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,,! ,,complete ,,works                  
,,(                            ,,fri$ri*
 ,,nietzs*e            ,! ,fir/         
,complete & ,au?oris$ ,engli%           
,translation                            
,,edit$ ,,by                            
,,dr ,,osc> ,,levy    ,illu/ration      
,,volume ,,t5                           
,,! ,,joyful ,,wisdom                   
7,,la ,,gaya ,,sci5za7                  
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,( ! ,fir/ ,edition (                   
,"o ,?\s& ,five ,hundr$                 
,copies ?is is                          
,no4                                    
,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e                    
,,!                                     
,,joyful ,,wisdom                       
7,,la ,,gaya ,,sci5za7                  
,,translat$ ,,by                        
,,?omas ,,common                        
,,) ,,poetry ,,r5d]$ ,,by               

,,paul ,v4 ,,cohn                       
,,&                                     
,,maude ,d4 ,,petre                     
,i /ay to m9e h\se conf9$1              
,nor graft my wits on ali5 /ock2        
,& mock at e ma/] m9d                   
,t nev] at itself c\ld mock4            
,t4 ,n4 ,,f\lis                         
#ac  #ae ,,fr$]ick ,,/reet              
,,ed9burgh3  ,,london                   
#aiaj                                   
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,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$                 
,pr9t$ at ,,! ,,d>i5 ,,press1 ,ed9burgh4
                                        
,,cont5ts                               
,,page           ,,editorial ,,note     
vii           ,,preface ,,to ,,!        
,,second ,,edition                      
#a           ,,je/1 ,,ruse ,,& ,,rev5ge3
 ,a ,,prelude ,,9 ,,rhyme               
#aa           ,,book ,,fir/             
#bi           ,,book ,,second           
#ic           ,,book ,,?ird             

#adi           ,,book ,,f\r?3 ,,sanctus 
,,janu>ius                        #baa  
,,book ,,fif?3 ,,we ,,fe>less ,,ones    
#bgc           ,,app5dix3 ,,songs ,,(   
,,pr9ce ,,free-,,z-,a-,,bird            
#cee                                    
,,editorial ,,note      ,! ,joyful      
,wisdom1 writt5 9 #ahhb1 j be=e         
,z>a?u/ra1 is  rightly judg$ to be "o ( 
,nietzs*e's be/ books4 ,"h ! ess5tially 
grave & mascul9e face ( !               
poet-philosoph] is se5 to light up &    
sudd5ly break into a delightful smile4  
,! w>m? & k9dness t  beam f 8 features w
 a/oni% ^? ha/y psy*ologi/s :o h  nev]  
div9$ t beh9d ! de/roy] is ! creator1 & 
beh9d !  blasphem] ! lov] ( life4 ,9 !  
retrospective valuation ( 8 "w  :i*     
appe>s 9 ,ecce ,homo ! au?or himself    
obs]ves ) tru? t  ! f\r? book1 ,sanctus 
,janu>ius1 des]ves especial att5tion3 ,!
  :ole book is a gift f ! ,sa9t1 & !    
introductory v]ses express  my gratitude
 = ! mo/ wond]ful mon? ( ,janu>y t ,i h 
ev]  sp5t4 ,book fif? ,we ,fe>less      

,ones1 ! ,app5dix ,songs ( ,pr9ce       
,free-z-a-,bird1 & ! ,preface1 7 add$ to
 ! second edition 9  #ahhg4    ,!       
translation ( ,nietzs*e's poetry has    
prov$ to be a m  emb>rass+ problem ?an t
 ( 8 prose4 ,n only has !re be5 a       
difficulty 9 f9d+ adequate              
translators--a difficulty ov]come1 x is 
hop$1 by ! *oice ( ,miss ,petre & ,mr   
,cohn1--b x _c be d5i$  t ev5 9 !       
orig9al ! poems are ( unequal m]it4 ,by 
! side (  su* ma/]pieces z ,to ! ,mi/ral
 are sev]al v]ses (  comp>atively little
 value4 ,! ,editor1 h[ev]1 did n feel   
ju/ifi$  9 mak+ a selection1 z x 0      
int5d$ t ! edition %\ld be  complete4 ,!
 head+1 ,je/1 ,ruse & ,rev5ge1 ( !      
,prelude 9  ,rhyme is borr[$ f ,goe!4   
,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,second             
,,edition4                              
#a4    ,p]haps m ?an "o preface w\ld be 
necess>y = ?is book2 &  aft] all x might
 /ill be d\btful :e!r any "o c\ld be    
br\ght  ne>] to ! exp]i5ces 9 x by means
 ( prefaces1 )\t hav+  himself exp]i5c$ 

some?+ simil>4 ,x seems to be writt5 9 !
  language ( ! ?aw+-w9d3 !re is         
wantonness1 re/lessness1  contradiction 
& ,april-wea!r 9 x2 s t "o is z         
con/antly  rem9d$ ( ! proximity ( w9t] z
 ( ! victory ov] x3 !  victory :i* is   
com+1 :i* mu/ come1 :i* has p]haps      
already  come4444 ,gratitude cont9ually 
fl[s =?1 z if ! mo/ unexpect$  ?+ _h    
happ5$1 ! gratitude ( a convalesc5t--=  
convalesc5ce  0 ?is mo/ unexpect$ ?+4   
,joyful ,wisdom3 t implies !            
,saturnalia ( a _s :i* has pati5tly     
)/ood a long1 frightful                 
pressure--pati5tly1 /r5u\sly1           
impassionately1 )\t submitt+1 b  )\t    
hope--& :i* is n[ sudd5ly o'erp[]$ )    
hope1 ! hope  ( heal?1 ! intoxication ( 
convalesc5ce4 ,:at wond] t mu*  t is    
unreasonable & fooli% !reby comes to    
light3 mu* wanton  t5d]ness exp5d$ ev5  
on problems :i* h a prickly hide1 & are 
n !re=e fit to be fondl$ & allur$4 ,!   
:ole book is really  no?+ b a revel aft]
 long privation & impot5ce3 ! frolick+  

( return+ en]gy1 ( newly awak5$ belief 9
 a to-morr[ &  aft]-to-morr[2 ( sudd5   
s5ti5ce & presci5ce ( a future1 ( ne>   
adv5tures1 ( seas op5 once m1 & aims    
once m p]mitt$ &  believ$ 94 ,& :at 0 n[
 all beh9d me6 ,?is track ( des]t1      
exhau/ion1 unbelief1 & frigidity 9 !    
mid/ ( y\?1 ?is adv5t  ( grey hairs at !
 wrong "t1 ?is tyranny ( pa91 surpass$1 
h[ev]1 by ! tyranny ( pride :i*         
repudiat$ ! consequ5ces (  pa9--&       
consequ5ces are com=ts1--?is radical    
isolation1 z def5ce  aga9/ ! contempt ( 
mank9d become morbidly clairvoyant1 ?is 
re/riction ^u pr9ciple to all t is      
bitt]1 %>p1 & pa9ful 9  k1 z prescrib$  
by ! disgu/ :i* _h gradually result$  f 
imprud5t spiritual diet & pamp]+--x is  
call$  ,romanticism1--oh1 :o c\ld       
realise all ^? feel+s ( m9e6 ,he1       
h[ev]1 :o c\ld d s w\ld c]ta9ly =give me
 ev]y?+1 & m  ?an a little folly1       
boi/]\sness & ,joyful ,wisdom--=        
example1 !  h&ful ( songs :i* are giv5  
along ) ! book on ?is  occasion1--songs 

9 :i* a poet makes m]ry ov] all poets 9 
a way n  easily p>don$4--,alas1 x is n  
only on ! poets & _! f9e  lyrical       
s5tim5ts t ?is reconvalesc5t mu/ v5t 8  
malignity3  :o kn[s :at k9d ( victim he 
seeks1 :at k9d ( mon/] ( mat]ial  =     
p>ody w allure him ere long8 ,incipit   
tragdia1 x is said at  ! conclusion (   
?is s]i\sly frivol\s book2 let p be on  
_!  gu>d6 ,some?+ or o!r extraord9>ily  
bad & wick$ ann\nces  itself3 incipit   
p>odia1 !re is no d\bt444               
#b4    ----,b let u leave ,h]r          
,nietzs*e2 :at does x matt] to p t  ,h]r
 ,nietzs*e has got well aga98444 ,a     
psy*ologi/ kn[s few que/ions  s         
attractive z ^? conc]n+ ! relations (   
heal? to philosophy1  & 9 ! case :5 he  
himself falls sick1 he c>ries ) him all 
8  sci5tific curiosity into 8 sickness4 
,=1 grant+ t "o is a  p]son1 "o has     
necess>ily also ! philosophy ( "o's     
p]sonality1  !re is1 h[ev]1 an important
 di/9ction "h4 ,) ! "o x is 8  defects  
:i* philosophise1 ) ! o!r x is 8 ri*es &

 p[]s4  ,! =m] requires 8 philosophy1   
:e!r x be z support1  s$ative1 or       
m$ic9e1 z salvation1 elevation1 or      
self-ali5ation2 )  ! latt] x is m]ely a 
f9e luxury1 at be/ ! voluptu\sness ( a  
triumphant gratitude1 :i* mu/ inscribe  
itself ultimately 9 cosmic  capitals on 
! heav5 ( ideas4 ,9 ! o!r m usual case1 
h[ev]1  :5 /ates ( di/ress occupy       
!mselves ) philosophy 7z is !  case )   
all sickly ?9k]s--& p]haps ! sickly     
?9k]s  prepond]ate 9 ! hi/ory (         
philosophy71 :at w happ5 to !  ?\ght    
itself :i* is br\ght "u ! pressure (    
sickness8 ,?is  is ! important "q =     
psy*ologi/s3 & "h exp]im5t is  possible4
 ,we philosoph]s d j l a travell] :o    
resolves to awake  at a giv5 h\r1 & !n  
quietly yields himself to sleep3 we     
surr5d]  ourselves tempor>ily1 body &   
s\l1 to ! sickness1 suppos+ we  become  
ill--we %ut1 z x 71 our eyes on         
ourselves4 ,& z !  travell] kn[s t      
some?+ does n sleep1 t some?+ c\nts  !  
h\rs & w awake him1 we also "k t !      

critical mom5t w  f9d u awake--t !n     
some?+ w spr+ =w>d & surprise !  _s 9 ! 
v act1 ,i mean 9 weakness1 or rev]sion1 
or  submission1 or obduracy1 or         
obscurity1 or :atev] ! morbid conditions
  are call$1 :i* 9 times ( good heal? h 
! pride ( ! _s  oppos$ to !m 7= x is z 9
 ! old rhyme3 ,! _s pr\d1  peacock &    
horse are ! ?ree pr\de/ ?+s ( e>?ly     
s\rce74  ,aft] su* self-que/ion+ &      
self-te/+1 "o le>ns to look ) a  %>p]   
eye at all t has hi!rto be5             
philosophis$2 "o div9es  bett] ?an be=e 
! arbitr>y by-ways1 side-/reets1        
re/+-places1  & sunny places ( ?\ght1 to
 :i* suff]+ ?9k]s1 precisely z  suff]]s1
 are l$ & misl$3 "o kn[s n[ 9 :at       
direction !  sickly body & its          
requirem5ts unconsci\sly press1 pu%1 &  
allure  ! _s--t[>ds ! sun1 /illness1    
g5tl5ess1 pati5ce1 m$ic9e1  refre%m5t 9 
any s5se :atev]4 ,e philosophy :i* puts 
peace  high] ?an w>1 e e?ic ) a negative
 grasp ( ! idea (  happ9ess1 e          
metaphysic & physic t kn[s a f9ale1 an  

ultimate condition ( any k9d :atev]1 e  
pr$om9at+1 /hetic  or religi\s long+ =  
an aside1 a beyond1 an outside1 an      
above--all  ^! p]mit "o to ask :e!r     
sickness has n be5 ! motive :i*  inspir$
 ! philosoph]4 ,! unconsci\s disguis+ ( 
physiological  requirem5ts "u ! cloak ( 
! objective1 ! ideal1 ! purely          
spiritual1 is c>ri$ on to an al>m+      
ext5t1--& ,i h (t5 en\gh  ask$ myself1  
:e!r1 on ! :ole1 philosophy hi!rto has n
  g5]ally be5 m]ely an int]pretation ( !
 body1 & a  misund]/&+ ( ! body4 ,beh9d 
! l(tie/ e/imates ( value  by :i* !     
hi/ory ( ?\ght has hi!rto be5 gov]n$1   
misund]/&+s ( ! bodily con/itution1 ei!r
 ( individuals1  classes1 or entire     
races are conceal$4 ,"o may always      
prim>ily  consid] ^! audaci\s freaks (  
metaphysic1 & especially its  answ]s to 
! "q ( ! wor? ( exi/5ce1 z symptoms (   
c]ta9 bodily con/itutions2 & if1 on !   
:ole1 :5 sci5tifically  det]m9$1 n a    
p>ticle ( significance atta*es to su*   
affirmations  & d5ials ( ! _w1 !y       

nev]!less furni% ! hi/orian &           
psy*ologi/ ) h9ts s mu* ! m valuable 7z 
we h said7 z  symptoms ( ! bodily       
con/itution1 its good or bad condition1 
its  fullness1 p[]fulness1 & sov]eignty 
9 hi/ory2 or else ( its  ob/ructions1   
exhau/ions1 & impov]i%m5ts1 its         
premonition ( !  end1 its w to ! end4 ,i
 /ill expect t a philosophical          
physician1 9 ! exceptional s5se ( !     
^w--"o :o applies  himself to ! problem 
( ! collective heal? ( peoples1 p]iods1 
races1 & mank9d g5]ally--w "s day h !   
c\rage to foll[  out my suspicion to its
 ultimate conclusions1 & to v5ture on ! 
judgm5t t 9 all philosophis+ x has n    
hi!rto be5 a "q  ( tru? at all1 b (     
some?+ else1--namely1 ( heal?1 futurity1
  gr[?1 p[]1 life4444                   
#c4    ,x w be surmis$ t ,i %\ld n l to 
take leave ungratefully (  t p]iod (    
sev]e sickness1 ! advantage ( :i* is n  
ev5 yet  exhau/$ 9 me3 = ,i am          
suffici5tly consci\s ( :at ,i h 9       
advance ( ! spiritually robu/ g5]ally1 9

 my *angeful /ate (  heal?4 ,a          
philosoph] :o has made ! t\r ( _m /ates 
( heal?1  & always makes x anew1 has    
also gone ?r\gh j z _m  philosophies3 he
 really _c d o!rwise ?an trans=m 8      
condition on e occasion into ! mo/ +5i\s
 po/ure &  position1--?is art (         
transfiguration is j philosophy4 ,we    
philosoph]s are n at lib]ty to sep>ate  
s\l & body1 z ! p  sep>ate !m2 & we are 
/ill less at lib]ty to sep>ate s\l &    
_s4 ,we are n ?9k+ frogs1 we are n      
objectify+ &  regi/]+ app>atuses ) cold 
entrails1--our ?\ghts mu/ be  cont9ually
 born to u out ( our pa91 & we mu/1     
mo!rlike1 %>e  ) !m all t we h 9 u (    
blood1 he>t1 ard\r1 joy1 passion1  pang1
 consci5ce1 fate & fatality4 ,life--t   
means = u to trans=m  con/antly into    
light & flame all t we are1 & also all t
 we  meet )2 we _c possibly d o!rwise4  
,& z reg>ds sickness1  %\ld we n be     
almo/ tempt$ to ask :e!r we c\ld 9 g5]al
  disp5se ) x8 ,x is great pa9 only :i* 
is ! ultimate  emancipator ( ! _s2 = x  

is ! tea*] ( ! /rong  suspicion :i*     
makes an ,x out ( e ,u#a1 a true1       
correct ,x1  i4e41 ! ante-p5ultimate    
lett]4444 ,x is great pa9 only1 ! long  
sl[ pa9 :i* takes "t1 by :i* we are     
burn$ z x 7 ) gre5  wood1 t compels u   
philosoph]s to desc5d into our ultimate 
dep?s1  & dive/ ourselves ( all tru/1   
all good-nature1 veil+1 g5tl5ess1  &    
av]ag5ess1 :]e9 we h p]haps =m]ly       
in/all$ our  humanity4 ,i d\bt :e!r su* 
pa9 improves u2 b ,i "k t x  deep5s u4  
,be x t we le>n to confront x ) our     
pride1 our  scorn1 our /r5g? ( w1 do+ l 
! ,indian :o1 h[ev] sorely  tortur$1    
rev5ges himself on 8 torm5tor ) 8 bitt] 
tongue2 be  x t we )draw f ! pa9 into ! 
ori5tal no?+ness--x is  call$           
,nirvana1--into mute1 b5umb$1 deaf      
self-surr5d]1  self-=getfulness1 &      
self-effacem5t3 "o em]ges f su* long1   
dang]\s ex]cises 9 self-ma/]y z ano!r   
be+1 ) sev]al  additional notes (       
int]rogation1 & above all1 ) ! w to  "q 
m ?an ev]1 m pr(\ndly1 m /rictly1 m     

/]nly1  m wick$ly1 m quietly ?an has ev]
 be5 que/ion$ hi!rto4  ,confid5ce 9 life
 is gone3 life itself has become a      
problem4--,let x  n be imag9$ t "o has  
necess>ily become a hypo*ondriac !reby6 
,ev5 love ( life is /ill possible--only 
"o loves diff]5tly4 ,x is  ! love ( a   
woman ( :om "o is d\btful4444 ,! *>m1   
h[ev]1 (  all t is problematic1 !       
delight 9 ! ,x1 is too great 9 ^?  m    
spiritual & m spiritualis$ m51 n to     
spread itself aga9  & aga9 l a cle> gl[ 
ov] all ! tr\ble ( ! problematic1  ov]  
all ! dang] ( unc]ta9ty1 & ev5 ov] !    
jeal\sy ( !  lov]4 ,we "k a new         
happ9ess4444                            
#d4    ,f9ally1 7t ! mo/ ess5tial may n 
rema9 unsaid71 "o comes back  out ( su* 
abysses1 out ( su* sev]e sickness1 & out
 ( !  sickness ( /rong                  
suspicion--new-born1 ) ! sk9 ca/2 m     
s5sitive1 m wick$1 ) a f9] ta/e = joy1 )
 a m delicate  tongue = all good ?+s1 ) 
a m]ri] disposition1 ) a second  & m    
dang]\s innoc5ce 9 joy2 m *ildi% at !   

same "t1 &  a hundr$ times m ref9$ ?an  
ev] be=e4 ,oh1 h[ repugnant to u  n[ is 
pleasure1 co>se1 dull1 drab pleasure1 z 
! pleasure-seek]s1  our cultur$ classes1
 our ri* & rul+ classes1 usually und]/& 
x6 ,h[ malignantly we n[ li/5 to ! great
 holiday-hubbub ) :i*  cultur$ p &      
city-m5 at pres5t all[ !mselves to be   
=c$  to spiritual enjoym5t by art1      
books1 & music1 ) ! help (  spiritu\s   
liquors6 ,h[ ! !atrical cry ( passion n[
 pa9s our e>1  h[ /range to our ta/e has
 all ! romantic riot & s5su\s bu/le  :i*
 ! cultur$ populace love become 7toge!r 
) _! aspirations  aft] ! exalt$1 !      
elevat$1 & ! intricate76 ,no1 if we     
convalesc5ts ne$ an art at all1 x is    
ano!r art--a mock+1 light1  volatile1   
div9ely s]5e1 div9ely +5i\s art1 :i*    
blazes up l  a cle> flame1 into a       
cl\dless heav56 ,above all1 an art =    
arti/s1  only = arti/s6 ,we at la/ "k   
bett] :at is fir/ ( all necess>y  =     
x--namely1 *e]fulness1 e k9d (          
*e]fulness1 my fri5ds6  also z          

arti/s3--,i %\ld l to prove x4 ,we n[ "k
 some?+ too  well1 we m5 ( k3 oh1 h[    
well we are n[ le>n+ to =get  & n "k1 z 
arti/s6 ,& z to our future1 we are n    
likely to  be f\nd aga9 9 ! tracks ( ^? 
,egyptian y\?s :o at night make  !      
temples unsafe1 embrace /atues1 & w\ld  
fa9 unveil1 uncov]1 &  put 9 cle> light1
 ev]y?+ :i* = good reasons is kept      
conceal$4#b ,no1 we h got disgu/$ ) ?is 
bad ta/e1 ?is w  to tru?1 to tru? at all
 co/s1 ?is y\?ful madness 9 ! love (    
tru?3 we are n[ too exp]i5c$1 too s]i\s1
 too joyful1 too s+$1  too pr(\nd =     
t4444 ,we no long] believe t tru? rema9s
 tru?  :5 ! veil is )drawn f x3 we h    
liv$ long en\gh to believe  ?is4 ,at    
pres5t we reg>d x z a matt] ( propriety 
n to be anxi\s  ei!r to see ev]y?+ nak$1
 or to be pres5t at ev]y?+1 or to       
und]/& & "k ev]y?+4 ,is x true t ! good 
,god is  ev]y:]e pres5t8 ask$ a little  
girl ( h] "m3 ,i ?9k t is  indec5t3--a  
h9t to philosoph]s6 ,"o %\ld h m rev]5ce
 =  ! %amefac$ness ) :i* nature has     

conceal$ h]self beh9d  enigmas & motley 
unc]ta9ties4 ,p]haps tru? is a woman :o 
has  reasons = n %[+ h] reasons8 ,p]haps
 h] "n is ,baubo1 to speak  9 ,greek8444
 ,oh1 ^? ,greeks6 ,!y knew h[ to live3 =
 t purpose  x is necess>y to keep       
bravely to ! surface1 ! fold & ! sk92   
to wor%ip appe>ance1 to believe 9 =ms1  
tones1 & words1 9 !  :ole ,olympus (    
appe>ance6 ,^? ,greeks 7 sup]ficial--f  
pr(undity6 ,& are we n com+ back        
precisely to ?is po9t1 we  d>e-devils ( 
! _s1 :o h scal$ ! highe/ & mo/  dang]\s
 peak ( contempor>y ?\ght1 & h look$    
ar\nd u f  x1 h look$ d[n f x8 ,are we n
 precisely 9 ?is  respect--,greeks8     
,wor%ipp]s ( =ms1 ( tones1 & ( words8 ,&
  precisely on t acc\nt--arti/s8        
,,ruta1 ne> ,,g5oa    ,autumn1 #ahhf4   
-----    ,footnote #a3      ,?is means  
lit]ally to put ! num]al ,x in/ead ( !  
num]al ,v    7=m]ly ,u72 h5ce x means to
 d\ble a numb] unfairly1 to             
exagg]ate1 humbug1 *eat4--,,tr4         
,footnote #b3      ,an allusion to      

,s*ill]'s poem3 ,! ,veil$ ,image (      
,sais4--,,tr4                           
,,je/1 ,,ruse ,,& ,,rev5ge4             
,a ,,prelude ,,9 ,,rhyme4               
#a4                                     
,invitation4                            
,v5ture1 comrades1 ,i implore y1        
,on ! f>e ,i set be=e y1                
,y w l x m to-morr[1                    
,bett] /ill ! foll[+ day3               
,if yet m y're !n requir+1              
,old success ,i'll f9d inspir+1         
,& fre% c\rage !nce w borr[             
,novel da9ties to display4              
#b4                                ,my  
,good ,luck4                    ,we>y ( 
,seek+ _h ,i gr[n1                    ,s
 taught myself ! way to ,f9d3           
,back by ! /orm ,i once 0 bl[n1         
,b foll[ n[1 :]e drives ! w9d4          
#c4                                     
,undismay$4                     ,:]e    
y're /&+1 dig1 dig out3                 
,d[n bel['s ! ,well3                    
,let !m t walk 9 d>kness %\t3           

,d[n bel[--!re's ,hell6                 
#d4                                     
,dialogue4                     ,a4 ,0 ,i
 ill8 & is x end$8                      
,pray1 by :at physician t5d$8           
,i recall no pa9 endur$6                
,b4 ,n[ ,i "k y\r tr\ble's end$3        
,he t c =get1 is cur$4                  
#e4                               ,to ! 
,virtu\s4            ,let our virtues be
 easy & nimble-foot$ 9 motion1          
,l unto ,hom]'s v]se ought !y to come & 
to g4                                   
#f4                                     
,worldly ,wisdom4                       
,/ay n on level pla91                   
,climb n ! m\nt too high1               
,b half-way up rema9--                  
,! _w y'll be/ descry6                  
#g4                                     
,vademecum--,vadetecum4                 
,attract$ by my /yle & talk             
,y'd foll[1 9 my foot/eps walk8         
,foll[ y\rself unsw]v+ly1               
,s--c>eful6--%all y foll[ me4           

#h4                             ,! ,?ird
 ,sl\gh+4                   ,my sk9     
bur/s1 breaks = fre% rebir?1            
,& new desires come ?rong+3             
,mu* ,i've dev\r$1 yet = m e>?          
,! s]p5t 9 me's long+4                  
',twixt /one & grass ,i crawl once m1   
,hungry1 by crook$ ways1                
,to eat ! food ,i ate be=e1             
,e>?-f>e all s]p5ts praise6             
#i4                                  ,my
 ,roses4                    ,my luck's  
good--,i'd make y\rs fair]1             
7,good luck ev] ne$s a %>]71            
,w y /op & pluck my roses8              
,(t mid rocks & ?orns y'll l+]1         
,hide & /oop1 suck ble$+ f+]--          
,w y /op & pluck my roses8              
,= my good luck's a trifle vici\s1      
,fond ( teas+1 tricks malici\s--        
,w y /op & pluck my roses8              
#aj4                                 ,! 
,scorn]4                       ,_m drops
 ,i wa/e & spill1                     ,s
 my scornful mood y curse3              

,:o to brim 8 cup do? fill1             
,_m drops mu/ wa/e & spill--            
,yet he ?9ks ! w9e no worse4            
#aa4                             ,!     
,prov]b ,speaks4                    ,h>%
 & g5tle1 f9e & mean1                   
,q r>e & common1 dirty & clean1         
,! fools' & ! sages' g-betwe53          
,all ?is ,i w be1 ?is h be51            
,dove & s]p5t & sw9e1 ,i we56           
#ab4                             ,to a  
,lov] ( ,light4                       ,t
 eye & s5se be n =done                  
,e'en 9 ! %ade pursue ! sun6            
#ac4                                 ,= 
,danc]s4                                
,smoo!/ ice1                        ,a  
p>adise                        ,to him  
:o is a danc] nice4                     
#ad4                                ,!  
,brave ,man4                    ,a feud 
t kn[s n flaw nor break1                
,r !n pat*$-up fri5d%ip1 take4          
#ae4                                    
,ru/4                  ,ru/'s ne$$3     

ke5ness w n satisfy6                ,he 
is too "y6 ! rabble loves to cry4       
#af4                                    
,excelsior4                      ,h[    
%all ,i rea* ! top8 ,no "t              
,= ?us reflect+6 ,/>t to climb6         
#ag4                           ,! ,man (
 ,p[] ,speaks4                      ,ask
 nev]6 ,cease t :9+1 pray6              
,take )\t ask+1 take alway6             
#ah4                                    
,n>r[ ,s\ls4                     ,n>r[  
s\ls hate ,i l ! devil1                 
,s\ls :]e9 gr[s nor good nor evil4      
#ai4                                    
,accid5tally a ,s$uc]4#c                
,he %ot an empty ^w                     
,into ! empty blue2                     
,b on ! way x met                       
,a woman :om x slew4                    
#bj4                              ,=    
,consid]ation4                   ,a     
tw(old pa9 is easi] f> to be>           
,?an "o3 s n[ to suff] wilt ?\ d>e8     
#ba4                                    

,aga9/ ,pride4                  ,bro!r1 
to puff ?yself up ne'er be quick3       
,= bur/ ?\ %alt be by a t9y prick6      
#bb4                                ,man
 & ,woman4                  ,! woman    
seize1 :o to ?y he>t appeals6           
,man's motto3 woman seizes n1 b /eals4  
#bc4                                    
,int]pretation4                         
,if ,i expla9 my wisdom1 surely         
',tis b entangl$ m securely1            
,i c't exp\nd myself aright3            
,b he t's boldly up & do+1              
,8 own unaid$ c\rse pursu+1             
,^u my image ca/s m light6              
#bd4                            ,a ,cure
 = ,pessimism4                  ,^? old 
caprici\s fancies1 fri5d6               
,y say y\r palate naught c please1      
,i he> y blu/]1 spit & :eeze1           
,my love1 my pati5ce soon w end6        
,pluck up y\r c\rage1 foll[ me--        
,"h's a fat toad6 ,n[ !n1 don't bl9k1   
,swall[ x :ole1 nor pause to ?9k6       
,f y\r dyspepsia y'll be free6          

#be4                                  ,a
 ,reque/4                     ,_m m5's  
m9ds ,i "k full well1                   
,yet :at m9e own is1 _c tell4           
,i _c see--my eye's too ne>--           
,& falsely to myself appe>4             
',tw\ld be to me a b5efit               
,f> f myself if ,i c\ld sit1            
,less di/ant ?an my enemy1              
,& yet my ne>e/ fri5d's too nigh--      
',twixt him & me1 j 9 ! middle6         
,:at d ,i ask =8 ,guess my riddle6      
#bf4                                 ,my
 ,cruelty4                       ,i mu/ 
asc5d an hundr$ /airs1                  
,i mu/ asc5d3 ! h]d decl>es             
,i'm cruel3 ,are we made ( /one8        
,i mu/ asc5d an hundr$ /airs3           
,all m5 ! "p ( /air dis[n4              
#bg4                                ,!  
,w&]]4              ,no long] pa?6      
,abyss & sil5ce *ill+6            ,?y   
fault6 ,to leave ! pa? ?\ wa/ too will+6
            ,n[ comes ! te/6 ,keep      
cool--eyes bright & cle>6               

,?\'rt lo/ = sure1 if ?\ p]mitte/--fe>4 
#bh4                                    
,enc\ragem5t = ,beg9n]s4                
,see ! infant1 helpless creep+--        
,sw9e ar\nd x grunt sw9e-talk--         
,weep+ always1 naught b weep+1          
,w x ev] le>n to walk8                  
,nev] fe>6 ,j wait1 ,i swe> x           
,soon to dance w be incl9$1             
,& ?is babe1 :5 two legs be> x1         
,/&+ on its head y'll f9d4              
#bi4                                    
,planet ,egoism4                        
,did ,i n turn1 a roll+ cask1           
,ev] ab\t myself1 ,i ask1               
,h[ c\ld ,i )\t burn+ run               
,close on ! track ( ! hot sun8          
#cj4                                ,!  
,neighb\r4                      ,too    
nigh1 my fri5d my joy do? m>1           
,i'd h him high above & f>1             
,or h[ c he become my />8               
#ca4                             ,!     
,disguis$ ,sa9t4                    ,le/
 we = ?y bliss %\ld slay !e1            

,9 devil's wiles ?\ do/ array !e1       
,devil's wit & devil's dress4           
,b 9 va96 ,?y looks betray !e           
,& proclaim ?y hol9ess4                 
#cb4                                  ,!
 ,slave4                  ,a4 ,he /&s & 
li/5s3 :5ce 8 pa98                      
,:at smote 8 e>s8 ,"s f> refra98        
,:y is 8 he>t ) angui% torn8            
,b4 ,l all t fett]s once h worn1        
,he always he>s ! cl9k+--*a96           
#cc4                                ,!  
,lone ,"o4                  ,i hate to  
foll[ & ,i hate to lead4                
,ob$i5ce8 no6 & rul+8 no1 inde$6        
,w\ld/ fe>ful be 9 o!rs' sight8         
,!n e'en ?yself ?\ mu/ affright3        
,! p b ! ,t]ror's guidance he$4         
,i hate to guide myself1 ,i hate ! fray4
                ,l ! wild bea/s ,i'll   
w&] f> afield4                  ,9      
,error's pleas+ toils ,i'll roam        
,a:ile1 !n lure myself back home1       
,back home1 &--to my self-s$uction      
yield4                                  

#cd4                          ,s5eca et 
hoc ,g5us omne4                   ,!y   
write & write 7q madd5+ me7             
,_! sapi5t twaddle airy1                
,z if 'tw]e primum scrib]e1             
,de9de philosoph>i4                     
#ce4                                    
,ice4                          ,yes6 ,i 
manufacture ice3                        
,ice may help y to dige/3               
,if y _h mu* to dige/1                  
,h[ y w\ld enjoy my ice6                
#cf4                                    
,y\?ful ,writ+s4                    ,my 
wisdom's ,a & f9al ,o                   
,0 !n ! s\nd t smote m9e e>4            
,yet n[ x r+s no long] s1               
,my y\?'s et]nal ,ah6 & ,oh6            
,is n[ ! only s\nd ,i he>4#d            
#cg4                                    
,=esight4           ,9 yond] region     
travell+1 take good c>e6         ,an ha/
 ?\ wit1 !n be ?\ d\bly w>e6            
,!y'll smile & lure !e2 !n ?y limbs     
!y'll te>3         ,fanatics' c\ntry ?is

 :]e wits are r>e6                      
#ch4                            ,! ,pi\s
 ,"o ,speaks4                 ,god loves
 u1 = he made u1 s5t u "h6--            
,man ha? made ,god6 ye subtle ones      
reply4               ,8 h&iwork he mu/  
hold de>1               ,& :at he made  
%all he d5y8               ,!re s\nds ! 
devil's halt+ ho(1 ,i fe>4              
#ci4                                  ,9
 ,summ]4                   ,9 sweat (   
face1 s runs ! scre$1                   
,we e'er mu/ eat our bread1             
,yet wise physicians if we he$          
,eat naught 9 sweat1 'tis said4         
,! dog-/>'s bl9k+3 :at's 8 ne$8         
,:at tells 8 blaz+ sign8                
,9 sweat ( face 7s runs 8 scre$7        
,we're meant to dr9k our w9e6           
#dj4                                ,)\t
 ,envy4               ,8 look bewrays no
 envy3 & ye laud him8             ,he   
c>es n1 asks n if y\r ?rong applaud him6
             ,he has ! eagle's eye =    
di/ance f>1             ,he sees y n1 he

 sees b /> on />6                       
#da4                                    
,h]aclitism4                   ,bre?r51 
w>'s ! orig9                   ,(       
happ9ess on e>?3                        
,p[d]-smoke & battle-d9                 
,witness fri5d%ip's bir?6               
,fri5d%ip means ?ree ?+s1 y "k1--       
,k9%ip 9 luckless plight1               
,equality be=e ! foe                    
,fre$om--9 dea?'s sight6                
#db4                          ,maxim ( !
 ,ov]-ref9$4                        ,r  
on y\r toes /& high                     
,?an crawl ^u all f\rs1                 
,r ?r\gh ! keyhole spy                  
,?an ?r\gh op5 doors6                   
#dc4                                    
,exhortation4                     ,r5[n 
y're q resolv$ to e>n8                  
,my ?\ght ab\t x                   ,is  
?is3 y ne$ n fame1 mu/ le>n             
,to d )\t x6                            
#dd4                                    
,?or\gh4                ,i an ,inquir]8 

,no1 t's n my call+                ,only
 ,i weigh a lot--,i'm su* a lump6--     
,& ?r\gh ! wat]s ,i keep fall+1 fall+1  
,till on ! ocean's deepe/ b$ ,i bump4   
#de4                                ,!  
,immortals4             ,to-day is meet 
= me1 ,i come to-day1           ,su* is 
! spee* ( m5 =$oom$ to /ay4             
,?\ art too soon1 !y cry1 ?\ art too    
late1           ,:at c>e ! ,immortals   
:at ! rabble say8                       
#df4                            ,v]dicts
 ( ! ,we>y4                   ,! we>y   
%un ! gl>+ sun1 afraid1                 
,& only c>e = trees to ga9 ! %ade4      
#dg4                                    
,desc5t4               ,he s9ks1 he     
falls1 y\r scornful looks port5d3       
,! tru? is1 to y\r level he'll desc5d4  
,8 ,too ,mu* ,joy is turn$ to we>9ess1  
,8 ,too ,mu* ,light w 9 y\r d>kness end4
                                        
#dh4                             ,nature
 ,sil5c$4#e                    ,ar\nd my
 neck1 on *a9 ( hair1                   

,! timepiece hangs--a sign ( c>e4       
,= me ! />ry c\rse is o'er1             
,no sun & %ad[ z be=e1                  
,no cockcr[ summons at ! door1          
,= nature tells ! "t no m6              
,too _m clocks h] voice h dr[n$1        
,& dron+ law has dull$ h] s\nd4         
#di4                               ,!   
,sage ,speaks4                 ,/range  
to ! cr[d1 yet useful to ! cr[d1        
,i /ill pursue my pa?1 n[ sun1 n[ cl\d1 
,b always pass above ! cr[d6            
#ej4                             ,he lo/
 8 ,head4444                ,%e n[ has  
wit--h[ did x come h] way8              
,a man ?r\gh h] 8 reason lo/1 !y say4   
,8 head1 ?\gh wise ere to ?is pa/ime    
l5t1              ,/raight to !         
devil--no1 to woman w5t6                
#ea4                                ,a  
,pi\s ,wi%4                 ,oh1 might  
all keys be lo/6 ',tw]e bett] s         
,& 9 all keyholes might ! pick-lock g6  
,:o ?us reflects ye may z--picklock "k4 
#eb4                                    

,foot ,writ+4               ,i write n )
 ! h& alone1               ,my foot w\ld
 write1 my foot t cap]s1                
,firm1 free & bold1 x's m>*+ on         
,n[ ?r\gh ! fields1 n[ ?r\gh ! pap]s4   
#ec4                          ,human1   
,all-too-,human4444               ,%y1  
gloomy1 :5 y\r looks are backw>d ?ru/1  
,tru/+ ! future :]e y\rself y tru/1     
,are y an eagle1 mid ! nobl] f[l1       
,or are y l ,m9]va's d>l+ owl8          
#ed4                                ,to 
my ,read]4                     ,good    
tee? & a dige/ion good                  
,i wi% y--^! y ne$1 be sure6            
,&1 c]tes1 if my book y've /ood1        
,me ) good hum\r y'll endure4           
#ee4                            ,!      
,reali/ic ,pa9t]4                ,to    
nature true1 complete6 s he beg9s4      
,:o complete ,nature to 8 canvas w9s8   
,h] t9ie/ fragm5t's endless1 no con/ra9t
              ,c "k3 he pa9ts j :at 8   
fancy p9s3              ,:at does 8     
fancy p98 ,:at he c pa9t6               

#ef4                                    
,poets' ,vanity4                        
,glue1 only glue to me disp5se1         
,! wood ,i'll f9d myself1 don't fe>6    
,to give f\r s5seless v]ses s5se--      
,t's an a*ievem5t ,i rev]e6             
#eg4                              ,ta/e 
9 ,*oos+4                      ,if to   
*oose my ni*e precise                   
,fre$om ,i c\ld w9 f fate1              
,i'd be 9 mid/ ( ,p>adise--             
,or1 soon] /ill--be=e ! gate6           
#eh4                              ,!    
,crook$ ,nose4                     ,wide
 bl[ y\r no/rils1 & across              
,! l& y\r nose holds haughty sway3      
,s y1 unhorn$ rh9oc]os1                 
,pr\d mannik91 fall =w>d aye6           
,! "o trait ) ! o!r goes3               
,a /raight pride & a crook$ nose4       
#ei4                          ,! ,p5 is 
,scrat*+4444                   ,! p5 is 
scrat*+3 hang ! p56                     
,to scrat*+ ,i'm condemn$ to s9k6       
,i grasp ! ink/& fi]cely !n             

,& write 9 floods ( fl[+ ink4           
,h[ broad1 h[ full ! /ream's c>e]6      
,:at luck my lab\rs do? requite6        
',tis true1 ! writ+'s none too cle>--   
,:at !n8 ,:o reads ! /uff ,i write8     
#fj4                                    
,l(ti] ,spirits4                   ,?is 
man's climb+ up--let u praise him--     
,b t o!r we love                 ,f al(t
 do? et]nally move1                 ,s  
above ev5 praise let u raise him1       
,he comes f above6                      
#fa4                             ,!     
,sceptic ,speaks4             ,y\r life 
is half-way o'er2           ,! clock-h& 
moves2 y\r s\l is ?rill$ ) fe>1         
,x roam$ to di/ant %ore           ,&    
s\ght & f\nd n1 yet y--l+] "h6          
,y\r life is half-way o'er2           ,t
 h\r by h\r 0 pa9 & error %e]3          
,:y /ay8 ,:at seek y m8           ,t's  
:at ,i'm seek+--reasons :y ,i'm "h6     
#fb4                                    
,ecce ,homo4                    ,yes1 ,i
 "k :]e ,i'm relat$1                  ,l

 ! flame1 unqu5*$1 unsat$1              
,i consume myself & gl[3                
,all's turn$ to light ,i lay my h& on1  
,all to coal t ,i ab&on1                
,yes1 ,i am a flame1 ,i "k6             
#fc4                              ,/>   
,morality4#f                     ,=$oom$
 to spaces va/ & f>1                    
,:at matt]s d>kness to ! />8            
,roll calmly on1 let "t g by1           
,let sorr[s pass !e--nations die6       
,compassion w\ld b dim ! light          
,t di/ant worlds w gladly sight4        
,to !e "o law--be pure & bright6        
-----    ,footnote #c3      ,translat$  
by ,miss ,m4 ,d4 ,petre4    ,footnote   
#d3      ,a & ,o1 sugge/ive ( ,ah6 &    
,oh6 ref] ( c\rse to ,alpha & ,omega1   
! fir/ & la/ lett]s ( ! ,greek          
alphabet4--,,tr4    ,footnote #e3       
,translat$ by ,miss ,m4 ,d4 ,petre4     
,footnote #f3      ,translat$ by ,miss  
,m4 ,d4 ,petre4                         
,,book ,,fir/                           
#a4    ,! ,tea*]s ( ! ,object (         

,exi/5ce4--,:e!r ,i look ) a good or  an
 evil eye ^u m51 ,i f9d !m always at "o 
problem1 ea* & all (  !m3 to d t :i*    
conduces to ! cons]vation ( ! human     
species4 ,& c]ta9ly n out ( any s5tim5t 
( love = ?is  species1 b simply because 
no?+ 9 !m is old]1 /rong]1 m            
inexorable1 & m unconqu]able ?an t      
in/9ct1--because x is  precisely !      
ess5ce ( our race & h]d4 ,al?\gh we are 
accu/om$  readily en\gh1 ) our usual    
%ort-sight$ness1 to sep>ate our         
neighb\rs precisely into useful &       
hurtful1 into good & evil m51  yet :5 we
 make a g5]al calculation1 & on long]   
reflection on !  :ole "q1 we become     
di/ru/ful ( ?is def9+ & sep>at+1  &     
f9ally leave x alone4 ,ev5 ! mo/ hurtful
 man is /ill p]haps1  9 respect to !    
cons]vation ( ! race1 ! mo/ useful (    
all2 =  he cons]ves 9 himself or by 8   
effect on o!rs1 impulses )\t  :i* mank9d
 might long ago h langui%$ or decay$4   
,hatr$1 delight  9 mis*ief1 rapacity &  
ambition1 & :atev] else is call$        

evil--belong to ! m>vell\s economy ( !  
cons]vation ( ! race2  to be sure a     
co/ly1 lavi%1 & on ! :ole v fooli%      
economy3--:i* has1 h[ev]1 hi!rto pres]v$
 our race1 z is  demon/rat$ to u4 ,i no 
long] "k1 my de> fell[-man & neighb\r1  
if ?\ can/ at all live to ! disadvantage
 ( ! race1 &  !re=e1 unreasonably &     
badly2 t :i* c\ld h injur$ !  race has  
p]haps di$ out _m mill5niums ago1 & n[  
belongs to !  ?+s :i* are no long]      
possible ev5 to ,god4 ,indulge ?y be/ or
 ?y  wor/ desires1 & above all1 g to    
wreck6--9 ei!r case ?\ art /ill         
probably ! fur!r] & b5efactor ( mank9d 9
 "s way or o!r1  & 9 t respect ?\ maye/ 
h ?y panegyri/s--& simil>ly ?y  mock]s6 
,b ?\ wilt nev] f9d him :o w\ld be q    
qualifi$ to  mock at !e1 ! individual1  
at ?y be/1 :o c\ld br+ home to ?y       
consci5ce its limitless1 buzz+ & croak+ 
wret*$ness s z to be  9 accord ) tru?6  
,to laugh at oneself z "o w\ld h to     
laugh 9  ord] to laugh out ( ! v]ie/    
tru?1--to d ?is ! be/ h n  hi!rto _h    

en\gh ( ! s5se ( tru?1 & ! mo/ end[$ h  
_h  f> too little g5ius6 ,!re is p]haps 
/ill a future ev5 =  laught]6 ,:5 !     
maxim1 ,! race is all1 ! individual is  
no?+1--has incorporat$ itself 9         
humanity1 & :5 access /&s  op5 to e "o  
at all times to ?is ultimate            
emancipation &                          
irresponsibility4--,p]haps !n laught] w 
h unit$ ) wisdom1  p]haps !n !re w be   
only joyful wisdom4 ,mean:ile1 h[ev]1 x 
is q o!rwise1 mean:ile ! com$y ( exi/5ce
 has n yet  become consci\s ( itself1   
mean:ile x is /ill ! p]iod (  trag$y1 ! 
p]iod ( morals & religions4 ,:at does ! 
ev] new  appe>+ ( f\nd]s ( morals &     
religions1 ( in/igators (  /ruggles =   
moral valuations1 ( tea*]s ( remorse (  
consci5ce &  religi\s w>1 imply8 ,:at d 
^! h]oes on ?is /age imply8 ,= !y  h    
hi!rto be5 ! h]oes ( x1 & all else1 ?\gh
 solely visible  = ! "t be+1 & too close
 to "o1 has s]v$ only z prep>ation  = ^!
 h]oes1 :e!r z ma*9]y & c\lisse1 or 9 ! 
rle (  confidants & valets4 7,! poets1 =

 example1 h always be5 !  valets ( "s   
morality or o!r47--,x is obvi\s ( itself
 t ^!  trag$ians also "w 9 ! int]e/ ( ! 
race1 ?\gh !y may  believe t !y "w 9 !  
int]e/ ( ,god1 & z emiss>ies ( ,god4    
,!y also fur!r ! life ( ! species1 9 t  
!y fur!r !  belief 9 life4 ,x is wor?   
:ile to live--ea* ( !m calls  out1--!re 
is some?+ ( importance 9 ?is life2 life 
has some?+  beh9d x & "u x2 take c>e6 ,t
 impulse1 :i* rules equally 9  ! noble/ 
& ! ignoble/1 ! impulse t[>ds !         
cons]vation (  ! species1 breaks =? f "t
 to "t z reason & passion (  _s2 x has  
!n a brilliant tra9 ( motives ab\t x1 & 
tries  ) all its p[] to make u =get t   
fundam5tally x is j  impulse1 in/9ct1   
folly & baselessness4 ,life %\ld be     
lov$1 =  4446 ,man %\ld b5efit himself &
 8 neighb\r1 = 4446 ,&  :atev] all ^!   
%\lds & =s imply1 & may imply 9 future6 
,9 ord] t t :i* necess>ily & always     
happ5s ( itself &  )\t design1 may      
h5ce=? appe> to be done by design1 & may
  appeal to m5 z reason & ultimate      

comm&1--= t purpose !  e?iculturi/ comes
 =w>d z ! tea*] ( design 9 exi/5ce2 =  t
 purpose he devises a second & diff]5t  
exi/5ce1 & by means  ( ?is new me*anism 
he lifts ! old common exi/5ce (f its old
  common h+es4 ,no6 he does n at all    
want u to laugh at exi/5ce1  nor ev5 at 
ourselves--nor at himself2 to him an    
individual is always an  individual1    
some?+ fir/ & la/ & imm5se1 to him !re  
are no  species1 no sums1 no n\ghts4    
,h[ev] fooli% & fanatical 8  inv5tions &
 valuations may be1 h[ev] mu* he may    
misund]/& !  c\rse ( nature & d5y its   
conditions--& all sy/ems ( e?ics  hi!rto
 h be5 fooli% & anti-natural to su* a   
degree t  mank9d w\ld h be5 ru9$ by any 
"o ( !m _h x got ! upp]  h&1--at any    
rate1 e "t t ! h]o came ^u ! /age       
some?+ new 0 atta9$3 ! frightful        
c\nt]p>t ( laught]1 !  pr(\nd convulsion
 ( _m individuals at ! ?\ght1 ,yes1 x is
  wor? :ile to live6 yes1 ,i am wor?y to
 live6--life1 & ?\1 & ,i1  & all ( u    
toge!r became = a :ile int]e/+ to       

ourselves  once m4--,x is n to be d5i$ t
 hi!rto laught] & reason &  nature h 9 !
 long run got ! upp] h& ( all ! great   
tea*]s ( design3 9 ! end ! %ort trag$y  
always pass$ ov] once  m into ! et]nal  
com$y ( exi/5ce2 & ! waves ( innum]able 
laught]s--to use ! expression (         
s*ylus--mu/ also 9 ! end beat  ov] !    
greate/ ( ^! trag$ies4 ,b ) all ?is     
corrective  laught]1 human nature has on
 ! :ole be5 *ang$ by ! ev] new          
appe>ance ( ^? tea*]s ( ! design (      
exi/5ce1--human nature  has n[ an       
additional requirem5t1 ! v requirem5t ( 
! ev] new  appe>ance ( su* tea*]s &     
doctr9es ( design4 ,man has gradually   
become a vision>y animal1 :o has to     
fulfil "o m condition (  exi/5ce ?an !  
o!r animals3 man mu/ f "t to "t believe 
t he kn[s :y he exi/s2 8 species _c     
fl\ri% )\t  p]iodically confid+ 9 life6 
,)\t ! belief 9 reason 9 life6  ,&      
always f "t to "t w ! human race decree 
anew t !re  is some?+ :i* really may n  
be laugh$ at4 ,& ! mo/  clairvoyant     

philan?ropi/ w add t n only laugh+ &    
joyful  wisdom1 b also ! tragic1 ) all  
its sublime irrationality1 c\nts  among 
! means & necessities = ! cons]vation ( 
! race6--,&  consequ5tly6 ,consequ5tly6 
,consequ5tly6 ,d y und]/& me1 oh my     
bro!rs8 ,d y und]/& ?is new law ( ebb & 
fl[8 ,we also %all  h our "t6           
#b4    ,! ,intellectual ,consci5ce4--,i 
h always ! same exp]i5ce ov]  aga91 &   
always make a new ef=t aga9/ x2 = al?\gh
 x is  evid5t to me ,i d n want to      
believe x3 9 ! great] numb] ( m5  !     
intellectual consci5ce is lack+2 inde$1 
x w\ld (t5 seem to  me t 9 dem&+ su* a  
?+1 "o is z solit>y 9 ! l>ge/  cities z 
9 ! des]t4 ,ev]yone looks at y ) /range 
eyes1 &  cont9ues to make use ( 8       
scales1 call+ ?is good & t bad2 &  no "o
 blu%es = %ame :5 y rem>k t ^! weights  
are n !  full am\nt1--!re is also no    
indignation aga9/ y2 p]haps !y  laugh at
 y\r d\bt4 ,i mean to say t ! great]    
numb] ( p  d n f9d x contemptible to    
believe ?is or t1 & live accord+  to x1 

)\t hav+ be5 previ\sly aw>e ( ! ultimate
 & sure/  reasons = & aga9/ x1 & )\t ev5
 giv+ !mselves any  tr\ble ab\t su*     
reasons aft]w>ds1--! mo/ gift$ m5 & !   
noble/ wom5 /ill belong to ?is great]   
numb]4 ,b :at is  k9d-he>t$ness1        
ref9em5t & g5ius to me1 if ! man ) ^!   
virtues h>b\rs indol5t s5tim5ts 9 belief
 & judgm5t1 if !  long+ = c]ta9ty does n
 rule 9 him1 z 8 inn]mo/ desire &       
pr(\nde/ ne$--z t :i* sep>ates high] f  
l[] m56 ,9  c]ta9 pi\s p ,i h f\nd a    
hatr$ ( reason1 & h be5  fav\rably      
dispos$ to !m = x3 _! bad1 intellectual 
consci5ce  /ill betray$ itself1 at lea/ 
9 ?is mann]6 ,b to /& 9 !  mid/ ( ?is   
r]um concordia discors & all ! m>vell\s 
unc]ta9ty & ambiguity ( exi/5ce1 & n to 
"q1 n to  tremble ) desire & delight 9  
que/ion+1 n ev5 to hate !               
que/ion]--p]haps ev5 to make m]ry ov]   
him to ! ext5t (  we>9ess--t is :at ,i  
reg>d z contemptible1 & x is ?is        
s5tim5t :i* ,i fir/ ( all se>* = 9 e    
"o3--"s folly or  o!r always p]suades me

 anew t e man has ?is s5tim5t1 z  man4  
,?is is my special k9d ( unrighte\sness4
                                        
#c4    ,noble & ,ignoble4--,to ignoble  
natures all noble1 magnanim\s  s5tim5ts 
appe> inexp$i5t1 & on t acc\nt fir/ &   
=emo/1  z incr$ible3 !y bl9k ) _! eyes  
:5 !y he> ( su*  matt]s1 & seem incl9$  
to say1 !re w1 no d\bt1 be "s  advantage
 !refrom1 "o _c see ?r\gh all walls2--!y
 are jeal\s  ( ! noble p]son1 z if he   
s\ght advantage by back-/air me?ods4    
,:5 !y are all too pla9ly conv9c$ ( !   
abs5ce ( selfi%  int5tions & emolum5ts1 
! noble p]son is reg>d$ by !m z a  k9d (
 fool3 !y despise him 9 8 gladness1 &   
laugh at ! lu/re  ( 8 eye4 ,h[ c a p]son
 rejoice at be+ at a disadvantage1 h[  c
 a p]son ) op5 eyes want to meet )      
disadvantage6 ,x mu/ be a  disease ( !  
reason ) :i* ! noble affection is       
associat$1--s  !y ?9k1 & !y look        
depreciat+ly !reon2 j z !y  depreciate !
 joy :i* ! lunatic d]ives f 8 fix$ idea4
 ,!  ignoble nature is di/+ui%$ by !    

fact t x keeps its advantage  /eadily 9 
view1 & t ?is ?\ght ( ! end & advantage 
is ev5  /rong] ?an its /ronge/ impulse3 
n to be tempt$ to inexp$i5t  activities 
by its impulses--t is its wisdom &      
inspiration4 ,9  comp>ison ) ! ignoble  
nature ! high] nature is m              
irrational3--= ! noble1 magnanim\s1 &   
self-sacrific+ p]son  succumbs 9 fact to
 8 impulses1 & 9 8 be/ mom5ts 8 reason  
lapses altoge!r4 ,an animal1 :i* at !   
risk ( life protects its  "y1 or 9 !    
pair+ season foll[s ! female :]e x meets
 )  dea?1 does n ?9k ( ! risk & ! dea?2 
its reason pauses  likewise1 because its
 delight 9 its "y1 or 9 ! female1 & !   
fe> ( be+ depriv$ ( ?is delight1 dom9ate
 x exclusively2 x  becomes /upid] ?an at
 o!r times1 l ! noble & magnanim\s      
p]son4 ,he possesses feel+s ( pleasure &
 pa9 ( su* int5sity  t ! intellect mu/  
ei!r be sil5t be=e !m1 or yield itself  
to  _! s]vice3 8 he>t !n goes into 8    
head1 & "o h5ce=?  speaks ( passions4   
7,"h & !re to be sure1 ! anti!sis to    

?is1 & z x 7 ! rev]se ( passion1 pres5ts
 itself2 =  example 9 ,font5elle1 to :om
 "s "o once laid ! h& on ! he>t  ) !    
words1 ,:at y h !re1 my de>e/ fri5d1 is 
bra9  also47 ,x is ! unreason1 or p]v]se
 reason ( passion1 :i* !  ignoble man   
despises 9 ! noble individual1          
especially :5 x  conc5trates ^u objects 
^: value appe>s to him to be altoge!r   
fanta/ic & arbitr>y4 ,he is (f5d$ at him
 :o succumbs to !  passion ( ! belly1 b 
he und]/&s ! allurem5t :i* "h plays  !  
tyrant2 b he does n und]/&1 = example1  
h[ a p]son out (  love ( k c /ake 8     
heal? & hon\r on ! game4 ,! ta/e  ( !   
high] nature devotes itself to          
exceptional matt]s1 to ?+s  :i* usually 
d n affect p1 & seem to h no sweetness2 
!  high] nature has a s+ul> /&>d (      
value4 ,besides1 x is mo/ly (  ! belief 
t x has n a s+ul> /&>d ( value 9 its    
idiosyncrasies ( ta/e2 x r sets up its  
values & non-values z  ! g5]ally valid  
values & non-values1 & ?us becomes      
incompreh5sible & impracticable4 ,x is v

 r>ely t a high]  nature has s mu*      
reason ov] & above z to und]/& & deal ) 
ev]yday m5 z su*2 = ! mo/ "p x believes 
9 its passion z if  x 7 ! conceal$      
passion ( e "o1 & precisely 9 ?is belief
  x is full ( ard\r & eloqu5ce4 ,if !n  
su* exceptional m5 d n  p]ceive !mselves
 z exceptions1 h[ c !y ev] und]/& !     
ignoble natures & e/imate av]age m5     
fairly6 ,?us x is t !y  also speak ( !  
folly1 inexp$i5cy & fantasy ( mank9d1   
full (  a/oni%m5t at ! madness ( ! _w1 &
 t x w n recognise  ! "o ?+ ne$ful =    
x4--,?is is ! et]nal unrighte\sness (   
noble natures4                          
#d4    ,t :i* ,pres]ves ! ,species4--,! 
/ronge/ & mo/ evil spirits  h hi!rto    
advanc$ mank9d ! mo/3 !y always rek9dl$ 
!  sleep+ passions--all ord]ly arrang$  
society lulls ! passions to  sleep2 !y  
always reawak5$ ! s5se ( comp>ison1 (   
contradiction1  ( delight 9 ! new1 !    
adv5tur\s1 ! untri$2 !y compell$ m5  to 
set op9ion aga9/ op9ion1 ideal plan     
aga9/ ideal plan4 ,by means  ( arms1 by 

upsett+ b\nd>y-/ones1 by violations (   
piety mo/ (  all3 b also by new         
religions & morals6 ,! same k9d (       
wick$ness  is 9 e tea*] & prea*] ( !    
new--:i* makes a conqu]or  infam\s1     
al?\gh x expresses itself m ref9$ly1 &  
does n  imm$iately set ! muscles 9      
motion 7& j on t acc\nt does n  make s  
infam\s674 ,! new1 h[ev]1 is "u all     
circum/ances !  evil1 z t :i* wants to  
conqu]1 :i* tries to upset ! old        
b\nd>y-/ones & ! old piety2 only ! old  
is ! good6 ,! good  m5 ( e age are ^? :o
 g to ! roots ( ! old ?\ghts &  be>     
fruit ) !m1 ! agriculturi/s ( ! _s4 ,b e
 soil  becomes f9ally exhau/$1 & !      
pl\gh%>e ( evil mu/ always come  once   
m4--,!re is at pres5t a fundam5tally    
errone\s !ory (  morals :i* is mu*      
celebrat$1 especially 9 ,engl&3 accord+ 
to x  ! judgm5ts good & evil are !      
accumulation ( ! exp]i5ces  ( t :i* is  
exp$i5t & inexp$i5t2 accord+ to ?is     
!ory1 t :i* is call$ good is cons]vative
 ( ! species1 :at  is call$ evil1 h[ev]1

 is detrim5tal to x4 ,b 9 reality ! evil
  impulses are j 9 z high a degree      
exp$i5t1 indisp5sable1 &  cons]vative ( 
! species z ! good3--only1 _! function  
is  diff]5t4                            
#e4    ,unconditional ,duties4--,all m5 
:o feel t !y ne$ ! /ronge/  words &     
intonations1 ! mo/ eloqu5t ge/ures &    
attitudes1 9  ord] to op]ate at         
all--revolution>y politicians1          
sociali/s1  prea*]s ( rep5tance ) or )\t
 ,*ri/ianity1 ) all ( :om  !re mu/ be no
 m]e half-success1--all ^! speak (      
duties1 &  inde$1 always ( duties1 :i* h
 ! "* ( be+  unconditional--)\t su* !y  
w\ld h no "r to _! excessive  pa?os3 !y 
"k t "r well6 ,!y grasp1 !re=e1 at      
philosophies ( morality :i* prea* "s k9d
 ( categorical  imp]ative1 or !y        
assimilate a good lump ( religion1 z1 = 
example1  ,mazz9i did4 ,because !y want 
to be tru/$ unconditionally1 x is  fir/ 
( all necess>y = !m to tru/ !mselves    
unconditionally1 on  ! basis ( "s       
ultimate1 undebatable comm&1 sublime 9  

itself1 z  ! m9i/]s & in/rum5ts ( :i*1  
!y w\ld fa9 feel &  ann\nce !mselves4   
,"h we h ! mo/ natural1 & = ! mo/  "p1 v
 influ5tial oppon5ts ( moral enlight5m5t
 & scepticism3  b !y are r>e4 ,on ! o!r 
h&1 !re is always a v num]\s  class ( ^?
 oppon5ts :]ev] int]e/ tea*es           
subjection1 :ile  repute & hon\r seem to
 =bid x4 ,he :o feels himself di%on\r$  
at  ! ?\ght ( be+ ! in/rum5t ( a pr9ce1 
or ( a p>ty &  sect1 or ev5 ( weal?y p[]
 7= example1 z ! desc5dant ( a  pr\d1   
anci5t family71 b wi%es j to be ?is     
in/rum5t1 or mu/  be s be=e himself &   
be=e ! public--su* a p]son has ne$ (    
pa!tic pr9ciples :i* c at all times be  
appeal$ to3--pr9ciples (  an            
unconditional ought1 to :i* a p]son c   
subject himself )\t  %ame1 & c %[       
himself subject$4 ,all m ref9$ s]vility 
holds  fa/ to ! categorical imp]ative1 &
 is ! mortal enemy ( ^? :o  want to take
 away ! unconditional "* ( duty3        
propriety dem&s  ?is f !m1 & n only     
propriety4                              

#f4    ,loss ( ,dignity4--,m$itation has
 lo/ all its dignity ( =m2 !  c]emonial 
& solemn be>+ ( ! m$itative p]son h be5 
made a  mock]y1 & "o w\ld no long]      
endure a wise man ( ! old /yle4 ,we  ?9k
 too ha/ily & on ! way & :ile walk+ & 9 
! mid/ (  bus9ess ( all k9ds1 ev5 :5 we 
?9k on ! mo/ s]i\s matt]s2  we require  
little prep>ation1 ev5 little quiet3--x 
is z if ea* ( u  c>ri$ ab\t an unceas+ly
 revolv+ ma*9e 9 8 head1 :i* /ill       
works1 ev5 "u ! mo/ unfav\rable         
circum/ances4 ,=m]ly x 0  p]ceiv$ 9 a   
p]son t on "s occasion he want$ to      
?9k--x 0  p]haps ! exception6--t he n[  
want$ to become wis] & collect$  8 m9d  
on a ?\ght3 he put on a long face = x1 z
 = a pray]1  & arre/$ 8 /ep--nay1 /ood  
/ill = h\rs on ! /reet :5 !  ?\ght      
came--on "o or on two legs4 ,x 0 ?us    
wor?y ( !  affair6                      
#g4    ,some?+ = ! ,labori\s4--,he :o at
 pres5t wants to make moral  que/ions a 
subject ( /udy has an imm5se field (    
lab\r be=e him4  ,all k9ds ( passions   

mu/ be ?\ght ab\t s+ly1 & foll[$ s+ly   
?r\gh\t p]iods1 peoples1 great &        
insignificant individuals2 all  _!      
rationality1 all _! valuations &        
elucidations ( ?+s1  ought to come to   
light6 ,hi!rto all t has giv5 col\r to  
exi/5ce  has lack$ a hi/ory3 :]e w\ld "o
 f9d a hi/ory ( love1 (  av>ice1 ( envy1
 ( consci5ce1 ( piety1 ( cruelty8 ,ev5 a
  comp>ative hi/ory ( law1 z also (     
puni%m5t1 has hi!rto be5  completely    
lack+4 ,h ! diff]5t divisions ( ! day1 !
  consequ5ces ( a regul> appo9tm5t ( !  
times = lab\r1 fea/1  & repose1 ev] be5 
made ! object ( inve/igation8 ,d we "k !
  moral effects ( ! alim5t>y sub/ances8 
,is !re a philosophy (  nutrition8 7,!  
ev]-recurr+ outcry = & aga9/            
veget>ianism  proves t z yet !re is no  
su* philosophy67 ,h ! exp]i5ces  ) reg>d
 to communal liv+1 = example1 9         
mona/]ies1 be5  collect$8 ,has !        
dialectic ( m>riage & fri5d%ip be5 set  
=?8  ,! cu/oms ( ! le>n$1 ( trades-p1 ( 
arti/s1 & (  me*anics--h !y already f\nd

 _! ?9k]s8 ,!re is s mu* to  ?9k (      
!reon6 ,all t up till n[ has be5        
consid]$ z !  conditions ( exi/5ce1 (   
human be+s1 & all reason1 passion &     
sup]/ition 9 ?is consid]ation--h !y be5 
inve/igat$ to !  end8 ,! obs]vation     
alone ( ! diff]5t degrees ( developm5t  
:i*  ! human impulses h atta9$1 & c\ld  
yet atta91 accord+ to !  diff]5t moral  
climates1 w\ld furni% too mu* "w = ! mo/
  labori\s2 :ole g5]ations1 & regul>    
co-op]at+ g5]ations (  ! le>n$1 w\ld be 
ne$$ 9 ord] to exhau/ ! po9ts ( view &  
! mat]ial "h furni%$4 ,! same is true ( 
! det]m9+ ( !  reasons = ! diff]5ces ( !
 moral climates 7on :at acc\nt  does ?is
 sun ( a fundam5tal moral judgm5t & /&>d
 ( highe/  value %9e "h--& t sun !re874 
,& !re is aga9 a new lab\r  :i* po9ts   
out ! errone\sness ( all ^! reasons1 &  
det]m9es  ! entire ess5ce ( ! moral     
judgm5ts hi!rto made4 ,suppos+ all  ^!  
lab\rs to be accompli%$1 ! mo/ critical 
( all que/ions  w\ld !n come into !     
=egr\nd3 :e!r sci5ce is 9 a position to 

furni% goals = human action1 aft] x has 
prov$ t x c take  !m away & annihilate  
!m--& !n w\ld be ! "t = a process  (    
exp]im5t+ 9 :i* e k9d ( h]oism c\ld     
satisfy itself1 an  exp]im5t+ =         
c5turies1 :i* w\ld put into ! %ade all !
  great lab\rs & sacrifices ( previ\s   
hi/ory4 ,sci5ce has n  hi!rto built its 
,cyclopic /ructures2 = t also ! "t w    
come4                                   
#h4    ,unconsci\s ,virtues4--,all      
qualities 9 a man ( :i* he is           
consci\s--& especially :5 he presumes t 
!y are visible &  evid5t to 8 environm5t
 also--are subject to q o!r laws (      
developm5t ?an ^? qualities :i* are     
unkn[n to him1 or  imp]fectly kn[n1 :i* 
by _! subtlety c also conceal !mselves  
f ! subtle/ obs]v]1 & hide z x 7 beh9d  
no?+1--z 9  ! case ( ! delicate         
sculptures on ! scales ( reptiles 7x    
w\ld  be an error to suppose !m an      
adornm5t or a def5ce--= "o sees !m  only
 ) ! microscope2 consequ5tly1 ) an eye  
artificially  /r5g!n$ to an ext5t (     

vision :i* simil> animals1 to :i* !y    
might p]haps h meant adornm5t or def5ce1
 d n possess67 ,our  visible moral      
qualities1 & especially our moral       
qualities believ$ to  be visible1 foll[ 
_! own c\rse1--& our invisible qualities
 (  simil> "n1 :i* 9 relation to o!rs   
nei!r s]ve = adornm5t  nor def5ce1 also 
foll[ _! own c\rse3 q a diff]5t c\rse   
probably1 & ) l9es & ref9em5ts1 &       
sculptures1 :i* might  p]haps give      
pleasure to a ,god ) a div9e microscope4
 ,we h1 =  example1 our dilig5ce1 our   
ambition1 our acut5ess3 all ! _w kn[s   
ab\t !m1--& besides1 we h probably once 
m our dilig5ce1  our ambition1 our      
acut5ess2 b = ^!--our reptile scales--! 
microscope has n yet be5 inv5t$6--,& "h 
! adh]5ts (  in/9ctive morality w say1  
,bravo6 ,he at lea/ reg>ds unconsci\s   
virtues z possible--t suffices u6--,oh1 
ye unexact+ creatures6                  
#i4    ,our ,eruptions4--,numb]less ?+s 
:i* humanity acquir$ 9 its  e>li] /ages1
 b s weakly & embryonically t x c\ld n  

be  notic$ t !y 7 acquir$1 are ?ru/     
sudd5ly into light long  aft]w>ds1      
p]haps aft] ! lapse ( c5turies3 !y h 9 !
  int]val become /rong & mature4 ,9 "s  
ages ?is or t tal5t1  ?is or t virtue   
seems to be entirely lack+1 z x is 9 "s 
m52  b let u wait only = ! gr&*ildr5 &  
gr&*ildr5's *ildr51  if we h "t to      
wait1--!y br+ ! int]ior ( _! gr&fa!rs   
into ! sun1 t int]ior ( :i* ! gr&fa!rs  
!mselves 7  unconsci\s4 ,! son1 inde$1  
is (t5 ! betray] ( 8 fa!r2 !  latt]     
und]/&s himself bett] s9ce he has got 8 
son4 ,we h all  hidd5 g>d5s &           
plantations 9 u2 & by ano!r simile1 we  
are all  gr[+ volcanoes1 :i* w h _! h\rs
 ( eruption3--h[ ne> or  h[ di/ant ?is  
is1 nobody ( c\rse kn[s1 n ev5 ! good   
,god4                                   
#aj4    ,a ,species ( ,atavism4--,i l   
be/ to ?9k ( ! r>e m5 ( an age  z       
sudd5ly em]g+ aft]%oots ( pa/ cultures1 
& ( _!  p]si/5t /r5g?3 l ! atavism ( a p
 & its  civilisation3--!re is ?us /ill  
some?+ 9 !m to ?9k (6 ,!y  n[ seem      

/range1 r>e1 & extraord9>y3 & he :o     
feels ^! =ces  9 himself has to fo/] !m 
9 face ( a diff]5t1 oppos+ _w2 he  has  
to def5d !m1 hon\r !m1 & re> !m to      
maturity3 & he  ei!r becomes a great man
 !reby1 or a d]ang$ & ecc5tric p]son1   
unless he %\ld altoge!r break d[n       
betimes4 ,=m]ly ^! r>e  qualities 7     
usual1 & 7 consequ5tly reg>d$ z common3 
!y did  n di/+ui% p4 ,p]haps !y 7 dem&$ 
& presuppos$2 x  0 impossible to become 
great ) !m1 = inde$ !re 0 also no  dang]
 ( becom+ insane & solit>y ) !m4--,x is 
pr9cipally 9  ! old-e/abli%$ families & 
ca/es ( a p t su*  aft]-effects ( old   
impulses pres5t !mselves1 :ile !re is no
  probability ( su* atavism :]e races1  
habits1 & valuations *ange  too rapidly4
 ,= ! tempo ( ! evolutional =ces 9      
peoples  implies j z mu* z 9 music2 =   
our case an &ante ( evolution  is       
absolutely necess>y1 z ! tempo ( a      
passionate & sl[  _s3--& ! _s ( cons]v+ 
families is c]ta9ly ( t  sort4          
#aa4    ,consci\sness4--,consci\sness is

 ! la/ & late/ developm5t ( !  organic1 
& consequ5tly also ! mo/ unf9i%$ & lea/ 
p[]ful (  ^! developm5ts4 ,innum]able   
mi/akes orig9ate out ( consci\sness1    
:i*1 9 spite ( fate1 z ,hom] says1 cause
 an animal or a man to  break d[n e>li] 
?an might be necess>y4 ,if ! cons]v+    
bond (  ! in/9cts 7 n v mu* m p[]ful1 x 
w\ld n g5]ally  s]ve z a regulator3 by  
p]v]se judg+ & dream+ ) op5 eyes1  by   
sup]ficiality & cr$ulity1 9 %ort1 j by  
consci\sness1  mank9d w\ld necess>ily h 
brok5 d[n3 or r1 )\t !  =m] !re w\ld    
long ago h be5 no?+ m ( ! latt]6 ,be=e  
a function is fully =m$ & matur$1 x is a
 dang] to ! organism3  all ! bett] if x 
be !n ?or\ghly tyrannis$ ov]6           
,consci\sness  is ?us ?or\ghly tyrannis$
 ov]--& n lea/ by ! pride 9 x6 ,x  is   
?\ght t "h is ! qu9tess5ce ( man2 t :i* 
is  endur+1 et]nal1 ultimate1 & mo/     
orig9al 9 him6 ,consci\sness is  reg>d$ 
z a fix$1 giv5 magnitude6 ,its gr[? &   
int]mitt5ces are  d5i$6 ,x is accept$ z 
! unity ( ! organism6--,?is ludicr\s    

ov]valuation & misconception (          
consci\sness1 has z its result !  great 
utility1 t a too rapid matur+ ( x has   
!reby be5  h9d]$4 ,because m5 believ$ t 
!y already possess$  consci\sness1 !y   
gave !mselves v little tr\ble to acquire
  x--& ev5 n[ x is n o!rwise6 ,x is /ill
 an entirely new  problem j dawn+ on !  
human eye & h>dly yet pla9ly            
recognisable3 to embody k 9 ourselves & 
make x  in/9ctive1--a problem :i* is    
only se5 by ^? :o h grasp$ !  fact t    
hi!rto our errors alone h be5 embodi$ 9 
u1 & t  all our consci\sness is relative
 to errors6                             
#ab4    ,! ,goal ( ,sci5ce4--,:at8 ,!   
ultimate goal ( sci5ce is to create  !  
mo/ pleasure possible to man1 & ! lea/  
possible pa98 ,b :at  if pleasure & pa9 
%\ld be s closely connect$ t he :o wants
  ! greate/ possible am\nt ( ! "o mu/   
also h ! greate/  possible am\nt ( !    
o!r1--t he :o wants to exp]i5ce !       
heav5ly high jubilation1#g mu/ also be  
ready to be sorr[ful unto  dea?87ref4   

same footnote7 ,& x is s1 p]haps6 ,!    
,/oics at lea/  believ$ x 0 s1 & !y 7   
consi/5t :5 !y wi%$ to h  ! lea/        
possible pleasure1 9 ord] to h ! lea/   
possible pa9  f life4 7,:5 "o uses !    
expression3 ,! virtu\s man is !         
happie/1 x is z mu* ! sign-bo>d ( !     
s*ool = ! masses1 z  a casui/ic subtlety
 = ! subtle47 ,at pres5t also ye h /ill 
!  *oice3 ei!r ! lea/ possible pa91 9   
%ort pa9lessness--&  aft] all1 sociali/s
 & politicians ( all p>ties c\ld n      
hon\rably promise m to _! p1--or !      
greate/ possible  am\nt ( pa91 z ! price
 ( ! gr[? ( a fullness ( ref9$  delights
 & enjoym5ts r>ely ta/$ hi!rto6 ,if ye  
decide = !  =m]1 if ye !re=e want to    
depress & m9imise man's capacity =  pa91
 well1 ye mu/ also depress & m9imise 8  
capacity =  enjoym5t4 ,9 fact1 "o c     
fur!r ! "o z well z ! o!r goal  by      
sci5ce6 ,p]haps sci5ce is z yet be/ kn[n
 by its capacity =  depriv+ man (       
enjoym5t1 & mak+ him cold]1 m /atuesque1
 &  m ,/oical4 ,b x might also turn out 

to be ! great  pa9-br+]6--,& !n1 p]haps1
 its c\nt]act+ =ce w\ld be  discov]$    
simultane\sly1 its imm5se capacity =    
mak+ new sid]eal  worlds ( enjoym5t beam
 =?6                                    
#ac4    ,! ,!ory ( ! ,s5se ( ,p[]4--,we 
ex]cise our p[] ov] o!rs by  do+ !m good
 or by do+ !m ill--t is all we c>e =6   
,do+  ill to ^? on :om we h to make our 
p[] felt2 = pa9 is a f>  m s5sitive     
means = t purpose ?an pleasure3--pa9    
always asks  conc]n+ ! cause1 :ile      
pleasure is incl9$ to keep )9 itself  & 
n look backw>d4 ,do+ good & be+ k9d to  
^? :o are 9  any way already dep5d5t on 
u 7t is1 :o are accu/om$ to ?9k (  u z  
_! raison d'tre72 we want to increase _!
 p[]1 because  we ?us increase our own2 
or we want to %[ !m ! advantage !re is  
9 be+ 9 our p[]1--!y ?us become m       
cont5t$ ) _!  position1 & m ho/ile to ! 
enemies ( our p[] & readi] to  cont5d ) 
!m4 ,if we make sacrifices 9 do+ good or
 9 do+ ill1  x does n alt] ! ultimate   
value ( our actions2 ev5 if we /ake  our

 life 9 ! cause1 z m>tyrs = ! sake ( our
 *ur*1 x is a  sacrifice to our long+ = 
p[]1 or = ! purpose ( cons]v+  our s5se 
( p[]4 ,he :o "u ^! circum/ances feels t
 he is  9 possession ( tru?1 h[ _m      
possessions does he n let g1 9  ord] to 
pres]ve ?is feel+6 ,:at does he n ?r[   
ov]bo>d1 9  ord] to keep himself up1--t 
is to say1 above ! o!rs :o lack  ! tru?6
 ,c]ta9ly ! condition we are 9 :5 we d  
ill is seldom  s pleasant1 s purely     
pleasant1 z t 9 :i* we practise         
k9dness1--x is an indication t we /ill  
lack p[]1 or x betrays  ill-hum\r at ?is
 defect 9 u2 x br+s ) x new dang]s &    
unc]ta9ties z to ! p[] we already       
possess1 & cl\ds our horizon  by !      
prospect ( rev5ge1 scorn1 puni%m5t &    
failure4 ,p]haps only  ^? mo/           
susceptible to ! s5se ( p[]1 & eag] = x1
 w  pref] to impress ! seal ( p[] on !  
resi/+ individual1--^?  to :om ! sight (
 ! already subjugat$ p]son z ! object ( 
b5evol5ce is a burd5 & a t$ium4 ,x is a 
"q h[ a p]son is  accu/om$ to season 8  

life2 x is a matt] ( ta/e :e!r a  p]son 
w\ld r h ! sl[ or ! sudd51 ! safe or !  
dang]\s & d>+ increase ( p[]1--he seeks 
?is or t season+  always accord+ to 8   
temp]am5t4 ,an easy booty is some?+     
contemptible to pr\d natures2 !y h an   
agreeable s5sation only at  ! sight ( m5
 ( unbrok5 _s :o c\ld be enemies to !m1 
&  simil>ly1 also1 at ! sight ( all n   
easily accessible possession2  !y are   
(t5 h>d t[>d ! suff]]1 = he is n wor?y (
 _!  ef=t or _! pride1--b !y %[ !mselves
 s mu* ! m  c\rte\s t[>ds _! equals1 )  
:om /rife & /ruggle w\ld 9  any case be 
full ( hon\r1 if at any "t an occasion =
 x %\ld  pres5t itself4 ,x is "u !      
agreeable feel+s ( ?is p]spective  t !  
memb]s ( ! knightly ca/e h habituat$    
!mselves to  exquisite c\rtesy t[>d "o  
ano!r4--,pity is ! mo/ pleasant feel+  9
 ^? :o h n mu* pride1 & h no prospect ( 
great  conque/s3 ! easy booty--& t is   
:at e suff]] is--is = !m  an en*ant+ ?+4
 ,pity is said to be ! virtue ( ! gay   
lady4                                   

#ad4    ,:at is call$ ,love4--,! lu/ (  
prop]ty & love3 :at diff]5t             
associations ea* ( ^! ideas evoke6--&   
yet x might be ! same  impulse twice    
nam$3 on ! "o occasion disp>ag$ f !     
/&po9t  ( ^? already possess+ 79 :om !  
impulse has atta9$ some?+  ( repose1 &  
:o are n[ appreh5sive = ! safety ( _!   
possession72 on ! o!r occasion view$ f !
 /&po9t ( !  unsatisfi$ & ?ir/y1 & !re=e
 glorifi$ z good4 ,our love (  our      
neighb\r1--is x n a /riv+ aft] new      
prop]ty8 ,& simil>ly  our love ( k1 (   
tru?2 & 9 g5]al all ! /riv+ aft]        
novelties8 ,we gradually become satiat$ 
) ! old1 ! securely  possess$1 & aga9   
/ret* out our h&s2 ev5 ! f9e/ l&scape 9 
:i* we live = ?ree mon?s is no long]    
c]ta9 ( our love1 & any  k9d ( m di/ant 
coa/ excites our covet\sness3 !         
possession =  ! mo/ "p becomes small]   
?r\gh possess+4 ,our pleasure 9         
ourselves seeks to ma9ta9 itself1 by    
always trans=m+ some?+ new  into        
ourselves1--t is j possess+4 ,to become 

satiat$ ) a  possession1 t is to become 
satiat$ ) ourselves4 7,"o c also  suff] 
f excess1--ev5 ! desire to ca/ away1 to 
%>e out1 c  assume ! hon\rable "n (     
love47 ,:5 we see any "o suff]+1 we     
will+ly utilise ! opportunity !n af=d$  
to take possession (  him2 ! b5efic5t & 
sympa!tic man1 = example1 does ?is2 he  
also  calls ! desire = new possession   
awak5$ 9 him1 by ! "n (  love1 & has    
enjoym5t 9 x1 z 9 a new acquisition     
sugge/+  itself to him4 ,! love ( !     
sexes1 h[ev]1 betrays itself mo/  pla9ly
 z ! /riv+ aft] possession3 ! lov] wants
 !  uncondition$1 sole possession ( !   
p]son long$ = by him2 he wants  j z     
absolute p[] ov] h] s\l z ov] h] body2  
he wants to be  lov$ solely1 & to dwell 
& rule 9 ! o!r s\l z :at is highe/  &   
mo/ to be desir$4 ,:5 "o consid]s t ?is 
means precisely to  exclude all ! _w f a
 preci\s possession1 a happ9ess1 & an   
enjoym5t2 :5 "o consid]s t ! lov] has 9 
view !  impov]i%m5t & privation ( all   
o!r rivals1 & w\ld l to  become ! dragon

 ( 8 gold5 ho>d1 z ! mo/ inconsid]ate & 
selfi% ( all conqu]ors & exploit]s2 :5  
"o consid]s f9ally  t to ! lov] himself1
 ! :ole _w besides appe>s indiff]5t1    
col\rless1 & wor?less1 & t he is ready  
to make e sacrifice1  di/urb e          
arrangem5t1 & put e o!r int]e/ beh9d 8  
own1--"o is v]ily surpris$ t ?is f]oci\s
 lu/ ( prop]ty &  inju/ice ( sexual love
 %\ld h be5 glorifi$ & deifi$ to su*  an
 ext5t at all times2 yea1 t out ( ?is   
love ! conception (  love z ! anti!sis (
 egoism %\ld h be5 d]iv$1 :5 x is       
p]haps precisely ! mo/ unqualifi$       
expression ( egoism4 ,"h1  evid5tly1 !  
non-possessors & desir]s h det]m9$ !    
usage (  language1--!re 71 ( c\rse1     
always too _m ( !m4 ,^? :o h  be5 fav\r$
 ) mu* possession & satiety1 h1 to be   
sure1  dropp$ a ^w n[ & !n ab\t ! rag+  
demon1 z1 = in/ance1  ! mo/ lovable &   
mo/ belov$ ( all ! ,a!nians--,sophocles2
 b  ,eros always laugh$ at su*          
revil]s1--!y 7 always 8 greate/         
fav\rites4--,!re is1 ( c\rse1 "h & !re  

on ?is t]re/rial  sph]e a k9d ( sequel  
to love1 9 :i* t covet\s long+ ( two    
p]sons = "o ano!r has yield$ to a new   
desire & covet\sness1 to  a common1     
high] ?ir/ = a sup]ior ideal /&+ above  
!m3 b  :o kn[s ?is love8 ,:o has        
exp]i5c$ x8 ,its "r "n is  fri5d%ip4    
#ae4    ,out ( ! ,di/ance4--,?is m\nta9 
makes ! :ole di/rict :i* x  dom9ates    
*>m+ 9 e way1 & full ( significance3    
aft] we h  said ?is to ourselves = !    
hundr$? "t1 we are s irrationally  & s  
gratefully dispos$ t[>ds x1 z ! giv] (  
?is *>m1 t  we fancy x mu/ itself be !  
mo/ *>m+ ?+ 9 ! di/rict--&  s we climb  
x1 & are undeceiv$4 ,all ( a sudd51 x   
itself1 & !  :ole l&scape ar\nd & "u u1 
is z x 7 dis5*ant$2 we _h  =gott5 t _m a
 greatness1 l _m a goodness1 wants only 
to be  se5 at a c]ta9 di/ance1 &        
entirely f bel[1 n f above1--x  is ?us  
only t x op]ates4 ,p]haps y "k m5 9 y\r 
neighb\rhood :o c only look at !mselves 
f a c]ta9 di/ance to  f9d !mselves at   
all endurable1 or attractive & enliv5+2 

!y are  to be dissuad$ f self-k4        
#af4    ,across ! ,plank4--,"o mu/ be   
able to dissimulate 9 int]c\rse )       
p]sons :o are a%am$ ( _! feel+s2 !y     
exp]i5ce a sudd5  av]sion t[>ds anyone  
:o surprises !m 9 a /ate ( t5d]1 or     
en?usia/ic & high-runn+ feel+1 z if he  
_h se5 _! secrets4  ,if "o wants to be  
k9d to !m 9 su* mom5ts "o %\ld make !m  
laugh1 or say "s k9d ( cold1 playful    
wick$ness3--_! feel+  !reby congeals1 & 
!y are aga9 self-possess$4 ,b ,i give ! 
moral be=e ! /ory4--,we 7 once on a "t s
 ne> "o ano!r 9  ! c\rse ( our lives1 t 
no?+ m seem$ to h9d] our  fri5d%ip &    
frat]nity1 & !re 0 m]ely a small plank  
betwe5  u4 ,:ile y 7 j ab\t to /ep on x1
 ,i ask$ y3 ,d y want  to come across ! 
plank to me8 ,b !n y did n want to come 
any  long]2 & :5 ,i aga9 entreat$1 y 7  
sil5t4 ,s9ce !n  m\nta9s & torr5ts1 &   
:atev] sep>ates & ali5ates1 h  int]pos$ 
betwe5 u1 & ev5 if we want$ to come to  
"o ano!r1 we  c\ld no long] d s6 ,:51   
h[ev]1 y n[ rememb] t small plank1  y h 

no long] words1--b m]ely sobs &         
amazem5t4                               
#ag4    ,motivation ( ,pov]ty4--,we _c1 
to be sure1 by any artifice make a  ri* 
& ri*ly-fl[+ virtue out ( a poor "o1 b  
we c gracefully  en\gh re9t]pret its    
pov]ty into necessity1 s t its aspect no
  long] gives pa9 to u1 & we d n make   
any reproa*ful faces at  fate on acc\nt 
( x4 ,x is ?us t ! wise g>d5] does1 :o  
puts  ! t9y /reamlet ( 8 g>d5 into !    
arms ( a f\nta9-nymph1 &  ?us motivates 
! pov]ty3--& :o w\ld n l him ne$ !      
nymphs6                                 
#ah4    ,anci5t ,pride4--,! anci5t sav\r
 ( nobility is lack+ 9 u1  because !    
anci5t slave is lack+ 9 our s5tim5t4 ,a 
,greek ( noble  desc5t f\nd su* imm5se  
int]m$iate /ages1 & su* a di/ance       
betwixt 8 elevation & t ultimate        
bas5ess1 t he c\ld h>dly  ev5 see !     
slave pla9ly3 ev5 ,plato no long] saw   
him entirely4 ,x is  o!rwise ) u1       
accu/om$ z we are to ! doctr9e ( !      
equality ( m51 al?\gh n to ! equality   

itself4 ,a be+ :o has  n ! free disposal
 ( himself & has n got leisure1--t is n 
reg>d$ by u z any?+ contemptible2 !re is
 p]haps too mu* (  ?is k9d ( slavi%ness 
9 ea* ( u1 9 accordance ) !  conditions 
( our social ord] & activity1 :i* are   
fundam5tally  diff]5t f ^? ( !          
anci5ts4--,! ,greek philosoph] w5t ?r\gh
  life ) ! secret feel+ t !re 7 _m m    
slaves ?an  p suppos$--t is to say1 t e 
"o 0 a slave :o 0 n a  philosoph]4 ,8   
pride 0 puff$ up :5 he consid]$ t ev5 ! 
mightie/ ( ! e>? 7 ?us to be look$ ^u z 
slaves4 ,?is pride  is also unfamili> to
 u1 & impossible2 ! ^w slave has n its  
full =ce = u ev5 9 simile4              
#ai4    ,evil4--,te/ ! life ( ! be/ &   
mo/ productive m5 & nations1  & ask     
y\rselves :e!r a tree :i* is to gr[     
pr\dly heav5w>d  c disp5se ) bad wea!r &
 tempe/s3 :e!r disfav\r &  opposition f 
)\t1 :e!r e k9d ( hatr$1 jeal\sy1       
/ubbornness1 di/ru/1 sev]ity1 gre$1 &   
viol5ce d n belong to  ! fav\r+         
circum/ances )\t :i* a great gr[? ev5 9 

virtue is h>dly possible8 ,! poison by  
:i* ! weak] nature is  de/roy$ is       
/r5g!n+ to ! /rong individual--& he does
 n call  x poison4                      
#bj4    ,dignity ( ,folly4--,sev]al     
mill5niums fur!r on 9 ! pa? ( !  la/    
c5tury6--& 9 ev]y?+ t man does ! highe/ 
prud5ce w  be exhibit$3 b j !reby       
prud5ce w h lo/ all its dignity4  ,x w  
!n1 sure en\gh1 be necess>y to be       
prud5t1 b x w also  be s usual & common1
 t a m fa/idi\s ta/e w feel ?is         
necessity z vulg>ity4 ,& j z a tyranny (
 tru? & sci5ce  w\ld be 9 a position to 
raise ! value ( falsehood1 a tyranny (  
prud5ce c\ld =ce into prom95ce a new    
species ( nobl5ess4 ,to be  noble--t    
might !n mean1 p]haps1 to be capable (  
follies4                                
#ba4    ,to ! ,tea*]s (                 
,unselfi%ness4--,! virtues ( a man are  
call$  good1 n 9 respect ( ! results !y 
h = himself1 b 9  respect ( ! results   
:i* we expect !refrom = ourselves & =   
society3--we h all along _h v little    

unselfi%ness1 v little  non-egoism 9 our
 praise ( ! virtues6 ,= o!rwise x c\ld n
  b h be5 se5 t ! virtues 7su* z        
dilig5ce1 ob$i5ce1  *a/ity1 piety1      
ju/ice7 are mo/ly injuri\s to _!        
possessors1 z  impulses :i* rule 9 !m   
too vehem5tly & ard5tly1 & d n want  to 
be kept 9 co-ord9ation ) ! o!r impulses 
by ! reason4 ,if  y h a virtue1 an      
actual1 p]fect virtue 7& n m]ely a k9d (
  impulse t[>ds virtue67--y are its     
victim6 ,b y\r neighb\r  praises y\r    
virtue precisely on t acc\nt6 ,"o       
praises ! dilig5t  man ?\gh he injures 8
 sight1 or ! orig9ality & fre%ness ( 8  
_s1 by 8 dilig5ce2 ! y\? is hon\r$ &    
regrett$ :o has  worn himself out by "w1
 because "o passes ! judgm5t t =        
society z a :ole ! loss ( ! be/         
individual is only a small  sacrifice6  
,a pity t ?is sacrifice %\ld be         
necess>y6 ,a mu*  great] pity1 x is     
true1 if ! individual %\ld ?9k          
diff]5tly1  & reg>d 8 pres]vation &     
developm5t z m important ?an 8  "w 9 !  

s]vice ( society6 ,& s "o regrets ?is   
y\?1 n on  8 own acc\nt1 b because a    
devot$ in/rum5t1 reg>dless (  self--a   
s-call$ good man1 has be5 lo/ to society
 by 8 dea?4  ,p]haps "o fur!r consid]s !
 "q1 :e!r x w\ld n h  be5 m advantage\s 
= ! int]e/s ( society if he _h lab\r$  )
 less disreg>d ( himself1 & _h pres]v$  
himself  long]1--inde$1 "o readily      
admits an advantage !refrom1 b "o       
e/eems ! o!r advantage1 namely1 t a     
sacrifice has be5 made1  & t !          
disposition ( ! sacrificial animal has  
once m be5  obvi\sly endors$--z high] & 
m endur+4 ,x is accord+ly1 on  ! "o "p1 
! in/rum5tal "* 9 ! virtues :i* is      
prais$  :5 ! virtues are prais$1 & on ! 
o!r "p1 ! bl9d1 rul+  impulse 9 e       
virtue1 :i* refuses to let itself be    
kept )9  b\nds by ! g5]al advantage to !
 individual2 9 %ort1 :at is  prais$ is !
 unreason 9 ! virtues1 9 consequ5ce (   
:i* !  individual all[s himself to be   
trans=m$ into a function ( !  :ole4 ,!  
praise ( ! virtues is ! praise ( some?+ 

:i* is  privately injuri\s to !         
individual2 x is praise ( impulses :i*  
deprive man ( 8 noble/ self-love1 & !   
p[] to take ! be/  c>e ( himself4 ,to be
 sure1 = ! tea*+ & embody+ ( virtu\s    
habits a s]ies ( effects ( virtue are   
display$1 :i* make x appe>  t virtue &  
private advantage are closely relat$1--&
 !re is 9  fact su* a relation%ip6      
,bl9dly furi\s dilig5ce1 = example1 !   
typical virtue ( an in/rum5t1 is        
repres5t$ z ! way to ri*es &  hon\r1 & z
 ! mo/ b5eficial antidote to t$ium &    
passion3 b  p are sil5t conc]n+ its     
dang]1 its greate/ dang]\sness4         
,education proce$s 9 ?is mann] ?r\gh\t3 
x endeav\rs1 by a s]ies  ( enticem5ts & 
advantages1 to det]m9e ! individual to a
 c]ta9  mode ( ?9k+ & act+1 :i*1 :5 x   
has become habit1 impulse  & passion1   
rules 9 him & ov] him1 9 opposition to 8
 ultimate  advantage1 b = ! g5]al good4 
,h[ (t5 d ,i see t bl9dly  furi\s       
dilig5ce does inde$ create ri*es &      
hon\rs1 b at ! same  "t deprives !      

organs ( ! ref9em5t by virtue ( :i*     
alone an  enjoym5t ( ri*es & hon\rs is  
possible2 s t really ! ma9  exp$i5t =   
combat+ t$ium & passion1 simultane\sly  
blunts !  s5ses & makes ! _s refractory 
t[>ds new /imuli6 7,! busie/  ( all     
ages--our age--does n "k h[ to make     
any?+ out ( its great  dilig5ce & weal?1
 except always m & m weal?1 & m &  m    
dilig5ce2 !re is ev5 m g5ius ne$$ = lay+
 out weal?  ?an = acquir+ x6--,well1 we 
%all h our gr&*ildr567 ,if !  education 
succe$s1 e virtue ( ! individual is a   
public utility1  & a private            
disadvantage 9 respect to ! highe/      
private  end1--probably "s psy*o-/hetic 
/unt+1 or ev5 premature  dissolution4   
,"o %\ld consid] successively f ! same  
/&po9t  ! virtues ( ob$i5ce1 *a/ity1    
piety1 & ju/ice4 ,! praise (  !         
unselfi%1 self-sacrific+1 virtu\s       
p]son--he1 consequ5tly1 :o  does n exp5d
 8 :ole en]gy & reason = 8 own          
cons]vation1  developm5t1 elevation1    
fur!rance & augm5tation ( p[]1 b lives  

z reg>ds himself unassum+ly &           
?\ghtlessly1 p]haps ev5  indiff]5tly or 
ironically1--?is praise has 9 any case n
 orig9at$  out ( ! _s ( unselfi%ness6 ,!
 neighb\r praises  unselfi%ness because 
he pr(its by x6 ,if ! neighb\r 7        
unselfi%ly dispos$ himself1 he w\ld     
reject t de/ruction (  p[]1 t injury = 8
 advantage1 he w\ld ?w>t su*            
incl9ations 9 _! orig91 & above all he  
w\ld manife/ 8  unselfi%ness j by n giv+
 x a good "n6 ,! fundam5tal             
contradiction 9 t morality :i* at pres5t
 /&s 9 high hon\r is  "h indicat$3 !    
motives to su* a morality are 9 anti!sis
 to  its pr9ciple6 ,t ) :i* ?is morality
 wi%es to prove itself1  refutes x out (
 its crit]ion ( :at is moral6 ,! maxim1 
,?\ %alt  r5\nce ?yself & (f] ?yself z a
 sacrifice1 9 ord] n to be  inconsi/5t )
 its own morality1 c\ld only be decre$  
by a be+ :o  himself r5\nc$ 8 own       
advantage !reby1 & :o p]haps 9 !        
requir$ self-sacrifice ( individuals    
br\ght ab\t 8 own  dissolution4 ,z soon1

 h[ev]1 z ! neighb\r 7or society7       
recomm5d$  altruism on acc\nt ( its     
utility1 ! precisely anti!tical         
proposition1 ,?\ %alt seek ?y advantage 
ev5 at ! exp5se (  ev]ybody else1 0     
br\ght into use3 accord+ly1 ?\ %alt1 &  
?\ %alt n1 are prea*$ 9 "o brea?6       
#bb4    ,l',ordre du ,j\r p\r le        
,roi4--,! day comm5ces3 let u beg9 to   
arrange = ?is day ! bus9ess & ftes ( our
 mo/ graci\s "l1  :o at pres5t is /ill  
pleas$ to repose4 ,8 ,maje/y has bad    
wea!r  to-day3 we %all be c>eful n to   
call x bad2 we %all n speak (  !        
wea!r1--b we %all g ?r\gh to-day's      
bus9ess some:at m  c]emoni\sly & make ! 
ftes some:at m fe/ive ?an w\ld  o!rwise 
be necess>y4 ,8 ,maje/y may p]haps ev5  
be sick3 we %all  give ! la/ good news (
 ! ev5+ at breakfa/1 ! arrival ( ,m4    
,montaigne1 :o kn[s h[ to joke s        
pleasantly ab\t 8 sickness1--he  suff]s 
f /one4 ,we %all receive sev]al p]sons  
7p]sons6--:at  w\ld t old inflat$ frog1 
:o w be among !m1 say1 if he he>d  ?is  

^w6 ,i am no p]son1 he w\ld say1 b      
always ! ?+  itself7--& ! reception w   
la/ long] ?an is pleasant to anybody2  a
 suffici5t reason = tell+ ab\t ! poet :o
 wrote ov] 8 door1  ,he :o ent]s "h w d 
me an hon\r2 he :o does n--a  fav\r4--,t
 is1 =soo?1 say+ a disc\rte\s ?+ 9 a    
c\rte\s  mann]6 ,& p]haps ?is poet is q 
ju/ifi$ on 8 "p 9 be+  disc\rte\s2 !y   
say t ! rhymes are bett] ?an ! rhyme/]4 
,well1 let him /ill make _m ( !m1 &     
)draw himself z mu* z  possible f ! _w3 
& t is d\btless ! significance ( 8      
well-br$ rud5ess6 ,a pr9ce1 on ! o!r h&1
 is always ( m value  ?an 8 v]se1 ev5   
:5--b :at are we ab\t8 ,we gossip1 & !  
:ole c\rt believes t we h already be5 at
 "w & rack$ our  bra9s3 !re is no light 
to be se5 e>li] ?an t :i* burns 9  our  
w9d[4--,h>k6 ,0 t n ! bell8 ,! devil6 ,!
 day & !  dance comm5ce1 & we d n "k our
 r\nds6 ,we mu/ !n  improvise1--all ! _w
 improvises its day4 ,to-day1 let u =   
once d  l all ! _w6--,& !re) vani%$ my  
wond]ful morn+ dream1  probably ow+ to !

 viol5t /rokes ( ! t[]-clock1 :i* j  !n 
ann\nc$ ! fif? h\r ) all ! importance   
:i* is peculi>  to x4 ,x seems to me t1 
on ?is occasion1 ! ,god ( dreams want$  
to make m]ry ov] my habits1--x is my    
habit to comm5ce ! day by  arrang+ x    
prop]ly1 to make x endurable = myself1 &
 x is  possible t ,i may (t5 h done ?is 
too =mally1 & too mu* l  a pr9ce4       
#bc4    ,! ,*>act]i/ics (               
,corruption4--,let u obs]ve ! foll[+    
*>act]i/ics 9 t condition ( society f "t
 to "t  necess>y1 :i* is designat$ by ! 
^w corruption4 ,imm$iately  ^u !        
appe>ance ( corruption any:]e1 a motley 
sup]/ition  gets ! upp] h&1 & ! hi!rto  
univ]sal belief ( a p  becomes col\rless
 & impot5t 9 comp>ison ) x2 =           
sup]/ition is free?9k+ ( ! second       
rank1--he :o gives himself  ov] to x    
selects c]ta9 =ms & =mul :i* appeal to  
him1 &  p]mits himself a "r ( *oice4 ,! 
sup]/iti\s man is always  mu* m ( a     
p]son1 9 comp>ison ) ! religi\s man1 & a
  sup]/iti\s society w be "o 9 :i* !re  

are _m individuals1  & a delight 9      
individuality4 ,se5 f ?is /&po9t        
sup]/ition  always appe>s z a progress 9
 comp>ison ) belief1 & z a  sign t !    
intellect becomes m indep5d5t & claims  
to h  its rights4 ,^? :o rev]5ce ! old  
religion & ! religi\s  disposition !n   
compla9 ( corruption1--!y h hi!rto also 
det]m9$ ! usage ( language1 & h giv5 a  
bad repute to  sup]/ition1 ev5 among !  
free/ spirits4 ,let u le>n t x is a     
symptom ( enlight5m5t4--,secondly1 a    
society 9 :i* corruption  takes a hold  
is blam$ = effem9acy3 = ! appreciation (
 w>1  & ! delight 9 w> p]ceptibly dim9i%
 9 su* a society1 & !  conv5i5ces ( life
 are n[ j z eag]ly s\ght aft] z 7       
milit>y & gymna/ic hon\rs =m]ly4 ,b "o  
is accu/om$ to  ov]look ! fact t ! old  
national en]gy & national passion1  :i* 
acquir$ a magnific5t spl5d\r 9 w> & 9 ! 
t\rney1 has  n[ transf]r$ itself into   
innum]able private passions1 & has      
m]ely become less visible2 inde$ 9      
p]iods ( corruption !  quantity &       

quality ( ! exp5d$ en]gy ( a p is       
probably  great] ?an ev]1 & ! individual
 sp5ds x lavi%ly1 to su* an  ext5t z    
c\ld n be done =m]ly--he 0 n !n ri*     
en\gh to d  s6 ,& ?us x is precisely 9  
times ( effem9acy t trag$y  runs at l>ge
 9 & out ( doors1 x is !n t ard5t love &
  ard5t hatr$ are born1 & ! flame ( k   
fla%es heav5w>d  9 full blaze4--,?irdly1
 z if 9 am5ds = ! reproa* (  sup]/ition 
& effem9acy1 x is cu/om>y to say ( su*  
p]iods (  corruption t !y are mild]1 & t
 cruelty has !n greatly  dim9i%$ 9      
comp>ison ) ! old]1 m cr$ul\s1 & /rong] 
p]iod4 ,b to ?is praise ,i am j z little
 able to ass5t z to  t reproa*3 ,i only 
grant s mu*--namely1 t cruelty n[       
becomes  m ref9$1 & its old] =ms are    
h5ce=? c\nt] to ! ta/e2  b ! w\nd+ &    
tortur+ by ^w & look rea*es its highe/  
developm5t 9 times ( corruption1--x is  
n[ only t wick$ness  is creat$1 & !     
delight 9 wick$ness4 ,! m5 ( ! p]iod (  
corruption are witty & calumni\s2 !y "k 
t !re are yet  o!r ways ( murd]+ ?an by 

! dagg] & ! ambu%--!y "k  also t all t  
is well said is believ$ 94--,f\r?ly1 x  
is :5  morals decay t ^? be+s :om "o    
calls tyrants fir/ make  _! appe>ance2  
!y are ! =]unn]s ( ! individual1 & z  x 
7 e>ly matur$ fir/l+s4 ,yet a little    
:ile1 & ?is fruit  ( fruits hangs ripe &
 yell[ on ! tree ( a p1--& only =  !    
sake ( su* fruit did ?is tree exi/6 ,:5 
! decay has rea*$  its wor/1 & likewise 
! conflict ( all sorts ( tyrants1 !re   
always arises ! ,cs>1 ! f9al tyrant1 :o 
puts an end to !  exhau/$ /ruggle =     
sov]eignty1 by mak+ ! exhau/$ness "w  = 
him4 ,9 8 "t ! individual is usually mo/
 mature1 &  consequ5tly ! culture is    
highe/ & mo/ fruitful1 b n on  8 acc\nt 
nor ?r\gh him3 al?\gh ! m5 ( highe/     
culture love  to flatt] _! ,cs> by      
pret5d+ t !y are 8 creation4 ,!  tru?1  
h[ev]1 is t !y ne$ quietness ext]nally1 
because  int]nally !y h disquietude &   
lab\r4 ,9 ^! times brib]y  & treason are
 at _! height3 = ! love ( ! ego1 !n fir/
  discov]$1 is mu* m p[]ful ?an ! love (

 ! old1 us$-up1  hackney$ fa!rl&2 & !   
ne$ to be secure 9 "o way or o!r  aga9/ 
! frightful fluctuations ( =tune1 op5s  
ev5 ! nobl]  h&s1 z soon z a ri*] & m   
p[]ful p]son %[s himself  ready to put  
gold into !m4 ,!re is !n s little       
c]ta9ty )  reg>d to ! future2 p live    
only = ! day3 a condition (  m9d :i*    
enables e deceiv] to play an easy       
game1--p (  c\rse only let !mselves be  
misl$ & brib$ = ! pres5t1 &  res]ve =   
!mselves futurity & virtue4 ,!          
individuals1 z is  well kn[n1 ! m5 :o   
only live = !mselves1 provide = !  mom5t
 m ?an d _! opposites1 ! greg>i\s m51   
because !y  consid] !mselves j z        
incalculable z ! future2 & simil>ly  !y 
atta* !mselves will+ly to despots1      
because !y believe  !mselves capable (  
activities & exp$i5ts1 :i* c nei!r      
reckon on be+ und]/ood by ! multitude1  
nor on f9d+ fav\r  ) !m1--b ! tyrant or 
! ,cs> und]/&s ! rights ( !  ,individual
 ev5 9 8 excesses1 & has an int]e/ 9    
speak+ on  behalf ( a bold] private     

morality1 & ev5 9 giv+ 8 h& to  x4 ,= he
 ?9ks ( himself1 & wi%es p to ?9k ( him 
:at  ,napoleon once utt]$ 9 8 classical 
/yle--,i h ! "r to  answ] by an et]nal  
'?us ,i am' to ev]y?+ ab\t :i* compla9t 
is br\ght aga9/ me4 ,i am ap>t f all !  
_w1 ,i accept  conditions f nobody4 ,i  
wi% p also to submit to my fancies1  &  
to take x q z a simple matt]1 if ,i %\ld
 indulge 9 ?is  or t div]sion4 ,?us     
spoke ,napoleon once to 8 wife1 :5 %e _h
  reasons = call+ 9 "q ! fidelity ( h]  
husb&4--,! times  ( corruption are !    
seasons :5 ! apples fall f ! tree3 ,i   
mean ! individuals1 ! se$-be>]s ( !     
future1 ! pione]s (  ! spiritual        
colonisation & ( a new con/ruction (    
national &  social unions4 ,corruption  
is only an abusive t]m = ! h>ve/  "t ( a
 p4                                     
#bd4    ,diff]5t ,dissatisfactions4--,! 
feeble & z x 7 fem99e  dissatisfi$ p h  
+5uity = beautify+ & deep5+ life2  !    
/rong dissatisfi$ p--! mascul9e p]sons  
among !m1 to  cont9ue ! metaphor--h !   

+5uity = improv+ & safegu>d+  life4 ,!  
=m] %[ _! weakness & fem99e "* by       
will+ly  lett+ !mselves be tempor>ily   
deceiv$1 & p]haps ev5 by putt+  up ) a  
little ec/asy & en?usiasm on a "t1 b on 
! :ole !y  are nev] to be satisfi$1 &   
suff] f ! incurability ( _!             
dissatisfaction2 moreov] !y are !       
patrons ( all ^? :o manage  to concoct  
opiate & n>cotic com=ts1 & j on t acc\nt
 av]se  to ^? :o value ! physician high]
 ?an ! prie/1--!y !reby  enc\rage !     
cont9uance ( actual di/ress6 ,if !re _h 
n be5 a  surplus ( dissatisfi$ p]sons ( 
?is k9d 9 ,europe s9ce ! "t (  ! ,middle
 ,ages1 ! rem>kable capacity (          
,europeans = con/ant  trans=mation w\ld 
p]haps n h orig9at$ at all2 = !  claims 
( ! /rong dissatisfi$ p]sons are too    
gross1 & really too  mode/ to resi/ be+ 
f9ally quiet$ d[n4 ,*9a is an in/ance ( 
a  c\ntry 9 :i* dissatisfaction on a gr&
 scale & ! capacity =  trans=mation h   
di$ out = _m c5turies2 & ! ,sociali/s & 
/ate-idolat]s ( ,europe c\ld easily br+ 

?+s to ,*9ese  conditions & to a ,*9ese 
happ9ess1 ) _! measures = !             
amelioration & security ( life1 provid$ 
t !y c\ld fir/ ( all  root out !        
sickli]1 t5d]]1 m fem99e dissatisfaction
 &  ,romanticism :i* are /ill v abundant
 among u4 ,europe is an invalid  :o owes
 h] be/ ?anks to h] incurability & !    
et]nal  trans=mations ( h] suff]+s2 ^!  
con/ant new situations1 ^!  equally     
con/ant new dang]s1 pa9s1 & make-%ifts1 
h at la/  g5]at$ an intellectual        
s5sitiv5ess :i* is almo/ equal to g5ius1
  & is 9 any case ! "m ( all g5ius4     
#be4    ,n ,pre-orda9$ to ,k4--,!re is a
 purbl9d humility n at all  r>e1 & :5 a 
p]son is afflict$ ) x1 he is once = all 
unqualifi$ = be+ a disciple ( k4 ,x is  
?is 9 fact3 !  mom5t a man ( ?is k9d    
p]ceives any?+ /rik+1 he turns z x  7 on
 8 heel1 & says to himself3 ,y h deceiv$
 y\rself6  ,:]e h y\r wits be56 ,?is _c 
be ! tru?6--& !n1 in/ead  ( look+ at x &
 li/5+ to x ) m att5tion1 he runs out ( 
! way ( ! /rik+ object z if intimidat$1 

& seeks to get x  out ( 8 head z quickly
 z possible4 ,= 8 fundam5tal rule runs  
?us3 ,i want to see no?+ t contradicts !
 usual op9ion  conc]n+ ?+s6 ,am ,i      
creat$ = ! purpose ( discov]+ new       
tru?s8 ,!re are already too _m ( ! old  
ones4                                   
#bf4    ,:at is ,liv+8--,liv+--t is to  
cont9ually elim9ate f ourselves  :at is 
ab\t to die2 ,liv+--t is to be cruel &  
inexorable t[>ds  all t becomes weak &  
old 9 ourselves1 & n only 9 ourselves4  
,liv+--t means1 !re=e1 to be )\t piety  
t[>d ! dy+1 !  wret*$ & ! old8 ,to be   
cont9ually a murd]]8--,& yet old ,moses 
said3 ,?\ %alt n kill6                  
#bg4    ,! ,self-,r5\nc]4--,:at does !  
self-r5\nc] d8 ,he /rives aft]  a high] 
_w1 he wants to fly long] & fur!r &     
high] ?an all  m5 ( affirmation--he ?r[s
 away _m ?+s t w\ld burd5 8  flight1 &  
sev]al ?+s among !m t are n valueless1 t
 are  n unpleasant to him3 he sacrifices
 !m to 8 desire = elevation4  ,n[ ?is   
sacrific+1 ?is ca/+ away1 is ! v ?+ :i* 

becomes  visible 9 him3 on t acc\nt "o  
calls him ! self-r5\nc]1 & z  su* he /&s
 be=e u1 envelop$ 9 8 c[l1 & z ! s\l ( a
  hair-%irt4 ,) ?is effect1 h[ev]1 :i*  
he makes ^u u he is well  cont5t3 he    
wants to keep conceal$ f u 8 desire1 8  
pride1 8  int5tion ( fly+ above         
u4--,yes6 ,he is wis] ?an we ?\ght1 & s 
c\rte\s t[>ds u--?is affirm]6 ,= t is   
:at he is1 l u1  ev5 9 8                
self-r5unciation4                       
#bh4    ,injur+ ) "o's be/              
,qualities4--,our /rong po9ts sometimes 
drive  u s f> =w>d t we _c any long]    
endure our weaknesses1 &  we p]i% by !m3
 we also p]haps see ?is result be=eh&1 b
  nev]!less d n want x to be o!rwise4   
,we !n become h>d t[>ds  t :i* w\ld fa9 
be sp>$ 9 u1 & our pitilessness is also 
our  greatness4 ,su* an exp]i5ce1 :i*   
mu/ 9 ! end co/ u our life1  is a symbol
 ( ! collective effect ( great m5 ^u    
o!rs & ^u  _! epo*3--x is j ) _! be/    
abilities1 ) t :i* only  !y c d1 t !y   
de/roy mu* t is weak1 unc]ta91 evolv+1  

& will+1 & are !reby injuri\s4 ,inde$1 !
 case may happ5 9  :i*1 tak5 on ! :ole1 
!y only d injury1 because _! be/ is     
accept$ & drunk up z x 7 solely by ^? :o
 lose _!  und]/&+ & _! egoism by x1 z by
 too /rong a bev]age2 !y  become s      
intoxicat$ t !y g break+ _! limbs on all
 ! wrong  roads :]e _! drunk5ness drives
 !m4                                    
#bi4    ,adv5titi\s ,li>s4--,:5 p began 
to combat ! unity ( ,ari/otle  9        
,france1 & consequ5tly also to def5d x1 
!re 0 once m to be  se5 t :i* has be5   
se5 s (t51 b se5 s unwill+ly3--p  impos$
 false reasons on !mselves on acc\nt (  
:i* ^? laws  ought to exi/1 m]ely = !   
sake ( n ackn[l$g+ to !mselves  t !y _h 
accu/om$ !mselves to ! au?ority ( ^?    
laws1  & did n want any long] to h ?+s  
o!rwise4 ,& p d s  9 e prevail+ morality
 & religion1 & h always done s3 !       
reasons & int5tions beh9d ! habit1 are  
only add$ surreptiti\sly  :5 p beg9 to  
combat ! habit1 & ask = reasons &       
int5tions4 ,x is "h t ! great di%one/y (

 ! cons]vatives (  all times hides3--!y 
are adv5titi\s li>s4                    
#cj4    ,! ,com$y ( ,celebrat$          
,m54--,celebrat$ m5 :o ne$ _! fame1  z1 
= in/ance1 all politicians1 no long]    
select _! associates &  fri5ds )\t      
aft]-?\ghts3 f ! "o !y want a portion ( 
!  spl5d\r & reflection ( 8 virtues2 f !
 o!r !y want !  fe>-inspir+ p[] ( c]ta9 
dubi\s qualities 9 him1 ( :i*  ev]ybody 
is aw>e2 f ano!r !y /eal 8 reputation = 
idl5ess  & bask+ 9 ! sun1 because x is  
advantage\s = _! own ends to  be reg>d$ 
tempor>ily z he$less & lazy3--x conceals
 ! fact t  !y lie 9 ambu%2 !y n[ use !  
vision>ies1 n[ ! exp]ts1 n[  ! brood]s1 
n[ ! p$ants 9 _! neighb\rhood1 z _!     
actual  selves = ! "t1 b v soon !y d n  
ne$ !m any long]6 ,&  ?us :ile _!       
environm5t & outside die (f cont9ually1 
ev]y?+  seems to cr[d into ?is          
environm5t1 & wants to become a "*  ( x2
 !y are l great cities 9 ?is respect4   
,_! repute is  cont9ually 9 process (   
mutation1 l _! "*1 = _!  *ang+ me?ods   

require ?is *ange1 & !y %[ & exhibit    
sometimes ?is & sometimes t actual or   
fictiti\s quality on !  /age2 _! fri5ds 
& associates1 z we h said1 belong to ^! 
/age prop]ties4 ,on ! o!r h&1 t :i* !y  
aim at mu/ rema9  s mu* ! m /eadfa/1 &  
burni%$ & respl5d5t 9 !  di/ance1--& ?is
 also sometimes ne$s its com$y & its    
/age-play4                              
#ca4    ,comm]ce & ,nobility4--,buy+ &  
sell+ is n[ reg>d$ z some?+  ord9>y1 l !
 art ( read+ & writ+2 ev]yone is n[     
tra9$  to x ev5 :5 he is n a tradesman1 
ex]cis+ himself daily 9 !  art2         
precisely z =m]ly 9 ! p]iod ( uncivilis$
 humanity1  ev]yone 0 a hunt] & ex]cis$ 
himself day by day 9 ! art (  hunt+4    
,hunt+ 0 !n some?+ common3 b j z ?is    
f9ally  became a privilege ( ! p[]ful & 
noble1 & !reby lo/ !  "* ( ! commonplace
 & ! ord9>y--by ceas+ to be necess>y  & 
by becom+ an affair ( fancy & luxury3--s
 x might become !  same "s day ) buy+ & 
sell+4 ,conditions ( society are        
imag9able 9 :i* !re w be no sell+ &     

buy+1 & 9 :i*  ! necessity = ?is art w  
become q lo/2 p]haps x may !n  happ5 t  
individuals :o are less subject$ to !   
law ( !  prevail+ condition ( ?+s w     
indulge 9 buy+ & sell+ z a  luxury (    
s5tim5t4 ,x is !n only t comm]ce w\ld   
acquire  nobility1 & ! noble w\ld !n    
p]haps occupy !mselves j z  readily )   
comm]ce z !y h done hi!rto ) w> &       
politics3  :ile on ! o!r h& ! valuation 
( politics might !n h  entirely alt]$4  
,already ev5 politics ceases to be !    
bus9ess ( a  g5tleman2 & x is possible t
 "o day x may be f\nd to be s  vulg> z  
to be br\ght1 l all p>ty lit]ature &    
daily lit]ature1  "u ! rubric3          
,pro/itution ( ! intellect4             
#cb4    ,undesirable ,disciples4--,:at  
%all ,i d ) ^! two y\?s6 call$  out a   
philosoph] deject$ly1 :o corrupt$ y\?s1 
z ,socrates _h  once corrupt$ !m1--!y   
are unwelcome disciples to me4 ,"o ( !m 
_c say ,nay1 & ! o!r says ,half & half  
to ev]y?+4  ,provid$ !y grasp$ my       
doctr9e1 ! =m] w\ld suff] too mu*1  = my

 mode ( ?9k+ requires a m>tial s\l1     
will+ness to cause  pa91 delight 9 d5y+1
 & a h>d sk91--he w\ld succumb by op5   
w\nds & int]nal injuries4 ,& ! o!r w    
*oose ! m$iocre 9  ev]y?+ he repres5ts1 
& ?us make a m$iocrity ( ! :ole1--,i    
%\ld l my enemy to h su* a disciple4    
#cc4    ,outside ! ,lecture-room4--,9   
ord] to prove t man aft] all  belongs to
 ! good-natur$ animals1 ,i w\ld rem9d y 
h[ cr$ul\s he  has be5 = s long a "t4 ,x
 is n[ only1 q late1 & aft] an  imm5se  
self-conque/1 t he has become a         
di/ru/ful animal1--yes6  man is n[ m    
wick$ ?an ev]4--,i d n und]/& ?is2 :y   
%\ld  man n[ be m di/ru/ful & m         
wick$8--,because he n[ has              
sci5ce1--because he ne$s to h x6--      
#cd4    ,hi/oria abscondita4--,e great  
man has a p[] :i* op]ates  backw>d2 all 
hi/ory is aga9 plac$ on ! scales on 8   
acc\nt1 &  a ?\s& secrets ( ! pa/ crawl 
out ( _! lurk+-places--into  8 sunlight4
 ,!re is absolutely no kn[+ :at hi/ory  
may be "s  day4 ,! pa/ is /ill p]haps   

undiscov]$ 9 its ess5ce6 ,!re are  yet s
 _m retroactive p[]s ne$$6              
#ce4    ,h]esy & ,wit*craft4--,to ?9k   
o!rwise ?an is cu/om>y--t is by  no     
means s mu* ! activity ( a bett]        
intellect1 z ! activity (  /rong1 wick$ 
incl9ations1--sev]+1 isolat+1           
refractory1  mis*ief-lov+1 malici\s     
incl9ations4 ,h]esy is ! c\nt]p>t (     
wit*craft1 & is c]ta9ly j z little a    
m]ely h>mless affair1 or  a ?+ wor?y (  
hon\r 9 itself4 ,h]etics & sorc]]s are  
two k9ds  ( bad m52 !y h x 9 common t !y
 also feel !mselves  wick$2 _!          
unconqu]able delight is to attack &     
injure :atev]  rules1--:e!r x be m5 or  
op9ions4 ,! ,re=mation1 a k9d (         
duplication ( ! _s ( ! ,middle ,ages at 
a "t :5 x _h no  long] a good consci5ce1
 produc$ bo? ( ^! k9ds ( p 9 !  greate/ 
pr(usion4                               
#cf4    ,la/ ,words4--,x w be recollect$
 t ! ,emp]or ,augu/us1 t  t]rible man1  
:o _h himself z mu* 9 8 own p[]1 & :o   
c\ld be  sil5t z well z any wise        

,socrates1 became indiscreet ab\t       
himself 9  8 la/ words2 = ! fir/ "t he  
let 8 mask fall1 :5 he gave to  und]/& t
 he _h c>ri$ a mask & play$ a com$y1--he
 _h play$  ! fa!r ( 8 c\ntry & wisdom on
 ! ?rone well1 ev5 to !  po9t (         
illusion6 ,plaudite amici1 como$ia f9ita
 e/6--,! ?\ght (  ! dy+ ,n]o3 qualis    
artifex p]eo6 0 also ! ?\ght ( !  dy+   
,augu/us3 hi/rionic conceit6 hi/rionic  
loquacity6 ,& ! v  c\nt]p>t to ! dy+    
,socrates6--,b ,tib]ius di$ sil5tly1 t  
mo/  tortur$ ( all self-tortur]s1--he 0 
g5u9e & n a  /age-play]6 ,:at may h     
pass$ ?r\gh 8 head 9 ! end6 ,p]haps     
?is3 ,life--t is a long dea?4 ,i am a   
fool1 :o %ort5$ ! lives  ( s _m6 ,0 ,i  
creat$ = ! purpose ( be+ a b5efactor8 ,i
  %\ld h giv5 !m et]nal life3 & !n ,i   
c\ld h se5 !m  dy+ et]nally4 ,i _h su*  
good eyes = t3 qualis spectator  p]eo6  
,:5 he seem$ once m to rega9 8 p[]s aft]
 a long  dea?-/ruggle1 x 0 consid]$     
advisable to smo!r him )  pill[s1--he   
di$ a d\ble dea?4                       

#cg4    ,ow+ to ?ree ,errors4--,sci5ce  
has be5 fur!r$ dur+ rec5t  c5turies1    
p>tly because x 0 hop$ t ,god's goodness
 & wisdom  w\ld be be/ und]/ood !re) &  
!reby--! pr9cipal motive 9  ! s\l (     
great ,engli%m5 7l ,newton72 p>tly      
because ! absolute  utility ( k 0       
believ$ 91 & especially ! mo/ intimate  
connection ( morality1 k1 & happ9ess--! 
pr9cipal motive 9  ! s\l ( great ,fr5*m5
 7l ,voltaire72 & p>tly because x 0     
?\ght t 9 sci5ce !re 0 some?+ unselfi%1 
h>mless1  self-suffic+1 lovable1 & truly
 innoc5t to be _h1 9 :i* ! evil  human  
impulses did n at all p>ticipate--!     
pr9cipal motive 9 !  s\l ( ,sp9oza1 :o  
felt himself div9e1 z a kn[+ be+3--x is 
consequ5tly ow+ to ?ree errors t sci5ce 
has be5 fur!r$4                         
#ch4    ,explosive ,p4--,:5 "o consid]s 
h[ ready are ! =ces ( "y  m5 = dis*>ge1 
"o does n wond] at see+ !m decide s     
unfa/idi\sly & ) s little selection =   
?is or t cause3  t :i* attracts !m is ! 
sight ( eag]ness ab\t any cause1 z  x 7 

! sight ( ! burn+ mat*--n ! cause       
itself4 ,! m  +5i\s s$uc]s on t acc\nt  
op]ate by hold+ out ! prospect  ( an    
explosion to su* p]sons1 & d n urge _!  
cause by means (  reasons2 ^!           
p[d]-b>rels are n won ov] by means (    
reasons6                                
#ci4    ,alt]$ ,ta/e4--,! alt]ation ( ! 
g5]al ta/e is m important  ?an !        
alt]ation ( op9ions2 op9ions1 ) all _!  
prov+1  refut+1 & intellectual          
masqu]ade1 are m]ely symptoms ( alt]$   
ta/e1 & are c]ta9ly n :at !y are /ill s 
(t5 claim$ to  be1 ! causes ( ! alt]$   
ta/e4 ,h[ does ! g5]al ta/e alt]8  ,by !
 fact ( individuals1 ! p[]ful &         
influ5tial p]sons1  express+ &          
tyrannically en=c+ )\t any feel+ ( %ame1
  _! hoc e/ ridiculum1 hoc e/ absurdum2 
! decisions1 !re=e1  ( _! ta/e & _!     
disreli%3--!y !reby lay a con/ra9t ^u   
_m p1 out ( :i* !re gradually gr[s a    
habituation = /ill  m1 & f9ally a       
necessity = all4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 t ^!   
individuals feel & ta/e diff]5tly1 has  

usually its orig9 9 a  peculi>ity ( _!  
mode ( life1 n\ri%m5t1 or dige/ion1     
p]haps 9  a surplus or defici5cy ( !    
inorganic salts 9 _! blood & bra91  9   
%ort 9 _! physis2 !y h1 h[ev]1 ! c\rage 
to av[  _! physical con/itution1 & to   
l5d an e> ev5 to ! mo/  delicate tones (
 its requirem5ts3 _! /hetic & moral     
judgm5ts  are ^? mo/ delicate tones ( _!
 physis4                                
#dj4    ,! ,lack ( a noble              
,pres5ce4--,soldi]s & _! lead]s h always
 a  mu* high] mode ( comportm5t t[>d "o 
ano!r ?an workm5 &  _! employ]s4 ,at    
pres5t at lea/1 all milit>ily e/abli%$  
civilisation /ill /&s high above all    
s-call$ indu/rial  civilisation2 !      
latt]1 9 its pres5t =m1 is 9 g5]al !    
meane/  mode ( exi/5ce t has ev] be54 ,x
 is simply ! law ( necessity  t op]ates 
"h3 p want to live1 & h to sell         
!mselves2  b !y despise him :o exploits 
_! necessity1 & pur*ases !  workman4 ,x 
is curi\s t ! subjection to p[]ful1     
fe>-inspir+1  & ev5 dreadful            

individuals1 to tyrants & lead]s (      
armies1 is n  at all felt s pa9fully z !
 subjection to su* undi/+ui%$ &         
un9t]e/+ p]sons z ! capta9s ( indu/ry2 9
 ! employ] !  workman usually sees m]ely
 a crafty1 blood-suck+ dog ( a man1     
speculat+ on e necessity1 ^: "n1 =m1 "*1
 &  reputation are altoge!r indiff]5t to
 him4 ,x is probable t !  manufactur]s &
 great magnates ( comm]ce h hi!rto lack$
 too  mu* all ^? =ms & attributes ( a   
sup]ior race1 :i* alone  make p]sons    
int]e/+2 if !y _h _h ! nobility ( !     
nobly-born  9 _! looks & be>+1 !re w\ld 
p]haps h be5 no socialism  9 ! masses ( 
! p4 ,= ^! are really ready = slav]y (  
e k9d1 provid$ t ! sup]ior class above  
!m con/antly %[s  itself legitimately   
sup]ior1 & born to comm&--by its noble  
pres5ce6 ,! commone/ man feels t        
nobility is n to be improvis$1  & t x is
 8 "p to hon\r x z ! fruit ( protract$  
race-culture1--b ! abs5ce ( sup]ior     
pres5ce1 & ! notori\s  vulg>ity (       
manufactur]s ) r$1 fat h&s1 br+s up !   

?\ght to  him t x is only *ance & =tune 
t has "h elevat$ ! "o  above ! o!r2 well
 !n--s he reasons ) himself--let u 9 our
  turn tempt *ance & =tune6 ,let u 9 our
 turn ?r[ ! dice6--&  socialism         
comm5ces4                               
#da4    ,aga9/ ,remorse4--,! ?9k] sees 9
 8 own actions attempts &  que/ion+s to 
obta9 in=mation ab\t some?+ or o!r2     
success &  failure are answ]s to him    
fir/ & =emo/4 ,to vex himself1  h[ev]1  
because some?+ does n succe$1 or to feel
 remorse at  all--he leaves t to ^? :o  
act because !y are comm&$ to d s1  &    
expect to get a beat+ :5 _! graci\s ma/]
 is n satisfi$  ) ! result4             
#db4    ,"w & ,ennui4--,9 respect to    
seek+ "w = ! sake ( ! pay1  almo/ all m5
 are alike at pres5t 9 civilis$         
c\ntries2 to all (  !m "w is a means1 & 
n itself ! end2 on :i* acc\nt !y are  n 
v select 9 ! *oice ( ! "w1 provid$ x    
yields an  abundant pr(it4 ,b /ill !re  
are r>] m5 :o w\ld r p]i%  ?an "w )\t   
delight 9 _! lab\r3 ! fa/idi\s p1       

difficult to satisfy1 ^: object is n    
s]v$ by an abundant pr(it1  unless ! "w 
itself be ! rew>d ( all rew>ds4 ,arti/s 
&  contemplative m5 ( all k9ds belong to
 ?is r>e species ( human  be+s2 & also !
 idl]s :o sp5d _! life 9 hunt+ &        
travell+1 or 9 love affairs & adv5tures4
 ,!y all seek toil &  tr\ble 9 s f> z ^!
 are associat$ ) pleasure1 & !y want  ! 
sev]e/ & h>de/ lab\r1 if x be necess>y4 
,9 o!r respects1  h[ev]1 !y h a resolute
 indol5ce1 ev5 %\ld impov]i%m5t1        
di%on\r1 & dang] to heal? & life be     
associat$ !re)4 ,!y  are n s mu* afraid 
( ennui z ( lab\r )\t pleasure2 inde$   
!y require mu* ennui1 if _! "w is to    
succe$ ) !m4 ,=  ! ?9k] & = all inv5tive
 spirits ennui is ! unpleasant calm  ( !
 s\l :i* prec$es ! happy voyage & !     
danc+ breezes2 he  mu/ endure x1 he mu/ 
await ! effect x has on him3--x is      
precisely ?is :i* less] natures _c at   
all exp]i5ce6 ,x is  common to sc>e away
 ennui 9 e way1 j z x is common to lab\r
  )\t pleasure4 ,x p]haps di/+ui%es !   

,asiatics above !  ,europeans1 t !y are 
capable ( a long] & pr(\nd] repose2 ev5 
_! n>cotics op]ate sl[ly & require      
pati5ce1 9 contra/ to !  obnoxi\s       
sudd5ness ( ! ,european poison1 alcohol4
                                        
#dc4    ,:at ! ,laws ,betray4--,"o makes
 a great mi/ake :5 "o /udies !  p5al    
laws ( a p1 z if !y 7 an expression (   
its "*2  ! laws d n betray :at a p is1 b
 :at appe>s to !m  =eign1 /range1       
mon/r\s1 & outl&i%4 ,! laws conc]n      
!mselves  ) ! exceptions to ! morality (
 cu/om2 & ! sev]e/  puni%m5ts fall on   
acts :i* con=m to ! cu/oms ( !          
neighb\r+ peoples4 ,?us among !         
,wahabites1 !re are only two  mortal    
s9s3 hav+ ano!r ,god ?an ! ,wahabite    
,god1 &--smok+ 7x  is designat$ by !m z 
! disgraceful k9d ( dr9k+74 ,& h[  is x 
) reg>d to murd] & adult]y8--ask$ !     
,engli%man )  a/oni%m5t on le>n+ ^! ?+s4
 ,well1 ,god is graci\s &  pitiful6     
answ]$ ! old *ief4--,?us among ! anci5t 
,romans !re  0 ! idea t a woman c\ld    

only s9 mortally 9 two ways3 by  adult]y
 on ! "o h&1 &--by w9e-dr9k+ on ! o!r4  
,old ,cato  pret5d$ t kiss+ among       
relatives _h only be5 made a cu/om 9    
ord] to keep wom5 9 control on ?is po9t2
 a kiss meant3 did h]  brea? smell (    
w9e8 ,wives _h actually be5 puni%$ by   
dea? :o 7  surpris$ tak+ w9e3 & c]ta9ly 
n m]ely because wom5 "u !  influ5ce (   
w9e sometimes unle>n altoge!r ! art (   
say+ ,no2 !  ,romans 7 afraid above all 
?+s ( ! orgia/ic & ,dionysian  _s ) :i* 
! wom5 ( ,s\!rn ,europe at t "t 7:5 w9e 
0 /ill new 9 ,europe7 7 sometimes       
visit$1 z by a mon/r\s  =eignness :i*   
subv]t$ ! basis ( ,roman s5tim5ts2 x    
seem$ to  !m treason aga9/ ,rome1 z !   
embodim5t ( =eignness4                  
#dd4    ,! ,believ$ ,motive4--,h[ev]    
important x may be to "k ! motives      
accord+ to :i* mank9d has really act$   
hi!rto1 p]haps !  belief 9 ?is or t     
motive1 & !re=e t :i* mank9d has  assum$
 & imag9$ to be ! actual ma9spr+ ( its  
activity  hi!rto1 is some?+ /ill m      

ess5tial = ! ?9k] to "k4 ,=  ! int]nal  
happ9ess & mis]y ( m5 h always come to  
!m  ?r\gh _! belief 9 ?is or t          
motive1--n h[ev]1 ?r\gh t  :i* 0        
actually ! motive6 ,all ab\t ! latt] has
 an int]e/ (  second>y rank4            
#de4    ,epicurus4--,yes1 ,i am pr\d (  
p]ceiv+ ! "* ( ,epicurus  diff]5tly f   
anyone else p]haps1 & ( enjoy+ !        
happ9ess (  ! aft]noon ( antiquity 9 all
 t ,i he> & read ( him3--,i see 8  eye  
gaz+ out on a broad :iti% sea1 ov] !    
%ore-rocks on :i* !  sun%9e re/s1 :ile  
great & small creatures play 9 its      
light1  secure & calm l ?is light & t   
eye itself4 ,su* happ9ess  c\ld only h  
be5 devis$ by a *ronic suff]]1 !        
happ9ess ( an  eye be=e :i* ! sea (     
exi/5ce has become calm1 & :i* c no     
long] tire ( gaz+ at ! surface & at !   
v>iegat$1 t5d]1  tremul\s sk9 ( ?is sea4
 ,nev] previ\sly 0 !re su* a mod]ation  
( voluptu\sness4                        
#df4    ,our ,a/oni%m5t4--,!re is a     
pr(\nd & fundam5tal satisfaction 9  !   

fact t sci5ce asc]ta9s ?+s t hold _!    
gr\nd1 &  aga9 furni% ! basis = new     
rese>*es3--x c\ld c]ta9ly be  o!rwise4  
,inde$1 we are s mu* conv9c$ ( all !    
unc]ta9ty &  caprice ( our judgm5ts1 & (
 ! ev]la/+ *ange ( all human  laws &    
conceptions1 t we are really a/oni%$ h[ 
p]si/5tly  ! results ( sci5ce hold _!   
gr\nd6 ,9 e>li] times p knew  no?+ ( ?is
 *angeability ( all human ?+s2 ! cu/om (
  morality ma9ta9$ ! belief t ! :ole    
inn] life ( man 0  b\nd to iron         
necessity by et]nal fett]s3--p]haps p !n
 felt a  simil> voluptu\sness (         
a/oni%m5t :5 !y li/5$ to tales &  fairy 
/ories4 ,! wond]ful did s mu* good to ^?
 m51 :o might  well get tir$ sometimes (
 ! regul> & ! et]nal4 ,to leave !  gr\nd
 = once6 ,to so>6 ,to /ray6 ,to be      
mad6--t belong$ to !  p>adise & !       
revelry ( e>li] times2 :ile our felicity
 is l  t ( ! %ipwreck$ man :o has gone  
a%ore1 & places himself )  bo? feet on !
 old1 firm gr\nd--9 a/oni%m5t t x does n
 rock4                                  

#dg4    ,! ,suppression ( !             
,passions4--,:5 "o cont9ually prohibits 
!  expression ( ! passions z some?+ to  
be left to ! vulg>1 to  co>s]1 b\rgeois1
 & peasant natures--t is1 :5 "o does n  
want  to suppress ! passions !mselves1 b
 only _! language &  demean\r1 "o       
nev]!less realises !re) j :at "o does n 
want3 ! suppression ( ! passions        
!mselves1 or at lea/ _!  weak5+ &       
alt]ation1--z ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 7to 
cite ! mo/  in/ructive in/ance71 & all t
 0 dep5d5t on x1 exp]i5c$4  ,! g5]ation 
t foll[$1 tra9$ 9 suppress+ _!          
expression1  no long] possess$ !        
passions !mselves1 b _h a pleasant1     
sup]ficial1 playful disposition 9 _!    
place1--a g5]ation :i* 0  s p]meat$ ) ! 
incapacity to be ill-mann]$1 t ev5 an   
injury  0 n tak5 & retaliat$1 except )  
c\rte\s words4 ,p]haps our  own "t      
furni%es ! mo/ rem>kable c\nt]p>t to ?is
 p]iod3 ,i see  ev]y:]e 79 life1 9 !    
!atre1 & n lea/ 9 all t is  writt57     
satisfaction at all ! co>s] outbur/s &  

ge/ures (  passion2 a c]ta9 conv5tion ( 
passionat5ess is n[ desir$1--only n  !  
passion itself6 ,nev]!less x w !reby be 
at la/ rea*$1  & our po/]ity w h a g5u9e
 savag]y1 & n m]ely a  =mal savag]y &   
unmann]l9ess4                           
#dh4    ,k ( ,di/ress4--,p]haps !re is  
no?+ by :i* m5 &  p]iods are s mu*      
sep>at$ f "o ano!r1 z by ! diff]5t      
degrees ( k ( di/ress :i* !y possess2   
di/ress ( !  s\l z well z ( ! body4 ,)  
respect to ! latt]1 ow+ to lack  (      
suffici5t self-exp]i5ce1 we m5 ( !      
pres5t day 79 spite (  our defici5cies &
 infirmities71 are p]haps all ( u       
blund]]s &  vision>ies 9 comp>ison ) !  
m5 ( ! age ( fe>--! longe/ (  all       
ages1--:5 ! individual _h to protect    
himself aga9/ viol5ce1  & = t purpose _h
 to be a man ( viol5ce himself4 ,at t "t
 a  man w5t ?r\gh a long s*ool+ (       
corporeal tortures & privations1  & f\nd
 ev5 9 a c]ta9 k9d ( cruelty t[>d       
himself1 9 a  volunt>y use ( pa91 a     
necess>y means = 8 pres]vation2 at t  "t

 a p]son tra9$ 8 environm5t to !        
endurance ( pa92 at t  "t a p]son       
will+ly inflict$ pa91 & saw ! mo/       
frightful  ?+s ( ?is k9d happ5 to o!rs1 
)\t hav+ any o!r feel+  ?an = 8 own     
security4 ,z reg>ds ! di/ress ( ! s\l1  
h[ev]1  ,i n[ look at e man ) respect to
 :e!r he kn[s x by  exp]i5ce or by      
description2 :e!r he /ill reg>ds x z    
necess>y  to simulate ?is k1 p]haps z an
 indication ( m ref9$  culture2 or :e!r1
 at ! bottom ( 8 he>t1 he does n at all 
believe 9 great sorr[s ( s\l1 & at !    
nam+ ( !m has 9 8  m9d a simil> exp]i5ce
 z at ! nam+ ( great corporeal  suff]+s1
 su* z too?-a*es1 & /oma*-a*es4 ,x is   
?us1 h[ev]1  t x seems to be ) mo/ p at 
pres5t4 ,ow+ to ! univ]sal  inexp]i5ce (
 bo? k9ds ( pa91 & ! comp>ative r>ity ( 
!  spectacle ( a suff]]1 an important   
consequ5ce results3 p n[  hate pa9 f> m 
?an e>li] man did1 & calumniate x worse 
?an  ev]2 inde$ p n[adays c h>dly endure
 ! ?\ght ( pa91  & make out ( x an      
affair ( consci5ce & a reproa* to       

collective  exi/5ce4 ,! appe>ance (     
pessimi/ic philosophies is n at all !   
sign ( great & dreadful mis]ies2 = ^!   
int]rogative m>ks  reg>d+ ! wor? ( life 
appe> 9 p]iods :5 ! ref9em5t &          
alleviation ( exi/5ce already deem !    
unavoidable gnat-/+s ( !  s\l & body z  
altoge!r too bloody & wick$2 & 9 !      
pov]ty (  actual exp]i5ces ( pa91 w\ld  
n[ l to make pa9ful g5]al  ideas appe> z
 suff]+ ( ! wor/ k9d4--,!re might inde$ 
be a  rem$y = pessimi/ic philosophies & 
! excessive s5sibility :i*  seems to me 
! real di/ress ( ! pres5t3--b p]haps ?is
 rem$y  already s\nds too cruel1 & w\ld 
itself be reckon$ among !  symptoms ow+ 
to :i* p at pres5t conclude t exi/5ce is
  some?+ evil4 ,well6 ! rem$y = !       
di/ress is di/ress4                     
#di4    ,magnanimity & alli$            
,qualities4--,^? p>adoxical ph5om5a1 su*
 z  ! sudd5 coldness 9 ! demean\r (     
good-natur$ m51 ! hum\r (  ! melan*oly1 
& above all magnanimity1 z a sudd5      
r5unciation (  rev5ge or ( !            

gratification ( envy--appe> 9 m5 9 :om  
!re is a  p[]ful inn] impulsiv5ess1 9 m5
 ( sudd5 satiety & sudd5  disgu/4 ,_!   
satisfactions are s rapid & viol5t t    
satiety1  av]sion1 & flight into !      
anti!tical ta/e1 imm$iately foll[  ^u   
!m3 9 ?is contra/ ! convulsion ( feel+  
lib]ates itself1  9 "o p]son by sudd5   
coldness1 9 ano!r by laught]1 & 9 a ?ird
  by te>s & self-sacrifice4 ,!          
magnanim\s p]son appe>s to me--at  lea/ 
t k9d ( magnanim\s p]son :o has always  
made mo/  impression--z a man ) !       
/ronge/ ?ir/ = v5geance1 to :om a       
gratification pres5ts itself close at   
h&1 & :o already dr9ks x  (f 9          
imag9ation s copi\sly1 ?or\ghly1 & to ! 
la/ drop1  t an excessive1 rapid disgu/ 
foll[s ?is rapid lic5ti\sness2--he  n[  
elevates himself above himself1 z "o    
says1 & =gives 8  enemy1 yea1 blesses & 
hon\rs him4 ,) ?is viol5ce done to      
himself1  h[ev]1 ) ?is mock]y ( 8       
impulse to rev5ge1 ev5 /ill s  p[]ful1  
he m]ely yields to ! new impulse1 !     

disgu/ :i* has  become p[]ful1 & does   
?is j z impati5tly & lic5ti\sly1 z  a   
%ort "t previ\sly he =e/all$1 & z x 7   
exhau/$1 !  joy ( rev5ge ) 8 fantasy4 ,9
 magnanimity !re is ! same am\nt  (     
egoism z 9 rev5ge1 b a diff]5t quality (
 egoism4                                
#ej4    ,! ,argum5t ( ,isolation4--,!   
reproa* ( consci5ce1 ev5 9 !  mo/       
consci5ti\s1 is weak aga9/ ! feel+3 ,?is
 & t are  contr>y to ! good morals ( y\r
 society4 ,a cold glance or a wry  m\?1 
on ! "p ( ^? among :om & = :om "o has   
be5  educat$1 is /ill fe>$ ev5 by !     
/ronge/4 ,:at is really fe>$  !re8      
,isolation6 z ! argum5t :i* demoli%es   
ev5 ! be/  argum5ts = a p]son or        
cause6--,x is ?us t ! greg>i\s in/9ct   
speaks 9 u4                             
#ea4    ,s5se = ,tru?4--,comm5d me to   
all scepticism :]e ,i am p]mitt$ to     
answ]3 ,let u put x to ! te/6 ,b ,i     
don't wi% to he> any?+  m ( ?+s &       
que/ions :i* d n admit ( be+ te/$4 ,t is
  ! limit ( my s5se = tru?3 = brav]y has

 !re lo/ its "r4                        
#eb4    ,:at o!rs ,"k ( u4--,t :i* we "k
 ( ourselves & h 9  our memory is n s   
decisive = ! happ9ess ( our life z is   
g5]ally believ$4 ,"o day x fla%es ^u our
 m9d :at o!rs "k  ( u 7or ?9k !y "k7--& 
!n we ackn[l$ge t x is ! m  p[]ful4 ,we 
get on ) our bad consci5ce m easily ?an 
) our  bad reputation4                  
#ec4    ,:]e ,goodness ,beg9s4--,:]e bad
 eyesight c no long] see ! evil  impulse
 z su*1 on acc\nt ( its ref9em5t1--!re  
man sets up !  k+dom ( goodness2 & !    
feel+ ( hav+ n[ gone ov] into !  k+dom (
 goodness br+s all ^? impulses 7su* z ! 
feel+s (  security1 ( com=tabl5ess1 (   
b5evol5ce7 into simultane\s  activity1  
:i* 7 ?reat5$ & conf9$ by ! evil        
impulses4  ,consequ5tly1 ! dull] ! eye s
 mu* ! fur!r does goodness  ext5d6 ,h5ce
 ! et]nal *e]fulness ( ! populace & (   
*ildr56  ,h5ce ! gloom9ess & grief      
7alli$ to ! bad consci5ce7 ( great      
?9k]s4                                  
#ed4    ,! ,consci\sness (              

,appe>ance4--,h[ wond]fully & novelly1 &
 at  ! same "t h[ awfully & ironically1 
d ,i feel myself situat$ )  respect to  
collective exi/5ce1 ) my k6 ,i h        
discov]$  = myself t ! old humanity &   
animality1 yea1 ! collective  primeval  
age1 & ! pa/ ( all s5ti5t be+1 cont9ues 
to m$itate1  love1 hate1 & reason 9     
me1--,i h sudd5ly awoke 9 ! mid/ ( ?is  
dream1 b m]ely to ! consci\sness t ,i j 
dream1 & t ,i  mu/ dream on 9 ord] n to 
p]i%2 j z ! sleep-walk] mu/  dream on 9 
ord] n to tumble d[n4 ,:at is x t is n[ 
appe>ance to me6 ,v]ily1 n ! anti!sis ( 
any k9d (  ess5ce1--:at k c ,i ass]t (  
any k9d ( ess5ce :atsoev]1  except m]ely
 ! pr$icates ( its appe>ance6 ,v]ily n a
 dead mask  :i* "o c\ld put ^u an unkn[n
 ,x1 & :i* to be sure "o c\ld  also     
remove6 ,appe>ance is = me ! op]at+ &   
liv+ ?+ itself2  :i* goes s f> 9 its    
self-mock]y z to make me feel t "h !re  
is appe>ance1 & ,w o' ! ,wisp1 &        
_s-dance1 & no?+  m1--t among all ^!    
dream]s1 ,i also1 ! ?9k]1 dance my      

dance1 t ! ?9k] is a means ( prolong+   
fur!r ! t]re/rial  dance1 & 9 s f> is "o
 ( ! ma/]s ( c]emony ( exi/5ce1 &  t !  
sublime consi/5cy & connect$ness ( all  
bran*es (  k is p]haps1 & w p]haps1 be !
 be/ means =  ma9ta9+ ! univ]sality ( ! 
dream+1 ! complete1 mutual              
und]/&ability ( all ^? dream]s1 & !reby 
! duration (  ! dream4                  
#ee4    ,! ,ultimate ,nobility (        
,"*4--,:at !n makes a p]son noble8      
,c]ta9ly n t he makes sacrifices2 ev5 ! 
frantic lib]t9e makes  sacrifices4      
,c]ta9ly n t he g5]ally foll[s 8        
passions2 !re  are contemptible         
passions4 ,c]ta9ly n t he does some?+ = 
o!rs & )\t selfi%ness2 p]haps ! effect (
 selfi%ness is  precisely at its greate/
 9 ! noble/ p]sons4--,b t ! passion  :i*
 seizes ! noble man is a peculi>ity1 )\t
 8 kn[+ t x  is s3 ! use ( a r>e & s+ul>
 measur+-rod1 almo/ a fr5zy3  ! feel+ ( 
heat 9 ?+s :i* feel cold to all o!r     
p]sons3 a  div9+ ( values = :i* scales h
 n yet be5 inv5t$3 a  sacrific+ on alt>s

 :i* are consecrat$ to an unkn[n ,god3 a
 brav]y  )\t ! desire = hon\r3 a        
self-suffici5cy :i* has  sup]abundance1 
& imp>ts to m5 & ?+s4 ,hi!rto1 !re=e1 x 
has be5 ! r>e 9 man1 & ! unconsci\sness 
( ?is r>5ess1 t  has made m5 noble4 ,"h1
 h[ev]1 let u consid] t ev]y?+  ord9>y1 
imm$iate1 & indisp5sable1 9 %ort1 :at   
has be5 mo/  pres]vative ( ! species1 & 
g5]ally ! rule 9 mank9d  hi!rto1 has be5
 judg$ unreasonable & calumniat$ 9 its  
entirety  by ?is /&>d1 9 fav\r ( !      
exceptions4 ,to become ! advocate (  !  
rule--t may p]haps be ! ultimate =m &   
ref9em5t 9 :i*  nobility ( "* w reveal  
itself on e>?4                          
#ef4    ,! ,desire = ,suff]+4--,:5 ,i   
?9k ( ! desire to d some?+1  h[ x       
cont9ually tickles & /imulates millions 
( "y ,europeans1  :o _c endure !mselves 
& all _! ennui1--,i conceive t !re  mu/ 
be a desire 9 !m to suff] some?+1 9 ord]
 to d]ive f  _! suff]+ a wor?y motive = 
act+1 = do+ some?+4  ,di/ress is        
necess>y6 ,h5ce ! cry ( ! politicians1  

h5ce ! _m  false1 trump$-up1 exagg]at$  
/ates ( di/ress ( all possible  k9ds1 & 
! bl9d read9ess to believe 9 !m4 ,?is "y
 _w  desires t !re %\ld arrive or appe> 
f ! outside--n  happ9ess--b mis=tune2 & 
_! imag9ation is already busy  be=eh& to
 =m a mon/] out ( x1 s t !y may aft]w>ds
 be  able to fight ) a mon/]4 ,if ^!    
di/ress-seek]s felt ! p[]  to b5efit    
!mselves1 to d some?+ = !mselves f      
int]nal  s\rces1 !y w\ld also und]/& h[ 
to create a di/ress ( _!  own1 specially
 _! own1 f int]nal s\rces4 ,_! inv5tions
 might  !n be m ref9$1 & _!             
gratifications might s\nd l good  music3
 :ile at pres5t !y fill ! _w ) _! cries 
(  di/ress1 & consequ5tly too (t5 ) !   
feel+ ( di/ress 9  ! fir/ place6 ,!y d n
 "k :at to make ( !mselves--& s !y  pa9t
 ! mis=tune ( o!rs on ! wall2 !y always 
ne$ o!rs6 ,&  always aga9 o!r           
o!rs6--,p>don me1 my fri5ds1 ,i h v5tur$
 to  pa9t my happ9ess on ! wall4        
-----    ,footnote #g3      ,allusions  
to ! song ( ,cl>a 9 ,goe!'s             

,egmont4--,,tr4                         
,,book ,,second                         
#eg4    ,to ! ,reali/s4--,ye sob] be+s1 
:o feel y\rselves arm$ aga9/  passion & 
fantasy1 & w\ld gladly make a pride & an
 ornam5t out  ( y\r empt9ess1 ye call   
y\rselves reali/s & give to und]/&  t ! 
_w is actually con/itut$ z x appe>s to  
y2 be=e y  alone reality /&s unveil$1 & 
ye y\rselves w\ld p]haps be !  be/ "p ( 
x1--oh1 ye de> images ( ,sais6 ,b are n 
ye also 9 y\r  unveil$ condition /ill   
extremely passionate & dusky be+s comp>$
  ) ! fi%1 & /ill all too l an enam\r$  
arti/8#h--;& :at  is reality to an      
enam\r$ arti/6 ,ye /ill c>ry ab\t ) y ! 
valuations ( ?+s :i* _h _! orig9 9 !    
passions &  infatuations ( e>li]        
c5turies6 ,!re is /ill a secret &       
ineffaceable drunk5ness embodi$ 9 y\r   
sobriety6 ,y\r love (  reality1 =       
example--oh1 t is an old1 primitive     
love6 ,9 e  feel+1 9 e s5se-impression1 
!re is a portion ( ?is old love3  &     
simil>ly also "s k9d ( fantasy1         

prejudice1 irrationality1  ignorance1   
fe>1 & :atev] else has become m+l$ &    
wov5 into x4  ,!re is t m\nta96 ,!re is 
t cl\d6 ,:at is real 9 !m8  ,remove !   
phantasm & ! :ole human elem5t !refrom1 
ye sob]  ones6 ,yes1 if ye c\ld d t6 ,if
 ye c\ld =get y\r orig91 y\r  pa/1 y\r  
prep>atory s*ool+1--y\r :ole hi/ory z   
man & bea/6  ,!re is no reality = u--nor
 = y ei!r1 ye sob] ones1--we are  f> f  
be+ s ali5 to "o ano!r z ye suppose1 &  
p]haps our  good-w to get beyond        
drunk5ness is j z respectable z y\r     
belief t ye are altoge!r incapable (    
drunk5ness4                             
#eh4    ,only z ,creators6--,x has caus$
 me ! greate/ tr\ble1 & = ev]  causes me
 ! greate/ tr\ble1 to p]ceive t         
unspeakably m  dep5ds ^u :at ?+s are    
call$1 ?an on :at !y are4 ,!            
reputation1 ! "n & appe>ance1 !         
importance1 ! usual measure  & weight ( 
?+s--ea* be+ 9 orig9 mo/ frequ5tly an   
error &  arbitr>9ess ?r[n ov] ! ?+s l a 
g>m5t1 & q ali5 to  _! ess5ce & ev5 to  

_! ext]ior--h gradually1 by ! belief    
!re9 & its cont9u\s gr[? f g5]ation to  
g5]ation1 gr[n  z x 7 on-&-into ?+s &   
become _! v body2 ! appe>ance  at ! v   
beg9n+ becomes almo/ always ! ess5ce 9 !
 end1 &  op]ates z ! ess5ce6 ,:at a fool
 he w\ld be :o w\ld ?9k x  en\gh to ref]
 "h to ?is orig9 & ?is nebul\s veil (   
illusion1  9 ord] to annihilate t :i*   
virtually passes = !  _w--namely1       
s-call$ reality6 ,x is only z creators t
 we c  annihilate6--,b let u n =get ?is3
 x suffices to create new names  &      
valuations & probabilities1 9 ord] 9 !  
long run to create new  ?+s4            
#ei4    ,we ,arti/s6--,:5 we love a     
woman we h readily a hatr$ aga9/        
nature1 on recollect+ all ! disagreeable
 natural functions to :i*  e woman is   
subject2 we pref] n to ?9k ( !m at all1 
b if  once our s\l t\*es on ^! ?+s x    
twit*es impati5tly1 &  glances1 z we h  
said1 contemptu\sly at nature3--we are  
hurt2 nature  seems to encroa* ^u our   
possessions1 & ) ! pr(ane/ h&s4 ,we  !n 

%ut our e>s aga9/ all physiology1 & we  
decree 9 secret t  we w he> no?+ ( !    
fact t man is some?+ else ?an s\l  & =m6
 ,! man "u ! sk9 is an abom9ation &     
mon/rosity1  a blasphemy ( ,god & ( love
 to all lov]s4--,well1 j z ! lov]  /ill 
feels ) respect to nature & natural     
functions1 s did e  wor%ipp] ( ,god & 8 
holy omnipot5ce =m]ly feel3 9 all t  0  
said ( nature by a/ronom]s1 geologi/s1  
physiologi/s1 &  physicians1 he saw an  
encroa*m5t on 8 mo/ preci\s possession1 
&  consequ5tly an attack1--& moreov]    
also an imp]t95ce ( !  assailant6 ,! law
 ( nature s\nd$ to him z blasphemy aga9/
 ,god2  9 tru? he w\ld too will+ly h se5
 ! :ole ( me*anics trac$  back to moral 
acts ( volition & arbitr>9ess3--b       
because nobody  c\ld r5d] him ?is       
s]vice1 he conceal$ nature & me*anism f 
himself z be/ he c\ld1 & liv$ 9 a dream4
 ,oh1 ^? m5 ( =m]  times und]/ood h[ to 
dream1 & did n ne$ fir/ to g to         
sleep6--& we m5 ( ! pres5t day also /ill
 und]/& x too well1  ) all our good-w = 

wakefulness & daylight6 ,x suffices to  
love1 to hate1 to desire1 & 9 g5]al to  
feel1--imm$iately !  _s & ! p[] ( !     
dream come ov] u1 & we asc5d1 ) op5     
eyes & indiff]5t to all dang]1 ! mo/    
dang]\s pa?s1 to !  ro(s & t[]s (       
fantasy1 & )\t any gidd9ess1 z p]sons   
born  = climb+--we ! night-walk]s by    
day6 ,we arti/s6 ,we conceal]s (        
naturalness6 ,we moon-/ruck & ,god-/ruck
 ones6 ,we dead-sil5t1  untir+ w&]]s on 
heights :i* we d n see z heights1 b z   
our  pla9s1 z our places ( safety6      
#fj4    ,wom5 & _! ,effect 9 !          
,di/ance4--,h ,i /ill e>s8 ,am ,i only  
e>1 & no?+ else besides8 ,"h ,i /& 9 !  
mid/ ( ! surg+  ( ! break]s1 ^: :ite    
flames =k up to my feet2--f all sides   
!re is h[l+1 ?reat5+1 cry+1 & scream+ at
 me1 :ile 9 !  l[e/ dep?s ! old e>?-%ak]
 s+s 8 aria1 holl[ l a ro>+  bull2 he   
beats su* an e>?-%ak]'s measure !reto1 t
 ev5 !  he>ts ( ^! wea!r$ rock-mon/]s   
tremble at ! s\nd4 ,!n1  sudd5ly1 z if  
born out ( no?+ness1 !re appe>s be=e !  

portal  ( ?is helli% labyr9?1 only a few
 fa?oms di/ant1--a great  sail+-%ip     
glid+ sil5tly along l a gho/4 ,oh1 ?is  
gho/ly  beauty6 ,) :at en*antm5t x      
seizes me6 ,:at8 ,has all ! repose &    
sil5ce 9 ! _w emb>k$ "h8 ,does my       
happ9ess itself sit 9 ?is  quiet place1 
my happi] ego1 my second immortalis$    
self8 ,/ill n  dead1 yet also no long]  
liv+8 ,z a gho/-l1 calm1 gaz+1 glid+1   
sweep+1 neutral be+8 ,simil> to ! %ip1  
:i*1 ) its :ite  sails1 l an imm5se     
butt]fly1 passes ov] ! d>k sea6 ,yes6   
,pass+  ov] exi/5ce6 ,t is x6 ,t w\ld be
 x6----,x seems t ! noise  "h has made  
me a vision>y8 ,all great noise causes  
"o to place  happ9ess 9 ! calm & !      
di/ance4 ,:5 a man is 9 ! mid/ (  8     
hubbub1 9 ! mid/ ( ! break]s ( 8 plots &
 plans1 he  !re sees p]haps calm1       
en*ant+ be+s glide pa/ him1 = ^:        
happ9ess & retirem5t he longs--!y are   
wom54 ,he almo/ ?9ks  t !re ) ! wom5    
dwells 8 bett] self2 t 9 ^! calm  places
 ev5 ! l\de/ break]s become /ill z dea?1

 & life itself  a dream ( life4 ,b /ill6
 ,b /ill6 ,my noble en?usia/1 !re is    
also 9 ! mo/ beautiful sail+-%ip s mu*  
noise & bu/l+1 &  alas1 s mu* petty1    
pitiable bu/l+6 ,! en*antm5t & ! mo/    
p[]ful effect ( wom5 is1 to use !       
language ( philosoph]s1 an  effect at a 
di/ance1 an actio 9 di/ans2 !re belongs 
!reto1  h[ev]1 prim>ily & above         
all1--di/ance6                          
#fa4    ,9 ,hon\r ( ,fri5d%ip4--,t !    
s5tim5t ( fri5d%ip 0 reg>d$  by         
antiquity z ! highe/ s5tim5t1 high] ev5 
?an ! mo/ vaunt$  pride ( !             
self-suffici5t & wise1 yea z x 7 its    
sole & /ill  holi] bro!rhood1 is v well 
express$ by ! /ory ( !  ,mac$onian k+ :o
 made ! pres5t ( a tal5t to a cynical   
,a!nian  philosoph] f :om he receiv$ x  
back aga94 ,:at8 said ! k+1  has he !n  
no fri5d8 ,he !re) meant to say1 ,i     
hon\r ?is pride  ( ! wise & indep5d5t   
man1 b ,i %\ld h hon\r$ 8 humanity  /ill
 high] if ! fri5d 9 him _h ga9$ !       
victory ov] 8 pride4  ,! philosoph] has 

l[]$ himself 9 my e/imation1 = he %[$ t 
he did n "k "o ( ! two highe/           
s5tim5ts--& 9 fact ! high]  ( !m6       
#fb4    ,love4--,love p>dons ev5 !      
passion ( ! belov$4                     
#fc4    ,woman 9 ,music4--,h[ does x    
happ5 t w>m & ra9y w9ds br+ !  musical  
mood & ! inv5tive delight 9 melody ) !m8
 ,are !y n  ! same w9ds t fill ! *ur*es 
& give wom5 amor\s ?\ghts8              
#fd4    ,sceptics4--,i fe> wom5 :o h    
become old are m sceptical 9 !  secret  
recesses ( _! he>ts ?an any ( ! m5 are2 
!y believe 9  ! sup]ficiality ( exi/5ce 
z 9 its ess5ce1 & all virtue &          
pr(undity is to !m only ! disguis+ ( ?is
 tru?1 ! v  desirable disguis+ ( a      
pud5dum1--an affair1 !re=e1 ( dec5cy  & 
( mode/y1 & no?+ m6                     
#fe4    ,devot$ness4--,!re are noble    
wom5 ) a c]ta9 pov]ty ( _s1  :o1 9 ord] 
to express _! pr(\nde/ devot$ness1 h no 
o!r  alt]native b to (f] _! virtue &    
mode/y3 x is ! highe/  ?+ !y h4 ,& ?is  
pres5t is (t5 accept$ )\t putt+ !       

recipi5t "u su* deep obligation z ! giv]
 suppos$1--a v  melan*oly /ory6         
#ff4    ,! ,/r5g? ( ! ,weak4--,wom5 are 
all skilful 9 exagg]at+ _!  weaknesses1 
inde$ !y are inv5tive 9 weaknesses1 s z 
to seem q  fragile ornam5ts to :i* ev5 a
 gra9 ( du/ does h>m2 _!  exi/5ce is    
meant to br+ home to man's m9d 8        
co>s5ess1 & to  appeal to 8 consci5ce4  
,!y ?us def5d !mselves aga9/ ! /rong  & 
all rights ( might4                     
#fg4    ,self-dissembl+4--,%e loves him 
n[ & has s9ce be5 look+ =?  ) z quiet   
confid5ce z a c[2 b alas6 ,x 0 precisely
 8  delight t %e seem$ s fitful &       
absolutely incompreh5sible6 ,he  _h r   
too mu* /eady wea!r 9 himself already6  
,w\ld %e n d  well to feign h] old "*8  
to feign indiff]5ce8 ,does n--love      
itself advise h] to d s8 ,vivat comdia6 
#fh4    ,w & ,will+ness4--,"s "o br\ght 
a y\? to a wise man & said1  ,see1 ?is  
is "o :o is be+ corrupt$ by wom56 ,!    
wise man %ook  8 head & smil$4 ,x is m51
 he call$ out1 :o corrupt wom52 &       

ev]y?+ t wom5 lack %\ld be aton$ = &    
improv$ 9 m51--=  man creates = himself 
! ideal ( woman1 & woman m\lds h]self   
accord+ to ?is ideal4--,y are too       
t5d]-he>t$ t[>ds wom51  said "o ( !     
by/&]s1 y d n "k !m6 ,! wise man        
answ]$3 ,man's attribute is w1 woman's  
attribute is  will+ness1--su* is ! law (
 ! sexes1 v]ily6 a h>d law = woman6     
,all human be+s are innoc5t ( _!        
exi/5ce1 wom51 h[ev]1 are  d\bly        
innoc5t2 :o c\ld h en\gh ( salve &      
g5tl5ess =  !m6--,:at ab\t salve6 ,:at  
ab\t g5tl5ess6 call$ out ano!r  p]son 9 
! cr[d1 we mu/ educate wom5 bett]6--,we 
mu/ educate  m5 bett]1 said ! wise man1 
& made a sign to ! y\? to foll[         
him4--,! y\?1 h[ev]1 did n foll[ him4   
#fi4    ,capacity = ,rev5ge4--,t a p]son
 _c & consequ5tly w n  def5d himself1   
does n yet ca/ disgrace ^u him 9 our    
eyes2 b we  despise ! p]son :o has nei!r
 ! ability nor ! good-w =  rev5ge--:e!r 
x be a man or a woman4 ,w\ld a woman be 
able to  captivate u 7or1 z p say1 to   

fett] u7 :om we did n cr$it  ) kn[+ h[  
to employ ! dagg] 7any k9d ( dagg]7     
skilfully  aga9/ u "u c]ta9             
circum/ances8 ,or aga9/ h]self2 :i* 9 a 
c]ta9 case might be ! sev]e/ rev5ge 7!  
,*9ese rev5ge74                         
#gj4    ,! ,mi/resses ( ! ,ma/]s4--,a   
p[]ful contralto voice1 z we            
occasionally he> x 9 ! !atre1 raises    
sudd5ly = u ! curta9  on possibilities 9
 :i* we usually d n believe2 all at once
 we are  conv9c$ t some:]e 9 ! _w !re   
may be wom5 ) high1  h]oic1 royal s\ls1 
capable & prep>$ = magnific5t           
remon/rances1  resolutions1 &           
self-sacrifices1 capable & prep>$ =     
dom9ation  ov] m51 because 9 !m ! be/ 9 
man1 sup]ior to sex1 has become a       
corporeal ideal4 ,to be sure1 x is n !  
int5tion ( ! !atre t  su* voices %\ld   
give su* a conception ( wom52 !y are    
usually  int5d$ to repres5t ! ideal male
 lov]1 = example1 a ,romeo2 b1  to judge
 by my exp]i5ce1 ! !atre regul>ly       
miscalculates "h1 &  ! musician also1 :o

 expects su* effects f su* a voice4 ,p d
  n believe 9 ^! lov]s2 ^! voices /ill  
conta9 a t+e ( !  mo!rly & h\sewifely   
"*1 & mo/ ( all :5 love is 9  _! tone4  
#ga4    ,on ,female ,*a/ity4--,!re is   
some?+ q a/oni%+ &  extraord9>y 9 !     
education ( wom5 ( ! high] class2 inde$1
  !re is p]haps no?+ m p>adoxical4 ,all 
! _w is agre$ to  educate !m ) z mu*    
ignorance z possible 9 eroticis1 & to   
inspire _! s\l ) a pr(\nd %ame ( su*    
?+s1 & !  extreme/ impati5ce & horror at
 ! sugge/ion ( !m4 ,x is really  "h only
 t all ! hon\r ( woman is at /ake2 :at  
w\ld "o n  =give !m 9 o!r respects6 ,b  
"h !y are int5d$ to rema9  ignorant to !
 v backbone3--!y are int5d$ to h nei!r  
eyes1  e>s1 words1 nor ?\ghts = ?is1 _! 
wick$ness2 inde$ k  "h is already evil4 
,& !n6 ,to be hurl$ z ) an awful        
?und]bolt into reality & k ) m>riage--& 
inde$ by him  :om !y mo/ love & e/eem3  
to h to enc\nt] love & %ame 9           
contradiction1 yea1 to h to feel        
rapture1 ab&onm5t1 duty1  sympa?y1 &    

fright at ! unexpect$ proximity ( ,god &
 animal1 &  :atev] else besides6 all at 
once6--,!re1 9 fact1 a psy*ic           
entanglem5t has be5 effect$ :i* is q    
unequall$6 ,ev5 !  sympa!tic curiosity (
 ! wise/ disc]n] ( m5 does n suffice to 
div9e h[ ?is or t woman gets along ) !  
solution ( ?is  enigma & ! enigma ( ?is 
solution2 :at dreadful1 f>-rea*+        
suspicions mu/ awak5 !reby 9 ! poor     
unh+$ s\l2 & =soo?1  h[ ! ultimate      
philosophy & scepticism ( ! woman ca/s  
an*or at  ?is po9t6--,aft]w>ds ! same   
pr(\nd sil5ce z be=e3 & (t5  ev5 a      
sil5ce to h]self1 a %utt+ ( h] eyes to  
h]self4--,"y  wives on t acc\nt make    
great ef=ts to appe> sup]ficial &       
?\ghtless2 ! mo/ +5i\s ( !m simulate a  
k9d (  impud5ce4--,wives easily feel _! 
husb&s z a "q-m>k to _!  hon\r1 & _!    
*ildr5 z an apology or atonem5t1--!y    
require  *ildr51 & wi% = !m 9 q ano!r _s
 ?an a husb&  wi%es = !m4--,9 %ort1 "o  
_c be g5tle en\gh t[>ds wom56           
#gb4    ,mo!rs4--,animals ?9k diff]5tly 

f m5 ) respect to females2  ) !m !      
female is reg>d$ z ! productive be+4    
,!re is no  pat]nal love among !m1 b !re
 is su* a ?+ z love ( !  *ildr5 ( a     
belov$1 & habituation to !m4 ,9 ! "y1 ! 
females f9d gratification = _! lu/ (    
dom9ion2 ! "y are a  prop]ty1 an        
occupation1 some?+ q compreh5sible to   
!m1 )  :i* !y c *att]3 all ?is conjo9tly
 is mat]nal love1--x is to  be comp>$ to
 ! love ( ! arti/ = 8 "w4 ,pregnancy has
 made  ! females g5tl]1 m expectant1 m  
timid1 m submissively  incl9$2 &        
simil>ly intellectual pregnancy eng5d]s 
! "*  ( ! contemplative1 :o are alli$ to
 wom5 9 "*3--!y are !  mascul9e         
mo!rs4--,among animals ! mascul9e sex is
 reg>d$ z !  beautiful sex4             
#gc4    ,sa9tly ,cruelty4--,a man hold+ 
a newly born *ild 9 8 h&s came to  a    
sa9t4 ,:at %\ld ,i d ) ! *ild1 he ask$1 
x is wret*$1  de=m$1 & has n ev5 en\gh (
 life to die4 ,kill x1 cri$ !  sa9t ) a 
dreadful voice1 kill x1 & !n hold x 9 ?y
 arms =  ?ree days & ?ree nights to br& 

x on ?y memory3--?us wilt ?\  nev] aga9 
beget a *ild :5 x is n ! "t = !e to     
beget4--,:5 ! man _h he>d ?is he w5t    
away disappo9t$2 & _m  f\nd fault ) !   
sa9t because he _h advis$ cruelty1 = he 
_h  advis$ to kill ! *ild4 ,b is x n m  
cruel to let x live8  ask$ ! sa9t4      
#gd4    ,! ,unsuccessful4--,^? poor wom5
 always fail ( success :o become        
agitat$ & unc]ta91 & talk too mu* 9     
pres5ce ( him :om !y  love2 = m5 are mo/
 successfully s$uc$ by a c]ta9 subtle & 
phlegmatic t5d]ness4                    
#ge4    ,! ,?ird ,sex4--,a small man is 
a p>adox1 b /ill a man1--b !  small     
woman seems to me to be ( ano!r sex 9   
comp>ison )  well-gr[n ones--said an old
 danc+-ma/]4 ,a small woman is nev]     
beautiful--said old ,ari/otle4          
#gf4    ,! greate/ ,dang]4--,_h !re n at
 all times be5 a l>g] numb]  ( m5 :o    
reg>d$ ! cultivation ( _! m9d--_!       
rationality--z  _! pride1 _! obligation1
 _! virtue1 & 7 injur$ or %am$  by all  
play ( fancy & extravagance ( ?9k+--z   

lov]s ( s\nd  common s5se3--mank9d w\ld 
long ago h p]i%$6 ,incipi5t  insanity   
has hov]$1 & hov]s cont9ually ov] mank9d
 z its  greate/ dang]3 t is precisely ! 
break+ out ( incl9ation 9  feel+1 see+1 
& he>+2 ! enjoym5t ( ! unrul9ess ( !    
m9d2 ! delight 9 human unreason4 ,x is n
 tru? & c]ta9ty t  is ! anti!sis ( ! _w 
( ! insane1 b ! univ]sality &           
all-obligator9ess ( a belief1 9 %ort1   
non-volunt>9ess 9 =m+  op9ions4 ,& !    
greate/ lab\r ( human be+s hi!rto has   
be5 to  agree ) "o ano!r reg>d+ a great 
_m ?+s1 & to impose ^u  !mselves a law (
 agreem5t--indiff]5t :e!r ^! ?+s are    
true or false4 ,?is is ! discipl9e ( !  
m9d :i* has pres]v$  mank9d2--b !       
c\nt]-impulses are /ill s p[]ful t "o c 
really speak ( ! future ( mank9d )      
little confid5ce4 ,! ideas  ( ?+s /ill  
cont9ually %ift & move1 & w p]haps alt] 
m  ?an ev] 9 ! future2 x is cont9ually !
 mo/ select spirits  !mselves :o /rive  
aga9/ univ]sal obligator9ess--!         
inve/igators  ( tru? above all6 ,!      

accept$ belief1 z ! belief ( all !  _w1 
cont9ually eng5d]s a disgu/ & a new     
long+ 9 ! m  +5i\s m9ds2 & already ! sl[
 tempo :i* x dem&s = all  intellectual  
processes 7! imitation ( ! tortoise1 :i*
 is "h  recognis$ z ! rule7 makes !     
arti/s & poets runaways3--x is 9  ^!    
impati5t spirits t a d[nright delight 9 
delirium breaks out1  because delirium  
has su* a joyful tempo6 ,virtu\s        
intellects1  !re=e1 are ne$$--ah6 ,i    
want to use ! lea/ ambigu\s             
^w1--virtu\s /upidity is ne$$1          
imp]turbable conductors ( !  sl[ spirits
 are ne$$1 9 ord] t ! fai?ful ( ! great 
collective belief may rema9 ) "o ano!r &
 dance _! dance  fur!r3 x is a necessity
 ( ! fir/ importance t "h enjo9s &      
dem&s4 ,we o!rs are ! exceptions & !    
dang]1--we et]nally  ne$                
protection6--,well1 !re c actually be   
some?+ said 9 fav\r (  ! exceptions     
provid$ t !y nev] want to become ! rule4
                                        
#gg4    ,! ,animal ) good               

,consci5ce4--,x is n unkn[n to me t !re 
is  vulg>ity 9 ev]y?+ t pleases ,s\!rn  
,europe--:e!r x be  ,italian op]a 7=    
example1 ,ross9i's & ,bell9i's71 or !   
,spani%  adv5ture-romance 7mo/ readily  
accessible to u 9 ! ,fr5* g>b (  ,gil   
,blas7--b x does n (f5d me1 any m ?an ! 
vulg>ity :i*  "o enc\nt]s 9 a walk ?r\gh
 ,pompeii1 or ev5 9 ! read+ (  e anci5t 
book3 :at is ! reason ( ?is8 ,is x      
because %ame is  lack+ "h1 & because !  
vulg> always comes =w>d j z sure  &     
c]ta9 ( itself z any?+ noble1 lovely1 & 
passionate 9 !  same k9d ( music or     
romance8 ,! animal has its rights l man1
 s  let x run ab\t freely2 & y1 my de>  
fell[-man1 are /ill ?is  animal1 9 spite
 ( all6--t seems to me ! moral ( ! case1
 &  ! peculi>ity ( s\!rn humanity4 ,bad 
ta/e has its rights l good  ta/e1 & ev5 
a pr]ogative ov] ! latt] :5 x is ! great
  requisite1 ! sure satisfaction1 & z x 
7 a univ]sal language1  an imm$iately   
intelligible mask & attitude2 !         
excell5t1 select  ta/e on ! o!r h& has  

always some?+ ( a seek+1 t5tative  "*1 n
 fully c]ta9 t x und]/&s1--x is nev]1 & 
has  nev] be5 popul>6 ,! masque is &    
rema9s popul>6 ,s let all ?is  masqu]ade
 run along 9 ! melodies & cad5ces1 9 !  
leaps &  m]rim5t ( ! rhy?m ( ^! op]as6  
,q ! anci5t life6 ,:at  does "o und]/& (
 x1 if "o does n und]/& ! delight 9 !   
masque1 ! good consci5ce ( all          
masqu]ade6 ,"h is ! ba? & !  refre%m5t (
 ! anci5t _s3--& p]haps ?is ba? 0 /ill m
  necess>y = ! r>e & sublime natures ( !
 anci5t _w ?an =  ! vulg>4--,on ! o!r   
h&1 a vulg> turn 9 nor!rn works1 =      
example 9 ,g]man music1 (f5ds me        
unutt]ably4 ,!re is %ame 9 x1  ! arti/  
has l[]$ himself 9 8 own sight1 & c\ld n
 ev5  avoid blu%+3 we are a%am$ ) him1 &
 are s hurt because we  surmise t he    
believ$ he _h to l[] himself on our     
acc\nt4                                 
#gh4    ,:at we %\ld be ,grateful =4--,x
 is only ! arti/s1 & especially  !      
!atrical arti/s :o h furni%$ m5 ) eyes &
 e>s to he>  & see ) "s pleasure :at    

ev]yone is 9 himself1 :at he  exp]i5ces 
& aims at3 x is only !y :o h taught u h[
 to  e/imate ! h]o t is conceal$ 9 ea* (
 ^! common-place m51  & ! art ( look+ at
 ourselves f a di/ance z h]oes1 & z x  7
 simplifi$ & transfigur$1--! art ( putt+
 ourselves on !  /age be=e ourselves4 ,x
 is ?us only t we get beyond "s ( !     
paltry details 9 ourselves6 ,)\t t art  
we %\ld be no?+ b  =e-gr\nd1 & w\ld live
 absolutely "u ! spell ( !  p]spective  
:i* makes ! close/ & ! commone/ seem    
imm5sely  l>ge & l reality 9            
itself4--,p]haps !re is m]it ( a simil> 
k9d 9 ! religion :i* comm&$ u to look at
 ! s9fulness (  e individual man ) a    
magnify+-glass1 & to make a great1      
immortal crim9al out ( ! s9n]2 9 t x put
 et]nal p]spectives  ar\nd man1 x taught
 him to see himself f a di/ance1 & z    
some?+ pa/1 some?+ entire4              
#gi4    ,! ,*>m ( ,imp]fection4--,i see 
"h a poet1 :o1 l s _m m51  ex]cises a   
high] *>m by 8 imp]fections ?an by all t
 is  r\nd$ (f & takes p]fect %ape "u 8  

h&s1--inde$1 he d]ives  8 advantage &   
reputation f> m f 8 actual limitations  
?an  f 8 abundant p[]s4 ,8 "w nev]      
expresses altoge!r :at he  w\ld really l
 to express1 :at he w\ld l to h se53 he 
appe>s to h _h ! =eta/e ( a vision &    
nev] ! vision  itself3--b an extraord9>y
 long+ = ?is vision has rema9$ 9 8  s\l2
 & f ?is he d]ives 8 equally extraord9>y
 eloqu5ce (  long+ & crav+4 ,) ?is he   
raises ^? :o li/5 to him above  8 "w &  
above all works1 & gives !m w+s to rise 
high] ?an  he>]s h ev] ris5 be=e1 ?us   
mak+ !m poets & se]s  !mselves2 !y !n %[
 an admiration = ! orig9ator ( _!       
happ9ess1 z if he _h l$ !m imm$iately to
 ! vision ( 8  holie/ & ultimate        
v]ities1 z if he _h rea*$ 8 goal1 & _h  
actually se5 & communicat$ 8 vision4 ,x 
is to ! advantage (  8 reputation t he  
has n really arriv$ at 8 goal4          
#hj4    ,art & ,nature4--,! ,greeks 7or 
at lea/ ! ,a!nians7 lik$ to he>  good   
talk+3 inde$ !y _h an eag] incl9ation = 
x1 :i*  di/+ui%$ !m m ?an any?+ else f  

non-,greeks4 ,& s !y  requir$ good talk+
 ev5 f passion on ! /age1 & submitt$ to 
! unnaturalness ( dramatic v]se )       
delight3--9 nature1 =soo?1  passion is s
 sp>+ ( words6 s dumb & confus$6 ,or if 
x f9ds  words1 s emb>rass$ & irrational 
& a %ame to itself6 ,we h n[1  all ( u1 
?anks to ! ,greeks1 accu/om$ ourselves  
to ?is  unnaturalness on ! /age1 z we   
endure t o!r unnaturalness1 !  s++      
passion1 & will+ly endure x1 ?anks to ! 
,italians4--,x  has become a necessity  
to u1 :i* we _c satisfy out ( !         
res\rces ( actuality1 to he> m5 talk    
well & 9 full detail 9 !  mo/ try+      
situations3 x enraptures u at pres5t :5 
! tragic h]o  /ill f9ds words1 reasons1 
eloqu5t ge/ures1 & on ! :ole a bright   
spirituality1 :]e life approa*es !      
abysses1 & :]e ! actual  man mo/ly loses
 8 head1 & c]ta9ly 8 f9e language4 ,?is 
k9d (  deviation f nature is p]haps !   
mo/ agreeable repa/ = man's  pride3 he  
loves art g5]ally on acc\nt ( x1 z !    
expression (  high1 h]oic unnaturalness 

& conv5tion4 ,"o rightly objects to !   
dramatic poet :5 he does n trans=m      
ev]y?+ into reason &  spee*1 b always   
reta9s a remnant ( sil5ce3--j z "o is   
dissatisfi$ ) an op]atic musician :o _c 
f9d a melody = !  highe/ emotion1 b only
 an emotional1 natural /amm]+ & cry+4   
,"h nature has to be contradict$6 ,"h ! 
common *>m ( illusion  has to give place
 to a high] *>m6 ,! ,greeks g f>1 f> 9  
?is  direction--frightfully f>6 ,z !y   
con/ruct$ ! /age z n>r[ z  possible &   
disp5s$ ) all ! effect ( deep           
backgr\nds1 z !y  made pantomime & easy 
motion impossible to ! actor1 & trans=m$
  him into a solemn1 /iff1 mask$ bogey1 
s !y h also depriv$  passion itself (   
its deep backgr\nd1 & h dictat$ to x a  
law (  f9e talk2 inde$1 !y h really done
 ev]y?+ to c\nt]act !  elem5t>y effect (
 repres5tations t inspire pity & t]ror3 
!y  did n want pity & t]ror1--) due     
def]5ce1 ) ! highe/  def]5ce to         
,ari/otle6 b he c]ta9ly did n hit !     
nail1 to say  no?+ ( ! head ( ! nail1 :5

 he spoke ab\t ! f9al aim (  ,greek     
trag$y6 ,let u b look at ! ,grecian     
tragic poets ) respect  to :at mo/      
excit$ _! dilig5ce1 _! inv5tiv5ess1 & _!
  emulation1--c]ta9ly x 0 n ! int5tion (
 subjugat+ !  spectators by emotion6 ,! 
,a!nian w5t to ! !atre to he> f9e       
talk+6 ,& f9e talk+ 0 arriv$ at by      
,sophocles6--p>don me ?is  h]esy6--,x is
 v diff]5t ) s]i\s op]a3 all its ma/]s  
make  x _! bus9ess to prev5t _!         
p]sonages be+ und]/ood4 ,an  occasional 
^w pick$ up may come to ! assi/ance ( ! 
inatt5tive  li/5]2 b on ! :ole !        
situation mu/ be self-explanatory1--!   
talk+ is ( no acc\nt6--s !y all ?9k1 & s
 !y h all  made fun ( ! words4 ,p]haps  
!y h only lack$ c\rage to express  fully
 _! extreme contempt = words3 a little  
additional insol5ce 9  ,ross9i1 & he    
w\ld h all[$ la-la-la-la to be sung     
?r\gh\t--&  x might h be5 ! rational    
c\rse6 ,! p]sonages ( ! op]a are  n     
meant to be believ$ 9 _! words1 b 9 _!  
tones6 ,t is  ! diff]5ce1 t is ! f9e    

unnaturalness on acc\nt ( :i*  p g to ! 
op]a6 ,ev5 ! recitativo secco is n      
really  int5d$ to be he>d z words &     
text3 ?is k9d ( half-music is meant  r 9
 ! fir/ place to give ! musical e> a    
little repose 7!  repose f melody1 z f !
 sublime/1 & on t acc\nt !  mo/ /ra9+   
enjoym5t ( ?is art71--b v soon some?+   
diff]5t  results1 namely1 an increas+   
impati5ce1 an increas+ resi/ance1 a  new
 long+ = entire music1 = melody4--,h[ is
 x ) ! art (  ,ri*>d ,wagn] z se5 f ?is 
/&po9t8 ,is x p]haps ! same8  ,p]haps   
o!rwise8 ,x w\ld (t5 seem to me z if "o 
ne$$ to h  le>n$ by he>t bo? ! words & !
 music ( 8 creations be=e  ! p]=mances2 
= )\t t--s x seem$ to me--"o may he>    
nei!r ! words1 nor ev5 ! music4         
#ha4    ,grecian ,ta/e4--,:at is        
beautiful 9 x8--ask$ a c]ta9            
geometrician1 aft] a p]=mance ( !       
,iphig5ia--!re is no?+  prov$ 9 x6 ,c\ld
 ! ,greeks h be5 s f> f ?is ta/e8 ,9    
,sophocles at lea/ ev]y?+ is prov$4     
#hb4    ,esprit ,un-,grecian4--,!       

,greeks 7 exce$+ly logical & pla9 9  all
 _! ?9k+2 !y did n get tir$ ( x1 at lea/
 dur+ _!  long fl\ri%+ p]iod1 z is s (t5
 ! case ) ! ,fr5*2 :o  too will+ly made 
a little excursion into ! opposite1 & 9 
fact  endure ! _s ( logic only :5 x     
betrays its sociable c\rtesy1  its      
sociable self-r5unciation1 by a         
multitude ( su* little excursions  into 
its opposite4 ,logic appe>s to !m z     
necess>y z bread &  wat]1 b also l ^! z 
a k9d ( prison-f>e1 z soon z x is to  be
 tak5 pure & by itself4 ,9 good society 
"o mu/ nev] want to be  9 ! "r          
absolutely & solely1 z all pure logic   
requires2 h5ce1  ! little dose (        
irrationality 9 all ,fr5* esprit4--,!   
social  s5se ( ! ,greeks 0 f> less      
develop$ ?an t ( ! ,fr5* 9  ! pres5t & !
 pa/2 h5ce1 s little esprit 9 _! clev]e/
  m51 h5ce1 s little wit1 ev5 9 _! wags1
 h5ce--alas6 ,b p  w n readily believe  
^! t5ets ( m9e1 & h[ mu* ( ! k9d  ,i h  
/ill on my s\l6--,e/ res magna          
tac]e--says ,m>tial1 l all  g>rul\s p4  

#hc4    ,translations4--,"o c e/imate ! 
am\nt ( ! hi/orical s5se  :i* an age    
possesses by ! way 9 :i* x makes        
translations &  seeks to embody 9 itself
 pa/ p]iods & lit]atures4 ,! ,fr5* (    
,corneille1 & ev5 ! ,fr5* ( !           
,revolution1 appropriat$ ,roman         
antiquity 9 a mann] = :i* we w\ld no    
long] h !  c\rage--ow+ to our sup]ior   
hi/orical s5se4 ,& ,roman antiquity     
itself3 h[ viol5tly1 & at ! same "t h[  
navely1 did x lay its  h& on ev]y?+     
excell5t & elevat$ belong+ to ! old]    
,grecian  antiquity6 ,h[ !y translat$ ^!
 writ+s into ! ,roman pres5t6  ,h[ !y   
wip$ away int5tionally & unconc]n$ly !  
w+-du/ ( !  butt]fly mom5t6 ,x is ?us t 
,horace n[ & !n translat$ ,alcu  or     
,ar*ilo*us1 x is ?us t ,prop]tius       
translat$ ,callima*us &  ,philetas      
7poets ( equal rank ) ,!ocritus1 if we  
be all[$ to  judge73 ( :at consequ5ce 0 
x to !m t ! actual creator  exp]i5c$ ?is
 & t1 & _h inscrib$ ! indication !re( 9 
8 poem6--z poets !y 7 av]se to !        

antiqu>ian1 inquisitive  _s :i* prec$es 
! hi/orical s5se2 z poets !y did n      
respect ^? ess5tially p]sonal traits &  
names1 nor any?+  peculi> to city1 coa/1
 or c5tury1 su* z its co/ume & mask1 b  
at once put ! pres5t & ! ,roman 9 its   
place4 ,!y seem to u to  ask3 ,%\ld we n
 make ! old new = ourselves1 & adju/    
ourselves to x8 ,%\ld we n be all[$ to  
inspire ?is dead body  ) our s\l8 = x is
 dead inde$3 h[ loa?some is ev]y?+      
dead6--,!y did n "k ! pleasure ( !      
hi/orical s5se2 ! pa/  & ! ali5 0 pa9ful
 to !m1 & z ,romans x 0 an incitem5t to 
a ,roman conque/4 ,9 fact1 !y conqu]$ :5
 !y translat$1--n only  9 t !y omitt$ ! 
hi/orical3 no1 !y add$ also allusions to
  ! pres5t2 above all1 !y /ruck out ! "n
 ( ! poet & put  _! own 9 its place--n )
 ! feel+ ( !ft1 b ) ! v  be/ consci5ce (
 ! imp]ium ,romanum4                    
#hd4    ,! ,orig9 ( ,poetry4--,! lov]s (
 ! fanta/ic 9 man1 :o at !  same "t     
repres5t ! doctr9e ( in/9ctive morality1
 draw ?is  conclusion3 ,grant$ t utility

 has be5 hon\r$ at all times z !  highe/
 div9ity1 :]e !n 9 all ! _w has poetry  
come f8--?is  rhy?mis+ ( spee* :i* ?w>ts
 r ?an fur!rs pla9ness (  communication1
 & :i*1 nev]!less1 has sprung up ev]y:]e
 on !  e>?1 & /ill spr+s up1 z a mock]y 
( all useful purpose6 ,!  wildly        
beautiful irrationality ( poetry refutes
 y1 ye utilit>ians6  ,! wi% to get rid (
 utility 9 "s way--t is precisely :at   
has  elevat$ man1 t is :at has inspir$  
him to morality & art6 ,well1  ,i mu/ "h
 speak = once to please !               
utilit>ians1--!y are s  seldom 9 ! "r t 
x is pitiful6 ,9 ! old times :i* call$  
poetry into be+1 p _h /ill utility 9    
view ) respect to x1  & a v important   
utility--at ! "t :5 rhy?m 0 introduc$   
into  spee*1 ! =ce :i* arranges all !   
p>ticles ( ! s5t5ce anew1  comm&s !     
*oos+ ( ! words1 recol\rs ! ?\ght1 &    
makes x  m obscure1 m =eign1 & m di/ant3
 to be sure a  sup]/iti\s utility6 ,x 0 
int5d$ t a human entreaty %\ld be  m    
pr(\ndly impress$ ^u ! ,gods by virtue (

 rhy?m1 aft] x  _h be5 obs]v$ t m5 c\ld 
rememb] a v]se bett] ?an an  unmetrical 
spee*4 ,x 0 likewise ?\ght t p c\ld make
  !mselves audible at great] di/ances by
 ! rhy?mical beat2 !  rhy?mical pray]   
seem$ to come ne>] to ! e> ( ! ,gods4   
,above  all1 h[ev]1 p want$ to h !      
advantage ( ! elem5t>y  conque/ :i* man 
exp]i5ces 9 himself :5 he he>s music3   
rhy?m is  a con/ra9t2 x produces an     
unconqu]able desire to yield1 to jo9 92 
n only ! /ep ( ! foot1 b also ! s\l     
itself foll[s !  measure1--probably !   
s\l ( ! ,gods also1 z p ?\ght6 ,!y      
attempt$1 !re=e1 to con/ra9 ! ,gods by  
rhy?m & to ex]cise  a p[] ov] !m2 !y    
?rew poetry ar\nd ! ,gods l a magic     
noose4  ,!re 0 a /ill m wond]ful idea1 &
 x has p]haps op]at$ mo/  p[]fully ( all
 9 ! orig9at+ ( poetry4 ,among !        
,py?agoreans  x made its appe>ance z a  
philosophical doctr9e & z an artifice ( 
tea*+3 b long be=e !re 7 philosoph]s    
music 0 ackn[l$g$  to possess ! p[] (   
unburd5+ ! emotions1 ( purify+ ! s\l1  (

 soo?+ ! f]ocia animi--& ?is 0 ow+ to ! 
rhy?mical  elem5t 9 music4 ,:5 ! prop]  
t5sion & h>mony ( ! s\l 7  lo/ a p]son  
_h to dance to ! measure ( ! s+]1--t 0 !
  recipe ( ?is m$ical art4 ,by means ( x
 ,t]p&] quiet$ a tumult1  ,emp$ocles    
calm$ a maniac1 ,damon purg$ a love-sick
 y\?2 by means (  x ev5 ! madd5$1       
rev5geful ,gods 7 treat$ = ! purpose ( a
  cure4 ,fir/ ( all1 x 0 by driv+ !     
fr5zy & wantonness ( _!  emotions to !  
highe/ pit*1 by mak+ ! furi\s mad1 & !  
rev5geful intoxicat$ ) v5geance3--all ! 
orgia/ic cults seek to  dis*>ge ! f]ocia
 ( a deity all at once & ?us make an    
orgy1 s  t ! deity may feel fre] &      
quiet] aft]w>ds1 & leave man 9  peace4  
,melos1 accord+ to its root1 signifies a
 soo?+ means1 n  because ! song is g5tle
 itself1 b because its aft]-effect makes
  g5tle4--,& n only 9 ! religi\s song1 b
 also 9 ! secul> song  ( ! mo/ anci5t   
times ! pr]equisite is t ! rhy?m %\ld   
ex]cise a magical influ5ce2 = example1 9
 draw+ wat]1 or 9  r[+3 ! song is = !   

en*ant+ ( ! spirits suppos$ to be       
active !reby2 x makes !m oblig+1        
involunt>y1 & ! in/rum5ts  ( man4 ,& z  
(t5 z a p]son acts he has occasion to   
s+1 e  action is dep5d5t on ! assi/ance 
( spirits3 magic song &  incantation    
appe> to be ! orig9al =m ( poetry4 ,:5  
v]se also  came to be us$ 9 oracles--!  
,greeks said t ! hexamet] 0  inv5t$ at  
,delphi1--! rhy?m 0 "h also int5d$ to   
ex]cise a  compulsory influ5ce4 ,to make
 a prophecy--t means orig9ally  7accord+
 to :at seems to me ! probable d]ivation
 ( ! ,greek  ^w7 to det]m9e some?+2 p   
?\ght !y c\ld det]m9e !  future by w9n+ 
,apollo ov] to _! side3 he :o1 accord+  
to !  mo/ anci5t idea1 is f> m ?an a    
=esee+ deity4 ,accord+ z !  =mula is    
pron\nc$ ) lit]al & rhy?mical           
correctness1 x  det]m9es ! future3 !    
=mula1 h[ev]1 is ! inv5tion ( ,apollo1  
:o z ! ,god ( rhy?m1 c also det]m9e !   
goddesses (  fate4--,look$ at &         
inve/igat$ z a :ole1 0 !re ev] any?+  m 
s]viceable to ! anci5t sup]/iti\s       

species ( human be+  ?an rhy?m8 ,p c\ld 
d ev]y?+ ) x3 !y c\ld make lab\r  g on  
magically2 !y c\ld compel a ,god to     
appe>1 to be ne> at h&1  & li/5 to !m2  
!y c\ld arrange ! future = !mselves     
accord+ to _! w2 !y c\ld unburd5 _! own 
s\ls ( any k9d  ( excess 7( anxiety1 (  
mania1 ( sympa?y1 ( rev5ge71 & n only   
_! own s\l1 b ! s\ls ( ! mo/ evil       
spirits1--)\t v]se a  p]son 0 no?+1 by  
means ( v]se a p]son became almo/ a     
,god4 ,su*  a fundam5tal feel+ no long] 
all[s itself to be fully  eradicat$1--& 
ev5 n[1 aft] mill5niums ( long lab\r 9  
combat+  su* sup]/ition1 ! v wise/ ( u  
occasionally becomes ! fool  ( rhy?m1 be
 x only t "o p]ceives a ?\ght to be tru]
 :5  x has a metrical =m & approa*es ) a
 div9e hopp+4 ,is x n a  v funny ?+ t ! 
mo/ s]i\s philosoph]s1 h[ev] anxi\s  !y 
are 9 o!r respects = /rict c]ta9ty1 /ill
 appeal to  poetical say+s 9 ord] to    
give _! ?\ghts =ce &  cr$ibility8--& yet
 x is m dang]\s to a tru? :5 ! poet     
ass5ts to x ?an :5 he contradicts x6 ,=1

 z ,hom] says1 ,!  s+]s speak mu*       
falsehood6--                            
#he4    ,! ,good & !                    
,beautiful4--,arti/s glorify            
cont9ually--!y d  no?+ else1--& inde$ !y
 glorify all ^? conditions & ?+s  t h a 
reputation1 s t man may feel himself    
good or great1 or  intoxicat$1 or m]ry1 
or pleas$ & wise by x4 ,^? select ?+s  &
 conditions ^: value = human happ9ess is
 reg>d$ z secure  & det]m9$1 are !      
objects ( arti/s3 !y are ev] ly+ 9 wait 
to discov] su* ?+s1 to transf] !m into !
 doma9 ( art4 ,i mean  to say t !y are n
 !mselves ! valu]s ( happ9ess & ( !     
happy ones1 b !y always press close to  
^! valu]s ) !  greate/ curiosity &      
long+1 9 ord] imm$iately to use _!      
valuations advantage\sly4 ,z besides _! 
impati5ce1 !y h also  ! big lungs (     
h]alds & ! feet ( runn]s1 !y are        
likewise  always among ! fir/ to glorify
 ! new excell5cy1 & (t5 seem  to be ^?  
:o fir/ ( all call$ x good & valu$ x z  
good4 ,?is1  h[ev]1 z we h said1 is an  

error2 !y are only fa/] & l\d]  ?an !   
actual valu]s3--,& :o !n are ^!8--,!y   
are ! ri* &  ! leisurely4               
#hf4    ,! ,!atre4--,?is day has giv5 me
 once m /rong & elevat$  s5tim5ts1 & if 
,i c\ld h music & art 9 ! ev5+1 ,i "k   
well :at music & art ,i %\ld n l to h2  
namely1 none (  t :i* w\ld fa9          
intoxicate its he>]s & excite !m to a   
crisis ( /rong & high feel+1--^? m5 )   
commonplace s\ls1 :o  9 ! ev5+ are n l  
victors on triumphal c>s1 b l tir$      
mules to :om life has r too (t5 appli$ !
 :ip4 ,:at w\ld  ^? m5 at all "k ( high]
 moods1 unless !re 7 exp$i5ts  = caus+  
ec/asy & ideali/ic /rokes ( ! :ip6--&   
?us !y  h _! inspir]s z !y h _! w9es4 ,b
 :at is _! dr9k  & _! drunk5ness to me6 
,does ! inspir$ "o ne$ w9e8 ,he  r looks
 ) a k9d ( disgu/ at ! ag5cy & ! ag5t   
:i*  are "h int5d$ to produce an effect 
)\t suffici5t reason1--an  imitation ( !
 high tide ( ! s\l6 ,:at8 ,"o gives !   
mole w+s  & pr\d fancies--be=e go+ to   
sleep1 be=e he creeps into 8 hole8  ,"o 

s5ds him into ! !atre & puts great      
magnify+-glasses to 8  bl9d & tir$ eyes8
 ,m51 ^: life is n action b bus9ess1 sit
  9 front ( ! /age & look at /range be+s
 to :om life is m  ?an bus9ess8 ,?is is 
prop]1 y say1 ?is is ent]ta9+1 ?is is   
:at culture wants6--,well !n6 culture is
 too (t5 lack+ 9 me1 =  ?is sight is too
 (t5 disgu/+ to me4 ,he :o has en\gh (  
trag$y  & com$y 9 himself surely pref]s 
to rema9 away f ! !atre2  or1 z !       
exception1 ! :ole proc$ure--!atre &     
public & poet  includ$--becomes = him a 
truly tragic & comic play1 s t !  p]=m$ 
piece c\nts = little 9 comp>ison4 ,he :o
 is some?+  l ,fau/ & ,manfr$1 :at does 
x matt] to him ab\t ! ,fau/s &  ,manfr$s
 ( ! !atre6--:ile x c]ta9ly gives him   
some?+ to ?9k  ab\t t su* figures are   
br\ght into ! !atre at all4 ,!  /ronge/ 
?\ghts & passions be=e ^? :o are n      
capable (  ?\ght & passion--b (         
intoxication only6 ,& ^? z a means  to  
?is end6 ,& !atre & music ! ha%i%-smok+ 
& betel-*ew+  ( ,europeans6 ,oh1 :o w   

n>rate to u ! :ole hi/ory (             
n>cotics6--,x is almo/ ! hi/ory (       
culture1 ! s-call$ high]  culture6      
#hg4    ,! ,conceit ( ,arti/s4--,i ?9k  
arti/s (t5 d n "k :at !y  c d be/1      
because !y are too conceit$1 & h set _! 
m9ds on  some?+ l(ti] ?an ^? little     
plants appe> to be1 :i* c gr[  up to    
p]fection on _! soil1 fre%1 r>e1 &      
beautiful4 ,! f9al  value ( _! own g>d5 
& v9ey>d is sup]cili\sly und]e/imat$  by
 !m1 & _! love & _! insight are n ( !   
same quality4  ,"h is a musician1 :o1 m 
?an any "o else1 has ! g5ius =  discov]+
 ! tones peculi> to suff]+1 oppress$1   
tortur$ s\ls1  & :o c end[ ev5 dumb     
animals ) spee*4 ,no "o equals him 9  ! 
col\rs ( ! late autumn1 9 !             
indescribably t\*+ happ9ess  ( a la/1 a 
f9al1 & all too %ort enjoym5t2 he kn[s a
 *ord =  ^? secret & weird midnights ( !
 s\l :5 cause & effect seem  out ( jo9t1
 & :5 e in/ant some?+ may orig9ate out (
  no?+4 ,he draws 8 res\rces be/ ( all  
out ( ! l[] dep?s (  human happ9ess1 & s

 to speak1 out ( its dra9$ goblet1 :]e !
  bitt]e/ & mo/ nause\s drops h         
ultimately1 = good or = ill1  comm+l$ ) 
! sweete/4 ,he kn[s ! we>y %uffl+ along 
( !  s\l :i* c no long] leap or fly1    
yea1 n ev5 walk2 he has ! %y  glance (  
conceal$ pa91 ( und]/&+ )\t com=t1 (    
leave-tak+ )\t av[al2 yea1 z ! ,orpheus 
( all secret mis]y1  he is great] ?an   
anyone2 & 9 fact mu* has be5 add$ to art
 by him  :i* 0 hi!rto inexpressible & n 
ev5 ?\ght wor?y ( art1 &  :i* 0 only to 
be sc>$ away1 by words1 & n grasp$--_m  
small  & q microscopic features ( ! s\l3
 yes1 he is ! ma/] (  m9iature4 ,b he   
does n wi% to be s6 ,8 "* is m 9  love )
 l>ge walls & d>+ frescoes6 ,he fails to
 see t 8  _s has a diff]5t ta/e &       
incl9ation1 & pref]s to sit  quietly 9 !
 corn]s ( ru9$ h\ses3--conceal$ 9 ?is   
way1  conceal$ ev5 f himself1 he !re    
pa9ts 8 prop] ma/]pieces1  all ( :i* are
 v %ort1 (t5 only "o b> 9 l5g?1--!re    
only  does he become q good1 great1 &   
p]fect1 p]haps !re only4--,b  he does n 

"k x6 ,he is too conceit$ to "k x4      
#hh4    ,e>ne/ness = ! ,tru?4--,e>ne/ = 
! tru?6 ,:at diff]5t  ?+s m5 und]/& by  
^! words6 ,j ! same op9ions1 & modes  ( 
demon/ration & te/+ :i* a ?9k] reg>ds z 
a frivolity 9  himself1 to :i* he has   
succumb$ ) %ame at "o "t or o!r1--j  !  
same op9ions may give to an arti/1 :o   
comes 9 contact ) !m  & accepts !m      
tempor>ily1 ! consci\sness t ! pr(\nde/ 
e>ne/ness = ! tru? has n[ tak5 hold (   
him1 & t x is  wor?y ( admiration t1    
al?\gh an arti/1 he at ! same "t        
exhibits ! mo/ ard5t desire = ! anti!sis
 ( ! app>5t4 ,x  is ?us possible t a    
p]son may1 j by 8 pa?os ( e>ne/ness1    
betray h[ sup]ficially & sp>+ly 8       
intellect has hi!rto  op]at$ 9 ! doma9 (
 k4--,& is n ev]y?+ t we  consid]       
important our betray]8 ,x %[s :]e our   
motives lie1 &  :]e our motives are     
altoge!r lack+4                         
#hi4    ,n[ & ,=m]ly4--,( :at consequ5ce
 is all our art 9 arti/ic  products1 if 
t high] art1 ! art ( ! fe/ival1 be lo/  

by u8  ,=m]ly all arti/ic products 7    
exhibit$ on ! great fe/ive pa?  (       
humanity1 z tok5s ( remembrance1 &      
monum5ts ( high & happy  mom5ts4 ,"o n[ 
seeks to allure ! exhau/$ & sickly f !  
great  suff]+ pa? ( humanity = a wanton 
mom5t by means ( works ( art2  "o       
furni%es !m ) a little ec/asy &         
insanity4                               
#ij4    ,lights & ,%ades4--,books &     
writ+s are diff]5t ) diff]5t  ?9k]s4 ,"o
 writ] has collect$ toge!r 9 8 book all 
! rays (  light :i* he c\ld quickly     
plund] & c>ry home f an illum9at+       
exp]i5ce2 :ile ano!r gives only ! %ad[s1
 & ! grey & black  replicas ( t :i* on !
 previ\s day _h t[]$ up 9 8 s\l4        
#ia4    ,precaution4--,alfi]i1 z is well
 kn[n1 told a great _m falsehoods  :5 he
 n>rat$ ! hi/ory ( 8 life to 8 a/oni%$  
contempor>ies4 ,he told falsehoods ow+  
to ! despotism t[>d himself  :i* he     
exhibit$1 = example1 9 ! way 9 :i* he   
creat$ 8 own  language1 & tyrannis$     
himself into a poet3--he f9ally f\nd a  

rigid  =m ( sublimity into :i* he =c$ 8 
life & 8 memory2 he  mu/ h suff]$ mu* 9 
! process4--,i w\ld also give no cr$it  
to a  hi/ory ( ,plato's life writt5 by  
himself1 z little z to ,r\sseau's1  or  
to ! ,vita nuova ( ,dante4              
#ib4    ,prose & ,poetry4--,let x be    
obs]v$ t ! great ma/]s ( prose  h almo/ 
always be5 poets z well1 :e!r op5ly1 or 
only 9 secret  & = ! closet2 & 9 tru? "o
 only writes good prose 9 view  (       
poetry6 ,= prose is an un9t]rupt$1      
polite w>f>e ) poetry2  all its *>m     
consi/s 9 ! fact t poetry is con/antly  
avoid$1  & contradict$2 e ab/raction    
wants to h a gibe at poetry1 &  wi%es to
 be utt]$ ) a mock+ voice2 all dryness &
 coolness is  meant to br+ ! amiable    
goddess into an amiable despair2 !re are
  (t5 approximations & reconciliations =
 ! mom5t1 & !n a  sudd5 recoil & a bur/ 
( laught]2 ! curta9 is (t5 drawn up &   
dazzl+ light let 9 j :ile ! goddess is  
enjoy+ h] twilights  & dull col\rs2 ! ^w
 is (t5 tak5 out ( h] m\? & *ant$  to a 

melody :ile %e holds h] f9e h&s be=e h] 
delicate little  e>s--& s !re are a ?\s&
 enjoym5ts ( ! w>f>e1 ! defeats         
includ$1 ( :i* ! unpoetic1 ! s-call$    
prose-m5 "k no?+ at  all3--!y           
consequ5tly write & speak only bad      
prose6 ,w>f>e is !  fa!r ( all good ?+s1
 x is also ! fa!r ( good prose6--,!re  h
 be5 f\r v s+ul> & truly poetical m5 9  
?is c5tury :o  h arriv$ at ma/]%ip 9    
prose1 = :i* o!rwise ?is c5tury is  n   
suit$1 ow+ to lack ( poetry1 z we h     
indicat$4 ,n to take  ,goe! into acc\nt1
 = he is reasonably claim$ by ! c5tury t
  produc$ him1 ,i look only on ,giacomo 
,leop>di1 ,prosp] ,mrime1 ,ralph  ,waldo
 ,em]son1 & ,walt] ,savage ,l&or1 !     
au?or ( ,imag9>y  ,conv]sations1 z wor?y
 to be call$ ma/]s ( prose4             
#ic4    ,b :y1 !n1 d y ,write8--,a3 ,i d
 n belong to ^? :o ?9k  ) ! wet p5 9 h&2
 & /ill less to ^? :o yield !mselves    
entirely to _! passions be=e ! op5      
ink-bottle1 sitt+ on _!  *air & />+ at !
 pap]4 ,i am always vex$ & aba%$ by     

writ+2 writ+ is a necessity = me1--ev5  
to speak ( x 9 a simile  is             
disagreeable4 ,b3 ,b :y1 !n1 d y write8 
,a3 ,well1 my de> ,sir1  to tell y 9    
confid5ce1 ,i h hi!rto f\nd no o!r means
 (  gett+ rid ( my ?\ghts4 ,b3 ,& :y d y
 wi% to get rid ( !m8  ,a3 ,:y ,i wi%8  
,d ,i really wi%6 ,i mu/4--,b3 ,en\gh6  
,en\gh6                                 
#id4    ,gr[? aft] ,dea?4--,^? few d>+  
words ab\t moral matt]s :i*  ,font5elle 
?rew into 8 immortal ,dialogues ( !     
,dead1 7  reg>d$ by 8 age z p>adoxes &  
amusem5ts ( a n unscrupul\s  wit2 ev5 ! 
highe/ judges ( ta/e & intellect saw    
no?+ m 9  !m1--inde$1 ,font5elle himself
 p]haps saw no?+ m4 ,!n  some?+         
incr$ible takes place3 ^! ?\ghts become 
tru?s6 ,sci5ce  proves !m6 ,! game      
becomes s]i\s6 ,& we read ^? dialogues )
  a feel+ diff]5t f t ) :i* ,voltaire & 
,helvetius read  !m1 & we involunt>ily  
raise _! orig9ator into ano!r & mu*     
high] class ( intellects ?an !y         
did4--,rightly8 ,wrongly8               

#ie4    ,*am=t4--,t su* a judge ( m5 & (
 ! multitude z ,*am=t  %\ld side ) !    
multitude1 in/ead ( /&+ ap>t 9          
philosophical resignation & def5ce--,i  
am at a loss to expla91 except  z       
foll[s3--,!re 0 an in/9ct 9 him /rong]  
?an 8 wisdom1 &  x _h nev] be5 gratifi$3
 ! hatr$ aga9/ all noblesse ( blood2    
p]haps 8 "m's old & only too explicable 
hatr$1 :i* 0  consecrat$ 9 him by love (
 h]1--an in/9ct ( rev5ge f 8  boyhood1  
:i* wait$ = ! h\r to av5ge 8 "m4 ,b !n !
  c\rse ( 8 life1 8 g5ius1 & alas6 mo/ (
 all1 p]haps1 !  pat]nal blood 9 8 ve9s1
 _h s$uc$ him to rank & consid]  himself
 equal to ! noblesse--= _m1 _m ye>s6 ,9 
! end1  h[ev]1 he c\ld n endure ! sight 
( himself1 ! old man "u  ! old rgime1   
any long]2 he got into a viol5t1        
p5it5tial  passion1 & 9 ?is /ate he put 
on ! raim5t ( ! populace z  8 special   
k9d ( hair-%irt6 ,8 bad consci5ce 0 !   
neglect (  rev5ge4--,if ,*am=t _h !n be5
 a little m ( ! philosoph]1 !           
,revolution w\ld n h _h its tragic wit &

 its %>pe/ /+2 x  w\ld h be5 reg>d$ z a 
mu* m /upid affair1 & w\ld h  _h no su* 
s$uctive influ5ce on m5's m9ds4 ,b      
,*am=t's hatr$  & rev5ge educat$ an     
entire g5]ation2 & ! mo/ illu/ri\s m5   
pass$ ?r\gh 8 s*ool4 ,let u b consid] t 
,mirabeau look$ up  to ,*am=t z to 8    
high] & old] self1 f :om he expect$ 7&  
endur$7 impulses1 w>n+s1 &              
condemnations1--,mirabeau1 :o z a man   
belongs to an entirely diff]5t ord] (   
greatness1 z ! v  =emo/ among !         
/atesman-g5iuses ( ye/]day &            
to-day4--,/range1  t 9 spite ( su* a    
fri5d & advocate--we possess ,mirabeau's
  lett]s to ,*am=t--?is wittie/ ( all   
morali/s has rema9$  unfamili> to !     
,fr5*1 q ! same z ,/5dhal1 :o has p]haps
  _h ! mo/ p5etrat+ eyes & e>s ( any    
,fr5*man ( ?is  c5tury4 ,is x because ! 
latt] _h really too mu* ( ! ,g]man &  ! 
,engli%man 9 8 nature = ! ,p>isians to  
endure him8--:ile  ,*am=t1 a man ) ample
 k ( ! pr(undities & secret  motives ( !
 s\l1 gloomy1 suff]+1 ard5t--a ?9k] :o  

f\nd  laught] necess>y z ! rem$y ( life1
 & :o almo/ gave himself up  z lo/ e day
 t he _h n laugh$1--seems mu* m l an    
,italian1 & relat$ by blood to ,dante & 
,leop>di1 ?an l a  ,fr5*man4 ,"o kn[s   
,*am=t's la/ words3 ,ah6 mon ami1 he    
said to  ,sieys1 je m'en vais enf9 de ce
 monde1 o il faut que le cur se  brise  
ou se bronze--4 ,^! 7 c]ta9ly n ! words 
( a dy+  ,fr5*man4                      
#if4    ,two ,orators4--,( ^! two       
orators ! "o arrives at a full  und]/&+ 
( 8 case only :5 he yields himself to   
emotion2 x is  only ?is t pumps         
suffici5t blood & heat into 8 bra9 to   
compel  8 high intellectuality to reveal
 itself4 ,! o!r attempts1 inde$1  n[ &  
!n to d ! same3 to /ate 8 case          
sonor\sly1 vehem5tly1  & spirit$ly ) !  
aid ( emotion1--b usually ) bad success4
 ,he  !n v soon speaks obscurely &      
confus$ly2 he exagg]ates1 makes         
omissions1 & excites suspicion ( !      
ju/ice ( 8 case3 inde$1 he  himself     
feels ?is suspicion1 & ! sudd5 *anges   

into ! colde/  & mo/ repulsive tones    
7:i* raise a d\bt 9 ! he>] z to 8       
passionat5ess be+ g5u9e7 are !reby      
explicable4 ,) him emotion  always dr[ns
 ! _s2 p]haps because x is /rong] ?an 9 
!  =m]4 ,b he is at ! height ( 8 p[] :5 
he resi/s !  impetu\s /orm ( 8 feel+1 & 
z x 7 scorns x2 x is !n  only t 8 _s    
em]ges fully f its concealm5t1 a _s     
logical1 mock+1 & playful1 b nev]!less  
awe-inspir+4                            
#ig4    ,! ,loquacity ( ,au?ors4--,!re  
is a loquacity ( ang]--frequ5t 9  ,lu!r1
 also 9 ,s*op5hau]4 ,a loquacity :i*    
comes f too great a  /ore ( conceptual  
=mul1 z 9 ,kant4 ,a loquacity :i* comes 
f  delight 9 ev] new modifications ( !  
same idea3 "o f9ds x 9  ,montaigne4 ,a  
loquacity ( malici\s natures3 :oev]     
reads writ+s (  our p]iod w recollect   
two au?ors 9 ?is connection4 ,a         
loquacity  :i* comes f delight 9 f9e    
words & =ms ( spee*3 by no means  r>e 9 
,goe!'s prose4 ,a loquacity :i* comes f 
pure satisfaction  9 noise & confusion (

 feel+s3 = example 9 ,c>lyle4           
#ih4    ,9 ,hon\r ( ,%akespe>e4--,! be/ 
?+ ,i c\ld say 9 hon\r (  ,%akespe>e1 ! 
man1 is t he believ$ 9 ,brutus & ca/ n a
  %ad[ ( suspicion on ! k9d ( virtue :i*
 ,brutus repres5ts6 ,x is  to him t     
,%akespe>e consecrat$ 8 be/ trag$y--x is
 at pres5t  /ill call$ by a wrong       
"n1--to him & to ! mo/ t]rible ess5ce ( 
l(ty morality4 ,indep5d5ce ( s\l6--t is 
! "q at issue6 ,no  sacrifice c be too  
great !re3 "o mu/ be able to sacrifice  
to x  ev5 "o's de>e/ fri5d1 ?\gh he be  
also ! gr&e/ ( m51 !  ornam5t ( ! _w1 ! 
g5ius )\t pe]1--if "o really loves      
fre$om z ! fre$om ( great s\ls1 & if ?is
 fre$om be  ?reat5$ by him3--x is ?us t 
,%akespe>e mu/ h felt6 ,!  elevation 9  
:i* he places ,cs> is ! mo/ exquisite   
hon\r he c\ld  conf] ^u ,brutus2 x is   
?us only t he lifts into va/ness !  inn]
 problem ( 8 h]o1 & simil>ly ! /r5g? (  
s\l :i*  c\ld cut ?is knot6--,& 0 x     
actually political fre$om t  impell$ !  
poet to sympa?y ) ,brutus1--& made him !

 accomplice  ( ,brutus8 ,or 0 political 
fre$om m]ely a symbol = some?+          
inexpressible8 ,d we p]haps /& be=e "s  
sombre ev5t or adv5ture  ( ! poet's own 
s\l1 :i* has rema9$ unkn[n1 & ( :i* he  
only  c>$ to speak symbolically8 ,:at is
 all ,hamlet-melan*oly 9 comp>ison  ) ! 
melan*oly ( ,brutus6--& p]haps          
,%akespe>e also knew ?is1  z he knew !  
o!r1 by exp]i5ce6 ,p]haps he also _h 8  
d>k h\r  & 8 bad angel1 j z ,brutus _h  
!m6--,b :atev] simil>ities  & secret    
relation%ips ( t k9d !re may h be51     
,%akespe>e  ca/ himself on ! gr\nd &    
felt unwor?y & ali5 9 pres5ce (  !      
aspect & virtue ( ,brutus3--he has      
inscrib$ ! te/imony !re(  9 ! trag$y    
itself4 ,he has twice br\ght 9 a poet 9 
x1 & twice  heap$ ^u him su* an impati5t
 & extreme contempt1 t x s\nds  l a     
cry1--l ! cry ( self-contempt4 ,brutus1 
ev5 ,brutus loses  pati5ce :5 ! poet    
appe>s1 self-important1 pa!tic1 &       
obtrusive1  z poets usually are1--p]sons
 :o seem to ab\nd 9 ! possibilities (   

greatness1 ev5 moral greatness1 &       
nev]!less r>ely atta9 ev5 to  ord9>y    
uprightness 9 ! philosophy ( practice & 
( life4 ,he may  "k ! times1 b ,i "k 8  
temp]1--away ) ! jigg+  fool6--%\ts     
,brutus4 ,we may translate ?is back into
 ! s\l ( !  poet t compos$ x4           
#ii4    ,! ,foll[]s ( ,s*op5hau]4--,:at 
"o sees at ! contact (  civiliz$ peoples
 ) b>b>ians1--namely1 t ! l[]           
civilization  regul>ly accepts 9 ! fir/ 
place ! vices1 weaknesses1 & excesses  (
 ! high]2 !n1 f t po9t onw>d1 feels !   
influ5ce ( a  *>m2 & f9ally1 by means ( 
! appropriat$ vices & weaknesses1  also 
all[s some?+ ( ! valuable influ5ce ( !  
high] culture to  leav5 x3--"o c also   
see ?is close at h& & )\t j\rneys to    
b>b>ian peoples1 to be sure1 some:at    
ref9$ & spiritualis$1 &  n s readily    
palpable4 ,:at are ! ,g]man foll[]s (   
,s*op5hau]  /ill accu/om$ to receive    
fir/ ( all f _! ma/]3--^? :o1  :5 plac$ 
beside 8 sup]ior culture1 mu/ deem      
!mselves  suffici5tly b>b>\s to be fir/ 

( all b>b>\sly fasc9at$ &  s$uc$ by him4
 ,is x 8 h>d matt]-(-fact s5se1 8       
incl9ation to  cle>ness & rationality1  
:i* (t5 makes him appe> s ,engli%1 &  s 
unlike ,g]mans8 ,or ! /r5g? ( 8         
intellectual consci5ce1 :i*  endur$ a   
life-long contradiction ( be+ & will+1 &
  compell$ him to contradict himself    
con/antly ev5 9 8 writ+s on  almo/ e    
po9t8 ,or 8 purity 9 matt]s relat+ to ! 
,*ur* &  ! ,*ri/ian ,god8--= "h he 0    
pure z no ,g]man philosoph] _h  be5     
hi!rto1 s t he liv$ & di$ z a           
,voltairian4 ,or 8  immortal doctr9es ( 
! intellectuality ( intuition1 !        
apriority (  ! law ( causality1 !       
in/rum5tal nature ( ! intellect1 & !    
non-fre$om ( ! w8 ,no1 no?+ ( ?is       
en*ants1 nor is felt z  en*ant+2 b      
,s*op5hau]'s my/ical emb>rassm5ts &     
%uffl+s 9  ^? passages :]e !            
matt]-(-fact ?9k] all[$ himself to be   
s$uc$ & corrupt$ by ! va9 impulse to be 
! unravell] ( !  _w's riddle3 8         
undemon/rable doctr9e ( "o w 7all causes

  are m]ely occasional causes ( !       
ph5om5on ( ! w at su* a  "t & at su* a  
place1 ! w to live1 :ole & undivid$1 is 
pres5t 9 e be+1 ev5 9 ! smalle/1 z      
p]fectly z 9 ! sum  ( all t 01 is1 & w  
be72 8 d5ial ( ! individual 7all  lions 
are really only "o lion1 plurality (    
individuals is an  appe>ance1 z also    
developm5t is only an appe>ance3 he     
calls !  op9ion ( ,lam>ck an +5i\s1     
absurd error72 8 fantasy ab\t  g5ius 79 
/hetic contemplation ! individual is no 
long] an  individual1 b a pure1 w-less1 
pa9less1 timeless subject (  k1 !       
subject1 9 t x entirely m]ges 9 !       
contemplat$  object1 has become ?is     
object itself72 8 nons5se ab\t sympa?y1 
& ab\t ! outbur/ ( ! pr9cipium          
individuationis ?us r5d]$  possible1 z !
 s\rce ( all morality2 includ+ also su* 
ass]tions  z1 dy+ is really ! design (  
exi/5ce1 ! possibility %\ld  n be       
absolutely d5i$ t a magical effect c\ld 
proce$ f a  p]son already dead3--^!1 &  
simil> extravagances & vices (  !       

philosoph]1 are always fir/ accept$ &   
made articles ( fai?2  = vices &        
extravagances are always easie/ to      
imitate1 & d n  require a long prelim9>y
 practice4 ,b let u speak ( ! mo/       
celebrat$ ( ! liv+ ,s*op5hau]ians1      
,ri*>d ,wagn]4--,x has  happ5$ to him z 
x has already happ5$ to _m an arti/3 he 
made a  mi/ake 9 ! int]pretation ( !    
*>act]s he creat$1 &  misund]/ood !     
unexpress$ philosophy ( ! art peculi>ly 
8 own4  ,ri*>d ,wagn] all[$ himself to  
be misl$ by ,hegel's influ5ce till  !   
middle ( 8 life2 & he did ! same aga9 :5
 lat] on he read  ,s*op5hau]'s doctr9e  
betwe5 ! l9es ( 8 *>act]s1 & began  to  
express himself ) su* t]ms z w1 g5ius1 &
 sympa?y4  ,nev]!less x w rema9 true t  
no?+ is m c\nt] to  ,s*op5hau]'s _s ?an 
! ess5tially ,wagn]ian elem5t 9 ,wagn]'s
  h]oes3 ,i mean ! innoc5ce ( ! supreme/
 selfi%ness1 ! belief 9  /rong passion z
 ! good 9 itself1 9 a ^w1 ! ,siegfri$   
trait 9  ! c\nt5ances ( 8 h]oes4 ,all t 
/ill smacks m ( ,sp9oza  ?an (          

me1--,s*op5hau] w\ld probably h said4   
,:atev] good  reasons1 !re=e1 ,wagn]    
might h _h to be on ! outlook = o!r     
philosoph]s ?an ,s*op5hau]1 ! en*antm5t 
to :i* he succumb$ 9  respect to ?is    
?9k]1 n only made him bl9d t[>ds all o!r
  philosoph]s1 b ev5 t[>ds sci5ce       
itself2 8 entire art is m  & m incl9$ to
 become ! c\nt]p>t & complem5t ( !      
,s*op5hau]ian philosophy1 & x always    
r5\nces m emphatically  ! high] ambition
 to become ! c\nt]p>t & complem5t (     
human  k & sci5ce4 ,& n only is he      
allur$ !reto by ! :ole  my/ic pomp ( ?is
 philosophy 7:i* w\ld also h allur$ a   
,caglio/ro71 ! peculi> airs & emotions (
 ! philosoph] h all  along be5 s$uc+ him
 z well6 ,= example1 ,wagn]'s           
indignation ab\t  ! corruption ( !      
,g]man language is ,s*op5hau]ian2 & if  
"o  %\ld comm5d 8 imitation 9 ?is       
respect1 x is nev]!less n to  be d5i$ t 
,wagn]'s /yle itself suff]s 9 no small  
degree f all  ! tum\rs & turgidities1 ! 
sight ( :i* made ,s*op5hau] s  furi\s2 &

 t1 9 respect to ! ,g]man-writ+         
,wagn]ians1  ,wagn]omania is beg9n+ to  
be z dang]\s z only "s k9ds (           
,hegelomania h be54 ,s*op5hau]ian is    
,wagn]'s hatr$ ( ! ,jews1  to :om he is 
unable to d ju/ice1 ev5 9 _! greate/    
exploit3 are  n ! ,jews ! inv5tors (    
,*ri/ianity6 ,! attempt ( ,wagn] to     
con/rue ,*ri/ianity z a se$ bl[n away f 
,buddhism1 & 8  endeav\r to initiate a  
,buddhi/ic era 9 ,europe1 "u a tempor>y 
approximation to ,ca?olic-,*ri/ian      
=mulas & s5tim5ts1 are bo?              
,s*op5hau]ian4 ,wagn]'s prea*+ 9 fav\r (
 pity 9 deal+ )  animals is             
,s*op5hau]ian2 ,s*op5hau]'s pr$ecessor  
"h1 z is well  kn[n1 0 ,voltaire1 :o    
already p]haps1 l 8 successors1 knew h[ 
to disguise 8 hatr$ ( c]ta9 m5 & ?+s z  
pity t[>ds  animals4 ,at lea/ ,wagn]'s  
hatr$ ( sci5ce1 :i* manife/s itself 9  8
 prea*+1 has c]ta9ly n be5 inspir$ by ! 
_s (  *>itabl5ess & k9dness--nor by ! _s
 at all1 z is  suffici5tly              
obvi\s4--,f9ally1 x is ( little         

importance :at !  philosophy ( an arti/ 
is1 provid$ x is only a supplem5t>y     
philosophy1 & does n d any injury to 8  
art itself4 ,we _c be  suffici5tly on   
our gu>d aga9/ tak+ a dislike to an     
arti/ on  acc\nt ( an occasional1 p]haps
 v un=tunate & presumptu\s  masqu]ade2  
let u n =get t ! de> arti/s are all ( !m
  some?+ ( actors--& mu/ be s2 x w\ld be
 difficult = !m to  hold out 9 ! long   
run )\t /age-play+4 ,let u be loyal to  
,wagn] 9 t :i* is true & orig9al 9      
him1--& especially 9  ?is po9t1 t we1 8 
disciples1 rema9 loyal to ourselves 9 t 
:i* is true & orig9al 9 u4 ,let u all[  
him 8 intellectual  hum\rs & spasms1 let
 u 9 fairness r consid] :at /range      
nutrim5ts & necess>ies an art l 8 is    
entitl$ to1 9 ord] to  be able to live &
 gr[6 ,x is ( no acc\nt t he is (t5     
wrong z  a ?9k]2 ju/ice & pati5ce are n 
8 affair4 ,x is suffici5t  t 8 life is  
"r 9 8 own eyes1 & ma9ta9s its "r1--!   
life :i* calls to ea* ( u3 ,be a man1 & 
d n foll[ me--b  ?yself6 ?yself6 ,our   

life1 also ought to ma9ta9 its "r 9 our 
own eyes6 ,we also are to gr[ & blossom 
out ( ourselves1 free &  fe>less1 9     
innoc5t selfi%ness6 ,& s1 on !          
contemplation ( su*  a man1 ^! ?\ghts   
/ill r+ 9 my e>s to-day1 z =m]ly3 ,t    
passion is bett] ?an /oicism or         
hypocrisy2 t /raight=w>dness1  ev5 9    
evil1 is bett] ?an los+ oneself 9 try+  
to obs]ve  traditional morality2 t !    
free man is j z able to be good z  evil1
 b t ! unemancipat$ man is a disgrace to
 nature1 & has no  %>e 9 heav5ly or     
e>?ly bliss2 f9ally1 t all :o wi% to be 
free mu/ become s ?r\gh !mselves1 & t   
fre$om falls to  nobody's lot z a gift f
 ,heav54 7,ri*>d ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu?1     
,vol4  ,i4 ( ?is ,translation1 pp4      
#aii-bjj74                              
#ajj4    ,le>n+ to d ,homage4--,"o mu/  
le>n ! art ( homage1 z well z  ! art (  
contempt4 ,:oev] goes 9 new pa?s & has  
l$ _m p]sons  !re91 discov]s ) a/oni%m5t
 h[ awkw>d & incompet5t all (  !m are 9 
! expression ( _! gratitude1 & inde$ h[ 

r>ely  gratitude is able ev5 to express 
itself4 ,x is always z if some?+  comes 
into p's ?roats :5 _! gratitude wants to
 speak1 s t  x only hems & haws1 &      
becomes sil5t aga94 ,! way 9 :i* a  ?9k]
 succe$s 9 trac+ ! effect ( 8 ?\ghts1 & 
_!  trans=m+ & convuls+ p[]1 is almo/ a 
com$y3 x sometimes  seems z if ^? :o h  
be5 op]at$ ^u felt pr(\ndly injur$      
!reby1 & c\ld only ass]t _! indep5d5ce1 
:i* !y suspect to  be ?reat5$1 by all   
k9ds ( improprieties4 ,x ne$s :ole      
g5]ations  9 ord] m]ely to devise a     
c\rte\s conv5tion ( gratefulness2 x is  
only v late t ! p]iod arrives :5 some?+ 
( _s &  g5ius ent]s into gratitude4 ,!n 
!re is usually "s "o :o is !  great     
receiv] ( ?anks1 n only = ! good he     
himself has done1 b  mo/ly = t :i* has  
be5 gradually accumulat$ by 8           
pr$ecessors1 z a treasure ( :at is      
highe/ & be/4                           
#aja4    ,voltaire4--,:]ev] !re has be5 
a c\rt1 x has furni%$ !  /&>d (         
good-speak+1 & ) ?is also ! /&>d ( /yle 

=  writ]s4 ,! c\rt language1 h[ev]1 is !
 language ( ! c\rti]  :o has no         
pr(ession1 & :o ev5 9 conv]sations on   
sci5tific  subjects avoids all conv5i5t1
 te*nical expressions1 because !y  smack
 ( ! pr(ession2 on t acc\nt ! te*nical  
expression1 &  ev]y?+ t betrays !       
speciali/1 is a blemi% ( /yle 9         
c\ntries :i* h a c\rt culture4 ,at      
pres5t1 :5 all c\rts h  become          
c>icatures ( pa/ & pres5t times1 "o is  
a/oni%$ to f9d  ev5 ,voltaire           
unspeakably res]v$ & scrupul\s on ?is   
po9t 7=  example1 9 8 judgm5ts conc]n+  
su* /yli/s z ,font5elle &               
,montesquieu71--we are n[1 all ( u1     
emancipat$ f c\rt ta/e1 :ile  ,voltaire 
0 its p]fect]6                          
#ajb4    ,a ,^w = ,philologi/s4--,x is  
?\ght t !re are books s  valuable &     
royal t :ole g5]ations ( s*ol>s are well
 employ$  :5 ?r\gh _! ef=ts ^! books are
 kept g5u9e &  intelligible1--to confirm
 ?is belief aga9 & aga9 is ! purpose (  
philology4 ,x presupposes t ! r>e m5 are

 n lack+ 7?\gh !y  may n be visible71 :o
 actually "k h[ to use su* valuable     
books3--^? m5 p]haps :o write su* books 
!mselves1 or c\ld write  !m4 ,i mean to 
say t philology presupposes a noble     
belief1--t =  ! b5efit ( "s few :o are  
always to come1 & are n !re1 a  v great 
am\nt ( pa9ful1 & ev5 dirty lab\r has to
 be done  be=eh&3 x is all lab\r 9 usum 
,delph9orum4                            
#ajc4    ,g]man ,music4--,g]man music1 m
 ?an any o!r1 has n[ become  ,european  
music2 because ! *anges :i* ,europe     
exp]i5c$ ?r\gh !  ,revolution h !re9    
alone f\nd expression3 x is only ,g]man 
music  t kn[s h[ to express ! agitation 
( popul> masses1 !  trem5d\s artificial 
upro>1 :i* does n ev5 ne$ to be v       
noisy1--:ile ,italian op]a1 = example1  
kn[s only ! *oruses (  dome/ics or      
soldi]s1 b n ! p4 ,!re is ! additional  
fact t 9 all ,g]man music a pr(\nd      
b\rgeois jeal\sy ( !  noblesse c be     
trac$1 especially a jeal\sy ( esprit &  
lgance1 z ! expressions ( a c\rtly1     

*ivalr\s1 anci5t1 &  self-confid5t      
society4 ,x is n music l t ( ,goe!'s    
musician  at ! gate1 :i* 0 pleas+ also 9
 ! hall1 & to ! k+ z  well2 x is n "h   
said3 ,! knights look$ on ) m>tial air2 
)  ba%ful eyes ! ladies4 ,ev5 ! ,graces 
are n all[$ 9 ,g]man  music )\t a t\* ( 
remorse2 x is only ) ,pleasantness1 !   
c\ntry si/] ( ! ,graces t ! ,g]man beg9s
 to feel morally at  ease--& f ?is po9t 
up to 8 en?usia/ic1 le>n$1 & (t5  gruff 
sublimity 7! ,bee?ov5-l sublimity71 he  
feels m & m  s4 ,if we want to imag9e ! 
man ( ?is music1--well1 let u j  imag9e 
,bee?ov5 z he appe>$ beside ,goe!1 say1 
at _! meet+ at  ,teplitz3 z semi-b>b>ism
 beside culture1 z ! masses beside !    
nobility1 z ! good-natur$ man beside !  
good & m ?an good  man1 z ! vision>y    
beside ! arti/1 z ! man ne$+ com=t      
beside ! com=t$1 z ! man giv5 to        
exagg]ation & di/ru/  beside ! man (    
reason1 z ! crank & self-torm5t]1 z !   
fooli%1 enraptur$1 bless$ly un=tunate1  
s9c]ely immod]ate man1 z  ! pret5ti\s & 

awkw>d man1--& altoge!r z ! untam$ man3 
x  0 ?us t ,goe! conceiv$ & *>act]is$   
him1 ,goe!1 !  exceptional ,g]man1 = :om
 a music ( equal rank has n yet be5     
f\nd6--,f9ally1 let u consid] :e!r !    
pres5t1 cont9ually  ext5d+ contempt (   
melody & ! /unt+ ( ! s5se = melody      
among ,g]mans %\ld n be und]/ood z a    
democratic impropriety &  an aft]-effect
 ( ! ,revolution8 ,= melody has su* an  
obvi\s  delight 9 con=mity to law1 & su*
 an av]sion to ev]y?+  evolv+1 un=m$ &  
arbitr>y1 t x s\nds l a note out ( !    
anci5t ,european regime1 & z a s$uction 
& re-duction back to x4                 
#ajd4    ,! ,tone ( ! ,g]man            
,language4--,we "k :5ce ! ,g]man        
orig9at$  :i* = sev]al c5turies has be5 
! univ]sal1 lit]>y language (  ,g]many4 
,! ,g]mans1 ) _! rev]5ce = ev]y?+ t came
 f  ! c\rt1 int5tionally took ! *anc]y  
/yle z _! patt]n 9  all t !y _h to      
write1 especially 9 _! lett]s1 records1 
wills1 c4 ,to write 9 ! *anc]y /yle1 t 0
 to write 9 c\rt  & gov]nm5t /yle1--t 0 

reg>d$ z some?+ select comp>$  ) !      
language ( ! city 9 :i* a p]son liv$4 ,p
 gradually  drew ?is inf]5ce1 & spoke   
also z !y wrote1--!y ?us became  /ill m 
select 9 ! =ms ( _! words1 9 ! *oice (  
_!  t]ms & modes ( expression1 & f9ally 
also 9 _! tones3 !y  affect$ a c\rt tone
 :5 !y spoke1 & ! affectation at la/    
became natural4 ,p]haps no?+ q simil>   
has ev] happ5$  else:]e3--! pr$om9ance (
 ! lit]>y /yle ov] ! talk1 & !  =mality 
& affectation ( an entire p1 becom+ !   
basis ( a  common & no long] dialectical
 language4 ,i believe t ! s\nd (  !     
,g]man language 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 &    
especially aft] ! ,middle  ,ages1 0     
extremely ru/ic & vulg>2 x has ennobl$  
itself some:at  dur+ ! la/ c5turies1    
pr9cipally because x 0 f\nd necess>y to 
imitate s _m ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani% 
s\nds1 & p>ticul>ly on  ! "p ( ! ,g]man 
7& ,au/rian7 nobility1 :o c\ld n at all 
cont5t !mselves ) _! "m-tongue4 ,b      
not)/&+ ?is  practice1 ,g]man mu/ h     
s\nd$ intol]ably vulg> to ,montaigne1 & 

ev5 to ,rac9e3 ev5 at pres5t1 9 ! m\?s (
 travell]s among !  ,italian populace1 x
 /ill s\nds v co>se1 sylvan1 & ho>se1 z 
if  x _h orig9at$ 9 smoky rooms &       
outl&i% di/ricts4--,n[ ,i notice  t at  
pres5t a simil> /riv+ aft] selectness ( 
tone is spread+  among ! =m] admir]s ( !
 *anc]y /yle1 & t ! ,g]mans  are beg9n+ 
to accommodate !mselves to a peculi>    
wit*]y (  s\nd1 :i* might 9 ! long run  
become an actual dang] to !  ,g]man     
language1--= "o may seek 9 va9 = m      
execrable s\nds 9  ,europe4 ,some?+     
mock+1 cold1 indiff]5t1 & c>eless 9 !   
voice3  t is :at at pres5t s\nds noble  
to ! ,g]mans--& ,i he> !  approval ( ?is
 nobl5ess 9 ! voices ( "y (ficials1     
tea*]s1  wom51 & trades-p2 inde$1 ev5 ! 
little girls already imitate  ?is ,g]man
 ( ! (fic]s4 ,= ! (fic]1 & 9 fact !     
,prussian  (fic] is ! inv5tor ( ^!      
tones3 ?is same (fic]1 :o1 z  soldi] &  
pr(essional man possesses t admirable   
tact = mode/y  :i* ! ,g]mans z a :ole   
might well imitate 7,g]man pr(essors &  

musicians includ$674 ,b z soon z he     
speaks & moves he is ! mo/  immode/ &   
inelegant figure 9 old ,europe--no d\bt 
unconsci\sly to  himself6 ,&            
unconsci\sly also to ! good ,g]mans1 :o 
gaze at him z  ! man ( ! =emo/ & mo/    
select society1 & will+ly let him  give 
!m 8 tone4 ,& inde$ he gives x to !m6--9
 ! fir/ place  x is ! s]geant-majors &  
non-commission$ (fic]s t imitate 8  tone
 & co>s5 x4 ,"o %\ld note ! ro>s (      
comm&1 ) :i*  ! ,g]man cities are       
absolutely surr\nd$ at pres5t1 :5 !re is
  drill+ at all ! gates3 :at            
presumption1 furi\s imp]i\sness1 &      
mock+ coldness speaks 9 ?is upro>6 ,c\ld
 ! ,g]mans actually be a  musical p8--,x
 is c]ta9 t ! ,g]mans m>tialise !mselves
 at  pres5t 9 ! tone ( _! language3 x is
 probable t1 be+  ex]cis$ to speak      
m>tially1 !y w f9ally write m>tially    
also4  ,= habituation to def9ite tones  
ext5ds deeply into !  "*3--p soon h !   
words & modes ( expression1 &  f9ally   
also ! ?\ghts :i* j suit ^! tones6      

,p]haps !y  already write 9 ! (fic]s'   
/yle2 p]haps ,i only read too little (  
:at is at pres5t writt5 9 ,g]many to "k 
?is4 ,b "o ?+ ,i "k  all ! sur]3 !      
,g]man public decl>ations :i* also rea* 
places  abroad1 are n inspir$ by ,g]man 
music1 b j by t new tone (  ta/eless    
arrogance4 ,almo/ 9 e spee* ( ! =emo/   
,g]man  /atesman1 & ev5 :5 he makes     
himself he>d ?r\gh 8 imp]ial  m\?-piece1
 !re is an acc5t :i* ! e> ( a =eign]    
repudiates  ) av]sion3 b ! ,g]mans      
endure x1--!y endure !mselves4          
#aje4    ,! ,g]mans z ,arti/s4--,:5 once
 a ,g]man actually exp]i5ces  passion 7&
 n only1 z is usual1 ! m]e incl9ation to
 x71 he !n  behaves j z he mu/ d 9      
passion1 & does n ?9k fur!r ( 8         
behavi\r4 ,! tru? is1 h[ev]1 t he !n    
behaves v awkw>dly  & uglily1 & z if    
de/itute ( rhy?m & melody2 s t onlook]s 
are pa9$ or mov$ !reby1 b no?+ m--unless
 he elevate  himself to ! sublimity &   
enraptur$ness ( :i* c]ta9 passions  are 
capable4 ,!n ev5 ! ,g]man becomes       

beautiful4 ,! p]ception (  ! height at  
:i* beauty beg9s to %$ its *>m ev5 ov]  
,g]mans1  raises ,g]man arti/s to !     
height1 to ! supreme height1 & to !     
extravagances ( passion3 !y h an actual1
 pr(\nd long+1  !re=e1 to get beyond1 or
 at lea/ to look beyond ! ugl9ess &     
awkw>dness--into a bett]1 easi]1 m      
s\!rn1 m sunny _w4 ,&  ?us _!           
convulsions are (t5 m]ely indications t 
!y w\ld l  to dance3 ^! poor be>s 9 :om 
hidd5 nymphs & satyrs1 &  sometimes /ill
 high] div9ities1 c>ry on _! game6      
#ajf4    ,music z ,advocate4--,i h a    
long+ = a ma/] ( ! musical art1  said an
 innovator to 8 disciple1 t he may le>n 
f me my ideas  & speak !m m widely 9 8  
language3 ,i %all ?us be bett] able  to 
rea* m5's e>s & he>ts4 ,= by means (    
tones "o c s$uce m5  to e error & e     
tru?3 :o c\ld refute a tone8--,y w\ld1  
!re=e1 l to be reg>d$ z irrefutable8    
said 8 disciple4 ,!  innovator answ]$3  
,i %\ld l ! g]m to become a tree4 ,9    
ord]  t a doctr9e may become a tree1 x  

mu/ be believ$ 9 = a  consid]able p]iod2
 9 ord] t x may be believ$ 9 x mu/ be   
reg>d$ z irrefutable4 ,/orms & d\bts &  
worms & wick$ness are  necess>y to !    
tree1 t x may manife/ its species & !   
/r5g?  ( its g]m2 let x p]i% if x is n  
/rong en\gh6 ,b a g]m is  always m]ely  
annihilat$1--n refut$6--,:5 he _h said  
?is1 8  disciple call$ out impetu\sly3  
,b ,i believe 9 y\r cause1 &  reg>d x z 
s /rong t ,i w say ev]y?+ aga9/ x1      
ev]y?+  t ,i /ill h 9 my he>t4--,!      
innovator laugh$ to himself &  ?reat5$ !
 disciple ) 8 f+]4 ,?is k9d (           
disciple%ip1  said he !n1 is ! be/1 b x 
is dang]\s1 & n e k9d (  doctr9e c /& x4
                                        
#ajg4    ,our ,ultimate ,gratitude to   
,art4--,if we _h n approv$ ( ! ,arts &  
inv5t$ ?is sort ( cult ( ! untrue1 !    
insight into ! g5]al  untru? & falsity (
 ?+s n[ giv5 u by sci5ce--an insight    
into  delusion & error z conditions (   
intellig5t & s5ti5t  exi/5ce--w\ld be q 
un5durable4 ,hone/y w\ld h disgu/ &     

suicide 9 its tra94 ,n[1 h[ev]1 our     
hone/y has a c\nt]poise :i*  helps u to 
escape su* consequ5ces2--namely1 ,art1 z
 ! good-w to  illusion4 ,we d n always  
re/ra9 our eyes f r\nd+ (f &  p]fect+ 9 
imag9ation3 & !n x is no long] ! et]nal 
imp]fection t we c>ry ov] ! riv] (      
,becom+--= we ?9k we  c>ry a goddess1 & 
are pr\d & artless 9 r5d]+ ?is s]vice4  
,z an /hetic ph5om5on exi/5ce is /ill   
endurable to u2 & by  ,art1 eye & h& &  
above all ! good consci5ce are giv5 to  
u1 to  be able to make su* a ph5om5on   
out ( ourselves4 ,we mu/ re/ f          
ourselves occasionally by contemplat+ & 
look+ d[n ^u ourselves1  & by laugh+ or 
weep+ ov] ourselves f an arti/ic        
remot5ess3  we mu/ discov] ! h]o1 &     
likewise ! fool1 t is hidd5 9  our      
passion = k2 we mu/ n[ & !n be joyful 9 
our folly1  t we may cont9ue to be      
joyful 9 our wisdom6 ,& j because we are
  heavy & s]i\s m5 9 our ultimate dep?1 
& are r weights ?an  m51 !re is no?+ t  
does u s mu* good z ! fool's cap &      

bells3 we ne$ !m 9 pres5ce (            
ourselves--we ne$ all arrogant1  so>+1  
danc+1 mock+1 *ildi% & bless$ ,art1 9   
ord] n to  lose ! free dom9ion ov] ?+s  
:i* our ideal dem&s ( u4 ,x  w\ld be    
backslid+ = u1 ) our susceptible        
integrity1 to lapse  entirely into      
morality1 & actually become virtu\s     
mon/]s &  sc>ecr[s1 on acc\nt ( !       
ov]-/rict requirem5ts :i* we "h lay  d[n
 = ourselves4 ,we ought also to be able 
to /& above  morality1 & n only /& ) !  
pa9ful /iffness ( "o :o e  mom5t fe>s to
 slip & fall1 b we %\ld also be able to 
so> &  play above x6 ,h[ c\ld we disp5se
 ) ,art = t purpose1 h[  c\ld we disp5se
 ) ! fool8--,& z long z y are /ill a%am$
  ( y\rselves 9 any way1 y /ill d n     
belong to u6    -----    ,footnote #h3  
,s*ill]'s poem1 ,! ,veil$ ,image (      
,sais1 is aga9 ref]r$ to    "h4--,,tr4  
,,book ,,?ird                           
#ajh4    ,new ,/ruggles4--,aft] ,buddha 
0 dead p %[$ 8 %ad[ =  c5turies aft]w>ds
 9 a cave1--an imm5se frightful %ad[4   

,god is  dead3 b z ! human race is      
con/itut$1 !re w p]haps be caves  =     
mill5niums yet1 9 :i* p w %[ 8 %ad[1--,&
 we--we  h /ill to ov]come 8 %ad[6      
#aji4    ,let u be on our ,gu>d4--,let u
 be on our gu>d aga9/ ?9k+ t  ! _w is a 
liv+ be+4 ,:]e c\ld x ext5d itself8 ,:at
 c\ld x  n\ri% itself )8 ,h[ c\ld x gr[ 
& increase8 ,we "k tol]ably  well :at ! 
organic is2 & we are to re9t]pret !     
emphatically  d]ivative1 t>dy1 r>e &    
accid5tal1 :i* we only p]ceive on !     
cru/ ( ! e>?1 into ! ess5tial1 univ]sal 
& et]nal1 z ^?  d :o call ! univ]se an  
organism8 ,t disgu/s me4 ,let u n[ be on
  our gu>d aga9/ believ+ t ! univ]se is 
a ma*9e2 x is  assur$ly n con/ruct$ ) a 
view to "o end2 we inve/ x )  f> too    
high an hon\r ) ! ^w ma*9e4 ,let u be on
 our gu>d  aga9/ suppos+ t any?+ s      
me?odical z ! cyclic motions (  our     
neighb\r+ />s obta9s g5]ally & ?r\gh\t !
 univ]se2  inde$ a glance at ! ,milky   
,way induces d\bt z to :e!r !re are  n  
_m crud] & m contradictory motions !re1 

& ev5 />s  ) cont9u\s1 rectil9e>ly      
gravitat+ orbits1 & ! l4 ,!  a/ral      
arrangem5t 9 :i* we live is an          
exception2 ?is arrangem5t1  & !         
relatively long durability :i* is       
det]m9$ by x1 has aga9  made possible ! 
exception ( exceptions1 ! =mation (     
organic  life4 ,! g5]al "* ( ! _w1 on ! 
o!r h&1 is to all  et]nity *aos2 n by ! 
abs5ce ( necessity1 b 9 ! s5se ( !      
abs5ce ( ord]1 /ructure1 =m1 beauty1    
wisdom1 & :atev] else our  /hetic       
humanities are call$4 ,judg$ by our     
reason1 ! unlucky ca/s  are f> (t5e/ !  
rule1 ! exceptions are n ! secret       
purpose2  & ! :ole musical box repeats  
et]nally its air1 :i* c nev] be  call$ a
 melody1--& f9ally ! v expression1      
unlucky ca/ is  already an              
an?ropomorphis+ :i* involves blame4 ,b  
h[ c\ld we  presume to blame or praise !
 univ]se6 ,let u be on our gu>d aga9/   
ascrib+ to x he>tlessness & unreason1 or
 _! opposites2 x is  nei!r p]fect1 nor  
beautiful1 nor noble2 nor does x seek to

 be  any?+ ( ! k9d1 x does n at all     
attempt to imitate man6 ,x is  altoge!r 
unaffect$ by our /hetic & moral         
judgm5ts6 ,nei!r has  x any             
self-pres]vative in/9ct1 nor in/9ct at  
all2 x also kn[s no  law4 ,let u be on  
our gu>d aga9/ say+ t !re are laws 9    
nature4 ,!re are only necessities3 !re  
is no "o :o comm&s1 no "o  :o obeys1 no 
"o :o transgresses4 ,:5 y "k t !re is no
  design1 y "k also t !re is no *ance3 =
 x is only :]e  !re is a _w ( design t !
 ^w *ance has a mean+4 ,let u  be on our
 gu>d aga9/ say+ t dea? is contr>y to   
life4 ,!  liv+ be+ is only a species (  
dead be+1 & a v r>e  species4--,let u be
 on our gu>d aga9/ ?9k+ t ! _w  et]nally
 creates ! new4 ,!re are no et]nally    
endur+ sub/ances2  matt] is j ano!r su* 
error z ! ,god ( ! ,eleatics4 ,b :5     
%all we be at an end ) our =esight &    
precaution6 ,:5 w all  ^! %ad[s ( ,god  
cease to obscure u8 ,:5 %all we h nature
  entirely undeifi$6 ,:5 %all we be     
p]mitt$ to naturalise ourselves  by     

means ( ! pure1 newly discov]$1 newly   
r$eem$ nature8                          
#aaj4    ,orig9 ( ,k4--,?r\gh\t imm5se  
/ret*es ( "t !  intellect has produc$   
no?+ b errors2 "s ( !m prov$ to be      
useful & pres]vative ( ! species3 he :o 
fell 9 ) !m1 or  inh]it$ !m1 wag$ !     
battle = himself & 8 (fspr+ )  bett]    
success4 ,^? errone\s articles ( fai?   
:i* 7  successively transmitt$ by       
inh]itance1 & h f9ally become almo/  !  
prop]ty & /ock ( ! human species1 are1 =
 example1 !  foll[+3--t !re are endur+  
?+s1 t !re are equal ?+s1  t !re are    
?+s1 sub/ances1 & bodies1 t a ?+ is :at 
x  appe>s1 t our w is free1 t :at is    
good = me is also good  absolutely4 ,x 0
 only v late t ! d5i]s & d\bt]s ( su*   
propositions came =w>d1--x 0 only v late
 t tru? made its  appe>ance z ! mo/     
impot5t =m ( k4 ,x seem$ z if x  7      
impossible to get along ) tru?1 our     
organism 0 adapt$ =  ! v opposite2 all  
its high] functions1 ! p]ceptions ( !   
s5ses1 & 9 g5]al e k9d ( s5sation       

co-op]at$ ) ^?  primevally embodi$1     
fundam5tal errors4 ,moreov]1 ^?         
propositions  became ! v /&>ds ( k      
accord+ to :i* ! true &  ! false 7      
det]m9$--?r\gh\t ! :ole doma9 ( pure    
logic4  ,! /r5g? ( conceptions does n1  
!re=e1 dep5d on _!  degree ( tru?1 b on 
_! antiquity1 _! embodim5t1 _!  "* z    
conditions ( life4 ,:]e life & k seem$  
to  conflict1 !re has nev] be5 s]i\s    
cont5tion2 d5ial & d\bt h  !re be5      
reg>d$ z madness4 ,! exceptional ?9k]s l
 !  ,eleatics1 :o1 9 spite ( ?is1       
advanc$ & ma9ta9$ ! anti!ses  ( !       
natural errors1 believ$ t x 0 possible  
also to live  ^! c\nt]p>ts3 x 0 !y :o   
devis$ ! sage z ! man (  immutability1  
imp]sonality & univ]sality ( intuition1 
z "o &  all at ! same "t1 ) a special   
faculty = t rev]se k9d (  k2 !y 7 ( !   
belief t _! k 0 at ! same  "t ! pr9ciple
 ( life4 ,to be able to affirm all ?is1 
h[ev]1  !y _h to deceive !mselves       
conc]n+ _! own condition3 !y  _h to     
attribute to !mselves imp]sonality &    

un*ang+ p]man5ce1  !y _h to mi/ake !    
nature ( ! philosophic individual1 d5y !
  =ce ( ! impulses 9 cognition1 &       
conceive ( reason g5]ally z  an entirely
 free & self-orig9at+ activity2 !y kept 
_! eyes  %ut to ! fact t !y also _h     
rea*$ _! doctr9es 9  contradiction to   
valid me?ods1 or ?r\gh _! long+ = repose
 or  = exclusive possession or =        
dom9ation4 ,! subtl] developm5t (       
s9c]ity & ( scepticism f9ally made ^! m5
 impossible2 _!  life also & _! judgm5ts
 turn$ out to be dep5d5t on ! primeval  
impulses & fundam5tal errors ( all      
s5ti5t be+4--,! subtl]  s9c]ity &       
scepticism arose :5ev] two anti!tical   
maxims appe>$  to be applicable to life1
 because bo? ( !m 7 compatible )  !     
fundam5tal errors2 :]e1 !re=e1 !re c\ld 
be cont5tion  conc]n+ a high] or l[]    
degree ( utility = life2 & likewise  :]e
 new maxims prov$ to be1 n 9 fact       
useful1 b at lea/ n  injuri\s1 z        
expressions ( an intellectual impulse to
 play a game t  01 l all games1 innoc5t 

& happy4 ,! human bra9 0 gradually      
fill$ ) su* judgm5ts & convictions2 & 9 
?is tangl$ ske9  !re arose f]m5t1 /rife 
& lu/ = p[]4 ,n only utility &  delight1
 b e k9d ( impulse took "p 9 ! /ruggle =
  tru?s3 ! intellectual /ruggle became a
 bus9ess1 an attraction1 a  call+1 a    
duty1 an hon\r--3 cogniz+ & /riv+ = !   
true f9ally  arrang$ !mselves z ne$s    
among o!r ne$s4 ,f t mom5t1 n  only     
belief & conviction1 b also exam9ation1 
d5ial1 di/ru/ &  contradiction became   
=ces2 all evil in/9cts 7 subord9at$ to  
k1 7 plac$ 9 its s]vice1 & acquir$ !    
pre/ige ( !  p]mitt$1 ! hon\r$1 !       
useful1 & f9ally ! appe>ance &  innoc5ce
 ( ! good4 ,k1 ?us became a portion (   
life  itself1 & z life x became a       
cont9ually gr[+ p[]3 until f9ally  !    
cognitions & ^? primeval1 fundam5tal1   
errors cla%$ ) ea*  o!r1 bo? z life1 bo?
 z p[]1 bo? 9 ! same man4 ,! ?9k] is  n[
 ! be+ 9 :om ! impulse to tru? & ^?     
life-pres]v+  errors wage _! fir/       
conflict1 n[ t ! impulse to tru? has    

also  prov$ itself to be a life-pres]v+ 
p[]4 ,9 comp>ison ) !  importance ( ?is 
conflict ev]y?+ else is indiff]5t2 !    
f9al  "q conc]n+ ! conditions ( life is 
"h rais$1 & ! fir/  attempt is "h made  
to answ] x by exp]im5t4 ,h[ f> is tru?  
susceptible ( embodim5t8--t is ! "q1 t  
is ! exp]im5t4                          
#aaa4    ,orig9 ( ! ,logical4--,:]e has 
logic orig9at$ 9 m5's heads8  ,und\bt$ly
 out ( ! illogical1 ! doma9 ( :i* mu/   
orig9ally  h be5 imm5se4 ,b numb]less   
be+s :o reason$ o!rwise ?an we  d at    
pres5t1 p]i%$2 albeit t !y may h come   
ne>] to tru?  ?an we6 ,:oev]1 = example1
 c\ld n disc]n ! l (t5 en\gh  ) reg>d to
 food1 & ) reg>d to animals dang]\s to  
him1  :oev]1 !re=e1 d$uc$ too sl[ly1 or 
0 too circumspect 9 8  d$uctions1 _h    
small] probability ( survival ?an he :o 
9 all  simil> ?+s imm$iately div9$ !    
equality4 ,! prepond]at+  incl9ation1   
h[ev]1 to deal ) ! simil> z ! equal--an 
illogical  incl9ation1 = !re is no?+    
equal 9 itself--fir/ creat$ !  :ole     

basis ( logic4 ,x 0 j s 79 ord] t !     
conception (  sub/ance might orig9ate1  
?is be+ indisp5sable to logic1 al?\gh  9
 ! /ricte/ s5se no?+ actual corresponds 
to x7 t = a long  p]iod ! *ang+ process 
9 ?+s _h to be ov]look$1 & rema9        
unp]ceiv$2 ! be+s n see+ correctly _h an
 advantage ov] ^?  :o saw ev]y?+ 9 flux4
 ,9 itself e high degree (              
circumspection 9 conclusions1 e         
sceptical incl9ation1 is a great  dang] 
to life4 ,no liv+ be+ w\ld h be5 pres]v$
 unless !  contr>y incl9ation--to affirm
 r ?an susp5d judgm5t1 to mi/ake  &     
fabricate r ?an wait1 to ass5t r ?an    
d5y1 to decide  r ?an be 9 ! "r--_h be5 
cultivat$ ) extraord9>y  assiduity4--,! 
c\rse ( logical ?\ght & reason+ 9 our   
mod]n  bra9 corresponds to a process &  
/ruggle ( impulses1 :i* s+ly  & 9       
!mselves are all v illogical & unju/2 we
 exp]i5ce  usually only ! result ( !    
/ruggle1 s rapidly & secretly does  ?is 
primitive me*anism n[ op]ate 9 u4       
#aab4    ,cause & ,effect4--,we say x is

 explanation2 b x is only 9  description
 t we are 9 advance ( ! old] /ages ( k  
& sci5ce4 ,we describe bett]1--we expla9
 j z little z our  pr$ecessors4 ,we h   
discov]$ a manifold succession :]e !    
nave  man & inve/igator ( old] cultures 
saw only two ?+s1 cause &  effect1 z x 0
 said2 we h p]fect$ ! conception (      
becom+1  b h n got a k ( :at is above & 
beh9d ! conception4  ,! s]ies ( causes  
/&s be=e u mu* m complete 9 e  case2 we 
conclude t ?is & t mu/ fir/ prec$e 9    
ord] t  t o!r may foll[--b we h n grasp$
 any?+ !reby4 ,!  peculi>ity1 = example1
 9 e *emical process seems a miracle1  !
 same z be=e1 j l all locomotion2 nobody
 has expla9$  impulse4 ,h[ c\ld we ev]  
expla96 ,we op]ate only ) ?+s :i* d  n  
exi/1 ) l9es1 surfaces1 bodies1 atoms1  
divisible times1  divisible spaces--h[ c
 explanation ev] be possible :5 we fir/ 
make  ev]y?+ a conception1 our          
conception6 ,x is suffici5t to reg>d    
sci5ce z ! exacte/ humanis+ ( ?+s t is  
possible2 we always  le>n to describe   

ourselves m accurately by describ+ ?+s &
  _! successions4 ,cause & effect3 !re  
is probably nev] any su*  duality2 9    
fact !re is a cont9uum be=e u1 f :i* we 
isolate  a few portions2--j z we always 
obs]ve a motion z isolat$ po9ts1  &     
!re=e d n prop]ly see x1 b inf] x4 ,!   
abruptness )  :i* _m effects take place 
leads u into error2 x is h[ev] only an  
abruptness = u4 ,!re is an inf9ite      
multitude ( processes 9 t  abrupt mom5t 
:i* escape u4 ,an intellect :i* c\ld see
 cause &  effect z a cont9uum1 :i* c\ld 
see ! flux ( ev5ts n  accord+ to our    
mode ( p]ception1 z ?+s arbitr>ily      
sep>at$ &  brok5--w\ld ?r[ aside !      
conception ( cause & effect1 & w\ld  d5y
 all conditionality4                    
#aac4    ,! ,!ory ( ,poisons4--,s _m ?+s
 h to be unit$ 9 ord] t  sci5tific ?9k+ 
may arise1 & all ! necess>y p[]s mu/ h  
be5 devis$1 ex]cis$1 & fo/]$ s+ly6 ,9 _!
 isolation1  h[ev]1 !y h v (t5 _h q a   
diff]5t effect ?an at  pres5t1 :5 !y are
 conf9$ )9 ! limits ( sci5tific ?9k+  & 

kept mutually 9 *eck3--!y h op]at$ z    
poisons2 = example1  ! d\bt+ impulse1 ! 
d5y+ impulse1 ! wait+ impulse1 !        
collect+ impulse1 ! dis9tegrat+ impulse4
 ,_m hecatombs ( m5  7 sacrific$ ere ^! 
impulses le>n$ to und]/& _!             
juxtaposition & reg>d !mselves z        
functions ( "o organis+ =ce  9 "o man6  
,& h[ f> are we /ill f ! po9t at :i* !  
arti/ic p[]s & ! practical wisdom ( life
 %all co-op]ate )  sci5tific ?9k+1 s t a
 high] organic sy/em may be =m$1 9      
relation to :i* ! s*ol>1 ! physician1 ! 
arti/1 & !  lawgiv]1 z we "k !m at      
pres5t1 w seem sorry antiquities6       
#aad4    ,! ,ext5t ( ! ,moral4--,we     
con/ruct a new picture1 :i* we see      
imm$iately ) ! aid ( all ! old exp]i5ces
 :i* we h _h1  always accord+ to !      
degree ( our hone/y & ju/ice4 ,! only   
ev5ts are moral ev5ts1 ev5 9 ! doma9 (  
s5se-p]ception4                         
#aae4    ,! ,f\r ,errors4--,man has be5 
re>$ by 8 errors3 fir/ly1 he saw        
himself always imp]fect2 secondly1 he   

attribut$ to himself imag9>y  qualities2
 ?irdly1 he felt himself 9 a false      
position 9 relation to  ! animals &     
nature2 f\r?ly1 he always devis$ new    
tables (  values1 & accept$ !m = a "t z 
et]nal & uncondition$1 s  t at "o "t    
?is1 & at ano!r "t t human impulse or   
/ate  /ood fir/1 & 0 ennobl$ 9          
consequ5ce4 ,:5 "o has d$uct$ !  effect 
( ^! f\r errors1 "o has also d$uct$     
humanity1 human5ess1  & human dignity4  
#aaf4    ,h]d-,in/9ct4--,:]ev] we meet )
 a morality we f9d a valuation  & ord] (
 rank ( ! human impulses & activities4  
,^! valuations  & ord]s ( rank are      
always ! expression ( ! ne$s ( a        
community  or h]d3 t :i* is 9 ! fir/    
place to its advantage--& 9 !  second   
place & ?ird place--is also !           
au?oritative /&>d = !  wor? ( e         
individual4 ,by morality ! individual is
 taught to  become a function ( ! h]d1 &
 to ascribe to himself value only z a   
function4 ,z ! conditions = ! ma9t5ance 
( "o community h  be5 v diff]5t f ^? (  

ano!r community1 !re h be5  v diff]5t   
moralities2 & 9 respect to ! future     
ess5tial  trans=mations ( h]ds &        
communities1 /ates & societies1 "o c    
prophesy t !re w /ill be v div]g5t      
moralities4 ,morality is  ! h]d-in/9ct 9
 ! individual4                          
#aag4    ,! ,h]d's ,/+ ( ,consci5ce4--,9
 ! longe/ & remote/ ages (  ! human race
 !re 0 q a diff]5t /+ ( consci5ce f t  (
 ! pres5t day4 ,at pres5t "o only feels 
responsible = :at "o  int5ds & = :at "o 
does1 & we h our pride 9 ourselves4 ,all
  our pr(essors ( jurisprud5ce />t ) ?is
 s5tim5t ( individual  indep5d5ce &     
pleasure1 z if ! s\rce ( "r _h tak5 its 
rise  "h f ! beg9n+4 ,b ?r\gh\t ! longe/
 p]iod 9 ! life  ( mank9d !re 0 no?+ m  
t]rible to a p]son ?an to feel  himself 
indep5d5t4 ,to be alone1 to feel        
indep5d5t1 nei!r to obey  nor to rule1  
to repres5t an individual--t 0 no       
pleasure to a p]son  !n1 b a puni%m5t2  
he 0 condemn$ to be an individual4      
,fre$om  ( ?\ght 0 reg>d$ z discom=t    

p]sonifi$4 ,:ile we feel law &          
regulation z con/ra9t & loss1 p =m]ly   
reg>d$ egoism z a  pa9ful ?+1 & a       
v]itable evil4 ,= a p]son to be himself1
 to  value himself accord+ to 8 own     
measure & weight--t 0 !n  q di/a/eful4  
,! incl9ation to su* a ?+ w\ld h be5    
reg>d$ z madness2 = all mis]ies & t]rors
 7 associat$ )  be+ alone4 ,at t "t !   
free w _h bad consci5ce 9 close         
proximity to x2 & ! less indep5d5tly a  
p]son act$1 ! m !  h]d-in/9ct1 & n 8    
p]sonal "*1 express$ itself 9 8         
conduct1 s mu* ! m moral did he e/eem   
himself4 ,all t did  injury to ! h]d1   
:e!r ! individual _h int5d$ x or n1 !n  
caus$ him a /+ ( consci5ce--& 8 neighb\r
 likewise1 inde$ !  :ole h]d6--,x is 9  
?is respect t we h mo/ *ang$ our mode ( 
?9k+4                                   
#aah4    ,b5evol5ce4--,is x virtu\s :5 a
 cell trans=ms itself into !  function (
 a /rong] cell8 ,x mu/ d s4 ,& is x     
wick$ :5 !  /rong] "o assimilates ! o!r8
 ,x mu/ d s likewise3 x is  necess>y1 = 

x has to h abundant indemnity & seeks to
 reg5]ate  itself4 ,"o has !re=e to     
di/+ui% ! in/9ct ( appropriation1  & !  
in/9ct ( submission1 9 b5evol5ce1       
accord+ z !  /rong] or ! weak] feels    
b5evol5t4 ,gladness & covet\sness are   
unit$ 9 ! /rong] p]son1 :o wants to     
trans=m some?+ to 8  function3 gladness 
& desire-to-be-covet$ 9 ! weak] p]son1  
:o  w\ld l to become a function4--,! =m]
 case is ess5tially pity1 a  pleasant   
excitation ( ! in/9ct ( appropriation at
 ! sight ( !  weak]3 x is to be         
rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t /rong & weak are     
relative conceptions4                   
#aai4    ,no ,altruism6--,i see 9 _m m5 
an excessive impulse & delight 9  want+ 
to be a function2 !y /rive aft] x1 & h !
 ke5e/  sc5t = all ^? positions 9 :i*   
precisely !y !mselves c  be functions4  
,among su* p]sons are ^? wom5 :o trans=m
  !mselves into j t function ( a man t  
is b weakly develop$  9 him1 & !n become
 8 purse1 or 8 politics1 or 8 social    
int]c\rse4 ,su* be+s ma9ta9 !mselves be/

 :5 !y ins]t  !mselves 9 an ali5        
organism2 if !y d n succe$ !y become    
vex$1 irritat$1 & eat !mselves up4      
#abj4    ,heal? ( ! ,s\l4--,! fav\rite  
m$ico-moral =mula 7^:  orig9ator 0      
,ari/on ( ,*ios71 ,virtue is ! heal? ( !
 s\l1  w\ld1 at lea/ 9 ord] to be us$1 h
 to be alt]$ to ?is3 ,?y  virtue is !   
heal? ( ?y s\l4 ,= !re is no su* ?+ z   
heal?  9 itself1 & all attempts to def9e
 a ?+ 9 t way h  lam5tably fail$4 ,x is 
necess>y to "k ?y aim1 ?y horizon1 ?y   
p[]s1 ?y impulses1 ?y errors1 &         
especially ! ideals &  fantasies ( ?y   
s\l1 9 ord] to det]m9e :at heal? implies
 ev5  = ?y body4 ,!re are consequ5tly   
innum]able k9ds ( physical  heal?2 & ! m
 "o aga9 p]mits ! unique & unp>allel$ to
  raise its head1 ! m "o unle>ns ! dogma
 ( ! ,equality (  m51 s mu* ! m also mu/
 ! conception ( a normal heal?1  toge!r 
) a normal diet & a normal c\rse (      
disease1 be abrogat$  by our physicians4
 ,& !n only w\ld x be "t to turn our    
?\ghts  to ! heal? & disease ( ! s\l &  

make ! special virtue (  ev]yone consi/ 
9 its heal?2 b1 to be sure1 :at appe>$ z
 heal?  9 "o p]son might appe> z !      
contr>y ( heal? 9 ano!r4 ,9 !  end !    
great "q might /ill rema9 op53 :e!r we  
c\ld d  )\t sickness1 ev5 = ! developm5t
 ( our virtue1 & :e!r  our ?ir/ = k &   
self-k w\ld n especially ne$  ! sickly  
s\l z well z ! s\nd "o2 9 %ort1 :e!r !  
m]e  w to heal? is n a prejudice1 a     
c[>dice1 & p]haps an in/ance  ( !       
subtle/ b>b>ism & unprogressiv5ess4     
#aba4    ,life no ,argum5t4--,we h      
arrang$ = ourselves a _w 9 :i* we  c    
live--by ! po/ulat+ ( bodies1 l9es1     
surfaces1 causes &  effects1 motion &   
re/1 =m & cont5t3 )\t ^! articles (     
fai? no "o c\ld manage to live at       
pres5t6 ,b = all t !y are  /ill unprov$4
 ,life is no argum5t2 error might be    
among ! conditions  ( life4             
#abb4    ,! ,elem5t ( ,moral ,scepticism
 9 ,*ri/ianity4--,*ri/ianity also has   
made a great contribution to            
enlight5m5t1 & has taught moral         

scepticism 9 a v impressive & effective 
mann]--accus+ &  embitt]+1 b ) untir+   
pati5ce & subtlety2 x annihilat$ 9  e   
individual ! belief 9 8 virtues3 x made 
! great virtu\s  ones1 ( :om antiquity  
_h no lack1 vani% = ev] f ! e>?1  ^?    
popul> m51 :o1 9 ! belief 9 _!          
p]fection1 walk$ ab\t  ) ! dignity ( a  
h]o ( ! bull-fight4 ,:51 tra9$ 9 ?is    
,*ri/ian s*ool ( scepticism1 we n[ read 
! moral books ( !  anci5ts1 = example ^?
 ( ,s5eca & ,epictetus1 we feel a       
pleasurable sup]iority1 & are full (    
secret insight &  p5etration1--x seems  
to u z if a *ild talk$ be=e an old man1 
or a  pretty1 gu%+ girl be=e ,la        
,ro*ef\cauld3--we "k bett] :at virtue   
is6 ,aft] all1 h[ev]1 we h appli$ ! same
 scepticism to all  religi\s /ates &    
processes1 su* z s91 rep5tance1 grace1  
sanctification1 c41 & h all[$ ! worm to 
burr[ s well1 t  we h n[ ! same feel+ ( 
subtle sup]iority & insight ev5 9  read+
 all ,*ri/ian books3--we "k also !      
religi\s feel+s bett]6  ,& x is "t to "k

 !m well & describe !m well1 = ! pi\s   
ones ( ! old belief die out also2 let u 
save _! lik5ess &  type1 at lea/ = !    
sake ( k4                               
#abc4    ,k m ?an a ,means4--,also )\t  
?is passion--,i ref] to  ! passion =    
k--sci5ce w\ld be fur!r$3 sci5ce has    
hi!rto increas$ & gr[n up )\t x4 ,! good
 fai? 9 sci5ce1  ! prejudice 9 its      
fav\r1 by :i* ,/ates are at pres5t      
dom9at$  7x 0 ev5 ! ,*ur* =m]ly71 re/s  
fundam5tally on ! fact t  ! absolute    
incl9ation & impulse has s r>ely reveal$
 itself 9  x1 & t sci5ce is reg>d$ n z a
 passion1 b z a condition  & an e?os4   
,inde$1 am\r-plaisir ( k 7curiosity7 (t5
  en\gh suffices1 am\r-vanit suffices1 &
 habituation to x1 )  ! aft]?\ght (     
obta9+ hon\r & bread2 x ev5 suffices =  
_m t !y d n "k :at to d ) a surplus (   
leisure1 except  to cont9ue read+1      
collect+1 arrang+1 obs]v+ & n>rat+2  _! 
sci5tific impulse is _! ennui4 ,pope    
,leo ,x4 once 79 !  brief to ,b]oaldus7 
sang ! praise ( sci5ce2 he designat$ x z

 !  f9e/ ornam5t & ! greate/ pride ( our
 life1 a noble employm5t  9 happ9ess & 9
 mis=tune2 )\t x1 he says f9ally1 all   
human und]tak+s w\ld be )\t a firm      
basis1--ev5 ) x !y are  /ill suffici5tly
 mutable & insecure6 ,b ?is r sceptical 
,pope1 l all o!r ecclesia/ical          
panegyri/s ( sci5ce1 suppress$  8       
ultimate judgm5t conc]n+ x4 ,if "o may  
d$uce f 8 words  :at is rem>kable en\gh 
= su* a lov] ( art1 t he places  sci5ce 
above art1 x is aft] all1 h[ev]1 only f 
polit5ess t  he omits to speak ( t :i*  
he places high above all sci5ce3 !      
reveal$ tru?1 & ! et]nal salvation ( !  
s\l1--:at are  ornam5t1 pride1          
ent]ta9m5t & security ( life to him1 9  
comp>ison !reto8 ,sci5ce is some?+ (    
second>y rank1 no?+  ultimate or        
uncondition$1 no object ( passion--?is  
judgm5t 0 kept  back 9 ,leo's s\l3 !    
truly ,*ri/ian judgm5t conc]n+ sci5ce6  
,9  antiquity its dignity & appreciation
 7 less5$ by ! fact t1  ev5 among its   
mo/ eag] disciples1 ! /riv+ aft] virtue 

/ood  =emo/1 & t p ?\ght !y _h giv5 !   
highe/ praise to  k :5 !y celebrat$ x z 
! be/ means to virtue4 ,x is  some?+ new
 9 hi/ory t k claims to be m ?an a      
means4                                  
#abd4    ,9 ! ,horizon ( !              
,inf9ite4--,we h left ! l& & h gone     
abo>d %ip6 ,we h brok5 d[n ! bridge     
beh9d u1--nay1 m1 !  l& beh9d u6 ,well1 
little %ip6 look out6 ,beside !e is !   
ocean2  x is true x does n always ro>1 &
 sometimes x spreads out l  silk & gold 
& a g5tle rev]ie4 ,b times w come :5 ?\ 
wilt  feel t x is inf9ite1 & t !re is   
no?+ m frightful ?an  inf9ity4 ,oh1 !   
poor bird t felt itself free1 & n[      
/rikes  aga9/ ! walls ( ?is cage6 ,alas1
 if homesickness = ! l&  %\ld attack !e1
 z if !re _h be5 m fre$om !re1--& !re   
is no l& any long]6                     
#abe4    ,! ,madman4--,h y ev] he>d ( ! 
madman :o on a bright morn+  light$ a   
lant]n & ran to ! m>ket-place call+ out 
unceas+ly3  ,i seek ,god6 ,i seek       
,god6--,z !re 7 _m p /&+ ab\t :o  did n 

believe 9 ,god1 he caus$ a great deal ( 
amusem5t4 ,:y6 is he  lo/8 said "o4 ,has
 he /ray$ away l a *ild8 said ano!r4 ,or
 does  he keep himself hidd58 ,is he    
afraid ( u8 ,has he tak5 a sea-voyage8  
,has he emigrat$8--! p cri$ out         
laugh+ly1 all 9 a hubbub4 ,!  insane man
 jump$ into _! mid/ & transfix$ !m ) 8  
glances4  ,:]e is ,god gone8 he call$   
out4 ,i mean to tell y6 ,we h kill$     
him1--y & ,i6 ,we are all 8 murd]]s6 ,b 
h[ h we done x8 ,h[  7 we able to dr9k  
up ! sea8 ,:o gave u ! sponge to wipe   
away  ! :ole horizon8 ,:at did we d :5  
we loos5$ ?is e>? f its  sun8 ,:i!r does
 x n[ move8 ,:i!r d we move8 ,away f all
 suns8  ,d we n da% on unceas+ly8       
,backw>ds1 sideways1 =w>ds1 9 all       
directions8 ,is !re /ill an above &     
bel[8 ,d we n /ray1 z  ?r\gh inf9ite    
no?+ness8 ,does n empty space brea! ^u  
u8 ,has  x n become cold]8 ,does n night
 come on cont9ually1 d>k] &  d>k]8 ,%all
 we n h to light lant]ns 9 ! morn+8 ,d  
we n  he> ! noise ( ! grave-digg]s :o   

are bury+ ,god8 ,d we n smell  ! div9e  
putrefaction8--= ev5 ,gods putrefy6 ,god
 is dead6 ,god rema9s  dead6 ,& we h    
kill$ him6 ,h[ %all we console          
ourselves1 ! mo/  murd]\s ( all murd]]s8
 ,! holie/ & ! mightie/ t ! _w  has     
hi!rto possess$1 has bl$ to dea? "u our 
knife1--:o w wipe  ! blood f u8 ,) :at  
wat] c\ld we cleanse ourselves8 ,:at    
lu/rums1 :at sacr$ games %all we h to   
devise8 ,is n !  magnitude ( ?is de$ too
 great = u8 ,%all we n ourselves h to   
become ,gods1 m]ely to seem wor?y ( x8  
,!re nev] 0 a great]  ev5t1--& on acc\nt
 ( x1 all :o are born aft] u belong to a
  high] hi/ory ?an any hi/ory           
hi!rto6--,"h ! madman 0 sil5t  & look$  
aga9 at 8 he>]s2 !y also 7 sil5t & look$
 at him  9 surprise4 ,at la/ he ?rew 8  
lant]n on ! gr\nd1 s t x  broke 9 pieces
 & 0 ext+ui%$4 ,i come too e>ly1 he !n  
said1  ,i am n yet at ! "r "t4 ,?is     
prodigi\s ev5t is /ill on its  way1 & is
 travell+1--x has n yet rea*$ m5's e>s4 
,lightn+ &  ?und] ne$ "t1 ! light ( !   

/>s ne$s "t1 de$s ne$ "t1  ev5 aft] !y  
are done1 to be se5 & he>d4 ,?is de$ is 
z yet  fur!r f !m ?an ! fur!/ />1--& yet
 !y h done  x6--,x is fur!r /at$ t !    
madman made 8 way into diff]5t  *ur*es  
on ! same day1 & !re inton$ 8 ,requiem  
aet]nam deo4  ,:5 l$ out & call$ to     
acc\nt1 he always gave ! reply3 ,:at are
  ^! *ur*es n[1 if !y are n ! tombs &   
monum5ts ( ,god8--                      
#abf4    ,my/ical                       
,explanations4--,my/ical explanations   
are reg>d$ z pr(\nd2  ! tru? is t !y d n
 ev5 g ! l5g? ( be+ sup]ficial4         
#abg4    ,aft]-,effect ( ! mo/ ,anci5t  
,religi\sness4--,! ?\ghtless man  ?9ks t
 ! ,w is ! only ?+ t op]ates1 t will+ is
  some?+ simple1 manife/ly giv51        
und]iv$1 & compreh5sible 9  itself4 ,he 
is conv9c$ t :5 he does any?+1 =        
example1 :5 he  deliv]s a bl[1 x is he  
:o /rikes1 & he has /ruck because he    
will$ to /rike4 ,he does n notice any?+ 
( a problem !re91  b ! feel+ ( will+    
suffices to him1 n only = !  acceptance 

( cause & effect1 b also = ! belief t he
  und]/&s _! relation%ip4 ,( ! me*anism 
( ! occurr5ce &  ( ! manifold subtle    
op]ations t mu/ be p]=m$ 9 ord] t  ! bl[
 may result1 & likewise ( ! incapacity (
 ! ,w 9  itself to effect ev5 ! smalle/ 
"p ( ^? op]ations--he kn[s  no?+4 ,! ,w 
is to him a magically op]at+ =ce2 !     
belief 9  ! ,w z ! cause ( effects is ! 
belief 9 magically op]at+  =ces4 ,9     
fact1 :5ev] he saw any?+ happ51 man     
orig9ally  believ$ 9 a ,w z cause1 & 9  
p]sonally will+ be+s  op]at+ 9 !        
backgr\nd1--! conception ( me*anism 0 v 
remote  f him4 ,because1 h[ev]1 man =   
imm5se p]iods ( "t believ$  only 9      
p]sons 7& n 9 matt]1 =ces1 ?+s1 c471 !  
belief 9  cause & effect has become a   
fundam5tal belief ) him1 :i* he  applies
 ev]y:]e :5 any?+ happ5s1--& ev5 /ill   
uses  in/9ctively z a piece ( atavism ( 
remote/ orig94 ,!  propositions1 ,no    
effect )\t a cause1 & ,e effect aga9    
implies a cause1 appe> z g5]alisations (
 sev]al less g5]al  propositions3--,:]e 

!re is op]ation !re has be5 will+1      
,op]at+ is only possible on will+ be+s4 
,!re is nev] a  pure1 resultless        
exp]i5ce ( activity1 b e exp]i5ce       
involves  /imulation ( ! ,w 7to         
activity1 def5ce1 rev5ge or             
retaliation74  ,b 9 ! primitive p]iod ( 
! human race1 ! latt] & ! =m]           
propositions 7 id5tical1 ! fir/ 7 n     
g5]alisations ( !  second1 b ! second 7 
explanations ( ! fir/4--,s*op5hau]1  ) 8
 assumption t all t exi/s is some?+     
volitional1 has  set a primitive        
my?ology on ! ?rone2 he seems nev] to h 
attempt$ an analysis ( ! ,w1 because he 
believ$ l ev]ybody  9 ! simplicity &    
imm$iat5ess ( all volition3--:ile       
volition is  9 fact su* a clev]ly       
practis$ me*anical process t x almo/    
escapes ! obs]v+ eye4 ,i set ! foll[+   
propositions aga9/  ^? (                
,s*op5hau]3--,fir/ly1 9 ord] t ,w may   
arise1 an idea (  pleasure & pa9 is     
necess>y4 ,secondly1 t a vigor\s        
excitation may  be felt z pleasure or   

pa91 is ! affair ( ! int]pret+          
intellect1 :i*1 to be sure1 op]ates     
!reby = ! mo/ "p  unconsci\sly to u1 &  
"o & ! same excitation may be  int]pret$
 z pleasure or pa94 ,?irdly1 x is only 9
 an intellectual  be+ t !re is pleasure1
 displeasure & ,w2 ! imm5se majority  ( 
organisms h no?+ ( ! k9d4               
#abh4    ,! ,value ( ,pray]4--,pray] has
 be5 devis$ = su* m5 z h  nev] any      
?\ghts ( _! own1 & to :om an elevation (
 ! s\l is  unkn[n1 or passes unnotic$2  
:at %all ^! p d 9 holy places  & 9 all  
important situations 9 life :i* require 
repose & "s  k9d ( dignity8 ,9 ord] at  
lea/ t !y may n di/urb1 !  wisdom ( all 
! f\nd]s ( religions1 ! small z well z !
 great1  has comm5d$ to !m ! =mula (    
pray]1 z a long me*anical lab\r  ( !    
lips1 unit$ ) an ef=t ( ! memory1 & ) a 
uni=m1  prescrib$ attitude ( h&s &      
feet--& eyes6 ,!y may !n1 l  !          
,tibetans1 *ew ! cud ( _! om mane padme 
hum1 innum]able  times1 or1 z 9 ,b5>es1 
c\nt ! "n ( ,god ,ram-,ram-,ram 7& s on1

  ) or )\t grace7 on _! f+]s2 or hon\r  
,vi%nu ) 8  ?\s& names ( invocation1    
,allah ) 8 n9ety-n9e2 or !y may  make   
use ( ! pray]-:eels & ! ros>y3 ! ma9 ?+ 
is t  !y are settl$ d[n = a "t at ?is   
"w1 & pres5t a tol]able  appe>ance2 _!  
mode ( pray] is devis$ = ! advantage ( !
  pi\s :o h ?\ght & elevation ( _! own4 
,b ev5 ^! h  _! we>y h\rs :5 a s]ies (  
v5]able words & s\nds & a  me*anical1   
pi\s ritual does !m good4 ,b suppos+ t  
^! r>e  m5--9 e religion ! religi\s man 
is an exception--"k h[ to help          
!mselves1 ! poor 9 _s d n "k1 & to =bid 
!m !  pray]-babbl+ w\ld mean to take _! 
religion f !m1 a fact  :i* ,prote/antism
 br+s m & m to light4 ,all t religion   
wants ) su* p]sons is t !y %\ld keep    
/ill ) _!  eyes1 h&s1 legs1 & all _!    
organs3 !y !reby become tempor>ily      
beautifi$ &--m human-look+6             
#abi4    ,! ,conditions = ,god4--,god   
himself _c subsi/ )\t wise m51  said    
,lu!r1 & ) good reason2 b ,god c /ill   
less subsi/  )\t unwise m51--good ,lu!r 

did n say t6                            
#acj4    ,a ,dang]\s ,resolution4--,!   
,*ri/ian resolution to f9d ! _w  ugly & 
bad has made ! _w ugly & bad4           
#aca4    ,*ri/ianity &                  
,suicide4--,*ri/ianity made use ( !     
excessive  long+ = suicide at ! "t ( its
 orig9 z a lev] = its p[]3  x left only 
two =ms ( suicide1 inve/$ !m ) ! highe/ 
dignity & ! highe/ hopes1 & =bade all   
o!rs 9 a dreadful  mann]4 ,b m>tyrdom & 
! sl[ self-annihilation ( ! ascetic 7   
p]mitt$4                                
#acb4    ,aga9/ ,*ri/ianity4--,x is n[  
no long] our reason1 b our ta/e  t      
decides aga9/ ,*ri/ianity4              
#acc4    ,axioms4--,an unavoidable      
hypo!sis on :i* mank9d mu/ always fall  
back aga91 is1 9 ! long run1 m p[]ful   
?an ! mo/ firmly  believ$ belief 9      
some?+ untrue 7l ! ,*ri/ian belief74 ,9 
!  long run3 t means a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s 
f n[4                                   
#acd4    ,pessimi/s z ,victims4--,:5 a  
pr(\nd dislike ( exi/5ce gets !  upp]   

h&1 ! aft]-effect ( a great error 9 diet
 ( :i* a p  has be5 long guilty comes to
 light4 ,! spread ( ,buddhism 7n its    
orig97 is ?us to a consid]able ext5t    
dep5d5t on ! excessive &  almo/         
exclusive rice-f>e ( ! ,indians1 & on ! 
univ]sal  en]vation t results !refrom4  
,p]haps ! mod]n1 ,european              
discont5t$ness is to be look$ ^u z caus$
 by ! fact t !  _w ( our =efa!rs1 ! :ole
 ,middle ,ages1 0 giv5 to dr9k1  ow+ to 
! influ5ce ( ,g]man ta/es 9 ,europe3 !  
,middle ,ages1 t  means ! alcoholic     
poison+ ( ,europe4--,! ,g]man dislike ( 
life  7includ+ ! influ5ce ( ! cell>-air 
& /ove-poison 9 ,g]man  dwell+s71 is    
ess5tially a cold-wea!r compla9t4       
#ace4    ,orig9 ( ,s94--,s91 z x is at  
pres5t felt :]ev] ,*ri/ianity  prevails 
or has prevail$1 is a ,jewi% feel+ & a  
,jewi% inv5tion2  & 9 respect to ?is    
backgr\nd ( all ,*ri/ian morality1      
,*ri/ianity has 9 fact aim$ at ,judais+ 
! :ole _w4 ,to :at  an ext5t ?is has    
succe$$ 9 ,europe is trac$ mo/          

accurately 9 !  ext5t ( our ali5ness to 
,greek antiquity--a _w )\t ! feel+  (   
s9--9 our s5tim5ts ev5 at pres5t2 9     
spite ( all ! good w  to approximation &
 assimilation1 :i* :ole g5]ations & _m  
di/+ui%$ individuals h n fail$ to       
display4 ,only :5 ?\  rep5te/ is ,god   
graci\s to !e--t w\ld ar\se ! laught] or
  ! wra? ( a ,greek3 he w\ld say1       
,slaves may h su* s5tim5ts4  ,"h a      
mighty be+1 an almighty be+1 & yet a    
rev5geful be+1 is  presuppos$2 8 p[] is 
s great t no injury :atev] c be done  to
 him1 except 9 ! po9t ( hon\r4 ,e s9 is 
an infr+em5t (  respect1 a crim5 ls     
maje/atis div9--& no?+ m6 ,contrition1  
degradation1 roll+-9-!-du/1--^! are !   
fir/ & la/  conditions on :i* 8 fav\r   
dep5ds3 ! re/oration1 !re=e1 (  8 div9e 
hon\r6 ,if injury be caus$ o!rwise by   
s91 if a pr(\nd1  spread+ evil be       
propagat$ by x1 an evil :i*1 l a        
disease1  attacks & /rangles "o man aft]
 ano!r--t does n tr\ble ?is  hon\r-crav+
 ,ori5tal 9 heav52 s9 is an (f5ce aga9/ 

him1 n  aga9/ mank9d6--to him on :om he 
has be/[$ 8 fav\r he be/[s  also ?is    
indiff]5ce to ! natural consequ5ces (   
s94 ,god &  mank9d are "h ?\ght ( z     
sep>at$1 z s anti!tical t s9  aga9/ !   
latt] _c be at all possible1--all de$s  
are to be look$  ^u solely ) respect to 
_! sup]natural consequ5ces1 & n  )      
respect to _! natural results3 x is ?us 
t ! ,jewi%  feel+1 to :i* all t is      
natural seems unwor?y 9 itself1 w\ld  h 
?+s4 ,! ,greeks1 on ! o!r h&1 7 m       
famili> )  ! ?\ght t transgression also 
may h dignity1--ev5 !ft1 z 9  ! case (  
,prome!us1 ev5 ! slaught]+ ( cattle z ! 
expression ( frantic jeal\sy1 z 9 ! case
 ( ,ajax2 9 _! ne$ to  attribute dignity
 to transgression & embody x !re91 !y   
inv5t$  trag$y1--an art & a delight1 :i*
 9 its pr(\nde/ ess5ce has  rema9$ ali5 
to ! ,jew1 9 spite ( all 8 poetic       
end[m5t &  ta/e = ! sublime4            
#acf4    ,! ,*os5 ,p4--,! ,jews1 :o     
reg>d !mselves z ! *os5  p among !      
nations1 & t too because !y are ! moral 

g5ius  among ! nations 79 virtue ( _!   
capacity = despis+ ! human  9 !mselves m
 ?an any o!r p7--! ,jews h a pleasure 9 
_! div9e mon>* & sa9t simil> to t :i* ! 
,fr5* nobility  _h 9 ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,?is  
nobility _h all[$ its p[] & autocracy to
  be tak5 f x1 & _h become contemptible3
 9 ord] n to feel  ?is1 9 ord] to be    
able to =get x1 an unequall$ royal      
magnific5ce1 royal au?ority & pl5itude (
 p[] 0 ne$$1 to  :i* !re 0 access only =
 ! nobility4 ,z 9 accordance ) ?is      
privilege !y rais$ !mselves to !        
elevation ( ! c\rt1 & f  t elevation saw
 ev]y?+ "u !m1--saw ev]y?+              
contemptible1--!y got beyond all        
uneas9ess ( consci5ce4 ,!y ?us  elevat$ 
int5tionally ! t[] ( ! royal p[] m & m  
into  ! cl\ds1 & set ! f9al cop+-/one ( 
_! own p[] !reon4                       
#acg4    ,spok5 9 ,p>able4--,a ,jesus   
,*ri/ 0 only possible 9 a ,jewi%        
l&scape--,i mean 9 "o ov] :i* ! gloomy &
 sublime ?und]-cl\d  ( ! angry ,jehovah 
hung cont9ually4 ,"h only 0 ! r>e1 sudd5

  fla%+ ( a s+le sunbeam ?r\gh !        
dreadful1 univ]sal &  cont9u\s          
nocturnal-day reg>d$ z a miracle ( love1
 z a beam (  ! mo/ unm]it$ grace4 ,"h   
only c\ld ,*ri/ dream ( 8 ra9b[  &      
cele/ial ladd] on :i* ,god desc5d$ to   
man2 ev]y:]e else !  cle> wea!r & ! sun 
7 consid]$ ! rule & ! commonplace4      
#ach4    ,! ,error ( ,*ri/4--,! f\nd] ( 
,*ri/ianity ?\ght !re 0  no?+ f :i* m5  
suff]$ s mu* z f _! s9s3--x 0 8  error1 
! error ( him :o felt himself )\t s91 to
 :om exp]i5ce  0 lack+ 9 ?is respect6 ,x
 0 ?us t 8 s\l fill$ ) t  m>vell\s1     
fanta/ic pity :i* _h ref]5ce to a tr\ble
 t ev5  among 8 own p1 ! inv5tors ( s91 
0 r>ely a great tr\ble6  ,b ,*ri/ians   
und]/ood subsequ5tly h[ to d ju/ice to  
_!  ma/]1 & to sanctify 8 error into a  
tru?4                                   
#aci4    ,col\r ( ! ,passions4--,natures
 su* z ! apo/le ,paul1 h an evil  eye = 
! passions2 !y le>n to "k only ! fil?y1 
!  di/ort+1 & ! he>t-break+ 9 !m1--_!   
ideal aim1 !re=e1  is ! annihilation ( !

 passions2 9 ! div9e !y see complete    
purification f passion4 ,! ,greeks1 q   
o!rwise ?an ,paul & !  ,jews1 direct$ _!
 ideal aim precisely to ! passions1 &   
lov$1  elevat$1 embelli%$ & deifi$ !m3 9
 passion !y evid5tly n  only felt       
!mselves happi]1 b also pur] & div9] ?an
  o!rwise4--,& n[ ! ,*ri/ians8 ,h !y    
wi%$ to become ,jews 9  ?is respect8 ,h 
!y p]haps become ,jews6                 
#adj4    ,too ,jewi%4--,if ,god _h want$
 to become an object ( love1 he w\ld    
fir/ ( all h _h to =go judg+ &          
ju/ice3--a judge1 & ev5 a  graci\s      
judge1 is no object ( love4 ,! f\nd] (  
,*ri/ianity %[$  too little ( ! f9]     
feel+s 9 ?is respect--be+ a ,jew4       
#ada4    ,too ,ori5tal4--,:at8 ,a ,god  
:o loves m51 provid$ t !y believe 9     
him1 & :o hurls frightful glances &     
?reat5+s at him :o does  n believe 9 ?is
 love6 ,:at8 ,a condition$ love z !     
feel+ ( an  almighty ,god6 ,a love :i*  
has n ev5 become ma/] ( ! s5tim5t  (    
hon\r & ( ! irritable desire = v5geance6

 ,h[ ,ori5tal is all  t6 ,if ,i love !e1
 :at does x conc]n !e8#i is already a   
suffici5t criticism ( ! :ole (          
,*ri/ianity4                            
#adb4    ,frank9c5se4--,buddha says3 ,d 
n flatt] ?y b5efactor6 ,let "o  repeat  
?is say+ 9 a ,*ri/ian *ur*3--x          
imm$iately purifies !  air ( all        
,*ri/ianity4                            
#adc4    ,! ,greate/ ,utility (         
,poly!ism4--,= ! individual to set up 8 
own ideal & d]ive f x 8 laws1 8         
pleasures & 8  rights--t has p]haps be5 
hi!rto reg>d$ z ! mo/ mon/r\s  ( all    
human ab]rations1 & z idolatry 9 itself2
 9 fact1 ! few  :o h v5tur$ to d ?is h  
always ne$$ to apologise to  !mselves1  
usually 9 ?is wise3 ,n ,i6 n ,i6 b a    
,god1 ?r\gh my  in/rum5tality6 ,x 0 9 ! 
m>vell\s art & capacity = creat+        
,gods--9 poly!ism--t ?is impulse 0      
p]mitt$ to dis*>ge itself1  x 0 "h t x  
became purifi$1 p]fect$1 & ennobl$2 = x 
0  orig9ally a commonplace & unimportant
 impulse1 ak9 to /ubbornness1           

disob$i5ce & envy4 ,to be ho/ile to ?is 
impulse t[>ds !  individual ideal1--t 0 
=m]ly ! law ( e morality4 ,!re 0  !n    
only "o norm1 ! man--& e p believ$ t x  
_h  ?is "o & ultimate norm4 ,b above    
himself1 & outside ( himself1  9 a      
di/ant ov]-_w1 a p]son c\ld see a       
multitude ( norms3 !  "o ,god 0 n !     
d5ial or blasphemy ( ! o!r ,gods6 ,x 0  
"h  t individuals 7 fir/ p]mitt$1 x 0 "h
 t ! "r (  individuals 0 fir/ respect$4 
,! inv5t+ ( ,gods1 h]oes &  sup]m5 ( all
 k9ds1 z well z co-ord9ate m5 &         
und]m5--dw>fs1  fairies1 c5taurs1       
satyrs1 demons1 devils--0 ! ine/imable  
prelim9>y to ! ju/ification ( !         
selfi%ness & sov]eignty (  ! individual3
 ! fre$om :i* 0 grant$ to "o ,god 9     
respect to  o!r ,gods1 0 at la/ giv5 to 
! individual himself 9 respect to  laws1
 cu/oms & neighb\rs4 ,mono!ism1 on !    
contr>y1 ! rigid  consequ5ce ( ! doctr9e
 ( "o normal human be+--consequ5tly !   
belief 9 a normal ,god1 beside :om !re  
are only false1 spuri\s  ,gods--has     

p]haps be5 ! greate/ dang] ( mank9d 9 ! 
pa/3 man  0 !n ?reat5$ by t premature   
/ate ( in]tia1 :i*1 s f> z  we c see1   
mo/ ( ! o!r species ( animals rea*$ long
 ago1 z  creatures :o all believe 9 "o  
normal animal & ideal 9 _!  species1 &  
def9itely translat$ _! morality ( cu/om 
into fle%  & blood4 ,9 poly!ism man's   
free-?9k+ & _m-sid$ ?9k+ _h  a prototype
 set up3 ! p[] to create = himself new &
 individual  eyes1 always new] & m      
individualis$3 s t x is = man alone1  ( 
all ! animals1 t !re are no et]nal      
horizons &  p]spectives4                
#add4    ,religi\s ,w>s4--,! greate/    
advance ( ! masses hi!rto has be5       
religi\s w>1 = x proves t ! masses h    
begun to deal  rev]5tly ) conceptions ( 
?+s4 ,religi\s w>s only result1 :5      
human reason g5]ally has be5 ref9$ by ! 
subtle disputes ( sects2  s t ev5 !     
populace becomes punctili\s & reg>ds    
trifles z  important1 actually ?9k+ x   
possible t ! et]nal salvation (  ! s\l  
may dep5d ^u m9ute di/9ctions (         

concepts4                               
#ade4    ,dang] ( ,veget>ians4--,!      
imm5se preval5ce ( rice-eat+ impels to  
! use ( opium & n>cotics1 9 l mann] z ! 
imm5se preval5ce  ( potato-eat+ impels  
to ! use ( br&y3--x also impels1 h[ev]1 
9 its m subtle aft]-effects to modes (  
?\ght & feel+ :i*  op]ate n>cotically4  
,?is is 9 accord ) ! fact t ^? :o       
promote n>cotic modes ( ?\ght & feel+1 l
 ^? ,indian  tea*]s1 praise a purely    
vegetable diet1 & w\ld l to make x a    
law = ! masses3 !y want !reby to call =?
 & augm5t ! ne$  :i* !y are 9 a position
 to satisfy4                            
#adf4    ,g]man ,hopes4--,d n let u =get
 t ! names ( peoples are  g5]ally names 
( reproa*4 ,! ,t>t>s1 = example1 accord+
 to  _! "n1 are ! dogs2 !y 7 s *ri/5$ by
 ! ,*9ese4  ,deuts*5 7,g]mans7 means    
orig9ally hea!n3 x is ?us t !  ,go?s    
aft] _! conv]sion nam$ ! great mass ( _!
 unbaptiz$  fell[-tribes1 accord+ to !  
indication 9 _! translation ( !         
,septuag9t1 9 :i* ! hea!n are designat$ 

by ! ^w :i* 9  ,greek signifies !       
nations4 7,see ,ulfilas47--,x might /ill
 be possible  = ! ,g]mans to make an    
hon\rable "n ultimately out ( _! old  "n
 ( reproa*1 by becom+ ! fir/            
non-,*ri/ian nation (  ,europe2 = :i*   
purpose ,s*op5hau]1 to _! hon\r1 reg>d$ 
!m  z highly qualifi$4 ,! "w ( ,lu!r    
w\ld ?us be consummat$1--he  :o taught  
!m to be anti-,roman & to say3 ,"h ,i   
/&6 ,i _c  d o!rwise6--                 
#adg4    ,"q & ,answ]4--,:at d savage   
tribes at pres5t accept fir/ (  all f   
,europeans8 ,br&y & ,*ri/ianity1 !      
,european n>cotics4--,&  by :at means   
are !y fa/e/ ru9$8--,by ! ,european     
n>cotics4                               
#adh4    ,:]e ,re=mations               
,orig9ate4--,at ! "t ( ! great          
corruption (  ! *ur* x 0 lea/ ( all     
corrupt 9 ,g]many3 x 0 on t  acc\nt t ! 
,re=mation orig9at$ "h1 z a sign t ev5 !
  beg9n+s ( corruption 7 felt to be     
un5durable4 ,=1 comp>atively  speak+1 no
 p 0 ev] m ,*ri/ian ?an ! ,g]mans at !  

"t  ( ,lu!r2 _! ,*ri/ian culture 0 j    
ab\t to bur/ into bloom  ) a hundr$-fold
 spl5d\r1--"o night only 0 /ill lack+2 b
  t night br\ght ! /orm :i* put an end  
to all4                                 
#adi4    ,! ,failure ( ,re=mations4--,x 
te/ifies to ! high] culture ( !         
,greeks1 ev5 9 r e>ly ages1 t attempts  
to e/abli% new  ,grecian religions      
frequ5tly fail$2 x te/ifies t q e>ly !re
  mu/ h be5 a multitude ( dissimil>     
individuals 9 ,greece1 ^:  dissimil>    
tr\bles 7 n cur$ by a s+le recipe ( fai?
 & hope4  ,py?agoras & ,plato1 p]haps   
also ,emp$ocles1 & already mu* e>li]  ! 
,orphic en?usia/s1 aim$ at f\nd+ new    
religions2 & ! two  fir/-nam$ 7 s end[$ 
) ! qualifications = f\nd+  religions1 t
 "o _c be suffici5tly a/oni%$ at _!     
failure3  !y j rea*$ ! po9t ( f\nd+     
sects4 ,e "t t !  ,re=mation ( an entire
 p fails & only sects raise _! heads1   
"o may conclude t ! p already conta9s _m
 types1 & has  begun to free itself f ! 
gross h]d+ in/9cts & ! morality  (      

cu/om1--a mom5t\s /ate ( susp5se1 :i* "o
 is accu/om$ to  disp>age z decay (     
morals & corruption1 :ile x ann\nces !  
matur+ ( ! egg & ! e>ly rupture ( !     
%ell4 ,t ,lu!r's  ,re=mation succe$$ 9 !
 nor?1 is a sign t ! nor? _h  rema9$    
backw>d 9 comp>ison ) ! s\? ( ,europe1 &
 /ill _h  requirem5ts tol]ably uni=m 9  
col\r & k9d2 & !re w\ld h  be5 no       
,*ri/ianis+ ( ,europe at all1 if !      
culture ( ! old _w  ( ! s\? _h n be5    
gradually b>b>iz$ by an excessive       
admixture  ( ! blood ( ,g]man b>b>ians1 
& ?us lo/ its asc5d5cy4 ,!  m univ]sally
 & unconditionally an individual1 or !  
?\ght ( an  individual1 c op]ate1 s mu* 
m homog5e\s & s mu* l[] mu/  be ! mass t
 is !re op]at$ ^u2 :ile c\nt]-/riv+s    
betray  int]nal c\nt]-requirem5ts1 :i*  
also want to gratify & realise          
!mselves4 ,rev]sely1 "o may always      
conclude ) reg>d to an actual  elevation
 ( culture1 :5 p[]ful & ambiti\s natures
 only produce a  limit$ & sect>ian      
effect3 ?is is true also = ! sep>ate    

arts1  & = ! prov9ces ( k4 ,:]e !re is  
rul+ !re are  masses3 :]e !re are masses
 !re is ne$ ( slav]y4 ,:]e !re is       
slav]y ! individuals are b few1 & h !   
in/9cts &  consci5ce ( ! h]d oppos$ to  
!m4                                     
#aej4    ,criticism ( ,sa9ts4--,mu/ "o  
!n1 9 ord] to h a virtue1 be  desir\s ( 
hav+ x precisely 9 its mo/ brutal =m8--z
 !  ,*ri/ian sa9ts desir$ & ne$$2--^? :o
 only endur$ life )  ! ?\ght t at !     
sight ( _! virtue self-contempt might   
seize  e man4 ,a virtue ) su* an effect 
,i call brutal4                         
#aea4    ,! ,orig9 ( ,religion4--,!     
metaphysical requirem5t is n ! orig9  ( 
religions1 z ,s*op5hau] claims1 b only a
 lat] spr\t f  !m4 ,"u ! dom9ance (     
religi\s ?\ghts we h accu/om$  ourselves
 to ! idea ( ano!r 7back1 "u1 or upp]7  
_w1 &  feel an uncom=table void &       
privation ?r\gh ! annihilation ( !      
religi\s illusion2--& !n ano!r _w gr[s  
out ( ?is feel+  once m1 b n[ x is only 
a metaphysical _w1 & no long] a         

religi\s "o4 ,t h[ev] :i* 9 g5]al l$ to 
! assumption (  ano!r _w 9 primitive    
times1 0 n an impulse or requirem5t1  b 
an error 9 ! int]pretation ( c]ta9      
natural ph5om5a1 a  difficulty ( !      
intellect4                              
#aeb4    ,! greate/ ,*ange4--,! lu/re & 
! hues ( all ?+s h  *ang$6 ,we no long] 
q und]/& h[ e>li] m5 conceiv$ ( !  mo/  
famili> & frequ5t ?+s1--= example1 ( !  
day1 & !  awak5+ 9 ! morn+3 ow+ to _!   
belief 9 dreams ! wak+  /ate seem$ to !m
 diff]5tly illum9at$4 ,& simil>ly ( !   
:ole  ( life1 ) its reflection ( dea? & 
its significance3 our dea?  is an       
entirely diff]5t dea?4 ,all ev5ts 7 ( a 
diff]5t lu/re1  = a ,god %one =? 9 !m2 &
 simil>ly ( all resolutions &  peeps    
into ! di/ant future3 = p _h oracles1 & 
secret h9ts1  & believ$ 9               
progno/ication4 ,tru? 0 conceiv$ 9 q a  
diff]5t mann]1 = ! insane c\ld =m]ly be 
reg>d$ z its  m\?piece--a ?+ :i* makes u
 %udd]1 or laugh4 ,inju/ice made a      
diff]5t impression on ! feel+s3 = p 7   

afraid ( div9e  retribution1 & n only ( 
legal puni%m5t & disgrace4 ,:at joy 0   
!re 9 an age :5 m5 believ$ 9 ! devil &  
tempt]6 ,:at passion  0 !re :5 p saw    
demons lurk+ close at h&6 ,:at          
philosophy  0 !re :5 d\bt 0 reg>d$ z    
s9fulness ( ! mo/ dang]\s  k9d1 & 9 fact
 z an outrage on et]nal love1 z di/ru/ (
  ev]y?+ good1 high1 pure1 &            
compassionate6--,we h col\r$ ?+s  anew1 
we pa9t !m ov] cont9ually1--b :at h we  
be5 able to d  hi!rto 9 comp>ison ) !   
spl5did col\r+ ( t old  ma/]6--,i mean  
anci5t humanity4                        
#aec4    ,homo poeta4--,i myself :o h   
made ?is trag$y ( trag$ies  altoge!r    
indep5d5tly1 9 s f> z x is complet$2 ,i 
:o h fir/  entw9$ ! p]plexities (       
morality ab\t exi/5ce1 & h  tight5$ !m s
 t only a ,god c\ld unravel !m--s       
,horace  dem&s6--,i h already 9 ! f\r?  
act kill$ all ! ,gods--= !  sake (      
morality6 ,:at is n[ to be done ab\t !  
fif? act8 ,:]e  %all ,i get ! tragic    
dn\em5t6 ,mu/ ,i n[ ?9k ab\t a comic    

dn\em5t8                                
#aed4    ,diff]5ces 9 ! ,dang]\sness (  
,life4--,y don't "k at all :at  y       
exp]i5ce2 y run ?r\gh life z if         
intoxicat$1 & n[ & !n  fall d[n a /air4 
,?anks h[ev] to y\r intoxication y /ill 
d n  break y\r limbs3 y\r muscles are   
too languid & y\r head too  confus$ to  
f9d ! /ones ( ! /aircase z h>d z we o!rs
 d6  ,= u life is a great] dang]3 we are
 made ( glass--alas1 if we %\ld  /rike  
aga9/ any?+6 ,& all is lo/ if we %\ld   
fall6                                   
#aee4    ,:at we ,lack4--,we love !     
gr&eur ( ,nature & h discov]$ x2  t is  
because human gr&eur is lack+ 9 our     
m9ds4 ,x 0 !  rev]se ) ! ,greeks3 _!    
feel+ t[>ds ,nature 0 q  diff]5t f ours4
                                        
#aef4    ,! mo/ ,influ5tial ,p]son4--,! 
fact t a p]son resi/s ! :ole  _s ( 8    
age1 /ops x at ! door1 & calls x to     
acc\nt1 mu/  ex]t an influ5ce6 ,x is    
indiff]5t :e!r he wi%es to ex]t an      
influ5ce2 ! po9t is t he c4             

#aeg4    ,m5tiri4--,take c>e6--he       
reflects3 he w h a lie ready imm$iately4
  ,?is is a /age 9 ! civilisation ( :ole
 nations4 ,consid] only :at  ! ,romans  
express$ by m5tiri6                     
#aeh4    ,an ,inconv5i5t                
,peculi>ity4--,to f9d ev]y?+ deep is an 
inconv5i5t peculi>ity3 x makes "o       
con/antly /ra9 "o's eyes1 s  t 9 ! end  
"o always f9ds m ?an "o wi%es4          
#aei4    ,e ,virtue has its ,"t4--,!    
hone/y ( him :o is at pres5t  inflexible
 (t5 causes him remorse2 = inflexibility
 is ! virtue (  a "t diff]5t f t 9 :i*  
hone/y prevails4                        
#afj4    ,9 ,int]c\rse ) ,virtues4--,"o 
c also be undignifi$ &  flatt]+ t[>ds a 
virtue4                                 
#afa4    ,to ! ,admir]s ( ! ,age4--,!   
runaway prie/ & ! lib]at$  crim9al are  
cont9ually mak+ grimaces2 :at !y want is
 a look  )\t a pa/4--,b h y ev] se5 m5  
:o "k t _! looks  reflect ! future1 & :o
 are s c\rte\s to y1 ! admir]s ( !  age1
 t !y assume a look )\t a future4       

#afb4    ,egoism4--,egoism is !         
p]spective law ( our s5tim5t1 accord+ to
  :i* ! ne> appe>s l>ge & mom5t\s1 :ile 
9 ! di/ance !  magnitude & importance ( 
all ?+s dim9i%4                         
#afc4    ,aft] a ,great ,victory4--,!   
be/ ?+ 9 a great victory is t x         
deprives ! conqu]or ( ! fe> ( defeat4   
,:y %\ld ,i n be  wor/$ = once8 he says 
to himself1 ,i am n[ ri* en\gh to /&  x4
                                        
#afd4    ,^? :o ,seek ,repose4--,i      
recognise ! m9ds t seek repose by !  _m 
d>k objects ) :i* !y surr\nd !mselves3  
^? :o want  to sleep d>k5 _! *amb]s1 or 
creep into cav]ns4 ,a h9t to ^?  :o d n 
"k :at !y really seek mo/1 & w\ld l to  
"k6                                     
#afe4    ,! ,happ9ess (                 
,r5unciation4--,he :o has absolutely    
disp5s$ )  some?+ = a long "t w almo/   
imag9e1 :5 he accid5tally  meets ) x    
aga91 t he has discov]$ x1--& :at       
happ9ess e  discov]] has6 ,let u be wis]
 ?an ! s]p5ts t lie too long 9  ! same  

sun%9e4                                 
#aff4    ,always 9 our own              
,society4--,all t is ak9 to me 9 nature 
&  hi/ory speaks to me1 praises me1     
urges me =w>d & com=ts me--3  o!r ?+s   
are unhe>d by me1 or imm$iately =gott54 
,we are only 9  our own society always4 
#afg4    ,misan?ropy &                  
,philan?ropy4--,we only speak ab\t be+  
sick ( m5  :5 we c no long] dige/ !m1 & 
yet h ! /oma* full (  !m4 ,misan?ropy is
 ! result ( a f> too eag] philan?ropy & 
cannibalism1--b :o ev] bade y swall[ m5 
l oy/]s1 my ,pr9ce  ,hamlet6            
#afh4    ,conc]n+ an ,invalid4--,?+s g  
badly ) him6--,:at is wrong8--,he       
suff]s f ! long+ to be prais$1 & f9ds no
 su/5ance =  x4--,inconceivable6 ,all ! 
_w does hon\r to him1 & he is  rev]5c$ n
 only 9 de$ b 9 ^w6--,c]ta9ly1 b he is  
dull (  he>+ = ! praise4 ,:5 a fri5d    
praises him x s\nds to him z if  ! fri5d
 prais$ himself2 :5 an enemy praises    
him1 x s\nds to him  z if ! enemy want$ 
to be prais$ = x2 :51 f9ally1 "s "o     

else praises him--!re are by no means s 
_m ( ^!1 he is s  fam\s6--he is (f5d$   
because !y nei!r want him = a fri5d nor 
= an enemy2 he is accu/om$ to say3 ',:at
 d ,i c>e = ^? :o c  /ill pose z !      
all-righte\s t[>ds me6'                 
#afi4    ,av[$ ,enemies4--,brav]y 9     
pres5ce ( an enemy is a ?+ by itself3  a
 p]son may possess x & /ill be a c[>d & 
an irresolute  numskull4 ,t 0           
,napoleon's op9ion conc]n+ ! brave/ man 
he  knew1 ,murat3--:5ce x foll[s t av[$ 
enemies are indisp5sable to  "s m51 if  
!y are to atta9 to _! virtue1 to _!     
manl9ess1  to _! *e]fulness4            
#agj4    ,) ! ,multitude4--,he has      
hi!rto gone ) ! multitude & is its      
panegyri/2 b "o day he w be its oppon5t6
 ,= he foll[s x 9  ! belief t 8 laz9ess 
w f9d its advantage !reby2 he has n  yet
 le>n$ t ! multitude is n lazy en\gh =  
him6 t x  always presses =w>d6 t x does 
n all[ any "o to /&  /ill6--,& he likes 
s well to /& /ill6                      
#aga4    ,fame4--,:5 ! gratitude ( _m to

 "o ca/s aside all %ame1 !n  fame       
orig9ates4                              
#agb4    ,! ,p]v]t] ( ,ta/e4--,a3 ,y are
 a p]v]t] ( ta/e--!y say s  ev]y:]e6 ,b3
 ,c]ta9ly6 ,i p]v]t e "o's ta/e = 8     
p>ty3--no p>ty =gives me = t4           
#agc4    ,to be ,pr(\nd & to ,appe>     
,pr(\nd4--,he :o kn[s t he is  pr(\nd   
/rives = cle>ness2 he :o w\ld l to appe>
 pr(\nd to  ! multitude /rives =        
obscurity4 ,! multitude ?9ks ev]y?+     
pr(\nd ( :i* x _c see ! bottom2 x is s  
timid & goes s  unwill+ly into ! wat]4  
#agd4    ,ap>t4--,p>liam5t>ism1 t is to 
say1 ! public p]mission to  *oose betwe5
 five ma9 political op9ions1 ins9uates  
itself into !  fav\r ( ! num]\s class :o
 w\ld fa9 appe> indep5d5t &  individual1
 & l to fight = _! op9ions4 ,aft] all1  
h[ev]1 x  is a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r  
"o op9ion is impos$ ^u !  h]d1 or five  
op9ions are p]mitt$ to x4--,he :o       
div]ges f !  five public op9ions & goes 
ap>t1 has always ! :ole h]d aga9/  him4 
#age4    ,conc]n+ ,eloqu5ce4--,:at has  

hi!rto _h ! mo/ conv9c+  eloqu5ce8 ,!   
roll+ ( ! drum3 & z long z k+s h ?is at 
_! comm&1 !y w always be ! be/ orators &
 popul> lead]s4                         
#agf4    ,compassion4--,! poor1 rul+    
pr9ces6 ,all _! rights n[ *ange         
unexpect$ly into claims1 & all ^! claims
 imm$iately s\nd l  pret5sions6 ,& if !y
 b say we1 or my p1 wick$ old ,europe   
beg9s laugh+4 ,v]ily1 a                 
*ief-ma/]-(-c]emonies ( ! mod]n  _w w\ld
 make little c]emony ) !m2 p]haps he    
w\ld decree t  les s\v]a9s rang5t aux   
p>v5us4                                 
#agg4    ,on ,educational ,matt]s4--,9  
,g]many an important educational means  
is  lack+ = high] m52 namely1 ! laught] 
( high] m52 ^! m5 d  n laugh 9 ,g]many4 
#agh4    ,= ,moral ,enlight5m5t4--,!    
,g]mans mu/ be talk$ out ( _!           
,mephi/opheles--& out ( _! ,fau/ also4  
,^! are two moral  prejudices aga9/ !   
value ( k4                              
#agi4    ,?\ghts4--,?\ghts are ! %ad[s (
 our s5tim5ts--always1 h[ev]1  obscur]1 

empti]1 & simpl]4                       
#ahj4    ,! ,good ,"t = ,free           
,spirits4--,free ,spirits take lib]ties 
ev5 )  reg>d to ,sci5ce--& mean:ile !y  
are all[$ to d s1--:ile !  ,*ur* /ill   
rema9s6--,9 s f> !y h n[ _! good "t4    
#aha4    ,foll[+ & ,lead+4--,a3 ,( !    
two1 ! "o w always foll[1 !  o!r w      
always lead1 :atev] be ! c\rse ( _!     
de/9y4 ,&  yet ! =m] is sup]ior to ! o!r
 9 virtue & intellect4 ,b3  ,& yet8 ,&  
yet8 ,t is spok5 = ! o!rs2 n = me1 n =  
u6--,fit secundum regulam4              
#ahb4    ,9 ,solitude4--,:5 "o lives    
alone "o does n speak too l\dly1 &  "o  
does n write too l\dly ei!r1 = "o fe>s !
 holl[  rev]b]ation--! criticism ( !    
nymph ,e*o4--,& all voices s\nd         
diff]5tly 9 solitude6                   
#ahc4    ,! ,music ( ! ,be/ ,future4--,!
 fir/ musician = me w\ld be he  :o knew 
only ! sorr[ ( ! pr(\nde/ happ9ess1 & no
 o!r  sorr[3 !re has n hi!rto be5 su* a 
musician4                               
#ahd4    ,ju/ice4--,bett] all[ oneself  

to be robb$ ?an h sc>ecr[s ar\nd  "o--t 
is my ta/e4 ,& "u all circum/ances x is 
j a matt] (  ta/e--& no?+ m6            
#ahe4    ,poor4--,he is n[ poor1 b n    
because ev]y?+ has be5 tak5 f  him1 b   
because he has ?r[n ev]y?+ away3--:at   
does he c>e8 ,he is  accu/om$ to f9d new
 ?+s4--,x is ! poor :o misund]/& 8      
volunt>y pov]ty4                        
#ahf4    ,bad ,consci5ce4--,all t he n[ 
does is excell5t & prop]--& yet  he has 
a bad consci5ce ) x all4 ,= !           
exceptional is 8 task4                  
#ahg4    ,(f5siv5ess 9                  
,expression4--,?is arti/ (f5ds me by !  
way 9  :i* he expresses 8 ideas1 8 v    
excell5t ideas3 s diffusely &  =cibly1 &
 ) su* gross rhetorical artifices1 z if 
he 7  speak+ to ! mob4 ,we feel always z
 if 9 bad company :5 devot+  "s "t to 8 
art4                                    
#ahh4    ,"w4--,h[ close "w & ! work]s  
n[ /& ev5 to ! mo/  leisurely ( u6 ,!   
royal c\rtesy 9 ! words3 ,we are all    
work]s1  w\ld h be5 a cynicism & an     

indec5cy ev5 "u ,l\is ,,xiv4            
#ahi4    ,! ,?9k]4--,he is a ?9k]3 t is 
to say1 he kn[s h[ to take  ?+s m simply
 ?an !y are4                            
#aij4    ,aga9/ ,eulogis]s4--,a3 ,"o is 
only prais$ by "o's equals6 ,b3 ,yes6   
,& he :o praises y says3 ',y are my     
equal6'                                 
#aia4    ,aga9/ _m a ,v9dication4--,!   
mo/ p]fidi\s mann] ( injur+ a  cause is 
to v9dicate x int5tionally ) fallaci\s  
argum5ts4                               
#aib4    ,! ,good-natur$4--,:at is x t  
di/+ui%es ! good-natur$1  ^: c\nt5ances 
beam k9dness1 f o!r p8 ,!y feel q at    
ease 9 pres5ce ( a new p]son1 & are     
quickly enam\r$ ( him2 !y  !re=e wi% him
 well2 _! fir/ op9ion is3 ,he pleases   
me4 ,)  !m !re foll[ 9 succession ! wi% 
to appropriate 7!y make  little scruple 
ab\t ! p]son's wor?71 rapid             
appropriation1 joy 9  ! possession1 &   
actions 9 fav\r ( ! p]son possess$4     
#aic4    ,kant's ,joke4--,kant tri$ to  
prove1 9 a way t dismay$ ev]ybody1  t   

ev]ybody 0 9 ! "r3--t 0 8 secret joke4  
,he wrote  aga9/ ! le>n$1 9 fav\r (     
popul> prejudice2 he wrote1 h[ev]1  = ! 
le>n$ & n = ! p4                        
#aid4    ,! ,op5-he>t$ ,man4--,t man    
acts probably always f conceal$         
motives2 = he has always communicable   
motives on 8 tongue1 &  almo/ 9 8 op5   
h&4                                     
#aie4    ,laughable6--,see6 ,see6 ,he   
runs away f m5--3 !y foll[ him1  h[ev]1 
because he runs be=e !m1--!y are su* a  
greg>i\s lot6                           
#aif4    ,! ,limits ( our ,s5se (       
,he>+4--,we he> only ! que/ions to  :i* 
we are capable ( f9d+ an answ]4         
#aig4    ,caution !re=e6--,!re is no?+  
we are fond] ( communicat+ to  o!rs ?an 
! seal ( secrecy--toge!r ) :at is "u x4 
#aih4    ,vexation ( ! ,pr\d ,man4--,!  
pr\d man is vex$ ev5 ) ^? :o  help him  
=w>d3 he looks angrily at 8             
c>riage-horses6                         
#aii4    ,lib]ality4--,lib]ality is (t5 
only a =m ( timidity 9 ! ri*4           

#bjj4    ,laugh+4--,to laugh means to   
love mis*ief1 b ) a good consci5ce4     
#bja4    ,9 ,applause4--,9 applause !re 
is always "s k9d ( noise3 ev5 9         
self-applause4                          
#bjb4    ,a ,sp5d?rift4--,he has n yet !
 pov]ty ( ! ri* man :o has  c\nt$ all 8 
treasure1--he squ&]s 8 _s ) !           
irrationalness ( ! sp5d?rift ,nature4   
#bjc4    ,hic nig] e/4--,usually he has 
no ?\ghts1--b 9 exceptional cases  bad  
?\ghts come to him4                     
#bjd4    ,begg>s & ,c\rtesy4--,"o is n  
disc\rte\s :5 "o knocks at a  door ) a  
/one :5 ! bell-pull is awant+--s ?9k all
 begg>s  & necessit\s p]sons1 b no "o   
?9ks !y are 9 ! "r4                     
#bje4    ,ne$4--,ne$ is suppos$ to be ! 
cause ( ?+s2 b 9 tru? x is  (t5 only !  
effect ( ! ?+s !mselves4                
#bjf4    ,dur+ ! ,ra94--,x ra9s1 & ,i   
?9k ( ! poor p :o n[  cr[d toge!r ) _!  
_m c>es1 :i* !y are unaccu/om$ to       
conceal2 all ( !m1 !re=e1 ready & anxi\s
 to give pa9 to "o  ano!r1 & ?us provide

 !mselves ) a pitiable k9d ( com=t1  ev5
 9 bad wea!r4 ,?is1 ?is only1 is !      
pov]ty ( ! poor6                        
#bjg4    ,! ,envi\s ,man4--,t is an     
envi\s man--x is n desirable t he  %\ld 
h *ildr52 he w\ld be envi\s ( !m1       
because he c no  long] be a *ild4       
#bjh4    ,a ,great ,man6--,because a    
p]son is a great man1 we are n au?oris$ 
to inf] t he is a man4 ,p]haps he is    
only a boy1 or a *ameleon (  all ages1  
or a bewit*$ girl4                      
#bji4    ,a ,mode ( ,ask+ =             
,reasons4--,!re is a mode ( ask+ = our  
reasons :i* n only makes u =get our be/ 
reasons1 b also  ar\ses 9 u a spite &   
repugnance aga9/ reason g5]ally3--a v   
/upefy+ mode ( que/ion+1 & prop]ly an   
artifice ( tyrannical  m56              
#baj4    ,mod]ation 9 ,dilig5ce4--,"o   
mu/ n be anxi\s to surpass !  dilig5ce (
 "o's fa!r--t w\ld make "o ill4         
#baa4    ,secret ,enemies4--,to be able 
to keep a secret enemy--t is a luxury   
:i* ! morality ev5 ( ! highe/-m9d$      

p]sons c r>ely af=d4                    
#bab4    ,n ,lett+ oneself be           
,delud$4--,8 _s has bad mann]s1 x is    
ha/y & always /utt]s ) impati5ce2 s t "o
 w\ld h>dly  suspect ! deep brea?+ & !  
l>ge *e/ ( ! s\l 9 :i* x  resides4      
#bac4    ,! ,way to ,happ9ess4--,a sage 
ask$ ( a fool ! way to happ9ess4 ,!     
fool answ]$ )\t delay1 l "o :o _h be5   
ask$ ! way to !  next t[n3 ,admire      
y\rself1 & live on ! /reet6 ,hold1 cri$ 
!  sage1 y require too mu*2 x suffices  
to admire oneself6 ,! fool  repli$3 ,b  
h[ c "o con/antly admire )\t con/antly  
despis+8                                
#bad4    ,fai? ,saves4--,virtue gives   
happ9ess & a /ate ( bless$ness only to  
^? :o h a /rong fai? 9 _! virtue3--n1   
h[ev]1 to ! m  ref9$ s\ls ^: virtue     
consi/s ( a pr(\nd di/ru/ ( !mselves  & 
( all virtue4 ,aft] all1 !re=e1 x is    
fai? t saves "h  also6--& be x well     
obs]v$1 n virtue6                       
#bae4    ,! ,ideal & ! ,mat]ial4--,y h a
 noble ideal be=e y\r eyes3  b are y    

also su* a noble /one t su* a div9e     
image c\ld be  =m$ out ( y8 ,& )\t t--is
 n all y\r lab\r b>b>ic  sculptur+8 ,a  
blasphemy ( y\r ideal6                  
#baf4    ,dang] 9 ! ,voice4--,) a v l\d 
voice a p]son is almo/  incapable (     
reflect+ on subtle matt]s4              
#bag4    ,cause & ,effect4--,be=e !     
effect "o believes 9 o!r causes ?an     
aft] ! effect4                          
#bah4    ,my ,antipa?y4--,i d n l ^? p  
:o1 9 ord] to produce an  effect1 h to  
bur/ l bombs1 & 9 ^: neighb\rhood "o is 
always 9 dang] ( sudd5ly los+ "o's      
he>+--or ev5 some?+  m4                 
#bai4    ,! ,object ( ,puni%m5t4--,!    
object ( puni%m5t is to improve him  :o 
puni%es1--t is ! ultimate appeal ( ^? :o
 ju/ify  puni%m5t4                      
#bbj4    ,sacrifice4--,! victims ?9k    
o!rwise ?an ! spectators ab\t  sacrifice
 & sacrific+3 b !y h nev] be5 all[$ to  
express  _! op9ion4                     
#bba4    ,consid]ation4--,fa!rs & sons  
are mu* m consid]ate ( "o  ano!r ?an    

mo!rs & daught]s4                       
#bbb4    ,poet & ,li>4--,! poet sees 9 !
 li> 8 fo/]-bro!r ^: milk  he has drunk 
up2 ! latt] has ?us rema9$ wret*$1 & has
 n ev5  atta9$ to a good consci5ce4     
#bbc4    ,vic>i\sness ( ! ,s5ses4--,we h
 also eyes 9 ord] to he> )  !m1--said an
 old confessor :o _h gr[n deaf2 & among 
! bl9d he  t has ! longe/ e>s is k+4    
#bbd4    ,animal ,criticism4--,i fe> !  
animals reg>d man z a be+ l  !mselves1 v
 s]i\sly endang]$ by a loss ( s\nd      
animal  und]/&+2--!y reg>d him p]haps z 
! absurd animal1 !  laugh+ animal1 !    
cry+ animal1 ! un=tunate animal4        
#bbe4    ,! ,natural4--,evil has always 
_h ! great effect6 ,& ,nature is  evil6 
,let u !re=e be natural6--s reason      
secretly ! great  aspirants aft] effect1
 :o are too (t5 c\nt$ among great m54   
#bbf4    ,! ,di/ru/ful & _! ,/yle4--,we 
say ! /ronge/ ?+s simply1  provid$ p are
 ab\t u :o believe 9 our /r5g?3--su* an 
environm5t educates to simplicity (     
/yle4 ,! di/ru/ful1 on !  o!r h&1 speak 

emphatically2 !y make ?+s emphatic4     
#bbg4    ,fallacy1 ,fallacy4--,he _c    
rule himself2 !re=e t woman  concludes t
 x w be easy to rule him1 & ?r[s out h] 
l9es to  cat* him2--! poor creature1 :o 
9 a %ort "t w be 8 slave4               
#bbh4    ,aga9/ ,m$iators4--,he :o      
attempts to m$iate betwe5 two decid$    
?9k]s is rightly call$ m$iocre3 he has n
 an eye = see+ !  unique2 simil>is+ &   
equalis+ are signs ( weak eyes4         
#bbi4    ,ob/9acy & ,loyalty4--,out (   
ob/9acy he holds fa/ to a cause (  :i* !
 que/ionabl5ess has become obvi\s1--he  
calls t1 h[ev]1  8 loyalty4             
#bcj4    ,lack ( ,res]ve4--,8 :ole      
nature fails to conv9ce--t results  f ! 
fact t he has nev] be5 retic5t ab\t a   
good action he has  p]=m$4              
#bca4    ,! ,plodd]s4--,p]sons sl[ (    
appreh5sion ?9k t sl[ness =ms  "p ( k4  
#bcb4    ,dream+4--,ei!r "o does n dream
 at all1 or "o dreams 9 an  int]e/+     
mann]4 ,"o mu/ le>n to be awake 9 ! same
  fa%ion3--ei!r n at all1 or 9 an       

int]e/+ mann]4                          
#bcc4    ,! mo/ ,dang]\s ,po9t (        
,view4--,:at ,i n[ d1 or neglect to d1  
is  z important = all t is to come1 z ! 
greate/ ev5t ( !  pa/3 9 ?is imm5se     
p]spective ( effects all actions are    
equally  great & small4                 
#bcd4    ,consolatory ,words ( a        
,musician4--,y\r life does n s\nd into  
p's e>s3 = !m y live a dumb life1 & all 
ref9em5ts (  melody1 all fond           
resolutions 9 foll[+ or lead+ ! way1 are
  conceal$ f !m4 ,to be sure y d n p>ade
 ! ?or\ghf>es )  regim5tal music1--b ^! 
good p h no "r to say on t  acc\nt t y\r
 life is lack+ 9 music4 ,he t ha? e>s   
let him  he>4                           
#bce4    ,_s & ,"*4--,_m a "o atta9s 8  
full height ( "*1  b 8 _s is n adapt$ to
 ! elevation1--& _m a "o  rev]sely4     
#bcf4    ,to ,move ! ,multitude4--,is x 
n necess>y = him :o wants to move  !    
multitude to give a /age repres5tation (
 himself8 ,has he n  fir/ to translate  
himself into ! grotesquely obvi\s1 & !n 

set  =? 8 :ole p]sonality & cause 9 t   
vulg>is$ & simplifi$  fa%ion6           
#bcg4    ,! ,polite ,man4--,he is s     
polite6--,yes1 he has always a sop =    
,c]b]us ) him1 & is s timid t he takes  
ev]ybody = ,c]b]us1  ev5 y & me1--t is 8
 polit5ess4                             
#bch4    ,)\t ,envy4--,he is :olly )\t  
envy1 b !re is no m]it  !re93 = he wants
 to conqu] a l& :i* no "o has yet       
possess$  & h>dly any "o has ev5 se54   
#bci4    ,! ,joyless ,p]son4--,a s+le   
joyless p]son is en\gh to make con/ant  
displeasure & a cl\d$ heav5 9 a         
h\sehold2 & x is only by a  miracle t   
su* a p]son is lack+6--,happ9ess is n   
ne>ly su* a  contagi\s disease2--h[ is  
t6                                      
#bdj4    ,on ! ,sea-,%ore4--,i w\ld n   
build myself a h\se 7x is an elem5t  (  
my happ9ess n to be a h\se-own]674 ,if  
,i _h to d s1 h[ev]1 ,i  %\ld build x1 l
 _m ( ! ,romans1 "r into ! sea1--,i %\ld
  l to h "s secrets 9 common ) t        
beautiful mon/]4                        

#bda4    ,"w & ,arti/4--,?is arti/ is   
ambiti\s & no?+ m2  ultimately1 h[ev]1 8
 "w is only a magnify+ glass1 :i* he    
(f]s to e "o :o looks 9 8 direction4    
#bdb4    ,suum cuique4--,h[ev] great be 
my gre$ ( k1 ,i _c  appropriate aught ( 
?+s b :at already belongs to me1--!     
prop]ty  ( o!rs /ill rema9s 9 ! ?+s4 ,h[
 is x possible = a man to  be a ?ief or 
a robb]6                                
#bdc4    ,orig9 ( ,good & ,bad4--,he    
only w devise an improvem5t :o c  feel t
 ?is is n good4                         
#bdd4    ,?\ghts & ,words4--,ev5 our    
?\ghts we are unable to r5d]  completely
 9 words4                               
#bde4    ,praise 9 ,*oice4--,! arti/    
*ooses 8 subjects2 t is 8 mode (        
prais+4                                 
#bdf4    ,ma!matics4--,we want to c>ry !
 ref9em5t & rig\r ( ma!matics  into all 
! sci5ces1 z f> z x is 9 any way        
possible1 n 9 !  belief t we %all       
appreh5d ?+s 9 ?is way1 b 9 ord] !reby  
to ass]t our human relation to ?+s4     

,ma!matics is only a means to  g5]al &  
ultimate human k4                       
#bdg4    ,habits4--,all habits make our 
h& witti] & our wit unh&i]4             
#bdh4    ,books4--,( :at acc\nt is a    
book t nev] c>ries u away beyond all    
books6                                  
#bdi4    ,! ,sigh ( ! ,seek] ( ,k4--,oh1
 my covet\sness6 ,9 ?is  s\l !re is no  
dis9t]e/$ness--b an all-desir+ self1    
:i*1 by  means ( _m individuals1 w\ld   
fa9 see z ) its own eyes1 &  grasp z )  
its own h&s--a self br++ back ev5 !     
entire pa/1  & want+ to lose no?+ t c\ld
 9 any way belong to x6 ,oh1 ?is  flame 
( my covet\sness6 ,oh1 t ,i 7 re9c>nat$ 
9 a hundr$  individuals6--,he :o does n 
"k ?is sigh by exp]i5ce1 does n  "k !   
passion ( ! seek] ( k ei!r4             
#bej4    ,guilt4--,al?\gh ! mo/         
intellig5t judges ( ! wit*es1 & ev5  !  
wit*es !mselves1 7 conv9c$ ( ! guilt (  
wit*craft1 !  guilt1 nev]!less1 0 n !re4
 ,s x is ) all guilt4                   
#bea4    ,misund]/ood ,suff]]s4--,great 

natures suff] o!rwise ?an _!  wor%ipp]s 
imag9e2 !y suff] mo/ sev]ely f !        
ignoble1 petty  emotions ( c]ta9 evil   
mom5ts2 9 %ort1 f d\bt ( _! own         
greatness2--n h[ev] f ! sacrifices &    
m>tyrdoms :i* _!  tasks require ( !m4 ,z
 long z ,prome!us sympa?ises ) m5 &     
sacrifices himself = !m1 he is happy &  
pr\d 9 himself2 b on  becom+ envi\s (   
,zeus & ( ! homage :i* mortals pay      
him--!n  ,prome!us suff]s6              
#beb4    ,bett] to be 9 ,debt4--,bett]  
to rema9 9 debt ?an to pay ) money  :i* 
does n be> our /amp6--t is :at our      
sov]eignty pref]s4                      
#bec4    ,always at ,home4--,"o day we  
atta9 our goal--& !n ref] ) pride  to ! 
long j\rneys we h made to rea* x4 ,9    
tru?1 we did n  notice t we travell$4   
,we got into ! habit ( ?9k+ t we 7  at  
home 9 e place4                         
#bed4    ,aga9/ ,emb>rassm5t4--,he :o is
 always ?or\ghly occupi$ is rid (  all  
emb>rassm5t4                            
#bee4    ,imitators4--,a3 ,:at8 ,y don't

 want to h imitators8 ,b3 ,i don't  want
 p to d any?+ aft] me2 ,i want e "o to d
 some?+  be=e himself 7z a patt]n to    
himself7--j z ,i d4 ,a3  ,consequ5tly--8
                                        
#bef4    ,sk9n9ess4--,all pr(\nd m5 h _!
 happ9ess 9 imitat+ !  fly+-fi% = once1 
& play+ on ! cre/s ( ! waves2 !y ?9k  t 
:at is be/ ( all 9 ?+s is _! surface3 _!
  sk9n9ess--sit v5ia v]bo4              
#beg4    ,f ,exp]i5ce4--,a p]son (t5    
does n "k h[ ri* he is1 until he  le>ns 
f exp]i5ce :at ri* m5 ev5 play ! ?ief on
 him4                                   
#beh4    ,! ,d5i]s ( ,*ance4--,no       
conqu]or believes 9 *ance4              
#bei4    ,f ,p>adise4--,good & ,evil are
 ,god's prejudices--said ! s]p5t4       
#bfj4    ,"o times ,"o4--,"o only is    
always 9 ! wrong1 b ) two tru?          
beg9s4--,"o only _c prove himself "r2 b 
two are already beyond  refutation4     
#bfa4    ,orig9ality4--,:at is          
orig9ality8 ,to see some?+ t does n yet 
be> a "n1 t _c yet be nam$1 al?\gh x is 

be=e ev]ybody's  eyes4 ,z p are usually 
con/itut$1 x is ! "n t fir/ makes  a ?+ 
g5]ally visible to !m4--,orig9al p]sons 
h also = !  mo/ "p be5 ! nam]s ( ?+s4   
#bfb4    ,sub specie aet]ni4--,a3 ,y    
)draw fa/] & fa/] f !  liv+2 !y w soon  
/rike y out ( _! li/s6--,b3 ,x is !     
only way to p>ticipate 9 ! privilege ( !
 dead4 ,a3 ,9 :at  privilege8--,b3 ,no  
long] hav+ to die4                      
#bfc4    ,)\t ,vanity4--,:5 we love we  
want our defects to rema9  conceal$1--n 
out ( vanity1 b le/ ! p]son lov$ %\ld   
suff]  !refrom4 ,inde$1 ! lov] w\ld l to
 appe> z a ,god1--& n out  ( vanity     
ei!r4                                   
#bfd4    ,:at we ,d4--,:at we d is nev] 
und]/ood1 b only prais$ &  blam$4       
#bfe4    ,ultimate ,scepticism4--,b :at 
aft] all are man's tru?s8--,!y are 8    
irrefutable errors4                     
#bff4    ,:]e ,cruelty is               
,necess>y4--,he :o is great is cruel to 
8  second-rate virtues & judgm5ts4      
#bfg4    ,) a high ,aim4--,) a high aim 

a p]son is sup]ior ev5 to ju/ice1  & n  
only to 8 de$s & 8 judges4              
#bfh4    ,:at makes ,h]oic8--,to face   
simultane\sly "o's greate/ suff]+ &     
"o's highe/ hope4                       
#bfi4    ,:at do/ ?\ ,believe 98--,9    
?is3 ,t ! weights ( all ?+s  mu/ be     
det]m9$ anew4                           
#bgj4    ,:at ,sai? ?y ,consci5ce8--,?\ 
%alt become :at ?\ art4                 
#bga4    ,:]e are ?y ,greate/           
,dang]s8--,9 pity4                      
#bgb4    ,:at do/ ?\ ,love 9 o!rs8--,my 
hopes4                                  
#bgc4    ,:om do/ ?\ call ,bad8--,him :o
 always wants to put o!rs to %ame4      
#bgd4    ,:at do/ ?\ ?9k mo/            
humane8--,to sp>e a p]son %ame4         
#bge4    ,:at is ! ,seal ( ,lib]ty      
,atta9$8--,to be no long] a%am$ (       
oneself4    -----    ,footnote #i3      
,?is means t true love does n look =    
reciprocity4--,,tr4                     
,,book ,,f\r?                           
,,sanctus ,,janu>ius                    

,?\ :o ) cleav+ fi]y lances             
,! /ream ( my s\l f its ice do/ free1   
,till ) a ru% & a ro> x advances        
,to ent] ) glori\s hop+ ! sea3          
,bright] to see & pur] ev]1             
,free 9 ! bonds ( ?y sweet con/ra9t1--  
,s x praises ?y wondr\s endeav\r1       
,janu>y1 ?\ beaute\s sa9t6    ,g5oa1    
,janu>y #ahhb4                          
#bgf4    ,= ! ,new ,ye>4--,i /ill live1 
,i /ill ?9k2 ,i mu/ /ill live1 =  ,i mu/
 /ill ?9k4 ,sum1 ergo cogito3 cogito1   
ergo sum4 ,to-day  ev]yone takes !      
lib]ty ( express+ 8 wi% & 8 fav\rite    
?\ght3 well1 ,i also mean to tell :at ,i
 h wi%$ = myself to-day1  & :at ?\ght   
fir/ cross$ my m9d ?is ye>1--a ?\ght :i*
 ought  to be ! basis1 ! pl$ge & !      
sweet5+ ( all my future life6 ,i  want m
 & m to p]ceive ! necess>y *>act]s 9 ?+s
 z !  beautiful3--,i %all ?us be "o ( ^?
 :o beautify ?+s4 ,amor  fati3 let t    
h5ce=? be my love6 ,i d n want to wage  
w> )  ! ugly4 ,i d n want to accuse1 ,i 
d n want ev5 to accuse !  accus]s4      

,look+ aside1 let t be my sole negation6
 ,& all 9 all1  to sum up3 ,i wi% to be 
at any "t h]eaft] only a yea-say]6      
#bgg4    ,p]sonal ,provid5ce4--,!re is a
 c]ta9 climax 9 life1 at :i*1  not)/&+  
all our fre$om1 & h[ev] mu* we may h    
d5i$ all  direct+ reason & goodness 9 ! 
beautiful *aos ( exi/5ce1 we  are once m
 9 great dang] ( intellectual bondage1 &
 h to face  our h>de/ te/4 ,= n[ ! ?\ght
 ( a p]sonal ,provid5ce fir/  pres5ts   
itself be=e u ) its mo/ p]suasive =ce1 &
 has !  be/ ( advocates1 app>5tness1 9  
its fav\r1 n[ :5 x is obvi\s  t all &   
ev]y?+ t happ5s to u always turns out = 
!  be/4 ,! life ( e day & ( e h\r seems 
to be anxi\s =  no?+ else b always to   
prove ?is proposition anew2 let x be :at
  x w1 bad or good wea!r1 ! loss ( a    
fri5d1 a sickness1 a  calumny1 !        
non-receipt ( a lett]1 ! spra9+ ( "o's  
foot1 a  glance into a %op-w9d[1 a      
c\nt]-argum5t1 ! op5+ ( a book1 a       
dream1 a deception3--x %[s itself       
imm$iately1 or v soon aft]w>ds  z some?+

 n p]mitt$ to be abs5t1--x is full (    
pr(\nd  significance & utility precisely
 = u6 ,is !re a m dang]\s  temptation to
 rid ourselves ( ! belief 9 ! ,gods (   
,epicurus1 ^?  c>eless1 unkn[n ,gods1 & 
believe 9 "s anxi\s & mean ,div9ity1  :o
 kn[s p]sonally e little hair on our    
heads1 & feels no  disgu/ 9 r5d]+ ! mo/ 
wret*$ s]vices8 ,well--,i mean 9 spite (
  all ?is6 we want to leave ! ,gods     
alone 7& ! s]viceable g5ii  likewise71 &
 wi% to cont5t ourselves ) ! assumption 
t our  own practical & !oretical        
skilfulness 9 expla9+ & suitably        
arrang+ ev5ts has n[ rea*$ its highe/   
po9t4 ,we d n want  ei!r to ?9k too     
highly ( ?is dext]ity ( our wisdom1 :5 !
  wond]ful h>mony :i* results f play+ on
 our in/rum5t sometimes  surprises u too
 mu*3 a h>mony :i* s\nds too well = u to
 d>e to  ascribe x to ourselves4 ,9     
fact1 n[ & !n !re is "o :o plays  )     
u--belov$ ,*ance3 he leads our h&       
occasionally1 & ev5 !  all-wise/        
,provid5ce c\ld n devise any f9] music  

?an t (  :i* our fooli% h& is !n        
capable4                                
#bgh4    ,! ,?\ght ( ,dea?4--,x gives me
 a melan*oly happ9ess to live 9  ! mid/ 
( ?is confusion ( /reets1 ( necessities1
 ( voices3 h[  mu* enjoym5t1 impati5ce &
 desire1 h[ mu* ?ir/y life &  drunk5ness
 ( life comes to light "h e mom5t6 ,&   
yet x w  soon be s /ill = all ^! %\t+1  
lively1 life-lov+ p6 ,h[  ev]yone's     
%ad[1 8 gloomy travell+-companion /&s   
beh9d him6 ,x  is always z 9 ! la/ mom5t
 be=e ! dep>ture ( an  emigrant-%ip3 p h
 m ?an ev] to say to "o ano!r1 !  h\r   
presses1 ! ocean ) its lonely sil5ce    
waits impati5tly beh9d  all ! noise--s  
gre$y1 s c]ta9 ( its prey6 ,& all1 all1 
suppose  t ! pa/ has be5 no?+1 or a     
small matt]1 t ! ne> future  is ev]y?+3 
h5ce ?is ha/e1 ?is cry+1 ?is self-deaf5+
 &  self-ov]rea*+6 ,ev]yone wants to be 
=emo/ 9 ?is future1--& yet  dea? & !    
/illness ( dea? are ! only ?+s c]ta9 &  
common  to all 9 ?is future6 ,h[ /range 
t ?is sole ?+ t is c]ta9  & common to   

all1 ex]cises almo/ no influ5ce on m51 &
 t !y  are ! fur!/ f reg>d+ !mselves z !
 bro!rhood (  dea?6 ,x makes me happy to
 see t m5 d n want to ?9k at all (  !   
idea ( dea?6 ,i w\ld fa9 d some?+ to    
make ! idea ( life  ev5 a hundr$ times m
 wor?y ( _! att5tion4                   
#bgi4    ,/ell> ,fri5d%ip4--,we 7       
fri5ds1 & h become /rang]s to ea*  o!r4 
,b ?is is z x ought to be1 & we d n want
 ei!r to  conceal or obscure ! fact1 z  
if we _h to be a%am$ ( x4 ,we are  two  
%ips1 ea* ( :i* has its goal & its      
c\rse2 we may1 to be  sure1 cross "o    
ano!r 9 our pa?s1 & celebrate a fea/    
toge!r z  we did be=e1--& !n ! gallant  
%ips lay quietly 9 "o h>b\r1  & 9 "o    
sun%9e1 s t x might h be5 ?\ght !y 7    
already at _! goal1 & t !y _h _h "o     
goal4 ,b !n !  almighty /r5g? ( our     
tasks =c$ u ap>t once m into diff]5t    
seas & into diff]5t zones1 & p]haps we  
%all nev] see "o  ano!r aga91--or p]haps
 we may see "o ano!r1 b n "k "o  ano!r  
aga92 ! diff]5t seas & suns h alt]$ u6  

,t we _h  to become /rang]s to "o ano!r 
is ! law to :i* we are subject3  j by t 
%all we become m sacr$ to "o ano!r6 ,j  
by t  %all ! ?\ght ( our =m] fri5d%ip   
become holi]6 ,!re is  probably "s      
imm5se1 invisible curve & /ell> orbit 9 
:i* our  c\rses & goals1 s widely       
diff]5t1 may be compreh5d$ z small      
/ages ( ! way1--let u raise ourselves to
 ?is ?\ght6 ,b our life  is too %ort1 & 
our p[] ( vision too limit$ = u to be m 
?an  fri5ds 9 ! s5se ( t sublime        
possibility4--,& s we w  believe 9 our  
/ell> fri5d%ip1 ?\gh we %\ld h to be    
t]re/rial enemies to "o ano!r4          
#bhj4    ,ar*itecture = ,?9k]s4--,an    
insight is ne$$ 7& t probably  v soon7 z
 to :at is specially lack+ 9 our great  
cities--namely1  quiet1 spaci\s1 &      
widely ext5d$ places = reflection1      
places )  long1 l(ty colonnades = bad   
wea!r1 or = too sunny days1 :]e no      
noise ( wagons or ( %\t]s w\ld p5etrate1
 & :]e a m ref9$  propriety w\ld        
prohibit l\d pray+ ev5 to ! prie/3      

build+s &  situations :i* z a :ole w\ld 
express ! sublimity (  self-communion & 
seclusion f ! _w4 ,! "t is pa/ :5 !     
,*ur* possess$ ! monopoly ( reflection1 
:5 ! vita  contemplativa _h always 9 !  
fir/ place to be ! vita religiosa3  &   
ev]y?+ t ! ,*ur* has built expresses ?is
 ?\ght4 ,i "k  n h[ we c\ld cont5t      
ourselves ) _! /ructures1 ev5 if !y     
%\ld be dive/$ ( _! ecclesia/ical       
purposes3 ^! /ructures  speak a f> too  
pa!tic & too biass$ spee*1 z h\ses (    
,god &  places ( spl5d\r = sup]natural  
int]c\rse1 = u godless ones to  be able 
to ?9k our ?\ghts 9 !m4 ,we want to h   
ourselves  translat$ into /one & plant1 
we want to g = a walk 9 ourselves  :5 we
 w&] 9 ^! halls & g>d5s4                
#bha4    ,kn[+ h[ to ,f9d !             
,end4--,ma/]s ( ! fir/ rank are         
recognis$  by kn[+ 9 a p]fect mann] h[  
to f9d ! end1 9 ! :ole z well  z 9 ! "p2
 be x ! end ( a melody or ( a ?\ght1 be 
x !  fif? act ( a trag$y or ( a /ate    
affair4 ,! ma/]s ( ! second  degree     

always become re/less t[>ds ! end1 &    
seldom dip d[n into  ! sea ) su* pr\d1  
quiet equilibrium z1 = example1 !       
m\nta9-ridge at ,porto f9o--:]e ! ,bay (
 ,g5oa s+s its melody  to an end4       
#bhb4    ,! ,gait4--,!re are mann]isms (
 ! intellect by :i* ev5 great  m9ds     
betray t !y orig9ate f ! populace1 or f 
!  semi-populace3--x is pr9cipally !    
gait & /ep ( _! ?\ghts  :i* betray !m2  
!y _c walk4 ,x 0 ?us t ev5 ,napoleon1   
to 8 pr(\nd *agr91 c\ld n walk          
legitimately & 9 pr9cely  fa%ion on     
occasions :5 x 0 necess>y to d s        
prop]ly1 z 9  great coronation          
processions & on simil> occasions3 ev5  
!re he 0  always j ! lead] ( a          
column--pr\d & brusque at ! same "t1  & 
v self-consci\s ( x all4--,x is some?+  
laughable to see  ^? writ]s :o make !   
fold+ robes ( _! p]iods ru/le ar\nd  !m3
 !y want to cov] _! feet4               
#bhc4    ,pione]s4--,i greet all ! signs
 indicat+ t a m manly &  w>like age is  
comm5c+1 :i* w1 above all1 br+ h]oism   

aga9  into hon\r6 ,= x has to prep>e !  
way = a yet high] age1 &  ga!r ! =ce :i*
 ! latt] w "o day require1--! age :i*  w
 c>ry h]oism into k1 & wage w> = ! sake 
( ideas  & _! consequ5ces4 ,= t end _m  
brave pione]s are n[ ne$$1  :o1 h[ev]1  
_c orig9ate out ( no?+1--& j z little   
out (  ! s& & slime ( pres5t-day        
civilisation & ! culture ( great        
cities3 m5 sil5t1 solit>y & resolute1 :o
 "k h[ to be cont5t  & p]si/5t 9        
invisible activity3 m5 :o ) innate      
disposition  seek 9 all ?+s t :i* is to 
be ov]come 9 !m3 m5 to :om  *e]fulness1 
pati5ce1 simplicity1 & contempt ( !     
great vanities  belong j z mu* z d      
magnanimity 9 victory & indulg5ce to !  
trivial vanities ( all ! vanqui%$3 m5 ) 
an acute &  indep5d5t judgm5t reg>d+ all
 victors1 & conc]n+ ! "p  :i* *ance has 
play$ 9 ! w9n+ ( victory & fame3 m5 )   
_! own holidays1 _! own "w-days1 & _!   
own p]iods (  m\rn+2 accu/om$ to comm& )
 p]fect assurance1 & equally  ready1 if 
ne$ be1 to obey1 pr\d 9 ! "o case z 9 ! 

o!r1  equally s]v+ _! own int]e/s3 m5 m 
imp]ill$1 m  productive1 m happy6 ,=    
believe me6--! secret ( realis+ !  l>ge/
 productivity & ! greate/ enjoym5t (    
exi/5ce is to live  9 dang]6 ,build y\r 
cities on ! slope ( ,vesuvius6 ,s5d y\r 
%ips  into unexplor$ seas6 ,live 9 w> ) 
y\r equals & ) y\rselves6  ,be robb]s & 
spoil]s1 ye kn[+ ones1 z long z ye _c be
 rul]s  & possessor6 ,! "t w soon pass  
:5 y c be satisfi$ to live  l timor\s   
de] conceal$ 9 ! =e/s4 ,k w f9ally      
/ret* out h] h& = t :i* belongs to      
h]3--%e means to rule  & possess1 & y ) 
h]6                                     
#bhd4    ,belief 9 ,oneself4--,9 g5]al1 
few m5 h belief 9 !mselves3--&  ( ^? few
 "s are end[$ ) x z a useful bl9dness or
 p>tial  obscuration ( intellect 7:at   
w\ld !y p]ceive if !y c\ld see to  !    
bottom ( !mselves674 ,! o!rs mu/ fir/   
acquire ! belief  = !mselves3 ev]y?+    
good1 clev]1 or great t !y d1 is fir/  (
 all an argum5t aga9/ ! sceptic t dwells
 9 !m3 ! "q  is h[ to conv9ce or p]suade

 ?is sceptic1 & = t purpose  g5ius almo/
 is ne$$4 ,!y are signally dissatisfi$ )
 !mselves4                              
#bhe4    ,excelsior6--,?\ wilt nev] m   
pray1 nev] m wor%ip1 nev] m  repose 9   
inf9ite tru/--?\ refuse/ to /& /ill &   
dismiss ?y  ?\ghts be=e an ultimate     
wisdom1 an ultimate virtue1 an ultimate 
p[]1--?\ ha/ no con/ant gu>dian & fri5d 
9 ?y sev5  solitudes--?\ live/ )\t !    
outlook on a m\nta9 t has sn[ on  its   
head & fire 9 its he>t--!re is no long] 
any requit] = !e1  nor any am5d] ) 8    
f9i%+ t\*--!re is no long] any reason  9
 t :i* happ5s1 or any love 9 t :i* w    
happ5 to  !e--!re is no long] any       
re/+-place = ?y we>y he>t1 :]e x  has   
only to f9d & no long] to seek1 ?\ art  
oppos$ to any k9d (  ultimate peace1 ?\ 
desire/ ! et]nal recurr5ce ( w> &       
peace3--man ( r5unciation1 wilt ?\      
r5\nce 9 all ^! ?+s8 ,:o  w give !e !   
/r5g? to d s8 ,no "o has yet _h ?is     
/r5g?6--,!re is a lake :i* "o day refus$
 to fl[ away1 & ?rew  up a dam at !     

place :]e x _h hi!rto fl[$ away3 s9ce !n
 ?is  lake has always ris5 high] &      
high]4 ,p]haps ! v r5unciation  w also  
furni% u ) ! /r5g? ) :i* ! r5unciation  
itself c be borne2 p]haps man w ev] rise
 high] & high] f  t po9t onw>d1 :5 he no
 long] fl[s out into a ,god4            
#bhf4    ,a ,digression4--,"h are hopes2
 b :at w y see & he> ( !m1  if y h n    
exp]i5c$ glance & gl[ & dawn ( day 9 y\r
 own  s\ls8 ,i c only sugge/--,i _c d m6
 ,to move ! /ones1 to make  animals     
m5--w\ld y h me d t8 ,alas1 if y are yet
 /ones &  animals1 seek fir/ y\r        
,orpheus6                               
#bhg4    ,love ( ,bl9dness4--,my ?\ghts1
 said ! w&]] to 8 %ad[1  ought to %[ me 
:]e ,i /&1 b !y %\ld n betray to me     
:i!r ,i g4 ,i love ignorance ( ! future1
 & d n want to come  to grief by        
impati5ce & anticipatory ta/+ ( promis$ 
?+s4                                    
#bhh4    ,l(ty ,moods4--,x seems to me t
 mo/ m5 d n believe 9 l(ty  moods1      
unless x be = ! mom5t1 or at ! mo/ = a  

qu>t] ( an  h\r1--except ! few :o "k by 
exp]i5ce a long] duration ( high  feel+4
 ,b to be absolutely a man ) a s+le l(ty
 feel+1 !  inc>nation ( a s+le l(ty     
mood--t has hi!rto be5 only a dream  &  
an en*ant+ possibility3 hi/ory does n   
yet give u any  tru/wor?y example ( x4  
,nev]!less x c\ld "s day produce su*  m5
 also--:5 a multitude ( fav\rable       
conditions h be5 creat$ &  e/abli%$1 :i*
 at pres5t ev5 ! happie/ *ance is unable
 to  ?r[ toge!r4 ,p]haps t v /ate :i*   
has hi!rto ent]$ into  our s\l z an     
exception1 felt ) horror n[ & !n1 may be
 !  usual condition ( ^? future s\ls3 a 
cont9u\s movem5t betwe5  high & l[1 & ! 
feel+ ( high & l[1 a con/ant /ate (     
m\nt+ z on /eps1 & at ! same "t repos+ z
 on cl\ds4                              
#bhi4    ,abo>d ,%ip6--,:5 "o consid]s  
h[ a full philosophical  ju/ification ( 
8 mode ( liv+ & ?9k+ op]ates ^u e       
individual--namely1 z a w>m+1 bless+1 & 
fructify+ sun1  specially %9+ on him2 h[
 x makes him indep5d5t ( praise &       

blame1 self-suffici5t1 ri* & g5]\s 9 !  
be/[al ( happ9ess  & k9dness2 h[ x      
unceas+ly trans=ms ! evil to ! good1    
br+s all ! en]gies to bloom & maturity1 
& altoge!r h9d]s  ! gr[? ( ! great] &   
less] we$s ( *agr9 &  discont5t3--"o at 
la/ cries out importunately3 ,oh1 t _m  
su*  new suns 7 creat$6 ,! evil man1    
also1 ! un=tunate man1 &  ! exceptional 
man1 %all ea* h 8 philosophy1 8 rights1 
&  8 sun%9e6 ,x is n sympa?y ) !m t is  
necess>y6--we mu/  unle>n ?is arrogant  
fancy1 not)/&+ t humanity has s long    
le>n$ x & us$ x exclusively--we h n to  
set up any  confessor1 exorci/1 or      
p>don] = !m6 ,x is a new ju/ice1  h[ev]1
 t is necess>y6 ,& a new solution6 ,&   
new philosoph]s6  ,! moral e>? also is  
r\nd6 ,! moral e>? also has its         
antipodes6  ,! antipodes also h _! "r to
 exi/6 !re is /ill ano!r  _w to         
discov]--& m ?an "o6 ,abo>d %ip6 ye     
philosoph]s6                            
#bij4    ,"o ,?+ is ,ne$ful4--,to give  
/yle to "o's "*--t is a  gr& & a r>e    

art6 ,he :o surveys all t 8 nature      
pres5ts 9 its  /r5g? & 9 its weakness1 &
 !n fa%ions x into an +5i\s  plan1 until
 ev]y?+ appe>s arti/ic & rational1 & ev5
 !  weaknesses en*ant ! eye--ex]cises t 
admirable art4 ,"h !re has  be5 a great 
am\nt ( second nature add$1 !re a       
portion ( fir/  nature has be5 tak5     
away3--9 bo? cases ) long ex]cise &     
daily  lab\r at ! task4 ,"h ! ugly1 :i* 
does n p]mit ( be+ tak5  away1 has be5  
conceal$1 !re x has be5 re-int]pret$    
into !  sublime4 ,mu* ( ! vague1 :i*    
refuses to take =m1 has be5  res]v$ &   
utilis$ = ! p]spectives3--x is meant to 
give a h9t  ( ! remote & immeasurable4  
,9 ! end1 :5 ! "w has be5  complet$1 x  
is reveal$ h[ x 0 ! con/ra9t ( ! same   
ta/e  t organis$ & fa%ion$ x 9 :ole or 9
 "p3 :e!r ! ta/e  0 good or bad is (    
less importance ?an "o ?9ks1--x is      
suffici5t  t x 0 a ta/e6--,x w be !     
/rong imp]i\s natures :i*  exp]i5ce _!  
mo/ ref9$ joy 9 su* con/ra9t1 9 su*     
conf9em5t & p]fection "u _! own law2 !  

passion ( _!  viol5t volition less5s at 
! sight ( all discipl9$ nature1 all     
conqu]$ & m9i/]+ nature3 ev5 :5 !y h    
palaces to build  & g>d5s to lay out1 x 
is n to _! ta/e to all[ nature to be    
free4--,x is ! rev]se ) weak *>act]s :o 
h n p[] ov]  !mselves1 & hate !         
re/riction ( /yle3 !y feel t if ?is     
repugnant con/ra9t 7 laid ^u !m1 !y w\ld
 necess>ily become  vulg>is$ "u x3 !y   
become slaves z soon z !y s]ve1 !y  hate
 s]vice4 ,su* intellects--!y may be     
intellects ( ! fir/  rank--are always   
conc]n$ ) fa%ion+ or int]pret+ !mselves 
&  _! surr\nd+s z free nature--wild1    
arbitr>y1 fanta/ic1 confus$  & surpris+3
 & x is well = !m to d s1 because only 9
 ?is  mann] c !y please !mselves6 ,= "o 
?+ is ne$ful3 namely1  t man %\ld atta9 
to satisfaction ) himself--be x b ?r\gh 
?is or t fable & artifice3 x is only !n 
t man's aspect is at  all endurable6 ,he
 :o is dissatisfi$ ) himself is ev]     
ready to  av5ge himself on t acc\nt3 we 
o!rs w be 8 victims1 if only  9 hav+    

always to endure 8 ugly aspect4 ,= !    
aspect ( ! ugly  makes "o mean & sad4   
#bia4    ,g5oa4--,i h look$ ^u ?is city1
 its villas & pleasure-gr\nds  & ! wide 
circuit ( its inhabit$ heights & slopes1
 = a  consid]able "t3 9 ! end ,i mu/ say
 t ,i see c\nt5ances out  ( pa/         
g5]ations1--?is di/rict is /rewn ) !    
images ( bold &  autocratic m54 ,!y h   
liv$ & h want$ to live on--!y say s  )  
_! h\ses1 built & decorat$ = c5turies1 &
 n = !  pass+ h\r3 !y 7 well dispos$ to 
life1 h[ev] ill-dispos$ !y  may (t5 h   
be5 t[>ds !mselves4 ,i always see !     
build]1 h[ he  ca/s 8 eye on all t is   
built ar\nd him f> & ne>1 & likewise  on
 ! city1 ! sea1 & ! *a9 ( m\nta9s2 h[ he
 expresses p[]  & conque/ 9 8 gaze3 all 
?is he wi%es to fit into 8 plan1 &  9 ! 
end make x 8 prop]ty1 by its becom+ a   
portion ( !  same4 ,! :ole di/rict is   
ov]gr[n ) ?is sup]b1 insatiable  egoism 
( ! desire to possess & exploit2 & z ^! 
m5 :5  abroad recognis$ no fronti]s1 & 9
 _! ?ir/ = ! new plac$ a  new _w beside 

! old1 s also at home ev]yone rose up   
aga9/  ev]yone else1 & devis$ "s mode ( 
express+ 8 sup]iority1 &  ( plac+ betwe5
 himself & 8 neighb\r 8 p]sonal         
illimitabl5ess4 ,ev]yone won = himself 8
 home once m by  ov]-p[]+ x ) 8         
ar*itectural ?\ghts1 & by trans=m+ x    
into a delightful sight = 8 race4 ,:5 we
 consid] ! mode (  build+ cities 9 !    
nor?1 ! law & ! g5]al delight 9         
legality & ob$i5ce1 impose ^u u3 we     
!reby div9e ! prop5sity  to equality &  
submission :i* mu/ h rul$ 9 ^? build]s4 
,"h1 h[ev]1 on turn+ e corn] y f9d a man
 by himself1 :o  kn[s ! sea1 kn[s       
adv5ture1 & kn[s ! ,ori5t1 a man :o is  
av]se to law & to neighb\r1 z if x bor$ 
him to h to d )  !m1 a man :o scans all 
t is already old & e/abli%$1 )  envi\s  
glances3 ) a wond]ful craft9ess (       
fantasy1 he w\ld l1  at lea/ 9 ?\ght1 to
 e/abli% all ?is anew1 to lay 8 h& ^u   
x1 & introduce 8 mean+ into x--if only =
 ! pass+ h\r ( a  sunny aft]noon1 :5 =  
once 8 insatiable & melan*oly s\l feels 

satiety1 & :5 only :at is 8 own1 & no?+ 
/range1 may %[  itself to 8 eye4        
#bib4    ,to ! ,prea*]s ( ,morality4--,i
 d n mean to moralise1 b to ^?  :o d1 ,i
 w\ld give ?is advice3 if y mean        
ultimately to deprive !  be/ ?+s & ! be/
 conditions ( all hon\r & wor?1 cont9ue 
to  speak ( !m 9 ! same way z h]et(ore6 
,put !m at ! head (  y\r morality1 &    
speak f morn+ till night ( ! happ9ess ( 
virtue1 ( repose ( s\l1 ( righte\sness1 
& ( rew>d &  puni%m5t 9 ! nature ( ?+s3 
accord+ z y g on 9 ?is  mann]1 all ^!   
good ?+s w f9ally acquire a popul>ity & 
a  /reet-cry = !mselves3 b !n all ! gold
 on !m w also be  worn (f1 & m besides3 
all ! gold 9 !m w h *ang$  into lead4   
,truly1 y und]/& ! rev]se art ( al*emy1 
!  depreciat+ ( ! mo/ valuable ?+s6     
,try1 j = once1 ano!r  recipe1 9 ord] n 
to realise z hi!rto ! opposite ( :at y  
mean to atta93 d5y ^? good ?+s1 )draw f 
!m !  applause ( ! populace & disc\rage 
! spread ( !m1 make !m  once m !        
conceal$ *a/ities ( solit>y s\ls1 say t 

morality  is some?+ =bidd56 ,p]haps y w 
?us w9 ov] = ^? ?+s  ! sort ( m5 :o are 
only ( any acc\nt1 ,i mean ! h]oic4 ,b  
!n !re mu/ be some?+ =midable 9 !m1 & n 
z hi!rto  some?+ disgu/+6 ,might "o n be
 incl9$ to say at pres5t )  ref]5ce to  
morality :at ,ma/] ,eck>dt says3 ,i pray
 ,god to deliv]  me f ,god6             
#bic4    ,our ,atmosph]e4--,we "k x     
well3 to him :o only ca/s a glance n[  &
 !n at sci5ce1 z 9 tak+ a walk 79 !     
mann] ( wom51 &  alas6 also l _m        
arti/s71 ! /rictness 9 its s]vice1 its  
inexorability 9 small matt]s z well z 9 
great1 its rapidity 9  weigh+1 judg+ &  
condemn+1 produce some?+ ( a feel+ (    
gidd9ess & fright4 ,x is especially     
t]rify+ to him t !  h>de/ is "h dem&$1 t
 ! be/ is done )\t ! rew>d (  praise or 
di/9ction2 x is r z among soldi]s--almo/
 no?+ b  blame & %>p reprim& is he>d2 = 
do+ well prevails "h z  ! rule1 do+ ill 
z ! exception2 ! rule1 h[ev]1 has1 "h z 
ev]y:]e1 a sil5t tongue4 ,x is ! same ) 
?is sev]ity (  sci5ce z ) ! mann]s &    

polit5ess ( ! be/ society3 x  fright5s !
 un9itiat$4 ,he1 h[ev]1 :o is accu/om$  
to x1 does  n l to live any:]e b 9 ?is  
cle>1 transp>5t1 p[]ful1 &  highly      
electrifi$ atmosph]e1 ?is manly         
atmosph]e4 ,any:]e else x  is n pure &  
airy en\gh = him3 he suspects t !re 8   
be/  art w\ld nei!r be prop]ly          
advantage\s to anyone else1 nor a       
delight  to himself1 t ?r\gh misund]/&+s
 half ( 8 life w\ld slip  ?r\gh 8 f+]s1 
t mu* =esight1 mu* concealm5t1 &        
retic5ce w\ld con/antly be              
necess>y1--no?+ b great & useless       
losses ( p[]6 ,9 ?is ke5 & cle> elem5t1 
h[ev]1 he has 8  entire p[]3 "h he c    
fly6 ,:y %\ld he aga9 g d[n into ^?     
muddy wat]s :]e he has to swim & wade & 
soil 8 w+s6--,no6 ,!re  x is too h>d = u
 to live6 we _c help x t we are born =  
! atmosph]e1 ! pure atmosph]e1 we rivals
 ( ! ray ( light2 &  t we %\ld l be/ to 
ride l x on ! atoms ( e!r1 n away  f !  
sun1 b t[>ds ! sun6 ,t1 h[ev]1 we _c    
d3--s we  want to d ! only ?+ t is 9 our

 p[]3 namely1 to br+ light  to ! e>?1 we
 want to be ! light ( ! e>?6 ,& = t     
purpose we h our w+s & our swiftness &  
our sev]ity1 on t  acc\nt we are manly1 
& ev5 t]rible l ! fire4 ,let ^? fe>  u1 
:o d n "k h[ to w>m & bright5 !mselves  
by our  influ5ce6                       
#bid4    ,aga9/ ! ,disp>ag]s (          
,nature4--,!y are disagreeable to me1 ^?
  m5 9 :om e natural incl9ation =?)     
becomes a disease1  some?+ disfigur+1 or
 ev5 disgraceful4 ,!y h s$uc$ u to  !   
op9ion t ! incl9ations & impulses ( m5  
are evil2 !y  are ! cause ( our great   
inju/ice to our own nature1 & to all    
nature6 ,!re are en\gh ( m5 :o may yield
 to _! impulses  gracefully & c>elessly3
 b !y d n d s1 = fe> ( t  imag9>y evil  
?+ 9 nature6 ,t is ! cause :y !re is s  
little nobility to be f\nd among m53 !  
indication ( :i* w  always be to h no   
fe> ( oneself1 to expect no?+           
disgraceful f  oneself1 to fly )\t      
hesitation :i!rsoev] we are impell$--we 
free-born birds6 ,:]ev] we come1 !re w  

always be fre$om &  sun%9e ar\nd u4     
#bie4    ,%ort-liv$ ,habits4--,i love   
%ort-liv$ habits1 & reg>d !m z an       
invaluable means = gett+ a k ( _m ?+s & 
v>i\s  conditions1 to ! v bottom ( _!   
sweetness & bitt]ness2 my  nature is    
altoge!r arrang$ = %ort-liv$ habits1 ev5
 9 ! ne$s  ( its bodily heal?1 & 9      
g5]al1 z f> z ,i c see1 f !  l[e/ up to 
! highe/ matt]s4 ,i always ?9k t ?is w  
at  la/ satisfy me p]man5tly 7!         
%ort-liv$ habit has also t  *>act]i/ic  
belief ( passion1 ! belief 9 ev]la/+    
duration2 ,i  am to be envi$ = hav+ f\nd
 x & recognis$ x71 & !n x  n\ri%es me at
 noon & at eve1 & spreads a pr(\nd      
satisfaction  ar\nd me & 9 me1 s t ,i h 
no long+ = any?+ else1 n  ne$+ to       
comp>e1 or despise1 or hate4 ,b "o day !
 habit has _h  its "t3 ! good ?+        
sep>ates f me1 n z some?+ :i* !n        
inspires disgu/ 9 me--b peaceably & z   
?\gh satisfi$ ) me1 z  ,i am ) x2 z if  
we _h to be mutually ?ankful1 & ?us %ook
  h&s = f>ewell4 ,& already ! new habit 

waits at ! door1 &  simil>ly also my    
belief--inde/ructible fool & sage t ,i  
am6--t  ?is new habit w be ! "r "o1 !   
ultimate "r "o4 ,s x is  ) me z reg>ds  
foods1 ?\ghts1 m51 cities1 poems1 music1
  doctr9es1 arrangem5ts ( ! day1 & modes
 ( life4--,on ! o!r  h&1 ,i hate p]man5t
 habits1 & feel z if a tyrant came into 
my  neighb\rhood1 & z if my life's brea?
 cond5s$1 :5 ev5ts take  su* a =m t     
p]man5t habits seem necess>ily to gr[   
out ( !m3  = example1 ?r\gh an (ficial  
position1 ?r\gh con/ant  companion%ip ) 
! same p]sons1 ?r\gh a settl$ abode1 or 
?r\gh  a uni=m /ate ( heal?4 ,inde$1 f !
 bottom ( my s\l ,i am  gratefully      
dispos$ to all my mis]y & sickness1 & to
 :atev] is  imp]fect 9 me1 because su*  
?+s leave me a hundr$ back-doors  ?r\gh 
:i* ,i c escape f p]man5t habits4 ,! mo/
 un5durable  ?+1 to be sure1 ! really   
t]rible ?+1 w\ld be a life )\t  habits1 
a life :i* cont9ually requir$           
improvisation3--t w\ld be  my bani%m5t &
 my ,sib]ia4                            

#bif4    ,a ,fix$ ,reputation4--,a fix$ 
reputation 0 =m]ly a matt] ( !  v       
greate/ utility2 & :]ev] society        
cont9ues to be rul$ by !  h]d-in/9ct1 x 
is /ill mo/ suitable = e individual to  
give  to 8 "* & bus9ess ! appe>ance (   
unalt]abl5ess1--ev5  :5 !y are n s 9    
reality4 ,"o c rely on him1 he rema9s ! 
same--t is ! praise :i* has mo/         
significance 9 all dang]\s  conditions (
 society4 ,society feels ) satisfaction 
t x has a  reliable tool ready at all   
times 9 ! virtue ( ?is "o1 9 !  ambition
 ( t "o1 & 9 ! reflection & passion ( a 
?ird  "o1--x hon\rs ?is tool-l nature1  
?is self-con/ancy1 ?is  un*angeabl5ess 9
 op9ions1 ef=ts1 & ev5 9 faults1 ) !    
highe/ hon\rs4 ,su* a valuation1 :i*    
prevails & has prevail$  ev]y:]e        
simultane\sly ) ! morality ( cu/om1     
educates  *>act]s1 & br+s all *ang+1    
re-le>n+1 &  self-trans=m+ into         
disrepute4 ,be ! advantage ( ?is mode ( 
?9k+ ev] s great o!rwise1 x is 9 any    
case ! mode ( judg+  :i* is mo/ injuri\s

 to k3 = precisely ! good-w (  ! kn[+ "o
 ev] to decl>e himself unhesitat+ly z   
oppos$ to  8 =m] op9ions1 & 9 g5]al to  
be di/ru/ful ( all t wants  to be fix$ 9
 him--is "h condemn$ & br\ght into      
disrepute4 ,!  disposition ( ! ?9k]1 z  
incompatible ) a fix$ reputation1  is   
reg>d$ z di%on\rable1 :ile !            
petrifaction ( op9ions has  all ! hon\r 
to itself3--we h at pres5t /ill to live 
"u !  int]dict ( su* rules6 ,h[         
difficult x is to live :5 "o feels t  ! 
judgm5t ( _m mill5niums is ar\nd "o &   
aga9/ "o4 ,x is  probable t = _m        
mill5niums k 0 afflict$ ) a bad         
consci5ce1 & t !re mu/ h be5 mu*        
self-contempt & secret  mis]y 9 ! hi/ory
 ( ! greate/ intellects4                
#big4    ,ability to                    
,contradict4--,ev]yone kn[s at pres5t t 
! ability to  endure contradiction is a 
high indication ( culture4 ,"s p ev5  "k
 t ! high] man c\rts opposition1 &      
provokes x1 s z to  get a cue to 8      
hi!rto unkn[n p>tiality4 ,b ! ability to

  contradict1 ! atta9m5t ( good         
consci5ce 9 ho/ility to !  accu/om$1 !  
traditional & ! hall[$1--t is m ?an bo? 
!  above-nam$ abilities1 & is ! really  
great1 new & a/oni%+  ?+ 9 our culture1 
! /ep ( all /eps ( ! emancipat$         
intellect3 :o kn[s t8--                 
#bih4    ,a ,sigh4--,i caught ?is notion
 on ! way1 & rapidly took !  readie/1   
poor words to hold x fa/1 s t x might n 
aga9 fly  away4 ,& n[ x has di$ 9 ^! dry
 words1 & hangs & flaps ab\t  9 !m--& ,i
 h>dly "k n[1 :5 ,i look ^u x1 h[ ,i    
c\ld h _h  su* happ9ess :5 ,i caught ?is
 bird4                                  
#bii4    ,:at "o %\ld ,le>n f           
,arti/s4--,:at means h we = mak+  ?+s   
beautiful1 attractive1 & desirable1 :5  
!y are n s8--& ,i  suppose !y are nev] s
 9 !mselves6 ,we h "h some?+ to le>n  f 
physicians1 :51 = example1 !y dilute :at
 is bitt]1 or put  w9e & sug> into _!   
mix+-b[l2 b we h /ill m to le>n  f      
arti/s1 :o 9 fact1 are cont9ually       
conc]n$ 9 devis+ su*  inv5tions &       

artifices4 ,to )draw f ?+s until "o no  
long]  sees mu* ( !m1 until "o has ev5  
to see ?+s into !m1 9 ord]  to see !m at
 all--or to view !m f ! side1 & z 9 a   
frame--or  to place !m s t !y p>tly     
disguise !mselves & only p]mit (        
p]spective views--or to look at !m ?r\gh
 col\r$ glasses1 or 9 !  light ( !      
sunset--or to furni% !m ) a surface or  
sk9 :i* is  n fully transp>5t3 we %\ld  
le>n all t f arti/s1 &  moreov] be wis] 
?an !y4 ,= ?is f9e p[] ( !irs usually   
ceases ) !m :]e art ceases & life beg9s2
 we1 h[ev]1 want  to be ! poets ( our   
life1 & fir/ ( all 9 ! smalle/ & mo/    
commonplace matt]s4                     
#cjj4    ,prelude to ,sci5ce4--,d y     
believe !n t ! sci5ces w\ld h  aris5 &  
gr[n up if ! sorc]]s1 al*emi/s1         
a/rolog]s &  wit*es _h n be5 _! =]unn]s2
 ^? :o1 ) _! promis+s  & =e%ad[+s1 _h   
fir/ to create a ?ir/1 a hung]1 & a ta/e
  = hidd5 & =bidd5 p[]s8 ,yea1 t        
inf9itely m _h to be  promis$ ?an c\ld  
ev] be fulfill$1 9 ord] t some?+ might  

be fulfill$ 9 ! doma9 ( k8 ,p]haps !    
:ole (  religion1 also1 may appe> to "s 
di/ant age z an ex]cise & a  prelude1 9 
l mann] z ! prelude & prep>ation (      
sci5ce "h  exhibit !mselves1 ?\gh n at  
all practis$ & reg>d$ z su*4  ,p]haps   
religion may h be5 ! peculi> means =    
enabl+  individual m5 to enjoy b once ! 
entire self-satisfaction ( a ,god  & all
 8 self-r$eem+ p[]4 ,inde$6--"o may     
ask--w\ld man h  le>n$ at all to get on 
! tracks ( hung] & ?ir/ = himself1  & to
 extract satiety & fullness out (       
himself1 )\t t  religi\s s*ool+ &       
prelim9>y hi/ory8 ,_h ,prome!us fir/ to 
fancy t he _h /ol5 ! light1 & t he did  
p5ance = !  !ft--9 ord] f9ally to       
discov] t he _h creat$ ! light1 9  t he 
_h long$ = ! light1 & t n only man1 b   
also ,god  _h be5 ! "w ( 8 h&s & ! clay 
9 8 h&s8 ,all m]e  creations ( !        
creator8--j z ! illusion1 ! !ft1 !      
,caucasus1  ! vulture1 & ! :ole tragic  
,prome!ia ( all ?9k]s6                  
#cja4    ,illusion ( !                  

,contemplative4--,high] m5 are di/+ui%$ 
f  l[]1 by see+ & he>+ imm5sely m1 & 9 a
 ?\ghtful  mann]--& x is precisely ?is t
 di/+ui%es man f ! animal1  & ! high]   
animal f ! l[]4 ,! _w always becomes    
full]  = him :o gr[s up into ! full     
/ature ( humanity2 !re are always  m    
int]e/+ fi%+-hooks1 ?r[n out to him2 !  
numb] ( 8  /imuli is cont9ually on !    
increase1 & simil>ly ! v>ieties (  8    
pleasure & pa91--! high] man becomes    
always at ! same "t  happi] & unhappi]4 
,an illusion1 h[ev]1 is 8 con/ant       
accompanim5t all along3 he ?9ks he is   
plac$ z a spectator &  auditor be=e !   
great pantomime & conc]t ( life2 he     
calls 8  nature a contemplative nature1 
& !reby ov]looks ! fact t he  himself is
 also a real creator1 & cont9u\s poet ( 
life1--t he no  d\bt diff]s greatly f ! 
actor 9 ?is drama1 ! s-call$  practical 
man1 b diff]s /ill m f a m]e onlook] or 
spectator  be=e ! /age4 ,!re is c]ta9ly 
vis contemplativa1 &  re-exam9ation ( 8 
"w peculi> to him z poet1 b at ! same   

"t1 & fir/ & =emo/1 he has ! vis        
creativa1 :i* !  practical man or do]   
lacks1 :atev] appe>ance & curr5t belief 
may say to ! contr>y4 ,x is we1 we :o   
?9k & feel1 t actually  & unceas+ly make
 some?+ :i* does n yet exi/3 ! :ole     
et]nally increas+ _w ( valuations1      
col\rs1 weights1  p]spectives1          
gradations1 affirmations & negations4   
,?is composition  ( ours is cont9ually  
le>nt1 practis$1 & translat$ into fle% &
  actuality1 & ev5 into ! commonplace1  
by ! s-call$ practical m5  7our actors1 
z we h said74 ,:atev] has value 9 !     
pres5t  _w1 has x n 9 itself1 by its    
nature1--nature is always  wor?less3--b 
a value 0 once giv5 to x1 be/[$ ^u x1 & 
x  0 we :o gave & be/[$6 ,we only h     
creat$ ! _w :i* is  ( any acc\nt to     
man6--,b x is precisely ?is k t we lack1
  & :5 we get hold ( x = a mom5t we h   
=gott5 x ! next3  we misund]/& our      
highe/ p[]1 we contemplative m51 &      
e/imate  ourselves at too l[ a rate1--we
 are nei!r z pr\d nor z happy z  we     

might be4                               
#cjb4    ,! ,dang] ( ! ,happie/         
,ones4--,to h f9e s5ses & a f9e ta/e2   
to be accu/om$ to ! select & !          
intellectually be/ z our prop]  &       
readie/ f>e2 to be bless$ ) a /rong1    
bold1 & d>+ s\l2  to g ?r\gh life ) a   
quiet eye & a firm /ep1 ev] ready = !   
wor/ z = a fe/ival1 & full ( long+ =    
undiscov]$ worlds &  seas1 m5 & ,gods2  
to li/5 to all joy\s music1 z if !re1   
p]haps1  brave m51 soldi]s & seaf>]s1   
took a brief repose & enjoym5t1  & 9 !  
pr(\nde/ pleasure ( ! mom5t 7 ov]come ) 
te>s  & ! :ole purple melan*oly (       
happ9ess3 :o w\ld n l all  ?is to be 8  
possession1 8 condition6 ,x 0 ! happ9ess
 (  ,hom]6 ,! condition ( him :o inv5t$ 
! ,gods = ! ,greeks1--nay1  :o inv5t$ 8 
,gods = himself6 ,b let u n conceal !   
fact  t ) ?is happ9ess ( ,hom] 9 "o's   
s\l1 "o is m liable to  suff]+ ?an any  
o!r creature "u ! sun6 ,& only at ?is   
price  d we pur*ase ! mo/ preci\s pe>l t
 ! waves ( exi/5ce h  hi!rto wa%$ a%ore6

 ,z its possessor "o always becomes m   
s5sitive to pa91 & at la/ too s5sitive3 
a little displeasure &  loa?+ suffic$ 9 
! end to make ,hom] disgu/$ ) life4 ,he 
0  unable to solve a fooli% little      
riddle :i* "s "y fi%]s  propos$ to him6 
,yes1 ! little riddles are ! dang]s ( ! 
happie/  ones6--                        
#cjc4    ,two ,happy ,ones4--,c]ta9ly   
?is man1 not)/&+ 8 y\?1  und]/&s !      
improvisation ( life1 & a/oni%es ev5 !  
acute/  obs]v]s4 ,= x seems t he nev]   
makes a mi/ake1 al?\gh he  con/antly    
plays ! mo/ haz>d\s games4 ,"o is rem9d$
 ( !  improvis+ ma/]s ( ! musical art1  
to :om ev5 ! li/5]s w\ld  fa9 ascribe a 
div9e infallibility ( ! h&1 not)/&+ t   
!y n[ & !n make a mi/ake1 z e mortal is 
liable to d4 ,b  !y are skill$ &        
inv5tive1 & always ready 9 a mom5t to   
arrange  into ! /ructure ( ! score ! mo/
 accid5tal tone 7:]e ! j]k  ( a f+] or a
 hum\r br+s x ab\t71 & to animate !     
accid5t  ) a f9e mean+ & a s\l4--,"h is 
q a diff]5t man3  ev]y?+ t he int5ds &  

plans fails ) him 9 ! long run4  ,t on  
:i* he has n[ & aga9 set 8 he>t has     
already br\ght him  sev]al times to !   
abyss1 & to ! v v]ge ( ru92 & if he has 
z yet got out ( ! scrape1 x c]ta9ly has 
n be5 m]ely ) a  black eye4 ,d y ?9k he 
is unhappy ov] x8 ,he resolv$ long ago  
n to reg>d 8 own wi%es & plans z ( s mu*
 importance4 ,if  ?is does n succe$ )   
me1--he says to himself1 p]haps t w     
succe$2 & on ! :ole ,i d n "k b t ,i am 
"u m  obligation to ?ank my failures ?an
 any ( my successes4 ,am ,i made to  be 
head/rong1 & to we> ! bull's horns8 ,t  
:i* con/itutes !  wor? & ! sum ( life = 
me1 lies some:]e else2 ,i "k m (  life1 
because ,i h be5 s (t5 on ! po9t ( los+ 
x2 & j  on t acc\nt ,i h m ( life ?an   
any ( y6                                
#cjd4    ,9 ,do+ we ,leave ,undone4--,9 
! ma9 all ^? moral sy/ems are  di/a/eful
 to me :i* say3 ,d n d ?is6 ,r5\nce6    
,ov]come  ?yself6 ,on ! o!r h& ,i am    
fav\rable to ^? moral sy/ems :i*        
/imulate me to d some?+1 & to d x aga9 f

 morn+ till  ev5+1 & dream ( x at night1
 & ?9k ( no?+ else b to d  x well1 z    
well z x is possible = me alone6 ,f him 
:o s  lives !re fall (f "o aft] ! o!r ! 
?+s t d n p]ta9  to su* a life3 )\t     
hatr$ or antipa?y1 he sees ?is take     
leave  ( him to-day1 & t to-morr[1 l !  
yell[ leaves :i* e  liveli] breeze /rips
 f ! tree3 or he does n see at all t  !y
 take leave ( him1 s firmly is 8 eye    
fix$ ^u 8 goal1 &  g5]ally =w>d1 n      
sideways1 backw>d1 nor d[nw>d4 ,our do+ 
mu/  det]m9e :at we leave undone2 9 t we
 d1 we leave undone--s x  pleases me1 s 
runs my placitum4 ,b ,i d n mean to     
/rive ) op5  eyes = my impov]i%m5t2 ,i d
 n l any ( ! negative virtues  ^: v     
ess5ce is negation & self-r5unciation4  
#cje4    ,self-control4--,^? moral      
tea*]s :o fir/ & =emo/ ord] man to  get 
himself into 8 own p[]1 induce !reby a  
curi\s infirmity 9  him1--namely1 a     
con/ant s5sitiv5ess ) ref]5ce to all    
natural  /riv+s & incl9ations1 & z x 71 
a sort ( it*+4 ,:atev]  may h5ce=? drive

 him1 draw him1 allure or impel him1    
:e!r  int]nally or ext]nally--x always  
seems to ?is s5sitive be+1 z if  8      
self-control 7 9 dang]3 he is no long]  
at lib]ty to tru/  himself to any       
in/9ct1 to any free flight1 b /&s       
con/antly )  def5sive mi51 arm$ aga9/   
himself1 ) %>p di/ru/ful eye1 !  et]nal 
wat*] ( 8 /ronghold1 to :i* (fice he has
 appo9t$  himself4 ,yes1 he c be great 9
 t position6 ,b h[ un5durable he  has n[
 become to o!rs1 h[ difficult ev5 =     
himself to be>1 h[  impov]i%$ & cut (f f
 ! f9e/ accid5ts ( 8 s\l6 ,yea1  ev5 f  
all fur!r in/ruction6 ,= we mu/ be able 
to lose  ourselves at times1 if we want 
to le>n some?+ ( :at we h n 9           
ourselves4                              
#cjf4    ,/oic & ,epicurean4--,!        
,epicurean selects ! situations1 !      
p]sons1 & ev5 ! ev5ts :i* suit 8        
extremely s5sitive1  intellectual       
con/itution2 he r5\nces ! re/--t is to  
say1 by f>  ! great] "p (               
exp]i5ce--because x w\ld be too /rong & 

too  heavy f>e = him4 ,! ,/oic1 on !    
contr>y1 accu/oms himself to  swall[    
/ones & v]m91 glass-spl9t]s & scorpions1
 )\t  feel+ any disgu/3 8 /oma* is meant
 to become indiff]5t 9 !  end to all t !
 accid5ts ( exi/5ce ca/ into x3--he     
rem9ds "o  ( ! ,arabic sect ( ! ,assaua1
 ) :i* ! ,fr5* became  acqua9t$ 9       
,algi]s2 & l ^? ins5sible p]sons1 he    
also likes  well to h an invit$ public  
at ! exhibition ( 8 ins5sibility1  ! v  
?+ ! ,epicurean will+ly disp5ses )3--he 
has ( c\rse  8 g>d56 ,/oicism may be q  
advisable = m5 ) :om fate  improvises1 =
 ^? :o live 9 viol5t times & are dep5d5t
 on  abrupt & *angeable individuals4    
,he1 h[ev]1 :o anticipates t  fate w    
p]mit him to sp9 a long ?read1 does well
 to make 8  arrangem5ts 9 ,epicurean    
fa%ion2 all m5 devot$ to intellectual   
lab\r h done x hi!rto6 ,= x w\ld be a   
supreme loss to !m to  =feit _! f9e     
s5sibility1 & acquire ! h>d1 /oical hide
 )  h$gehog prickles 9 ex*ange4         
#cjg4    ,9 ,fav\r (                    

,criticism4--,some?+ n[ appe>s to !e z  
an error  :i* ?\ =m]ly lov$/ z a tru?1  
or z a probability3 ?\  pu%e/ x f !e &  
imag9e/ t ?y reason has !re ga9$ a      
victory4 ,b p]haps t error 0 !n1 :5 ?\  
wa/ /ill ano!r  p]son--?\ art always    
ano!r p]son1--j z necess>y to !e z all  
?y pres5t tru?s1 l a sk91 z x 71 :i*    
conceal$ &  veil$ f !e mu* :i* ?\ /ill  
may/ n see4 ,?y new life1 &  n ?y       
reason1 has sla9 t op9ion = !e3 ?\ do/ n
 require  x any long]1 & n[ x breaks d[n
 ( its own accord1 & !  irrationality   
crawls out ( x z a worm into ! light4   
,:5 we make  use ( criticism x is n     
some?+ arbitr>y & imp]sonal1--x is1 at  
lea/ v (t51 a pro( t !re are lively1    
active =ces 9 u1  :i* ca/ a sk94 ,we    
d5y1 & mu/ d5y1 because some?+ 9 u      
wants to live & affirm itself1 some?+   
:i* we p]haps d n z  yet "k1 d n z yet  
see6--,s mu* 9 fav\r ( criticism4       
#cjh4    ,! ,hi/ory ( ea* ,day4--,:at is
 x t con/itutes ! hi/ory (  ea* day =   
!e8 ,look at ?y habits ( :i* x consi/s3 

are !y !  product ( numb]less little    
acts ( c[>dice & laz9ess1 or ( ?y       
brav]y & inv5tive reason8 ,al?\gh ! two 
cases are s diff]5t1  x is possible t m5
 might be/[ ! same praise ^u !e1 & t  ?\
 might/ also be equally useful to !m 9 !
 "o case z 9 !  o!r4 ,b praise & utility
 & respectability may suffice = him  ^: 
only desire is to h a good consci5ce1--n
 h[ev] = !e1  ! tri] ( ! re9s1 :o ha/ a 
consci\sness ( ! consci5ce6             
#cji4    ,out ( ! ,sev5? ,solitude4--,"o
 day ! w&]] %ut a door beh9d  him1 /ood 
/ill1 & wept4 ,!n he said3 ,oh1 ?is     
incl9ation &  impulse t[>ds ! true1 !   
real1 ! non-app>5t1 ! c]ta96 ,h[ ,i     
dete/ x6 ,:y does ?is gloomy &          
passionate taskma/] foll[ j  me8 ,i %\ld
 l to re/1 b x does n p]mit me to d s4  
,are  !re n a ho/ ( ?+s s$uc+ me to     
t>ry6 ,ev]y:]e !re are  g>d5s ( ,armida 
= me1 & !re=e !re w always be fre%      
sep>ations & fre% bitt]ness ( he>t6 ,i  
mu/ set my foot =w>d1  my we>y w\nd$    
foot3 & because ,i feel ,i mu/ d ?is1 ,i

 (t5 ca/  grim glances back at ! mo/    
beautiful ?+s :i* c\ld n deta9          
me--because !y c\ld n deta9 me6         
#caj4    ,w & ,wave4--,h[ eag]ly ?is    
wave comes hi!r1 z if x 7 a  "q ( its   
rea*+ some?+6 ,h[ x creeps ) frightful  
ha/e  into ! inn]mo/ corn]s ( ! rocky   
cliff6 ,x seems t x wants to  =e/all "s 
"o2 x seems t some?+ is conceal$ !re t  
has  value1 high value4--,& n[ x        
retreats some:at m sl[ly1 /ill q  :ite )
 excitem5t1--is x disappo9t$8 ,has x    
f\nd :at x s\ght8  ,does x m]ely pret5d 
to be disappo9t$8--,b already ano!r wave
  approa*es1 /ill m eag] & wild ?an !   
fir/1 & its s\l also  seems to be full (
 secrets & ( long+ = treasure-seek+4    
,?us  live ! waves1--?us live we :o     
ex]cise w6--,i d n say m4--,b  :at6 ,ye 
di/ru/ me8 ,ye are angry at me1 ye      
beautiful mon/]s8 ,d ye  fe> t ,i w q   
betray y\r secret8 ,well6 ,j be angry ) 
me1  raise y\r gre51 dang]\s bodies z   
high z ye c1 make a wall  betwe5 me & ! 
sun--z at pres5t6 ,v]ily1 !re is n[ no?+

 m  left ( ! _w save gre5 twilight &    
gre5 lightn+-fla%es4 ,d z  ye w1 ye     
wanton creatures1 ro> ) delight &       
wick$ness--or dive  "u aga91 p\r y\r    
em]alds d[n into ! dep?s1 & ca/ y\r     
endless :ite tresses ( foam & spray ov] 
!m--x is all ! same to  me1 = all is s  
well ) y1 & ,i am s pleas$ ) y = x  all3
 h[ c\ld ,i betray y6 ,=--take ?is to   
he>t6--,i "k y &  y\r secret1 ,i "k y\r 
race6 ,y & ,i are inde$ ( "o race6 ,y & 
,i h inde$ "o secret6                   
#caa4    ,brok5 ,lights4--,we are n     
always brave1 & :5 we are we>y1 p  ( our
 /amp are liable to lam5t occasionally 9
 ?is wise3--,x is s  h>d to cause pa9 to
 m5--oh1 t x %\ld be necess>y6 ,:at good
 is  x to live conceal$1 :5 we d n want 
to keep to ourselves t  :i* causes      
vexation8 ,w\ld x n be m advisable to   
live 9 !  madd+ cr[d1 & comp5sate       
individuals = s9s t are committ$  & mu/ 
be committ$ aga9/ mank9d 9 g5]al8       
,fooli% ) fools1  va9 ) ! va91          
en?usia/ic ) en?usia/s8 ,w\ld t n be    

reasonable :5 !re is su* an inord9ate   
am\nt ( div]g5ce 9 !  ma98 ,:5 ,i he> ( 
! malignity ( o!rs aga9/ me--is n my    
fir/  feel+ t ( satisfaction8 ,x is well
 t x %\ld be s6--,i seem to  myself to  
say to !m--,i am s little 9 h>mony ) y1 
& h s  mu* tru? on my side3 see h5ce=? t
 ye be m]ry at my exp5se z  (t5 z ye c6 
,"h are my defects & mi/akes1 "h are my 
illusions1 my bad ta/e1 my confusion1 my
 te>s1 my vanity1 my owli%  concealm5t1 
my contradictions6 ,"h y h some?+ to    
laugh at6  ,laugh !n1 & enjoy y\rselves6
 ,i am n av]se to ! law & nature  ( ?+s1
 :i* is t defects & errors %\ld give    
pleasure6--,to be  sure !re 7 once 'm   
glori\s' times1 :5 z soon z any "o got  
an idea1 h[ev] mod]ately new x might be1
 he w\ld ?9k himself s  indisp5sable z  
to g out into ! /reet ) x1 & call to    
ev]ybody3 ',behold6 ! k+dom ( heav5 is  
at h&6'--,i %\ld n miss  myself1 if ,i 7
 a-want+4 ,we are none ( u              
indisp5sable6--,z we  h said1 h[ev]1 we 
d n ?9k ?us :5 we are brave2 we d n  ?9k

 ab\t x at all4                         
#cab4    ,my ,dog4--,i h giv5 a "n to my
 suff]+1 & call x dog1--x is  j z       
fai?ful1 j z importunate & %ameless1 j z
  ent]ta9+1 j z wise1 z any o!r dog--&  
,i c dom9e] ov] x1  & v5t my bad hum\r  
on x1 z o!rs d ) _! dogs1 s]vants1  &   
wives4                                  
#cac4    ,no ,picture ( a ,m>tyr4--,i w 
take my cue f ,raphael1 & n pa9t  any m 
m>tyr pictures4 ,!re are en\gh ( sublime
 ?+s )\t its  be+ necess>y to seek      
sublimity :]e x is l9k$ ) cruelty2      
moreov] my ambition w\ld n be gratifi$ 9
 ! lea/ if ,i aspir$ to  be a sublime   
execution]4                             
#cad4    ,new ,dome/ic ,animals4--,i    
want to h my lion & my eagle ab\t me1  t
 ,i may always h h9ts & premonitions    
conc]n+ ! am\nt (  my /r5g? or weakness4
 ,mu/ ,i look d[n on !m to-day1 & be    
afraid  ( !m8 ,& w ! h\r come once m :5 
!y w look up to me1  & tremble8--       
#cae4    ,! ,la/ ,h\r4--,/orms are my   
dang]4 ,%all ,i h my /orm 9 :i* ,i  %all

 p]i%1 j z ,oliv] ,cromwell p]i%$ 9 8   
/orm8 ,or %all ,i  g out z a light does1
 n fir/ bl[n out by ! w9d1 b gr[n tir$  
& we>y ( itself--a burnt-out light8 ,or 
f9ally1 %all ,i bl[ myself  out1 s z n  
to burn out6                            
#caf4    ,prophetic ,m54--,ye _c div9e  
h[ sorely prophetic m5 suff]3 ye  ?9k   
only t a f9e gift has be5 giv5 to !m1 & 
w\ld fa9  h x y\rselves1--b ,i w express
 my mean+ by a simile4 ,h[ mu*  may n ! 
animals suff] f ! electricity ( !       
atmosph]e &  ! cl\ds6 ,"s ( !m1 z we    
see1 h a prophetic faculty )  reg>d to !
 wea!r1 = example1 apes 7z "o c obs]ve v
 well  ev5 9 ,europe1--& n only 9       
m5ag]ies1 b at ,gibralt>74 ,b x  nev]   
occurs to u t x is _! suff]+s--t are _! 
prophets6 ,:5 /rong positive            
electricity1 "u ! influ5ce ( an         
approa*+ cl\d n at all visible1 is      
sudd5ly conv]t$ into  negative          
electricity1 & an alt]ation ( ! wea!r is
 imm95t1  ^! animals !n behave z if an  
enemy 7 approa*+ !m1 &  prep>e = def5ce1

 or flight3 !y g5]ally hide             
!mselves1--!y d  n ?9k ( ! bad wea!r z  
wea!r1 b z an enemy ^: h& !y  already   
feel6                                   
#cag4    ,retrospect4--,we seldom become
 consci\s ( ! real pa?os ( any  p]iod ( 
life z su*1 z long z we cont9ue 9 x1 b  
always ?9k  x is ! only possible &      
reasonable ?+ = u h5ce=?1 & t  x is     
altoge!r e?os & n pa?os#aj--to speak &  
di/+ui%  l ! ,greeks4 ,a few notes (    
music to-day recall$ a w9t] & a  h\se1 &
 a life ( utt] solitude to my m9d1 & at 
! same "t !  s5tim5ts 9 :i* ,i !n liv$3 
,i ?\ght ,i %\ld be able to live 9  su* 
a /ate always4 ,b n[ ,i und]/& t x 0    
entirely pa?os  & passion1 some?+       
comp>able to ?is pa9fully bold & truly  
com=t+ music1--x is n "o's lot to h ^!  
s5sations =  ye>s1 /ill less =          
et]nities3 o!rwise "o w\ld become too   
e!real = ?is planet4                    
#cah4    ,wisdom 9 ,pa94--,9 pa9 !re is 
z mu* wisdom z 9 pleasure3 l  ! latt] x 
is "o ( ! be/ self-pres]vatives ( a     

species4 ,7  x n s1 pa9 w\ld long ago h 
be5 done away )2 t x is  hurtful is no  
argum5t aga9/ x1 = to be hurtful is its 
v  ess5ce4 ,9 pa9 ,i he> ! comm&+ call (
 ! %ip's capta93 ,take  9 sail6 ,man1 ! 
bold seaf>]1 mu/ h le>n$ to set 8 sails 
9 a ?\s& diff]5t ways1 o!rwise he c\ld n
 h sail$ long1  = ! ocean w\ld soon h   
swall[$ him up4 ,we mu/ also "k h[ to   
live ) r$uc$ en]gy3 z soon z pa9 gives  
its precaution>y  signal1 x is "t to    
r$uce ! spe$--"s great dang]1 "s /orm1  
is  approa*+1 & we d well to cat* z     
little w9d z possible4--,x is  true t   
!re are m5 :o1 on ! approa* ( sev]e pa91
 he> !  v opposite call ( comm&1 & nev] 
appe> m pr\d1 m  m>tial1 or m happy1 ?an
 :5 ! /orm is brew+2 inde$1 pa9  itself 
provides !m ) _! supreme mom5ts6 ,^! are
 ! h]oic  m51 ! great pa9-br+]s (       
mank9d3 ^? few & r>e ones :o  ne$ j !   
same apology z pa9 g5]ally1--& v]ily1 x 
%\ld n  be d5i$ !m6 ,!y are =ces ( !    
greate/ importance =  pres]v+ & advanc+ 
! species1 7 x only because !y are      

oppos$ to smug ease1 & d n conceal _!   
disgu/ at ?is k9d (  happ9ess4          
#cai4    ,z ,int]pret]s ( our           
,exp]i5ces4--,"o =m ( hone/y has always 
be5 lack+ among f\nd]s ( religions & _! 
k93--!y h nev]  made _! exp]i5ces a     
matt] ( ! intellectual consci5ce4 ,:at  
did ,i really exp]i5ce8 ,:at !n took    
place 9 me & ar\nd me8 ,0  my und]/&+   
cle> en\gh8 ,0 my w directly oppos$ to  
all  deception ( ! s5ses1 & c\rage\s 9  
its def5ce aga9/ fanta/ic               
notions8--,none ( !m ev] ask$ ^!        
que/ions1 nor to ?is day d  any ( ! good
 religi\s p ask !m4 ,!y h r a ?ir/ =    
?+s :i* are contr>y to reason1 & !y     
don't want to h too  mu* difficulty 9   
satisfy+ ?is ?ir/1--s !y exp]i5ce       
miracles  & reg5]ations1 & he> ! voices 
( angels6 ,b we :o are  diff]5t1 :o are 
?ir/y = reason1 want to look z c>efully 
into  our exp]i5ces1 z 9 ! case ( a     
sci5tific exp]im5t1 h\r by  h\r1 day by 
day6 ,we ourselves want to be our own   
exp]im5ts1 & our  own subjects (        

exp]im5t4                               
#cbj4    ,on ,meet+ ,aga94--,a3 ,d ,i q 
und]/& y8 ,y are 9 se>* (  some?+8 ,:]e1
 9 ! mid/ ( ! pres5t1 actual _w1 is y\r 
ni*e & />8 ,:]e c y lay y\rself 9 ! sun1
 s t y  also may h a surplus ( well-be+1
 t y\r exi/5ce may ju/ify  itself8 ,let 
ev]yone d t = himself--y seem to say1   
--& let him  put talk ab\t g5]alities1  
conc]n ab\t o!rs & society1 out (  8    
m9d6--,b3 ,i want m2 ,i am no seek]4 ,i 
want to create my own sun  = myself4    
#cba4    ,a ,new ,precaution4--,let u no
 long] ?9k s mu* ab\t puni%+1  blam+1 & 
improv+6 ,we %all seldom be able to alt]
 an individual1  & if we %\ld succe$ 9  
do+ s1 some?+ else may also succe$1     
p]haps unaw>es3 we may h be5 alt]$ by   
him6 ,let u r see  to x t our own       
influ5ce on all t is to come outweighs &
  ov]weighs 8 influ5ce6 ,let u n /ruggle
 9 direct conflict6--all  blam+1 puni%+1
 & desire to improve comes "u ?is       
category4 ,b  let u elevate ourselves   
all ! high]6 ,let u ev] give to our     

patt]n  m %9+ col\rs6 ,let u obscure !  
o!r by our light6 ,no6 ,we d  n mean to 
become d>k] ourselves on 8 acc\nt1 l all
 t  puni% & are discont5t$6 ,let u r g  
aside6 ,let u look away6                
#cbb4    ,a ,simile4--,^? ?9k]s 9 :om   
all ! />s move 9 cyclic orbits1  are n !
 mo/ pr(\nd4 ,he :o looks into himself1 
z into an imm5se  univ]se1 & c>ries     
,milky ,ways 9 himself1 kn[s also h[    
irregul>  all ,milky ,ways are2 !y lead 
into ! v *aos & labyr9? (  exi/5ce4     
#cbc4    ,happ9ess 9 ,de/9y4--,de/9y    
conf]s its greate/ di/9ction ^u u  :5 x 
has made u fight = a "t on ! side ( our 
adv]s>ies4 ,we  are !reby pr$e/9$ to a  
great victory4                          
#cbd4    ,9 ,m$ia ,vita4--,no6 ,life has
 n deceiv$ me6 ,on ! contr>y1 f  ye> to 
ye> ,i f9d x ri*]1 m desirable & m      
my/]i\s--f  ! day on :i* ! great        
lib]ator broke my fett]s1 ! ?\ght t     
life may be an exp]im5t ( ! ?9k]--& n a 
duty1 n a fatality1  n a deceit6--,& k  
itself may be = o!rs some?+  diff]5t2 = 

example1 a b$ ( ease1 or ! pa? to a b$ (
 ease1 or  an ent]ta9m5t1 or a c\rse (  
idl+1--= me x is a _w ( dang]s  &       
victories1 9 :i* ev5 ! h]oic s5tim5ts h 
_! ar5a &  danc+-floor4 ,life z a means 
to k--) ?is pr9ciple 9  "o's he>t1 "o c 
n only be brave1 b c ev5 live joyfully &
  laugh joyfully6 ,& :o c\ld "k h[ to   
laugh well & live well1 :o  did n fir/  
und]/& ! full mean+ ( w> & victory6     
#cbe4    ,:at ,belongs to               
,greatness4--,:o c atta9 to any?+ great 
if he does  n feel ! =ce & w 9 himself  
to inflict great pa98 ,!  ability to    
suff] is a small matt]3 9 t l9e1 weak   
wom5 & ev5  slaves (t5 atta9 ma/]l9ess4 
,b n to p]i% f int]nal  di/ress & d\bt  
:5 "o inflicts great angui% & he>s ! cry
 (  ?is angui%--t is great1 t belongs to
 greatness4                             
#cbf4    ,physicians ( ! ,s\l &         
,pa94--,all prea*]s ( morality1 z also  
all !ologians1 h a bad habit 9 common3  
all ( !m try to p]suade  man t he is v  
ill1 & t a sev]e1 f9al1 radical cure is 

necess>y4 ,& because mank9d z a :ole has
 = c5turies li/5$ too  eag]ly to ^?     
tea*]s1 some?+ ( ! sup]/ition t ! human 
race is 9 a v bad way has actually come 
ov] m53 s t !y are  n[ f> too ready to  
sigh2 !y f9d no?+ m 9 life & make       
melan*oly faces at ea* o!r1 z if life 7 
inde$ v h>d to  endure4 ,9 tru?1 !y are 
inord9ately assur$ ( _! life & 9  love )
 x1 & full ( untold intrigues &         
subtleties =  suppress+ ev]y?+          
disagreeable & = extract+ ! ?orn f  pa9 
& mis=tune4 ,x seems to me t p always   
speak )  exagg]ation ab\t pa9 &         
mis=tune1 z if x 7 a matt] ( good       
behavi\r to exagg]ate "h3 on ! o!r h& p 
are int5tionally  sil5t 9 reg>d to !    
numb] ( exp$i5ts = alleviat+ pa92 z  =  
in/ance1 ! dead5+ ( x1 or fev]i% flurry 
( ?\ght1 or a  peaceful position1 or    
good & bad rem9isc5ces1 int5tions1      
hopes1--also _m k9ds ( pride &          
fell[-feel+ :i* h almo/ !  effect (     
an/hetics3 :ile 9 ! greate/ degree ( pa9
 fa9t+  takes place ( itself4 ,we und]/&

 v well h[ to p\r sweetness on  our     
bitt]ness1 especially on ! bitt]ness (  
our s\l2 we f9d a  rem$y 9 our brav]y & 
sublimity1 z well z 9 ! nobl] delirium  
( submission & resignation4 ,a loss     
sc>cely rema9s a loss = an  h\r3 9 "s   
way or o!r a gift f heav5 has always    
fall5 into our  lap at ! same mom5t--a  
new =m ( /r5g?1 = example3 be x b a  new
 opportunity = ! ex]cise ( /r5g?6 ,:at h
 ! prea*]s (  morality n dreamt conc]n+ 
! inn] mis]y ( evil m56 ,:at  lies h !y 
n told u ab\t ! mis=tunes ( impassion$  
m56  ,yes1 ly+ is "h ! "r ^w3 !y 7 only 
too well aw>e ( !  ov]fl[+ happ9ess (   
?is k9d ( man1 b !y kept sil5t z dea?   
ab\t x2 because x 0 a refutation ( _!   
!ory1 accord+ to  :i* happ9ess only     
orig9ates ?r\gh ! annihilation ( !      
passions  & ! sil5c+ ( ! w6 ,& f9ally1 z
 reg>ds ! recipe ( all  ^? physicians ( 
! s\l & _! recomm5dation ( a sev]e      
radical cure1 we may be all[$ to ask3   
,is our life really pa9ful &  burd5some 
en\gh = u to ex*ange x ) advantage = a  

,/oical  mode ( life1 & ,/oical         
petrification8 ,we d n feel suffici5tly 
mis]able to h to feel ill 9 ! ,/oical   
fa%ion6                                 
#cbg4    ,tak+ ,?+s ,s]i\sly4--,!       
intellect is ) mo/ p an awkw>d1  obscure
 & creak+ ma*9e1 :i* is difficult to set
 9 motion3 !y  call x tak+ a ?+ s]i\sly 
:5 !y "w ) ?is ma*9e1  & want to ?9k    
well--oh1 h[ burd5some mu/ good ?9k+ be 
to !m6  ,t delightful animal1 man1 seems
 to lose 8 good-hum\r :5ev] he  ?9ks    
well2 he becomes s]i\s6 ,& :]e !re is   
laugh+ &  gaiety1 ?9k+ _c be wor?       
any?+3--s speaks ! prejudice (  ?is     
s]i\s animal aga9/ all ,joyful          
,wisdom4--,well1 !n6 ,let u %[  t x is  
prejudice6                              
#cbh4    ,do+ ,h>m to ,/upidity4--,x is 
c]ta9 t ! belief 9 !  repreh5sibility ( 
egoism1 prea*$ ) su* /ubbornness &      
conviction1 has on ! :ole done h>m to   
egoism 79 fav\r ( !  h]d-in/9ct1 z ,i   
%all repeat a hundr$ times671 especially
 by  depriv+ x ( a good consci5ce1 &    

bidd+ u seek 9 x ! true  s\rce ( all    
mis=tune4 ,?y selfi%ness is ! bane ( ?y 
life--s  rang ! prea*+ = mill5niums3 x  
did h>m1 z we h said1 to  selfi%ness1 & 
depriv$ x ( mu* _s1 mu* *e]fulness1 mu* 
+5uity1 & mu* beauty2 x /ultifi$ & de=m$
 & poison$  selfi%ness6--,philosophical 
antiquity1 on ! o!r h&1 taught t  !re 0 
ano!r pr9cipal s\rce ( evil3 f ,socrates
 d[nw>ds1 !  ?9k]s 7 nev] we>y ( prea*+ 
t y\r ?\ghtlessness &  /upidity1 y\r    
un?9k+ way ( liv+ accord+ to rule1 & y\r
  subjection to ! op9ion ( y\r neighb\r1
 are ! reasons :y y s  seldom atta9 to  
happ9ess1--we ?9k]s are1 z ?9k]s1 !     
happie/  ( mortals4 ,let u n decide "h  
:e!r ?is prea*+ aga9/  /upidity 0 m s\nd
 ?an ! prea*+ aga9/ selfi%ness2 x is    
c]ta91 h[ev]1 t /upidity 0 !reby depriv$
 ( its good  consci5ce3--^! philosoph]s 
did h>m to /upidity4                    
#cbi4    ,leisure & ,idl5ess4--,!re is  
an ,indian savag]y1 a savag]y peculi>   
to ! ,indian blood1 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !   
,am]icans /rive aft]  gold3 & !         

brea?less hurry ( _! "w--! *>act]i/ic   
vice (  ! new _w--already beg9s to      
infect old ,europe1 & makes x savage    
also1 spread+ ov] x a /range lack (     
intellectuality4 ,"o is n[  a%am$ (     
repose3 ev5 long reflection almo/ causes
 remorse (  consci5ce4 ,?9k+ is done ) a
 /op-wat*1 z d9+ is done )  ! eyes fix$ 
on ! f9ancial newspap]2 we live l m5 :o 
are  cont9ually afraid ( lett+          
opportunities slip4 ,bett] d any?+      
:atev]1 ?an no?+--?is pr9ciple also is a
 noose ) :i* all  culture & all high]   
ta/e may be /rangl$4 ,& j z all =m      
obvi\sly disappe>s 9 ?is hurry ( work]s1
 s ! s5se = =m  itself1 ! e> & ! eye = !
 melody ( movem5t1 also disappe>4  ,!   
pro( ( ?is is ! clumsy p]spicuity :i* is
 n[ ev]y:]e  dem&$ 9 all positions :]e a
 p]son w\ld l to be s9c]e )  8 fell[s1 9
 int]c\rse ) fri5ds1 wom51 relatives1   
*ildr51  tea*]s1 pupils1 lead]s &       
pr9ces1--"o has no long] ei!r "t or     
en]gy = c]emonies1 = r\ndab\t c\rtesies1
 = any esprit 9  conv]sation1 or = any  

otium :atev]4 ,= life 9 ! hunt = ga9    
cont9ually compels a p]son to consume 8 
intellect1 ev5 to  exhau/ion1 9 con/ant 
dissimulation1 ov]rea*+1 or =e/all+3  ! 
real virtue n[adays is to d some?+ 9 a  
%ort] "t ?an  ano!r p]son4 ,& s !re are 
only r>e h\rs ( s9c]e int]c\rse         
p]mitt$3 9 !m1 h[ev]1 p are tir$1 & w\ld
 n only l  to let !mselves g1 b to /ret*
 _! legs out wide 9 awkw>d  /yle4 ,! way
 p write _! lett]s n[adays is q 9 keep+ 
) ! age2 _! /yle & _s w always be ! true
 sign (  ! times4 ,if !re be /ill       
enjoym5t 9 society & 9 art1 x is        
enjoym5t su* z ov]-work$ slaves provide 
= !mselves4 ,oh1 ?is  mod]ation 9 joy ( 
our cultur$ & uncultur$ classes6 ,oh1   
?is  increas+ suspici\sness ( all       
enjoym5t6 ,"w is w9n+ ov] m  & m ! good 
consci5ce to its side3 ! desire =       
enjoym5t  already calls itself ne$ (    
recreation1 & ev5 beg9s to be a%am$  (  
itself4 ,"o owes x to "o's heal?1 p say1
 :5 !y are  caught at a picnic4 ,inde$1 
x might soon g s f> t "o c\ld n  yield  

to ! desire = ! vita contemplativa 7t is
 to say1  excursions ) ?\ghts & fri5ds71
 )\t self-contempt & a bad              
consci5ce4--,well6 ,=m]ly x 0 ! v       
rev]se3 x 0 action t  suff]$ f a bad    
consci5ce4 ,a man ( good family conceal$
 8  "w :5 ne$ compell$ him to lab\r4 ,! 
slave lab\r$ "u !  weight ( ! feel+ t he
 did some?+ contemptible3--! do+  itself
 0 some?+ contemptible4 ,only 9 otium & 
bellum is  !re nobility & hon\r3 s rang 
! voice ( anci5t prejudice6             
#ccj4    ,applause4--,! ?9k] does n ne$ 
applause nor ! clapp+ (  h&s1 provid$ he
 be sure ( ! clapp+ ( 8 own h&s3 !      
latt]1  h[ev]1 he _c d )\t4 ,are !re m5 
:o c\ld also d )\t  ?is1 & 9 g5]al )\t  
any k9d ( applause8 ,i d\bt x3 & ev5  z 
reg>ds ! wise/1 ,tacitus1 :o is no      
calumniator ( ! wise1 says3  qu&o etiam 
sapi5tibus glori cupido novissima       
exuitur--t means  ) him3 nev]4          
#cca4    ,bett] ,deaf ?an               
,deaf5$4--,=m]ly a p]son want$ to h a   
call+1 b t no long] suffices to-day1 = !

 m>ket has become  too l>ge1--!re has n[
 to be bawl+4 ,! consequ5ce is t ev5    
good ?roats outcry ea* o!r1 & ! be/ w>es
 are (f]$ = sale  ) ho>se voices2 )\t   
m>ket-place bawl+ & ho>s5ess !re is  n[ 
no long] any g5ius4--,x is1 sure en\gh1 
an evil age = !  ?9k]3 he has to le>n to
 f9d 8 /illness betwixt two noises1 &   
has to pret5d to be deaf until he f9ally
 becomes s4 ,z long z he has  n le>n$   
?is1 he is 9 dang] ( p]i%+ f impati5ce &
  heada*es4                             
#ccb4    ,! ,evil ,h\r4--,!re has p]haps
 be5 an evil h\r = e  philosoph]1 9 :i* 
he ?\ght3 ,:at d ,i matt]1 if p %\ld n  
believe my poor argum5ts6--,& !n "s     
malici\s bird has fl[n pa/  him &       
twitt]$3 ,:at d y matt]8 ,:at d y matt]8
                                        
#ccc4    ,:at does ,kn[+ ,mean8--,non   
rid]e1 non lug]e1 neque dete/>i1 s$     
intellig]e6 says ,sp9oza1 s simply &    
sublimely1 z is 8 wont4  ,nev]!less1 :at
 else is ?is intellig]e ultimately1 b j 
!  =m 9 :i* ! ?ree o!r ?+s become       

p]ceptible to u all at  once8 ,a result 
( ! div]g+ & opposite impulses ( desir+ 
to  d]ide1 lam5t & execrate8 ,be=e k is 
possible ea* ( ^!  impulses mu/ fir/ h  
br\ght =w>d its "o-sid$ view ( !  object
 or ev5t4 ,! /ruggle ( ^! "o-sid$ views 
occurs  aft]w>ds1 & out ( x !re         
occasionally arises a compromise1 a     
pacification1 a recognition ( rights on 
all ?ree sides1 a sort (  ju/ice &      
agreem5t3 = 9 virtue ( ! ju/ice &       
agreem5t all  ^? impulses c ma9ta9      
!mselves 9 exi/5ce & reta9 _!  mutual   
rights4 ,we1 to ^: consci\sness only !  
clos+  reconciliation sc5es & f9al      
settl+ ( acc\nts ( ^! long  processes   
manife/ !mselves1 ?9k on t acc\nt t     
intellig]e  is some?+ conciliat+1 j &   
good1 some?+ ess5tially  anti!tical to !
 impulses2 :]eas x is only a c]ta9      
relation (  ! impulses to "o ano!r4 ,= a
 v long "t consci\s ?9k+  0 reg>d$ z    
?9k+ prop]3 x is n[ only t ! tru? dawns 
^u u t ! great] "p ( our intellectual   
activity goes on  unconsci\sly & unfelt 

by u2 ,i believe1 h[ev]1 t ! impulses   
:i* are "h 9 mutual conflict und]/& "r  
well h[ to make  !mselves felt by "o    
ano!r1 & h[ to cause pa93--! viol5t1    
sudd5 exhau/ion :i* ov]takes all ?9k]s1 
may h its orig9 "h  7x is ! exhau/ion ( 
! battle-field74 ,aye1 p]haps 9 our     
/ruggl+ int]ior !re is mu* conceal$     
h]oism1 b c]ta9ly  no?+ div9e1 or       
et]nally-repos+-9-itself1 z ,sp9oza     
suppos$4  ,consci\s ?9k+1 & especially t
 ( ! philosoph]1 is !  weake/1 & on t   
acc\nt also ! relatively milde/ &       
quiete/  mode ( ?9k+3 & ?us x is        
precisely ! philosoph] :o is mo/  easily
 misl$ conc]n+ ! nature ( k4            
#ccd4    ,"o mu/ ,le>n to ,love4--,?is  
is our exp]i5ce 9 music3 we mu/ fir/    
le>n 9 g5]al to he>1 to he> fully1 & to 
di/+ui% a !me  or a melody1 we h to     
isolate & limit x z a life by itself2 !n
  we ne$ to ex]cise ef=t & good-w 9 ord]
 to endure x 9  spite ( its /rang5ess1  
we ne$ pati5ce t[>ds its aspect &       
expression1 & indulg5ce t[>ds :at is odd

 9 x3--9 ! end !re  comes a mom5t :5 we 
are accu/om$ to x1 :5 we expect x1 :5  x
 dawns ^u u t we %\ld miss x if x 7     
lack+2 & !n x  goes on to ex]cise its   
spell & *>m m & m1 & does n  cease until
 we h become its humble & enraptur$     
lov]s1 :o want  x1 & want x aga91 & ask 
= no?+ bett] f ! _w4--,x is  ?us ) u1   
h[ev]1 n only 9 music3 x is precisely   
?us t we  h le>n$ to love all ?+s t we  
n[ love4 ,we are always  f9ally         
recomp5s$ = our good-w1 our pati5ce1    
reasonabl5ess &  g5tl5ess t[>ds :at is  
unfamili>1 by ! unfamili> sl[ly ?r[+  (f
 its veil & pres5t+ itself to u z a new1
 ineffable  beauty3--t is its ?anks =   
our hospitality4 ,he also :o loves      
himself mu/ h le>n$ x 9 ?is way3 !re is 
no o!r way4 ,love  also has to be le>n$4
                                        
#cce4    ,*e]s = ,physics6--,h[ _m m5   
are !re :o "k h[ to obs]ve8  ,& among ! 
few :o d "k1--h[ _m obs]ve !mselves8    
,ev]yone is  fur!/ f himself--all !     
tri]s ( ! re9s "k t to _!  discom=t2 & !

 say+1 ,"k ?yself1 9 ! m\? ( a ,god &   
spok5 to man1 is almo/ a mock]y4 ,b t ! 
case (  self-obs]vation is s desp]ate1  
is atte/$ be/ ( all by ! mann]  9 :i*   
almo/ ev]ybody talks ( ! nature ( a     
moral action1 t  prompt1 will+1 conv9c$1
 loquaci\s mann]1 ) its look1 its smile1
  & its pleas+ eag]ness6 ,ev]yone seems 
incl9$ to say to y3 ,:y1  my de> ,sir1 t
 is precisely my affair6 ,y address     
y\rself )  y\r "q to him :o is au?oris$ 
to answ]1 = ,i happ5 to be  wis] ) reg>d
 to ?is matt] ?an 9 any?+ else4 ,!re=e1 
:5  a man decides t '?is is "r1' :5 he  
accord+ly concludes t  'x mu/ !re=e be  
done1' & !reupon does :at he has ?us    
recognis$ z "r & designat$ z            
necess>y--!n ! nature ( 8  action is    
moral6 ,b1 my fri5d1 y are talk+ to me  
ab\t ?ree  actions in/ead ( "o3 y\r     
decid+1 = in/ance1 t ?is is  "r1 is also
 an action1--c\ld "o n judge ei!r       
morally or  immorally8 ,:y d y reg>d    
?is1 & j ?is1 z "r8--,because  my       
consci5ce tells me s2 consci5ce nev]    

speaks immorally1 inde$ x  det]m9es 9 ! 
fir/ place :at %all be moral6--,b :y d y
  li/5 to ! voice ( y\r consci5ce8 ,& 9 
h[ f> are y  ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ su* a     
judgm5t z true & infallible8 ,?is       
belief--is !re no fur!r consci5ce = x8  
,d y "k no?+ (  an intellectual         
consci5ce8 ,a consci5ce beh9d y\r       
consci5ce8 ,y\r  decision1 ?is is "r1   
has a previ\s hi/ory 9 y\r impulses1 y\r
  likes & dislikes1 y\r exp]i5ces &     
non-exp]i5ces2 h[ has x  orig9at$8 y mu/
 ask1 & aft]w>ds ! fur!r "q3 :at  really
 impels me to give e> to x8 ,y c li/5 to
 its comm& l  a brave soldi] :o he>s !  
comm& ( 8 (fic]4 ,or l a woman  :o loves
 him :o comm&s4 ,or l a flatt]] & c[>d1 
afraid (  ! comm&]4 ,or l a blockhead :o
 foll[s because he has no?+ to  say to !
 contr>y4 ,9 %ort1 y c give e> to y\r   
consci5ce 9 a  hundr$ diff]5t ways4 ,b t
 y he> ?is or t judgm5t z !  voice (    
consci5ce1 consequ5tly1 t y feel a ?+ to
 be  "r--may h its cause 9 ! fact t y h 
nev] reflect$ ab\t  y\rself1 & h bl9dly 

accept$ f y\r *ildhood :at has be5      
designat$ to y z "r3 or 9 ! fact t      
hi!rto bread &  hon\rs h fall5 to y\r   
%>e ) t :i* y call y\r duty1--x  is "r  
to y1 because x seems to be y\r         
condition (  exi/5ce 7t y1 h[ev]1 h a "r
 to exi/5ce appe>s to  y z              
irrefutable674 ,! p]si/5cy ( y\r moral  
judgm5t might  /ill be j a pro( (       
p]sonal wret*$ness or imp]sonality2 y\r 
moral =ce might h its s\rce 9 y\r       
ob/9acy--or 9 y\r  incapacity to p]ceive
 new ideals6 ,& to be brief3 if y _h    
?\ght  m acutely1 obs]v$ m accurately1 &
 _h le>n$ m1 y w\ld  no long] "u all    
circum/ances call ?is & t y\r duty &    
y\r consci5ce3 ! k h[ moral judgm5ts h 9
 g5]al  always orig9at$1 w\ld make y    
tir$ ( ^! pa!tic words1--z y  h already 
gr[n tir$ ( o!r pa!tic words1 = in/ance 
s91  salvation1 & r$emption4--,& n[1 my 
fri5d1 d n talk to me  ab\t !           
categorical imp]ative6 ,t ^w tickles my 
e>1 & ,i mu/  laugh 9 spite ( y\r       
pres5ce & y\r s]i\sness4 ,9 ?is         

connection  ,i recollect old ,kant1 :o1 
z a puni%m5t = hav+ ga9$ possession     
surreptiti\sly ( ! ?+ 9 itself--also a v
 ludicr\s  affair6--0 impos$ ^u by !    
categorical imp]ative1 & ) t 9  8 he>t  
/ray$ back aga9 to ,god1 ! s\l1 fre$om1 
&  immortality1 l a fox :i* /rays back  
into its cage3 & x _h  be5 8 /r5g? &    
%rewdness :i* _h brok5 op5 ?is          
cage6--,:at8 ,y admire ! categorical    
imp]ative 9 y8 ,?is  p]si/5cy ( y\r     
s-call$ moral judgm5t8 ,?is absolut5ess 
( !  feel+ t z ,i ?9k on ?is matt]1 s   
mu/ ev]yone ?9k8 ,admire  r y\r         
selfi%ness !re96 ,& ! bl9dness1         
paltr9ess1 &  mode/y ( y\r selfi%ness6  
,= x is selfi%ness 9 a p]son to reg>d  8
 judgm5t z univ]sal law1 & a bl9d1      
paltry & mode/  selfi%ness besides1     
because x betrays t y h n yet discov]$  
y\rself1 t y h n yet creat$ = y\rself   
any individual1  q individual ideal3--= 
?is c\ld nev] be ! ideal ( ano!r1 to    
say no?+ ( all1 ( e "o6----,he :o /ill  
?9ks t ea* w\ld  h to act 9 ?is mann] 9 

?is case1 has n yet advanc$ half a  doz5
 paces 9 self-k3 o!rwise he w\ld "k t   
!re  nei!r are nor c be simil>          
actions1--t e action t has be5  done1   
has be5 done 9 an entirely unique &     
inimitable mann]1 &  t x w be ! same )  
reg>d to all future actions2 t all      
precepts ( conduct 7& ev5 ! mo/ esot]ic 
& subtle precepts (  all moralities up  
to ! pres5t71 apply only to ! co>se     
ext]ior1--t by means ( !m1 inde$1 a     
semblance ( equality c be  atta9$1 b    
only a semblance1--t 9 outlook or       
retrospect1 e  action is & rema9s an    
imp5etrable affair1--t our op9ions (    
good1 noble & great c nev] be demon/rat$
 by our actions1  because no action is  
cognisable1--t our op9ions1 e/imates1 & 
tables ( values are c]ta9ly among ! mo/ 
p[]ful lev]s 9 !  me*anism ( our        
actions1 t 9 e s+le case1 nev]!less1 !  
law ( _! me*anism is untraceable4 ,let u
 conf9e ourselves1  !re=e1 to !         
purification ( our op9ions &            
appreciations1 & to  ! con/ruction ( new

 tables ( value ( our own3--we w1 h[ev]1
  brood no long] ov] ! moral wor? ( our 
actions6 ,yes1 my fri5ds6  ,z reg>ds !  
:ole moral twaddle ( p ab\t "o ano!r1 x 
is  "t to be disgu/$ ) x6 ,to sit 9     
judgm5t morally ought to be  oppos$ to  
our ta/e6 ,let u leave ?is nons5se & ?is
 bad ta/e to  ^? :o h no?+ else to d1   
save to drag ! pa/ a little  di/ance    
fur!r ?r\gh "t1 & :o are nev] !mselves !
  pres5t1--consequ5tly to ! _m1 to !    
majority6 ,we1 h[ev]1 w\ld  seek to     
become :at we are1--! new1 ! unique1 !  
incomp>able1  mak+ laws = ourselves &   
creat+ ourselves6 ,& = ?is purpose  we  
mu/ become ! be/ /ud5ts & discov]]s (   
all ! laws &  necessities 9 ! _w4 ,we   
mu/ be physici/s 9 ord] to be  creators 
9 t s5se1--:]eas hi!rto all             
appreciations & ideals  h be5 bas$ on   
ignorance ( physics1 or 9 contradiction 
to x4  ,& !re=e1 ?ree *e]s = physics6 ,&
 /ill l\d] *e]s =  t :i* impels u to    
x--our hone/y4                          
#ccf4    ,av>ice ( ,nature4--,:y has    

nature be5 s nigg>dly t[>ds humanity  t 
%e has n let human be+s %9e1 ?is man m &
 t man  less1 accord+ to _! inn]        
abundance ( light8 ,:y h n great  m5 su*
 a f9e visibility 9 _! ris+ & sett+ z ! 
sun8 ,h[  mu* less equivocal w\ld life  
among m5 !n be6                         
#ccg4    ,future ,humanity4--,:5 ,i look
 at ?is age ) ! eye ( a di/ant  future1 
,i f9d no?+ s rem>kable 9 ! man ( !     
pres5t day z  8 peculi> virtue &        
sickness call$ ! hi/orical s5se4 ,x is a
  t5d5cy to some?+ q new & =eign 9      
hi/ory3 if ?is embryo  7 giv5 sev]al    
c5turies & m1 !re might f9ally evolve   
out (  x a m>vell\s plant1 ) a smell    
equally m>vell\s1 on acc\nt (  :i* our  
old e>? might be m pleasant to live 9   
?an x has be5  hi!rto4 ,we mod]ns are j 
beg9n+ to =m ! *a9 ( a v  p[]ful1 future
 s5tim5t1 l9k by l9k1--we h>dly "k :at  
we are  do+4 ,x almo/ seems to u z if x 
7 n ! "q ( a new  s5tim5t1 b ( ! decl9e 
( all old s5tim5ts3--! hi/orical  s5se  
is /ill some?+ s poor & cold1 & _m are  

attack$ by x  z by a fro/1 & are made   
poor] & cold] by x4 ,to o!rs x  appe>s z
 ! indication ( /eal?ily approa*+ age1 &
 our planet  is reg>d$ by !m z a        
melan*oly invalid1 :o1 9 ord] to =get 8 
pres5t condition1 writes ! hi/ory ( 8   
y\?4 ,9 fact1 ?is is "o  aspect ( ! new 
s5tim5t4 ,he :o kn[s h[ to reg>d !      
hi/ory (  man 9 its entirety z 8 own    
hi/ory1 feels 9 ! imm5se  g5]alisation  
all ! grief ( ! invalid :o ?9ks ( heal?1
 ( !  old man :o ?9ks ( ! dream ( 8 y\?1
 ( ! lov] :o is robb$  ( 8 belov$1 ( !  
m>tyr ^: ideal is de/roy$1 ( ! h]o on  !
 ev5+ ( ! indecisive battle :i* has     
br\ght him w\nds &  ! loss ( a fri5d4 ,b
 to be> ?is imm5se sum ( grief ( all    
k9ds1 to be able to be> x1 & yet /ill be
 ! h]o :o at !  comm5cem5t ( a second   
day ( battle greets ! dawn & 8          
happ9ess1 z "o :o has an horizon (      
c5turies be=e & beh9d him1  z ! heir (  
all nobility1 ( all pa/ intellect1 & !  
obligatory  heir 7z ! noble/7 ( all !   
old nobles2 :ile at ! same "t !  fir/ ( 

a new nobility1 ! equal ( :i* has nev]  
be5 se5 nor ev5  dreamt (3 to take all  
?is ^u 8 s\l1 ! olde/1 ! newe/1 !       
losses1 hopes1 conque/s1 & victories (  
mank9d3 to h all ?is at  la/ 9 "o s\l1 &
 to comprise x 9 "o feel+3--?is w\ld    
necess>ily furni% a happ9ess :i* man has
 n hi!rto kn[n1--a  ,god's happ9ess1    
full ( p[] & love1 full ( te>s &        
laught]1 a  happ9ess :i*1 l ! sun 9 !   
ev5+1 cont9ually gives ( its            
inexhau/ible ri*es & empties into !     
sea1--& l ! sun1 too1  feels itself     
ri*e/ :5 ev5 ! poore/ fi%]man r[s )     
gold5  o>s6 ,?is div9e feel+ might !n be
 call$--humanity6                       
#cch4    ,! ,w to ,suff]+ & !           
,compassionate4--,is x to y\r advantage 
to be above all compassionate8 ,& is x  
to ! advantage ( !  suff]]s :5 y are s8 
,b let u leave ! fir/ "q = a  mom5t )\t 
an answ]4--,t f :i* we suff] mo/        
pr(\ndly &  p]sonally is almo/          
incompreh5sible & inaccessible to e "o  
else3 9 ?is matt] we are hidd5 f our    

neighb\r ev5 :5 he eats  at ! same table
 ) u4 ,ev]y:]e1 h[ev]1 :]e we are notic$
  z suff]]s1 our suff]+ is int]pret$ 9 a
 %all[ way2 x belongs  to ! nature ( !  
emotion ( pity to dive/ unfamili> suff]+
 (  its prop]ly p]sonal "*3--our        
b5efactors l[] our value &  volition m  
?an our enemies4 ,9 mo/ b5efits :i* are 
conf]r$ on  ! un=tunate !re is some?+   
%ock+ 9 ! intellectual levity  ) :i* !  
compassionate p]son plays ! rle ( fate3 
he kn[s  no?+ ( all ! inn] consequ5ces &
 complications :i* are call$  mis=tune =
 me or = y6 ,! entire economy ( my s\l &
 its  adju/m5t by mis=tune1 ! upris+ (  
new s\rces & ne$s1 !  clos+ up ( old    
w\nds1 ! repudiation ( :ole p]iods ( !  
pa/--none ( ^! ?+s :i* may be connect$ )
 mis=tune  preoccupy ! de> sympa?is]4   
,he wi%es to succ\r1 & does n  reflect t
 !re is a p]sonal necessity = mis=tune2 
t t]ror1  want1 impov]i%m5t1 midnight   
wat*es1 adv5tures1 haz>ds & mi/akes  are
 z necess>y to me & to y z _! opposites1
 yea1 t1 to  speak my/ically1 ! pa? to  

"o's own heav5 always leads ?r\gh !     
voluptu\sness ( "o's own hell4 ,no1 he  
kn[s no?+ !re(4 ,!  religion (          
compassion 7or ! he>t7 bids him help1 & 
he ?9ks  he has help$ be/ :5 he has     
help$ mo/ spe$ily6 ,if y adh]5ts (  ?is 
religion actually h ! same s5tim5ts     
t[>ds y\rselves :i*  y h t[>ds y\r      
fell[s1 if y are unwill+ to endure y\r  
own  suff]+ ev5 = an h\r1 & cont9ually  
=e/all all possible  mis=tune1 if y     
reg>d suff]+ & pa9 g5]ally z evil1 z    
dete/able1 z des]v+ ( annihilation1 & z 
blots on exi/5ce1  well1 y h !n1 besides
 y\r religion ( compassion1 yet ano!r   
religion 9 y\r he>t 7& ?is is p]haps !  
"m ( !  =m]7--! religion ( smug ease4   
,ah1 h[ little y "k ( !  happ9ess ( man1
 y com=table & good-natur$ ones6--=     
happ9ess  & mis=tune are bro!r & si/]1 &
 tw9s1 :o gr[ tall  toge!r1 or1 z ) y1  
rema9 small toge!r6 ,b n[ let u  return 
to ! fir/ "q4--,h[ is x at all possible 
= a p]son to  keep to 8 pa?6 ,"s cry or 
o!r is cont9ually call+ "o aside3  our  

eye !n r>ely lights on any?+ )\t x      
becom+ necess>y =  u to leave = a mom5t 
our own affairs & ru% to give assi/ance4
 ,i  "k !re are hundr$s ( respectable & 
laudable me?ods ( mak+ me  /ray f my    
c\rse1 & 9 tru? ! mo/ moral ( me?ods6   
,inde$1 ! op9ion ( ! pres5t-day prea*]s 
( ! morality (  compassion goes s f> z  
to imply t j ?is1 & ?is alone is        
moral3--to /ray f our c\rse to t ext5t &
 to run to !  assi/ance ( our neighb\r4 
,i am equally c]ta9 t ,i ne$ only give  
myself ov] to ! sight ( "o case ( actual
 di/ress1 & ,i1 too1  am lo/6 ,& if a   
suff]+ fri5d said to me1 ,see1 ,i %all  
soon die1  only promise to die ) me--,i 
might promise x1 j z--to select =  once 
bad examples = good reasons--! sight ( a
 small1 m\nta9 p  /ruggl+ = fre$om1 w\ld
 br+ me to ! po9t ( (f]+ !m my  h& & my 
life4 ,inde$1 !re is ev5 a secret       
s$uction 9 all ?is  awak5+ ( compassion1
 & call+ = help3 our own way is a ?+    
too h>d & insi/5t1 & too f> remov$ f !  
love & gratitude  ( o!rs1--we escape f x

 & f our mo/ p]sonal consci5ce1 n  at   
all unwill+ly1 &1 seek+ security 9 !    
consci5ce ( o!rs1  we take refuge 9 !   
lovely temple ( ! religion ( pity4 ,z   
soon  n[ z any w> breaks out1 !re always
 breaks out at ! same "t a  c]ta9 secret
 delight precisely 9 ! noble/ class ( ! 
p3  !y ru% ) rapture to meet ! new dang]
 ( dea?1 because !y  believe t 9 !      
sacrifice = _! c\ntry !y h f9ally t     
long-s\ght-= p]mission--! p]mission to  
%irk _! aim3--w> is  = !m a det\r to    
suicide1 a det\r1 h[ev]1 ) a good       
consci5ce4  ,& al?\gh sil5t "h ab\t "s  
?+s1 ,i w n1 h[ev]1 be  sil5t ab\t my   
morality1 :i* says to me3 ,live 9       
concealm5t 9 ord]  t ?\ maye/ live to   
?yself4 ,live ignorant ( t :i* seems  to
 ?y age to be mo/ important6 ,put at    
lea/ ! sk9 ( ?ree  c5turies betwixt     
?yself & ! pres5t day6 ,& ! clam\r ( !  
pres5t day1 ! noise ( w>s & revolutions1
 ought to be a murmur to  !e6 ,?\ wilt  
also want to help1 b only ^? ^: di/ress 
?\  entirely und]/&e/1 because !y h "o  

sorr[ & "o hope  9 common ) !e--?y      
fri5ds3 & only 9 ! way t ?\  helpe/     
?yself3--,i want to make !m m c\rage\s1 
m endur+1  m simple1 m joyful6 ,i want  
to tea* !m t :i* at pres5t s  few       
und]/&1 & ! prea*]s ( fell[%ip 9 sorr[  
lea/ (  all3--namely1 fell[%ip 9 joy6   
#cci4    ,vita fem9a4--,to see !        
ultimate beauties 9 a "w--all k &       
good-w is n en\gh2 x requires ! r>e/1   
good *ance = !  veil ( cl\ds to move =  
once f ! summits1 & = ! sun to  %9e on  
!m4 ,we mu/ n only /& at precisely ! "r 
place to  see ?is1 our v s\l itself mu/ 
h pull$ away ! veil f its  heights1 &   
mu/ be 9 ne$ ( an ext]nal expression &  
simile1 s z  to h a support & rema9 ma/]
 ( itself4 ,all ^!1 h[ev]1 are  s r>ely 
unit$ at ! same "t t ,i am incl9$ to    
believe t !  highe/ summit ( all t is   
good1 be x "w1 de$1 man1 or nature1  has
 hi!rto rema9$ = mo/ p1 & ev5 = ! be/1 z
  some?+ conceal$ & %r\d$3--t1 h[ev]1   
:i* unveils itself to  u1 unveils itself
 to u b once4 ,! ,greeks inde$ pray$3   

,twice  & ?rice1 ev]y?+ beautiful6 ,ah1 
!y _h _! good reason to  call on !      
,gods1 = ungodly actuality does n furni%
 u ) !  beautiful at all1 or only does s
 once6 ,i mean to say t ! _w is  ov]full
 ( beautiful ?+s1 b x is nev]!less poor1
 v poor1 9  beautiful mom5ts1 & 9 !     
unveil+ ( ^? beautiful ?+s4 ,b  p]haps  
?is is ! greate/ *>m ( life3 x puts a   
gold-embroid]$  veil ( lovely           
pot5tialities ov] itself1 promis+1      
resi/+1 mode/1  mock+1 sympa!tic1       
s$uctive4 ,yes1 life is a woman6        
#cdj4    ,! ,dy+ ,socrates4--,i admire !
 c\rage & wisdom ( ,socrates 9 all  t he
 did1 said--& did n say4 ,?is mock+ &   
amor\s demon &  rat-cat*] ( ,a!ns1 :o   
made ! mo/ insol5t y\?s tremble & sob  0
 n only ! wise/ babbl] t has ev] liv$1 b
 0 j z  great 9 8 sil5ce4 ,i w\ld t he  
_h also be5 sil5t 9 ! la/  mom5t ( 8    
life1--p]haps he might !n h belong$ to a
 /ill  high] ord] ( intellects4 ,:e!r x 
0 dea?1 or ! poison1 or  piety1 or      
wick$ness--some?+ or o!r loos5$ 8 tongue

 at t  mom5t1 & he said3 ,o ,crito1 ,i  
owe a cock to ,asclepios4 ,= him :o  has
 e>s1 ?is ludicr\s & t]rible la/ ^w     
implies3 ,o ,crito1  life is a long     
sickness6 ,is x possible6 ,a man l him1 
:o _h  liv$ *e]fully & to all appe>ance 
z a soldi]1--0 a pessimi/6 ,he  _h m]ely
 put on a good demean\r t[>ds life1 & _h
 all along  conceal$ 8 ultimate judgm5t1
 8 pr(\nde/ s5tim5t6 ,socrates1         
,socrates _h suff]$ f life6 ,& he also  
took 8 rev5ge =  x--) t veil$1 fe>ful1  
pi\s1 & blasphem\s phrase6 ,_h ev5 a    
,socrates to rev5ge himself8 ,0 !re a   
gra9 too little ( magnanimity  9 8      
sup]abundant virtue8 ,ah1 my fri5ds6 ,we
 mu/ surpass ev5 !  ,greeks6            
#cda4    ,! ,heavie/ ,burd54--,:at if a 
demon crept aft] !e into ?y  lonelie/   
lonel9ess "s day or night1 & said to !e3
 ,?is life1 z  ?\ live/ x at pres5t1 &  
ha/ liv$ x1 ?\ mu/ live x once  m1 &    
also innum]able times2 & !re w be no?+  
new 9 x1  b e pa9 & e joy & e ?\ght & e 
sigh1 & all  ! unspeakably small & great

 9 ?y life mu/ come to !e aga91 &  all 9
 ! same s]ies & sequ5ce--& simil>ly ?is 
spid] & ?is  moonlight among ! trees1 & 
simil>ly ?is mom5t1 & ,i myself4 ,!     
et]nal s&-glass ( exi/5ce w ev] be turn$
 once m1 & ?\  ) x1 ?\ speck (          
du/6--,w\ld/ ?\ n ?r[ ?yself d[n &  gna%
 ?y tee?1 & curse ! demon t s spake8 ,or
 ha/ ?\ once  exp]i5c$ a trem5d\s mom5t 
9 :i* ?\ w\ld/ answ] him3 ,?\  art a    
,god1 & nev] did ,i he> aught m div9e6  
,if t ?\ght  acquir$ p[] ov] !e1 z ?\   
art1 x w\ld trans=m !e1 &  p]haps cru%  
!e2 ! "q ) reg>d to all & ev]y?+3  ,do/ 
?\ want ?is once m1 & also = innum]able 
times8 w\ld  lie z ! heavie/ burd5 ^u ?y
 activity6 ,or1 h[ w\ld/ ?\ h  to become
 fav\rably incl9$ to ?yself & to life1 s
 z to long =  no?+ m ard5tly ?an = ?is  
la/ et]nal sanction+ &  seal+8--        
#cdb4    ,incipit ,tragdia4--,:5        
,z>a?u/ra 0 ?irty ye>s old1 he left 8   
home & ! ,lake ( ,urmi1 & w5t into !    
m\nta9s4 ,!re he enjoy$  8 _s & 8       
solitude1 & = t5 ye>s did n we>y ( x4 ,b

  at la/ 8 he>t *ang$1--& ris+ "o morn+ 
) ! rosy dawn1 he  w5t be=e ! sun &     
spake ?us unto x3 ,?\ great />6 ,:at    
w\ld  be ?y happ9ess if ?\ had/ n ^? =  
:om ?\ %9e/6 ,= t5  ye>s ha/ ?\ climb$  
hi!r unto my cave3 ?\ w\ld/ h we>i$  (  
?y light & ( ! j\rney1 _h x n be5 = me1 
m9e eagle1 &  my s]p5t4 ,b we await$ !e 
e morn+1 took f !e ?9e  ov]fl[1 & bless$
 !e = x4 ,lo6 ,i am we>y ( my wisdom1 l 
!  bee t ha? ga!r$ too mu* honey2 ,i ne$
 h&s out/ret*$ to take  x4 ,i w\ld fa9  
be/[ & di/ribute1 until ! wise h once m 
become joy\s 9 _! folly1 & ! poor happy 
9 _! ri*es4  ,!re=e mu/ ,i desc5d into !
 deep1 z ?\ doe/ 9 ! ev5+1  :5 ?\ goe/  
beh9d ! sea & give/ light also to !     
ne!r-_w1 ?\ mo/ ri* />6 ,l !e mu/ ,i g  
d[n1 z m5  say1 to :om ,i %all desc5d4  
,bless me !n1 ?\ tranquil eye1 t  can/  
behold ev5 ! greate/ happ9ess )\t envy6 
,bless ! cup  t is ab\t to ov]fl[1 t !  
wat] may fl[ gold5 out ( x1 &  c>ry     
ev]y:]e ! reflection ( ?y bliss6 ,lo6   
,?is cup is aga9  go+ to empty itself1 &

 ,z>a?u/ra is aga9 go+ to be a          
man4--,?us  began ,z>a?u/ra's d[n-go+4  
-----    ,footnote #aj3      ,!         
di/9ction betwe5 e?os & pa?os 9         
,ari/otle is1 broadly1    t betwe5      
int]nal "* & ext]nal circum/ance4--,p4  
,v4 ,c4                                 
,,book ,,fif?                           
,,we ,,fe>less ,,ones                   
,c>casse1 tu trembles8 ,tu              
trembl]ais bi5 davantage1 si            
tu savais1 o je te mne4--               
,tur5ne4                                
#cdc4    ,:at our ,*e]fulness           
,signifies4--,! mo/ important ( m rec5t 
ev5ts--t ,god is dead1 t ! belief 9 !   
,*ri/ian ,god has  become unwor?y (     
belief--already beg9s to ca/ its fir/   
%ad[s ov]  ,europe4 ,to ! few at lea/ ^:
 eye1 ^: suspect+ glance1 is  /rong     
en\gh & subtle en\gh = ?is drama1 "s sun
 seems to h  set1 "s old1 pr(\nd        
confid5ce seems to h *ang$ into d\bt3   
our  old _w mu/ seem to !m daily m      
d>ksome1 di/ru/ful1 /range  & old4 ,9 ! 

ma91 h[ev]1 "o may say t ! ev5t itself  
is  f> too great1 too remote1 too mu*   
beyond mo/ p's p[] (  appreh5sion1 = "o 
to suppose t s mu* z ! report ( x c\ld  
h rea*$ !m2 n to speak ( _m :o already  
knew :at _h  really tak5 place1 & :at   
mu/ all collapse n[ t ?is belief _h  be5
 und]m9$1--because s mu* 0 built ^u x1 s
 mu* re/$ on  x1 & _h become "o ) x3 =  
example1 our entire ,european  morality4
 ,?is l5g?y1 va/ & un9t]rupt$ process ( 
crumbl+1  de/ruction1 ru9 & ov]?r[ :i*  
is n[ imm95t3 :o has realis$  x         
suffici5tly to-day to h to /& up z !    
tea*] & h]ald (  su* a trem5d\s logic ( 
t]ror1 z ! prophet ( a p]iod ( gloom  & 
eclipse1 ! l ( :i* has probably nev]    
tak5 place on e>?  be=e8444 ,ev5 we1 !  
born riddle-read]s1 :o wait z x 7 on !  
m\nta9s po/$ 'twixt to-day & to-morr[1 &
 engirt by _!  contradiction1 we1 !     
fir/l+s & premature *ildr5 ( ! com+     
c5tury1 into ^: sight especially ! %ad[s
 :i* mu/ =?)  envelop ,europe %\ld      
already h come--h[ is x t ev5 we1  )\t  

g5u9e sympa?y = ?is p]iod ( gloom1      
contemplate its  adv5t )\t any p]sonal  
solicitude or fe>8 ,are we /ill1 p]haps1
  too mu* "u ! imm$iate effects ( !     
ev5t--& are ^!  effects1 especially z   
reg>ds ourselves1 p]haps ! rev]se ( :at 
0 to be expect$--n at all sad &         
depress+1 b r l a new  & indescribable  
v>iety ( light1 happ9ess1 relief1       
enliv5m5t1  enc\ragem5t1 & dawn+ day8444
 ,9 fact1 we philosoph]s & free  spirits
 feel ourselves irradiat$ z by a new    
dawn by ! report t  ! old ,god is dead2 
our he>ts ov]fl[ ) gratitude1 a/oni%m5t1
  pres5tim5t & expectation4 ,at la/ !   
horizon seems op5 once m1  grant+ ev5 t 
x is n bright2 our %ips c at la/ put out
 to  sea 9 face ( e dang]2 e haz>d is   
aga9 p]mitt$ to !  disc]n]2 ! sea1 our  
sea1 aga9 lies op5 be=e u2 p]haps nev]  
be=e did su* an op5 sea exi/4--         
#cdd4    ,to :at ,ext5t ev5 ,we are /ill
 ,pi\s4--,x is said ) good reason  t    
convictions h no civic rights 9 ! doma9 
( sci5ce3 x is  only :5 a conviction    

volunt>ily condesc5ds to ! mode/y ( an  
hypo!sis1 a prelim9>y /&po9t = exp]im5t1
 or a regulative  fiction1 t its access 
to ! realm ( k1 & a c]ta9 value  !re91 c
 be conc$$1--always1 h[ev]1 ) !         
re/riction t x  mu/ rema9 "u police     
sup]vision1 "u ! police ( our           
di/ru/4--,reg>d$ m accurately1 h[ev]1   
does n ?is imply t  only :5 a conviction
 ceases to be a conviction c x obta9    
admission into sci5ce8 ,does n !        
discipl9e ( ! sci5tific _s  j comm5ce :5
 "o no long] h>b\rs any conviction8444  
,x is  probably s3 only1 x rema9s to be 
ask$ :e!r1 9 ord] t ?is  discipl9e may  
comm5ce1 x is n necess>y t !re %\ld     
already  be a conviction1 & 9 fact "o s 
imp]ative & absolute1 t x  makes a      
sacrifice ( all o!r convictions4 ,"o    
sees t sci5ce also  re/s on a belief3   
!re is no sci5ce at all )\t premises4 ,!
  "q :e!r tru? is necess>y1 mu/ n m]ely 
be affirm$  be=eh&1 b mu/ be affirm$ to 
su* an ext5t t ! pr9ciple1  belief1 or  
conviction f9ds expression1 t !re is    

no?+ m  necess>y ?an tru?1 & 9 comp>ison
 ) x ev]y?+ else has  only a second>y   
value4--,?is absolute w to tru?3 :at is 
x8 ,is x  ! w n to all[ ourselves to be 
deceiv$8 ,is x ! w n to  deceive8 ,= ! w
 to tru? c\ld also be int]pret$ 9 ?is   
fa%ion1 provid$ "o includes "u !        
g5]alisation1 ,i w n  deceive1 ! special
 case1 ,i w n deceive myself4 ,b :y n   
deceive8 ,:y n all[ oneself to be       
deceiv$8--,let x be not$ t !  reasons = 
! =m] ev5tuality belong to a category q 
diff]5t  f ^? = ! latt]3 "o does n want 
to be deceiv$ oneself1  "u ! supposition
 t x is injuri\s1 dang]\s1 or fatal to  
be  deceiv$1--9 ?is s5se sci5ce w\ld be 
a prolong$ process ( caution1  =esight &
 utility2 aga9/ :i*1 h[ev]1 "o might    
reasonably make  objections4 ,:at8 is   
n-wi%+-to-be-deceiv$ really less        
injuri\s1  less dang]\s1 less fatal8    
,:at d y "k ( ! "* (  exi/5ce 9 all its 
phases to be able to decide :e!r !      
great]  advantage is on ! side (        
absolute di/ru/1 or ( absolute          

tru/fulness8 ,9 case1 h[ev]1 ( bo? be+  
necess>y1 mu* tru/+  & mu* di/ru/+1 :5ce
 !n %\ld sci5ce d]ive ! absolute        
belief1 ! conviction on :i* x re/s1 t   
tru? is m important  ?an any?+ else1 ev5
 ?an e o!r conviction8 ,?is conviction  
c\ld n h aris5 if tru? & untru? _h bo?  
cont9ually prov$  !mselves to be useful3
 z is ! case4 ,?us--! belief 9 sci5ce1  
:i* n[ und5iably exi/s1 _c h _h its     
orig9 9 su* a  utilit>ian calculation1 b
 r 9 spite ( ! fact ( !  inutility &    
dang]\sness ( ! ,w to tru?1 ( tru? at   
all  co/s1 be+ cont9ually demon/rat$4   
,at all co/s3 alas1 we  und]/& t        
suffici5tly well1 aft] hav+ sacrific$ & 
slaught]$ "o belief aft] ano!r at ?is   
alt>6--,consequ5tly1 ,w  to tru? does n 
imply1 ,i w n all[ myself to be deceiv$1
  b--!re is no o!r alt]native--,i w n   
deceive1 n ev5 myself3  & ?us we h rea*$
 ! realm ( morality4 ,=1 let "o j ask   
oneself fairly3 ,:y wilt ?\ n deceive8  
especially if x %\ld  seem--& x does    
seem--z if life 7 laid out ) a view to  

appe>ance1 ,i mean1 ) a view to error1  
deceit1 dissimulation1  delusion1       
self-delusion2 & :5 on ! o!r h& x is a  
matt] (  fact t ! great type ( life has 
always manife/$ itself on !  side ( !   
mo/ unscrupul\s 4 ,su* an int5tion might
  p]haps1 to express x mildly1 be a     
piece ( ,quixotism1 a little  en?usia/ic
 craz9ess2 x might also1 h[ev]1 be      
some?+ worse1  namely1 a de/ructive     
pr9ciple1 ho/ile to life4444 ,w to      
,tru?1--t might be a conceal$ ,w to     
,dea?4--,?us ! "q1 ,:y  is !re sci5ce8  
leads back to ! moral problem3 ,:at 9   
g5]al is  ! purpose ( morality1 if life1
 nature1 & hi/ory are non-moral8  ,!re  
is no d\bt t ! consci5ti\s man 9 ! d>+ &
 extreme  s5se 9 :i* he is presuppos$ by
 ! belief 9 sci5ce1 affirms  !reby a _w 
o!r ?an t ( life1 nature1 & hi/ory2 & 9 
s  f> z he affirms ?is o!r _w1 :at8 mu/ 
he n j  !reby--d5y its c\nt]p>t1 ?is _w1
 our _w8444 ,b :at ,i  h 9 view w n[ be 
und]/ood1 namely1 t x is always a       
metaphysical belief on :i* our belief 9 

sci5ce re/s1--& t  ev5 we kn[+ ones (   
to-day1 ! godless & anti-metaphysical1  
/ill  take our fire f ! conflagration   
k9dl$ by a belief a mill5nium  old1 !   
,*ri/ian belief1 :i* 0 also ! belief (  
,plato1 t ,god  is tru?1 t ! tru? is    
div9e4444 ,b :at if ?is itself always   
becomes m untru/wor?y1 :at if no?+ any  
long] proves itself  div9e1 except x be 
error1 bl9dness1 & falsehood2--:at if   
,god  himself turns out to be our mo/   
p]si/5t lie8--                          
#cde4    ,morality z a ,problem4--,a    
defect 9 p]sonality rev5ges itself      
ev]y:]e3 an enfeebl$1 lank1 oblit]at$1  
self-disav[+ &  dis[n+ p]sonality is no 
long] fit = any?+ good--x is lea/ (  all
 fit = philosophy4 ,selflessness has no 
value ei!r 9 heav5 or  on e>?2 ! great  
problems all dem& great love1 & x is    
only !  /rong1 well-r\nd$1 secure       
spirits1 ^? :o h a solid basis1 t  are  
qualifi$ = !m4 ,x makes ! mo/ mat]ial   
diff]5ce :e!r a  ?9k] /&s p]sonally     
relat$ to 8 problems1 hav+ 8 fate1 8    

ne$1 & ev5 8 highe/ happ9ess !re92 or   
m]ely imp]sonally1  t is to say1 if he c
 only feel & grasp !m ) ! t5tacles (    
cold1 pry+ ?\ght4 ,9 ! latt] case ,i    
w>rant t no?+ comes (  x3 = ! great     
problems1 grant+ t !y let !mselves be   
grasp$  at all1 d n let !mselves be held
 by toads & weakl+s3 t has  ev] be5 _!  
ta/e--a ta/e also :i* !y %>e ) all      
high-spirit$ wom54--,h[ is x t ,i h n   
yet met ) any "o1 n  ev5 9 books1 :o    
seems to h /ood to morality 9 ?is       
position1 z  "o :o knew morality z a    
problem1 & ?is problem z 8 own  p]sonal 
ne$1 affliction1 pleasure & passion8 ,x 
is obvi\s t up  to ! pres5t morality has
 n be5 a problem at all2 x has r  be5 ! 
v gr\nd on :i* p h met1 aft] all di/ru/1
  diss5sion1 & contradiction1 ! hall[$  
place ( peace1 :]e  ?9k]s c\ld obta9 re/
 ev5 f !mselves1 c\ld recov] brea?  &   
revive4 ,i see no "o :o has v5tur$ to   
criticise ! e/imates  ( moral wor?4 ,i  
miss 9 ?is connection ev5 ! attempts (  
sci5tific curiosity1 & ! fa/idi\s1 grop+

 imag9ation (  psy*ologi/s & hi/orians1 
:i* easily anticipates a problem &      
cat*es x on ! w+1 )\t rightly kn[+ :at x
 cat*es4 ,)  difficulty ,i h discov]$ "s
 scanty data = ! purpose (  furni%+ a   
hi/ory ( ! orig9 ( ^! feel+s & e/imates 
(  value 7:i* is some?+ diff]5t f a     
criticism ( !m1 & also  some?+ diff]5t f
 a hi/ory ( e?ical sy/ems74 ,9 an       
individual  case1 ,i h done ev]y?+ to   
enc\rage ! incl9ation & tal5t =  ?is k9d
 ( hi/ory--9 va91 z x w\ld seem to me at
 pres5t4 ,!re  is little to be le>n$ f  
^? hi/orians ( morality 7especially     
,engli%m573 !y !mselves are usually1 q  
unsuspici\sly1 "u  ! influ5ce ( a       
def9ite morality1 & act unwitt+ly z its 
arm\r-be>]s & foll[]s--p]haps /ill      
repeat+ s9c]ely !  popul> sup]/ition (  
,*ri/ian ,europe1 t ! *>act]i/ic (      
moral action consi/s 9 abnegation1      
self-d5ial1 self-sacrifice1 or 9        
fell[-feel+ & fell[-suff]+4 ,! usual    
error 9 _! premises  is _! insi/5ce on a
 c]ta9 cons5sus among human be+s1 at    

lea/ among civilis$ human be+s1 ) reg>d 
to c]ta9 propositions  ( morality1 & f  
!nce !y conclude t ^! propositions are  
absolutely b9d+ ev5 ^u y & me2 or       
rev]sely1 !y come to !  conclusion t no 
morality at all is b9d+1 aft] ! tru? has
  dawn$ ^u !m t to diff]5t peoples moral
 valuations are  necess>ily diff]5t3 bo?
 ( :i* conclusions are equally *ildi%   
follies4 ,! error ( ! m subtle among/ !m
 is t !y discov]  & criticise ! probably
 fooli% op9ions ( a p ab\t its own      
morality1 or ! op9ions ( mank9d ab\t    
human morality g5]ally2  !y treat       
accord+ly ( its orig91 its religi\s     
sanctions1 !  sup]/ition ( free w1 & su*
 matt]s2 & !y ?9k t j by  s do+ !y h    
criticis$ ! morality itself4 ,b ! wor? (
 a  precept1 ,?\ %alt1 is /ill          
fundam5tally diff]5t f &  indep5d5t (   
su* op9ions ab\t x1 & mu/ be di/+ui%$ f 
! we$s ( error ) :i* x has p]haps be5   
ov]gr[n3 j z !  wor? ( a m$ic9e to a    
sick p]son is altoge!r indep5d5t ( !  "q
 :e!r he has a sci5tific op9ion ab\t    

m$ic9e1 or m]ely  ?9ks ab\t x z an old  
wife w\ld d4 ,a morality c\ld ev5 h     
gr[n out ( an error3 b ) ?is k ! problem
 ( its  wor? w\ld n ev5 be t\*$4--,?us1 
no "o has hi!rto te/$ !  value ( t mo/  
celebrat$ ( all m$ic9es1 call$ morality3
 =  :i* purpose x is fir/ ( all necess>y
 = "o--to call x 9  "q4 ,well1 t is j   
our "w4--                               
#cdf4    ,our ,note ( ,int]rogation4--,b
 y don't und]/& x8 ,z a matt] (  fact1  
an ef=t w be necess>y 9 ord] to und]/&  
u4 ,we seek =  words2 we seek p]haps    
also = e>s4 ,:o are we aft] all8 ,if we 
want$  simply to call ourselves 9 old]  
phraseology1 a!i/s1 unbeliev]s1 or  ev5 
immorali/s1 we %\ld /ill be f> f ?9k+   
ourselves  designat$ !reby3 we are all  
?ree 9 too late a phase = p  g5]ally to 
conceive1 = y1 my inquisitive fri5ds1 to
 be able to  conceive1 :at is our /ate (
 m9d "u ! circum/ances4 ,no6 we h  no   
long] ! bitt]ness & passion ( him :o has
 brok5 loose1 :o  has to make = himself 
a belief1 a goal1 & ev5 a m>tyrdom out (

  8 unbelief6 ,we h become saturat$ ) ! 
conviction 7& h  gr[n cold & h>d 9 x7 t 
?+s are n at all div9ely ord]$  9 ?is   
_w1 nor ev5 accord+ to human /&>ds d !y 
g on  rationally1 m]cifully1 or ju/ly3  
we "k ! fact t ! _w 9  :i* we live is   
ungodly1 immoral1 & inhuman1--we h f>   
too long  int]pret$ x to ourselves      
falsely & m5daci\sly1 accord+ to !  wi% 
& w ( our v5]ation1 t is to say1 accord+
 to our  ne$4 ,= man is a v5]at+ animal6
 ,b he is also a di/ru/ful  animal3 & t 
! _w is n wor? :at we h believ$ x to be 
wor? is ab\t ! sure/ ?+ our di/ru/ has  
at la/ manag$ to  grasp4 ,s mu* di/ru/1 
s mu* philosophy6 ,we take good c>e n to
  say t ! _w is ( less value3 x seems to
 u at pres5t  absolutely ridicul\s :5   
man claims to devise values to surpass !
  values ( ! actual _w1--x is precisely 
f t po9t t we h  retrac$ our /eps2 z f  
an extravagant error ( human conceit &  
irrationality1 :i* = a long p]iod has n 
be5 recognis$ z su*4  ,?is error _h its 
la/ expression 9 mod]n ,pessimism2 an   

old] &  /rong] manife/ation 9 ! tea*+ ( 
,buddha2 b ,*ri/ianity also  conta9s x1 
m dubi\sly1 to be sure1 & m ambigu\sly1 
b none  ! less s$uctive on t acc\nt4 ,! 
:ole attitude ( man v]sus  ! _w1 man z  
_w-d5y+ pr9ciple1 man z ! /&>d ( !      
value ( ?+s1 z judge ( ! _w1 :o 9 ! end 
puts exi/5ce  itself on 8 scales & f9ds 
x too light--! mon/r\s imp]t95ce  ( ?is 
attitude has dawn$ ^u u z su*1 & has    
disgu/$ u1--we  n[ laugh :5 we f9d1 ,man
 & ,_w plac$ beside "o ano!r1  sep>at$  
by ! sublime presumption ( ! little ^w  
&6 ,b h[  is x8 ,h we n 9 our v laugh+ j
 made a fur!r /ep 9  despis+ mank9d8 ,& 
consequ5tly also 9 ,pessimism1 9 despis+
 !  exi/5ce cognisable by u8 ,h we n j  
!reby become liable to  a suspicion ( an
 opposition betwe5 ! _w 9 :i* we h      
hi!rto  be5 at home ) our v5]ations--= !
 sake ( :i* we p]haps  endure life--&   
ano!r _w :i* we ourselves are3 an       
inexorable1  radical1 mo/ pr(\nd        
suspicion conc]n+ ourselves1 :i* is     
cont9ually gett+ u ,europeans m annoy+ly

 into its p[]1 &  c\ld easily face !    
com+ g5]ation ) ! t]rible alt]native3   
,ei!r d away ) y\r v5]ations1 or--)     
y\rselves6 ,! latt]  w\ld be            
,nihilism--b w\ld n ! =m] also be       
,nihilism8 ,?is is  our note (          
int]rogation4                           
#cdg4    ,believ]s & _! ,ne$ (          
,belief4--,h[ mu* fai? a p]son requires 
9 ord] to fl\ri%1 h[ mu* fix$ op9ion he 
requires :i* he does  n wi% to h %ak51  
because he holds himself !reby--is a    
measure  ( 8 p[] 7or m pla9ly speak+1 ( 
8 weakness74 ,mo/ p 9  old ,europe1 z x 
seems to me1 /ill ne$ ,*ri/ianity at    
pres5t1 &  on t acc\nt x /ill f9ds      
belief4 ,= su* is man3 a !ological      
dogma might be refut$ to him a ?\s&     
times1--provid$1 h[ev]1 t  he _h ne$ (  
x1 he w\ld aga9 & aga9 accept x z       
true1--accord+ to ! fam\s pro( ( p[] (  
:i* ! ,bible  speaks4 ,"s h /ill ne$ (  
metaphysics2 b also ! impati5t  long+ = 
c]ta9ty :i* at pres5t dis*>ges itself 9 
sci5tific1 positivi/ fa%ion among l>ge  

numb]s ( ! p1 !  long+ by all means to  
get at some?+ /able 7:ile on acc\nt ( ! 
w>m? ( ! long+ ! e/abli%+ ( ! c]ta9ty is
 m  leisurely & neglig5tly und]tak573   
ev5 ?is is /ill ! long+  = a hold1 a    
support2 9 %ort1 ! in/9ct ( weakness1   
:i*1  :ile n actually creat+ religions1 
metaphysics1 & convictions (  all k9ds1 
nev]!less--pres]ves !m4 ,9 fact1 ar\nd  
all ^!  positivi/ sy/ems !re fume !     
vap\rs ( a c]ta9 pessimi/ic  gloom1     
some?+ ( we>9ess1 fatalism1             
disillusionm5t1 & fe> (  new            
disillusionm5t--or else manife/         
animosity1 ill-hum\r1 an>*ic            
exasp]ation1 & :atev] !re is ( symptom  
or masqu]ade ( !  feel+ ( weakness4 ,ev5
 ! read9ess ) :i* our clev]e/           
contempor>ies get lo/ 9 wret*$ corn]s & 
alleys1 = example1 9  ,vat]lnd]ei 7s ,i 
designate ,j+oism1 call$ *auv9isme 9    
,france1  & deuts* 9 ,g]many71 or 9     
petty /hetic cre$s 9 ! mann]  ( ,p>isian
 naturalisme 7:i* only br+s into        
prom95ce &  uncov]s t aspect ( nature   

:i* excites simultane\sly disgu/  &     
a/oni%m5t--!y l at pres5t to call ?is   
aspect la vrit  vraie71 or 9 ,nihilism 9
 ! ,/ ,pet]sburg /yle 7t is to say1 9  !
 belief 9 unbelief1 ev5 to m>tyrdom =   
x73--?is %[s always  & above all ! ne$ (
 belief1 support1 backbone1 &           
buttress4444  ,belief is always mo/     
desir$1 mo/ press+ly ne$$ :]e !re is a  
lack ( w3 = ! w1 z emotion ( comm&1 is !
 di/+ui%+  *>act]i/ic ( sov]eignty &    
p[]4 ,t is to say1 ! less a  p]son kn[s 
h[ to comm&1 ! m urg5t is 8 desire = "o 
:o  comm&s1 :o comm&s /]nly1--a ,god1 a 
pr9ce1 a ca/e1 a physician1 a           
confessor1 a dogma1 a p>ty consci5ce4 ,f
 :5ce p]haps x c\ld be  inf]r$ t ! two  
_w-religions1 ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity1  
might  well h _h ! cause ( _! rise1 &   
especially ( _! rapid  ext5sion1 9 an   
extraord9>y malady ( ! w4 ,& 9 tru? x   
has  be5 s3 bo? religions light$ ^u a   
long+1 mon/r\sly exagg]at$  by malady ( 
! w1 = an imp]ative1 a ,?\-%alt1 a long+
  go+ ! l5g? ( despair2 bo? religions 7 

tea*]s ( fanaticism  9 times ( slackness
 ( w-p[]1 & !reby (f]$ to innum]able    
p]sons a support1 a new possibility (   
ex]cis+ w1 an enjoym5t 9  will+4 ,= 9   
fact fanaticism is ! sole volitional    
/r5g? to  :i* ! weak & irresolute c be  
excit$1 z a sort ( hypnotis+  ( ! entire
 s5sory-intellectual sy/em1 9 fav\r ( ! 
ov]-abundant nutrition 7hyp]trophy7 ( a 
p>ticul> po9t ( view &  a p>ticul>      
s5tim5t1 :i* !n dom9ates--! ,*ri/ian    
calls x 8  fai?4 ,:5 a man arrives at ! 
fundam5tal conviction t he  requires to 
be comm&$1 he becomes a believ]4        
,rev]sely1 "o  c\ld imag9e a delight & a
 p[] ( self-det]m9+1 & a fre$om  ( w    
:]eby a _s c\ld bid f>ewell to e belief1
 to e  wi% = c]ta9ty1 accu/om$ z x w\ld 
be to support itself on  sl5d] cords &  
possibilities1 & to dance ev5 on ! v]ge 
(  abysses4 ,su* a _s w\ld be ! free _s 
p> excell5ce4                           
#cdh4    ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,le>n$4--,! le>n$
 man 9 ,europe gr[s out ( all  ! diff]5t
 ranks & social conditions1 l a plant   

requir+ no  specific soil3 on t acc\nt  
he belongs ess5tially & involunt>ily  to
 ! p>tisans ( democratic ?\ght4 ,b ?is  
orig9 betrays itself4  ,if "o has tra9$ 
"o's glance to "s ext5t to recognise 9 a
 le>n$  book or sci5tific treatise !    
intellectual idiosyncrasy ( !  le>n$    
man--all ( !m h su* idiosyncrasy1--& if 
we take x by  surprise1 we %all almo/   
always get a glimpse beh9d x ( !        
antec$5t hi/ory ( ! le>n$ man & 8       
family1 especially (  ! nature ( _!     
call+s & occupations4 ,:]e ! feel+ f9ds 
expression1 ,t is at la/ prov$1 ,i am n[
 done ) x1 x is  commonly ! ance/or 9 ! 
blood & in/9cts ( ! le>n$ man t         
approves ( ! accompli%$ "w 9 ! nook f   
:i* he sees  ?+s2--! belief 9 ! pro( is 
only an indication ( :at has be5  look$ 
^u = ages by a labori\s family z good   
"w4 ,take an  example3 ! sons ( regi/r>s
 & (fice-cl]ks ( e k9d1 ^:  ma9 task has
 always be5 to arrange a v>iety (       
mat]ial1 di/ribute  x 9 draw]s1 &       
sy/ematise x g5]ally1 ev9ce1 :5 !y      

become  le>n$ m51 an incl9ation to reg>d
 a problem z almo/ solv$ :5  !y h       
sy/ematis$ x4 ,!re are philosoph]s :o   
are at bottom  no?+ b sy/ematis+        
bra9s--! =mal "p ( ! pat]nal  occupation
 has become its ess5ce to !m4 ,! tal5t =
  classifications1 = tables (           
categories1 betrays some?+2 x is n  =   
no?+ t a p]son is ! *ild ( 8 p>5ts4 ,!  
son ( an  advocate w also h to be an    
advocate z inve/igator3 he seeks z a    
fir/ consid]ation1 to c>ry ! po9t 9 8   
case1 z a second  consid]ation1 he      
p]haps seeks to be 9 ! "r4 ,"o          
recognises !  sons ( ,prote/ant cl]gym5 
& s*oolma/]s by ! nave assurance  ) :i* 
z le>n$ m5 !y already assume _! case to 
be prov$1  :5 x has b be5 pres5t$ by !m 
/aun*ly & w>mly3 !y are  ?or\ghly       
accu/om$ to p believ+ 9 !m1--x belong$  
to  _! fa!rs' trade6 ,a ,jew1           
contr>iwise1 9 accordance ) 8  bus9ess  
surr\nd+s & ! pa/ ( 8 race1 is lea/ (   
all  accu/om$--to p believ+ him4 ,obs]ve
 ,jewi% s*ol>s ) reg>d  to ?is          

matt]1--!y all lay great /ress on logic1
 t is to say1 on  compell+ ass5t by     
means ( reasons2 !y "k t !y mu/  conqu] 
!reby1 ev5 :5 race & class antipa?y is  
aga9/ !m1  ev5 :]e p are unwill+ to     
believe !m4 ,= 9 fact1 no?+ is  m       
democratic ?an logic3 x kn[s no respect 
( p]sons1 & takes  ev5 ! crook$ nose z  
/raight4 7,9 pass+ we may rem>k t 9     
respect to logical ?9k+1 9 respect to   
clean] intellectual  habits1 ,europe is 
n a little indebt$ to ! ,jews2 above all
 !  ,g]mans1 z be+ a lam5tably          
draisonnable race1 :o1 ev5 at !  pres5t 
day1 mu/ always h _! heads wa%$#aa 9 !  
fir/  place4 ,:]ev] ! ,jews h atta9$ to 
influ5ce1 !y h taught to  analyse m     
subtly1 to argue m acutely1 to write m  
cle>ly &  purely3 x has always be5 _!   
problem to br+ a p to  raison47         
#cdi4    ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,le>n$ once      
m4--,to seek self-pres]vation m]ely1  is
 ! expression ( a /ate ( di/ress1 or (  
limitation ( ! true1  fundam5tal in/9ct 
( life1 :i* aims at ! ext5sion ( p[]1  &

 ) ?is 9 view (t5 en\gh calls 9 "q      
self-pres]vation  & sacrifices x4 ,x    
%\ld be tak5 z symptomatic :5 individual
  philosoph]s1 z = example1 !           
consumptive ,sp9oza1 h se5 &  h be5     
oblig$ to see ! pr9cipal feature ( life 
precisely 9 !  s-call$ self-pres]vative 
in/9ct3--!y h j be5 m5 9 /ates  (       
di/ress4 ,t our mod]n natural sci5ces h 
entangl$ !mselves  s mu* ) ,sp9oza's    
dogma 7f9ally & mo/ grossly 9 ,d>w9ism1 
) its inconceivably "o-sid$ doctr9e ( ! 
/ruggle =  exi/5ce--71 is probably ow+  
to ! orig9 ( mo/ ( ! inquir]s  into     
nature3 !y belong 9 ?is respect to ! p1 
_!  =efa!rs h be5 poor & humble p]sons1 
:o knew too well by  imm$iate exp]i5ce !
 difficulty ( mak+ a liv+4 ,ov] ! :ole  
( ,engli% ,d>w9ism !re hov]s some?+ ( ! 
suffocat+ air (  ov]-cr[d$ ,engl&1      
some?+ ( ! od\r ( humble p 9 ne$  & 9   
/raits4 ,b z an inve/igator ( nature1 a 
p]son ought to  em]ge f 8 paltry human  
nook3 & 9 nature ! /ate ( di/ress  does 
n prevail1 b sup]fluity1 ev5 prodigality

 to ! ext5t (  folly4 ,! /ruggle =      
exi/5ce is only an exception1 a tempor>y
  re/riction ( ! w to live2 ! /ruggle1  
be x great or small1  turns ev]y:]e on  
pr$om9ance1 on increase & expansion1 on 
p[]1  9 con=mity to ! w to p[]1 :i* is j
 ! w to live4                           
#cej4    ,9 ,hon\r ( ,hom9es            
,religiosi4--,! /ruggle aga9/ ! *ur* is 
mo/ c]ta9ly 7among o!r ?+s--= x has a   
manifold significance7  ! /ruggle ( ! m 
ord9>y1 *e]ful1 confid+1 sup]ficial     
natures aga9/ ! rule ( ! grav]1 pr(\nd]1
 m contemplative  natures1 t is to say1 
! m malign & suspici\s m51 :o )  long   
cont9u$ di/ru/ 9 ! wor? ( life1 brood   
also ov] _! own  wor?3--! ord9>y in/9ct 
( ! p1 its s5sual gaiety1 its  good     
he>t1 revolts aga9/ !m4 ,! entire ,roman
 ,*ur* re/s on a  ,s\!rn suspicion ( !  
nature ( man 7always misund]/ood 9 !    
,nor?71 a suspicion :]eby ! ,european   
,s\? has succe$$ to !  inh]itance ( !   
pr(\nd ,ori5t--! my/]i\s1 v5]able       
,asia--&  its contemplative _s4         

,prote/antism 0 a popul> insurrection 9 
fav\r ( ! simple1 ! respectable1 !      
sup]ficial 7! ,nor? has  always be5 m   
good-natur$ & m %all[ ?an ! ,s\?71 b x  
0 ! ,fr5* ,revolution t fir/ gave !     
sceptre :olly &  solemnly into ! h&s ( !
 good man 7! %eep1 ! ass1 !  goose1 &   
ev]y?+ incurably %all[1 bawl+1 & fit = !
 ,b$lam  ( mod]n ideas74                
#cea4    ,9 ,hon\r ( ,prie/ly           
,natures4--,i ?9k t philosoph]s h always
  felt !mselves fur!/ remov$ f t :i* ! p
 79 all  classes ( society n[adays7 take
 = wisdom3 ! prud5t1 bov9e  placidity1  
piety1 & c\ntry-p>son meekness1 :i* lies
 9 ! mead[  & gazes at life s]i\sly &   
rum9at+ly3--?is is probably because     
philosoph]s h n _h suffici5tly ! ta/e ( 
! p1 or (  ! c\ntry-p>son = t k9d (     
wisdom4 ,philosoph]s w also  p]haps be !
 late/ to ackn[l$ge t ! p %\ld und]/&   
some?+ ( t :i* lies fur!/ f !m1 some?+ (
 ! great  passion ( ! ?9k]1 :o lives &  
mu/ live cont9ually 9 !  /orm-cl\d ( !  
highe/ problems & ! heavie/             

responsibilities  7consequ5tly1 n gaz+  
at all1 to say no?+ ( do+ s             
indiff]5tly1 securely1 objectively74 ,! 
p v5]ate an entirely  diff]5t type ( man
 :5 on _! "p !y =m ! ideal ( a  sage1 & 
!y are a ?\s& times ju/ifi$ 9 r5d]+     
homage )  ! highe/ eulogies & hon\rs to 
precisely t type ( m5--namely1  ! g5tle1
 s]i\s1 simple1 *a/e1 prie/ly natures & 
^? relat$  to !m1--x is to !m t ! praise
 falls due 9 ! popul>  v5]ation (       
wisdom4 ,& to :om %\ld ! p ev] h m      
reason to be grateful ?an to ^! m5 :o   
p]ta9 to its class &  rise f its ranks1 
b are p]sons consecrat$1 *os51 &        
sacrific$ = its good--!y !mselves       
believe !mselves sacrific$  to          
,god1--be=e :om ! p c p\r =? its he>t ) 
impunity1  by :om x c get rid ( its     
secrets1 c>es1 & worse ?+s 7=  ! man :o 
communicates himself gets rid ( himself1
 & he :o has  confess$ =gets74 ,"h !re  
exi/s a great ne$3 = sew]s &  pure      
cleans+ wat]s are requir$ also =        
spiritual fil?1 & rapid  curr5ts ( love 

are ne$$1 & /rong1 l[ly1 pure he>ts1 :o 
qualify  & sacrifice !mselves = su*     
s]vice ( ! non-public heal?  dep>tm5t--=
 x is a sacrific+1 ! prie/ is1 &        
cont9ues to  be1 a human sacrifice4444  
,! p reg>d su* sacrific$1 sil5t1  s]i\s 
m5 ( fai? z wise1 t is to say1 z m5 :o h
  become sages1 z reliable 9 relation to
 _! own unreliability4 ,:o  w\ld desire 
to deprive ! p ( t expression & t       
v5]ation8--,b z is fair on ! o!r side1  
among philosoph]s !  prie/ also is /ill 
held to belong to ! p1 & is n  reg>d$ z 
a sage1 because1 above all1 !y !mselves 
d n believe  9 sages1 & !y already sc5t 
! p 9 ?is v belief &  sup]/ition4 ,x 0  
mode/y :i* inv5t$ 9 ,greece ! ^w        
philosoph]1 & left to ! play-actors ( ! 
_s ! sup]b  arrogance ( assum+ ! "n     
wise--! mode/y ( su* mon/]s (  pride &  
self-glorification z ,py?agoras &       
,plato4--                               
#ceb4    ,:y we c h>dly ,disp5se )      
,morality4--,! nak$ man is g5]ally  an  
ignom9i\s spectacle--,i speak ( u       

,european males 7& by no means  (       
,european females674 ,if ! mo/ joy\s    
company at table sudd5ly  f\nd !mselves 
/ripp$ & dive/$ ( _! g>m5ts ?r\gh !     
trick ( an en*ant]1 ,i believe t n only 
w\ld ! joy\sness be  gone & ! /ronge/   
appetite lo/2--x seems t we ,europeans  
_c  at all disp5se ) ! masqu]ade t is   
call$ clo?+4 ,b %\ld  n ! disguise (    
moral m51 ! scre5+ "u moral =mul &      
notions ( dec5cy1 ! :ole k9dly          
concealm5t ( our conduct "u  conceptions
 ( duty1 virtue1 public s5tim5t1        
hon\rabl5ess1 &  dis9t]e/$ness1 h j z   
good reasons 9 support ( x8 ,n t  ,i    
mean h]eby t human wick$ness & bas5ess1 
9 %ort1 ! evil  wild bea/ 9 u1 %\ld be  
disguis$2 on ! contr>y1 my idea is t  x 
is precisely z tame animals t we are an 
ignom9i\s spectacle  & require moral    
disguis+1--t ! inn] man 9 ,europe is f> 
f  hav+ en\gh ( intr9sic evil to let    
himself be se5 ) x 7to be  beautiful )  
x74 ,! ,european disguises himself 9    
morality  because he has become a sick1 

sickly1 crippl$ animal1 :o has good     
reasons = be+ tame1 because he is almo/ 
an abortion1 an  imp]fect1 weak & clumsy
 ?+4444 ,x is n ! fi]c5ess ( !  bea/ (  
prey t f9ds moral disguise necess>y1 b !
 greg>i\s  animal1 ) its pr(\nd         
m$iocrity1 anxiety & ennui4 ,morality   
dresses up ! ,european--let u ackn[l$ge 
x6--9 m di/+ui%$1  m important1 m       
conspicu\s guise--9 div9e guise--       
#cec4    ,! ,orig9 ( ,religions4--,!    
real inv5tions ( f\nd]s ( religions     
are1 on ! "o h&1 to e/abli% a def9ite   
mode ( life & ev]yday  cu/om1 :i*       
op]ates z discipl9a voluntatis1 & at !  
same "t  does away ) ennui2 & on ! o!r  
h&1 to give to t v mode  ( life an      
int]pretation1 by virtue ( :i* x appe>s 
illum9$  ) ! highe/ value2 s t x h5ce=? 
becomes a good = :i*  p /ruggle1 & "u   
c]ta9 circum/ances lay d[n _! lives4  ,9
 tru?1 ! second ( ^! inv5tions is ! m   
ess5tial3 !  fir/1 ! mode ( life1 has   
usually be5 !re already1 side by side1  
h[ev]1 ) o!r modes ( life1 & /ill       

unconsci\s ( ! value  :i* x embodies4 ,!
 import1 ! orig9ality ( ! f\nd] ( a     
religion1 discloses itself usually 9 !  
fact t he sees ! mode  ( life1 selects  
x1 & div9es = ! fir/ "t ! purpose =  :i*
 x c be us$1 h[ x c be int]pret$4 ,jesus
 7or ,paul71 =  example1 f\nd ar\nd him 
! life ( ! common p 9 ! ,roman  prov9ce1
 a mode/1 virtu\s1 oppress$ life3 he    
int]pret$ x1 he put  ! highe/           
significance & value into x--& !reby !  
c\rage to  despise e o!r mode ( life1 ! 
calm fanaticism ( ! ,moravians1  !      
secret1 subt]ranean self-confid5ce :i*  
goes on increas+1 &  is at la/ ready to 
ov]come ! _w 7t is to say1 ,rome1 & !   
upp] classes ?r\gh\t ! empire74 ,buddha1
 9 l mann]1 f\nd !  same type ( man1--he
 f\nd x 9 fact disp]s$ among all !      
classes  & social ranks ( a p :o 7 good 
& k9d 7& above all  in(f5sive71 ow+ to  
indol5ce1 & :o likewise ow+ to indol5ce1
  liv$ ab/emi\sly1 almo/ )\t            
requirem5ts4 ,he und]/ood t su*  a type 
( man1 ) all its vis in]tiae1 _h        

inevitably to glide into  a belief :i*  
promises to avoid ! return ( e>?ly ill  
7t is to  say1 lab\r & activity         
g5]ally71--?is und]/&+ 0 8  g5ius4 ,!   
f\nd] ( a religion possesses            
psy*ological infallibility  9 ! k ( a   
def9ite1 av]age type ( s\ls1 :o h n yet 
recognis$ !mselves z ak94 ,x is he :o   
br+s !m toge!r3 !  f\nd+ ( a religion1  
!re=e1 always becomes a long c]emony (  
recognition4--                          
#ced4    ,! ,g5ius ( ! ,species4--,!    
problem ( consci\sness 7or m  correctly3
 ( becom+ consci\s ( oneself7 meets u   
only :5 we beg9  to p]ceive 9 :at       
measure we c\ld disp5se ) x3 & x is at !
  beg9n+ ( ?is p]ception t we are n[    
plac$ by physiology &  zoology 7:i* h   
?us requir$ two c5turies to ov]take !   
h9t  ?r[n out 9 advance by ,leibnitz74  
,= we c\ld 9 fact ?9k1 feel1  w1 &      
recollect1 we c\ld likewise act 9 e s5se
 ( ! t]m1  & nev]!less no?+ ( x all w\ld
 require to come into  consci\sness 7z  
"o says metaphorically74 ,! :ole ( life 

w\ld be  possible )\t its see+ itself z 
x 7 9 a mirror3 z 9 fact  ev5 at pres5t 
! f> great] "p ( our life /ill goes on  
)\t  ?is mirror+1--& ev5 our ?9k+1      
feel+1 volitional life z well1  h[ev]   
pa9ful ?is /atem5t may s\nd to an old]  
philosoph]4 ,:at  !n is ! purpose (     
consci\sness g5]ally1 :5 x is 9 ! ma9   
sup]flu\s8--,n[ x seems to me1 if y w   
he> my answ] & its  p]haps extravagant  
supposition1 t ! subtlety & /r5g? (     
consci\sness are always 9 proportion to 
! capacity =  communication ( a man 7or 
an animal71 ! capacity = communication  
9 its turn be+ 9 proportion to !        
necessity = communication3  ! latt] n to
 be und]/ood z if precisely ! individual
 himself  :o is ma/] 9 ! art (          
communicat+ & mak+ kn[n 8  necessities  
w\ld at ! same "t h to be mo/ dep5d5t ^u
 o!rs  = 8 necessities4 ,x seems to me1 
h[ev]1 to be s 9 relation to  :ole races
 & successions ( g5]ations3 :]e         
necessity & ne$  h long compell$ m5 to  
communicate ) _! fell[s & und]/&  "o    

ano!r rapidly & subtly1 a surplus ( !   
p[] & art (  communication is at la/    
acquir$1 z if x 7 a =tune :i* _h        
gradually accumulat$1 & n[ wait$ = an   
heir to squ&] x  prodigally 7! s-call$  
arti/s are ^! heirs1 9 l mann] !        
orators1 prea*]s1 & au?ors3 all ( !m m5 
:o come at ! end (  a long succession1  
late-born always1 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w1  
& z has be5 said1 squ&]]s by _! v       
nature74 ,grant$ t  ?is obs]vation is   
correct1 ,i may proce$ fur!r to !       
conjecture  t consci\sness g5]ally has  
only be5 develop$ "u ! pressure  ( !    
necessity = communication1--t f ! fir/ x
 has be5  necess>y & useful only betwe5 
man & man 7especially betwe5 ^?  comm&+ 
& ^? obey+71 & has only develop$ 9      
proportion to  its utility4             
,consci\sness is prop]ly only a connect+
 network betwe5  man & man1--x is only z
 su* t x has _h to develop2 ! recluse  &
 wild-bea/ species ( m5 w\ld n h ne$$ x4
 ,! v fact  t our actions1 ?\ghts1      
feel+s & motions come )9 ! range  ( our 

consci\sness--at lea/ a "p ( !m--is !   
result ( a  t]rible1 prolong$ mu/ rul+  
man's de/9y3 z ! mo/ endang]$  animal he
 ne$$ help & protection2 he ne$$ 8      
fell[s1 he 0  oblig$ to express 8       
di/ress1 he _h to "k h[ to make himself 
und]/ood--& = all ?is he ne$$           
consci\sness fir/ ( all1  consequ5tly1  
to "k himself :at he lack$1 to "k h[ he 
felt  & to "k :at he ?\ght4 ,=1 to      
repeat x once m1 man1 l  e liv+         
creature1 ?9ks unceas+ly1 b does n "k x2
 !  ?9k+ :i* is becom+ consci\s ( itself
 is only ! smalle/  "p !re(1 we may say1
 ! mo/ sup]ficial "p1 ! wor/ "p3--=  ?is
 consci\s ?9k+ alone is done 9 words1 t 
is to say1 9 !  symbols = communication1
 by means ( :i* ! orig9 (  consci\sness 
is reveal$4 ,9 %ort1 ! developm5t (     
spee* & !  developm5t ( consci\sness 7n 
( reason1 b ( reason becom+             
self-consci\s7 g h& 9 h&4 ,let x be     
fur!r accept$ t x is  n only spee* t    
s]ves z a bridge betwe5 man & man1 b    
also  ! looks1 ! pressure & ! ge/ures2  

our becom+ consci\s ( our  s5se         
impressions1 our p[] ( be+ able to fix  
!m1 & z x 7  to locate !m outside (     
ourselves1 has increas$ 9 proportion z !
  necessity has increas$ = communicat+  
!m to o!rs by means (  signs4 ,!        
sign-inv5t+ man is at ! same "t ! man :o
 is always  m acutely self-consci\s2 x  
is only z a social animal t man has     
le>n$ to become consci\s ( himself1--he 
is do+ s /ill1 & do+  s m & m4--,z is   
obvi\s1 my idea is t consci\sness does n
  prop]ly belong to ! individual exi/5ce
 ( man1 b r to !  social & greg>i\s     
nature 9 him2 t1 z foll[s !refrom1 x is 
only 9 relation to communal & greg>i\s  
utility t x is f9ely  develop$2 & t     
consequ5tly ea* ( u1 9 spite ( ! be/    
int5tion ( und]/&+ himself z            
individually z possible1 & (  kn[+      
himself1 w always j call into           
consci\sness !  non-individual 9 him1   
namely1 8 av]ag5ess2--t our ?\ght       
itself is cont9u\sly z x 7 outvot$ by ! 
"* (  consci\sness--by ! imp]i\s g5ius (

 ! species !re9--& is  translat$ back   
into ! p]spective ( ! h]d4 ,fundam5tally
 our  actions are 9 an incomp>able mann]
 altoge!r p]sonal1 unique &  absolutely 
individual--!re is no d\bt ab\t x2 b z  
soon z we  translate !m into            
consci\sness1 !y d n appe> s any        
long]4444 ,?is is ! prop] ph5om5alism & 
p]spectivism z ,i  und]/& x3 ! nature ( 
animal consci\sness involves ! notion  t
 ! _w ( :i* we c become consci\s is only
 a sup]ficial  & symbolic _w1 a g5]alis$
 & vulg>is$ _w2--t ev]y?+  :i* becomes  
consci\s becomes j !reby %all[1 meagre1 
relatively /upid1--a g5]alisation1 a    
symbol1 a *>act]i/ic ( !  h]d2 t ) !    
evolv+ ( consci\sness !re is always     
comb9$ a  great1 radical p]v]sion1      
falsification1 sup]ficialisation1 &     
g5]alisation4 ,f9ally1 ! gr[+           
consci\sness is a dang]1 &  :oev] lives 
among ! mo/ consci\s ,europeans kn[s ev5
 t x is a  disease4 ,z may be           
conjectur$1 x is n ! anti!sis ( subject 
&  object ) :i* ,i am "h conc]n$3 ,i    

leave t di/9ction to !  epi/emologi/s :o
 h rema9$ entangl$ 9 ! toils ( gramm>   
7popul> metaphysics74 ,x is /ill less ! 
anti!sis ( ?+ 9  itself & ph5om5on1 = we
 d n "k en\gh to be entitl$ ev5  to make
 su* a di/9ction4 ,inde$1 we h n any    
organ at all =  kn[+ or = tru?2 we "k   
7or believe1 or fancy7 j z mu*  z may be
 ( use 9 ! int]e/ ( ! human h]d1 !      
species2 &  ev5 :at is "h call$         
usefulness is ultimately only a belief1 
a  fancy1 & p]haps precisely ! mo/ fatal
 /upidity by :i* we %all  "o day be     
ru9$4                                   
#cee4    ,! ,orig9 ( our ,conception (  
,k4--,i take ?is explanation  f ! /reet4
 ,i he>d "o ( ! p say+ t he knew me1  s 
,i ask$ myself3 ,:at d ! p really und]/&
 by k8  ,:at d !y want :5 !y seek k8    
,no?+ m ?an t  :at is /range is to be   
trac$ back to some?+ kn[n4 ,& we        
philosoph]s--h we really und]/ood any?+ 
m by k8  ,! kn[n1 t is to say1 :at we   
are accu/om$ to1 s t we no  long] m>vel 
at x1 ! commonplace1 any k9d ( rule to  

:i* we are  habituat$1 all & ev]y?+ 9   
:i* we "k ourselves to be at            
home3--:at8 is our ne$ ( kn[+ n j ?is   
ne$ ( ! kn[n8  ! w to discov] 9 ev]y?+  
/range1 unusual1 or que/ionable1  some?+
 :i* no long] disquiets u8 ,is x n      
possible t x  %\ld be ! in/9ct ( fe> :i*
 enjo9s ^u u to "k8 ,is x  n possible t 
! rejoic+ ( ! disc]n] %\ld be j 8       
rejoic+ 9 ! rega9$ feel+ ( security8444 
,"o philosoph]  imag9$ ! _w kn[n :5 he  
_h trac$ x back to ! idea3  alas1 0 x n 
because ! idea 0 s kn[n1 s famili> to   
him8  because he _h s mu* less fe> ( !  
idea--,oh1 ?is mod]ation (  ! disc]n]s6 
let u b look at _! pr9ciples1 & at _!   
solutions ( ! riddle ( ! _w 9 ?is       
connection6 ,:5 !y  aga9 f9d aught 9    
?+s1 among ?+s1 or beh9d ?+s1 t is      
un=tunately v well kn[n to u1 = example1
 our multiplication  table1 or our      
logic1 or our will+ & desir+1 h[ happy  
!y  imm$iately are6 ,= :at is kn[n is   
und]/ood3 !y are unanim\s  z to t4 ,ev5 
! mo/ circumspect among !m ?9k t ! kn[n 

is at lea/ m easily und]/ood ?an !      
/range2 t =  example1 x is me?odically  
ord]$ to proce$ outw>d f ! inn]  _w1 f !
 facts ( consci\sness1 because x is ! _w
  :i* is bett] kn[n to u6 ,error (      
errors6 ,! kn[n is !  accu/om$1 & !     
accu/om$ is ! mo/ difficult ( all to    
und]/&1 t is to say1 to p]ceive z a     
problem1 to p]ceive z  /range1 di/ant1  
outside ( u4444 ,! great c]ta9ty ( !    
natural sci5ces 9 comp>ison ) psy*ology 
& ! criticism (  ! elem5ts (            
consci\sness--unnatural sci5ces z "o    
might almo/  be entitl$ to call !m--re/s
 precisely on ! fact t !y take  :at is  
/range z _! object3 :ile x is almo/ l   
some?+  contradictory & absurd to wi% to
 take g5]ally :at is n  /range z an     
object4444                              
#cef4    ,9 :at ,mann] ,europe w always 
become m ,arti/ic4--,provid+ a  liv+    
/ill en=ces ev5 9 ! pres5t day 79 our   
transition p]iod  :5 s mu* ceases to    
en=ce7 a def9ite rle on almo/ all male  
,europeans1 _! s-call$ call+s2 "s h !   

lib]ty1 an app>5t  lib]ty1 to *oose ?is 
rle !mselves1 b mo/ h x *os5 =  !m4 ,!  
result is /range en\gh4 ,almo/ all      
,europeans conf\nd  !mselves ) _! rle :5
 !y advance 9 age2 !y !mselves are  !   
victims ( _! good act+1 !y h =gott5 h[  
mu* *ance1  :im & arbitr>9ess sway$ !m  
:5 _! call+ 0 decid$--&  h[ _m o!r rles 
!y c\ld p]haps h play$3 = x is n[ too   
late6 ,look$ at m closely1 we see t _!  
*>act]s h actually  evolv$ out ( _! rle1
 nature out ( art4 ,!re 7 ages 9 :i*  p 
believ$ ) un%ak5 confid5ce1 yea1 )      
piety1 9 _!  pr$e/9ation = ?is v        
bus9ess1 = t v mode ( livelihood1  &    
w\ld n at all ackn[l$ge *ance1 or !     
=tuit\s rle1 or  arbitr>9ess !re94      
,ranks1 guilds1 & h]$it>y trade         
privileges  succe$$1 ) ! help ( ?is     
belief1 9 re>+ ^? extraord9>y  broad    
t[]s ( society :i* di/+ui%$ ! ,middle   
,ages1 & (  :i* at all ev5ts "o ?+      
rema9s to _! cr$it3 capacity =  duration
 7& duration is a value ( ! fir/ rank on
 e>?674 ,b  !re are ages entirely !     

rev]se1 ! prop]ly democratic ages1 9    
:i* p t5d to become m & m oblivi\s ( ?is
 conviction1  & a sort ( impud5t        
conviction & q contr>y mode ( view+  ?+s
 comes to ! front1 ! ,a!nian conviction 
:i* is fir/  obs]v$ 9 ! epo* ( ,p]icles1
 ! ,am]ican conviction ( !  pres5t day1 
:i* wants also m & m to become an       
,european  conviction1 :]eby !          
individual is conv9c$ t he c d almo/    
any?+1 t he c play almo/ any rle1 :]eby 
ev]yone makes  exp]im5ts ) himself1     
improvises1 tries anew1 tries ) delight1
  :]eby all nature ceases & becomes     
art4444 ,! ,greeks1 hav+ adopt$  ?is    
rle-cre$--an arti/ cre$1 if y w--und]w5t
 /ep by /ep1  z is well kn[n1 a curi\s  
trans=mation1 n 9 e respect wor?y  (    
imitation3 !y became actual /age-play]s2
 & z su* !y  en*ant$1 !y conqu]$ all !  
_w1 & at la/ ev5 ! conqu]or  ( ! _w1 7= 
! ,graeculus hi/rio conqu]$ ,rome1 & n  
,greek culture1 z ! nave are accu/om$ to
 say44447 ,:at ,i fe>1  h[ev]1 & :at is 
at pres5t obvi\s1 if we desire to       

p]ceive x1 is  t we mod]n m5 are q on ! 
same road already2 & :5ev] man  beg9s to
 discov] 9 :at respect he plays a rle1 &
 to :at ext5t  he c be a /age-play]1 he 
becomes a /age-play]4444 ,a new flora  &
 fauna ( m5 !reupon spr+s up1 :i* _c gr[
 9 m /able1  m re/rict$ eras--or is left
 at ! bottom1 "u ! ban &  suspicion (   
infamy--1 !reupon ! mo/ int]e/+ & insane
 p]iods  ( hi/ory always make _!        
appe>ance1 9 :i* /age-play]s1 all  k9ds 
( /age-play]s1 are ! real ma/]s4        
,precisely !reby ano!r  species ( man is
 always m & m injur$1 & 9 ! end made    
impossible3 above all ! great ar*itects2
 ! build+ p[] is n[  be+ p>alys$2 !     
c\rage t makes plans = ! di/ant future  
is  di%e>t5$2 !re beg9s to be a lack (  
organis+ g5iuses4 ,:o is  !re :o w\ld n[
 v5ture to und]take works = ! completion
 (  :i* mill5niums w\ld h to be reckon$ 
^u8 ,! fundam5tal  belief is dy+ out1 on
 ! basis ( :i* "o c\ld calculate1       
promise  & anticipate ! future 9 "o's   
plan1 & (f] x z a sacrifice  !reto1 t 9 

fact man has only value & significance 9
 s f> z  he is a /one 9 a great build+2 
= :i* purpose he has fir/ (  all to be  
solid1 he has to be a /one4444 ,above   
all1 n  a--/age-play]6 ,9 %ort--alas6   
?is fact w be hu%$ up = "s  consid]able 
"t to come6--t :i* f h5ce=? w no long]  
be  built1 & c no long] be built1 is--a 
society 9 ! old s5se (  ! t]m2 to build 
?is /ructure ev]y?+ is lack+1 above all1
 !  mat]ial4 ,none ( u are any long]    
mat]ial = a society3 t is a  tru? :i* is
 seasonable at pres5t6 ,x seems to me a 
matt] (  indiff]5ce t mean:ile ! mo/    
%ort-sight$1 p]haps ! mo/  hone/1 & at  
any rate ! noisie/ species ( m5 ( !     
pres5t day1  our fri5ds ! ,sociali/s1   
believe1 hope1 dream1 & above all scream
  & scribble almo/ ! opposite2 9 fact "o
 already reads _!  wat*word ( ! future3 
free society1 on all tables & walls4    
,free  society8 ,inde$6 ,inde$6 ,b y "k1
 g5tlem51 sure en\gh :]e(  "o builds x8 
,out ( wood5 iron6 ,out ( ! fam\s wood5 
iron6 ,&  n ev5 out ( wood54444         

#ceg4    ,! old ,problem3 ,:at is       
,g]man8--,let u c\nt up ap>t ! real     
acquisitions ( philosophical ?\ght = :i*
 we h to ?ank ,g]man  intellects3 are !y
 9 any all[able s5se to be c\nt$ also to
 !  cr$it ( ! :ole race8 ,c we say t !y 
are at ! same "t !  "w ( ! ,g]man s\l1  
or at lea/ a symptom ( x1 9 ! s5se 9    
:i* we are accu/om$ to ?9k1 = example1 (
 ,plato's ideomania1 8  almo/ religi\s  
madness = =m1 z an ev5t & an evid5ce ( !
  ,greek s\l8 ,or w\ld ! rev]se p]haps  
be true8 ,7 !y s  individual1 s mu* an  
exception to ! _s ( ! race1 z 01 =      
example1 ,goe!'s ,paganism ) a good     
consci5ce8 ,or z ,bism>ck's             
,mac*iavelism 0 ) a good consci5ce1 8   
s-call$ practical  politics 9 ,g]many8  
,did our philosoph]s p]haps ev5 g c\nt] 
to  ! ne$ ( ! ,g]man s\l8 ,9 %ort1 7 !  
,g]man philosoph]s  really philosophical
 ,g]mans8--,i call to m9d ?ree cases4   
,fir/ly1  ,leibnitz's incomp>able       
insight--) :i* he obta9$ ! advantage  n 
only ov] ,desc>tes1 b ov] all :o _h     

philosophis$ up to 8  "t1--t            
consci\sness is only an accid5t ( m5tal 
repres5tation1  & n its necess>y &      
ess5tial attribute2 t consequ5tly :at   
we call consci\sness only con/itutes a  
/ate ( our spiritual &  psy*ical _w     
7p]haps a morbid /ate71 & is f> f be+ t 
_w itself3--is !re any?+ ,g]man 9 ?is   
?\ght1 ! pr(undity  ( :i* has n z yet   
be5 exhau/$8 ,is !re reason to ?9k t a  
p]son ( ! ,lat9 race w\ld n readily h   
/umbl$ on ?is  rev]sal ( ! app>5t8--= x 
is a rev]sal4 ,let u call to m9d        
secondly1 ! imm5se note ( int]rogation  
:i* ,kant wrote aft] !  notion (        
causality4 ,n t he at all d\bt$ its     
legitimacy1 l  ,hume3 on ! contr>y1 he  
began cauti\sly to def9e ! doma9 )9  :i*
 ?is notion has significance g5]ally 7we
 h n ev5 yet got  f9i%$ ) ! m>k+ out (  
^! limits74 ,let u take ?irdly1 !       
a/oni%+ hit ( ,hegel1 :o /uck at no     
logical usage or  fa/idi\sness :5 he    
v5tur$ to tea* t ! conceptions ( k9ds   
develop out ( "o ano!r3 ) :i* !ory !    

?9k]s 9 ,europe  7 prep>$ = ! la/ great 
sci5tific movem5t1 = ,d>w9ism--=  )\t   
,hegel !re w\ld h be5 no ,d>w94 ,is !re 
any?+ ,g]man  9 ?is ,hegelian innovation
 :i* fir/ introduc$ ! decisive          
conception ( evolution into sci5ce8     
,yes1 )\t d\bt we feel t  !re is some?+ 
( ourselves discov]$ & div9$ 9 all ?ree 
cases2 we are ?ankful = x1 & at ! same  
"t surpris$2 ea* (  ^! ?ree pr9ciples is
 a ?\ghtful piece ( ,g]man              
self-confession1  self-und]/&+1 &       
self-k4 ,we feel ) ,leibnitz t our  inn]
 _w is f> ri*]1 ampl]1 & m conceal$2 z  
,g]mans we  are d\btful1 l ,kant1 ab\t !
 ultimate validity ( sci5tific  k (     
nature1 & 9 g5]al ab\t :atev] c be kn[n 
causalit]3 ! kn[able z su* n[ appe>s to 
u ( less wor?4  ,we ,g]mans %\ld /ill h 
be5 ,hegelians1 ev5 ?\gh !re _h nev]    
be5 a ,hegel1 inasmu* z we 79           
contradi/9ction to all ,lat9 peoples7   
in/9ctively attribute to becom+1 to     
evolution1 a pr(\nd]  significance &    
high] value ?an to t :i* is--we h>dly   

believe  at all 9 ! validity ( ! concept
 be+4 ,?is is all ! m !  case because we
 are n incl9$ to conc$e to our human    
logic t x  is logic 9 itself1 t x is !  
only k9d ( logic 7we %\ld r  l1 on !    
contr>y1 to conv9ce ourselves t x is    
only a special  case1 & p]haps "o ( !   
/range/ & mo/ /upid74 ,a f\r?  "q w\ld  
be :e!r also ,s*op5hau] ) 8 ,pessimism1 
t  is to say ! problem ( ! wor? (       
exi/5ce1 _h to be a ,g]man4 ,i  ?9k n4  
,! ev5t aft] :i* ?is problem 0 to be    
expect$ )  c]ta9ty1 s t an a/ronom] ( ! 
s\l c\ld h calculat$ !  day & ! h\r =   
x--namely1 ! decay ( ! belief 9 !       
,*ri/ian  ,god1 ! victory ( sci5tific   
a!ism1--is a univ]sal ,european ev5t1  9
 :i* all races are to h _! %>e ( s]vice 
& hon\r4 ,on !  contr>y1 x has to be    
ascrib$ precisely to ! ,g]mans--^? ) :om
  ,s*op5hau] 0 contempor>y1--t !y delay$
 ?is victory ( a!ism  longe/1 & endang]$
 x mo/4 ,hegel especially 0 its ret>d]  
p>  excell5ce1 9 virtue ( ! gr&iose     
attempt :i* he made to  p]suade u ( !   

div9ity ( exi/5ce1 ) ! help at ! v la/  
( our six? s5se1 ! hi/orical s5se4 ,z   
philosoph]1 ,s*op5hau]  0 ! fir/ av[$ & 
inflexible a!i/ we ,g]mans h _h3 8      
ho/ility to ,hegel _h "h its backgr\nd4 
,! non-div9ity (  exi/5ce 0 reg>d$ by   
him z some?+ und]/ood1 palpable1        
indisputable2 he always lo/ 8           
philosophical composure & got into a    
passion :5 he saw anyone hesitate & beat
 ab\t ! bu% "h4 ,x is  at ?is po9t t 8  
?or\gh uprightness ( "* comes 93        
unconditional1 hone/ a!ism is precisely 
! prelim9>y condition  = 8 rais+ !      
problem1 z a f9al & h>dwon victory ( !  
,european consci5ce1 z ! mo/ prolific   
act ( two ?\s& ye>s'  discipl9e to tru?1
 :i* 9 ! end no long] tol]ates ! lie (  
! belief 9 a ,god4444 ,"o sees :at has  
really ga9$ ! victory ov]  ! ,*ri/ian   
,god--1 ,*ri/ian morality itself1 !     
conception (  v]acity1 tak5 ev] m       
/rictly1 ! confessional subtlety ( !    
,*ri/ian consci5ce1 translat$ &         
sublimat$ to ! sci5tific  consci5ce1 to 

intellectual purity at any price4 ,to   
look ^u nature z  if x 7 a pro( ( !     
goodness & c>e ( a ,god2 to int]pret    
hi/ory 9 hon\r ( a div9e reason1 z a    
con/ant te/imony to a moral  ord] 9 ! _w
 & a moral f9al purpose2 to expla9      
p]sonal  exp]i5ces z pi\s m5 h long     
en\gh expla9$ !m1 z if  ev]y?+ 7 a      
disp5sation or intimation ( ,provid5ce1 
some?+  plann$ & s5t on behalf ( !      
salvation ( ! s\l3 all t is n[  pa/1 x  
has consci5ce aga9/ x1 x is reg>d$ by   
all ! m  acute consci5ces z disreputable
 & di%on\rable1 z m5daci\sness1         
fem99ism1 weakness1 & c[>dice1--by      
virtue ( ?is sev]ity1 if by  any?+1 we  
are good ,europeans1 ! heirs ( ,europe's
 longe/ &  brave/ self-conque/4 ,:5 we  
?us reject ! ,*ri/ian int]pretation1  & 
condemn its significance z a =g]y1 we   
are imm$iately  confront$ 9 a /rik+     
mann] ) ! ,s*op5hau]ian "q3  ,has       
exi/5ce !n a significance at all8--! "q 
:i* w  require a c\ple ( c5turies ev5 to
 be completely he>d 9 all its           

pr(undity4 ,s*op5hau]'s own answ] to ?is
 "q 0--if ,i may be  =giv5 = say+ s--a  
premature1 juv5ile reply1 a m]e         
compromise1 a  /oppage & /ick+ 9 ! v    
same ,*ri/ian-ascetic1 moral            
p]spectives1 ! belief 9 :i* _h got      
notice to quit along )  ! belief 9      
,god4444 ,b he rais$ ! "q--z a good     
,european1  z we h said1 & n z a        
,g]man4--,or did ! ,g]mans prove at     
lea/ by ! way 9 :i* !y seiz$ on !       
,s*op5hau]ian "q1  _! inn] connection & 
relation%ip to him1 _! prep>ation =  8  
problem1 & _! ne$ ( x8 ,t !re has be5   
?9k+ &  pr9t+ ev5 9 ,g]many s9ce        
,s*op5hau]'s "t on ! problem rais$  by  
him1--x 0 late en\gh6--does n at all    
suffice to enable u to  decide 9 fav\r (
 ?is clos] relation%ip2 "o c\ld1 on !   
contr>y1 lay great /ress on ! peculi>   
awkw>dness ( ?is  po/-,s*op5hau]ian     
,pessimism--,g]mans evid5tly d n behave 
!mselves !re z 9 _! elem5t4 ,i d n at   
all allude "h to  ,edu>d von ,h>tmann2  
on ! contr>y1 my old suspicion is n     

vani%$  ev5 at pres5t t he is too clev] 
= u2 ,i mean to say t z  arrant rogue f 
! v fir/1 he did n p]haps make m]ry     
solely  ov] ,g]man ,pessimism--& t 9 !  
end he might probably bequea!  to !m !  
tru? z to h[ f> a p]son c\ld bamboozle !
 ,g]mans  !mselves 9 ! age ( bubble     
companies4 ,b fur!r1 are we p]haps  to  
reckon to ! hon\r ( ,g]mans1 ! old      
humm+-top1 ,bahns51 :o  all 8 life spun 
ab\t ) ! greate/ pleasure ar\nd 8       
reali/ically dialectic mis]y & p]sonal  
ill-luck1--0 t  ,g]man8 7,9 pass+ ,i    
recomm5d 8 writ+s = ! purpose = :i* ,i  
myself h us$ !m1 z anti-pessimi/ic f>e1 
especially on acc\nt  ( 8 elegantia     
psy*ologica1 :i*1 x seems to me1 c\ld   
alleviate  ev5 ! mo/ con/ipat$ body &   
s\l74 ,or w\ld x be prop] to c\nt  su*  
dilettanti & old maids z ! mawki% apo/le
 ( virg9ity1  ,ma9lnd]1 among ! g5u9e   
,g]mans8 ,aft] all he 0 probably a ,jew 
7all ,jews become mawki% :5 !y          
moralise74 ,nei!r ,bahns51 nor          
,ma9lnd]1 nor ev5 ,edu>d von ,h>tmann1  

give u a reliable grasp (  ! "q :e!r !  
pessimism ( ,s*op5hau] 78 fright5$      
glance into an undeifi$ _w1 :i* has     
become /upid1 bl9d1 d]ang$  &           
problematic1 8 hon\rable fright7 0 n    
only an exceptional  case among ,g]mans1
 b a ,g]man ev5t3 :ile ev]y?+ else :i*  
/&s 9 ! =egr\nd1 l our valiant politics 
& our joyful  ,j+oism 7:i* decid$ly     
en\gh reg>ds ev]y?+ ) ref]5ce to a      
pr9ciple suffici5tly unphilosophical3   
,deuts*l&1 ,deuts*l&1 b]  ,alles1#ab    
consequ5tly sub specie speciei1 namely1 
! ,g]man  species71 te/ifies v pla9ly to
 ! contr>y4 ,no6 ,! ,g]mans (  to-day   
are n pessimi/s6 ,& ,s*op5hau] 0 a      
pessimi/1 ,i repeat  x once m1 z a good 
,european1 & n z a ,g]man4              
#ceh4    ,! ,peasant ,revolt ( !        
,_s4--,we ,europeans f9d ourselves 9    
view  ( an imm5se _w ( ru9s1 :]e "s ?+s 
/ill t[] al(t1 :ile  o!r objects /&     
m\ld]+ & dismal1 :]e mo/ ?+s h[ev]      
already lie on ! gr\nd1 picturesque     
en\gh--:]e 7 !re ev]  f9] ru9s8--ov]gr[n

 ) we$s1 l>ge & small4 ,x is ! ,*ur*    
:i* is ?is city ( decay3 we see !       
religi\s organisation (  ,*ri/ianity    
%ak5 to its deepe/ f\ndations4 ,! belief
 9 ,god is  ov]?r[n1 ! belief 9 !       
,*ri/ian ascetic ideal is n[ fight+  its
 la/ fight4 ,su* a long & solidly built 
"w z ,*ri/ianity--x  0 ! la/ con/ruction
 ( ! ,romans6--c\ld n ( c\rse be        
demoli%$ all at once2 e sort ( e>?quake 
_h to %ake x1 e  sort ( _s :i* p]=ates1 
digs1 gnaws & m\ld]s _h to assi/  9 ! "w
 ( de/ruction4 ,b t :i* is /range/ is t 
^?  :o h ex]t$ !mselves mo/ to reta9 &  
pres]ve ,*ri/ianity1  h be5 precisely ^?
 :o did mo/ to de/roy x1--! ,g]mans4 ,x 
seems t ! ,g]mans d n und]/& ! ess5ce ( 
a ,*ur*4 ,are  !y n spiritual en\gh1 or 
n di/ru/ful en\gh to d s8 ,9 any  case !
 /ructure ( ! ,*ur* re/s on a s\!rn     
fre$om &  lib]ality ( _s1 & simil>ly on 
a s\!rn suspicion ( nature1  man1 &     
_s1--x re/s on a k ( man1 an exp]i5ce ( 
man1  entirely diff]5t f :at ! nor? has 
_h4 ,! ,lu!ran ,re=mation  9 all its    

l5g? & bread? 0 ! indignation ( ! simple
 aga9/  some?+ complicat$4 ,to speak    
cauti\sly1 x 0 a co>se1 hone/           
misund]/&+1 9 :i* mu* is to be =giv51--p
 did n  und]/& ! mode ( expression ( a  
victori\s ,*ur*1 & only saw  corruption2
 !y misund]/ood ! noble scepticism1 !   
luxury (  scepticism & tol]ation :i* e  
victori\s1 self-confid5t p[]  p]mits4444
 ,"o ov]looks ! fact readily en\gh at   
pres5t t z  reg>ds all c>d9al que/ions  
conc]n+ p[] ,lu!r 0 badly  end[$2 he 0  
fatally %ort-sight$1 sup]ficial &       
imprud5t--&  above all1 z a man sprung f
 ! p1 he lack$ all ! h]$it>y  qualities 
( a rul+ ca/e1 & all ! in/9cts = p[]2 s 
t  8 "w1 8 int5tion to re/ore ! "w ( !  
,romans1 m]ely became  involunt>ily &   
unconsci\sly ! comm5cem5t ( a "w (      
de/ruction4 ,he unravell$1 he tore      
asund] ) hone/ rage1 :]e !  old spid] _h
 wov5 longe/ & mo/ c>efully4 ,he gave ! 
sacr$  books into ! h&s ( ev]yone1--!y  
!reby got at la/ into !  h&s ( !        
philologi/s1 t is to say1 ! annihilators

 ( e  belief bas$ ^u books4 ,he demoli%$
 ! conception ( ! ,*ur* 9  t he         
repudiat$ ! belief 9 ! inspiration ( !  
,c\ncils3 =  only "u ! supposition t !  
inspir+ _s :i* _h f\nd$  ! ,*ur* /ill   
lives 9 x1 /ill builds x1 /ill goes on  
build+  its h\se1 does ! conception ( ! 
,*ur* reta9 its p[]4 ,he gave  back to !
 prie/ sexual int]c\rse3 b ?ree-f\r?s ( 
!  rev]5ce ( :i* ! p 7& above all ! wom5
 ( ! p7  are capable1 re/s on ! belief t
 an exceptional man 9 ?is respect  w    
also be an exceptional man 9 o!r        
respects4 ,x is precisely "h  t ! popul>
 belief 9 some?+ sup]human 9 man1 9 a   
miracle1 9  ! sav+ ,god 9 man1 has its  
mo/ subtle & insidi\s advocate4 ,aft]   
,lu!r _h giv5 a wife to ! prie/1 he _h  
to take f him  auricul> confession2 t 0 
psy*ologically "r3 b !reby he           
practically did away ) ! ,*ri/ian prie/ 
himself1 ^:  pr(\nde/ utility has ev]   
consi/$ 9 8 be+ a sacr$ e>1 a  sil5t    
well1 & a grave = secrets4 ,e man 8 own 
prie/--beh9d  su* =mul & _! bucolic     

slyness1 !re 0 conceal$ 9 ,lu!r  !      
pr(\nde/ hatr$ ( high] m5 & ! rule (    
high] m51 z  ! ,*ur* _h conceiv$ !m4    
,lu!r dis[n$ an ideal :i* he did n  "k  
h[ to atta91 :ile he seem$ to combat &  
dete/ !  deg5]ation !re(4 ,z a matt] (  
fact1 he1 ! impossible monk1  repudiat$ 
! rule ( ! hom9es religiosi2 he         
consequ5tly  br\ght ab\t precisely !    
same ?+ )9 ! ecclesia/ical social  ord] 
t he combat$ s impati5tly 9 ! civic     
ord]1--namely a  peasant                
insurrection4--,z to all t grew out ( 8 
,re=mation  aft]w>ds1 good & bad1 :i* c 
at pres5t be almo/ c\nt$ up1--:o  w\ld  
be nave en\gh to praise or blame ,lu!r  
simply on acc\nt (  ^! results8 ,he is  
innoc5t ( all2 he knew n :at he did4 ,! 
art  ( mak+ ! ,european _s %all[]1      
especially 9 ! nor?1 or  m good-natur$1 
if p w\ld r he> x designat$ by a  moral 
expression1 und\bt$ly took a clev] /ep 9
 advance 9 !  ,lu!ran ,re=mation2 &     
simil>ly !re grew out ( x ! mobility  & 
disquietude ( ! _s1 its ?ir/ =          

indep5d5ce1 its belief  9 ! "r to       
fre$om1 & its naturalness4 ,if p wi% to 
ascribe to ! ,re=mation 9 ! la/ in/ance 
! m]it ( hav+  prep>$ & fav\r$ t :i* we 
at pres5t hon\r z mod]n  sci5ce1 !y mu/ 
( c\rse add t x is also accessory to    
br++  ab\t ! deg5]ation ( ! mod]n s*ol> 
) 8 lack ( rev]5ce1  ( %ame & (         
pr(undity2 & t x is also responsible =  
all  nave c&\r & pla9-deal+ 9 matt]s (  
k1 9 %ort =  ! plebeianism ( ! _s :i* is
 peculi> to ! la/ two  c5turies1 & f :i*
 ev5 pessimism hi!rto1 has n 9 any way  
deliv]$ u4 ,mod]n ideas also belong to  
?is peasant insurrection (  ! nor? aga9/
 ! cold]1 m ambigu\s1 m suspici\s _s (  
! s\?1 :i* has built itself its greate/ 
monum5t 9 ! ,*ri/ian  ,*ur*4 ,let u n   
=get 9 ! end :at a ,*ur* is1 &          
especially1  9 contra/ to e ,/ate3 a    
,*ur* is above all an au?oritative      
organisation :i* secures to ! mo/       
spiritual m5 ! highe/ rank1  & believes 
9 ! p[] ( spirituality s f> z to =bid   
all  gross] appliances ( au?ority4      

,?r\gh ?is alone ! ,*ur* is "u  all     
circum/ances a nobl] in/itution ?an !   
,/ate4--                                
#cei4    ,v5geance on ,intellect & o!r  
,backgr\nds (                           
,morality4--,morality--:]e d y ?9k x has
 its mo/ dang]\s &  rancor\s            
advocates8--,!re1 = example1 is an      
ill-con/itut$ man1 :o  does n possess   
en\gh ( intellect to be able to take    
pleasure 9 x1  & j en\gh ( culture to be
 aw>e ( ! fact2 bor$1 satiat$1 &  a     
self-despis]2 besides be+ *eat$         
un=tunately by "s h]$it>y  prop]ty out (
 ! la/ consolation1 ! bless+ ( lab\r1 ! 
self-=getfulness 9 ! day's "w2 "o :o is 
?or\ghly a%am$ (  8 exi/5ce--p]haps also
 h>b\r+ "s vices1--& :o on ! o!r  h& 7by
 means ( books to :i* he has no "r1 or m
 intellectual  society ?an he c dige/71 
_c help vitiat+ himself m &  m1 & mak+  
himself va9 & irritable3 su* a ?or\ghly 
poison$  man--= intellect becomes       
poison1 culture becomes poison1         
possession  becomes poison1 solitude    

becomes poison1 to su* ill-con/itut$    
be+s--gets at la/ into a habitual /ate (
 v5geance & incl9ation  to v5geance4444 
,:at d y ?9k he f9ds necess>y1          
absolutely  necess>y 9 ord] to give     
himself ! appe>ance 9 8 own eyes (      
sup]iority ov] m intellectual m51 s z to
 give himself !  delight ( p]fect       
rev5ge1 at lea/ 9 imag9ation8 ,x is     
always  morality t he requires1 "o may  
wag] on x2 always ! big moral  words1   
always ! high-s\nd+ words3 ju/ice1      
wisdom1 hol9ess1  virtue2 always !      
/oicism ( ge/ures 7h[ well /oicism hides
 :at  "o does n possess672 always !     
mantle ( wise sil5ce1 (  affability1 (  
g5tl5ess1 & :atev] else ! ideali/-mantle
 is  call$ 9 :i* ! incurable            
self-despis]s & also ! incurably        
conceit$ walk ab\t4 ,let me n be        
misund]/ood3 out ( su* born  enemies ( !
 _s !re arises n[ & !n t r>e specim5 (  
humanity :o is hon\r$ by ! p "u ! "n (  
sa9t or sage3  x is out ( su* m5 t !re  
arise ^? prodigies ( morality t  make a 

noise1 t make hi/ory1--,/ ,augu/9e 0 "o 
( ^! m54 ,fe>  ( ! intellect1 v5geance  
on ! intellect--,oh6 h[ (t5 h ^!        
p[]fully impell+ vices become ! root (  
virtues6 ,yea1 virtue  itself6--,& ask+ 
! "q among ourselves1 ev5 !             
philosoph]'s pret5sion to wisdom1 :i*   
has occasionally be5 made  "h & !re on !
 e>?1 ! madde/ & mo/ immode/ ( all      
pret5sions1--has x n always be51 9      
,india z well z 9 ,greece1  above all a 
means ( concealm5t8 ,sometimes1 p]haps1 
f ! po9t  ( view ( education :i* hall[s 
s _m lies1 x has be5 a t5d]  reg>d =    
gr[+ & evolv+ p]sons1 = disciples :o h  
(t5 to  be gu>d$ aga9/ !mselves by means
 ( ! belief 9 a p]son 7by  means ( an   
error74 ,9 mo/ cases1 h[ev]1 x is a     
means ( concealm5t  = a philosoph]1     
beh9d :i* he seeks protection1 ow+ to   
exhau/ion1 age1 *ill9ess1 or h>d5+2 z a 
feel+ ( !  approa*+ end1 z ! sagacity ( 
! in/9ct :i* animals h  be=e _!         
dea?1--!y g ap>t1 rema9 at re/1 *oose   
solitude1  creep into caves1 become     

wise4444 ,:at8 ,wisdom a means (        
concealm5t  ( ! philosoph]              
f--intellect8--                         
#cfj4    ,two ,k9ds ( ,causes :i* are   
,conf\nd$4--,x seems to me "o ( my  mo/ 
ess5tial /eps & advances t ,i h le>n$ to
 di/+ui% !  cause ( ! action g5]ally f !
 cause ( action 9 a p>ticul>  mann]1    
say1 9 ?is direction1 ) ?is aim4 ,! fir/
 k9d ( cause  is a quantum ( /or$-up    
=ce1 :i* waits to be us$ 9 "s mann]1  = 
"s purpose2 ! second k9d ( cause1 on !  
contr>y1 is  some?+ q unimportant 9     
comp>ison ) ! fir/1 an  insignificant   
haz>d = ! mo/ "p1 9 con=mity ) :i* !    
quantum ( =ce 9 "q dis*>ges itself 9 "s 
unique &  def9ite mann]3 ! lucif]-mat* 9
 relation to ! b>rel (  gunp[d]4 ,among 
^? insignificant haz>ds & lucif]-mat*es 
,i c\nt  all ! s-call$ aims1 & simil>ly 
! /ill m s-call$  occupations ( p3 !y   
are relatively optional1 arbitr>y1 &    
almo/ indiff]5t 9 relation to ! imm5se  
quantum ( =ce :i*  presses on1 z we h   
said1 to be us$ up 9 any way :atev]4 ,"o

  g5]ally looks at ! matt] 9 a diff]5t  
mann]3 "o is accu/om$  to see ! impell+ 
=ce precisely 9 ! aim 7object1 call+1   
c471 accord+ to a primeval error1--b x  
is only ! direct+  =ce2 ! /e]sman & !   
/eam h !reby be5 conf\nd$4 ,& yet  x is 
n ev5 always ! /e]sman1 ! direct+       
=ce4444 ,is !  aim1 ! purpose1 n (t5    
en\gh only an ext5uat+ pretext1 an      
additional self-bl9d+ ( conceit1 :i*    
does n wi% x to be said  t ! %ip foll[s 
! /ream into :i* x has accid5tally run8 
,t x wi%es to g t way1 because x mu/ g t
 way8 ,t  x has a direction1 sure en\gh1
 b--n a /e]sman8 ,we /ill require a     
criticism ( ! conception ( purpose4     
#cfa4    ,! ,problem ( ! ,actor4--,!    
problem ( ! actor has disquiet$ me  !   
longe/2 ,i 0 unc]ta9 7& am sometimes s  
/ill7 :e!r "o  c\ld n get at ! dang]\s  
conception ( arti/--a conception  hi!rto
 treat$ ) unp>donable l5i5cy--f ?is po9t
 ( view4  ,falsity ) a good consci5ce2  
delight 9 dissimulation break+ =?  z    
p[]1 pu%+ aside1 ov]fl[+1 & sometimes   

ext+ui%+ !  s-call$ "*2 ! inn] long+ to 
play a rle1 to assume a  mask1 to put on
 an appe>ance2 a surplus ( capacity =   
adaptations  ( e k9d1 :i* c no long]    
gratify !mselves 9 ! s]vice (  ! ne>e/ &
 n>r[e/ utility3 all t p]haps does n    
p]ta9  solely to ! actor 9 himself8444  
,su* an in/9ct w\ld develop mo/  readily
 9 families ( ! l[] class ( ! p1 :o h _h
 to  pass _! lives 9 absolute dep5d5ce1 
"u %ift+ pressure &  con/ra9t1 :o 7to   
accommodate !mselves to _! conditions1  
to adapt  !mselves always to new        
circum/ances7 _h aga9 & aga9 to pass    
!mselves (f & repres5t !mselves z       
diff]5t p]sons1--?us  hav+ gradually    
qualifi$ !mselves to adju/ ! mantle to e
  w9d1 !reby almo/ becom+ ! mantle      
itself1 z ma/]s ( !  embodi$ & inc>nat$ 
art ( et]nally play+ ! game ( hide &    
seek1 :i* "o calls mimicry among !      
animals3--until at la/ ?is  ability1    
/or$ up f g5]ation to g5]ation1 has     
become  dom9e]+1 irrational &           
intractable1 till z in/9ct x beg9s to   

comm& ! o!r in/9cts1 & begets ! actor1 !
 arti/ 7!  buffoon1 ! pantaloon1 !      
,jack-,pudd+1 ! fool1 & ! cl[n 9 !  fir/
 place1 also ! classical type ( s]vant1 
,gil ,blas3 = 9 su*  types "o has !     
precursors ( ! arti/1 & (t5 en\gh ev5 ( 
!  g5ius74 ,also "u high] social        
conditions !re gr[s "u simil>  pressure 
a simil> species ( m54 ,only ! hi/rionic
 in/9ct is !re  = ! mo/ "p held /rictly 
9 *eck by ano!r in/9ct1 =  example1     
among diplomati/s2--= ! re/1 ,i %\ld ?9k
 t x  w\ld always be op5 to a good      
diplomati/ to become a good actor on !  
/age1 provid$ 8 dignity all[$ x4 ,z     
reg>ds ! ,jews1  h[ev]1 ! adaptable p p>
 excell5ce1 we %\ld1 9 con=mity  to ?is 
l9e ( ?\ght1 expect to see among !m a   
_w-hi/orical  in/itution f ! v beg9n+1 =
 ! re>+ ( actors1 a  g5u9e bre$+-place =
 actors2 & 9 fact ! "q is v  p]t95t j   
n[3 :at good actor at pres5t is n--a    
,jew8 ,! ,jew  also1 z a born lit]>y    
man1 z ! actual rul] ( ! ,european      
press1  ex]cises ?is p[] on ! basis ( 8 

hi/rionic capacity3 = !  lit]>y man is  
ess5tially an actor1--he plays ! "p (   
exp]t1 (  speciali/4--,f9ally wom54 ,if 
we consid] ! :ole hi/ory (  wom51 are !y
 n oblig$ fir/ ( all1 & above all to be 
actresses8 ,if we li/5 to doctors :o h  
hypnotis$ wom51 or1  f9ally1 if we love 
!m--& let ourselves be hypnotis$ by     
!m1--:at  is always divulg$ !reby8 ,t !y
 give !mselves airs1 ev5 :5  !y--give   
!mselves4444 ,woman is s arti/ic4444    
#cfb4    ,my ,belief 9 ! ,virilis+ (    
,europe4--,we owe x to ,napoleon 7& n   
at all to ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 :i* _h 9 
view ! frat]nity (  ! nations1 & !      
florid int]*ange ( good graces among p  
g5]ally7 t sev]al w>like c5turies1 :i* h
 n _h _! l  9 pa/ hi/ory1 may n[ foll[  
"o ano!r--9 %ort1 t we h  ent]$ ^u !    
classical age ( w>1 w> at ! same "t     
sci5tific  & popul>1 on ! gr&e/ scale 7z
 reg>ds means1 tal5ts &  discipl9e71 to 
:i* all com+ mill5niums w look back )   
envy  & awe z a "w ( p]fection3--= !    
national movem5t out ( :i*  ?is m>tial  

glory spr+s1 is only ! c\nt]-*oc aga9/  
,napoleon1  & w\ld n h exi/$ )\t him4   
,to him1 consequ5tly1 "o w  "o day be   
able to attribute ! fact t man 9 ,europe
 has aga9 got  ! upp] h& ( ! m]*ant & ! 
,phili/9e2 p]haps ev5 (  woman also1 :o 
has become pamp]$ ow+ to ,*ri/ianity & !
  extravagant _s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & 
/ill m ow+ to  mod]n ideas4 ,napoleon1  
:o saw 9 mod]n ideas1 & accord+ly 9     
civilisation1 some?+ l a p]sonal enemy1 
has by ?is ho/ility  prov$ himself "o ( 
! greate/ cont9uators ( ! ,r5aissance3  
he  has br\ght to ! surface a :ole block
 ( ! anci5t "*1 !  decisive block       
p]haps1 ! block ( granite4 ,& :o kn[s b 
t  ?is block ( anci5t "* w 9 ! end get !
 upp] h& (  ! national movem5t1 & w h to
 make itself 9 a positive  s5se ! heir &
 cont9uator ( ,napoleon3--:o1 z "o kn[s1
 want$  "o ,europe1 :i* 0 to be mi/ress 
( ! _w4--                               
#cfc4    ,h[ ea* ,sex has its ,prejudice
 ab\t ,love4--,not)/&+ all !            
concessions :i* ,i am incl9$ to make to 

! monogamic prejudice1 ,i  w nev] admit 
t we %\ld speak ( equal rights 9 ! love 
(  man & woman3 !re are no su* equal    
rights4 ,! reason is t man  & woman     
und]/& some?+ diff]5t by ! t]m love1--& 
x  belongs to ! conditions ( love 9 bo? 
sexes t ! "o sex does  n presuppose !   
same feel+1 ! same conception ( love1 9 
!  o!r sex4 ,:at woman und]/&s by love  
is cle> en\gh3 complete  surr5d] 7n     
m]ely devotion7 ( s\l & body1 )\t any   
motive1  )\t any res]vation1 r ) %ame & 
t]ror at ! ?\ght (  a devotion re/rict$ 
by clauses or associat$ ) conditions4 ,9
 ?is  abs5ce ( conditions h] love is    
precisely a fai?3 woman has no          
o!r4--,man1 :5 he loves a woman1 wants  
precisely ?is love f h]2  he is         
consequ5tly1 z reg>ds himself1 fur!/    
remov$ f !  pr]equisites ( fem99e love2 
grant$1 h[ev]1 t !re %\ld also  be m5 to
 :om on _! side ! dem& = complete       
devotion is n  unfamili>1--well1 !y are 
really--n m54 ,a man :o loves l a woman 
becomes !reby a slave2 a woman1 h[ev]1  

:o loves l a woman  becomes !reby a m   
p]fect woman4444 ,! passion ( woman 9   
its  unconditional r5unciation ( its own
 rights presupposes 9 fact t  !re does n
 exi/ on ! o!r side an equal pa?os1 an  
equal  desire = r5unciation3 = if bo?   
r5\nc$ !mselves out ( love1  !re w\ld   
result--well1 ,i don't "k :at1 p]haps a 
horror vacui8  ,woman wants to be tak5 &
 accept$ z a possession1 %e wi%es to be 
m]g$ 9 ! conceptions ( possession &     
possess$2 consequ5tly  %e wants "o :o   
takes1 :o does n (f] & give himself     
away1 b  :o rev]sely is r to be made    
ri*] 9 himself--by ! increase  ( p[]1   
happ9ess & fai? :i* ! woman h]self gives
 to him4  ,woman gives h]self1 man takes
 h]4--,i d n ?9k "o w get ov]  ?is      
natural contra/ by any social contract1 
or ) ! v be/ w  to d ju/ice1 h[ev]      
desirable x may be to avoid br++ !      
sev]e1  frightful1 enigmatical1 &       
unmoral elem5ts ( ?is antagonism        
con/antly be=e our eyes4 ,= love1 reg>d$
 z complete1 great1 &  full1 is nature1 

& z nature1 is to all et]nity some?+    
unmoral4--,fidelity is accord+ly includ$
 9 woman's love1 x  foll[s f ! def9ition
 !re(2 ) man fidelity may readily       
result 9 consequ5ce ( 8 love1 p]haps z  
gratitude or idiosyncrasy  ( ta/e1 &    
s-call$ elective aff9ity1 b x does n    
belong to !  ess5ce ( 8 love--& inde$ s 
little1 t "o might almo/ be  entitl$ to 
speak ( a natural opposition betwe5 love
 & fidelity 9  man1 ^: love is j a      
desire to possess1 & n a r5unciation  & 
giv+ away2 ! desire to possess1 h[ev]1  
comes to an end e  "t ) ! possession4444
 ,z a matt] ( fact x is ! m subtle  &   
jeal\s ?ir/ = possession 9 ! man 7:o is 
r>ely & t>dily  conv9c$ ( hav+ ?is      
possession71 :i* makes 8 love cont9ue2  
9 t case x is ev5 possible t ! love may 
increase aft] !  surr5d]1--he does n    
readily own t a woman has no?+ m to     
surr5d] to him4--                       
#cfd4    ,! ,an*orite ,speaks4--,! art (
 associat+ ) m5 re/s  ess5tially on "o's
 skilfulness 7:i* presupposes long      

ex]cise7 9  accept+ a repa/1 9 tak+ a   
repa/ 9 ! cuis9e ( :i* "o has  no       
confid5ce4 ,provid$ "o comes to ! table 
) ! hung] ( a wolf  ev]y?+ is easy 7!   
wor/ society gives !e exp]i5ce--z       
,mephi/opheles says72 b "o has n got ?is
 wolf's-hung] :5 "o  ne$s x6 ,alas6 h[  
difficult are our fell[-m5 to dige/6    
,fir/  pr9ciple3 to /ake "o's c\rage z 9
 a mis=tune1 to seize boldly1  to admire
 oneself at ! same "t1 to take "o's     
repugnance betwe5  "o's tee?1 to cram   
d[n "o's disgu/4 ,second pr9ciple3 to   
improve  "o's fell[-man1 by praise =    
example1 s t he may beg9 to sweat  out 8
 self-complac5cy2 or to seize a tuft ( 8
 good or  int]e/+ qualities1 & pull at x
 till "o gets 8 :ole virtue  out1 & c   
put him "u ! folds ( x4 ,?ird pr9ciple3 
self-hypnotism4 ,to fix "o's eye on !   
object ( "o's int]c\rse1 z  on a glass  
knob1 until1 ceas+ to feel pleasure or  
pa9 !reat1 "o  falls asleep unobs]v$1   
becomes rigid1 & acquires a fix$ pose3 a
  h\sehold recipe us$ 9 m>ri$ life & 9  

fri5d%ip1 well te/$ &  priz$ z          
indisp5sable1 b n yet sci5tifically     
=mulat$4 ,its  prop] "n is--pati5ce4--  
#cfe4    ,! ,an*orite ,speaks once      
m4--,we also h int]c\rse ) m51  we also 
mode/ly put on ! clo!s 9 :i* p "k u 7z  
su*71  respect u & seek u2 & we !reby   
m+le 9 society1 t is to  say1 among !   
disguis$ :o d n wi% to be s call$2 we   
also d  l all prud5t masqu]ad]s1 &      
c\rte\sly dismiss all curiosity  :i* has
 n ref]5ce m]ely to our clo!s4 ,!re are 
h[ev] o!r  modes & artifices = go+ ab\t 
among m5 & associat+ )  !m3 = example1 z
 a gho/1--:i* is v advisable :5 "o wants
 to  sc>e !m1 & get rid ( !m easily4 ,an
 example3 a p]son grasps at  u1 & is    
unable to seize u4 ,t fright5s him4 ,or 
we ent] by a  clos$ door4 ,or :5 !      
lights are ext+ui%$4 ,or aft] we are    
dead4  ,! latt] is ! artifice ( po/hum\s
 m5 p> excell5ce4  7,:at8 said su* a "o 
once impati5tly1 d y ?9k we %\ld        
delight 9 endur+ ?is /rang5ess1         
coldness1 dea?-/illness ab\t  u1 all ?is

 subt]ranean1 hidd51 dim1 undiscov]$    
solitude1 :i* is  call$ life ) u1 &     
might j z well be call$ dea?1 if we 7  n
 consci\s ( :at w arise out ( u1--& t   
only aft] our  dea? %all we atta9 to our
 life & become liv+1 ah6 v liv+6  we    
po/hum\s m56--7                         
#cff4    ,at ! ,sight ( a ,le>n$        
,book4--,we d n belong to ^? :o only get
  _! ?\ghts f books1 or at ! prompt+ (  
books1--x is our  cu/om to ?9k 9 ! op5  
air1 walk+1 leap+1 climb+1 or danc+  on 
lonesome m\nta9s by pref]5ce1 or close  
to ! sea1 :]e ev5 !  pa?s become        
?\ghtful4 ,our fir/ "q conc]n+ ! value (
 a  book1 a man1 or a piece ( music is3 
,c x walk8 or /ill bett]3 ,c  x         
dance8444 ,we seldom read2 we d n read !
 worse = t--oh1 h[  quickly d we div9e  
h[ a p]son has arriv$ at 8 ?\ghts3--:e!r
  sitt+ be=e an ink-bottle ) compress$  
belly & head b5t ov]  ! pap]3 oh1 h[    
quickly we are !n done ) 8 book6 ,!     
con/ipat$ b[els betray !mselves1 "o may 
wag] on x1 j z !  atmosph]e ( ! room1 ! 

ceil+ ( ! room1 ! smallness ( !  room1  
betray !mselves4--,^! 7 my feel+s z ,i 0
 clos+ a  /raight=w>d1 le>n$ book1      
?ankful1 v ?ankful1 b also  reliev$4444 
,9 ! book ( a le>n$ man !re is almo/    
always  some?+ oppressive & oppress$3 ! 
speciali/ comes to light  some:]e1 8    
ard\r1 8 s]i\sness1 8 wra?1 8           
ov]-e/imation  ( ! nook 9 :i* he sits & 
sp9s1 8 hump--e speciali/ has  8 hump4  
,a le>n$ book also always mirrors a     
di/ort$ s\l3 e  trade di/orts4 ,look at 
our fri5ds aga9 ) :om we h sp5t our     
y\?1 aft] !y h tak5 possession ( _!     
sci5ce3 alas6 h[ !  rev]se has always   
tak5 place6 ,alas6 h[ !y !mselves are n[
 =  ev] occupi$ & possess$ by _! sci5ce6
 ,gr[n into _! nook1  crumpl$ into      
unrecognisability1 con/ra9$1 depriv$ (  
_!  equilibrium1 emaciat$ & angul>      
ev]y:]e1 p]fectly r\nd only 9  "o       
place1--we are mov$ & sil5t :5 we f9d !m
 s4 ,e  h&icraft1 grant+ ev5 t x has a  
gold5 floor1#ac has also a  lead5 ceil+ 
above x1 :i* presses & presses on ! s\l1

 till x  is press$ into a /range &      
di/ort$ %ape4 ,!re is no?+ to alt]  "h4 
,we ne$ n ?9k t x is at all possible to 
obviate ?is  disfigurem5t by any        
educational artifice :atev]4 ,e k9d (   
p]fection is pur*as$ at a high price on 
e>?1 :]e ev]y?+ is  p]haps pur*as$ too  
de>2 "o is an exp]t 9 "o's dep>tm5t at !
  price ( be+ also a victim ( "o's      
dep>tm5t4 ,b y want to h  x o!rwise--m  
reasonable1 above all m conv5i5t--is x n
 s1  my de> contempor>ies8 ,v well6 ,b  
!n y w also imm$iately  get some?+      
diff]5t3 t is to say1 in/ead ( !        
craftsman &  exp]t1 ! lit]>y man1 !     
v]satile1 _m-sid$ littrateur1 :o  to be 
sure lacks ! hump--n tak+ acc\nt ( !    
hump or b[ :i* he  makes be=e y z !     
%opman ( ! intellect & ! port] (        
culture--1 ! littrateur1 :o is really   
no?+1 b repres5ts  almo/ ev]y?+3 he     
plays & repres5ts ! exp]t1 he also takes
  x ^u himself 9 all mode/y to see t he 
is paid1 hon\r$ &  celebrat$ 9 ?is      
position4--,no1 my le>n$ fri5ds6 ,i     

bless y ev5 on  acc\nt ( y\r humps6 ,&  
also because l me y despise !           
littrateurs & p>asites ( culture6 ,&    
because y d n "k h[  to make m]*&ise (  
y\r intellect6 ,& h s _m op9ions :i*  _c
 be express$ 9 money value6 ,& because y
 d n repres5t  any?+ :i* y are n6       
,because y\r sole desire is to become   
ma/]s ( y\r craft2 because y rev]5ce e  
k9d ( ma/]%ip  & ability1 & repudiate ) 
! mo/ rel5tless scorn ev]y?+ (  a       
make-believe1 half-g5u9e1 dress$-up1    
virtuoso1 demagogic1  hi/rionic nature 9
 litt]is et artibus--all t :i* does n   
conv9ce y by its absolute g5u95ess (    
discipl9e & prep>atory  tra9+1 or _c /& 
y\r te/6 7,ev5 g5ius does n help a p]son
  to get ov] su* a defect1 h[ev] well x 
may be able to deceive )  reg>d to x3 "o
 und]/&s ?is if "o has once look$       
closely at our  mo/ gift$ pa9t]s &      
musicians1--:o almo/ )\t exception1 c   
artificially & supplem5t>ily appropriate
 to !mselves 7by means (  artful        
inv5tions ( /yle1 make-%ifts1 & ev5     

pr9ciples71 !  appe>ance ( t g5u95ess1 t
 solidity ( tra9+ & culture2  to be     
sure1 )\t !reby deceiv+ !mselves1 )\t   
!reby  impos+ p]petual sil5ce on _! bad 
consci5ces4 ,= y "k well  en\gh t all   
great mod]n arti/s suff] f bad          
consci5ces84447                         
#cfg4    ,h[ "o has to ,di/+ui% fir/ (  
all 9 ,works ( ,art4--,ev]y?+  t is     
?\ght1 v]sifi$1 pa9t$ & compos$1 yea1   
ev5 built &  m\ld$1 belongs ei!r to     
monologic art1 or to art be=e witnesses4
  ,"u ! latt] !re is also to be includ$ 
! app>5tly monologic  art :i* involves !
 belief 9 ,god1 ! :ole lyric ( pray]2   
because  = a pi\s man !re is no         
solitude1--we1 ! godless1 h be5 !  fir/ 
to devise ?is inv5tion4 ,i "k ( no      
pr(\nd] di/9ction 9  all ! p]spective ( 
! arti/ ?an ?is3 ,:e!r he looks at 8    
gr[+ "w ( art 7at himself--7 ) ! eye ( !
 witness2 or  :e!r he has =gott5 ! _w1 z
 is ! ess5tial ?+ 9 all  monologic      
art1----x re/s on =gett+1 x is ! music (
 =gett+4                                

#cfh4    ,! ,cynic ,speaks4--,my        
objections to ,wagn]'s music are        
physiological  objections4 ,:y %\ld ,i  
!re=e beg9 by disguis+ !m "u  /hetic    
=mul8 ,my po9t is t ,i c no long] brea! 
freely :5  ?is music beg9s to op]ate on 
me2 my foot imm$iately becomes          
indignant at x & rebels3 = :at x ne$s is
 "t1 dance & m>*2  x dem&s fir/ ( all f 
music ! ec/asies :i* are 9 good  walk+1 
/rid+1 leap+ & danc+4 ,b d n my /oma*1  
my he>t1  my blood & my b[els also      
prote/8 ,d ,i n become ho>se unaw>es  "u
 its influ5ce8 ,& !n ,i ask myself :at x
 is really t my  body wants f music     
g5]ally4 ,i believe x wants to h relief3
  s t all animal functions %\ld be      
accel]at$ by means ( light1  bold1      
unfett]$1 self-assur$ rhy?ms2 s t braz51
 lead5 life  %\ld be gild$ by means (   
gold51 good1 t5d] h>monies4 ,my         
melan*oly w\ld fa9 re/ its head 9 !     
hid+-places & abysses (  p]fection3 =   
?is reason ,i ne$ music4 ,:at d ,i c>e =
 !  drama6 ,:at d ,i c>e = ! spasms (   

its moral ec/asies1 9 :i*  ! p h _!     
satisfaction6 ,:at d ,i c>e = ! :ole    
pantomimic hocus-pocus ( ! actor6444 ,x 
w n[ be div9$ t ,i am  ess5tially       
anti-!atrical at he>t1--b ,wagn] on !   
contr>y1 0  ess5tially a man ( ! /age & 
an actor1 ! mo/ en?usia/ic              
mumm]-wor%ipp] t has ev] exi/$1 ev5     
among musicians6444 ,&  let x be said 9 
pass+ t if ,wagn]'s !ory 0 t drama is ! 
object1 & music is only ! means to x1--8
 practice on !  contr>y f beg9n+ to end 
has be5 to ! effect t attitude is  !    
object1 drama & ev5 music c nev] be     
any?+ else b means to  t4 ,music z a    
means ( elucidat+1 /r5g!n+ & int5sify+  
dramatic poses & ! actor's appeal to !  
s5ses1 & ,wagn]ian drama  only an       
opportunity = a numb] ( dramatic        
attitudes6 ,wagn]  possess$1 along ) all
 o!r in/9cts1 ! dictatorial in/9ct ( a  
great actor 9 all & ev]y?+1 & z has be5 
said1 also z a  musician4--,i once made 
?is cle> ) "s tr\ble to a ?or\gh-go+    
,wagn]ian1 & ,i _h reasons = add+3--,d  

be a little m hone/  ) y\rself3 we are n
 n[ 9 ! !atre4 ,9 ! !atre we are only   
hone/ 9 ! mass2 z individuals we lie1 we
 belie ev5 ourselves4 ,we  leave        
ourselves at home :5 we g to ! !atre2 we
 !re r5\nce !  "r to our own tongue &   
*oice1 to our ta/e1 & ev5 to our  c\rage
 z we possess x & practise x )9 our own 
f\r walls 9  relation to ,god & man4 ,no
 "o takes 8 f9e/ ta/e 9 art into !      
!atre ) him1 n ev5 ! arti/ :o works = ! 
!atre3 !re  "o is p1 public1 h]d1 woman1
 ,ph>isee1 vot+ animal1 democrat1       
neighb\r1 & fell[-creature2 !re ev5 !   
mo/ p]sonal consci5ce  succumbs to !    
levell+ *>m ( ! 'great multitude'2 !re  
/upidity op]ates z wantonness &         
contagion2 !re ! neighb\r  rules1 !re "o
 becomes a neighb\r4444 7,i h =gott5 to 
m5tion  :at my enlight5$ ,wagn]ian      
answ]$ to my physiological objections3  
,s ! fact is t y are really n heal?y    
en\gh = our music8--7                   
#cfi4    ,juxtapositions 9 u4--,mu/ we n
 ackn[l$ge to ourselves1 we  arti/s1 t  

!re is a /range discrepancy 9 u2 t on ! 
"o h&  our ta/e1 & on ! o!r h& our      
creative p[]1 keep ap>t 9 an            
extraord9>y mann]1 cont9ue ap>t1 & h a  
sep>ate gr[?2--,i mean  to say t !y h   
entirely diff]5t gradations & tempi (   
age1  y\?1 maturity1 mell[ness &        
rott5ness8 ,s t1 = example1 a  musician 
c\ld all 8 life create ?+s :i*          
contradict all t  8 e> & he>t1 spoilt z 
!y are = li/5+1 prize1 reli% &          
pref]3--he w\ld n ev5 require to be aw>e
 ( ! contradiction6 ,z  an almo/        
pa9fully regul> exp]i5ce %[s1 a p]son's 
ta/e c  easily outgr[ ! ta/e ( 8 p[]1   
ev5 )\t ! latt] be+  !reby p>alys$ or   
*eck$ 9 its productivity4 ,! rev]se1    
h[ev]1  c also to "s ext5t take         
place1--& x is to ?is especially t ,i   
%\ld l to direct ! att5tion ( arti/s4 ,a
 con/ant produc]1 a  man :o is a "m 9 ! 
gr& s5se ( ! t]m1 "o :o no long]  kn[s  
or he>s ( any?+ except pregnancies &    
*ild-b$s ( 8  _s1 :o has no "t at all to
 reflect & make comp>isons )  reg>d to  

himself & 8 "w1 :o is also no long]     
incl9$ to  ex]cise 8 ta/e1 b simply     
=gets x1 lett+ x take its *ance (  /&+1 
ly+ or fall+1--p]haps su* a man at la/  
produces works  on :i* he is !n n at all
 fit to pass a judgm5t3 s t he  speaks &
 ?9ks fooli%ly ab\t !m & ab\t himself4  
,?is seems to  me almo/ ! normal        
condition ) fruitful arti/s1--nobody    
kn[s a  *ild worse ?an its p>5ts--& !   
rule applies ev5 7to take an  imm5se    
example7 to ! entire ,greek _w ( poetry 
& art1 :i* 0  nev] consci\s ( :at x _h  
done4444                                
#cgj4    ,:at is ,romanticism8--,x w be 
rememb]$ p]haps1 at lea/ among my       
fri5ds1 t at fir/ ,i assail$ ! mod]n _w 
) "s gross  errors & exagg]ations1 b at 
any rate ) hope 9 my he>t4 ,i           
recognis$--:o kn[s f :at p]sonal        
exp]i5ces8--! philosophical  pessimism (
 ! n9ete5? c5tury z ! symptom ( a high] 
p[] (  ?\ght1 a m d>+ c\rage & a m      
triumphant pl5itude ( life  ?an _h be5  
*>act]i/ic ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! age ( 

,hume1  ,kant1 ,condillac1 & !          
s5suali/s3 s t ! tragic view ( ?+s      
seem$ to me ! peculi> luxury ( our      
culture1 its mo/ preci\s1  noble1 &     
dang]\s mode ( prodigality2 b nev]!less1
 9 view (  its ov]fl[+ weal?1 a         
ju/ifiable luxury4 ,9 ! same way ,i     
int]pret$ = myself ,g]man music z !     
expression ( a ,dionysian  p[] 9 !      
,g]man s\l3 ,i ?\ght ,i he>d 9 x !      
e>?quake by  means ( :i* a primeval =ce 
t _h be5 imprison$ = ages 0  f9ally f9d+
 v5t--indiff]5t z to :e!r all t usually 
calls  itself culture 0 !reby made to   
tott]4 ,x is obvi\s t ,i !n  misund]/ood
 :at con/itutes ! v]itable "* bo? (     
philosophical pessimism & ( ,g]man      
music1--namely1 _!  ,romanticism4 ,:at  
is ,romanticism8 ,e art & e philosophy  
may  be reg>d$ z a heal+ & help+        
appliance 9 ! s]vice (  gr[+1 /ruggl+   
life3 !y always presuppose suff]+ &     
suff]]s4 ,b !re are two k9ds ( suff]]s3 
on ! "o h& ^?  t suff] f ov]fl[+        
vitality1 :o ne$ ,dionysian art1 &      

require a tragic view & insight into    
life2 & on ! o!r h& ^?  :o suff] f r$uc$
 vitality1 :o seek repose1 quietness1   
calm  seas1 & deliv]ance f !mselves     
?r\gh art or k1 or else  intoxication1  
spasm1 bewild]m5t & madness4 ,all       
,romanticism 9 art  & k responds to !   
tw(old crav+ ( ! latt]2 to !m           
,s*op5hau] z well z ,wagn] respond$ 7&  
responds71--to "n ^?  mo/ celebrat$ &   
decid$ romantici/s :o 7 !n misund]/ood  
by me 7n h[ev] to _! disadvantage1 z may
 be reasonably  conc$$ to me74 ,! be+   
ri*e/ 9 ov]fl[+ vitality1 !  ,dionysian 
,god & man1 may n only all[ himself !   
spectacle ( !  horrible & que/ionable1 b
 ev5 ! fe>ful de$ itself1 & all !       
luxury ( de/ruction1 disorganisation &  
negation4 ,) him evil1  s5selessness &  
ugl9ess seem z x 7 lic5s$1 9 consequ5ce 
(  ! ov]fl[+ pl5itude ( procreative1    
fructify+ p[]1 :i* c  conv]t e des]t    
into a luxuriant or*>d4 ,conv]sely1 !   
greate/  suff]]1 ! man poore/ 9         
vitality1 w\ld h mo/ ne$ ( mildness1    

peace & k9dl9ess 9 ?\ght & action3 he   
w\ld ne$1 if possible1  a ,god :o is    
specially ! ,god ( ! sick1 a ,savi\r2   
simil>ly he  w\ld h ne$ ( logic1 !      
ab/ract intelligibility ( exi/5ce--=    
logic soo!s & gives confid5ce2--9 %ort  
he w\ld ne$ a c]ta9  w>m1 fe>-dispell+  
n>r[ness & imprisonm5t )9 optimi/ic     
horizons4 ,9 ?is mann] ,i gradually     
began to und]/& ,epicurus1 !  opposite (
 a ,dionysian pessimi/2--9 a simil>     
mann] also !  ,*ri/ian1 :o 9 fact is    
only a type ( ,epicurean1 & l him       
ess5tially a romantici/3--& my vision   
has always become ke5] 9  trac+ t mo/   
difficult & insidi\s ( all =ms (        
retrospective  inf]5ce1 :i* mo/ mi/akes 
h be5 made--! inf]5ce f !  "w to its    
au?or1 f ! de$ to its do]1 f ! ideal to 
him :o  ne$s x1 f e mode ( ?9k+ & valu+ 
to ! imp]ative  want beh9d x4--,9 reg>d 
to all /hetic values ,i n[ avail myself 
(  ?is radical di/9ction3 ,i ask 9 e    
s+le case1 ,has hung] or  sup]fluity    
become creative "h8 ,at ! outset ano!r  

di/9ction  might seem to recomm5d itself
 m--x is f> m conspicu\s1--namely1  to h
 9 view :e!r ! desire = rigidity1 =     
p]petuation1 =  be+ is ! cause ( !      
creat+1 or ! desire = de/ruction1 =     
*ange1 = ! new1 = ! future--= becom+4 ,b
 :5 look$ at  m c>efully1 bo? ^! k9ds ( 
desire prove !mselves ambigu\s1  & are  
explicable precisely accord+ to !       
be=e-m5tion$ &1 z  x seems to me1       
rightly pref]r$ s*eme4 ,! desire =      
de/ruction1  *ange & becom+1 may be !   
expression ( ov]fl[+ p[]1  pregnant )   
futurity 7my t]m9us = ?is is ( c\rse !  
^w  ,dionysian72 b x may also be ! hatr$
 ( ! ill-con/itut$1  de/itute &         
un=tunate1 :i* de/roys1 & mu/ de/roy1   
because  ! endur+1 yea1 all t endures1 9
 fact all be+1 excites &  provokes x4   
,to und]/& ?is emotion we h b to look   
closely at  our an>*i/s4 ,! w to        
p]petuation requires equally a d\ble    
int]pretation4 ,x may on ! "o h& proce$ 
f gratitude &  love3--art ( ?is orig9 w 
always be an art ( apo!osis1 p]haps     

di?yrambic1 z ) ,rub5s1 mock+ div9ely1 z
 ) ,hafiz1 or cle>  & k9d-he>t$ z )     
,goe!1 & spread+ a ,hom]ic brightness & 
glory ov] ev]y?+ 79 ?is case ,i speak ( 
,apollonian art74 ,x may  also1 h[ev]1  
be ! tyrannical w ( a sorely-suff]+1    
/ruggl+  or tortur$ be+1 :o w\ld l to   
/amp 8 mo/ p]sonal1 individual  & n>r[  
*>act]i/ics1 ! v idiosyncrasy ( 8       
suff]+1 z  an obligatory law & con/ra9t 
on o!rs2 :o1 z x 71 takes  rev5ge on all
 ?+s1 9 t he impr9ts1 en=ces & br&s 8   
image1 ! image ( 8 torture1 ^u !m4 ,!   
latt] is romantic  pessimism 9 its mo/  
extreme =m1 :e!r x be z ,s*op5hau]ian   
w-philosophy1 or z ,wagn]ian            
music3--romantic pessimism1 ! la/  great
 ev5t 9 ! de/9y ( our civilisation4 7,t 
!re may be  q a diff]5t k9d ( pessimism1
 a classical pessimism--?is  pres5tim5t 
& vision belongs to me1 z some?+        
insep>able f me1  z my proprium &       
ipsissimum2 only t ! ^w classical is    
repugnant to my e>s1 x has become f> too
 worn2 too indef9ite &  indi/+ui%able4  

,i call t pessimism ( ! future1--= x is 
com+6 ,i see x com+6--,dionysian        
pessimism47                             
#cga4    ,we ,un9telligible ,ones4--,h  
we ev] compla9$ among ourselves (  be+  
misund]/ood1 misjudg$1 & conf\nd$ )     
o!rs2 ( be+  calumniat$1 mi%e>d1 & n    
he>d8 ,t is j our lot--alas1 = a  long  
"t yet6 say1 to be mode/1 until #aija--1
 x is also our  di/9ction2 we %\ld n h  
suffici5t respect = ourselves if we     
wi%$ x o!rwise4 ,p conf\nd u ) o!rs--!  
reason ( x is  t we ourselves gr[1 we   
*ange cont9ually1 we ca/ (f old b>k1 we 
/ill sl\gh e spr+1 we always become     
y\ng]1 high]1 /rong]1  z m5 ( ! future1 
we ?ru/ our roots always m p[]fully into
  ! deep--into evil--1 :ile at ! same "t
 we embrace ! heav5s ev]  m lov+ly1 m   
ext5sively1 & suck 9 _! light ev] m     
eag]ly ) all our bran*es & leaves4 ,we  
gr[ l trees--t is  difficult to und]/&1 
l all life6--n 9 "o place1 b  ev]y:]e1 n
 9 "o direction only1 b upw>ds &        
outw>ds1 z well  z inw>ds & d[nw>ds4 ,at

 ! same "t our =ce %oots =? 9  /em1     
bran*es1 & roots2 we are really no long]
 free to d any?+  sep>ately1 or to be   
any?+ sep>ately4444 ,su* is our lot1 z  
we  h said3 we gr[ 9 height2 & ev5 %\ld 
x be our calamity--=  we dwell ev] clos]
 to ! lightn+6--well1 we hon\r x none ! 
less  on t acc\nt2 x is t :i* we d n wi%
 to %>e ) o!rs1  :i* we d n wi% to be/[ 
^u o!rs1 ! fate ( all elevation1  our   
fate4444                                
#cgb4    ,:y we are n ,ideali/s4--,=m]ly
 philosoph]s 7 afraid ( !  s5ses3 h we1 
p]haps1 be5 f> too =getful ( ?is fe>8   
,we are at  pres5t all ( u s5suali/s1 we
 repres5tatives ( ! pres5t & (  ! future
 9 philosophy1--n accord+ to !ory1      
h[ev]1 b 9  praxis1 9 practice4444 ,^?  
=m] philosoph]s1 on ! contr>y1  ?\ght t 
! s5ses lur$ !m out ( _! _w1 ! cold     
realm  ( ideas1 to a dang]\s s\!rn isl&1
 :]e !y 7 afraid t  _!                  
philosoph]-virtues w\ld melt away l sn[ 
9 ! sun4 ,wax 9  ! e>s1 0 !n almo/ a    
condition ( philosophis+2 a g5u9e       

philosoph] no long] li/5$ to life1 9 s  
f> z life is music1 he  d5i$ ! music (  
life--x is an old philosophical         
sup]/ition t  all music is ,sir5s'      
music4--,n[ we %\ld be incl9$ at !      
pres5t day  to judge precisely 9 !      
opposite mann] 7:i* 9 itself might be j 
z false71 & to reg>d ideas1 ) _! cold1  
anmic appe>ance1  & n ev5 9 spite ( ?is 
appe>ance1 z worse s$uc]s ?an !  s5ses4 
,!y h always liv$ on ! blood ( !        
philosoph]1 !y  always consum$ 8 s5ses1 
& inde$1 if y w believe me1 8  he>t z   
well4 ,^? old philosoph]s 7 he>tless3   
philosophis+  0 always a species (      
vampirism4 ,at ! sight ( su* figures ev5
 z  ,sp9oza1 d y n feel a pr(\ndly      
enigmatical & disquiet+ sort  (         
impression8 ,d y n see ! drama :i* is "h
 p]=m$1 !  con/antly increas+ pallor--1 
! spiritualisation always m  ideally    
display$8 ,d y n imag9e "s long-conceal$
 blood-suck]  9 ! backgr\nd1 :i* makes  
its beg9n+ ) ! s5ses1 & 9 !  end reta9s 
or leaves beh9d no?+ b bones & _!       

rattl+8--,i  mean categories1 =mul1 &   
words 7= y w p>don me 9 say+  t :at     
rema9s ( ,sp9oza1 amor intellectualis   
dei1 is rattl+  & no?+ m6 ,:at is amor1 
:at is deus1 :5 !y h lo/  e drop (      
blood84447 ,9 summa3 all philosophical  
idealism has  hi!rto be5 some?+ l a     
disease1 :]e x has n be51 z 9 !  case ( 
,plato1 ! prud5ce ( sup]abundant &      
dang]\s  heal?fulness1 ! fe> ( ov]p[]ful
 s5ses1 & ! wisdom ( a  wise            
,socratic4--,p]haps1 is x ! case t we   
mod]ns are m]ely n  suffici5tly s\nd to 
require ,plato's idealism8 ,& we d n fe>
 !  s5ses because----4                  
#cgc4    ,sci5ce z ,prejudice4--,x      
foll[s f ! laws ( class di/9ction  t !  
le>n$1 9 s f> z !y belong to !          
intellectual  middle-class1 are deb>r$ f
 gett+ ev5 a sight ( ! really  great    
problems & notes ( int]rogation4        
,besides1 _! c\rage1 &  simil>ly _!     
outlook1 does n rea* s f>1--& above all1
 _!  ne$1 :i* makes !m inve/igators1 _! 
innate anticipation &  desire t ?+s %\ld

 be con/itut$ 9 su* & su* a way1 _!     
fe>s & hopes are too soon quiet$ & set  
at re/4 ,= example1 t  :i* makes !      
p$antic ,engli%man1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 s    
en?usia/ic 9  8 way1 & impels him to    
draw a l9e ( hope1 a horizon (          
desirability1 ! f9al reconciliation (   
egoism & altruism ( :i*  he dreams1--t  
almo/ causes nausea to p l u3--a        
humanity )  su* ,sp5c]ian p]spectives z 
ultimate p]spectives w\ld seem to u     
des]v+ ( contempt1 ( ext]m9ation6 ,b !  
fact t some?+  has to be tak5 by him z 8
 highe/ hope1 :i* is reg>d$1 & may  well
 be reg>d$1 by o!rs m]ely z a di/a/eful 
possibility1 is a  note ( int]rogation  
:i* ,sp5c] c\ld n h =ese54444 ,x is  j !
 same ) ! belief ) :i* at pres5t s _m   
mat]iali/ic natural-sci5ti/s are cont5t1
 ! belief 9 a _w  :i* is suppos$ to h   
its equival5t & measure 9 human ?9k+  & 
human valuations1 a _w ( tru? at :i* we 
might be able  ultimately to arrive ) ! 
help ( our insignificant1 f\r-corn]$    
human reason6 ,:at8 d we actually wi% to

 h exi/5ce debas$ 9  t fa%ion to a      
ready-reckon] ex]cise & calculation =   
/ay-at-home ma!maticians8 ,we %\ld n1   
above all1 seek to dive/  exi/5ce ( its 
ambigu\s "*3 good ta/e =bids x1         
g5tlem51 ! ta/e ( rev]5ce = ev]y?+ t    
goes beyond y\r  horizon6 ,t a          
_w-int]pretation is alone "r by :i* y   
ma9ta9 y\r position1 by :i* inve/igation
 & "w c g on  sci5tifically 9 y\r s5se  
7y really mean me*anically871 an        
int]pretation :i* ackn[l$ges numb]+1    
calculat+1 weigh+1  see+ & h&l+1 & no?+ 
m--su* an idea is a piece (  grossness &
 navety1 provid$ x is n lunacy & idiocy4
 ,w\ld !  rev]se n be q probable1 t !   
mo/ sup]ficial & ext]nal  *>act]s (     
exi/5ce--its mo/ app>5t quality1 its    
outside1 its  embodim5t--%\ld let       
!mselves be appreh5d$ fir/8 p]haps alone
  all[ !mselves to be appreh5d$8 ,a     
sci5tific int]pretation ( !  _w z y     
und]/& x might consequ5tly /ill be "o ( 
!  /upide/ t is to say1 ! mo/ de/itute (
 significance1 ( all  possible          

_w-int]pretations3--,i say ?is 9        
confid5ce to my fri5ds  ! ,me*anicians1 
:o to-day l to hobnob ) philosoph]s1 &  
absolutely believe t me*anics is ! tea*+
 ( ! fir/ & la/  laws ^u :i*1 z ^u a    
gr\nd-floor1 all exi/5ce mu/ be built4  
,b an ess5tially me*anical _w w\ld be an
 ess5tially  mean+less _w6 ,suppos+ we  
valu$ ! wor? ( a music )  ref]5ce to h[ 
mu* x c\ld be c\nt$1 calculat$1 or      
=mulat$--h[  absurd su* a sci5tific     
e/imate ( music w\ld be6 ,:at w\ld "o  h
 appreh5d$1 und]/ood1 or disc]n$ 9 x6   
,no?+1 absolutely  no?+ ( :at is really 
music 9 x6444                           
#cgd4    ,our new ,inf9ite4--,h[ f> !   
p]spective "* ( exi/5ce  ext5ds1 or :e!r
 x h any o!r "* at all1 :e!r an  exi/5ce
 )\t explanation1 )\t s5se does n j     
become  nons5se1 :e!r1 on ! o!r h&1 all 
exi/5ce is n ess5tially  an expla9+     
exi/5ce--^! que/ions1 z is "r & prop]1  
_c be det]m9$ ev5 by ! mo/ dilig5t &    
sev]ely  consci5ti\s analysis &         
self-exam9ation ( ! intellect1 because 9

  ?is analysis ! human intellect _c     
avoid see+ itself 9 its  p]spective =ms1
 & only 9 !m4 ,we _c see r\nd our corn]3
  x is hopeless curiosity to want to "k 
:at o!r modes ( intellect  & p]spective 
!re might be3 = example1 :e!r any k9d ( 
be+  c\ld p]ceive "t backw>ds1 or       
alt]nately =w>ds & backw>ds 7by  :i*    
ano!r direction ( life & ano!r          
conception ( cause &  effect w\ld be    
giv574 ,b ,i ?9k t we are to-day at lea/
 f> f  ! ludicr\s immode/y ( decree+ f  
our nook t !re c only  be legitimate    
p]spectives f t nook4 ,! _w1 on !       
contr>y1  has once m become inf9ite to  
u3 9 s f> we _c dismiss !  possibility t
 x conta9s inf9ite int]pretations4 ,once
 m !  great horror seizes u--b :o w\ld  
desire =?) to deify once m  ?is mon/] ( 
an unkn[n _w 9 ! old fa%ion8 ,& p]haps  
wor%ip ! unkn[n ?+ z ! unkn[n p]son 9   
future8 ,ah6  !re are too _m ungodly    
possibilities ( int]pretation compris$  
9 ?is unkn[n1 too mu* devilm5t1 /upidity
 & folly (  int]pretation4--also our own

 human1 all too human int]pretation     
itself1  :i* we "k4444                  
#cge4    ,:y we ,seem to be             
,epicureans4--,we are cauti\s1 we mod]n 
m51 )  reg>d to f9al convictions1 our   
di/ru/ lies 9 wait = !  en*antm5ts &    
tricks ( consci5ce involv$ 9 e /rong    
belief1  9 e absolute ,yea & ,nay3 h[ is
 ?is expla9$8 ,p]haps "o may  see 9 x a 
good deal ( ! caution ( ! burnt *ild1 ( 
!  disillusion$ ideali/2 b "o may also  
see 9 x ano!r & bett]  elem5t1 ! joyful 
curiosity ( a =m] l+]] 9 ! corn]1 :o    
has be5 br\ght to despair by 8 nook1 &  
n[ luxuriates & revels  9 its anti!sis1 
9 ! unb\nd$1 9 ! op5 air 9 itself4 ,?us 
!re is develop$ an almo/ ,epicurean     
incl9ation = k1 :i*  does n readily lose
 sight ( ! que/ionable "* ( ?+s2        
likewise also a repugnance to pomp\s    
moral phrases & attitudes1 a  ta/e t    
repudiates all co>se1 squ>e contra/s1 & 
is pr\dly  consci\s ( its habitual      
res]ve4 ,= ?is too con/itutes our pride1
  ?is easy tight5+ ( ! re9s 9 our       

headlong impulse aft]  c]ta9ty1 ?is     
self-control ( ! rid] 9 8 mo/ furi\s    
rid+3  = n[1 z ( old we h mad1 fi]y /e$s
 "u u1 & if we delay1  x is c]ta9ly lea/
 ( all ! dang] :i* causes u to delay4444
                                        
#cgf4    ,our ,sl[ ,p]iods4--,x is ?us t
 arti/s feel1 & all m5 (  works1 !      
mat]nal species ( m53 !y always believe 
at e  *apt] ( _! life--a "w always makes
 a *apt]--t !y h  already rea*$ ! goal  
itself2 !y w\ld always pati5tly accept  
dea? ) ! feel+3 we are ripe = x4 ,?is is
 n ! expression  ( exhau/ion1--b r t ( a
 c]ta9 autumnal sunn9ess &  mildness1   
:i* ! "w itself1 ! matur+ ( ! "w1 always
 leaves  beh9d 9 its orig9ator4 ,!n !   
tempo ( life sl[s d[n--turns  ?ick &    
fl[s ) honey--into long pauses1 into !  
belief 9 !  long pause4444              
#cgg4    ,we ,homeless ,ones4--,among ! 
,europeans ( to-day !re are n lack+  ^? 
:o may call !mselves homeless ones 9 a  
way :i* is at once a  di/9ction & an    
hon\r2 x is by !m t my secret wisdom &  

gaya  sci5za is expressly to be laid to 
he>t4 ,= _! lot is h>d1 _!  hope        
unc]ta92 x is a clev] feat to devise    
consolation = !m4 ,b  :at good does x d6
 ,we *ildr5 ( ! future1 h[ c\ld we be at
  home 9 ! pres5t8 ,we are unfav\rable  
to all ideals :i* c\ld make  u feel at  
home 9 ?is frail1 brok5-d[n1 transition 
p]iod2 & z  reg>ds ! realities !re(1 we 
d n believe 9 _! endurance4  ,! ice :i* 
/ill c>ries u has become v ?93 ! ?aw+   
w9d  bl[s2 we ourselves1 ! homeless     
ones1 are an influ5ce t breaks !  ice1 &
 ! o!r all too ?9 realities4444 ,we     
pres]ve no?+1  nor w\ld we return to any
 pa/ age2 we are n at all lib]al1 we d  
n lab\r = progress1 we d n ne$ fir/ to  
/op our e>s to !  song ( ! m>ket-place &
 ! sir5s ( ! future--_! song (  equal   
rights1 free society1 no long] ei!r     
lords or slaves1 does  n allure u6 ,we d
 n by any means ?9k x desirable t !     
k+dom ( righte\sness & peace %\ld be    
e/abli%$ on e>?  7because "u any        
circum/ances x w\ld be ! k+dom ( !      

pr(\nde/ m$iocrity & ,*9aism72 we       
rejoice 9 all m51 :o1 l  ourselves1 love
 dang]1 w> & adv5ture1 :o d n make      
compromises1  nor let !mselves be       
captur$1 conciliat$ & /unt$2 we c\nt    
ourselves among ! conqu]ors2 we pond]   
ov] ! ne$ ( a new ord]  ( ?+s1 ev5 ( a  
new slav]y--= e /r5g!n+ & elevation  ( !
 type man also involves a new =m (      
slav]y4 ,is x n obvi\s  t ) all ?is we  
mu/ feel ill at ease 9 an age :i* claims
 !  hon\r ( be+ ! mo/ humane1 g5tle & j 
t ! sun has ev]  se58 ,:at a pity t at !
 m]e m5tion ( ^! f9e words1 !  ?\ghts at
 ! back ( our m9ds are all ! m          
unpleasant1 t we  see !re9 only !       
expression--or ! masqu]ade--( pr(\nd    
weak5+1  exhau/ion1 age1 & decl9+ p[]6  
,:at c x matt] to u ) :at  k9d ( t9sel  
an invalid decks out 8 weakness8 ,he may
 p>ade x z  8 virtue2 !re is no d\bt    
:atev] t weakness makes p  g5tle1 alas1 
s g5tle1 s j1 s in(f5sive1 s humane6--,!
  religion ( pity1 to :i* p w\ld l to   
p]suade u--yes1 we  "k suffici5tly well 

! hy/]ical little m5 & wom5 :o ne$ ?is  
religion at pres5t z a cloak & adornm5t6
 ,we are no humanit>ians2  we %\ld n d>e
 to speak ( our love ( mank9d2 = t1 a   
p]son  ( our /amp is n en\gh ( an actor6
 ,or n suffici5tly  ,sa9t-,simoni/1 n   
suffici5tly ,fr5*4 ,a p]son mu/ h be5   
affect$ ) a ,gallic excess ( erotic     
susceptibility & amor\s  impati5ce ev5  
to approa* mank9d hon\rably ) 8         
lewdness4444  ,mank9d6 ,0 !re ev] a m   
hide\s old woman among all old wom5     
7unless p]haps x 7 ! ,tru?3 a "q =      
philosoph]s78 ,no1  we d n love ,mank9d6
 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 we are n ne>ly    
,g]man en\gh 79 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w ,g]man
 is curr5t at  pres5t7 to advocate      
nationalism & race-hatr$1 or take       
delight 9 !  national he>t-it* &        
blood-poison+1 on acc\nt ( :i* ! nations
  ( ,europe are at pres5t b\nd$ (f &    
seclud$ f "o ano!r z if  by qu>ant9es4  
,we are too unprejudic$ = t1 too p]v]se1
 too  fa/idi\s2 also too well-in=m$1 &  
too mu* travell$4 ,we pref]  mu* r to   

live on m\nta9s1 ap>t & out ( season1 9 
pa/ or  com+ c5turies1 9 ord] m]ely to  
sp>e ourselves ! sil5t rage to  :i* we  
"k we %\ld be condemn$ z witnesses ( a  
sy/em (  politics :i* makes ! ,g]man    
nation b>r5 by mak+ x va91 &  :i* is a  
petty sy/em besides3--w x n be necess>y 
= ?is  sy/em to plant itself betwe5 two 
mortal hatr$s1 le/ its own creation     
%\ld imm$iately collapse8 ,w x n be     
oblig$ to desire !  p]petuation ( !     
petty-/ate sy/em ( ,europe8444 ,we      
homeless ones  are too div]se & mix$ 9  
race & desc5t z mod]n m51 & are         
consequ5tly little tempt$ to p>ticipate 
9 ! falsifi$ racial  self-admiration &  
lewdness :i* at pres5t display !mselves 
9  ,g]many1 z signs ( ,g]man s5tim5t1 & 
:i* /rike "o z d\bly  false & unbecom+ 9
 ! p ) ! hi/orical s5se4 ,we are1  9 a  
^w--& x %all be our ^w ( hon\r6--good   
,europeans1 !  heirs ( ,europe1 ! ri*1  
ov]-weal?y heirs1 also ! too deeply     
pl$g$ heirs ( mill5niums ( ,european    
?\ght4 ,z su*1 we h also  outgr[n       

,*ri/ianity1 & are dis9cl9$ to x--& j   
because we  h gr[n out ( x1 because our 
=efa!rs 7 ,*ri/ians  uncompromis+ 9 _!  
,*ri/ian integrity1 :o will+ly sacrific$
  possessions & positions1 blood &      
c\ntry1 = ! sake ( _!  belief4 ,we--d ! 
same4 ,= :at1 !n8 ,= our unbelief8 ,=   
all sorts  ( unbelief8 ,nay1 y "k bett] 
?an t1 my fri5ds6 ,! hidd5  ,yea 9 y is 
/rong] ?an all ! ,nays & ,p]hapses1 (   
:i* y  & y\r age are sick2 & :5 y are   
oblig$ to put out to sea1 y  emigrants1 
x is--once m a fai? :i* urges y         
!reto6444                               
#cgh4    ,& once m ,gr[ ,cle>4--,we1 !  
g5]\s & ri* 9 _s1 :o  /& at ! sides ( ! 
/reets l op5 f\nta9s & w\ld h9d]  no "o 
f dr9k+ f u3 we d n "k1 alas6 h[ to     
def5d  ourselves :5 we %\ld l to d s2 we
 h no means ( prev5t+  ourselves be+    
made turbid & d>k1--we h no means (     
prev5t+  ! age 9 :i* we live ca/+ its   
up-to-date rubbi% into u1 nor  ( h9d]+  
fil?y birds ?r[+ _! excrem5t1 ! boys _! 
tra%1 & fatigu$ re/+ travell]s _! mis]y1

 great & small1  into u4 ,b we d z we h 
always done3 we take :atev] is ca/ into 
u d[n into our dep?s--= we are deep1 we 
d n =get--& once m  gr[ cle>4444        
#cgi4    ,! ,fool's ,int]ruption4--,x is
 n a misan?rope :o has writt5 ?is  book3
 ! hatr$ ( m5 co/s too de> to-day4 ,to  
hate z !y =m]ly  hat$ man1 9 ! fa%ion ( 
,timon1 completely1 )\t qualification1  
) all ! he>t1 f ! pure love ( hatr$--= t
 purpose "o  w\ld h to r5\nce           
contempt3--& h[ mu* ref9$ pleasure1 h[  
mu*  pati5ce1 h[ mu* b5evol5ce ev51 d we
 owe to contempt6 ,moreov] we  are !reby
 ! elect ( ,god3 ref9$ contempt is our  
ta/e &  privilege1 our art1 our virtue  
p]haps1 we1 ! mo/ mod]n among/ !        
mod]ns6444 ,hatr$1 on ! contr>y1 makes  
equal1 x puts m5 face to  face1 9 hatr$ 
!re is hon\r2 f9ally1 9 hatr$ !re is    
fe>1  q a l>ge am\nt ( fe>4 ,we fe>less 
ones1 h[ev]1 we1 ! mo/  intellectual m5 
( ! p]iod1 "k our advantage well en\gh  
to live  )\t fe> z ! mo/ intellectual   
p]sons ( ?is age4 ,p w  n easily behead 

u1 %ut u up1 or bani% u2 !y w n ev5 ban 
or burn our books4 ,! age loves         
intellect1 x loves u1 & ne$s u1  ev5 :5 
we h to give x to und]/& t we are arti/s
 9  despis+2 t all int]c\rse ) m5 is    
some?+ ( a horror to u2  t ) all our    
g5tl5ess1 pati5ce1 humanity &           
c\rte\sness1 we  _c p]suade our nose to 
ab&on its prejudice aga9/ ! proximity  (
 man2 t we love nature ! m1 ! less      
humanly ?+s are done  by h]1 & t we love
 art :5 x is ! flight ( ! arti/ f  man1 
or ! raill]y ( ! arti/ at man1 or !     
raill]y ( ! arti/  at himself4444       
#chj4    ,! ,w&]] ,speaks4--,9 ord] =   
once to get a glimpse ( our  ,european  
morality f a di/ance1 9 ord] to comp>e x
 ) o!r  e>li] or future moralities1 "o  
mu/ d z ! travell] :o wants to  "k !    
height ( ! t[]s ( a city3 = t purpose he
 leaves  ! city4 ,?\ghts conc]n+ moral  
prejudices1 if !y are n to be           
prejudices conc]n+ prejudices1          
presuppose a position outside (         
morality1 "s sort ( _w beyond good &    

evil1 to :i* "o mu/  asc5d1 climb1 or   
fly--& 9 ! giv5 case at any rate1 a     
position  beyond our good & evil1 an    
emancipation f all ,europe1  und]/ood z 
a sum ( inviolable valuations :i* h     
become "p &  p>cel ( our fle% & blood4  
,t "o wants 9 fact to get outside1  or  
al(t1 is p]haps a sort ( madness1 a     
peculi>ly unreasonable ?\  mu/--= ev5 we
 ?9k]s h our idiosyncrasies ( unfree    
w--3  ! "q is :e!r "o c really get !re4 
,t may dep5d on  manifold conditions3 9 
! ma9 x is a "q ( h[ light or h[  heavy 
we are1 ! problem ( our specific        
gravity4 ,"o mu/ be v  light 9 ord] to  
impel "o's w to k to su* a di/ance1 &  z
 x 7 beyond "o's age1 9 ord] to create  
eyes = oneself = !  survey ( mill5niums1
 & a pure heav5 9 ^! eyes besides6 ,"o  
mu/  h fre$ oneself f _m ?+s by :i* we  
,europeans ( to-day are  oppress$1      
h9d]$1 held d[n1 & made heavy4 ,! man ( 
su* a  ,beyond1 :o wants to get ev5 9   
sight ( ! highe/ /&>ds (  wor? ( 8 age1 
mu/ fir/ ( all surm\nt ?is age 9        

himself--x is  ! te/ ( 8 p[]--&         
consequ5tly n only 8 age1 b also 8  pa/ 
av]sion & opposition to 8 age1 8 suff]+ 
caus$ by 8  age1 8 unseasonabl5ess1 8   
,romanticism4444                        
#cha4    ,! ,"q ( ,intelligibility4--,"o
 n only wants to be und]/ood  :5 "o     
writes1 b also--q z c]ta9ly--n to be    
und]/ood4 ,x  is by no means an         
objection to a book :5 someone f9ds x   
un9telligible3 p]haps ?is might j h be5 
! int5tion ( its  au?or1--p]haps he did 
n want to be und]/ood by anyone4 ,a     
di/+ui%$ intellect & ta/e1 :5 x wants to
 communicate its  ?\ghts1 always selects
 its he>]s2 by select+ !m1 x at ! same  
"t closes its b>ri]s aga9/ ! o!rs4 ,x is
 !re t all !  m ref9$ laws ( /yle h _!  
orig93 !y at ! same "t keep  (f1 !y     
create di/ance1 !y prev5t access        
7intelligibility1 z we  h said17--:ile  
!y op5 ! e>s ( ^? :o are ac\/ically     
relat$ to !m4 ,& to say x betwe5        
ourselves & ) ref]5ce to  my own        
case1--,i d n desire t ei!r my          

ignorance1 or ! vivacity  ( my          
temp]am5t1 %\ld prev5t me be+ und]/ood  
by y1 my  fri5ds3 ,i c]ta9ly d n desire 
t my vivacity %\ld h t  effect1 h[ev]   
mu* x may impel me to arrive quickly at 
an object1 9  ord] to arrive at x at    
all4 ,= ,i ?9k x is be/ to d ) pr(\nd   
problems z ) a cold ba?--quickly 91     
quickly out4 ,t "o does n  !reby get    
into ! dep?s1 t "o does n get deep en\gh
 d[n--is  a sup]/ition ( ! hydrophobic1 
! enemies ( cold wat]2 !y speak  )\t    
exp]i5ce4 ,oh6 ! great cold makes "o    
quick6--,& let me ask  by ! way3 ,is x a
 fact t a ?+ has be5 misund]/ood &      
unrecognis$ :5 x has only be5 t\*$ ^u 9 
pass+1 glanc$ at1  fla%$ at8 ,mu/ "o    
absolutely sit ^u x 9 ! fir/ place8 ,mu/
 "o  h brood$ on x z on an egg8 ,diu    
noctuque incub&o1 z ,newton  said (     
himself8 ,at lea/ !re are tru?s ( a     
peculi> %yness &  tickli%ness :i* "o c  
only get hold ( sudd5ly1 & 9 no o!r     
way1--:i* "o mu/ ei!r take by surprise1 
or leave alone4444  ,f9ally1 my brevity 

has /ill ano!r value3 on ^? que/ions :i*
  pre-occupy me1 ,i mu/ say a great deal
 briefly1 9 ord] t x may be  he>d yet m 
briefly4 ,= z immorali/1 "o has to take 
c>e le/ "o  ru9s innoc5ce1 ,i mean !    
asses & old maids ( bo? sexes1 :o get   
no?+ f life b _! innoc5ce2 moreov] my   
writ+s are meant to  fill !m )          
en?usiasm1 to elevate !m1 to enc\rage !m
 9 virtue4  ,i %\ld be at a loss to "k (
 any?+ m amus+ ?an to see  en?usia/ic   
old asses & maids mov$ by ! sweet feel+s
 ( virtue3  & t h ,i se5--spake         
,z>a?u/ra4 ,s mu* ) respect to  brevity2
 ! matt] /&s worse z reg>ds my          
ignorance1 ( :i* ,i  make no secret to  
myself4 ,!re are h\rs 9 :i* ,i am a%am$ 
( x2  to be sure !re are likewise h\rs 9
 :i* ,i am a%am$ ( ?is %ame4  ,p]haps we
 philosoph]s1 all ( u1 are badly plac$  
at pres5t )  reg>d to k3 sci5ce is gr[+1
 ! mo/ le>n$ ( u are on  ! po9t (       
discov]+ t we "k too little4 ,b x w\ld  
be worse  /ill if x 7 o!rwise1--if we   
knew too mu*2 our duty is &  rema9s1    

fir/ ( all1 n to get into confusion ab\t
 ourselves4 ,we  are diff]5t f ! le>n$2 
al?\gh x _c be d5i$ t  among/ o!r ?+s we
 are also le>n$4 ,we h diff]5t ne$s1 a  
diff]5t gr[?1 a diff]5t dige/ion3 we ne$
 m1 we ne$ also  less4 ,!re is no =mula 
z to h[ mu* an intellect ne$s = its     
n\ri%m5t2 if1 h[ev]1 its ta/e be 9 !    
direction ( indep5d5ce1  rapid com+ &   
go+1 travell+1 & p]haps adv5ture = :i*  
only  ! swifte/ are qualifi$1 x pref]s r
 to live free on poor f>e1  ?an to be   
unfree & ple?oric4 ,n fat1 b ! greate/  
suppl5ess  & p[] is :at a good danc]    
wi%es f 8 n\ri%m5t1--& ,i "k  n :at ! _s
 ( a philosoph] w\ld l bett] ?an to be a
 good  danc]4 ,= ! dance is 8 ideal1 &  
also 8 art1 9 ! end  likewise 8 sole    
piety1 8 div9e s]vice4444               
#chb4    ,great ,heal?9ess4--,we1 ! new1
 ! nameless1 ! h>d-to-und]/&1  we       
fir/l+s ( a yet untri$ future--we       
require = a new end also a  new means1  
namely1 a new heal?9ess1 /rong]1 %>p]1  
t\gh]1 bold]  & m]ri] ?an any heal?9ess 

hi!rto4 ,he ^: s\l longs to  exp]i5ce ! 
:ole range ( hi!rto recognis$ values &  
desirabilities1 & to circumnavigate all 
! coa/s ( ?is ideal  ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 
:o1 f ! adv5tures ( 8 mo/ p]sonal       
exp]i5ce1 wants to "k h[ x feels to be a
 conqu]or1 & discov]]  ( ! ideal--z     
likewise h[ x is ) ! arti/1 ! sa9t1 !   
legislator1 ! sage1 ! s*ol>1 ! devotee1 
! prophet1 & !  godly ,noncon=mi/ ( !   
old /yle3--requires "o ?+ above all =  t
 purpose1 great heal?9ess--su* heal?9ess
 z "o n only  possesses1 b also         
con/antly acquires & mu/ acquire1       
because "o  cont9ually sacrifices x     
aga91 & mu/ sacrifice x6--,& n[1 aft]   
hav+ be5 long on ! way 9 ?is fa%ion1 we 
,argonauts ( ! ideal1  :o are m c\rage\s
 p]haps ?an prud5t1 & (t5 en\gh         
%ipwreck$ & br\ght to grief1 nev]!less1 
z said above1 heal?i]  ?an p w\ld l to  
admit1 dang]\sly heal?y1 always heal?y  
aga91--x w\ld seem1 z if 9 recomp5se = x
 all1 t we h a  /ill undiscov]$ c\ntry  
be=e u1 ! b\nd>ies ( :i* no "o has  yet 

se51 a beyond to all c\ntries & corn]s (
 ! ideal kn[n  hi!rto1 a _w s ov]-ri* 9 
! beautiful1 ! /range1 !  que/ionable1 !
 frightful1 & ! div9e1 t our curiosity z
 well  z our ?ir/ = possession !re(1 h  
got out ( h&--alas6 t  no?+ w n[ any    
long] satisfy u6 ,h[ c\ld we /ill be    
cont5t  ) ! man ( ! pres5t day aft] su* 
peeps1 & ) su* a  crav+ 9 our consci5ce 
& consci\sness8 ,:at a pity2 b x is     
unavoidable t we %\ld look on ! wor?ie/ 
aims & hopes ( !  man ( ! pres5t day )  
ill-conceal$ amusem5t1 & p]haps %\ld  no
 long] look at !m4 ,ano!r ideal runs on 
be=e u1 a /range1  tempt+ ideal1 full ( 
dang]1 to :i* we %\ld n l to p]suade    
any "o1 because we d n s readily        
ackn[l$ge any "o's "r  !reto3 ! ideal ( 
a _s :o plays navely 7t is to say       
involunt>ily & f ov]fl[+ abundance &    
p[]7 ) ev]y?+  t has hi!rto be5 call$   
holy1 good1 inviolable1 div9e2 to :om  !
 l(tie/ conception :i* ! p h reasonably 
made _!  measure ( value1 w\ld already  
imply dang]1 ru91 abasem5t1 or at  lea/ 

relaxation1 bl9dness1 or tempor>y       
self-=getfulness2 ! ideal  ( a humanly  
sup]human welf>e & b5evol5ce1 :i* may   
(t5 en\gh  appe> inhuman1 = example1 :5 
put by ! side ( all pa/  s]i\sness on   
e>?1 & 9 comp>ison ) all pa/ solemnities
 9  be>+1 ^w1 tone1 look1 morality &    
pursuit1 z _! true/  involunt>y p>ody1--
 b ) :i*1 nev]!less1 p]haps ! great     
s]i\sness only comm5ces1 ! prop]        
int]rogation m>k is set up1  ! fate ( ! 
s\l *anges1 ! h\r-h& moves1 & trag$y    
beg9s4444                               
#chc4    ,epilogue4--,b :ile ,i sl[ly1  
sl[ly f9i% ! pa9t+ ( ?is  sombre        
int]rogation-m>k1 & am /ill incl9$ to   
rem9d my read]s (  ! virtues ( "r       
read+--oh1 :at =gott5 & unkn[n          
virtues--x  comes to pass t ! wick$e/1  
m]rie/1 gnome-l laught] res\nds  ar\nd  
me3 ! spirits ( my book !mselves p\nce  
^u me1 pull me by  ! e>s1 & call me to  
ord]4 ,we _c endure x any long]1 !y  %\t
 to me1 away1 away ) ?is rav5-black     
music4 ,is x n cle>  morn+ r\nd ab\t u8 

,& gre51 s(t gr\nd & turf1 ! doma9 (  ! 
dance8 ,0 !re ev] a bett] h\r 9 :i* to  
be joyful8 ,:o w  s+ u a song1 a morn+  
song1 s sunny1 s light & s fl$g$ t  x w 
n sc>e ! tantrums1--b w r invite !m to  
take  "p 9 ! s++ & danc+4 ,& bett] a    
simple ru/ic bagpipe ?an  su* weird     
s\nds1 su* toad-croak+s1 grave-voices & 
m>mot-pip+s1  ) :i* y h hi!rto regal$ u 
9 y\r wild]ness1 ,mr ,an*orite  &       
,musician ( ! ,future6 ,no6 ,n su*      
tones6 ,b let u /rike up  some?+ m      
agreeable & m joyful6--,y w\ld l to h x 
s1  my impati5t fri5ds8 ,well6 ,:o w\ld 
n will+ly accord ) y\r  wi%es8 ,my      
bagpipe is wait+1 & my voice also--x may
 s\nd a little  ho>se2 take x z x is6   
don't =get we are 9 ! m\nta9s6 ,b :at  y
 w he> is at lea/ new2 & if y d n und]/&
 x1 if y  misund]/& ! s+]1 :at does x   
matt]6 ,t--has always be5  ,! ,s+]'s    
,curse4#ad ,s mu* ! m di/9ctly c y he> 8
  music & melody1 s mu* ! bett] also c  
y--dance to 8 pip+4  ,w\ld y l to d     
t8444    -----    ,footnote #aa3      ,9

 ,g]man ! expression ,kopf zu was*51    
besides ! lit]al s5se1    also means to 
give a p]son a s\nd drubb+4--,,tr4      
,footnote #ab3      ,g]many1 ,g]many1   
above all3 ! fir/ l9e ( ! ,g]man        
national    song4--,,tr4    ,footnote   
#ac3      ,an allusion to ! ,g]man      
,prov]b1 ,h&w]k hat e95 gold55          
,bod54--,,tr4    ,footnote #ad3         
,title ( ! well-kn[n poem (             
,uhl&4--,,tr4                           
,,app5dix                               
,,songs ,,( ,,pr9ce ,,free-,,z-,a-,,bird
                                   ,,to 
,,goe!4#ae                        ,!    
,undecay+                      ,is b ?y 
label1                      ,god !      
betray+                      ,is poets' 
fable4                        ,our aims 
all are ?w>t$                      ,by !
 ,_w-:eel's bl9d roll3                  
,doom1 says ! d[nhe>t$1                 
,sport1 says ! fool4                    
,! ,_w-sport1 all-rul+1                 
,m+les false ) true3                    

,! ,et]nally ,fool+                     
,makes u play1 too6                     
,,! ,,poet',s ,,call4             ,z    
'nea? a %ady tree ,i sat                
,aft] long toil to take my pleasure1    
,i he>d a tapp+ pit-a-pat               
,beat prettily 9 rhy?mic measure4       
,?o' fir/ ,i sc[l$1 my face set h>d1    
,! s\nd at l5g? my s5se entrapp+        
,=c$ me to speak l any b>d1             
,& keep true "t unto ! tapp+4           
,z ,i made v]ses1 nev] /opp+1           
,ea* syllable ! bird w5t aft]1          
,keep+ 9 "t ) da9ty hopp+6              
,i bur/ into unmeasur$ laught]6         
,:at1 y a poet8 ,y a poet8              
,c y\r bra9s truly s addl$ be8          
,yes1 yes1 good sir1 y are a poet1      
,*irp$ out ! peck]1 mock+ me4           
,:at do? me to ^! woods entice8         
,! *ance to give "s ?ief a tr\nc+8      
,a saw1 an image8 ,ha1 9 a trice        
,my rhyme is on x1 swiftly p\nc+6       
,all ?+s t creep or crawl ! poet        
,weaves 9 8 ^w-loom cunn+ly4            

,yes1 yes1 good sir1 y are a poet1      
,*irp$ out ! peck]1 mock+ me4           
,l to an arr[1 me?9ks1 a v]se is1       
,see h[ x quiv]s1 pricks & sm>ts        
,:5 %ot full /raight 7no t5d] m]cies67  
,into ! reptile's nobl] p>ts6           
,wret*es1 y die at ! h& ( ! poet1       
,or /agg] l m5 t h drunk too free4      
,yes1 yes1 good sir1 y are a poet1      
,*irp$ out ! peck]1 mock+ me4           
,s !y g hurry+1 /anzas malign1          
,drunk5 words--:at a clatt]+1 bang+6--  
,till ! :ole company1 l9e on l9e1       
,all on ! rhy?mic *a9 are hang+4        
,has he really a cruel he>t1 y\r poet8  
,are !re fi5ds :o rejoice1 ! slaught] to
 see8           ,yes1 yes1 good sir1 y  
are a poet1             ,*irp$ out !    
peck]1 mock+ me4             ,s y je/ at
 me1 bird1 ) y\r scornful graces8       
,s sore inde$ is ! plight ( my head8    
,& my he>t1 y say1 9 yet sorri] case is8
             ,bew>e6 = my wra? is a ?+  
to dread6           ,yet e'en 9 ! h\r ( 
8 wra? ! poet             ,rhymes y &   

s+s ) ! selfsame glee4           ,yes1  
yes1 good sir1 y are a poet1            
,*irp$ out ! peck]1 mock+ me4           
,,9 ,,! ,,s\?4#af                    ,i 
sw+ on a b\gh1 & re/                    
,my tir$ limbs 9 a ne/1                 
,9 ! rock+ home ( a bird1               
,:]e9 ,i p]* z 8 gue/1                  
,9 ! ,s\?6                    ,i gaze on
 ! ocean asleep1                  ,on ! 
purple sail ( a boat2                   
,on ! h>b\r & t[] /eep1                 
,on ! rocks t /& out ( ! deep1          
,9 ! ,s\?6                    ,= ,i c\ld
 no long] /ay1                  ,to     
crawl 9 sl[ ,g]man way2                 
,s ,i call$ to ! birds1 bade ! w9d      
,lift me up & be> me away               
,to ! ,s\?6                    ,no      
reasons = me1 if y please2              
,_! end is too dull & too pla92         
,b a pair ( w+s & a breeze1             
,) c\rage & heal? & ease1               
,& games t *ase disease                 
,f ! ,s\?6                    ,wise     

?\ghts c move )\t s\nd1                 
,b ,i've songs t ,i c't s+ alone2       
,s birdies1 pray ga!r ar\nd1            
,& li/5 to :at ,i h f\nd                
,9 ! ,s\?6                        99    
99    99                    ,y are m]ry 
lov]s & false & gay1                  ,9
 frolics & sport y pass ! day2          
,:il/ 9 ! ,nor?1 ,i %udd] to say1       
,i wor%ipp$ a woman1 hide\s & gray1     
,h] "n 0 ,tru?1 s ,i he>d !m say1       
,b ,i left h] !re & ,i flew away        
,to ! ,s\?6                             
,,beppa ,,! ,,pi\s4                     
,:ile beauty 9 my face is1              
,be piety my c>e1                     ,=
 ,god1 y "k1 loves lasses1              
,&1 m ?an all1 ! fair4                  
,& if yon hapless monkl+                
,is fa9 ) me to live1                   
,l _m ano!r monkl+1                     
,god surely w =give4                    
,no grey old prie/ly devil1             
,b1 "y1 ) *eeks aflame--                
,:o e'en :5 sick ) revel1               

,c jeal\s be & blame4                   
,to greybe>ds ,i'm a /rang]1            
,& he1 too1 hates ! old3                
,( ,god1 ! _w-arrang]1                  
,! wisdom "h behold6                    
,! ,*ur* has k5 ( liv+1                 
,& te/s by he>t & face4                 
,to me %e'll be =giv+6                  
,:o w n %[ me grace8                    
,i lisp ) pretty halt+1                 
,i curtsey1 bid good day1               
,& ) ! fre% default+                    
,i wa% ! old away6                      
,praise be ?is man-,god's gu]don1       
,:o loves all maid5s fair1              
,& 8 own he>t c p>don                   
,! s9 he plant$ !re4                    
,:ile beauty 9 my face is1              
,) piety ,i'll /&1                      
,:5 age has kill$ my graces1            
,let ,satan claim my h&6                
,,! ,,boat ,,( ,,my/]y4                 
,ye/]-eve1 :5 all ?+s slept--           
,sc>ce a breeze to /ir ! lane--         
,i a re/less vigil kept1                

,nor f pill[s sleep c\ld ga91           
,nor f poppies nor--mo/ sure            
,( opiates--a consci5ce pure4           
,?\ghts ( re/ ,i 'gan =swe>1            
,rose & walk$ along ! /r&1              
,f\nd1 9 w>m & moonlit air1             
,man & boat ^u ! s&1                    
,dr[sy bo?1 & dr[sily                   
,did ! boat put out to sea4             
,pass$ an h\r or two p]*ance1           
,or a ye>8 !n ?\ght & s5se              
,vani%$ 9 ! engulf+ trance              
,( a va/ ,indiff]5ce4                   
,fa?omless1 abysses dread               
,op5$--!n ! vision fl$4                 
,morn+ came3 becalm$1 ! boat            
,re/$ on ! purple flood3                
,:at _h happ5$8 e ?roat                 
,%riek$ ! "q3 0 !re--,blood8            
,naught _h happ5$6 ,on ! swell          
,we _h slumb]$1 oh1 s well6             
,,an ,,av[al ,,( ,,love                 
7dur+ :i*1 h[ev]1 ! poet fell into a    
pit74                 ,oh m>vel6 !re he 
flies           ,cleav+ ! sky ) w+s     

unmov$--:at =ce               ,impels   
him1 bids him rise1           ,:at curb 
re/ra9s him8 ,:]e's 8 goal1 8 c\rse8    
,l />s & "t et]ne           ,he live? n[
 9 heights t life =swore1               
,nor envy's self do? spurn3           ,a
 l(ty flight 7't1 e'en to see him so>6  
,oh albatross1 great bird1              
,spe$+ me upw>d ev] ?r\gh ! blue6       
,i ?\ght ( h]1 0 /irr$           ,to    
te>s un5d+--yea1 ,i love h] true6       
,,song ,,( ,a ,,!ocritean ,,goa!rd4     
,"h ,i lie1 my b[els sore1              
,ho/s ( bugs advanc+1                   
,yond] lights & romp & ro>6             
,:at's t s\nd8 ,!y're danc+6            
,at ?is in/ant1 s %e prat$1             
,/eal?ily %e'd meet me3                 
,l a fai?ful dog ,i've wait$1           
,n a sign to greet me6                  
,%e promis$1 made ! cross-sign1 too1    
,c\ld h] v[s be holl[8                  
,or runs %e aft] all t woo1             
,l ! goats ,i foll[8                    
,:5ce y\r silk5 g[n1 my maid8           

,ah1 y'd fa9 be haughty1                
,yet p]*ance y've prov$ a jade          
,) "s satyr naughty6                    
,wait+ long1 ! lovelorn wight           
,is fill$ ) rage & poison3              
,ev5 s on sultry night                  
,toad/ools gr[ 9 foison4                
,p9*+ sore1 9 devil's mood1             
,love do? plague my crupp]3             
,truly ,i c eat no food3                
,f>ewell1 onion-supp]6                  
,seaw>d s9ks ! moon away1               
,! />s are wan1 & fl>e n3               
,dawn approa*es1 gloomy1 grey1          
,let ,dea? come6 ,i c>e n6              
,,s\ls ,,t ,,lack ,,det]m9ation4        
,s\ls t lack det]m9ation                
,r\se my wra? to :ite-hot flame6        
,all _! glory's b vexation1             
,all _! praise b self-contempt & %ame6  
,s9ce ,i baffle _! advances1            
,w n clut* _! lead+-/r+1                
,!y w\ld )] me ) glances                
,bitt]-sweet1 ) hopeless envy /+4       
,let !m ) fell curses %iv]1             

,curl _! lip ! livelong day6            
,seek me z !y w1 =ev]                   
,helplessly _! eyes %all g a/ray6       
,,! ,,fool',s ,,dilemma4                
,ah1 :at ,i wrote on bo>d & wall        
,) fooli% he>t1 9 fooli% scrawl1        
,i meant b = _! decoration6             
,yet say y1 ,fools' abom9ation6         
,bo? bo>d & wall require purgation1     
,& let no trace our eyes appal6         
,well1 ,i w help y1 z ,i c1             
,= sponge & broom are my vocation1      
,z critic & z wat]man4                  
,b :5 ! f9i%$ "w ,i scan1               
,i'm glad to see ea* le>n$ owl          
,) wisdom bo>d & wall def\l4            
,,rimus ,,rem$ium                       
7or a ,consolation to ,sick ,poets74    
,f ?y moi/ lips1                ,o ,"t1 
?\ wit*1 beslav]+ me1                   
,h\r ^u h\r too sl[ly drips             
,9 va9--,i cry1 9 fr5zy's fit1          
,a curse ^u t yawn+ pit1                
,a curse ^u ,et]nity6                   
,! _w's ( brass1                ,a fi]y 

bullock1 deaf to wail3                  
,pa9's dagg] pi]ces my cuirass1         
,w+d1 & writes ^u my bone3              
,b[els & he>t ! _w ha? none1            
,:y sc\rge h] s9s ) ang]'s flail8       
,p\r poppies n[1                ,p\r    
v5om1 ,fev]1 on my bra96                
,too long y te/ my h& & br[3            
,:at ask y8 ,:at--rew>d is paid8        
,a mal$iction on y1 jade1               
,& y\r disda96                      ,no1
 ,i retract1                ',tis       
cold--,i he> ! ra9 importune--          
,fev]1 ,i'll s(t51 %[ my tact3          
,"h's gold--a co9--see x gleam6         
,%all ,i ) bless+s on y beam1           
,call y good =tune8                     
,! door opes wide1                ,&    
ra9drops on my b$ are scatt]$1          
,! light's bl[n out--woes multipli$6    
,he t ha? n an hundr$ rhymes1           
,i'll wag]1 9 ^! dolor\s times          
,we'd see him %att]$6                   
,,my ,,bliss4              ,once m1 ,/  
,m>k1 ?y pigeons meet my gaze1          

,! ,squ>e lies /ill1 9 slumb]+ morn+    
mood3            ,9 s(t1 cool air ,i    
fa%ion idle lays1              ,spe$+ !m
 skyw>d l a pigeon's brood3             
,& !n recall my m9ions            ,to   
tie fre% rhymes ^u _! will+ p9ions4     
,my bliss6 ,my bliss6              ,calm
 heav5ly ro( ( azure silk9ess1          
,gu>d+ ) %imm]+ haze yon h\se div9e6    
,!e1 h\se1 ,i love1 fe>--envy1 ,i'll    
confess1              ,& gladly w\ld    
suck out t s\l ( ?9e6                   
,%\ld ,i give back ! prize8             
,ask n1 great pa/ure-gr\nd = human eyes6
                  ,my bliss6 ,my bliss6 
,/]n belfry1 ris+ z ) lion's leap       
,%e] f ! soil 9 easy victory1           
,t fill'/ ! ,squ>e ) peal res\nd+1 deep1
              ,w]t ?\ 9 ,fr5* t ,squ>e's
 acc5t aigu8                ,7 ,i = ages
 set            ,9 e>? l !e1 ,i "k :at  
silk-me%$ net4444                  ,my  
bliss6 ,my bliss6              ,h5ce1   
music6 ,fir/ let d>k] %ad[s come1       
,& gr[1 & m]ge into br[n1 mell[ night6  

',tis e>ly = y\r peal+1 ere ! dome      
,sp>kle 9 roseate glory1 gold-b$ight    
,:ile yet 'tis day1 !re's "t            
,= /roll+1 lonely mutt]+1 =g+ rhyme--   
,my bliss6 ,my bliss6                   
,,columbus ,,r$ivivus4                  
,?i!r ,i'll travel1 t's my notion1      
,i'll tru/ myself1 my grip1             
,:]e op5s wide & blue ! ocean           
,i'll ply my ,g5oa %ip4                 
,new ?+s on new ! _w unfolds me1        
,"t1 space ) noonday die3               
,alone ?y mon/r\s eye beholds me1       
,awful ,inf9ity6                        
,,sils-,,m>ia4              ,"h sat ,i  
wait+1 wait+1 b = naught6               
,beyond all good & evil--n[ by light    
wr\ght              ,to joy1 n[ by d>k  
%ad[s--all 0 leisure1            ,all   
lake1 all noon1 all "t sans aim1 sans   
measure4              ,!n "o1 de> fri5d1
 0 swiftly *ang$ to twa91            ,& 
,z>a?u/ra left my teem+ bra94444        
,a ,,danc+ ,,song ,,to ,,! ,,mi/ral     
,,w9d4#ag                   ,wildly     

ru%+1 cl\ds outleap+1                   
,c>e-de/roy+1 ,heav5 sweep+1            
,mi/ral w9d1 ?\ art my fri5d6           
,surely 'twas "o womb did be> u1        
,surely 'twas "o fate did pair u1       
,fell[s = a common end4                 
,f ! crags ,i gaily greet y1            
,runn+ fa/ ,i come to meet y1           
,danc+ :ile y pipe & s+4                
,h[ y b\nd across ! ocean1              
,unimp$$1 free 9 motion1                
,swift] ?an ) boat or w+6               
,?r\gh my dreams y\r :i/le s\nd$1       
,d[n ! rocky /airs ,i b\nd$             
,to ! gold5 ocean wall2                 
,saw y ha/51 swift & glori\s1           
,l a riv]1 /rong1 victori\s1            
,tumbl+ 9 a wat]fall4                   
,saw y ru%+ ov] ,heav51                 
,) y\r /e$s s wildly driv51             
,saw ! c> 9 :i* y flew2                 
,saw ! la% t :eel$ & quiv]$1            
,:ile ! h& t held x %iv]$1              
,urg+ on ! /e$s anew4                   
,saw y f y\r *>iot sw++1                

,s t swift] d[nw>d spr++                
,l an arr[ y might g                    
,/raight into ! deep abysses1           
,z a sunbeam falls & kisses             
,roses 9 ! morn+ gl[4                   
,dance1 oh6 dance on all ! edges1       
,wave-cre/s1 cliffs & m\nta9 l$ges1     
,ev] f9d+ dances new6                   
,let our k be our gladness1             
,let our art be sport & madness1        
,all t's joyful %all be true6           
,let u snat* f e b[]1                 ,z
 we pass1 ! faire/ fl[]1                
,) "s leaves to make a cr[n2            
,!n1 l m9/rels gaily danc+1             
,sa9t & wit* toge!r pranc+1             
,let u foot x up & d[n4                 
,^? :o come mu/ move z quickly          
,z ! w9d--we'll h no sickly1            
,crippl$1 )]$1 9 our crew2              
,(f ) hypocrites & prea*]s1             
,prop] folk & prosy tea*]s1             
,sweep !m f our heav5 blue4             
,sweep away all sad grimaces1           
,:irl ! du/ into ! faces                

,( ! dismal sick & cold6                
,hunt !m f our breezy places1           
,n = !m ! w9d t braces1                 
,b = m5 ( visage bold4                  
,(f ) ^? :o spoil e>?'s gladness1       
,bl[ away all cl\ds ( sadness1          
,till our heav5 cle> we see2            
,let me hold ?y h&1 be/ fell[1          
,till my joy l tempe/ bell[6            
,free/ ?\ ( spirits free6               
,:5 ?\ p>te/1 take a tok5               
,( ! joy ?\ ha/ awok51                  
,take our wrea? & fl+ x f>2             
,toss x up & cat* x nev]1               
,:irl x on be=e !e ev]1                 
,till x rea* ! f>!/ />4    -----        
,footnote #ae3      ,?is poem is a p>ody
 ( ! ,*orus ,my/icus :i* concludes !    
second "p ( ,goe!'s ,fau/4 ,bay>d       
,taylor's translation ( !    passage 9  
,fau/ runs z foll[s3--                  
,all ?+s transitory                     
,b z symbols are s5t1                   
,e>?'s insuffici5cy                     
,"h gr[s to ,ev5t3                      

,! ,indescribable                       
,"h x is done3                          
,! ,woman-,s\l leade? u                 
,upw>d & on6    ,footnote #af3          
,translat$ by ,miss ,m4 ,d4 ,petre4     
,ins]t$ by p]mission ( ! editor    ( !  
,nation1 9 :i* x appe>$ on ,april #ag1  
#aiji4    ,footnote #ag3      ,translat$
 by ,miss ,m4 ,d4 ,petre4 ,ins]t$ by    
p]mission ( ! editor    ( ! ,nation1 9  
:i* x appe>$ on ,may #ae1 #aiji4        
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,footnotes3                            
,transcrib]'s ,note    ,! orig9al spell+
 & punctuation has be5 reta9$4          
,v>iations 9 hyph5ation & comp\nd words 
h be5 pres]v$4    ,italiciz$ words &    
phrases 9 ! text v]sion are pres5t$ by  
surr\nd+ ! text ) und]scores4