongs to ! pr9cipal condition ( our exi/5ce4 ,immoral means t :i* br+s ab\t ru94 ,n[ all societies 9 :i* ^! pr9ciples 7 discov]$ h met ) _! ru93 a few ( ^! pr9ciples h be5 us$ & us$ aga91 because e newly e/abli%$ community requir$ !m2 ?is 0 ! case1 = in/ance1 ) ,?\ %alt n /eal4 ,9 ages :5 p c\ld n be expect$ to %[ any m>k$ social in/9ct 7z1 = in/ance1 9 ! age ( ! ,roman ,empire7 ! latt] 01 religi\sly speak+1 direct$ t[>ds ! idea ( spiritual salvation1 or1 9 philosophical p>lance1 t[>ds ! greate/ happ9ess4 ,= ev5 ! philosoph]s ( ,greece did n feel any m = _! 4 #bfb4 ,! necessity ( false values4--,a judgm5t may be refut$ :5 x is %[n t x 0 condition$3 b ! necessity ( reta9+ x is n !reby cancell$4 ,reasons c no m eradicate false values ?an !y c alt] a/igmatism 9 a man's eyes4 ,! ne$ ( _! exi/5ce mu/ be und]/ood3 !y are ! result ( causes :i* h no?+ to d ) reason+4 #bfc4 ,to see & reveal ! problem ( morality seems to me to be ! new task & ! pr9cipal ?+ ( all4 ,i d5y t ?is has be5 done by moral philosophies h]et(ore4 #bfd4 ,h[ false & deceptive m5 h always be5 conc]n+ ! fundam5tal facts ( _! inn] _w6 ,"h to h no eye2 "h to hold "o's tongue1 & "h to op5 "o's m\?4 #bfe4 ,!re seems to be no k or consci\sness ( ! _m revolutions t h tak5 place 9 moral judgm5ts1 & ( ! numb] ( times t evil has really & s]i\sly be5 *ri/5$ good & vice v]sa4 ,i myself po9t$ to "o ( ^! trans=mations ) ! words ,sittli*keit d] ,sitte4#c ,ev5 consci5ce has *ang$ its sph]e3 =m]ly !re 0 su* a ?+ z a greg>i\s pang ( consci5ce4 ,footnote #c3 ,! morality ( cu/om4 #bff4 ,a4 ,morality z ! "w ( ,immorality4 #a4 ,9 ord] t moral values may atta9 to supremacy1 a ho/ ( immoral =ces & passions mu/ assi/ !m4 #b4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( moral values is ! "w ( immoral passions & consid]ations4 ,b4 ,morality z ! "w ( error4 ,c4 ',morality gradually contradicts itself4 ,requital--,tru?fulness1 ,d\bt1 1 ,judg+4 ,! ,immorality ( belief 9 morality4 ,! /eps3-- #a4 ,absolute dom9ion ( morality3 all biological ph5om5a measur$ & judg$ accord+ to its values4 #b4 ,! attempt to id5tify ,life ) morality 7symptom ( awak5$ scepticism3 morality mu/ no long] be reg>d$ z ! opposite ( ,life72 _m means are s\ght--ev5 a transc5d5tal "o4 #c4 ,! opposition ( ,life & ,morality4 ,morality condemn$ & s5t5c$ by ,life4 ,d4 ,to :at ext5t 0 morality dang]\s to ,life8 7a7 ,x depreciat$ ! joy ( liv+ & ! gratitude felt t[>ds ,life1 etc4 7b7 ,x *eck$ ! t5d5cy to beautify & to ennoble ,life4 7c7 ,x *eck$ ! k ( ,life4 7d7 ,x *eck$ ! unfold+ ( ,life1 because x tri$ to set ! highe/ ph5om5a !re( at v>iance ) itself4 ,e4 ,contra-acc\nt3 ! usefulness ( morality to ,life4 7#a7 ,morality may be a pres]vative measure = ! g5]al :ole1 x may be a process ( unit+ disp]s$ memb]s3 x is useful z an ag5t 9 ! production ( ! man :o is a tool4 7#b7 ,morality may be a pres]vative measure mitigat+ ! inn] dang] ?reat5+ man f ! direction ( 8 passions3 x is useful to m$iocre p4 7#c7 ,morality may be a pres]vative measure resi/+ ! life-poison+ influ5ces ( pr(\nd sorr[ & bitt]ness3 x is useful to ! suff]]s4 7#d7 ,morality may be a pres]vative measure oppos$ to ! t]rible outbur/s ( ! mighty3 x is useful to ! l[ly4 #bfg4 ,x is an excell5t ?+ :5 "o c use ! expressions "r & wrong 9 a def9ite1 n>r[1 & b\rgeois s5se1 z = in/ance 9 ! s5t5ce3 ,d "r & fe> no "o2#d--t is to say1 to d "o's duty1 accord+ to ! r\gh s*eme ( life )9 ! limit ( :i* a community exi/s4--,let u n ?9k meanly ( :at a few ?\s& ye>s ( morality h inculcat$ ^u our m9ds4 ,footnote #d3 ,?ue ,re*t und s*eue ,niem&4 #bfh4 ,two types ( morality mu/ n be conf\nd$3 ! morality ) :i* ! in/9ct t has rema9$ heal?y def5ds itself f incipi5t decad5ce1 & ! o!r morality by means ( :i* ?is decad5ce ass]ts itself1 ju/ifies itself1 & leads d[nw>ds4 ,! fir/-nam$ is usually /oical1 h>d1 tyrannical 7,/oicism itself 0 an example ( ! sort ( drag-*a9 morality we speak (72 ! o!r is gu%+1 s5tim5tal1 full ( secrets1 x has ! wom5 & beautiful feel+s on its side 7,primitive ,*ri/ianity 0 an example ( ?is morality74 #bfi4 ,i %all try to reg>d all moralis+1 ) "o glance1 z a ph5om5on--also z a riddle4 ,moral ph5om5a h preoccupi$ me l riddles4 ,to-day ,i %\ld be able to give a reply to ! "q3 :y %\ld my neighb\r's welf>e be ( great] value to me ?an my own8 & :y is x t my neighb\r himself %\ld value 8 welf>e diff]5tly f ! way 9 :i* ,i value x--t is to say1 :y %\ld precisely my welf>e be p>am\nt 9 8 m9d8 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is ,?\ %alt1 :i* is reg>d$ z giv5 ev5 by philosoph]s !mselves8 ,! seem+ly insane idea t a man %\ld e/eem ! act he p]=ms = a fell[-creature1 high] ?an ! "o he p]=ms = himself1 & t ! same fell[-creature %\ld d s too 7t only ^? acts %\ld be held to be good :i* are p]=m$ ) an eye to ! neighb\r & = 8 welf>e7 has its reasons--namely1 z ! result ( ! social in/9ct :i* re/s ^u ! valuation1 t s+le individuals are ( little importance al?\gh collectively _! importance is v great4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 presupposes t !y con/itute a community ) "o feel+ & "o consci5ce p]vad+ ! :ole4 ,x is !re=e a sort ( ex]cise = keep+ "o's eyes 9 a c]ta9 direction2 x is ! w to a k9d ( optics :i* r5d]s a view ( "o's self impossible4 ,my idea3 goals are want+1 & ^! mu/ be individuals4 ,we see ! g5]al drift3 e individual gets sacrific$ & s]ves z a tool4 ,let any "o keep 8 eyes op5 9 ! /reets--is n e "o he sees a slave8 ,:i!r8 ,:at is ! purpose ( x all8 #bgj4 ,h[ is x possible t a man c respect himself only 9 reg>d to moral values1 t he subord9ates & despises ev]y?+ 9 fav\r ( good1 evil1 improvem5t1 spiritual salvation1 etc48 z1 = in/ance1 ,h5ri ,frd4 ,amiel4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! moral idiosyncrasy8--,i mean ?is bo? 9 ! psy*ological & physiological s5se1 z x 01 = in/ance1 9 ,pascal4 ,9 cases1 !n1 9 :i* o!r great qualities are n want+2 & ev5 9 ! case ( ,s*op5hau]1 :o obvi\sly valu$ :at he did n & c\ld n h 444--is x n ! result ( a m]ely me*anical moral int]pretation ( real /ates ( pa9 & displeasure8 is x n a p>ticul> =m ( s5sibility :i* does n happ5 to und]/& ! cause ( its _m unpleasurable feel+s1 b ?9ks to expla9 !m ) moral hypo!ses8 ,9 ?is way an occasional feel+ ( well-be+ & /r5g? always appe>s "u ! optics ( a clean consci5ce1 flood$ ) light ?r\gh ! proximity ( ,god & ! consci\sness ( salvation4444 ,?us ! moral idiosyncrati/ has 7#a7 ei!r acquir$ 8 real wor? 9 approximat+ to ! virtu\s type ( society3 ! good fell[1 ! upright man--a sort ( m$ium /ate ( high respectability3 m$iocre 9 all 8 abilities1 b hone/1 consci5ti\s1 firm1 respect$1 & tri$1 9 all 8 aspirations2 7#b7 or1 he imag9es he has acquir$ t wor?1 simply because he _c o!rwise und]/& all 8 /ates--he is unkn[n to himself2 he !re=e int]prets himself 9 ?is fa%ion4--,morality is ! only s*eme ( int]pretation by means ( :i* ?is type ( man c tol]ate himself3--is x a =m ( vanity8 #bga4 ,! pr$om9ance ( moral values4--,! consequ5ce ( ?is pr$om9ance3 ! corruption ( psy*ology1 etc42 ! fatality :i* is associat$ ) x ev]y:]e4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is pr$om9ance8 ,:at does x po9t to8 ,to a c]ta9 great] urg5cy ( say+ nay or yea def9itely 9 ?is doma94 ,all sorts ( imp]atives h be5 us$ 9 ord] to make moral values appe> z if !y 7 = ev] fix$3--!y h be5 enjo9$ = ! longe/ p]iod ( "t3 !y almo/ appe> to be in/9ctive1 l inn] comm&s4 ,!y are ! expression ( society's pres]vative measures1 = !y are felt to be almo/ beyond "q4 ,! practice--t is to say1 ! utility ( be+ agre$ conc]n+ sup]ior values1 has atta9$ 9 ?is respect to a sort ( sanction4 ,we obs]ve t e c>e is tak5 to p>alyse reflection & criticism 9 ?is dep>tm5t--look at ,kant's attitude6 n to speak ( ^? :o believe t x is immoral ev5 to prosecute rese>* 9 ^! matt]s4 #bgb4 ,my desire is to %[ ! absolute homog5eity ( all ph5om5a1 & to ascribe to moral diff]5tiations b ! value ( p]spective2 to %[ t all t :i* is prais$ z moral is ess5tially ! same z t :i* is immoral1 & 0 only made possible1 accord+ to ! law ( all moral developm5t--t is to say1 by means ( immoral artifices & ) a view to immoral ends--j z all t :i* has be5 decri$ z immoral is1 f ! /&po9t ( economics1 bo? sup]ior & ess5tial2 & h[ developm5t lead+ to a great] abundance ( life necess>ily ,involves progress 9 ! realm ( immorality4 ,tru?1 t is ! ext5t to :i* we all[ ourselves to compreh5d ?is fact4 #bgc4 ,b d n let u fe>3 z a matt] ( fact1 we require a great deal ( morality1 9 ord] to be immoral 9 ?is subtle way2 let me speak 9 a p>able3-- ,a physiologi/ int]e/$ 9 a c]ta9 illness1 & an invalid :o wi%es to be cur$ ( t same illness1 h n ! same int]e/s4 ,let u suppose t ! illness happ5s to be morality1--= morality is an illness1--& t we ,europeans are ! invalid3 :at an am\nt ( subtle torm5t & difficulty w\ld arise suppos+ we ,europeans 71 at once1 our own inquisitive spectators & ! physiologi/ above-m5tion$6 ,%\ld we "u ^! circum/ances e>ne/ly desire to rid ourselves ( morality8 ,%\ld we want to8 ,?is is ( c\rse irrespective ( ! "q :e!r we %\ld be able to d s--:e!r we c be cur$ at all8 #b4 ,,! ,,h]d4 #bgd4 ,^: w to p[] is morality8--,! common factor ( all ,european hi/ory s9ce ! "t ( ,socrates is ! attempt to make ! moral values dom9ate all o!r values1 9 ord] t !y %\ld n be only ! lead] & judge ( life1 b also3 7#a7 k1 7#b7 ,art1 7#c7 political & social aspirations4 ,amelioration reg>d$ z ! only duty1 ev]y?+ else us$ z a means !reto 7or z a =ce di/ribut+1 h9d]+1 & endang]+ its realisation1 & !re=e to be oppos$ & annihilat$ 44474--,a simil> movem5t to be obs]v$ 9 ,*9a & ,india4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is w to p[] on ! "p ( moral values1 :i* has play$ su* a "p 9 ! _w's prodigi\s evolutions8 ,answ]3--,?ree p[]s lie conceal$ beh9d x2 7#a7 ,! in/9ct ( ! h]d oppos$ to ! /rong & ! indep5d5t2 7#b7 ! in/9ct ( all suff]]s & all abortions oppos$ to ! happy & well-con/itut$2 7#c7 ! in/9ct ( ! m$iocre oppos$ to ! exceptions4--,enorm\s advantage ( ?is movem5t1 despite ! cruelty1 fals5ess1 & n>r[-m9d$ness :i* has help$ x along 7= ! hi/ory ( ! /ruggle ( morality ) ! fundam5tal in/9cts ( life is 9 itself ! greate/ piece ( immorality t has ev] yet be5 witness$ on e>? 44474 #bge4 ,! fewe/ succe$ 9 discov]+ a problem beh9d all t :i* con/itutes our daily life1 & to :i* we h become accu/om$ ?r\gh\t ! ages--our eye does n seem focuss$ = su* ?+s3 at lea/1 ?is seems to me to be ! case 9 s f> z our morality is conc]n$4 ,e man %\ld be ! preoccupation ( 8 fell[s2 he :o ?9ks 9 ?is way des]ves hon\r3 no "o ought to ?9k ( himself4 ,?\ %alt3 an impulse :i*1 l ! sexual impulse1 _c fa?om itself1 is set ap>t & is n condemn$ z all ! o!r in/9cts are--on ! contr>y1 x is made to be _! /&>d & _! judge6 ,! problem ( equality1 9 ! face ( ! fact t we all ?ir/ = di/9ction3 "h1 on ! contr>y1 we %\ld dem& ( ourselves :at we dem& ( o!rs4 ,t is s ta/eless & obvi\sly insane2 b--x is felt to be holy & ( a high] ord]4 ,! fact t x is oppos$ to common s5se is n ev5 notic$4 ,self-sacrifice & self-abnegation are consid]$ di/+ui%+1 z are also ! attempt to obey morality implicitly1 & ! belief t "o %\ld be e "o's equal 9 its pres5ce4 ,! neglect & ! surr5d] ( ,life & ( well-be+ is held to be di/+ui%$1 z are also ! complete r5unciation ( individual valuations & ! sev]e exaction f e "o ( ! same sacrifice4 ,! value ( an action is once & = all fix$3 e individual mu/ submit to ?is valuation4 ,we see3 an au?ority speaks--:o speaks8--,we mu/ condone x 9 human pride1 if man tri$ to make ?is au?ority z high z possible1 = he want$ to feel z humble z he possibly c\ld by ! side ( x4 ,?us--,god speaks6 ,god 0 necess>y z an unconditional sanction :i* has no sup]ior1 z a ,categorical ,imp]ator3 or1 9 s f> z p believ$ 9 ! au?ority ( reason1 :at 0 ne$$ 0 a unit>ian metaphysics by means ( :i* ?is view c\ld be made logical4 ,n[1 admitt+ t fai? 9 ,god is dead3 ! "q arises once m3 :o speaks8 ,my answ]1 :i* ,i take f biology & n f metaphysics1 is3 ! greg>i\s in/9ct speaks4 ,?is is :at desires to be ma/]3 h5ce its ?\ %alt6--x w all[ ! individual to exi/ only z a "p ( a :ole1 only 9 fav\r ( ! :ole1 x hates ^? :o deta* !mselves f ev]y?+--x turns ! hatr$ ( all individuals aga9/ him4 #bgf4 ,! :ole ( ! morality ( ,europe is bas$ ^u ! values :i* are useful to ! h]d3 ! sorr[ ( all high] & exceptional m5 is expla9$ by ! fact t ev]y?+ :i* di/+ui%es !m f o!rs rea*es _! consci\sness 9 ! =m ( a feel+ ( _! own smallness & egregi\sness4 ,x is ! virtues ( mod]n m5 :i* are ! causes ( pessimi/ic gloom9ess2 ! m$iocre1 l ! h]d1 are n tr\bl$ mu* ) que/ions or ) consci5ce--!y are *e]ful4 7,among ! gloomy /rong m51 ,pascal & ,s*op5hau] are not$ examples47 ,! m dang]\s a quality seems to ! h]d1 ! m completely x is condemn$4 #bgg4 ,! morality ( tru?fulness 9 ! h]d4 ,?\ %alt be recognisable1 ?\ %alt express ?y inn] nature by means ( cle> & con/ant signs--o!rwise ?\ art dang]\s3 & suppos+ ?\ art evil1 ?y p[] ( dissimulation is absolutely ! wor/ ?+ = ! h]d4 ,we despise ! secretive & ^? :om we _c id5tify4--,consequ5tly ?\ mu/ reg>d ?yself z recognisable1 ?\ maye/ n rema9 conceal$ f ?yself1 ?\ maye/ n ev5 believe 9 ! possibility ( ?y ev] *ang+4 ,?us1 ! insi/5ce ^u tru?fulness has z its ma9 object ! recognisability & ! /ability ( ! individual4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is ! object ( education to make ea* greg>i\s unit believe 9 a c]ta9 def9ite dogma conc]n+ ! nature ( man3 education fir/ creates ?is dogma & !reupon exacts tru?fulness4 #bgh4 ,)9 ! conf9es ( a h]d or ( a community--t is to say1 int] p>es1 ! ov]-e/imation ( tru?fulness is v reasonable4 ,a man mu/ n all[ himself to be deceiv$--& consequ5tly he adopts z 8 own p]sonal morality t he %\ld deceive no "o6--a sort ( mutual obligation among equals6 ,9 8 deal+s ) ! outside _w caution & dang] dem& t he %\ld be on 8 gu>d aga9/ deception3 ! fir/ psy*ological condition ( ?is attitude w\ld mean t he is also on 8 gu>d aga9/ 8 own p4 ,mi/ru/ ?us appe>s z ! s\rce ( tru?fulness4 #bgi4 ,a criticism ( ! virtues ( ! h]d4--,in]tia is active3 7#a7 ,9 confid5ce1 because mi/ru/ makes susp5se1 reflection1 & obs]vation necess>y4 7#b7 ,9 v5]ation1 :]e ! gulf t sep>ates p[] is great & submission necess>y3 !n1 s t fe> may cease to exi/1 ev]ybody tries to love & e/eem1 :ile ! diff]5ce 9 p[] is int]pret$ z a diff]5ce ( value3 & ?us ! relation%ip to ! p[]ful no long] has any?+ revolt+ 9 x4 7#c7 ,9 ! s5se ( tru?4 ,:at is tru?8 ,tru? is t explanation ( ?+s :i* causes u ! smalle/ am\nt ( m5tal ex]tion 7ap>t f ?is1 ly+ is extremely fatigu+74 7#d7 ,9 sympa?y4 ,x is a relief to "k "o's self on ! same level ) all1 to feel z all feel1 & to accept a belief :i* is already curr5t2 x is some?+ passive beside ! activity :i* appropriates & cont9ually c>ries into practice ! mo/ individual rights ( valuation 7! latt] process all[s ( no repose74 7#e7 ,9 imp>tiality & coolness ( judgm5t3 p sc\t ! /ra9 ( be+ mov$1 & pref] to be deta*$ & objective4 7#f7 ,9 uprightness3 p pref] to obey a law :i* is to h& r ?an to create a new "o1 r ?an to comm& !mselves & o!rs3 ! fe> ( comm&+--x is bett] to submit ?an to rebel4 7#g7 ,9 tol]ation3 ! fe> ( ex]cis+ a "r or ( en=c+ a judgm5t4 #bhj4 ,! in/9ct ( ! h]d values ! ju/e milieu & ! av]age z ! highe/ & mo/ preci\s ( all ?+s3 ! spot :]e ! majority is to be f\nd1 & ! air t x brea!s !re4 ,9 ?is way x is ! oppon5t ( all ord] ( rank2 x reg>ds a climb f ! level to ! heights 9 ! same light z a desc5t f ! majority to ! m9ority4 ,! h]d reg>ds ! exception1 :e!r x be above or b5ea? its g5]al level1 z some?+ :i* is antagoni/ic & dang]\s to itself4 ,_! trick 9 deal+ ) ! exceptions above !m1 ! /rong1 ! mighty1 ! wise1 & ! fruitful1 is to p]suade !m to become gu>dians1 h]dsm51 & wat*m5--9 fact1 to become _! head-s]vants3 ?us !y conv]t a dang] into a ?+ :i* is useful4 ,9 ! middle1 fe> ceases3 "h a man is alone ) no?+2 "h !re is n mu* room ev5 = misund]/&+s2 "h !re is equality2 "h a man's individual exi/5ce is n felt z a reproa*1 b z ! "r exi/5ce2 "h cont5tm5t reigns supreme4 ,mi/ru/ is active only t[>ds ! exceptions2 to be an exception is to be a s9n]4 #bha4 ,if1 9 compliance ) our communal in/9cts1 we make c]ta9 regulations =1 ourselves & =bid c]ta9 acts1 we d n ( c\rse1 9 common reason1 =bid a c]ta9 k9d ( exi/5ce1 nor a c]ta9 attitude ( m9d1 b only a p>ticul> application & developm5t ( ?is exi/5ce & attitude ( m9d4 ,b !n ! ideali/ ( virtue1 ! morali/1 comes along & says3 ,god sees into ! human he>t6 ,:at matt]s x t ye ab/a9 f c]ta9 acts3 ye are n any bett] on t acc\nt6 ,answ]3 ,mr4 ,longe>s & ,virtue-,mong]1 we d n want to be bett] at all1 we are q satisfi$ ) ourselves1 all we desire is t we %\ld n h>m "o ano!r--& t is :y we =bid c]ta9 actions :5 !y take a p>ticul> direction--t is to say1 :5 !y are aga9/ our own int]e/s3 b t does n alt] ! fact t :5 ^! same actions are direct$ aga9/ ! enemies ( our community--aga9/ y1 = in/ance--we are at a loss to "k h[ to pay !m suffici5t hon\r4 ,we educate our *ildr5 up to !m2 we develop !m to ! fulle/ ext5t4 ,did we %>e t god-fe>+ radicalism :i* y\r holy craz9ess recomm5ds1 if we 7 gre5-horns en\gh to condemn ! s\rce ( ^? =bidd5 acts by condemn+ ! he>t & ! attitude ( m9d :i* recomm5ds !m1 t w\ld mean condemn+ our v exi/5ce1 & ) x its greate/ pr]equisite--an attitude ( m9d1 a he>t1 a passion :i* we rev]e ) all our s\l4 ,by our decrees we prev5t ?is attitude ( m9d f break+ out & v5t+ itself 9 a useless way--we are prud5t :5 we prescribe su* laws = ourselves2 we are also moral 9 s do+4444 ,h y no idea--h[ev] vague--:at sacrifices x has co/ u1 h[ mu* self-control1 self-subjection1 & h>dness x has compell$ u to ex]cise8 ,we are vehem5t 9 our desires2 !re are times :5 we ev5 feel z if we c\ld dev\r ea* o!r4444 ,b ! communal _s is ma/] ( u3 h y obs]v$ t ?is is almo/ a def9ition ( morality8 #bhb4 ,! weakness ( ! greg>i\s animal gives rise to a morality :i* is precisely simil> to t result+ f ! weakness ( ! decad5t man3 !y und]/& ea* o!r2 !y associate ) ea* o!r 7! great decad5t religions always rely ^u ! support ( ! h]d74 ,! greg>i\s animal1 z su*1 is free f all morbid *>act]i/ics1 x is 9 itself an invaluable creature2 b x is incapable ( tak+ any initiative2 x mu/ h a lead]--! prie/s und]/& ?is4444 ,! /ate is n subtle1 n secret en\gh2 ! art ( direct+ consci5ces slips its grasp4 ,h[ is ! greg>i\s animal infect$ ) illness by ! prie/8 #bhc4 ,! hatr$ direct$ aga9/ ! privileg$ 9 body & _s3 ! revolt ( ! ugly & bungl$ s\ls aga9/ ! beautiful1 ! pr\d1 & ! *e]ful4 ,! weapons us$3 contempt ( beauty1 ( pride1 ( happ9ess3 ,!re is no su* ?+ z m]it1 ,! dang] is enorm\s3 x is "r t "o %\ld tremble & feel ill at ease1 ,naturalness is evil2 x is "r to oppose all t is natural--ev5 'reason' 7all t is ant9atural is elevat$ to ! highe/ place74 ,x is aga9 ! prie/s :o exploit ?is condition1 & :o w9 ! p ov] to !mselves4 ,! s9n] ov] :om !re is m joy 9 heav5 ?an ov] ! j p]son4 ,?is is ! /ruggle aga9/ paganism 7! pang ( consci5ce1 a measure = di/urb+ ! h>mony ( ! s\l74 ,! hatr$ ( ! m$iocre = ! exceptions1 & ( ! h]d = its indep5d5t memb]s4 7,cu/om actually reg>d$ z morality47 ,! revulsion ( feel+ aga9/ egotism3 t only is wor? any?+ :i* is done = ano!r4 ,we are all equal2--aga9/ ! love ( dom9ion1 aga9/ dom9ion 9 g5]al2--aga9/ privilege2--aga9/ sect>ians1 free-spirits1 & sceptics2--aga9/ philosophy 7a =ce oppos+ me*anical & automatic in/9cts72 9 philosoph]s !mselves--! categorical imp]ative1 ! ess5tial nature ( morality1 g5]al & univ]sal4 #bhd4 ,! qualities & t5d5cies :i* are prais$3 peacefulness1 equity1 mod]ation1 mode/y1 rev]5ce1 respectfulness1 brav]y1 *a/ity1 hone/y1 fidelity1 cr$ulity1 rectitude1 confid5ce1 resignation1 pity1 helpfulness1 consci5ti\sness1 simplicity1 mildness1 ju/ice1 g5]osity1 l5i5cy1 ob$i5ce1 dis9t]e/$ness1 fre$om f envy1 good nature1 indu/ry4 ,we mu/ asc]ta9 to :at ext5t su* qualities are condition$ z means to ! atta9m5t ( c]ta9 desires & ends 7(t5 an evil end72 or z results ( dom9at+ passions 7= in/ance1 intellectuality73 or z ! expressions ( c]ta9 /ates ( ne$--t is to say1 z pres]vative measures 7z 9 ! case ( citiz5s1 slaves1 wom51 etc474 ,9 %ort1 e "o ( !m is n consid]$ good = its own sake1 b r because x approximates to a /&>d prescrib$ ei!r by society or by ! h]d1 z a means to ! ends ( ! latt]1 z necess>y = _! pres]vation & enhancem5t1 & also z ! result ( an actual greg>i\s in/9ct 9 ! individual2 ^! qualities are ?us 9 ! s]vice ( an in/9ct :i* is fundam5tally diff]5t f ^! /ates ( virtue4 ,= ! h]d is antagoni/ic1 selfi%1 & pitiless to ! outside _w2 x is full ( a love ( dom9ion & ( feel+s ( mi/ru/1 etc4 ,9 ! h]dsman ?is antagonism comes to ! =e he mu/ h qualities :i* are ! rev]se ( ^? possess$ by ! h]d4 ,! mortal enmity ( ! h]d t[>ds all ord] ( rank3 its in/9ct is 9 fav\r ( ! levell] 7,*ri/74 ,t[>ds all /rong individuals 7! sov]eigns7 x is ho/ile1 unfair1 intemp]ate1 arrogant1 *eeky1 disrespectful1 c[>dly1 false1 ly+1 pitiless1 deceitful1 envi\s1 rev5geful4 #bhe4 ,my tea*+ is ?is1 t ! h]d seeks to ma9ta9 & pres]ve "o type ( man1 & t x def5ds itself on two sides--t is to say1 aga9/ ^? :i* are decad5ts f its ranks 7crim9als1 etc471 & aga9/ ^? :o rise sup]ior to its dead level4 ,! in/9cts ( ! h]d t5d to a /ation>y /ate ( society2 !y m]ely pres]ve4 ,!y h no creative p[]4 ,! pleasant feel+s ( goodness & b5evol5ce ) :i* ! j man fills u 7z oppos$ to ! susp5se & ! fe> to :i* ! great innovat+ man gives rise7 are our own s5sations ( p]sonal security & equality3 9 ?is way ! greg>i\s animal glorifies ! greg>i\s nature1 & !n beg9s to feel at ease4 ,?is judgm5t on ! "p ( ! com=table ones rigs itself out 9 ! mo/ beautiful words--& ?us morality is born4 ,let any "o obs]ve1 h[ev]1 ! hatr$ ( ! h]d = all tru?ful m54 #bhf4 ,let u n deceive ourselves6 ,:5 a man he>s ! :isp] ( ! moral imp]ative 9 8 brea/1 z altruism w\ld h him he> x1 he %[s !reby t he belongs to ! h]d4 ,:5 a man is consci\s ( ! opposite feel+s1--t is to say1 :5 he sees 8 dang] & 8 undo+ 9 dis9t]e/$ & unselfi% actions1--!n he does n belong to ! h]d4 #bhg4 ,my philosophy aims at a new ord] ( rank3 n at an individuali/ic morality4#e ,! _s ( ! h]d %\ld rule )9 ! h]d--b n beyond x3 ! lead]s ( ! h]d require a fundam5tally diff]5t valuation = _! actions1 z d also ! indep5d5t ones or ! bea/s ( prey1 etc4 ,footnote #e3 ,,translator',s ,,note--,"h is a broad di/9ction betwe5 ,nietzs*e & ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 #c4 ,,g5]al ,,obs]vations ,,conc]n+ ,,morality4 #bhh4 ,morality reg>d$ z an attempt at e/abli%+ human pride4--,! ,free-,w !ory is anti-religi\s4 ,its ultimate object is to be/[ ! "r ^u man to reg>d himself z ! cause ( 8 highe/ /ates & actions3 x is a =m ( ! gr[+ feel+ ( pride4 ,man feels 8 p[] 8 happ9ess2 z !y say3 !re mu/ be a w beh9d ^! /ates--o!rwise !y d n belong to him4 ,virtue is an attempt at po/ulat+ a modicum ( w1 pa/ or pres5t1 z ! necess>y antec$5t to e exalt$ & /rong feel+ ( happ9ess3 if ! w to c]ta9 actions is regul>ly pres5t 9 consci\sness1 a s5sation ( p[] may be int]pret$ z its result4 ,?is is a m]ely psy*ological po9t ( view1 bas$ ^u ! false assumption t no?+ belongs to u :i* we h n consci\sly will$4 ,! :ole ( ! tea*+ ( responsibility relies ^u ! +5u\s psy*ological rule t ! w is ! only cause1 & t "o mu/ h be5 aw>e ( hav+ will$ 9 ord] to be able to reg>d "o's self z a cause4 ,!n comes ! c\nt]-movem5t--t ( ! moral-philosoph]s4 ,^! m5 /ill lab\r "u ! delusion t a man is responsible only = :at he has will$4 ,! value ( man is !n made a moral value3 ?us morality becomes a causa prima2 = ?is !re mu/ be "s k9d ( pr9ciple 9 man1 & free w is posit$ z prima causa4 ,! arrire p5se is always ?is3 ,if man is n a causa prima ?r\gh 8 w1 he mu/ be irresponsible1--!re=e he does n come )9 ! jurisdiction ( morals1--virtue or vice is automatic & me*anical4444 ,9 %ort3 9 ord] t man may respect himself he mu/ be capable ( becom+ evil4 #bhi4 ,!atricalness reg>d$ z ! result ( ,free ,w morality4 ,x is a /ep 9 ! developm5t ( ! feel+ ( p[] itself to believe "o's self to be ! au?or ( "o's exalt$ mom5ts 7( "o's p]fection7 & to h will$ !m4444 7,criticism3 all p]fect action is precisely unconsci\s & n delib]ate2 consci\sness is (t5 ! expression ( an imp]fect & (t5 morbid con/itution4 ,p]sonal p]fection reg>d$ z det]m9$ by w1 z an act ( consci\sness1 z reason ) dialectics1 is a c>icature1 a sort ( self-contradiction4444 ,any degree ( consci\sness r5d]s p]fection impossible4 444 ,a =m ( !atricalness47 #bij4 ,! moral hypo!sis1 design$ ) a view to ju/ify+ ,god1 said3 evil mu/ be volunt>y 7simply 9 ord] t ! volunt>9ess ( goodness might be believ$ 972 & aga91 all evil & suff]+ h an object :i* is salvation4 ,! notion guilt 0 consid]$ z some?+ :i* _h no connection at all ) ! ultimate cause ( exi/5ce1 & ! notion puni%m5t 0 held to be an educat+ & b5efic5t act1 consequ5tly an act proce$+ f a good ,god4 ,! absolute dom9ion ( moral valuations ov] all o!rs3 nobody d\bt$ t ,god c\ld n be evil & c\ld d no h>m--t is to say1 p]fection 0 und]/ood m]ely z moral p]fection4 #bia4 ,h[ false is ! supposition t an action mu/ dep5d ^u :at has prec$$ x 9 consci\sness6 ,& morality has be5 measur$ 9 ! light ( ?is supposition1 z also crim9ality4444 ,! value ( an action mu/ be judg$ by its results1 say ! utilit>ians3 to measure x accord+ to its orig9 involves ! impossibility ( kn[+ t orig94 ,b d we "k its results8 ,five /ages ahead1 p]haps4 ,:o c tell :at an action provokes & sets 9 motion8 ,z a /imulus8 ,z ! sp>k :i* fires a p[d]-magaz9e8 ,utilit>ians are simpletons4444 ,& f9ally1 !y w\ld fir/ ( all h to "k :at is useful2 "h also _! sight c travel only ov] five /ages or s4444 ,!y h no notion ( ! great economy :i* _c disp5se ) evil4 ,we d n "k ! orig9 or ! results3 has an action1 !n1 any value8 ,we h yet ! action itself to consid]3 ! /ates ( consci\sness t accompany x1 ! yea or nay :i* foll[s ^u its p]=mance3 does ! value ( an action lie 9 ! subjective /ates :i* accompany x8 7,9 t case1 ! value ( music w\ld be measur$ accord+ to ! pleasure or displeasure :i* x occasions 9 u 444 :i* x gives to ! compos]4 4447 ,obvi\sly feel+s ( value mu/ accompany x1 a s5sation ( p[]1 re/ra9t1 or impot5ce--= in/ance1 fre$om or lightsom5ess4 ,or1 putt+ ! "q diff]5tly3 c\ld ! value ( an action be r$uc$ to physiological t]ms8 c\ld x be ! expression ( completely free or con/ra9$ life8--,maybe its biological value is express$ 9 ?is way4444 ,if1 !n1 an action c be judg$ nei!r 9 ! light ( its orig91 nor its results1 nor its accompanim5ts 9 consci\sness1 !n its value mu/ be x unkn[n4444 #bib4 ,x am\nts to a d5aturalisation ( morality1 to sep>ate an action f a man2 to direct hatr$ or contempt aga9/ s92 to believe t !re are actions :i* are good or bad 9 !mselves4 ,! re-e/abli%m5t ( ,nature3 an action 9 itself is q devoid ( value2 ! :ole "q is ?is3 :o p]=m$ x8 ,"o & ! same crime may1 9 "o case1 be ! greate/ privilege1 9 ! o!r infamy4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is ! selfi%ness ( ! judges :i* int]prets an action 79 reg>d to its au?or7 accord+ z to :e!r x 0 useful or h>mful to !mselves 7or 9 relation to its degree ( lik5ess or unlik5ess to !m74 #bic4 ,! concept repreh5sible action pres5ts u ) "s difficulties4 ,no?+ 9 all t happ5s c be repreh5sible 9 itself3 "o w\ld n d>e to elim9ate x completely2 = ev]y?+ is s b\nd up ) ev]y?+ else1 t to exclude "o "p w\ld mean to exclude ! :ole4 ,a repreh5sible action1 !re=e1 w\ld mean a repreh5sible _w z a :ole4444 ,& ev5 !n1 9 a repreh5sible _w ev5 repreh5d+ w\ld be repreh5sible4444 ,& ! consequ5ce ( an attitude ( m9d t condemns ev]y?+1 w\ld be ! affirmation ( ev]y?+ 9 practice4444 ,if ,becom+ is a huge r+1 ev]y?+ t =ms a "p ( x is ( equal value1 is et]nal & necess>y4--,9 all correlations ( yea & nay1 ( pref]5ce & rejection1 love & hate1 all t is express$ is a c]ta9 po9t ( view1 peculi> to ! int]e/s ( a c]ta9 type ( liv+ organism3 ev]y?+ t lives says yea by ! v fact ( its exi/5ce4 #bid4 ,criticism ( ! subjective feel+s ( value4--,consci5ce4 ,=m]ly p argu$3 consci5ce condemns ?is action1 !re=e ?is action is repreh5sible4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 consci5ce condemns an action because t action has be5 condemn$ = a long p]iod ( "t3 all consci5ce does is to imitate4 ,x does n create values4 ,t :i* fir/ l$ to ! condemnation ( c]ta9 actions1 0 n consci5ce3 b ! k ( 7or ! prejudice aga9/7 its consequ5ces4444 ,! approbation ( consci5ce1 ! feel+ ( well-be+1 ( inn] peace1 is ( ! same ord] ( emotions z ! arti/'s joy ov] 8 "w--x proves no?+4444 ,self-cont5tm5t proves no m 9 fav\r ( t :i* gives rise to x1 ?an its abs5ce c prove any?+ aga9/ ! value ( ! ?+ :i* fails to give rise to x4 ,we are f> too ignorant to be able to judge ( ! value ( our actions3 9 ?is respect we lack ! ability to reg>d ?+s objectively4 ,ev5 :5 we condemn an action1 we d n d s z judges1 b z adv]s>ies4444 ,:5 noble s5tim5ts accompany an action1 !y prove no?+ 9 its fav\r3 an arti/ may pres5t u ) an absolutely insignificant ?+1 ?\gh he be 9 ! ?roes ( ! mo/ exalt$ pa?os dur+ its production4 ,x 7 wis] to reg>d ^! s5tim5ts z mislead+3 !y actually beguile our eye & our p[]1 away f criticism1 f caution & f suspicion1 & ! result (t5 is t we make fools ( ourselves 444 !y actually make fools ( u4 #bie4 ,we are heirs to ! consci5ce-vivisection & self-crucifixion ( two ?\s& ye>s3 9 ^! two practices lie p]haps our longe/ ef=ts at becom+ p]fect1 our ma/]y1 & c]ta9ly our subtlety2 we h affiliat$ natural prop5sities ) a heavy consci5ce4 ,an attempt to produce an entirely opposite /ate ( affairs w\ld be possible3 t is to say1 to affiliate all desires ( a beyond1 all sympa?y ) ?+s :i* are oppos$ to ! s5ses1 ! intellect1 & nature--9 fact1 all ! ideals t h exi/$ hi!rto 7:i* 7 all anti-worldly71 ) a heavy consci5ce4 #bif4 ,! great crimes 9 psy*ology3-- 7#a7 ,t all pa9 & unhapp9ess %\ld h be5 falsifi$ by be+ associat$ ) :at is wrong 7guilt74 7,?us pa9 0 robb$ ( its innoc5ce47 7#b7 ,t all /rong emotions 7wantonness1 voluptu\sness1 triumph1 pride1 audacity1 k1 assurance1 & happ9ess 9 itself7 7 br&$ z s9ful1 z s$uctive1 & z suspici\s4 7#c7 ,t feel+s ( weakness1 inn] acts ( c[>dice1 lack ( p]sonal c\rage1 %\ld h deck$ !mselves 9 ! mo/ beautiful words1 & h be5 taught z desirable 9 ! highe/ degree4 7#d7 ,t greatness 9 man %\ld h be5 giv5 ! mean+ ( dis9t]e/$ness1 self-sacrifice = ano!r's good1 = o!r p2 t ev5 9 ! sci5ti/ & ! arti/1 ! elim9ation ( ! individual p]sonality is pres5t$ z ! cause ( ! greate/ k & ability4 7#e7 ,t love %\ld h be5 twi/$ r\nd to mean submission 7& altruism71 :]eas x is 9 reality an act ( appropriation or ( be/[al1 result+ 9 ! la/ case f a sup]abundance 9 ! weal? ( a giv5 p]sonality4 ,only ! :ole/ p c love2 ! dis9t]e/$ ones1 ! objective ones1 are ! wor/ lov]s 7j ask ! girls674 ,?is pr9ciple also applies to ! love ( ,god or ( ! home c\ntry3 a man mu/ be able to rely absolutely ^u himself4 7,egotism may be reg>d$ z ! pre-em95ce ( ! ego1 altruism z ! pre-em95ce ( o!rs47 7#f7 ,life reg>d$ z a puni%m5t 7happ9ess z a means ( s$uction72 ! passions reg>d$ z devili%2 confid5ce 9 "o's self z godless4 ,! :ole ( psy*ology is a psy*ology ( ob/acles1 a sort ( b>ricade built out ( fe>2 on ! "o h& we f9d ! masses 7! bot*$ & bungl$1 ! m$iocre7 def5d+ !mselves1 by means ( x1 aga9/ ! /rong 7& f9ally de/roy+ !m 9 _! gr[? 44472 on ! o!r h&1 we f9d all ! in/9cts ) :i* ^! classes are be/ able to prosp]1 sanctifi$ & alone held 9 hon\r by !m4 ,let anyone exam9e ! ,jewi% prie/hood4 #big4 ,! ve/iges ( ! depreciation ( ,nature ?r\gh moral transc5d5ce3 ,! value ( dis9t]e/$ness1 ! cult ( altruism2 ! belief 9 a rew>d 9 ! play ( natural consequ5ces2 ! belief 9 goodness & 9 g5ius itself1 z if ! "o1 l ! o!r1 7 ! result ( dis9t]e/$ness2 ! cont9uation ( ! ,*ur*'s sanction ( ! life ( ! citiz52 ! absolutely delib]ate misund]/&+ ( hi/ory 7z a means ( educat+ up to morality7 or pessimism 9 ! attitude tak5 up t[>ds hi/ory 7! latt] is j z mu* a result ( ! depreciation ( ,nature1 z is t pseudo-ju/ification ( hi/ory1 t refusal to see hi/ory z ! pessimi/ sees x74 #bih4 ,morality = its own sake--?is is an important /ep 9 ! d5aturalisation ( morals3 9 itself x appe>s z a f9al value4 ,9 ?is phase religion has g5]ally become saturat$ ) x3 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! case ( ,judaism4 ,x likewise goes ?r\gh a phase 9 :i* x sep>ates itself f religion1 & 9 :i* no ,god is moral en\gh = x3 x !n pref]s ! imp]sonal ideal4444 ,?is is h[ ! case /&s at pres5t4 ,art = ,art's sake3 ?is is a simil>ly dang]\s pr9ciple3 by ?is means a false contra/ is l5t to ?+s--x culm9ates 9 ! sl&] ( reality 7idealis+ into ! hateful74 ,:5 an ideal is sev]$ f reality1 ! latt] is debas$1 impov]i%$1 & calumniat$4 ,beauty = ,beauty's sake1 ,tru? = ,tru?'s sake1 ,goodness = ,goodness' sake--^! are ?ree =ms ( ! evil eye = reality4 ,art1 k1 & morality are means3 in/ead ( recognis+ a life-promot+ t5d5cy 9 !m1 !y h be5 associat$ ) ! opposite ( ,life--) ,god--!y h also be5 reg>d$ z revelations ( a high] _w1 :i* "h & !re transpires ?r\gh !m4444 ,beautiful & ugly1 true & false1 good & evil--^! ?+s are di/9ctions & antagonisms :i* betray ! pres]vative & promotive measures ( ,life1 n necess>ily ( man alone1 b ( all /able & endur+ organisms :i* take up a def9ite /& aga9/ _! oppon5ts4 ,! w> :i* ?us ensues is ! ess5tial factor3 x is a means ( sep>at+ ?+s1 lead+ to /rong] isolation4444 #bii4 ,moral naturalism3 ,! trac+ back ( app>5tly indep5d5t & sup]natural values to _! real nature--t is to say1 to natural immorality1 to natural utility1 etc4 ,p]haps ,i may designate ! t5d5cy ( ^! obs]vations by ! t]m moral naturalism3 my object is to re-translate ! moral values :i* h app>5tly become indep5d5t & unnatural into _! real nature--t is to say1 into _! natural immorality4 ,n4,b4--,ref] to ,jewi% hol9ess & its natural basis4 ,! case is ! same 9 reg>d to ! moral law :i* has be5 made sov]eign1 emancipat$ f its real feature 7until x is almo/ ! opposite ( ,nature74 ,! /ages 9 ! d5aturalisation ( morality 7or s-call$ ,idealisation73-- ,fir/ x is a road to individual happ9ess1 !n x is ! result ( k1 !n x is a ,categorical ,imp]ative1 !n x is a way to ,salvation1 !n x is a d5ial ( ! w to live4 7,! gradual progress ( ! ho/ility ( morality to ,life47 #cjj4 ,! suppress$ & effac$ ,h]esy 9 morality4--,concepts3 paganism1 ma/]-morality1 virt4 #cja4 ,my problem3 ,:at h>m has mank9d suff]$ hi!rto f morals1 z also f its own morality8 ,intellectual h>m1 etc4 #cjb4 ,:y are n human values once m deposit$ nicely 9 ! rut to :i* !y alone h a "r--z r\t9>y values8 ,_m species ( animals h already become ext9ct2 suppos+ man 7 also to disappe>1 no?+ w\ld be lack+ on e>?4 ,a man %\ld be en\gh ( a philosoph] to admire ev5 ?is no?+ 7,nil admir>i74 #cjc4 ,man1 a small species ( v excitable animals1 :i*--=tunately--has its "t4 ,life 9 g5]al on e>? is a matt] ( a mom5t1 an incid5t1 an exception t has no consequ5ce1 some?+ :i* is ( no importance :atev] to ! g5]al "* ( ! e>?2 ! e>? itself is1 l e />1 a hiatus betwe5 two non5tities1 an ev5t )\t a plan1 )\t reason1 w1 or self-consci\sness--! wor/ k9d ( necessity--fooli% necessity4444 ,some?+ 9 u rebels aga9/ ?is view2 ! s]p5t vanity :isp]s to our he>ts1 ,all ?is mu/ be false because x is revolt+4444 ,c\ld n all ?is be appe>ance8 ,& man 9 spite ( all1 to use ,kant's words---- #d4 ,,h[ ,,virtue ,,is ,,made ,,to ,,dom9ate4 #cjd4 ,conc]n+ ! ideal ( ! morali/4--,9 ?is treatise we wi% to speak ( ! great politics ( virtue4 ,we wrote x = ! use ( all ^? :o are int]e/$1 n s mu* 9 ! process ( becom+ virtu\s z 9 t ( mak+ o!rs virtu\s--9 h[ virtue is made to dom9ate4 ,i ev5 int5d to prove t 9 ord] to desire ?is "o ?+--! dom9ion ( virtue--! o!r mu/ be sy/ematically avoid$2 t is to say1 "o mu/ r5\nce all hopes ( becom+ virtu\s4 ,?is sacrifice is great3 b su* an end is p]haps a suffici5t rew>d = su* a sacrifice4 ,& ev5 great] sacrifices6444 ,& "s ( ! mo/ fam\s morali/s h risk$ z mu*4 ,= ^!1 inde$1 _h already recognis$ & anticipat$ ! tru? :i* is to be reveal$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ?is treatise3 t ! dom9ion ( virtue is absolutely atta9able only by ! use ( ! same means :i* are employ$ 9 ! atta9m5t ( any o!r dom9ion1 9 any case n by means ( virtue itself4444 ,z ,i h already said1 ?is treatise deals ) ! politics ( virtue3 x po/ulates an ideal ( ^! politics2 x describes x z x ought to be1 if any?+ at all c be p]fect on ?is e>?4 ,n[1 no philosoph] c be 9 any d\bt z to :at ! type ( p]fection is 9 politics2 x is1 ( c\rse1 ,ma*iavellianism4 ,b ,ma*iavellianism :i* is pur1 sans mlange1 cru1 v]t1 dans t\te sa =ce1 dans t\te son pret1 is sup]human1 div9e1 transc5d5tal1 & c nev] be a*iev$ by man--! mo/ he c d is to approximate x4 ,ev5 9 ?is n>r[] k9d ( politics--9 ! politics ( virtue--! ideal nev] seems to h be5 realis$4 ,plato1 too1 only bord]$ ^u x4 ,grant$ t "o h eyes = conceal$ ?+s1 "o c discov]1 ev5 9 ! mo/ guileless & mo/ consci\s morali/s 7& ?is is inde$ ! "n ( ^! moral politicians & ( ! f\nd]s ( all new] moral =ces71 traces %[+ t !y too paid _! tribute to human weakness4 ,!y all aspir$ to virtue on _! own acc\nt--at lea/ 9 _! mom5ts ( we>9ess2 & ?is is ! lead+ & mo/ capital error on ! "p ( any morali/--^: duty x is to be an immorali/ 9 de$s4 ,t he mu/ n exactly appe> to be ! latt]1 is ano!r matt]4 ,or r x is n ano!r matt]3 sy/ematic self-d5ial ( ?is k9d 7or1 express$ morally3 dissimulation7 belongs to1 & is "p & p>cel (1 ! morali/'s canon & ( 8 self-impos$ duties3 )\t x he c nev] atta9 to 8 p>ticul> k9d ( p]fection4 ,fre$om f morality & f tru? :5 enjoy$ = t purpose :i* rew>ds e sacrifice3 = ! sake ( mak+ morality dom9ate--t is ! canon4 ,morali/s are 9 ne$ ( ! attitudes ( virtue1 z also ( ! attitudes ( tru?2 _! error beg9s :5 !y yield to virtue1 :5 !y lose control ( virtue1 :5 !y !mselves become moral or true4 ,a great morali/ is1 among o!r ?+s1 necess>ily a great actor2 8 only dang] is t 8 pose may unconsci\sly become a second nature1 j l 8 ideal1 :i* is to keep 8 esse & 8 op]>i ap>t 9 a div9e way2 ev]y?+ he does mu/ be done sub specie boni--a l(ty1 remote1 & exact+ ideal6 ,a div9e ideal6 ,&1 z a matt] ( fact1 !y say t ! morali/ ?us imitates a model :i* is no less ?an ,god ,himself3 ,god1 ! greate/ ,immorali/ 9 de$s t exi/s1 b :o nev]!less und]/&s h[ to rema9 :at ,he is1 ! good ,god4444 #cje4 ,! dom9ion ( virtue is n e/abli%$ by means ( virtue itself2 ) virtue itself1 "o r5\nces p[]1 "o loses ! ,w to ,p[]4 #cjf4 ,! victory ( a moral ideal is a*iev$ by ! same immoral means z any o!r victory3 viol5ce1 lies1 sl&]1 inju/ice4 #cjg4 ,he :o kn[s ! way fame orig9ates w be suspici\s ev5 ( ! fame virtue enjoys4 #cjh4 ,morality is j z immoral z any o!r ?+ on e>?2 morality is 9 itself a =m ( immorality4 ,! great relief :i* ?is conviction br+s4 ,! contradiction betwe5 ?+s disappe>s1 ! unity ( all ph5om5a is sav$---- #cji4 ,!re are "s :o actually g 9 se>* ( :at is immoral4 ,:5 !y say3 ?is is wrong1 !y believe x ought to be done away ) or alt]$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i d n re/ until ,i am q cle> conc]n+ ! immorality ( any p>ticul> ?+ :i* happ5s to come "u my notice4 ,:5 ,i discov] x1 ,i recov] my equanimity4 #caj4 ,a4 ,! ways :i* lead to p[]3 ! pres5tation ( ! new virtue "u ! "n ( an old "o1--! awak5+ ( int]e/ conc]n+ x 7happ9ess decl>$ to be its rew>d1 & vice v]s71--arti/ic sl&]+ ( all t /&s 9 its way1--! exploitation ( advantages & accid5ts ) ! view ( glorify+ x1--! conv]sion ( its adh]5ts into fanatics by means ( sacrifices & sep>ations1--symbolism on a gr& scale4 ,b4 ,p[] atta9$3 7#a7 ,means ( con/ra9t ( virtue2 7#b7 s$uctive means ( virtue2 7#c7 ! 7c\rt7 etiquette ( virtue4 #caa4 ,by :at means does a virtue atta9 to p[]8--,) precisely ! same means z a political p>ty3 sl&]1 suspicion1 ! und]m9+ ( oppos+ virtues t happ5 to be already 9 p[]1 ! *ang+ ( _! names1 sy/ematic p]secution & scorn2 9 %ort1 by means ( acts ( g5]al immorality4 ,h[ does a desire behave t[>ds itself 9 ord] to become a virtue8--,a process ( re*ri/5+2 sy/ematic d5ial ( its int5tions2 practice 9 misund]/&+ itself2 alliance ) e/abli%$ & recognis$ virtues2 o/5tati\s enmity t[>ds its adv]s>ies4 ,if possible1 too1 ! protection ( sacr$ p[]s mu/ be pur*as$2 p mu/ also be intoxicat$ & fir$ ) en?usiasm2 ideali/ic humbug mu/ be us$1 & a p>ty mu/ be won1 :i* ei!r triumphs or p]i%es--"o mu/ be unconsci\s & naf4 #cab4 ,cruelty has become trans=m$ & elevat$ into tragic pity1 s t we no long] recognise x z su*4 ,! same has happ5$ to ! love ( ! sexes :i* has become am\r-passion2 ! slavi% attitude ( m9d appe>s z ,*ri/ian ob$i5ce2 wret*$ness becomes humility2 ! disease ( ! n]vus sympa?icus1 = in/ance1 is eulogis$ z ,pessimism1 ,pascalism1 or ,c>lylism1 etc4 #cac4 ,we %\ld beg9 to ent]ta9 d\bts conc]n+ a man if we he>d t he requir$ reasons 9 ord] to rema9 respectable3 we %\ld1 9 any case1 c]ta9ly avoid 8 society4 ,! little ^w = 9 c]ta9 cases may be compromis+2 sometimes a s+le = is en\gh to refute "o4 ,if we %\ld he>1 9 c\rse ( "t1 t su*-&-su* an aspirant = virtue 0 9 ne$ ( bad reasons 9 ord] to rema9 respectable1 x w\ld n conduce to increas+ our respect = him4 ,b he goes fur!r2 he comes to u1 & tells u q op5ly3 ,y di/urb my morality1 ) y\r disbelief1 ,mr4 ,sceptic2 s long z y _c believe 9 my bad reasons1--t is to say1 9 my ,god1 9 a discipl9>y ,beyond1 9 free w1 etc41--y put ob/acles 9 ! way ( my virtue4444 ,moral1 sceptics mu/ be suppress$3 !y prev5t ! moralisation ( ! masses4 #cad4 ,our mo/ sacr$ convictions1 ^? :i* are p]man5t 9 u conc]n+ ! highe/ values1 are judgm5ts emanat+ f our muscles4 #cae4 ,morality 9 ! valuation ( races & classes4--,9 view ( ! fact t ! passions & fundam5tal in/9cts 9 e race & class express ! means :i* enable ! latt] to pres]ve !mselves 7or at lea/ ! means :i* h enabl$ !m to live = ! longe/ p]iod ( "t71 to call !m virtu\s practically means3 ,t !y *ange _! "*1 %$ _! sk9s1 & blot out _! pa/4 ,x means t !y %\ld cease f diff]5tiat+ !mselves f o!rs4 ,x means t !y are gett+ to resemble ea* o!r 9 _! ne$s & aspirations--or1 m exactly1 t !y are decl9+4444 ,x means t ! w to "o k9d ( morality is m]ely ! tyranny ( ! p>ticul> species1 :i* is adapt$ to t k9d ( morality1 ov] o!r species3 x means a process ( annihilation or g5]al levell+ 9 fav\r ( ! prevail+ species 7:e!r x be to r5d] ! non-prevail+ species h>mless1 or to exploit !m72 ! ,abolition ( ,slav]y--a s-call$ tribute to human dignity2 9 tru?1 ! annihilation ( a fundam5tally diff]5t species 7! und]m9+ ( its values & its happ9ess74 ,! qualities :i* con/itute ! /r5g? ( an oppos+ race or class are decl>$ to be ! mo/ evil & p]nici\s ?+s x has3 = by means ( !m x may be h>mful to u 7its virtues are sl&]$ & re*ri/5$74 ,:5 a man or a p h>m u1 _! action con/itutes an objection aga9/ !m3 b f _! po9t ( view we are desirable1 because we are su* z c be useful to !m4 ,! insi/5ce ^u spread+ human5ess 7:i* guilelessly />ts out ) ! assumption t x is 9 possession ( ! =mula ,:at is human7 is all humbug1 b5ea? ! cov] ( :i* a c]ta9 def9ite type ( man /rives to atta9 to p[]3 or1 m precisely1 a v p>ticul> k9d ( in/9ct--! greg>i\s in/9ct4 ,! equality ( m53 ?is is :at lies conceal$ beh9d ! t5d5cy ( mak+ ev] m & m m5 alike z m54 ,! int]e/$ nature ( ! morality ( ord9>y p4 7,! trick 0 to elevate ! great passions = p[] & prop]ty to ! positions ( protectors ( virtue47 ,to :at ext5t d all k9ds ( bus9ess m5 & money-grabb]s--all ^? :o give & take cr$it--f9d x necess>y to promote ! levell+ ( all *>act]s & notions ( value8 ! comm]ce & ! ex*ange ( ! _w leads to1 & almo/ pur*ases1 virtue4 ,! ,/ate ex]cises ! same influ5ce1 z does also any sort ( rul+ p[] at ! head ( (ficials & soldi]s2 sci5ce acts 9 ! same way1 9 ord] t x may "w 9 security & economise its =ces4 ,& ! prie/hood does ! same4 ,communal morality is ?us promot$ "h1 because x is advantage\s2 &1 9 ord] to make x triumph1 w> & viol5ce are wag$ aga9/ immorality--) :at "r8 ,)\t any "r :atsoev]2 b 9 accordance ) ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation4 ,! same classes avail !mselves ( immorality :5 x s]ves _! purpose to d s4 #caf4 ,obs]ve ! hypocritical col\r :i* all civil in/itutions are pa9t$1 j z if !y 7 ! (f%oots ( morality--= in/ance3 m>riage1 "w1 call+1 patriotism1 ! family1 ord]1 & rights4 ,b z !y 7 all e/abli%$ 9 fav\r ( ! mo/ m$iocre type ( man1 to protect him f exceptions & ! ne$ ( exceptions1 "o mu/ n be surpris$ to f9d !m s[n ) lies4 #cag4 ,virtue mu/ be def5d$ aga9/ its prea*]s3 !y are its wor/ enemies4 ,= !y tea* virtue z an ideal = all2 !y dive/ virtue ( ! *>m :i* consi/s 9 its r>5ess1 its inimitabl5ess1 its exceptional & non-av]age "*--t is to say1 ( its ari/ocratic *>m4 ,a /& mu/ also be made aga9/ ^? embitt]$ ideali/s :o eag]ly tap all pots & are satisfi$ to he> !m r+ holl[3 :at +5u\sness--to dem& great & r>e ?+s1 & !n to decl>e1 ) ang] & contempt ( "o's fell[s1 t !y d n exi/6--,x is obvi\s1 = in/ance1 t a m>riage is wor? only z mu* z ^? are wor? :om x jo9s--t is to say1 t on ! :ole x is some?+ wret*$ & indec5t3 no prie/ or regi/r> c make any?+ else ( x4 ,virtue#f has all ! in/9cts ( ! av]age man aga9/ x3 x is n pr(itable1 x is n prud5t1 & x isolates4 ,x is relat$ to passion1 & n v accessible to reason2 x spoils ! "*1 ! head1 & ! s5ses--always1 ( c\rse1 subject to ! m$ium /&>d ( m52 x provokes ho/ility t[>ds ord]1 & t[>ds ! lies :i* are conceal$ b5ea? all ord]1 all in/itutions1 & all reality--:5 se5 9 ! light ( its p]nici\s influ5ce ^u o!rs1 x is ! wor/ ( vices4 ,i recognise virtue 9 t3 7#a7 x does n insi/ ^u be+ recognis$2 7#b7 x does n presuppose ! exi/5ce ( virtue ev]y:]e1 b precisely some?+ else2 7#c7 x does n suff] f ! abs5ce ( virtue1 b reg>ds x r z a relation ( p]spective :i* ?r[s virtue into relief3 x does n proclaim itself2 7#d7 x makes no propag&a2 7#e7 x all[s no "o to pose z judge because x is always a p]sonal virtue2 7#f7 x does precisely :at is g5]ally =bidd53 virtue z ,i und]/& x is ! actual vetitum )9 all greg>i\s legislation2 7#g7 9 %ort1 ,i recognise virtue 9 t x is 9 ! ,r5aissance /yle--virt--free f all moralic acid4444 ,footnote #f3 ,,translator',s ,,note4--,virtue is us$ "h1 ( c\rse1 9 ! s5se ( ! excell5ce ( man1 n 9 ! s5se ( ! ,*ri/ian negative virtue4 #cah4 ,9 ! fir/ place#g ,messrs4 ,virtue-mong]s1 y h no sup]iority ov] u2 we %\ld l to make y take mode/y a little m to he>t3 x is wret*$ p]sonal int]e/s & prud5ce :i* sugge/ y\r virtue to y4 ,& if y _h m /r5g? & c\rage 9 y\r bodies y w\ld n l[] y\rselves ?us to ! level ( virtu\s non5tities4 ,y make :at y c ( y\rselves3 p>tly :at y are oblig$ to make1--t is to say1 :at y\r circum/ances =ce y to make1--p>tly :at suits y\r pleasure & seems useful to y4 ,b if y d only :at is 9 keep+ ) y\r incl9ations1 or :at necessity exacts f y1 or :at is useful to y1 y ought nei!r to praise y\rselves nor let o!rs praise y6444 ,"o is a ?or\ghly puny k9d ( man :5 "o is only virtu\s3 no?+ %\ld mislead y 9 ?is reg>d6 ,m5 :o h to be consid]$ at all1 7 nev] su* donkeys ( virtue3 _! inmo/ in/9ct1 t :i* det]m9$ _! quantum ( p[]1 did n f9d its reckon+ ?us3 :]eas ) y\r m9imum am\nt ( p[] no?+ c seem m full ( wisdom to y ?an virtue4 ,b ! multitude are on y\r side3 & because y tyrannise ov] u1 we %all fight y4444 ,footnote #g3 ,,translator',s ,,note4--,"h ,nietzs*e returns to ,*ri/ian virtue :i* is negative & moral4 #cai4 ,a virtu\s man is ( a l[] species because1 9 ! fir/ place1 he has no p]sonality1 b acquires 8 value by con=m+ ) a c]ta9 human s*eme :i* has be5 once & = ev] fix$4 ,he has no indep5d5t value3 he may be comp>$2 he has 8 equals1 he mu/ n be an individual4 ,reckon+ up ! qualities ( ! good man1 :y is x !y appe> pleasant to u8 ,because !y urge u nei!r to w>1 to mi/ru/1 to caution1 to ! accumulat+ ( =ces1 nor to sev]ity3 our laz9ess1 our good nature1 & our levity1 h a good "t4 ,?is1 our feel+ ( well-be+1 is :at we project into ! good man 9 ! =m ( a quality1 9 ! =m ( a valuable possession4 #cbj4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances1 virtue is m]ely a v5]able =m ( /upidity3 :o c\ld blame y = x8 ,& ?is =m ( virtue has n be5 outliv$ ev5 to-day4 ,a sort ( hone/ peasant-simplicity1 :i* is possible1 h[ev]1 9 all classes ( society1 & :i* "o _c meet ) any?+ else ?an a respectful smile1 /ill ?9ks to-day t ev]y?+ is 9 good h&s--t is to say1 9 ,god's h&s3 & :5 x supports ?is proposition ) t same mode/ assurance z t ) :i* x w\ld ass]t t two & two are f\r1 we o!rs naturally refra9 f contradiction4 ,:y di/urb ?is pure fool]y8 ,:y d>k5 x ) our c>es conc]n+ man1 p1 goals1 ! future8 ,ev5 if we wi%$ to d s1 we %\ldn't succe$4 ,9 all ?+s ^! p see ! reflection ( _! own v5]able /upidity & goodness 79 !m ! old ,god--deus myops-- /ill lives72 we o!rs see some?+ else 9 ev]y?+3 our problematic nature1 our contradictions1 our deep]1 m pa9ful1 & m suspici\s wisdom4 #cba4 ,he :o f9ds a p>ticul> virtue an easy matt]1 ultimately laughs at x4 ,s]i\sness _c be ma9ta9$ once virtue is atta9$4 ,z soon z a man has rea*$ virtue1 he jumps out ( x--:i!r8 ,into devilry4 ,mean:ile1 h[ intellig5t all our evil t5d5cies & impulses h become6 ,:at an am\nt ( inquisitiv5ess torm5ts !m6 ,!y are all fi%hooks ( k6 #cbb4 ,! idea is to associate vice ) some?+ s t]rible t at la/ "o is oblig$ to run away f x 9 ord] to be rid ( its associations4 ,?is is ! well-kn[n case ( ,tannhus]4 ,tannhus]1 br\ght to 8 wits' end by ,wagn]ian music1 _c endure life any long] ev5 9 ! company ( ,mrs4 ,v5us3 sudd5ly virtue beg9s to h a *>m = him2 a ,?ur+ian virg9 goes up 9 price1 & :at is ev5 worse /ill1 he %[s a lik+ = ,wolfram von ,es*5ba*'s melody4444 #cbc4 ,! ,patrons ( ,virtue4--,lu/ ( prop]ty1 lu/ ( p[]1 laz9ess1 simplicity1 fe>2 all ^! ?+s are int]e/$ 9 virtue2 t is :y x /&s s securely4 #cbd4 ,virtue is no long] believ$ 92 its p[]s ( attraction are dead2 :at is ne$$ is "s "o :o w once m br+ x into ! m>ket 9 ! =m ( an outl&i% k9d ( adv5ture & ( dissipation4 ,x exacts too mu* extravagance & n>r[-m9d$ness f its believ]s to all[ ( consci5ce n be+ aga9/ x to-day4 ,c]ta9ly1 = p1 )\t ei!r consci5ces or scruples1 ?is may con/itute its new *>m3 x is n[ :at x has nev] be5 be=e--a vice4 #cbe4 ,virtue is /ill ! mo/ exp5sive vice3 let x rema9 s6 #cbf4 ,virtues are z dang]\s z vices1 9 s f> z !y are all[$ to rule ov] "o z au?orities & laws com+ f outside1 & n z qualities "o develops "o's self4 ,! latt] is ! only "r way2 !y %\ld be ! mo/ p]sonal means ( def5ce & mo/ individual ne$s--! det]m9+ factors ( precisely our exi/5ce & gr[?1 :i* we recognise & ackn[l$ge indep5d5tly ( ! "q :e!r o!rs gr[ ) u ) ! help ( ! same or ( diff]5t pr9ciples4 ,?is view ( ! dang] ( ! virtue :i* is und]/ood z imp]sonal & objective also holds good ( mode/y3 ?r\gh mode/y _m ( ! *oice/ intellects p]i%4 ,! morality ( mode/y is ! wor/ possible s(t5+ influ5ce = ^? s\ls = :i* x is pre-em95tly necess>y t !y become h>d betimes4 #cbg4 ,! doma9 ( morality mu/ be r$uc$ & limit$ /ep by /ep2 ! names ( ! in/9cts :i* are really active 9 ?is sph]e mu/ be drawn into ! light ( day & hon\r$1 aft] !y h la9 all ?is "t 9 ! concealm5t ( hypocritical names ( virtue4 ,out ( respect = "o's hone/y1 :i* makes itself he>d ev] m & m imp]i\sly1 "o ought to unle>n ! %ame :i* makes "o d5y & expla9 away all natural in/9cts4 ,! ext5t to :i* "o c disp5se ) virtue is ! measure ( "o's /r5g?2 & a height may be imag9$ :]e ! notion virtue is und]/ood 9 su* a way z to be rem9isc5t ( virt--! virtue ( ! ,r5aissance--free f moralic acid4 ,b = ! mom5t--h[ remote ?is ideal seems6 ,! r$uction ( ! doma9 ( morality is a sign ( its progress4 ,:]ev]1 hi!rto1 ?\ght has n be5 guid$ by causality1 ?9k+ has tak5 a moral turn4 #cbh4 ,aft] all1 :at h ,i a*iev$8 ,let u n close our eyes to ?is wond]ful result3 ,i h l5t new *>ms to virtue--x n[ affects "o 9 ! same way z some?+ =bidd54 ,x has our mo/ subtle hone/y aga9/ x1 x is salt$ 9 ! cum grano salis ( ! sci5tific pang ( consci5ce4 ,x sav\rs ( antiquity & ( old fa%ion1 & ?us x is at la/ beg9n+ to draw ref9$ p & to make !m inquisitive--9 %ort1 x affects u l a vice4 ,only aft] we h once recognis$ t ev]y?+ consi/s ( lies & appe>ance1 %all we h aga9 e>n$ ! "r to uphold ?is mo/ beautiful ( all fictions--virtue4 ,!re w !n rema9 no fur!r reason to deprive ourselves ( x3 only :5 we h %[n virtue to be a =m ( immorality d we aga9 ju/ify x1--x !n becomes classifi$1 & lik5$1 9 its fundam5tal features1 to ! pr(\nd & g5]al immorality ( all exi/5ce1 ( :i* x is !n %[n to be a "p4 ,x appe>s z a =m ( luxury ( ! fir/ ord]1 ! mo/ arrogant1 ! de>e/1 & r>e/ =m ( vice4 ,we h robb$ x ( its grimaces & dive/$ x ( its drap]y2 we h deliv]$ x f ! importunate famili>ity ( ! cr[d2 we h depriv$ x ( its ridicul\s rigidity1 its empty expression1 its /iff false hair1 & its hi]atic muscles4 #cbi4 ,& is x suppos$ t ,i h !reby done any h>m to virtue8444 ,j z little z an>*i/s d to pr9ces4 ,only s9ce !y h be5 %ot at1 h !y once m sat securely on _! ?rones4444 ,= ?us x has always be5 & w ev] be3 "o _c d a ?+ a bett] s]vice ?an to p]secute x & to run x to e>?4444 ,?is--,i h done4 #e4 ,,! ,,moral ,,ideal4 ,a4 ,a ,criticism ( ,ideals4 #ccj4 ,x 7 ! ?+ to beg9 ?is criticism 9 su*wise z to d away ) ! ^w ,ideal3 a criticism ( desid]ata4 #cca4 ,only ! fewe/ among/ u are aw>e ( :at is involv$1 f ! /&po9t ( desirability1 9 e ?us %\ld x be1 b x is n1 or ev5 ?us x ought to h be53 su* expressions ( op9ion involve a condemnation ( ! :ole c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,= !re is no?+ q isolat$ 9 ! _w3 ! smalle/ ?+ be>s ! l>ge/ on its back2 on ?y small inju/ice ! :ole nature ( ! future dep5ds2 ! :ole is condemn$ by e criticism :i* is direct$ at ! smalle/ "p ( x4 ,n[ grant+ t ! moral norm--ev5 z ,kant und]/ood x--is nev] completely fulfill$1 & rema9s l a sort ( ,beyond hang+ ov] reality )\t ev] fall+ d[n to x2 !n morality w\ld conta9 9 itself a judgm5t conc]n+ ! :ole1 :i* w\ld /ill1 h[ev]1 all[ ( ! "q3 :5ce does x get ! "r !reto8 ,h[ does ! "p come to acquire ?is judicial position relative to ! :ole8 ,& if1 z "s h decl>$1 ?is moral condemnation (1 & dissatisfaction )1 reality1 is an in]adicable in/9ct1 is x n possible t ?is in/9ct may p]haps belong to ! in]adicable /upidities & immode/ies ( our species8--,b 9 say+ ?is1 we are do+ precisely :at we deprecate2 ! po9t ( view ( desirability & ( unau?oris$ fault-f9d+ is "p & p>cel ( ! :ole "* ( worldly ph5om5a j z e inju/ice & imp]fection is--x is our v notion ( p]fection :i* is nev] gratifi$4 ,e in/9ct :i* desires to be indulg$ gives expression to its dissatisfaction ) ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s3 h[8 ,is ! :ole p]haps made up ( a ho/ ( dissatisfi$ p>ts1 :i* all h desid]ata 9 _! heads8 ,is ! c\rse ( ?+s p]haps ! road h5ce8 ! road lead+ away f reality --t is to say1 et]nal dissatisfaction 9 itself8 ,is ! conception ( desid]ata p]haps ! ess5tial motive-p[] ( all ?+s8 ,is x--deus8 999999 ,x seems to me ( ! utmo/ importance t we %\ld rid ourselves ( ! notion ( ! :ole1 ( an entity1 & ( any k9d ( p[] or =m ( ! uncondition$4 ,= we %all nev] be able to resi/ ! temptation ( reg>d+ x z ! supreme be+1 & ( *ri/5+ x ,god4 ,! ,all mu/ be subdivid$2 we mu/ unle>n our respect = x1 & reappropriate t :i* we h l5t ! unkn[n & an imag9>y entity1 = ! purposes ( our neighb\r & ourselves4 ,:]eas1 = in/ance1 ,kant said3 ,two ?+s rema9 = ev] wor?y ( hon\r 7at ! close ( 8 ,practical ,reason7--to-day we %\ld pref] to say3 ,dige/ion is m wor?y ( hon\r4 ,! concept1 ! ,all1 w always give rise to ! old problems1 ,h[ is evil possible8 etc4 ,!re=e1 !re is no ,all1 !re is no great s5sorium or inv5t>ium or p[]-magaz9e4 #ccb4 ,a man z he ought to be3 ?is s\nds to me 9 j z bad ta/e z3 ,a tree z x ought to be4 #ccc4 ,e?ics3 or ! philosophy ( desirability4--,?+s ought to be o!rwise1 ?+s ought to become diff]5t3 dissatisfaction w\ld ?us seem ! he>t ( e?ics4 ,"o c\ld f9d a way out ( x1 fir/1 by select+ only ^? /ates 9 :i* "o is free f emotion2 secondly1 by grasp+ ! insol5ce & /upidity ( ! attitude ( m9d3 = to desire t some?+ %\ld be o!rwise ?an x is1 means to desire t ev]y?+ %\ld be diff]5t--x involves a damag+ criticism ( ! :ole4 ,b life itself consi/s 9 su* desir+6 ,to asc]ta9 :at exi/s1 h[ x exi/s seems an ev] s mu* high] & m s]i\s matt] ?an e ?us %\ld x be1 because ! latt]1 z a piece ( human criticism & arrogance1 appe>s to be condemn$ z ludicr\s f ! />t4 ,x expresses a ne$ :i* w\ld fa9 h ! organisation ( ! _w correspond ) our human well-be+1 & :i* directs ! w z mu* z possible t[>ds ! accompli%m5t ( t relation%ip4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is desire1 ?us x ought to be1 has only call$ =? t o!r desire1 :at exi/s8 ,! desire ( kn[+ :at exi/s1 is already a consequ5ce ( ! "q1 h[8 is x possible8 ,:y precisely s8 ,our wond] at ! disagreem5t betwe5 our desires & ! c\rse ( ! _w has l$ to our le>n+ to "k ! c\rse ( ! _w4 ,p]haps ! matt] /&s diff]5tly3 maybe ! expression1 ?us x ought to be1 is m]ely ! utt]ance ( our desire to ov]come ! _w---- #ccd4 ,to-day :5 e attempt at det]m9+ h[ man %\ld be--is receiv$ ) "s irony1 :5 we adh]e to ! notion t 9 spite ( all "o only becomes :at "o is79 spite ( all--t is to say1 education1 in/ruction1 environm5t1 accid5t1 & disa/]71 9 ! matt] ( morality we h le>nt1 9 a v peculi> way1 h[ to rev]se ! relation ( cause & effect4 ,no?+ p]haps di/+ui%es u m ?an ?is f ! anci5t believ]s 9 morality4 ,we no long] say1 = in/ance1 ,vice is ! cause ( a man's physical ru91 & we no long] say1 ,a man prosp]s ) virtue because x br+s a long life & happ9ess4 ,our m9ds to-day are mu* m incl9$ to ! belief t vice & virtue are n causes b only effects4 ,a man becomes a respectable memb] ( society because he 0 a respectable man f ! />t--t is to say1 because he 0 born 9 possession ( good in/9cts & prosp]\s prop5sities4444 ,%\ld a man ent] ! _w poor1 & ! son ( p>5ts :o are nei!r economical nor ?rifty1 he is insusceptible ( be+ improv$--t is to say1 he is only fit = ! prison or ! madh\se4444 ,to-day we are no long] able to sep>ate moral f physical deg5]ation3 ! =m] is m]ely a complicat$ symptom ( ! latt]2 a man is necess>ily bad j z he is necess>ily ill4444 ,bad3 ?is ^w "h /&s = a c]ta9 lack ( capacity :i* is relat$ physiologically ) ! deg5]at+ type--= in/ance1 a weak w1 an unc]ta9 & _m-sid$ p]sonality1 ! inability to resi/ react+ to a /imulus & to control "o's self1 & a c]ta9 con/ra9t result+ f e sugge/ion proce$+ f ano!r's w4 ,vice is n a cause2 x is an effect4 444 ,vice is a some:at arbitr>y-epitome ( c]ta9 effects result+ f physiological deg5]acy4 ,a g5]al proposition su* z t :i* ,*ri/ianity tea*es1 namely1 ,man is evil1 w\ld be ju/ifi$ provid$ "o 7 ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ a giv5 type ( deg5]ate man z normal4 ,b ?is may be an exagg]ation4 ,( c\rse1 :]ev] ,*ri/ianity prosp]s & prevails1 ! proposition holds good3 = !n ! exi/5ce ( an unheal?y soil--( a deg5]ate t]ritory--is demon/rat$4 #cce4 ,x is difficult to h suffici5t respect = man1 :5 "o sees h[ he und]/&s ! art ( fight+ 8 way1 ( endur+1 ( turn+ circum/ances to 8 own advantage1 & ( ov]?r[+ oppon5ts2 b :5 he is se5 9 ! light ( 8 desires1 he is ! mo/ absurd ( all animals4 ,x is j z if he requir$ a playgr\nd = 8 c[>dice1 8 laz9ess1 8 feebl5ess1 8 sweetness1 8 submissiv5ess1 :]e he recov]s f 8 /rong virile virtues4 ,j look at man's desid]ata & 8 ideals4 ,man1 :5 he desires1 tries to recov] f t :i* is et]nally valuable 9 him1 f 8 de$s2 & !n he ru%es into non5tity1 absurdity1 valuelessness1 *ildi%ness4 ,! intellectual indig5ce & lack ( inv5tive p[] ( ?is res\rceful & inv5tive animal is simply t]rible4 ,! ideal is at ! same "t ! p5alty man pays = ! enorm\s exp5diture :i* he has to defray 9 all real & press+ duties4--,%\ld reality cease to prevail1 !re foll[ dreams1 fatigue1 weakness3 an ideal might ev5 be reg>d$ z a =m ( dream1 fatigue1 or weakness4 ,! /ronge/ & ! mo/ impot5t m5 become alike :5 ?is condition ov]takes !m3 !y deify ! cessation ( "w1 ( w>1 ( passions1 ( susp5se1 ( contra/s1 ( reality --9 %ort1 ( ! /ruggle = k & ( ! tr\ble ( acquir+ x4 ,innoc5ce to !m is idealis$ /ultification2 bless$ness is idealis$ idl5ess2 love1 ! ideal /ate ( ! greg>i\s animal t w no long] h an enemy4 ,& ?us ev]y?+ t l[]s & belittles man is elevat$ to an ideal4 #ccf4 ,a desire magnifies ! ?+ desir$2 & by n be+ realis$ x gr[s--! greate/ ideas are ^? :i* h be5 creat$ by ! /ronge/ & longe/ desir+4 ,?+s gr[ ev] m valuable 9 our e/imation1 ! m our desire = !m increases3 if moral values h become ! highe/ values1 x simply %[s t ! moral ideal is ! "o :i* has be5 realis$ lea/ 7& ?us x repres5t$ ! ,beyond to all suff]+1 z a road to bless$ness74 ,man1 ) ev]-increas+ ard\r1 has only be5 embrac+ cl\ds3 & ultimately call$ 8 desp]ation & impot5ce ,god4 #ccg4 ,?9k ( ! navet ( all ultimate desid]ata--:5 ! :]e=e ( man rema9s unkn[n4 #cch4 ,:at is ! c\nt]feit co9age ( morality8 ,fir/ ( all we %\ld "k :at good & evil mean4 ,t is z good z wi%+ to "k :y man is "h1 & :at 8 goal or 8 de/9y is4 ,& t means t "o w\ld fa9 "k t man actually has a goal or a de/9y4 ,! v obscure & arbitr>y notion t humanity has a g5]al duty to p]=m1 & t1 z a :ole1 x is /riv+ t[>ds a goal1 is /ill 9 its infancy4 ,p]haps we %all once m be rid ( x be=e x becomes a fix$ idea4 444 ,b humanity does n con/itute a :ole3 x is an indissoluble multiplicity ( asc5d+ & desc5d+ organisms--x kn[s no su* ?+ z a /ate ( y\? foll[$ by maturity & !n age4 ,b its /rata lie confus$ & sup]impos$--& 9 a few ?\s& ye>s !re may be ev5 y\ng] types ( m5 ?an we c po9t out to-day4 ,decad5ce1 on ! o!r h&1 belongs to all p]iods ( human hi/ory3 ev]y:]e !re is refuse & decay+ matt]1 su* ?+s are 9 !mselves vital processes2 = )]+ & decay+ elem5ts mu/ be elim9at$4 ,"u ! empire ( ,*ri/ian prejudice ?is "q 0 nev] put at all3 ! purpose ( life seem$ to lie 9 ! salvation ( ! individual s\l2 ! "q :e!r humanity might la/ = a long or a %ort "t 0 n consid]$4 ,! be/ ,*ri/ians long$ = ! end to come z soon z possible2--conc]n+ ! ne$s ( ! individual1 !re seem$ to be no d\bt :atsoev]4 444 ,! duty ( e individual = ! pres5t 0 id5tical ) :at x w\ld be 9 any sort ( future = ! man ( ! future3 ! value1 ! purpose1 ! limit ( values 0 = ev] fix$1 uncondition$1 et]nal1 "o ) ,god4444 ,:at deviat$ f ?is et]nal type 0 impi\s1 diabolic1 crim9al4 ,! c5tre ( gravity ( all values = ea* s\l lay 9 t s\l itself3 salvation or damnation6 ,! salvation ( ! immortal s\l6 ,! mo/ extreme =m ( p]sonalisation4444 ,= ea* s\l !re 0 only "o k9d ( p]fection2 only "o ideal1 only "o road to salvation4444 ,! mo/ extreme =m ( ! pr9ciple ( equal rights1 associat$ ) an optical magnification ( individual importance to ! po9t ( megalomania4444 ,no?+ b insanely important s\ls1 revolv+ r\nd _! own axes ) unspeakable t]ror4444 999999 ,nobody believes 9 ^! assum$ airs ( importance any long] to-day3 & we h sift$ our wisdom ?r\gh ! sieve ( contempt4 ,nev]!less ! optical habit survives1 :i* w\ld fa9 measure ! value ( man by 8 proximity to a c]ta9 ideal maw4 at bottom ! p]sonalisation view is upheld z firmly z t ( ! equality ( rights z reg>ds ! ideal4 ,9 %ort3 p seem to ?9k t !y "k :at ! ultimate desid]atum is 9 reg>d to ! ideal man4444 ,b ?is belief is m]ely ! result ( ! exce$+ly detrim5tal influ5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal1 z anybody c discov] = himself e "t he c>efully exam9es ! ideal type4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is believ$ t ! approa* to a giv5 type is desirable2 secondly1 t ?is p>ticul> type is kn[n2 ?irdly1 t e deviation f ?is type is a retrograde movem5t1 a /emm+ ( ! _s ( progress1 a loss ( p[] & might 9 man4444 ,to dream ( a /ate ( affairs 9 :i* ?is p]fect man w be 9 ! majority3 our fri5ds ! ,sociali/s & ev5 ,messrs4 ! ,utilit>ians h n rea*$ a high] level ?an ?is4 ,9 ?is way an aim seems to h crept into ! evolution ( man3 at any rate ! belief 9 a c]ta9 progress t[>ds an ideal is ! only %ape 9 :i* an aim is conceiv$ 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d to-day4 ,9 %ort3 ! com+ ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god has be5 plac$ 9 ! future1 & has be5 giv5 an e>?ly1 a human mean+--b on ! :ole ! fai? 9 ! old ideal is /ill ma9ta9$4444 #cdj4 ,! m conceal$ =ms ( ! cult ( ,*ri/ian1 moral ideals4--,! insipid & c[>dly notion ,nature inv5t$ by ,nature-en?usia/s 7)\t any k :atsoev] ( ! t]rible1 ! implacable1 & ! cynical elem5t 9 ev5 ! mo/ beautiful aspects71 is only a sort ( attempt at read+ ! moral & ,*ri/ian notion ( humanity into ,nature2--,r\sseau's concept ( ,nature1 = in/ance1 :i* took = grant$ t ,nature meant fre$om1 goodness1 innoc5ce1 equity1 ju/ice1 & ,idylls1 0 no?+ m at bottom ?an ! cult ( ,*ri/ian morality4 ,we %\ld collect passages f ! poets 9 ord] to see :at !y admir$1 9 l(ty m\nta9s1 = in/ance4 ,:at ,goe! _h to d ) !m--:y he admir$ ,sp9oza4 ,absolute ignorance conc]n+ ! reasons ( ?is cult4444 ,! insipid & c[>dly concept ,man la ,comte & ,/u>t ,mill1 is at times ! subject ( a cult4444 ,?is is only ! ,*ri/ian moral ideal aga9 "u ano!r "n4444 ,ref] also to ! free?9k]s--,guyau = example4 ,! insipid & c[>dly concept ,art :i* is held to mean sympa?y ) all suff]+ & ) ev]y?+ bot*$ & bungl$ 7! same ?+ happ5s to hi/ory1 cf4 ,?i]ry73 aga9 x is ! cult ( ! ,*ri/ian moral ideal4 ,& n[1 z to ! :ole sociali/ic ideal3 x is no?+ b a blockhead$ misund]/&+ ( ! ,*ri/ian moral ideal4 #cda4 ,! orig9 ( ! ideal4 ,! exam9ation ( ! soil out ( :i* x gr[s4 ,a4 ,/>t+ out f ^? /hetic m5tal /ates dur+ :i* ! _w seems r\nd]1 full]1 & m p]fect3 we h ! pagan ideal ) its dom9at+ _s ( self-affirmation 7p give ( _! abundance74 ,! highe/ type3 ! classical ideal--reg>d$ z an expression ( ! successful nature ( all ! m important in/9cts4 ,9 ?is classical ideal we f9d ! gr& /yle z ! highe/ /yle4 ,an expression ( ! w to p[] itself4 ,! in/9ct :i* is mo/ fe>$ d>es to ackn[l$ge itself4 ,b4 ,/>t+ out f ! m5tal /ates 9 :i* ! _w seem$ empti]1 pal]1 & ?9n]1 :5 spiritualisation & ! abs5ce ( s5suality assume ! rank ( p]fection1 & :5 all t is brutal1 animal1 direct1 & proximate is avoid$ 7p calculate & select73 ! sage1 ! angel2 prie/l9ess virg9ity ignorance1 are ! physiological ideals ( su* ideali/s3 ! anmic ideal4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances ?is anmic ideal may be ! ideal ( su* natures z repres5t paganism 7?us ,goe! sees 8 sa9t 9 ,sp9oza74 ,c4 ,/>t+ out f ^? m5tal /ates 9 :i* ! _w seem$ m absurd1 m evil1 poor]1 & m deceptive1 an ideal _c ev5 be imag9$ or desir$ 9 x 7p d5y & annihilate72 ! projection ( ! ideal into ! sph]e ( ! anti-natural1 anti-actual1 anti-logical2 ! /ate ( him :o judges ?us 7! impov]i%m5t ( ! _w z a result ( suff]+3 p take1 !y no long] be/[73 ! anti-natural ideal4 7,! ,*ri/ian ideal is a transitional =m betwe5 ! second & ! ?ird1 n[ incl9+ m t[>ds ! =m] type1 & anon incl9+ t[>ds ! latt]47 ,! ?ree ideals3 ,a4 ,ei!r a /r5g!n+ ( ,life 7paganism17 or ,b4 an impov]i%m5t ( ,life 7anmia71 or ,c4 a d5ial ( ,life 7anti-naturalism74 ,! /ate ( beatitude 9 ,a4 is ! feel+ ( extreme abundance2 9 ,b4 x is rea*$ by ! mo/ fa/idi\s selectiv5ess2 9 ,c4 x is ! contempt & ! de/ruction ( ,life4 #cdb4 ,a4 ,! consi/5t type und]/&s t ev5 evil mu/ n be hat$1 mu/ n be resi/$1 & t x is n all[able to make w> aga9/ "o's self2 t x does n suffice m]ely to accept ! pa9 :i* su* behavi\r br+s 9 its tra92 t "o lives entirely 9 positive feel+s2 t "o takes ! side ( "o's oppon5ts 9 ^w & de$2 t by means ( a sup]ftation ( peaceful1 k9dly1 conciliatory1 helpful1 & lov+ /ates1 "o impov]i%es ! soil ( ! o!r /ates1 444 t "o is 9 ne$ ( unremitt+ practice4 ,:at is a*iev$ !reby8--,! ,buddhi/ic type1 or ! p]fect c[4 ,?is po9t ( view is possible only :]e no moral fanaticism prevails--t is to say1 :5 evil is n hat$ on its own acc\nt1 b because x op5s ! road to conditions :i* are pa9ful 7unre/1 "w1 c>e1 complications1 dep5d5ce74 ,?is is ! ,buddhi/ic po9t ( view3 !re is no hatr$ ( s91 ! concept s91 9 fact1 is entirely lack+4 ,b4 ,! inconsi/5t type4 ,w> is wag$ aga9/ evil--!re is a belief t w> wag$ = ,goodness' sake does n involve ! same moral results or affect "* 9 ! same way z w> g5]ally does 7& ow+ to :i* t5d5cies x is dete/$ z evil74 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a w> ( ?is sort c>ri$ on aga9/ evil is mu* m pr(\ndly p]nici\s ?an any sort ( p]sonal ho/ility2 & g5]ally1 x is ! p]son :i* reassumes1 at lea/ 9 fancy1 ! position ( oppon5t 7! devil1 evil spirits1 etc474 ,! attitude ( ho/ile obs]vation & spy+ 9 reg>d to ev]y?+ :i* may be bad 9 u1 or hail f a bad s\rce1 culm9ates 9 a mo/ torm5t$ & mo/ anxi\s /ate ( m9d3 ?us miracles1 rew>ds1 ec/asy1 & transc5d5tal solutions ( ! e>?-riddle n[ became desirable4 444 ,! ,*ri/ian type3 or ! p]fect bigot4 ,c4 ,! /oical type4 ,firmness1 self-control1 imp]turbability1 peace 9 ! =m ( ! rigidity ( a w long active--pr(\nd quiet1 ! def5sive /ate1 ! =tress1 ! mi/ru/ ( w>--firmness ( pr9ciples2 ! unity ( k & w2 great self-respect4 ,! type ( ! an*orite4 ,! p]fect blockhead4 #cdc4 ,an ideal :i* is /riv+ to prevail or to ass]t itself endeav\rs to fur!r its purpose 7a7 by lay+ claim to a spuri\s orig92 7b7 by assum+ a relation%ip betwe5 itself & ! p[]ful ideals already exi/+2 7c7 by means ( ! ?rill produc$ by my/]y1 z ?\gh an unque/ionable p[] 7 manife/+ itself2 7d7 by ! sl&] ( its oppon5ts' ideals2 7e7 by a ly+ tea*+ ( ! advantages :i* foll[ 9 its wake1 = in/ance3 happ9ess1 spiritual peace1 g5]al peace1 or ev5 ! assi/ance ( a mighty ,god1 etc4--,contributions to ! psy*ology ( ! ideali/s3 ,c>lyle1 ,s*ill]1 ,mi*elet4 ,suppos+ all ! means ( def5ce & protection1 by means ( :i* an ideal survives1 are discov]$1 is x !reby refut$8 ,x has m]ely avail$ itself ( ! means ( :i* ev]y?+ lives & gr[s--!y are all immoral4 ,my view3 all ! =ces & in/9cts :i* are ! s\rce ( life are ly+ b5ea? ! ban ( morality3 morality is ! life-d5y+ in/9ct4 ,morality mu/ be annihilat$ if life is to be emancipat$4 #cdd4 ,to avoid kn[+ himself is ! prud5ce ( ! ideali/4 ,! ideali/3 a creature :o has reasons = rema9+ 9 ! d>k conc]n+ himself1 & :o is also clev] en\gh to rema9 9 ! d>k conc]n+ ^! reasons also4 #cde4 ,! t5d5cy ( moral evolution4--,e "o's desire is t !re %\ld be no o!r tea*+ & valuation ( ?+s ?an ^? by means ( :i* he himself succe$s4 ,?us ! fundam5tal t5d5cy ( ! weak & m$iocre ( all times1 has be5 to enfeeble ! /rong & to r$uce !m to ! level ( ! weak3 _! *ief weapon 9 ?is process 0 ! moral pr9ciple4 ,! attitude ( ! /rong t[>ds ! weak is br&$ z evil2 ! highe/ /ates ( ! /rong become bad bywords4 ,! /ruggle ( ! _m aga9/ ! /rong1 ( ! ord9>y aga9/ ! extraord9>y1 ( ! weak aga9/ ! /rong3 meets ) "o ( its f9e/ int]ruptions 9 ! fact t ! r>e1 ! ref9$1 ! m exact+1 pres5t !mselves z ! weak1 & repudiate ! co>s] weapons ( p[]4 #cdf4 7#a7 ,! s-call$ pure in/9ct = k ( all philosoph]s is dictat$ to !m by _! moral tru?s1 & is only seem+ly indep5d5t4 7#b7 ,! ,moral ,tru?s1 ?us %all ?+s be done1 are m]e /ates ( consci\sness ( an in/9ct :i* has gr[n tir$1 ?us & ?us are ?+s done by u4 ,! ideal is suppos$ to re-e/abli% & /r5g!n an in/9ct2 x flatt]s man to feel he c obey :5 he is only an automaton4 #cdg4 ,morality z a means ( s$uction4--,nature is good2 = a wise & good ,god is its cause4 ,:o1 !re=e1 is responsible = ! 'corruption ( man'8 ,tyrants & s$uc]s & ! rul+ classes are responsible--!y mu/ be wip$ out3 ?is is ,r\sseau's logic 7comp>e ) ,pascals logic1 :i* concludes by an appeal to orig9al s974 ,ref] also to ,lu!r's logic1 :i* is simil>4 ,9 bo? cases a pretext is s\ght = ! introduction ( an insatiable lu/ ( rev5ge z a moral & religi\s duty4 ,! hatr$ direct$ aga9/ ! rul+ classes tries to sanctify itself 444 7! s9fulness ( ,israel is ! basis ( ! prie/'s p[]ful position74 ,comp>e ?is ) ,pauls logic1 :i* is simil>4 ,x is always "u ! cov] ( ,god's bus9ess t ^! reactions appe>1 "u ! cov] ( :at is "r1 or ( humanity1 etc4 ,9 ! case ( ,*ri/ ! rejoic+s ( ! p appe> z ! cause ( ,8 crucifixion4 ,x 0 an anti-prie/ly movem5t f ! beg9n+4 ,ev5 9 ! anti-,semitic movem5t we f9d ! same trick3 ! oppon5t is ov]come ) moral condemnations1 & ^? :o attack him pose z retributive ,ju/ice4 #cdh4 ,! incid5ts ( ! fight3 ! fight] tries to trans=m 8 oppon5t into ! exact opposite ( himself--imag9atively1 ( c\rse4 ,he tries to believe 9 himself to su* an ext5t t he may h ! c\rage necess>y = ! good ,cause 7z if he 7 ! good ,cause72 z if reason1 ta/e1 & virtue 7 be+ assail$ by 8 oppon5ts4444 ,! belief ( :i* he is mo/ 9 ne$1 z ! /ronge/ means ( def5ce & attack1 is ! belief 9 himself1 :i*1 h[ev]1 kn[s h[ to mis9t]pret itself z a belief 9 ,god4 ,he nev] pictures ! advantages & ! uses ( victory1 b only und]/&s victory = ! sake ( victory--= ,god's sake4 ,e small community 7or individual71 f9d+ itself involv$ 9 a /ruggle1 /rives to conv9ce itself ( ?is3 ,good ta/e1 good judgm5t1 & virtue are ours4 ,w> urges p to ?is exagg]at$ self-e/eem4444 #cdi4 ,:atev] k9d ( ecc5tric ideal "o may h 7:e!r z a ,*ri/ian1 a free-_s1 an immorali/1 or a ,g]man ,imp]iali/71 "o %\ld try to avoid insi/+ ^u its be+ ! ideal2 =1 by s do+1 x is depriv$ ( all its privileg$ nature4 ,"o %\ld h an ideal z a di/9ction2 "o %\ld n propagate x1 & ?us level "o's self d[n to ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,h[ is x1 t 9 spite ( ?is obvi\s fact1 ! majority ( ideali/s indulge 9 propag&a = _! ideal1 j z if !y _h no "r to x unless ! majority acquiesce !re98--,= in/ance1 all ^? plucky & insignificant girls behave 9 ?is way1 :o claim ! "r to /udy ,lat9 & ma!matics4 ,:at is x urges !m to d ?is8 ,i fe> x is ! in/9ct ( ! h]d1 & ! t]ror ( ! h]d3 !y fight = ! emancipation ( woman1 because !y are be/ able to a*ieve _! own private little di/9ction by fight+ = x "u ! cov] ( a *>itable movem5t1 "u ! bann] be>+ ! device ,= o!rs4 ,! clev]ness ( ideali/s consi/s 9 _! p]si/5tly pos+ z ! mission>ies & repres5tatives ( an ideal3 !y ?us beautify !mselves 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o /ill believe 9 dis9t]e/$ness & h]oism4 ,:]eas real h]oism consi/s1 n 9 fight+ "u ! bann] ( self-sacrifice1 submission1 & dis9t]e/$ness1 b 9 n fight+ at all4444 ,i am ?us2 ,i w be ?us--& y c g to ! devil6 #cej4 ,e ideal assumes love1 hate1 rev]5ce1 & contempt4 ,ei!r positive feel+ is ! primum mobile1 or negative feel+ is4 ,hatr$ & contempt are ! primum mobile 9 all ! ideals :i* proce$ f res5tm5t4 ,b4 ,a ,criticism ( ! ,good ,man ( ! ,sa9t1 etc4 #cea4 ,! good man ,or1 hemiplegia ( virtue4--,9 ! op9ion ( e /rong & natural man1 love & hate1 gratitude & rev5ge1 goodness & ang]1 affirmative & negative action1 belong to ea* o!r4 ,a man is good on condition t he kn[s h[ to be evil2 a man is evil1 because o!rwise he w\ld n "k h[ to be good4 ,:5ce comes ! morbidness & ideological unnaturalness :i* repudiates ^! comp\nds--:i* tea*es a sort ( "o-sid$ effici5cy z ! highe/ ( all ?+s8 ,:5ce ?is hemiplegia ( virtue1 ! inv5tion ( ! good man8 ,! object seems to be to make man amputate ^? in/9cts :i* enable him to be an enemy1 to be h>mful1 to be angry1 & to insi/ ^u rev5ge4444 ,?is unnaturalness1 !n1 corresponds to t duali/ic concept ( a :olly good & ( a :olly bad creature 7,god1 ,_s1 ,man72 9 ! fir/ are f\nd all ! positive1 9 ! second all ! negative =ces1 int5tions1 & /ates4 ,?is me?od ( valu+ ?us believes itself to be ideali/ic2 x nev] d\bts t 9 its concept ( ! good man1 x has f\nd ! highe/ desid]atum4 ,:5 aspir+ to its z5i? x fancies a /ate 9 :i* all evil is wip$ out1 & 9 :i* only good creatures h actually rema9$ ov]4 ,x does n !re=e reg>d ! mutual dep5d5ce ( ! opposites good & evil z prov$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! latt] ought to vani%1 & ! =m] %\ld rema94 ,! fir/ has a "r to exi/1 ! second ought n to be ) u at all4444 ,:at1 z a matt] ( fact1 is ! reason ( ?is desire8 ,9 all ages1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,*ri/ian age1 mu* lab\r has be5 sp5t 9 try+ to r$uce m5 to ?is "o-sid$ activity3 & ev5 to-day1 among ^? :o h be5 de=m$ & weak5$ by ! ,*ur*1 p are n lack+ :o desire precisely ! same ?+ ) _! humanisation g5]ally1 or ) _! ,w ( ,god1 or ) _! ,salvation ( ! ,s\l4 ,! pr9cipal injunction beh9d all ^! ?+s is1 t man %\ld no long] d any?+ evil1 t he %\ld "u no circum/ances be h>mful or desire h>m4 ,! way to arrive at ?is /ate ( affairs is to amputate all ho/ile t5d5cies1 to suppress all ! in/9cts ( res5tm5t1 & to e/abli% spiritual peace z a *ronic disease4 ,?is attitude ( m9d1 9 :i* a c]ta9 type ( man is br$1 />ts out ) ?is absurd hypo!sis3 good & evil are po/ulat$ z realities :i* are 9 a /ate ( mutual contradiction 7n z complem5t>y values1 :i* !y are71 p are advis$ to take ! side ( ! good1 & x is insi/$ ^u t a good man resi/s & =swe>s evil until e trace ( x is uproot$--b ) ?is valuation ,life is actually d5i$1 = 9 all its in/9cts ,life has bo? yea & nay4 ,b f> f und]/&+ ^! facts1 ?is valuation dreams r ( return+ to ! :ol5ess1 on5ess1 & /r5g?fulness ( ,life3 x actually believes t a /ate ( bless$ness w be rea*$ :5 ! inn] an>*y & /ate ( unre/ :i* result f ^! oppos$ impulses is br\ght to an end4--,x is possible t no m dang]\s ideology1 no great] mis*ief 9 ! sci5ce ( psy*ology1 has ev] yet exi/$1 z ?is w to good3 ! mo/ repugnant type ( man has be5 re>$1 ! man :o is n free1 ! bigot2 x 0 taught t only 9 ! =m ( a bigot c\ld "o tread ! pa? :i* leads to ,god1 & t only a bigot's life c\ld be a godly life4 ,& ev5 "h1 ,life is /ill 9 ! "r--,life t kn[s n h[ to sep>ate ,yea f ,nay3 :at is ! good ( decl>+ ) all "o's might t w> is an evil1 t "o mu/ h>m no "o1 t "o mu/ n act negatively8 ,"o is /ill wag+ a w> ev5 9 ?is1 x is impossible to d o!rwise6 ,! good man :o has r5\nc$ all evil1 & :o is afflict$ accord+ to 8 desire ) ! hemiplegia ( virtue1 does n !re=e cease f wag+ w>1 or f mak+ enemies1 or f say+ nay & do+ nay4 ,! ,*ri/ian1 = in/ance1 hates s96--& :at on e>? is !re :i* he does n call s96 ,x is precisely because ( 8 belief 9 a moral antagonism betwe5 good & evil1 t ! _w = him has gr[n s full ( hatefulness & ?+s t mu/ be combat$ et]nally4 ,! good man sees himself surr\nd$ by evil1 &1 ?anks to ! cont9ual onslaughts ( ! latt]1 8 eye gr[s m ke51 & 9 ! end discov]s traces ( evil 9 e "o ( 8 acts4 ,& ?us he ultimately arrives at ! conclusion1 :i* to him is q logical1 t ,nature is evil1 t man is corrupt$1 & t be+ good is an act ( grace 7t is to say1 x is impossible to man :5 he /&s alone74 ,9 %ort3 he d5ies ,life1 he sees h[ good1 z ! highe/ value1 condemns ,life4444 ,& ?us 8 ideology conc]n+ good & evil ought to /rike him z refut$4 ,b "o _c refute a disease4 ,!re=e he is oblig$ to conceive ano!r life6444 #ceb4 ,p[]1 :e!r 9 ! h&s ( a god or ( a man1 is always und]/ood to consi/ 9 ! ability to h>m z well z to help4 ,?is is ! case ) ! ,arabs & ) ! ,hebrews1 9 fact ) all /rong & well-con/itut$ races4 ,! duali/ic sep>ation ( ! two p[]s is fatal4444 ,9 ?is way morality becomes ! poison] ( life4 #cec4 ,a criticism ( ! good man4--,hone/y1 dignity1 dutifulness1 ju/ice1 humanity1 loyalty1 uprightness1 clean consci5ce--is x really suppos$ t1 by means ( ^! f9e-s\nd+ words1 ! qualities !y /& = are approv$ & affirm$ = _! own sake8 ,or is x ?is1 t qualities & /ates indiff]5t 9 !mselves h m]ely be5 look$ at 9 a light :i* l5ds !m "s value8 ,does ! wor? ( ^! qualities lie 9 !mselves1 or 9 ! use & advantages to :i* !y lead 7or to :i* !y seem to lead1 to :i* !y are expect$ to lead78 ,i naturally d n wi% to imply t !re is any opposition betwe5 ! ego & ! alt] 9 ! judgm5t3 ! "q is1 :e!r x is ! results ( ^! qualities1 ei!r 9 reg>d to him :o possesses !m or 9 reg>d to environm5t1 society1 humanity1 :i* l5d !m _! value2 or :e!r !y h a value 9 !mselves4444 ,9 o!r words3 is x utility :i* bids m5 condemn1 combat1 & d5y ! opposite qualities 7duplicity1 fals5ess1 p]v]sity1 lack ( self-confid5ce1 inhumanity78 ,is ! ess5ce ( su* qualities condemn$1 or only _! consequ5ces8 ,9 o!r words3 7 x desirable t !re %\ld exi/ no m5 at all possess$ ( su* qualities8 ,9 any case1 ?is is believ$4444 ,b "h lies ! error1 ! %ortsight$ness1 ! monocul>ity ( n>r[ egoism4 ,express$ o!rwise3 w\ld x be desirable to create circum/ances 9 :i* ! :ole advantage w\ld be on ! side ( ! j--s t all ^? ) opposite natures & in/9cts w\ld be disc\rag$ & w\ld sl[ly become ext9ct8 ,at bottom1 ?is is a "q ( ta/e & ( /hetics3 %\ld we desire ! mo/ hon\rable types ( m5--t is to say1 ! greate/ bores--alone to subsi/8 ! rectangul>1 ! virtu\s1 ! upright1 ! good-natur$1 ! /raight=w>d1 & ! blockheads8 ,if "o c imag9e ! total suppression ( ! huge numb] con/itut+ ! o!rs1 ev5 ! j man himself ceases f hav+ a "r to exi/1--he is1 9 fact1 no long] necess>y1--& 9 ?is way x is se5 t co>se utility alone c\ld h elevat$ su* an insuff]able virtue to a place ( hon\r4 ,desirability may lie precisely on ! o!r side4 ,x might be bett] to create conditions 9 :i* ! j man w\ld be r$uc$ to ! humble position ( a useful in/rum5t--an ideal greg>i\s animal1 or at be/ a h]dsman3 9 %ort1 conditions 9 :i* he w\ld no long] /& 9 ! highe/ sph]e1 :i* requires o!r qualities4 #ced4 ,! good man z a tyrant--,mank9d has always repeat$ ! same error3 x has always trans=m$ a m]e vital measure into ! measure & /&>d ( life2--in/ead ( seek+ ! /&>d 9 ! highe/ asc5t ( life1 9 ! problem ( gr[? & exhau/ion1 x takes ! pres]vative measures ( a v def9ite k9d ( life1 & uses !m to exclude all o!r k9ds ( life1 & ev5 to criticise ,life itself & to select f among its =ms4 ,t is to say1 man ultimately =gets t measures are a means to an end1 & gets to l !m = !mselves3 !y take ! place ( a goal 9 8 m9d1 & ev5 become ! /&>d ( goals to him--t is to say1 a giv5 species ( man reg>ds 8 means ( exi/5ce z ! only legitimate means1 z ! means :i* ought to be impos$ ^u all1 z tru?1 goodness1 p]fection3 ! giv5 species1 9 fact1 beg9s to tyrannise4 444 ,x is a =m ( fai?1 ( in/9ct1 :5 a c]ta9 species ( man does n p]ceive t 8 k9d has be5 condition$1 :5 he does n und]/& 8 relation to o!r species4 ,at any rate1 any species ( m5 7a p or a race7 seems to be doom$ z soon z x becomes tol]ant1 grants equal rights1 & no long] desires to be ma/]4 #cee4 ,all good p are weak3 !y are good because !y are n /rong en\gh to be evil1 said ! ,latuka *iefta9 ,comorro to ,bak]4 99 99 99 ,disa/]s are n to ! fa9t-he>t$1 is a ,russian prov]b4 #cef4 ,mode/1 indu/ri\s1 b5evol5t1 & temp]ate3 ?us y w\ld t m5 78--t good m5 78 ,b su* m5 ,i c only conceive z slaves1 ! slaves ( ! future4 #ceg4 ,! metamorphoses ( slav]y2 its disguise 9 ! cloak ( religion2 its transfiguration ?r\gh morality4 #ceh4 ,! ideal slave 7! good man74--,he :o _c reg>d himself z a purpose1 & :o _c give himself any aim :atsoev]1 in/9ctively hon\rs ! morality ( unselfi%ness4 ,ev]y?+ urges him to ?is morality3 8 prud5ce1 8 exp]i5ce1 & 8 vanity4 ,& ev5 fai? is a =m ( self-d5ial4 999999 ,atavism3 delightful feel+1 to be able to obey unconditionally = once4 999999 ,indu/ry1 mode/y1 b5evol5ce1 temp]ance1 are j s _m ob/acles 9 ! way ( sov]eign s5tim5ts1 ( great +5uity1 ( an h]oic purpose1 ( noble exi/5ce = "o's self4 999999 ,x is n a "q ( go+ ahead 7to t end all t is requir$ is to be at be/ a h]dsman1 t is to say1 ! prime ne$ ( ! h]d71 x is r a matt] ( gett+ along alone1 ( be+ able to be ano!r4 #cei4 ,we mu/ realise all t has be5 accumulat$ z ! result ( ! highe/ moral idealism3 h[ almo/ all o!r values h cry/allis$ r\nd x4 ,?is %[s t x has be5 desir$ = a v long "t & ) ! /ronge/ passions--& t x has n yet be5 atta9$3 o!rwise x w\ld h disappo9t$ ev]ybody 7t is to say1 x w\ld h be5 foll[$ by a m mod]ate valuation74 ,! sa9t z ! mo/ p[]ful type ( man3 ?is ideal x is :i* has elevat$ ! value ( moral p]fection s high4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ! :ole ( sci5ce _h be5 engag$ 9 prov+ t ! moral man is ! mo/ p[]ful & mo/ godly4--,! conque/ ( ! s5ses & ! passions--ev]y?+ inspir$ t]ror2--! unnatural seem$ to ! spectators to be sup]natural & transc5d5tal4444 #cfj4 ,francis ( ,assisi3 amor\s & popul>1 a poet :o combats ! ord] ( rank among s\ls1 9 fav\r ( ! l[e/4 ,! d5ial ( spiritual hi]>*y--all alike be=e ,god4 ,popul> ideals3 ! good man1 ! unselfi% man1 ! sa9t1 ! sage1 ! j man4 ,o ,m>cus ,aurelius6 #cfa4 ,i h decl>$ w> aga9/ ! anmic ,*ri/ian ideal 7toge!r ) :at is closely ,i relat$ to x71 n because ,i want to annihilate x1 b only to put an end to its tyranny & cle> ! way = o!r ideals1 = m robu/ ideals4444 ,! cont9uance ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal belongs to ! mo/ desirable ( desid]ata3 if only = ! sake ( ! ideals :i* wi% to take _! /& beside x & p]haps above x--!y mu/ h oppon5ts1 & /rong ones too1 9 ord] to gr[ /rong !mselves4 ,t is :y we immorali/s require ! p[] ( morality1 our in/9ct ( self-pres]vation insi/s ^u our oppon5ts ma9ta9+ _! /r5g?--all x requires is to become ma/] ( !m4 ,c4 ,conc]n+ ! ,sl&] ( ! s-call$ ,evil ,qualities4 #cfb4 ,egoism & its problem6 ,! ,*ri/ian gloom9ess ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 :o saw egoism 9 ev]y?+1 & imag9$ t he _h !re=e r$uc$ ! wor? ( ?+s & virtues6 ,9 opposition to him1 ,i fir/ ( all tri$ to %[ t no?+ else c\ld exi/ save egoism1--t 9 ^? m5 ^: ego is weak & ?91 ! p[] to love also gr[s weak1--t ! greate/ lov]s are su* ow+ to ! /r5g? ( _! ego1--t love is an expression ( egoism1 etc4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! false valuation aims at ! int]e/ ( ^? :o f9d x useful1 :om x helps--9 fact1 ! h]d2 x fo/]s a pessimi/ic mi/ru/ t[>ds ! basis ( ,life2 x w\ld fa9 und]m9e ! mo/ glori\s & mo/ well-con/itut$ m5 7out ( fe>72 x w\ld assi/ ! l[ly to h ! upp] h& ( _! conqu]ors2 x is ! cause ( univ]sal di%one/y1 especially 9 ! mo/ useful type ( m54 #cfc4 ,man is an indiff]5t egoi/3 ev5 ! clev]e/ reg>ds 8 habits z m important ?an 8 advantage4 #cfd4 ,egoism6 ,b no "o has yet ask$3 :at is ! ego l8 ,ev]ybody is r incl9$ to see all egos alike4 ,?is is ! result ( ! slave !ory1 ( univ]sal suffrage1 & ( equality4 #cfe4 ,! behavi\r ( a high] man is ! result ( a v complex set ( motives3 any ^w su* z pity betrays no?+ ( ?is complexity4 ,! mo/ important factor is ! feel+1 :o am ,i8 :o is ! o!r relative to me8--,?us ! valu+ _s is cont9ually active4 #cff4 ,to ?9k t ! hi/ory ( all moral ph5om5a may be simplifi$1 z ,s*op5hau] ?\ght1--t is to say1 t pity is to be f\nd at ! root ( e moral impulse t has ev] exi/$ hi!rto1--is to be guilty ( a degree ( nons5se & +5u\sness wor?y only ( a ?9k] :o is devoid ( all hi/orical in/9cts & :o has miracul\sly succe$$ 9 evad+ ! /rong s*ool+ 9 hi/ory :i* ! ,g]mans1 f ,h]d] to ,hegel1 h und]gone4 #cfg4 ,my pity4--,?is is a feel+ = :i* ,i c f9d no adequate t]m3 ,i feel x :5 ,i am 9 ! pres5ce ( any wa/e ( preci\s capabilities1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 ,i contemplate ,lu!r3 :at p[] & :at ta/eless problems fit = back-woodsm56 7,at a "t :5 ! brave & light-he>t$ scepticism ( a ,montaigne 0 already possible 9 ,france67 ,or :5 ,i see "s "o /&+ bel[ :]e he might h /ood1 ?anks to ! developm5t ( a set ( p]fectly s5seless accid5ts4 ,or ev5 :51 ) ! ?\ght ( man's de/9y 9 my m9d1 ,i contemplate ) horror & contempt ! :ole sy/em ( mod]n ,european politics1 :i* is creat+ ! circum/ances & weav+ ! fabric ( ! :ole future ( mank9d4 ,yes1 to :at c\ld n mank9d atta91 if----6 ,?is is my pity2 despite ! fact t no suff]] yet exi/s ) :om ,i sympa?ise 9 ?is way4 #cfh4 ,pity is a wa/e ( feel+1 a moral p>asite :i* is injuri\s to ! heal?1 x _c possibly be our duty to increase ! evil 9 ! _w4 ,if "o does good m]ely out ( pity1 x is "o's self & n "o's neighb\r t "o is succ\r+4 ,pity does n dep5d ^u maxims1 b ^u emotions4 ,! suff]+ we see infects u2 pity is an infection4 #cfi4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z egoism :i* keeps )9 its b\nds & does n exce$ !m--consequ5tly1 ! all[able1 ! morally indiff]5t egoism ( :i* "s p speak1 does n exi/ at all4 ,"o is cont9ually promot+ ! int]e/s ( "o's 'ego' at ! co/ ( o!r p 2 ,liv+ consi/s 9 liv+ at ! co/ ( o!rs--he :o has n grasp$ ?is fact1 has n tak5 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds tru? to himself4 #cgj4 ,! subject is a piece ( fiction3 ! ego ( :i* e "o speaks :5 he blames egoism1 does n exi/ at all4 #cga4 ,our ego--:i* is n "o ) ! unit>y controll+ =ce ( our be+s6--is really only an imag9$ syn!sis2 !re=e !re c be no egoi/ic actions4 #cgb4 ,s9ce all in/9cts are un9tellig5t1 utility _c repres5t a /&po9t z f> z !y are conc]n$4 ,e in/9ct1 :5 x is active1 sacrifices /r5g? & o!r in/9cts into ! b>ga93 9 ! end x is /emm$1 o!rwise x w\ld be ! end ( ev]y?+ ow+ to ! wa/e x w\ld br+ ab\t4 ,?us3 t :i* is unegoi/ic1 self-sacrific+1 & imprud5t is no?+ 9 p>ticul> --x is common to all ! in/9cts2 !y d n consid] ! welf>e ( ! :ole ego 7because !y simply d n ?9k671 !y act c\nt] to our int]e/s1 aga9/ ! ego3 & (t5 = ! ego--innoc5t 9 bo? cases6 #cgc4 ,! orig9 ( moral values4--,selfi%ness has z mu* value z ! physiological value ( him :o possesses x4 ,ea* individual repres5ts ! :ole c\rse ( ,evolution1 & he is n1 z morals tea*1 some?+ t beg9s at 8 bir?4 ,if he repres5t ! asc5t ( ! l9e ( mank9d1 8 value is1 9 fact1 v great2 & ! conc]n ab\t 8 ma9t5ance & ! promot+ ( 8 gr[? may ev5 be extreme4 7,x is ! conc]n ab\t ! promise ( ! future 9 him :i* gives ! well-con/itut$ individual su* an extraord9>y "r to egoism47 ,if he repres5t desc5d+ developm5t1 decay1 *ronic sick5+1 he has little wor?3 & ! greate/ fairness w\ld h him take z little room1 /r5g?1 & sun%9e z possible f ! well-con/itut$4 ,9 ?is case society's duty is to suppress egoism 7= ! latt] may sometimes manife/ itself 9 an absurd1 morbid1 & s$iti\s mann]73 :e!r x be a "q ( ! decl9e & p9+ away ( s+le individuals or ( :ole classes ( mank9d4 ,a morality & a religion ( love1 ! curb+ ( ! self-affirm+ _s1 & a doctr9e enc\rag+ pati5ce1 resignation1 helpfulness1 & co-op]ation 9 ^w & de$ may be ( ! highe/ value )9 ! conf9es ( su* classes1 ev5 9 ! eyes ( _! rul]s3 = x re/ra9s ! feel+s ( rivalry1 ( res5tm5t1 & ( envy1--feel+s :i* are only too natural 9 ! bungl$ & ! bot*$1--& x ev5 deifies !m "u ! ideal ( humility1 ( ob$i5ce1 ( slave-life1 ( be+ rul$1 ( pov]ty1 ( illness1 & ( l[l9ess4 ,?is expla9s :y ! rul+ classes 7or races7 & individuals ( all ages h always upheld ! cult ( unselfi%ness1 ! gospel ( ! l[ly & ( ,god on ! ,cross4 ,! prepond]ance ( an altrui/ic way ( valu+ is ! result ( a consci\sness ( ! fact t "o is bot*$ & bungl$4 ,^u exam9ation1 ?is po9t ( view turns out to be3 ,i am n wor? mu*1 simply a psy*ological valuation2 m pla9ly /ill3 x is ! feel+ ( impot5ce1 ( ! lack ( ! great self-ass]t+ impulses ( p[] 79 muscles1 n]ves1 & ganglia74 ,?is valuation gets translat$1 accord+ to ! p>ticul> culture ( ^! classes1 into a moral or religi\s pr9ciple 7! pre-em95ce ( religi\s or moral precepts is always a sign ( l[ culture73 x tries to ju/ify itself 9 sph]es :5ce1 z f> z x is conc]n$1 ! notion value hails4 ,! int]pretation by means ( :i* ! ,*ri/ian s9n] tries to und]/& himself1 is an attempt at ju/ify+ 8 lack ( p[] & ( self-confid5ce3 he pref]s to feel himself a s9n] r ?an feel bad = no?+3 x is 9 itself a symptom ( decay :5 int]pretations ( ?is sort are us$ at all4 ,9 "s cases ! bungl$ & ! bot*$ d n look = ! reason ( _! un=tunate condition 9 _! own guilt 7z ! ,*ri/ian does71 b 9 society3 :51 h[ev]1 ! ,sociali/1 ! ,an>*i/1 & ! ,nihili/ are consci\s t _! exi/5ce is some?+ = :i* "s "o mu/ be guilty1 !y are v closely relat$ to ! ,*ri/ian1 :o also believes t he c m easily endure 8 ill ease & 8 wret*$ con/itution :5 he has f\nd "s "o :om he c hold responsible = x4 ,! in/9ct ( rev5ge & res5tm5t appe>s 9 bo? cases "h z a means ( endur+ life1 z a self-pres]vative measure1 z is also ! fav\r %[n to altrui/ic !ory & practice4 ,! hatr$ ( egoism1 :e!r x be "o's own 7z 9 ! case ( ! ,*ri/ian71 or ano!r's 7z 9 ! case ( ! ,sociali/s71 ?us appe>s z a valuation rea*$ "u ! pr$om9ance ( rev5ge2 & also z an act ( prud5ce on ! "p ( ! pres]vative in/9ct ( ! suff]+1 9 ! =m ( an increase 9 _! feel+s ( co-op]ation & unity4444 ,at bottom1 z ,i h already sugge/$1 ! dis*>ge ( res5tm5t :i* takes place 9 ! act ( judg+1 reject+1 & puni%+ egoism 7"o's own or t ( o!rs7 is /ill a self-pres]vative measure on ! "p ( ! bungl$ & ! bot*$4 ,9 %ort3 ! cult ( altruism is m]ely a p>ticul> =m ( egoism1 :i* regul>ly appe>s "u c]ta9 def9ite physiological circum/ances4 ,:5 ! ,sociali/1 ) righte\s indignation1 cries = ju/ice1 rights1 equal rights1 x only %[s t he is oppress$ by 8 inadequate culture1 & is unable to und]/& :y he suff]s3 he also f9ds pleasure 9 cry+2--if he 7 m at ease he w\ld take jolly good c>e n to cry 9 t way3 9 t case he w\ld seek 8 pleasure else:]e4 ,! same holds good ( ! ,*ri/ian3 he curses1 condemns1 & sl&]s ! _w--& does n ev5 except himself4 ,b t is no reason = tak+ him s]i\sly4 ,9 bo? cases we are 9 ! pres5ce ( invalids :o feel bett] = cry+1 & :o f9d relief 9 sl&]4 #cgd4 ,e society has a t5d5cy to r$uce its oppon5ts to c>icatures1--at lea/ 9 its own imag9ation1--z also to />ve !m4 ,z an example ( ?is sort ( c>icature we h our crim9al4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! ,roman & ari/ocratic ord] ( values1 ! ,jew 0 r$uc$ to a c>icature4 ,among arti/s1 ,mrs4 ,grundy & ! b\rgeois become c>icatures2 :ile among pi\s p x is ! h]etics1 & among ari/ocrats1 ! plebeian4 ,among immorali/s x is ! morali/4 ,plato1 = in/ance1 9 my books becomes a c>icature4 #cge4 ,all ! in/9cts & =ces :i* morality praises1 seem to me to be ess5tially ! same z ^? :i* x sl&]s & rejects3 = in/ance1 ju/ice z w to p[]1 w to tru? z a means 9 ! s]vice ( ! w to p[]4 #cgf4 ,! turn+ ( man's nature inw>ds4 ,! process ( turn+ a nature inw>ds arises :51 ow+ to ! e/abli%m5t ( peace & society1 p[]ful in/9cts are prev5t$ f v5t+ !mselves outw>dly1 & /rive to survive h>mlessly inside 9 conjunction ) ! imag9ation4 ,! ne$ ( ho/ility1 cruelty1 rev5ge1 & viol5ce is rev]t$1 x /eps backw>ds2 9 ! ?ir/ = k !re lurks bo? ! lu/ ( ga9 & ( conque/2 9 ! arti/1 ! p[]s ( dissimulation & falsehood f9d _! scope2 ! in/9cts are ?us trans=m$ into demons ) :om a fight takes place1 etc4 #cgg4 ,falsity4--,e sov]eign in/9ct makes ! o!rs its in/rum5ts1 its reta9]s & its sycophants3 x nev] all[s itself to be call$ by its m hateful "n3 & x brooks no t]ms ( praise 9 :i* x _c indirectly f9d its %>e4 ,ar\nd e sov]eign in/9ct all praise & blame 9 g5]al cry/allises into a rigor\s =m ( c]emonial & etiquette4 ,?is is "o ( ! causes ( falsity4 ,e in/9ct :i* aspires to dom9ion1 b :i* f9ds itself "u a yoke1 requisitions all ! mo/ beautiful names & ! mo/ g5]ally accept$ values to /r5g!n x & to support its self-e/eem1 & ?is expla9s :y z a rule x d>es to come =w>d "u ! "n ( ! ma/] x is combat+ & f :om x w\ld be free 7= in/ance1 "u ! dom9ation ( ,*ri/ian values1 ! desires ( ! fle% & ( p[] act 9 ?is way74 ,?is is ! o!r cause ( falsity4 ,9 bo? cases complete +5u\sness reigns3 ! fals5ess nev] ev5 occurs to ! m9d ( ^? conc]n$4 ,x is ! sign ( a brok5 in/9ct :5 man sees ! motive =ce & its expression 7! mask7 z sep>ate ?+s--x is a sign ( inn] contradiction & is mu* less =midable4 ,absolute innoc5ce 9 be>+1 ^w1 & passion1 a good consci5ce 9 fals5ess1 & ! c]ta9ty :]e) all ! gr&e/ & mo/ pomp\s words & attitudes are appropriat$--all ^! ?+s are necess>y = victory4 ,9 ! o!r case3 t is to say1 :5 extreme cle>sight$ness is pres5t1 ! g5ius ( ! actor is ne$ful z well z trem5d\s discipl9e 9 self-control1 if victory is to be a*iev$4 ,t is :y prie/s are ! clev]e/ & mo/ consci\s hypocrites2 & !n come pr9ces1 9 :om _! position 9 life & _! antec$5ts acc\nt = a c]ta9 hi/rionic gift4 ,society m5 & diplomati/s come ?ird1 & wom5 f\r?4 ,! fundam5tal ?\ght3 ,falsity seems s deep1 s _m-sid$1 & ! w is direct$ s inexorably aga9/ p]fect self-k & accurate self-classification1 t "o is v probably "r 9 suppos+ t ,tru? & ! w to tru? are p]haps some?+ q diff]5t & only disguises4 7,! ne$ ( fai? is ! greate/ ob/acle 9 ! way ( tru?fulness47 #cgh4 ,?\ %alt n tell a falsehood3 p insi/ ^u tru?fulness4 ,b ! ackn[l$gm5t ( facts 7! refusal to all[ "o's self to be li$ to7 has always be5 greate/ ) li>s3 !y actually recognis$ ! reality ( ?is popul> tru?fulness4 ,!re is too mu* or too little be+ said cont9ually3 to insi/ ^u p's expos+ !mselves ) e ^w !y say1 is a piece ( navet4 ,p say :at !y ?9k1 !y are tru?ful2 b only "u c]ta9 circum/ances3 t is to say1 provid$ !y be und]/ood 7int] p>es71 & und]/ood ) good w into ! b>ga9 7once m int] p>es74 ,"o conceals "o's self 9 ! pres5ce ( ! unfamili>3 & he :o w\ld atta9 to some?+1 says :at he w\ld fa9 h p ?9k ab\t him1 b n :at he ?9ks4 7,! p[]ful man is always a li>47 #cgi4 ,! great c\nt]feit co9age ( ,nihilism conceal$ b5ea? an artful abuse ( moral values3-- 7a7 ,love reg>d$ z self-effacem5t2 z also pity4 7b7 ,! mo/ imp]sonal intellect 7! philosoph]7 c "k ! tru?1 ! true ess5ce & nature ( ?+s4 7c7 ,g5ius1 great m5 are great1 because !y d n /rive to fur!r _! own int]e/s3 ! value ( man increases 9 proportion z he effaces himself4 7d7 ,art z ! "w ( ! pure free-will$ subject2 misund]/&+ ( objectivity4 7e7 ,happ9ess z ! object ( life3 virtue z a means to an end4 ,! pessimi/ic condemnation ( life by ,s*op5hau] is a moral "o4 ,transf]5ce ( ! greg>i\s /&>ds into ! realm ( metaphysics4 ,! individual lacks s5se1 he mu/ !re=e h 8 orig9 9 ! ?+ 9 itself 7& ! significance ( 8 exi/5ce mu/ be %[n to be error72 p>5ts are only an accid5tal cause4--,! mi/ake on ! "p ( sci5ce 9 consid]+ ! individual z ! result ( all pa/ life in/ead ( ! epitome ( all pa/ life1 is n[ becom+ kn[n4 #chj4 #a4 ,sy/ematic falsification ( hi/ory1 s t x may pres5t a pro( ( ! moral valuation3 7a7 ,! decl9e ( a p & corruption4 7b7 ,! rise ( a p & virtue4 7c7 ,! z5i? ( a p 7its culture7 reg>d$ z ! result ( high moral excell5ce4 #b4 ,sy/ematic falsification ( great m51 great creators1 & great p]iods4 ,! desire is to make fai? t :i* di/+ui%es great m53 :]eas c>elessness 9 ?is respect1 scepticism1 immorality1 ! "r to repudiate a belief1 belongs to greatness 7,cs>1 ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 ,napoleon2 b also ,hom]1 ,ari/ophanes1 ,leon>do1 ,goe!74 ,! pr9cipal fact--_! free w--is always suppress$4 #cha4 ,a great lie 9 hi/ory2 z if ! corruption ( ! ,*ur* 7 ! cause ( ! ,re=mation6 ,?is 0 only ! pretext & self-deception ( ! agitators--v /rong ne$s 7 mak+ !mselves felt1 ! brutality ( :i* sorely requir$ a spiritual dress+4 #chb4 ,s*op5hau] decl>$ high intellectuality to be ! emancipation f ! w3 he did n wi% to recognise ! fre$om f moral prejudices :i* is co9cid5t ) ! emancipation ( a great m9d2 he refus$ to see :at is ! typical immorality ( g5ius2 he artfully contriv$ to set up ! only moral value he hon\r$--self-effacem5t1 z ! "o condition ( highe/ intellectual activity3 objective contemplation4 ,tru?1 ev5 9 art1 only manife/s itself aft] ! )drawal ( ! w4444 ,?r\gh all moral idiosyncrasies ,i see a fundam5tally diff]5t valuation4 ,su* absurd di/9ctions z g5ius & ! _w ( w1 ( morality & immorality1 ,i "k no?+ ab\t at all4 ,! moral is a l[] k9d ( animal ?an ! immoral1 he is also weak]2 inde$--he is a type 9 reg>d to morality1 b he is n a type ( 8 own4 ,he is a copy2 at ! be/1 a good copy--! /&>d ( 8 wor? lies )\t him4 ,i value a man accord+ to ! quantum ( p[] & fullness ( 8 w3 n accord+ to ! enfeeblem5t & moribund /ate !re(4 ,i consid] t a philosophy :i* tea*es ! d5ial ( w is bo? defamatory & sl&]\s4444 ,i te/ ! p[] ( a w accord+ to ! am\nt ( resi/ance x c (f] & ! am\nt ( pa9 & torture x c endure & "k h[ to turn to its own advantage2 ,i d n po9t to ! evil & pa9 ( exi/5ce ) ! f+] ( reproa*1 b r ent]ta9 ! hope t life may "o day be m evil & m full ( suff]+ ?an x has ev] be54 ,! z5i? ( intellectuality1 accord+ to ,s*op5hau]1 0 to arrive at ! k t all is to no purpose--9 %ort1 to recognise :at ! good man already does in/9ctively4444 ,he d5ies t !re c be high] /ates ( intellectuality--he reg>ds 8 view z a non plus ultra4444 ,"h intellectuality is plac$ mu* l[] ?an goodness2 its highe/ value 7z art1 = in/ance7 w\ld be to lead up to1 & to advise ! adoption (1 morality1 ! absolute pr$om9ance ( moral values4 ,next to ,s*op5hau] ,i w n[ *>act]ise ,kant3 !re 0 no?+ ,greek 9 ,kant2 he 0 q anti-hi/orical 7cf4 8 attitude 9 reg>d to ! ,fr5* ,revolution7 & a moral fanatic 7see ,goe!'s words conc]n+ ! radically evil elem5t 9 human nature#h74 ,sa9tl9ess also lurk$ some:]e 9 8 s\l4444 ,i require a criticism ( ! sa9tly type4 ,hegel's value3 ,passion4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s tea-groc]'s philosophy3 total abs5ce ( an ideal save t ( ! m$iocre man4 ,fundam5tal in/9ct ( all philosoph]s1 hi/orians1 & psy*ologi/s3 ev]y?+ ( value 9 mank9d1 art1 hi/ory1 sci5ce1 religion1 & te*nology mu/ be %[n to be morally valuable & morally condition$1 9 its aim1 means1 & result4 ,ev]y?+ is se5 9 ! light ( ?is highe/ value2 = in/ance1 ,r\sseau's "q conc]n+ civilisation1 ,w x make man gr[ bett]8--a funny "q1 = ! rev]se is obvi\s1 & is a fact :i* speaks 9 fav\r ( civilisation4 ,footnote #h3 ,,translator',s ,,note4--,?is is d\btless a ref]5ce to a passage 9 a lett] writt5 by ,goe! to ,h]d]1 on #g? ,june #agic1 f ! camp at ,m>i5born1 ne> ,ma9z1 9 :i* ! foll[+ words occur3--,dageg5 hat ab] au* ,kant se95 philosophis*5 ,mantel1 na*dem er e9 langes ,m5s*5leb5 gebrau*t hat1 ihn von man*]lei sudelhaft5 ,vorurteil5 zu re9ig51 frev5tli* mit dem ,s*&fleck des radikal5 ,bs5 bes*labb]t1 damit do* au* ,*ri/5 h]beigelockt w]d5 d5 ,saum zu kss58--7,kant1 on ! o!r h&1 aft] he _h tri$ ?r\gh\t 8 life to keep 8 philosophical cloak unsoil$ by f\l prejudices1 wantonly dirti$ x 9 ! end ) ! disreputable /a9 ( ! 'radical evil' 9 human nature1 9 ord] t ,*ri/ians too might be lur$ into kiss+ its hem47 ,f ?is passage x w be se5 h[ ,goe! _h anticipat$ ,nietzs*e's view ( ,kant2 namely1 t he 0 a ,*ri/ian 9 disguise4 #chc4 ,religi\s morality4--,passion1 great desire2 ! passion = p[]1 love1 rev5ge1 & prop]ty3 ! morali/s wi% to uproot & ext]m9ate all ^! ?+s1 & purify ! s\l by driv+ !m out ( x4 ,! argum5t is3 ! passions (t5 lead to disa/]--!re=e1 !y are evil & ought to be condemn$4 ,man mu/ wr+ himself free f !m1 o!rwise he _c be a good man4444 ,?is is ( ! same nature z3 ,if ?y "r eye (f5d !e1 pluck x out4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> case :51 ) t bucolic simplicity1 ! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity recomm5d$ a c]ta9 practice to ,8 disciples1 9 ! ev5t ( sexual excitem5t1 ! result w\ld n be only ! loss ( a p>ticul> memb]1 b ! actual ca/ration ( ! :ole ( ! man's "*4444 ,& ! same applies to ! moral mania1 :i*1 in/ead ( insi/+ ^u ! control ( ! passions1 sues = _! extirpation4 ,its conclusion always is3 only ! emasculat$ man is a good man4 ,in/ead ( mak+ use ( & ( economis+ ! great s\rces ( passion1 ^? torr5ts ( ! s\l :i* are (t5 s dang]\s1 ov]:elm+1 & impetu\s1 morality--?is mo/ %ortsight$ & mo/ corrupt$ ( m5tal attitudes--w\ld fa9 make !m dry up4 #chd4 ,conque/ ov] ! passions8--,no1 n if ?is is to mean _! enfeeblem5t & annihilation4 ,!y mu/ be enli/$ 9 our s]vice3 & to ?is end x may be necess>y to tyrannise !m a good deal 7n z individuals1 b z communities1 races1 etc474 ,at l5g? we %\ld tru/ !m en\gh to re/ore _! fre$om to !m3 !y love u l good s]vants1 & will+ly g :]ev] our be/ int]e/s lie4 #che4 ,intol]ance on ! "p ( morality is a sign ( man's weakness3 he is fright5$ ( 8 own immorality1 he mu/ d5y 8 /ronge/ in/9cts1 because he does n yet "k h[ to use !m4 ,?us ! mo/ fruitful qu>t]s ( ! globe rema9 uncultivat$ longe/3 ! p[] is lack+ t might become ma/] "h4444 #chf4 ,!re are "s v simple peoples & m5 :o believe t cont9u\s f9e wea!r w\ld be a desirable ?+3 !y /ill believe to-day 9 rebus moralibus1 t ! good man alone & no?+ else ?an ! good man is to be desir$1 & t ! ultimate end ( man's evolution w be t only ! good man w rema9 on e>? 7& t x is only to t end t all ef=ts %\ld be direct$74 ,?is is 9 ! highe/ degree an uneconomical ?\ght2 z we h already sugge/$1 x is ! v acme ( simplicity1 & x is no?+ m ?an ! expression ( ! agreeabl5ess :i* ! good man creates 7he gives rise to no fe>1 he p]mits ( relaxation1 he gives :at "o is able to take74 ,) a m educat$ eye "o le>ns to desire exactly ! rev]se--t is to say1 an ev] great] dom9ion ( evil1 man's gradual emancipation f ! n>r[ & aggravat+ bonds ( morality1 ! gr[? ( p[] ar\nd ! greate/ =ces ( ,nature1 & ! ability to enli/ ! passions 9 "o's s]vice4 #chg4 ,! :ole idea ( ! hi]>*y ( ! passions3 z if ! only "r & normal ?+ 7 to be l$ by reason--:]eas ! passions are abnormal1 dang]\s1 half-animal1 & moreov]1 9 s f> z _! end is conc]n$1 no?+ m ?an desires = pleasure4444 ,passion is depriv$ ( its dignity 7#a7 z if x only manife/$ itself 9 an unseemly way & 7 n necess>y & always ! motive =ce1 7#b7 inasmu* z x is suppos$ to aim at no high purpose--m]ely at pleasure4444 ,! mis9t]pretation ( passion & reason1 z if ! latt] 7 an indep5d5t entity1 & n a /ate ( relation%ip betwe5 all ! v>i\s passions & desires2 & z ?\gh e passion did n possess its quantum ( reason4444 #chh4 ,h[ x 0 t1 "u ! pressure ( ! dom9ion ( an ascetic & self-effac+ morality1 x 0 precisely ! passions--love1 goodness1 pity1 ev5 ju/ice1 g5]osity1 & h]oism1 :i* 7 necess>ily misund]/ood8 ,x is ! ri*ness ( a p]sonality1 ! fullness ( x1 its p[] to fl[ ov] & to be/[1 its in/9ctive feel+ ( ease1 & its affirmative attitude t[>ds itself1 t creates great love & great sacrifices3 ^! passions proce$ f /rong & godlike p]sonalism z surely z d ! desire to be ma/]1 to obtrude1 & ! inn] c]ta9ty t "o has a "r to ev]y?+4 ,! opposite views1 accord+ to ! mo/ accept$ notions1 are inde$ common views2 & if "o does n /& firmly & bravely on "o's legs1 "o has no?+ to give1 & x is p]fectly useless to /ret* out "o's h& ei!r to protect or to support o!rs4444 ,h[ 0 x possible to trans=m ^! in/9cts to su* an ext5t t man c\ld feel t to be ( value :i* is direct$ aga9/ himself1 s t he c\ld sacrifice himself = ano!r self6 ,o ! psy*ological bas5ess & fals5ess :i* hi!rto has laid d[n ! law 9 ! ,*ur* & 9 ,*ur*-infect$ philosophy6 ,if man is ?or\ghly s9ful1 !n all he c d is to hate himself4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 he ought n to reg>d ev5 8 fell[s o!rwise ?an he does himself2 ! love ( man requires a ju/ification1 & x is f\nd 9 ! fact t ,god comm&$ x4--,f ?is x foll[s t all ! natural in/9cts ( man 7to love1 etc47 appe> to him to be1 9 !mselves1 prohibit$2 & t he re-acquires a "r to !m only aft] hav+ d5i$ !m z an ob$i5t wor%ipp] ( ,god4 444 ,pascal1 ! admirable logician ( ,*ri/ianity1 w5t z f> z ?is6 let any "o exam9e 8 relations to 8 si/]4 ,n to make "o's self lov$1 seem$ ,*ri/ian to him4 #chi4 ,let u consid] h[ de>ly a moral canon su* z ?is 7an ideal7 makes u pay4 7,its enemies are--well8 ,! egoi/s47 ,! melan*oly a/ut5ess ( self-abasem5t 9 ,europe 7,pascal1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld7--inn] enfeeblem5t1 disc\ragem5t1 & self-consumption ( ! non-greg>i\s man4 ,! p]petual process ( lay+ /ress ^u m$iocre qualities z be+ ! mo/ valuable 7mode/y 9 rank & file1 ,nature conv]t$ into an in/rum5t74 ,pangs ( consci5ce associat$ ) all t is self-glorify+ & orig9al3 ?us foll[s ! unhapp9ess--! gloom9ess ( ! _w f ! /&po9t ( /rong] & bett]-con/itut$ m56 ,greg>i\s consci\sness & timor\sness transf]r$ to philosophy & religion4 ,let u leave ! psy*ological impossibility ( a purely unselfi% action out ( consid]ation6 #cij4 ,my ultimate conclusion is1 t ! real man repres5ts a mu* high] value ?an ! desirable man ( any ideal t has ev] exi/$ hi!rto2 t all desid]ata 9 reg>d to mank9d h be5 absurd & dang]\s dissipations by means ( :i* a p>ticul> k9d ( man has s\ght to e/abli% 8 measures ( pres]vation & ( gr[? z a law = all2 t e desid]atum ( ?is k9d :i* has be5 made to dom9ate has r$uc$ man's wor?1 8 /r5g?1 & 8 tru/ 9 ! future2 t ! indig5ce & m$iocre intellectuality ( man becomes mo/ app>5t1 ev5 to-day1 :5 he reveals a desire2 t man's ability to fix values has hi!rto be5 develop$ too inadequately to d ju/ice to ! actual1 n m]ely to ! desirable1 wor? ( man2 t1 up to ! pres5t1 ideals h really be5 ! p[] :i* has mo/ sl&]$ man & p[]1 ! poison\s fumes :i* h hung ov] reality1 & :i* h s$uc$ m5 to ye>n = non5tity4444 ,d4 ,a ,criticism ( ! ,words3 ,improv+1 ,p]fect+1 ,elevat+4 #cia4 ,! /&>d accord+ to :i* ! value ( moral valuations is to be det]m9$4 ,! fundam5tal fact t has be5 ov]look$3 ,! contradiction betwe5 becom+ m moral & ! elevation & ! /r5g!n+ ( ! type man4 ,homo natura3 ,! w to p[]4 #cib4 ,moral values reg>d$ z values ( appe>ance & comp>$ ) physiological values4 #cic4 ,reflect+ ^u g5]alities is always retrograde3 ! la/ ( ! desid]ata conc]n+ m51 = in/ance1 h nev] be5 reg>d$ z problems by philosoph]s4 ,!y always po/ulate ! improvem5t ( man1 q guilelessly1 z ?\gh by means ( "s intuition !y _h be5 help$ ov] ! note ( int]rogation foll[+ ! "q1 :y necess>ily improve6 ,to :at ext5t is x desirable t man %\ld be m virtu\s1 or m intellig5t1 or happi]6 ,grant+ t nobody yet kn[s ! :]e=e8 ( mank9d1 all su* desid]ata h no s5se :atev]2 & if "o aspires to "o ( !m--:o kn[s8--p]haps "o is fru/rat+ ! o!r4 ,is an increase ( virtue compatible ) an increase ( intellig5ce & insight8 ,dubito3 only too (t5 %all ,i h occasion to %[ t ! rev]se is true4 ,has virtue1 z an end1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 n always be5 oppos$ to happ9ess hi!rto8 ,& aga91 does x n require mis=tune1 ab/95ce1 & self-ca/igation z a necess>y means8 ,& if ! aim 7 to arrive at ! highe/ insight1 w\ld x n !re=e be necess>y to r5\nce all hope ( an increase 9 happ9ess1 & to *oose dang]1 adv5ture1 mi/ru/1 & s$uction z a road to enlight5m5t8444 ,& suppose "o w h happ9ess2 maybe "o %\ld jo9 ! ranks ( ! poor 9 _s4 #cid4 ,! :olesale deception & fraud ( s-call$ moral improvem5t4 ,we d n believe t "o man c be ano!r if he is n t o!r already--t is to say1 if he is n1 z (t5 happ5s1 an accretion ( p]sonalities or at lea/ ( p>ts ( p]sons4 ,9 ?is case x is possible to draw ano!r set ( actions f him into ! =egr\nd1 & to drive back ! old] man4 444 ,! man's aspect is alt]$1 b n 8 actual nature4444 ,x is b ! m]e/ factum brutum t any "o %\ld cease f p]=m+ c]ta9 actions1 & ! fact all[s ( ! mo/ v>i$ int]pretations4 ,nei!r does x always foll[ !refrom t ! habit ( p]=m+ a c]ta9 action is entirely arre/$1 nor t ! reasons = t action are dissipat$4 ,he ^: de/9y & abilities make him a crim9al nev] unle>ns any?+1 b is cont9ually add+ to 8 /ore ( k3 & long ab/95ce acts z a sort ( tonic on 8 tal5t4444 ,c]ta9ly1 z f> z society is conc]n$1 ! only int]e/+ fact is t "s "o has ceas$ f p]=m+ c]ta9 actions2 & to ?is end society w (t5 raise a man out ( ^? circum/ances :i* make him able to p]=m ^? actions3 ?is is obvi\sly a wis] c\rse ?an t ( try+ to break 8 de/9y & 8 p>ticul> nature4 ,! ,*ur*1--:i* has done no?+ except to take ! place (1 & to appropriate1 ! philosophic treasures ( antiquity1--/>t+ out f ano!r /&po9t & wi%+ to secure a s\l or ! salvation ( a s\l1 believes 9 ! expiatory p[] ( puni%m5t1 z also 9 ! oblit]at+ p[] ( =giv5ess3 bo? ( :i* suppos$ processes are deceptions due to religi\s prejudice--puni%m5t expiates no?+1 =giv5ess oblit]ates no?+2 :at is done _c be undone4 ,because "s "o =gets some?+ x by no means proves t some?+ has be5 wip$ out4444 ,an action leads to c]ta9 consequ5ces1 bo? among m5 & away f m51 & x matt]s n :e!r x has met ) puni%m5t1 or :e!r x has be5 expiat$1 =giv51 or oblit]at$1 x matt]s n ev5 if ! ,*ur* mean:ile canonises ! man :o p]=m$ x4 ,! ,*ur* believes 9 ?+s t d n exi/1 x believes 9 ,s\ls2 x believes 9 influ5ces t d n exi/--9 div9e influ5ces2 x believes 9 /ates t d n exi/1 9 s91 r$emption1 & spiritual salvation3 9 all ?+s x /ops at ! surface & is satisfi$ ) signs1 attitudes1 words1 to :i* x l5ds an arbitr>y int]pretation4 ,x possesses a me?od ( c\nt]feit psy*ology :i* is ?\ght out q sy/ematically4 #cie4 ,illness makes m5 bett]1 ?is fam\s assumption :i* is to be met ) 9 all ages1 & 9 ! m\? ( ! wiz>d q z (t5 z 9 ! m\? & maw ( ! p1 really makes "o pond]4 ,9 view ( discov]+ :e!r !re is any tru? 9 x1 "o might be all[$ to ask :e!r !re is n p]haps a fundam5tal relation%ip betwe5 morality & illness8 ,reg>d$ z a :ole1 c\ld n ! improvem5t ( mank9d--t is to say1 ! unque/ionable s(t5+1 humanis+1 & tam+ :i* ! ,european has und]gone )9 ! la/ two c5turies--be reg>d$ z ! result ( a long c\rse ( secret & gha/ly suff]+1 failure1 ab/95ce1 & grief8 ,has illness made ,europeans bett]8 ,or1 put into o!r words1 is n our mod]n s(t-he>t$ ,european morality1 :i* c\ld be lik5$ to t ( ! ,*9ese1 p]haps an expression ( physiological det]ioration8444 ,x _c be d5i$1 = in/ance1 t :]ev] hi/ory %[s u man 9 a /ate ( p>ticul> glory & p[]1 8 type is always dang]\s1 impetu\s1 & boi/]\s1 & c>es little = humanity2 & p]haps1 9 ^? cases 9 :i* x seems o!rwise1 all t 0 requir$ 0 ! c\rage or subtlety to see suffici5tly bel[ ! surface 9 psy*ological matt]s1 9 ord] ev5 9 !m to discov] ! g5]al proposition3 ! m heal?y1 /rong1 ri*1 fruitful1 & ent]pris+ a man may feel1 ! m immoral he w be z well4 ,a t]rible ?\ght1 to :i* "o %\ld on no acc\nt give way4 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 t "o take a few /eps =w>d ) ?is ?\ght1 h[ wondr\s does ! future !n appe>6 ,:at w !n be paid = m de>ly on e>?1 ?an precisely ?is v ?+ :i* we are all try+ to promote1 by all means 9 our p[]--! humanis+1 ! improv+1 & ! increas$ civilisation ( man8 ,no?+ w\ld !n be m exp5sive ?an virtue3 = by means ( x ! _w w\ld ultimately be turn$ into a hospital3 & ! la/ conclusion ( wisdom w\ld be1 ev]ybody mu/ be ev]ybody else's nurse4 ,!n we %\ld c]ta9ly h atta9$ to ! ,peace on e>?1 s long desir$6 ,b h[ little joy we %\ld f9d 9 ea* o!r's company6 ,h[ little beauty1 wanton spirits1 d>+1 & dang]6 ,s few actions :i* w\ld make life on e>? wor? liv+6 ,ah6 & no long] any de$s6 ,b h n all ! great ?+s & de$s :i* h rema9$ fre% 9 ! memory ( m51 & :i* h n be5 de/roy$ by "t1 be5 immoral 9 ! deepe/ s5se ( ! ^w8444 #cif4 ,! prie/s--& ) !m ! half-prie/s or philosoph]s ( all ages--h always call$ t doctr9e true1 ! educat+ influ5ce ( :i* 0 a b5evol5t "o or at lea/ seem$ s--t is to say1 t5d$ to improve4 ,9 ?is way !y resemble an +5u\s plebeian empiric & miracle-work] :o1 because he _h tri$ a c]ta9 poison z a cure1 decl>$ x to be no poison4 ,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m--t is to say1 by our tru?s4 ,?is has be5 ! reason+ ( prie/s until ?is day4 ,!y h squ&]$ _! sagacity1 ) results t h be5 suffici5tly fatal1 9 ord] to make ! pro( ( p[] 7or ! pro( by ! fruits 7 pre-em95t & ev5 supreme arbit] ov] all o!r =ms ( pro(4 ,t :i* makes good mu/ be good2 t :i* is good _c lie--^! are _! inexorable conclusions--t :i* be>s good fruit mu/ consequ5tly be true2 !re is no o!r crit]ion ( tru?4 444 ,b to ! ext5t to :i* improv+ acts z an argum5t1 det]iorat+ mu/ also act z a refutation4 ,! error c be %[n to be an error1 by exam9+ ! lives ( ^? :o repres5t x3 a false /ep1 a vice c refute4444 ,?is indec5t =m ( opposition1 :i* comes f bel[ & beh9d--! doglike k9d ( attack1 has n di$ out ei!r4 ,prie/s1 z psy*ologi/s1 nev] discov]$ any?+ m int]e/+ ?an spy+ out ! secret vices ( _! adv]s>ies--!y prove ,*ri/ianity by look+ ab\t = ! _w's fil?4 ,!y apply ?is pr9ciple m p>ticul>ly to ! greate/ on e>?1 to ! g5iuses3 read]s w rememb] h[ ,goe! has be5 attack$ on e conceivable occasion 9 ,g]many 7,klop/ock & ,h]d] 7 among ! fir/ to give a good example 9 ?is respect--birds ( a fea!r flock toge!r74 #cig4 ,"o mu/ be v immoral 9 ord] to make p moral by de$s4 ,! morali/'s means are ! mo/ t]rible t h ev] be5 us$2 he :o has n ! c\rage to be an immorali/ 9 de$s may be fit = any?+ else1 b n = ! duties ( a morali/4 ,morality is a m5ag]ie2 x assumes t iron b>s may be m useful ?an fre$om1 ev5 = ! creatures x imprisons2 x also assumes t !re are animal-tam]s ab\t :o d n %r9k f t]rible means1 & :o are acqua9t$ ) ! use ( r$-hot iron4 ,?is t]rible species1 :i* ent]s into a /ruggle ) ! wild animal1 is call$ prie/s4 999999 ,man1 inc>c]at$ 9 an iron cage ( errors1 has become a c>icature ( man2 he is sick1 emaciat$1 ill-dispos$ t[>ds himself1 fill$ ) a loa?+ ( ! impulses ( life1 fill$ ) a mi/ru/ ( all t is beautiful & happy 9 life--9 fact1 he is a w&]+ monum5t ( mis]y4 ,h[ %all we ev] succe$ 9 v9dicat+ ?is ph5om5on--?is artificial1 arbitr>y1 & rec5t misc>riage--! s9n]--:i* ! prie/s h br$ on _! t]ritory8 999999 ,9 ord] to ?9k fairly ( morality1 we mu/ put two biological notions 9 its place3 ! tam+ ( ! wild bea/s1 & ! re>+ ( a p>ticul> species4 ,! prie/s ( all ages h always pret5d$ t !y wi%$ to improve 444 ,b we1 ( ano!r p]suasion1 w\ld laugh if a lion-tam] ev] wi%$ to speak to u ( 8 improv$ animals4 ,z a rule1 ! tam+ ( a bea/ is only a*iev$ by det]iorat+ x3 ev5 ! moral man is n a bett] man2 he is r a weak] memb] ( 8 species4 ,b he is less h>mful4444 #cih4 ,:at ,i want to make cle>1 ) all ! means 9 my p[]1 is3-- 7a7 ,t !re is no worse confusion ?an t :i* conf\nds re>+ & tam+3 & ^! two ?+s h always be5 confus$4444 ,re>+1 z ,i und]/& x1 is a means ( husb&+ ! enorm\s p[]s ( humanity 9 su* a way t :ole g5]ations may build ^u ! f\ndations laid by _! prog5itors--n only outw>dly1 b inw>dly1 organically1 develop+ f ! already exi/+ /em & gr[+ /rong]4444 7b7 ,t !re is an exceptional dang] 9 believ+ t mank9d z a :ole is develop+ & gr[+ /rong]1 if individuals are se5 to gr[ m feeble & m equally m$iocre4 ,humanity--mank9d--is an ab/ract ?+3 ! object ( re>+1 ev5 9 reg>d to ! mo/ individual cases1 c only be ! /rong man 7! man :o has no bre$+ is weak1 dissipat$1 & un/able74 #f4 ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,criticism ,,( ,,morality4 #cii4 ,^! are ! ?+s ,i dem& ( y--h[ev] badly !y may s\nd 9 y\r e>s3 t y subject moral valuations !mselves to criticism4 ,t y %\ld put a /op to y\r in/9ctive moral impulse--:i* 9 ?is case dem&s submission & n criticism--) ! "q3 :y precisely submission8 ,t ?is ye>n+ = a :y8--= a criticism ( morality %\ld n only be y\r pres5t =m ( morality1 b ! sublime/ ( all moralities1 & an hon\r to ! age y live 94 ,t y\r hone/y1 y\r w1 may give an acc\nt ( itself1 & n deceive y3 :y n8--,be=e :at tribunal8 #djj4 ,! ?ree po/ulates3-- ,all t is ignoble is high 7! prote/ ( ! vulg> man74 ,all t is contr>y to ,nature is high 7! prote/ ( ! physiologically bot*$74 ,all t is ( av]age wor? is high 7! prote/ ( ! h]d1 ( ! m$iocre74 ,?us 9 ! hi/ory ( morality a w to p[] f9ds expression1 by means ( :i*1 ei!r ! slaves1 ! oppress$1 ! bungl$ & ! bot*$1 ^? t suff] f !mselves1 or ! m$iocre1 attempt to make ^? valuations prevail :i* fav\r _! exi/5ce4 ,f a biological /&po9t1 !re=e1 ! ph5om5on ,morality is ( a highly suspici\s nature4 ,up to ! pres5t1 morality has develop$ at ! co/ (3 ! rul+ classes & _! specific in/9cts1 ! well-con/itut$ & beautiful natures1 ! indep5d5t & privileg$ classes 9 all respects4 ,morality1 !n1 is a sort ( c\nt]-movem5t oppos+ ,nature's endeav\rs to arrive at a high] type4 ,its effects are3 mi/ru/ ( life 9 g5]al 79 s f> z its t5d5cies are felt to be immoral71 --ho/ility t[>ds ! s5ses 7inasmu* z ! highe/ values are felt to be oppos$ to ! high] in/9cts71--,deg5]ation & self-de/ruction ( high] natures1 because x is precisely 9 !m t ! conflict becomes consci\s4 #dja4 ,:i* values h be5 p>am\nt hi!rto8 ,morality z ! lead+ value 9 all phases ( philosophy 7ev5 ) ! ,sceptics74 ,result3 ?is _w is no good1 a true _w mu/ exi/ some:]e4 ,:at is x t "h det]m9es ! highe/ value8 ,:at1 9 soo?1 is morality8 ,! in/9ct ( decad5ce2 x is ! exhau/$ & ! dis9h]it$ :o take _! rev5ge 9 ?is way & play ! ma/]s4444 ,hi/orical pro(3 philosoph]s h always be5 decad5ts & always 9 ! pay ( ,nihili/ic religions4 ,! in/9ct ( decad5ce appe>s z ! w to p[]4 ,! introduction ( its sy/em ( means3 its means are absolutely immoral4 ,g5]al aspect3 ! values t h be5 highe/ hi!rto h be5 a special in/ance ( ! w to p[]2 morality itself is a p>ticul> in/ance ( immorality4 999999 ,:y ! ,antagoni/ic ,values always succumb$4 #a4 ,h[ 0 ?is actually possible6 ,"q3 :y did life & physiological well-con/itut$ness succumb ev]y:]e8 ,:y 0 !re no affirmative philosophy1 no affirmative religion8 ,! hi/orical signs ( su* movem5ts3 ! pagan religion4 ,dionysos v]sus ! ,*ri/4 ,! ,r5aissance4 ,art4 #b4 ,! /rong & ! weak3 ! heal?y & ! sick2 ! exception & ! rule4 ,!re is no d\bt z to :o is ! /rong]4444 ,g5]al view ( hi/ory2 ,is man an exception 9 ! hi/ory ( life on ?is acc\nt8--,an objection to ,d>w9ism4 ,! means :]e) ! weak succe$ 9 rul+ h become3 in/9cts1 humanity1 in/itutions4 444 #c4 ,! pro( ( ?is rule on ! "p ( ! weak is to be f\nd 9 our political in/9cts1 9 our social values1 9 our arts1 & 9 our sci5ce4 999999 ,! in/9cts ( decad5ce h become ma/] ( ! in/9cts ( asc5d+ life4444 ,! w to non5tity has prevail$ ov] ! w to life6 ,is ?is true8 is !re n p]haps a /rong] gu>antee ( life & ( ! species 9 ?is victory ( ! weak & ! m$iocre8--is x n p]haps only a means 9 ! collective movem5t ( life1 a m]e slack5+ ( ! pace1 a protective measure aga9/ some?+ ev5 m dang]\s8 ,suppose ! /rong 7 ma/]s 9 all respects1 ev5 9 valu+3 let u try & ?9k :at _! attitude w\ld be t[>ds illness1 suff]+1 & sacrifice6 ,self-contempt on ! "p ( ! weak w\ld be ! result3 !y w\ld d _! utmo/ to disappe> & to extirpate _! k9d4 ,& w\ld ?is be desirable8--%\ld we really l a _w 9 :i* ! subtlety1 ! consid]ation1 ! intellectuality1 ! pla/icity--9 fact1 ! :ole influ5ce ( ! weak--0 lack+8#i 444 ,we h se5 two wills to p[] at w> 79 ?is special case we _h a pr9ciple3 t ( agree+ ) ! "o t has hi!rto succumb$1 & ( disagree+ ) ! "o t has hi!rto triumph$73 we h recognis$ ! real _w z a _w ( lies & morality z a =m ( immorality4 ,we d n say ! /rong] is wrong4 ,we h und]/ood :at x is t has det]m9$ ! highe/ values hi!rto1 & :y ! latt] %\ld h prevail$ ov] ! opposite value3 x 0 num]ically ! /rong]4 ,if we n[ purify ! opposite value ( ! infection1 ! half-he>t$ness1 & ! deg5]ation1 ) :i* we id5tify x1 we re/ore ,nature to ! ?rone1 free f moralic acid4 ,footnote #i3 ,,translator',s ,,note4--,we realise "h ! great diff]5ce betwe5 ,nietzs*e & ^? :o draw premature conclusions f ,d>w9ism4 ,!re is no brutal solution ( mod]n problems 9 ,nietzs*e's philosophy4 ,he did n advocate any?+ s ridicul\s z ! total suppression ( ! weak & ! deg5]ate4 ,:at he wi%$ to resi/ & to ov]?r[ 0 _! supremacy1 _! excessive p[]4 ,he felt t !re 0 a desirable & /rong] type :i* 0 9 ne$ ( hav+ its hopes1 aspirations1 & in/9cts upheld 9 defiance ( ,*ri/ian values4 #djb4 ,morality1 a useful error2 or1 m cle>ly /ill1 a necess>y & exp$i5t lie accord+ to ! greate/ & mo/ imp>tial ( its support]s4 #djc4 ,"o ought to be able to ackn[l$ge ! tru? up to t po9t :]e "o is suffici5tly elevat$ no long] to require ! discipl9>y s*ool ( moral error4--,:5 "o judges life morally1 x disgu/s "o4 ,nei!r %\ld false p]sonalities be inv5t$2 "o %\ld n say1 = in/ance1 ,nature is cruel4 ,x is precisely :5 "o p]ceives t !re is no su* c5tral controll+ & responsible =ce t "o is reliev$6 ,evolution ( man4 ,a4 ,he tri$ to atta9 to a c]ta9 p[] ov] ,nature & ov] himself4 7,morality 0 necess>y 9 ord] to make man triumph 9 8 /ruggle ) ,nature & wild animals47 ,b4 ,if p[] ov] ,nature has be5 atta9$1 ?is p[] c be us$ z a help 9 our developm5t3 ,w to ,p[] z a self-enhanc+ & self-/r5g!n+ pr9ciple4 #djd4 ,morality may be reg>d$ z ! illusion ( a species1 fo/]$ ) ! view ( urg+ ! individual to sacrifice himself to ! future1 & seem+ly grant+ him su* a v great value1 t ) t self-consci\sness he may tyrannise ov]1 & con/ra91 o!r sides ( 8 nature1 & f9d x difficult to be pleas$ ) himself4 ,we ought to be mo/ pr(\ndly ?ankful = :at morality has done hi!rto3 b n[ x is no m ?an a burd5 :i* may prove fatal4 ,morality itself 9 ! =m ( hone/y urges u to d5y morality4 #dje4 ,to :at ext5t is ! self-de/ruction ( morality /ill a sign ( its own /r5g?8 ,we ,europeans h )9 u ! blood ( ^? :o 7 ready to die = _! fai?2 we h tak5 morality frightfully s]i\sly1 & !re is no?+ :i* we h n1 at "o "t1 sacrific$ to x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 our intellectual subtlety has be5 rea*$ ess5tially ?r\gh ! vivisection ( our consci5ces4 ,we d n yet "k ! :i!r t[>ds :i* we are urg+ our /eps1 n[ t we h dep>t$ f ! soil ( our =ebe>s4 ,b x 0 on ?is v soil t we acquir$ ! /r5g? :i* is n[ driv+ u f our homes 9 se>* ( adv5ture1 & x is ?anks to t /r5g? t we are n[ 9 mid-sea1 surr\nd$ by untri$ possibilities & ?+s undiscov]$--we c no long] *oose1 we mu/ be conqu]ors1 n[ t we h no l& 9 :i* we feel at home & 9 :i* we w\ld fa9 survive4 ,a conceal$ yea is driv+ u =w>d1 & x is /rong] ?an all our nays4 ,ev5 our /r5g? no long] be>s ) u 9 ! old swampy l&3 we v5ture out into ! op51 we attempt ! task4 ,! _w is /ill ri* & undiscov]$1 & ev5 to p]i% 7 bett] ?an to be half-m5 or poison\s m54 ,our v /r5g? itself urges u to take to ! sea2 !re :]e all suns h hi!rto sunk we "k ( a new _w4444 ,,iii4 ,,criticism ,,( ,,philosophy4 #a4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks4 #djf4 ,let u rid ourselves ( a few sup]/itions :i* h]et(ore h be5 fa%ionable among philosoph]s6 #djg4 ,philosoph]s are prejudic$ aga9/ appe>ance1 *ange1 pa91 dea?1 ! ?+s ( ! body1 ! s5ses1 fate1 bondage1 & all t :i* has no purpose4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y believe 93 absolute k1 7#b7 9 k = its own sake1 7#c7 9 virtue & happ9ess z necess>ily relat$1 7#d7 9 ! recognisability ( m5's acts4 ,!y are l$ by in/9ctive det]m9ations ( values1 9 :i* =m] cultures are reflect$ 7m dang]\s cultures too74 #djh4 ,:at h philosoph]s lack$6 7#a7 ,a s5se ( hi/ory1 7#b7 a k ( physiology1 7#c7 a goal 9 ! future4--,! ability to criticise )\t irony or moral condemnation4 #dji4 ,philosoph]s h _h 7#a7 f times immemorial a wond]ful capacity = ! contradictio 9 adjecto1 7#b7 !y h always tru/$ concepts z unconditionally z !y h mi/ru/$ ! s5ses3 x nev] seems to h occurr$ to !m t notions & words are our inh]itance ( pa/ ages 9 :i* ?9k+ 0 nei!r v cle> nor v exact4 ,:at seems to dawn ^u philosoph]s la/ ( all3 t !y mu/ no long] all[ !mselves to be pres5t$ ) concepts already conceiv$1 nor mu/ !y m]ely purify & poli% up ^? concepts2 b !y mu/ fir/ make !m1 create !m1 !mselves1 & !n pres5t !m & get p to accept !m4 ,up to ! pres5t1 p h tru/$ _! concepts g5]ally1 z if !y _h be5 a wond]ful d[ry f "s k9d ( wond]l&3 b !y con/itute ! inh]itance ( our mo/ remote1 mo/ fooli%1 & mo/ intellig5t =efa!rs4 ,?is piety t[>ds t :i* already exi/s 9 u is p]haps relat$ to ! moral elem5t 9 sci5ce4 ,:at we ne$$ above all is absolute scepticism t[>ds all traditional concepts 7l t :i* a c]ta9 philosoph] may already h possess$--& he 0 ,plato1 ( c\rse3 = he taught ! rev]se74 #daj4 ,pr(\ndly mi/ru/ful t[>ds ! dogmas ( ! !ory ( k1 ,i lik$ to look n[ out ( ?is w9d[1 n[ out ( t1 ?\gh ,i took good c>e n to become f9ally fix$ any:]e1 inde$ ,i %\ld h ?\ght x dang]\s to h done s--?\gh f9ally3 is x )9 ! range ( probabilities = an in/rum5t to criticise its own fitness8 ,:at ,i notic$ m p>ticul>ly 01 t no sci5tific scepticism or dogmatism has ev] aris5 q free f all arrires p5ses--t x has only a second>y value z soon z ! motive ly+ imm$iately beh9d x is discov]$4 ,fundam5tal aspect3 ,kant's1 ,hegel's1 ,s*op5hau]'s1 ! sceptical & epo*i/ical1 ! hi/orify+ & ! pessimi/ic attitudes--all h a moral orig94 ,i h f\nd no "o :o has d>$ to criticise ! moral valuations1 & ,i soon turn$ my back ^u ! meagre attempts t h be5 made to describe ! evolution ( ^! feel+s 7by ,engli% & ,g]man ,d>w9ians74 ,h[ c ,sp9oza's position1 8 d5ial & repudiation ( ! moral values1 be expla9$8 7,x 0 ! result ( 8 ,!odicy67 #daa4 ,morality reg>d$ z ! highe/ =m ( protection4--,our _w is ei!r ! "w & expression 7! modus7 ( ,god1 9 :i* case x mu/ be 9 ! highe/ degree p]fect 7,leibnitz's conclusion 44471--& no "o d\bt$ t he knew :at p]fection mu/ be l1--& !n all evil c only be app>5t 7,sp9oza is m radical1 he says ?is ( good & evil71 or x mu/ be a "p ( ,god's high purpose 7a consequ5ce ( a p>ticul>ly great m>k ( fav\r on ,god's "p1 :o ?us all[s man to *oose betwe5 good & evil3 ! privilege ( be+ no automaton2 fre$om1 ) ! ev]-pres5t dang] ( mak+ a mi/ake & ( *oos+ wrongly4444 ,see ,simplicius1 = in/ance1 9 ! comm5t>y to ,epictetus74 ,or our _w is imp]fect2 evil & guilt are real1 det]m9$1 & are absolutely inh]5t to its be+2 9 t case x _c be ! real _w3 consequ5tly k c only be a way ( d5y+ ! _w1 = ! latt] is error :i* may be recognis$ z su*4 ,?is is ,s*op5hau]'s op9ion1 bas$ ^u ,kantian fir/ pr9ciples4 ,pascal 0 /ill m desp]ate3 he ?\ght t ev5 k mu/ be corrupt & false--t revelation is a necessity if only 9 ord] to recognise t ! _w %\ld be d5i$4444 #dab4 ,ow+ to our habit ( believ+ 9 unconditional au?orities1 we h gr[n to feel a pr(\nd ne$ = !m3 inde$1 ?is feel+ is s /rong t1 ev5 9 an age ( criticism su* z ,kant's 01 x %[$ itself to be sup]ior to ! ne$ = criticism1 &1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 0 able to subject ! :ole "w ( critical acum51 & to conv]t x to its own use4 ,x prov$ its sup]iority once m 9 ! g5]ation :i* foll[$1 & :i*1 ow+ to its hi/orical in/9cts1 naturally felt itself drawn to a relative view ( all au?ority1 :5 x conv]t$ ev5 ! ,hegelian philosophy ( evolution 7hi/ory re*ri/5$ & call$ philosophy7 to its own use1 & repres5t$ hi/ory z be+ ! self-revelation & self-surpass+ ( moral ideas4 ,s9ce ,plato1 philosophy has la9 "u ! dom9ion ( morality4 ,ev5 9 ,plato's pr$ecessors1 moral int]pretations play a mo/ important rle 7,anaxim&] decl>es t all ?+s are made to p]i% z a puni%m5t = _! dep>ture f pure be+2 ,h]aclitus ?9ks t ! regul>ity ( ph5om5a is a pro( ( ! morally correct "* ( evolution 9 g5]al74 #dac4 ,! progress ( philosophy has be5 h9d]$ mo/ s]i\sly hi!rto ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( moral arrires-p5ses4 #dad4 ,9 all ages1 f9e feel+s h be5 reg>d$ z argum5ts1 heav+ brea/s h be5 ! bell[s ( godl9ess1 convictions h be5 ! crit]ia ( tru?1 & ! ne$ ( opposition has be5 ! note ( int]rogation affix$ to wisdom4 ,?is fals5ess & fraud p]meates ! :ole hi/ory ( philosophy4 ,b = a few respect$ sceptics1 no in/9ct = intellectual ,uprightness is to be f\nd any:]e4 ,f9ally1 ,kant guilelessly s\ght to make ?is ?9k]'s corruption sci5tific by means ( 8 concept1 practical reason4 ,he expressly inv5t$ a reason :i*1 9 c]ta9 cases1 w\ld all[ "o n to bo!r ab\t reason--t is to say1 9 cases :]e ! he>t's desire1 morality1 or duty are ! motive p[]4 #dae4 ,hegel3 8 popul> side1 ! doctr9e ( w> & ( great m54 ,"r is on ! side ( ! victori\s3 he 7! victori\s man7 /&s = ! progress ( mank9d4 ,8 is an attempt at prov+ ! dom9ion ( morality by means ( hi/ory4 ,kant3 a k+dom ( moral values )drawn f u1 invisible1 real4 ,hegel3 a demon/rable process ( evolution1 ! actualisation ( ! k+dom ( morality4 ,we %all n all[ ourselves to be deceiv$ ei!r 9 ,kant's or ,hegel's way3--,we no long] believe1 z !y did1 9 morality1 & !re=e h no philosophies to f\nd ) ! view ( ju/ify+ morality4 ,criticism & hi/ory h no *>m = u 9 ?is respect3 :at is _! *>m1 !n8 #daf4 ,! importance ( ,g]man philosophy 7,hegel17 ! ?9k+ out ( a k9d ( pan!ism :i* w\ld n reckon evil1 error1 & suff]+ z argum5ts aga9/ godl9ess4 ,?is gr& initiative 0 misus$ by ! p[]s t 7 7,/ate1 etc47 to sanction ! rights ( ! p t happ5$ to be p>am\nt4 ,s*op5hau] appe>s z a /ubborn oppon5t ( ?is idea2 he is a moral man :o1 9 ord] to keep 9 ! "r conc]n+ 8 moral valuation1 f9ally becomes a d5i] ( ! _w4 ,ultimately he becomes a my/ic4 ,i myself h s\ght an /hetic ju/ification ( ! ugl9ess 9 ?is _w4 ,i reg>d$ ! desire = beauty & = ! p]si/5ce ( c]ta9 =ms z a tempor>y pres]vative & recup]ative measure3 :at seem$ to me to be fundam5tally associat$ ) pa91 h[ev]1 0 ! et]nal lu/ ( creat+ & ! et]nal compulsion to de/roy4 ,we call ?+s ugly :5 we look at !m ) ! desire ( attribut+ "s s5se1 "s new s5se1 to :at has become s5seless3 x is ! accumulat$ p[] ( ! creator :i* compels him to reg>d :at has exi/$ hi!rto z no long] acceptable1 bot*$1 wor?y ( be+ suppress$--ugly6 #dag4 ,my fir/ solution ( ! problem3 ,dionysian wisdom4 ,! joy 9 ! de/ruction ( ! mo/ noble ?+1 & at ! sight ( its gradual undo+1 reg>d$ z ! joy ov] :at is com+ & :at lies 9 ! future1 :i* triumphs ov] actual ?+s1 h[ev] good !y may be4 ,dionysian3 tempor>y id5tification ) ! pr9ciple ( life 7voluptu\sness ( ! m>tyr includ$74 ,my innovations4 ,! ,developm5t ( ,pessimism3 intellectual pessimism2 moral criticism1 ! dissolution ( ! la/ com=t4 ,k1 a sign ( decay1 veils by means ( an illusion all /rong action2 isolat$ culture is unfair & !re=e /rong4 7#a7 ,my fight aga9/ decay & ! increas+ weakness ( p]sonality4 ,i s\ght a new c5trum4 7#b7 ,! impossibility ( ?is endeav\r is recognis$4 7#c7 ,i !re=e travell$ f>!r along ! road ( dissolution--& along x ,i f\nd new s\rces ( /r5g? = individuals4 ,we mu/ be de/roy]s6--,i p]ceiv$ t ! /ate ( dissolution is "o 9 :i* individual be+s are able to arrive at a k9d ( p]fection n possible hi!rto1 x is an image & isolat$ example ( life 9 g5]al4 ,to ! p>alys+ feel+ ( g5]al dissolution & imp]fection1 ,i oppos$ ! ,et]nal ,recurr5ce4 #dah4 ,p naturally seek ! picture ( life 9 t philosophy :i* makes !m mo/ *e]ful--t is to say1 9 t philosophy :i* gives ! highe/ s5se ( fre$om to _! /ronge/ in/9ct4 ,?is is probably ! case ) me4 #dai4 ,g]man philosophy1 z a :ole1--,leibnitz1 ,kant1 ,hegel1 ,s*op5hau]1 to m5tion ! greate/1--is ! mo/ out-&-out =m ( romanticism & home-sickness t has ev] yet exi/$3 x is a ye>n+ = ! be/ t has ev] be5 kn[n on e>?4 ,"o is at home n[h]e2 t :i* is ultimately ye>n$ aft] is a place :]e "o c someh[ feel at home2 because "o has be5 at home !re be=e1 & t place is ! ,greek _w6 ,b x is precisely 9 t direction t airbridges are brok5 d[n--save1 ( c\rse1 ! ra9b[ ( concepts6 ,& ! latt] lead ev]y:]e1 to all ! homes & fa!rl&s t ev] exi/$ = ,greek s\ls6 ,c]ta9ly1 "o mu/ be v light & ?9 9 ord] to cross ^! bridges6 ,b :at happ9ess lies ev5 9 ?is desire = spirituality1 almo/ = gho/l9ess6 ,) x1 h[ f> "o is f ! press & bu/le & ! me*anical boori%ness ( ! natural sci5ces1 h[ f> f ! vulg> d9 ( mod]n ideas6 ,"o wants to get back to ! ,greeks via ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 f ,nor? to ,s\?1 f =mul to =ms2 ! passage out ( antiquity--,*ri/ianity--is /ill a s\rce ( joy z a means ( access to antiquity1 z a portion ( ! old _w itself1 z a gli/5+ mosaic ( anci5t concepts & anci5t valuations4 ,arabesques1 scroll-"w1 rococo ( s*ola/ic ab/ractions--always bett]1 t is to say1 f9] & m sl5d]1 ?an ! peasant & plebeian reality ( ,nor!rn ,europe1 & /ill a prote/ on ! "p ( high] intellectuality aga9/ ! peasant w> & insurrection ( ! mob :i* h become ma/] ( ! intellectual ta/e ( ,nor!rn ,europe1 & :i* _h its lead] 9 a man z great & un9tellectual z ,lu!r3--9 ?is respect ,g]man philosophy belongs to ! ,c\nt]-,re=mation1 x might ev5 be look$ ^u z relat$ to ! ,r5aissance1 or at lea/ to ! w to ,r5aissance1 ! w to get ahead ) ! discov]y ( antiquity1 ) ! excavation ( anci5t philosophy1 & above all ( pre-,socratic philosophy--! mo/ ?or\ghly dilapidat$ ( all ,greek temples6 ,possibly1 9 few hundr$ ye>s1 p w be ( ! op9ion t all ,g]man philosophy d]iv$ its dignity f ?is fact1 t /ep by /ep x attempt$ to reclaim ! soil ( antiquity1 & t !re=e all dem&s = orig9ality mu/ appe> bo? petty & fooli% :5 comp>$ ) ,g]many's high] claim to hav+ refa/5$ ! bonds :i* seem$ = ev] r5t--! bonds :i* b\nd u to ! ,greeks1 ! highe/ type ( m5 ev] evolv$ hi!rto4 ,to-day we are once m approa*+ all ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! cosmogony :i* ! ,greek m9d 9 ,anaxim&]1 ,h]aclitus1 ,p>m5ides1 ,emp$ocles1 ,democritus1 & ,anaxagoras1 0 responsible =4 ,day by day we are gr[+ m ,greek2 at fir/1 z is only natural1 ! *ange rema9s conf9$ to concepts & valuations1 & we hov] ar\nd l ,greas+ spirits3 b x is to be hop$ t "s day our body w also be involv$6 ,"h lies 7& has always la97 my hope = ! ,g]man nation4 #dbj4 ,i d n wi% to conv]t anybody to philosophy3 x is bo? necess>y & p]haps desirable t ! philosoph] %\ld be a r>e plant4 ,no?+ is m repugnant to me ?an ! s*ol>ly praise ( philosophy :i* is to be f\nd 9 ,s5eca & ,cic]o4 ,philosophy has n mu* 9 common ) virtue4 ,i tru/ ,i may be all[$ to say t ev5 ! sci5tific man is a fundam5tally diff]5t p]son f ! philosoph]4 ,:at ,i mo/ desire is1 t ! g5u9e notion philosoph] %\ld n completely p]i% 9 ,g]many4 ,!re are s _m incomplete creatures 9 ,g]many already :o w\ld fa9 conceal _! ineptitude b5ea? su* noble names4 #dba4 ,i mu/ set up ! highe/ ideal ( a philosoph]4 ,le>n+ is n ev]y?+6 ,! s*ol> is ! %eep 9 ! k+dom ( le>n+2 he /udies because he is told to d s1 & because o!rs h done s be=e him4 #dbb4 ,! sup]/ition conc]n+ philosoph]s3 ,!y are conf\nd$ ) m5 ( sci5ce4 ,z if ! value ( ?+s 7 inh]5t 9 !m & requir$ only to be held on to tightly6 ,to :at ext5t are _! rese>*es c>ri$ on "u ! influ5ce ( values :i* already prevail 7_! hatr$ ( appe>ance ( ! body1 etc478 ,s*op5hau] conc]n+ morality 7scorn ( ,utilit>ianism74 ,ultimately ! confusion goes s f> t ,d>w9ism is reg>d$ z philosophy1 & ?us at ! pres5t day p[] has gone ov] to ! m5 ( sci5ce4 ,ev5 ,fr5*m5 l ,ta9e prosecute rese>*1 or mean to prosecute rese>*1 )\t be+ already 9 possession ( a /&>d ( valuation4 ,pro/ration be=e facts ( a k9d ( cult4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !y de/roy ! exi/+ valuations4 ,! explanation ( ?is misund]/&+4 ,! man :o is able to comm& is a r>e ph5om5on2 he mis9t]prets himself4 ,:at "o wants to d1 above all1 is to disclaim all au?ority & to attribute x to circum/ances4 ,9 ,g]many ! critic's e/imations belong to ! hi/ory ( awak5+ manhood4 ,less+1 etc4 7,napoleon conc]n+ ,goe!74 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! movem5t is aga9 made retrograde ow+ to ,g]man romanticism3 & ! fame ( ,g]man philosophy relies ^u x z if x dissipat$ ! dang] ( scepticism & c\ld demon/rate fai?4 ,bo? t5d5cies culm9ate 9 ,hegel3 at bottom1 :at he did 0 to g5]alise ! fact ( ,g]man criticism & ! fact ( ,g]man romanticism1--a k9d ( dialectical fatalism1 b to ! hon\r ( intellectuality1 ) ! actual submission ( ! philosoph] to reality4 ,! critic prep>es ! way3 t is all6 ,) ,s*op5hau] ! philosoph]'s mission dawns2 x is felt t ! object is to det]m9e values2 /ill "u ! dom9ion ( eudemonism4 ,! ideal ( ,pessimism4 #dbc4 ,!ory & practice4--,?is is a p]nici\s di/9ction1 z if !re 7 an in/9ct ( k1 :i*1 )\t inquir+ into ! utility or h>mfulness ( a ?+1 bl9dly *>g$ at ! tru?2 & !n t1 ap>t f ?is in/9ct1 !re 7 ! :ole _w ( practical int]e/s4 ,9 contradiction ( ?is1 ,i try to %[ :at in/9cts are active beh9d all ^! pure !ori/s1--& h[ ! latt]1 z a :ole1 "u ! dom9ion ( _! in/9cts1 fatally make = some?+ :i* to _! m9ds is tru?1 to _! m9ds & only to _! m9ds4 ,! /ruggle betwe5 sy/ems1 toge!r ) ! /ruggle betwe5 epi/emological scruples1 is "o :i* involves v special in/9cts 7=ms ( vitality1 ( decl9e1 ( classes1 ( races1 etc474 ,! s-call$ ?ir/ = k may be trac$ to ! lu/ ( appropriation & ( conque/3 9 ob$i5ce to ?is lu/ ! s5ses1 memory1 & ! in/9cts1 etc41 7 develop$4 ,! quicke/ possible r$uction ( ! ph5om5a1 economy1 ! accumulation ( spoil f ! _w ( k 7i4e4 t portion ( ! _w :i* has be5 appropriat$ & made manageable74444 ,morality is !re=e su* a curi\s sci5ce1 because x is 9 ! highe/ degree practical3 ! purely sci5tific position1 sci5tific uprightness1 is ?us imm$iately ab&on$1 z soon z morality calls = replies to its que/ions4 ,morality says3 ,i require c]ta9 answ]s--reasons1 argum5ts2 scruples may come aft]w>ds1 or !y may n come at all4 ,h[ mu/ "o act8 ,if "o consid]s t "o is deal+ ) a supremely evolv$ type--a type :i* has be5 dealt ) = c\ntless ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & 9 :i* ev]y?+ has become in/9ct1 exp$i5cy1 automatism1 fatality1 ! urg5cy ( ?is moral "q seems r funny4 ,h[ mu/ "o act8 ,morality has always be5 a subject ( misund]/&+3 z a matt] ( fact1 a c]ta9 species1 :i* 0 con/itut$ to act 9 a c]ta9 way1 wi%$ to ju/ify itself by mak+ its norm p>am\nt4 ,h[ mu/ "o act8 ?is is n a cause1 b an effect4 ,morality foll[s1 ! ideal comes fir/4444 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! appe>ance ( moral scruples 7or 9 o!r words1 ! com+ to consci\sness ( ! values :i* guide action7 betray a c]ta9 morbidness2 /rong ages & p d n pond] ov] _! rights1 nor ov] ! pr9ciples ( action1 ov] in/9ct or ov] reason4 ,consci\sness is a sign t ! real morality--t is to say1 ! c]ta9ty ( in/9ct :i* leads to a def9ite c\rse ( action--is go+ to ! dogs4444 ,e "t a new _w ( consci\sness is creat$1 ! morali/s are signs ( a lesion1 ( impov]i%m5t & ( disorganisation4 ,^? :o are deeply in/9ctive fe> b&y+ words ov] duties3 among !m are f\nd pyrrhonic oppon5ts ( dialectics & ( kn[abl5ess 9 g5]al4444 ,a virtue is refut$ ) a =4 444 ,!sis3 ,! appe>ance ( morali/s belongs to p]iods :5 morality is decl9+4 ,!sis3 ,! morali/ is a dissipator ( moral in/9cts1 h[ev] mu* he may appe> to be _! re/or]4 ,!sis3 ,t :i* really prompts ! action ( a morali/ is n a moral in/9ct1 b ! in/9cts ( decad5ce1 translat$ into ! =ms ( morality 7he reg>ds ! gr[+ unc]ta9ty ( ! in/9cts z corruption74 ,!sis3 ,! in/9cts ( decad5ce :i*1 ?anks to morali/s1 wi% to become ma/] ( ! in/9ctive morality ( /rong] races & ages1 are3-- 7#a7 ,! in/9cts ( ! weak & ( ! bot*$2 7#b7 ,! in/9cts ( ! exceptions1 ( ! an*orites1 ( ! unh+$1 ( ! abortions ( quality or ( ! rev]se2 7#c7 ,! in/9cts ( ! habitually suff]+1 :o require a noble int]pretation ( _! condition1 & :o !re=e require to be z poor physiologi/s z possible4 #dbd4 ,! humbug ( ! sci5tific _s4--,"o %\ld n affect ! _s ( sci5ce1 :5 ! "t to be sci5tific is n yet at h&2 b ev5 ! g5u9e inve/igator has to ab&on vanity1 & has to affect a c]ta9 k9d ( me?od :i* is n yet seasonable4 ,nei!r %\ld we falsify ?+s & ?\ghts1 :i* we h arriv$ at diff]5tly1 by means ( a false arrangem5t ( d$uction & dialectics4 ,x is ?us t ,kant 9 8 morality falsifies 8 inn] t5d5cy to psy*ology2 a m mod]n example ( ! same ?+ is ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s ,e?ics4 ,a man %\ld nei!r conceal nor misrepres5t ! facts conc]n+ ! way 9 :i* he conceiv$ 8 ?\ghts4 ,! deepe/ & mo/ inexhau/ible books w c]ta9ly always h some?+ ( ! aphori/ic & impetu\s "* ( ,pascal's ,p5ses4 ,! motive =ces & valuations h la9 long bel[ ! surface2 t :i* comes upp]mo/ is _! effect4 ,i gu>d aga9/ all ! humbug ( a false sci5tific _s3-- 7#a7 ,9 respect ( ! mann] ( demon/ration1 if x does n correspond to ! g5esis ( ! ?\ghts2 7#b7 ,9 respect ( ! dem&s = me?ods :i*1 at a giv5 p]iod 9 sci5ce1 may be q impossible2 7#c7 ,9 respect ( ! dem& = objectivity = cold imp]sonal treatm5t1 :]e1 z 9 ! case ( all valuations1 we describe ourselves & our intimate exp]i5ces 9 a c\ple ( words4 ,!re are ludicr\s =ms ( vanity1 z1 = in/ance1 ,sa9te-,beuve's4 ,he actually worri$ himself all 8 life because he _h %[n "s w>m? or passion ei!r pro or con1 & he w\ld fe9 h li$ t fact out ( 8 life4 #dbe4 ,objectivity 9 ! philosoph]3 moral indiff]5ce 9 reg>d to "o's self1 bl9dness 9 reg>d to ei!r fav\rable or fetal circum/ances4 ,unscrupul\sness 9 ! use ( dang]\s means2 p]v]sity & complexity ( "* consid]$ z an advantage & exploit$4 ,my pr(\nd indiff]5ce to myself3 ,i refuse to d]ive any advantage f my k1 nor d ,i wi% to escape any disadvantages :i* x may entail4--,i include among ^! disadvantages t :i* is call$ ! p]v]sion ( "*2 ?is prospect is beside ! po9t3 ,i use my "*1 b ,i try nei!r to und]/& x nor to *ange x--! p]sonal calculation ( virtue has n ent]$ my head once4 ,x /rikes me t "o closes ! doors ( k z soon z "o becomes int]e/$ 9 "o's own p]sonal case--or ev5 9 ! ,salvation ( "o's s\l6444 ,"o %\ld n take "o's morality too s]i\sly1 nor %\ld "o =feit a mode/ "r to ! opposite ( morality4444 ,a sort ( h]itage ( morality is p]haps presuppos$ "h3 "o feels t "o c be lavi% ) x & fl+ a great deal ( x out ( ! w9d[ )\t mat]ially r$uc+ "o's means4 ,"o is nev] tempt$ to admire beautiful s\ls1 "o always kn[s "o's self to be _! sup]ior4 ,! mon/]s ( virtue %\ld be met ) inn] scorn2 dniais] la v]tu--,oh1 ! joy ( x6 ,"o %\ld revolve r\nd "o's self1 h no desire to be bett] or any?+ else at all ?an "o is4 ,"o %\ld be too int]e/$ to omit ?r[+ ! t5tacles or me%es ( e morality out to ?+s4 #dbf4 ,conc]n+ ! psy*ology ( philosoph]s4 ,!y %\ld be psy*ologi/s--?is 0 possible only f ! n9ete5? c5tury onw>ds--& no long] little ,jack ,hom]s1 :o see ?ree or f\r feet 9 front ( !m1 & are almo/ satisfi$ to burr[ inside !mselves4 ,we psy*ologi/s ( ! future are n v int5t on self-contemplation3 we reg>d x almo/ z a sign ( deg5]ation :5 an in/rum5t endeav\rs to "k itself3#aj we are in/rum5ts ( k & we w\ld fa9 possess all ! precision & +5u\sness ( an in/rum5t--consequ5tly we may n analyse or "k ourselves4 ,! fir/ sign ( a great psy*ologi/'s self-pres]vative in/9ct3 he nev] goes 9 se>* ( himself1 he has no eye1 no int]e/1 no inquisitiv5ess :]e he himself is conc]n$4444 ,! great egoism ( our dom9at+ w insi/s on our completely %utt+ our eyes to ourselves1 & on our appe>+ imp]sonal1 dis9t]e/$6--,oh to :at a ridicul\s degree we are ! rev]se ( ?is6 ,we are no ,pascals1 we are n p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! ,salvation ( ! s\l1 9 our own happ9ess1 & 9 our own virtue4--,we h nei!r en\gh "t nor en\gh curiosity to be s conc]n$ ) ourselves4 ,reg>d$ m deeply1 ! case is aga9 diff]5t1 we ?or\ghly mi/ru/ all m5 :o ?us contemplate _! own navels3 because introspection seems to u a deg5]ate =m ( ! psy*ologi/'s g5ius1 z a note ( int]rogation affix$ to ! psy*ologi/'s in/9ct3 j z a pa9t]'s eye is deg5]ate :i* is actuat$ by ! w to see = ! sake ( see+4 ,footnote #aj3 ,,translator',s ,,note4--,goe! inv>iably inveigh$ aga9/ ! gnoti seauton ( ! ,socratic s*ool2 he 0 ( ! op9ion t an animal :i* tries to see its inn] self mu/ be sick4 #b4 ,a ,,criticism ,,( ,,greek ,,philosophy4 #dbg4 ,! app>ition ( ,greek philosoph]s s9ce ! "t ( ,socrates is a symptom ( decad5ce2 ! anti-,hell5ic in/9cts become p>am\nt4 ,! ,sophi/ is /ill q ,hell5ic--z are also ,anaxagoras1 ,democritus1 & ! great ,ionians2 b only z transitional =ms4 ,! polis loses its fai? 9 ! unity ( its culture1 9 its rights ( dom9ion ov] e o!r polis4444 ,cultures1 t is to say1 ! gods1 are ex*ang$1 & ?us ! belief 9 ! exclusive pr]ogative ( ! deus auto*?onus is lo/4 ,good & ,evil ( :atev] orig9 get mix$3 ! b\nd>ies sep>at+ good f evil gradually vani%4444 ,?is is ! ,sophi/4 444 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! philosoph] is ! reaction>y3 he insi/s ^u ! old virtues4 ,he sees ! reason ( decay 9 ! decay ( in/itutions3 he !re=e wi%es to revive old in/itutions2--he sees decay 9 ! decl9e ( au?ority3 he !re=e endeav\rs to f9d new au?orities 7he travels abroad1 explores =eign lit]ature & exotic religions444472--he w re9/ate ! ideal polis1 aft] ! concept polis has become sup]annuat$ 7j1 z ! ,jews kept !mselves toge!r z a p aft] !y _h fall5 into slav]y74 ,!y become int]e/$ 9 all tyrants3 _! desire is to re-e/abli% virtue ) =ce majeure4 ,gradually ev]y?+ g5u9ely ,hell5ic is held responsible = ! /ate ( decay 7& ,plato is j z ungrateful to ,p]icles1 ,hom]1 trag$y1 & rhetoric z ! prophets are to ,david & ,saul74 ,! d[nfall ( ,greece is conceiv$ z an objection to ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,hell5ic culture3 ! pr(\nd error ( philosoph]s--,conclusion3 ! ,greek _w p]i%es4 ,! cause !re(3 ,hom]1 my?ology1 anci5t morality1 etc4 ,! anti-,hell5ic developm5t ( philosoph]s' valuations3--! ,egyptian influ5ce 7,life aft] dea? made into law444472--! ,semitic influ5ce 7! dignity ( ! sage1 ! ,%eik72--! ,py?agorean influ5ce1 ! subt]ranean cults1 ,sil5ce1 means ( t]rorisation consi/+ ( appeals to a ,beyond1 ma!matics3 ! religi\s valuation consi/+ ( a sort ( intimacy ) a cosmic entity2--! sac]dotal1 ascetic1 & transc5d5tal influ5ces2--! dialectical influ5ce1--,i am ( op9ion t ev5 ,plato already betrays revolt+ & p$antic meticul\sness 9 8 concepts6--,decl9e ( good intellectual ta/e3 ! hateful nois9ess ( e k9d ( direct dialectics seems no long] to be felt4 ,! two decad5t t5d5cies & extremes run side by side3 7a7 ! luxuriant & m *>m+ k9d ( decad5ce :i* %[s a love ( pomp & art1 & 7b7 ! gloomy k9d1 ) its religi\s & moral pa?os1 its /oical self-h>d5+ t5d5cy1 its ,platonic d5ial ( ! s5ses1 & its prep>ation ( ! soil = ! com+ ( ,*ri/ianity4 #dbh4 ,to :at ext5t psy*ologi/s h be5 corrupt$ by ! moral idiosyncrasy6--,n "o ( ! anci5t philosoph]s _h ! c\rage to advance ! !ory ( ! non-free w 7t is to say1 ! !ory t d5ies morality72--n "o _h ! c\rage to id5tify ! typical feature ( happ9ess1 ( e k9d ( happ9ess pleasure71 ) ! w to p[]3 = ! pleasure ( p[] 0 consid]$ immoral2--n "o _h ! c\rage to reg>d virtue z a result ( immorality 7z a result ( a w to p[]7 9 ! s]vice ( a species 7or ( a race1 or ( a polis72 = ! w to p[] 0 consid]$ immoral4 ,9 ! :ole ( moral evolution1 !re is no sign ( tru?3 all ! conceptual elem5ts :i* come into play are fictions2 all ! psy*ological t5ets are false2 all ! =ms ( logic employ$ 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( prev>ication are sophisms4 ,! *ief feature ( all moral philosoph]s is _! total lack ( intellectual cleanl9ess & self-control3 !y reg>d f9e feel+s z argum5ts3 _! heav+ brea/s seem to !m ! bell[s ( godl9ess4444 ,moral philosophy is ! mo/ suspici\s p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human intellect4 ,! fir/ great example3 9 ! "n ( morality & "u its patronage1 a great wrong 0 committ$1 :i* z a matt] ( fact 0 9 e respect an act ( decad5ce4 ,suffici5t /ress _c be laid ^u ?is fact1 t ! great ,greek philosoph]s n only repres5t$ ! decad5ce ( e k9d ( ,greek ability1 b also made x contagi\s4444 ,?is virtue made :olly ab/ract 0 ! highe/ =m ( s$uction2 to make oneself ab/ract means to turn "o's back on ! _w4 ,! mom5t is a v rem>kable "o3 ! ,sophi/s are )9 sight ( ! fir/ criticism ( morality1 ! fir/ k ( morality3--!y classify ! majority ( moral valuations 79 view ( _! dep5d5ce ^u local conditions7 toge!r2--!y lead "o to und]/& t e =m ( morality is capable ( be+ upheld dialectically3 t is to say1 !y guess$ t all ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( a morality mu/ be sophi/ical--a proposition :i* 0 aft]w>ds prov$ 9 ! gr&e/ possible /yle by ! anci5t philosoph]s f ,plato onw>ds 7up to ,kant72--!y po/ulate ! prim>y tru? t !re is no su* ?+ z a moral p] se1 a good p] se1 & t x is madness to talk ( tru? 9 ?is respect4 ,:]ev] 0 intellectual uprightness to be f\nd 9 ^? days8 ,! ,greek culture ( ! ,sophi/s _h gr[n out ( all ! ,greek in/9cts2 x belongs to ! culture ( ! age ( ,p]icles z necess>ily z ,plato does n3 x has its pr$ecessors 9 ,h]aclitus1 ,democritus1 & 9 ! sci5tific types ( ! old philosophy2 x f9ds expression 9 ! elevat$ culture ( ,?ucydides1 = in/ance4 ,&--x has ultimately %[n itself to be "r3 e /ep 9 ! sci5ce ( epi/emology & morality has confirm$ ! attitude ( ! ,sophi/s4444 ,our mod]n attitude ( m9d is1 to a great ext5t1 ,h]aclitean1 ,democritean1 & ,protagorean 444 to say t x is ,protagorean is ev5 suffici5t3 because ,protagoras 0 9 himself a syn!sis ( ! two m5 ,h]aclitus & ,democritus4 7,plato3 a great ,caglio/ro1--let u ?9k ( h[ ,epicurus judg$ him2 h[ ,timon1 ,pyrrho's fri5d1 judg$ him----,is ,plato's integrity by any *ance beyond "q8444 ,b we at lea/ "k :at he wi%$ to h taught z absolute tru?--namely1 ?+s :i* 7 to him n ev5 relative tru?s3 ! sep>ate & immortal life ( s\ls47 #dbi4 ,! ,sophi/s are no?+ m1 nor less ?an reali/s3 !y elevate all ! values & practices :i* are common prop]ty to ! rank ( values--!y h ! c\rage1 peculi> to all /rong intellects1 :i* consi/s 9 kn[+ _! immorality4444 ,is x to be suppos$ t ^! small ,greek indep5d5t republics1 s fill$ ) rage & envy t !y w\ld fa9 h dev\r$ ea* o!r1 7 l$ by pr9ciples ( humanity & hone/y8 ,is ,?ucydides by any *ance reproa*$ ) ! words he puts into ! m\?s ( ! ,a!nian ambassadors :5 !y 7 treat+ ) ! ,melii an5t ! "q ( de/ruction or submission8 ,only ! mo/ p]fect ,t>tuffes c\ld h be5 able to speak ( virtue 9 ! mid/ ( t dreadful /ra9--or if n ,t>tuffes1 at lea/ deta*$ philosoph]s1 an*orites1 exiles1 & fle]s f reality4444 ,all ( !m1 p :o d5i$ ?+s 9 ord] to be able to exi/4 ,! ,sophi/s 7 ,greeks3 :5 ,socrates & ,plato adopt$ ! cause ( virtue & ju/ice1 !y 7 ,jews or ,i "k n :at4 ,grote's tactics 9 ! def5ce ( ! ,sophi/s are false3 he w\ld l to raise !m to ! rank ( m5 ( hon\r & moralis]s--b x 0 _! hon\r n to indulge 9 any humbug ) gr& words & virtues4 #dcj4 ,! great reasonabl5ess und]ly+ all moral education lay 9 ! fact t x always attempt$ to atta9 to ! c]ta9ty ( an in/9ct3 s t nei!r good int5tions nor good means1 z su*1 fir/ requir$ to ent] consci\sness4 ,j z ! soldi] le>ns 8 ex]cises1 s %\ld man le>n h[ to act 9 life4 ,9 tru? ?is unconsci\sness belongs to e k9d ( p]fection3 ev5 ! ma!matician c>ries out 8 calculations unconsci\sly4444 ,:at1 !n1 does ,socrates' reaction mean1 :i* recomm5d$ dialectics z ! way to virtue1 & :i* 0 *>m$ :5 morality 0 unable to ju/ify itself logically8 ,b ?is is precisely :at proves its sup]iority--)\t unconsci\sness x is wor? no?+6 ,9 reality x means ! dissolution ( ,greek in/9cts1 :5 demon/rability is posit$ z ! fir/ condition ( p]sonal excell5ce 9 virtue4 ,all ^! great m5 ( virtue & ( words are !mselves types ( dissolution4 ,9 practice1 x means t moral judgm5ts h be5 torn f ! conditions among :i* !y grew & 9 :i* alone !y _h "s s5se1 f _! ,greek & ,grco-political soil1 9 ord] to be d5aturalis$ "u ! cov] ( be+ made sublime4 ,! great concepts good & j are divorc$ f ! fir/ pr9ciples ( :i* !y =m a "p1 &1 z ideas become free1 deg5]ate into subjects = discussion4 ,a c]ta9 tru? is s\ght beh9d !m2 !y are reg>d$ z entities or z symbols ( entities3 a _w is inv5t$ :]e !y are at home1 & f :i* !y are suppos$ to hail4 ,9 %ort3 ! sc&al rea*es its apo!osis 9 ,plato4444 ,& !n x 0 necess>y to inv5t ! p]fectly ab/ract man also3--good1 j1 wise1 & a dialectician to boot--9 %ort1 ! sc>ecr[ ( ! anci5t philosoph]3 a plant )\t any soil :atsoev]2 a human race devoid ( all def9ite rul+ in/9cts2 a virtue :i* ju/ifies itself ) reasons4 ,! p]fectly absurd individual p] se6 ! highe/ =m ( ,artificiality4444 ,briefly1 ! d5aturalisation ( moral values result$ 9 ! creation ( a deg5]ate type ( man--! good man1 ! happy man1 ! wise man4--,socrates repres5ts a mom5t ( ! mo/ pr(\nd p]v]sity 9 ! hi/ory ( values4 #dca4 ,socrates4--,?is ve]+ r\nd ( ,greek ta/e 9 fav\r ( dialectics is a great "q4 ,:at really happ5$ !n8 ,socrates1 ! roturi] :o 0 responsible = x1 0 ?us able to triumph ov] a m noble ta/e1 ! ta/e ( ! noble3--! mob gets ! upp] h& along ) dialectics4 ,previ\s to ,socrates dialectic mann]s 7 repudiat$ 9 good society2 !y 7 reg>d$ z indec5t2 ! y\?s 7 ,w>n$ aga9/ !m4 ,:at 0 ! purpose ( ?is display ( reasons8 ,:y demon/rate8 ,aga9/ o!rs "o c\ld use au?ority4 ,"o comm&$1 & t suffic$4 ,among fri5ds1 int] p>es1 !re 0 tradition--also a =m ( au?ority3 & la/ b n lea/1 "o und]/ood ea* o!r4 ,!re 0 no room f\nd = dialectics4 ,besides1 all su* modes ( pres5t+ reasons 7 di/ru/$4 ,all hone/ ?+s d n c>ry _! reasons 9 _! h&s 9 su* fa%ion4 ,x is indec5t to %[ all ! five f+]s at ! same "t4 ,t :i* c be demon/rat$ is little wor?4 ,! in/9ct ( e p>ty-speak] tells him t dialectics excites mi/ru/ & c>ries little conviction4 ,no?+ is m easily wip$ away ?an ! effect ( a dialectician4 ,x c only be a la/ def5ce4 ,"o mu/ be 9 an extremity2 x is necess>y to h to extort "o's rights2 o!rwise "o makes no use ( dialectics4 ,t is :y ! ,jews 7 dialecticians1 ,reyn>d ! ,fox 0 a dialectician1 & s 0 ,socrates4 ,z a dialectician a p]son has a m]ciless in/rum5t 9 8 h&3 he c play ! tyrant ) x2 he compromises :5 he conqu]s4 ,! dialectician leaves x to 8 oppon5t to demon/rate t he is n an idiot2 he is made furi\s & helpless1 :ile ! dialectician himself rema9s calm & /ill possess$ ( 8 triumphant reason+ p[]s--he p>alyses 8 oppon5t's intellect4--,! dialectician's irony is a =m ( mob-rev5ge3 ! f]ocity ( ! oppress$ lies 9 ! cold knife-cuts ( ! syllogism4444 ,9 ,plato1 z 9 all m5 ( excessive s5suality & wild fancies1 ! *>m ( concepts 0 s great1 t he involunt>ily hon\r$ & deifi$ ! concept z a =m ( ideal4 ,dialectical intoxication3 z ! consci\sness ( be+ able to ex]cise control ov] "o's self by means ( x--z an in/rum5t ( ! ,w to ,p[]4 #dcb4 ,! problem ( ,socrates4--,! two anti!ses3 ! tragic & ! ,socratic spirits--measur$ accord+ to ! law ( ,life4 ,to :at ext5t is ! ,socratic _s a decad5t ph5om5on8 to :at ext5t are robu/ heal? & p[] /ill reveal$ by ! :ole attitude ( ! sci5tific man1 8 dialectics1 8 ability1 & 8 sev]ity8 7! heal? ( ! plebeian2 ^: malice1 esprit frondeur1 ^: a/ut5ess1 ^: rascally dep?s1 are held 9 *eck by 8 clev]ness2 ! :ole type is ugly74 ,uglification3 self-d]ision1 dialectical dryness1 intellig5ce 9 ! =m ( a tyrant aga9/ ! tyrant 7in/9ct74 ,ev]y?+ 9 ,socrates is exagg]ation1 ecc5tricity1 c>icature2 he is a buffoon ) ! blood ( ,voltaire 9 8 ve9s4 ,he discov]s a new =m ( agon2 he is ! fir/ f5c+-ma/] 9 ! sup]ior class$ ( ,a!ns2 he /&s = no?+ else ?an ! highe/ =m ( clev]ness3 he calls x virtue 7he reg>d$ x z a means ( salvation2 he did n *oose to be clev]1 clev]ness 0 de rigueur72 ! prop] ?+ is to control "o's self 9 su*wise t "o ent]s into a /ruggle n ) passions b ) reasons z "o's weapons 7,sp9oza's /ratagem--! unravelm5t ( ! errors ( passion72--x is desirable to discov] h[ e "o may be caught once he is goad$ into a passion1 & to "k h[ illogically passion proce$s2 self-mock]y is practis$ 9 ord] to injure ! v roots ( ! feel+s ( res5tm5t4 ,x is my wi% to und]/& :i* idiosyncratic /ates =m a "p ( ! ,socratic problem3 its association ( reason1 virtue1 & happ9ess4 ,) ?is absurd doctr9e ( ! id5tity ( ^! ?+s x succe$$ 9 *>m+ ! _w3 anci5t philosophy c\ld n rid itself ( ?is doctr9e4444 ,absolute lack ( objective int]e/3 hatr$ ( sci5ce3 ! idiosyncrasy ( consid]+ "o's self a problem4 ,ac\/ic halluc9ations 9 ,socrates3 morbid elem5t4 ,:5 ! intellect is ri* & indep5d5t1 x mo/ /rongly resi/s preoccupy+ itself ) morality4 ,h[ is x t ,socrates is a moral-maniac8--,e practical philosophy imm$iately /eps into ! =egr\nd 9 times ( di/ress4 ,:5 morality & religion become ! *ief int]e/s ( a community1 !y are signs ( a /ate ( di/ress4 #dcc4 ,intellig5ce1 cle>ness1 h>dness1 & logic z weapons aga9/ ! wildness ( ! in/9cts4 ,! latt] mu/ be dang]\s & mu/ ?reat5 ru91 o!rwise no purpose c be s]v$ by develop+ intellig5ce to ?is degree ( tyranny4 ,9 ord] to make a tyrant ( intellig5ce ! in/9cts mu/ fir/ h prov$ !mselves tyrants4 ,?is is ! problem4 ,x 0 a v timely "o 9 ^? days4 ,reason became virtue--virtue equall$ happ9ess4 ,solution3 ,greek philosoph]s /& ^u ! same fundam5tal fact ( _! inn] exp]i5ces z ,socrates does2 five feet f excess1 f an>*y & f dissolution--all decad5t m54 ,!y reg>d him z a doctor3 ,logic z w to p[]1 z w to control self1 z w to happ9ess4 ,! wildness & an>*y ( ,socrates' in/9cts is a sign ( decad5ce1 z is also ! sup]ftation ( logic & cle> reason+ 9 him4 ,bo? are abnormities1 ea* belongs to ! o!r4 ,criticism4 ,decad5ce reveals itself 9 ?is conc]n ab\t happ9ess 7i4e4 ab\t ! salvation ( ! s\l2 i4e4 to feel t "o's condition is a dang]74 ,its fanatical int]e/ 9 happ9ess %[s ! pa?ological condition ( ! subconsci\s self3 x 0 a vital int]e/4 ,! alt]native :i* fac$ !m all 03 to be reasonable or to p]i%4 ,! morality ( ,greek philosoph]s %[s t !y felt !y 7 9 dang]4 #dcd4 ,:y ev]y?+ resolv$ itself into mumm]y4--,rudim5t>y psy*ology1 :i* only consid]$ ! consci\s lapses ( m5 7z causes71 :i* reg>d$ consci\sness z an attribute ( ! s\l1 & :i* s\ght a w beh9d e action 7i4e4 an int5tion71 c\ld only answ] ,happ9ess to ! "q3 ,:at does man desire8 7x 0 impossible to answ] ,p[]1 because t w\ld h be5 immoral72--consequ5tly beh9d all m5's actions !re is ! int5tion ( atta9+ to happ9ess by means ( !m4 ,secondly3 if man z a matt] ( fact does n atta9 to happ9ess1 :y is x8 ,because he mi/akes ! means !reto4--,:at is ! unfail+ means ( acquir+ happ9ess8 ,answ]3 virtue4--,:y virtue8 ,because virtue is supreme rationalness1 & rationalness makes mi/akes 9 ! *oice ( means impossible3 virtue 9 ! =m ( reason is ! way to happ9ess4 ,dialectics is ! con/ant occupation ( virtue1 because x does away ) passion & intellectual cl\d9ess4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 man does n desire happ9ess4 ,pleasure is a s5sation ( p[]3 if ! passions are exclud$1 ^? /ates ( ! m9d are also exclud$ :i* af=d ! greate/ s5sation ( p[] & !re=e ( pleasure4 ,! highe/ rationalism is a /ate ( cool cle>ness1 :i* is v f> f be+ able to br+ ab\t t feel+ ( p[] :i* e k9d ( exaltation involves4444 ,! anci5t philosoph]s combat ev]y?+ t intoxicates & exalts--ev]y?+ t impairs ! p]fect coolness & imp>tiality ( ! m9d4444 ,!y 7 consi/5t ) _! fir/ false pr9ciple3 t consci\sness 0 ! highe/1 ! supreme /ate ( m9d1 ! pr]equisite ( p]fection--:]eas ! rev]se is true4444 ,any k9d ( action is imp]fect 9 proportion z x has be5 will$ or consci\s4 ,! philosoph]s ( antiquity 7 ! greate/ duff]s 9 practice1 because !y condemn$ !mselves !oretically to duff]dom14444 ,9 practice ev]y?+ resolv$ itself into !atricalness3 & he :o saw ?r\gh x1 z ,pyrrho did1 = in/ance1 ?\ght z ev]ybody did--t is to say1 t 9 goodness & uprightness paltry p 7 f> sup]ior to philosoph]s4 ,all ! deep] natures ( antiquity 7 disgu/$ at ! philosoph]s ( virtue2 all p saw 9 !m 0 brawl]s & actors4 7,?is 0 ! judgm5t pass$ on ,plato by ,epicurus & ,pyrrho47 ,result3 ,9 practical life1 9 pati5ce1 goodness1 & mutual assi/ance1 paltry p 7 above !m3--?is is some?+ l ! judgm5t ,do/oiewsky or ,tol/oy claims = 8 muzhiks3 !y are m philosophical 9 practice1 !y are m c\rage\s 9 _! way ( deal+ ) ! exig5cies ( life4444 #dce4 ,a criticism ( ! philosoph]4--,philosoph]s & morali/s m]ely deceive !mselves :5 !y imag9e t !y escape f decad5ce by oppos+ x4 ,t lies beyond _! wills3 & h[ev] little !y may be aw>e ( ! fact1 x is g5]ally discov]$1 subsequ5tly t !y 7 among ! mo/ p[]ful promot]s ( decad5ce4 ,let u exam9e ! philosoph]s ( ,greece--,plato1 = in/ance4 ,he x 0 :o sep>at$ ! in/9cts f ! polis1 f ! love ( conte/1 f milit>y effici5cy1 f art1 beauty1 ! my/]ies1 & ! belief 9 tradition & 9 ance/ors4444 ,he 0 ! s$uc] ( ! nobles3 he himself s$uces ?r\gh ! roturi] ,socrates4444 ,he d5i$ all ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ! noble ,greek ( /]l+ wor?2 he made dialectics an ev]yday practice1 conspir$ ) ! tyrants1 dabbl$ 9 politics = ! future1 & 0 ! example ( a man ^: in/9cts 7 ! example ( a man ^: in/9cts 7 mo/ p]fectly sep>at$ f tradition4 ,he is pr(\nd & passionate 9 ev]y?+ t is anti-,hell5ic4444 ,"o aft] ! o!r1 ^! great philosoph]s repres5t ! typical =ms ( decad5ce3 ! moral & religi\s idiosyncrasy1 an>*y1 nihilism1 771 cynicism1 h>d5+ pr9ciples1 h$onism1 & reaction4 ,! "q ( happ9ess1 ( virtue1 & ( ! salvation ( ! s\l1 is ! expression ( physiological contradictor9ess 9 ^! decl9+ natures3 _! in/9cts lack all balance & purpose4 #dcf4 ,to :at ext5t d dialectics & ! fai? 9 reason re/ ^u moral prejudices8 ,) ,plato we are z ! tempor>y inhabitants ( an intelligible _w ( goodness1 /ill 9 possession ( a beque/ f =m] times3 div9e dialectics tak+ its root 9 goodness leads to ev]y?+ good 7x foll[s1 !re=e1 t x mu/ lead backw>ds74 ,ev5 ,desc>tes _h a notion ( ! fact t1 accord+ to a ?or\ghly ,*ri/ian & moral attitude ( m9d1 :i* includes a belief 9 a good ,god z ! ,creator ( all ?+s1 ! tru?fulness ( ,god gu>antees ! judgm5ts ( our s5ses = u4 ,b = ?is religi\s sanction & w>rant ( our s5ses & our reason1 :5ce %\ld we obta9 our "r to tru/ 9 exi/5ce8 ,t ?9k+ mu/ be a measure ( reality1--t :at _c be ! subject ( ?\ght1 _c exi/1--is a co>se non plus ultra ( a moral bl9d confid5ce 79 ! ess5tial pr9ciple ( tru? at ! root ( all ?+s72 ?is 9 itself is a mad assumption :i* our exp]i5ce contradicts e m9ute4 ,we _c ?9k ( any?+ precisely z x is4444 #dcg4 ,! real philosoph]s ( ,greece are ^? :i* came be=e ,socrates 7) ,socrates some?+ *anges74 ,!y are all di/+ui%$ m51 !y take _! /& away f ! p & f usage2 !y h travell$2 !y are e>ne/ to ! po9t ( sombr5ess1 _! eyes are calm1 & !y are n unacqua9t$ ) ! bus9ess ( /ate & diplomacy4 ,!y anticipat$ all ! great concepts :i* com+ sages 7 to h conc]n+ ?+s 9 g5]al3 !y !mselves repres5t$ ^! concepts1 !y made sy/ems out ( !mselves4 ,no?+ run give a high] idea ( ,greek intellect ?an ?is sudd5 fruitfulness 9 types1 ?an ?is involunt>y complet5ess 9 ! draw+ up ( all ! great possibilities ( ! philosophical ideal4 ,i c see only "o orig9al figure 9 ^? t came aft]w>ds3 a late arrival b necess>ily ! la/--,pyrrho ! nihili/4 ,8 in/9cts 7 oppos$ to ! influ5ces :i* _h become asc5dant 9 ! mean-"t ! ,socratic s*ool1 ,plato1 & ! arti/ic optimism ( ,h]aclitus4 7,pyrrho goes back to ,democritus via ,protagoras44447 999999 ,wise we>9ess3 ,pyrrho4 ,to live humbly among ! humble4 ,devoid ( pride4 ,to live 9 ! vulg> way2 to hon\r & believe :at e "o believes4 ,to be on "o's gu>d aga9/ sci5ce & intellect1 & aga9/ ev]y?+ t puffs "o out4 444 ,to be simply pati5t 9 ! extreme1 c>eless & mild2-- or1 bett] /ill1 4 ,a ,buddhi/ = ,greece1 br$ amid ! tumult ( ! ,s*ools2 born alt] 8 "t2 we>y2 an example ( ! prote/ ( we>9ess aga9/ ! eag]ness ( dialecticians2 ! incr$ulity ( ! tir$ man 9 reg>d to ! importance ( ev]y?+4 ,he _h se5 ,alex&]2 he _h se5 ! ,indian p5it5ts4 ,to su* late-arrivals & creatures ( great subtlety1 ev]y?+ l[ly1 poor1 & idiotic1 is s$uctive4 ,x n>coticises3 x gives !m relaxation 7,pascal74 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y mix ) ! cr[d1 & get conf\nd$ ) ! re/4 ,^! we>y creatures ne$ w>m?4444 ,to ov]come contradiction2 to d away ) conte/s2 to h no w to excel 9 any way2 to d5y ! ,greek in/9cts 7,pyrrho liv$ ) 8 si/]1 :o 0 a midwife47 ,to rig out wisdom 9 su* a way t x no long] di/+ui%es2 to give x ! ragg$ mantle ( pov]ty2 to p]=m ! l[e/ (fices1 & to g to m>ket & sell suck+-pigs4444 ,sweetness1 cle>ness1 indiff]5ce2 no ne$ ( virtues t require attitudes2 to be equal to all ev5 9 virtue3 f9al conque/ ( "o's self1 f9al indiff]5ce4 ,pyrrho & ,epicurus2--two =ms ( ,greek decad5ce2 !y are relat$ 9 _! hatr$ ( dialectics & all !atrical virtues4 ,^! two ?+s toge!r 7 !n call$ philosophy2 ,pyrrho & ,epicurus int5tionally held t :i* !y lov$ 9 l[ e/eem2 !y *ose common & ev5 contemptible names = x1 & !y repres5t$ a /ate 9 :i* "o is nei!r ill1 heal?y1 lively1 nor dead4444 ,epicurus 0 m naf1 m idyllic1 m grateful2 ,pyrrho _h m exp]i5ce ( ! _w1 _h travell$ m1 & 0 m nihili/ic4 ,8 life 0 a prote/ aga9/ ! great doctr9e ( ,id5tity 7,happ9ess ,virtue ,k74 ,! prop] way ( liv+ is n promot$ by sci5ce3 wisdom does n make wise4 444 ,! prop] way ( liv+ does n desire happ9ess1 x turns away f happ9ess4444 #dch4 ,! w> aga9/ ! old fai?1 z ,epicurus wag$ x1 01 /rictly speak+1 a /ruggle aga9/ pre-exi/+ ,*ri/ianity--! /ruggle aga9/ a _w !n already gloomy1 moralis$1 acidifi$ ?r\gh\t ) feel+s ( guilt1 & gr[n old & sick4 ,n ! moral corruption ( antiquity1 b precisely its moral infect$ness 0 ! pr]equisite :i* enabl$ ,*ri/ianity to become its ma/]4 ,moral fanaticism 79 %ort3 ,plato7 de/roy$ paganism by transvalu+ its values & poison+ its innoc5ce4 ,we ought at la/ to und]/& t :at 0 !n de/roy$ 0 high] ?an :at prevail$6 ,*ri/ianity grew on ! soil ( psy*ological corruption1 & c\ld only take root 9 rott5 gr\nd4 #dci4 ,sci5ce3 z a discipl9>y measure or z an in/9ct--,i see a decl9e ( ! in/9cts 9 ,greek philosoph]s3 o!rwise !y c\ld n h be5 guilty ( ! pr(\nd error ( reg>d+ ! consci\s /ate z ! m valuable /ate4 ,! int5sity ( consci\sness /&s 9 ! inv]se ratio to ! ease & spe$ ( c]ebral transmission4 ,greek philosophy upheld ! opposite view1 :i* is always ! sign ( weak5$ in/9cts4 ,we mu/1 9 soo?1 seek p]fect life !re :]e x is lea/ consci\s 7t is to say1 !re :]e x is lea/ aw>e ( its logic1 its reasons1 its means1 its int5tions1 & its utility74 ,! return to ! facts ( common s5se1 ! facts ( ! common man & ( paltry p4 ,hone/y & intellig5ce /or$ up = g5]ations ( p :o are q unconsci\s ( _! pr9ciples1 & :o ev5 h "s fe> ( pr9ciples4 ,x is n reasonable to desire a reason+ virtue4 444 ,a philosoph] is compromis$ by su* a desire4 #ddj4 ,:5 morality--t is to say1 ref9em5t1 prud5ce1 brav]y1 & equity--h be5 /or$ up 9 ! same way1 ?anks to ! moral ef=ts ( a :ole succession ( g5]ations1 ! collective p[] ( ?is ho>d ( virtue projects its rays ev5 into t sph]e :]e hone/y is mo/ seldom pres5t--! sph]e ( intellect4 ,:5 a ?+ becomes consci\s1 x is ! sign ( a /ate ( ill-ease 9 ! organism2 some?+ new has got to be f\nd1 ! organism is n satisfi$ or adapt$1 x is subject to di/ress1 susp5se1 & x is hyp]s5sitive--precisely all ?is is consci\sness4444 ,g5nius lies 9 ! in/9cts2 goodness does too4 ,"o only acts p]fectly :5 "o acts in/9ctively4 ,ev5 f ! moral po9t ( view all ?9k+ :i* is consci\s is m]ely a process ( grop+1 & 9 ! majority ( cases an attack on morality4 ,sci5tific hone/y is always sacrific$ :5 a ?9k] beg9s to reason3 let any "o try ! exp]im5t3 put ! wise/ man 9 ! balance1 & !n let him disc\rse ^u morality4444 ,x c\ld also be prov$ t ! :ole ( a man's consci\s ?9k+ %[s a mu* l[] /&>d ( morality ?an ! ?\ghts ( ! same man w\ld %[ if !y 7 l$ by 8 in/9cts4 #dda4 ,! /ruggle aga9/ ,socrates1 ,plato1 & all ! ,socratic s*ools1 proce$s f ! pr(\nd in/9ct t man is n made bett] :5 he is %[n t virtue may be demon/rat$ or bas$ ^u reason4444 ,?is 9 ! end is ! nigg>dly fact1 x 0 ! agonal in/9ct 9 all ^! born dialecticians1 :i* drove !m to glorify _! p]sonal abilities z ! highe/ ( all qualities1 & to repres5t e o!r =m ( goodness z condition$ by !m4 ,! anti-sci5tific _s ( all ?is philosophy3 x w nev] admit t x is n "r4 #ddb4 ,?is is extraord9>y4 ,f its v e>lie/ beg9n+s1 ,greek philosophy c>ries on a /ruggle aga9/ sci5ce ) ! weapons ( a !ory ( k1 especially ( scepticism2 & :y is ?is8 ,x is always 9 fav\r ( morality4444 7,physici/s & m$ical m5 are hat$47 ,socrates1 ,ari/ippus1 ! ,meg>ian s*ool1 ! ,cynics1 ,epicurus & ,pyrrho--a g5]al onslaught ^u k 9 fav\r ( morality4444 7,hatr$ ( dialectics also47 ,!re is /ill a problem to be solv$3 !y approa* sophi/ry 9 ord] to be rid ( sci5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! physici/s are subject$ to su* an ext5t t1 among _! fir/ pr9ciples1 !y include ! !ory ( tru? & ( real be+3 = in/ance1 ! atom1 ! f\r elem5ts 7juxtaposition ( be+1 9 ord] to expla9 its multi=mity & its trans=mations74 ,contempt ( objectivity 9 int]e/s is taught3 return to practical int]e/1 & to ! p]sonal utility ( all k4444 ,! /ruggle aga9/ sci5ce is direct$ at3 7#a7 its pa?os 7objectivity72 7#b7 its means 7t is to say1 at its utility72 7#c7 its results 7:i* are consid]$ *ildi%74 ,x is ! same /ruggle :i* is tak5 up lat] on by ! ,*ur* 9 ! "n ( piety3 ! ,*ur* inh]it$ ! :ole ars5al ( antiquity = h] w> ) sci5ce4 ,! !ory ( k play$ ! same "p 9 ! affair z x did 9 ,kant's or ! ,indians' case4 ,!re is no desire :atev] to be tr\bl$ ) x1 a free h& is want$ = ! purpose t is envisag$4 ,aga9/ :at p[]s are !y actually def5d+ !mselves8 ,aga9/ dutifulness1 aga9/ ob$i5ce to law1 aga9/ ! compulsion ( go+ h& 9 h&--,i believe ?is is :at is call$ ,fre$om4444 ,?is is h[ decad5ce manife/s itself3 ! in/9ct ( solid>ity is s deg5]ate t solid>ity itself gets to be reg>d$ z tyranny3 no au?ority or solid>ity is brook$1 nobody any long] desires to fall 9 ) ! rank & file1 & to adopt its ignobly sl[ pace4 ,! sl[ movem5t :i* is ! tempo ( sci5ce is g5]ally hat$1 z are also ! sci5tific man's indiff]5ce 9 reg>d to gett+ on1 8 long brea?1 & 8 imp]sonal attitude4 #ddc4 ,at bottom1 morality is ho/ile to sci5ce3 ,socrates 0 s already too--& ! reason is1 t sci5ce consid]s c]ta9 ?+s important :i* h no relation :atsoev] to good & evil1 & :i* !re=e r$uce ! gravity ( our feel+s conc]n+ good & evil4 ,:at morality requires is t ! :ole ( a man %\ld s]ve x ) all 8 p[]3 x consid]s x wa/e on ! "p ( a creature t c ill af=d wa/e1 :5 a man e>ne/ly tr\bles 8 head ab\t />s or plants4 ,t is :y sci5ce v quickly decl9$ 9 ,greece1 once ,socrates _h inoculat$ sci5tific "w ) ! disease ( morality4 ,! m5tal attitudes rea*$ by a ,democritus1 a ,hippocrates1 & a ,?ucydides1 h n be5 rea*$ a second "t4-- #ddd4 ,! problem ( ! philosoph] & ( ! sci5tific man4--,! influ5ce ( age2 depress+ habits 7s$5t>y /udy la ,kant2 ov]-"w2 inadequate n\ri%m5t ( ! bra92 read+74 ,a m ess5tial "q /ill3 is x n already p]haps a symptom ( decad5ce :5 ?9k+ t5ds to e/abli% g5]alities8 ,objectivity reg>d$ z ! dis9tegration ( ! w 7to be able to rema9 z deta*$ z possible 44474 ,?is presupposes a trem5d\s adiaphora 9 reg>d to ! /rong passions3 a k9d ( isolation1 an exceptional position1 opposition to ! normal passions4 ,type3 des]tion ( home-c\ntry emigrants g ev] great] di/ances afield2 gr[+ exoticism2 ! voice ( ! old imp]ative dies away2--& ! cont9ual "q :i!r8 7happ9ess7 is a sign ( emancipation f =ms ( organisation1 a sign ( break+ loose f ev]y?+4 ,problem3 is ! man ( sci5ce m ( a decad5t symptom ?an ! philosoph]8--z a :ole sci5tific man is n1 cut loose f ev]y?+1 only a "p ( 8 be+ is consecrat$ exclusively to ! s]vice ( k & discipl9$ to ma9ta9 a special attitude & po9t ( view2 9 8 dep>tm5t he is 9 ne$ ( all ! virtues ( a /rong race1 ( robu/ heal?1 ( great sev]ity1 manl9ess & intellig5ce4 ,he is r a symptom ( ! great multi=mity ( culture ?an ( ! effet5ess ( ! latt]4 ,! decad5t s*ol> is a bad s*ol>4 ,:]eas ! decad5t philosoph] has always be5 reckon$ hi!rto z ! typical philosoph]4 #dde4 ,among philosoph]s1 no?+ is m r>e ?an intellectual uprightness3 !y p]haps say ! v rev]se1 & ev5 believe x4 ,b ! pr]equisite ( all _! "w is1 t !y c only admit ( c]ta9 tru?s2 !y "k :at !y h to prove2 & ! fact t !y mu/ be agre$ z to ^! tru?s is almo/ :at makes !m recognise "o ano!r z philosoph]s4 ,!re are1 = in/ance1 ! tru?s ( morality4 ,b belief 9 morality is n a pro( ( morality3 !re are cases--& ! philosoph]'s case is "o 9 po9t--:5 a belief ( ?is sort is simply a piece ( immorality4 #ddf4 ,:at is ! retrograde factor 9 a philosoph]8--,he tea*es t ! qualities :i* he happ5s to possess are ! only qualities t exi/1 t !y are indisp5sable to ^? :o wi% to atta9 to ! highe/ good 7= in/ance1 dialectics ) ,plato74 ,he w\ld h all m5 raise !mselves1 gradatim1 to 8 type z ! highe/4 ,he despises :at is g5]ally e/eem$--by him a gulf is cleft betwe5 ! highe/ prie/ly values & ! values ( ! _w4 ,he kn[s :at is true1 :o ,god is1 :at e "o's goal %\ld be1 & ! way !reto4444 ,! typical philosoph] is ?us an absolute dogmati/2--if he requires scepticism at all x is only 9 ord] to be able to speak dogmatically ( 8 pr9cipal purpose4 #ddg4 ,:5 ! philosoph] is confront$ ) 8 rival--sci5ce1 = in/ance1 he becomes a sceptic2 !n he appropriates a =m ( k :i* he d5ies to ! man ( sci5ce2 he goes h& 9 h& ) ! prie/ s t he may n be suspect$ ( a!ism or mat]ialism2 he consid]s an attack made ^u himself z an attack ^u morals1 religion1 virtue1 & ord]--he kn[s h[ to br+ 8 oppon5ts into ill repute by call+ !m s$uc]s & und]m9]s3 !n he m>*es %\ld] to %\ld] ) p[]4 ,! philosoph] at w> ) o!r philosoph]s3--he does 8 be/ to compel !m to appe> l an>*i/s1 disbeliev]s1 oppon5ts ( au?ority4 ,9 %ort1 :5 he fights1 he fights exactly l a prie/ & l ! prie/hood4 #c4 ,,! ,,tru?s ,,& ,,errors ,,( ,,philosoph]s4 #ddh4 ,philosophy def9$ by ,kant3 ,! sci5ce ( ! limitations ( reason66 #ddi4 ,accord+ to ,ari/otle1 ,philosophy is ! art ( discov]+ tru?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,epicurians1 :o avail$ !mselves ( ,ari/otle's s5sual !ory ( k1 retort$ 9 ironical opposition to ! se>* = tru?3 ,philosophy is ! art ( ,life4 #dej4 ,! ?ree great navets3-- ,k z a means ( happ9ess 7z if 44472 ,k z a means to virtue 7z if 44472 ,k z a means to ! d5ial ( ,life--inasmu* z x leads to disappo9tm5t--7z if 44474 #dea4 ,z if !re 7 a tru? :i* "o c\ld by "s means approa*6 #deb4 ,error & ignorance are fatal4--,! assumption t tru? has be5 f\nd & t ignorance & error are at an end1 con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ s$uctive ?\ghts 9 ! _w4 ,grant$ t x be g5]ally accept$1 x p>alyses ! w to te/1 to inve/igate1 to be cauti\s1 & to ga!r exp]i5ce3 x may ev5 be reg>d$ z crim9al--t is to say1 z a d\bt conc]n+ tru?4444 ,tru? is !re=e m fatal ?an error & ignorance1 because x p>alyses ! =ces :i* lead to enlight5m5t & k4 ,! passion = idl5ess n[ /&s up = tru? 7,?\ght is pa9 & mis]y671 z also d ord]1 rule1 ! joy ( possession1 ! pride ( wisdom--9 fact1 vanity4--x is easi] to obey ?an to exam9e2 x is m gratify+ to ?9k ,i possess ! tru?1 ?an to see only d>kness 9 all directions2 444 b1 above all1 x is reassur+1 x l5ds confid5ce1 & alleviates life--x improves ! "* inasmu* z x r$uces mi/ru/4 ,spiritual peace1 a quiet consci5ce--^! ?+s are inv5tions :i* are only possible provid$ ,tru? be f\nd4--,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m4 444 ,tru? is ! tru? because x makes m5 bett]4444 ,! process goes on3 all goodness & all success is plac$ to ! cr$it ( tru?4 ,?is is ! pro( by success3 ! happ9ess1 cont5tm5t1 & ! welf>e ( a community or ( an individual1 are n[ und]/ood to be ! result ( ! belief 9 morality4444 ,conv]sely3 failure is ascrib$ to a lack ( fai?4 #dec4 ,! causes ( error lie j z mu* 9 ! good z 9 ! bad w ( man3--9 an incalculable numb] ( cases he conceals reality f himself1 he falsifies x1 s t he may n suff] f 8 good or bad w4 ,god1 = in/ance1 is consid]$ ! %ap] ( man's de/9y2 he int]prets 8 little lot z ?\gh ev]y?+ 7 int5tionally s5t to him = ! salvation ( 8 s\l1--?is act ( ignorance 9 philology1 :i* to a m subtle intellect w\ld seem unclean & false1 is done1 9 ! majority ( cases1 ) p]fect good fai?4 ,goodwill1 noble feel+s1 & l(ty /ates ( ! s\l are j z und]h& & deceptive 9 ! means !y use z are ! passions love1 hatr$1 & rev5ge1 :i* morality has repudiat$ & decl>$ to be egoti/ic4 ,errors are :at mank9d has _h to pay = mo/ de>ly3 & tak+ !m all 9 all1 ! errors :i* h result$ f goodwill are ^? :i* h wr\ght ! mo/ h>m4 ,! illusion :i* makes p happy is m h>mful ?an ! illusion :i* is imm$iately foll[$ by evil results3 ! latt] increases ke5ness & mi/ru/1 & purifies1 ! und]/&+2 ! =m] m]ely n>coticises4444 ,f9e feel+s & noble impulses ought1 speak+ physiologically1 to be classifi$ ) ! n>cotics3 _! abuse is foll[$ by precisely ! same results z ! abuse ( any o!r opiate--weak n]ves4 #ded4 ,error is ! mo/ exp5sive luxury t man c indulge 93 & if ! error happ5 to be a physiological "o1 x is fatal to life4 ,:at has mank9d paid = mo/ de>ly hi!rto8 ,= its tru?s 3 = e "o ( ^! 7 errors 9 physiologicis4444 #dee4 ,psy*ological confusions3 ! desire = belief is conf\nd$ ) ! w to tru? 7= in/ance1 9 ,c>lyle74 ,b ! desire = disbelief has also be5 conf\nd$ ) ! w to tru? 7a ne$ ( ridd+ "o's self ( a belief = a hundr$ reasons3 9 ord] to c>ry "o's po9t aga9/ c]ta9 believ]s74 ,:at is x t inspires ,sceptics8 ,! hatr$ ( dogmati/s--or a ne$ ( repose1 we>9ess z 9 ,pyrrho's case4 ,! advantages :i* 7 expect$ to come f tru?1 7 ! advantages result+ f a belief 9 x3 =1 9 itself1 tru? c\ld h be5 ?or\ghly pa9ful1 h>mful1 & ev5 fatal4 ,likewise tru? 0 combat$ only on acc\nt ( ! advantages :i* a victory ov] x w\ld provide--= in/ance1 emancipation f ! yoke ( ! rul+ p[]s4 ,! me?od ( tru? 0 n bas$ ^u motives ( tru?fulness1 b ^u motives ( p[]1 ^u ! desire to be sup]ior4 ,h[ is tru? prov$8 ,by means ( ! feel+ ( increas$ p[]1--by means ( utility1--by means ( indisp5sability1--9 %ort1 by means ( its advantages 7t is to say1 hypo!ses conc]n+ :at tru? %\ld be l 9 ord] t x may be embrac$ by u74 ,b ?is involves prejudice3 x is a sign t tru? does n ent] ! "q at all4444 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! w to tru?1 = in/ance 9 ! ,gonc\rts8 & 9 ! naturali/s8--,a criticism ( objectivity4 ,:y %\ld we "k3 :y %\ld we n pref] to be deceiv$8444 ,b :at 0 ne$$ 0 always belief--& n tru?4444 ,belief is creat$ by means :i* are q oppos$ to ! me?od ( inve/igation3 x ev5 dep5ds ^u ! exclusion ( ! latt]4 #def4 ,a c]ta9 degree ( fai? suffices to-day to give u an objection to :at is believ$--x does m1 x makes u "q ! spiritual heal?9ess ( ! believ]4 #deg4 ,m>tyrs4--,to combat any?+ t is bas$ ^u rev]5ce1 oppon5ts mu/ be possess$ ( bo? d>+ & recklessness1 & be h9d]$ by no scruples4444 ,n[1 if "o consid]s t = ?\s&s ( ye>s man has sanctifi$ z tru?s only ^? ?+s :i* 7 9 reality errors1 & t he has br&$ any criticism ( !m ) ! hall-m>k ( badness1 "o w h to ackn[l$ge1 h[ev] reluctantly1 t a goodly am\nt ( immoral de$s 7 necess>y 9 ord] to give ! initiative to an attack--,i mean to reason4444 ,t ^! immorali/s h always pos$ z ! m>tyrs ( tru? %\ld be =giv5 !m3 ! tru? ( ! matt] is t !y did n /& up & d5y ow+ to an in/9ct = tru?2 b because ( a love ( dissolution1 crim9al scepticism1 & ! love ( adv5ture4 ,9 o!r cases x is p]sonal ranc\r :i* drives !m into ! prov9ce ( problems--!y only combat c]ta9 po9ts ( view 9 ord] to be able to c>ry _! po9t aga9/ c]ta9 p4 ,b1 above all1 x is rev5ge :i* has become sci5tifically useful--! rev5ge ( ! oppress$1 ^? :o1 ?anks to ! tru? t happ5s to be rul+1 h be5 press$ aside & ev5 smo!r$4444 ,tru?1 t is to say ! sci5tific me?od1 0 grasp$ & fav\r$ by su* z recognis$ t x 0 a useful weapon ( w>--an in/rum5t ( de/ruction4444 ,9 ord] to be hon\r$ z oppon5ts1 !y 7 moreov] oblig$ to use an app>atus simil> to t us$ by ^? :om !y 7 attack+3 !y !re=e br&i%$ ! concept tru? z absolutely z _! adv]s>ies did--!y became fanatics at lea/ 9 _! poses1 because no o!r pose c\ld be expect$ to be tak5 s]i\sly4 ,:at /ill rema9$ to be done 0 left to p]secution1 to passion1 & ! unc]ta9ty ( ! p]secut$--hatr$ wax$ great1 & ! fir/ impulse began to die away & to leave ! field entirely to sci5ce4 ,ultimately all ( !m want$ to be "r 9 ! same absurd way z _! oppon5ts4444 ,! ^w conviction1 fai?1 ! pride ( m>tyrdom--^! ?+s are mo/ unfav\rable to k4 ,! adv]s>ies ( tru? f9ally adopt ! :ole subjective mann] ( decid+ ab\t tru?1--t is to say1 by means ( poses1 sacrifices1 & h]oic resolutions1--& ?us prolong ! dom9ion ( ! anti-sci5tific me?od4 ,z m>tyrs !y compromise _! v own de$4 #deh4 ,! dang]\s di/9ction betwe5 !oretical & practical 9 ,kant = in/ance1 b also 9 ! anci5t philosoph]s3--!y behave z if pure intellectuality pres5t$ !m ) ! problems ( sci5ce & metaphysics2--!y behave z if practice %\ld be judg$ by a measure ( its own1 :atev] ! judgm5t ( !ory may be4 ,aga9/ ! fir/ t5d5cy ,i set up my psy*ology ( philosoph]s3 _! /range/ calculations & intellectuality are /ill b ! la/ pallid impress ( a physiological fact2 spontaneity is absolutely lack+ 9 !m1 ev]y?+ is in/9ct1 ev]y?+ is int5d$ to foll[ a c]ta9 direction f ! fir/4444 ,aga9/ ! second t5d5cy ,i put my "q3 :e!r we "k ano!r me?od ( act+ correctly1 besides t ( ?9k+ correctly2 ! la/ case is action1 ! fir/ presupposes ?\ght ,are we possess$ ( a means :]eby we c judge ( ! value ( a me?od ( life diff]5tly f ! value ( a !ory3 ?r\gh induction or comp>ison8444 ,guileless p imag9e t 9 ?is respect we are bett] equipp$1 we "k :at is good--& ! philosoph]s are cont5t to repeat ?is view4 ,we conclude t "s sort ( fai? is at "w 9 ?is matt]1 & no?+ m4444 ,m5 mu/ act2 consequ5tly rules ( conduct are necess>y--?is is :at ev5 ! anci5t ,sceptics ?\ght4 ,! urg5t ne$ ( a def9ite decision 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( k is us$ z an argum5t 9 fav\r ( reg>d+ some?+ z true6444 ,m5 mu/ n act--said _! m consi/5t bro!rs1 ! ,buddhi/s1 & !n ?\ght out a mode ( conduct :i* w\ld deliv] man f ! yoke ( action4444 ,to adapt "o's self1 to live z ! common man lives1 & to reg>d z "r & prop] :at he reg>ds z "r3 ?is is submission to ! greg>i\s in/9ct4 ,"o mu/ c>ry "o's c\rage & sev]ity s f> z to le>n to consid] su* submission a disgrace4 ,"o %\ld n live accord+ to two /&>ds6444 ,"o %\ld n sep>ate !ory & practice6444 #dei4 ,( all t :i* 0 =m]ly held to be true1 n "o ^w is to be cr$it$4 ,ev]y?+ :i* 0 =m]ly disda9$ z unholy1 =bidd51 contemptible1 & fatal--all ^! fl[]s n[ bloom on ! mo/ *>m+ pa?s ( tru?4 ,! :ole ( ?is old morality conc]ns u no long]3 x conta9s n "o idea :i* is /ill wor?y ( respect4 ,we h outliv$ x--we are no long] suffici5tly co>se & guileless to be =c$ to all[ ourselves to be li$ to 9 ?is way4444 ,9 m polite language3 we are too virtu\s = x4444 ,& if tru? 9 ! old s5se 7 true only because ! old morality said yea to x1 & _h a "r to say yea to x3 x foll[s t no tru? ( ! pa/ c any long] be ( use to u4444 ,our crit]ion ( tru? is _/c]ta9ly n morality3 we refute an ass]tion :5 we %[ t x is dep5d5t ^u morality & is inspir$ by noble feel+s4 #dfj4 ,all ^! values are empirical & condition$4 ,b he :o believes 9 !m & :o hon\rs !m1 refuses to ackn[l$ge ?is aspect ( !m4 ,all philosoph]s believe 9 ^! values1 & "o =m _! rev]5ce takes is ! endeav\r to make a priori tru?s out ( !m4 ,! falsify+ nature ( rev]5ce4444 ,rev]5ce is ! supreme te/ ( intellectual hone/y1 b 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( philosophy !re is no su* ?+ z intellectual hone/y1--b ! love ( goodness 444 ,on ! "o h&1 !re is an absolute lack ( me?od 9 te/+ ! value ( ^! values2 secondly1 !re is a g5]al dis9cl9ation ei!r to te/ !m or to reg>d !m z condition$ at all4--,all anti-sci5tific in/9cts assembl$ r\nd moral values 9 ord] to keep sci5ce out ( ?is dep>tm5t4444 #d4 ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks ,,9 ,,! ,,criticism ,,( ,,philosophy4 #dfa4 ,:y philosoph]s are sl&]]s4--,! artful & bl9d ho/ility ( philosoph]s t[>ds ! s5ses--:at an am\nt ( mob & middle-class qualities lie 9 all ?is hatr$6 ,! cr[d always believes t an abuse ( :i* x feels ! h>mful results1 con/itutes an objection to ! ?+ :i* happ5s to be abus$3 all insurrection>y movem5ts aga9/ pr9ciples1 :e!r 9 politics or agriculture1 always foll[ a l9e ( argum5t sugge/$ by ?is ult]ior motive3 ! abuse mu/ be %[n to be necess>y to1 &1 inh]5t 91 ! pr9ciple4 ,x is a woeful hi/ory3 mank9d looks = a pr9ciple1 f ! /&po9t ( :i* he w be able to contemn man--he inv5ts a _w 9 ord] to be able to sl&] & ?r[ mud at ?is _w3 z a matt] ( fact1 he snat*es e "t at no?+1 & con/rues ?is no?+ z ,god1 z ,tru?1 &1 9 any case1 z judge & detractor ( ?is exi/5ce4444 ,if "o %\ld require a pro( ( h[ deeply & ?or\ghly ! actually b>b>\s ne$s ( man1 ev5 9 8 pres5t /ate ( tam5ess & civilisation1 /ill seek gratification1 "o %\ld contemplate ! leitmotifs ( ! :ole ( ! evolution ( philosophy3--a sort ( rev5ge ^u reality1 a surreptiti\s process ( de/roy+ ! values by means ( :i* m5 live1 a dissatisfi$ s\l to :i* ! conditions ( discipl9e is "o ( torture1 & :i* takes a p>ticul> pleasure 9 morbidly sev]+ all ! bonds t b9d x to su* a condition4 ,! hi/ory ( philosophy is ! /ory ( a secret & mad hatr$ ( ! pr]equisities ( ,life1 ( ! feel+s :i* make = ! real values ( ,life1 & ( all p>tisan%ip 9 fav\r ( ,life4 ,philosoph]s h nev] hesitat$ to affirm a fanciful _w1 provid$ x contradict$ ?is _w1 & furni%$ !m ) a weapon :]e) !y c\ld calumniate ?is _w4 ,up to ! pres5t1 philosophy has be5 ! gr& s*ool ( sl&]3 & its p[] has be5 s great1 t ev5 to-day our sci5ce1 :i* pret5ds to be ! advocate ( ,life1 has accept$ ! fundam5tal position ( sl&]1 & treats ?is _w z appe>ance1 & ?is *a9 ( causes z ?\gh x 7 only ph5om5al4 ,:at is ! hatr$ :i* is active "h8 ,i fe> t x is /ill ! ,circe ( philosoph]s--,morality1 :i* plays !m ! trick ( compell+ !m to be ev] sl&]]s4444 ,!y believ$ 9 moral tru?s1 9 ^! !y ?\ght !y _h f\nd ! highe/ values2 :at alt]native _h !y left1 save t ( d5y+ exi/5ce ev] m emphatically ! m !y got to "k ab\t x8444 ,= ?is life is immoral4444 ,& x is bas$ ^u immoral fir/ pr9ciples3 & morality says nay to ,life4 ,let u suppress ! real _w3 & 9 ord] to d ?is1 we mu/ fir/ suppress ! highe/ values curr5t hi!rto--morals4444 ,x is en\gh to %[ t morality itself is immoral1 9 ! same s5se z t 9 :i* immorality has be5 condemn$ h]et(ore4 ,if an end be ?us made to ! tyranny ( ! =m] values1 if we h suppress$ ! real _w1 a new ord] ( values mu/ foll[ ( its own accord4 ,! _w ( appe>ance & ! _w ( lies3 ?is con/itutes ! contradiction4 ,! latt] hi!rto has be5 ! real _w1 tru?1 ,god4 ,?is is ! "o :i* we /ill h to suppress4 ,! logic ( my conception3 7#a7 ,morality z ! highe/ value 7x is ma/] ( all ! phases ( philosophy1 ev5 ( ! ,sceptics74 ,result3 ?is _w is no good1 x is n ! real _w4 7#b7 ,:at is x t det]m9es ! highe/ value "h8 ,:at1 9 soo?1 is morality8--,x is ! in/9ct ( decad5ce2 x is ! means :]eby ! exhau/$ & ! deg5]ate rev5ge !mselves4 ,hi/orical pro(3 philosoph]s h always be5 decad5ts 444 9 ! s]vice ( nihili/ic religions4 7#c7 ,x is ! in/9ct ( decad5ce com+ to ! =e z w to p[]4 ,pro(3 ! absolute immorality ( ! means employ$ by morality ?r\gh\t its hi/ory4 ,g5]al aspect3 ! values :i* h be5 highe/ hi!rto con/itute a specific case ( ! w to p[]2 morality itself is a specific case ( immorality4 #dfb4 ,! pr9cipal innovations3 ,in/ead ( moral values1 no?+ b naturali/ic values4 ,naturalisation ( morality4 ,9 ! place ( sociology1 a doctr9e ( ! =ms ( dom9ion4 ,9 ! place ( society1 ! complex :ole ( culture1 :i* is my *ief int]e/ 7:e!r 9 its entirety or 9 p>ts74 ,9 ! place ( ! !ory ( k1 a doctr9e :i* laid d[n ! value ( ! passions 7to ?is a hi]>*y ( ! passions w\ld belong3 ! passions transfigur$2 _! sup]ior rank1 _! spirituality74 ,9 ! place ( metaphysics & religion1 ! doctr9e ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce 7?is be+ reg>d$ z a means to ! bre$+ & selection ( m574 #dfc4 ,my precursors3 ,s*op5hau]4 ,to :at ext5t ,i deep5$ pessimism1 & fir/ br\ght its full mean+ )9 my grasp1 by means ( its mo/ extreme opposite4 ,likewise3 ! high] ,europeans1 ! pione]s ( great politics4 ,likewise3 ! ,greeks & _! g5esis4 #dfd4 ,i h nam$ ^? :o 7 unconsci\sly my work]s & precursors4 ,b 9 :at direction may ,i turn ) any hope ( f9d+ my p>ticul> k9d ( philosoph]s !mselves1 or at lea/ my ye>n+ = new philosoph]s8 ,9 t direction1 alone1 :]e a noble attitude ( m9d prevails1 an attitude ( m9d :i* believes 9 slav]y & 9 manifold ord]s ( rank1 z ! pr]equisites ( any high degree ( culture4 ,9 t direction1 alone1 :]e a creative attitude ( m9d prevails1 an attitude ( m9d :i* does n reg>d ! _w ( happ9ess & repose1 ! ,sabba? ( ,sabba?s z an end to be desir$1 & :i*1 ev5 9 peace1 hon\rs ! means :i* lead to new w>s2 an attitude ( m9d :i* w\ld prescribe laws = ! future1 :i* = ! sake ( ! future w\ld treat ev]y?+ t exi/s to-day ) h>%ness & ev5 tyranny2 a d>+ & immoral attitude ( m9d1 :i* w\ld wi% to see bo? ! good & ! evil qualities 9 man develop$ to _! fulle/ ext5t1 because x w\ld feel itself able to put ea* 9 its "r place--t is to say1 9 t place 9 :i* ea* w\ld ne$ ! o!r4 ,b :at prospect has he ( f9d+ :at he seeks1 :o goes 9 se>* ( philosoph]s to-day8 ,is x n probable t1 ev5 ) ! be/ ,diog5es-lant]n 9 8 h&1 he w w&] ab\t by night & day 9 va98 ,?is age is possess$ ( ! opposite in/9cts4 ,:at x wants1 above all1 is com=t2 secondly1 x wants publicity & ! deaf5+ d9 ( actors' voices1 ! big drum :i* appeals to its ,bank-,holiday ta/es2 ?irdly1 t e "o %\ld lie on 8 belly 9 utt] subjection be=e ! greate/ ( all lies--:i* is ! equality ( m5--& %\ld hon\r only ^? virtues :i* make m5 equal & place !m 9 equal positions4 ,b 9 ?is way1 ! rise ( ! philosoph]1 z ,i und]/& him1 is made completely impossible--despite ! fact t _m may reg>d ! pres5t t5d5cies z r fav\rable to 8 adv5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! :ole _w m\rns1 to-day1 ! h>d times t philosoph]s us$ to h1 hemm$ 9 betwe5 ! fe> ( ! /ake1 a guilty consci5ce1 & ! presumptu\s wisdom ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*3 b ! tru? is1 t precisely ^! conditions 7 ev] s mu* m fav\rable to ! education ( a mighty1 ext5sive1 subtle1 ra%1 & d>+ intellect ?an ! conditions prevail+ to-day4 ,at pres5t ano!r k9d ( intellect1 ! intellect ( ! demagogue1 ( ! actor1 & p]haps ( ! beav]- & ant-l s*ol> too1 f9ds ! be/ possible conditions = its developm5t4 ,b ev5 = arti/s ( a sup]ior calibre ! conditions are already f> f fav\rable3 = does n e "o ( !m1 almo/1 p]i% ow+ to 8 want ( discipl9e8 ,!y are no long] tyrannis$ ov] by an outside p[]--by ! tables ( absolute values en=c$ by a ,*ur* or by a mon>*3 & ?us !y no long] le>n to develop _! inn] tyrant1 _! w4 ,& :at holds good ( arti/s also holds good1 to a great] & m fatal degree1 ( philosoph]s4 ,:]e1 !n1 are free spirits to be f\nd to-day8 ,let any "o %[ me a free _s to-day6 #dfe4 ,"u ,spiritual fre$om ,i und]/& some?+ v def9ite3 x is a /ate 9 :i* "o is a hundr$ times sup]ior to philosoph]s & o!r disciples ( tru? 9 "o's sev]ity t[>ds "o's self1 9 "o's uprightness1 9 "o's c\rage1 & 9 "o's absolute w to say nay ev5 :5 x is dang]\s to say nay4 ,i reg>d ! philosoph]s t h appe>$ h]et(ore z contemptible lib]t9es hid+ beh9d ! petticoats ( ! female ,tru?4 ,,end ,,( ,,vol4 ,i4