,illu/ration3 ,t4 ,j4 ,,mcconnaughay4 ,,"p ,,fir/ ,b>b]s' ,manual ,,"p ,,second ,text ,book on ,taxid]my ,by ,t4 ,j4 ,mc,connaughay ,,price1 #a4be ,copyright$ & all rights res]v$ by au?or4 ,*icago1 ,ill41 #ahih4 ,preface4 ,by way ( expla9+ ! dual "* ( ?is little book1 we "h indulge a few brief introductory rem>ks4 ,"p ,fir/ is design$ simply z a manual ( in/ruction = b>b]s1 & we hope x w1 9 a valuable measure1 supply a long felt ne$4 ,x w prove especially b5eficial to ! y\ng] & less exp]i5c$ memb]s ( our craft4 ,! be/ artisans & arti/s admit !y owe mu* to ! accumulat$ k & exp]i5ce ( bo? _! pr$ecessors & _! contempor>ies4 ,inde$1 to ass]t any claim to advanc$ k & skill1 )\t due ackn[l$gem5ts = ! help receiv$ f o!rs w\ld savor ( an inexcusable egotism4 ,! man :o pr(esses to be a self-made man is always notori\s = wor%ip+ 8 mak]4 ,we %\ld1 ( c\rse1 always put our own impress ^u all our "w4 ,our obs]vations on ! me?ods ( o!rs %\ld supplem5t b n supplant our own orig9ality & our own reason4 ,a not$ arti/ :5 ask$ h[ he mix$ 8 pa9ts to a*ieve su* wond]ful results1 repli$3 8,i mix !m ) bra9s40 ,s mu/ we use our own bra9s z well z ! bra9s ( o!rs1 if we w\ld succe$ 9 ?is day ( rapid improvem5ts & %>p competition4 ,! in=mation giv5 9 ?is book is n guess "w1 b ! result ( long ye>s ( /udy & practice4 ,?irty-"o ye>s h ,i conduct$ a %op ( my own4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s e recipe "h giv5 has be5 ?or\ghly te/$4 ,we "k !y are all good4 ,"p ,second is devot$ to taxid]my1 :i* = tw5ty-?ree ye>s ,i h connect$ ) my o!r %op "w4 ,i h pres]v$ & sold hundr$s ( specim5s1 & ?is "w has prov5 a s\rce ( mu* pleasure & pr(it1 enabl+ me to turn _m o!rwise idle mom5ts into money4 ,on ?is l9e ,i h n conf9$ myself to taxid]mic "w alone1 b h also connect$ ! tann+ ( hides ) ! hair on1 :i* ,i h manufactur$ into mats1 rugs1 etc4 ,h5ce ?is little book1 "u a tw(old title1 practically includes ?ree trades4 ,we (f] x z a money sav+ & money mak+ inve/m5t4 ,! recipes & o!r in=mation conta9$ h]e9 w enable any b>b] to make all 8 own prep>ations1 & to manufacture !m = sale4 ,he may also connect taxid]my & tann+ if x suit 8 pleasure & bus9ess4 ,hi/oric ,sket*4 ,! ^w b>b] is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 ^w 8b>ba10 :i* means be>d1 & h5ce is appli$ to "o ^: occupation is to %ave & trim be>ds & cut hair4 ,! b>b]'s craft is a v anci5t "o4 ,! practice ( %av+ 0 common among ! anci5t ,egyptians1 ,greeks & ,romans2 & 0 ev5 m5tion$ by ! prophet ,ezekiel1 *apt] v1 #a/ v]se4 ,among ! anci5t ,israelites ! removal ( ! be>d by %av+ or pluck+ 0 a sign ( m\rn+4 ,x w\ld seem t ! orig9 ( our trade 0 prehi/oric4 ,9 e>ly times b>b]+ 0 conjo9$ ) surg]y1 & ! b>b] also s]v$ ! public 9 ! capacity ( surgeon4 ,9 ,france ! b>b]-*irurgeons1 or b>b]-surgeons1 7 sep>at$ f ! p]ruqui]s1 or wig-mak]s1 & 7 incorporat$ z a di/9ct body 9 ! latt] "p ( ! #ag? c5tury4 ,9 ,engl& b>b]s 7 incorporat$ ) special privileges 9 #adfa1 & 7 aft]w>ds unit$ to ! society ( surgeons1 b 7 conf9$ to ! m9or op]ations ( blood lett+ & draw+ tee?4 ,9 #agde an act 0 pass$1 ! preamble ( :i* decl>$ ! trade ( ! b>b] & ! pr(ession ( surg]y are =eign to & indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4 ,?is act practically divorc$ surg]y f ! b>b]'s *air4 ,h[ev]1 q rec5tly ! surgeons ( ! ,sw$i% navy 7 also b>b]s = ! crew4 ,9 =m] times1 n f> remote1 x 0 cu/om>y to keep a lute or a viol9 = ! ent]ta9m5t ( patrons1 :i* made ! %op a favorite resort = idle p]sons4 ,9 ,*9a & "s o!r ori5tal c\ntries1 b>b]s n only %ave ! face1 b !y also %ave ! :ole or a "p ( ! head4 ,,b>b]',s ,,sign4 ,?\gh b>b]+ is n[ entirely sep>at$ f surg]y1 yet a monum5t ( _! =m] union may be /ill se5 9 ! /rip$ pole & bas9 s (t5 project+ f ! front ( b>b] %ops4 ,! fillet1 or spiral /rip ar\nd ! pole symbolizes ! w9d+ ( a ribbon r\nd ! arm previ\s to lett+ blood1 & its r$ color symbolizes ! blood4 ,! bas91 yet sometimes se5 at ! base1 repres5ts a vessel prep>$ to cat* ! blood4 ,b>b]'s poles 9 ?is c\ntry are tri-color$4 ,! :ite symbolizes ! arm1 ! r$ repres5ts ! %$ blood1 :ile ,am]icans h add$ ! blue to complete our national colors4 ,recipes1 ,=mulas1 ,etc4 ,,g]man ,,hair ,,dye4 ,! process "h giv5 compreh5ds a d\ble =mula1 & to insure satisfactory results1 ! directions subjo9$ %\ld be c>efully foll[$4 ,no4 #a4 ,nitrate ( ,silv] #c dra*ms ,/rong] ,wat] ( ,ammonia ounce ,di/ill$ or ,ra9 ,wat] ounce ,no #b4 ,pyrogallic ,acid #c dra*ms ,alcohol ounce ,di/ill$ or ,ra9 ,wat] #f ounces ,,directions4--,=mula ,no4 #a1 & =mula ,no4 #b1 %\ld ea* be put up 9 a sep>ate bottle4 ,9 comp\nd+1 ea* ( ! fir/ two +r$i5ts %\ld be comb9$ & r$uc$ to a solution & ! wat] !n add$4 ,be=e us+ ^! prep>ations ! be>d or hair %\ld fir/ be ?or\ghly wa%$ & dri$4 ,!n apply ,no4 #a ) ! f+]s1 & :5 p>tly dri$ apply ,no4 #b ) a too? bru% & a comb1 be+ c>eful to get ! dye d[n to ! sk94 ,if conv5i5t let ! p>ty g out into ! op5 air = an h\r4 ,o!rwise ! hair %\ld be ?or\ghly dri$ ) a fan1 & wa%$ ) soap & s(t wat]4 ,?is =mula 0 br\ght f ,g]many by a ,/4 ,l\is b>b] & sold to ! au?or 9 #ahfi4 ,prop]ly put up x is n only fir/-class1 b ,i h nev] f\nd any o!r prep>ation equal to x4 ,,br[n ,,hair ,,dye4 ,take f\r p\nds ( gre5 walnut hulls4 ,put !m 9 #a gallons s(t wat] & boil d[n to ?ree p9ts4 ,/ra9 (f ?r\gh clo? until cle> ( s$im5t4 ,to "o qu>t ( ?is add "o qu>t ( alcohol1 & #c ounces ( glyc]9e4 ,use z o!r re/or]s1 once a day until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$4 ,! hulls %\ld be ga!r$ 9 ,augu/4 ,,qu99e ,,hair ,,tonic ,,& ,,sea ,,foam4 ,! /rong po9t 9 favor ( ?is prep>ation z a sea-foam is t x acts at ! same "t z a tonic = ! hair4 ,,=mula4 ,alcohol #a p9t ,glyc]9e ounce ,t9cture ( ,can?>ides ounce ,aqua ,ammonia ounce ,sulphate ( ,qu99e #cj gra9s ,oil ( ,cloves #a dra*m ,rock salt 7or table salt7 ounce ,di/ill$ or ra9 wat] #a p9t ,,directions4--,:5 us+ z a sea-foam1 wet ! hair & rub briskly ) f+] ends until ! foam has disappe>$4 ,!n take a t[el & rub p>tly dry4 ,:5 us+ z a d&ruff cure1 sea-foam twice a week1 damp5 ! hair twice a day = two weeks1 aft] :i* use once a week z a sea-foam4 ,?is w keep ! scalp 9 f9e condition4 ,aft] y h tri$ x y w use no o!r4 ,,cream ,,= ,,*app$ ,,h&s ,,& ,,face4 ,?is recipe 0 giv5 me by a druggi/ :om ,i h kn[n = ye>s4 ,its reliable & compet5t s\rce is a suffici5t gu>antee3 ,,=mula4 ,qu9ce se$ ounce ,di/ill$ extract wit* hazel #a p9t ,glyc]9e p9t ,alcohol p9t ,p[d]$ ,boracic ,acid #afj gra9s ,c>bolic ,acid #cb drops ,p]fume to suit4 ,,directions ,,= ,,mak+4--,fir/ put qu9ce se$ 9 wit* hazel & let /& tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,!n /ra9 ?r\gh *eese clo? & add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,i "k ?is to be good = ! face aft] %av+4 ,,py?ian ,,cream4 ,?is is ano!r prep>ation = ! face & h&s4 ,,=mula4 ,gum ,tragacan? 79 flake7 ounce ,glyc]9e #d ounces ,di/ill$ or ra9 wat] gallon ,,directions ,,= ,,mak+4--,put gum tragacan? 9 wat] & let /& till ?or\ghly dissolv$1 & /ra9 ?r\gh a *eese clo?4 ,!n add ! glyc]9e & a suffici5t am\nt ( ,py?ian b\quet to p]fume4 ,color p9k ) p[d]$ c>m9e4 ,x %\ld be ab\t ! consi/5cy ( cream4 ,if too ?ick add m wat]4 ,!re %\ld be a half-gallon wat] to ! f\r ounces ( glyc]9e :5 f9i%$4 ,,bay ,,cream4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ?is & ,py?ian ,cream is 9 ! p]fume4 ,"s l ! bay rum bett]4 ,,directions4--,use ! =mula ( ! prec$+ & !n add p]fume ) ! g5u9e oil ( bay4 ,,cold ,,cream4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ?is & ! two prec$+ creams is t in/ead ( p]fume a comp\nd ( alcohol & m5?ol is us$4 ,,directions4--,use ! same body z = ,py?ian ,cream1 & !n add alcohol & m5?ol z foll[s3 ,put #f dra*ms ( m5?ol cry/als into an ounce ( alcohol4 ,:5 ! m5?ol is ?or\ghly dissolv$ add ?is comb9ation to gallon ( ! cream4 ,! pres5ce ( ! m5?ol gives ?is prep>ation a v pleasant cool+ effect4 ,h5ce x is well nam$4 ,?is cream may1 ( c\rse1 be p]fum$ if desirable4 ,in/ead ( ^! face creams1 "s cu/om]s w pref] ! pure bay rum1 :ile p]haps _m w pref] wit* hazel4 ,^! c1 ( c\rse1 be obta9$ f b>b] supply h\ses or f drug /ores2 ! wit* hazel may be improv$ by add+ to x a good cologne4 ,try two p>ts wit* hazel to "o "p cologne4 ,,bay ,,rum4 ,no4 #a4 ,bay ,oil ounce ,oil ( ,pim5to ounce ,alcohol #c p9ts ,wat] #c p9ts ,no4 #b4 ,magnesium p\nd ,oil ( ,bay p\nd ,ma% !m well toge!r & put !m 9 a filt] & p\r 9 two qu>ts ( wat]4 ,let x filt] sl[ly1 & !n add #b qu>ts ,alcohol4 ,,imitation ,,( ,,bay ,,rum4 ,no4 #c4 ,oil ( ,bay #c dra*ms ,oil ,pim5to dra*m ,wat] #a qu>ts ,acetic ,e!r #a ounces ,alcohol #b qu>ts ,mix & let /& #c days1 !n filt]4 ,,camphor ,,ice4 ,oil ( ,sweet ,almonds #b ounces ,:ite ,wax #b ounces ,sp]maceti #c ounces ,gum ,camphor ounces ,mix toge!r1 melt & p\r (f 9 small salve boxes4 ,,m5?ol ,,salve4 ,mutton ,tall[ #a ounce ,l>d #a ounce ,m5?ol 79 cry/als7 #c dra*ms ,melt toge!r & p\r (f 9 salve boxes4 ,bo? ! ,camphor ,ice & ! ,m5?ol salve are good = t5d] faces4 ,,silv] ,,gloss ,,%ampoo4 ,?is is an economic & v satisfactory prep>ation4 ,,=mula4 ,:ite ,ca/ile ,soap 7! v be/7 #a p\nd ,ref9$ ,c>bonate ( ,pota% p\nd ,di/ill$ or ra9 wat] #a gallon ,table ,salt ounce ,ref9$ ,c>bonate ( ,pota% is also call$ ,pure ,salts ( ,t>t>4 ,i h f\nd ! ,engli% br&s pref]able4 ,,directions4--,%ave ! soap f9e & put into ! wat] 7z p] above =mula71 :i* %\ld be conta9$ 9 a porcela9 vessel4 ,let x boil until soap is ?or\ghly dissolv$ & /ra9 (f into ano!r vessel1 & !n add ! pure salts ( t>t> :ile /ill hot4 ,add ! salt & en\gh m boil+ wat] to replace ! am\nt :i* has boil$ away1 & cont9ue to /ir until x becomes only luke w>m2 !n add a few drops ( ! oil ( cloves 7or "s o!r p]fume71 if desirable4 ,f9ally p\r (f 9 small jelly j>s & set away = use4 #a gallon made 9 ?is way w make #e gallons ( ord9>y %ampoo1 by simply add+ #d gallons m ( wat]4 ,?is quantity %\ld n co/ ov] fifty c5ts4 ,a p\nd ( ! ref9$ c>bonate ( pota% co/s tw5ty c5ts1 & a p\nd ( ca/ile soap only fifte5 c5ts1 & ! p]fume w co/ less ?an ! rema9d] ( #ej c5ts4 ,"o teaspoonful is en\gh to clean any ord9>y suit ( hair4 ,9 clean+ ladies' hair x is well to add a little e?ylic e!r1 commonly call$ sulphuric e!r4 ,nev] use h>d wat]4 ,if necess>y save up en\gh ra9 wat]4 ,i give else:]e directions = mak+ %ampoo+ outfit1 :i* may also be conv5i5tly us$ = %[] ba?s 9 %ops & h\ses :]e !re is no connection ) wat] works4 ,wat] to be us$ = %ampoo+ %\ld always be w>m4 ,,egg ,,%ampoo4 ,?is favorite prep>ation %\ld be us$ imm$iately aft] mix+4 ,take #a fre% egg1 #a teaspoonful ( silv] gloss %ampoo1 & teaspoonful ( p[d]$ borax4 ,mix toge!r ) an egg beat]1 & !n use z o!r %ampoos4 ,a ,,*eap ,,sea ,,foam4 ,take #b ounces ( ! silv] gloss %ampoo1 #b ounces alcohol1 #a ounce glyc]9e & #a p9t wat]2 %ake well toge!r & p]fume to suit y\r fancy4 ,! %ampoo or sea-foam c be color$ a nice yell[ by mak+ a tea ( saffron & wat]1 add+ en\gh aft] /ra9+ x to get ! desir$ color4 ,p[d]$ c>m9e c also be us$ to color a r$ or p9k color4 ,,brilliant9e4 ,take #a ounce ( good glyc]9e1 ounce ( rose g]anium & #a ounce wat]4 ,mix4 ,?is prep>ation is a good "o1 & c be made v *eap by us+ a less am\nt ( ! p]fume4 ,x nev] sep>ates1 & is good z long z !re is a drop ( x left4 ,,engrav+ ,,fluids4 ,we "h give a =mula = mak+ an et*+ fluid1 to be us$ 9 m>k+ razors1 %e>s & o!r /eel tools4 ,,=mula4 ,blue/one #a ounce ,table ,salt #a ounce ,wat] #f ounces ,,directions4--,cov] blade or plate ) soap or v>ni%1 & !n ) et*+ ne$le or common p5cil write ! "n or lett]s desir$1 be+ c>eful to score or scrat* ?r\gh to ! metal4 ,!n fill ! trac$ l9es ) ! fluid & let x rema9 five m9utes4 ,! fluid w corrode ! metal 9 ! l9es ?us laid b>e4 ,!re=e :5 ! cov]+ & acid are wa%$ (f ! lett]+ w rema94 ,be c>eful to wa% promptly & dry ?or\ghly4 ,,black ,,heads4 ,:at are kn[n z black heads are g5]ally f\nd 9 ! sk9 ( p :o are addict$ to ! use ( mu* hog meat4 ,su* p are also z a rule1 r c>eless1 to say ! lea/1 ab\t ba?+ _! faces4 ,a h9t to ! wise w be suffici5t4 ,let !m n be afraid a r\gh t[el w scrat* !m4 ,i give bel[ a recipe highly recomm5d$4 ,,=mula4 ,alcohol #d ounces ,boracic ,acid #b dra*ms ,di/ill$ or ra9 wat] #a ounces ,apply ?is ?ree times p] day aft] fir/ hav+ ?or\ghly wa%$ ! face & rubb+ dry ) a co>se t[el4 ,consid]able b5efit w1 at lea/1 be d]iv$ f a fai?ful application ( ! above4 ,,hair ,,blea*+4 ,fir/ clean ! hair ) ! ,silv] ,gloss %ampoo1 & :5 dry apply p]oxide ( hydrog5 until damp4 ,:5 dry1 aga9 repeat ! application1 & cont9ue to repeat x until ne>ly z light z desir$4 ,! hair w cont9ue to blea* a little light] = ab\t ?ree days1 & h5ce x is necess>y to discont9ue ! application :5 ! hair is a %ade d>k] ?an desir$4 ,,:it5+ ,,= ,,! ,,face4 ,put #a ounce ( ! oxide ( z9c into a plate & p\r ov] x #c ounces ( s(t wat]4 ,ma% z9c ) a spoon until x is all dissolv$4 ,p\r ! solution into a p9t bottle & fill up ) wit* hazel4 ,:5 ! wea!r is cold1 pure s(t wat] may be us$ in/ead ( ! wit* hazel2 b ! prep>ation w\ld s\r 9 w>m wea!r4 ,apply ) a s(t clo?4 ,,b>b]s' ,,it*4 ,fe> ( ?is disease causes _m m5 to %ave !mselves1 & ?is class w\ld o!rwise be among ! v be/ cu/om]s4 ,:5 ^! m5 obs]ve h[ c>eless ! av]age b>b] is ) 8 t[els1 mugs1 tools1 etc41 !y become disgu/$ & pur*ase a %av+ outfit & quit ! b>b]s' *air1 except :5 !y want a hair-cut4 ,i believe e b>b] %\ld "k h[ to treat ?is disease4 ,h5ce ,i w make a few sugge/ions z to its causation & treatm5t4 ,scabies1 or it*1 9 its v>i\s =ms is a disease caus$ by ! irritation produc$ f ! pres5ce 9 ! sk9 ( :at is call$ ! it* mite & ! ova ( ! same4 ,! cure involves ! de/ruction ( ^! p>asites4 ,get a doctor1 if possible1 to prescribe2 if no doctor c be got :o und]/&s x1 ,i w\ld try ! foll[+3 ,an o9tm5t made f ! fl\r ( sulphur & l>d or sulphur & vasel9e1 is ab\t ! be/ rem$y kn[n4 ,rub 9 well at night & wa% (f 9 morn+4 ,or take citron o9tm5t #a ounce & mutton tall[ #a ounce4 ,melt toge!r & /ir till cool4 ,?is ,i h f\nd "o ( ! be/ salves = all sk9 diseases ,i h ev] tri$4 ,apply twice a day1 b use ) c>e s9ce x conta9s m]cury4 ,,hair ,,oils ,,& ,,hair ,,dress+s4 ,:ile oil+ ! hair is a ?+ ( ! pa/1 we might indulge a few rem>ks z a matt] ( hi/ory4 ,?irty ye>s ago almo/ e cu/om] us$ oil on 8 hair1 & e b>b] 0 expect$ to "k h[ to mix 8 own oils4 ,a favorite prep>ation 0 made z foll[s3 #a p9t ( alcohol & #a p9ts ( ca/or-oil 7 %ak5 toge!r1 & !n p]fum$ ) citronella or b]gamot4 ,ano!r favorite 0 made ( raccoon oil & l>d mix$ half & half1 & p]fum$ ) ! oil ( cloves4 ,"s us$ ! coon oil /raight2 o!rs us$ ! oil ( birds1 geese1 *ick5s or ducks1 etc4 ,be> oil 0 consid]$ a great oil = ! hair z well z = _m o!r purposes4 ,my own favorite among all ! home made prep>ations 0 made f beef m>r[4 ,! m>r[ 0 tri$ out & a little salt 0 add$4 ,! oil 0 !n p]fum$ ) b]gamot4 ,,pomades4 ,9 select+ mat]ial = pomade1 h a but*] get y "s f9e leaf l>d & "s ( ! f9e/ suet1 :i* %\ld be tak5 f "y animals4 ,r5d] out sep>ately 9 porcela9 vessels & /ra9 (f4 ,,directions4--,take l>d #a p\nd1 tall[ #a p\nd2 mix !m & heat g5tly1 & cook = "o h\r ov] a sl[ fire2 remove & let /& a few m9utes to settle2 n[ p\r (f c>efully4 ,:5 almo/ cold add "s suitable p]fume1 say oil ( b]gamot #d dra*ms1 oil ( lemon #c dra*ms1 oil ( cassia #b dra*ms1 oil ( nutmeg #ge drops4 ,mix ?or\ghly ) ! pomade & p\r into small j>s4 ,,/ick ,,pomades4 ,take ( ! prep>$ tall[ #a p\nd1 pure1 clean bees wax #c ounces1 gum b5zo91 9 a co>se p[d]1 #a dra*ms4 ,melt toge!r ) a sl[ heat1 mix+ all ! :ile4 ,:5 p>tly cool$ add "s suitable p]fume4 ,p\r x (f 9 m\lds & :5 cold take out & wrap 9 t9 foil1 !n put on a nice label z out] cov]+4 ,to make ! above into a color+ pomade1 take #c p\nds ( ! prep>$ l>d & tall[1 be=e be+ p]fum$2 add to x #b p\nds ( fre% walnut hulls1 cut up f9e2 put into a porcela9 vessel & heat g5tly = f\r h\rs4 ,take (f & /ra91 & proce$ z 9 mak+ ! black pomade4 ,?is w gradually color ! hair or be>d to a nice br[n by be+ us$ daily until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,/op ,,blood4 ,e b>b] %\ld h at h& a prep>ation = /opp+ blood4 ,! be/ ( b>b]s are liable to br+ blood f r\gh or t5d] faces4 ,an a/r+5t p5cil1 :i* is v good & v h&y1 may be obta9$ f ! b>b] supply h\ses 9 ! cities at a co/ ( only #aj c5ts ea*4 ,h[ev]1 ,i pref] ,monsell's ,p[d]$ ,iron :i* may be obta9$ f any drug /ore4 ,! only objection to x is1 x is liable to discolor ! sk94 ,h[ev]1 by be+ c>eful to put on only a small am\nt1 x may easily be wa%$ (f :5 ! blood has ceas$ to ooze4 ,if a small bump has be5 cut (f or a %all[ cut made 9 ! smoo? sk91 x w g5]ally suffice to cov] x ) a ?ick la!r & let x rema9 until ! %av+ is complet$4 ,alum is also us$ b is too sl[ 9 its action4 ,,hair ,,re/or]s4 ,i c\ld give a =mula t w\ld make ! hair fall out1 b ?us f> ,i h n be5 able to f9d a prep>ation t w produce a new gr[? ( hair on bald heads4 ,z a prev5tative treatm5t ,i might sugge/ z foll[s3 ,boil burdock root 9 s(t wat] until /rong1 & !n add to "o p9t ( x1 a half p9t ( alcohol1 a teaspoonful ( salt1 & #a ounce ( glyc]9e4 ,?is us$ once a day w prev5t ! hair f fall+ out4 ,or make a /rong decoction ( black tea or sage & mix ) ! alcohol1 salt1 & glyc]9e z above & use z above4 ,! basis ( mo/ hair tonics is ! t9cture ( can?>ides1 qu99e1 ammonia1 camphor1 & salt4 ,a solution ( borax 9 camphor wat] is us$ by "s z a /imulant = ! scalp4 ,i h a fri5d :o is exp]im5t+ on a new l9e ) v enc\rag+ prospects ( successfully produc+ hair on bald heads4 ,if any p>ty int]e/$ w address me a few mon?s h5ce1 ,i may be able to advise !m h[ to reproduce hair on bald heads4 ,,glass ,,hones4 ,a glass hone is easily made1 & no b>b] %\ld be )\t "o4 ,procure a piece ( heavy plate glass & h a glass cutt] cut x into pieces #ch in*es 9 dim5sions4 ,take ! gloss (f ! face & also ar\nd ! edges on a gr9d/one1 & !n f9i% by rubb+ ! face ( ! hone ) pumice-/one kept wet ) wat]4 ,cont9ue ?is rubb+ until ! gloss is entirely remov$ & ! hone is smoo?4 ,be=e hon+ take a rubb]1 su* z is us$ on a wat] hone1 &1 aft] wett+ hone rub until y h a sort ( la!r4 ,hone on ?is z y w\ld on any o!r hone4 ,y w f9d x excell5t = smoo?+ %e>s aft] gr9d+1 or a razor aft] hav+ be5 ov] hon$4 ,,mugs1 ,,bru%es ,,& ,,soaps4 ,! mug %\ld be l>ge & heavy & ! bru% us$ to make ! la!r %\ld also be l>ge & fir/-class 9 e p>ticul>4 ,9 reg>d to bru%es1 ,i w\ld sugge/ t x pays to buy ! v be/4 ,a poor bru% t is cont9ually %$d+ hairs is v annoy+ to ! cu/om]1 & x h9d]s ! b>b]4 ,i pref] ! rubb] f]rul$ bru%1 b be sure to get ! g5u9e4 ,9 reg>d to soap ,i mu/ admit t ,i am p>tial to ! ,j4 ,b4 ,williams b>b] soap4 ,h[ev]1 !re are o!r br&s t give good satisfaction4 ,!re are no soaps too good4 ,h5ce get ! be/4 ,,face ,,p[d]s4 ,!re is no?+ mu* bett] ?an cake magnesia1 b x %\ld only be us$ to dry ! face aft] %av+4 ,i h giv5 a liquid :it+ :i* is mu* us$ by ladies4 ,i h (t5 us$ x on m5 to :it5 ! sk94 ,see :it5+ = ! face4 ,,%[] ,,ba? ,,& ,,%ampoo ,,c4 ,take a common t9 bucket :i* holds ?ree gallons1 h a small tube "o in* long & "o qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet] put 9 "o side ab\t "o half in* f bottom ( bucket4 ,!n get a rubb] hose ?ree feet long ( suitable diamet] to fit on to ! tube4 ,at ! o!r extremity ( ! hose atta* a spr9kl] ) its tubul> end made to fit ! hose4 ,connect ! hose to bucket & ! spr9kl] to hose1 & ! c is complete4 ,lay ! spr9kl] ov] ! upp] rim ( c 7or bucket7 to keep ! wat] f fl[+ out4 ,fill ) s(t w>m wat]2 &1 :5 ready to take ! ba? or %ampoo1 hang f ceil+ or set on %elf high en\gh to all[ ! wat] to fl[ ov] ! head & body4 ,put on ! %ampoo4 ,take ! spr9kl] & ?or\ghly wa% & r9se4 ,?ree gallons ( wat] us$ 9 ?is way is bett] ?an a :ole ba? tub full us$ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,?is app>atus ( c\rse applies to c\ntry places :]e !y h n ! advantage ( wat] works1 or :]e ! wat] furni%$ is h>d4 ,,t[els1 ,,hair ,,clo?s1 ,,& ,,face ,,clo?s4 ,if y w\ld secure fir/-class trade1 y mu/ keep a good supply ( clean good look+ t[els4 ,no?+ is m disgu/+ 9 a %op ?an a lot ( dirty ragg$ t[els4 ,! workm5 may be fir/-class1 ! tools fir/-class1 etc42 b unless ! t[els are 9 prop] condition ! bett] class ( trade w g else:]e4 ,i pref] a good mod]ate siz$ cotton t[el1 except = ! wa% clo?1 :]e ,i pref] a cotton cra% t[el on ! ord] ( a ba? t[el4 ,?is cra% comes 9 bolts & may be cut ! desir$ l5g?2 x mu/1 h[ev]1 be hemm$4 ,= ! ba? always use a good t[el b n too l>ge4 ,! brea/ clo? made ( calico or g+ham1 %\ld be full wid? ( goods1 & n less ?an ?ree & a half feet long4 ,x %\ld h a half neck op5+ at "o side made to fit up ar\nd ! neck4 ,! hair clo? may be made ( calico1 g+ham or blea*$ %eet+4 ,if ! %eet+ is us$ get ! goods wide en\gh to require no seam1 & !n bord] ) a two in* b& ( r$ oil$ calico4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,beg9n]s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 if y h made up y\r m9d to be a b>b]1 :y n be a good "o4 ,!re is always room at ! top1 & ri* rew>d = him :o has rea*$ ! top4 ,ri* rew>d1 h[ev]1 is ! price ( self-ex]tion4 ,d n wait = a tidal wave to waft y on to success4 ,! m9ions ( =tune are few & f> betwe54 ,y mu/ n only "w b y mu/ embrace e opportunity to improve y\r qualifications1 if y w\ld a*ieve success 9 ?is age ( advanc$ k & skill4 ,y %\ld always be on ! al]t1 & nev] miss an opportunity to acquire useful in=mation4 ,k is p[]1 & x behooves y to ga9 all ! k y c1 especially ( y\r own bus9ess4 ,if necess>y pay = x1 "w = x1 or ev5 beg = x4 ,! possession ( a good fund ( practical k ) o!r necess>y qualities ( m9d & he>t1 w enable "o to we> good clo!s1 make pl5ty ( money & to h scores ( fri5ds2 :ile ! lack ( x w make ano!r ! digg] ( dit*es1 liv+ 9 rags & pov]ty1 & depriv$ ( ! m cong5ial companion%ip ( ! bett] & nobl] elem5ts ( society4 ,k pays4 ,moreov]1 :ile y %\ld att5d well to ! prop] equipm5t ( y\r m9d1 y %\ld n neglect ! prop] cultivation ( y\r social "*4 ,especially %\ld y cultivate :at might be t]m$ a practical bus9ess social tact4 ,treat e cu/om] z ?\gh y\r success dep5d$ ^u him & him alone1 & always ex]t y\r utmo/ to d good "w4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! b>b]'s ability to %ave well4 ,to accompli% ! great desid]atum ( be+ able to %ave well ea* "o ( ! v>i\s cu/om]s ) _! v>y+ qualities ( be>d1 y mu/ dilig5tly /udy ! temp] ( y\r razors ) ref]5ce to ! peculi> be>d ( ea* cu/om]4 ,aga9 mu* dep5ds ^u ! la!r1 ! bru%1 ! hone1 ! /rop1 etc4 ,h5ce y w please p>don a few simple prim>y sugge/ions lead+ up to a good %ave4 ,fir/ y mu/ equip y\rself ) fir/-class tools4 ,procure a fir/-class oil hone4 ,a l>ge rubb] f]rul$ la!r bru%4 ,a l>ge heavy %av+ mug4 ,a half doz5 ,no4 #a razors1 #d to #d wide & concave4 ,y\r soap & all o!r mat]ials & implem5ts %\ld be z good z y are able to buy4 ,:5 y hone y\r razor on ! oil hone1 use good soap & make a /iff la!r :i* y w spread on ! hone4 ,!n place ! razor on ! hone & draw v lightly f heel to po9t s t ! edge ( ! razor w always be on ! front side ( ! mov+ blade4 ,ea* /roke across ! hone %\ld be a slop+ or saw+ /roke1 & at ! end ( ea* ! razor %\ld be turn$ on ! back & pu%$ up across ! end ( ! hone1 & ! o!r side ( ! blade laid flat on ! hone4 ,!n draw ! razor back ) a curv+ or angul> /roke to ! o!r end ( ! hone4 ,turn aga9 z be=e & cont9ue ) /eady /roke until y ?9k ! blade is %>p4 ,wet ! ?umb nail & try ! edge by draw+ x lightly f end to end4 ,%\ld ! edge feel blunt or r\gh make a few m /rokes on ! hone & try aga91 & s on until ! edge is satisfactory4 ,a bett] way to te/ ! edge1 if y h a smoo? s(t h&1 is to wet ! end ( ?umb or =e f+] & draw ! razor lightly ov] x feel+ ( ! edge4 ,h[ev]1 x requires practice to tell ) c]ta9ty by ei!r me?od4 ,!re=e practice c>efully until y become exp]t4 ,we w "h make a few sugge/ions 9 reg>d to ! diff]5t hones g5]ally us$ by b>b]s4 ,! oil hone1 :i* is suppos$ to be petrifi$ hickory1 is ! "o mo/ us$1 & is p]haps ! be/4 ,second 9 rank & g5]al use comes ! ,swatty hone :i* is made f ! same mat]ial z ! em]y :eel1 b x is ( f9] grade4 ,?is is a v fa/ cutt+ hone4 ,next comes ! wat] hone :i* is simply a f9e grit /one1 & !n comes ! glass hone :i* is b little us$4 ,a few b>b]s use x to take (f ! wire edge ( ov]-hon$ razors4 ,hones %\ld be h&l$ ) great c>e4 ,9 hon+ ! razor %\ld be run well out to ! ends to prev5t holl[+ ! hone4 ,%\ld a hone beg9 to holl[1 "w x d[n ) f9e s& pap] to a p]fect face & smoo? x ) ! rubb] us$ on ! wat] hones4 ,i pref] olive oil on an oil hone if c>efully us$4 ,( c\rse la!r may be us$ on an oil hone ! same z on ! ,swatty & glass hones4 ,use wat] on ! wat] hone & rub ) ! rub /one commonly us$ until ! surface is cov]$ ) a sort ( soapy pa/y la!r be=e hon+4 ,! glass hone may be us$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,any hone :5 n 9 use %\ld be wrapp$ up & laid away c>efully aft] hav+ be5 wa%$ & ?or\ghly clean$4 ,y %\ld be provid$ ) a good %ell /rop1 or a good ,russian lea!r /rop1 & also a good canvas /rop4 ,aft] hon+ /rop ! razor lightly on ! lea!r only4 ,! canvas %\ld n be us$ except :5 ! razor has become smoo?4 ,:5 y h a cu/om] 9 ! *air1 fir/ put a clean t[el on him & proce$ to make ! la!r us+ w>m s(t wat]4 ,la!r ! face & sc\r ! be>d1 & !n la!r aga9 ) a good heavy la!r4 ,proce$ to %ave1 draw+ ! razor ) a saw+ /roke1 & make ! /rokes z long z practicable4 ,hold ! sk9 tight to ?r[ out ! be>d1 & g ov] ! face ! fir/ "t z quickly z possible4 ,!n wa% ! soap f ! face1 & g ov] x a second "t1 keep+ ! sk9 some:at /ret*$1 & wet ) s(t wat]4 ,:5 f9i%$1 press a hot t[el to ! face & !n use "o ( ! face creams giv5 9 ?is book4 ,next p[d] ! face1 & curl & p]fume ! mu/a*e4 ,if y ?9k 8 hair ne$s trimm+ tell him s1 & if he has x done1 d y\r v be/1 ev5 tak+ pa9s to cut ! hair out ( 8 e>s4 ,%ave 8 neck4 ,! mo/ important po9t is to get a good edge on ! hair4 ,if he takes a %ampoo1 fir/ give ! scalp a good bru%+ to loos5 ! d&ruff1 & !n use ,silv] ,gloss ,%ampoo1 giv+ him to und]/& t y h x = sale = family use4 ,r9se hair ) w>m s(t wat]1 & dry ) a f9e ba? t[el1 & !n ask him if y %all apply "s ( ! hair tonic :i* w co/ him only t5 c5ts extra4 ,comb 8 hair 9 ! late/ /yle1 & if he desires x1 color 8 mu/a*e ) ! celebrat$ ,g]man ,hair ,dye4 ,help him into 8 coat1 & ?ank+ him bid him come aga94 ,pur*ase e good book p]ta9+ to y\r bus9ess1 /udy dilig5tly & practice :at y le>n1 & y w soon /& abrea/ ) ! be/ & mo/ progressive b>b]s4 ,y %\ld be prompt$ by no mean] ambition4 ,,success4 8,if y wi% success 9 life1 ,make p]sev]ance y\r bosom fri5d1 ,exp]i5ce y\r wise c\nselor1 ,caution y\r eld] bro!r1 ,& hope y\r gu>dian g5ius40 ,addison4 ,illu/ration ,taxid]mi/'s ,manual4 ,by ,t4 ,j4 ,,mcconnaughay4 ,illu/ration ,taxid]my4 ,! ^w taxid]my is d]iv$ f ! two ,greek words1 taxis1 :i* means arrangem5t1 & d]ma :i* means sk94 ,h5ce ?is t]m is appli$ to ! art ( pres]v+ & m\nt+ ! sk9s ( animals = ornam5tal & sci5tific purposes4 ,little is kn[n ( ! orig9 ( ?is art1 b x w\ld seem f books ( travel & natural hi/ory1 t x is at mo/1 n m ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s old4 ,x began to be practic$ 9 ,engl& ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! #ah? c5tury1 :i* fact is prov5 f ! 8,sloane ,collection0 :i* 0 =m$ 9 #ahbe1 z ! nucleus ( ! pres5t natural hi/ory collection lodg$ 9 ! gall]ies ( ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,x 0 ab\t ! middle ( ! #ah? c5tury t ! fir/ book devot$ to ! pr9ciples ( taxid]my 0 publi%$ 9 ,france4 ,aft] ?is1 o!rs appe>$ f "t to "t 9 ,france & ,g]many1 b ,engl& contribut$ no lit]ature on ! subject until ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,9 #ahbh an ,engli%man nam$ ,scudd]1 e/abli%$ a museum ( m\nt$ specim5s 9 an old alms h\se 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,previ\s to ?is1 ! art seems to h be5 absolutely unkn[n 9 ,am]ica4 ,x 0 n till ! exhibition ( #ahea1 t ! ,fr5* & ,g]man taxid]mi/s taught ! ,engli% ! pr9ciples ( sci5tific treatm5t4 ,s9ce t "t sev]al works h appe>$ f ! p5s ( ,engli% & ,am]ican au?ors4 ,prom95tly among ! ,am]ican writ]s1 7 ,*>les ,wat]ton & ,titian ,r4 ,peale :o greatly improv$ ! art 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,jules ,v]reaux1 ( ,p>is1 br\ght ! art to a /ill high] p]fection1 & introduc$ me?ods = giv+ to specim5s a life-l expression1 :i* elevat$ x q to ! realm ( high] art4 ,great 7 8 accompli%m5ts 9 ! art ( express+ ! actions & *>act]i/ic attitudes ( ! liv+ animals4 ,s9ce 8 day taxid]my has rival$ ! pla/ic art1 & today1 x has rea*$ su* a degree ( p]fection t ! mo/ arti/ic & /hetic effects may be wr\ght by ! h&s ( any op]ator :o possesses arti/ic faculties4 ,! ,ill9ois ,/ate ,natural ,hi/ory ,society ( ,bloom+ton1 publi%$ an illu/rat$ pamphlet f ! p5 ( "o ,mr4 ,hold]1 :i* is a v valuable contribution to taxid]mic lit]ature4 ,! au?or 0 d\btless greatly improv$ by 8 associations ) ,audubon & ,bell1 & 9 8 book he gives ! results ( a ripe exp]i5ce4 ,?is book ranks z "o ( ! be/ yet publi%$4 ,we submit ! results ( our own pati5t /udy & practical exp]i5ce1 & hope x may prove a wor?y addition4 ,,article ,i4 ,,on ,,sk9n+1 ,,/uff+ ,,& ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,birds4 ,,sk9n+4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #c4 ,imm$iately aft] ! bird is kill$1 ! no/rils1 ?roat & w\nds %\ld be /uff$ ) cotton to prev5t ! blood f ooz+ out & /a9+ ! plumage2 b %\ld any blood get on ! plumage1 x %\ld be remov$ z soon z possible4 ,?is c be done by tak+ a clo? or sponge & dipp+ x 9 clean wat]1 wr++ x out s z to leave x only moi/1 & rubb+ ! fea!rs g5tly until all traces ( blood /a9 are remov$4 ,n[ spr9kle ! fea!rs ) pla/] ( p>is1 & %ake out be=e x sets4 ,repeat ?is until !y are p]fectly dry1 & !n wrap ! specim5 9 pap] to protect ! plumage until ready to sk91 :i* %\ld be done z soon z ! bird cools4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,9 proce$+ to sk9 a bird1 spread a clo? on a bo>d or table & lay ! bird on its back4 ,sep>ate ! fea!rs on ! brea/ ) a scalpel or knife4 ,ins]t ! knife at ! top ( brea/-bone & cut ! sk9 f !re to ! tail4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 n to cut too deep ov] ! inte/9es1 z x is only necess>y to cut ?r\gh ! sk94 ,n[ beg9 :]e y fir/ ins]t$ ! knife & proce$ to sep>ate ! sk9 f ! fle%1 ei!r ) ! f+]s or ! back ( ! scalpel or knife4 ,te> "s small pieces ( pap]1 say ab\t an in* squ>e1 & put "u ! sk9 on ! fle% z y get !m sep>at$1 :i* w keep ! fea!rs f /ick+ to ! fle% & becom+ soil$2 or spr9kl+ cornmeal ov] ! fle% & sk9 :ile sk9n+1 w answ] ! same purpose4 ,press c>efully d[n ea* side to backbone4 ,n[ press ! ?ighs =w>d & inw>d1 draw ! sk9 f ! ?ighs1 unjo9t+ !m at ! fir/ jo9t f ! body4 ,! sk9 is n[ remov$ ov] ! rump1 & ! tail unjo9t$1 tak+ c>e n to injure ! tail fea!rs4 ,n[ = conv5i5ce1 take a cord & fa/5 x to a nail on ! wall or ceil+1 put a wire hook on ! o!r end1 & fa/5 9 ! bird s y c susp5d x high en\gh above ! table to "w on x easily4 ,n[ pull ! sk9 d[nw>ds until y get to ! w+s1 :i* are to be unjo9t$ at ! %\ld] jo9t4 ,x is !n pull$ d[n ov] ! skull until ! e>s are rea*$4 ,"h _m valuable specim5s are spoil$ by cutt+ ! e>s too close to ! sk91 s be sure to cut ! e>s close to ! skull4 ,! eyelids are (t5 spoil$ also by inexp]i5c$ h&s4 ,be sure & cut !m well back &1 if necess>y1 trim !m aft]w>ds4 ,n[ remove ! eyeballs & unjo9t ! skull f ! neck1 enl>ge ! op5+ at ! base ( skull1 :]e ! neck came (f1 & remove ! bra9 ) spoon made = t purpose4 ,n[ remove ! fle% f ! ?igh bone d[n to knee jo9t1 & turn !m back 9 place2 !n sk9 ! w+s out to fir/ jo9t & remove ! fle%4 ,!re is yet "o job & ! sk9n+ process is complet$4 ,divide ! fea!rs on ! "u side ( ! w+ betwe5 ! second & ?ird jo9ts1 cut ! sk91 & ) a %>p knife cut out all fle% f ! bone1 & put 9 "s ( ! pres]v+ p[d]2 cov] x ) a little cotton & sew x up1 be+ c>eful n to draw any ( ! fea!rs 92 press ! fea!rs d[n smoo?1 & see t ea* is 9 its prop] place4 ,!re are "s birds ) l>ge heads & small necks4 ,) ^! we _c draw ! sk9 ov] ! head1 b h to pu% ! sk9 z ne> ! head z x is possible1 & cut (f ! neck bone2 !n make an op5+ "u ! ?roat l>ge en\gh to turn out ! skull & ! rema9+ "p ( ! neck bone1 & proce$ to sk9 ! skull1 take out bra91 etc41 z direct$ h]et(ore4 ,! fle% mu/ be c>efully remov$ f all p>ts ( ! sk91 & ! pres]v+ p[d] appli$1 be+ v c>eful t all p>ts are well p[d]$4 ,if y n[ wi% to m\nt ! bird x c be done imm$iately4 ,,/uff+ ,,birds4 ,9 ! fir/ place take "s pla/] p>is1 mix x ) wat] to a /iff pa/e1 & fill ! eye-sockets ) x1 !n press ! glass eye 9 ! p>is1 us+ great c>e to set !m 9 z ne> a natural position z possible4 ,:5 ! pla/] has h>d5$1 :i* x does v quickly1 if ! sk9 has become dry1 damp5 x ) a damp sponge1 & turn x back ov] ! skull1 !n lay ! bird on ! table & proce$ to put 9 ! frame1 /uff & sew up4 ,i give ?ree k9ds ( frames4 ,"o is ! wire & wood frame1 :i* y see on page #gh1 ,figs4 #i & #aj4 ,! o!rs1 wire frames1 on page #hj1 ,fig4 #c1 = birds2 also ,fig4 #aa1 = humm+ birds & o!r small birds1 on page #gh4 ,take frame describ$ ,nos4 #i & #aj1 hav+ ! leg wire ,,aa deta*$ f body bo>d1 fill ! neck ) t[1 be+ c>eful n to fill x too full2 run neck wire ,e ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! neck & pass x out at ! top ( head1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #b & #c1 or ?r\gh "o ( ! no/rils4 ,i pref] ! latt]1 because x does n break ! sk9 & holds ! head m /eady4 ,!n put ! tail support ,e ?r\gh ! c5t] or heavy "p ( ! tail1 raise ! body bo>d & place "u x "s t[ or cotton2 or pad ! bo>d by plac+ "s cotton on x & tack+ "s clo? ov] x to keep ! frame (f f ! back2 !n take ! leg wires1 ,fig4 #ac1 ,,aa & put !m 9 ! legs1 z %[n 9 cut ,no4 #c1 & fa/5 on to ! body bo>d ) bl9d /aples1 z repres5t$ 9 cut ,no4 #c2 proce$ ) ! /uff+2 f9i% fill+ out ! neck & brea/1 %ap+ x :ile fill+1 us+ c>e n to get x too full1 z t is a fault ( mo/ beg9n]s2 aft] fill+ x d[n to ! op5+1 ! next %\ld be ! legs2 if ! leg bone is left 9 f ! knee up1 wrap x to ! leg wire ) a /rip ( musl9 & tie x2 !n /uff ! leg up to ! body1 fill ! body & sew up2 9 sew+ be c>eful n to draw any ( ! fea!rs d[n ) ! ?read4 ,aft] x is all sew$ up1 place all ! fea!rs d[n smoo? & 9 _! prop] place1 z mu* dep5ds on ?is4 ,next place ! specim5 on a bo>d or p]*2 if on a bo>d1 procure a suitable "o1 bore two holes ! size ( ! leg wires ?r\gh x1 !n make a groove on ! "u side ( bo>d runn+ (f f ea* hole to lay wire d[n 92 place ! specim5 on ! bo>d1 runn+ ! leg wires ?r\gh x1 & draw ! wires d[n until ! legs set 9 prop] position1 b5d ! wires d[n into ! grooves & fa/5 !m ) small bl9d /aples4 ,9 ?is connection "o %\ld use 8 own judgm5t 9 plac+ ! bird on ! bo>d2 "o leg %\ld g5]ally be plac$ a little 9 advance ( ! o!r4 ,if ! bird is to be plac$ on a limb p]*1 bore ! holes ?r\gh ! limb1 place ! bird on1 & draw ! wires tight1 & drive a wood5 w$ge 9 beside ! wire to hold x1 !n file ! wire (f close to ! "u side ( ! p]*4 ,pose ! bird 9 z natural a position z y c1 imitat+ nature z ne> z possible4 ,place ! w+s 9 position1 !n take a piece ( wire heavy en\gh to hold ! w+s 9 place4 ,%>p5 "o end1 & make a squ>e turn ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* f ! o!r end to keep x f pull+ ?r\gh ! w+4 ,n[ place ! w+s 9 prop] %ape4 ,pass ! wire ?r\gh ! w+s & body 9 a way to hold !m 9 %ape4 ,pull ! wire until ! turn on ! "o end presses aga9/ ! w+4 ,cut ! wire on o!r side ( bird & turn x back1 z on ! o!r side1 s t ! wire _c be pull$ ei!r way2 !n arrange ! :ole body--w+s1 neck1 tail1 head1 etc4 ,9 case ! specim5 is a web-foot$ bird1 take a ?9 piece ( bo>d1 say f a cig> box1 cut x to fit 9 betwe5 ! toes1 & tack !m 9 to hold ! web 9 %ape :ile dry+4 ,?is %\ld be remov$ :5 dry4 ,aft] all is complet$ ba! ! buts ( w+s1 ! feet1 legs & beak1 ) ! pres]v+ fluid2 ?is %\ld be repeat$ = ?ree or f\r days4 ,!n let ! specim5 dry 9 a %ady place4 ,x c !n be plac$ on ano!r bo>d or p]* & set 9 ! cab9et4 ,,m\nt+ ,,birds ,,on ,,wire ,,frame4 7,see directions = mak+ frame47 ,sk9 ! bird & prep>e x z direct$ 9 ?is article4 ,fill ! neck ) t[1 put 9 neck wire1 lett+ ! end come out ?r\gh ! no/ril2 b5d leg wires ,,aa back s z to get !m 9 ! legs2 run !m d[n on ! inside ( ! leg1 or ?r\gh ! c5t] ( leg bone1 & come out 9 ! c5t] ( ! foot4 7,see cuts ,nos4 #b & #c47 ,put tail support ,e ?r\gh ! "u "p ( ! tail1 & proce$ z direct$ h]et(ore 9 ?is article1 to /uff1 sew up1 etc4 ,:]e ! t[ c n be secur$ & y h to use cotton 9 /uff+1 always put 9 ! neck wire fir/1 & /uff ar\nd x or wrap ! neck wire ) /rips ( musl91 old calico1 or any?+ t c be us$ = t purpose1 always be+ c>eful n to make ! neck too l>ge4 ,excelsior c be us$ to good advantage 9 /uff+ l>ge bodies4 ,,pelicans4 ,9 dress+ a pelican always use ! bo>d & wire frame4 ,= position1 copy aft] "s picture ( ! bird1 :i* y c f9d 9 any natural hi/ory4 ,! only diff]5ce 9 dress+ f ! goose1 etc41 is !y h a game sack "u ! l[] jaw1 :i* is (t5 z mu* z t5 in*es wide & sixte5 in*es long4 ,i f9d ! be/ way to dress t is to take a f9e %+le1 wide & long en\gh1 & trim x 9 ! %ape ( a sleigh runn]1 & put x inside ( ! p\* or game sack1 ) ! /raight edge up & ! squ>e end t[>d ! neck4 ,draw ! p\* smoo? ov] ! %+le1 & tie ! bill toge!r1 !n wet well ) ! solution ( corrosive sublimate4 ,! bo>d %\ld be left 94 ,wire c be b5t & plac$ 9 to answ] ! same purpose4 ,,pea-,,f[l4 ,9 dress+ a pea-f[l1 :]e ! w+s & tail h to be spread1 extra wires h to be put 94 ,! wires = ! w+s are fa/5$ on to ! body bo>d1 z :5 us$ = ! =e legs ( animals4 ,!n1 = ! tail support1 take a wire ab\t five feet long & b5d x 9 a hoop %ape1 leav+ en\gh ( ! ends to ext5d into & fa/5 on ! body bo>d4 ,?is mu/ be put on ! bo>d be=e putt+ x 9 ! body4 ,dress ! bird z o!rs1 lett+ ! hoop or tail support ext5d out "u ! tail4 ,aft] x is all /uff$ & set on ! bo>d1 b5d ! tail support up back ( tail1 & fa/5 ! fea!rs ( ! tail to x by ty+ !m1 "o at a "t1 ) a heavy ?read1 9 su* a way t :5 all are fa/5$ to ! wire !y w /& z :5 ! bird 0 /rutt+4 ,arrange ! w+s & body to suit & let dry4 ,,dress+ ,,birds ,,) ,,w+s ,,spread4 ,to dress a bird ) w+s spread1 ei!r fly+ or sitt+1 x w be necess>y to put 9 w+ wires to hold ! w+s out4 ,! easie/ way is to use ! wire & bo>d frame1 us+ ! front leg wires z us$ 9 animals1 = ! w+s4 ,see ,figs4 #g & #h1 bo>d & body frame4 ,9 dress+ a bird ?is way1 aft] sk9n+ & wir+1 z direct$ = bird1 us+ frames #i & #aj1 put 9 ! w+ wires & fa/5 !m to body bo>d1 z direct$ = =elegs ( animals4 ,if wi%+ to repres5t ! bird z fly+1 take f\r cords & fa/5 !m to ! back ( ! bird 9 a way t w balance x2 tie !m toge!r a few in*es above ! back & ext5d "o cord long] ?an ! o!rs4 ,x c n[ be hung f ! ceil+ by ! cord2 ?is w let ! specim5 turn ab\t & pres5t a f9e appe>ance4 ,! feet %\ld be plac$ 9 z ne> a natural position z possible z :5 fly+4 ,9 all l>ge foot$ birds use pl5ty ( ! solution ( corrosive sublimate or turp5t9e4 ,! c>bolic acid & wat] mixture is also us$1 & is good4 ,,to ,,clean ,,fea!rs4 ,z a te/ case take a bird aft] kill+ & sme> x all ov] ) blood1 let x lie until dry4 ,!n put x 9 a bas91 & give x a good wa%+ ) soap & wat]1 !n r9se x clean4 ,n[ take a dry clo? & wipe x until almo/ dry4 ,!n spr9kle x ) dry pla/] ( p>is & %ake x out be=e x has "t to set4 ,repeat ?is p[d]+ & %ak+ until x is p]fectly dry1 & ! fea!rs w look bright & nice4 ,try x4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,bugs1 ,,etc4 ,take a l>ge mo? fly or mill] full ( eggs4 ,make an incision on ! "u side ( body & take out all ! eggs & entrails4 ,n[ put 9 "s ( ! pres]v+ fluid & fill ! cavity ) cotton & sew x up4 ,!n run a p9 d[n ?r\gh ! body & p9 x to a bo>d4 ,arrange its feet1 moi/5 its body ) ! pres]v+ fluid & ! job is complete4 ,butt]flies & small bugs ne$ only ! prep>ation ov] ! body4 ,heavy bugs c be plac$ 9 a cup & ! prep>ation p\r$ ov] !m4 ,let !m lie 9 x a few h\rs & p9 on bo>d z direct$ 9 mo? flies4 ,:5 dry place 9 a glass case4 ,,article ,,ii4 ,,( ,,sk9n+ ,,animals4 ,z soon z an animal is kill$1 take cotton & /uff 9 ! w\nds1 no/rils & m\?1 z direct$ 9 ,article ,i4 = birds2 !n let x cool be=e comm5c+ to sk94 ,9 sk9n+ a specim5 be v c>eful ab\t cutt+ holes 9 ! sk91 & also n to /ret* x by pull+ on x :ile sk9n+4 ,all be+ ready1 lay ! specim5 on its back1 make an incision f ! brea/-bone back to ! c5t] betwe5 ! h9d legs1 be+ c>eful n to cut too deep ov] ! abdom54 ,divide ! sk9 "r & left1 putt+ cotton or pap] on ! body z ! sk9 is remov$1 or spr9kle ) corn meal1 z direct$ = birds 9 ,article ,i1 to prev5t ! fatty matt] f soil+ ! hair4 ,:5 y come to ! h9d legs1 pull ! sk9 d[n ov] ! ?igh jo9t1 & unjo9t x1 cut ! leg (f & sk9 d[n to ! knee jo9t & unjo9t !re1 tak+ out all ! fle% d[n to ! foot1 !n treat ! o!r h9d leg ! same way4 ,n[ sk9 d[n ov] ! rump & back to ! tail4 ,! tail is h>d to sk94 ,take a =k$ /ick1 & aft] press+ ! sk9 z f> d[n on ! tail-bone z possible1 hold+ ! bone z tight 9 ! =k z y c1 pull d[nw>d & ! bone w slip out4 ,if ! animal is n too l>ge x %\ld be swung up ) a rope or cord ti$ ar\nd ! body j 9 front ( ! h9d legs1 or by atta*+ a hook to ! rope :i* fa/5s into ! fle%4 ,remove ! sk9 d[n to ! =elegs1 & unjo9t !m at ! body1 & sk9 out 9 ! same mann] z direct$ = ! h9d legs1 unjo9t+ at ! knees4 ,n[ sk9 ! neck & head1 & :5 y come to ! e>s cut !m close to ! skull2 f9e specim5s are (t5 spoil$ by cutt+ !m too f> out f ! skull4 ,we next come to ! eyes4 ,be c>eful n to cut ! eyelids4 ,x is bett] to cut close to ! skull & trim aft]w>ds ?an to risk spoil+ !m4 ,remove ! sk94 ,unjo9t ! neck close to ! skull1 enl>ge ! op5+ at ! base ( bra9 & remove all ! bra9s4 ,take out ! eyes & tongue & remove all fle% f ! skull4 ,?is completes ! sk9n+1 except :5 ! animal has horns4 ,9 t case1 proce$ z above until y come to ! neck4 ,sk9 z f> =w>d z y c & unjo9t ! neck at skull4 ,!n cut across f "o horn to ! o!r & loos5 ! sk9 ar\nd ! horns4 ,!n make ano!r cut f betwe5 ! horns backw>ds along ! neck f> en\gh to make ! op5+ l>ge en\gh to take ! skull out2 sk9 out ! skull & ! sk9n+ is complet$4 ,! fle% mu/ n[ be clean$ f ! skull by boil+ until t5d]1 !n scrap+ x1 or simply by cutt+ & scrap+ x4 ,take out ! bra9s1 eyes1 etc41 we are n[ ready to ano9t ! :ole inside ( sk91 skull1 etc41 ) ! pres]v+ p[d]4 ,put 9 ! frame & /uff ! body if ready2 if n1 ! e>s1 nose1 feet & lips mu/ be well wet ) ! pres]v+ fluid & laid away 9 a cool1 dry place4 ,,/uff+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,,animals4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #d4 ,aft] ! sk9 is prep>$1 we w beg9 by prep>+ ! skull4 ,aft] clean+ z direct$ ano9t x ) ! pres]v+ p[d]1 !n put 9 suitable eyes1 z direct$ 9 birds4 ,n[ if ! legs are l>ge en\gh to take 9 ! leg wires1 drill holes ?r\gh ! ends l>ge en\gh to receive said wires4 ,next divide ! sk9 ( e>s out to ! po9ts & place a piece ( t9 9 !m ! %ape ( e>4 ,n[ turn ! sk9 ( head inside out & sew up ! m\?1 draw ! "u lip up "u ! upp] lip & sew x !re s z :5 turn$ back ! /it*es w n %[4 ,next /ret* ! hide on ! b5* & measure x4 ,9 ord] to make ! wire frame z %[n & describ$ 9 wire frames1 ,nos4 #d & #f1 make ! frame ( suitable malleable wire1 & place x 9 z %[n1 except ! neck wire %\ld be pass$ out at no/ril4 ,fir/ put ! skull 9 place & pass ! neck wire ?r\gh ! nose4 ,!n pass ! leg wires out ?r\gh ! leg bones1 or on ! inside ( sk9 :]e ! bone is n l>ge en\gh to receive x4 ,n[ cut ! tail wire long en\gh to rea* to end ( tail & put x 9 place4 ,n[1 if ! sk9 has n be5 previ\sly prep>$ ) "s ( ! pres]v+ prep>ations1 p[d] ! :ole inside ) ! ars5ic & alum4 ,h[ev]1 ! head & legs h to be prep>$ be=e putt+ 9 ! frame4 ,we are n[ ready = ! fill+4 ,/uff cotton 9 ar\nd ! leg wires to make ! legs prop] %ape1 be+ c>eful n to get x 9 too tight4 ,take "s s& & mix "s ars5ic ) x2 fill ! tail ) ?is1 plac+ "s cotton at base ( tail to hold ! s& 94 ,n[ /uff ! neck & body ) any suitable mat]ial1 %ap+ & sew+ up z y proce$4 ,exam9e ! head1 & :]e x ne$s fill+ out pass ! cotton 9 ?r\gh nose & e>s1 & %ape x z 9 life1 arrang+ ! e>s1 nose & m\?4 ,n[ pose ! specim5 z y wi% x to rema91 & place x 9 a cool1 dry place to dry4 ,! leg wires %\ld be b5t s z to all[ ! foot to re/ on bo>d1 & :5 dry ! wires %\ld be cut (f at bottom ( feet1 & ! project+ neck wire at end ( nose %\ld also be cut (f4 ,ano9t ! feet1 nose & e>s ) ! pres]v+ fluid once a day = a few days4 ,! wood & wire frame is us$ 9 heavy animals1 ! wood simply tak+ ! place ( ! wire along ! back4 ,by exam9+ ! cuts x is easy to see h[ !y are to be us$4 ,wi%+ to /& animals1 su* z squirrels1 gr\ndhogs1 etc41 on ! h9d legs1 !y h to rema9 on a block or p]*2 s procure a suitable block or p]*1 & v>ni% x be=e putt+ ! specim5 on4 ,animals & birds c be /uff$ ) hay1 or any?+ t y c get into !m 9 good %ape4 ,i (t5 m[ f9e bluegrass & dry x c>efully1 & f9d x makes spl5did /uff+1 especially = ! bodies ( animals & l>ge birds4 ,excelsior also makes a good fill+4 ,,on ,,m\nt+ ,,de] ,,heads4 ,9 m\nt+ a de]'s head to look life-l 7hav+ horns on71 proce$ to sk91 ano9t ) ! pres]v+ p[d]1 build up ! nose ) pla/] ( p>is1 put 9 ! eyes1 sew up ! m\? & neck1 = :i* see directions 9 ano!r article4 ,n[ take a #bd-;in* piece ( p9e = a neck support4 ,fit ! end ( x 9 ! bra9 pit ) pla/] ( p>is4 ,:5 ! pla/] has h>d5$ sew up ! m\? z direct$ 9 cat4 ,draw ! sk9 up ov] ! skull & sew ! sk9 toge!r1 draw+ x close ar\nd ! horns4 ,! sk9 be+ op5$ on back ( neck1 sew x up to )9 six in*es ( back end4 ,n[ make a bo>d to fit 9 back end ( neck sk91 & fa/5 x to ! neck support 9 su* a way z to hold ! head on wall z desir$4 ,tack ! sk9 ar\nd ! bo>d1 be+ c>eful n to draw ! hair d[n4 ,/uff ! neck & f9i% sew+ up4 ,cut ! sk9 (f at back ( bo>d4 ,arrange ! :ole head z direct$ 9 ! cat & set away to dry4 ,see t ! e>s & eyes are all "r1 & use pl5ty ( ! pres]v+ fluid4 ,:5 ! head is complet$ make a suitable %ield to place on back end ( ! neck2 ?is %\ld be ( a neat patt]n & nicely poli%$4 ,fa/5 ?is on to neck bo>d ) screws1 !n on ! wall1 also ) screws1 :i* %\ld be pass$ ?r\gh ! %ield1 "u edge ( hair1 to conceal ! heads ( screws4 ,,article ,,iii4 ,a ,,simple ,,me?od ,,( ,,sk9n+1 ,,/uff+ ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,fi%4 ,,fi% ,,dress+4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,take a scale fi%1 say "o t weighs two p\nds1 m or less1 & if a fi% on :i* ! scales are tight1 y c sk9 & dress x )\t los+ any ( ! scales2 b if a loose scal$ fi%1 x w be bett] to protect !m z foll[s3 ,take "s tissue pap] & press x g5tly on "o side ( ! fi%1 !n turn x ov] & treat ! o!r side 9 ! same mann]4 ,! natural glut9\s matt] :i* cov]s ! scales w be suffici5t to make x adh]e firmly4 ,)\t ?is precaution ! sk9 c\ld n be remov$ f "s fi% )\t los+ ! scales1 :i* w\ld ru9 ! specim54 ,:5 ^! pap]s dry1 lay ! fi% on its back1 take a pair ( scissors & op5 ! sk9 d[n ! c5t] ( ! belly1 beg9n+ close up ! gills & runn+ cle> back to ! end ( ! body4 ,! sk9 %\ld n[ be tak5 (f ) great c>e1 us+ a smoo?-edg$ knife = sk9n+1 & a pair ( scissors to clip ! f9s & o!r f9e bones )4 ,aft] ! body has be5 sk9n$1 take out ! gills1 tongue & eyes4 ,x is n[ ready = ! pres]v+ p[d]1 :i* %\ld be spread or du/$ ov] ! inside ( ! sk91 be+ c>eful to rea* all p>ts ar\nd ! gills1 9 ! m\?1 eye sockets1 etc4 ,we n[ ins]t ! frame ,e 7see cut ,no4 #a71 :i* is simply a wire b5t z %[n 9 ! cut1 & sew up1 beg9n+ at ! tail & end+ at ! gills1 leav+ ! ends ,,ee ( frame project+1 z repres5t$ 9 cut ,no4 #a4 ,we n[ proce$ to fill ! body ) pla/] p>is4 ,mix up a suffici5t quantity1 take a funnel1 op5 ! gills or m\? & ins]t ! tube ( ! funnel !re91 & p\r 9 en\gh pla/] p>is to fill ! body4 ,h&le ! body c>efully1 & %ape x prop]ly1 :ile ! pla/] is sett+1 be+ c>eful to keep ! frame ,,ee /raight ) ! body4 ,:5 ! pla/] has set 7or h>d5$71 bore two holes 9 a r\gh bo>d to set ! frame rods ,,ee 91 :i* w hold ! body up (f ! bo>d4 7,see cut47 ,n[ proce$ to /uff ! head ) cotton1 be+ c>eful n to press ! gills out ( %ape1 !n draw ! m\? toge!r ) a ?read & tie x4 ,fill ! eye socket ) pla/] p>is or putty1 & set ! eye 9 ! prop] position4 ,we are n[ ready = ! f9s & tail2 if !y h become dry1 wet !m ) wat] & spread !m out2 !n take a ne$le & ?read & draw !m up1 z %[n 9 cut ,no4 #a4 ,to make ! frame1 take a r\gh bo>d1 say "o in* long] ?an ! fi% y int5d to dress4 ,= a fi% a foot long1 ! bo>d %\ld be "o in* ?ick & ab\t ?ree in*es wide1 & = l>g] fi% 9 ! same proportion1 or l>ge en\gh to support ! fi%4 ,to "o end ( ! bo>d nail a piece ( la? a foot long 7see ,d 9 cut72 on ! o!r end nail a block 7,c 9 cut71 to :i* nail an upright piece 7,b 9 cut74 ,tack ! tail to ! upright 7,b7 ) tacks 7,p74 ,raise ! upp] f9s by draw+ a ?read ?r\gh !m & ty+ to upright piece1 z %[n 9 cut4 ,drive two nails 9 bo>d 7,a71 z %[n 7,,gh71 to :i* fa/5 ?reads atta*$ to l[] f9s z %[n 9 cut4 ,set away to dry & :5 ?or\ghly dry wa% ! :ole body1 take (f ! tissue pap]4 ,:5 ! fi% gets dry1 damp5 all ! out] surface ) corrosive sublimate & set away4 ,take (f ! ?reads & place x on a nice1 smoo? bo>d & give a light coat ( v>ni%4 ,! specim5 is !n ready = ! cab9et4 ,%\ld y pref] to /uff ! body ) cotton in/ead ( us+ pla/] p>is1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,aft] sk9n+ z direct$1 make a frame1 ,,ee1 & take a /raight piece ( wire long en\gh to rea* f ! po9t ( ! nose to ! o!r end ( ! body1 fa/5 ?is to ! frame1 ,,ee1 at ! upp] end1 by wrapp+ !m toge!r ) a small wire or cord1 leav+ ! frame ,,ee z ne> ! c5t] z possible4 ,take cotton or t[ & wrap ! wire t is to run l5g?wise ( ! body1 say "o-f\r? z big z ! body1 !n ins]t x 9 ! sk9 & proce$ to /uff ) cotton1 be+ v c>eful to get ! natural %ape4 ,:5 ?is is complet$1 proce$ to sew up & m\nt z direct$ :5 dress$ ) pla/] p>is4 ,! ,g> fi% makes a f9e specim51 by simply fill+ ! sk9 ) dry s& :ile dry+1 & let x out :5 dry4 ,,article ,,iv4 ,,hunt+ ,,specim5s ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,same4 ,9 hunt+ specim5s1 birds or animals1 x is be/ to take a d\ble-b>rel$ %ot-gun1 h y\r c>tridges load$ "s ) f9e %ot1 & "s ) co>se2 keep "o b>rel load$ ) "o numb] & ! o!r b>rel ) ! o!r numb]1 !n y are ready = ei!r small or l>ge game4 ,h "s cotton & old newspap] ) y1 & z soon z y kill a specim51 /op up ! %ot holes ) ! cotton1 & x is sometimes be/ to /uff "s 9 ! no/rils & m\?4 ,if any blood has run out on ! hair1 or fea!rs1 z ! case may be1 wipe x (f c>efully1 !n wrap ! body 9 pap] & pack x 9 ! game sack1 us+ all c>e n to b5d1 break or soil ! fea!rs1 = if once soil$ x is h>d to make ! "w look well aga94 ,on remov+ ! birds f ! game sack1 if !re is any blood on ! fea!rs1 wa% x out ) cle> wat]1 & wipe until ne>ly dry2 !n spr9kle ) pla/] ( p>is & %ake until dry4 ,9 ?is way ! fea!rs w look smoo? & natural2 b if1 aft] wa%+1 y let !m dry )\t /irr+1 !y w pres5t a bad appe>ance4 ,:]e ! blood has rema9$ on ! fea!rs !y mu/ be well wa%$ & treat$ z direct$ 9 a te/ case z giv5 at close ( ,article ,i4 ,,article ,v4 ,,wood ,,& ,,wire ,,frames4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,! above cuts repres5t my wood & wire frames = animals & birds4 ,fig4 #g is ,fig4 #h rev]s$2 ,fig4 #h1 %[+ ! way ! neck & tail supports ,,ee are fa/5$ to ! body bo>d ) bl9d /aples4 ,fig4 #g %[s ! way ! leg wires ,,aa are fa/5$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,9 mak+ ! frame1 measure ! animal f %\ld] to hip1 & cut ! bo>d a little long] ?an ! measure tak52 r\nd ! corn]s z %[n 9 cuts1 & r\nd ! upp] edges to keep !m f cutt+ ! sk9 %\ld x come 9 contact ) x4 ,n[ take a wire or rod long en\gh to rea* f ! end ( ! tail to ! end ( ! nose1 b5d ! wire z %[n 9 ,fig4 #h1 & fa/5 x to ! body bo>d ) bl9d /aples1 unless ! specim5 be a l>ge "o1 !n x w be necess>y to put !m on ) /rong wire /aples4 ,next b5d ! wires = legs z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab1 :i* %\ld n be fa/5$ to ! bo>d until aft] be+ plac$ 9 ! legs ( ! animal be+ dress$4 ,!y are !n b5t up z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac & fa/5$ to ! body bo>d ) /aples to suit4 ,! frame = birds is made 9 ! same way1 except+ ! =elegs1 :i* is us$ on bird frames only :5 want+ to spread ! w+s4 ,fig4 #aa is a s+le wire frame1 to be b5t 9 ! mann] %[n1 & to be us$ 9 dress+ small birds4 7,see small bird page #e74 ,,article ,,vi4 ,,= ,,birds ,,& ,,animals4 ,,wire ,,frames4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,! above frames are made z foll[s3 ,take a /raight wire & turn a loop 9 ! c5t] z %[n at ,b1 ,fig4 #a4 ,take ano!r wire ab\t ! same l5g? & b5d x z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,n[ run ,fig4 #b wire ?r\gh ! loop ,b 9 ,fig4 #a d[n to b5d ,e1 fa/5 !m 9 a vice at ! loop ,b 9 ,fig4 #a1 & plait ! ?ree toge!r z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,to =m ! ,fig4 #d frame1 make ano!r loop two or ?ree in*es or fur!r up ! neck wire ,e1 b5d ano!r wire z ,fig4 #b1 put ?is ?r\gh ! loop1 & plait toge!r z 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,?is =ms ! frame = animals1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,= ,figs4 #e & #f1 lay ?ree wires toge!r z %[n 9 ,fig4 #e1 put !m 9 a vise & twi/ or plait toge!r z %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,?is =ms ?ree wire frames--,figs4 #c1 #d & #f4 ,! advantage ,fig4 #d frame has ov] ,fig4 #f1 is t x is easi] b5t 9 ! c5t]1 !re only be+ "o wire4 ,,article ,,vii4 ,,moles4 ,x is n necess>y to give m ?an "o way to dress a mole4 ,an exp]t c sk91 /uff & sew up a mole 9 t5 m9utes 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,aft] kill+ a mole1 let x cool2 !n make an incision along ! abdom51 comm5c+ at ! tail & runn+ =w>d two in*es1 or ab\t to ! c5t] ( ! body4 ,sk9 out ! h9d legs1 bone & fle%1 d[n to ! foot & unjo9t4 ,press ! sk9 back to ! tail & unjo9t x close to ! body4 ,pull ! sk9 (f ! body1 tak+ c>e ( front feet1 n to pull !m loose f ! sk92 unjo9t !m1 or break ! arm bone close to ! foot2 sk9 on d[n to m\? & cut ! body loose1 leav+ only ! jaw bones 9 ! sk94 ,spread on ! :ole sk9 all ! pres]v+ p[d] t w /ick to x1 & turn ! sk9 back inside out4 ,turn ! h9d legs & proce$ to fill ! body ) cotton1 us+ a wire to /uff ! cotton 9 )1 z 9 all o!r animals1 be+ c>eful n to /ret* ! sk91 & also n to get ! cotton knott$ up4 ,aft] ! body is fill$ sew x up & place on a bo>d to dry4 ,place ! feet 9 position1 & wet !m & ! tail & nose ) ! solution ( corrosive sublimate4 ,o!r small animals1 su* z rats1 mice1 gr\nd squirrels1 goph]s1 etc41 c be dress$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,aft] /uff+ smoo? ! hair & %ape ! body be=e lay+ away4 ,,article ,,viii4 ,,mode ,,( ,,dress+ ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,turtles4 ,a good siz$ turtle may be ?or\ghly pres]v$ )\t ! t$i\s process ( unjo9t+1 sk9n+1 digg+ out ! fle%1 sew+ up1 etc41 by obs]v+ ! foll[+ directions3 ,take a snapp+1 or any o!r h>d %ell turtle1 say "o t measures t5 in*es across ! back1 or small]1 d[n to ! smalle/4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be done is to kill x1 :i* is ! h>de/ "p ( ! op]ation1 z x cl+s to life t5aci\sly1 & l>ge ones are v /rong & h>d to manage4 ,"o way is to get x to op5 its m\?1 & cat* x by ! "u jaw ) a pair ( /rong pli]s1 hold its m\? op5 & make x swall[ a quantity ( ! solution ( corrosive sublimate2 ?is be+ a deadly poison1 x w soon kill x4 ,ano!r way is to hold its head z f> out z y c pull x1 & /ick x z close to ! "u %ell z y c1 runn+ ! blade well back into ! body4 ,x takes "s "t = x to die aft] be+ /uck4 ,& /ill ano!r way is to op5 its m\? & /ick a knife blade up ?r\gh ! ro( ( ! m\? into ! bra94 ,i pref] ! poison+1 z x seems to die easi] & quick]1 & x does n disfigure x4 ,z soon z x dies1 lay x on its back1 & make an op5+ 9 ! sk91 "u "o ( ! back legs1 l>ge en\gh to take out all ! entrails2 n[ take a pair ( pli]s or a hook 7made = ! purpose72 pull out all ! entrails1 liv]1 he>t1 etc4 ,if ! specim5 is a l>ge "o1 p\r 9 "s wat] & r9se out ?or\ghly1 !n put 9 a lot ( ! pres]v+ p[d]1 be+ c>eful to get x well di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! body4 ,!n take "s cotton & du/ x well ) ! pres]v+ p[d]1 & fill up ! inside1 press+ ! cotton 9 tight1 fill+ ! body full & sew up4 ,n[ op5 ! m\? & p\r "s ( ! solution ( corrosive sublimate d[n its ?roat1 & press "s cotton spr9kl$ ) ! p[d] d[n its ?roat1 be+ c>eful n to /ret* ! neck out ( proportion4 ,remove ! eyes & ins]t ! artificial eyes 9 _! /ead2 fill ! m\? ) cotton & close x4 ,cut a hole 9 ! bottom ( ea* foot1 & probe ! legs ) a knife or ! blunt end ( a wire2 p\r 9 "s ( ! solution ( corrosive sublimate1 or "w 9 en\gh ( ! p[d] to pres]ve ! fle%2 if ! tail is a l>ge "o1 x %\ld be treat$ 9 ! same way1 & all sew$ up4 ,n[ set x on a bo>d & tack ! feet to ! bo>d 9 z ne> ! way x w\ld hold !m :ile walk+ z y c4 ,pull ! neck out a v little1 & put a little block or a small roll ( cotton "u x to hold x up 9 position :ile dry+4 ,be=e putt+ x on ! dry+ bo>d1 take a small pa9t bru%1 p\r out "s ( ! solution ( corrosive sublimate 9 a di% & give ! :ole out] surface a ?or\gh wett+4 ,?is %\ld be repeat$ once a day = sev]al days4 ,?is completes ! dress+4 ,aft] ! specim5 is dry1 take x (f ! bo>d & set 9 ! cab9et4 ,ano!r way3 ,aft] kill+1 z direct$1 lay ! specim5 on its back & unjo9t ! brea/ %ell f back %ell ) a *isel or heavy knife blade2 op5 ! sk9 f ! front "p ( ! =eleg back & ar\nd to front ( ! o!r =eleg1 cutt+ "u ! legs4 ,sk9 out all ! fle% & bones ( ! legs & unjo9t !m at ! foot1 sk9 out ! tail1 !n unjo9t ! neck bone f backbone1 & sk9 x out & unjo9t at ! back ( ! skull4 ,take ! fle% f back & brea/ %ells1 !n ano9t all p>ts ) ! pres]v+ p[d]4 ,take a frame z ,fig4 #h1 9 article ,v1 ( ! wire & wood frame1 & put 9 legs1 neck & tail1 z direct$ 9 animals1 lett+ ! neck wire pass out ?r\gh ! m\? or no/ril4 ,/uff ! legs1 neck & tail ) cotton or t[1 & sew up ! sides1 leav+ an op5+ to /uff ! body2 fill ! body1 !n f9i% sew+ up4 ,9 /uff+ ! legs1 neck & tail be c>eful to keep ! wires 9 ! c5t] ( ea*4 ,op5 ! m\? & take out ! eyes f inside & put 9 ! glass eyes2 put "s cotton back ( !m to hold !m 9 place :ile dry+4 ,close ! m\?1 & wet ! :ole body ) ! solution ( corrosive sublimate4 ,?is %\ld be done once a day = sev]al days4 ,place ! specim5 on a bo>d to dry4 ,= position1 copy aft] nature z ne> z possible4 ,aft] ! sk9 is dry a coat ( v>ni% adds mu* to its appe>ance4 ,,article ,,ix4 ,,kill+ ,,& ,,dress+ ,,snakes4 ,to kill a snake )\t bruis+ or break+ ! sk9 is a difficult und]tak+1 =1 z a g5]al ?+1 we are n look+ = snakes1 !re=e we are n prep>$ to capture "o4 ,:5 we d run across !m1 we g5]ally kill !m ) ! fir/ ?+ we get hold (4 ,if ! snake is n too l>ge1 /rike x across ! back ) a small /ick4 ,?is disables him1 & y n[ h "t to prep>e to f9i% him4 ,wat* y\r *ance & :5 ! opportunity pres5ts itself1 tap x on ! head a few times1 & y c soon kill x )\t bruis+4 ,:5 x is dead1 op5 its m\? & cut ! tongue & fangs out1 !n unjo9t ! backbone f ! skull & sk9 back on ! body an in* or two1 turn+ ! sk9 inside out4 ,tie a cord to ! sk9n$ "p ( ! body & pull on ?is ) y\r "r h&1 :ile ) y\r left h& y pull ! sk9 (f f ! body1 :i* is easily done if ! snake is n too l>ge 9 ! c5t] ( ! body2 9 t case x mu/ be op5$ 9 ! l>ge/ "p ( ! body4 ,make ! op5+ on "u side ( body1 l5g?wise ( ! snake1 & long en\gh to all[ y to remove ! sk9 all ar\nd ! body1 !n cut ! body 9 two4 ,sk9 out bo? ends1 unjo9t+ ! body close to ! skull1 turn ! sk9 "r side out & sew up ! op5+1 tak+ %ort /it*es4 ,n[ mix "s pla/] p>is & wat]1 leav+ x ?9 en\gh to run2 place a funnel 9 ! m\? & p\r ! pla/] 9 until ! body is full4 ,lay ! snake on a level bo>d & coil x be=e ! pla/] gets dry1 plac+ ! head 9 ! position 9 :i* y want x to rema94 ,take out ! eyes & put 9 ! glass ones2 !n wet ! :ole sk9 ) ! solution ( corrosive sublimate4 ,?is %\ld be repeat$ once a day = ?ree or f\r days4 ,ano!r me?od is to sk9 & sew up z direct$1 !n take a long wire & /uff ! body ) cotton or t[1 be+ c>eful to get ! /uff+ 9 smoo?1 s t no lumps w %[ on ! outside4 ,ano!r way is to fill ! body ) s&1 & :5 ! sk9 has ?or\ghly dri$1 make a hole 9 ! "u "p ( ! body & let ! s& run out4 ,9 ei!r ( ! above modes ! snake %\ld be coil$ z soon z /uff$ 9 ! %ape y want x to rema91 & pl5ty ( ! solution ( corrosive sublimate us$ ov] ! sk94 ,eels1 frogs & toads are sk9n$ & /uff$ 9 ! same mann] z ! snake1 no frames be+ us$4 ,,article ,x4 ,,dress+ ,,alligators4 ,take an alligator1 say five feet long1 make an incision ! full l5g? ( ! body1 on ! "u side1 & sk9 out all ! fle% & bones1 z recomm5d$ 9 sk9n+ animals4 ,scrape (f all ! fat or fle% t may be left on ! inside ( ! sk91 & give x a ?or\gh coat ( ! pres]v+ p[d]4 ,n[ proce$ to /uff x )\t us+ any frame4 ,fir/ /uff ! legs ) cotton or t[1 press+ x 9 v tight--_! sk9 be+ v t\gh1 !re is no dang] ( /ret*+ x4 ,sew ! neck up1 d[n to ! front legs1 & /uff tight2 n[ sew up ! tail to h9d legs & /uff x2 !n take a piece ( p9e bo>d1 say an in* ?ick1 two in*es wide1 & twelve in*es long1 place ?is inside ( ! sk91 draw ! edges toge!r ov] x1 & tack bo? edges close toge!r on ! bo>d1 fill ! body up to ! end ( ?is bo>d1 & put 9 ano!r bo>d 9 ! same way1 & aga9 /uff2 :5 ! full l5g? ( ! op5+ is clos$ up 9 ?is way1 be=e putt+ 9 ! la/ section1 h ! body ?or\ghly /uff$ & put ! section 9 aft]w>d4 ,! advantage 9 putt+ 9 ! bo>d is ?is3 ,x is almo/ impossible to sew ! sk91 & z x is to lay flat1 x is mu* easi] to use ! bo>ds2 !y c\ld also be us$ 9 ! neck & tail1 if y wi% to lay !m /raight ) ! body4 ,lay ! specim5 on a flat bo>d1 & place 8 feet & tail z y wi% to h !m4 ,! eyes %\ld n[ be remov$1 "s ( ! solution ( corrosive sublimate put 9 ! sockets1 !n put ! glass eyes 9 ) putty or pla/] p>is4 ,close ! m\? & set a block "u ! jaw to hold x up :ile dry+4 ,give ! body a ?or\gh wett+ ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 repeat+ x once a day = ?ree or f\r days4 ,aft] ! sk9 becomes well dri$ give x "o or two coats ( v>ni% & y h a f9e specim54 ,,article ,,xi4 ,,description ,,( ,,foot-,,/ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #e4 ,lett] 7,a7 repres5ts ! cov]+1 7,b7 ! moss or hair fill+1 7,c7 ! bolt :i* fa/5s ! horn to ! /ool brace1 7,d7 ! tap ( said bolt1 7,e7 ! wood5 base ( /ool1 7,f7 a small rod or nail set 9 ! pla/] p>is1 7,g7 a rivet ?r\gh ! horn1 7,h7 head to bolt1 7,j7 pla/] p>is 9 ! horn4 ,,directions ,,= ,,mak+ ,,! ,,/ool ,take ?ree c[ horns ( good %ape & size2 rasp !m & s&-pap] d[n1 z h]eaft] direct$ 9 ,article ,,xii2 !n1 aft] decid+ :at height y want ! legs1 make a frame to saw !m (f on1 z illu/rat$ & direct$ 9 ,article ,,xii1 cut ,no4 #f4 ,aft] saw+ (f1 drill a hole ?r\gh 9 ! horn ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! l>ge end4 ,?is hole %\ld be l>ge en\gh to take 9 a t5-p5ny nail4 ,put ! nail ?r\gh & file x (f ev5 ) ! horn on bo? sides1 & rivet x ) a small rivet+ hamm]4 ,n[ level up ! ends ( ! horns :]e !y 7 saw$ (f1 by tak+ a co>se piece ( s&-pap]1 & lay+ x on a level bo>d1 rub ! ends ( ! horn r\nd & r\nd on x until x is p]fectly level4 ,n[ take ! bolt ,c1 ( size & l5g? to suit ! horn1 put x d[n 9 ! horn to see t x w suit2 sometimes x has to be b5t 9 ! %ape ( ! horn2 aft] fitt+ x to ! horn1 leav+ ab\t #a in*es project+ out to g ?r\gh ! wood5 base ,e & leav+ room = ! tap ,d4 ,n[ mix "s pla/] p>is & wat] until ab\t z ?ick z x w run2 p\r ?is 9 ! horn until ne>ly full1 put 9 ! bolt1 z %[n1 & :ile ! pla/] p>is is yet s(t1 take an eight-p5ny wire nail & pu% x d[n head fir/ 9 ! pla/] p>is1 leav+ ab\t half an in* /ick+ out2 ?is nail & ! bolt %\ld bo? come /raight up f ! level ( ! end ( ! horn4 ,:5 ! pla/] is p>tially dry1 level up ar\nd ! bolt & nail at ! end4 ,! horn %\ld n[ be poli%$ z direct$ 9 ,article ,,xii4 ,! next is ! wood5 base ,e2 h a bo>d turn$ or cut r\nd1 say twelve in*es across & "o in* ?ick4 ,?is %\ld be made ( walnut1 or "s o!r h>d wood1 b :5 ! h>d wood c n be procur$ p9e w d4 ,if p9e is us$ x %\ld be pa9t$1 or /a9$ & v>ni%$ on ! "u side1 & if walnut x %\ld be s&-pap]$1 fill$ & v>ni%$4 ,n[ /rike a circle )9 ab\t two in*es ( ! out] edge & bore ?ree holes at equal di/ances ap>t & set 9 ! bolts2 :5 y get !m 9 ! position y want !m1 press d[n on !m to get ! impr9t ( ! nails ,f1 !n remove ! horns & bore a hole ! size ( ! nails ,f4 ,n[ put ! bolts 9 aga9 & screw ! top on tight4 ,! nail ,f is to keep ! horns f turn+ ar\nd & gett+ out ( place4 ,see t ! butt ( horn fits tight to ! wood5 base ,e4 ,,uphol/]+ ,,foot-,,/ool4 ,g to a saddl] & get ei!r curl$ hair1 de] hair1 or moss suffici5t = a heavy pad2 lay x on ! floor & beat all ! dirt out ( x1 !n pick x all ap>t to get all ! matt$ lumps out1 lay x on ! /ool top & pile x up ab\t a foot high :ile loose1 take a piece ( musl9 or drill+1 lay x on top ( ! moss or hair & draw all ! f\r corn]s d[n tight1 tack+ !m ab\t ! c5t] ( ! edge ( ! wood5 base ,e1 !n draw x all d[n & tack 9 ! same mann]1 draw+ v tight1 be+ c>eful to get x r\nd & ev5 & leav+ no wr9kle4 ,9 case ! moss is n ev5ly di/ribut$1 take a long awl & run x ?r\gh ! cov]+ & c>efully di/ribute x4 ,next 9 ord] is ! outside cov]+1 :i* %\ld be a f9e piece ( silk plu% or velvet4 ,get a piece l>ge en\gh to "w "s f9e fl[] or motto 9 ! c5t]1 !n put x on 9 ! same mann] z ! fir/1 only tack+ x d[n ne> ! l[] edge ( ! wood5 base ,e2 by be+ c>eful y c get x on )\t wr9kl+ x4 ,! tacks %\ld be small & v close toge!r4 ,put a piece ( braid ar\nd ! edge & tack x on ) uphol/]+ tacks & ! /ool is complet$4 ,,saw+ ,,(f ,,horns4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #f4 ,cut ,no4 #f is to illu/rate a frame on :i* to cut horns to be us$ = foot/ool legs4 ,)\t a frame ( ?is k9d x is almo/ impossible to cut !m to set level ) /ool & floor4 ,9 fact1 x is m difficult ?an x w\ld be = a c>p5t] to cut mold+ to fit corn]s1 etc41 )\t a mitre box4 ,x is v simple & is made z foll[s3 ,= a frame l>ge en\gh to cut f\r horns1 take a f5c+ bo>d & cut (f a piece f x two feet long4 ,! bo>d is suppos$ to be ab\t six in*es wide & "o in* ?ick4 ,saw (f ano!r piece ! same l5g? & nail x to ! edge1 z %[n 9 cut4 ,?is we w call ! back ( frame & ! o!r ! bottom4 ,! back !n is five in*es high1 measur+ f bottom bo>d up4 ,?is completes ! frame z %[n4 ,! horns are n[ plac$ on ! frame & nails driv5 ar\nd !m into ! frame to hold !m firmly 9 place4 ,place ! horns close toge!r 9 sett+ on ! frame & p\r pla/] p>is ov] ! po9ts ( all1 z %[n 9 cut horn ,a4 ,aft] ! pla/] p>is has ?or\ghly h>d5$1 saw (f ano!r piece ( ! same bo>d & nail x to front edge ( bottom bo>d1 & proce$ to saw (f ! horns level ) ! upp] edge ( back & front bo>ds1 z 9 horn ,a4 ,%\ld y want ! legs long] or %ort]1 take wid] or n>r[] bo>ds = back & front ( frame4 ,aft] tak+ ! horns f ! frame1 proce$ to put 9 ! wire ?r\gh ! butt ( horn & rivet x2 !n put 9 ! bolt & nail ,f 7z direct$ 9 a =m] article7 & fill ! horn ) pla/] p>is1 z %[n 9 ! above cut 7,c74 ,! horn is n[ ready1 aft] poli%+1 to be plac$ on ! /ool4 ,x c also be plac$ on a bo>d & us$ = a hat hook1 or = hold+ back w9d[ curta9s1 etc4 ,,article ,,xii4 ,,directions ,,= ,,poli%+ ,,horns1 ,,ho(s1 ,,etc4 ,g to a h>dw>e /ore & buy two good wood rasps1 flat on "o side & r\nd on ! o!r2 !n get ?ree grades ( em]y or s&-pap]1 say ,no4 #a1 ,no4 #j1 ,no4 #jj2 !n g to a drug /ore & buy t5 c5ts' wor? ( sweet oil & t5 c5ts' wor? ( rott5 /one4 ,get an old felt hat & an old case knife & y are ready = bus9ess4 ,take ( ei!r horns or ho(s1 sev]al at a "t1 & put !m 9 an old pot or kettle ( boil+ wat]1 let x boil until !y become s(t1 :i* usually takes ab\t half an h\r2 take out "o at a "t & rasp x until x beg9s to cool & h>d51 put x back & take out ano!r1 & keep ?is up until all are rasp$ d[n to ! %ape y want !m4 ,n[ take "o at a "t 9 ! same mann] & scrape !m until !y are scrap$ smoo? ( all rasp m>ks1 us+ ! case knife = ! scrap]1 ! edge ( :i* has be5 gr\nd squ>e (f l t ( a %e> blade4 ,n[ take ! ,no4 #a s&-pap] & s&-pap] d[n1 !n use ! ,no4 #j1 & f9ally f9i% up ) ! ,no4 #jj1 rubb+-l5g?wise ( ! horn4 ,we are n[ ready = ! f9i%+ t\*4 ,take a piece ( felt suffici5tly l>ge to rub )1 p\r "s ( ! sweet oil on x1 !n du/ ) ! rott5 /one1 & give ! horn a ?or\gh rubb+1 putt+ m ( ! rott5 /one on occasionally1 & keep up ! rubb+ until y get a high poli%4 ,su* a poli% w rema9 on = ye>s4 ,ano!r way to poli% horns3 ,fa/5 !m firmly on a b5* or to ! wall4 ,take a /rip ( tick+ or felt ab\t ?ree in*es wide & ?ree feet long4 ,wet x 9 wat] & spr9kle p[d]$ em]y ov] bo? sides4 ,take hold ( bo? ends1 place x ar\nd ! horn & draw backw>ds & =w>ds1 ar\nd & ar\nd1 until ! horn pres5ts a smoo? surface2 !n take ano!r /rip ( ! same description & use 9 ! same mann]1 except us+ rott5 /one in/ead ( ! em]y4 ,!re are diff]5t grades ( ! em]y1 & only ! f9e/ is to be us$ 9 poli%+2 a co>s] grade c be us$ 9 ! same mann] 9 ! place ( s&-pap]1 & is v good4 ,,color+ ,,horns4 ,if y wi% to give a horn a fle% color1 secure a v light color$ horn1 rasp & scrape x d[n v ?91 & poli% s t ! horn is transp>5t4 ,get "s r$ pa9t 7) pl5ty ( dry] 9 x7 give ! inside ( ! horn a coat ( ! pa9t1 & set x away to dry4 ,be=e apply+ ! pa9t1 wa% ! horn out well ) soap & w>m wat] & dry well4 ,! above gives a beautiful fle% color1 :i* w la/ = ye>s1 especially :5 fill$ ) pla/] p>is4 ,,to ,,remote ,,pla/] ,,p>is ,,f ,a ,,horn ,,& ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,horn ,,r\nd4 ,aft] ! pla/] p>is has become ?or\ghly dry x is v h>d2 !re=e to cut x out ) a *isel is v t$i\s2 b x (t5 has to be done4 ,if ! inside ( ! horn is smoo? & a little tap]+1 x is v easy to remove by boil+ x until ! horn exp&s or becomes s(t2 !n tap ! horn ) a smoo? /ick or hamm]1 & ! pla/] w drop out 9 a :ole piece4 ,if y h put a rivet ?r\gh ! horn be=e putt+ 9 ! pla/] p>is x is m difficult to remove1 z ! rivet holds ! pla/] firmly 9 ! horn4 ,9 su* a case take a *isel & dig out ! pla/] p>is d[n to ! rivet1 !n ei!r cut ! rivet ) ! *isel or file x 9 two & take x out2 !n proce$ z above direct$4 ,to make ! butt ( a horn r\nd1 put ! horn 9 boil+ wat]2 let x rema9 ab\t t5 m9utes2 h a r\nd wood5 plug ready1 :i* %\ld be w$ge %ap$2 drive ?is 9 ! horn :ile hot1 & let x cool2 aft]w>ds remove ! plug1 & ! horn w rema9 r\nd4 ,?is makes q a diff]5ce 9 ! appe>ance ( ! horn :]e y wi% to use x = a hat rack1 foot/ool1 etc4 ,,to ,,dress ,,de] ,,horns4 ,make an extra /rong lye1 us+ ! granulat$ lye & hot wat]1 say "o tablespoonful ( lye to half p9t ( hot wat]4 ,give ! :ole horn a ?or\gh ba? 9 ! mixture1 & let x set ab\t "o h\r2 !n take a /iff bru% & give ! horns a ?or\gh wa%+2 ?is cuts (f all ! dirt t has accumulat$ 9 ! r\gh knotty p>ts4 ,! horns %\ld n[ be put 9 a b>rel ( wat] & let soak a day or two1 to take (f all ! lye1 !n wa% well us+ a /iff bru%4 ,n[ take an old h&-saw & cut d[n ?r\gh ! skull1 comm5c+ "o in* back ( ! horns & com+ out at ! eye sockets1 be+ c>eful to saw /raight ?r\gh1 s t :5 plac$ on a bo>d !y w set level4 ,take a two-in* p9e block z wide z ! skull & ?ree in*es long]1 r\nd (f ! top & bottom ends to suit ! %ape ox ! skull1 place ! horns on ! block1 hold+ !m !re ) ! h&s4 ,put x up aga9/ ! wall & if ! horns pit* too f> =w>d take d[n & cut (f f ! front ( ! bo>d1 slop+ x backw>ds until ! horns hang at a prop] pit*4 ,n[ drill ab\t f\r holes ?r\gh ! skull1 & screw ! skull fa/ to ! bo>d4 ,take a doz5 or m %+le nails & drive 9 ! front ( bo>d an in* or m ap>t1 leav+ ! heads /ick+ out4 ,^! are to hold ! pla/] p>is1 :i* is put on to level up be=e putt+ on ! cov]+4 ,aft] ! nails are all 91 mix "s pla/] p>is & p\r ov] ! skull & ar\nd ! edges to r\nd x up 9 %ape = ! cov]+4 ,aft] ! pla/] p>is is p>tially h>d5$1 smoo? x by scrap+ d[n ! high places1 !n let x dry4 ,take a piece ( /rong unblea*$ musl9 l>ge en\gh to /ret* ov] ! skull & bo>d1 tack ! musl9 on ! back "p ( ! skull bo>d1 !n draw x d[n betwe5 ! horns & tack x to ! "u side ( ! bo>d at ! l[] end1 draw+ v tight2 n[ comm5ce at ! edge ( ! musl9 & cut /raight 9 to ! inn] side ( horns1 r\nd out a little = ! horn1 & proce$ to draw x all d[n tight1 & tack x on ! "u side ( ! block1 be+ c>eful n to make any wr9kles 9 ! cov]+2 trim x (f to ! tacks on ! "u side4 7,"s pref] to h ! musl9 wet :ile putt+ x on47 ,we are n[ ready = ! out] cov]+1 :i* %\ld be plu% or velvet1 & is put on 9 ! same way z ! fir/ cov]+4 ,x requires "s skill to make a smoo? job ( ! fir/2 yet by go+ sl[1 any "o %\ld d a fair job4 ,next make a bo>d to screw on ! back ( ?is1 :i* %\ld be made 9 diamond %ape or r\nd+ on bo? ends1 & ab\t six in*es long] & "o in* wid] ?an ! skull bo>d2 ?is %\ld be made ( walnut & nicely v>ni%$2 aft] x has ?or\ghly dri$ fa/5 x tight to skull bo>d ) screws1 c\nt]-s9k+ _! heads4 ,bore "o hole at ea* end ( ! base bo>d & c\nt]-s9k !m2 !n screw x to ! wall4 ,v>ni% ! r\gh "p ( ! horns & let !m dry2 !n take "s *5ille or t9sel cord to trim ar\nd ! butt ( ! horns & ar\nd ! back "p or edge ( ! skull bo>d4 ,tack x on ) uphol/]+ tacks4 ,c[ horns & %eep horns are m\nt$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! %eep horns %\ld be clean$ ) ! lye1 z direct$ = ! de] horns1 b no scrap+ or poli%+ is necess>y2 !y look bett] r\gh4 ,! c[ horns %\ld be poli%$1 z direct$ on page #ajb1 be=e !y are put on ! bo>d4 ,no poli%$ horn %\ld be v>ni%$4 ,,poli%+ ,,ho(s ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,k9ds4 ,! c[ ho( takes a high poli%1 & a numb] ( useful articles c be made ( !m--:i* are n only useful1 b q a novelty4 ,take a pair ( c[ ho(s1 :i* are nei!r bruis$ nor scal$1 rasp !m d[n 9 good %ape1 !n scrape1 s&-pap] & poli% ! same z direct$ 9 poli%+ horns4 ,! ho(s %\ld be good mat*es1 & bo? f ! same foot4 ,bore or drill two holes 9 "o ( !m on ! inn] side1 ab\t "o-half in* ap>t1 & place ! two ho(s side by side on a level bo>d1 see+ t ! toes are ev5 ) ea* o!r4 ,take a piece ( wire or an awl & put ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! ho( & m>k ! place to make ! holes on ! o!r1 s t :5 !y are wir$ toge!r !y w set ev5 ) ea* o!r4 ,drill small holes ar\nd ! tops1 say a qu>t] ( an in* ap>t2 take a piece ( malleable wire ( suffici5t size & draw x ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! sides ( ! ho(s1 draw+ !m firmly toge!r1 & twi/ ! ends ( ! wire toge!r2 ?is w hold !m 9 place4 ,b9d ! upp] edge ( ho(s ) piece ( clo?1 sew+ ?r\gh ! holes drill$ = t purpose4 ,/uff ea* ho( ) t[ or moss1 & /uff ) any goods to suit y\r fancy1 silk plu%1 velvet1 etc4 ,put ! fill+ 9 tight & let x come above ! level ( ho( to make ! cov] r\nd+1 !n drawn d[n tight4 ,draw ! edges ( ! cov] d[n & sew !m ) a /rong ?read to ! b9d+4 ,take a piece ( fancy cord or ribbon & tack x ar\nd ! edge ( ! cov] & y h a fancy p9 cu%ion4 ,to make a mat* safe or too?-pick case1 poli% ! ho(s1 wire toge!r1 & drill ! holes ar\nd ! edge z be=e2 !n take "s glue & spread x well ov] ! inside ( ea* ho(2 cut "s r$ flannel to fit ! inside & press x 9 ) y\r f+]s until x is all smoo?2 cut x (f at ! edge ( top ( ho(1 & b9d ! edges ) ribbon4 ,?is makes a v pretty mat* safe or too?-pick case4 ,all ho(s are poli%$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,%\ld ! ho(s n set level aft] !y are put toge!r1 take a co>se piece ( s&-pap] & tack or hold x on a level bo>d1 set ! bottom ( ! ho(s on x & rub r\nd & r\nd until !y d set level4 ,x w\ld be be/ to att5d to ?is z soon z !y are fa/5$ toge!r4 ,,article ,,xiii4 ,,acorns1 ,,tips ,,= ,,horns1 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration ,a nickel-plat$ acorn1 z %[n 9 ! accompany+ cut1 makes a v f9e f9i% on ! po9t ( a poli%$ horn4 ,b is a wire /em atta*$ to ! acorn1 & is int5d$ = fa/5+ x to ! horn4 ,!y are made z foll[s3 ,if made ( metal1 !y are ca/ on ! /em & !n turn$4 ,if brass1 !y are poli%$2 b if iron1 turn$ & !n bronz$1 pa9t$ or nickel-plat$4 ,if made ( horn1 fir/ put 9 ! /em & !n turn & poli% !m4 ,to put !m on ! horn1 saw (f ! po9t ( ! horn1 drill a hole 9 ! end ( same1 ! size ( ! /em1 put a little glue 9 ! hole & drive ! /em 9 tight4 ,! horn %\ld be poli%$ be=e putt+ ! knob on4 ,r\nd knobs are also v nice1 put on 9 ! same way4 ,?is way ( putt+ !m on is mu* bett] & easi] ?an ! old way ( screw+ !m on4 ,,article ,,xiv4 ,,receipts ,,= ,,v>i\s ,,prep>ations ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,pres]vation ,,& ,,sett+ ,,up ,,( ,,animals1 ,,f[ls1 ,,etc4 ,,solution ,,( ,,corrosive ,,sublimate4 ,corrosive sublimate #a teaspoonful ,alcohol p9t ,mix & let /& twelve h\rs1 & x is ready = use4 ,,ars5ical ,,soap4 ,ars5ic 9 p[d] #c p\nds ,salts ( t>t> #a p\nd ,camphor gum #f ounces ,cocoanut oil soap #a p\nds ,p[d]$ lime #e ounces ,cut ! soap up f9e & put x 9 a kettle conta9+ "o gallon ( s(t wat] & boil until ! soap is well dissolv$1 !n add ! lime1 salts ( t>t> & ars5ic1 /irr+ ! mixture ?or\ghly2 put ! gum camphor 9 a half p9t ( alcohol & place 9 a mort> & cru% x2 take ! kettle (f ! fire & add ! camphor2 mix well1 & :5 p>tly cool$ put x 9 fruit j>s & seal up4 ,x is n[ ready = use1 & great c>e %\ld be tak5 9 us+ x1 z x is a deadly poison4 ,,pres]v+ ,,p[d]4 ,ars5ic 9 p[d] #b p\nds ,alum 9 p[d] #a p\nd ,mix ?or\ghly & keep 9 a dry place4 ,?is is also v poison\s4 ,,c>bolic ,,acid4 ,! foll[+ solution ( c>bolic acid & wat] ,i h f\nd v good 9 pres]v+ sk9s1 bugs1 etc43 ,c>bolic acid ounce ,s(t wat] #b qu>ts ,turp5t9e is also a good pres]vative1 & is sometimes us$ 9 place ( corrosive sublimate4 ,,?+s ,,wor? ,,rememb]+4 ,nev] attempt to dress a bird :5 its fea!rs are brok5 or badly blood /a9$1 unless x is a r>e specim54 ,nev] dress a bird aft] ! fea!rs beg9 to slip4 ,nev] dress an animal aft] ! hair beg9s to slip4 ,nev] let a hide get dry be=e apply+ ! pres]v+ p[d]4 ,nev] /ret* a hide out ( %ape :ile tak+ x (f4 ,nev] =get to /op all w\nds & ! m\? & no/rils ) cotton z soon z y kill ! specim54 ,nev] let a specim5 get dry aft] /uff+ x be=e %ap+ & sett+ x up4 ,nev] inhale ! pres]v+ p[d]1 or get x 9 cuts or sores1 = x is a deadly poison4 ,nev] be afraid ( putt+ too mu* ( ! pres]v+ p[d] on a hide4 ,nev] be afraid ( *>g+ a good price = a well dress$ specim54 ,always use ! be/ mat]ial1 su* z eyes1 t[1 cotton1 wire1 etc4 ,always try to improve on ea* specim5 y dress t y may excel o!rs 9 ! art4 ,,tann+ ,,hides ,,) ,,hair ,,on4 ,v little has ev] be5 writt5 9 reg>d to tann+ sk9s ) ! hair on4 ,inde$ we may say !re is sc>cely any lit]ature on ! subject1 & ?is article mu/ necess>ily be v brief4 ,tann+ ) ! hair on is always some:at difficult1 b ( c\rse1 "s hides are m difficult to tan ?an o!rs4 ,z an av]age1 ,i w "h give directions = tann+ a dog hide4 ,! same process obta9s 9 ! tann+ ( o!r hides4 ,! only diff]5ce be+ 9 ! l5g? ( "t requir$ :i* mu/ be regulat$ to suit ea* case4 ,we w />t ) ! sk9 on ! dog's back1 & h5ce ! fir/ op]ation w be ! sk9n+ process4 ,to beg91 make an incision f middle ( "u lip back along ! m$ian l9e to ! tip ( ! tail4 ,!n make an incision f ! middle ( ea* foot along ! inn] side ( ! leg to ! m$ian l9e1 & proce$ to sk91 be+ c>eful n to cut holes 9 ! hide1 & at ! same "t to leave no fle% /ick+ to ! sk94 ,:5 sk9n+ ! head cut ! gri/le ( ! e> back close to ! skull & sep>ate ! sk9 z ne> out to ! po9t ( ! e> z possible4 ,unless ?is sk9 is sep>at$1 x is difficult to tan ! e>s )\t los+ ! hair1 especially 9 w>m wea!r4 ,be v c>eful n to cut ! eyelids2 sk9 on ov] ! nose & cut loose f ! body4 ,!n g ov] ! pelt & remove e p>ticle ( fle% :i* may h be5 left on ! sk91 & be especially c>eful ar\nd ! nose & m\?4 ,all ! bones ( ! feet %\ld be remov$ except ! bones ( ! toes4 ,next ba! ! nose1 e>s1 feet & tail ) ! pres]v+ fluids us$ 9 taxid]my4 ,if y h none ( ! fluid1 use pl5ty ( ars5ic & alum1 & !n /ret* ! hide on a floor ) ! hair side d[n & tack all ! p>ts s t !y w be /ret*$ p]fectly smoo?1 aft] :i* salt all ov] ?or\ghly4 ,let x rema9 until p]fectly dry1 & !n take a piece ( co>se s&-pap] & rub x d[n smoo? & cle> ( any rema9+ ve/ige ( fle%y p>ticles4 ,or in/ead ( ! prec$+ modus op]&i1 remove ! pelt f ! floor :5 ab\t dry1 & lay x on a fle%+ beam & ) a fle%+ knife scrape (f all rema9+ fle% & grease4 ,%\ld !re be grease t _c be remov$ ) fle%+ knife1 tack hide back on ! floor & spread ab\t ?ree gallons ( sawdu/ ov] x & rub ?or\ghly4 ,clean ! sk9 & cov] aga9 ) salt1 & :5 dry s&-pap] z direct$ above4 ,next place 9 w>m wat] to s(t5 x1 & :5 s(t wa% x ?or\ghly ) soap4 ,!n r9se & wr+ x1 & put x into ! foll[+ liquid :i* %\ld be conta9$ 9 a wood5 vessel4 ,! liquid consi/s ( "o gallon ( s(t w>m wat]1 "o-half ounce ( comm]cial sulphuric acid1 & "o-?ird ( a p\nd ( corn />*4 ,aft] comp\nd+1 ?is liquid %\ld be /irr$ ab\t t5 m9utes be=e ! sk9 is introduc$4 ,:5 ! pelt is put 91 x %\ld be press$ well "u1 & /irr$ ) a wood5 paddle = ?irty m9utes or until x beg9s to ?ick5 & turn a d>k r$di% color4 ,!n take x out & hang x up1 & let x dra9 ab\t ?irty m9utes1 aft] :i* put x into a weak lye made ei!r f wood a%es or f conc5trat$ lye :i* may be b\ght 9 any groc]y /ore2 /ra9 ! liquid be=e putt+ ! hide 94 ,/ir ! hide 9 ?is lye ab\t ?irty m9utes aga91 or until y are satisfi$ ! lye has _h "t to neutralize ! acid f ! prec$+ ba?4 ,! object ( ?is latt] ba? is to c\nt]act ! acid effect ( ! =m]4 ,take out ( ! lye & hang up & let x dra9 ab\t "o h\r1 & !n give x a ?or\gh wa%+ on a wa%-bo>d ) pl5ty ( soap & w>m wat]4 ,r9se p]fectly clean & aga9 hang up to dra94 ,:5 ! hair is ne>ly dry1 tack x aga9 on ! floor tak+ c>e to /ret* x into prop] %ape4 ,:5 p>tly dry take x up & rub & pull x until s(t1 :i* completes ! tann+4 ,we are !n ready to place ! skull 9 position4 ,aft] sk9n+ ! head1 remove ! bra9s & eyeballs1 & !n boil ! skull until all ! fle% c be scrap$ f ! bones4 ,! skull be+ ready1 fill ! eye sockets ) pla/] p>is made ) wat] into ! consi/5cy ( a pla/]1 & !n set 9 a pair ( suitable glass eyes1 be+ c>eful to s adju/ !m z to give !m ! appe>ance ( natural eyes4 ,! "u jaw %\ld be wir$ to ! upp]1 or b\nd securely to x by a small cord or wire4 ,saw ! skull & back corn]s ( "u jaw (f1 s t :5 ! saw$ surface is fa/5$ d[n flat on a bo>d1 ! nose w be some:at elevat$ f ! floor1 :ile ! back "p ( ! skull w lie on ! floor4 ,fa/5 ! skull to ! small bo>ds ) wire1 & !n /ret* ! sk9 ov] x4 ,soak only ! sk9 ( ! head 9 wat]1 & sew up ! m\? by draw+ ! l[] lips up "u ! upp] 9 ! natural way4 ,! sk9 %\ld be inside out :ile ! lips are be+ sew$4 ,if 9 ! process ( sk9n+ y h cut ! sk9 cle> out ?r\gh ! lip1 x mu/ be sew$ toge!r f> en\gh to inclose ! skull & ! "u bo>d1 :i* %\ld n ext5d m ?an two in*es back ( ! skull4 ,build out ! end ( ! nose ) pla/] p>is to make x natural %ape & draw ! sk9 ov] ! skull4 ,be v c>eful to h ! nose & eyes all "r4 ,tack ! sk9 to ! "u side ( ! bo>d :i* %\ld 9 wid? correspond to ! ?ickness ( ! dog's neck4 ,! edges ( ! neck sk9 %\ld be sutur$ toge!r "u ! bo>d & tack$ to x4 ,cut ! sk91 :i* is lapp$ "u1 foll[+ ! l9e ( back end ( bo>d out to ! side edges ( ! bo>d4 ,turn ?is flap out & sew ! und]ly+ end to ! upp] sk91 or to ! sk9 ( back ( neck1 & close to ! back end ( bo>d2 ?is br+s ! sk9 on a level ( "u side ( bo>d2 n[ r\nd (f ! turn$ out flap s z to con=m ) ! l9e ( ! neck & =e legs2 ! head w n[ ne$ "s /uff+ to r\nd x up 9 prop] %ape4 ,take "s cotton & put x 9 ?r\gh ! e>s ) a wire1 plac+ x :]e ne$$ to give ! head a prop] %ape2 arrange ! sk9 ar\nd ! eyes1 nose & m\?2 !n let dry be=e l9+4 ,put a good supply ( ! alcohol & corrosive sublimate on ! e>s1 nose & lips1 z soon z head is dress$4 ,n[ = ! l9+1 procure a suffici5t am\nt ( felt to l9e x1 say ( a d>k gre5 color2 !n get en\gh to make a /rip "o & a half in*es wide & long en\gh to g ar\nd ! edge ( hide2 ?is %\ld be an orange color4 ,take ?is /rip & p9k "o edge ( x1 !n ba/e ! l9+ on to sk9 lett+ ! edges ( x project ab\t two in*es out f edge ( hide4 ,n[ comb ! hair ar\nd ! edges ( hide back t[>ds ! c5t] ( same4 ,!n take ! p9k$ /rip & lay x on ! hair side ( sk91 ! smoo? edge along ! edge ( ! hide & ! p9k$ edge lay+ back on ! hair2 !n sew ! p9k$ /rip1 l9+ & hide toge!r1 runn+ close to ! edge ( hide4 ,n[ turn ! p9k$ /rip out on to ! project+ l9+ & sew ano!r seam ar\nd j out side ( ! hide1 ?us sew+ ! l9+ & ! p9k$ /rip toge!r4 ,n[ p9k ! out edge ( l9+ to suit y\r ta/e2 !n take "s y>n or zephyr & knot ! l9+ & hide toge!r1 ! same z 9 knott+ a com=t1 & ! job is complete4 ,to make a robe sew a numb] ( hides toge!r & l9e !m1 simply b9d+ ! edge ) a /raight /rip4 ,,to ,,s(t5 ,,hides4 ,:]e a hide has become h>d by gett+ wet1 or f "s o!r cause aft] tann+1 wet x on fle% side ) wat] & hang up4 ,:5 p>tly dry give x a ?or\gh rubb+4 ,if t fails to s(t5 x1 oil x ) ,neatsfoot oil & rub x 9 well4 ,,to ,,clean ,,rugs ,,& ,,furs4 ,:5 rugs & furs become dirty f use take h>dwood sawdu/1 damp5 x & rub well into hide4 ,%ake out & repeat until clean4 ,,to ,,kill ,,mo?s ,,9 ,,furs1 ,,etc4 ,spr9kle !m well ) ars5ic %ak+ x well d[n on hide4 ,tie up & lay away = a few days4 ,!n du/ all ! ars5ic out & clean ) ! sawdu/4 ,9 /uff$ birds use ! ars5ic alone1 b h&le x ) c>e = x is a deadly poison4 ,,extras4 ,a ,,family ,,l9im5t4 ,alcohol #a p9t ,gum ,camphor ounce ,aqua ammonia #c ounces ,oil ( ,sassafras ounce ,laudanum ounce ,mix4 ,wi%+ to use ! above = neuralgia or rheumatism1 add to ?ree ounces ( ! prep>ation #d gra9s m5?ol 79 cry/als74 ,,five ,,day ,,corn ,,or ,,w>t ,,cure4 ,cannabis #e gra9s ,salicylic ,acid #bi gra9s ,collodion ounce ,ca/] ,oil #aj drops ,directions3 ,mix ?or\ghly1 & be=e apply+ damp5 ! corn or w>t ) turp5t9e2 !n apply1 be+ c>eful n to get ! prep>ation on ! s\nd fle%4 ,repeat ?is e night be=e go+ to b$ = five successive nights4 ,n[ b9d a slice ( lemon on excresc5ce1 let x rema9 "o h\r1 & !n wa% & scrape (f corn or w>t4 ,y may ( c\rse repeat z (t5 z necess>y1 or until excresc5ce is entirely remov$4 ,,furniture ,,poli%4 ,turp5t9e p9t ,yell[ lubricat+ oil p9t ,muriatic acid #a ounce ,directions3 ,mix & let /& two days1 & !n apply ) a sponge aft] :i* ?or\ghly dry ) a wool5 clo?4 ,,:ite ,,cem5t4 ,be/ :ite glue p\nd ,s(t wat] #b p9ts ,directions3 ,mix & heat ov] a sl[ fire until dissolv$2 !n /ir 9 #d ounces dry :ite lead1 p9t alcohol1 & #a ounce aqua ammonia4 ,,index4 ,,pages4 ,b>b]s' ,it*1 #bc ,black ,heads1 #ba ,blea*+ = ! ,hair1 #bb ,brilliant9e1 #bj ,camphor ,ice1 #af ,engrav+ ,fluid1 #bj ,face ,:it5+s1 #bc-cb ,f\r ,face & ,h& ,creams1 #ab-ae ,glass ,hone1 #cj ,hair ,dyes1 #i-aj ,hair ,oils & ,pomades1 #be-bf ,m5?ol ,salve1 #ag ,mugs1 ,bru%es & ,soap1 #ca ,qu99e ,hair ,tonics & ,sea ,foam1 #aa-bj ,%ampoos1 #ag-ai ,%[]-,ba? & ,%ampoo ,c1 #cb ,sugge/ions to ,beg9n]s1 #ce ,to ,/op ,blood1 #bi ,t[els & ,hair ,clo?s1 #cc ,,taxid]my4 ,article ,i41 ,on ,sk9n+ & ,dress+ ,birds #dh ,article ,,ii41 ,on ,sk9n+ & ,dress+ ,animals #fc ,article ,,iii41 ,fi% ,dress+ #gb ,article ,,iv41 ,hunt+ ,specim5s & c>e ( same #gg ,article ,v4 & ,,vi41 ,wood & ,wire ,frames #gi-ha ,article ,,vii41 ,dress+ ,moles1 etc4 #hb ,article ,,viii41 ,dress+ ,turtles #hd ,article ,,ix41 ,kill+ & ,dress+ ,snakes #hi ,article ,x41 ,dress+ ,alligators #ib ,article ,,xi41 ,on ,mak+ ,foot/ools1 etc4 #id ,article ,,xii41 ,poli%+ ,horns1 etc4 #ajb ,article ,,xiii41 ,tips = ,horns1 etc4 #aac ,article ,,xiv41 ,recipes = ,pres]v+ ,prep>ations1 #aad ,tann+ ,hides1 etc4 #aag-abf ,extra ,=mulas #abg-abi ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors4 #b4 ,reta9$ ana*roni/ic & non-/&>d spell+s z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4