,,light%ips ,,& ,,ligh?\ses ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,siem5s ,bros4 ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,! #dc1jjj1jjj ,,c&le-,,p[] ,,beams ,,?r[n ,,f ,,! ,,heligol& ,,ligh?\se4 ,be+ project$ f a height ( #bgb feet above ! sea1 ! beacon has a range ( #bc miles1 & on a cle> night ! rays are se5 f ,bsun1 #ce miles away4 ,frontispiece4 ,,conque/s ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,light%ips ,,& ,,ligh?\ses ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,talbot ,,au?or ,,( 8,,mov+ ,,pictures10 8,,railway ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,_w10 8,,! ,,/eam%ip ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,_w10 ,,etc4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,philadelphia3 ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company ,,london3 ,,william ,,he9emann #aiac ,pr9t$ 9 ,engl&4 ,,preface ,romances innum]able h be5 wov5 ar\nd ! flam+ gu>dians ( ! coa/1 b x is d\btful :e!r any purely imag9ative "w is s fasc9at+ & absorb+ z ! pla9 unv>ni%$ n>rative ( h[ "s fam\s light%ip or ligh?\se has be5 br\ght into exi/5ce4 ,& ! /ory ( con/ruction is equall$ 9 e way by t relat+ to ! op]ation & ma9t5ance ( ! light1 aga9/ all odds1 = ! guidance ( ^? :o h bus9ess ^u ! ocean4 ,?is volume is n a hi/ory ( light%ips & ligh?\ses2 nei!r is x a te*nical treatise4 ,r my object has be5 to relate h[ ! difficulties1 peculi> & prodigi\s1 h be5 ov]come by ! build]s 9 _! ef=ts to m>k "s t]rible dang]-spots1 bo? on ! ma9l& & isolat$ sea-rocks4 ,:ile ! l9es ( ! light%ip & ligh?\se are famili> to all1 popul> k conc]n+ ! int]nal app>atus ( ! build+ or %ip is some:at hazy4 ,!re=e ,i h expla9$1 ) te*nicalities simplifi$ z mu* z possible1 ! equipm5t ( ! t[] & vessel1 & ! me?ods :]eby bo? visual & audible w>n+s are giv54 ,! v late/ developm5ts 9 ?is field ( eng9e]+ & sci5ce are incorporat$1 s z to r5d] ! subject z compreh5sive z possible )9 ! limits ( a s+le volume4 ,9 ! compilation ( ?is book ,i h receiv$ ! he>tie/ assi/ance f ^? :o are prom95tly associat$ ) ! "w ( provid+ adequate aids to navigation1 & am p>ticul>ly indebt$ to ! eng9e]s to ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,lights1 ,messrs4 ,d4 & ,c4 ,/ev5son2 ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,william ,p4 ,&]son1 ! ,eng9e]-9-,*ief to ! ,ligh?\se ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t2 ! v>i\s (ficials ( ! ,ligh?\se ,bo>d ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica2 ! ,eng9e]-9-,*ief to ! ,fr5* ,s]vice des ,ph>es2 ! ligh?\se au?orities ( ,new ,s\? ,wales & ,new ,zeal&2 ,mr4 ,gu/af ,daln & 8 assi/ants2 ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bro!rs & ,company1 ,limit$1 ( ,birm+ham2 ,messrs4 ,edmondsons1 ,limit$1 ( ,dubl92 ,samuel ,/ra91 ,esq41 ! ,director ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission1 ,belfa/2 ! ,sci5tific ,am]ican1 & ! ,syr5 & ,%ipp+1 etc4 ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,talbot4 ,june1 #aiac4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,ligh?\se #a ,,ii4 ,,build+ ,a ,,ligh?\se #aa ,,iii4 ,,! ,,light ,,& ,,illum9ants #bh ,,iv4 ,,fog-,,signals #eg ,v4 ,,! ,,eddy/one ,,ligh?\se #gb ,,vi4 ,,"s ,,fam\s ,,lights ,,( ,,engl& #ha ,,vii4 ,,! ,,bell ,,rock ,,& ,,sk]ryvore ,,lights #if ,,viii4 ,,! ,,lonely ,,lights ,,( ,,scotl& #ajh ,,ix4 ,,! ,,fa/net1 ,,! ,,outpo/ ,,( ,,europe #aba ,x4 ,,ligh?\ses ,,built ,,on ,,s& #acb ,,xi4 ,,"s ,,light ,,patrols ,,( ,,! ,,fr5* ,,coa/ #adh ,,xii4 ,,! ,,gu>dian ,,lights ,,( ,,canada',s ,,coa/ #afa ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,m9ot',s ,,l$ge ,,light #agf ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,tillamook ,,rock ,,light-,,/ation #ahc ,,xv4 ,,! ,,coa/ ,,lights ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates #aif ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,lamp-,,po/s ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,lakes ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica #bjh ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,p[]ful ,,electric ,,ligh?\ses ,,( ,,! ,,_w #bah ,,xviii4 ,,"s ,,ligh?\ses ,,9 ,,au/ralian ,,wat]s #bbi ,,xix4 ,,! ,,signpo/s ,,( ,,! ,,s&banks #bdj ,,xx4 ,a ,,flam+ ,,s5t9el ,,( ,,! ,,malacca ,,/raits #beg ,,xxi4 ,,unatt5d$ ,,ligh?\ses #bfg ,,xxii4 ,,float+ ,,ligh?\ses #bhd ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,light-,,keep] ,,& ,,8 ,,life #cja ,,index #cah ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,fac+ ,,page ,! #dc1jjj1jjj ,c&le-,p[] ,beams ?r[n f ! ,heligol& ,ligh?\se ,frontispiece ,h[ ! ,bea*y ,head ,ligh?\se 0 built #f ,workm5 return+ by ! ,a]ial ,cableway to ! ,top ( ,bea*y ,head #g ,! ,sanganeb ,reef ,ligh?\se 9 ! ,r$ ,sea #ad ,! ,alcatraz ,ligh?\se "u ,con/ruction #ae ,! ,alcatraz ,ligh?\se complet$ #ae ,! ,?imble ,%oals ,light #bb ,sett+ ! ,la/ ,/one ( ! ,bea*y ,head ,ligh?\se #bc ,! ,hyp]radial ,app>atus = ! ,manora ,po9t ,light1 ,k>a*i1 ,india #dh ,fir/ ,ord] ,triple ,fla%+ ,light ( #ibj ,millimetres ,focal ,di/ance = ,*ilang ,ligh?\se1 ,*9a #di ,look+ up ! ,lant]n ( ! ,ne$les ,ligh?\se #eb ,fix$ ,app>atus ( ! ,f\r? ,ord] = ,s>awak #ec ,a ,mod]n ,ligh?\se ,sir5 ,plant #eh ,! ,sir5s ( ! ,liz>d #ei ,! ,acetyl5e ,fog-,gun #fd ,! ,rattray ,head ,ligh?\se #fe ,sule ,sk]ry ,light #fe ,! ,eddy/one1 ! ,mo/ ,fam\s ,ligh?\se ( ,engl& #gf ,a ,?rill+ ,exp]i5ce #gg ,! 8,bi%op10 ! ,we/]n ,outpo/ ( ,engl& #hb ,! ,wolf ,rock ,ligh?\se #hc ,! ,long%ips ,light #hh ,! ,godrevy ,light1 ,scilly ,isl&s #hi ,! ,*ick5 ,rock ,ligh?\se1 (f ! ,isle ( ,man #ib ,h[ ! ,sk]ryvore is built #ic ,! ,sk]ryvore1 ,scotl&'s ,mo/ ,fam\s ,ligh?\se #ajb ,b>ra ,head ,ligh?\se1 ,scotl& #ajc ,! ,homes ( ! ,keep]s ( ! ,sk]ryvore & ,dhu-,he>ta* ,lights #ajc ,! ,dhu-,he>ta* ,ligh?\se #aaj ,! ,nor? ,un/1 ,brita9's mo/ ,nor!rly ,ligh?\se #aaa ,! ,nor? ,un/ ,light #aaf ,l&+ ,wat] at ! ,nor? ,un/ #aaf ,! ,flann5 ,isl&s ,light-,/ation #aag ,build+ ! ,fa/net ,rock ,ligh?\se #abb ,build+ ! ,fa/net ,t[] #abc ,erect+ ! ,fa/net ,lant]n #abc ,! ,fa/net1 ! ,outpo/ ( ,europe #abh ,! ,lant]n ( ! ,fa/net ,rock ,ligh?\se #abi ,! ,ro!rs& ,ligh?\se #acf ,! ,f\rte5-,foot ,bank ,ligh?\se1 built on ,s& #acg ,! ,heaux de ,brhat ,light #aej ,fitt+ ! ,lant]n ( ,la ,jum5t ,light #aea ,prep>+ ! ,f\ndations ( ! ,jum5t ,t[] #aed ,! ,jum5t ,light rec5tly erect$ (f ,u%ant #aee ,! ,cape ,race ,ligh?\se1 ,newf\ndl& #afb ,cann ,isl& ,ligh?\se1 on ! ,ea/ ,coa/ ( ,newf\ndl& #afc ,! ,light at ! ,s\!rn ,end ( ,belle ,ile #aff ,! ,nor? ,belle ,ile ,ligh?\se #afg ,a ,magnific5t ,canadian ,light on ! ,pacific ,coa/ #afh ,! ,we/ ,end ,gu>dian ( ,sable ,isl& #afh ,/4 ,esprit ,isl& ,light1 ,nova ,scotia #afi ,! ,gull ,isl& ,light1 ,newf\ndl& #afi ,! ,batiscan ,front ,range ,ligh?\se1 ,riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce #agj ,isle ,/4 ,?rse ,upp] ,range ,back ,ligh?\se1 ,riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce #agj ,upp] ,trav]se ,ligh?\se 9 ! ,riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce #aga ,an 8,ice ,%ove0 ^u ! ,back ,range ,light 9 ,lake ,/4 ,pet] #aga ,! ,m9ot's ,l$ge ,light #agh ,t5d] l&+ ,build+ ,mat]ial ^u ! ,tillamook ,rock #agi ,! ,tillamook ,rock ,light-,/ation f ! ,s\? #ahf ,! ,conque/ ( ! ,tillamook #ahg ,! ,t]rible ,tillamook ,rock #ahg ,fam\s ,unit$ ,/ates ,ligh?\ses ( ,two ,c5turies #aib ,! ,race ,rock ,light #aic ,! ,c>qu9ez ,/rait ,light #aih ,a ,*ur* z a ,ligh?\se #aii ,! ,bonita ,po9t ,ligh?\se (f ! ,cali=nian ,coa/ #bjb ,po9t ,p9os ,light-,/ation1 ,cali=nia #bjc ,! ,f>allon ,rock & ,light #bjd ,! ,f>allon ,ligh?\se (f ,san ,francisco #bjd ,! ,punta ,gorda ,light-,/ation1 ,cali=nia #bje ,a ,ligh?\se on ! ,great ,lakes 9 ! ,grip ( ,w9t] #baj ,build+ ! ,b>re ,b\l>d ,light 9 ! ,riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce #baa ,col*e/] ,reef ,ligh?\se1 ,lake ,erie #bad ,! ,late/ ,developm5t 9 ,ligh?\se ,eng9e]+ #bae ,! ,electric ,se>*lights ( ! ,heligol& ,ligh?\se #bbb ,! ,heligol& ,ligh?\se #bbc ,gre5 ,cape ,ligh?\se1 ,new ,s\? ,wales #bcb ,! ,s5t9el ( ,sug> ,loaf ,po9t1 ,new ,s\? ,wales #bcb 8,bung>ee ,norah0 ,/ation1 ,new ,s\? ,wales #bcb ,! ,cape ,byron ,ligh?\se1 ,new ,s\? ,wales #bcc ,! ,macqu>ie ,ligh?\se1 ,s\? ,head ( ,sydney ,h>b\r #bcc ,pa9t+ ! ,tr\bridge ,ligh?\se1 ,s\? ,au/ralia #bcd ,gre5 ,po9t ,ligh?\se1 ,natal #bce ,! ,pacific ,outpo/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica #bce ,! ,sev5 ,/ones ,light%ip #bdb ,! ,san ,francisco ,light%ip #bdc ,! ,nord]ney ,light%ip #bej ,! ,fire ,isl& ,light%ip1 ! ,atlantic ,outpo/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates #bea ,complet+ ! ,"o-,fa?om ,bank ,ligh?\se 9 ! ,malacca ,/raits #bfb ,! ,"o-,fa?om ,bank ,ligh?\se1 ,malacca ,/raits1 9 ,c\rse ( ,erection #bfc ,! ,platte ,f\gre ,ligh?\se "u ,con/ruction #bfh ,! ,platte ,f\gre ,ligh?\se #bfi ,sett+ ! ,compress$-,air ,res]voir at ,=t ,doyle #bgj ,! ,=t ,doyle ,sir5 #bga ,an ,unatt5d$ ,beacon ,light plac$ ^u a ,wild ,"p ( ! ,scotti% ,coa/ #bgb ,! ,gasfet5 ,light3 a ,lonely ,beacon 9 ,sw$i% ,wat]s #bgc ,! ,daln 8,sun-,valve10 ! ,mo/ ,wond]ful ,inv5tion ( ,mod]n ,ligh?\se ,eng9e]+ #bgd ,! ,gas ,accumulators ,employ$ ) ! ,daln ,automatic ,sy/em #bge ,! ,lag]holm5 ,ligh?\se #bgh ,an ,unatt5d$ ,beacon ,light 9 ! ,/raits ( ,magellan #bgi ,an ,automatic ,lightboat #bgi ,! ,wigham ,?irty-,"o ,day ,unatt5d$ ,petroleum ,light #bhj ,willson ,automatic ,gas & ,:i/l+ ,light (f ,egg ,isl&1 ,nova ,scotia #bha ,! 8,out] ,automatic0 ,comb9$ ,gas & ,:i/l+ ,light1 ,halifax1 ,nova ,scotia #bha ,! ,sv9bdan ,unatt5d$ ,light%ip 9 ,sw$i% ,wat]s #bib ,! ,kalkgrundet1 ,sw$5's ,late/ ,automatic ,light%ip #bic ,! ,lant]n us$ 9 ! ,wigham ,automatic ,petroleum ,beacon #bih ,! 8#f-;,b>0 ,float+ ,wigham ,light 9 ,portsm\? ,h>b\r #bii ,! ,pumps :]eby ! ,oil is lift$ f ! ,l[e/ ,floor to ! ,lant]n ,room #cjf ,comb9$ ,kit*5 & ,liv+-,room 9 ! ,ligh?\se #cjg ,keep] clean+ ! ,lamp aft] x has cool$ d[n #cab ,a ,ligh?\se ,b$room #cac ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,ligh?\se ,! m>9]1 9 pursuit ( 8 daily bus9ess1 is expos$ to dang]s innum]able4 ,9 mid-ocean1 = ! mo/ "p1 he ne$ n fe> !m p>ticul>ly1 because he has pl5ty ( sea-room 9 :i* to navigate 8 %ip1 & 9 case ( ?ick fog he c ease up until ?is dread$ enemy lifts or disp]ses4 ,b 9 cr[d$ coa/al wat]s 8 position is (t5 prec>i\s1 = he may be m5ac$ by lurk+ %oals or hidd5 reefs1 :i* betray little or no indication ( _! :]eab\ts1 & :i* may be cross$ ) app>5t safety4 ,if ! %ip blund]s on 9 ignorance1 x is br\ght up ) a ?ud z x buries its nose 9 ! suck+ s&1 or gives a mighty %iv] z x scrapes ov] ! rocky tee?1 p]haps to be clasp$ z 9 a vice1 or to be batt]$ & brok5 s fe>fully t1 :5 at la/ x te>s itself free & slips (f into deep wat]1 x c only f\nd] imm$iately4 ,"h1 if fog blots out ! sc5e1 ! %ip is 9 dang] ( be+ lur$ to c]ta9 de/ruction by curr5ts & o!r natural =ces1 s9ce ! capta9 is condemn$ to a helplessness z complete z ( a bl9d man 9 a busy /reet4 ,x is n surpris+1 !n1 t ! capta91 z he approa*es or w&]s along a tortu\s %orel9e1 scans ! wat]s eag]ly = a glimpse ( ! gu>dian monitor1 :i*1 z he kn[s f 8 reckon+s & *>t1 %\ld come )9 sight to guide him on 8 way4 ,! dang]-signal may be "o ( _m k9ds--a mi/y1 />-l glimm] ?r[n f a buoy danc+ on ! waves1 ! radiant orb f a light%ip bobb+ up & d[n & sw++ rhy?mically to & fro1 a fix$ fl>e-light1 or dazzl+1 spoke-l rays revolv+ across ! sky4 ,if sight be impossible ow+ to fog1 he mu/ dep5d ^u 8 e> = ! measur$ toll+ ( a bell1 ! %riek ( a :i/le1 ! deep bl>e ( a sir51 or ! %>p report ( an explosive4 ,:5 he has pick$ up "o or o!r ( ^! w>n+s1 he feels m at ease1 & proce$s ^u 8 way1 eyes & e>s ke5ly /ra9$ = w>n+ ( ! next dang] ahead4 ,! ligh?\se is ! greate/ bless+ t has be5 be/[$ ^u navigation4 ,x r5d]s advance ?r\gh ! wat]s at night z safe & z simple z 9 ! brilliancy ( ! midday sun4 ,b = ^! beacons ! safe movem5t ( %ips at night or dur+ fog along ! cr[d$ /eam%ip highways :i* surr\nd ! s]rat$ %ores ( ! five cont95ts w\ld be impossible4 ,x is only natural1 !re=e1 t ! v>i\s nations ( ! _w %\ld /r5u\sly endeav\r to light _! coa/s s adequately t ! %ip may proce$ at night z safely & z com=tably z a man may walk d[n an illum9at$ city ?or\ghf>e4 ,:5ce came ! idea ( light+ ! coa/l9e ) fl>+ beacons8 ,x is impossible to say4 ,!y h be5 h&$ d[n to mod]n civilization ?r\gh ! mi/s ( "t4 ,! fir/ au!ntic ligh?\se 0 ,sigeum1 on ! ,hellespont1 :i* und\bt$ly ant$ates ! fam\s ,ph>os ( ,alex&ria4 ,! latt] 0 a massive squ>e t[]1 #djj feet high1 & 0 kn[n z "o ( ! ,sev5 ,wond]s ( ! ,_w4 ,x 0 built ab\t #cca ,b4,c4 ,! w>n+ light 0 emitt$ f a huge wood fire1 :i* 0 kept burn+ at ! summit cont9u\sly dur+ ! night2 ! illum9ation is /at$ to h be5 visible = a di/ance ( =ty miles1 b mod]n k disputes ?is range4 ,! precise design ( ?is wond]ful t[] is unkn[n1 b x mu/ h be5 a huge /ructure1 inasmu* z x is comput$ to h co/ ! equival5t 9 mod]n money ( ov] #bjj1jjj1 or #a1jjj1jjj4 ,= sixte5 hundr$ ye>s x guid$ ! navigators among ! wat]s f :i* x re>$ its smok+ cre/1 & !n x disappe>$4 ,h[1 no "o kn[s1 al?\gh x is surmis$ t x 0 raz$ by an e>?quake2 b1 al?\gh x 0 swept f sight1 its memory has be5 pres]v$1 & ! ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani% nations use its "n 9 connection ) ! ligh?\se1 :i* 9 ,france is call$ ph>e2 9 ! o!r two c\ntries m5tion$1 f>o4 ,! ,romans 9 _! conque/ ( ,gaul & ,brita9 br\ght ! ligh?\se ) !m1 & sev]al rema9s ( _! ef=ts 9 ?is direction are to be f\nd 9 ,engl&1 notably ! ph>os at ,dov]4 ,9 all probability1 h[ev]1 ! ligh?\se 9 its mo/ primitive =m is at lea/ z old z ! e>lie/ books ( ! ,bible4 ,und\bt$ly x sprang f ! practice ( guid+ ! incom+ boatman to 8 home by means ( a blaz+ bonfire set up 9 a conspicu\s position ne> by4 ,su* a guide is a p]fectly obvi\s device1 :i* ev5 to-day is practis$ by c]ta9 savage tribes4 ,:5 ! ,phnicians trad$ 9 t9 ) ! anci5t ,britons ( ,cornwall1 _! boats cont9ually trav]s$ ! r\gh wat]s wa%+ ! we/]n coa/s ( ,spa91 :]e1 = ! saf] passage ( _! sailors1 d\btless1 !y erect$ beacons ^u prom95t headl&s4 ,! olde/ ligh?\se 9 ! _w to-day1 :i* 9 "s qu>t]s is held to be ( ,phnician orig91 is t at ,corunna1 a few miles nor? ( ,cape ,f9i/]re4 ,o!r au?orities ma9ta9 t x 0 built dur+ ! reign ( ! ,roman ,emp]or ,trajan4 ,9 #afcd x 0 recon/ruct$1 & is /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,at ! m\? ( ! ,gironde is ano!r highly int]e/+ l9k ) pa/ ef=ts & triumphs 9 ligh?\se eng9e]+4 ,! ,gironde ,riv] empties itself into ! ,bay ( ,biscay ?r\gh a wide e/u>y1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* is a bun* ( rocks (f]+ a t]rible m5ace to vessels4 ,?is situation a*iev$ an un5viable reputation 9 ! days :5 %ips fir/ v5tur$ out to sea4 ,be+ expos$ to ! broad ,atlantic1 x receives ! full =ce ( ! gales :i* rage 9 ! ,bay ( ,biscay1 & :i* make ( ! ,gironde ,riv] e/u>y a fe>ful trap4 ,! trad+ t[n ( ,bordeaux suff]$ sev]ely f ! ill fame atta*$ to ! m\? ( ! wat]way ^u :i* x 0 dep5d5t1 = bo? ! sea & ! roads exact$ a heavy toll among ! %ips :i* trad$ ) ! fam\s w9e capital ( ,gascony4 ,h[ _m f9e vessels /ruck ! rocks ( ,cord\an & w5t to pieces )9 sight ( l&1 hi/ory does n record1 b ! casualties became s num]\s t at la/ ! firms trad+ ) ,bordeaux refus$ to v5ture into ! ,gironde unless a light 7 plac$ on ! reef to guide _! capta9s4 ,al>m$ at ! prospect ( los+ _! remun]ative traffic1 ! citiz5s ( ,bordeaux built a t[] ^u ! deadly reef1 ) a beacon :i* !y kept /ok$ ) wood1 f\r m5 be+ res]v$ = its s]vice4 ,9 return ! au?orities exact$ a tax f ea* vessel arriv+ & leav+ ! port1 9 ord] to defray ! exp5se ?us incurr$4 ,probably f ?is action orig9at$ ! cu/om ( ligh?\se dues4 ,?is bonfire s]v$ its purposes until ! ,black ,pr9ce br\ght ,gascony "u 8 p[]4 ,he demoli%$ ! primitive beacon1 & erect$ 9 its place ano!r t[]1 #dj feet high1 on :i* ! *auff] 0 plac$1 a h]mit be+ entru/$ ) ! ma9t5ance ( ! light at night4 ,ne> ! ligh?\se--if su* x c be call$--a *apel 0 built1 ar\nd :i* a few fi%]m5 erect$ _! dwell+s4 ,:5 ! h]mit di$1 no "o (f]$ to take 8 place4 ,! beacon w5t unt5d$1 ! fi%]m5 dep>t$1 & ! reef once m 0 all[$ to claim its victims f %ipp+ v5tur+ into ! e/u>y4 ,9 #aehd an em95t ,fr5* ar*itect1 ,l\is de ,foix1 secur$ ! requisite concession to build a new /ructure4 ,he evolv$ ! fanta/ic idea ( a s+le build+ :i* %\ld comprise a beacon1 a *ur* & a royal resid5ce 9 "o4 ,= ne>ly tw5ty-sev5 ye>s he lab\r$ ^u ! rock1 expos$ to ! elem5ts1 be=e he 7or r 8 successor7 0 able to ?r[ ! welcome w>n+ rays f ! summit ( 8 creation4 ,?is 0 c]ta9ly ! mo/ rem>kable ligh?\se t has ev] be5 set up4 ,x 0 ri*ly decorat$ & arti/ically embelli%$1 & ! t[] 0 9 reality a s]ies ( gall]ies ris+ ti] ^u ti]4 ,at ! base 0 a circul> /one plat=m1 #acd feet 9 diamet]1 flank$ by an elegant p>apet surr\nd+ ! light-keep]s' abode4 ,?is l[] /ructure 0 int5d$ to =m a k9d ( breakwat] :i* %\ld protect ! ma9 build+ f ! =ce ( ! waves4 ,on ! fir/ floor 0 a magnific5t entrance hall1 lead+ to ! ,k+'s ap>tm5t1 a salon f9ely decorat$ ) pill>s & mural sculptures4 ,above 0 a beautiful *apel ) a l(ty ro( support$ by c>v$ ,cor9?ian columns4 ,f9ally came ! beacon1 :i* at t date 0 ab\t #ajj feet above ! sea-level4 ,access to ! successive floors 0 provid$ by a beautiful spiral /aircase1 ! newels ( :i* 7 flank$ by bu/s ( ! two ,fr5* ,k+s1 ,h5ry ,,iii4 & ,h5ry ,,iv41 & ( ! design] de ,foix4 ,! ar*itect di$ n long be=e 8 "w 0 complet$1 b ! directions he left beh9d him 7 s explicit t no difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 consummat+ 8 ideas1 & ! ,t\r de ,cord\an %$ its b5eficial light = ! fir/ "t ov] ! wat]s ( ! ,bay ( ,biscay 9 #afaa4 ,s /rongly 0 ! build+ f\nd$ t x has defi$ ! attacks ( ,nature to ?is day1 al?\gh x did n escape ^? ( ! v&als ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 :o p5etrat$ ! t[]1 :]e ! bu/s ( ! two ,h5rys at once excit$ _! passion4 ,! symbols ( mon>*y 7 promptly hurl$ to ! floor1 & o!r damage 0 inflict$4 ,:5 ord] 0 re/or$1 ! bu/s 7 replac$1 & all ! c>v+s :i* _h suff]$ mutilation f mob law 7 re/or$4 ,at ! same "t1 9 accordance ) ! _s ( progress1 ! t[] 0 modifi$ to br+ x into l9e ) mod]n light+ pr9ciples2 x 0 ext5d$ to a height ( #aig feet1 & 0 cr[n$ ) an up-to-date light1 visible tw5ty-sev5 miles out to sea4 ,= m ?an ?ree c5turies x has fulfill$ its design$ purpose1 & /ill ranks z ! mo/ magnific5t ligh?\se t ev] has be5 built4 ,its co/ is n record$1 b x mu/ necess>ily h be5 enorm\s4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 ! seaf>]'s w>n+ light foll[$ ! l9es ( ^? 9 vogue ^u ! old] "p ( ! ,cont95t1 consi/+ *iefly ( wood & coal fires m\nt$ on conspicu\s l(ty po9ts ar\nd ! coa/4 ,^! brazi]s 7 ma9ta9$ bo? by public & by private ent]prise4 ,pat5ts 7 grant$ to c]ta9 individuals = ! upkeep ( beacons 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&1 & f "t to "t ! hold]s ( ^! rights came into conflict ) ! public au?ority :i* 0 creat$ subsequ5tly = ! ma9t5ance ( v>i\s aids to navigation ar\nd ! coa/s4 ,9 ,engl& ^! monopolies 7 n ext+ui%$ until #ahcf1 :5 ! ,bre?r5 ( ,tr9ity ,h\se 7 emp[]$1 by special ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 to pur*ase ! lights :i* _h be5 provid$ bo? by ! ,cr[n & by private int]e/s1 s z to br+ ! control "u "o corporation4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,bullivant ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,bea*y ,,head ,,ligh?\se ,,0 ,,built4 ,to facilitate erection a cableway 0 /ret*$ betwe5 ! top ( ,bea*y ,head & a /ag+ plac$ beside ! site ( ! t[] 9 ! wat]4 ,a /one is be+ s5t d[n4 ,! *auff]1 h[ev]1 0 an unsatisfactory z well z an exp5sive type ( beacon4 ,"s ( ^! grates consum$ z _m z #djj tons ( coal p] annum--m ?an a ton ( coal p] night--9 addition to va/ quantities ( wood4 ,be+ completely expos$1 !y 7 subject to ! caprices ( ! w9d4 ,:5 a gale blew (f ! l&1 ! light on ! sea side 0 ( great relative brilliancy2 b :5 (f ! wat]1 ! side ( ! fire fac+ ! sea w\ld be q black1 :]eas on ! l&w>d side ! fire b>s 7 almo/ melt+ "u ! fi]ce heat g5]at$ by ! int5se draughts4 ,?is 0 ! great] drawback1 because x 01 ( c\rse1 precisely :5 ! w9d 0 mak+ a lee %ore bel[ ! beacon t ! m brilliant light 0 requir$4 ,:5 ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs made _! hi/oric trek to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !y took ,old ,_w ideas ) !m4 ,! fir/ light provid$ on ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t 0 at ,po9t ,all]ton1 ! mo/ prom95t headl& ne> ! entrance to ,bo/on ,h>b\r1 :]e #djj boatloads ( /one 7 devot$ to ! erection ( a t[] capp$ ) a l>ge basket ( iron 9 :i* 8fi]-bales ( pit* & ocum0 7 burn$4 ,?is beacon s]v$ ! purpose ( guid+ navigators into & out ( ,bo/on ,h>b\r = sev]al ye>s4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! %ortcom+s ( ! expos$ fire 7 realiz$1 attempts 7 made to evolve a light+ sy/em1 :i* does 9 reality con/itute ! f\ndation ( mod]n practice4 ,b ! beacon fire held its own = _m ye>s aft] ! new pr9ciple came into vogue1 ! la/ coal fire 9 ,engl& be+ ! ,flat ,holme ,light1 9 ! ,bri/ol ,*annel1 :i* 0 n sup]s$$ until #ahbb4 ,9 ,scotl& ! coal fire surviv$ until #ahaf1 "o ( ! mo/ important ( ^! beacons be+ t on ! ,isle ( ,may1 9 ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 :i* fulfill$ its function = #aha ye>s4 ,?is 0 a l(ty t[]1 erect$ 9 #afcf1 on :i* a primitive type ( pulley 0 in/all$ = ! purpose ( rais+ ! fuel to ! level ( ! brazi]1 :ile ?ree m5 7 deput$ to ! task ( /ok+ ! fire4 ,x 0 "o ( ! private erections1 & ! own] ( ! ,isle ( ,may1 ! ,duke ( ,portl&1 9 return = ma9ta9+ ! light1 0 all[$ to exact a toll f pass+ vessels4 ,:5 ! welf>e ( ! ,scotti% aids to navigation 0 plac$ "u ! control ( ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses1 ?is body1 realiz+ ! importance ( ! position1 wi%$ to erect ^u ! isl& a comm&+ ligh?\se illum9at$ ) oil lamps2 b x 0 necess>y fir/ to buy out ! own]'s rights1 & an ,act ( ,p>liam5t 0 pass$ au?oriz+ ?is action1 toge!r ) ! pur*ase ( ! isl& & ! "r to levy tolls1 at an exp5diture ( #fj1jjj1 or #cjj1jjj4 ,9 #ahaf ! coal fire 0 f9ally ext+ui%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,bullivant ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,workm5 ,,return+ ,,by ,,! ,,a]ial ,,cableway ,,to ,,! ,,top ,,( ,,bea*y ,,head4 ,! ,engli% lights are ma9ta9$ by ! ,bre?r5 ( ,tr9ity ,h\se1 & _! co/ is defray$ by pass+ %ipp+4 ,?is corporation receiv$ its fir/ *>t] dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,tr9ity ,h\se1 z x is call$ colloquially1 also possesses c]ta9 p[]s ov] ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,lights & ! ,commission]s ( ,iri% ,lights1 & is itself "u ! sway1 9 reg>d to c]ta9 p[]s1 su* z ! levy ( light dues1 ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade4 ,?is sy/em ( compell+ %ip[n]s to ma9ta9 ! coa/ lights is some:at anomal\s2 x possesses _m drawbacks1 & has provok$ qua9t situations at times4 ,?us1 :5 ! ,mohegan & ! ,p>is 7 wreck$ on ! ,manacles )9 ! space ( a few mon?s1 ! outcry = bett] light+ ( ?is "p ( ! ,devon & ,corni% coa/s 0 l\d & bitt]4 ,! %ip[n]s clam\r$ = m protection1 b at ! same "t1 kn[+ t !y w\ld h to foot ! bill1 ma9ta9$ t fur!r light+ 0 unnecess>y4 ,! ,briti% ,isles might v well emulate ! example ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,france1 ,canada1 & o!r c\ntries1 :i* reg>d coa/ light+ z a "w ( humanity1 = ! b5efit ( "o & all1 & s defray ! co/ out ( ! ,gov]nm5t rev5ues4 ,"s ye>s ago1 :5 an ,int]national ,conf]5ce 0 held to discuss ?is "q1 "s ( ! repres5tatives sugge/$ t ^? nations :i* give _! ligh?\se s]vices free to ! _w %\ld di/+ui% aga9/ ,briti% %ipp+1 & levy light-dues ^u ,briti% %ips1 ) a view to compell+ ! abolition ( ! tax ^u =eign vessels visit+ ,briti% ports4 ,=tunately1 ! ?reat 0 n c>ri$ into execution4 ,! design & con/ruction ( ligh?\ses h develop$ into a highly specializ$ bran* ( eng9e]+4 ,among ! _m illu/ri\s names associat$ ) ?is phase ( ent]prise--de ,foix1 ,rudy]d1 ,smeaton1 ,walk]1 ,d\glass1 ,alex&]1 & ,ribire--! ,/ev5son family /&s pre-em95t4 ,ev] s9ce ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,scotti% coa/ lights 0 h&$ ov] to ! ,nor!rn ,commission]s1 ! eng9e]+ *air has rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( ?is family1 ! names ( ^: memb]s are id5tifi$ ) _m lights t h become fam\s ?r\gh\t ! _w = _! d>+ nature1 design1 & con/ruction4 ,moreov]1 ! family's contributions to ! sci5ce ( ?is privileg$ craft h be5 ( incalculable value4 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son has writt5 a fasc9at+ /ory ar\nd _! exploits 9 8,a ,family ( ,eng9e]s40 ,x 0 at fir/ int5d$ t ! great au?or himself %\ld foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 =be>s4 ,he complet$ 8 appr5tice%ip at ! draw+-table "u 8 fa!r & uncle1 & became initiat$ into ! my/]ies ( ! craft4 ,at ! outset he app>5tly _h visions ( becom+ numb]$ among ^? ( 8 family :o _h a*iev$ em95ce 9 ligh?\se con/ruction1 & he (t5 accompani$ 8 fa!r or uncle on _! p]iodical r\nds ( inspection4 ,probably ! r\gh & tumble life 9 a small t5d] among ! wild seas ( ,scotl&1 ! excitem5t ( l&+ ^u dang]\s rocks1 ! aspect ( lonel9ess reveal$ by acqua9tance ) ! keep]s1 & ! foll[+ ( ! gr[? ( a new t[] f its f\ndations1 /irr$ 8 imag9ation1 s t ! dormant lit]>y in/9ct1 :i*1 l t ( eng9e]+1 he _h inh]it$1 became fir$4 ,ma!matical =mul1 figures1 & draw+s1 wre/l$ = a "t ) imag9ation & lett]s1 b ! call ( ! lit]>y h]itage prov$ triumphant1 &1 unlike 8 gr&fa!r1 :o comb9$ lit]ature ) ligh?\se con/ruction1 & :o1 inde$1 0 a poli%$ au?or1 z 8 /irr+ /ory ( ! 8,bell ,rock ,ligh?\se0 conclusively %[s1 he f9ally ?rew 9 8 lot ) lett]s4 ,! fact t = m ?an a c5tury "o family has held ! exact+ position ( *ief eng9e] to ! ,nor!rn ,commission]s1 & has be5 responsible = ! lights ar\nd ,scotl&'s tr\bl\s coa/s1 is unique 9 ! annals ( eng9e]+4 ,ea* g5]ation has be5 id5tifi$ ) "s notable ent]prise 9 ?is field4 ,?omas ,smi?1 ! fa!r-9-law ( ,rob]t ,/ev5son1 f\nd$ ! s]vice1 & 0 ! fir/ eng9e] to ! ,commission]s4 ,rob]t ,/ev5son assum$ 8 mantle & produc$ ! 8,bell ,rock40 ,8 son1 ,alan ,/ev5son1 0 ! creator ( ! 8,sk]ryvore40 ,! next 9 ! *a91 ,david ,/ev5son1 built ! 8,nor? ,un/40 ,david & ,?omas ,/ev5son1 :o foll[$1 contribut$ ! 8,dhu-,he>ta*0 & ! 8,*ick5 ,rock0 lights2 :ile ! pres5t g5]ation1 ,david & ,*>les1 h erect$ su* works z 8,rattray ,briggs10 8,sule ,sk]ry10 & ! ,flann5 ,isl&s ligh?\ses4 ,9 addition1 ! latt] h develop$ ligh?\se eng9e]+ 9 _m novel directions1 su* z ! unatt5d$ ,ott] ,rock light%ip1 ! unatt5d$ ,gu]nsey ligh?\se1 & ! automatic1 acetyl5e1 fog-signal gun1 :i* are describ$ else:]e 9 ?is volume4 ,"s =ty ye>s ago ! ,/ev5sons also drew up ! s*eme & design$ ! fir/ ligh?\ses = gu>d+ ! coa/s ( ,japan4 ,! ess5tial optical app>atus & o!r fitt+s 7 built & tempor>ily erect$ 9 ,engl&1 !n dismantl$ & %ipp$ to ! ,ea/1 to be set up 9 _! design$ places4 ,! ,japanese did n fail to manife/ _! *>act]i/ic trait 9 connection ) ligh?\ses z ) o!r bran*es ( eng9e]+4 ,! /ructures produc$ by ! ,scotti% eng9e]s fulfill$ ! requirem5ts s p]fectly1 & 7 su* excell5t models1 z to be consid]$ a fir/-class f\ndation = ! ,japanese ligh?\se s]vice4 ,! native eng9e]s took ^! lights z _! patt]n1 &1 unaid$1 ext5d$ _! coa/ light+ sy/em ^u ! l9es laid d[n by ! ,/ev5sons4 ,s9ce t date ,japan has nev] gone outside h] own bord]s = assi/ance 9 ligh?\se eng9e]+4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,build+ ,a ,,ligh?\se ,obvi\sly1 ! task ( erect+ a ligh?\se v>ies consid]ably ) ! situation4 ,on ! ma9l& con/ruction is /raight=w>d1 & (f]s little m difficulty ?an ! build+ ( a h\se4 ,! "w assumes its mo/ romantic & fasc9at+ =m :5 x is associat$ ) a small rocky islet out to sea1 su* z ! ,eddy/one1 ,sk]ryvore1 or ,m9ot's ,l$ge2 or ) a trea*]\s1 expos$ /ret* ( s&1 su* z t ^u :i* ! ,ro!rs& light is rais$4 ,"u su* conditions ! op]ation is truly h]culean1 & ! +5uity & res\rce ( ! eng9e] are tax$ to a sup]lative degree2 !n he is pitt$ aga9/ ,nature 9 h] mo/ awful guise4 ,w9d & wave1 moreov]1 are su* =midable & rel5tless antagoni/s t = ! mo/ mom5t>y failure ( vigilance & c>e ! full p5alty is exact$4 ,!n !re are ! fi]cely scurry+ curr5ts1 tides1 break]s1 & surf1 aga9/ :i* battle mu/ be wag$1 ) ! odds s ov]:elm+ly rang$ aga9/ frail human endeav\r t advance c only be made by in*es4 ,! ligh?\se eng9e] mu/ possess ! pati5ce ( a ,job1 ! t5acity ( a limpet1 a det]m9ation :i* _c be measur$1 & a p]sev]ance :i* defies gall+ delays & repeat$ rebuffs4 ,p]ils ( an extreme "* beset him on e h&2 ?rill+ escape & s5sational incid5t are insep>able f 8 call+4 ,! fir/ /ep is ! survey ( ! site1 ! det]m9ation ( ! "* ( ! rock & ( its g5]al configuration1 & ! tak+s ( levels & measurem5ts = ! f\ndations4 ,:5 ! rugg$ hump is only a few feet 9 diamet] little latitude is af=d$ ! eng9e] = selection1 b 9 in/ances :]e ! islet is ( appreciable area "s little "t may be occupi$ 9 decid+ j :]e ! /ructure %all be plac$4 ,x seems a simple en\gh task to det]m9e2 "o capable ( solution )9 a few m9utes1 & s = ! mo/ "p x is--n f *oice1 b necessity--:5 once ! surface ( ! rock is ga9$4 ,! p>am\nt difficulty is to secure a l&+ ^u ! site4 ,! islet is c]ta9 to be ! c5tre ( madly surg+ curr5ts1 eddies1 & surf1 dem&+ w>y approa* 9 a small boat1 :ile ! se>* = a suitable po9t ^u :i* to plant a foot is inv>iably p]plex+4 ,someh[1 ! majority ( ^! bleak1 wave-swept rocks h only "o little place :]e a l&+ may be made1 & t only at c]ta9 infrequ5t p]iods1 ! discov]y ( :i* 9 ! fir/ in/ance (t5 taxes ! eng9e] sorely4 ,(t5 weeks w be exp5d$ 9 reconnoitr+ ! position1 await+ a fav\rable w9d & a placid sea4 ,"t to ! surveyor mu/ be no object4 ,he is ! sport ( ! elem5ts1 & he mu/ curb 8 impati5ce4 ,to d o!rwise is to c\rt disa/]4 ,! actual op]ations on ! rock may only occupy tw5ty m9utes or s1 b ! task ( l&+ is equall$ by t ( gett+ (f aga9--! latt] frequ5tly a m haz>d\s job ?an ! =m]4 ,! we/ coa/ ( ,scotl& is dread$1 if su* a t]m may be us$1 by ! eng9e]1 because ! survey inevitably is associat$ ) bitt] disappo9tm5ts & madd5+ delays ow+ to ! caprices ( ! ocean4 ,?is is n surpris+ :5 x is rememb]$ t ?is coa/l9e is ( a cruel1 =bidd+ "* & is expos$ to ! full rea* ( ! ,atlantic1 ) its puzzl+ swell & vici\s curr5ts4 ,! same applies to ! we/ coa/ ( ,irel& & ! op5 p>ts ( ! ,s\? ( ,engl&4 ,! ,casquets1 (f ! coa/ ( ,ald]ney1 are p>ticul>ly difficult ( approa*1 z !y are wa%$ on all sides by wild races ( wat]4 ,!re is only "o little cove :]e a l&+ may be effect$ by /epp+ directly f a boat1 & ?is place c be approa*$ only 9 ! calme/ wea!r & :5 ! w9d is bl[+ 9 a c]ta9 direction4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 ,i _h receiv$ p]mission to visit ! ligh?\se1 ,i fritt]$ away ?ree weeks 9 ,ald]ney await+ a fav\rable opportunity to g out1 & !n gave up ! attempt 9 disgu/4 ,z x happ5$1 ano!r mon? elaps$ be=e ! rock 0 approa*able to make ! relief4 ,:5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ligh?\se ,bo>d sanction$ ! con/ruction ( ! ,tillamook ligh?\se on ! rock ( t "n1 (f ! ,oregon coa/1 ! eng9e] 9 *>ge ( ! survey 0 compell$ to wait six mon?s be=e he c\ld v5ture to approa* ! isl&4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 h[ev]1 8 "t 0 n wa/$ entirely1 z !re 7 _m prep>ations to be complet$ on ! ma9l& to facilitate con/ruction :5 x %\ld be comm5c$4 ,e>ly 9 ,june1 #ahgi1 ! wea!r mod]at$1 & ! ,pacific assum$ an aspect 9 keep+ ) its "n4 ,/imulat$ by ! prospect ( c>ry+ out 8 appo9t$ task1 ! eng9e] pu%$ (f 9 a boat1 b1 to 8 *agr91 :5 he drew ne> ! rock he f\nd ! prospects ( l&+ to be hopeless4 ,he cruis$ ab\t1 reconnoitr+ g5]ally f ! wat]1 & !n return$ to %ore some:at disgu/$4 ,a =tnight lat] he 0 in/ruct$ to take up 8 position at ,a/oria1 to keep a %>p eye on ! wea!r1 to take ! fir/ *ance t pres5t$ itself ( ga9+ ! rock1 & n to return to headqu>t]s until he _h made a l&+4 ,he frett$ & fum$ day aft] day1 & at la/ pu%$ (f ) a gang ( m5 :5 ! sea :]e x lapp$ ! bea* ( ! ma9l& 0 z smoo? z a lake2 b z !y drew ne> ! ,tillamook x 0 ! same old /ory4 ,a trea*]\s swell 0 runn+1 ! waves 7 curl+ wick$ly & fussily ar\nd ! islet2 b ! eng9e] _h made up 8 m9d t he w\ld be balk$ no long]1 s ! boat 0 pull$ 9 w>ily1 9 ! face ( t]rible risk1 & two sailors 7 ord]$ to get a%ore by hook or by crook4 ,! boat swung to & fro 9 ! swell4 ,"t aft] "t x 0 c>ri$ =w>d to ! l&+ spot by a wave1 & !n1 j z ! m5 7 ready to jump1 ! rec$+ wat]s w\ld ?r[ x back4 ,at la/1 z x swung by ! spot1 ! two m5 gave a leap & l&$ safely4 ,! next proce$+ 0 to pass in/rum5ts a%ore1 b ! swell1 z if inc5s$ at ! p>tial success a*iev$1 grew m boi/]\s1 & ! boat _h to back away f ! rock4 ,! m5 :o _h l&$1 & :o _h n mov$ a y>d f ! spot !y _h ga9$1 became fright5$ at ?is manuvre1 &1 fe>+ t !y might be m>oon$1 jump$ into ! sea1 & 7 pull$ into ! boat by means ( _! life-l9es1 )\t hav+ accompli%$ a /roke4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,! ,,sanganeb ,,reef ,,ligh?\se ,,9 ,,! ,,r$ ,,sea4 ,x indicates a trea*]\s coral reef1 #gjc miles f ,suez4 ,x is an iron t[] #ahj feet high1 ) a :ite fla%+ light hav+ a range ( #ai miles4 ,! eng9e] *af$ "u ^! disappo9tm5ts1 & himself det]m9$ to incur ! risk ( l&+ at all haz>ds4 ,) 8 tape-l9e 9 8 pocket1 he set out once m a few days lat]1 & 9 a surf-boat pull$ /eadily into ! fro? & foam ar\nd ! rock2 :ile ! m5 saw$ to & fro ! l&+-place1 he cr\*$ 9 ! b[1 wat*+ 8 opportunity4 ,pres5tly1 ! boat /eady+ itself = a mom5t1 he made a spr+ & rea*$ ! rock4 ,he c\ld n get 8 in/rum5ts a%ore1 s )\t loss ( "t he ran 8 l9e f po9t to po9t z rapidly z he c\ld1 jott$ d[n hurri$ notes1 &1 :5 ! swell 0 gr[+ re/ive aga91 hail$ ! boat1 & at a fav\rable mom5t1 z x manuvr$ r\nd1 jump$ into x4 ,! details he _h secur$1 ?\gh ha/ily prep>$1 7 suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,8 report 0 consid]$ & ! "* ( ! beacon decid$4 ,!re 0 "s discussion z to ! mo/ fav\rable situation = ! light ^u ! rock1 s a m detail$ survey 0 dem&$ to settle ?is problem4 ,?is task 0 entru/$ to an ,engli%man1 ,mr4 ,john ,r4 ,trewavas1 :o 0 famili> ) "w "u su* conditions4 ,he 0 a ma/]-mason ( ,portl& & _h be5 engag$ ^u ! con/ruction ( ! ,wolf ,rock1 "o ( ! mo/ notable & difficult works ( its k9d 9 ! hi/ory ( ligh?\se eng9e]+4 ,he pu%$ (f to ! rock on ,septemb] #ah1 #ahgi1 9 a surf-boat1 only to f9d ! usual /ate ( ?+s prevail+4 ,! boat 0 run 91 &1 emulat+ ! fir/ eng9e]'s feat1 he cle>$ ! wat] & l&$ on ! /eep1 rocky slope2 b x 0 wet & slipp]y1 & 8 feet play$ him false4 ,he /umbl$1 & /oop$ to rega9 8 balance1 b j !n a roll] curl$ 91 snat*$ him up & ?rew him into ! :irlpool ( curr5ts4 ,life-l9es 7 ?r[n1 & ! surf-boat /ruggl$ desp]ately to get ne> him1 b he 0 dragg$ d[n by ! und]t[ & nev] se5 aga94 ,?is fatality sc>$ 8 companions1 :o return$ ha/ily to ! ma9l&4 ,! recital ( _! dramatic /ory /irr$ ! public to su* a pit* t ! au?orities 7 frantically urg$ to ab&on ! project ( light+ ! ,tillamook4 ,mr4 ,david ,/ev5son relat$ to me an excit+ tw5ty m9utes :i* befell him & 8 bro!r :ile survey+ a rock (f ! we/ coa/ ( ,scotl&4 ,!y _h be5 wait+ pati5tly = a fav\rable mom5t to effect a l&+1 & :5 at la/ x appe>$ !y drew 9 & clamb]$ a%ore4 ,b !y c\ld n advance ano!r in*4 ,! rock 0 jagg$ & brok51 :ile its surface 0 z slipp]y z ice ow+ to a ?ick cov]+ ( slimy seawe$ :]eon boots c\ld n possibly secure a hold4 ,hav+ ga9$ ! rock ) s mu* difficulty1 !y 7 n go+ away empty-h&$4 ,z !y c\ld n /& 9 _! boots1 !y promptly remov$ !m1 &1 tak+ _! l9e & levels1 pick$ _! way g+]ly ov] ! jagg$1 slipp]y surface 9 _! /ock+$ feet4 ,movem5t c]ta9ly 0 exce$+ly uncom=table1 because _! toes display$ an uncanny read9ess to f9d e ne$le-po9t on ! islet2 b ! wool ( _! footwe> enabl$ !m to obta9 a firm grip ^u ! trea*]\s surface1 )\t ! risk ( be+ upset & hav+ a limb batt]$ or brok5 9 ! process4 ,tw5ty m9utes 7 sp5t 9 mak+ inve/igations "u ^! disconc]t+ conditions1 b ! "t 0 adequate to provide all ! details requir$4 ,:5 !y _h complet$ ! survey & _h rega9$ _! boat--a matt] ( no little difficulty 9 ! circum/ances--_! feet bore sad traces ( ! ordeal ?r\gh :i* !y _h pass$4 ,h[ev]1 _! "o conc]n 0 ! completion ( ! survey2 t _h be5 made successfully & 0 well wor? ! toll exact$ 9 ! =m ( physical discom=t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,alcatraz ,,ligh?\se ,,"u ,,con/ruction4 ,,! ,,alcatraz ,,ligh?\se ,,complet$4 ,?is t[] (f ! ,cali=nian coa/ is "o ( ! late/ works ( ! ,am]ican ,ligh?\se ,dep>tm5t4 ,x has a range ( #ba miles4 ,z a rule1 on a wave-swept rock :i* only %[s itself at %ort int]vals dur+ ! day1 ! prep>ation ( ! f\ndations is n an exact+ task4 ,a little p>+ ) *isels & dynamite may be requisite "h & !re1 b inv>iably ! eng9e] takes ! expos$ surface z ! basis = 8 "w4 ,! sea has eat5 away all ! s(t1 friable mat]ial 9 its ceaseless erosion1 leav+ an excell5t f\ndation to :i* ! sup]/ructure c be key$ to become z solid z ! rock itself4 ,:5 ! beacon is to be erect$ ^u a s&y bottom1 ! eng9e]'s "w becomes m baffl+1 z he is compell$ to c>ry 8 und]wat] "w d[n to a po9t :]e a /able f\ndation may be secur$4 ,:5 ! ,leas[e ligh?\se 0 built on ! s&y ,wirral %ore1 ! build]s 7 puzzl$ by ! lack ( a suitable f\ndation = ! masonry t[]4 ,an +5i\s way out ( ! difficulty 0 effect$4 ,9 ! vic9ity an incom+ %ip1 lad5 ) a c>go ( cotton1 _h gone a%ore & _h become a total wreck4 ,! cotton 0 useless = its int5d$ purpose1 s ! bales 7 salvag$ & dump$ into ! s& at ! po9t :]e ! ligh?\se 0 to be erect$4 ,! fleecy mass settl$ into ! s&1 & "u compression became z solid z a rock1 :ile its p]man5cy 0 assur$ by its complete subm]sion4 ,! /ability ( ?is /range f\ndation may be ga!r$ f ! fact t ! t[] erect$ !reon /ood1 & %$ its welcome light regul>ly e night1 = ab\t a c5tury & a half1 only be+ ext+ui%$ two or ?ree ye>s ago z x 0 no long] requir$4 ,9 ! ,old ,_w1 &1 inde$1 9 ! great majority ( in/ances1 ! ligh?\se is :at is describ$ z a 8monoli?ic /ructure10 be+ built ( c\rses ( masonry1 ! blocks ( :i* are dovetail$ toge!r n only lat]ally1 b also p]p5dicul>ly1 s t1 :5 complet$1 ! t[] comprises a solid mass ) ea* /one jo9t$ to its fell[ on f\r or five ( its six sides4 ,?is me?od 0 fir/ tri$ 9 connection ) ! ,hanois ligh?\se1 (f ! ,gu]nsey coa/1 & 0 f\nd s successful t x has be5 adopt$ univ]sally 9 all ligh?\ses :i* are expos$ to ! action ( ! waves4 ,! upp] face & "o end ( ea* block are provid$ ) projections1 :ile ! l[] face & ! o!r end are giv5 ind5tations4 ,?us1 :5 ! block is set 9 position1 ! projections fit into correspond+ ind5tations 9 ! adjac5t blocks1 :ile ! ind5tations receive ! projections f two o!r neighb\r+ pieces4 ,! :ole is lock$ toge!r by ! aid ( hydraulic cem5t4 ,consequ5tly ! waves1 or any o!r ag5cy1 _c possibly dislodge a /one )\t break+ ! dovetails or sma%+ ! /one itself4 ,= ! bottom lay]1 ( c\rse1 ! surface ( ! rock is p>$ away suffici5tly to receive ! /one1 :i* is b$d$ 9 cem5t adh]+ to bo? ! rock & ! sup]impos$ block4 ,a hole is !n drill$ ?r\gh ! latt] deep into ! rock b5ea?1 into :i* a /eel rod or bolt is driv5 well home1 & ! hole is seal$ up ) cem5t =c$ 9 "u su* pressure z to p5etrate e int]/ice & crevice4 ,! iron supports con/itute ! roots1 z x 71 ( ! t[]1 p5etrat+ deep into ! he>t ( ! rock to secure a firm grip1 :ile ! t[] itself resembles1 9 its g5]al appe>ance1 a symmetrical tree trunk1 ?is =m (f]+ ! m9imum ( resi/ance to ! waves4 ,! l[] "p ( ! t[] is made completely solid by ! dovetail+ ( ! integral blocks1 & is cyl9drical 9 %ape up to a c]ta9 pr$et]m9$ level :i* v>ies accord+ to ! surr\nd+ conditions & ! situation ( ! light4 ,"s ye>s ago ! ligh?\se assum$ its trunk-l %ape at ! bottom c\rse1 ris+ 9 a graceful concave curve to ! lant]n2 b ?is me?od has be5 ab&on$1 inasmu* z1 ow+ to ! decreas+ diamet] ( ! t[] z x rose c\rse by c\rse above its f\ndations1 ! l[e/ out] r+s ( masonry did n h to )/& any ( ! sup]impos$ weight1 :i* naturally be>s 9 a v]tical l9e4 ,by c>ry+ ! l[] "p to a c]ta9 height 9 ! =m ( a cyl9d]1 & !n comm5c+ ! concave curve ( ! t[]1 ! pressure ( ! latt] is impos$ equally ^u ! :ole ( its f\ndations4 ,! latt] may be /epp$--i4e41 "o ti] ( /ones may project a little beyond t ( ! "o imm$iately above--b ?is arrangem5t is adopt$ 9 ord] to break ! sma%+ =ce ( ! waves4 ,! conditions att5d+ ! actual build+ op]ations ^u ! rock1 :i* may be accessible only = an h\r or two p] day 9 calm wea!r1 prev5t ! blocks ( granite be+ %ap$ & trimm$ ^u ! site4 ,accord+ly1 ! ligh?\se 9 ! fir/ place is erect$ piecemeal on %ore4 ,a horizontal c\rse ( /ones is laid to see t ea* dovetail fits tightly & dead true4 ,! next c\rse is laid ^u ?is1 & s on = p]haps eight or t5 c\rses1 ! trimm+ & f9ick+ be+ accompli%$ z ! "w proce$s4 ,ea* projection has to be only j big en\gh to ent] its relative ind5tation1 :ile ! latt] mu/ be exactly ( ! requisite dim5sions to receive ! projection1 & no m4 ,ea* /one is !n giv5 an id5tification m>k1 s t ! masons on ! rock may p]ceive at a glance its precise position 9 a c\rse1 & to :at r+ ( /ones x belongs4 ,!re=e ! mason at ! site has no anxiety ab\t a /one fitt+ accurately2 he has m]ely to set x 9 position ^u its b$ ( cem5t4 ,on %ore--g5]ally 9 ! qu>ry y>d--:5 a s]ies ( c\rses h be5 tempor>ily built up 9 ?is mann] & h receiv$ ! critical approbation ( ! resid5t eng9e]1 ! topmo/ c\rse is remov$ & reta9$1 :ile ! o!r blocks are despat*$ to ! site4 ,?is topmo/ c\rse =ms ! bottom r+ 9 ! next section ( ! ligh?\se :i* is built up 9 ! y>d1 & ! topmo/ c\rse ( ?is section 9 turn is held to =m ! bottom c\rse ( ! succe$+ "p ( ! t[]1 & s on f f\ndation to lant]n p>apet4 ,dur+ ! pa/ two or ?ree ye>s re9=c$ concrete has be5 employ$ to a c]ta9 ext5t = ligh?\se con/ruction1 b granite ( ! f9e/ & h>de/ quality /ill rema9s ! mat]ial p> excell5ce = t[]s erect$ 9 expos$1 sea-swept positions4 ,! ,russian ligh?\se au?orities h adopt$ ! f]ro-concrete sy/em 9 reg>d to "o or two %ore lights1 especially on ! ,black ,sea1 :ile ano!r f9e /ructure ^u ?is pr9ciple 0 built by ! ,fr5* ,s]vice des ,ph>es 9 #aije at ! entrance to ! ,riv] ,gironde4 ,! sy/em has also be5 adopt$ by ! ,canadian ligh?\se au?orities2 "o or two rec5t notable lights "u _! jurisdiction h be5 con/ruct$ 9 ?is mat]ial1 al?\gh on some:at diff]5t l9es f ^? almo/ inv>iably foll[$1 s f> z ! g5]al design is conc]n$4 ,:ile ! masonry or monoli?ic /ructure is ! mo/ durable & sub/antial /ructure1 x is also ! mo/ exp5sive4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! _w1 notably along ! ,atlantic coa/l9e ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :at are kn[n z 8screw-pile ligh?\ses0 are us$4 ,^! build+s v>y 9 =m1 "s resembl+ a huge beacon1 su* z indicates ! entrance to a riv]1 :ile o!rs convey ! impression ( be+ bungal[s or pavilions on /ilts4 ,! legs are /\t1 cyl9drical1 iron memb]s1 ! l[] ends ( :i* are %ap$ some:at aft] ! mann] ( an aug]1 :]eby !y may be screw$ into ! sea-b$--h5ce ! "n4 ,?is sy/em has be5 employ$ = beacons ov] dang]\s %oals2 & :ile !y are some:at squat1 l[-ly+ lights1 !y h prov$ to be highly s]viceable4 ,iron has be5 employ$ also = ligh?\se con/ructional "w1 ! sy/em 9 ?is case be+ a comb9ation ( ! screw pile & ! t[]1 ! latt]1 ext5d+ f a plat=m :]eon ! liv+-qu>t]s are plac$ & m\nt$ cle> ( ! wat]1 on piles1 be+ a huge cyl9drical pipe cr[n$ by ! lant]n4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & novel ( ^! iron ligh?\ses is ! ,hunt+ ,isl& t[] (f ! coa/ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,9 g5]al design x resembles ! ord9>y ligh?\se wr\ght 9 masonry1 & x is #aba feet 9 height f ! gr\nd to ! focal plane4 ,x is built ( iron ?r\gh\t1 ! %ell be+ 9 ! =m ( panels1 ea* ( :i* weighs #a1bjj p\nds4 ,?is type ( t[] 0 select$ ow+ to ! sev]e erosion ( ! sea at ! po9t :]e x is plac$4 ,:5 x 0 erect$ 9 #ahge1 at a co/ ( #bj1djj1 or #ajb1jjj1 x 0 plant$ a qu>t] ( a mile back f ! sea4 ,?is action 0 sev]ely criticiz$ at ! "t1 x be+ ma9ta9$ t ! light 0 set too f> f ! wat]'s edge to be ( practical value2 b ! hungry ocean disappo9t$ ! critics1 because 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s ! int]v5+ /rip ( %ore disappe>$1 & ! necessity ( demoli%+ ! light & re-erect+ x f>!r inl& arose4 ,on ?is occasion ! eng9e]s det]m9$ to po/pone a second removal = "s "t4 ,! t[] 0 re-erect$ at a po9t "o & a qu>t] miles inl&1 & ! sum ( #aj1bjj1 or #ea1jjj1 0 exp5d$ ^u ! und]tak+4 ,! iron sy/em1 :i* 0 adopt$1 prov$ its value 9 ?is "w ( removal piece by piece1 because1 _h ! t[] be5 c>ri$ out 9 masonry1 x w\ld h be5 *eap] to set up a new light1 z 0 done at ,cape ,h5ry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,,sectional ,,diagram ,,( ,,! ,,ar-,,m5 ,,ligh?\se1 ,,%[+ ,,ye>ly ,,progress ,,9 ,,con/ruction4 ,x gu>ds ! 8,bay ( ! ,dead10 (f ,cape ,f9i/]re4 ,comm5c$ 9 #ahfg1 x 0 n f9i%$ until #ahha4 ,"s ( ! ,am]ican coa/ lights are ( ! mo/ primitive & odd-look+ "*1 compris+ m]ely a l(ty skeleton ( ironwork4 ,! lamp is a head-light1 su* z is c>ri$ by railway eng9es1 fitt$ ) a p>abolic reflector4 ,e morn+ ! lamp is l[]$1 clean$1 & /or$ 9 a %ack at ! foot ( ! pyramid1 to be light$ & haul$ into position at dusk4 ,?is is ! mo/ economical =m ( ligh?\se :i* has be5 devis$1 ! total co/ ( ! in/allation be+ only ab\t #b1ejj1 or #ab1ejj1 :ile ! ma9t5ance *>ges are equally l[4 ,lights ( ?is description are employ$ = ! mo/ "p 9 connection ) ! light+ ( wat]ways1 con/itut+ :at is kn[n z ! 8back-light0 9 a range or gr\p ( lights /udd$ along ! riv] to guide ! navigator ?r\gh its twi/s & %all[s1 in/ead ( buoy+ ( ! *annel4 ,! task ( con/ruct+ a sea-rock ligh?\se is z t$i\s & protract$ an ent]prise z "o c\ld conceive1 because ! eng9e] & 8 workm5 are entirely at ! m]cy ( ! wea!r4 ,ea* great "w has bri/l$ ) its p>ticul> difficulties2 ea* has pres5t$ its individual problems = solution4 ,few mod]n ligh?\ses1 h[ev]1 h s baffl$ ! eng9e] & h occupi$ su* a numb] ( ye>s 9 completion1 z ! ,ar-m5 light (f ,cape ,f9i/]re4 ,?is t[] 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahfg1 b s great & s _m 7 ! difficulties involv$ 9 its erection t ! light 0 n fir/ ?r[n ov] ! ,atlantic f its lant]n until #ahha4 ,?is light is situat$ at "o ( ! mo/ dread$ p>ts ( a s9i/] coa/4 ,at ?is spot a numb] ( granite po9ts ?ru/ !mselves at times above ! wat] 9 an ind5tation :i* has receiv$ ! lugubri\s "n ,bay ( ! ,dead4 ,! title is well des]v$1 = x is impossible to say h[ _m %ips h gone d[n ?r\gh f\l+ ^! gre$y fangs1 or h[ _m lives h be5 lo/ 9 its vic9ity4 ,! wat]s ar\nd ! spot are a see?+ race ( curr5ts1 eddies1 & :irlpools4 ,x is an ocean gravey>d 9 v tru?1 & al?\gh m>9]s are only too cognizant ( its t]rible "*1 & endeav\r to give ?is corn] ( ! ,european ma9l& a wide bir?1 yet /orms & fogs upset ! calculations ( ! mo/ c>eful navigators4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,?imble ,,%oals ,,light4 ,a typical example ( ! ,am]ican iron screw pile sy/em4 ,a vessel ran into ?is beacon & wreck$ x2 ! ru9s caught fire1 & ! keep]s only escap$ 9 ! nick ( "t4 ,z ! /reams ( traffic across ! ,bay ( ,biscay grew d5s] & d5s]1 x became imp]ative to provide a gu>dian light at ?is spot1 & ! eng9e]s emb>k$ ^u _! task4 ,!y knew well t !y 7 fac$ ) a d>+ & try+ ent]prise1 & weeks 7 sp5t 9 ^! tr\bl$ wat]s seek+ = ! mo/ fav\rable site4 ,z a result ( _! elaborate surveys1 !y decid$ t ! rock ( ,ar-m5 (f]$ ! only suitable situation2 b :at a prec>i\s f\ndation ^u :i* to lift a massive masonry t[]6 ,! hump is only #be feet wide by #ej feet 9 l5g?2 no m ?an ?ree little p9nacles project$ above ! sea-level1 & at l[-tide less ?an #e feet ( ! t\gh gneiss 7 expos$4 ,nor 0 ?is ! mo/ adv]se feature4 ,! rock is 9 ! c5tre ( ! bad wat]s1 & is swept f end to end1 "u all conditions ( wea!r1 by ! furi\s swell4 ,"s idea ( ! prospect confront+ ! eng9e]s may be ga!r$ f ! fact t a :ole ye> 0 sp5t 9 ! ef=t to make "o l&+ to take levels4 ,:5 con/ruction 0 tak5 9 h& ! outlook 0 ev5 m appall+4 ,x 0 z if ! sea recogniz$ t its day ( plund] 0 to draw to a close4 ,! workm5 7 br\ght1 ) all mat]ials & appliances1 to ! ne>e/ /rategical po9t on ! ma9l&1 :]e a depot 0 e/abli%$4 ,yet 9 ! c\rse ( two ye>s ! workm51 al?\gh !y /rove day aft] day to l& ^u ! rock1 only succe$$ tw5ty-?ree times1 :ile dur+ ?is p]iod only tw5ty-six h\rs' "w 0 accompli%$6 ,x is n surpris+ t1 :5 ! m5 did l&1 !y toil$ l ,trojans to make ! mo/ ( ! brief int]val4 ,! sum ( _! "w 9 ?is "t 0 ! plant+ ( ! ligh?\se's roots 9 ! =m ( fifty-five circul> b>s1 ea* #b in*es 9 diamet] & spac$ #c feet ap>t at a dep? ( ab\t #ab in*es 9 ! granite mass4 ,by ! end ( #ahgj ! cyl9drical f\ndation _h crept a few feet above ! highe/ projection2 ?is pl9? 0 #bd feet 9 diamet]1 #ah feet 9 height1 & 0 solid ?r\gh\t4 ,a great] diamet] 0 impossible z ! wall 0 br\ght almo/ to ! edge ( ! rock4 ,by d9t ( great ef=t ?is "p ( ! "w 0 complet$ by ! end ( #ahgd1 :i* ye>1 by ! way1 %[$ ! greate/ advance t _h be5 atta9$ 9 a s+le twelvemon?4 ,z mu* ( ! f\ndations 0 complet$ 9 ?is ye> z _h be5 a*iev$ dur+ ! ?ree previ\s ye>s4 ,al?\gh ! heavy gales p\nd$ ! /ructure m]cilessly1 s well 0 ! masonry laid t x (f]$ q effective resi/ance4 ,^u ?is pl9? 0 plac$ ! base ( ! t[]4 ,?is likewise is #bd feet 9 diamet]1 & ab\t #aj feet 9 height4 ,x is also ( massive con/ruction1 be+ solid except = a c5tral cyl9drical space :i* is capable ( receiv+ "s #e tons ( coal4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,bullivant ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,sett+ ,,! ,,la/ ,,/one ,,( ,,! ,,bea*y ,,head ,,ligh?\se4 ,! base 0 complet$ 9 a s+le ye>1 & 9 #ahgf ! erection ( ! t[] prop] 0 comm5c$1 toge!r ) ! completion ( ! approa*+ /airway lead+ f ! wat]-level to ! base ( ! /ructure4 ,! latt]1 divid$ into sev5 /ories1 rises 9 ! =m ( a sl5d] cone1 tap]+ f a diamet] ( #ba feet at ! bottom to #af feet at ! top b5ea? ! lant]n4 ,"s idea ( ! massive "* ( ! "w :i* 0 dem&$ 9 ord] to resi/ ! int5se fury ( ! waves may be realiz$ :5 x is m5tion$ t ! wall at ! fir/ & second floors is #e feet 9 ?ickness1 leav+ a diamet] ( #aj feet = ! ap>tm5t on ! fir/ floor1 :i* is devot$ to ! /orage ( wat]1 & ( #g feet = t on ! second floor1 :i* conta9s ! oil res]voirs = ! lamps4 ,! liv+-rooms h a diamet] ( #aa feet1 ?is increas$ space be+ obta9$ by r$uc+ ! ?ickness ( ! wall to #b feet4 ,! erection ( ! sup]/ructure w5t =w>d /eadily1 five ye>s be+ occupi$ 9 c>ry+ ! masonry f ! base to ! lant]n gall]y1 s t 9 #ahha = ! fir/ "t p[]ful w>n+ 0 giv5 ( a dang] dread$1 & (t5 unavoidable1 f ! "t :5 %ips fir/ sail$ ^! seas4 ,fifte5 ye>s' lab\r & p]il on ! "p ( ! eng9e]s & _! assi/ants 7 cr[n$ ) success4 ,:]eas ! ,ar-m5 light (f ,cape ,f9i/]re dem&$ fifte5 ye>s = its completion1 ! con/ruction ( ! ,bea*y ,head ligh?\se (f ! ,s\? ( ,engl& coa/ 0 complet$ )9 a few mon?s4 ,x is true t ! conditions 7 va/ly dissimil>1 b ! ,sussex %ore is expos$ to ! full brunt ( ! s\?-we/]ly & s\?-ea/]ly gales4 ,?is ligh?\se ?ru/s its sl5d] l9es f ! wat]1 its f\ndations be+ sunk into ! *alk b$ ( ! ,*annel1 #eej feet f ! base ( ! t[]+ :ite cliffs1 :i* con/itute a /rik+ backgr\nd4 ,?is beacon 0 br\ght into s]vice 9 #aijb1 its con/ruction hav+ occupi$ ab\t two ye>s4 ,! light =m]ly 0 plac$ on ! cr[n ( ! precipice beh9d1 b1 be+ !n "s #bhe feet above ! wat]1 0 f> f be+ satisfactory1 z its rays 7 frequ5tly blott$ out by ! ruffle ( mi/ :i* ga!rs ar\nd ,bea*y ,head on ! approa* ( ev5+4 ,inde$1 ?is is "o ( ! great objections to plac+ a light ^u a l(ty headl&4 ,9 su* a position x does n s]ve z an aid1 b m (t5 ?an n z a dang]1 to navigation1 ow+ to ! light be+ invisible at ! "t :5 its assi/ance is requir$ & s\ght mo/ urg5tly4 ,consequ5tly ligh?\se eng9e]s endeav\r to set _! t[]s at su* a level t ! light is n rais$ m ?an f #afj to #bjj feet above ! wat]4 ,9 ! case ( ,bea*y ,head1 a fur!r reason = a new /ructure 0 ! dis9tegration ( ! cliff ^u :i* ! light /ood1 "u ! t]rific p\nd+s ( ! sea1 huge falls ( *alk hav+ occurr$ f "t to "t1 :i* imp]ill$ ! safety ( ! build+4 ,:5 ! new ligh?\se 0 tak5 9 h&1 inve/igation ( ! sea-b$ reveal$ an excell5t f\ndation 9 ! d5se h>d *alk1 & accord+ly a hole #aj feet deep 0 excavat$ out ( ! solid mass to receive ! foot+s ( ! build+4 ,z ! site is subm]g$ to a great dep? at high-tide1 ! fir/ op]ation 0 ! erection ( a circul> dam c>ri$ to a suffici5t height to enable ! m5 to toil )94 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! work+ spells 7 l5g!n$ consid]ably1 lab\r only be+ susp5d$ at high-tide4 ,:5 ! sea ebb$ bel[ ! edge ( ! dam1 ! wat] )9 0 pump$ out1 leav+ a dry cle> space = ! workm54 ,excavation _h to be c>ri$ out ) pickaxe & %ovel1 bla/+ n be+ p]mitt$ = fe> ( %att]+ & splitt+ up ! mass =m+ ! cru/ ( ! sea-b$4 ,beside ! site a sub/antial iron /ag+ 0 erect$1 & f ?is po9t to ! top ( ! cliffs beh9d a ,bullivant cableway 0 /ret*$1 up & d[n :i* ! v>i\s requirem5ts 7 c>ri$1 toge!r ) ! workm54 ,?is cableway1 design$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,h4 ,c>r+ton1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 consult+ eng9e] to ,messrs4 ,bullivant & ,co41 ,ltd41 facilitat$ rapid & economical con/ruction v appreciably4 ,! span 0 ab\t #fjj feet betwe5 ! erect+ /age & ! cliff summit1 & !re 7 two fix$ ropes /ret*$ p>allel f po9t to po9t4 ,"o rope1 #f in*es 9 diamet]1 _h a break+ /ra9 ( #abj tons2 ! second1 #e in*es ?ick1 _h a break+ /ra9 ( #ajj tons4 ,at ! seaw>d end ! cables 7 an*or$ into ! solid *alk4 ,ev]y?+ requir$ = ! con/ructional op]ations 0 h&l$ by ?is c>ry+ sy/em1 & :5 x is recall$ t "s ( ! blocks = ! l[] c\rses weigh$ f #d to #e tons1 x w be recogniz$ t su* a me?od ( h&l+ ^! unga9ly loads1 ) ! c>e t 0 dem&$ to pres]ve ! edges & faces f injury1 solv$ an ab/ruse problem completely4 ,! base ( ! t[]1 ! diamet] ( :i* is #dg feet1 is solid to a height ( #dh feet1 except = a c5tral circul> space = /or+ dr9k+ wat]4 ,x 0 design$ by ,sir ,?omas ,mat!ws1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 ! ,eng9e]-9-,*ief to ! ,tr9ity ,bre?r51 & is a graceful build+1 ! t[] ris+ 9 a curve :i* is describ$ z a 8concave elliptic fru/um40 ,f ! base to ! lant]n gall]y is #abc feet1 & #c1ffj tons ( ,corni% granite 7 us$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,! ov]-all height to ! top ( ! lant]n is #aec feet4 ,! build+ is provid$ ) eight floors1 compris+ ! liv+ & sleep+ qu>t]s = ! keep]s1 /orage ( oil1 & o!r necess>ies4 ,! light1 ( ! dioptric ord]1 is ( #hc1jjj c&le-p[]1 & ! two :ite fla%es giv5 e fifte5 seconds are di/+ui%able = a di/ance ( sev5te5 miles1 :i* is ! av]age range ( mod]n ,briti% ligh?\ses4 ,al?\gh ! con/ructional "w 0 frequ5tly int]rupt$ by r\gh wea!r1 e advantage 0 tak5 ( calm p]iods4 ,:ile f ! po9t ( d>+ eng9e]+ x does n comp>e ) _m ( ! o!r great lights ( ! _w1 yet x c]ta9ly ranks z a f9e example ( ! ligh?\se build]'s skill4 ,ow+ to ! elaborate precautions obs]v$1 ! a*ievem5t 0 n m>r$ by a s+le fatality1 al?\gh !re 7 _m ?rill+ mom5ts1 ! sole result ( :i*1 h[ev]1 0 ! loss ( tools & sections ( ! plant1 :i* 9 ! majority ( cases 7 recov]$ :5 ! tide fell4 ,! mo/ s]i\s accid5t 0 a cru%$ toe1 :i* befell "o ( ! masons :5 a /one 0 be+ b$d$4 ,al?\gh ! ligh?\se is subject$ to ! full fury ( w9d & wave1 if skilfully erect$ x w )/& ! ravages ( bo? )\t creat+ ! slighte/ appreh5sions 9 ! eng9e]'s m9d4 ,! /ones are prep>$ s c>efully t !y fit "o ano!r l ! prov]bial glove1 :ile ! cem5t fills e nook & cranny4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 ! cem5t w succumb to ! natural dis9tegrat+ =ces1 &1 becom+ deta*$1 reveal a po9t vuln]able to attack4 ,! air )9 ! int]/ice becomes compress$ by ! surg+ wat]1 & !reby ! fabric is liable to be %att]$4 ,"s ye>s ago "o or two ( ! ligh?\ses gu>d+ ! ,great ,lakes ( ,nor? ,am]ica 7 f\nd to h become weak5$ f ?is cause4 ,a novel rem$y 0 evolv$ by an +5i\s eng9e]4 ,he provid$ ea* tott]+ ligh?\se ) an iron ov]coat1 envelop+ x f top to bottom4 ,! metal 0 n laid directly ^u ! masonry1 b 0 s plac$ z to leave ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* betwe5 ! inn] face ( ! metal & ! surface ( ! masonry4 ,liquid cem5t 0 !n admitt$ "u pressure--8gr\t+0 x is call$--into ?is annul> space1 & p5etrat+ e crack & crevice 9 ! masonry1 & adh]+ bo? to ! metal & ! /onework1 x practically =m$ ano!r int]m$iate jacket1 b9d+ ! two s firmly toge!r z to make !m virtually "o4 ,?is novel proc$ure absolutely re/or$ ! m5ac$ build+ to its orig9al homog5eity & rigidity1 s t x became z s\nd z ! day on :i* x 0 built4 ,n[adays1 ow+ to ! skill 9 design+ & ! workman%ip display$1 "o nev] he>s ( a mod]n ligh?\se collaps+4 ,exp5se is no object2 ! eng9e] does n endeav\r to ?w>t ! elem5ts1 b foll[s a design :]e9 ! m9imum ( resi/ance is (f]$ to !m4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,light ,,& ,,illum9ants ,:ile x is ! t[] t probably creates ! deepe/ impression ^u ! popul> m9d1 ow+ to ! r\nd ( difficulties ov]come associat$ ) its erection1 yet1 aft] all1 x is ! light :i* is ! vital ?+ to ! navigator4 ,to him symmetry ( outl9e 9 ! t[]1 ! se>*+ problems t _h to be solv$ be=e x 0 plant$ 9 a =bidd+ spot1 ! risks t 7 incurr$ 9 its erection--^! are m9or details4 ,8 "o conc]n is ! light ?r[n f ! topmo/ height1 w>n+ him to keep (f a dang]\s spot & by its *>act]i/ic enabl+ him to det]m9e 8 position4 ,i h describ$ ! e>lie/ type ( light1 ! op5 wood or coal fire blaz+ on an em95ce4 ,9 due c\rse ! brazi] gave way to tall[ c&les4 ,?is 0 an advance1 c]ta9ly1 b ! range ( ! nak$ light 0 extremely limit$4 ,consequ5tly ef=ts 7 made to int5sify x & to ?r[ x 9 ! desir$ direction4 ,! fir/ /ep 0 made ) a reflector plac$ beh9d ! illum9ant1 simil> to t us$ ) ! *eap wall-lamp s common 9 village work%ops4 ,?is1 9 its improv$ =m1 is kn[n z ! 8catoptric sy/em10 ! reflector be+ ( p>abolic %ape1 ) ! light s dispos$ t all its rays 7bo? horizontal & v]tical7 are reflect$ 9 "o direction by ! aid ( a highly poli%$ surface4 ,:ile ! catoptric sy/em is /ill us$ on "s light-vessels1 its application to important ligh?\ses has fall5 into desuetude1 z x has be5 sup]s$$ by va/ly improv$ me?ods4 ,b ! reflector1 made ei!r ( silv]$ glass set 9 a pla/]-(-,p>is m\ld or ( brightly poli%$ metallic surfaces1 held ! field until ! great inv5tion ( ,augu/9 ,fresnel1 :i* completely revolutioniz$ ! sci5ce ( ligh?\se optics4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,,fix$ ,,app>atus ,,( #cfj ,,degrees4 ,%[s "o ray ?r\gh\t ! complete circle4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,fresnel 0 appo9t$ a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,ligh?\se ,commission 9 #ahaa1 & he realiz$ ! %ortcom+s ( ! exi/+ catoptric me?od only too well4 ,ev]yone kn[s t :5 a lamp is light$ ! lum9\s rays are diffus$ on e side1 horizontally z well z v]tically4 ,9 ligh?\se op]ations ! beam has to be ?r[n 9 a horizontal l9e only1 :ile ! light :i* is %$ t[>ds ! top & bottom mu/ be div]t$1 s t ! proportion ( wa/e lum9osity may be r$uc$ to ! m9imum4 ,:ile ! p>abolic reflector a*iev$ ?is end p>tially1 x 0 f> f be+ satisfactory1 & ,fresnel set to "w to cond5se ! :ole ( ! rays into a horizontal beam4 ,buffon1 a contempor>y inve/igator1 z well z ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 _h sugge/$ t ! end might be met by build+ up a l5s 9 sep>ate conc5tric r+s1 b nei!r r$uc$ 8 !ories to practice4 ,fresnel inv5t$ a v simple sy/em4 ,he took a c5tral piece ( glass1 :i* may be describ$ z a bull's-eye1 & ar\nd ?is dispos$ a numb] ( conc5tric r+s ( glass4 ,b ^! r+s project$ beyond "o ano!r4 ,ea* con/itut$ ! edge ( a l5s :i*1 :ile its radius diff]$ f t ( its neighb\r1 ow+ to its position1 yet 0 ( ! same focus 9 reg>d to ! s\rce ( illum9ation4 ,! p>ts 7 %ap$ ) extreme c>e & 7 unit$ 9 position by ! aid ( fi% glue1 ! :ole be+ m\nt$ 9 a metal frame4 ,! advantage ( ! sy/em 0 app>5t 9 ! fir/ demon/rations4 ,! l5ses be+ comp>atively ?91 only "o-t5? ( ! light pass+ ?r\gh 0 absorb$1 :]eas 9 ! old p>abolic reflectors "o-half ( ! light 0 lo/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,,s+le ,,fla%+ ,,app>atus 7,,"o ,,panel ,,& ,,mirror74 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,?is revolution>y developm5t 0 p]fect$ 9 #ahbb1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> x 0 submitt$ to its fir/ practical application on ! t[] ( ,cord\an 9 ! ,gironde4 ,sev]al modifications 7 made by ! inv5tor = ! purpose ( adapt+ 8 sy/em to v>y+ conditions4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important 0 ! disposition ( l5ses & mirrors above ! optical app>atus = ! purpose ( collect+ & driv+ back ! rays :i* 7 s5t out v]tically f ! illum9ant1 s t !y might be m+l$ ) ! horizontal beam1 !reby re9=c+ x4 ,at a lat] date simil> equiangul> prisms 7 plac$ bel[ ! horizontal beam s z to cat* ! light ?r[n d[nw>ds f ! lum9\s s\rce1 ! result be+ t f9ally none1 or v little1 ( ! light emitt$ by ! illum9ant 0 lo/1 except by absorption 9 ! process ( b5d+ ! rays into ! desir$ direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--;,a ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,panel ,,light1 ,,:i* ,,0 ,,introduc$ ,,into ,,c]ta9 ,,fr5* ,,ligh?\ses4 ,9 ?is +5i\s mann] ! circle ( light is divid$ into sections1 call$ 8panels10 ea* ( :i* comprises its bull's-eye & its gr\p ( conc5tric r+s & prisms4 ,! ext5t ( ?is division v>ies appreciably1 z _m z sixte5 panels be+ utiliz$ 9 "s in/ances4 ,9 ?is direction1 h[ev]1 subdivision c be c>ri$ too f>4 ,?us1 9 "s ( ! ,fr5* ligh?\ses no less ?an tw5ty-f\r panels 7 introduc$4 ,! disadvantage is obvi\s4 ,! total volume ( light emitt$ f ! lum9\s s\rce has to be divid$ into tw5ty-f\r p>ts1 "o = ea* panel4 ,b ! few] ! panels1 ! m light is ?r[n ?r\gh ea*1 & ! correspond+ly great] p[] ( ! beam4 ,?us1 9 a f\r-panel light ea* beam w be six times z p[]ful z t ?r[n f a tw5ty-f\r panel app>atus ( ! same type4 ,fresnel also introduc$ ! sy/em ( revolv+ ! optical app>atus1 & by ! introduction ( suitable devices 0 able to give ! light a fla%+ *>act]i/ic1 s t x became possible to provide a means ( id5tify+ a light f a di/ance entirely by ! peculi>ity ( its fla%4 ,! ,fr5* au?orities 7 s impress$ ) ! wond]ful improvem5t produc$ by ,fresnel's epo*-mak+ inv5tion t x 0 adopt$ imm$iately = all ,fr5* lights4 ,great ,brita9 foll[$ suit a few ye>s lat]1 :ile o!r c\ntries embrac$ ! sy/em subsequ5tly1 s t ! ,fresnel l5s ev5tually came into univ]sal use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,a ,,f\r-,,panel ,,light4 ,! ray ?r[n ?r\gh ea* panel is six times z p[]ful z ! beam ?r[n ?r\gh a tw5ty-f\r panel app>atus4 ,b ! ,fr5*man's +5i\s inv5tion has be5 develop$ out ( recognition4 ,to-day only ! fundam5tal basis is reta9$4 ,m>k$ improvem5ts 7 made by ,mr4 ,alan ,/ev5son1 ! fam\s ,scotti% ligh?\se eng9e]4 ,9 fact1 he c>ri$ ! idea to a f> great] degree ?an ,fresnel ev] contemplat$1 & 9 "s in/ances ev5 anticipat$ ! latt]'s subsequ5t modifications & improvem5ts4 ,?is 0 demon/rat$ m p>ticul>ly 9 ! holophotal revolv+ app>atus1 ! fir/ example ( :i* he design$ = ! ,nor? ,ronald%ay ligh?\se 9 #ahej1 a simil> app>atus be+ devis$ "s ye>s lat] by ,fresnel4 ,9 #ahfb ano!r great improvem5t 0 made by ,mr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,*ance1 ( ! well-kn[n ligh?\se eng9e]+ firm ( ,birm+ham1 :i* prov$ s successful t x 0 incorporat$ = fir/ & ?ird ord] app>atuses 9 ! ,new ,zeal& lights design$ by ,messrs4 ,/ev5son 9 ! same ye>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,,s+le ,,app>atus ,,9 ,,f\r ,,panels4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,! ,fr5* & ,briti% inve/igators1 h[ev]1 7 n hav+ ?+s entirely _! own way4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates play$ a "p 9 ^! developm5ts1 al?\gh !y did n ent] v successfully into ! problem4 ,! fir/ ligh?\se at ,bo/on ,h>b\r c>ri$ c&les until sup]s$$ by an ord9>y lamp1 :i* 0 hung 9 ! lant]n 9 mu* ! same way z x might h be5 susp5d$ beh9d ! w9d[ ( a private dwell+4 ,an inv5tor1 ,mr4 ,w9sl[ ,lewis1 :o confess$ t he knew no?+ ab\t ligh?\se optics1 pat5t$ :at he call$ a 8magnify+ & reflect+ lant]n0 = ligh?\se "w1 :i* he claim$ 0 a lamp1 a reflector1 & a magnifi]1 all 9 "o4 ,x 0 z crude a device z has ev] emanat$ f an inv5tive bra91 b ! design] succe$$ 9 impress+ ! ,gov]nm5t s effectively t !y gave him #d1jjj1 or #bj1jjj1 = 8 inv5tion4 ,! reflector 0 wr\ght ( ?9 copp] ) a silv]$ surface1 :ile ! magnifi]1 ! ess5ce ( ! inv5tion1 0 :at he call$ a 8l5s10 b :i* 9 reality compris$ only a circul> transp>5t mass1 #i in*es 9 diamet]1 & v>y+ f #b to #d in*es 9 ?ickness1 made ( bottle-gre5 glass4 ,! ,gov]nm5t consid]$ t x _h acquir$ a valuable inv5tion1 & 0 some:at dismay$ by ! blunt op9ion ( "o ( its inspectors :o held contr>y views conc]n+ ! magnifi]1 inasmu* z he report$ cynically t its only m]it 0 t x made 8a bad light worse40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--;,,d\ble ,,fla%+ ,,app>atus3 ,,two ,,panels ,,& ,,mirror4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,,d\ble ,,fla%+ ,,app>atus3 ,,two ,,gr\ps ,,ea* ,,( ,,two ,,panels4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,! inv5tor did n manife/ any antagonism to ?is criticism1 b imm$iately po9t$ out ! great economy 9 ! consumption ( oil t 0 aris+ f ! use ( 8 idea4 ,inde$1 he prosecut$ 8 claims s successfully t he cl9*$ a pr(itable b>ga9 to himself ) ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,8 app>atus _h be5 fitt$ to ?irty-f\r lights1 & he contract$ to ma9ta9 !m on ! basis ( receiv+ "o-half ( ! oil previ\sly consum$ by ! lamps :i* 8 inv5tion sup]s$$4 ,?is arrangem5t 0 9 vogue = five ye>s1 :5 x 0 r5ew$1 ) ! diff]5ce t on ?is occasion ! ,gov]nm5t1 conclud+ t ! inv5tor 0 mak+ too mu* out ( ! transaction1 r$uc$ ! all[ance to "o-?ird4 ,subsequ5tly ! inv5tion receiv$ high] comm5dation f ! (ficials ?an t advanc$ by ! critical inspector1 al?\gh x mu/ be po9t$ out t mean:ile ! magnify+ bull's-eye _h be5 ab&on$1 & a new type ( reflector introduc$1 s t ! sole rema9+ feature ( ! wond]ful inv5tion 0 ! lamp4 ,ev5 t _h be5 modifi$4 ,:5 ! ,ligh?\se ,bo>d 0 e/abli%$ 9 #aheb x aboli%$ ! mu*-discuss$ inv5tion1 & introduc$ ! ,fresnel sy/em1 br++ ! ,unit$ ,/ates into l9e ) ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,,triple ,,fla%+ ,,app>atus3 ,,?ree ,,panels ,,& ,,mirror4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,"o feature ( ! subject _c fail to arre/ att5tion4 ,?is is ! possibility ( produc+ a v>iety ( comb9ations by ! aid ( ! l5ses to fulfil diff]5t requirem5ts4 ,! ,fresnel1 ,/ev5son1 & ,*ance developm5ts 9 ! sci5ce ( ligh?\se optics facilitat$ ?is "w v significantly4 ,accord+ly1 to-day a v>iety ( lights1 evolv$ f ! v>iations 9 ! m\nt+ ( ! l5ses1 is 9 vogue4 ,= purposes ( id5tification !y h be5 divid$ into a numb] ( classifications1 &1 = ! conv5i5ce ( ! navigator1 are describ$ z lights ( ! fir/ ord]1 second ord]1 & s on4 ,broadly speak+1 !re are sev5 ma9 gr\ps1 or ord]s1 ! rat+ only apply+ to dioptric or catadioptric lights1 indicat+ ! b5d+ ( ! lum9\s rays 9 ! desir$ direction1 ei!r by refraction & reflection ?r\gh ! m$ium ( prisms1 or a comb9ation ( bo?4 ,actually !re is a di/9ction betwe5 ^! two1 ! true dioptric sy/em ref]r+ only to refraction1 :]e ! ray is b5t 9 ! desir$ direction by a glass ag5t1 kn[n z a 8refract+ prism40 ,9 ! catadioptric sy/em1 on ! o!r h&1 bo? me?ods are employ$1 s9ce ! prism p]=ms ! dual purpose ( reflect+ & refract+ ! rays4 ,h[ev]1 9 mod]n ligh?\se p>lance bo? are gr\p$ "u ! "o di/9ction 8dioptric40 ,! rat+ or classification ( ! lights v>ies accord+ to ! inside radius or focal di/ance ( ! l5s--9 o!r words1 ! di/ance f ! c5tre ( ! light to ! inn] surface ( ! l5s4 ,! ma9 gr\ps are z foll[s3 ,hyp]radial1 #a1ccj millimetres 7#ebc in*es7 focal di/ance4 #a/ ord]1 #ibj 0 7#cfb 0 7 0 #bnd 0 #gjj 0 7#bgf 0 7 0 #crd 0 #ejj 0 7#aig 0 7 0 #c 0 #cge 0 7#adg 0 7 0 #d? 0 #bej 0 7 #ih 0 7 0 #e? 0 #ahge 0 7 #gd 0 7 0 #f? 0 #aej 0 7 #ei 0 7 0 ,! mo/ p[]ful app>atus us$ to-day1 h[ev]1 is t kn[n z ! 8hyp]radiant10 & x is ! l>ge/ :i* has yet be5 devis$4 ,= ?is1 ligh?\se eng9e]+ is indebt$ to ,messrs4 ,/ev5son1 ! eng9e]s to ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses4 ,x 0 fir/ sugge/$ z f> back z #ahfi1 & exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out :i* emphasiz$ ! fact t su* an app>atus 0 requir$1 s9ce x 0 f\nd t :5 l>ge gas-burn]s 7 us$ mu* ( ! light 9 revolv+ app>atuses 0 out ( focus & escap$ cond5sation4 ,! ,scotti% eng9e]s !reupon sugge/$ t an app>atus %\ld be us$ hav+ a focal di/ance ( #a1ccj millimetres1 or #ebc in*es4 ,9 fact1 !y w5t f>!r & sugge/$ ev5 l>g] app>atuses1 b ?is idea has n matur$4 ,b x 0 n until #ahhe t ,messrs4 ,/ev5son _h su* a sy/em manufactur$1 & !n x 0 te/$ at ! ,s\? ,=el& beside ! p[]ful l5ses :i* _h j be5 built = ! new ,eddy/one & ! ,mew ,isl& ligh?\ses4 ,! m]its ( ! !ories advanc$ by ,messrs4 ,/ev5son 7 !n completely prov$1 = x 0 f\nd t ) a t5-r+ gas-burn] ! hyp]radiant app>atus ?rew a light ne>ly twice z p[]ful z t giv5 by ! rival l5ses ) ! same burn]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,,quadruple ,,fla%+ ,,app>atus3 ,,f\r ,,panels4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,at ! pres5t mom5t ! hyp]radiant is reg>d$ z ! ultima ?ule ( ligh?\se optical eng9e]+1 & ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bro!rs & ,co41 ( ,birm+ham1 h built "s v magnific5t app>atuses ( ?is ord]4 ,at pres5t !re are n m ?an a doz5 su* p[]ful lights 9 op]ation4 ,?ree are on ! ,engli% coa/1 at ,bi%op ,rock1 ,spurn ,po9t1 & ,r\nd ,isl&1 respectively2 two 9 ,scotl&1 at ,fair ,isle & ,sule ,sk]ry2 two 9 ,irel&1 at ,bull ,rock & ,tory ,isl&2 "o 9 ,france1 at ,cap d',antif]2 "o 9 ,*9a1 at ,pei ,yu-%an2 "o 9 ,india1 at ,manora ,po9t1 ,k>a*i2 & ! ,cape ,race light 9 ,newf\ndl&4 ,! hyp]radiant app>atus is a massive cage ( glass1 /&+ "s #ab feet 9 height1 &1 z may be suppos$1 is extremely exp5sive4 ,!re is ano!r po9t 9 ligh?\se optics :i* dem&s explanation4 ,?is is ! t]m 8div]g5ce10 :i* plays an important "p 9 ! duration ( ! fla%4 ,9 speak+ ab\t focus1 ! eng9e] foll[s some:at 9 ,euclid's foot/eps 9 reg>d to ! def9ition ( a po9t2 9 a way x is equally imag9>y4 ,! focal po9t does n mean ! :ole ( ! flame1 b ! c5tre ( ! lum9\s s\rce1 &1 z is obvi\s1 x is impossible to secure a flame )\t dim5sions4 ,x may be an att5uat$1 r\nd1 oval1 or fan-%ap$ light--! result is ! same4 ,! focal po9t is ! !oretical c5tre ( ! lum9\s s\rce1 & ! rays1 com+ f ! top1 sides1 & bottom ( ! flame _c come f ! true focus4 ,if !y did1 all ! light f "o panel w\ld be emitt$ 9 absolutely p>allel l9es1 & !re=e 9 a revolv+ app>atus ! beam w\ld pass any giv5 po9t on ! horizon 9 an inf9itely %ort p]iod ( "t--to be precise1 in/antane\sly4 ,b ! ex-focal rays ( ! flame1 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! l5s1 em]ge at an angle to ^? com+ f ! absolute c5tre1 s t ! :ole beam becomes 8div]g$10 & ?r[s a cone ( light f ! l5s4 ,consequ5tly ! beam occupies an appreciable p]iod ( "t 9 pass+ a giv5 po9t on ! horizon4 ,z may be suppos$1 ! intricate "* ( ! l5ses con/itut+ ! optical app>atus ( ! mod]n ligh?\se dem&s ! highe/ skill & inf9ite c>e 9 _! prep>ation1 :ile ! composition ( ! glass itself is a closely gu>d$ secret4 ,!re are less ?an half a doz5 firms 9 ! _w engag$ 9 ?is delicate & highly specializ$ "w1 ( :i* ,france claims ?ree1 ,g]many "o1 & ,great ,brita9 "o4 ,all ! ligh?\se au?orities ( ! v>i\s nations h to secure _! requirem5ts f "o or o!r ( ^! organizations4 ,! indu/ry comm5c$ 9 ,france1 & = _m ye>s ! ,fr5* reign$ supreme4 ,!n x contriv$ to make its entrance into ,engl&1 & 0 tak5 up by ! family ( ,*ance 9 ,birm+ham1 :o soon prov$ !mselves equal to _! ,fr5* lead]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,,r$ ,,& ,,:ite ,,fla%+ ,,app>atus4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,! ,briti% firm has e/abli%$ a unique reputation1 z x has be5 responsible = ! majority ( ! great lights ( ! _w1 "s ( :i* are n only ( huge dim5sions & weight1 b also ( novel =m4 ,! hyp]radial app>atuses :i* h be5 plac$ rec5tly 9 ! t[]s ( ,manora ,po9t & ,cape ,race probably rank z ! mo/ p[]ful & ! f9e/ 9 exi/5ce4 ,^! are us$ 9 conjunction ) ! petroleum vap\r inc&esc5t burn]4 ,! ,cape ,race light1 = in/ance1 comprises a revolv+ optic ( f\r panels1 subt5d+ a horizontal angle ( #ij degrees1 ) a v]tical angle ( #aba degrees4 ,ea* l5s comprises ! c5tral disc1 or bull's-eye1 ar\nd :i* are plac$ n9e r+s ( glass1 giv+ a total refract+ angle ( #eg degrees4 ,9 ord] to b5d ! v]tical rays into a horizontal pa? tw5ty-two catadioptric reflect+ prisms are dispos$ above ! l5s1 :ile bel[ are ?irte5 simil> prisms4 ,! total am\nt ( glass work$ into ! f\r panels is ab\t #f1gbj p\nds1 & ! prisms are m\nt$ 9 gun-metal frames1 :i* weigh approximately #d1hjj p\nds1 s t ! total weight ( ! glass portion & its m\nt+ alone1 /&+ "s #ab feet 9 height1 is ov] #aa1ejj p\nds4 ,! in/allation complet$ = ! equipm5t ( ! ,manora ,po9t ligh?\se1 ,k>a*i1 is v simil>4 ,9 "s cases ! dem& = a p[]ful light has be5 met ) a sy/em diff]+ f ! 8hyp]radiant40 ,! l5ses & respective gr\ps ( refractors are sup]impos$1 ea* ti] hav+ its individual burn] & flues = c>ry+ (f ! products ( combu/ion4 ,9 ?is way we h ! bi=m1 compris+ two su* panels arrang$ "o above ! o!r1 z 9 ! ,fa/net & ,eddy/one lights2 & ! quadri=m1 :]e9 f\r ti]s are built "o above ! o!r1 z in/all$ at ! ,mew ,isl& light 9 ,irel&4 ,! advantage ( ?is arrangem5t is t a beam ( great int5sity is secur$ ) a lant]n ( comp>atively small diamet]4 ,! ,fr5* au?orities adopt$ a modification ( ?is sy/em4 ,in/ead ( plac+ two l5ses & refractors "o above ! o!r1 !y rang$ !m side by side1 ! effect be+ analog\s to a c\ple ( squ9t+ eyes1 ! panels be+ p>allel & !re=e ?r[+ out p>allel beams4 ,b ^! adaptations h n come into ext5sive use1 z !y h be5 sup]s$$ by m simple means ( a*iev+ simil> requirem5ts ) an ev5 m p[]ful ray4 ,! hyp]radiant /&s z ! f9e/ type ( app>atus yet devis$1 & !re=e is employ$ :5 an extremely p[]ful light is requir$4 ,:ile ! design & arrangem5t ( ! optical app>atus is c]ta9ly a mo/ vital & delicate task1 ! m\nt+ !re( ^u a sub/antial support 9 su* a way t x may p]=m its "w ) ! highe/ effici5cy is equally imp]ative1 s9ce ! f9e/ app>atus might be v adv]sely affect$ by be+ improp]ly m\nt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--;,,app>atus ,,%[+ ,a ,,d\ble ,,fla%1 ,,foll[$ ,,by ,a ,,s+le ,,fla%4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,obvi\sly1 ow+ to ! great weight ( ! glass1 ! support mu/ be heavy & sub/antial4 ,a massive ca/-iron p$e/al is employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,:5 ! light is ( ! revolv+ "*1 means h to be incorporat$ to secure ! requisite rotation4 ,9 ! e>ly days ! turntable ^u :i* ! l5s is m\nt$ ran ^u roll]s1 b n[ a v mu* bett] sy/em is univ]sally employ$4 ,?is has be5 br\ght to a high /&>d ( p]fection by ,messrs4 ,*ance ( ,birm+ham1 :o h c>ri$ out unceas+ exp]im5ts 9 ?is field4 ,! objection to roll]s 0 ! enorm\s friction t 0 set up1 & ! great ef=t t 0 requir$1 n only to set ! l5ses revolv+1 b to keep !m rotat+ at a /eady pace4 ,9 ! mod]n app>atus ! roll]s are sup]s$$ by an iron tr\gh fill$ ) m]cury1 ^u :i* floats ! turntable c>ry+ ! l5ses4 ,:5 ! app>atus is prop]ly built & balanc$1 ! friction is s slight t ! turntable c be set 9 motion by ! little f+]1 not)/&+ t sev]al tons h to be mov$4 ,al?\gh ! optical "p ( ! app>atus floats ^u ! b$ ( quicksilv] 9 ! same way z a cork lifebelt floats ^u wat]1 x is provid$ ) roll]s :i* s]ve to hold ! :ole app>atus /eady & to ov]come any oscillation4 ,9 ! case ( an imm5se app>atus su* z a hyp]radiant l5s1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! turntable1 may h a total weight ( #ag1jjj p\nds1 an enorm\s quantity ( m]cury is requir$4 ,! tr\gh ( ! ,cape ,race hyp]radiant light c>ries #iej p\nds ( quicksilv]1 ^u :i* ! lant]n is float$4 ,9 su* an in/ance1 also1 ! p$e/al is a weighty "p ( ! app>atus1 repres5t+ 9 ?is case ab\t #bf1hjj p\nds1 s t ! complete app>atus utiliz$ to ?r[ ! #a1ajj1jjj c&le-p[] beam f ! gu>dian ( ! ,newf\ndl& coa/ aggregates1 :5 9 work+ ord]1 "s #dd1jjj p\nds1 or approximately #bj tons4 ,)9 ! base ( ! p$e/al is m\nt$ ! me*anism = rotat+ ! optical app>atus4 ,?is is ( ! clockwork type driv5 by a weight4 ,! latt] moves up & d[n a tube :i* ext5ds v]tically to a c]ta9 dep? ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! t[]4 ,! weight ( ! driv+ =ce & ! dep? ( its fall naturally v>y accord+ to ! "* ( ! light4 ,9 ! ,cape ,race light ! weight is ( #ijj p\nds1 & x falls #ad feet p] h\r4 ,simil>ly1 ! l5g? ( "t :i* ! clock w run on "o w9d+ fluctuates4 ,z a rule x requires to be rew\nd once e sixty or n9ety m9utes4 ,a long] run is n recomm5d$1 z x w\ld dem& a long] weight-tube1 :ile _m au?orities pref] ! frequ5t w9d+1 z ! man on duty is kept on ! al]t !reby4 ,z ! weight approa*es ! bottom ( its tube x sets an electric bell or gong 9 action1 :i* s]ves to w>n ! light-keep] t ! me*anism dem&s rew9d+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,,! ,,classification ,,( ,,lights1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,respective ,,radius ,,or ,,focal ,,di/ance ,,( ,,l5s ,,f #aej ,,to #a1ccj ,,millimetres4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,! weight & clockwork me*anism p]fect$ by ,messrs4 ,*ance is reg>d$ z "o ( ! be/ 9 s]vice4 ,! rotation is p]fect & ev51 ow+ to ! gov]n+ sy/em incorporat$1 :ile ! /eel wire c>ry+ ! weight is pref]able to ! *a91 :i* is subject to we> & is noisy 9 action4 ,9 ! ,*ance clockwork ge> ! weight is j suffici5t to />t ! app>atus f a /ate ( re/1 ! advantage ( su* a me?od be+ t1 %\ld ! app>atus be /opp$ 9 its revolution f any unt[>d incid5t1 x is able to re/>t itself4 ,( c\rse1 ! clockwork me*anism is requir$ only 9 ^? cases :]e ! l5ticul> app>atus has to be revolv$4 ,?is introduces ! "q ( avoid+ confusion betwe5 lights4 ,:5 beacons 7 fir/ br\ght into s]vice1 ! lights 7 ( ! fix$ type1 & ! navigator1 al?\gh w>n$ by ! gl>e to keep away f ! spot s m>k$1 0 giv5 no in=mation z to 8 position4 ,accord+ly1 ligh?\se eng9e]s s\ght to assi/ him 9 ?is direction dur+ ! blackness ( ! night by provid+ a ready visual means ( id5tification4 ,ow+ to ! +5uity :i* has be5 display$1 x has be5 r5d]$ possible to r+ ! *anges ^u a light v ext5sively4 ,^! may be subdivid$ broadly z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,type ( ,light4 ,symbol4 ,*>act]i/ics4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,fix$ ,f4 ,a /eady cont9u\s light4 ,fla%+ ,fl4 ,a revolv+ light %[+ a s+le fla% at regul> int]vals1 or a fix$ light ) total eclipses4 ,fix$ & fla%+ ,f4,fl4 ,a fix$ light v>i$ at regul> int]vals by a s+le fla% ( great] brilliancy4 ,gr\p fla%+ ,gp4,fl4 ,v>i\s comb9ations ( fla%es %[n at regul> int]vals4 ,occult+ ,occ4 ,a /eady light sudd5ly & totally eclips$ at regul> int]vals4 ,gr\p occult+ ,gp4,occ4 ,a /eady light sudd5ly & totally eclips$ by a gr\p ( two or m eclipses4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,9 ! =ego+ classifications only a :ite light is us$4 ,b x may s happ5 t ! ligh?\se1 ow+ to its position & ! dang]\s "* ( ! spot :i* x m>ks1 c>ries a light :i* *anges col\r f :ite to r$ or gre51 :i* are %[n alt]nately 9 v>i\s comb9ations4 ,^! *>act]i/ics are indicat$ z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,type ( ,light4 ,symbol4 ,*>act]i/ics4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,alt]nat+ ,alt4 ,:ite & col\r alt]nat+4 ,alt]nat+ ,alt4,fl4 ,fla%+ alt]nations by fla%+ revolv+ me*anism4 ,alt]nat+ fix$ ,alt4,f4,fl4 ,fix$ & fla%+ alt]nat+4 & fla%+ ,alt]nat+ gr\p ,alt4,gp4,fl4 ,gr\p fla%+ alt]nat+4 fla%+ ,alt]nat+ ,alt4,occ4 ,occult+ alt]nately ) occult+ :ite & col\r$ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,9 tim+ a revolv+ or fla%+ light1 ! cycle is tak5 f ! beg9n+ ( "o fla% to ! beg9n+ ( ! next4 ,9 ^! read+s ! fla% is always %ort] ?an ! duration ( ! eclipse1 :ile an occultation is %ort] ?an1 or equal to1 ! l5g? ( ! light int]val4 ,s9ce fla%+ & occult+ may be c>ri$ out ) a fix$ light sudd5ly ext+ui%$ or eclips$1 ! *>act]ization is det]m9$ solely accord+ to ! relative duration ( light & d>kness1 irrespective ( ! type ( app>atus employ$ or ! relative brilliancy4 ,!re is "o peculi>ity ( ! fla%+ light :i* may be rem>k$4 ,at %ort di/ances & 9 cle> wea!r a fa9t cont9u\s light may be %[n4 ,h& 9 h& ) ! developm5t ( ! optical app>atus has be5 ! wond]ful improvem5t 9 reg>d to ! illum9ants & ! me?ods ( produc+ a brilliant cle> flame4 ,! fuel fir/ us$ ^u ! introduction ( ! oil lamp 0 sp]m or colza oil1 ! =m] be+ obta9$ f ! :ale1 & ! latt] f se$s & a wild-cabbage4 ,bo? 7 v exp5sive1 s t ! ma9t5ance ( a light 0 co/ly--s mu* s t ! ,unit$ ,/ates au?orities devot$ _! ef=ts to ! p]fection ( a high-class l>d-oil4 ,?is prov$ highly satisfactory1 possess+ only "o drawback4 ,9 w9t] x congeal$ s mu* "u ! l[ temp]ature t x _h to be heat$ be=e x c\ld be plac$ 9 ! lamp2 b once ! light 0 set go+1 ! heat radiat$ f ! burn] s]v$ to keep ! oil suffici5tly fluid to enable x to m\nt ! wick to ! po9t ( combu/ion "u capill>y action4 ,s f> z ! ,am]ican au?orities 7 conc]n$1 ! advantages ( l>d-oil suffic$ to br+ a *eap] m$ium ?an colza-oil into vogue4 ,a company1 :i* _h be5 induc$ by ! ,gov]nm5t to in/all an elaborate & exp5sive plant = ! production ( colza-oil1 aft] prolong$ exp]im5t & ef=ts to r$uce ! co/ ( production1 ann\nc$ t x c\ld n compete ) ! l>d-oil1 & sugge/$ t ! latt] %\ld be employ$ 9 pref]5ce to ! colza4 ,! ,gov]nm5t agre$1 b1 to comp5sate ! company = its tr\ble1 pur*as$ ! plant :i* ! latt] _h laid d[n4 ,! advances 9 ! processes = ref9+ petroleum1 & ! exploitation ( ! ext5sive res\rces ( ! latt]1 l$ to 8e>?-oil10 9 "s =m or o!r1 be+ employ$ = ligh?\se purposes4 ,! attempt 0 facilitat$ by ! inv5tion & improvem5t ( ! ,arg& burn]1 :]eby a brilliant :ite annul> %eet ( flame is produc$4 ,v>i\s ligh?\se eng9e]s devot$ _! att5tion to ! improvem5t ( ?is burn] 9 conjunction ) p>aff94 ,_! results 7 completely successful1 & at la/ p>aff9 became univ]sally utiliz$ z ! *eape/ & mo/ effici5t illum9ant kn[n4 ,! g5]al me?od ( fe$+ ! lamps 0 to pump ! oil f a l[ level to ! burn]1 !reby produc+ practically a pressure-fe$ sy/em 9 pref]5ce to ! capill>y action :i* is us$ 9 ! ord9>y h\sehold lamp4 ,by increas+ ! numb] ( r+s ! int5sity ( ! flame 0 increas$1 until at la/ x 0 ?\ght t ) ?is developm5t p]fection _h be5 atta9$ s f> z lamps 7 conc]n$4 ,!n came ano!r radical revolution4 ,! inv5tion ( ! inc&esc5t gas mantle by ,dr4 von ,au]1 & ! complete *ange t x wr\ght 9 connection ) gas light+1 induc$ ligh?\se eng9e]s to exp]im5t 9 ?is field4 ,z !y c\ld n use coal-gas1 !y devot$ _! inve/igations to ! p]fection ( a gas f petroleum1 :i* %\ld be capable ( combu/ion ) ! inc&esc5t burn]4 ,_m ye>s 7 devot$ to ^! exp]im5ts1 & _m petroleum vap\r sy/ems 7 devis$4 ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n1 mo/ successful1 & mo/ sci5tifically p]fect1 is ! ,*ance inc&esc5t light4 ,?is burn] is us$ 9 _m ( ! mo/ p[]ful lights ( ! _w & has giv5 complete satisfaction4 ,! mantle v>ies 9 size ) ! size & type ( ! light1 rang+ f #ce to #he millimetres 9 diamet]1 ! latt]1 9 conjunction ) a hyp]radial app>atus1 produc+ a light exce$+ #a1jjj1jjj c&le-p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,! ,,hyp]radial ,,app>atus ,,= ,,! ,,manora ,,po9t ,,light1 ,,k>a*i1 ,,india4 ,( #a1ccj millimetres focus1 ?is is ! mo/ p[]ful & l>ge/ ligh?\se app>atus made4 ,n only 0 a f> m p[]ful light obta9$ 9 ?is mann] ) ! assi/ance ( ! petroleum vap\r burn] & inc&esc5t mantle1 b ! co/ ( ma9ta9+ ! light 0 r$uc$1 ow+ to ! great economy 9 oil consumption t 0 effect$ !reby1 ! l>ge/ mantle & burn]--#he millimetres--burn+ only #b p9ts ( oil p] h\r4 ,! light ?us obta9$1 :ile be+ va/ly sup]ior to t d]iv$ f a six-wick oil-burn]1 enables a sav+ ( ne>ly #dh1 or #bdj1 p] annum to be record$1 tak+ ! co/ ( ! petroleum at #as41 or #be c5ts1 p] gallon deliv]$ to ! ligh?\se4 ,:ile petroleum is g5]ally us$1 "s c\ntries h adopt$ o!r oil fuels = small p]man5t lights4 ,?us1 9 ,g]many compress$ oil-gas1 wat]-gas associat$ ) b5z9e vap\r1 & ,blau liquid gas1 are utiliz$4 ,! la/-nam$ is com+ v ext5sively into vogue1 also1 9 ,holl&1 ,d5m>k1 & ,au/ria4 ,blau gas has ! advantage t x c be transport$ 9 small /eel tanks "u extremely high pressure--up to #ajj atmosph]es1 or approximately #a1djj p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,x is an extract ( oil-gas produc$ at a l[ pressure 9 ! gas retorts1 & !n compress$ s sev]ely t x liquefies4 ,! fuel1 z x is drawn f ! cyl9d] 9 :i* x is /or$1 has ! pressure r$uc$ by means ( a valve1 s t x rea*es ! burn] 9 a gase\s =m at a pressure equival5t to t ( ! coal-gas us$ 9 private h\ses1 & is burn$ 9 ! same way ) an inc&esc5t mantle4 ,! advantage ( ?is me?od lies 9 ! facility ) :i* l>ge volumes ( gas may be transport$1 a /eel cyl9d] conta9+ #g1ejj cubic feet weigh+ only #acb p\nds4 ,x is also inexp5sive1 a bottle ( ! =ego+ capacity co/+ only #abs4 #f;d41 or #c4 ,9 "s cases ! inc&esc5t mantles1 ! av]age life ( :i* is ab\t a =tnight1 are ( l>ge diamet]1 runn+ up to #ajj millimetres1 or ab\t #d in*es4 ,rec5tly ,mr4 ,gu/af ,daln1 ( ! ,gas ,accumulator ,company ( ,/ockholm1 ! inv5tor ( ! ,daln fla%] & sun-valve1 :i* are describ$ else:]e1 has introduc$ a new illum9ant1 :i* is com+ into vogue1 especially on ! ,cont95t4 ,?is is call$ 8,dalngas10 & is a mixture ( #i p] c5t4 dissolv$ acetyl5e & #ia p] c5t4 atmosph]ic air4 ,"h ! dissolv$ acetyl5e gas is conduct$ f a /orage res]voir or high-pressure gas cyl9d]1 ( special con/ruction1 to a gov]nor1 :]e ! pressure is r$uc$1 & !n to ! mix+ app>atus1 :]e ! acetyl5e gas is associat$ ) ! air 9 ! above proportions4 ,! idea ( ?is comb9ation & me?od is to enable an acetyl5e gas mixture to be us$ ) ! ord9>y inc&esc5t mantles4 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,fir/ ,,ord] ,,triple ,,fla%+ ,,light ,,( #ibj ,,millimetres ,,focal ,,di/ance ,,= ,,*ilang ,,ligh?\se1 ,,*9a4 ,! advantage ( ! ,dalngas1 accord+ to pres5t exp]i5ce1 is ! increas$ c&le-p[] t is obta9able z comp>$ ) o!r sy/ems1 ! sup]iority be+ ab\t #ge p] c5t4 "u ord9>y conditions4 ,) ! l>ge/ ,fresnel l5ses a light+ p[] ( #bjj1jjj ,hefn] c&le-p[] is secur$1 :ile ) revolv+ l5ses ( ! late/ type a beam ( #c1jjj1jjj c&le-p[] c be obta9$4 ,! flame is small1 & ?us becomes conc5trat$ m 9 ! focus ( ! l5s1 s t ! div]g5ce ( ! light may be dim9i%$ if desir$4 ,:5 a light ( a c]ta9 range is to be in/all$1 ! optical app>atus c be made small] = ,dalngas ?an = o!r illum9ants1 & ! co/ is r$uc$ correspond+ly4 ,simil>ly1 if ! sy/em is introduc$ into an exi/+ light1 ! latt] c be made appreciably m p[]ful1 )\t *ang+ ! optical app>atus or affect+ ! div]g5ce4 ,9 ?is sy/em ! gas is conduct$ into ! l5s app>atus f above1 & ! light+ arrangem5t is q indep5d5t (1 & does n int]f]e 9 any way )1 ! revolv+ app>atus1 :ile ! "t sp5t 9 *ang+ ! mantle is less ?an half a m9ute4 ,all combu/ible gases1 mix$ ) air 9 c]ta9 proportions1 may produce m or less viol5t detonations :5 fir$4 ,b ! quantity ( mix$ gas 9 ?is in/ance is conf9$ 9 ! l5g? ( pip+ betwe5 ! burn] & ! mix+ app>atus1 & ?is quantity is s small t an explosion _c be dang]\s4 ,9 fact1 all su* dang] has be5 gu>d$ aga9/ completely--is1 inde$1 impossible 9 any circum/ances4 ,electric light has be5 adopt$ 9 "o or two cases2 b :ile ! =emo/ au?orities agree t x ?r[s ! be/1 mo/ brilliant & mo/ p[]ful beam ( light1 ! sy/em is g5]ally impracticable on acc\nt ( its great co/4 ,:5 te/s ) ?is light 7 made "s ye>s ago 9 comp>ison ) ! light ?r[n f oil burn]s1 x 0 claim$ t ! latt]1 ow+ to its r$di%-yell[ t+e1 0 ! mo/ suitable f ! all-r\nd po9t ( view1 & t x c\ld p5etrate to a great] di/ance 9 foggy wea!r4 ,i h be5 in=m$ by sev]al au?orities1 :o h gone m deeply into ?is "q s9ce1 t ?is is a fallacy1 & t ! advantage re/s completely ) electric light4 ,exp]i5ce 9 ,g]many1 :i* has two magnific5t electric ligh?\ses1 & 9 ,scotl&1 c]ta9ly supports ?is cont5tion1 & ,i h be5 assur$ t ! sole reason :y electric light+ has n be5 adopt$ m widely is ! heavy co/1 bo? ( in/allation & ( ma9t5ance4 ,:5 electric light+ is r5d]$ *eap] & is br\ght m to ! level ( exi/+ light+ arrangem5ts1 "o may expect ano!r complete *ange 9 ligh?\se practice4 ,9 ?is direction1 z expla9$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 ! ,g]mans h c>ri$ out practical exp]im5ts 9 _! *>act]i/ic mann]1 & h br\ght ! co/ ( ma9ta9+ a mo/ p[]ful electric light to ! m9imum4 ,"o v great advantage ( ! electric light is ! ease ) :i* ! p[] ( ! beam may be increas$ dur+ ?ick wea!r1 s z to secure p5etration to ! greate/ di/ance1 & decreas$ to suit easi] conditions 9 cle> wea!r4 ,?is po9t raises ! "q1 8,f h[ f> c a light be se5 out at sea80 ,?is factor is influ5c$ by climatic conditions1 & also by ! curvature ( ! e>?4 ,! high] ! light1 or ! spectator1 or bo?1 is elevat$ above ! wat]1 ! great] ! di/ance f :i* ! light c be se54 ,! table on p4 #eb1 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,alan ,/ev5son1 ! em95t ,scotti% ligh?\se eng9e]1 gives ! di/ances at :i* objects c be se5 at sea1 accord+ to ! respective elevations ( ! object & ! eye ( ! obs]v]4 ,= in/ance1 ! pass5g] on a l9] ! boat-deck ( :i* is #dj feet above ! wat]1 approa*+ ! ,engli% ,*annel1 w sight ! ,bi%op ,rock light f a di/ance ( ab\t #bb miles1 because ! focal plane--t is1 ! bull's-eye ( ! l5s--is #afc feet above ! wat]1 :i*1 accord+ to ! foll[+ table1 equals ab\t #ad miles1 to :i* mu/ be add$ ! height ( ! boat's deck1 #dj feet repres5t+ #gbe miles4 ,simil>ly1 ! ray ( ! ,belle ,ile light w come into view :5 ! vessel is #cb miles di/ant--height ( focal plane ( light1 #dgj feet #be miles1 eye ( obs]v] on bo>d ! l9]1 #de feet #gfi miles2 :ile ! ,naves9k light1 be+ #bdf feet above ! wat]1 may be pick$ up by ! capta9 ( a l9] f a di/ance ( #bh miles4 ,! range ( _m lights1 h[ev]1 ow+ to ! curvature ( ! e>?1 is greatly 9 excess ( _! geographical range1 & ) ! mo/ p[]ful lights ! gl>e ( ! lum9\s beams sweep+ ! cl\ds ov]head may be se5 = a full h\r or m be=e ! ray itself comes into view4 ,,table ,,( ,,di/ances ,,at ,,:i* ,,objects ,,c ,,be ,,se5 ,,at ,,sea1 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,respective ,,elevations ,,& ,,! ,,elevation ,,( ,,! ,,eye ,,( ,,! ,,obs]v]4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,heights 9 ,di/ances 9 ,di/ances 9 ,feet4 ,/atute or ,engli% ,geographical or ,miles4 ,nautical ,miles4 ---------------------------------------- --------- #e #bieh #befe #aj #dahd #cfbh #ae #eabc #dddc #bj #eiaf #eacj #be #ffad #egcf #cj #gbde #fbhc #ce #ghbf #fghg #dj #hcff #gbee #de #hhgd #gfif #ej #iced #haab #ee #ihaa #heji #fj #ajbdf #hhhf #fe #ajffe #ibdi #gj #aajfg #ieih #ge #aadef #iice #hj #aahcb #ajbfj #he #abaif #ajegj #ij #abedi #ajhhj #ie #abhic #aaahj #ajj #acbbh #aadgj #aaj #achgd #abjcj #abj #addij #abefj #acj #aejhc #acjhj #adj #aefeb #acegj #aej #afbja #adbbj #bjj #ahgjh #afbbj #bej #bjiaf #ahad #cjj #bbiab #aihg #cej #bdgdh #badf #djj #bfdeg #bbid #dej #bhjfb #bdcj #ejj #biehj #befe #eej #cajbd #bfij #fjj #cbdjc #bhaj #fej #ccgbf #bibe #gjj #cejjj #cjbh #hjj #cgdaf #cbde #ijj #cihcf #cded #a1jjj #dahcc #cfbh ---------------------------------------- --------- ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! 8,syr5 & ,%ipp+40 ,,look+ ,,up ,,! ,,lant]n ,,( ,,! ,,ne$les ,,ligh?\se4 ,s f> z ! c&le-p[] ( any light is conc]n$1 ! me?od ( det]m9+ ?is factor1 v>y+ accord+ to ! calculat+ me?ods adopt$1 is some:at mislead+4 ,s f> z ,great ,brita9 is conc]n$1 ! practice ( sett+ out ! c&le-p[] ( any light 9 ! (ficial li/ has be5 ab&on$1 ! au?orities m]ely /at+ t su* & su* a light is ( great p[]4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 on ! o!r h&1 indicate ! approximate c&le-p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,fix$ ,,app>atus ,,( ,,! ,,f\r? ,,ord] ,,= ,,s>awak4 ,! focal di/ance is #bej millimetres1 & ! diamet] ( lant]n inside glaz+ #f feet #g in*es4 ,by comb9+ & arrang+ ! integral p>ts ( ! optical app>atus1 ! ligh?\se eng9e] is able to accompli% _m a/oni%+ results4 ,?us1 :ile ! v>i\s types g5]ally foll[ accept$ broad l9es1 co9cid+ ) ! ord] :i* !y repres5t1 "h & !re "s v /rik+ div]g5ces are made4 ,! ,bell ,rock light is p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ example 9 ?is direction4 ,x 0 design$ by ,messrs4 ,d4 & ,t4 ,/ev5son1 & built by ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bro!rs & ,co4 ,! light is alt]nat+1 ! col\rs be+ :ite & r$4 ,ext]nally ! optical app>atus appe>s to be biz>re1 yet x is "o ( ! mo/ p]fect :i* has ev] be5 in/all$4 ,9 its design & con/ruction almo/ all ! kn[n ligh?\se optical elem5ts are incorporat$1 includ+ ! equiangul> refractor1 ! reflect+ prism1 ! d\ble-reflect+ prism1 & ! dioptric mirror4 ,ano!r notewor?y fact is t1 by an exce$+ly +5i\s arrangem5t1 ! absorption ( ! rays by ! glass us$ 9 produc+ ! r$ fla%es is neutraliz$ to su* a va/ degree t ! :ite & r$ fla%es are ( equal int5sity4 ,! subsidi>y light is ano!r /rik+ feature :i* ! ligh?\se eng9e] has introduc$4 ,= in/ance1 a light may be %[n f a dang]\s reef1 & give ! m>9] all ! w>n+ desir$4 ,b "s di/ance away may lurk ano!r isolat$ rock1 :i* x is j z imp]ative to indicate1 & yet on :i* ano!r t[] _c be erect$4 ,?is necessity is met by ! subsidi>y light4 ,a portion ( ! light f ! ma9 app>atus is deflect$ & ?r[n to ! desir$ spot by an +5i\s arrangem5t ( ! prisms4 ,on ! we/ coa/ ( ,scotl&1 at ,/orn[ay1 a /ream ( light us$ to be deflect$ f ! lant]n 9 a v]tical direction d[n ! t[]1 & !re b5t at "r angles1 to be ?r[n ?r\gh a l[] w9d[ & fall ^u a prism plac$ on ! cre/ ( a rock sev]al hundr$ feet di/ant4 ,f ! deck ( a vessel1 ! effect ( ! light /rik+ ! prism 0 ak9 to t produc$ by a beacon4 ,simil>ly 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e's light 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight3 a portion ( ! light1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be wa/$ ov] ! area on ! l&w>d side1 is c>ri$ v]tically d[n ! t[] by a disposal ( l5ses & prisms1 & is project$ horizontally ?r\gh a small w9d[1 aft] be+ col\r$ into a r$ ray by pass+ ?r\gh "s glass ( ! desir$ t9t1 to m>k a dang] spot "s di/ance away4 ,?is me?od1 h[ev]1 is n fav\r$ n[1 z ! p]il c be m effici5tly m>k$ by means ( an indep5d5t beacon1 a sy/em :i* has become feasible ow+ to ! va/ improvem5ts t h be5 made 9 automatic lights requir+ no att5tion = sev]al weeks or mon?s at a "t4 ,b 9 ^? in/ances :]e ! latt] exp$i5t is n adopt$1 ! practice is to cov] ! dang] ) a ray ?r[n f an entirely diff]5t light4 ,:5 ! pres5t ,eddy/one t[] 0 complet$1 a 8l[-light room10 z x is call$1 0 incorporat$1 & a l[-p[]$ light 0 ?r[n f two ,arg& burn]s & reflectors ?r\gh a w9d[ to m>k a dang]\s reef "s ?ree miles di/ant4 ,b p]haps ! be/ example ( a subsidi>y light is t :i* 0 c>ri$ out by ,messrs4 ,*ance 9 connection ) ! ,cap de ,c\$ie ligh?\se4 ,9 ?is in/ance two dang]s _h to be indicat$ 9 a subsidi>y mann]1 "o be+ cov]$ ) a r$1 ! o!r ) a gre51 ray4 ,! r$ sector m>ks a dang] spot kn[n z ,lipson's ,reef1 ly+ #h miles di/ant1 :ile ! gre5 light indicates ,casu>9a ,isl&1 #a miles away4 ,?is in/allation1 x may be po9t$ out1 has prov$ highly successful1 & c]ta9ly is v economical4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,,! ,,means ,,:]eby ,,! ,,rays ,,are ,,deflect$ ,,f ,,! ,,ma9 ,,light ,,to ,,=m ,a ,,subsidi>y ,,light4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 & ,co41 ,ltd47 ,!re is ano!r po9t :i* des]ves m5tion--! duration ( ! fla% 9 a revolv+ light4 ,!re 0 consid]able discussion & diff]5ce ( op9ion ^u ?is "q "s ye>s ago4 ,x 0 ma9ta9$ t ! %ort] ! duration ( ! fla%1 & ! m rapidly x 7 ?r[n1 ! bett] x w\ld be = ! m>9]4 ,! ,scotti% eng9e]s realiz$ ! significance ( ?is problem1 &1 despite ! ho/ile criticism ( contempor>y eng9e]s1 adopt$ a specific pr9ciple :i* 0 to give a fla% ( two & ?ree-qu>t] seconds' duration4 ,subsequ5tly x 0 r$uc$ to "o second4 ,! introduction ( ! m]cury float enabl$ ! optical app>atus to be revolv$ fa/]1 & also facilitat$ ! r$uction 9 ! numb] ( panels or faces1 s t ultimately ! ,scotti% eng9e]s r$uc$ ! fla% to "o ( f\r-t5?s ( a second4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,b\rdelles devis$ ! m]cury float :i* enabl$ rotation to be accel]at$1 ! ,fr5* au?orities ru%$ to ! opposite extreme4 ,!y r$uc$ ! faces to f\r1 & arrang$ = ! app>atus to be revolv$ at a high spe$1 s t ! duration ( ! fla% 0 only "o-t5? ( a second at rapidly-recurr+ int]vals4 ,?is type ( light 0 call$ ! feu-clair1 & 0 adopt$ z a result ( prolong$ laboratory inve/igation4 ,b ?is 0 an in/ance :]e laboratory exp]im5ts & sci5tific reason+ fail$ to g h& 9 glove ) practical exp]i5ce & navigation1 :]e ! m>9] has to cont5d ) all sorts & conditions ( wea!r4 ,! seaf>] express$ 8 op9ion ( ! "o-t5? ( a second fla% 9 uncomplim5t>y t]ms1 display+ an indiff]5t appreciation ( artificially-produc$ %eet-lightn+4 ,ev5tually !re 0 a g5]al agreem5t1 among all ^? c\ntries :i* _h inve/igat$ ! problem closely1 t a fla% ( ab\t ?ree-t5?s ( a second 0 ! mo/ satisfactory1 & ?is has s9ce become tacitly /&>diz$4 ,! ,fr5* au?orities recogniz$ ! fallacy ( _! idea1 & soon came into l9e ) ! o!r c\ntries4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,fog-,,signals ,not)/&+ ! wond]ful +5uity t is display$ 9 ! conc5tration ( light into p[]ful beams1 ^! all c\nt = no?+ :5 fog settles ^u ! sea4 ,! ray ( #a1jjj1jjj c&le-p[] is almo/ z futile !n z ! glimm] f a tall[ dip4 ,fog is ! p]il ( ! sea :i* ! m>9] dreads m ?an any o!r4 ,! blanket ( mi/1 desc5d+ ^u ! wat]1 n only %uts ev]y?+ f sight1 b dead5s e s\nd z well4 ,! sea is absolutely calm1 s t no intimation ( dang] ahead is convey$ by ! break+ ( ! waves ^u rock1 %oal1 s&bank1 or iron-b\nd coa/4 ,x is 9 times ( fog t ! navigator mu/ be giv5 ! greate/ protection4 ,z ?is is impossible to accompli% visually1 appeal mu/ be made to 8 e>4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ligh?\se eng9e]+ ! me?ods ( convey+ audible w>n+ 7 v crude4 ,! dis*>ge ( a gun 0 ! mo/ popul>1 b x 0 nei!r s]viceable nor reliable1 & 0 made ^u some:at haphaz>d l9es4 ,?us1 9 ! case ( a dang]\s headl& on ! ,nor? ,am]ican coa/1 :i* ! ,bo/on /eam] _h to r\nd on its j\rney1 ! keep]s m\nt$ gu>d at ! probable "t ( ! vessel's arrival (f ?is po9t4 ,!y li/5$ eag]ly = ! /eam]'s :i/le1 & :5 x came scream+ ov] ! wat] !y began hurri$ly fir+ a c>ronade1 keep+ up ! blank-c>tridge bomb>dm5t until ano!r %riek told !m t ^? on ! vessel _h he>d _! signals4 ,sometimes ! :i/le 0 he>d f a di/ance ( six miles2 at o!rs f n m ?an two miles away4 ,x dep5d$ ^u circum/ances4 ,obvi\sly1 su* a primitive sy/em 0 att5d$ ) consid]able dang]1 z an accid5t 0 liable to happ5 to ! m5 9 _! fev]i% ha/e to load & dis*>ge ! gun1 :ile ! plight ( ! boat 0 f> f be+ enviable at times4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 ,co41 ,ltd4 ,a ,,mod]n ,,ligh?\se ,,sir5 ,,plant4 ,%[+ gas eng9es & air-compressors 9 duplicate1 ) sir5 at side4 ,9 ! e>ly days e ligh?\se t[] 0 provid$ ) a heavy bell4 ,inde$1 ! pond]\s dome ( metal project+ f ! lant]n gall]y 0 consid]$ indisp5sable4 ,! bell v>i$ 9 weight f #a1bjj to #b1bdj p\nds1 0 fitt$ ) a massive clapp]1 & :5 /ruck emitt$ a deep musical note4 ,9 ord] to enable ! seaf>] to ga9 "s idea ( 8 :]eab\ts1 ! fog-signals 7 giv5 a s\nd-*>act]i/ic some:at ^u ! l9es ( ^? 9 connection ) ! light4 ,?us1 "o ligh?\se w\ld give "o /roke e t5 seconds2 ano!r w\ld give two /rokes 9 quick succession1 foll[$ by a long sil5ce1 & s on4 ,?is sy/em suff]s f ! sev]e h&icap t ! s\nd does n travel v f> dur+ foggy wea!r4 ,ano!r +5i\s eng9e] recomm5d$ ! utilization ( ! locomotive :i/le1 giv+ a high-ton$1 e>-pi]c+ %riek1 b ! same objection z att5d$ ! use ( ! bell prevail$3 ! s\nd c\ld n be he>d m ?an a %ort di/ance away4 ,! ,briti% ligh?\se au?orities submitt$ ! idea to a s]ies ( se>*+ inve/igations to asc]ta9 its possibilities1 b ev5tually 7 compell$ to conclude t x 0 n sup]ior to1 if z good z1 ! o!r sy/ems !n 9 vogue4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates au?orities1 z a result ( _! indep5d5t exp]im5ts1 express$ a simil> op9ion2 b 9 ,canada practical application gave ?is :i/le a fav\rable v]dict4 ,rockets also h be5 adopt$1 & are highly successful4 ,inde$1 ?is me?od ( convey+ audible w>n+ prevails /ill 9 _m c\ntries4 ,! practicability ( su* a means ( ?r[+ s\nd ov] a wide area 0 advanc$ by ,sir ,ri*>d ,coll9son1 :5 ,deputy-,ma/] ( ,tr9ity ,h\se1 & 8 idea compris$ ! ins]tion ( a gun-cotton *>ge1 tim$ to explode at a giv5 height1 9 ! head ( ! rocket4 ,! height c\ld be v>i$ up to ab\t #a1jjj feet1 & ! weight ( ! *>ge fluctuat$ accord+ to requirem5ts4 ,! rocket sy/em 0 te/$ v sev]ely1 & 9 "s in/ances ! report 0 he>d z _m z tw5ty-five miles away4 ,x receiv$ ! approbation ( ,pr(essor ,tyndall1 &1 al?\gh sup]ior me?ods ( signall+ h be5 devis$ s9ce1 !re rema9 "o or two ligh?\se /ations :]e x is consid]$ to be ! mo/ satisfactory fog-signall+ device1 notably ! /ation on ! isl& ( ,heligol&1 :]e ! rocket is hurl$ into ! air to explode at a height ( ne>ly #gjj feet4 ,9 _m ligh?\ses ! detonation ( gun-cotton con/itutes ! means ( convey+ w>n+ to pass+ vessels1 b is accompli%$ 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,! *>ge1 in/ead ( be+ s5t into ! air to be explod$1 is atta*$ to a special device :i* is support$ ^u a simple frame at a po9t above ! lant]n1 s t no damage may be inflict$ ^u ! glass ( ! latt] f ! concussion4 ,! app>atus is fitt$ ) a safety device :i* prev5ts premature explosion1 s t ! keep] is pres]v$ f p]sonal injury1 &1 unless culpable neglig5ce is manife/$1 ! *>ge _c be ignit$ until x has be5 rais$ to its design$ position4 ,! report is ( great volume1 & z a rule c be he>d a consid]able di/ance2 b 9 ?is1 z 9 all o!r cases1 ! atmosph]e plays _m /range tricks4 ,/ill1 x has n be5 sup]s$$ yet = isolat$ sea-rock ligh?\ses1 su* z ! ,eddy/one1 ,sk]ryvore1 & ,bell ,rock1 :]e !re is lack ( adequate space = ! in/allation ( any o!r equally effici5t fog-signall+ facilities4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,paul1 ,p5zance4 ,,! ,,sir5s ,,( ,,! ,,liz>d4 ,ow+ to ! importance ( ! ,liz>d ,/ation & ! fact t ! coa/ (t5 is obscur$ by fog1 a p[]ful fog-signall+ /ation is imp]ative4 ,9 ! e>ly sev5ties an ,am]ican inve/igator1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,l4 ,daboll1 contriv$ an entirely new sy/em1 :i* develop$ into ! f\ndation ( "o ( ! mo/ successful fog-signall+ devices = ligh?\ses :i* has be5 discov]$--! sir54 ,! ,daboll inv5tion 0 a huge trumpet1 recall+ a mammo? phonograph horn4 ,x 0 #ag feet 9 l5g?1 & its m\? 0 #ch in*es 9 diamet]4 ,9 ! l[] end ( ?is trumpet--! ?roat--0 plac$ a tongue ( /eel measur+ #aj in*es 9 l5g? & secur$ at "o end to =m a re$4 ,x 0 bl[n by air compress$ 9 a res]voir to ! desir$ degree1 & !n p]mitt$ to escape ?r\gh ! trumpet4 ,! mad ru% ( ! exp&+ air ?r\gh ! con/rict$ passage set ! re$ vibrat+ viol5tly1 caus+ ! emission ( a p5etrat+1 discordant bell[4 ,:5 ,daboll comm5c$ 8 exp]im5ts1 he suff]$ f ! lack ( a suitable me*anical means = compress+ ! air1 & made %ift ) a donkey = ?is purpose until ! hot-air eng9e 0 improv$1 :5 ! latt] 0 sub/itut$4 ,tr9ity ,h\se adopt$ ! idea & f\nd x s]viceable2 b ! ,canadian au?orities1 aft] f\r ye>s' exp]im5t1 diss5t$ f ?is view1 rem>k+ t ! trumpet 0 exp5sive to ma9ta91 unreliable 9 work+1 & liable to break d[n :5 mo/ urg5tly ne$$4 ,9 fact1 !y *>act]iz$ ! ,daboll trumpets :i* !y _h in/all$ z 8s\rces ( dang] in/ead ( aids to navigation40 ,f ! trumpet to ! sir5 0 n a v big /ep4 ,! hi/ory ( ! latt]'s inv5tion is some:at obscure1 b x 0 br\ght be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t 9 a primitive =m4 ,! ,am]ican eng9e]s1 recogniz+ its lat5t possibilities1 took x up1 & endeav\r$ to improve x to su* a degree z to r5d] x suitable = ligh?\se "w4 ,_! ef=ts 7 only p>tially successful4 ,! solution ( ! _m difficulties att5d+ its p]fection 0 effect$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by ,pr(essor ,fr$]ick ,hale ,holmes1 ^: magneto-electric ma*9e br\ght electricity )9 rea* ( ! ligh?\se z an illum9ant1 & x 0 due to ! ef=ts ( ?is sci5ti/ t ! sir5 became "o ( ! mo/ effici5t s\nd-produc+ in/rum5ts :i* h be5 discov]$ = ?is class ( "w4 ,! reason t made ,pr(essor ,holmes br+ 8 en]gies & k to be> ^u ?is subject 0 some:at curi\s4 ,! sir5 9 its fir/ =m made its way f ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ,great ,brita94 ,! ,briti% ,admiralty realiz$ ! p[] & p5etration ( its s\nd1 & =?) adopt$ x 9 ! navy1 op]at+ x by /eam in/ead ( by air4 ,at ?is !re arose a great outcry f ! m]cantile m>9e4 ,capta9s argu$ t ! simil>ity ( ! signals confus$ & (t5 misl$ !m1 z !y c\ld n tell 9 ! fog :e!r ! s\nd proce$$ f a w>%ip or a ligh?\se4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,trade 0 =c$ to int]v5e1 b1 z x _h no jurisdiction ov] ! ,admiralty1 x s\ght to extricate itself f an awkw>d situation by invit+ ,pr(essor ,holmes to p]fect a sir5 :i* w\ld emit a di/9ctive s\nd4 ,8 ef=ts 7 cr[n$ ) complete success4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--,,! ,,fix$ 7,a7 ,,& ,,revolv+ 7,b7 ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,sir54 ,pr(essor ,holmes exhibit$ 8 wond]ful device at ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #ahfg4 ,he in/all$ x 9 work+ ord]1 & ! visitors display$ an anxiety to he> x4 ,x 0 br\ght into action1 & ^? ar\nd nev] =got ! exp]i5ce4 ,x 0 ! mo/ diabolical e>-splitt+ noise :i* _h be5 he>d1 &1 appreh5sive t s]i\s results might arise f its demon/ration :5 ! build+s 7 ?rong$ ) sight-se]s1 ! au?orities refus$ to p]mit x to be s\nd$ aga94 ,! humor\s illu/rat$ pap]s did n suff] su* a gold5 opportunity to escape4 ,grotesque & laughable c>toons appe>$ depict+ ! curi\s effects produc$ by ! bla/ ( ! in/rum5t1 "o %[+ ! v>i\s /atues be+ fright5$ (f _! p$e/als prov+ exceptionally popul>4 ,! sir5 9 its simple/ =m is an enl>g$ edition ( ! 8,devil9e0 toy :i/le4 ,!re is a ,daboll trumpet ) a small ?roat1 9 :i* is plac$ horizontally1 n a re$1 b a metal disc1 s z to fill ! :ole circul> space ( ! ?roat4 ,! %eet ( metal is pi]c$ ) a numb] ( radial slits4 ,beh9d ?is disc is a second plate ( a simil> "*1 & likewise pi]c$ ) radial slits ( ! same size1 %ape & numb]2 b :]eas ! fir/ disc is fix$1 ! second is m\nt$ on a sp9dle4 ,! free disc rotates at high spe$1 s t ! twelve jets ( air :i* are driv5 ?r\gh ! ?roat are int]rupt$ int]mitt5tly by ! blanks ( ! revolv+ disc com+ ov] ! op5+s 9 ! fix$ disc1 :ile :5 ! two slits are 9 l9e ! air has a free passage4 ,if ! revolv+ disc completes #c1jjj revolutions p] m9ute1 & !re are twelve slits 9 ! discs1 !n a total ( #cf1jjj vibrations p] m9ute is produc$ :ile ! in/rum5t is 9 op]ation4 ,! spe$ ( ! revolv+ disc1 z well z ! numb] & size ( ! op5+s1 v>ies accord+ to ! size & class ( ! sir52 b 9 any case an int5sely p[]ful1 d5se & p5etrat+ musical tone is emitt$1 :i* c be he>d a consid]able di/ance away4 ,! bla/ ( a high-p[]$ l>ge sir5 has be5 he>d at a di/ance ( tw5ty to ?irty miles 9 cle> wea!r1 ?\gh ( c\rse 9 ?ick wea!r its range is r$uc$4 ,:ile ,pr(essor ,holmes 0 exp]im5t+ ) ?is device1 ano!r inve/igator1 ,mr4 ,slight1 ( ,tr9ity ,h\se1 0 wre/l+ ) ! same problem4 ,inde$1 he may be describ$ z ! inv5tor ( ! mod]n sir54 ,al?\gh he effect$ only an app>5tly slight modification1 x 0 ! t\* :i* r5d]$ ! in/rum5t p]fect1 :ile x also remov$ ! possibility ( a breakd[n at a critical mom5t1 z he r5d]$ ! mov+ "p fre] 9 its work+ & elim9at$ ! sev]e /ra9s to :i* x 0 subject$4 ,! improvem5t 0 appreciat$ by ,pr(essor ,holmes1 :o adopt$ x imm$iately4 ,:ile ^! indefatigable ef=ts 7 9 progress1 +5i\s attempts 7 made to press ,nature h]self into op]ation4 ,z is well kn[n1 !re are _m 8bl[+-holes0 di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 :]e ! wat] by erosion has produc$ a long1 n>r[ cav]n 9 ! base ( a rock1 ) a con/rict$ outlet into ! out] air4 ,! waves1 ru%+ into ! cave1 compress ! air )91 :i*1 9 its escape at high velocity ?r\gh ! small v5t1 produces a bell[+ s\nd4 ,x 0 ?is curi\s ph5om5on :i* gave ! ,wolf ,rock its "n4 ,g5]al ,h>tmann ,ba*e1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,eng9e]s1 attempt$ 9 #aheh to make use ( a bl[+-hole on "o ( ! ,f>allon ,isles1 ly+ =ty miles (f ! entrance to ,san ,francisco ,bay4 ,a *imney 0 built ) bricks above ! orifice1 ?r\gh :i* ! air compress$ by ! waves bel[ made its escape1 & on top ( ?is %aft a locomotive :i/le 0 plac$4 ,! fir/ ef=t 0 a dead failure1 because ! =ce ( ! ru% ( air 0 s great t x c>ri$ away ! *imney2 b 9 ! second attempt success 0 a*iev$1 & an excell5t automatic :i/le bl>$ out night & day almo/ cont9u\sly & 0 audible = "s di/ance out to sea4 ,! only drawback 0 t 9 foggy wea!r1 :5 ! mo/ int5se s\nd 0 requir$1 ! signal 0 dumb ow+ to ! smoo?ness ( ! wat]4 ,?is novel signal 0 ma9ta9$ = "s "t & !n 0 sup]s$$ by a p[]ful sir54 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ fog-signall+ in/allations 9 s]vice is t on ! bald =midable hump ( rock ly+ 9 ! e/u>y ( ! ,clyde1 kn[n z ,ailsa ,craig4 ,= ye>s ?is rock con/itut$ a t]rible m5ace to ! cr[d$ %ipp+ ( ?is important m>9e ?or\ghf>e1 & its victims 7 num]\s4 ,:ile ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses mitigat$ its t]rors z f> z possible by ! provision ( a p[]ful light1 !y recogniz$ ! fact t a visual w>n+ did n meet ! situation completely4 ,b ! in/allation ( a fog-signal 0 a some:at peculi> problem1 ow+ to ! configuration ( ! rock4 ,a s+le /ation w\ld n meet requirem5ts1 because x 0 necess>y to ?r[ ! w>n+ f bo? sides ( ! ob/ruction4 ,! provision ( two s\nd-/ations w\ld h be5 an exp5sive matt]1 ev5 if x _h be5 feasible1 :i* x 0 n1 ow+ to ! precipit\s nature ( ! cliffs4 ,an +5i\s solution 0 advanc$ by ,mr4 ,*>les ,+rey1 ,c4,e4 ,he propos$ to erect a c5tral p[]-/ation & to control ! s\nd+ ( two sir5s1 plac$ on opposite sides ( ! isl&1 !refrom1 ! compress$ air be+ l$ ?r\gh und]gr\nd pip+4 ,! plans 7 submitt$ to ,messrs4 ,/ev5son1 ! eng9e]s to ! ,nor!rn ,ligh?\se ,bo>d1 :o1 aft] exam9+ ! proposal ?or\ghly1 gave x _! approval4 ,b :5 x came to obta9+ ! sanction = ! requisite exp5diture f ! ,bo>d ( ,trade1 t augu/ body1 despite ! fact t ! project _h be5 inve/igat$ & _h receiv$ ! approbation ( ! eng9e]s to ! ,nor!rn ,ligh?\se ,commission]s1 decl9$ to p]mit public money to be exp5d$ ^u an untri$ s*eme4 ,su* is ! way 9 :i* pione]+ ef=t & +5uity are /ifl$ by ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,acetyl5e ,,fog-,,gun4 ,! late/ +5i\s device = giv+ bo? audible & visual w>n+ automatically4 ,_m ano!r eng9e] w\ld h ab&on$ ! project aft] su* a rebuff1 b ,mr4 ,+rey )\t any delay laid d[n a complete in/allation ^u ! l9es he contemplat$ on ! isl& ( ,pladda1 :]e a ,holmes fog-horn 0 9 s]vice4 ,) ! aid ( a workman :om he took f ,glasg[1 ! light-keep]s & "s f>m lab\r]s1 ?is trial in/allation 0 complet$1 ! pip+ be+ c>ri$ r\nd ! isl& f ! air-compress+ plant to ! fog-signal4 ,! "w occupi$ ab\t a =tnight1 & !n1 ev]y?+ be+ ready to conv9ce ! sceptical ,bo>d ( ,trade1 ! inspect+ eng9e]s 7 treat$ to a compreh5sive & conclusive demon/ration4 ,!y 7 satisfi$ ) :at !y saw1 appreciat$ ! reliability ( ! idea & gave ! requisite sanction4 ,=?) ! ,ailsa ,craig ,isl& in/allation 0 put 9 h& & duly complet$4 ,?is plant possesses _m +5i\s features4 ,z ! light is d]iv$ f gas di/ill$ f crude oil1 a small gas-mak+ plant is in/all$ on ! isl&1 & ?is is us$ also = driv+ a batt]y ( five eight-horse-p[] gas-eng9es--f\r are us$ at a "t1 ! fif? be+ 9 res]ve--to supply ! ?irty-horse-p[] dem&$ to op]ate ! fog-signal4 ,! en]gy ?us develop$ drives two sets ( p[]ful air-compressors1 ! f\r cyl9d]s ( :i* h a bore ( #aj in*es by a /roke ( #bj in*es1 ! air be+ compress$ to #hj p\nds p] squ>e in* & /or$ 9 two l>ge air-receiv]s :i* hold #aid cubic feet4 ,f ?is res]voir pipes buri$ 9 a tr5* excavat$ f ! solid rock ext5d to ! two trumpets1 plac$ on ! nor? & s\? sides ( ! isl& respectively4 ,! l5g? ( pip+ on ! nor? side is #c1djj feet1 & on ! s\? side #b1ejj feet4 ,at places :]e ! pipe makes a dip1 ow+ to ! configuration ( ! rock1 facilities are provid$ to draw (f any wat] :i* may collect4 ,extreme c>e _h to be display$ 9 connect+ ! l5g?s ( pip+1 s t !re might be no leakage1 9 :i* ev5t1 ( c\rse1 ! pressure ( ! air w\ld drop & !reby incapacitate ! signal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,rattray ,,head ,,ligh?\se4 ,a v expos$ ,scotti% rock t[]4 ,x is unique because a full-p[]$ sir5 fog-signal is in/all$ !re94 ,ea* signal is m\nt$ 9 a dom$ h\se built ( concrete1 ! m\? ( ! trumpet ext5d+ f ! cr[n ( ! ro(4 ,)9 ! h\se is an air-receiv] #i feet 9 height by #d feet 9 diamet]1 ( ab\t #adj cubic feet capacity1 :i* receives ! compress$ air transmitt$ ?r\gh ! pip+ f ! compress+-/ation4 ,x also conta9s ! automatic app>atus :]eby ! signal is br\ght into action at ! /ipulat$ int]vals1 s z to produce ! requisite s\nd *>act]i/ic4 ,?is is a self-w9d+ clockwork me*anism :i* admits & cuts (f ! supply ( air to ! trumpets1 its *ief feature be+ t ! clock is w\nd up by ! compress$ air itself1 s t x is entirely free f human control4 ,h[ev]1 z a breakd[n ev5 ) ! be/-design$ & mo/-c>efully-t5d$ ma*9]y _c be circumv5t$ entirely1 !re is a duplicate electrical me*anism1 also automatically controll$ f ! p[]-g5]at+ /ation1 ! electric cables = :i* are laid 9 ! pipe tr5*es4 ,?is acts z an em]g5cy control4 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,d4 & ,c4 ,/ev5son4 ,,sule ,,sk]ry ,,light4 ,a lonely light ( ,scotl&4 ,! ne>e/ l& is ! ,butt ( ,lewis1 #cj miles di/ant4 ,! two signals are n s\nd$ simultane\sly2 nei!r are !y alike nor ( ! same tone4 ,! nor? signal gives a s+le bla/ ( high tone1 la/+ five seconds1 & !n is sil5t = #age seconds4 ,on ! s\? side ! sir5 gives a d\ble note1 al?\gh !re are ?ree bla/s--viz41 high1 l[1 high--correspond+ to ! lett] ,r ( ! ,morse code4 ,! notes are s\nd$ = two seconds1 ) simil> int]v5+ p]iods ( sil5ce1 & sil5ce = #agj seconds betwe5 ! gr\ps4 ,! complete signal f ! two /ations is giv5 once 9 ?ree m9utes1 ! nor? signal comm5c+ to s\nd n9ety seconds aft] ! s\? signal has ceas$4 ,! high note corresponds to ! f\r? ,e 9 ! musical compass1 !re be+ #ch1djj vibrations p] m9ute2 :ile ! l[ note is tun$ to ! ?ird ,d 9 ! musical compass1 ) #af1hjj vibrations p] m9ute4 ,! notes are purposely tim$ m ?an an octave ap>t & made discordant1 z !reby ! s\nd is m likely to attract att5tion & to be readily di/+ui%$4 ,ab\t eighte5 m9utes are requir$ to br+ ! app>atus into op]ation--t is1 to />t compress+ & to raise ! pressure ( ! air to ! requisite degree--b1 z fogs desc5d ^u ! ,clyde ) />tl+ sudd5ness1 ! signals may be />t$ )9 five m9utes ( ! fog-al>m4 ,! air-res]voirs are kept *>g$ to ! work+ pressure1 ! ma*9]y be+ run once or twice = a %ort "t e week = ?is purpose & to keep ! plant 9 work+ ord]4 ,up to ?is "t x _h be5 ! practice to place ! sir5 9 close proximity to ! air-compress+ ma*9]y1 b ! in/allation at ,ailsa ,craig proves conclusively t ?is is n ess5tial to success2 also x demon/rates ! fact t a numb] ( signals c be op]at$ reliably & effectively f a c5tral /ation4 ,inde$1 ?is ,scotti% plant ar\s$ su* widespread int]e/ t ! ,pulsomet] ,eng9e]+ ,company ( ,read+1 :o _h acquir$ ,pr(essor ,holmes's pat5ts & :o c>ri$ out ! above in/allation1 receiv$ sev]al inquiries f abroad ) reg>d to its suitability = simil> situations4 ,9 "o in/ance ! compress$ air 0 to be transmitt$ = a di/ance ( ne>ly f\r miles4 ,:ile ! sir5 has be5 adopt$ & f\nd adequate by ! majority ( nations1 ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t has in/all$ a f> m p[]ful in/rum5t ^u ! ,riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 z ! ord9>y sir5 signals orig9ally e/abli%$ ne> ! m\? ( ! riv]1 al?\gh ( great p[]1 7 f\nd to be inadequate4 ,! new app>atus1 :i* is kn[n z ! 8diaphone10 gives an extraord9>ily p[]ful s\nd4 ,x comprises a cyl9drical *amb]1 9 ! walls ( :i* are cut a numb] ( p>allel slits4 ,conc5trically dispos$ )9 ! *amb] is a cyl9drical holl[ pi/on1 ) simil> slits & a flange at "o end1 ! :ole be+ enclos$ 9 an out] cas+4 ,air "u pressure is admitt$ into ! out] cas+1 & drives ! pi/on backw>ds & =w>ds ) great rapidity4 ,! result is t ! air effects its escape ?r\gh ! orifices1 :5 !y come into l9e1 9 int]mitt5t puffs4 ,:ile ! broad pr9ciple is n unlike t ( ! conv5tional sir51 ! ma9 diff]5ce is t 9 ! latt] !re is a rot>y motion1 :]eas 9 ! diaphone ! action is reciprocat+4 ,! great advantage ( ! latt] is t all ! vibrations are syn*ron\s1 ow+ to ! symmetrical disposition ( ! slits1 & consequ5tly ! note produc$ is v pure4 ,! me*anism is s devis$ t ! pi/on's motion is controll$ to a nicety1 & ! s\nd is con/ant4 ,exp]i5ce has prov$ t ! be/ results are obta9$ by us+ air at a pressure ( #cj p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,! s\nd ?us produc$ is int5sifi$ to a m>k$ly great] degree by means ( a resonator prop]ly attun$4 ,?is in/rum5t has displac$ ! sir5 among ! /ations ^u ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv]4 ,! g5]al type ( app>atus has a pi/on #d in*es 9 diamet]1 & uses #aa p\nds ( air p] second dur+ ! s\nd+ ( ! bla/4 ,b at m important /ations a f> l>g] & m p[]ful class ( app>atus is us$1 ! diaphone at ,cape ,race hav+ a pi/on #h in*es 9 diamet] & us+ #bg feet ( air p] second :ile s\nd+4 ,?is does n indicate ! limit ( size1 h[ev]1 s9ce ! build]s ( ?is t]rible noise-produc] are exp]im5t+ ) an app>atus hav+ a pi/on #ad in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! s\nd issu+ f su* a huge app>atus w\ld be almo/ z deaf5+ z ! report ( a big gun & %\ld succe$ 9 w>n+ a m>9] sev]al miles away4 ,! atmosph]e1 h[ev]1 plays _m /range pranks ) ! mo/ p[]ful s\nd-produc+ in/rum5ts4 ,to-day1 = in/ance1 a fog-signal may be he>d at a di/ance ( t5 miles2 to-morr[ x w fail to be audible m ?an a mile away4 ,?is ab]ration ( s\nd is extraord9>y & con/itutes "o ( ! unsolv$ problems ( sci5ce4 ,innum]able inve/igations h be5 made ) ! object ( f9d+ ! cause ( ?is erratic action1 b no conclusive explanation has be5 =?com+4 ,ano!r /range trick is t1 :ile a s\nd may be audible at di/ances ( two & f\r miles dur+ a fog1 x fails to /rike ! e> at ?ree miles4 ,x is z if ! s\nd /ruck ! wat] at a range ( two miles1 b\nd$ high into ! air1 & aga9 fell ^u ! wat] at f\r miles1 giv+ a second leap to hit ! wat] aga9 f>!r on1 9 mu* ! same way z a ?9 flat /one1 :5 ?r[n horizontally into ! wat]1 w hop1 skip1 & jump ov] ! surface4 ,?is trick r5d]s ! task ( ! ligh?\se eng9e] additionally exasp]at+ & taxes 8 +5uity to ! utmo/1 z x appe>s to baffle completely any attempt t[>ds its elim9ation4 ,rec5tly ano!r +5i\s & novel sy/em has be5 p]fect$ by ,messrs4 ,d4 & ,c4 ,/ev5son4 ,?is is an acetyl5e gun :i* acts automatically4 ,hi!rto an unatt5d$ fog-signal--except ! bell-buoy toll$ by ! movem5t ( ! waves1 :i* is f> f satisfactory1 or ! :i/l+ buoy1 :i* is op]at$ ^u ! same l9es & is equally ineffective except at v %ort range--has f\nd little fav\r4 ,! objections to ! bell & :i/le buoys are ! fa9tness ( ! s\nds1 :i* may be dr[n$ by ! noises produc$ on ! %ip h]self2 :ile1 if ! w9d is bl[+ away f ! vessel1 %e may pass )9 a few feet ( ! signal1 yet outside its range4 ,?us x w be recogniz$ t ! fog-gun s]ves to fill a v important gap 9 connection ) ! w>n+ ( seaf>]s dur+ ?ick wea!r4 ,z is well kn[n1 ev5 a small *>ge ( acetyl5e1 :5 fir$1 w produce a l\d report1 & ?is *>act]i/ic ( ! gas induc$ ,messrs4 ,/ev5son to apply x to a fog-signal4 ,!y h develop$ ! automatic acetyl5e sy/em ( light+ to a v high degree ar\nd ! coa/s ( ,scotl&1 & !re are n[ m ?an tw5ty lights ( ?is class1 mo/ly unatt5d$1 9 op]ation1 "s ( :i* h be5 e/abli%$ = _m ye>s4 ,^! lights h prov$ highly satisfactory4 ,!re has nev] be5 an accid5t1 a fre$om :i* is due to ! fact t ,moye's sy/em is us$1 :]e9 ! possibilities ( mi%ap are surm\nt$ v effectively4 ,accord+ly1 ! eng9e]s saw no reason :y a simil> sy/em %\ld n be adapt$ to ! emission ( s\nd in/ead ( light signals1 or1 if desir$1 ( bo? simultane\sly4 ,_! exp]im5ts h be5 cr[n$ ) complete success1 &1 z ! gun uses no m gas ?an w\ld be consum$ if a fla%+ light sy/em 7 us$1 ! co/ ( op]ation is v l[4 ,! g5]al features ( ! acetyl5e fog-gun may be obs]v$ f ! illu/ration 7fac+ p4 #fd74 ,! acetyl5e1 dissolv$ 9 acetone1 is conta9$ "u pressure 9 a cyl9d]1 & !nce passes ?r\gh a r$uc+ valve to an annul> space1 :]e x is ignit$ by an electric sp>k4 ,a trumpet is atta*$ to ! fir+ *amb]1 s t ! s\nd becomes int5sifi$4 ,if desir$1 ! explosion c be effect$ at ! burn]1 s t1 9 addition to a s\nd-signal1 a fla%+ light is giv54 ,! applications v>y accord+ to ! circum/ances4 ,suppose !re is an unlight$ bell-buoy at ! b> ( a port4 ,"h ! proc$ure is to in/all a gun & light comb9$1 s t ! fla% ( ! explosion may give visual & ! report audible w>n+4 ,or1 %\ld !re be a light$ buoy already 9 position1 its effectiv5ess may be enhanc$ by add+ ! gun1 ! detonation alone be+ employ$ = w>n+ purposes4 ,! size ( ! cyl9d] conta9+ ! dissolv$ acetyl5e may be v>i$1 s t r5ewal ne$ only be c>ri$ out once 9 "o1 two1 or m mon?s1 accord+ to conditions4 ,if ! increas+ traffic ar\nd a c]ta9 rock dem& t ! latt] %\ld be m>k$1 a comb9$ s\nd & light app>atus c be in/all$4 ,x may be t ! head ( a pi] :i* is accessible only at c]ta9 times1 or a beacon :i* c be rea*$ only at r>e int]vals1 may require improv$ facilities4 ,9 ?is case ! gun c be set up & a cable laid to a conv5i5t spot :i* may be approa*$ at all times by an att5dant4 ,!n ! latt]1 by ! movem5t ( a swit*1 c br+ ! gun in/antly into action ^u ! al>m ( fog1 & x w keep fir+ at ! set int]vals until1 ! fog lift+1 ! gun is swit*$ (f4 ,9 "s cases1 :]e ! app>atus is set ^u a lonely rock1 a subm>9e cable may be laid betwe5 ! m>k$ po9t & ! control-/ation4 ,! cable is n a v co/ly addition4 ,!re are _m lights :]e wages h to be paid m]ely = a man to br+ ! fog-signall+ bell ma*9]y into action4 ,9 su* cases a fog-gun c be in/all$ & ! annual co/ ( ma9t5ance decreas$ enorm\sly1 !reby enabl+ ! outlay on ! gun to be rec\p$ )9 a v %ort "t2 :ile ! light may be improv$ by us+ ! fla%es1 s t ! w>n+ c be r5d]$ m di/9ctive4 ,! inv5tion is also applicable to light%ips1 _m ( :i* are mann$ by f\r m5 or m at a l>ge co/ p] annum4 ,9 ! majority ( cases an unatt5d$ ,/ev5son light%ip--su* z describ$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 six ( :i* are 9 use ar\nd ! coa/s ( ,scotl&1 & :i* give1 n only a fir/-class light1 b1 by ! aid ( ! fog-signal gun1 c be made to give an excell5t fog-signal z well--(f]s a means ( r$uc+ ! heavy ma9t5ance *>ges aris+ 9 connection ) a mann$ light-vessel4 ,9 _m in/ances exi/+ light%ips c be conv]t$ to ! automatic sy/em & complet$ by ! gun4 ,ea* case mu/1 ( c\rse1 be decid$ ^u its m]its z reg>ds ! "t ! gun & light are requir$ to "w ^u a s+le *>ge ( acetyl5e1 b !re are no insup]able ob/acles to its utilization4 ,( c\rse1 9 an isolat$ /ation ly+ p]haps "s miles (f ! ma9l&1 x may be necess>y to keep ! gun go+ night & day 9 fog & 9 cle> wea!r alike4 ,9 ?is case1 naturally1 ! great numb] ( explosions involves consid]able exp5se2 b ! inv5tors are c>ry+ out exp]im5ts ) a view to swit*+ ! gun on & (f1 z requir$1 f a di/ant po9t by means ( wireless telegraphy1 s z to effect a sav+ 9 ! exp5diture ( acetyl5e :5 !re is no ne$ on acc\nt ( f9e wea!r to keep ! gun go+4 ,/ill1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t ! detonations ev5 dur+ cle> wea!r are altoge!r abortive1 inasmu* z a s\nd-signal at sea1 :]e ! atmosph]e has a long-di/ance-c>ry+ capacity z a rule1 9 conjunction ) a light1 draws d\ble att5tion to a dang] spot4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! wa/e ( acetyl5e gas dur+ p]iods ( cle> wea!r is m app>5t ?an real4 ,! conte/ aga9/ ! elem5ts is /ill be+ wag$1 & sl[ly b surely eng9e]+ sci5ce is improv+ its position1 & is hopeful ( r5d]+ audible signals z completely effective z ^? ( a visual "*4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,eddy/one ,,ligh?\se ,x is d\btful :e!r ! "n ( any ligh?\se is s famili> ?r\gh\t ! ,engli%-speak+ _w z ! 8,eddy/one40 ,c]ta9ly no o!r 8pill> ( fire by night1 ( cl\d by day10 c (f] s romantic a /ory ( dogg$ eng9e]+ p]sev]ance1 ( he>tr5d+ disappo9tm5ts1 disa/]1 bla/$ hopes1 & brilliant success4 ,/&+ out 9 ! ,engli% ,*annel1 ab\t sixty miles ea/ ( ! ,liz>d1 is a /raggl+ ridge ( rocks :i* /ret*es = hundr$s ( y>ds across ! m>9e ?or\ghf>e1 & also ob/ructs ! we/]n approa* to ,plym\? ,h>b\r4 ,b at a po9t "s n9e & a half miles s\? ( ,rame ,head1 on ! ma9l&1 ! reef rises some:at abruptly to ! surface1 s t at l[-wat] two or ?ree ugly granite knots are b>$1 :i* tell only too poignantly ! complete de/ruction !y c\ld wreak ^u a vessel :i* _h ! tem]ity or ! ill luck to scrape ov] !m at high-tide4 ,ev5 9 ! calme/ wea!r ! sea curls & eddies vici\sly ar\nd ^! /ones2 h5ce ! "n 8,eddy/ones0 is d]iv$4 ,f ! days :5 trad+ vessels fir/ us$ ! ,engli% ,*annel ! reef has be5 a spot ( evil fame4 ,h[ _m %ips escap$ ! p]ils & dang]s ( ! sev5 seas only to come to grief on ?is ridge )9 sight ( home1 or h[ _m lives h be5 lo/ ^u x1 w nev] be kn[n4 ,only ! m /agg]+ holocau/s1 su* z ! wreck ( ! ,w9*elsea1 /& out prom95tly 9 ! annals ( hi/ory1 b ^! s]ve to emphasize ! t]rible "* ( ! m5ace (f]$4 ,! port ( ,plym\?1 z may be suppos$1 suff]$ ) especial sev]ity4 ,z ,briti% ov]seas traffic exp&$1 ! idea ( indicat+ ! spot = ! b5efit ( vessels 0 discuss$4 ,! fir/ practical sugge/ion 0 put =w>d ab\t ! ye> #affd1 b ?irty-two ye>s elaps$ be=e any attempt 0 made to r$uce !ory to practice4 ,!n an ecc5tric ,engli% c\ntry g5tleman1 ,h5ry ,w9/anley1 :o dabbl$ 9 me*anical eng9e]+ ^u unor?odox l9es1 came =w>d & (f]$ to build a ligh?\se ^u ! t]rible rock4 ,^? :o knew ?is ambiti\s amateur 7 dubi\s ( 8 success1 & wond]$ :at manife/ation 8 ecc5tricity w\ld assume on ?is occasion4 ,nor 0 _! scepticism entirely misplac$4 ,w9/anley rais$ ! mo/ fanta/ic ligh?\se :i* has ev] be5 kn[n1 & :i* w\ld h be5 m at home 9 a ,*9ese cemet]y ?an 9 ! ,engli% ,*annel4 ,x 0 wr\ght 9 wood & mo/ lavi%ly embelli%$ ) c>v+s & gild+4 ,f\r ye>s 7 occupi$ 9 its con/ruction1 & ! t[] 0 an*or$ to ! rock by means ( long1 heavy irons4 ,! light1 m]ely a flick]1 fla%$ out f ?is t[] 9 #afii & = ! fir/ "t ! proximity ( ! ,eddy/ones 0 indicat$ all r\nd ! horizon by night4 ,w9/anley's critics 7 r free 9 express+ _! op9ion t ! t[] w\ld come d[n ) ! fir/ s\'-we/]1 b ! ecc5tric build] 0 s int5sely pr\d ( 8 a*ievem5t z to v5ture ! /atem5t t x w\ld resi/ ! fi]ce/ gale t ev] blew1 &1 :5 su* did occur1 he hop$ t he might be 9 ! t[] at ! "t4 ,fate gratifi$ 8 wi%1 = :ile he 0 on ! rock 9 ! ye> #agjc "o ( ! mo/ t]rible tempe/s t ev] h assail$ ! coa/s ( ,brita9 gripp$ ! /ructure1 tore x up by ! roots1 & hurl$ x into ! ,*annel1 :]e x 0 batt]$ to pieces1 its design] & five keep]s go+ d[n ) ! wreck4 ,:5 ! inhabitants ( ,plym\?1 hav+ va9ly scann$ ! horizon = a sign ( ! t[] on ! foll[+ morn+1 put (f to ! rock to inve/igate1 !y f\nd only ! b5t & twi/$ iron rods by :i* ! t[] _h be5 held 9 position project+ m\rnfully into ! air f ! rock-face4 ,%ortly aft] ! demolition ( ! t[]1 ! reef1 z if enrag$ at hav+ be5 d5i$ a numb] ( victims ow+ to ! exi/5ce ( ! w>n+ light1 trapp$ ! ,w9*elsea z %e 0 sw++ up ,*annel1 & sma%$ h] to atoms1 ) enorm\s loss ( life4 ,al?\gh ! fir/ attempt to conqu] ! ,eddy/one _h t]m9at$ s disa/r\sly1 x 0 n long be=e ano!r ef=t 0 made to m>k ! reef4 ,! build] ?is "t 0 a ,corni% lab\r]'s son1 ,john ,rudy]d1 :o _h e/abli%$ himself 9 bus9ess on ,ludgate ,hill z a silk-m]c]4 ,9 8 y\? he _h /udi$ civil eng9e]+1 b 8 fri5ds _h small op9ion ( 8 abilities 9 ?is craft4 ,h[ev]1 he attack$ ! problem boldly1 &1 al?\gh 8 t[] 0 a pla91 bus9ess-look+ /ructure1 x w\ld h be5 impossible to conceive a design capable ( meet+ ! peculi> requirem5ts ( ! situation m effici5tly4 ,x 0 a cone1 wr\ght 9 timb]1 built ^u a /one & wood f\ndation an*or$ to ! rock1 & ( great weight & /r5g?4 ,! top ( ! cone 0 cut (f to p]mit ! lant]n to be set 9 position4 ,! result 0 t ext]nally ! t[] resembl$ ! trunk ( an oak-tree1 & appe>$ to be j ab\t z /rong4 ,x (f]$ ! m9imum ( resi/ance to ! waves1 :i*1 tumbl+ ^u ! l$ge1 rose & curl$ ar\nd ! tap]+ =m )\t />t+ a timb]4 ,rudy]d1 inde$1 may be consid]$ to be ! fa!r ( ! sci5ce ( mod]n ligh?\se design+1 because ! l9es t he evolv$ h nev] be5 sup]s$$ = expos$ positions ev5 9 ^! days ( advanc$ eng9e]+ sci5ce1 great] con/ructional facilities1 & improv$ mat]ials4 ,rudy]d's +5uity & skill receiv$ a triumphant v9dication :5 ! ,am]ican eng9e]s set out to build ! ,m9ot's ,l$ge & ,spectacle ,reef ligh?\ses1 inasmu* z ^! m5 foll[$ slavi%ly 9 ! l9es he laid d[n1 & _! a*ievem5ts are numb]$ among ! great ligh?\ses ( ! _w to-day4 ,rudy]d built 8 t[] ) inf9ite c>e1 al?\gh he 0 h>ass$ 9 8 op]ations by ! depr$ations ( ,fr5* private]s1 :o haunt$ ?is "p ( ! ,briti% coa/4 ,on "o occasion ! :ole ( ! m5 7 surpris$ :ile at _! "w1 & 7 borne (f 9 triumph z prison]s ( w> to ,france4 ,l\is ,,xiv41 h[ev]1 he>d ( ! capture1 & ! private]s1 in/ead ( be+ hon\r$ = ! cat*1 z !y anticipat$1 7 /rongly reprim&$ & compell$ to release _! captures4 8,_! "w is = ! b5efit ( all nations4 ,i am at w> ) ,engl&1 n ) humanity10 0 ! ,sov]eign's comm5t2 & by way ( comp5sation ! prison]s 7 load$ ) pres5ts & reconvey$ to ! rock1 to resume _! toil4 ,= =ty ye>s ,rudy]d's /ructure defi$ ! elem5ts1 & probably w\ld h be5 /&+ to ?is day _h x n possess$ "o weak po9t4 ,x 0 built ( wood in/ead ( /one4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 a fire broke out 9 ! lant]n on ,decemb] #d1 #agee1 ! flames1 fann$ by ! breeze1 rapidly made _! way d[nw>ds4 ,! keep]s 7 impot5t & s\ght :at refuge !y c\ld f9d "u project+ crags bel[1 z ! lead :i* _h be5 employ$ 9 con/ruction melt$ into drops & ra9$ d[n on all sides1 s t ! un=tunate m5 7 expos$ to ano!r & m al>m+ dang]4 ,9 fact1 "o man1 :ile wat*+ ! progress ( ! fire1 0 dr5*$ ) a %[] ( molt5 metal1 "s ( :i*1 he decl>$1 _h ent]$ 8 op5 m\? & _h p5etrat$ into 8 /oma*4 ,:5 rescu$ he 0 wri?+ 9 fe>ful agony1 b 8 /ory 0 receiv$ ) incr$ulity1 8 comrades believ+ t ! exp]i5ce _h turn$ 8 bra9 & t ?is 0 m]ely "o ( 8 delusions4 ,:5 ! man di$1 a po/-mortem exam9ation 0 made1 & ! doctors discov]$ ample corroboration ( ! man's /ory 9 ! =m ( a lump ( lead weigh+ "s sev5 ounces6 ,no "t 0 lo/ 9 erect+ ano!r t[] on ! rock1 = n[ x 0 m imp]ative ?an ev] t ! reef %\ld be light$ adequately4 ,! ?ird eng9e] 0 ,john ,smeaton1 :o fir/ l&$ on ! rock to make ! surveys on ,april #e1 #agef4 ,he 0 able to /ay !re = only two & a qu>t] h\rs be=e ! ris+ tide drove him (f1 b 9 t brief p]iod he _h complet$ ! "w necess>y to ! prep>ation ( 8 design4 ,wood _h succumb$ to ! attacks ( tempe/ & ( fire 9 turn4 ,he w\ld use a mat]ial :i* w\ld defy bo?--,portl& /one4 ,he also introduc$ a slight *ange 9 ! design = su* /ructures1 & "o :i* has be5 univ]sally copi$1 produc+ ! graceful =m ( ligh?\se ) :i* ev]yone is s famili>4 ,in/ead ( caus+ ! sides to slope upw>ds 9 ! /raight l9es ( a cone1 su* z ,rudy]d adopt$1 ,smeaton pref]r$ a slightly concave curve1 s t ! t[] 0 giv5 a wai/ at ab\t half its height4 ,he also select$ ! oak-tree z 8 guide1 b "o hav+ an ext5sive spread ( bran*es1 :]e9 w be f\nd a %ape 9 ! trunk1 s f> z ! broad l9es are conc]n$1 :i* co9cides ) ! =m ( ,smeaton's ligh?\se4 ,he *ose a f\ndation :]e ! rock %elv$ gradually to its highe/ po9t1 & dropp$ v]tically into ! wat] ^u ! opposite side4 ,! face ( ! rock 0 r\ghly trimm$ to p]mit ! f\ndation-/ones ( ! t[] to be laid4 ,! base ( ! build+ 0 p]fectly solid to ! entrance level1 & ea* /one 0 dovetail$ securely into its neighb\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,paul1 ,p5zance4 ,,! ,,eddy/one1 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,fam\s ,,ligh?\se ,,( ,,engl&4 ,to ! "r is ! /ump ( ,smeaton's hi/oric t[]4 ,f ! entrance1 :i* 0 ab\t #ae feet above high-wat]1 a c5tral well1 "s #e feet 9 diamet]1 conta9+ a /aircase1 l$ to ! /or]oom1 ne>ly #cj feet above high-wat]4 ,above ?is 0 a second /or]oom1 a liv+-room z ! ?ird floor1 & ! b$room b5ea? ! lant]n4 ,! light 0 plac$ ab\t #gb feet above high-wat]1 & compris$ a c&elabra hav+ two r+s1 "o small] ?an1 & plac$ )91 ! o!r1 b rais$ ab\t a foot above its level1 ! two be+ held firmly 9 position by means ( *a9s susp5d$ f ! ro( & secur$ to ! floor4 ,! r+s 7 adapt$ to receive tw5ty-f\r lights1 ea* c&le weigh+ ab\t #b ounces4 ,ev5 c&le manufacture 0 9 its infancy 9 ^? days1 & p]iodically ! keep]s _h to ent] ! lant]n to snuff ! wicks4 ,9 ord] to keep ! wat*]s ( ! lights on ! al]t1 ,smeaton in/all$ a clock ( ! gr&fa!r patt]n 9 ! t[]1 & fitt$ x ) a gong1 :i* /ruck e half-h\r to apprise ! m5 ( ^! duties4 ,?is clock is n[ "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ relics 9 ! museum at ,tr9ity ,h\se4 ,! fir/ /one ( ! t[] 0 laid on a ,sunday 9 ,june1 #ageg1 z ! date on ! block indicates2 & al?\gh "w _h to be pursu$ fitfully & = only a few h\rs at a "t betwe5 ! tides1 9 ! e>ly /ages1 ,smeaton seiz$ e opportunity (f]$ by ! w9d & sea to pu% ! task =w>d4 ,= f\r ye>s ! m5 slav$ ^u ! rock1 &1 al?\gh ! me*anical h&l+ appliances ( ^? days 7 primitive1 ! t[] 0 complet$ )\t a s+le mi%ap4 ,! solidity ( ! /ructure1 & its l9es1 :i*1 z ! eng9e] /at$1 w\ld (f] ! m9imum ( resi/ance to ! ,atlantic roll]s1 b at ! same "t w\ld insure ! utmo/ /ability1 ar\s$ widespread admiration1 = x 0 felt t ! eng9e] _h triumph$ ov] ,nature at la/4 ,_m p express$ a desire to see h[ ! t[] w\ld wea!r su* a /orm z c>ri$ away ,w9/anley's freaki% build+1 especially z1 9 a ro>+ s\'-we/]1 ! waves hurl$ !mselves ^u ! l$ge to wrea! & curl upw>ds to a po9t f> above ! dome1 blott+ ! light f sight4 ,! supreme te/ came 9 #agfb1 :5 ! ligh?\se 0 subject$ to a batt]+ & p\nd+ f> heavi] ?an any t x _h previ\sly kn[n4 ,b ! t[] em]g$ f ?is ordeal unsca!d1 & ,smeaton's "w 0 accept$ z invuln]able4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,paul1 ,p5zance4 ,a ,,?rill+ ,,exp]i5ce4 ,l&+ ^u ! ,eddy/one by ! crane rope dur+ a r\gh sea4 ,! ligh?\se _h be5 /&+ = #abj ye>s1 :5 om9\s reports 7 receiv$ by ! ,tr9ity ,bre?r5 conc]n+ ! /ability ( ! t[]4 ,! keep]s /at$ t dur+ sev]e /orms ! build+ %ook al>m+ly4 ,a m9ute inspection ( ! /ructure 0 made1 & x 0 f\nd t1 al?\gh ! "w ( ,smeaton's masons 0 above reproa*1 "t & wea!r _h left _! m>k4 ,! t[] 0 becom+ decrepit4 ,! b9d+ cem5t _h decay$1 & ! air imprison$ & compress$ )9 ! int]/ices by ! waves 0 dis9tegrat+ ! /ructure sl[ly b surely4 ,:ile !re 0 no occasion to appreh5d a sudd5 collapse1 /ill x 0 consid]$ advisable to take precaution>y measures 9 "t4 ,un=tunately1 x 0 n feasible to /r5g!n ,smeaton's t[] s adequately z to give x a new lease ( life1 :ile ligh?\se eng9e]+ _h made rapid /rides 9 c]ta9 details s9ce x 0 complet$4 ,ano!r factor to be consid]$ 0 ! desire = a m elevat$ light1 capable ( ?r[+ its rays to a great] di/ance4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x 0 decid$ to build a new t[] on ano!r conv5i5t l$ge1 =m+ "p ( ! ma9 reef1 ab\t #abj feet di/ant4 ,sir ,james ,d\glass1 ! ,eng9e]-9-,*ief to ,tr9ity ,h\se1 complet$ ! designs & p]sonally sup]9t5d$ _! execution4 ,! ,smeaton l9es 7 tak5 z a basis1 ) "o important exception4 ,in/ead ( ! curve comm5c+ at ! f\ndations1 ! latt] compris$ a p]fect cyl9drical monoli? ( masonry #bb feet 9 height by #dd feet 9 diamet]4 ,f ?is base ! t[] spr+s to a height :i* br+s ! focal plane #acj feet above ! highe/ spr+-tides4 ,! top ( ! base is #cj in*es above high-wat]1 & ! t[]'s diamet] at ?is po9t be+ less ?an t ( its pl9?1 ! set-(f =ms an excell5t l&+-/age :5 ! wea!r p]mits4 ,! site select$ = ! ,d\glass t[] be+ l[] ?an t *os5 by ,smeaton1 ! initial "w 0 m exact+1 z ! duration ( ! work+ p]iod 0 r$uc$4 ,! rock1 be+ gneiss1 0 extremely t\gh1 & ! prelim9>y qu>ry+ op]ations = ! f\ndation-/ones :i* _h to be sunk into ! rock 7 t$i\s & difficult1 especially z ! work+ area 0 limit$4 ,ea* /one 0 dovetail$1 n only to its neighb\r on ei!r side1 b bel[ & above z well4 ,! f\ndation-/ones 7 dovetail$ into ! reef1 & 7 secur$ /ill fur!r by ! aid ( two bolts1 ea* #a in*es 9 diamet]1 :i* 7 pass$ ?r\gh ! /one & sunk deeply into ! rock bel[4 ,! expos$ position ( ! reef enabl$ "w to be cont9u$ only fitfully dur+ ! calme/ wea!r1 = (t5 :5 w9d & sea 7 quiet ! rock 0 inaccessible ow+ to ! swell4 ,^u ! approa* ( bad wea!r ev]y?+ 0 made fa/ "u ! direct sup]vision ( ! eng9e]--a man :o took no *ances4 ,f ! set-(f ! t[] is solid to a height ( #be feet1 except = two fre%-wat] tanks sunk 9 ! floor ( ! entrance-room1 :i* hold #d1gjj gallons4 ,at ?is po9t ! walls are no less ?an #h feet ?ick1 & ! heavy teak door is protect$ by an out] door ( gun-metal1 weigh+ a ton1 bo? ( :i* are clos$ dur+ r\gh wea!r4 ,! t[] has eight floors1 exclusive ( ! entrance2 !re are two oilrooms1 "o above ! o!r1 hold+ #d1cjj gallons ( oil1 above :i* is a coal & /ore room1 foll[$ by a second /or]oom4 ,outside ! t[] at ?is level is a crane1 by :i* supplies are hoi/$1 & :i* also facilitates ! l&+ & emb>kation ( ! keep]s1 :o are swung ?r\gh ! air 9 a /irrup atta*$ to ! crane rope4 ,!n 9 turn come ! liv+-room1 ! 8l[-light0 room1 b$room1 s]vice-room1 & f9ally ! lant]n4 ,= ! erection ( ! t[]1 #b1aga blocks ( granite1 :i* 7 previ\sly fitt$ tempor>ily 9 _! respective positions on %ore1 & none ( :i* weigh$ less ?an #b tons1 7 us$4 ,:5 ! "w 0 comm5c$1 ! eng9e] e/imat$ t ! task w\ld occupy five ye>s1 b on ,may #ah1 #ahhb1 ! lamp 0 light$ by ! ,duke ( ,ed9burgh1 ! ,ma/] ( ,tr9ity ,h\se at ! "t1 ! ent]prise hav+ occupi$ only f\r ye>s4 ,"s idea may ?us be obta9$ ( ! en]gy ) :i* ! lab\r 0 press$ =w>d1 once ! mo/ try+ sections 7 ov]come4 ,:]eas ! =m] lights on ?is rock _h be5 ( ! fix$ type1 a di/9ctive d\ble fla% 0 n[ introduc$4 ,! optical app>atus is ( ! bi=m dioptric type1 emitt+ a beam ( "s #cjj1jjj c&le-p[] int5sity1 :i* is visible = sev5te5 miles4 ,9 addition to ?is measure ( w>n+1 two p[]ful ,arg& burn]s1 ) reflectors1 7 set up 9 ! l[-light room = ! purpose ( ?r[+ a fix$ ray f a po9t #dj feet bel[ ! ma9 fla%+ beam1 to m>k a dang]\s reef ly+ #c miles to ! nor?-we/1 kn[n z ,h& ,deeps4 ,:5 ! new t[] 0 complet$ & br\ght into s]vice1 ! ,smeaton build+ 0 demoli%$4 ,?is task 0 c>ri$ out ) extreme c>e1 inasmu* z ! citiz5s ( ,plym\? _h reque/$ t ! hi/oric ,eddy/one /ructure might be re-erect$ on ,plym\? ,hoe1 on ! spot occupi$ by ! exi/+ ,tr9ity ,h\se l&m>k4 ,! au?orities agre$ to ?is proposal1 & ! own]%ip ( ! ,smeaton t[] 0 =?) transf]r$ to ! p ( ,plym\?4 ,b demolition 0 c>ri$ out only to ! level ( ,smeaton's l[] /or]oom4 ,! /aircase1 well & entrance 7 fill$ up ) masonry1 ! top 0 bevell$ (f1 & 9 ! c5tre ( ! /ump an iron pole 0 plant$4 ,:ile ! ,plym\? ,hoe relic is b "o half ( ! t[]1 its re-erection 0 complet$ fai?fully1 &1 moreov]1 c>ries ! orig9al c&elabra :i* ! fam\s eng9e] devis$4 ,n only is ! ,d\glass t[] a beautiful example ( ligh?\se eng9e]+1 b x 0 relatively *eap4 ,! eng9e]1 :5 he prep>$ ! designs1 e/imat$ t an outlay ( #gh1jjj1 or #cij1jjj1 w\ld be incurr$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! build+ co/ only #ei1bee1 or #bif1bge1 & a sav+ ( #ah1jjj1 or #ij1jjj1 9 a "w ( ?is magnitude is no mean a*ievem5t4 ,all ?+s consid]$1 ! ,eddy/one is "o ( ! *eape/ sea-rock lights :i* has ev] be5 consummat$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,"s ,,fam\s ,,lights ,,( ,,engl& ,! capta9 ( ! lordly l9]1 z he sw+s d[n ,*annel or approa*es ! ,engli% coa/ f ! broad ,atlantic1 ma9ta9s a vigilant wat* until ! light or ! sl5d] proportions ( ! lonely outpo/ ris+ app>5tly f ! ocean's dep?s (f ! s\?-we/ corn] ( ! ,scilly ,isl&s1 become visible4 ,?is is ! ,bi%op ,rock1 ! we/]n s5t9el ( ! ,engli% ,*annel1 m\nt+ gu>d ov] z wick$ a /ret* ( sea z may be f\nd any:]e betwe5 ! two ,poles1 :]e ! m>itime traffic is d5se/ & :]e wrecks1 un=tunately1 are only too frequ5t2 = ! toll levi$ by ! sea (f ! ,corni% coa/ is fe>ful4 ,among ^! isl&s 0 plant$ "o ( ! fir/ beacons erect$ (f ! ,briti% coa/s4 ,at ! outset x 0 m]ely a wood bonfire1 !n a brazi]1 & f9ally a ligh?\se1 :i* cr[n$ ,/4 ,agnes's height1 to guide ! m>9] on 8 way4 ,b to-day ! ,/4 ,agnes light is no m ?an a memory4 ,two or ?ree ye>s ago ! keep]s qu5*$ ! light 9 ! mi/y grey ( ! dawn = ! la/ "t4 ,! vigil :i* _h be5 ma9ta9$ ov] %ipp+ un9t]rupt$ly ?r\gh "s #bcj ye>s 0 end$4 ,on a neighb\r+ po9t a sup]ior mod]n light _h be5 plant$ :i* took up ! sacr$ duty4 ,al?\gh e/abli%$ 9 #afhj1 ! ,/4 ,agnes 0 n ! olde/ light 9 ,engl&4 ,?is di/9ction belongs to ! ,nor? ,=el& light on ! ,ea/ ,k5ti% coa/1 :i* 0 set go+ z f> back z #afcf4 ,?is w>n+ 0 %$ f a t[] ( timb]1 la?1 & pla/]1 built by ,sir ,john ,meldrum1 b x fell a victim to fire =ty-sev5 ye>s lat]4 ,! light 0 recon/ruct$ promptly1 & to-day ?r[s a r$ & :ite gleam ( #ce1jjj c&le-p[]1 :i* may be pick$ up tw5ty miles away4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,paul1 ,p5zance4 ,,! 8,,bi%op10 ,,! ,,we/]n ,,outpo/ ,,( ,,engl&4 ,?is t[] m>ks a trea*]\s reef1 ris+ f ! dep?s ( ! ,atlantic (f ! ,scilly ,isl&s4 ,its slim proportions are famili> to ,transatlantic pass5g]s4 ,! s\?-we/]n extremity ( ,engl&1 h[ev]1 is f> m to be dread$ ?an ! s\?-ea/]n4 ,"h ,nature mix$ l& & wat] 9 an inextricable maze dur+ h] m\ld+ process4 ,deep1 tortu\s1 wide *annels sep>ate rugg$ granite islets1 :ile long1 ugly ridges creep /eal?ily out to sea b5ea? ! pall ( wat]1 ready to trap ! unsuspect+ vessel :i* v5tures too closely4 ,if "o 7 to take a map ( ?is "p ( ! c\ntry1 7 to dig "o leg ( a compass into ! ,liz>d ,head1 /ret*+ ! o!r s z to rea* ! ,eddy/one light1 & !n 7 to describe a circle1 ! enclos$ space w\ld conta9 m fam\s sea-rock lights ?an a simil> area on any o!r "p ( ! globe4 ,)9 its circumf]5ce !re w\ld be ! ,eddy/one1 ,bi%op ,rock1 ,wolf1 & ,long%ips1 ea* ( :i* lifts its cupola above a wave-swept l$ge ( rocks4 ,! ne$ = an adequate indication ( ! ,scillies 0 felt long be=e ! ,eddy/one ga9$ its ill fame4 ,^! scatt]$ masses ( granite1 numb]+ ab\t #adj 9 all1 break up ! expanse ( ! ,atlantic ab\t tw5ty miles s\?-we/ ( ! ,corni% ma9l&4 ,n[1 ! m>itime traffic fl[+ 9 & out ( ! ,engli% ,*annel is divid$ into two broad classes--! coa/al & ! ov]sea trade respectively4 ,! =m] is able to creep ?r\gh ! dang]\s *annel sep>at+ ! ,scillies f ! ma9l&1 b ! latt] has to make a dt\r to ! s\?4 ,"o fr+e ( ! brok5 clu/] is z dang]\s z ! o!r1 s t bo? /reams ( trade dem& protection4 ,on ! s\? side ! knots dot ! sea 9 all directions4 ,!y are m]e black specks1 _m only reveal+ !mselves at l[e/ tides2 o!rs d n betray _! exi/5ce ev5 !n4 ,! out]mo/ l$ge is ! ,bi%op ,rock1 :]e disa/]s h be5 fe>ful & num]\s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ t]rible cata/rophes on record happ5$ "h1 :5 ?ree vessels ( ,sir ,cl\desley ,%ovel's fleet w5t to pieces 9 ! ye> #agjg1 & dragg$ #b1jjj m5 d[n ) !m1 includ+ ! ,admiral himself4 ,9 m rec5t times1 "s two or ?ree ye>s ago1 ! ,atlantic transport l9] ,m9nehaha dragg$ h] lumb]+ body ov] ! selfsame att5uat$ ramp>t1 & 0 badly damag$ be=e %e c\ld be rescu$4 ,z may be suppos$1 9 days gone by ! awful "* ( ! coa/ br\ght prosp]ity to ! inhabitants ( ,cornwall1 :o reap$ ri* h>ve/s f ! inhuman practice ( wreck+1 9 :i* horrible "w ! ,scilly ,isl&]s 7 easily pre-em95t & m successful1 s9ce !y held ! out] l9es ^u :i* ! majority ( %ips came to grief4 ,9 ! =ties ( la/ c5tury x 0 decid$ t ?is gravey>d %\ld be m>k$1 b !re 0 "o great difficulty4 ,?is 0 ! exposure ( ! l[-ly+ rock to "s #d1jjj miles ( op5 ,atlantic1 :]e ! roll]s rise & fall ) a =ce t turns ! wat]s = miles ar\nd into a see?+ mael/rom ( foam & surf4 ,! aspect pres5t$ at ?is spot dur+ a /iff s\?-we/]ly or we/]ly gale is t]rify+ 9 ! extreme1 & x is n surpris+ t approa*+ vessels /& s f> (f t ! t[] is (t5 b>ely disc]nible aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( cl\d & banks ( mi/ caus$ by ! spray hurl$ into ! air f ! break]s sma%+ on ! rocks4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,paul1 ,p5zance4 ,,! ,,wolf ,,rock ,,ligh?\se4 ,"o ( ! fam\s lights ( ,engl&4 ,ow+ to ! rocks be+ expos$ to ! full fury ( ! ,atlantic1 its erection 0 att5d$ ) prodigi\s difficulty4 ,:5 x 0 propos$ to build a ligh?\se ^u a crag 9 ! he>t ( ?is vortex1 _m p :o knew ! neighb\rhood %ook _! heads d\btfully4 ,! l$ge 0 s small1 ! =ce ( ! elem5ts s p[]ful1 t x appe>$ to be tempt+ ,fate unduly to attempt ! erection ( a slim /alk ( /onework !reon4 ,"s records ( ! w9d pressure ex]t$ dur+ ! heavie/ tempe/s 7 tak51 & !y %[$ t ! pressure ( ! w9d at times exce$$ #g1jjj p\nds p] squ>e foot4 ,x 0 decid$ to provide a /ructure :i* %\ld (f] ! m9imum ( resi/ance to ! waves4 ,?is assum$ ! =m ( ! iron screw-pile t[] s common 9 ,am]ican wat]s4 ,! legs 7 ca/-iron tubes sunk into ! solid granite1 brac$ & /ay$ by means ( wr\ght-iron rods4 ,! eng9e]s ma9ta9$ t ! waves w\ld be able to roll unre/ra9$ly among ! piles1 in/ead ( be+ ob/ruct$1 s t ! skeleton build+ w\ld escape ! heavy buffet+s :i* solid masonry w\ld exp]i5ce4 ,b eng9e]+ sci5ce prov$ woefully frail :5 pitt$ aga9/ ! unh>ness$ =ces ( ,nature4 ,a heavy gale sprang up "o night2 ! waves rose & fell ^u ! /ilts1 broke !m up l re$s1 & c>ri$ away ! :ole ( ! sup]/ructure4 ,! foll[+ l[-tide reveal$ only a few %ort l5g?s ( brok5 & b5t tubes1 ar\nd :i* ! waves bubbl$ & hiss$ z if 9 triumph at _! victory4 ,?us end$ ! fir/ attempt to provide ! ,bi%op ,rock ) a ligh?\se4 ,! eng9e]1 ?\gh defeat$1 0 n dismay$4 ,z a skeleton /ructure 0 impot5t1 he w\ld erect a massive masonry t[] :i* n all ! =ce ( ! waves c\ld avail to demoli%4 ,al?\gh ! reef is ab\t #aej feet 9 l5g? by #eb feet 9 wid?1 ! eng9e]1 ,james ,walk]1 0 n af=d$ mu* space ^u :i* to place 8 creation4 ,he reconnoitr$ ! ridge1 & f9ally *ose a small lump j suffici5tly l>ge ^u :i* to effect a foo?old4 ,! ,smeaton type ( t[] 0 8 model1 & ! surface ( ! rock 0 trimm$ to receive ! fir/ blocks4 ,?is 0 ! greate/ difficulty4 ,unless ! sea 7 z smoo? z a millpond1 he 0 helpless1 z ! l[e/ blocks _h to be laid a foot b5ea? l[-wat] m>k4 ,a heavy c(f]dam 0 erect$ ar\nd ! site1 & ! wat] )9 0 pump$ out1 s t ! masons might be able to toil ^u a dry rock-face4 ,! expos$1 isolat$ "* ( ! spot r5d]$ ! h\s+ ( ! workm5 a problem 9 itself4 ,!y c\ld n be accommodat$ on ! site2 a tempor>y dwell+ on piles = _! accommodation c\ld n be e/abli%$1 z x w\ld come d[n ) ! fir/ gale1 & h\s+ on a t5d] 0 equally impracticable4 ,!re 0 a small un9habit$ islet )9 conv5i5t di/ance ( ! reef1 & on ?is ! liv+-qu>t]s & work%ops 7 erect$1 ! m5 be+ transport$ to & fro :5ev] ! conditions 7 suitable4 ,traces ( ?is bygone indu/rial activity /ill rema9 on ! isl&1 b ! sea-f[l h once m claim$ x exclusively z _! home4 ,! work+ spells 7 brief1 z well z be+ some:at few & f> betwe51 :ile ! base 0 be+ prep>$4 ,! granite 0 br\ght to ! isl& depot1 fa%ion$ into %ape1 & !n s5t to ! ,bi%op = erection4 ,granite 0 us$ exclusively1 & 9 #ahgh1 aft] sev5 ye>s' ardu\s lab\r1 ! t[]1 #abj feet 9 height1 capp$ by a p[]ful light1 0 complet$3 ! dread$ ,bi%op ,rock 0 conqu]$ at la/4 ,:5 x 0 fir/ commission$1 f\r m5 7 deput$ to wat* ?is light1 ?ree be+ on ! rock1 & ! f\r? man on leave at ,/4 ,m>y's4 ,! duty 0 = ?ree mon?s cont9u\s1 "o man be+ reliev$ e mon? if possible2 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! spell on ! rock (t5 0 increas$1 ow+ to ! wea!r r5d]+ x impossible to ex*ange ! m54 ,! "* ( _! duty1 "u ! t]rible assaults ( ! sea1 play$ havoc ) ! con/itutions & n]ves ( ! ligh?\se-keep]s4 ,!y became taciturn1 & inevitably fell victims to neura/h5ia1 ow+ to _! long p]iods ( isolation4 ,accord+ly ! au?orities gradually relax$ ! spell ( duty1 until n[ x comprises a mon? on ! rock1 foll[$ by a =tnight a%ore1 :ile six m51 in/ead ( f\r1 are appo9t$ to ! /ation4 ,! ,bi%op light dem&s wat*]s ( iron con/itution & prolong$ exp]i5ce ( ! rig\rs ( imprisonm5t ^u a lonely rock4 ,! m5 appe> to suff] mo/ f ! fe> t "o day ! seas w rega9 ! upp] h& & c>ry ! sl5d]-look+ %aft ( masonry away4 ,:5 ! ,atlantic is r\s$ to fury1 ! d9 creat$ by ! waves sma%+ aga9/ ! t[] & reef is s deaf5+ t ! keep]s c only conv]se by signs4 ,! attacks :i* ?is t[] has to )/& are fe>ful4 ,:5 ! equ9oxes are rag+1 x is no uncommon circum/ance = ! waves to roll up ! side ( ! t[] & hurl !mselves clean ov] ! lant]n4 ,! enorm\s =ce ( ! wat] 0 br\ght home v />tl+ly to ! att5dants ( ! light "o night1 :5 a m ?an usually wick$ break] slid up ! curv$ r\nd face & wr5*$ ! fog-bell1 weigh+ #eej p\nds1 f its fa/5+s on ! lant]n gall]y4 ,! pond]\s piece ( metal 0 da%$ on to ! reef & sma%$ to fragm5ts4 ,a small piece 0 recov]$ aft] ! gale1 & is n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,tr9ity ,h\se museum z an int]e/+ mem5to ( ! night :5 ! ,atlantic almo/ got ! upp] h&4 ,! n]ves ( ! m5 are tri$ sev]ely1 also1 by memories ( ! t]rible m>9e disa/]s :i* h happ5$ on or ne> ! ridge1 su* z t ( ! ,g]man packet ,s*ill]1 :i* w5t d[n 9 #ahge ) ! loss ( #cca lives4 ,x is n surpris+ t ! ceaseless attacks ( ! waves %\ld h left _! traces at la/4 ,! light _h be5 burn+ = ab\t tw5ty ye>s1 :5 tremors & quak+s1 simil> to ^? obs]v$ 9 connection ) ,smeaton's ,eddy/one t[]1 7 report$ to ! au?orities4 ,sir ,james ,d\glass visit$ ! rock1 & made a m9ute inspection4 ,x 0 app>5t t ! ligh?\se dem&$ ext5sive ov]haul+ & /r5g!n+ if x 7 to be pres]v$4 ,9 fact1 ?is 0 ! only feasible c\rse ( action1 z !re 0 n ano!r suitable spot :]eon a new /ructure c\ld be rais$4 ,! ,eddy/one _h be5 complet$1 & z ! same tackle 0 available1 ! protective "w 0 und]tak5 at once4 ,9 conjunction ) ?is ent]prise1 ! eng9e] also advocat$ an increase 9 ! height ( ! t[]4 ,8 plans met ) approval1 & an +5i\s means ( /r5g!n+ ! exi/+ build+ 0 evolv$4 ,virtually x compris$ ! erection ( a new t[] ar\nd ! old %aft1 & connect$ to ! latt]1 s z to =m "o homog5e\s /ructure4 ,9 ord] to /r5g!n ! f\ndations1 massive blocks ( masonry 7 sunk into ! rock1 cem5t$1 & held 9 position by heavy bolts4 ,f ! masons' po9t ( view1 ! task ( ov]haul+ 0 m excit+ & dang]\s ?an t :i* _h att5d$ ! erection ( ! orig9al t[]2 = ! m5 _h to toil on n>r[1 sw++ plat=ms1 cutt+ not*es 9 ! face ( e /one 9 ! exi/+ /ructure to receive dovetails on ! blocks ( ! new out] %ell4 ,?us ! latt] 7 dovetail$ to adjac5t blocks on five out ( _! six faces4 ,a massive *a9 0 slung r\nd ! upp] "p ( ! t[]1 f :i* life-l9es hung d[n to ! m5 work+ bel[4 ,a man 0 /ation$ z a look\t4 ,:5 he saw a break] approa*+ he gave a signal2 ea* man clut*$ 8 life-rope t5aci\sly & reta9$ 8 foo?old z be/ he c\ld on 8 p]il\s p]* :ile ! wat] swept ov] him4 ,(t5 ! m5 7 subm]g$ by a ru%+ wave1 & :5 ! wat] subsid$ %ook !mselves l dogs em]g+ f ! wat]4 ,b ! provision ( ! life-ropes prev5t$ s]i\s injury & loss ( life1 al?\gh ! masons at times 7 consid]ably knock$ ab\t4 ,! t[] has be5 giv5 an enorm\s1 massive1 cyl9drical base1 :ile ! %aft is solid to ! entrance level1 except = ! usual wat]-tanks4 ,! atta*m5t ( ! out] %ell re9=c$ x rem>kably1 ! walls at ! entrance be+ increas$ to a ?ickness ( #h feet4 ,! addition ( ! f\r extra floors elevat$ ! light by a fur!r #dj feet1 ! focal plane n[ be+ #afc feet above high-wat]4 ,! light1 ( #fbb1ejj c&le-p[]1 visible = eighte5 miles1 is a :ite gr\p-fla%1 !re be+ two fla%es1 ea* ( f\r seconds' duration1 ) an int]v5+ eclipse ( five seconds1 :ile ! gr\ps are sep>at$ by int]vals ( =ty-sev5 seconds4 ,(f ! nor!rn %ores ( ! ,scillies1 /&+ 9 ! /rait :i* provides a %ort-cut ar\nd ! toe ( ,engl&1 is ano!r magnific5t t[]4 ,?is is ! ,wolf ,rock ligh?\se1 m>k+ ! reef ( t "n1 :i* lies eight miles (f ,l&'s ,end 9 ! fairway ( ! coa/al traffic4 ,! clu/] ( rocks f :i* x rises is j z dang]\s z t to ! s\?1 & is expos$ likewise to ! full fury ( ! s\?-we/]ly gales com+ 9 f ! ,atlantic4 ,x 0 "o ( ! mo/ attractive spots to ! old ,corni% wreck]s1 = %ips :i* lo/ _! way dur+ ! fogs :i* hang ab\t ?is coa/ inv>iably blund]$ into ! reef1 to be sma%$ to pieces )9 a v %ort "t4 ,?is spot 0 n s greatly fe>$ by ! seaf>] :5 heavy gales prevail$4 ,!re 0 a holl[ rock on ! ridge1 into :i* ! waves 7 driv54 ,9 s do+ !y compress$ ! air )9 ! space1 :i*1 z x escap$1 produc$ a long1 di/9ctive wail1 recall+ ! cry ( ! wolf4 ,x 0 ?is natural ph5om5on :i* gave ! rock its "n4 ,! h>d] ! w9d blew1 & ! high] ! waves rose1 ! l\d] 0 ! rev]b]at+ bell[1 &1 z x c\ld be he>d di/9ctly above ! music ( ! /orm1 ! navigator 0 able to /e] cle> ( ! =midable ob/ruction4 ,on ! o!r h&1 dur+ p]iods ( heavy fog1 :5 ! waves 7 usually quiet1 !re 0 sc>cely any p]ceptible s\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,paul1 ,p5zance4 ,,! ,,long%ips ,,light4 ,9 ! backgr\nd is ! =bidd+ iron-b\nd ,corni% coa/1 :]e wrecks un=tunately are frequ5t4 ,! ,wolf ,rock w\ld be gr[l+ to ?is day _h x n be5 = ! inhuman action ( ! ,corni% plund]]s4 ,!y dete/$ ! weird noise z cordially z ! m>9] bless$ x4 ,x robb$ !m ( s _m ri* hauls t at la/ !y decid$ to sil5ce ! rock = ev]4 ,!y fill$ ! cavity ) l>ge b\ld]s1 :i* 7 c>ri$ out 9 boats f ! ma9l& & dump$ ov]bo>d4 ,!n ! ,corni%m5 met ) a spell ( enhanc$ prosp]ity f ! increas$ numb] ( wrecks :i* occurr$4 ,:5 ! exig5cies ( comm]ce dem&$ t ! reef %\ld be gu>d$1 a mo/ fanta/ic device 0 prep>$4 ,an attempt 0 made to re/ore artificially ! natural sir54 ,a fabric wr\ght 9 copp] 9 ! =m ( a huge wolf ) di/5d$ jaws 0 contriv$1 ! design]s av]r+ t ! air w\ld ru% 9 & produce a di/9ctive :i/le4 ,?is grotesque dang]-signal nev] rea*$ its de/9ation4 ,x w\ld h be5 absolutely useless ev5 _h x be5 plac$ ov] ! rock1 z ! fir/ lively sea w\ld h c>ri$ x away1 :ile ! noise produc$1 if any1 w\ld h be5 inaudible m ?an a few feet away4 ,! ,tr9ity ,bre?r5 at la/ took ! matt] up1 b _! inve/igations caus$ !m to d\bt ! possibility ( build+ a ligh?\se on su* a =bidd+ spot4 ,!y did ! next be/ ?+4 ,!y drove a ?ick oak joi/ into ! rock1 & atta*$ a col\r$ sph]e to its upp] extremity4 ,?is con/itut$ a valuable l&m>k by day1 b 0 useless at night4 ,b its life 0 brief4 ,! fir/ /orm :i* swept ! reef aft] ! erection ( ! beacon tore x up by ! roots4 ,x 0 replac$ by a heavy ma/ ( wr\ght-iron1 :i* suff]$ a simil> fate1 z did also a ?ird iron pole #i in*es 9 diamet]4 ,at la/ a l[ conical /ump 0 built ^u ! ridge1 ) ! /aff & sph]e project+ f its c5tre4 ,?is defi$ w9d & wave successfully = _m ye>s4 ,its p]man5cy impress$ ! build]s ( ! ,bi%op ,rock light1 :o came to ! conclusion t1 z ! small conical t[] held h>d & fa/1 a masonry t[] c\ld be giv5 j z firm a hold4 ,:5 ! eng9e] approa*$ ! reef to make 8 surveys1 he f\nd ! wat] boil+ & bubbl+ madly1 & x 0 "s "t be=e he c\ld get a foo?old4 ,he complet$ 8 exam9ation1 & !n f\nd1 to 8 dismay1 t ! boat c\ld n approa* to take him (f4 ,he c\ld n /ay :]e he 01 z ! tide1 :i* 0 ris+1 w\ld engulf ! reef )9 a %ort "t1 s he resort$ to a bold exp$i5t4 ,he _h tak5 ! precaution to br+ a life-l9e ) him1 s t he 0 9 t\* ) ! boat4 ,he loop$ ?is r\nd 8 wai/ securely1 & !n1 tell+ ! m5 to pull z h>d z !y c\ld1 he plung$ into ! wat]4 ,9 ?is mann] he 0 dragg$ ?r\gh ! furi\s surf & pull$ into ! boat1 ?or\ghly dr5*$1 b o!rwise none ! worse = 8 adv5ture4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,paul1 ,p5zance4 ,,! ,,godrevy ,,light1 ,,scilly ,,isl&s4 ,x m>ks a =bidd+ clump ( rocks1 l&+ on :i* is always excit+4 ,! "w 0 begun 9 #ahfb1 :5 ! masons 7 despat*$ to ! rock to prep>e ! face = ! reception ( ! bottom masonry blocks4 ,! t$i\s & exceptionally dang]\s "* ( ! "w 0 emphasiz$ v =cibly ^u ^? engag$ 9 ! task4 ,x 0 seldom t ! wat] 0 suffici5tly placid to enable a l&+ to be made4 ,!n1 z ! work+ spell 0 v brief1 be+ re/rict$ to l[-tide1 ! m5 c\ld pause only = a few m9utes at a "t1 & ev5 dur+ ^! 7 m5ac$ by ! break]s4 ,dur+ ! fir/ work+ season only eighty-?ree h\rs ( lab\r 7 possible--a fact :i* conveys a graphic idea ( ! expos$ "* ( ! site1 its difficulty ( access1 & ! %ort "t available = "w betwe5 ! tides4 ,:ile excavations 7 "u way1 ! prep>ation ( a l&+-/age 0 tak5 9 h&4 ,z only small blocks ( /one c\ld be us$1 naturally x occupi$ a consid]able "t4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ess5tial1 9 ord] to p]mit ! erection ( a d]rick by :i* ! heavy blocks = ! t[] c\ld be lift$ f ! con/ruction boat to ! rock4 ,on ! rock-face itself ! masons toil$ /r5u\sly1 *ipp+1 scrap+1 & p>+ away all ! faulty pieces ( gneiss1 s t a firm1 solid f\ndation 0 secur$1 into :i* ! bottom c\rse ( /ones 0 dovetail$ & an*or$4 ,ow+ to ! frequ5cy ) :i* ! rock 0 swept by ! seas1 special precautions _h to be adopt$ to insure ! safety ( ! workm54 ,iron dogs 7 driv5 into ! rock at frequ5t po9ts1 to :i* ropes 7 fa/5$ & all[$ to trail across ! rock1 ea* mason be+ urg$ to keep "o ( ^! life-l9es always )9 arm's l5g?4 ,z an additional precaution he 0 compell$ to we> a lifebelt1 :i*1 al?\gh x hamp]$ free movem5t some:at1 yet gave ! we>]1 if he lo/ 8 foo?old or 7 ?r[n into ! wat]1 a *ance ( keep+ afloat until ! lifeboat /&+ by 0 able to rea* him4 ,a ,corni% fi%]man1 :o 0 famili> ) ! seas on ?is "p ( ! coa/1 & :o c\ld judge a break+ wave f a di/ance1 act$ z a look\t4 ,:5 he saw a comb] ab\t to creep ov] ! rock1 he gave a signal1 :5 ! workm5 clut*$ _! life-l9es1 &1 ) feet firmly plant$ & ! ropes drawn taut1 or ?r[+ !mselves pro/rate1 ) heads po9t$ to ! advanc+ wave1 all[$ ! break] to roll ov] !m & exp5d its viol5ce h>mlessly4 ,"t aft] "t ! masons 7 buri$ b5ea? huge tumbl+ hills ( wat]4 ,"w "u su* conditions 0 decid$ly irksome1 & progress 0 v appreciably ret>d$1 b ! safety ( ! workm5 01 ( c\rse1 ! pre-em95t consid]ation4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ^! m5 :o face ! p]ils1 privations1 & excit+ incessant dang]s1 incid5tal to ligh?\se build+1 are extremely sup]/iti\s4 ,if an und]tak+ su* z ! ,wolf 7 att5d$ by a disa/] & loss ( life 9 its initial /ages1 ! completion ( ! task might be s]i\sly jeop>diz$4 ,! rock w\ld be reg>d$ z a 8hoo-doo10 & w\ld be %unn$ l a fev]-/rick5 city4 ,!re=e ! eng9e] w g to any l5g?s to secure1 s f> z is humanly possible1 ! pres]vation ( ! lives & limbs ( ^? 9 8 employ4 ,?is is ! *ief reason :y ! erection ( ^! wond]ful t[]s has be5 att5d$ by s few accid5ts or fatalities1 :ile ! m5 fitt$ = ! task are s few t ! eng9e] _c af=d to di/urb _! peace ( m9d4 ,! ,wolf t[] foll[s ! g5]ally accept$ l9es1 & is solid at ! base4 ,x is wr\ght ?r\gh\t ( granite1 ! /ones be+ joggl$ toge!r4 ,"o +5i\s measure 0 adopt$ 9 connection ) ! l[] c\rses 9 ord] to prev5t ! action ( ! waves f break+ up ! cem5t 9 ! expos$ jo9ts & sett+ up dis9tegration4 ,! upp] surface ( ea* /one is giv5 a wide rabbet1 & ! /one above fits into ! recess s t ! horizontal jo9t betwe5 ! two is cov]$ by ! out] fillet1 !reby protect+ x completely4 ,?is practice 0 foll[$ ?r\gh\t all ! l[] c\rses to a height ( #ci feet1 & ! security ?us obta9$ is reflect$ by ! /r5g? ( ! t[] to-day aft] half a c5tury's we>4 ,"w proce$$ s sl[ly 9 ! e>ly /ages1 ow+ to ! abnormal conditions1 t by ! end ( #ahfd only ?irty-sev5 /ones 9 ! second c\rse ( masonry 7 laid4 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 ! l&+-/age _h be5 practically complet$1 & ! erection ( ! crane enabl$ ! blocks = ! t[] to be transf]r$ to ! rock ) great] ease & rapidity4 ,! t[]1 #ace feet 9 height1 0 complet$ on ,july #ai1 #ahfi1 :ile ! light 0 br\ght into s]vice e>ly 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,eight ye>s 7 exp5d$ ^u ! ent]prise1 & dur+ ?is p]iod #bif l&+s 7 effect$ ^u ! rock & #a1had h\rs ( lab\r 7 consummat$4 ,?is is equal to ab\t #aja work+ days ( t5 h\rs ea*1 or1 on ! av]age1 less ?an "o h\r e day ( ! ye>s occupi$ 9 ! und]tak+4 ,! lant]n ?r[s a p[]ful :ite light1 :i* 9 cle> wea!r may be se5 f tw5ty to tw5ty-five miles away4 ,! co/ ( ! ent]prise 0 #fb1gbf1 or #cac1fcj--ne>ly twice t ( ! fir/ ,bi%op ,rock light4 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,d4 & ,c4 ,/ev5son4 ,,! ,,*ick5 ,,rock ,,ligh?\se1 ,,(f ,,! ,,isle ,,( ,,man4 ,x m>ks a dang]\s reef4 ,! revolv+ light ( #adc1jjj c&le-p[] is visible = sixte5 miles4 ,al?\gh ! lant]n is #adc feet above ! wat]1 ! waves frequ5tly engulf x4 ,ano!r gaunt /ructure re>s itself f a reef a few miles to ! nor?-we/ ( ! ,wolf1 & a %ort di/ance (f ! ,l&'s ,end4 ,?is is ! ,long%ips light4 ,! "n itself sugge/s a light-vessel1 & a /rang] is surpris$ to le>n t x is an impos+ build+1 wor?y ( comp>ison ) ! two o!r /ructures already describ$ :i* gu>d ! ,scillies4 ,al?\gh x is )9 a %ort di/ance ( ! ma9l&1 its expos$ situation r5d]$ its con/ruction z exasp]at+ly difficult z t ( bo? ! ,bi%op & ,wolf lights4 ,a few miles f>!r nor? ano!r p[]ful light indicates ! 8,k+dom ( ,heav510 z ! black hump ( ,lundy ,isl&1 ris+ out ( ! ,bri/ol ,*annel1 is colloquially call$1 f ! "n ( its cl]ical own]4 ,on ! opposite side & due nor? ( ?is bight1 ! ,pembroke%ire coa/ breaks (f abruptly at ,/4 ,david's ,head1 only to reappe> out at sea 9 "s tw5ty little rugg$ islets kn[n z ,! ,smalls4 ,!y occur "s tw5ty-"o miles (f ! ma9l&1 & = ye>s !y play$ havoc ) ! %ipp+ ply+ betwe5 ,nor? ( ,engl& ports & ! ,bri/ol ,*annel4 ,^! rocks--= !y are little else--7 ! private prop]ty ( a ,liv]pool g5tleman1 :o became s di/ract$ by ! frequ5cy ( disa/] t1 9 #aggc1 he decid$ to cr[n !m ) a beacon4 ,he select$ a musical in/rum5t manufactur] nam$ ,:iteside z 8 eng9e]1 & ?is amateur me*anic1 aft] an inspection1 decid$ to place ! w>n+ light on a t9y crag :i* project$ ab\t #e feet above high-wat]4 ,x is some:at /range t ! adequate safegu>d+ ( two deva/at+ p>ts ( ! s\?-we/]n coa/ ( ,engl& %\ld h be5 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( m5 :o 7 n pr(essional eng9e]s4 ,rudy]d1 ! silk-m]c]1 0 responsible = ! second ,eddy/one1 & "h 0 an in/rum5t-mak] tak+ ov] "o ( ! mo/ difficult ent]prises x 0 possible to f9d4 ,yet bo? ^! amateur eng9e]s inscrib$ _! names ineffaceably ^u two ( ! mo/ evil spots ar\nd ! coa/s ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s4 ,rudy]d gave u ! true conical design1 :i* has nev] be5 sup]s$$ = /r5g? & /ability2 :ile ,:iteside evolv$ a skeleton t[] :i* brav$ ! mo/ tempe/u\s seas = "s eighty ye>s4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! latt] c>ri$ out 8 "w 9 iron1 ?9k+ t metal w\ld prove irresi/ible1 b )9 a %ort "t he replac$ x ) heavy legs ( oak4 ,! frail-look+ /ructure 0 submitt$ to /orms ( almo/ seismic viol5ce1 b x )/ood !m all = ov] half a c5tury1 :5 a peculi>ly vici\s wave1 z x roll$ betwe5 ! supports1 sudd5ly flew upw>ds1 driv+ ! floor ( ! keep]s' qu>t]s into ! ro(4 ,x 0 an exceptional accid5t1 :i* no eng9e] c\ld h =ese54 ,:5 ! ,tr9ity ,h\se ,bre?r5 took ov] ! light1 _! *ief eng9e]1 ,mr4 ,james ,walk]1 look$ ^u ! erection z su* a f9e piece ( "w t ! damage 0 repair$1 & ! ,:iteside light gleam$ = a fur!r tw5ty ye>s be=e x gave place to ! pres5t graceful /one build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,sk]ryvore ,,is ,,built4 ,9 ! c5tre1 a v]tical section4 ,at sides1 transv]se sections at diff]5t masonry c\rses1 %[+ me?od ( lay+ ! /ones4 ,x 0 a grim episode at ?is light :i* br\ght ab\t ! practice ( appo9t+ ?ree m5 at lea/ to a sea light-/ation4 ,:5 fir/ complet$1 ,! ,smalls 0 provid$ ) only two keep]s1 & on "o occasion "o ( ! two di$4 ,8 companion refra9$ f committ+ ! body to ! sea1 le/ he might be suspect$ ( f\l-play1 s he con/ruct$ a r\gh %ell1 9 :i* he plac$ ! body ( 8 dead *um1 & /ood ! grisly burd5 on end beside 8 flag ( di/ress on ! gall]y outside ! lant]n4 ,z ! spell ( duty 9 ^? days 0 f\r mon?s1 x 0 "s "t be=e ! relief came out4 ,!n !y discov]$ a %att]$ human wreck t5d+ ! lights1 :o _h nev] neglect$ 8 duty "u ! on]\s & weird conditions1 b :o nev]!less _h become brok5 d[n & ag$ "u ! t]rible ordeal4 ,aft] ?is exp]i5ce ?ree m5 in/ead ( two 7 plac$ on duty at all su* expos$ & inaccessible lights4 ,x may be recall$ t ,alphonse ,daudet tells a simil> creepy /ory :i* 0 relat$ to him by a light-keep] on ! rugg$ ,corsican coa/1 & :i* he n>rates 9 ! 8,ph>es des ,sangu9aires40 ,a simil> exp]i5ce is also associat$ ) ,rudy]d's ,eddy/one light4 ,(f ! ,nor? ,wel% coa/ !re are ! fam\s lights ( ! ,s\? ,/ack & ! ,sk]ries1 ! latt] ris+ out ( ! wat] on a dang]\s clu/] ( rocks (f ,c>mel ,head4 ,! ,isle ( ,man also possesses a magnific5t specim5 ( ligh?\se eng9e]+ 9 ! ,*ick5 ,rock light1 ! "w ( ! bro!rs ,/ev5son1 :i*1 al?\gh 9 ! ,iri% ,sea1 comes )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,lights4 ,?is t[] /&s on a reef :i* is subm]g$ by #f feet ( wat] ev5 at high neap-tides4 ,:5 a gale is rag+ & ! spr+-tides are at _! highe/1 ! waves frequ5tly engulf ! lant]n1 al?\gh x is p]*$ #adc feet above ! wat]4 ,! light is ( #adc1jjj c&le-p[]1 ( ! revolv+ type1 & visible = sixte5 miles 9 cle> wea!r4 ,ent]+ ! ,engli% ,*annel f ! ,scillies1 ! voyag] obs]ves ! p[]ful ,liz>d light gleam+ l two brilliant :ite />s f a prom95t elevat$ po9t on ! cliff4 ,=m]ly ?ree lights 7 %[n1 b two 7 f\nd to meet ! necessities ( ! situation adequately4 ,! /eam%ip lane lies across ! *ord ( ! arc =m$ by ! coa/l9e betwe5 ! ,liz>d & ,/>t ,po9t1 leav+ ! ,eddy/one to ! nor?4 ,! next important light is ! ,ne$les1 at ! entrance to ! ,sol5t4 ,a few miles f>!r on ! brilliant spoke-light fla%es ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e's1 describ$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 compel att5tion4 ,no o!r light aft] ?is is se5 until ,bea*y ,head is approa*$4 ,ano!r dre>y /ret* br+s ! vessel abeam ! nose ( ,k5ti% coa/ kn[n z ,dung5ess1 a p>ticul>ly notori\s dang] spot4 ,"h !re is a cont9ual /ruggle betwe5 ! eng9e]s & ! sea4 ,:ile ! waves gnaw into ! coa/l9e at o!r neighb\r+ places1 "h !y surr5d] _! capture1 s t ! headl& is p]si/5tly creep+ f>!r & f>!r out to sea4 ,x is light$1 & has be5 gu>d$ = ye>s1 b ! t[] is left at a con/antly increas+ di/ance f ! wat]'s edge4 ,! light has be5 mov$ once or twice1 s z to fulfil its purpose to ! be/ advantage1 b ! eng9e] w be kept on ! al]t until ! curr5ts *ange _! c\rses & refra9 f pil+ up fur!r drift at ?is po9t4 ,?is light1 com+ z x does at ! entrance to ! bottle-neck ( ! ,engli% ,*annel1 is ( prime importance to navigation1 because vessels1 aft] !y h r\nd$ ! ,s\? ,=el&1 make a bee-l9e = ?is headl&4 ,s9ce ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,engl& is flank$ by s&banks & %oals1 ! ligh?\se is n 9 p[]ful evid5ce1 ! aids to navigation consi/+ *iefly ( light-vessels1 :i* are di/ribut$ lib]ally s z to patrol completely a trea*]\s /ret* ( %oals4 ,nor?w>ds ! s&y1 l[-ly+ wa/es give way to t[]+ cliffs1 among/ :i* ,flambor\gh ,head & its light are conspicu\s4 ,at ! f> nor!rn limit ( ! op]ations ( ,tr9ity ,h\se comes ! ,long/ones1 m\nt+ gu>d ov] ! t]rible ,f>ne ,isl&s & _! rocky outpo/s4 ,:o has n he>d ( ! h]oism ( ,grace ,d>l+1 ! light-keep]'s daught]1 & ! ?rill+ rescue1 9 ! tee? ( a hurricane1 ( ! exhau/$ survivors ( ! ,=f>%ire8 ,compla9ts h be5 made (t5 reg>d+ ! paucity ( p[]ful lights ar\nd ! coa/ ( ,engl&1 b ! criticism sc>cely is des]v$4 ,all ! prom95t & mo/ dang]\s spots are light$ adequately1 &1 z may be recogniz$1 ! provision ( ^! lights has prov$ an exact+ & co/ly ent]prise4 ,:at ,engl& may lack 9 numb]s 9 ?is p>ticul> field ( eng9e]+ is comp5sat$ = by ! d>+ nature ( ! works complet$1 :i* are reg>d$ ?r\gh\t ! _w z m>vell\s a*ievem5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,bell ,,rock ,,& ,,sk]ryvore ,,lights ,at fir/ sight x seems some:at rem>kable--"s might feel dispos$ to *all5ge ! ass]tion--t s small a c\ntry z ,scotl& %\ld /& pre-em95t among ! nations ( ! _w z be+ t possess$ ( ! greate/ numb] ( impos+ sea-rock lights4 ,b su* is ! case4 ,moreov]1 ,nor? ,brita9 (f]s "s ( ! f9e/ & mo/ impressive specim5s ( ! ligh?\se build]'s res\rce & skill to be f\nd 9 any "p ( ! globe4 ,:5 ! responsibility = light+ ! ,scotti% coa/s 0 h&$ ov] to ! ,commission]s = ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses1 "o ( _! fir/ tasks 0 ! adequate illum9ation ( ! wave-swept ,in*cape or ,bell ,rock1 :i* lies "s twelve miles (f ! ,scotti% ma9l& 9 ! busy portal ( ! ,fir? ( ,tay4 ,at t "t ?is s9i/] m5ace to navigation 0 n m>k$ 9 any way :atev]1 & app>5tly _h rema9$ 9 ?is unprotect$ condition ev] s9ce ! notori\s pirate1 ,ralph ! ,rov]1 cut away ! buoy-bell :i* _h be5 plac$ ^u x by ! ,abbot ( ,ab]bro?ock1 z n>rat$ 9 ,s\!y's fam\s ballad4 ,! rock1 or r reef--inasmu* z x measures #b1jjj feet f end to end1 & lies a?w>t ! fairway--is subm]g$ completely to a dep? ( #af feet at high spr+-tides1 :ile at l[e/ wat] only "s #d feet ( its cre/ are laid b>e "h & !re4 ,?is is n all4 ,! l$ge is ! summit ( a dang]\s1 sl[ly-ris+ subm>9e hillock1 :]e1 = a di/ance ( ab\t #ajj y>ds on ei!r side1 ! lead s\nds only #c fa?oms4 ,wrecks 7 s num]\s & t]rible at ?is spot t ! protection ( ! seaf>+ community became imp]ative1 & ! newly-appo9t$ gu>dians ( ! ,scotti% coa/ lo/ no "t 9 ju/ify+ ! tru/ repos$ 9 !m1 b erect$ a fir/-class light4 ,! ,eddy/one _h be5 conqu]$1 &1 al?\gh ! conditions 7 dissimil> & ! ent]prise bold]1 no tangible reason aga9/ its imitation 0 advanc$4 ,! eng9e] ,john ,r5nie 0 entru/$ ) ! "w1 :ile ,rob]t ,/ev5son 0 appo9t$ z 8 assi/ant4 ,! rock 0 survey$1 & a t[] simil> 9 its broad l9es to t evolv$ by ,smeaton = ! ,eddy/one 0 elaborat$1 & ! au?ority = its con/ruction giv5 9 ! ye> #ahjf4 ,"w ^u ! rock 9 ! e>lie/ /ages 0 conf9$ to ! calme/ days ( ! summ] season1 :5 ! tides 7 l[e/1 ! wat] 0 smoo!/1 & ! w9d 9 its calme/ mood4 ,"u su* conditions ! m5 7 able to /ay on ! site = ab\t five h\rs4 ,! eng9e] hop$ aga9/ hope t ! elem5ts w\ld be k9d to him1 & t he w\ld be able to complete ! prelim9>y "w ^u ! rock 9 "o season4 ,! con/ructional plans 7 prep>$ c>efully1 s t advantage might be tak5 ( e promis+ opportunity4 ,"o di/9ct drawback 0 ! necessity to e/abli% a depot "s di/ance f ! erect+ site4 ,^? 7 ! days be=e /eam navigation1 & ! caprici\s sail+ craft (f]$ ! only means ( ma9ta9+ communication betwe5 rock & %ore1 & = ! conveyance ( m5 & mat]ial to & fro4 ,! ye> #ahjg 0 devot$ to ! con/ruction ( vessels = ! "w1 & to ! e/abli%m5t ( work%ops ) ma*9]y & o!r facilities at ,arbroa?1 ! ne>e/ suitable po9t on ! ma9l& to ! rock4 ,a tempor>y beacon 0 plac$ on ! reef1 :ile adjac5t to ! site select$ = ! t[] a smi?'s =ge 0 made fa/1 s z to )/& ! dragg+ motion ( ! waves :5 ! rock 0 subm]g$4 ,! m5 7 h\s$ on ! ,smeaton1 :i* dur+ ! spells ( "w on ! rock rode at an*or a %ort di/ance away 9 deep wat]4 ,! arrangem5ts /ipulat$ t ?ree boats1 :i* 7 employ$ to br+ ! m5 f ! vessel to ! rock1 %\ld always be moor$ at ! l&+-place1 s t1 9 ! ev5t ( ! wea!r *ang+ = ! worse1 ! masons1 =c$ to cease "w sudd5ly1 might rega9 ! ,smeaton safely 9 "o trip1 ! ?ree boats be+ able to convey ?irty m51 :i* con/itut$ ! av]age complem5t on ! rock4 ,:ile ! prep>ations 7 proce$+ a%ore1 a little body ( work]s toil$1 :5ev] possible1 at cle>+ ! face ( ! rock & c>ry+ out ! requisite excavation "w4 ,:ile ?is 0 9 progress a disa/] 0 av]t$ v n>r[ly1 :i* w\ld h jeop>diz$ ! completion ( ! t[]1 ow+ to ! sup]/iti\s natures ( ! m5 engag$4 ,on ,septemb] #b1 #ahjg1 ! ,smeaton1 z usual1 _h br\ght out "s ?irty masons1 _h l&$ !m safely on ! rock1 & 0 rid+ at an*or4 ,sudd5ly ! w9d fre%5$1 & ! eng9e] on ! rock grew appreh5sive ( ! ,smeaton dragg+ h] cables4 ,a p>ty at once put (f f ! rock 9 "o ( ! ?ree boats & rega9$ ! %ip1 b 7 sc>cely abo>d :5 ! cables p>t$1 & ! vessel1 caught by ! w9d & tide1 made (f4 ,be=e ! m5 rega9$ control ( h] %e _h drift$ "s ?ree miles to leew>d4 ,meantime on ! rock ! situation 0 gr[+ s]i\s4 ,only ,mr4 ,/ev5son1 :o 0 sup]vis+ op]ations on ! spot1 & ! l&+-ma/] 7 aw>e ( its gravity4 ,! masons 7 s busy hew+1 bor+ & *isell+1 t !y _h n notic$ ! ,smeaton's drift4 ,b ! eng9e]1 obs]v+ ! fl[+ ( ! tide1 realiz$ t ! rock mu/ be subm]g$ be=e ! %ip c\ld be br\ght up aga94 ,he rack$ 8 bra9s to f9d "s means ( gett+ 8 gang ( m5 (f safely 9 ! nick ( "t1 b x 0 a se>*+ problem to solve ) only two boats1 :i*1 at ! utmo/1 c\ld c>ry tw5ty-f\r p]sons4 ,to make matt]s worse1 "o ( ^? mi/s :i* are s peculi> to ! ,scotti% coa/ began to settle d[n1 blott+ ev]y?+ f sight4 ,! wat] rose high]4 ,! m5 toil+ on ! l[e/ levels rec$$ high] & high] be=e ! advanc+ tide1 ?\gh /ill too deeply occupi$ 9 _! lab\rs to be/[ a ?\ght ^u ! ,smeaton4 ,at la/ ! smi?'s =ge 0 qu5*$1 & ?is 0 ! g5]al signal to ! m5 to prep>e to leave ! rock4 ,tools 7 collect$1 & ! p>ty /rode t[>ds ! l&+-/age to ent] ! boats4 ,conceive _! con/]nation :5 !y saw t "o boat 0 miss+6 ,:5 !y glanc$ ov] ! wat] ! ,smeaton 0 n rid+ 9 h] usual place--9 fact1 0 n[h]e to be se56 ,"o & all ga!r$ ar\nd ! eng9e] to le>n ! reason = ?is rem>kable brea* 9 ! arrangem5ts = _! safety1 & yet all 7 too dumbf\nd$ to "q or prote/4 ,z = ! luckless eng9e]1 he 0 at 8 wits' end & c\ld n (f] a ^w ( explanation to ! inquir+ looks t besieg$ him4 ,"o & all1 z ! wat] lapp$ _! feet1 realiz$ ! hopelessness ( ! position4 ,sudd5ly1 :5 !y 7 beg9n+ to despair1 "o ( ! m5 describ$ ! phantom =m ( a vessel mak+ = ! rock4 8,a boat60 he %\t$ 9 exultation4 ,sure en\gh ! %ad[ matur$ into ! famili> =m ( ! ,tay pilot-boat1 ! ma/] ( :i*1 obs]v+ ! workm5 on ! rock1 ! ris+ tide1 & ! abs5ce ( ! ,smeaton1 _h realiz$ t some?+ mu/ h gone wrong1 & approa*$ ! rock to make inquiries4 ,he came up at ! critical mom5t4 ,! m5 7 dr5*$1 &1 _! feel+s hav+ be5 /rung to a high pit* ) anxiety1 !y ne>ly collaps$ at ! arrival ( ?is unexpect$ assi/ance4 ,! pilot-boat1 aft] tak+ (f ! m51 await$ ! return ( ! ,smeaton1 :i* took !m on bo>d ab\t midnight4 ,?is n>r[ escape s t]rifi$ ! m5 t on ! foll[+ day ! eng9e] f\nd only eight ( 8 /aff ( ?irty-two1 :o 7 will+ to v5ture ^u ! rock aga94 ,:5 ?is gang return$ 9 ! ev5+1 _! safety appe>$ to re/ore c\rage to _! companions1 s t next day all express$ _! read9ess to resume _! tasks4 ,! fitful "* ( ! "w did n leave its m>k s di/9ctly z might be suppos$4 ,:5ev] !re 0 a *ance1 ! m5 work$ ) an amaz+ w & zeal2 & al?\gh ! fir/ /one ( ! t[] 0 n laid until ,july #aj1 #ahjh1 ?ree c\rses ( masonry 7 complet$ :5 ! und]tak+ 0 susp5d$ at ! end ( ,novemb] = ! w9t]4 ,! succe$+ season's toil saw ! addition ( ab\t #bg feet m ( ! t[]1 :i* 0 f9ally complet$ by ! close ( #ahaj4 ,! build+ 0 #abj feet 9 height1 & ! light 0 %[n = ! fir/ "t on ,febru>y #a1 #ahaa4 ,9 view ( ! difficulties :i* _h to be surm\nt$1 ?is 8ruddy gem ( *angeful light10 z x is describ$ by ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 0 n p>ticul>ly co/ly4 ,by ! "t x 0 br\ght into commission1 #fa1ccj1 or #cjf1fej1 _h be5 exp5d$4 ,9 #aijb1 aft] ne>ly a c5tury's s]vice1 ! t[] 0 provid$ ) a new light-room1 s z to br+ x into con=mity ) mod]n practice4 ,:ile ! ,bell ,rock t[] /&s z a monum5t to ! eng9e]+ ability ( ,rob]t ,/ev5son1 ! ,sk]ryvore1 on ! we/]n coa/1 is a /rik+ tribute to ! g5ius ( 8 son1 ,alan4 ,= =ty ye>s or m previ\s to #ahdd "o %ip at lea/ _h be5 caught & %att]$ e ye> on ?is tumbl$ mass ( gneiss4 ,f ! navigator's po9t ( view1 ! dang] ( ?is spot lay *iefly 9 ! fact t x 0 s widely scatt]$4 ,! ridge runs l a brok5 backbone = a di/ance ( "s eight miles 9 a we/-s\?-we/]ly direction1 & x is flank$ on ea* side by isolat$ rocks :i* jut f a badly-brok5 sea-b$4 ,! :ole mass lies "s di/ance out to sea1 be+ t5 miles s\?-we/ ( ,tyree & tw5ty-f\r miles we/ ( ,iona4 ,9 r\gh wea!r ! :ole ( ! rocks are cov]$1 & ! waves1 beat+ heavily on ! mass1 conv]t ! sc5e into "o ( indescribable tumult4 ,! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,lights ackn[l$g$ ! urg5t ne$ ( a light ^u ?is ridge1 b x 0 realiz$ t its erection w\ld repres5t ! mo/ d>+ feat ( ligh?\se eng9e]+ t _h be5 attempt$ up to ?is "t4 ,!re 0 only "o po9t :]e a t[] c\ld be plac$1 & ?is 0 s expos$ t ! safe h&l+ ( ! m5 & mat]ials con/itut$ a grave responsibility4 ,! rock has to )/& ! full impetus ( ! ,atlantic waves1 ga!r$ 9 _! #c1jjj miles' roll1 & inve/igations reveal$ ! fact t !y be> d[n ^u ! ,sk]ryvore ) a =ce equal to "s #c tons p] squ>e foot4 ,x 0 app>5t t any masonry t[] mu/ be ( prodigi\s /r5g? to resi/ su* a batt]+1 :ile at ! same "t a l(ty /ack 0 imp]ative1 because ! light n only w\ld h to m\nt gu>d ov] ! rock ^u :i* x /ood1 b also ov] a va/ /ret* ( dang]\s wat] on ei!r side4 ,aft] he _h complet$ ! ,bell ,rock light1 ,rob]t ,/ev5son attack$ ! problem ( ! ,sk]ryvore4 ,9 ord] to realize ! magnitude ( ! und]tak+1 "s ( ! ,commission]s accompani$ ! eng9e]1 b ! exp]i5ce ( pull+ out into ! op5 ,atlantic on a day :5 x 0 slightly ruffl$ some:at %ook _! det]m9ation to inve/igate ! reef f close qu>t]s4 ,sir ,walt] ,scott 0 a memb] ( ! p>ty1 & he has describ$ ! j\rney v graphically4 ,be=e !y _h gone f> ! ,commission]s on bo>d express$ _! will+ness to leave ! matt] entirely 9 ! h&s ( _! eng9e]4 ,) grim ,scotti% hum\r1 h[ev]1 ,rob]t ,/ev5son insi/$ t ! rock %\ld be ga9$1 s t ! ,commission]s might be able to grasp ! problem at fir/ h&4 ,b aft] all no?+ 0 done4 ,! difficulties surr\nd+ ! "w 7 only too app>5t to ! (ficials4 ,!y agre$ t ! exp5se mu/ be prodigi\s & t ! risks to ! workm5 w\ld be grave4 ,9 #ahcd a second exp$ition 0 despat*$ to ! reef "u ,alan ,/ev5son1 :o _h accompani$ 8 fa!r on ! previ\s occasion1 & :o n[ occupi$ ! eng9e]+ *air4 ,he survey$ ! reef ?or\ghly1 trav]s+ ! dang]\s *annels ar\nd ! isolat$ humps1 ( :i* no less ?an #acj 7 c\nt$1 at great risk to himself & 8 companions4 ,h[ev]1 he a*iev$ 8 object4 ,he discov]$ ! be/ site = ! t[] & return$ home to prep>e 8 plans4 ,8 proposals1 = ^? days1 c]ta9ly 7 />tl+4 ,he decid$ to foll[ g5]ally ! pr9ciples ( design1 :i* _h be5 laid d[n by 8 fa!r 9 reg>d to ! ,bell ,rock4 ,b he plann$ some?+ bigg] & m d>+4 ,he ma9ta9$ t a t[] #acj feet high1 ) a base diamet] ( #db feet1 tap]+ 9 a curve to #af feet at ! top1 0 absolutely necess>y4 ,x 0 ! l(tie/ & weightie/ "w ( its "* t _h ev] be5 contemplat$ up to ?is "t1 :ile ! peculi> situation ( ! reef dem&$ pione]+ "w 9 all directions4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,! ,,sk]ryvore1 ,,scotl&',s ,,mo/ ,,fam\s ,,ligh?\se4 ,! erection ( ?is t[] ^u a /raggl+ l[-ly+ reef #bd miles (f ,iona1 & expos$ to ! full fury ( ! ,atlantic1 ranks z "o ( ! _w's eng9e]+ wond]s4 ,! confid5ce ( ! ,commission]s 9 ! ability ( _! eng9e] 0 s complete t he receiv$ ! (ficial sanction to beg91 & 9 #ahch ! und]tak+ 0 comm5c$4 ,! eng9e] imm$iately =mulat$ 8 plans ( campaign = a /iff /ruggle ) ,nature4 ,"o ( ! greate/ difficulties 0 ! necessity to transport m51 supplies & mat]ial ov] a long di/ance1 z ! ,scotti% coa/ 9 ?is vic9ity is wild & sp>sely populat$4 ,he e/abli%$ 8 base on ! neighb\r+ isl& ( ,tyree1 :]e b>racks = ! workm51 & y>ds = ! prep>ation ( ! mat]ial1 7 erect$1 :ile ano!r colony 0 e/abli%$ on ! ,isle ( ,mull = ! qu>ry+ ( ! granite4 ,a t9y pi] or jetty _h to be built at ?is po9t to facilitate ! %ipm5t ( ! /one1 & at ,tyree a small h>b\r _h to be complet$ to receive ! vessel :i* 0 built specially = transportation purposes betwe5 ! base & ! rock4 ,ano!r prelim9>y 0 ! provision ( accommodation = ! masons ^u ! reef4 ,! ,atlantic swell1 :i* r5d]$ l&+ on ! ridge prec>i\s & haz>d\s1 did n p]mit ! m5 to be h\s$ ^u a float+ home1 z _h be5 ! practice 9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,bell ,rock t[]4 ,9 ord] to p]mit ! "w to g =w>d z un9t]rupt$ly z ! sea w\ld p]mit1 a peculi> b>rack 0 erect$4 ,x 0 a h\se on /ilts1 ! legs be+ sunk firmly into ! rock1 ) ! liv+-qu>t]s p]*$ "s #dj feet up 9 ! air4 ,! skeleton type ( /ructure 0 select$ because x did n imp$e ! natural movem5t ( ! waves4 ,x 0 an +5i\s idea1 & fulfill$ ! purpose ( its design] admirably1 :ile ! m5 became accu/om$ to _! /range home aft] a "t4 ,= two ye>s x )/ood ! seas )\t incid5t1 & ! eng9e] & m5 came to reg>d ! eyrie z safe z a h\se on %ore4 ,b "o night ! little colony receiv$ a %ock4 ,! angry ,atlantic got "o or two ( its trip-hamm] bl[s well home1 & sma%$ ! /ructure to fragm5ts4 ,=tunately1 at ! "t x 0 unt5ant$4 ,! workm51 :o 7 on %ore wait+ to g out to ! rock to resume _! toil1 7 d[nca/ at ?is unexpect$ disa/]1 b ! eng9e] 0 n at all ruffl$4 ,he promptly s5t to ,glasg[ = fur!r mat]ial1 & lo/ no "t 9 rebuild+ ! qua9t b>rack ^u new & /rong] l9es4 ,?is erection defi$ ! waves successfully until its demolition aft] ! ,sk]ryvore 0 f9i%$4 ,resid5ce 9 ?is t[] 0 e]ie4 ,! m5 climb$ ! ladd] & ent]$ a small room1 :i* s]v$ ! purposes ( kit*51 d9+-room1 & p>l\r4 ,x 0 b>ely #ab feet across--qu>t]s some:at cramp$ = ?irty m54 ,:5 a /orm 0 rag+1 ! waves1 z !y comb$ ov] ! rock1 %ook ! legs viol5tly & scurri$ "u ! floor 9 see?+ foam4 ,n[ & aga9 a roll]1 ris+ high] ?an its fell[s1 broke ^u ! rock & s5t a mass ( wat] aga9/ ! floor+ to hamm] at ! door4 ,above ! liv+-room 7 ! sleep+-qu>t]s1 high & dry1 save :5 a %[] ( spray fell ^u ! ro( & walls l heavy hail1 & occasionally p]colat$ ! jo9ts ( ! woodwork4 ,! m51 h[ev]1 7 n p]turb$4 ,sleep+1 ev5 "u su* conditions1 0 f> pref]able to d\btful re/ 9 a bunk ^u an att5dant vessel1 roll+ & pit*+ ) ! motion ( ! sea4 ,!y _h _h a surfeit ( su* exp]i5ce dur+ ! fir/ season's "w1 :ile ! b>rack 0 "u erection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b>ra ,,head ,,ligh?\se1 ,,scotl&4 ,! t[] is #fj feet 9 height1 b ow+ to its position on ! cliffs1 ! :ite occult+ light is #fhc feet above high wat]1 & is visible #cc miles4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,! ,,homes ,,( ,,! ,,keep]s ,,( ,,! ,,sk]ryvore ,,& ,,dhu-,,he>ta* ,,lights4 ,on ! ,isl& ( ,tiree1 ,argyll%ire1 #aj miles away4 ,yet ! m5 c\ld n grumble4 ,! eng9e] responsible = ! "w %>$ _! privations & discom=ts1 = ,alan ,/ev5son clung to ! rock night & day :ile "w 0 9 progress1 & he has giv5 a v vivid impression ( life 9 ?is qua9t home on legs4 ,he relates h[ he 8sp5t _m a we>y day & night--at ^? times :5 ! sea prev5t$ anyone go+ d[n to ! rock--anxi\sly look+ = supplies f ! %ore1 & e>ne/ly look+ = a *ange ( wea!r fav\rable = prosecut+ ! works4 ,= miles ar\nd no?+ c\ld be se5 b :ite foam+ break]s1 & no?+ he>d b h[l+ w9ds & la%+ waves4 ,at su* seasons mu* ( our "t 0 sp5t 9 b$1 = !re alone we _h effectual %elt] f ! w9ds & spray1 :i* se>*$ e cranny 9 ! walls ( ! b>rack4 ,our slumb]s1 too1 7 at times fe>fully int]rupt$ by ! sudd5 p\r+ ( ! sea ov] ! ro(1 ! rock+ ( ! h\se on its pill>s1 & ! spurt+ ( wat] ?r\gh ! seams ( ! doors & w9d[s--symptoms :i*1 to "o sudd5ly ar\s$ f s\nd sleep1 recall$ ! appall+ fate ( ! =m] b>rack1 :i* _h be5 engulf$ 9 ! foam n #bj y>ds f our dwell+1 & = a mom5t seem$ to summon u to a simil> fate40 ,! "w ^u ! rock 0 t$i\s & exasp]at+ 9 ! extreme4 ,! gneiss 0 ( madd5+ h>dness & ob/9acy--8f\r times z t\gh z ,ab]de5 granite0 0 ! g5]al op9ion4 ,! ,atlantic1 p\nd+ ! rock cont9u\sly ?r\gh ! c5turies1 _h fac$ x smoo!r ?an c\ld any mason ) 8 tools1 yet _h n left x suffici5tly s\nd to receive ! f\ndations4 ,9 ! ext]nal lay]1 :i* ! masons lab\r$ /r5u\sly to remove ) _! puny tools1 !re 7 cracks & crevices "h & !re4 ,! /ubborn rock play$ havoc ) ! f9e/ *isels & drills1 & cle>+ _h to be effect$ = ! mo/ "p by ! aid ( gunp[d]4 ,?is p[]ful ag5t1 h[ev]1 c\ld only be us$ sp>+ly & ) extreme skill1 s t ! rock-face might n be %iv]$ or %att]$ too sev]ely4 ,moreov]1 ! m5 ran extreme risks1 = ! rock spl9t]$ l glass1 & ! fly+ *ips 7 capable ( do+ z mu* damage1 :5 ?us impell$1 z a bullet4 ,:ile ! f\ndations 7 be+ prep>$1 & until ! b>rack 0 con/ruct$1 ! m5 ran o!r t]rible risks e morn+ & night 9 l&+ ^u & leav+ ! poli%$ surface ( ! reef4 ,five mon?s dur+ ! summ] 0 ! work+ season1 b ev5 !n _m days & weeks 7 (t5 lo/ ow+ to ! swell be+ too great to p]mit ! r[+-boat to come alongside4 ,! eng9e] relates t ! "w 0 8a good lesson 9 ! s*ool ( pati5ce10 because ! delays 7 frequ5t & gall+1 :ile e /orm :i* got up & exp5d$ its rage ^u ! reef left its m>k indelibly among ! eng9e]'s /ock-9-trade4 ,cranes & o!r mat]ial 7 swept away z if !y 7 corks2 la%+s1 no matt] h[ /rong1 7 snapp$ l pack-?reads4 ,"t aft] "t ! t5d] ly+ alongside _h to weigh an*or hurri$ly1 & make a spirit$ run to its hav5 at ,tyree4 ,:5 ! b>rack 0 erect$1 ! situation 0 eas$ some:at1 b !n ! h\rs became long4 ,op]ations be+ conf9$ to ! summ] mon?s1 ! av]age work+ day 0 f f\r 9 ! morn+ until n9e 9 ! ev5+--sev5te5 h\rs--) int]vals = meals2 b ! m5 7 n av]se to ! prolong$ daily toil1 inasmu* z cessation br\ght no welcome relaxations1 b r enc\rag$ brood+s ov] _! isolat$ position1 :]eas occupation s]v$ to keep ! m9d engag$4 ,twice ! m5 _h sev]e frights dur+ ! night4 ,on ea* occasion a viol5t /orm sprang up aft] !y _h gone to b$1 & "o or two ugly break]s1 gett+ _! bl[s home1 %ook ! eyrie ) ! =ce ( an e>?quake4 ,e man leap$ out ( 8 bunk1 & "o or two ( ! m timid1 9 _! fright1 hurri$ d[n ! ladd] & sp5t ! rema9+ spell ( d>kness %iv]+ & quak+ on ! complet$ trunk ( ! ligh?\se1 deem+ x to be saf] ?an ! crazy-look+ /ructure :i* s]v$ z _! home4 ,two ye>s 7 occupi$ ^u ! f\ndations1 ! fir/ /one be+ laid by ! ,duke ( ,argyll on ,july #g1 #ahdj4 ,?is em95t p]sonage ev9c$ a deep int]e/ 9 ! "w & ! difficulties :i* _h to be ov]come1 & z proprietor ( ! isl& ( ,tyree ext5d$ to ! ,commission]s free p]mission to qu>ry any granite !y requir$ f any "p ( 8 e/ate4 ,= a height ( "s #ba feet f ! f\ndation level ! t[] is a solid trunk ( masonry4 ,!n come ! entrance & wat]-tanks1 foll[$ by n9e floors1 compris+ successively coal-/ore1 work%op1 /or]oom1 kit*51 two b$rooms1 libr>y1 oil-/ore1 & light-room1 ! :ole occupy+ a height ( #acj feet1 cr[n$ by ! lant]n4 ,z a specim5 ( ligh?\se eng9e]+1 ! ,sk]ryvore has become fam\s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,! /ones =m+ ! solid c\rses at ! bottom are atta*$ to "o ano!r s firmly & +5i\sly z to secure ! maximum ( /r5g? & solidity1 ! result be+ t no?+ %ort ( an e>?quake c\ld ov]?r[ ! /alk ( masonry4 ,! erection ( ! sup]/ructure 0 by no means free f dang] & excitem5t4 ,! work+ space bo? on ! t[] itself & ar\nd ! base 0 sev]ely cramp$4 ,! m5 at ! latt] po9t _h to keep a vigilant eye ^u ^? work+ above1 s9ce1 despite ! mo/ elaborate precautions1 falls ( tools & o!r heavy bodies 7 by no means infrequ5t4 ,not)/&+ its p]il\s "*1 ! und]tak+ 0 free f accid5t & fatality1 &1 al?\gh ! m5 7 compell$ by =ce ( circum/ances to dep5d mo/ly ^u salt food/uffs1 ! little colony suff]$ v slightly f ! ravages ( dys5t]y4 ,probably ! wor/ exp]i5ce 0 :5 ! m5 on ! rock 7 wea!r-b\nd = sev5 weeks dur+ "o season4 ,! wea!r broke sudd5ly4 ,heavy seas & adv]se w9ds rag$ s furi\sly t ! /eamboat d>$ n put out ( its hav51 b rema9$ !re ) /eam up1 pati5tly wait+ = a lull 9 ! /orm1 dur+ :i* !y might succ\r ! un=tunate m5 on ! reef4 ,! latt] pass$ a dre>y1 pitiable "t4 ,_! provisions sank to a v l[ level1 !y ran %ort ( fuel1 _! sodd5 clo?+ 0 worn to rags1 &1 :at 0 f> worse f _! po9t ( view1 _! tobacco became exhau/$4 ,! av]age work+ man w tol]ate extreme discom=t & privation s long z ! fri5d%ip ( 8 pipe rema9s1 b ! d5ial ( ?is companion comes z ! la/ /raw4 ,! lant]n is ( special design1 & is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful ar\nd ! ,scotti% coa/s4 ,x is ( ! revolv+ class1 rea*+ its brighte/ /ate once e m9ute1 & may be se5 f ! deck ( a vessel eighte5 miles away ,six ye>s 7 occupi$ 9 ! completion ( ! "w1 &1 z may be imag9$1 ! f9al t\*es 7 welcom$ ) ?ankfulness by all ^? :o _h be5 conc]n$ 9 ! ent]prise4 ,! t[] conta9s #d1cjh tons ( granite1 & ! total co/ 0 #hf1igg1 or #dcd1hhe1 r5d]+ x "o ( ! co/lie/ 9 ! _w4 ,?is sum1 h[ev]1 includ$ ! pur*ase ( ! /eam-vessel :i* n[ att5ds ! ligh?\se1 & ! con/ruction ( ! little h>b\r at ,hyni%4 ,! ligh?\se-keep]s live on ! isl& ( ,tyree1 :]e are provid$ sub/antial1 spaci\s1 s+le-floor1 masonry dwell+s ) g>d5s atta*$4 ,?is is practically a small colony 9 itself1 inasmu* z ! accommodation includes1 n only t = ! keep]s ( ! ,sk]ryvore1 b = ! gu>dians ( ! ,dhu-,he>ta* light z well4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,lonely ,,lights ,,( ,,scotl& ,b>r5 rugg$ness1 ragg$ reefs1 & t[]+ cliffs =m an apt description ( ! nor? & we/ coa/s ( ,scotl&1 & he is a prud5t navigator :o ackn[l$ges ! respect :i* ^! %ores dem&1 by giv+ !m a wide b]?4 ,! ,norwegian coa/ is s]rat$1 ! isl& ( ,newf\ndl& may be lik5$ to ! batt]$ edge ( a saw1 b ,scotl& is unique 9 its =mation4 ,! coa/l9e is torn & tatt]$ by bays & fir?s1 ) scatt]$ outly+ ramp>ts4 ,! capta9 ( a 8tramp0 :o has sail$ ! sev5 seas once confess$ to me t no /ret* ( coa/l9e ev] gave him ! %iv]s s badly z ! /ret* ( %ore betwe5 ,duncansby ,head & ! ,mull ( ,k9tyre4 ,c]ta9ly a %ip 8go+ nor? ab\t0 is m5ac$ e mile ( h] way betwe5 ^! two po9ts unless %e takes a v circuit\s c\rse4 ,if ! wea!r conditions are fav\rable & daylight prevails1 ! ,nor? ( ,brita9 may be r\nd$ ?r\gh ! n>r[ /rait wa%+ ! ma9l& & ! ,orkney ,isl&s1 b ! ,p5tl& ,fir? is n an attractive %ort-cut4 ,! %ips t run betwe5 ,sc&9avian ports & ,nor? ,am]ica naturally foll[ ?is r\te1 z x is sev]al hundr$ miles %ort] ?an t via ! ,nor? ,sea & ,engli% ,*annel2 b !y keep a %>p eye on ! wea!r & are extremely cauti\s4 ,:5 ! ,p5tl& ,fir? is un9vit+1 !y may ei!r *oose ! pa? betwe5 ! ,orkneys & ! ,%etl&s1 or1 to elim9ate e elem5t ( risk1 may /& well out to sea1 & r\nd ! mo/ nor!rn /ret*es ( ! ,%etl&s4 ,^! are lonely seas1 comp>atively speak+1 & yet are well light$4 ,al?\gh a wick$ rock lies 9 ! c5tre ( ! ea/]n entrance to ! ,p5tl& *annel1 x is indicat$ by ! ,p5tl& ,sk]ries light4 ,:5 ! m>9] 9 8 wisdom pu%es /ill f>!r nor?1 he falls )9 ! gl>e ( ! rays ?r[n f ! beacon ne> ,muckle ,flugga4 ,?is is ! nor!rnmo/ po9t ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s1 & x is truly =bidd+4 ,! rock lies ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile (f ! ,%etl& ,isl&s1 & is a huge fang1 %e]+ to a height ( #aif feet above high-wat]4 ,on ! side fac+ nor? x re>s up s abruptly t x appe>s to lean ov]1 :ile on ! opposite side x is almo/ z /eep4 ,! majority ( ligh?\ses h be5 call$ into exi/5ce by ! claims ( comm]ce purely & simply4 ,b x 0 n s ) ! ,nor? ,un/ ligh?\se1 z ! beacon cr[n+ ?is p9nacle is call$4 ,w> 0 responsible = its creation1 ?\gh probably soon] or lat] ! requirem5ts ( peace w\ld h br\ght ab\t a simil> result4 ,:ile ! armies ( ,france & ,brita9 7 fight+ ! ,russians 9 ! ,crimea1 ! ,briti% fleet 0 hov]+ ab\t ^! wat]s1 wat*+ ! m\? ( ! ,baltic1 s z to fru/rate any attempts on ! "p ( ! ,russian fleet to da% ar\nd ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,scotl&4 ,9 ^? days ^! lonely seas 7 badly light$1 & ! ,admiralty realiz$ only too well ! _m p]ils to :i* ! w>%ips 7 expos$ :ile cruis+ ab\t ! pitiless coa/s ( ! ,orkneys & ,%etl&s4 ,accord+ly1 ! dep>tm5t call$ ^u ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses to m>k ,muckle ,flugga4 ,"t 0 ev]y?+1 & ! eng9e]s 7 urg$ to br+ a tempor>y light into op]ation ) ! lea/ delay4 ,! eng9e]s hurri$ly evolv$ a t[] :i* w\ld meet ! ,gov]nm5t ne$s4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ! extreme height ( ! rock w\ld l5d itself to ! erection ( a build+ :i*1 :ile possible ( e>ly completion1 w\ld be adequate = subsequ5t purposes4 ,! mat]ials = ! light1 toge!r ) a lant]n1 & a second build+ = ! /orage ( ! oil & o!r requisites1 7 %ipp$ nor?w>d f ,glasg[4 ,simultane\sly ! eng9e]s1 ) ano!r small gang ( m5 :o _h already rea*$ ! rock1 pu%$ on ) ! prelim9>y prep>ations1 s t :5 ! con/ructional vessel arriv$ erection might g ahead /raight=w>dly & rapidly4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,! ,,dhu-,,he>ta* ,,ligh?\se4 ,to ! left is ! l[] "p ( ! tempor>y /ructure 9 :i* ! build]s liv$ :ile erection 0 9 progress4 ,! eng9e]s tri$ ! rock f all sides to f9d a safe l&+4 ,?is 0 no light matt]1 ow+ to ! /eepness ( ! slope ev5 ^u ! easie/ face ( ! p9nacle4 ,! attempt repres5t$ a mild =m ( m\nta9e]+1 = ! sea _h batt]$ away ! projection ( ! l[]-ly+ levels1 & ! m5 f\nd x try+ to effect a foo?old1 ev5 9 /epp+ f ! boat on to ! rock4 ,!y _h to climb h& ov] h& up ! precipice1 ) life-l9es r\nd _! wai/s1 tak+ advantage ( e n>r[ l$ge4 ,) inf9ite lab\r !y ga9$ ! summit1 & !n !y f\nd t !re 0 j suffici5t space1 & no m1 ^u :i* to plant ! ligh?\se build+s4 ,! top 0 cle>$ quickly1 & !n ! advance p>ty set to "w to improve ! l&+-place on ! s\? side ( ! rock = ! reception ( ! build+ mat]ials4 ,a small site 0 prep>$ ) great difficulty1 z ! t\gh rock (f]$ a /]n resi/ance to ! *isels1 drills1 & w$ges2 :ile 9 addition ! m5 _h to cut /eps 9 ! flank ( ! rock to facilitate ! asc5t to ! site4 ,on ,septemb] #ad1 #ahed1 ! con/ructional vessel ,ph>os hove 9 sight1 &1 ! wea!r be+ fav\rable1 ! l&+ ( ! mat]ial 0 hurri$ =w>d4 ,! m5 _h to become pack-animals = ! "t1 c>ry+ ! loads on _! backs4 ,9 ?is mann] !y tramp$ labori\sly up & d[n ! cliff-face ) mat]ial & /ores ( all descriptions4 ,! heavi] & bulki] p>ts 7 haul$ up by rope & tackle1 a few feet at a "t1 & ?is task 0 q z exact+4 ,9 all1 #abj tons 7 convey$ to ! top ( ! crag4 ,con/ruction 0 ha/5$ j z fev]i%ly1 & on ,octob] #aa1 #ahed1 tw5ty-six days aft] ! ,ph>os an*or$ (f ,muckle ,flugga1 ! ,nor? ,un/ light %one out = ! fir/ "t4 ,?is is probably "o ( ! mo/ brilliant exploits t has ev] be5 consummat$ 9 connection ) ligh?\se eng9e]+1 ! m]it ( :i* is additionally impressive f ! fact t almo/ ev]y?+ _h to be accompli%$ by manual ef=t4 ,:ile ! light 0 admitt$ly ( a tempor>y "*1 ! importance ( ! outpo/ _h be5 appreciat$1 & x 0 det]m9$ to erect a p]man5t light ^u ! rock = ! guidance ( ^? :o compass ! ,nor? ( ,scotl& 9 ord] to pass f & to ! ,nor? ,atlantic4 ,x 0 decid$ to comm5ce ! p]man5t masonry build+ ! foll[+ ye>1 & a gang ( m5 volunte]$ to /ay beh9d on ! rock ?r\gh\t ! w9t] to complete all ! ess5tial prep>ations = ! f\ndations4 ,accommodation 0 available = ?is /aff 9 a sub/antial iron %elt]1 9 :i* !y made !mselves com=table = ! w9t]4 ,b x is dur+ ?is season t ! w9ds f ! nor?1 la%+ ! sea to fury1 create huge roll]s :i* ?und] ^u ! base ( ! p9nacle to crawl up its p]p5dicul> face 9 ! =m ( brok5 wat] & spray4 ,! m5 /&+ on ! br9k (t5 wat*$ ^! roll]s1 b nev] = a mom5t ?\ght t "o w\ld be able to leap to a height ( ne>ly #bjj feet & sweep ov] ! rock4 ,! ,decemb] gales dispell$ ?is illusion v conv9c+ly4 ,"o morn+ ! workm51 :ile breakfa/+ 9 _! w>m %elt]1 receiv$ a big surprise4 ,a t]rific bl[ /ruck ! door1 :i* flew op5 z if hit by a cannon-ball4 ,x 0 foll[$ in/antly by a ?ree-foot wall ( wat]4 ,! brok5 wave ru%$ r\nd ! ap>tm5t1 see?+ & foam+1 & !n out aga94 ,! workm5 7 dumbf\nd$1 b _h sc>cely recov]$ f ! %ock :5 ano!r roll ( wat] came cra%+ 9 & gave ! ap>tm5t ano!r ?or\gh flu%+ out4 ,"o ( ! ,scotti% workm5 v\*saf$ ! rem>k t ! man responsible = clean+ ! floors t day w\ld be sp>$ 8 job1 b he 0 sil5c$ :51 a few seconds lat]1 ano!r angry %eet ( wat] dropp$ on ! ro( ( ! build+ & ?reat5$ to sma% x 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,nor? ,,un/1 ,,brita9',s ,,mo/ ,,nor!rly ,,light4 ,! t[] is p]*$ on ! top ( a precipit\s crag1 ! light be+ #bfj feet above ! sea4 ,despite ?is height1 ! waves (t5 da% ov] ! lant]n4 ,! clos+ mon? ( t ye> 0 p>ticul>ly boi/]\s4 ,"t aft] "t :5 ! sea rose1 ! ligh?\se t[] 0 dr5*$ 9 wat]4 ,"o might ?9k x impossible t a wave c\ld get up suffici5t impetus to m\nt a height ( #bjj feet2 b ?is exp]i5ce (f]$ conclusive te/imony to ! contr>y & to ! imm5se p[] ( ! waves :5 !y h an un9t]rupt$ run ov] sev]al hundr$ miles ( op5 ocean4 ,9 a way1 ! t]rify+ exp]i5ce ( ^! m>oon$ workm5 0 invaluable4 ,!y report$ ! b>e facts to ! eng9e]s ^u ! fir/ opportunity1 & ?is intellig5ce br\ght ab\t a revision 9 ! designs = ! p]man5t masonry /ructure4 ,! pres5t ,nor? ,un/ ligh?\se is a massive masonry build+1 /&+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! small flat space on ! top ( ! p9nacle1 ) heavy masonry walls b\nd+ x on all sides4 ,! t[] is #fd feet 9 height1 :ile ! r$ & :ite light may be se5 f a di/ance ( tw5ty-"o miles 9 cle> wea!r4 ,t ! w9t] /orms ( #ahed 7 by no means exceptional has be5 prov$ up to ! hilt on sev]al occasions s9ce4 ,:5 ! nor'-we/] is r\s$ ?or\ghly1 ! break+ waves curl up ! cliff & ru% ov] ! lant]n4 ,su* a climb ( #bfj feet conveys a compell+ notion ( ! =ce ( ! sea4 ,! weight ( ! wat] ?r[n into ! air has ?reat5$ to ov]?r[ ! massive b\nd>y walls1 :ile n[ & aga9 ! invad] leaves tangible evid5ces ( its p[] by sma%+ ! w9d[s ( ! lant]n4 ,^u "o occasion x bur/ op5 ! heavy door1 :i* weighs ! be/ "p ( a ton4 ,! light-/ation is s]v$ by f\r keep]s1 two on duty simultane\sly1 _! homes be+ on ! isl& ( ,un/1 f\r miles away4 ,= ! conveyance ( wat]1 fuel1 provisions1 & o!r requirem5ts1 f ! l&+-/age to ! ligh?\se #bjj feet above1 an incl9$ railway has be5 provid$ on ! easi] slope1 s t ! m5 are no long] call$ ^u to pack _! provisions1 l mules1 f ! wat]-level up a /eep cliff1 z 0 =m]ly requir$4 ,r\nd+ ^! isl& dang]s1 ! navigator picks up ! light ( ,cape ,wra?1 glimm]+ f a height ( #cgj feet above ! wat]-level & /&+ at ! we/]n corn] ( ! rectangul> head ( ! ,scotti% ma9l&4 ,go+ s\?1 he has two passages available--! inn]1 :i* ext5ds ?r\gh ! ,m9*es & inside ! ,hebrides2 or ! out]1 :i* lies beyond ! latt] ramp>t4 ,9 mak+ ! out] passage he comes )9 range ( ! light %9+ f ! summit ( a lonely gr\p ( rocks /&+ "s tw5ty-two miles out to sea (f ! ,isle ( ,lewis4 ,^! are ! ,flann5 ,isl&s1 or ,sev5 ,hunt]s1 "o ( _m simil> lonely ,scotti% /ations4 ,! t[] is m\nt$ ^u ! cr[n ( "o ( ! highe/ po9ts1 & ! :ite gr\p-fla%+ light is visible ov] a radius ( tw5ty-f\r miles4 ,f>!r s\? ! seaf>] picks up & drops ! ,mona* ,isl&s light1 likewise ly+ out 9 ! ,atlantic1 "s t5 miles f ! ne>e/ l&4 ,f9ally1 r\nd+ ,b>ra ,head1 ! mo/ s\!rly po9t ( ! reef ly+ (f ,b>ra ,isl&1 ! light f :i* is ca/ #ehj feet above ! wat] ow+ to ! height ( ! cliff1 ! vessel slips into a huge ind5tation1 :]e isolat$ rocks peep above ! ,atlantic1 "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s ( :i* is indicat$ by ! ,sk]ryvore ligh?\se4 ,i h describ$ ! ,sk]ryvore light 9 ! previ\s *apt]2 b n9ete5 & a half miles to ! s\?-ea/ ( ! latt] is ano!r reef1 j z expos$1 :i* is z p]il\s 9 e respect4 ,inde$1 x may be said to con/itute a great] m5ace to ! navigation ( ^! wat]s1 s9ce x lies 9 ! cross-roads ( ! entrance to ! ,iri% ,*annel1 ! ,fir? ( ! ,clyde1 & ! ,m9*es4 ,a p[]ful light m\nts gu>d on ! ,rh9s ( ,islay1 tw5ty-sev5 miles due s\?1 b betwe5 ! latt] & ,sk]ryvore !re are =ty-?ree miles ( coa/1 z dang]\s z ! m>9] c\ld wi% to avoid1 ) ?is rock loom+ up almo/ halfway4 ,?is p]il is ! ,dhu-,he>ta*1 ly+ out to sea 9 deep wat]1 f\rte5 miles f ! ne>e/ po9t ( ! ma9l&4 ,! physical configuration ( ! sea-b$ at ?is po9t is some:at simil> to t prevail+ at ,sk]ryvore4 ,! ,ross ( ,mull tumbles abruptly into ! ,atlantic1 to reappe> out to sea 9 ! =m ( ! ,torr9 ,rocks1 :i* run = a di/ance ( f\r & a half miles 9 ! direction ( ,dhu-,he>ta*4 ,!n ! reef comes to a sudd5 /op1 to be se5 once m1 n9e miles f>!r out1 9 ! r\nd$ hump ( ,dhu-,he>ta*1 ?is be+ practically ! out]mo/ po9t ( ! ridge4 ,be+ s isolat$ & project+ s sudd5ly f deep wat]1 ?is l$ge claim$ _m victims among ! vessels frequ5t+ ^! unlight$ wat]s4 ,! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses 7 assail$ = n m>k+ ! dang] spot 9 "s =m or o!r4 ,! au?orities1 h[ev]1 7 fully alive to ! ne$ ( su* protection1 b x 0 n until #ahfg t !y 7 able to proce$ ) ! erection ( a ligh?\se4 ,! situation is peculi>1 & ! eng9e]s1 ,messrs4 ,d4 & ,t4 ,/ev5son1 7 fac$ ) a some:at p]plex+ problem recall+ ^? :i* _h aris5 9 conjunction ) ! ,sk]ryvore1 n f> di/ant4 ,inde$1 ! ,dhu-,he>ta* und]tak+ might v well be describ$ z a repetition ( ^? /ruggles1 ) a few m difficulties ( a diff]5t "* ?r[n 94 ,! rock itself 9 reality is a s]ies ( islets1 or hummocks1 surr\nd+ ! ma9 hump1 :i* is #bdj feet 9 l5g? by #acj feet 9 bread?1 ! highe/ po9t ( ! r\nd$ top be+ #ce feet above high-wat] at ord9>y spr+-tides4 ,on all sides ! lead m>ks v deep wat]1 ! result be+ t 9 times ( /orm & tempe/ ! roll]s ( ! ,atlantic1 hav+ a 8fet*0 ( "s #c1jjj miles or m1 ?und] ^u x ) t]rific =ce1 ! brok5 wat] leap+ high into ! air4 ,x is v seldom t ! rock c be approa*$ ev5 9 a small boat & ) a calm sea1 z ! hump is inv>iably encircl$ 9 a sc>f ( ugly surf4 ,! swell /rikes ! we/]n face ( ! rock1 is divid$1 fl[s r\nd ! nor!rn & s\!rn ends ( ! ob/ruction1 & reunites on ! ea/]n side4 ,consequ5tly ! rock is ne>ly always a c5tre ( di/urbance4 ,! di/ance ( ! rock f ! ma9l& complicat$ ! issue v mat]ially4 ,a suitable site _h to be prep>$ on %ore z a base1 :]e ! /ones c\ld be prep>$ = %ipm5t1 :ile a special /eam-t5d] 0 necess>y to run to & fro4 ,! h&l+ ( ! workm5 _h to be c>ri$ out ^u ! l9es :i* 7 adopt$ at ,sk]ryvore--namely1 ! erection ( a b>rack ^u a skeleton framework on ! rock1 :]e ! m5 might be left safely = days or weeks at a "t4 ,! %ore /ation select$ 0 at ,e>raid1 on ! neighb\r+ isl& ( ,mull1 because x 0 ! ne>e/ /rategical po9t to ! "w1 & because ample supplies ( fir/-class granite 7 available 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity1 ! proprietor1 ! ,duke ( ,argyll1 z 9 ! previ\s in/ance1 facilitat+ ! "w z f> z possible4 ,! au?ority to comm5ce op]ations 0 giv5 on ,m>* #aa1 #ahfg1 & ?is ye> 0 devot$ to complet+ prep>ations1 s t 9 ! foll[+ season "w might be />t$ 9 e>ne/ & c>ri$ on ?r\gh\t ! summ] at high pressure4 ,! fir/ task 0 ! erection ( ! b>rack on ! rock4 ,! workm5 got a%ore = ! fir/ "t on ,june #be1 #ahfg1 &1 al?\gh l&+ at all times 0 try+ & p]il\s1 attempts (t5 hav+ to be ab&on$ ow+ to ! swell1 ! eng9e] succe$$ 9 l&+ tw5ty-sev5 times up to ,septemb] #c1 :5 "w _h to be susp5d$ until ! foll[+ ye>4 ,despite ! %ortness ( ! season1 ! m5 made appreciable headway4 ,! iron framework ( ! b>rack 0 complet$ to ! fir/ ti]1 :ile a good beg9n+ 0 made ^u ! rock-face 9 connection ) ! f\ndations = ! ligh?\se4 ,:5 ! autumnal gales approa*$1 ev]y?+ 9 connection ) ! b>rack 0 left secure1 ! build]s be+ anxi\s to asc]ta9 h[ x w\ld wea!r ! w9t] gales & ! =ce & weight ( ! waves :i* bore d[n ^u x4 ,! eng9e]s f9ally decid$ ^u a t[] #ajg feet 9 height4 ,aft] try+ v>i\s curves = ! outl9e1 !y came to ! decision t a p>abolic fru/um w\ld af=d ! mo/ s]viceable design1 z well z provid+ ! maximum ( /r5g?4 ,a diamet] ( #cf feet 0 *os5 = ! base1 tap]+ gradually & gracefully to "o ( #af feet at ! top1 ) ! entrance #cb feet above ! base1 to :i* po9t ! cone 0 to be solid4 ,! arrangem5ts 7 t "w %\ld be resum$ 9 ! e>ly spr+ ( #ahfh1 s z to secure full advantage ( ! fav\rable ea/]ly w9ds4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ! special /eam-t5d] arriv$ on ,april #ad1 %e 0 load$ up ) necess>ies & m51 ready to proce$ to ! site directly ! w9d %\ld ve] r\nd to ! desir$ po9t ( ! compass4 ,b ) aggravat+ p]si/5cy x clung to ! we/ & s\?-we/ until ! end ( ,june1 s t _m valuable weeks 7 un=tunately lo/4 ,"t aft] "t1 :5 !re 0 a lull 9 ! wea!r1 ! /eam] put out f ,e>raid1 ! eng9e]s det]m9$ to make a da% = ! rock1 & z _m times !y 7 foil$1 z ! m5 c\ld n be got ?r\gh ! surf4 ,"o day1 h[ev]1 an h\r & a half 0 snat*$ on ! rock1 &1 al?\gh no "w c\ld be done 9 t "t1 yet ! int]val 0 suffici5t to enable ! eng9e]s to take a look r\nd & to see h[ _! h&iwork _h )/ood ! heavy gales ( ! previ\s w9t]4 ,!re 0 only "o m>k$ evid5ce ( ! ,atlantic's wra?4 ,"o section ( ! iron r+ connect+ ! heads ( ! legs ( ! b>rack at a height ( #cj feet _h be5 c>ri$ away4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,! ,,nor? ,,un/ ,,light4 ,! fir/ light 0 built 9 tw5ty-six days dur+ ! ,crimean ,w> at ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t's urg5t reque/4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,l&+ ,,wat] ,,at ,,! ,,nor? ,,un/4 ,%[+ tramway connect+ ) t[]1 #bjj feet above4 ,on ,june #bi ! w9d mod]at$ suffici5tly to enable ! m5 to be l&$1 b ! climatic conditions rema9$ adv]se4 ,! w9d refus$ to sw+ r\nd to ! ea/2 a we/]ly swell 0 ! luck day aft] day4 ,! eng9e]s _h to dodge ! ocean z be/ !y c\ld1 & "s idea ( ! h&icap "u :i* !y lab\r$ may be ga!r$ f ! fact t only f\r l&+s 7 made dur+ ! sixty-"o days ( ,may & ,june4 ,july enabl$ ! greate/ numb] ( l&+s to be effect$--?irte52 :ile dur+ ,augu/ & ,septemb] ! m5 only ga9$ ! rock on tw5ty-"o occasions1 mak+ a total ( ?irty-eight l&+s 9 ! c\rse ( #aec days4 ,dur+ ?is int]rupt$ season1 h[ev]1 ! b>rack 0 complet$4 ,x 0 a massive /ructure1 & resembl$ a huge iron b>rel secur$ endwise ^u an intricate arrangem5t ( /ilts :i* 7 heavily /ay$ & ti$ toge!r by diagonals & cross-memb]s4 ,9 ! two previ\s in/ances :]e a simil> arrangem5t _h be5 adopt$ ! tempor>y dwell+ _h be5 wr\ght 9 wood1 b on ?is occasion ! eng9e]s decid$ to adopt iron1 z !y conclud$ t a wood5 /ructure w\ld n f>e well aga9/ ! heavy seas4 ,?is 0 a =tunate decision1 because1 z subsequ5t exp]i5ce prov$1 a wood5 b>rack w\ld h receiv$ v %ort %rift f ! ,atlantic break]s2 9 fact1 probably x w\ld h gone d[n ) ! fir/ s\'-we/]4 ,! iron b>rack1 z ! workm5 n>rat$1 0 p\nd$ & batt]$ by ! waves mo/ unm]cifully2 b al?\gh x suff]$ at times1 quiv]+ & %ak+ "u ! t]rific impacts1 x wea!r$ all ! onslaughts4 ,"o int]e/+ incid5t s]ves to illu/rate ! p]ils to :i* ! workm5 7 expos$4 ,a date _h be5 set d[n :5 all ! m5 7 to be br\ght (f ! rock = ! season1 z ! approa* ( ! equ9ox r5d]$ fur!r toil extremely d\btful1 & !re 0 no int5tion ( unduly imp]ill+ !m4 ,! eng9e]'s resid5t repres5tative1 ,mr4 ,alex&] ,brebn]1 w5t out to ! rock on ,augu/ #bj1 ! day fix$ = ! susp5sion ( op]ations1 to inspect ! progress t _h be5 made & to h a la/ look r\nd4 ,at ! "t ( 8 arrival ! wea!r 0 beautifully calm1 & held out e promise ( rema9+ settl$ = sev]al days4 ,z ! season _h be5 s adv]se1 he decid$1 on 8 own responsibility1 to delay ! cessation ( toil1 s1 ) ! ?irte5 m51 he rema9$ on ! rock1 det]m9$ to make up leeway some:at :ile ! wea!r held out4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,! ,,flann5 ,,isl&s ,,light ,,/ation4 ,"o ( ,scotl&'s lonely beacons4 ,x m>ks a gr\p ( islets #ae miles (f ! ,hebrides4 ,9 #aijj ! ?ree keep]s my/]i\sly disappe>$1 & _! fate rema9s unsolv$ to ?is day4 ,b ! resid5t paid ! p5alty = 8 disob$i5ce4 ,! little p>ty retir$ t night ) ! />s %9+ brilliantly ov]head f a cl\dless sky1 & ) ! sea l a mirror4 ,9 ! middle ( ! night "o & all 7 r\s$ sudd5ly f _! slumb]s4 ,! w9d 0 ro>+1 & ! break]s 7 hamm]+ ^u ! rock1 :ile ! foam & surf ru%$ viol5tly betwe5 ! legs ( ! b>racks4 ,:5 ! m5 look$ out !y 7 confront$ ) a t]rify+ spectacle4 ,! night 0 black z pit*1 b ! sea :ite z a sn[-cov]$ pla91 f ! cre/s ( ! roll]s & ! surf play+ on & ar\nd ! rocks4 ,a furi\s gale _h sprung up ) ! *>act]i/ic sudd5ness ( ! ,atlantic1 & 0 already rag+4 ,! next morn+ no "o d>$ to v5ture outside ! iron home1 :ile ! gale1 in/ead ( abat+1 appe>$ to be increas+ 9 fury4 ,= five days ! m5 7 held fa/1 & at times _! fe>s got ! bett] ( !m4 ,?is 0 p>ticul>ly ! case :51 n[ & aga91 a m ?an ugly wave got up1 roll$ ov] ! rock1 & cra%$ ) full =ce aga9/ ! b>rack4 ,! build+ %ook & trembl$ fe>fully1 b its legs 7 driv5 too deeply into ! rock = x to be ov]turn$1 :ile ! cross-brac+ 0 too intricate = ! legs to be snapp$ (f4 ,aga9 & aga9 ! m5 7 plung$ into d>kness1 z a wall ( wat] ru%$ "r ov] ! drum1 not)/&+ t ! ro( 0 #gg feet above high-wat]4 ,_! fe>s rose almo/ to fr5zy :5 a break]1 leap+ ! rock1 drove full tilt aga9/ ! floor ( ! b>rack4 ,9 ?is upw>d ru% ( #ee feet ! build+ suff]$4 ,! m5's entrance to ! home 0 by means ( a heavy hat*1 or trapdoor1 :i* 0 bolt$ securely ^u ! inside4 ,?is p>ticul> comb] bur/ 9 ! hat* z if x 7 no ?ick] ?an ! wood ( a mat*box1 flood+ ! :ole comp>tm5t4 ,meantime ! eng9e]-9-*ief at ,ed9burgh _h he>d ( ! incid5t4 ,he _h giv5 /rict in/ructions t ! m5 %\ld be br\ght (f on ,augu/ #bj1 & :5 ! intellig5ce 0 communicat$ to him t 8 ord] _h be5 disobey$1 & t 8 m5 7 9 s]i\s /raits1 he became di/ract$4 ,he knew only too well h[ ! waves bomb>d ,dhu-,he>ta*4 ,mr4 ,david ,/ev5son relat$ to me h[ 8 fa!r pac$ ! (fices dur+ ! day1 & 8 own home at night1 unable to dr[n 8 ?\ghts 9 "w or sleep4 ,8 worry 0 int5sifi$ z ! true "* ( ! gale came to 8 e>s4 ,he _h plann$ ev]y?+ ) su* c>e t nei!r life nor limb ( a s+le workman ne$ be jeop>diz$1 & "h he 0 confront$ ) ! possibility ( los+ f\rte5 m5 at "o /roke6 ,! iron b>rack1 al?\gh /aun*ly con/ruct$1 0 j z likely z n to succumb to ! full brunt ( a v vici\s s\'-we/]1 s !re 0 e excuse = 8 anxiety4 ,he gave ord]s t ! /eam-t5d] 0 to /& by ) /eam rais$1 s z to make a da% = ! rock ^u ! fir/ opportunity4 ,no "o _h a mom5t's peace until at la/ ! news came ?r\gh t ! /eam-t5d] _h be5 out to ! rock1 & ) mu* difficulty _h got hold ( ! f\rte5 m5 & br\ght !m a%ore1 some:at sc>$ & be>+ evid5ces ( _! exp]i5ce1 b unh>m$4 ,mr4 ,/ev5son told me t he c\ld n q say :i* 0 worse--! di/ract$ w&]+s ( 8 fa!r1 or ! expression ( 8 p5t-up feel+s :5 he met ! un=tunate resid5t a few days lat]1 :o 0 tak5 sev]ely to task = 8 flagrant brea* ( ord]s1 :]eby ! lives ( ! workm5 _h be5 imp]ill$ s unnecess>ily4 ,! ye> #ahfi 0 k9d] to ! eng9e]s1 & great headway 0 made4 ,! m5 7 able to make _! fir/ l&+ on ! rock z e>ly z ,m>* #be1 & x 0 accessible up to ,octob] #bi1 :5 all =ces )drew f ! sc5e = ! w9t]4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod sixty l&+s 7 effect$1 :ile heavy supplies ( masonry & o!r mat]ials 7 %ipp$ to ! site4 ,! masons took up _! p]man5t resid5ce 9 ! b>rack on ,april #bf1 & did n leave x until ,septemb] #c1 :ile !y 7 able to squeeze 9 #aac days ( toil1 ) a welcome re/ f _! lab\rs on ,sundays4 ,! excavations = ! f\ndations 7 complet$ spe$ily1 & on ,june #bd ! erection ( ! t[] 0 comm5c$4 ,! /ones 7 br\ght ready = sett+ 9 position1 & 7 laid s rapidly t by ! end ( ! mon? two c\rses 7 complet$ & ! ?ird _h be5 well advanc$4 ,!n came a tempor>y setback4 ,a blu/]\s summ] gale sprang up1 & ! sea1 aft] assault+ ! rock = two days1 succe$$ 9 leav+ its m>k4 ,! crane & o!r tackle at ! l&+-/age 7 wa%$ away1 :ile f\rte5 /ones laid 9 ! ?ird c\rse 7 uproot$1 ( :i* elev5 7 se5 no m4 ,! wat] 9 ?is case _h to leap upw>ds = #ce feet1 :ile ! /ones :i* x c>ri$ away weigh$ #b tons apiece1 & 7 firmly joggl$1 s t ! wr5* :i* displac$ !m mu/ h be5 t]rific inde$4 ,if a summ] gale c\ld wreak su* damage1 :at 0 ! dread$ equ9ox likely to a*ieve8 ,! eng9e]s 7 s mu* impress$ t !y !reupon made assurance d\bly sure by effect+ a modification ( ! orig9al plans4 ,:5 ! "w 0 comm5c$1 x 0 int5d$ to take ! solid "p ( ! t[] up to a height ( #eb feet #aj in*es above high-wat]4 ,! effects ( ?is summ] gale induc$ !m to cont9ue ! solid section a fur!r #aa feet1 s t ! entrance level is #fd feet #d in*es above high-wat] m>k4 ,! result is t ! solid base ( ! ,dhu-,he>ta* t[] weighs no less ?an #a1hdj tons--m ?an "o-half ! total weight ( ! /ructure--& is execut$ ?r\gh\t 9 massive blocks ( grey granite4 ,! t[] conta9s six floors above ! entrance hall1 ^!1 on asc5d+ ! spiral /aircase1 be+ z foll[s3 oil-/ore1 kit*51 provision-/ore1 b$room1 dry-room1 & light-room4 ,! masonry "p ( ! "w 0 complet$ by ! end ( ! season ( #ahga1 & ! fir/-ord] dioptric1 fix$1 :ite light 0 exhibit$ on ,novemb] #a1 #ahgb4 ,! focal plane1 be+ #ade feet above ! wat]-level1 has a range ( eighte5 nautical miles4 ,! total co/ ( ! "w 0 #gf1jhd1 or #chj1dbj1 ( :i* sum ! %ore /ation 0 responsible = #aj1cjj1 or #ea1ejj4 ,! ocean made an attempt to defeat ! workman%ip & skill ( ! eng9e]s 9 ! v w9t] foll[+ ! op5+ ( ! ligh?\se4 ,on ! lee side ( ! t[] !re is a copp] lightn+-conductor1 #a in* ?ick by #a in*es wide1 :i* is let into a *annel cut 9 ! /onework1 s t x comes flu% ) ! face ( ! build+4 ,?is conductor is fix$ at int]vals ( #e feet 9 a sub/antial mann]4 ,! w9t] /orms ( #ahgb tore "s #aj feet out ( ?is *annel ne> ! base ( ! /ructure1 & wr5*$ ! screws f _! sockets2 :ile at ! kit*5 w9d[ level1 :i* is #ib feet above high-wat]1 ! rod 0 simil>ly di/urb$ = "s di/ance4 ,x w be se5 t ! waves :i* assail ,dhu-,he>ta* are by no means to be despis$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,fa/net1 ,,! ,,outpo/ ,,( ,,europe ,f\r & a half miles out to sea1 sep>at$ f ,cape ,cle>1 ! mo/ s\?-we/]ly po9t ( ,irel&1 by a trea*]\s *annel1 rises ! jagg$1 =midable %ape ( ! ,fa/net4 ,to m>9]s ! rock1 ) its brilliant %aft ( light by night1 has develop$ into m ?an a m]e beacon4 ,x is ! fir/ & la/ light ( ! ,old ,_w on ! ea/w>d & we/w>d passages across ! ,atlantic4 ,all pass+ vessels are 8spok50 f ?is po9t to ,london1 ,new ,york1 & else:]e4 ,x 0 9 ! e>ly fifties ( ! pa/ c5tury t ! eng9e] conceiv$ ! idea ( plant+ a light ^u ?is lonely crag4 ,m>itime int]e/s _h agitat$ = a beacon = _m ye>s previ\sly1 s9ce1 al?\gh a w>n+ gleam 0 ?r[n f ! /ation on ,cape ,cle>1 ?is ray (t5 0 invisible1 or p>tially obscur$1 ow+ to ! wrea?s ( cl\d & mi/ :i* drap$ ! summit ( ! headl&4 ,! build] 0 ,mr4 ,george ,halp91 eng9e] to ! ,port ( ,dubl9 ,corporation1 :i* 0 responsible at t "t = ! illum9ation ( ! %ores ( ,irel&4 ,8 task 0 n to be despis$4 ,! ,fa/net itself is m]ely a p9nacle1 ris+ precipit\sly to a height ( ab\t #ajj feet above l[-wat]1 b x is ! c5tre ( _m dang]s4 ,x is flank$ on all sides by ne$le-po9ts & ridges2 ! curr5ts run /rongly1 & ! tides are wick$1 r5d]+ approa* unc]ta9 ev5 9 ! smoo!/ wea!r4 ,! indefatigable eng9e] attack$ 8 task boldly4 ,he *ose ! highe/ po9t ( ! rock z ! site = 8 t[]1 :i* 0 a ca/-iron cyl9drical build+1 #ia feet 9 height4 ,! lant]n 0 equipp$ ) a revolv+ app>atus :i* ?rew a fla% ( #ch1jjj c&le-p[] = fifte5 seconds once e two m9utes f an elevation ( #adh feet1 rotation be+ obta9$ ?r\gh a belt & a weight-driv5 clock4 ,its erection 0 a t$i\s und]tak+2 al?\gh a />t 0 made 9 #ahdh1 x 0 n until ,janu>y #a1 #ahed1 t ! light fir/ ca/ its welcome rays ov] ! wa/es ( ! ,atlantic1 by :i* "t #bj1jjj1 or #ajj1jjj1 _h be5 sp5t ^u ! und]tak+4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ! 8,sci5tific ,am]ican40 ,,build+ ,,! ,,fa/net ,,rock ,,ligh?\se4 ,look+ d[n f ! top ( ! rock ^u ! m5 sett+ "o ( ! solid masonry c\rses4 ,= t5 ye>s ,halp9's "w successfully defi$ ! elem5ts1 al?\gh at times ! keep]s grew some:at appreh5sive conc]n+ its /ability4 ,"t aft] "t1 dur+ heavy gales1 x seem$ z if x mu/ succumb to ! /orm4 ,! waves curl$ up ! cliff & /ruck ! t[] ) /agg]+ =ce1 caus+ x to tremble l a leaf4 ,on "o occasion a cup ( c(fee /&+ ^u ! table 0 ?r[n to ! floor4 ,:ile ! %aft defi$ ! mo/ sev]e p\nd+s1 ! cliff itself gave way1 & l>ge masses ( rock on :i* ! t[] /ood 7 c>ri$ away4 ,"o huge *unk1 weigh+ "s #c tons1 0 deta*$1 &1 z x slipp$ d[n1 0 pick$ up by ! next incom+ wave1 to be hurl$ ) t]rific =ce aga9/ ! t[]1 b )\t inflict+ any m>k$ damage4 ,on ano!r occasion a cask conta9+ #fj gallons ( fre% wat]1 :i* ! keep]s _h made fa/ to ! rail+ ( ! gall]y surr\nd+ ! lant]n1 #acc feet above ! wat]1 0 wr5*$ free by a wave :i* da%$ ov] ! rock1 & 0 swept away z if x 7 an empty t94 ,! keep]s' anxiety "u ^! circum/ances may be und]/ood4 ,at la/1 9 ,april1 #ahfe1 ! consult+ eng9e] to ! ,corporation visit$ ! ligh?\se 9 company ) ,mr4 ,george ,/ev5son1 ! fam\s ,scotti% ligh?\se build]1 to exam9e ! rock ?or\ghly4 ,! latt] sugge/$ c]ta9 recomm5dations to insure ! /ability ( ! t[]2 b :5 ! sanction ( ! ,bre?r5 ( ,tr9ity ,h\se 0 s\ght1 !y def]r$ a decision until _! own eng9e] _h visit$ ! works1 al?\gh !y appreciat$ ,mr4 ,/ev5son's advice4 ,"s ( ! recomm5dations advanc$ by ,mr4 ,/ev5son 7 foll[$ subsequ5tly1 & ?is reluctant recognition ( 8 k br\ght its rew>d4 ,! au?orities--n[ ! ,commission]s ( ,iri% ,lights--_h a fright 9 #ahha4 ,! /orms ( t w9t] 7 among ! heavie/ t h ev] assail$ ! ,briti% ,isl&s4 ,! ,calf ,rock light1 :i* 0 a simil> t[] to ! ,fa/net1 & :i* _h be5 /r5g!n$ ^u id5tical l9es1 came to grief4 ,! t[] 0 brok5 (f at ! po9t :]e ! re9=cem5t ceas$4 ,?is disa/] naturally ar\s$ _m misgiv+s conc]n+ ! luck ( ! ,fa/net4 ,_h x %>$ a simil> fate dur+ ! same gale8 ,to _! int5se relief1 ! ,commission]s f\nd t x _h issu$ f ! conflict ) no m injuries ?an a few brok5 panes ( glass4 ,! t[] )/ood ! attacks ( w9d & wave successfully until #ahia1 :5 ! ,commission]s came to ! conclusion t x 0 "t ! ,fa/net light 0 improv$1 to meet ! requirem5ts ( ! busi] m]cantile traffic pass+ ! po9t4 ,accord+ly1 ,mr4 ,william ,d\glass1 ! eng9e] to ! ,commission]s1 recomm5d$ a new t[]1 fitt$ ) ! late/ =m ( illum9ation1 s z to br+ x into l9e ) ! o!r lead+ lights ( ! _w4 ,he advocat$ a t[] ( masonry ) ! focal plane at an elevation ( #aei feet2 ! %aft1 #adg feet high1 spr++ f a position #f in*es bel[ high-wat]1 ) a diamet] at ! base ( #db feet4 ,! co/ ( ! light 0 e/imat$ at #gj1jjj or #cej1jjj4 ,"o _c help admir+ ! d>+ ( ! eng9e]1 s9ce he decl9$ to be assi/$ by ! rock summit 9 8 purpose4 ,in/ead he pref]r$ ! l$ge ( a *asm on ! h>de/ "p ( ! rock bel[ high-tide1 & directly expos$ to ! full =ce ( ! sea4 ,he ma9ta9$ t su* a t[]1 plant$ on ?is %elf1 w\ld receive ! =ce ( ! heavie/ seas be=e !y rose to _! full height2 also by build+ ! base ( ! t[] 9 ! =m ( /eps1 z 9 ! case ( a breakwat]1 an excell5t buff] w\ld be (f]$ to ! roll]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,! ,,fa/net ,,t[]4 ,%[+ d]rick = sett+ ! /ones into position4 ,illu/ration3 ,! 8,sci5tific ,am]ican40 ,,erect+ ,,! ,,fa/net ,,lant]n4 ,?is illu/ration gives a /rik+ idea ( its height4 ,! new design came at an opportune mom5t4 ,ano!r inspection ( ! exi/+ t[] by ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,scott1 ! pres5t eng9e]-9-*ief to ! ,commission]s1 reveal$ a p>l\s /ate ( affairs4 ,halp9's build+ 0 on ! v]ge ( collapse4 ,_m ( ! plates 9 ! upp] /ories _h work$ loose "u ! p\nd+s inflict$ by ! seas1 & 9 _m in/ances ! bolts hold+ ! fabric toge!r 7 %e>$4 ,repairs _h to be made ha/ily to enable ! old t[] to hold out until ! new ligh?\se 0 erect$4 ,be=e ! "w 0 comm5c$1 ! design]1 z a result ( fur!r inve/igation1 decid$ to increase ! diamet] ( 8 t[] to #eb feet at ! base4 ,! l[e/ c\rses did n comprise complete r+s ( masonry1 b 7 an*or$ at ! po9ts :]e ! circle 0 brok5 into ! face ( ! cliff1 s z to =m an integral "p !re(1 z x 74 ,! dep? ( ?is p>tial r+work is #bf feet1 at :i* level ! fir/ complete r+ ( masonry 0 laid4 ,!nce=w>d ! t[] is solid ?r\gh\t its ?ickness = a fur!r height ( #cj feet1 except = a c5tral circul> space =m+ ! wat]-tank1 :i* holds #c1bej gallons ( wat]4 ,f ?is po9t ! masonry /ructure rises gracefully to a height ( #hh-a_/h feet to ! lant]n gall]y4 ,! ligh?\se is divid$ into eight floors1 af=d+ liv+-rooms = ! keep]s1 /or]ooms = oil1 fog-signals1 provisions1 coal1 etc4 ,! ligh?\se1 ! l&+-/age1 & o!r appurt5ances1 are execut$ 9 ,corni% granite ?r\gh\t4 ,! blocks 7 fa%ion$ f pick$ /one ( f9e1 close1 h>d gra91 & rang$ up to #d & #e tons 9 weight4 ,! me?od ( con/ruction foll[$ ! approv$ l9es ( to-day1 9 :i* ea* /one is dovetail$ into its neighb\r1 above1 bel[1 & on ei!r side4 ,z ! /ones 7 cut & fitt$ 9 ! ,corni% qu>ries1 !y 7 set up & fitt$ c\rse by c\rse4 ,!n1 :5 !y _h met ! approbation ( ! eng9e] deput$ = ?is duty1 !y 7 numb]$ & giv5 o!r id5tification m>ks1 s t ^u rea*+ ! base at ,rock ,isl&1 ^u ! ,iri% ma9l&1 )9 easy rea* ( ! ,fa/net1 !y c\ld be despat*$ 9 rotation to ! site1 to be set 9 position4 ,x 0 9 ,augu/1 #ahif1 t ! fir/ little squad ( lab\r]s l&$ on ! ,fa/net1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,james ,kavanagh1 a fir/-class all-r\nd mason--"o ( ^? m5 :o occupy a unique position :5 em]g5cy calls4 ,he 0 j ! type ( =eman t ! task dem&$1 c>eful1 d>+1 a h>d work]1 zeal\s1 dauntless4 ,once he _h l&$ on ! rock to prep>e ! f\ndations1 he seldom left x2 &1 :at is m1 e /one con/itut+ ! t[] 0 well & truly laid by 8 own h&4 ,x 0 inde$ un=tunate t ,kavanagh1 aft] 8 mom5t\s r\nd ( toil 0 ov]1 %\ld be /rick5 d[n ) apoplexy1 to :i* he succumb$1 aft] virtually ye>s ( imprisonm5t ^u an ill-fam$ rock1 fac+ discom=ts & privations ( all descriptions1 & seiz+ e opportunity to drive ! task =w>d4 ,x 0 z if ,nature1 baffl$ 9 h] ef=ts to circumv5t ! "w ( human +5uity1 _h tak5 rev5ge ^u ! man :o _h lab\r$ mightily to complete h] subjection4 ,kavanagh took ) him ^u ! rock a small boil] & /eam-w9*1 :i* he set up )\t delay1 to l& bo? workm5 & necess>ies4 ,he lo/ no "t 9 cutt+ away at ! toe ( ! cliff1 to admit ! fir/ p>tial r+ ( /ones4 ,x 0 a d+-dong battle betwe5 ! masons & ! sea = ! fir/ few r\nds4 ,! m5 toil$ h]oically ) _! *isels betwe5 ! com+ ( ! roll]s1 ) "o eye on ! wat] & ! o!r on a h&y life-l9e1 :i* !y grabb$ :5 ! ,atlantic endeav\r$ to /eal a m>* ^u !m4 ,on "s days spl5did progress 0 made2 on o!rs ! masons nev] drove ! *isels once into ! rock-face4 ,l&+ 0 an excit+ exp]i5ce 9 itself4 ,! t5d]1 naturally1 c\ld n draw "r 91 ow+ to ! swell & o!r dang]s4 ,%e /ood (f a little way1 & !re an*or$4 ,:5 m5 7 com+ to or go+ f ! rock1 ! rope 0 run out f ! d]rick4 ,to ?is 0 atta*$ a k9d ( d\ble /irrup1 n unlike a *ild's sw+4 ,! m5 took up _! position1 two at a "t1 on ^! /irrups1 /&+ face to face4 ,at ! comm&1 8,l[] away60 or 8,heave ho60 ! d]rick w9* comm5c$ to grunt & rattle1 & ! m5 7 :isk$ into mid-air1 clut*+ tightly to _! frail1 cramp$ hold1 & /eadi$ 9 _! a]ial j\rney by ano!r rope ext5d+ to ! r[+-boat bel[4 ,x 0 an excit+ trip :ile x la/$1 & at fir/ glimpse appe>$ to be dang]\s1 s mu* s t on "o or two occasions ! c\rage ( raw h&s broke d[n at ! la/ mom5t1 & !y hesitat$ to tru/ !mselves to su* a flimsy-look+ vehicle4 ,br++ ! /ones a%ore 0 ev5 m difficult4 ,x 0 imp]ative t ! edges & corn]s ( ! blocks %\ld be protect$ f bl[s :i* might *ip & sc> !m1 !reby impair+ _! true fit1 & possibly all[+ ! sea to get a pur*ase 9 its ef=ts to de/roy4 ,accord+ly1 ! blocks 7 pack$ 9 skeleton crates1 ) sub/antial wood5 batt5s completely protect+ ! vital p>ts4 ,x 0 impossible to sw+ !m s+ly direct ?r\gh ! air f /eam] to rock1 & x 0 inadvisable to transf] !m fir/ to a r[+-boat2 s an +5i\s alt]native me?od 0 p]fect$4 ,! t5d] 0 br\ght z ne> ! rock z possible1 & ! d]rick boom 0 swung out1 s t a hook c>ri$ at ! end ( ! rope c\ld be atta*$ to ! /one1 :i* re/$ on roll]s ^u ! t5d]'s deck lead+ to an op5 doorway 9 ! taffrail4 ,:5 ! rope 0 secur$1 ! ^w 0 giv5 to haul 9 ! d]rick rope sl[ly & g5tly4 ,?is br\ght ! /one gradually to ! vessel's side1 :5 x 0 p]mitt$ to fall into ! wat] :]e x c\ld suff] no injury4 ,! d]rick rope mean:ile 0 w\nd 91 & ! /one1 /ill subm]g$1 at la/ br\ght to re/ aga9/ ! side ( ! t[]4 ,a v]tical s]ies ( wood5 batt5s _h be5 atta*$ to ! outside ( ! build+1 s z to =m a slide up :i* ! blocks c\ld be haul$ to ! requir$ level4 ,( c\rse1 z ! t[] increas$ 9 height1 ! latt] "p ( ! op]ation _h to be v>i$1 ow+ to ! concave curve ( ! /ructure4 ,!n ! /one _h to complete its f9al /age ?r\gh ! air1 be+ /eadi$ 9 its asc5t by a rope held bel[ to prev5t x sw++ & com+ to grief aga9/ ! complet$ "p ( ! %aft4 ,9 ?is mann] #b1jgd /ones1 repres5t+ a dead-weight ( #d1fcc tons1 7 l&$ & set 9 position4 ,"w 0 pa9fully sl[ & t$i\s at times1 ow+ to adv]se wea!r4 ,al?\gh ! m5 on ! rock 7 condemn$ inevitably to p]iods ( idl5ess1 !y 7 made z com=table z conditions w\ld p]mit1 s z to remove any long+ on _! "p to return to ! ma9l& = a *ange4 ,?is 0 a necess>y precaution4 ,al?\gh ! m5 might leave ! rock 9 p]fectly calm wea!r1 ! ,atlantic is s fickle t an int]val ( two or ?ree h\rs 0 q suffici5t to p]mit ! w9d to fre%51 & ! swell to gr[ re/ive1 to su* a degree z to r5d] a return to ! rock impossible = sev]al days4 ,ow+ to ! cramp$ nature ( ! qu>t]s on ! rock1 elaborate c>e _h to be ex]cis$ to protect ! m5 f ! ravages ( disease4 ,! toil]s _h to bo>d !mselves1 & ! au?orities dem&$ t ea* man %\ld ma9ta9 a =tnight's res]ve supply ( provisions ^u ! rock to tide him ov] a spell ( bad wea!r4 ,?is rule 0 en=c$ v rigidly1 any infr+em5t ( x be+ att5d$ ) in/ant dismissal4 ,= em]g5cy purposes ! ,commission]s ma9ta9$ a small /ock ( salt beef1 pork1 t9n$ meats1 tea1 sug>1 milk1 biscuits1 & s =?1 on ! rock1 f :i* ! m5 c\ld repl5i% _! l>d]s4 ,! =eman act$ z a k9d ( m$ical (fic] ( heal?1 z well z fulfill+ 8 o!r duties4 ,he 0 suppli$ ) a %ip's m$ic9e-*e/1 pl5ty ( b&ages1 l9im5t1 & antiseptics1 9 case ( accid5t4 ,at five o'clock e morn+ ! m5 7 compell$ to tumble out ( _! bunks1 to indulge 9 a ?or\gh wa%1 to turn _! b$d+ into ! air :5 ! wea!r 0 agreeable1 & to wa% out _! qu>t]s4 ,! /ricte/ sup]vision 0 ma9ta9$ ov] matt]s p]ta9+ to sanitation1 &1 ?anks to ^! elaborate precautions1 cases ( sickness 7 v few4 ,extreme c>e 0 obs]v$ 9 ! build+ op]ations1 s t no workman might be expos$ to any unnecess>y risks1 al?\gh ! task at times bri/l$ ) unavoidable p]ils4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! :ole ent]prise 0 att5d$ by only ?ree accid5ts on ! rock4 ,"o man 0 cutt+ a tram-rail1 :5 a piece ( /eel flew into "o eye1 completely bl9d+ x4 ,ano!r suff]$ a simil> calamity f a *ip ( /one :ile qu>ry+4 ,! ?ird man met mis=tune :ile at "w at ! w9dlass ( ! d]rick4 ,z a break] roll$ 91 8 companion dropp$ 8 h&le1 ) ! result t ! o!r workman 0 knock$ d[n & _h "o leg brok54 ,!re 0 a true ,hib]nian flav\r ab\t ?is la/-nam$ accid5t1 9 keep+ ) ! sett+ 9 :i* x occurr$4 ,! man 0 incapacitat$ = "s mon?s1 & !n br\ght an action = comp5sation1 claim+ t he _h be5 r5d]$ unfit = any fur!r manual lab\r4 ,! sympa!tic c\rt solac$ him ) an aw>d ( #cej1 or #a1gej4 ,! amazem5t & disgu/ ( ! eng9e] may be imag9$ :51 ?ree mon?s aft] ! action1 he sudd5ly espi$ ! suppos$ly totally incapacitat$ workman assi/+ 9 ! transf]5ce ( coal f a b>ge to ! t5d]6 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ! 8,sci5tific ,am]ican40 ,,! ,,fa/net1 ,,! ,,outpo/ ,,( ,,europe4 ,on ! top ( ! rock is ! fir/ light1 op5$ 9 #ahed4 ,at ! side is ! pres5t noble t[]1 complet$ 9 #aijf4 ,! fla%+ beam ( #gej1jjj c&le-p[] has a range ( #bj miles4 ,z ! t[] grew above ! exi/+ build+1 :i* x 0 to exce$ 9 height1 x obscur$ ! light ?r[n f ! latt] 9 a c]ta9 direction4 ,at ?is juncture1 accord+ly1 a tempor>y scaffold+ 0 erect$ ^u ! summit ( ! new %aft1 on :i* 7 rigg$ two ord9>y light%ip lights1 & ^! 7 kept go+ until ! new lant]n 0 complet$4 ,! la/ /one 0 set on ,june #c1 #aijc1 aft] "s f\r ye>s' lab\r4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ev]y?+ 0 br\ght virtually to a /&/ill1 ow+ to ! succession ( gales1 b ! m5 on ! rock nev] miss$ an opportunity to advance ! und]tak+4 ,kavanagh1 ! =eman1 absolutely refus$ to g a%ore s long z any "w c\ld be complet$4 ,(t5 he rema9$ on ! ,fa/net ! :ole ye> r\nd1 & nev] 0 away = m ?an two mon?s 9 ! ye>1 :5 "w 0 impossible4 ,o!r workm51 :5 !y _h liv$ d[n ! fir/ feel+s ( lonel9ess1 became imbu$ ) ! same _s1 & appe>$ lo? to =sake ! sc5e ( _! lab\rs ev5 = a day or two4 ,:5 ! m5 settl$ d[n to _! toil1 x 0 v seldom t a wi% 0 express$ to be tak5 a%ore m ?an once 9 ?ree mon?s4 ,! lant]n 0 und]tak5 directly ! /onework 0 complet$4 ,! l&+ ( ?is app>atus 0 an excit+ task1 =1 ! season be+ advanc$1 x 0 decid$ to run unusual risks1 le/ ! rock %\ld become unapproa*able4 ,x 0 accompli%$ successfully1 & ! v>i\s p>ts 7 /or$ on ! rock 9 :at 0 consid]$ a safe place4 ,! wea!r look$ f9e & gave no signs ( break+2 yet two h\rs aft] all _h be5 inspect$ & secur$ = ! night a t]rific gale sprang up1 & ! rock 0 envelop$ 9 wat]1 :i* da%$ "r ov] x4 ,! waves caught "s ( ! lant]n app>atus & sma%$ x2 o!r p>ts 7 c>ri$ away & nev] se5 aga94 ,?is 0 an unexpect$ cata/rophe4 ,! rema9+ damag$ p>ts ( ! app>atus 7 s5t back to ,birm+ham to be ov]haul$ & ! miss+ portions replac$4 ,z !re 0 no possibility ( be+ able to complete ! lant]n t w9t]1 & ! au?orities did n l to entru/ ! m>k+ ( ! rock solely to ! tempor>y light%ip lights--! lant]n ( ! ,halp9 t[] _h be5 tak5 d[n mean:ile--x 0 !reupon decid$ to erect ! dismantl$ old lamp 9 ! new t[] = ! "t be+4 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bros4 ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,! ,,lant]n ,,( ,,! ,,fa/net ,,rock ,,ligh?\se4 ,x consi/s ( two ti]s ea* ( f\r panels ( #ibj millimetres focal di/ance4 ,! next summ] ! new app>atus 0 got on to ! rock & erect$ safely4 ,! light is ( ! dioptric type1 d]iv$ f a s]ies ( inc&esc5t burn]s1 giv+ a total p[] ( #a1bjj c&les4 ,?is "p ( ! in/allation is ! inv5tion ( ! *ief eng9e] to ! ,commission]s1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,scott1 & x has prov$ to be "o ( ! mo/ p]fect & economical devices ( ?is type yet submitt$ to practical op]ations4 ,! oil is vaporiz$ by be+ pass$ ?r\gh a spray+ device "u pressure1 simil> to ! =c$ c>buration 9 automobile practice1 & ! gas is f$ to ! ,buns5 burn]s4 ,! l5ses1 toge!r ) _! revolv+ app>atus1 weigh #ac1ddj p\nds1 & rotate ^u a b$ ( m]cury "u ! fall ( a weight ( #bij p\nds1 :i* desc5ds #dj feet p] h\r1 ?is be+ suffici5t to secure ?ree complete revolutions p] m9ute4 ,9 case ! inc&esc5t gas in/allation %\ld break d[n f any cause1 a f\r-wick oil-burn] is held 9 res]ve1 & c be br\ght into action in/antly4 ,! p[] ( ! rays ?r[n f ! #a1bjj c&le-p[] burn]s is int5sifi$ by ! l5ses to "s #gej1jjj c&le-p[]1 ( extremely :ite brilliancy1 recall+ ! beam ?r[n by an electric se>*light4 ,! fla%1 ( ?ree-tw5ty-fif?s ( a second's duration1 recurs e five seconds1 & on a cle> night ! light is readily di/+ui%able f a di/ance ( tw5ty miles1 :ile its reflection 9 ! sky may be obs]v$ f a consid]ably great] di/ance4 ,! erection ( ?is ligh?\se 0 n )\t "o humor\s incid5t4 ,:ile ! lant]n app>atus 0 be+ set 9 position1 a plumb] 0 s5t to ! rock4 ,he sp5t "o day & night !re1 a p]iod t prov$ to be m ?an en\gh = him4 ,! murmur+ ( ! waves lo/ all _! musical glam\r = him :5 he 0 imprison$ on a wild1 isolat$1 w9d-&-wave-swept eyrie4 ,he did n get a w9k ( sleep1 & 0 sc>$ ne>ly out ( 8 wits4 ,:5 morn+ broke1 & ! m5 7 turn$ out ( _! bunks1 ! plumb] express$ 8 fix$ det]m9ation to return to ! %ore at once4 ,8 companions laugh$ at 8 fe>s1 ridicul$ 8 anxieties1 coax$ & upbraid$ him 9 turn4 ,x 0 ( no avail4 ,he w\ld n d ano!r /roke ( "w4 ,realiz+ ! hopelessness ( su* a workman1 ! eng9e] 9 *>ge signall$ ! ma9l& = assi/ance4 ,! /eam] c\ld n put out1 b ! lifeboat1 n und]/&+ ! import ( su* an unusual call1 made ! dang]\s pull to ! rock1 to asc]ta9 :at 0 ! matt]4 ,:5 !y f\nd t x 0 to take (f a sc>$ workman1 _! feel+s may be imag9$4 ,! demoraliz$ plumb] 0 bundl$ into ! lifeboat & r[$ back to %ore4 ,! blood did n return to 8 face1 nor did he collect 8 scatt]$ wits1 until he plant$ 8 two feet firmly on ! ma9l&1 :5 he v vehem5tly & picturesquely express$ 8 det]m9ation nev] to accept a job 9 su* a =sak5 place aga94 ,! old t[] 0 r$uc$ to ! level ( its solid base1 & conv]t$ into an oil-/ore4 ,! f9i%+ t\*es 7 appli$ to ! new t[]1 & on ,june #bg1 #aijf1 ! sc9tillat+ & p5etrat+ ray ( ! pres5t ,fa/net 0 %[n = ! fir/ "t4 ,x is a magnific5t light1 &1 be+ ! late/ expression ( ,briti% ligh?\se eng9e]+ ^u a l>ge scale1 compels m ?an pass+ int]e/4 ,! light is fully 9 keep+ ) ! importance ( ! spot x m>ks1 & ! #hd1jjj1 or #dbj1jjj1 :i* x co/ has be5 laid out to excell5t purpose4 ,! light & fog-signal /ation is t5d$ by six keep]s1 f\r be+ on ! rock simultane\sly1 & two a%ore4 ,! latt] con/itute ! relief1 :i* is made twice a mon? if ! wea!r p]mits1 ! s]vice be+ "o mon? on ! rock1 foll[$ by a =tnight on %ore4 ,"o keep] has day duty1 ma9ta9+ a look\t = fog & to signal pass+ %ips2 two are on duty at night1 ! "o hav+ *>ge ( ! light & its op]ation1 :ile 8 comrade devotes 8 att5tion to signall+ %ips & wat*+ ! wea!r4 ,:5 a mi/ creeps ov] ! light1 ! f\r? keep] is call$ up to manipulate ! explosive fog-signal4 ,! ligh?\se1 be+ an important l&fall1 is a signall+-/ation = ,lloyd's1 & is also fitt$ ) wireless telegraphy1 :]e) ! movem5ts ( outgo+ & incom+ vessels are report$ to ! ma9l& = notification to all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,ligh?\ses ,,built ,,on ,,s& ,:ile ! great] numb] ( ! mo/ fam\s sea-lights h be5 erect$ ^u ! solid f\ndation (f]$ by rock1 9 "o or two in/ances notable works h be5 consummat$ ^u s&4 ,! two mo/ rem>kable a*ievem5ts 9 ?is p>ticul> field ( ent]prise are ! ,ro!rs& ligh?\se1 (f ! coa/ ( ,g]many1 9 ! ,nor? ,sea1 & ! ,f\rte5 ,foot ,bank1 9 ,delaw>e ,bay1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,! ,ro!rs& light became necess>y ow+ to ! expansion ( ! ,g]man m]cantile m>9e & ! developm5t ( ! ports ( ! ,wes] & ,elbe4 ,! e/u>y ( ! ,wes] ,riv] is hemm$ 9 by %oals & s&banks1 simil> to ^? f\nd at ! entrance to ,liv]pool1 ,london1 & ,new ,york1 r5d]+ navigation extremely haz>d\s "u ! mo/ fav\rable circum/ances4 ,brem]hav51 on ! ,wes]1 _h be5 select$ z ! home port = ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd ,atlantic l9]s1 b x 0 ?reat5$ ) ab&onm5t unless ! entrance to ! wat]way %\ld und]go improvem5t4 ,x 0 ( no avail to dr$ge a deep *annel ?r\gh ! trea*]\s ridges ( s&1 if ! g5]al proximity ( ! %oal 7 left unm>k$4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ord] to secure ! int]e/s ( ,brem]hav51 x 0 decid$ by ! ?ree bord] ,/ates--,prussia1 ,old5burg1 & ,brem5--to provide a p[]ful light at ?is dang]-po9t4 ,! f9ancial problem 0 solv$ by ! agreem5t to levy a special tax ^u all vessels ent]+ ! ,wes]1 to defray ! co/ ( provid+ ! safegu>d4 ,! und]tak+ 0 some:at =midable4 ,! %oal1 be+ ( s(t s&1 0 liable to erosion & movem5t1 ow+ to fluctuat+ & *ang+ curr5ts4 ,!n1 aga91 ! propos$ site1 "s ?irty miles f ,brem]hav5 & ab\t halfway betwe5 t port & ! isl& ( ,heligol&1 0 expos$ to ! assaults ( ! ,nor? ,sea1 :]e ev5 slight breezes ruffle ! wat] consid]ably4 ,f ! s\nd+s & obs]vations t 7 made1 x 0 evid5t t ! f\ndations w\ld h to be c>ri$ d[n to a great dep?1 & t ord9>y sy/ems ( con/ruction 7 q impracticable4 ,at ?is juncture ! ,society ,h>kort ( ,duisburg1 :i* _h accumulat$ great exp]i5ce 9 subaque\s "w1 0 approa*$ & ask$ if x w\ld und]take ! ent]prise at its own risk4 ,?is 0 tantam\nt to a 8no cure1 no pay0 proposal4 ,if !y succe$$1 !y w\ld be rew>d$ = _! lab\rs2 if !y fail$1 !y w\ld h to face a heavy loss4 ,?is firm1 aft] c>eful delib]ation1 all[$ t ! "w c\ld be accompli%$1 b 9 "o way only4 ,?is 0 to con/ruct a huge caisson--practically a gigantic b>rel ( /eel--on %ore1 to laun* & t[ x to ! site1 & !re to l[] x until x re/$ on ! bottom4 ,!n1 by a removal ( ! s& f b5ea? ?is caisson1 x c\ld be sunk to a great dep?1 &1 ! int]ior be+ fill$ ) concrete1 a huge artificial core ( rock w\ld be creat$1 capable ( support+ a t[]4 ,?is sy/em is employ$ ext5sively 9 connection ) bridge-build+ op]ations1 & ! firm ent]ta9$ no d\bts conc]n+ its feasibility at ,ro!rs&4 ,! society accord+ly prep>$ its designs1 & advanc$ an e/imate = ! co/ ( ! "w4 ,at ?is juncture an unexpect$ competitor appe>$ on ! sc5e4 ,"o ( ! eng9e]s engag$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! ,h>kort designs sev]$ 8 connection ) t firm1 &1 secur+ ! collaboration ( two eng9e]+ colleagues1 e/abli%$ a rival conc]n1 :i* t5d]$ = ! contract4 ,!y w\ld foll[ ! same l9es1 b w\ld complete x = #bb1gej1 or #aac1gej1 in/ead ( #bd1jbe1 or #abj1abe1 ask$ by ! ,duisburg firm4 ,! l[] price 0 accept$1 ! m readily s9ce x includ$ ! f\ndations1 :]eas ! ,society ,h>kort set ^! d[n z an extra4 ,naturally1 ! society 0 some:at *agr9$ at ?is turn ( ev5ts1 aft] all ! tr\ble & c>e x _h tak5 to discov] ! mo/ satisfactory solution ( ! problem1 b subsequ5tly x _h good reason n to regret its loss4 ,! new eng9e]s set to "w & dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahhj-ha con/ruct$ a huge caisson1 :i* 0 laun*$ & on ,may #bb ( ! latt] ye> />t$ d[n ! ,wes] 9 *>ge ( tugs4 ,!n came a :ole /r+ ( accid5ts4 ,"o night ! unwieldy fabric got adrift & drove its nose into a s&bank1 :]e x settl$ d[n ) ! tide4 ,! t[+ cables 7 atta*$ once m1 & aft] a great /ruggle ! /ructure 0 extricat$ on ! next high-tide1 & resum$ its j\rney4 ,rea*+ ! site )\t fur!r incid5t1 x 0 l[]$ by admitt+ ! wat] )9 ! b>rel4 ,b ?is task be+ accompli%$ some:at crudely1 ! wat] ru%$ 9 ) su* =ce t ! caisson comm5c$ to sp9 r\nd l a top1 z well z bobb+ up & d[n l an angl]'s float4 ,x ?reat5$ to topple ov] & f\nd] e mom5t1 b1 luckily keep+ upright1 f9ally t\*$ bottom4 ,l[]+ 0 complet$4 ,night hav+ approa*$1 workm5 made !mselves com=table on ! caisson1 :ile ! con/ructional /eam] /ood (f & ca/ its an*or4 ,! m5 on ! caisson1 h[ev]1 exp]i5c$ "o ( ! mo/ s5sational nights 9 _! lives4 ,z ! tide rose1 !y f\nd _! novel home to be behav+ some:at curi\sly4 ,x mov$1 & !n heel$ ov]4 ,?is 0 an al>m+ /ate ( affairs1 especially z ! li/ gradually became worse & worse4 ,!y %\t$ frantically = help1 b1 a heavy fog hav+ desc5d$ ^u ! %oal1 _! cries 7 absorb$ by ! :ite pall4 ,at la/ ! caisson c>e5$ ov] to su* a degree t ! m5 c\ld n keep _! feet1 :ile ! depress$ edge 0 9 dang] ( be+ subm]g$4 ,! m5 crawl$ to ! opposite or elevat$ side1 & held on = _! lives1 expect+ e mom5t t ! /ructure w\ld give a heave & roll ov]4 ,x 0 a t]ribly anxi\s "t = !m1 & at la/1 :5 ! con/ructional /eam] came alongside 9 ! morn+1 !y scuttl$ d[n ! ropes f _! p]il\s p]* to ! deck bel[1 ?ankful = hav+ escap$1 z !y ?\ght1 a c]ta9 wat]y grave4 ,! eng9e]s sp>$ no ef=t to save _! "w4 ,!y 7 h>ass$ at e tide because ! wat] rose above ! depress$ edge & flood$ ! int]ior4 ,) all spe$ ! wall at ?is po9t 0 increas$ 9 height1 s z to prev5t inundation4 ,!n1 /ormy wea!r hav+ cut away ! s& "u ! elevat$ side1 ! /ructure gradually right$ itself4 ,:5 x _h rega9$ its v]tical position1 x 0 f\nd t no s]i\s damage _h be5 done1 b r t ! eng9e]s _h pr(it$1 inasmu* z ! caisson _h buri$ itself "s #af feet into ! s&4 ,w9t] 0 approa*+1 & s ! eng9e]s cr[d$ on e man & ef=t possible1 9 ord] to get ! /ructure sunk to ! requisite level be=e "w w\ld h to be ab&on$ = ! season4 ,!y dep>t$ f ! eng9e]'s axiom1 8,make ha/e sl[ly10 & paid ! p5alty4 ,:5 ! bad wea!r broke1 compell+ ! return ( all ! workm5 to %ore1 ! fabric 0 left insecure4 ,! l[] "p _h be5 giv5 its fill+ ( concrete1 b above a c]ta9 level ! fabric dep5d$ only ^u ! iron %ell ( ! cyl9d]4 ,x 0 /iff5$ z mu* z possible ) cross-timb]s & brac+1 b ! elem5ts soon made %ort "w ( ?is puny def5ce4 ,! ,nor? ,sea1 9 common ) ! o!r l>ge /ret*es ( wat] ?r\gh\t ! _w1 0 swept by t]rible /orms t w9t]1 & "o morn+1 :5 ! sea 0 scann$ f %ore ?r\gh glasses1 /range to say ! caisson 0 n[h]e to be se54 ,all sorts ( rum\rs 7 circulat$ to acc\nt = its disappe>ance1 among o!rs be+ a s5sational !ory t ! caisson1 hav+ rea*$ swampy gr\nd :ile be+ sunk1 _h simply dropp$ sudd5ly into ! subm>9e quagmire1 & _h be5 swall[$ up completely4 ,b ! div]s1 :5 !y c\ld get out to ! site & c\ld v5ture into ! ocean dep?s1 return$ to ! surface ) a v diff]5t /ory4 ,! waves _h snapp$ (f ! top ( ! caisson at ! upp] level ( ! concrete )91 & _h c>ri$ x away4 ,?us end$ summ>ily ! fir/ attempt to build a ligh?\se ^u ! r$ s& at ! entrance to ! ,riv] ,wes]4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by p]mission ( ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd ,s4,s4 ,co4 ,,! ,,ro!rs& ,,ligh?\se4 ,?is magnific5t light m>ks a dang]\s %oal 9 ! e/u>y ( ! ,wes]4 ,! masonry t[] is built ^u a massive concrete caisson driv5 deeply into ! s&4 ,! project1 h[ev]1 0 n ab&on$4 ,! ,society ,h>kort 0 approa*$ once m1 & reque/$ to und]take ! "w ^u its own t]ms4 ,! invitation 0 accept$1 b ! firm1 realiz+ ! abnormal risks incid5tal to ! ent]prise1 revis$ _! price1 s z to provide = cont+5cies4 ,x dem&$ a sum ( #db1fej1 or #bac1bej1 9 return = :i* x und]took to supply a fully-equipp$ ligh?\se less ! illum9at+ app>atus4 ,! t]ms 7 accept$1 b ! responsible au?orities1 hav+ suff]$ a heavy loss f ! fir/ failure1 decid$ to protect !mselves aga9/ a simil> disa/]1 s exact$ a bond = #ab1jjj1 or #fj1jjj1 to be return$ :5 ! "w %\ld be complet$ & accept$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,society ,h>kort1 on its "p1 res]v$ ! "r to )draw f ! und]tak+ 9 ! ev5t ( ! caisson %>+ ! fate :i* ov]took ! fir/ /ructure4 ,! contracts 7 sign$ 9 ,septemb]1 #ahhb1 & ! task 0 comm5c$4 ,! fir/ disa/] 0 a bless+ 9 disguise1 = ! new eng9e]s 7 able to turn ! mi/akes ( _! pr$ecessors to advantage4 ,!y design$ a caisson ( oval %ape1 ) po9t$ ends1 measur+ #df feet 9 l5g? by #cf feet wide4 ,x 0 an elaborate1 /aun* /ructure1 t[]+ to a height ( #fj feet :5 laun*$4 ,at a height ( #h feet f ! bottom edge 0 a massive floor+ built ( iron4 ,! space bel[ con/itut$ ! area 9 :i* ! m5 7 to "w ^u ! sea-b$1 excavat+ ! s& "u compress$ air1 :ile ! l[] rim 0 a cutt+ edge1 s z to facilitate ! s9k+ ( ! mass z ! s& 0 remov$4 ,! upp] "p ( ! caisson 0 divid$ into f\r floors1 ea* ( :i* 0 set aside = a specific purpose4 ,! l[e/ 0 ! concrete-mix+ *amb]2 t above c>ri$ ! ma*9]y & boil]s2 ! ?ird floor =m$ ! liv+-qu>t]s = ! m5 :o work$ & slept on ! /ructure2 :ile ! top floor =m$ a deck1 & c>ri$ two p[]ful cranes :]eby ! mat]ial 0 lift$ f ! boats :i* drew alongside4 ,( c\rse1 :5 ! caisson _h be5 l[]$ into ! wat] & 0 eat+ its way deep] & deep] into ! s&1 ^! plat=ms _h to be mov$ high] & high] f "t to "t1 z ! base ( ! tun became fill$ ) concrete1 ! out] walls ( ! fabric be+ increas$ to keep ! top well above high-wat] m>k4 ,:5 ! caisson 0 complet$ on %ore & s5t into ! wat]1 x 0 an impressive-look+ mon/]4 ,! %ell itself weigh$ #bde tons1 & ) ! v>i\s accessories abo>d ! weight 0 br\ght up to "s #cce tons4 ,x !n _h to be load$ d[n to ! requir$ dep? = t[+1 = :i* purpose balla/ 9 ! =m ( pig-iron1 concrete1 & bricks1 to ! ext5t ( ano!r #bde tons1 0 /[$ abo>d1 :ile delicate precautions 7 tak5 to ma9ta9 /ability4 ,! comb9$ ef=ts ( #abj m51 work+ day & night = #abg days1 7 requir$ to erect ?is caisson1 & on ,april #a1 #ahhc1 x 0 ready = its transportation to ! site4 ,! t[+ op]ation 0 extremely difficult1 & ! voyage out 0 full ( excit+ incid5t4 ,x 0 possible to advance only on ! ebb-tide1 & ! t[+ cables1 #e in*es 9 diamet]1 7 specially manufactur$ = ! op]ation4 ,two ( ! mo/ p[]ful tugs own$ by ! ,nor? ,g]man ,lloyd ,/eam%ip ,company 7 requisition$1 ?ree o!r /eam]s engag$ 9 ! conveyance ( requirem5ts betwe5 t[] & %ore accompany+ ! procession4 ,al?\gh ! eng9e]s 7 ready1 ! wea!r1 ) aggravat+ p]si/5ce1 refus$ to cle> suffici5tly to produce ! smoo? sea & calm dem&$ = ! safe j\rney ( ! unga9ly craft4 ,day aft] day slipp$ by1 ) eighty m5 on ! al]t1 & ) fires bank$ & /eam rais$ on ! vessels1 ready to weigh an*or at ! fir/ fav\rable mom5t4 ,fifty-five days pass$ be=e ! wea!r bureau recomm5d$ t ! conditions 7 suitable4 ,"u ! =ego+ circum/ances ! exp5se ( ?is delay may be realiz$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,f\rte5-,,foot ,,bank ,,ligh?\se1 ,,built ,,on ,,s&4 ,! erection ( ?is /ructure con/itutes a brilliant a*ievem5t 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ligh?\se eng9e]+4 ,directly ! intimation 0 convey$ t ! t[ c\ld be attempt$1 !re 0 a sc5e ( indescribable activity & bu/le 9 ! ,brem]hav5 dock1 :]e ! caisson 0 moor$4 ,full /eam 0 rais$ on ! tugs1 & at half-pa/ ?ree 9 ! morn+ ( ,may #bf ! mighty /eel b>rel mov$ out ( ! dock4 ,! t[+ ropes 7 hit*$ on1 & v sl[ly ! 8,colossus10 z ! caisson 0 nam$1 mov$ d[n ! h>b\r1 accompani$ by ! :ole fleet ( n9e vessels engag$ 9 con/ruction "w1 s t ! procession 0 impos+4 ,x dropp$ d[n ! riv] )\t incid5t1 :51 ! tide turn+1 an*or 0 ca/1 & all 0 made fa/ until ano!r advance c\ld be made at f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,b ! ris+ tide 0 /rong] ?an _h be5 anticipat$1 & tr\ble 0 soon enc\nt]$4 ,! caisson1 press$ by ! curr5t1 dragg$ & /ra9$ at ! two tugs by :i* %e 0 be+ t[$1 caus+ !m to slip _! an*ors4 ,x 0 an anxi\s mom5t4 ,! two vessels c\ld n hold ! 8,colossus02 9 fact1 !y 7 be+ t[$ backw>ds by x4 ,hurri$ly ano!r tug 0 call$ up1 & help$ 9 ! ef=t2 b al?\gh ! ?ree /eam]s put on full /eam ahead1 !y fail$ to keep ! mass 9 *eck4 ,ano!r tug 0 signall$1 & !n1 "u ! comb9$ ef=t ( #cej horse-p[]1 driv+ = all x 0 wor? aga9/ ! curr5t1 ! f\r vessels ma/]$ ! sw+ ( ! scurry+ wat]1 & _h ! 8,colossus0 "u control4 ,a little lat] ! procession cont9u$ on its way to ! ,nor? ,sea1 b :5 ! boats came up ) ! ,hoheweg ligh?\se fur!r disquiet+ news 0 receiv$4 ,! keep]s signall$ t ! b>omet] 0 fall+1 & t a ?und]/orm 0 hurry+ across ! ,nor? ,sea f ,engl&4 ,an*ors 7 ?r[n out hurri$ly1 & ev]y?+ made snug & tight = ! approa*+ /orm4 ,x bur/ ) fe>ful sev]ity4 ,! waves got up1 ! w9d blew ) fi5di% velocity 9 t]rify+ gu/s1 & ! ra9 tumbl$ d[n 9 %eets4 ,! eng9e]s 7 on t5t]hooks ! :ole h\r & a half ! /orm rag$1 z !y =esaw lively times if ! unmanageable hulk broke loose4 ,b ! 8,colossus0 rode ! gale z quietly z if moor$ to a :>f 9 dock4 ,! /orm1 h[ev]1 upset all calculations = ! day4 ,!re 0 no possibility ( gett+ ! caisson out & sunk be=e nightfall1 s ! eng9e]s prep>$ to pass ! night at an*or1 & to />t (f aga9 ) ! dawn4 ,! wea!r1 ruffl$ by ! ?und]/orm1 refus$ to settle d[n until a fur!r day & night _h be5 wa/$4 ,!n1 at #g4cj 9 ! morn+1 on a fav\rable tide1 an*ors 7 weigh$1 &1 /eam+ h>d ?r\gh a brok5 sea1 ! tugs convey$ ! caisson on its j\rney4 ,at la/ ! procession rea*$ ! buoy m>k+ ! site4 ,! caisson 0 br\ght to re/1 ! wat] 0 admitt$ g5tly ?r\gh ! valves1 & sl[ly1 /eadily1 & v]tically1 ! %ell sank l[] & l[]1 until a sc>cely p]ceptible %ock convey$ ! intimation t x _h t\*$ bottom4 ,! mo/ anxi\s "p ( ! task 0 consummat$ ) complete success3 ! caisson _h be5 got to ! site & sunk4 ,!n ! task ( bury+ x deeply & irremovably 9 ! s& 0 hurri$ =w>d4 ,workm5 desc5d$ into ! space b5ea? ! bottom floor & ! sea-b$4 ,"u compress$ air !y excavat$ ! s& )9 ! area to p]mit ! cutt+ edge to s9k l[] & l[]4 ,! s&1 z remov$1 0 lift$ to ! top ( ! 8,colossus0 & dis*>g$ ov]bo>d4 ,mean:ile ! concrete-mix+ ma*9e got busy1 & ! /one he>t ( ! tun 0 fa%ion$ rapidly4 ,"u ?is increas+ weight ! s9k+ op]ation 0 assi/$ v appreciably4 ,by ! middle ( ,octob] ! "w _h be5 advanc$ to su* a /age t ! total weight ( ! /ructure _h be5 increas$ to ov] #c1cej tons1 & ! top deck ( ! caisson1 :i* _h gr[n 9 height by ! atta*+ ( successive r+s ( plates1 0 ab\t #ii feet above ! cutt+ edge1 :i* _h buri$ itself to a dep? ( #ea feet bel[ l[-wat]4 ,!n "w _h to be ab&on$1 z ! autumnal gales sprang up4 ,! :ole ( ! /aff1 ) ! exception ( two m51 :o m\nt$ gu>d ov] ! "w1 7 tak5 back to ,brem]hav54 ,! gales increas$ 9 fury1 culm9at+ 9 a tempe/ simil> to t :i* _h de/roy$ ! fir/ caisson4 ,rememb]+ ! fate ( t ent]prise "u su* fe>ful p\nd+ f w9d & wave1 ! ,h>kort eng9e]s naturally 7 some:at anxi\s conc]n+ ! welf>e ( _! h&iwork "u id5tical conditions4 ,b ! new creation 0 ov]:elm+ly /rong :]e its pr$ecessor 0 weak1 al?\gh ! seas1 baffl$ 9 _! ef=ts to upset ! caisson1 did n fail to leave _! m>k by knock+ ! sup]/ructure & scaffold+ ab\t some:at1 z well z c>ry+ away a few weighty pieces ( ! top hamp]4 ,"w 0 resum$ 9 ,febru>y1 #ahhd1 & cont9u$ m or less regul>ly until ,novemb]4 ,int]ruptions 7 ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 s t only ab\t "o-qu>t] ( ! "t available c\ld be turn$ to useful acc\nt4 ,! /ructure :i* _h be5 t[$ out ( ,brem]hav5 a ye> previ\sly _h disappe>$ f sight1 ! rim ( ! b>rel built on dry l& be+ ab\t #d feet bel[ wat]2 b1 ( c\rse1 z ! "w proce$$ & ! caisson sank1 its walls 7 ext5d$ upw>ds1 z already expla9$4 ,:5 ! /ructure _h be5 sunk to its design$ dep?1 ! /eel %ell 0 #ajg feet 9 height1 f ! cutt+ edge to ! top project+ above ! wat]1 & ne>ly #dj feet ( its height 0 buri$ 9 ! ,ro!rs&4 ,to s9k x to ?is level requir$ ! removal ( #c1jjj cubic y>ds ( s& f b5ea? ! bottom floor ( ! /ructure2 :ile #di1ajj tons ( mat]ial 7 br\ght out f ,brem]hav5 & built into ! /eel %ell to r5d] x a solid elliptical mass1 ) ! exception ( a %ort c5tral holl[ space :i* has a n>r[ conduit connection ) ! out] sea1 & :i*1 fitt$ ) a float1 acts z a tide-gauge :i* may be read 9 ! ligh?\se4 ,f ?is massive concrete p$e/al rises ! t[] prop]1 :i* at ! base is circul>1 ) a diamet] ( #cc feet4 ,?is base rises 9 ! =m ( a graceful concave curve to a height ( #bf feet1 & is solid except = two wat]-tanks4 ,at ! entrance level ! t[] is #bc feet 9 diamet]4 ,above ?is are dispos$ f\r floors1 compris+ ! cell>1 /or]oom1 kit*51 & liv+-qu>t]s = ! m51 cr[n$ by ! lant]n1 ! gall]y ( :i* is #hj feet above l[-wat]4 ,! ext]nal appe>ance ( ?is int]e/+ ligh?\se is some:at diff]5t f ! g5]al conception ( su* a build+4 ,in/ead ( be+ m]ely a circul> top & lant]n1 !re are ?ree semicircul> turret-l projections on ! dwell+-room & lant]n levels1 :i* s]ve = direct+ & w>n+ lights z well z = a look\t /ation4 ,! fickle "* ( ! ,nor? ,sea :]e x rolls ov] ! ,ro!rs& is reflect$ by an exp]i5ce :i* befell ! ,h>kort eng9e] & ! sup]9t5d5t ( erection = ! au?orities1 :o wi%$ to complete 8 duty ( inspection4 ,! f9i%+ t\*es 7 be+ appli$1 a squad ( twelve workm5 be+ 9 ! t[] to cont9ue ! "w dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! e>ly ,decemb] day 0 fair & ! sea smoo?1 z well z giv+ e indication ( rema9+ quiesc5t = "s h\rs4 ,! sup]9t5d5t _h arrang$ to sp5d 8 ,*ri/mas holidays ) "s fri5ds1 & desir$ to complete 8 duty 9 good "t1 s t 8 soj\rn might be free f c>e4 ,! two />t$ (f 9 ! /eam]1 & l&$ )\t ef=t4 ,b :ile !y 7 engag$ 9 _! "w ( inspection ! w9d & sea fre%5$1 s t a boat c\ld n be s5t f ! /eam] to take !m (f4 ,x 0 an amus+ situation :i* 0 ke5ly enjoy$ at ,brem]hav52 b all w\ld be "r on ! morr[1 said ev]yone4 ,b ! next day ! wea!r 0 worse1 & cont9u$ s = day aft] day4 ,:5 a =tnight _h pass$ )\t x be+ possible to succ\r ! wea!r-b\nd eng9e]s1 amusem5t gave way to anxiety1 m especially z a signal 0 fly+ f ! t[] :i* convey$ ! unwelcome intellig5ce t "o ( ! workm5 _h fall5 ill4 ,! feel+s ( ! sup]9t5d5t may be imag9$4 ,he _h visions ( sp5d+ 8 ,yuletide 9 a draughty1 half-f9i%$ ligh?\se t[]1 :]e com=t 0 conspicu\s by its abs5ce1 & :]e seasonal f>e su* z he _h be5 anticipat+ ke5ly 0 unkn[n4 ,b on ,decemb] #ba ! con/ructional eng9e]s1 hav+ gr[n impati5t ) ! wea!r1 s5t out "o ( _! boats1 ) in/ructions to br+ ev]yone a%ore at all haz>ds4 ,! waves 7 runn+ high & ! w9d 0 gu/y1 b ! /eam] an*or$ z ne> ! ligh?\se z %e d>$1 & by means ( h] boats1 :i* 7 9 mom5t>y dang] ( be+ swamp$1 br\ght (f ! two eng9e]s z well z all ! workm5 except two4 ,! latt] rema9$ beh9d z a gu>d1 &1 be+ giv5 a good /ock ( seasonal provisions & o!r necessities1 7 left 9 _! spl5did isolation4 ,! sup]9t5d5t1 aft] all1 0 able to enjoy 8 ,*ri/mas holidays4 ,! succe$+ spr+ br\ght a resumption ( toil1 & by ,septemb] ! t[] 0 complet$ except = ! illum9at+ app>atus4 ,"o feature 0 obs]v$ dur+ con/ruction & _h to receive att5tion4 ,! free sw+ ( ! curr5ts & tides1 be+ ob/ruct$ by ! t[]1 _h comm5c$ heavy erosion1 big holl[s be+ scoop$ out ( ! s(t sea-b$ ar\nd ! caisson4 ,z x 0 q possible t 9 ! c\rse ( "t ?is sc\r+ might imp]il ! safety ( ! build+1 protective works _h to be und]tak54 ,^! 7 ( an elaborate "*1 & compris$ ! s9k+ ( mattresses1 fa%ion$ f bru%wood1 ar\nd ! f\ndations1 ^u :i* 7 dump$ boatloads ( brok5 /one4 ,?is mattress _h to be ne>ly #ej feet 9 wid?1 & 9 "s places ab\t #ae feet 9 ?ickness4 ,= ?is protective "w alone "s #agf1eej cubic feet ( bru%wood1 & #fjj tons ( block-/one to hold x d[n1 7 us$4 ,^! measures1 h[ev]1 effectually ov]came ! dang] ( erosion4 ,on ,novemb] #a1 #ahhe1 ! light 0 %[n = ! fir/ "t1 & ! greate/ p]il at ! entrance to ! ,wes] 0 indicat$ f> & wide by night & day4 ,x 0 a magnific5t a*ievem5t1 c>ri$ ?r\gh 9 ! face ( enorm\s difficulties1 s5sational incid5ts innum]able1 & ^u a f\ndation ( disa/]4 ,! ligh?\se is z firm z if x 7 an*or$ ^u a solid granite rock1 in/ead ( hav+ its roots ?ru/ deep into trea*]\s %ift+ s&1 & con/itutes an imp]i%able monum5t to ,g]man eng9e]+ ability2 :ile1 all ?+s consid]$1 ! co/ 0 l[1 be+ only #dc1djj1 or #bag1jjj1 9 all4 ,! light is electric1 ! p[] be+ suppli$ f a /ation on %ore1 & f$ to ! ligh?\se ?r\gh a subm>9e cable2 ! keep]s are also 9 subm>9e telegraphic communication ) ! ma9l&4 ,:5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates set out to build a simil> /ructure 9 ! spaci\s ,delaw>e ,bay1 !y 7 confront$ ) a prospect j z =bidd+1 & a task 9 e way z difficult1 z t (f]$ 9 connection ) ! ,ro!rs&4 ,!re is a dang]\s %oal ab\t tw5ty miles (f ! l&1 :]e ! ,atlantic beats ) furi\s rage1 & :]e vessels 7 apt to /ick h>d & fa/4 ,x 0 describ$ z 8,f\rte5 ,foot ,bank0 by m>9]s1 f ! dep? ( ! wat] fl[+ ov] ! %oal1 & ?is colloquialism has provid$ ! "n = ! pres5t gu>dian light4 ,! op5 situation did n augur fav\rably = ! completion ( a ligh?\se at ?is spot1 b ! ,am]ican eng9e]s 7 resolv$ to make ! attempt4 ,accord+ly1 plans 7 prep>$ = a con/ruction ^u ! caisson pr9ciple1 :i* 0 ! only me?od promis+ success4 ,! prelim9>y /ep 0 ! fabrication ( a caisson4 ,! fir/ "p 0 m l a raft ) sides4 ,x 0 ab\t #dj feet squ>e1 #e feet ?ick1 & ) walls #g feet deep4 ,x 0 built ( timb]1 ! /aves be+ #ab in*es squ>e1 & upside d[n--t is1 ) ! floor upp]mo/--on a build+-slip1 z if x 7 a %ip1 & 0 laun*$ into ! wat] ^u simil> l9es4 ,! sides & top 7 l9$1 s z to secure wat]-tightness4 ,9 ! c5tre !re 0 a circul> space #e feet 9 diamet] to =m ! air-%aft4 ,z ! /ructure 0 built upside d[n1 ! rim 0 br\ght to ! l[]mo/ position1 & ?is =m$ ! cutt+ edge1 :i* 0 to be sunk into ! s&4 ,on ?is float+ plat=m a circul> iron cyl9d] 0 erect$4 ,?is tube 0 #ce feet 9 diamet]1 & 0 built up 9 plates1 #f feet 9 wid? by #a in*es ?ick4 ,:5 ?ree r+s ( iron 7 set up ! cyl9d] 0 #ah feet 9 height4 ,9 ord] to s9k x to a dep? ( #ae feet into ! wat] = t[+ purposes1 x 0 *>g$ ) a lay] ( concrete1 #i in*es 9 ?ickness1 to s]ve z balla/1 & 9 ?is condition ! caisson weigh$ #djj tons4 ,?is huge b>rel 0 built at ,lewes1 ,delaw>e1 & :5 x 0 laun*$ two p[]ful /eam-tugs set out to drag x to ! %oal1 tw5ty miles away4 ,z ! tide rises & falls a matt] ( #f feet 9 ^! wat]s1 & ! curr5ts are some:at wick$1 ! eng9e]s display$ no undue ha/e4 ,!y wait$ = ! fir/ fav\rable opportunity1 & seiz$ x4 ,b x took ! two tugs "s six h\rs to rea* ! site2 an av]age spe$ ( ab\t ?ree & a half miles p] h\r _c be con/ru$ into fa/ travell+4 ,:5 ! mighty caisson _h be5 w>p$ & nudg$ dead into position ov] ! desir$ spot1 wat] 0 admitt$4 ,) a gurgl+ & hiss+ ! hulk sank sl[ly into ! sea4 ,at la/ a slight jolt1 :i* quiv]$ ?r\gh ! mass1 signifi$ t ! /ructure 0 re/+ on ! bottom4 ,! eng9e]s gave a sigh ( relief1 b ! next in/ant *ang$ x to a cry ( dismay4 ,! caisson began to heel ov] to "o side4 ,0 x go+ to capsize8 ,t 0 ! absorb+ fe>4 ,x cant$ m & m1 until at la/ x _h a li/ ( #ab degrees4 ,x _h n sunk v]tically6 ,!re 0 less ?an #af in*es ( wat] betwe5 ! sea-level & ! rim :5 ! caisson fir/ j>r$ aga9/ ! s&1 & if x c>e5$ ov] too f> ! wat] c]ta9ly w\ld ru% 91 roll ! :ole tub ov]1 & tumble x hi!r & ?i!r ov] ! sea-b$4 ,! eng9e]s wat*$ t caisson z closely z a cat wat*es a m\se-hole4 ,pres5tly x eas$ up1 & !n1 z ! tide rose "s six h\rs lat]1 x began to "r itself4 ,! eng9e]s 7 reliev$ once m4 ,! dang] 0 ov]4 ,b _! self-satisfaction 0 soon upset z ! tide began to ebb1 because aga9 ! cyl9d] gradually fell ov] on its side4 ,! cause ( ?is /range behavi\r fla%$ ^u !m4 ,! surface ( ! s&bank 0 n level6 ,! mass 9 s9k+ _h t\*$ bottom on ! highe/ po9t ( ! %oal1 & 0 try+ to f9d its own level4 ,)\t any fur!r delay1 ! eng9e]s decid$ ^u an +5i\s means ( correct+ ?is erratic & dang]\s action4 ,! tugs 7 despat*$ hurri$ly to ,lewes to br+ out c>goes ( brok5 /one1 :i* _h be5 deliv]$ = ! prep>ation ( ! concrete4 ,:ile ! /eam]s pursu$ _! err&1 ! eng9e]s fa%ion$ l>ge pockets on ! elevat$ section ( ! /ructure1 into :i* ! /one ^u its arrival 0 plac$4 ,gradually b surely ! caisson n only 0 correct$1 b ! weight$ end 0 induc$ to settle into ! s&1 until ! opposite free edge 9 its turn 0 re/+ ^u ! %oal4 ,9 ?is mann] all dang] ( fur!r cant+ n[ 0 remov$4 ,z ! rim _h be5 br\ght p]il\sly ne> ! wat]-level1 & !re 0 a possibility ( flood+ f a r\gh sea1 ! walls ( ! caisson 7 ext5d$ v]tically ) all ha/e2 mean:ile two additional r+s ( iron 7 plac$ 9 position1 & ! top 0 br\ght ab\t #bj feet above ! wat]4 ,:ile ?is "w 0 9 progress ! /ructure gradually bit f>!r & f>!r into ! s&1 until at la/ x secur$ a firm hold4 ,at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t ! air-compressors 7 set to "w1 & air 0 driv5 into ! space betwe5 ! cutt+ edge & ! ro(1 9 :i* ! m5 7 to "w4 ,?is space 0 #dj feet squ>e & #g feet deep4 ,! great] pressure ( ! air drove ! wat] out f ?is space1 & ! m5 7 able to ent] ?r\gh ! air-lock & to "w ^u a dry surface1 isolat$ f ! surr\nd+ sea by ! f5ce =m$ by ! cutt+ edge4 ,! m5 toil$ 9 eight-h\r %ifts cont9u\sly1 remov+ ! s& )9 ! space & s5d+ x upw>ds to be dis*>g$ ov]bo>d4 ,z ! area 0 excavat$1 ! cutt+ edge sank deep] & deep]1 s t ! /ructure became m & m firmly emb$d$4 ,!re 0 appreh5sion t ! ob/ruction (f]$ by ! caisson to ! movem5t ( ! curr5ts might set up und]m9+ ar\nd ! cyl9d]1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,ro!rs&2 b ! eng9e]s arre/$ any t5d5cy 9 ?is direction by dump+ l>ge pieces ( /one ov]bo>d ar\nd ! tub4 ,"s #f1jjj tons ( /one 7 us$ = ?is purpose1 s t ! caisson has an impregnable protection4 ,z ! /ructure sank l[] & l[]1 ow+ to ! excavation1 concrete 0 dump$ ar\nd ! air-tube above ! floor ( ! space 9 :i* ! m5 7 lab\r+1 :ile successive r+s ( iron 7 add$ to ! top ( ! cyl9d]4 ,! m5 work$ ) great gu/o 9 _! novel situation1 &1 ! task be+ prosecut$ un9t]rupt$ly ?r\gh\t ! day & night1 ! cyl9d] sank f #ab to #bd in*es dur+ ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,?is lab\r 0 ma9ta9$ until ! cutt+ edge ( ! caisson 0 #cc feet bel[ ! surface ( ! %oal1 :5 ! eng9e]s call$ halt4 ,!y consid]$ t ! task _h be5 cont9u$ to a suffici5t dep? to secure ! requisite rigidity = _! ligh?\se4 ,! m5 left ! work+ *amb]1 :i* 0 !n tightly und]ramm$ ) s&1 s z to =m a solid f\ndation1 :ile ! air-%aft 0 fill$ up ) ramm$ s& & seal$ ) a ?ick plug ( concrete4 ,! wall ( ! iron cyl9d] _h be5 int]mitt5tly increas$ 9 height by ! addition ( successive r+s ( plates1 until ! rim 0 #gj feet above ! cutt+ edge & project$ ab\t #cj feet above ! wat] at l[-tide4 ,f ! bottom to a height ( #dj feet x is virtually a solid mass ( concrete1 protect$ by a sk9 ( iron #a in*es ?ick4 ,fur!r concrete 0 add$1 br++ ! solid section to )9 #aj feet ( ! rim1 s t ! concrete he>t is ab\t #ec feet 9 height & #ce feet 9 diamet]4 ,x is a solid circul> rock sunk into ! s&1 & z firm & free f vibration z a granite core4 ,^u ?is f\ndation a h\se = ! light-keep]s1 cr[n$ by a t[]1 0 erect$1 ! focal plane be+ #ei feet above mean high-wat]4 ,x is fitt$ ) a light ( ! f\r? ord]1 visible = ?irte5 miles4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important features 9 connection ) ! ,f\rte5 ,foot ,bank light 0 its small co/1 :i* 0 bel[ ! e/imate1 especially :5 x is comp>$ ) ! ,g]man "w4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t appropriat$ a sum ( #ce1jjj1 or #age1jjj1 = ! und]tak+1 b ! total exp5diture 0 less ?an #be1jjj1 or #abe1jjj1 s t a sum ( #aj1jjj1 or #ej1jjj1 0 h&$ back to ! ,treasury--a mo/ unusual ev5t 9 connection ) ,gov]nm5t contracts4 ,! ligh?\se 0 f9i%$ & br\ght into s]vice 9 #ahhf4 ,! success ( ?is novel ent]prise prompt$ ! au?orities to essay a m d>+ project--! erection ( a ligh?\se ^u ! caisson pr9ciple on ! ,out] ,diamond ,%oal1 (f ,cape ,hatt]as1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,b ! /orms enc\nt]$ (f ?is inhospitable coa/ h prov$ too ov]p[]+ = ! eng9e]4 ,num]\s attempts h be5 made1 b disa/] has be5 _! inv>iable fate4 ,! ,diamond ,%oal refuses to be indicat$ by any?+ except a light%ip4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,"s ,,light ,,patrols ,,( ,,! ,,fr5* ,,coa/ ,9 ! matt] ( safegu>d+ its %ores ! ,fr5* nation has display$ consid]able ent]prise1 & its eng9e]s h add$ "s magnific5t contributions to ?is field ( eng9e]+4 ,! ma9t5ance & welf>e ( ^! aids to navigation is plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,s]vice des ,ph>es1 :i* is controll$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,bridges & ,roads4 ,! ,fr5* s*eme is ! disposition ( ! lights along ! %ore 9 su* a way t _! ranges ov]lap on ei!r side1 s t1 z "o passes along ! coa/1 be=e "o ray is dropp$ ! next is pick$ up4 ,electricity is employ$ ext5sively z ! illum9ant1 s t ! lights are ( great p[] & tw9kle l brilliant :ite />s on a cle> night4 ,:ile ! majority ( ^! guides are erect$ on ! ma9l&1 o!rs rise f isl&s ly+ (f ! coa/1 :i*1 by _! position 9 deep wat]1 r5d] navigation haz>d\s4 ,! f9e/ expressions ( ,fr5* ligh?\se eng9e]+ are to be f\nd along ! rugg$ islet-dott$ coa/ ( ! huge ind5tation 9 :i* lie ! ,*annel ,isl&s--! cruel coa/ ( ,brittany4 ,x 0 (f ! we/]n extremity ( ,brittany1 :i* ?ru/s itself well out into ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 =m+ ! po9t g5]ally kn[n z ,u%ant1 t ! ,drummond ,ca/le lo/ h] way1 to pull up ) a fatal cra% aga9/ "o ( ! jagg$ reefs /ret*+ to seaw>d4 ,:ile ?is wreck 0 b "o ( _m 9 ^! tr\bl$ wat]s1 x s5t a ?rill r\nd ! _w1 ow+ to ! t]rible loss ( life ) :i* x 0 accompani$4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t has endeav\r$ to remove ! evil notoriety :i* ?is coa/ has reap$1 & to r5d] x z safe z ! o!r /ret*es ly+ to ! nor? & s\?4 ,! conditions1 h[ev]1 are aga9/ ! eng9e]1 z ! nose ( ! ma9l& projects well into ! ocean1 & receives ! full brunt ( its attacks :5 gales rage1 s t a foo?old is prec>i\s4 ,:5 ! "q ( light+ ?is inhospitable /ret* ( coa/ arose1 ! ,fr5* au?orities debat$ :e!r x w\ld n be easi]1 *eap]1 & m satisfactory1 to place ! ligh?\ses on ! ma9l& at a suffici5t altitude1 & to fit !m ) adequately p[]ful lights to indicate ! outly+ reefs4 ,! g5]al op9ion 0 9 fav\r ( su* a practice4 ,s :5 ,lonce ,reynaud propos$ to m>k ! ,heaux de ,brhat ) a magnific5t t[]1 !re 0 consid]able opposition4 ,! critics ma9ta9$ t x 0 a flagrant temptation ( ,fate to attempt ! conque/ ( su* an evil wave-swept rock1 ! head ( :i* 0 b>ely visible above high-wat]1 & 0 ( su* small dim5sions t "w w\ld be possible = only a few h\rs daily & !n by no m ?an a m]e h&ful ( m54 ,! eng9e] 0 confid5t t he c\ld surm\nt all difficulties 9 con/ruction1 & t he w\ld be able to erect a t[] :i* w\ld defy w9d & wave1 s he ga9$ ! day & receiv$ ! requisite sanction to proce$ ) 8 und]tak+4 ,he _h survey$ ! rock & its surr\nd+s ?or\ghly2 _h discov]$ ! velocity ( ! curr5ts1 & _! v>y+ directions "u all conditions ( wea!r4 ,!y tore along at ab\t n9e & a half miles an h\r1 & ?is spe$ 0 augm5t$ consid]ably 9 r\gh wea!r4 ,he select$ ! site = ! ligh?\se ab\t n9e miles f ! ,isle ( ,brhat1 :]e l&+ w\ld h to be made at l[-wat]1 ow+ to ! wat] ru%+ fir/ f ! isl& to ! rock1 & !n 9 ! opposite direction1 accord+ to ! movem5ts ( ! tides4 ,! ,isle ( ,brhat 0 made ! base = op]ations4 ,x is freely ind5t$1 & "o ( ! coves 0 f\nd to =m an excell5t little h>b\r4 ,a r\gh /one jetty 0 run out = a l5g? ( #agj feet1 & :ile "o fleet ( boats 0 reta9$ to convey mat]ial f ! isl& to ! rock1 ano!r 0 kept to br+ supplies to ! isl& = prep>ation1 & ! support ( ! m51 ^: qu>t]s 7 e/abli%$ at ?is depot4 ,sixty m5 7 employ$ on ! "w4 ,!y dress$ ! granite /ones & prep>$ ! woodwork z x arriv$ 9 ! raw condition1 ample work%ops be+ provid$ = ^! purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,! ,,heaux ,,de ,,br,,hat ,,light4 ,a /rik+ t[] built by ,lonce ,reynaud (f ! expos$ ,brittany coa/4 ,x is #aei feet high & took six ye>s to complete4 ,! face ( ! rock 0 clean$ (f dur+ ! brief int]vals :5 x 0 b>$ by ! sea1 & r\gh /ones & masonry 7 laid 9 concrete & cont9u$ solidly to a po9t #ac feet above high-wat]4 ,ar\nd ?is conf9$ plat=m qu>t]s 7 built = ! h&ful ( m5 :o /ay$ on ! rock dur+ ! p]iods ( calm wea!r1 z too mu* "t 0 lo/ 9 travell+ to & f ! isl&1 :ile !re 7 risks ( l&+ be+ int]rupt$ by ! swell4 ,a tempor>y light 0 also plac$ 9 position :ile con/ructional "w 0 proce$+1 to w>n navigation4 ,! facilities also includ$ a small =ge = ! fa%ion+ ^u ! spot ( ! iron dogs & bolts :]eby ! /ones 7 clamp$ toge!r1 & ?is prov$ highly conv5i5t1 except = "o ?+3 :5 ! wat] 0 some:at r\gh & playful1 ! waves1 /rik+ ! rock1 flew into ! air1 s\s$ ! =ge1 & ext+ui%$ ! fire4 ,! prep>ations ( ! f\ndations prov$ exce$+ly t$i\s4 ,! rock is a v h>d black porphyry1 b ! surface 0 s sc>r$ ) fissures & deep cracks t ! :ole ( ! upp] surface _h to be clean$ (f1 s z to remove all rott5 & spl9t]$ rock 9 ord] to secure a firm1 solid f\ndation4 ,!n a circle #ch feet 9 diamet] 0 m>k$ (f1 & masons cut away all ! rock ar\nd ?is l9e to a dep? ( ab\t #bj in*es & ( suffici5t wid? to take ! /ones--a tr5*1 z x 74 ,?is "w _h to be execut$ dur+ ! %ort p]iod ( l[-wat]1 & a special s*$ule 0 prep>$ to insure ! m5 conc5trat+ ! :ole ( _! en]gies ^u ! task :5 opportunity (f]$4 ,z ! ebb+ tide began to b>e ! space1 ! workm5 7 call$1 & !y foll[$ ! rec$+ wat]1 nev] leav+ ! spot = meals1 b toil+ cont9u\sly until ! return+ tide drove !m (f4 ,z a rule ! m5 7 suffici5tly fleet to get cle> unt\*$1 al?\gh !y delay$ _! retreat until ! v la/ mom5t2 b at o!r times ! sea 0 a trifle quick]1 & ! m5 receiv$ an unexpect$ d\*e f a scurry+ wave4 ,:5 ?is tr5* _h be5 cle>$ out & ! face levell$1 ! out] r+ ( /ones 0 laid & secur$ firmly 9 position4 ,! inn] space ( ! rock 0 left 9 its r\ghly trimm$ condition1 & 0 !n buri$ b5ea? cem5t & rock to ! level ( ! out] r+ ( /ones1 =m+ a plat=m ready to receive ! mass ( ! t[]4 ,! out] r+ 0 ! ma9 consid]ation1 & ! "w _h to be f9i%$ 9 su* a mann] t a tight jo9t 0 made ) ! rock1 to resi/ ! p5etration ( ! wat]4 ,:5 ! m5 7 compell$ to lay d[n _! tools = ! com+ tide1 !y ha/ily appli$ a ?ick cov]+ ( quick-dry+ cem5t to ! "w complet$1 !reby protect+ x aga9/ ! dis9tegrat+ & p]colat+ action ( ! sea4 ,ere ! "w _h />t$ ?or\ghly1 ! eng9e] 0 fac$ ) a tr\ble :i* he _h n anticipat$4 ,! m5 7 left to att5d to _! own desires 9 ! way ( provisions4 ,?is haphaz>d arrangem5t _h ! inevitable sequel4 ,"s ( ! m5 7 /rick5 d[n ) scurvy1 & ! disease promis$ to secure a firm hold1 :5 ! eng9e] /epp$ 9 ) a firm h&4 ,he e/abli%$ a cante51 ! contractor ( :i* 0 compell$ to ma9ta9 a supply ( v>i$ provisions = six mon?s at lea/1 le/ ! little colony %\ld become isolat$ by r\gh wea!r4 ,a regul> v>i$ bill ( f>e 0 impos$ ^u ! workm51 :o 7 compell$ to pur*ase _! requirem5ts f ! cante54 ,by ?is firm & timely action ! disease 0 /amp$ out4 ,! eng9e] also en=c$ o!r /r+5t regulations 9 ! int]e/s ( heal?4 ,! m5 7 compell$ to ba! once a week1 & _h to turn _! sleep+-blankets into ! op5 air e day2 :ile ! qu>t]s _h to be wa%$ out & ! walls giv5 a dress+ ( limewa% at frequ5t int]vals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fitt+ ,,! ,,lant]n ,,( ,,la ,,jum5t ,,light4 ,:5 ! visitor approa*es ! t[] = ! fir/ "t1 he _c fail to be impress$ by its unusual design4 ,x appe>s z if a =m] t[] ( great diamet] _h be5 decapitat$1 & ano!r m sl5d] build+ plac$ ^u its butt4 ,?is is due to ! +5i\s idea adopt$ by ,reynaud4 ,! l[] "p ( ! t[] rises l ! trunk ( a tree f ! base1 :i* is a solid pl9?1 to a height ( #ci feet above highe/ spr+-tides4 ,at ! top ?is l[] t[] is #bh feet 9 diamet]1 z comp>$ ) #ch feet at ! base4 ,"h ! butt is levell$ (f1 & f its surface rises ! ligh?\se prop]1 9 ! =m ( a slightly tap]+ cone1 leav+ a n>r[ gall]y ar\nd ! sup]impos$ /ructure to s]ve z a 8set-(f0 & l&+ or entrance plat=m4 ,9 c>ry+ out 8 "w1 ,reynaud foll[$ a pr9ciple q div]g5t f ! prevail+ practice 9 ligh?\se con/ruction4 ,he did n atta* e /one irremovably to its neighb\rs1 b m]ely made fa/ ! masonry at v>y+ po9ts1 :]e ! mass ( wat] might be expect$ to exp5d ! great] "p ( its viol5ce4 ,! me?od he adopt$ is v simple4 ,key/ones are introduc$ at select$ po9ts 9 ea* c\rse1 & ^! are driv5 up & held tight by granite plugs & w$ges4 ,! pr9ciple 0 assail$ at ! "t z be+ defici5t 9 /r5g?1 b no appreh5sions ev] h aris5 conc]n+ ! safety ( ! t[]1 s t ! eng9e]'s d>+ +5uity has be5 completely ju/ifi$4 ,consid]+ ! isolation ( ! rock & its w9d-swept position1 x 0 built 9 a v %ort "t4 ,! :ole ( ! ye> #ahcd 0 devot$ to ! survey ( ! rock1 close obs]vations ( ! prevail+ meteorological conditions1 & ! prep>ation ( ! design4 ,! succe$+ ye> 0 conf9$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! workm5's qu>t]s1 ! cutt+ ( ! annul> tr5* 9 ! rock1 & ! sett+ ( ! masonry c\rse4 ,! erection ( ! sup]/ructure occupi$ ne>ly f\r ye>s1 ! "w be+ complet$ & ! light exhibit$ 9 #ahei1 accord+ to ! inscription4 ,! t[] is #aei feet 9 height1 & ! light has a range ( eighte5 miles4 ,s9ce ! ,heaux de ,brhat 0 conqu]$ s successfully1 ,fr5* ligh?\se eng9e]+ skill has be5 manife/$ actively ar\nd ! ill-fam$ ,brittany coa/1 :i* n[ is robb$ ( ! great] "p ( its dang]s4 ,reynaud's "w1 h[ev]1 did n br+ complete safety to ! wat]s f :i* x lifts its impos+ =m4 ,f\r miles (f ! self-same isl& is ! plateau ( ,hora9e4 ,?is is a *a9 ( rocks1 ! greate/ p]il ( :i* is t at high-tide no?+ :atev] ( !m is se51 & _! exi/5ce is betray$ only by ! agitat$ & brok5 waves ru%+ ov] !m ) fe>ful =ce4 ,z ! tide falls ! wat] becomes m torm5t$1 & is torn into fly+ foam1 until1 :5 x has almo/ ebb$1 ^! jagg$ fangs may be se5 project+ above ! surf4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ^! t]rible *>act]i/ics1 x is n surpris+ t "t aft] "t vessels :i* _h be5 driv5 out ( _! c\rse by tempe/u\s wea!r1 or _h got lo/ 9 a d5se fog1 blund]$ into ?is dea?-trap & 7 lo/4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t 0 sorely puzzl$ z to h[ to ov]come ?is dang]4 ,! eng9e]s f\ght ! elem5ts valiantly = =ty ye>s 9 an ef=t to cr[n ,hora9e ) a beacon1 b "t aft] "t !y 7 defeat$4 ,l&+ on ! reef is highly dang]\s4 ,! rocks are surr\nd$ by surg+1 eddy+ curr5ts1 runn+ at any?+ f six miles upw>ds p] h\r1 :ile ! slighte/ ruffle ( w9d is q suffici5t to /ir up ! wat] s z to fl+ x swirl+ ov] ! rocks ev5 at l[e/ tide4 ,once or twice1 :5 a p]iod ( abnormal calm prevail$1 ! eng9e]s /ruggl$ on to ! rock & hurri$ly built a sub/antial masonry beacon1 b its life 0 always brief4 ,! fir/ two or ?ree gales :i* p\nd$ & ro>$ ov] ! *a9 inv>iably scatt]$ ! h&iwork ( man 9 all directions4 ,!n ano!r exp$i5t 0 attempt$4 ,a p>ty l&$ ^u ! ridge1 drove a hole into ! solid rock1 & !re set a v]tical iron gird] #d in*es 9 ?ickness1 tru/+ t x w\ld hold fa/ & indicate ! reef suffici5tly dur+ ! day4 ,b its life 0 %ort4 ,a gale came along & snapp$ ! po/ 9 twa91 leav+ a twi/$1 b5t /ump1 "s #cf in*es long1 rema9+ on ! rock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,f\ndations ,,( ,,! ,,jum5t ,,light4 ,?is illu/ration conveys an idea ( ! difficulties enc\nt]$ 9 connection ) ?is "w4 ,9 #ahij ano!r bold ef=t to subjugate ! ridge 0 made4 ,an hexagonal /ructure 0 design$1 & x 0 det]m9$ to plant ?is on ! rock by hook or by crook1 & s firmly z to resi/ ! mo/ p[]ful hamm]+s to :i* x c\ld be subject$ by ! waves4 ,six holes 7 bor$ into ! rock surface to =m ! corn]s ( ! hexagon4 ,b be=e comm5c+ ! "w prop] x 0 decid$ to ins]t an iron po/1 #f in*es ?ick1 into "o ( ! holes1 & to leave x to see :at w\ld happ54 ,"t aft] "t x 0 inspect$1 & 0 f\nd to be safe & s\nd4 ,two ye>s _h slipp$ by1 practically1 s9ce ! po/ 0 plant$1 & x 0 /ill intact4 ,! eng9e]s ?\ght !y _h triumph$1 & 7 prep>+ _! plans1 :5 ! news came t a heavy /orm1 :i* _h swept ! coa/1 _h brok5 ! pill> (f flu% ) ! rock4 ,?is necessitat$ ano!r *ange 9 ! designs & ! plan ( campaign4 ,aft] fur!r discussion x 0 decid$ to proce$ "r away ) a masonry t[]1 al?\gh ! eng9e]s 7 prep>$ = a mighty tussle4 ,! surveys %[$ t1 z ! rock ^u :i* ! build+ 0 to be erect$ 0 cov]$ by #aj feet ( wat] dur+ ! highe/ spr+-tides1 "w ^u ! f\ndations w\ld be conf9$ to ! l[e/ neap-tides1 :5 ab\t #d feet ( ! rock 7 expos$4 ,b ! tide s9ks to ! v l[ level desir$ infrequ5tly--ab\t f\r days 9 e mon?4 ,ev5 !n "w w\ld be possible = only ab\t an h\r p] day--f\r h\rs p] mon?6 ,! prospect c]ta9ly 0 f> f be+ attractive1 especially z ev5 to accompli% ?is me$ ( toil ! calme/ wea!r & smoo!/ sea 7 imp]ative1 & x 0 sc>cely to be expect$ t ev]y?+ w\ld be 9 fav\r ( ! eng9e]s at "o & ! same "t4 ,ano!r adv]se feature 0 only too app>5t4 ,if unpropiti\s wea!r prevail$ j aft] an h\r or two's "w _h be5 complet$1 ! *ances 7 a ?\s& to "o t x w\ld be swept away4 ,b ?is 0 a cont+5cy :i* _h to be fac$4 ,! eng9e] c\ld only d ! utmo/ humanly possible to secure 8 "w1 & !n mu/ tru/ to luck4 ,) inf9ite difficulty a small corps ( d>+ workm5 & appliances ( ! simple/ description1 toge!r ) mat]ials1 7 got out to ! rock ^u ! fir/ fav\rable day :5 !re 0 a v l[ tide4 ,an out] wall ( bricks 0 built piecemeal1 & ! space )9 0 fill$ ) concrete4 ,?is /ood1 & s ! eng9e] secur$ a level pl9? ^u :i* to place 8 t[]4 ,he select$ an octagonal build+1 ! angles ( :i* t\* ! circumf]5ce ( a circle #bj feet 9 diamet] describ$ on ! rock4 ,x 0 to be #ej feet 9 height1 br++ ! w>n+ light ab\t #dj feet above high-wat]4 ,! beacon 0 to be a concrete monoli?ic /ructure at lea/ = ! great] "p ( its height1 z ! light 0 to be ( ! unatt5d$ class4 ,accord+ly1 ! m\ld 0 =m$ by sett+ a ca/-iron po/1 #ah in*es 9 height1 at ea* corn] ( ! octagon1 ?is support be+ an*or$ into ! solid rock b5ea?4 ,^! po/s conta9$ grooves to admit slid+ wood5 uprights1 :i* 7 to be firmly w$g$1 ^! joi/s be+ incl9$ to take ! angle1 or batt]1 propos$ = ! t[]4 ,heavy transv]se pieces ( timb] 7 laid betwe5 ^! po/s1 =m+ a capaci\s octagonal box1 into :i* ! concrete 0 p\r$4 ,z ! fill+ process beh9d ! wood5 wall advanc$1 angle pieces ( /eel 7 sup]impos$ & bolt$ up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,jum5t ,,light ,,rec5tly ,,erect$ ,,(f ,,u%ant4 ,?is beacon 0 built ) a legacy left by ,m4 ,potron1 a di/+ui%$ ,fr5* travell]1 9 ! int]e/s ( humanity4 ,! security ( ! /ructure occupi$ ! sole att5tion ( ! eng9e]4 ,:5 "w _h to cease1 & ! boat put (f ) ! workm5 aft] a spell ( toil1 ! eng9e] w\ld wat* ! ris+ tide & ! waves sweep+ ov] 8 /ructure1 until at la/ x disappe>$ f sight4 ,z ! tide fell he foll[$ ! rec$+ wat]s j z eag]ly1 & gave a sigh ( relief :5 he saw t ! t[] 0 /ill )/&+ ! bl9d =ces ( ,nature4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages an ef=t to protect ! "w1 :5 ! m5 _h to retreat be=e ! ris+ tide1 0 made by cov]+ x ) a heavy piece ( sailclo?1 la%$ d[n & weight$ 9 position ) huge masses ( pig-iron4 ,?is s]v$ its purpose = a "t1 b f9ally ! sea got ! upp] h&1 tore ! canvas f its la%+s1 & c>ri$ x away1 toge!r ) ! :ole ( its weights4 ,!n a wood5 protective device 0 employ$1 & ?is likewise held out until a p>ticul>ly unfri5dly ,septemb] gale sma%$ x to mat*wood1 z well z damag+ ! concrete slightly "h & !re4 ,! m5 took _! tools & mat]ials ) !m on e visit1 &1 z ! t[] rose1 ! work+ spells betwe5 ! tides became long] & long]1 until1 :5 a po9t above high-wat] 0 rea*$1 "w 0 cont9u$ ?r\gh\t ! day :5ev] ! rock 0 approa*able4 ,a small wood5 plat=m 0 erect$ on "o side1 on :i* ! concrete 0 mix$1 :ile on ! o!r !re 0 a little %elf ) a small ci/]n1 :i* 0 fill$ ) wat] f ! boats bel[1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( a pump4 ,a jury d]rick 0 rigg$ up to lift ! mat]ial & m5 to ! work+ level4 ,z ! t[] rose 9 height1 ! wood5 m\ld _h to be dismemb]$ & re-erect$ ^u ! new level1 ?is op]ation be+ repeat$ no less ?an =ty times until ! desir$ height 0 ga9$4 ,"w 0 exasp]at+ly sl[ & int]mitt5t1 :ile x _h to be susp5d$ entirely = ab\t six or sev5 mon?s1 z no "o d>$ to v5ture ne> ! rock 9 w9t]4 ,tak5 on ! :ole1 x 0 "o ( ! mo/ anxi\s & difficult pieces ( ! "w ( ?is "* :i* ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t has ev] und]tak51 :ile ! work+ area 0 s conf9$ t less ?an a doz5 m5 c\ld toil simultane\sly )\t gett+ 9 "o ano!r's way4 ,rec5tly ! ,brittany coa/ has be5 fur!r protect$ by ano!r magnific5t beacon1 ! ,jum5t ligh?\se1 (f ,u%ant4 ,?is awful spot has long be5 m>k$ by a v p[]ful electric light at ,crea*1 :i* may be se5 ov] tw5ty miles away1 &1 toge!r ) its fell[ on ! opposite end ( ! isl&1 may be said to guide ! cr[d$ %ipp+ ar\nd ?is promontory v effectively4 ,b foggy wea!r r$uces ! m>9] to helplessness1 z ! sea = two miles r\nd ! isl& is /udd$ ) reefs1 ridges & rocky humps ( a v =midable "*1 s t vessels h to keep well beyond ?is zone4 ,:5 ! light is obscur$1 safe travell+ is possible only by go+ v sl[ly & mak+ lib]al use ( ! lead1 :ile ! capta9 mu/ keep a %>p eye ^u ! rapid curr5ts :i* set in%ore if he w\ld n be ?r[n ^u ! rocks he is seek+ s$ul\sly to avoid4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 ) its *>act]i/ic ?or\ghness1 det]m9$ to secure ! complete indication ( ! ,u%ant & all its dang]s by a c>efully-conceiv$ & compreh5sive *a9 ( lights di/ribut$ ov] ! dang]\s area4 ,! urg5cy ( su* a s*eme is obvi\s :5 x is rememb]$ t x is comput$ t #bd1jjj vessels ( all classes pass ,u%ant 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>4 ,at ! same "t ! sea's h>ve/ ( vessels & lives (f ?is rocky %ore e ye> is appall+ly heavy4 ,! only h&icap to ! imm$iate completion ( ! ,gov]nm5t's humane project is ! extreme difficulty ( ! "w & its prodigi\s co/4 ,=tunately1 ?r\gh ! extreme g5]osity ( a ,fr5* travell]--,m4 ,potron--x 0 r5d]$ possible to comm5ce ! s*eme4 ,^u 8 dea?1 & accord+ to ! t]ms ( 8 w1 dat$ ,janu>y #i1 #aijd1 ?is g5tleman left #djj1jjj francs--#af1jjj1 or #hj1jjj--;= ! erection ( a ligh?\se ( ! late/ type & ) ! mo/ p[]ful light+ app>atus (f ! coa/ wa%$ by ! op5 ,atlantic1 & ev5 sugge/$ t a site (f ,u%ant w\ld be f\nd ! mo/ b5eficial to humanity4 ,aft] consultation betwe5 8 executor1 residu>y legatee1 & ! ,gov]nm5t1 a rock kn[n z ,la ,jum5t1 (f ! s\? ( ! ,ile d',ouessant 7,u%ant7 0 select$ = ! site ( 8 monum5t4 ,! ligh?\se eng9e]s advocat$ a t[] #aah feet 9 height1 ) a light ( ! late/ type & a mod]n fog-signall+ app>atus4 ,?is proposal 0 accept$1 & 0 sanction$ on ,novemb] #ah1 #aijd1 by ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,headqu>t]s 7 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,bay ( ,lampaul1 on ,u%ant ,isl&1 :i* imm$iately faces ! site1 & by ! end ( #aijd ! prep>ations 7 well advanc$4 ,a /eamboat1 a laun* & a lifeboat 7 secur$1 ! fir/-nam$ = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ communication ) ! ma9l& & to br+ 9 supplies1 toge!r ) suitable craft = transport+ mat]ial & provisions to ! rock4 ,! situation ( ! l$ge & its exposure to ! wor/ wea!r r5d]$ approa* v difficult4 ,! dang] spot itself is completely cov]$ at high-tide1 & only projects #d feet at l[-wat]4 ,s f> z ! f\ndations 7 conc]n$1 "w 0 only possible = a few h\rs at a "t4 ,dur+ ! clos+ mon?s ( #aijd sev5te5 l&+s 7 made & fifty-two h\rs 9 all sp5t ^u ! rock1 :ile 9 ! succe$+ ye> ! m5 l&$ fifty-n9e times1 to put 9 an aggregate ( #bjf h\rs4 ,! curr5t ru%es r\nd ! reef ) a velocity ( "s t5 miles p] h\r1 v>y+ its direction accord+ to ! movem5ts ( ! tides4 ,inve/igation prov$ ! exi/5ce ( a small space ( wat] on "o side :]e ! boats c\ld approa* & moor safely 9 an eddy4 ,! m5 7 br\ght out 9 ! /eam]1 :i* also t[$ ! laun* & ! lifeboat4 ,! latt] 0 kept 9 read9ess alongside ! rock :ile ! m5 7 at "w1 9 case ( em]g5cy4 ,a %>p eye _h to be kept ^u ! wea!r :ile ! h&ful ( m5 lab\r$ ha/ily prep>+ ! face ( ! rock1 & at ! fir/ signs ( a ?reat5+ sky or increas$ movem5t 9 ! swell ! /eam] blew its sir51 ! m5 scrambl$ abo>d1 & 7 hurri$ back to ! isl&4 ,! ye> #aijf 0 "o ( bad wea!r1 r5d]+ frequ5t approa* impossible4 ,dur+ ?is season ! m5 l&$ only ?irty-n9e times & toil$ = #aeb h\rs1 :ile ! sum ( _! a*ievem5t 0 ! lea/ ?r\gh\t ! :ole sev5 ye>s :i* ! t[] occupi$ 9 its erection4 ,! build+ is solid = ab\t #cj feet above ! rock1 & 9 #aijh ! con/ruction ( ! t[] prop] 0 comm5c$4 ,! base is circul>1 ) a diamet] ( #cc feet2 b ! t[] itself is ( octagonal =m1 ) a diamet] at ! base ( #bh feet1 tap]+ slightly to ! top4 ,"o notable feature 9 connection ) ! "w 0 ! utilization ( electricity = ! op]ation ( ! d]rick1 :i* 0 driv5 by a petrol motor c\pl$ !reto4 ,?is 0 supplem5t$ 9 times ( pressure ) ano!r d]rick1 driv5 by curr5t g5]at$ on ! /eam]1 f :i* a cable trail$ to ! rock4 ,altoge!r #d1ahj tons ( masonry 7 transport$ to ! rock & set 9 position4 ,dur+ ! sev5 ye>s ! "w 0 9 progress1 f ! fir/ l&+ to ! f9al )drawal ( ! workm51 #ddi l&+s 7 made & #b1icg h\rs ( "w put 94 ,! l>ge/ annual aggregate ( lab\r 0 9 #aiaa1 :5 #gj l&+s 7 made & #djj h\rs turn$ to useful purpose4 ,! t[]1 :i* is ( impos+ appe>ance1 has six floors = ! conv5i5ce ( ! keep]1 /ores1 etc4 ,! ap>tm5t imm$iately b5ea? ! lant]n conta9s ! fog-signall+ app>atus1 :i* comprises a sir5 driv5 by air :i* is compress$ = ! purpose by means ( a f\rte5 horse-p[] petrol motor4 ,! signal is z foll[s3 ,?ree bla/s ( "o & a half seconds' duration ) int]v5+ int]vals ( "o & a half seconds1 foll[$ by a sil5t p]iod ( fifty-two & a half seconds1 "o cycle ?us be+ emitt$ e m9ute4 ,! light1 :i* is ?r[n f an elevation ( #aaj feet above high-wat]1 ?r[s gr\ps ( ?ree r$ fla%es at int]vals ( fifte5 seconds1 & has a maximum range ( tw5ty miles 9 v cle> wea!r4 ,9 accordance ) ! t]ms ( ! donor's w1 ! light is nam$ aft] ! rock ^u :i* x /&s1 & !re=e is kn[n z ! ,jum5t ( ,u%ant ligh?\se4 ,! b5efactor's second wi% is also respect$ 9 ! inscription wr\ght 9 ! solid granite1 :i* translat$ runs3 8,?is ligh?\se 0 built ) ! legacy ( ,*>les ,eugne ,potron1 travell]1 & memb] ( ! ,geographical ,society ( ,p>is40 ,! sum set aside by ?is b5efactor ( humanity1 h[ev]1 did n defray ! entire co/ ( ! ligh?\se4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! total outlay on ! und]tak+ 0 m ?an twice ! sum left = ! purpose1 totall+ #hej1jjj francs--#cd1jjj1 or #agj1jjj4 ,! ,gov]nm5t decid$ t ! munific5ce ( its citiz5 (f]$ ! opportunity to c>ry out ! fir/ in/alm5t ( ! s*eme x _h 9 view ^u ! mo/ complete l9es--h5ce ! heavy disbursem5t4 ,nev]!less ! orig9 ( ! ,jum5t ligh?\se is almo/ unprec$5t$ 9 ! annals ( ligh?\se eng9e]+1 & x probably ranks z ! fir/ important light :i* has be5 built 9 accordance ) ! t]ms1 & ) funds1 left by a w4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,gu>dian ,,lights ,,( ,,canada',s ,,coa/ ,! ph5om5al comm]cial expansion ( ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada1 :i* has br\ght ab\t an amaz+ developm5t 9 ! m>itime traffic ) t c\ntry on bo? its seabo>ds1 naturally has be5 responsible = ! display ( /rik+ activity 9 ! provision ( aids to navigation4 ,bo? ! ,atlantic & ,pacific coa/l9es bri/le ) dang]s ( a mo/ t]rible nature2 ! innum]able isl&s & precipit\s flanks ( rock recall ! wild rugg$ness ( ! we/]n coa/ ( ,scotl& or ! =bidd+ ,atlantic %orel9e ( ,france & ,spa94 ,:5 ! %ips ( ,brita9 fir/ trad$ ) ,canadian %ores1 %ipwrecks & ocean trag$ies 7 num]\s2 !re is no escape = a %ip :i* is caught on ^? pitiless coa/s4 ,! e>ly settl]s1 !re=e1 did n hesitate to provide ways & means ( guid+ navigators to safety4 ,_! fir/ lights 7 primitive1 compris+ bonfires f$ ) wood1 ( :i* ample supplies ab\nd$1 pit*$ on prom95t headl&s2 & ^! flick]+ rays1 :5 n obscur$ by smoke & fog1 s]v$ to spe$ ! %ip safely on h] way4 ,! ,briti% pione]s1 naturally1 did n hesitate to improve ^u ^! unc]ta9 crude me?ods ( w>n+1 9 c\rse ( "t1 by ! erection ( m sub/antial lights4 ,^! = ! mo/ "p compris$ timb]-frame dwell+s1 us$ by ! family entru/$ ) ! ma9t5ance ( ! light1 f ! ro( ( :i* a wood5 t[] ext5d$1 simil> 9 design to ! build+s fav\r$ = a simil> purpose 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,_m lights ( ?is class are /ill do+ fai?ful s]vice to-day1 & al?\gh "o might anticipate ! de/ruction ( su* a beacon f fire1 yet1 ow+ to ! unremitt+ c>e display$ by ! families associat$ ) ! upkeep !re(1 ?is awful fi5d has n be5 responsible = ! tempor>y ext9ction ( _m lights 9 ! c\ntry's hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by p]mission ( ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,p4 ,&]son4 ,,! ,,cape ,,race ,,ligh?\se1 ,,newf\ndl&4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ p[]ful beacons 9 ! _w4 ,x is fill$ ) ! hyp]radiant app>atus1 & ! ray is ( #a1ajj1jjj c&le-p[]4 ,"o ( ! olde/1 if n ! fir/ light to be e/abli%$1 0 t on ,sambro ,isl&1 to indicate ! entrance into ,halifax ,h>b\r1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,?is signpo/ ( ! sea 0 set up 9 #ageh1 & fulfill$ its purpose = #adh ye>s1 :5 x 0 recon/ruct$ & fitt$ ) ! mo/ up-to-date appliances4 ,! :ite fla% n[ bur/s =?1 at an elevation ( #adj feet above mean high-wat]1 f ! top ( a :ite octagonal /one & concrete t[]1 & is visible f a di/ance ( sev5te5 miles4 ,:5 x is blott$ out by fog1 a p[]ful signal is giv5 once e t5 m9utes by a cotton-p[d] *>ge4 ,m>9]s1 h[ev]1 are caution$ aga9/ attempt+ to make ,sambro 9 fog1 z ! %ore is wild & cruel4 ,?is explosive signal is emitt$ r to communicate a timely w>n+ to vessels :i* h lo/ _! way4 ,! two mo/ dang]\s spots 9 ! approa* to ,canada1 h[ev]1 lie (f ! ma9l&4 ,"o is ! irregul> triangul> isl& ( ,newf\ndl&2 ! o!r is a l[-ly+ /ret* ( s& kn[n z ,sable ,isl&4 ,bo? are among/ ! mo/ ill-fam$ gravey>ds 9 ! ,nor? ,atlantic1 :]e hundr$s ( %ips h gone to _! doom4 ,ev5 to-day1 al?\gh bo? are well protect$ by lights1 wrecks are by no means uncommon4 ,sable ,isl& is /alk$ by ! gho/s ( scores ( seaf>]s :o h be5 ! victims ( "s gha/ly ocean trag$y ^u its banks4 ,! isl& ( ,newf\ndl& lies 9 ! jaw ( ! ,riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ) two n>r[ passages lead+ betwe5 ! ,gulf beh9d & ! broad ,atlantic4 ,bo? /raits (f] dang]s to navigation1 al?\gh 9 ?is respect t ( ,belle ,ile1 :]eby ! nor!rn corn] ( ! isl& is r\nd$1 is ! worse (f5d]4 ,yet ! mo/ dang]\s corn] ( ! isl& is1 n :]e ! wat]ways are hemm$ 91 b t tongue :i* ?ru/s itself f> out to sea1 to t]m9ate 9 ! bluff headl& ( ,cape ,race4 ,?is %orel9e is z s]rat$ z a f9e saw1 be+ a succession ( ind5tations & /eep promontories1 ) subm]g$ reefs runn+ f> out to sea4 ,to ! s\? lies t great subm]g$ tablel&1 inv>iably curta9$ 9 fog1 :]e mighty iceb]gs t h come d[n f ! nor? p\nd & grate !mselves to pieces1 :i* ?r\gh\t ! %ipp+ _w is reg>d$ ) dread--! ,gr& ,banks4 ,?is s\?-ea/w>d corn] ( ! isl&1 by be+ ?ru/ s f> outw>ds1 br+s ! rocky headl&s into ! pa? ( ! vessels ply+ betwe5 ,europe1 ,canada1 & ,new ,york4 ,! %orte/ r\te betwe5 ! ,old & ,new ,_w ext5ds across ! nor!rn half ( ! ,banks1 ) a slight sw+ s\?w>ds to avoid ,cape ,race4 ,s f> z ! great l9]s are conc]n$1 !y are sp>$ ?is p]il1 inasmu* z _! prescrib$ lanes give ! cruel coa/ a wide b]?2 b all o!r %ipp+ has ei!r to sw+ r\nd ! headl& to ent] ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 or /rike f>!r nor? & pass ?r\gh ! ,/rait ( ,belle ,ile4 ,! latt] r\te1 h[ev]1 is available = only five mon?s 9 ! ye>2 ! great] volume ( ! traffic skirts ! s\!rn %ores ( ! isl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,cann ,,isl& ,,ligh?\se ,,on ,,! ,,ea/ ,,coa/ ,,( ,,newf\ndl&4 ,?is is a typical example ( a wood5 frame build+4 ,! t[] projects f ! ro( ( ! home ( ! ligh?\se-keep] & 8 family4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,cape ,race is to ! we/]n side ( ! ,atlantic :at ! ,fa/net & ,bi%op ,rocks are to ! ea/]n b\nd>ies ( ?is ocean4 ,ev5 if ! wild "* ( ! coa/ 7 n suffici5t ju/ification = a light1 ! curr5ts exp]i5c$ (f ^! %ores1 :i* are ( high velocity & viol5tly brok5 up by ! ind5tations & protub]ances1 w\ld dem& ! provision ( a beacon4 ,ov] "o hundr$ vessels ( all descriptions h be5 sma%$ to pieces 9 ! vic9ity ( ,cape ,race alone4 ,! ,allan l9] ,anglo-,saxon cra%$ into ! cliffs & w5t d[n 9 #ahfd ) #bij s\ls4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! dea?-roll w\ld h be5 f> heavi] _h x n be5 = ! pluck & grit ( ! ligh?\se-keep]s1 :o1 obs]v+ ! wreck1 hurri$ to ! wat]'s edge1 l[]$ !mselves ) ropes f ! heights above1 &1 /umbl+1 grop+1 & feel+ _! way ?r\gh ! d>kness1 at imm95t risk to _! own limbs & lives1 rescu$ #acj ( ! luckless pass5g]s & crew f ! wreck1 :o 7 huddl$ on a l$ge "u ! cliffs1 hungry1 %iv]+ ) cold1 & too exhau/$ to assi/ !mselves4 ,! light-keep]s & m5 f ! telegraph-/ation _h to lift ^! helpless survivors "o by "o to ! top ( ! precipice1 a task dem&+ h]culean ef=t1 pati5ce1 & intrepidity1 & to lead & help !m to ! ligh?\se1 :]e !y 7 t5d$ until a /eam]1 answ]+ ! telegraphic call = help1 came r\nd f ,/4 ,john's & took ! hapless p (f4 ,9 #aija ! ,assyrian ran a%ore 9 calm wea!r1 & 0 too firmly jamm$ on a reef to extricate h]self4 ,a week lat] ano!r f9e vessel & c>go wor? #hj1jjj1 or #djj1jjj1 0 batt]$ to pulp by ! waves1 ! ligh?\se-keep]s once m1 at great risk to !mselves1 putt+ out & rescu+ ^? on bo>d 9 ! nick ( "t4 ,ere ! excitem5t ( ?is wreck _h di$ d[n1 a ,fr5* emigrant /eam]1 ! ,lusitania1 ran full-tilt on to a reef1 & b = ! timely aid r5d]$ by ! ligh?\se-keep]s & ! fi%]folk #eej p w\ld h be5 dr[n$4 ,m fe>ful cata/rophes h be5 enact$ )9 hail ( ! lights at ,cape ,race & ,cape ,ray1 h>d by to ! we/1 & m millions /]l+ ( c>go & %ip h be5 %att]$ & lo/ "h ?an ^u any o!r correspond+ /ret* ( coa/ 9 ! _w4 ,! mo/ noticeable po9t 9 connection ) ^! disa/]s is ! l>ge numb] ( big boats :i* h end$ _! c>e]s abruptly (f ?is spot1 al?\gh ! rocks h claim$ a big %>e ( small fry z well4 ,! fir/ beacon 0 plac$ on ! headl& 9 #ahef4 ,x 0 a cyl9drical t[]1 built up ( ca/-iron plates1 erect$ ne> ! edge ( ! cliff1 :i* is #hg feet high4 ,! t[] itself be+ #ch feet 9 height1 ! focal plane ( ! beam 0 at an elevation ( #abe feet above ! sea4 ,x 0 erect$ jo9tly by ! ,briti% & ,newf\ndl& ,gov]nm5t au?orities1 al?\gh ! ma9t5ance !re( 0 entru/$ to ,great ,brita94 ,9 return = ! provision ( ?is w>n+1 a tax ( "o-sixte5? ( a p5ny1 or an eigh? ( a c5t1 p] ton1 0 collect$ 9 ,engl& f vessels pass+ ! light4 ,! beacon 0 n p>ticul>ly p[]ful1 ! ray be+ only ( "s #f1jjj c&le-p[]4 ,"s ye>s ago ! ligh?\se 0 h&$ ov] to ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t to be includ$ 9 its s]vice1 toge!r ) ! balance ( ! fund :i* _h accru$ f ! levy ( ! special tax4 ,?is sum repres5t$ #bj1egi1 or #ajb1hie4 ,! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t aboli%$ ! light-due1 & ! surplus funds 7 absorb$ into ! g5]al rev5ue ( ! c\ntry4 ,! new own]s1 realiz+ ! importance ( ! light1 subsequ5tly decid$ to provide a new beacon ( great] p[] to meet ! dem&s ( %ipp+1 :i* _h increas$ amaz+ly4 ,9 #aijg ?is /ructure 0 complet$4 ,x is a cyl9drical t[]1 c>ri$ out 9 re9=c$ concrete1 #ajj feet 9 height1 surm\nt$ by a lant]n ( ! fir/ ord] ) hyp]radial app>atus4 ,?is is ! l>ge/ type ( optical app>atus 9 use at ! pres5t "t1 & ! ray ( light produc$ by an inc&esc5t oil-burn] & mantle is ( #a1ajj1jjj c&le-p[]1 %$ f an elevation ( #aie feet above ! wat]4 ,! w>n+ fla% ( a qu>t] ( a second e sev5 & a half seconds is visible f a di/ance ( n9ete5 miles4 ,9 addition1 ! fog-signall+ app>atus 0 br\ght up to date4 ,! /eam-:i/le1 :i* _h suffic$ up to ! date ( recon/ruction1 0 replac$ by a diaphone ( ! greate/ p[] in/all$ up to t "t4 ,?is is set up ab\t #bej feet s\? ( ! ligh?\se1 ) :i* x is connect$ by a cov]$ passage4 ,! air requir$ to emit ! w>n+ bla/1 la/+ ?ree & a half seconds once 9 e half-m9ute1 is compress$ by ! aid ( /eam4 ,by day ! ligh?\se is readily di/+ui%able f its r$ & :ite v]tical /ripes1 r$ lant]n1 & :ite dwell+ ) r$ ro(1 9 :i* ! keep]s h _! qu>t]s4 ,to-day ! /ation ranks z "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! _w1 comply+ 9 e respect ) ! requisitions = "o ( a fir/-class "*4 ,sable ,isl& is p]haps an ev5 m evil spot 9 ! ,nor? ,atlantic ?an ! ill-fam$ ,newf\ndl& coa/4 ,x is a bleak1 inhospitable1 cresc5t-%ap$ collection ( s&-dunes1 eighty-five miles due ea/ ( ,nova ,scotia & ly+ "r 9 ! /eam%ip tracks4 ,a m un9vit+ /ret* ( dry l& c\ld n be conceiv$4 ,little gr[s "h beyond a special k9d ( bru%1 :i* appe>s to fl\ri% 9 sea-swept bill[s ( s&4 ,b ! ob/acle is =midable1 be+ tw5ty-two miles 9 l5g? by a mile 9 wid? at its broade/ "p4 ,?is does n con/itute ! ext5t ( its dang]s--f> f x4 ,! isl& is sl[ly b surely be+ swall[$ up by ! re/less1 hiss+ sea1 ) ! result t1 :5 "o /&s on ! almo/ indi/+ui%able l9e :]e sea meets l&1 an aspect ( :ite ruffs ( foam curl 9 all directions z f> z ! eye c see1 :]e ! surf is ?und]+ ov] ! %oals4 ,i h relat$ ! toll t ?is isl& ( ! dead has exact$ f %ipp+1,a & n[ conf9e myself to describ+ ! means t h be5 provid$ to w>n ! m>9] (f its b>s4 ,! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t ma9ta9s two ligh?\ses1 at ! we/]n & ea/]n extremities respectively1 & ^? entru/$ ) _! safe-keep+ h z lonely an exi/5ce z may be conceiv$4 ,! welcome face ( a /rang] nev] bright5s _! lives1 except :5 ! relief-boat draws 9 z f> z x d>es 9 ! calme/ wea!r1 or :5 "s luckless wret*es are snat*$ f a vessel :i* has fall5 into ! toils ( ! s& & is doom$4 ,! sea-birds & seals are _! sole companions on ?is lonely outpo/4 ,a 8,! ,/eam%ip ,conque/ ( ! ,_w10 *apt] xxi41 p4 #bii4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by c\rtesy ( ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,p4 ,&]son4 ,,! ,,light ,,at ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,end ,,( ,,belle ,,ile4 ,?is ,canadian beacon ?r[s its rays f a height ( #dgj feet4 ,9 foggy wea!r ! headl& (t5 is obscur$ by fog1 s an auxili>y light has be5 provid$ #cdf feet bel[4 ,! necessity ( indicat+ ?is dea?-trap to ! m>9] 0 realiz$ at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 b x 0 n until #ahjb t a =w>d /ep 0 tak5 to ease ! plight ( ^? :o 7 ?r[n ^u its %ores4 ,!n ! prov9ce ( ,nova ,scotia vot$ a sum ( #djj or #b1jjj1 p] annum1 = ! ma9t5ance ( a fully-equipp$ life-sav+ /ation4 ,?is sum 0 too sl5d] to fulfil ! purposes conceiv$1 b 9 #ahbg ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t1 recogniz+ ! humane "* ( ! ent]prise1 vot$ a simil> appropriation1 :i* is paid regul>ly1 or 0 up to a few ye>s ago1 t[>ds its support4 ,:5 ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada became an accompli%$ fact 9 #ahfg1 by ! conf$]ation ( ! prov9ces1 ! matt] 0 tak5 up :ole-he>t$ly1 & s9ce t date enorm\s sums h be5 exp5d$ ^u ! isl& = ! protection ( %ipp+ & ! mitigation ( ! suff]+s ( ^? ca/ ^u its inhospitable %ores4 ,at ! pres5t "t ?ree life-sav+ /ations & six relief /ations1 equipp$ ) ! be/ mod]n app>atuses1 are ma9ta9$1 connect$ by telephone & equipp$ ) a /aff ( ab\t tw5ty m54 ,:5 ! gales are rag+ & ! isl& is encircl$ 9 a broad b& ( madd5$ spray /ret*+ to ! horizon1 ^! m5 are out patroll+ ! %ore1 ready to man ! lifeboat ^u ! fir/ signals ( di/ress4 ,! life ( ^! lonely work]s n[ is light5$ v appreciably1 z ! isl& is fitt$ ) a wireless /ation1 :]e) ! m5 are able to talk ?r\gh space ) ! ma9l& & ) pass+ vessels4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by c\rtesy ( ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,p4 ,&]son4 ,,! ,,nor? ,,belle ,,ile ,,ligh?\se4 ,! w>n+ fla%1 ?r[n f a height ( #acg feet1 c be se5 f a di/ance ( #ag miles4 ,! we/ end light has pass$ ?r\gh _m vicissitudes1 & ! keep]s h exp]i5c$ innum]able ?rills4 ,at ?is po9t ! ocean is dev\r+ ! isl& rapidly4 ,9 #ahgc ! t[] 0 rais$ 9 :at 0 consid]$ a safe position4 ,x 0 plac$ "s di/ance f ! wat]'s edge on a fav\rable knoll1 & ?\ght to be immune f ! gnaw+ ( ! sea = _m ye>s to come4 ,b ,nature dispos$ o!rwise4 ,! awful w9t] ( #ahha play$ havoc ) ! isl&4 ,"o mighty gale c>ri$ away a solid *unk #gj feet wide by ne>ly #a1djj feet long4 ,:5 ! summ] came1 & an inspection 0 made1 fe>s 7 ent]ta9$ conc]n+ ! safety ( ! ligh?\se4 ,! keep]s _h obs]v$ viol5t trembl+s1 = ! t[] vibrat$ consid]ably "u ! sma%+ bl[s ( ! waves4 ,no?+ c\ld be done t summ]1 & x 0 hop$ t ! succe$+ w9t] w\ld be mild]1 to enable plans to be prep>$ = ! con/ruction ( a new t[] 9 a saf] position4 ,! keep]s1 h[ev]1 7 urg$ to keep a %>p eye on developm5ts1 & to be prep>$ = any em]g5cy4 ,! w9t] ( #ahhb prov$ to be worse ?an t ( ! previ\s ye>1 & ! isl& suff]$ m ?an ev]4 ,! keep]s & _! isolat$ comrades view$ ! advance ( ! waves ) ill-disguis$ al>m4 ,w\ld ! isl& ar\nd ! light hold out until ! spr+8 ,t 0 ! upp]mo/ ?\ght4 ,e gale br\ght ! waves ne>]1 & at la/ x 0 recogniz$ t "o good gale w\ld f9i% matt]s4 ,s ! m5 prep>$ = ! em]g5cy4 ,! demolition ( ! t[] comm5c$1 a race betwe5 ! wat]s & human lab\r4 ,! m5 work$ well & _h j got ! sup]/ructure away1 :5 !re 0 a creak1 a groan1 & a cra%6 ,! f\ndations1 :i* _h be5 und]m9$1 disappe>$ into ! ,atlantic4 ,9 less ?an t5 ye>s ! hungry ocean _h c>ri$ a mile ( ,sable ,isl& away4 ,illu/ration3 ,by k9d p]mission ( ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,p4 ,&]son4 ,a ,,magnific5t ,,canadian ,,light ,,on ,,! ,,pacific ,,coa/4 ,an octagonal t[]1 #abg feet high1 built ( f]ro-concrete4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,! ,,we/ ,,end ,,gu>dian ,,( ,,sable ,,isl&1 ,,! ,,gravey>d ,,( ,,! ,,atlantic4 ,?is t[] replaces ! /ructure demoli%$ by ! waves4 ,9 #ahhh ! pres5t magnific5t ligh?\se 0 br\ght into s]vice4 ,x is a f]ro-concrete t[] ( octagonal %ape ris+ f a massive pl9? ( ! same =m1 & is provid$ ) f\r equidi/antly-spac$ w+ buttresses to hold ! /ructure m rigid 9 r\gh wea!r4 ,! build+ is set on a knoll ris+ #bj feet above ! wat]1 & ab\t #b1ajj y>ds ea/ ( ! extremity ( ! we/]n dry spit ( l&1 s t ! ,atlantic w h to gnaw a consid]able di/ance be=e x w r5d] ! position ( ?is light unt5able4 ,! t[] is #ig feet 9 height1 br++ ! :ite ray #aah feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,! light is ( ! gr\p revolv+ type1 ?r[n once e ?ree m9utes4 ,! w>n+ is made up ( ?ree fla%es1 ) an eclipse ( ?irty seconds betwe5 ea* fla%1 foll[$ by d>kness = n9ety seconds1 & may be se5 sixte5 miles away4 ,:ile ! beacon m\nts gu>d ov] ! ma9 end ( ! isl& on "o side1 !re is a dang]\s subm]g$ b> :i* runs nor?-we/w>ds & we/w>ds = sev5te5 miles4 ,! light at ! ea/ end1 :i* 0 erect$ 9 #ahgc1 is likewise c>ri$ on an octagonal t[] #ha feet high1 b1 be+ set ^u a m comm&+ position1 ! beam is elevat$ to #abc feet4 ,x is erect$ five miles s\?-we/w>ds ( ! extreme tip ( ! isl&1 & gives a :ite fla% at int]vals ( ?ree seconds1 foll[$ by an eclipse ( fifte5 seconds2 x may be pick$ up sev5te5 miles away4 ,simil>ly1 ?is light m\nts gu>d ov] a subm]g$ s&-b>1 :i* ext5ds ea/w>ds = at lea/ f\rte5 miles4 ,dur+ ! late summ] & autumn ! majority ( ! vessels ply+ betwe5 ports on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ,europe take ! %ort] r\te r\nd ! nor!rn corn] ( ,newf\ndl& ?r\gh ! ,/raits ( ,belle ,ile4 ,?is is a highly dang]\s passage1 inasmu* z ! n>r[ /reak ( wat]1 sev5ty miles 9 l5g?1 ) a maximum wid? ( elev5 miles1 sep>at+ ! fr[n+ coa/s ( ,newf\ndl& & ,labrador1 is /rewn ) m5aces1 ! mo/ =midable ( :i* is ,belle ,ile1 :i* lies "r 9 ! c5tre ( ! entrance f ! ocean4 ,! isl& is really a l(ty hump ( rock1 tw5ty-"o miles 9 circumf]5ce1 ) ! %ores = ! mo/ "p dropp+ precipit\sly into ! wat]4 ,x is an extremely lonely spot1 &1 naturally1 is fe>$ by ! m>9]4 ,8 appreh5sions1 h[ev]1 h be5 consid]ably reliev$1 because ! *annel is brilliantly light$ by sev]al p[]ful lights visible f twelve to tw5ty-eight miles1 :ile ano!r is be+ e/abli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,/4 ,,esprit ,,isl& ,,light1 ,,nova ,,scotia4 ,its :ite revolv+ light is visible = #ad miles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gull ,,isl& ,,light1 ,,newf\ndl&4 ,a v lonely beacon1 visible = #bg miles4 ,! beacons are di/ribut$ along ! %ores ( ,newf\ndl&1 ,belle ,ile1 & ,labrador1 "o p[]ful light be+ plac$ on ,cape ,bauld1 ! nor!rnmo/ po9t ( ,newf\ndl&1 & ano!r on ,cape ,norman1 ano!r promontory to ! we/4 ,^! two lights are visible f tw5ty & sixte5 miles respectively1 :ile on ! opposite side ( ! /rait is ,am\r ,po9t light1 gu>d+ ! s\?-ea/ side ( ,=teau ,bay on ! ,labrador %ore1 :i* has a range ( eighte5 miles4 ,cape ,bauld is ! mo/ important ma9l& beacon1 inasmu* z x indicates ! entrance to ! ,belle ,ile ,/raits4 ,belle ,ile is well protect$ at its two extreme tips1 ! pr9cipal light be+ at ! s\!rn end4 ,! necessity ( guid+ %ips betwe5 ! isl& & ,newf\ndl& 0 recogniz$ half a c5tury ago1 = ?is light 0 erect$ 9 #aheh4 ,x is p]*$ on ! summit ( ! cliff1 #djj feet above ! sea1 ! occult+ light ( t5 seconds' duration & five seconds' eclipse be+ ?r[n f an altitude ( #dgj feet1 r5d]+ x di/+ui%able tw5ty-eight miles away4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! extreme elevation ( ! light (t5 causes x to be en%r\d$ 9 imp5etrable banks ( cl\ds1 :i* drape ! headl&2 s 9 #ahhj an auxili>y light 0 e/abli%$1 #cdf feet bel[ ! upp] light4 ,?is beam is simil> 9 "* to ! "o above1 &1 f its elevation ( #abd feet above ! wat]1 x may be pick$ up f sev5te5 miles out4 ,consequ5tly1 9 foggy wea!r ! l[] light may be se5 :5 ! upp] beacon is obscur$4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important po9ts on ! coa/1 be+ a m>9e telegraph1 signal1 & ice-report /ation1 :ile x is also fitt$ ) wireless telegraphy4 ,an int]e/+ feature 9 connection ) ?is light is t x 0 kept go+ = ?ree g5]ations by "o family1 ! ,coltons1 ^: "n is leg5d>y 9 ,quebec1 & "s ( :om 7 born & di$ on ,belle ,ile4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,batiscan ,,front ,,range ,,ligh?\se1 ,,riv] ,,/4 ,,lawr5ce4 ,by c\rtesy ( ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,p4 ,&]son4 ,illu/ration3 ,,isle ,,/4 ,,?,r,,se ,,upp] ,,range ,,back ,,ligh?\se1 ,,riv] ,,/4 ,,lawr5ce4 ,by c\rtesy ( ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,p4 ,&]son4 ,! second light1 on ! nor!rn extremity ( ! isl&1 to indicate ! nor!rn entrance into ! /raits1 is ( rec5t date1 hav+ be5 br\ght into op]ation 9 #aije4 ,x is a t[] ( iron1 encas$ 9 a :ite octagonal re9=c$ concrete cov]+ capp$ ) a r$ polygonal-%ap$ lant]n ?r[+ a fla% ( half a second once e elev5 seconds f a height ( #acg feet1 visible f a di/ance ( sev5te5 miles4 ,fogs & mi/s are two great p]ils peculi> to ?is nor!rn wat]way1 s ! spl5did light+ arrangem5ts are support$ by excell5t & p[]ful fog-signals4 ,! nor!rn light has a diaphone giv+ a bl>e la/+ ?ree & a half seconds e m9ute1 :ile ! s\!rn /ation has a sir5 giv+ a d\ble tone4 ,fir/ !re is a l[ note ( two & a half seconds foll[$ by sil5ce = two & a half seconds2 !n a high note ( two & a half seconds & a sil5t int]val ( #aab seconds4 ,?is signal is emitt$ f a po9t midway betwe5 ! upp] & l[] lights1 ! air = ! bla/ be+ compress$ by wat]-p[]4 ,ano!r humane provision is ! depot at ! s\!rn /ation1 :i* is kept /ock$ ) food supplies = ! b5efit ( %ipwreck$ m>9]s4 ,9 #ahih a freight] c>ry+ a deck-load ( #djj ox5 w5t a%ore b5ea? ?is light & became a hopeless wreck4 ,! crew1 realiz+ ! impossibility ( sav+ ! animals1 fir$ ! %ip1 s t ! animals 7 suffocat$ & bruis$1 !reby sp>+ ! inhabitants ( ! isl& a deadly risk1 & solv+ ! difficult problem :i* o!rwise w\ld h aris51 _h ! brutes be5 dr[n$ 9 ! ord9>y way & _! decompos+ c>casses ca/ up on ! bea*4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,dom9ion l9] ,scotsman cra%$ on to ! rocks ne> ! same spot1 & likewise became a total loss1 ) a dea?-roll ( n9e4 ,by d9t ( great ef=t ! survivors scrambl$ a%ore1 & _h a we>y trudge ( n9e miles ov] a brok51 rock-/rewn wild]ness to ga9 ! ligh?\se /ation & assi/ance1 arriv+ 9 a fami%$ & exhau/$ condition1 to be t5d$ by ! light-keep]s & _! families4 ,belle ,ile is a lonely /ation 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w1 al?\gh ! keep]s are bett] (f n[ ?an !y 7 a few ye>s ago4 ,! /raits are busy 9 ! summ]1 be+ cr[d$ ) %ipp+1 b ) ! com+ ( ,novemb] all life disappe>s1 & ! l9]s d n return until ! foll[+ ,may or ,june4 ,! rock is cut (f f ! ma9l& by ! masses ( ice :i* pile up 9 ! e/u>y1 toge!r ) ! cr[ds ( iceb]gs :i* come d[n f ,gre5l&4 ,= six mon?s ! gu>dians ( ! light are isolat$ f ! _w at l>ge1 al?\gh !y h a sl5d] l9k ( communication 9 ! subm>9e cable4 ,b ! /orms & /ress ( w9t] (t5 rupture ?is l9e1 &1 z ! wireless in/allation is clos$ d[n :5 navigation ceases1 ! keep]s & _! families settle d[n to a sil5t1 we>y vigil1 kn[+ no?+ ( ! re/ ( ! _w1 & all b =gott5 by civilization1 because an int]ruption 9 ! cable _c be repair$ until ! ice disappe>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,upp] ,,trav]se ,,ligh?\se ,,9 ,,! ,,riv] ,,/4 ,,lawr5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,p4 ,&]son4 ,,an 8,,ice ,,%ove0 ,,^u ,,! ,,back ,,range ,,light ,,9 ,,lake ,,/4 ,,pet]4 ,?is photo gives a /rik+ idea ( ! tr\ble exp]i5c$ ) ice 9 ,canadian wat]s4 ,ev5 :5 ! ,gulf ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce is ent]$1 ! navigator is n free f p]il4 ,! wat]way is litt]$ ) rocks & isl&s4 ,among ^! are ,c(f9 ,isl& & ,antico/i1 ! latt] be+ ! private prop]ty ( ,m4 ,h5ri ,mni]1 ! ,fr5* *ocolate magnate4 ,= _m ye>s ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce 0 a byword to navigation1 & wrecks 7 num]\s4 ,x 0 %unn$ by navigators & abhorr$ by und]writ]s4 ,ev5 to ?is day ! latt] reg>d x askance1 & ! insurance rates are high ^u vessels trad+ 9 ^! wat]s4 ,?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,m>9e & ,fi%]ies1 ! ,dom9ion ,gov]nm5t is remov+ ?is /igma f _! great m>9e av5ue1 & _! eng9e]-9-*ief4 ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,william ,p4 ,&]son1 to :om ,i am indebt$ = mu* in=mation conc]n+ ! gu>dians ( ! ,canadian coa/s1 has display$ comm5dable ent]prise & +5uity 9 combat+ ! natural odds pitt$ aga9/ human endeav\r to r5d] ! coa/s ( ! c\ntry m fri5dly to navigation4 ,9 ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ! great foe is ice4 ,its onslaughts are t]rific1 & none b ! /ronge/ works has a *ance to survive ! enorm\s pressure ex]t$ :5 ! ice is on ! run aft] ! break ( w9t]4 ,z is well kn[n1 = "s five mon?s 9 ! ye> ! riv] is froz5 s ?ick & solid t x w support a tra94 ,naturally1 :5 ?is arm\r collapses1 & ! floes are hurl$ seaw>ds by ! curr5t1 !y conc5trate _! de/ructive en]gies ^u any ob/acles 9 _! way1 pil+ up 9 huge masses weigh+ ?\s&s ( tons4 ,x is no uncommon circum/ance = ! floes to pack 9 a jagg$ heap #ej feet high1 :ile all ! "t !re is a cont9ual pu% aga9/ ! ob/ruction4 ,"u ^! circum/ances extreme +5uity has to be display$ 9 ! erection ( ! fix$ lights4 ,! float+ lights1 su* z buoys1 escape ?is p]il1 z !y are pick$ up :5 navigation ceases1 to be h\s$ 9 qu>t]s on dry l&1 & replac$ :5 ! riv] is op5 once m4 ,yet x is n only ! ice 9 itself :i* causes tr\ble4 ,! level ( ! riv] rises :5 ! ice is runn+1 & ?is pressure alone is enorm\s1 :ile ! sc\r+ action ab\t ! f\ndations is t]rific4 ,! type ( /ructure adopt$ v>ies ) ! situation & "* ( ! light4 ,! beacons = ! aid ( navigation1 9 common ) ! practice ^u ,am]ican wat]ways1 are divid$ into gr\ps or ranges1 & ! capta9 picks out 8 *annel by keep+ ^! lights & m>ks 9 v>i\s l9es4 ,maybe f\r or five lights h to be br\ght into l9e1 & accord+ly ! height ( ! unit ( ea* range v>ies f its fell[4 ,?us1 ! front light w be l[1 t beh9d a little high]1 & s on1 until ! la/ light 9 ! gr\p1 or 8back light0 ( ! range1 z x is call$1 is a l(ty /ructure4 ,9 "s places ! light is plac$ 9 mid-/ream1 & p]haps m\nt$ ^u a massive1 high1 /eel caisson1 re/+ ^u a concrete f\ndation1 !reby prov+ immovable to ! mo/ p[]ful ( ice-%oves4 ,or a l>ge pi] c>ri$ out 9 f]ro-concrete & pyramidal 9 %ape is us$4 ,9 ! case ( ! back light !re is a skeleton t[]1 :i* /ructure is employ$ to ga9 ! necess>y height4 ,?is is c>ri$ ^u a high1 huge1 solid pl9? ( concrete1 ev5 if built aga9/ ! bank4 ,! frazil ice dams ! *annel1 caus+ ! wat] to rise1 & unless ! =ego+ precautions 7 adopt$ widespread damage w\ld result4 ,all ! lights betwe5 ! gulf & ,montreal h to be protect$ 9 ?is mann]1 s t x w be se5 t ! adequate light+ ( ?is wat]way bri/les ) eng9e]+ difficulties ( no light "*1 & is exp5sive4 ,! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t also is responsible1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 = ! light+ ( ! ,great ,lakes1 :i* is describ$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 :]e simil> difficulties prevail4 ,x has also a long /ret* ( ! mo/ rugg$ "p ( ! ,pacific coa/ to patrol1 aggregat+ ab\t #fjj miles betwe5 ,victoria & ,vanc\v] to ! ,portl& ,canal1 :]e ,canadian meets ,alaskan t]ritory4 ,?is is a wick$ coa/1 brok5 & batt]$1 z well z flank$ by an out] b>ri] ( isl&s1 recall+ ! ,sc&9avian ,p59sula 9 its g5]al topographical *>act]i/ics4 ,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s ! necessity ( light+ ?is seabo>d adequately has become m pron\nc$1 ow+ to ! creation ( ! new port ( ,pr9ce ,rup]t1 a few miles bel[ ,alaskan t]ritory1 :]e ! ,gr& ,trunk ,pacific rea*es d[n to ! we/]n sea1 & ! gr[+ sea-borne traffic ) ,alaska4 ,! fact t a l>ge portion ( ?is navigation is ma9ta9$ ?r\gh ! inside passages1 bri/l+ ) %>p turns1 n>r[ defiles1 & jagg$ headl&s1 :i* = ! mo/ "p are wrapp$ g5]ally 9 fog1 r5d]s ! light+ problem m intricate4 ,probably ! mo/ important light1 & c]ta9ly ! l(tie/ on ! ,pacific seacoa/ nor? ( ! ,equator1 is t on ! summit ( ,triangle ,isl&1 ,briti% ,columbia4 ,x 0 built 9 #aiaj1 & al?\gh ! lant]n itself is only #df feet 9 height1 ! elevation ( ! headl& br+s ! :ite gr\p-fla%+ light ( #a1jjj1jjj c&le-p[] #gjj feet above ! sea1 giv+ x a range ( ?irty-f\r miles4 ,f\r fla%es are emitt$ dur+ ea* t5 seconds1 ea* fla% la/+ #jbh second ) int]v5+ eclipses ea* ( #abh seconds1 ) an eclipse betwe5 ea* gr\p ( #eid seconds4 ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,&]son has introduc$ a new type ( re9=c$ concrete ligh?\se ) fly+ buttresses4 ,! latt] are n requir$ = /r5g?1 b are utiliz$ to give great] /iffness to ! t[]1 z a column #ajj feet or m 9 height1 no matt] h[ /rongly x may be built1 mu/ vibrate & sw+ 9 high w9ds4 ,yet x is desirable to keep ! lant]n z /eady z possible1 & ?is is a*iev$ mu* m completely ^u ! above pr9ciple4 ,! eng9e]-9-*ief ( ! ligh?\se au?ority ( ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t consid]s ?is me?od ( con/ruction to be ! la/ ^w 9 ligh?\se build+1 & has complet$ "s notable works ^u ^! l9es4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important is ! ,e/evan ,po9t light1 on ! we/ coa/ ( ,vanc\v]1 at a place kn[n z ,hole-9-!-,wall4 ,! t[]1 ( octagonal1 tap]+ =m1 is #abg feet 9 height1 & ?r[s a :ite gr\p-fla%+ light1 compris+ ?ree fla%es ea* ( #ic seconds ) two eclipses1 ea* ( #acg seconds1 & a f9al eclipse ( #fcf seconds betwe5 ea* gr\p1 sev5te5 miles out to sea4 ,! surr\nd+s ( ?is /ation are mo/ romantic4 ,l&+ any:]e 9 its vic9ity is extremely difficult & dang]\s1 & ! eng9e] _h to select a po9t ab\t two miles di/ant = ?is purpose4 ,f ?is place a road & tramway h be5 laid ?r\gh a gr& primeval =e/1 su* z is to be f\nd only ^u ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 :]e9 roams a drove ( magnific5t wild cattle4 ,:ile ! ,canadian coa/ _c po9t to any ligh?\se "w comp>+ ) ! ,eddy/one1 ,sk]ryvore1 or ,heaux de ,brhat1 yet its mo/ p[]ful beacons are ( a comm&+ "*1 repres5t+ z !y d ! late/ & be/ 9 connection ) coa/ light+4 ,!re is an enorm\s /ret* ( difficult %ore to patrol1 along :i* has to be guid$ an imm5se volume ( valuable %ipp+4 ,9 addition to ! att5d$ lights1 ! ,gov]nm5t has be5 extremely ent]pris+ 9 ! adoption ( unatt5d$ beacons 7describ$ 9 ano!r *apt]71 miles ( lonely1 inhospitable %ore be+ gu>d$ 9 ?is way4 ,al?\gh ! developm5t 9 ?is direction is ( comp>atively rec5t date1 ! protection ( m>itime trade is be+ c>ri$ out 9 accordance ) a compreh5sive policy1 s t )9 a few ye>s ! coa/s ( ! ,dom9ion w be r5d]$ z safe to ! %ipp+ ( ! _w z human +5uity c contrive4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,m9ot',s ,,l$ge ,,light ,lov]s ( ,longfell[ w recall ! poet's song to ! ligh?\se1 b h[ _m ( 8 admir]s "k to :at beacon ^! /irr+ l9es ref]8 ,:5 !y 7 p5n$ ! au?or _h 9 8 m9d's eye an example ( ! eng9e]'s h&iwork :i* ranks z "o ( ! f9e/ sea-rock lights 9 exi/5ce1 wor?y ( comp>ison ) ! mo/ fam\s ( simil> /ructures scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! wat]s wa%+ ! ,old ,_w4 ,?is is ! f>-fam$ ,m9ot's ,l$ge light1 w>n+ ! seaf>] mak+ to & f ,bo/on ,bay ( ! t]rible p]il :i* lurks b5ea? ! waves on ! s\!rn side ( ! entrance to ?is busy ind5tation4 8,l ! great giant ,*ri/oph] x /&s10 a p[]ful monum5t to eng9e]+ g5ius1 dogg$ p]sev]ance aga9/ ov]:elm+ odds1 & a grim1 bitt] conte/ la/+ five we>y ye>s betwe5 ! implacable elem5ts & human endeav\r4 ,! ,m9ot ,l$ge is "o ( ^? jagg$ reefs :i* ?ru/ !mselves f> out into ! sea1 /udd$ ) p9nacles & *isel-l edges1 :i* nev]1 or v seldom1 protrude above ! waves4 ,%ip aft] %ip f\l$ ?is dang] spot1 ei!r to be sunk or to be s badly crippl$ t x b>ely c\ld contrive to crawl to safety4 ,! prosp]ity ( ,bo/on 0 ?reat5$ by ?is p]il to %ipp+1 & !re=e x is n surpris+ t a resolution 0 pass$ to devise "s ways & means ( indicat+ its pres5ce to ^? :o g d[n to ! sea 9 %ips4 ,! solution 0 (f]$ 9 a skeleton /ructure fa%ion$ f iron1 :i* 0 design$ by ,capta9 ,w4 ,h4 ,swift1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,topographical ,eng9e]s4 ,he se>*$ ! reef ?r\gh & ?r\gh to asc]ta9 ! po9t :]e ! beacon %\ld be plac$ s z to prove ( ! greate/ value4 ,?is 9 itself 0 no simple matt]1 inasmu* z ,m9ot's ,l$ge is b "o ( a great area ( wick$ crags1 :i* collectively are kn[n z ! ,cohasset ,rocks1 & :i* /raggle ov] ! sea-b$ 9 all directions4 ,aft] ! position _h be5 reconnoitr$ ?or\ghly1 & s\nd+ & levels _h be5 tak51 ! eng9e] decid$ t ! mo/ seaw>d rock ( ! gr\p1 kn[n z ! ,out] ,m9ot1 w\ld be ! mo/ /rategical position1 & accord+ly he plann$ to erect 8 beacon !reon4 ,x 0 a d>+ proposal1 because ! reef at ! po9t select$ only exposes "s #be feet ( its mass above ! fall+ tide1 & !n ! highe/ po9t ( ! rock sc>cely ?ru/s itself #c feet into ! air4 ,x 0 realiz$ t ! p]iods ( work+ betwe5 ! tides w\ld inevitably be v brief1 :ile ev5 !n1 ow+ to ! op5 position ( ! ridge1 a l&+ w\ld only be possible 9 v smoo? wea!r1 & ! m5 w\ld h to suff] exposure to ! fury ( ! waves z !y da%$ ov] ! l$ge4 ,capta9 ,swift decid$ ^u a skeleton iron /ructure1 n only because x w\ld be quick] to erect & w\ld co/ less1 b because x w\ld (f] ! lea/ resi/ance to ! waves1 :i* w\ld be free to exp5d _! en]gy among ! /ilts4 ,! task 0 tak5 9 h& at ! fir/ fav\rable opportunity1 &1 ! sy/em l5d+ itself to rapid con/ruction1 m>k$ progress 0 made e "t ! workm5 succe$$ 9 gett+ on ! l$ge4 ,! lant]n & keep]s' qu>t]s 7 support$ ^u n9e piles1 #fj feet above ! rock4 ,! legs 7 s dispos$ t eight describ$ ! circumf]5ce ( a circle1 :ile ! n9? con/itut$ ! axis4 ,?is t[] 0 complet$ 9 #ahdh1 & = ! fir/ "t ! navigator mak+ ^! trea*]\s wat]s receiv$ a p[]ful w>n+ to keep cle> ( ,m9ot's ,l$ge4 ,= ?ree ye>s ! beacon surviv$ ! batt]+ ( w9d & wave1 b its welcome beam 0 la/ se5 on ! night ( ,april #af1 #ahea4 ,9 ! spr+ ( t ye> a gale ( t]rific fury beat ^u ! ,massa*usetts coa/4 ,! w9d fre%5$ on ,april #ac2 ! next day x rose to its full =ce1 & did n abate = f\r days4 ,! good p ( ,bo/on grew appreh5sive conc]n+ ! plight ( ! two keep]s ( ! lonely ,m9ot's light1 b1 h[ev] will+ !y might h be5 to h put out to ! beacon1 !y 7 absolutely impot5t be=e ! f]ocity ( ! elem5ts4 ,"t aft] "t ! light vani%$ f sight z x 0 envelop$ 9 an angry curl+ m\nta9 ( wat]4 ,on ,april #ag ! doleful toll+ ( ! ligh?\se bell 0 he>d1 b ! light 0 nev] se5 aga94 ,! /ructure _h slipp$ completely f sight1 toge!r ) its fai?ful keep]s1 swall[$ by ! hungry ,atlantic4 ,evid5tly ! wail ( ! bell 0 a la/ plea = assi/ance1 because no d\bt ! ligh?\se _h b[$ to ! /orm & 0 tott]+ :5 ! toll+ rang out4 ,b ! call br\ght no help2 x 0 ! fun]al knell ( ! gu>dians ( ! beacon4 ,:5 ! sea w5t d[n a boat pu%$ (f to ! l$ge1 & all t 0 se5 7 a few b5t piles4 ,capta9 ,swift _h done 8 "w well4 ,! waves c\ld n te> 8 beacon up by ! roots1 s _h snapp$ (f ! piles l c>rots1 & _h c>ri$ away ! lant]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,m9ot',s ,,l$ge ,,light4 ,m>k+ ! rock (f ,bo/on ,h>b\r1 x is "o ( ! greate/ works complet$ by ! ligh?\se build]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x =ms ! !me ( ,longfell['s well-kn[n poem4 ,?is s5sational disa/]1 aft] a brief exi/5ce ( ?ree ye>s1 did n augur well = ! p]man5ce ( a light ^u ?is prec>i\s l$ge4 ,! ,out] ,m9ot appe>$ to be det]m9$ to cont9ue its plund] ( %ips1 c>goes1 & lives1 untrammell$4 ,accord+ly1 = ?ree ye>s no ef=t 0 made to br+ ab\t its subjugation4 ,9 #ahee ,g5]al ,b>n>d1 "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s eng9e]s :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates has ev] produc$1 br\ght =w>d ! plans = a /ructure :i* he ?\ght w\ld resi/ ! mo/ =midable attacks ( w9d & wave4 ,he took ,rudy]d's fam\s ,eddy/one t[] z 8 patt]n4 ,?is 0 p]haps ! /ronge/ design t c\ld be c>ri$ out aga9/ ! sea1 hav+ "o weak po9t only--x 0 built ( wood4 ,g5]al ,b>n>d contemplat$ a simil> /ructure = ,m9ot's ,l$ge1 b 9 masonry4 ,! ,ligh?\se ,bo>d1 :i* _h rec5tly be5 inaugurat$ to control ! ligh?\ses ar\nd ! coa/s ( ! c\ntry1 exam9$ ! idea m9utely1 & submitt$ ! design to ! mo/ exp]t criticism & discussion1 b all 7 s impress$ ) its out/&+ features t !y decid$ to support x :ole-he>t$ly4 ,a m9ute survey ( ! rock 0 prep>$1 & ! plans 7 /raight away p]fect$ = ! prep>ation ( ! masonry on %ore4 ,s c>efully 0 ?is "w c>ri$ out1 t1 ) ! exception ( a few blocks ( masonry con/itut+ ! f\ndations1 :i* _h to be prep>$ on ! site1 & "s slight v>iations 9 ! me?od ( con/ruction1 ! orig9al ideas 7 fulfill$4 ,"w 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahee1 ! build+ op]ations be+ plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ,b4 ,s4 ,alex&]1 at t "t ,lieut5ant ( ,eng9e]s1 & ! successful completion ( ! "w 0 due 9 a v great measure to 8 ability & +5uity1 because ! :ole und]tak+ 0 plac$ 9 8 h&s & he _h to ov]come difficulties at e turn z !y arose4 ,! build] 0 h&icapp$ 9 e way4 ,fir/ !re 0 ! brief p]iod 9 :i* op]ations c\ld be c>ri$ out ^u ! site1 ! work+ season ext5d+ only f ,april #a to ,septemb] #ae 9 ea* ye>4 ,?is is n to say t ! masons 7 able to toil ^u ! rock cont9u\sly e day dur+ ?is int]val--f> f x4 ,9 ord] to get ! f\ndations laid !re 7 ?ree ess5tials--a p]fectly smoo? sea1 a dead calm1 & l[ spr+-tides4 ,ne$less to say1 x 0 on v r>e occasions inde$ t ^! ?ree requirem5ts 7 9 h>mony4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !y c\ld occur only ab\t six times dur+ e lun> mon?--?ree times dur+ full moon1 & ?ree at ! *ange4 ,ev5 !n1 ei!r ! w9d or ! sea int]v5$ to nullify ! b5efits aris+ f ! l[e/ tides4 ,s mu* s t1 al?\gh "w comm5c$ at daybreak on ,sunday1 ,july #a1 #ahee1 only #acj work+ h\rs 7 possible ^u ! rock be=e lab\rs ceas$ = ! season 9 ! middle ( ! foll[+ ,septemb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t5d] ,,l&+ ,,build+ ,,mat]ial ,,^u ,,! ,,tillamook ,,rock4 ,a d]rick has be5 provid$ to facilitate ^! op]ations1 :ile a /airway leads f ! l&+ po9t to ! ligh?\se4 ,on ga9+ ! rock1 ,lieut5ant ,alex&] decid$ to make use ( ! holes :i* _h be5 driv5 into ! granitic mass by ,capta9 ,swift to receive ! piles ( ! previ\s /ructure4 ,! twi/$ & brok5 pieces ( iron 7 )drawn & ! holes clean$ out4 ,simultane\sly ! upp] surface ( ! rock 0 p>$ & trimm$ by ! aid ( *isels1 :i* 0 no easy task1 because at times ! masons 7 compell$ to manipulate _! tools z be/ !y c\ld 9 two or ?ree feet ( wat]4 ,?is prep>ation ( ! rock to receive ! base con/itut$ "o ( ! mo/ notable features ( ! "w4 ,9 ! great] numb] ( o!r out/&+ a*ievem5ts ^u sea-rocks ! surface ( ! latt] has be5 above ! waves at l[e/ spr+-tides1 :]eas 9 ?is case a great "p ( ! f\ndation "w 0 cont9u\sly subm]g$4 ,?is prep>ation ( ! rock-face necessitat$ ! f9al trimm+ & %ap+ ^u ! site ( _m ( ! masonry blocks =m+ ! root ( ! t[]4 ,!y c\ld n possibly be prep>$ a%ore to br+ ab\t ! tight fit :i* 0 imp]ative4 ,accord+ly1 all b ! bottom faces ( ! blocks 7 prep>$ 9 ! depot on ! ma9l&1 & !y 7 !n %ipp$ to ! l$ge = f9al p>+ & trimm+4 ,! atta*m5t ( ! bottom c\rses to ! rock-face 0 c>ri$ out v +5i\sly4 ,bags ( s& 7 br\ght on to ! rock & laid ar\nd ! spot ^u :i* a p>ticul> block ( /one 0 to be laid4 ,! sacks1 be+ fill$ ) s&1 7 pliable1 s t1 :5 deposit$1 !y adapt$ !mselves to ! cont\r ( ! l$ge1 & prev5t$ ! wat] mak+ its way 9 "u ! ramp>t4 ,! wat] )9 ?is small dam 0 !n remov$1 sponges be+ us$ 9 ! f9al empty+ task1 s z to suck out ! salt sea f ! cracks & crevices1 leav+ ! surface on :i* ! block ( /one 0 to be laid q dry4 ,a film ( cem5t 0 !n tr[ell$ ^u ! rock surface1 & ^u ?is 0 laid a %eet ( musl94 ,! inclusion ( ! musl9 0 a wise precaution1 because :ile ! "w 0 9 progress a w&]+ wave 0 liable to curl ov] ! rock1 swamp+ ! small dri$ space1 :51 b = ! pres5ce ( ! musl91 ! cem5t w\ld h be5 c>ri$ away4 ,at ! same "t ! cem5t 0 able to p5etrate ! me%es ( ! musl9 :5 ! /one 0 deposit$1 s z to grip ! surface ( ! latt] & to hold x tightly 9 position4 ,"u su* abnormal conditions ( work+ ! masons _h _m excit+ mom5ts4 ,no matt] h[ smoo? 0 ! sea1 sev]al r5egade waves w\ld plunge ov] ! l$ge4 ,! masons _h to be prep>$ = ^! unwelcome visitors1 & precautions _h to be introduc$ to prev5t !m be+ wa%$ (f _! sl5d] foo?old4 ,a sub/antial iron /ag+ 0 erect$ ov] ! work+ area on ! rock1 to facilitate ! h&l+ ( ! build+ mat]ial4 ,a numb] ( ropes 7 atta*$ to ?is /ag+1 ! free ends ( :i* dangl$ beside ! workm54 ,^! 7 ! life-l9es1 "o be+ provid$ = ea* man4 ,a look\t 0 po/$1 :o1 :5 he saw a wave approa*+ & b5t ^u sweep+ ! rock1 gave a %rill signal4 ,in/antly ea* workman dropp$ 8 tools1 clut*$ 8 life-l9e tightly1 ?rew himself pro/rate on ! rock1 & all[$ ! wave to pass ov] him4 ,! situation c]ta9ly 0 uncom=table1 & ! m5 (t5 toil$ 9 sodd5$ clo!s1 b an involunt>y ba? 0 pref]able to ! loss ( a life or to brok5 limbs4 ,"w advanc$ s sl[ly t dur+ ! fir/ two ye>s1 :i* 7 devot$ to ! excavation ( ! pit & ! prep>ations ( ! rock-face1 only #bhg h\rs' "w 7 accompli%$4 ,9 ! ?ird ye> ?is task 0 complet$1 & f\r /ones laid 9 a fur!r #acj h\rs #ba m9utes4 ,by ! end ( ! work+ season ( #ahei tw5ty-six c\rses 7 f9i%$1 s t1 :ile ! volume ( "w fulfill$ 9 #a1ajb h\rs #ba m9utes1 & spread ov] five ye>s1 c]ta9ly 0 n impos+1 x 0 rem>kable "u ! circum/ances4 ,! /ones = ! f\ndations 7 s5t f %ore ) ! indication -#c' #e01 -#b' #i01 -#a' #c01 & s on1 indicat+ t ^! /ones 7 prep>$ = positions #c feet #e in*es1 #b feet #i in*es1 & s on1 bel[ z]o4 ,& ! z]o m>k 0 #ba in*es bel[ wat]6 ,above ! z]o m>k ! /ones 7 prefix$ by a 8plus0 sign4 ,! %aft is purely conical1 & solid except = a c5tral well ext5d+ f ! f\ndations up to ! level ( ! entrance4 ,! successive c\rses ( /ones 7 secur$ to "o ano!r1 & ea* /one 0 atta*$ to its neighb\r 9 ! r+ by ! aid ( heavy iron dogs1 s t ! l[] "p ( ! %aft =ms a practically solid homog5\s mass4 ,:at are kn[n z cont9u\s 8d[els0 7 sunk ?r\gh ea* c\rse ( masonry into ! holes 9 ! solid rock prep>$ by ,capta9 ,swift = 8 skeleton light1 ?is fur!r atta*m5t ( ! mass to ! l$ge be+ cont9u$ until ! twelf? c\rse 0 ga9$4 ,?us additional security is obta9$ by an*or+ ! t[] firmly to ! reef4 ,! solid portion ( ! build+ is #dj feet 9 height f ! level ( ! fir/ complete r+ ( /ones1 & ! t[] is #hj feet high to ! lant]n gall]y4 ,! ov]-all height to ! top ( ! lant]n cupola is #ajb feet1 :ile ! focal plane is #hd feet above mean high-wat]4 ,! fir/ /one 0 laid on ,july #i1 #aheg1 :ile ! masons complet$ _! duties on ,june #bi1 #ahfj1 s t five ye>s 7 occupi$ ^u ! "w4 ,9 erection #c1ead tons ( r\gh & #b1cfg tons ( hamm]$ /one1 9 addition to #a1jgi numb]$ /ones1 7 us$1 & ! total co/1 includ+ ! light-keep]s' h\ses on ! ma9l&1 0 #fj1jjj1 or #cjj1jjj1 s t x ranks among ! m co/ly lights :i* h be5 provid$ = ! seaf>]'s b5efit4 ,on ,novemb] #ae1 #ahfj1 n9e & a half ye>s aft] ! de/ruction ( ! fir/ beacon1 ! light 0 once m ?r[n f ,m9ot's ,l$ge = ! b5efit ( pass+ %ips4 ,! light is ( ! second ord]1 visible f\rte5 & ?ree-qu>t] miles out to sea1 & is ( ! fla%+ type1 signall+ 8#adc0 e ?irty seconds ?us--"o fla% foll[$ by ?ree seconds' d>kness1 f\r fla%es ) ?ree seconds' eclipse1 & ?ree fla%es ) an int]val ( fifte5 seconds' d>kness4 ,! t[] has be5 subject$ to repeat$ prodigi\s assaults1 ! nor?-ea/ gales 9 p>ticul> ?und]+ ^u ?is reef ) trem5d\s fury1 b x has )/ood all attacks ) complete success4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,tillamook ,,rock ,,light-,,/ation ,:ile ! ,nor!rn ,pacific ,ocean is ! lonelie/ /ret* ( salt wat] 9 ! _w1 yet x possesses "o or two busy corn]s4 ,prom95t among ! latt] is t :]e x wa%es ! %ores ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ar\nd ! entrance to ! mighty ,columbia ,riv]4 ,! e/u>y is wide1 &1 al?\gh navigation is h&icapp$ by a b>1 x is well protect$4 ,b com+ up f ! s\? !re is a /ret* ( t]ribly =bidd+ coa/l9e1 ) ! cliffs at places t[]+ #a1ejj feet or m into ! air & dropp+ %e] into ! wat]4 ,rock-slides are ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 & ! bea* is litt]$ ) heavy falls f above4 ,"h & !re protub]ances rise f ! sea1 =m$ ( rock suffici5tly d5se & h>d to )/& m effectively ! process ( erosion1 only to con/itute fe>ful m5aces to navigation4 ,(t5 ! ma9l& is completely obscur$1 ei!r by /reaks ( mi/ or heavy cl\ds ( smoke produc$ by =e/ fires1 :i* 9 ! dry season rage ) great viol5ce4 ,a %ip caught )9 ! toils ( ?is /]n coa/ has no possible *ance ( escape1 :ile ! crew w\ld f9d x difficult to get a%ore1 inasmu* z at places !re is n a s+le l&+-place )9 a di/ance ( tw5ty miles4 ,ow+ to ! coa/ be+ frequ5tly blott$ f view1 & to ! fact t ?is /ret* ( sea is swept by furi\s /orms1 ! plight ( ! m>9] mak+ to or f ! ,columbia ,riv] became exce$+ly prec>i\s4 ,! wor/ trag$y ( ^! wat]s 0 enact$ on ! d>k & /ormy night ( ,janu>y #c1 #ahha1 :5 ! sail+-%ip ,lupata lo/ h] way & w5t to pieces on ! rocks (f ,tillamook ,head4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x is n surpris+ t an outcry arose = protection along ?is lonely rea* ( ,oregon's jagg$ %orel9e4 ,! au?orities respond$ to ! agitation by ! promise to erect a ligh?\se1 once !y %\ld h decid$ ! site1 :i* 0 ! really p]plex+ "q4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance x 0 ?\ght t its location ^u ! ma9l& w\ld suffice1 b a survey betray$ ! futility ( su* a *oice4 ,! light w\ld be too elevat$ to be ( any s]vice2 = ! great] "p ( its "t x w\ld be r5d]$ invisible by l& fogs4 ,!n1 aga91 x w\ld mean cutt+ a road = a di/ance ( tw5ty miles ?r\gh heavy1 undulat+ c\ntry & primeval =e/ to ga9 ! po9t1 z ! v]dant sea ( gre5 timb] ext5ds to ! v br9k ( ! cliffs4 ,aft] prolong$ consid]ation1 x 0 decid$ to erect ! light ^u ! ,tillamook ,rock4 ,?is is a h>d mass ( basalt1 ris+ boldly f ! wat] to a height ( #abj feet1 :i*1 :5 view$ f "o side1 pres5t$ ! appe>ance ( a cl5*$ fi/4 ,x /&s ab\t a mile (f ! ma9l&1 tw5ty miles s\? ( ! ,columbia ,riv] m\?1 & drops plumb into ! sea1 :]e ! lead gives read+s rang+ f #if to #bdj feet4 ,! :ole area ( ! rock is less ?an "o acre1 & x is split almo/ 9 two2 ano!r isolat$ knot ( basalt1 ^u :i* ! seas break heavily :5 a /orm is rag+1 re>s its %aggy head into ! air ne> by at l[-tide4 ,! only possible l&+-po9t is on ! ea/ side1 :]e !re is a bea* slop+ upw>ds %>ply f ! wat] to ! cre/4 ,:5 ! ocean is r\s$ ! sight c]ta9ly is t]rify+4 ,! waves fall ) %iv]+ =ce ^u ! base ( ! rock1 to ru% up its ragg$ sides & sweep "r ov] its cre/ 9 a d5se curta9 ( angrily fro?+ wat] & :ipp+ spray4 ,despite its fe>some "*1 ?is rock con/itut$ ! mo/ s]viceable situation = a light1 = ! reason t1 be+ a mile f ! %ore1 x 0 free f l& fogs & cl\ds4 ,! decision ( ! au?orities dep5d$ ^u ?ree factors only--t a l&+ c\ld be made1 ! rock occupi$1 & ! requisite build+ mat]ials unload$4 ,! introduction ( su* a sav+ clause 0 politic1 because at fir/ x seem$ z if ! rock w\ld defy ! ga9+ ( a foo?old4 ,! gha/ly failure att5d+ ! survey1 z describ$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 br\ght public op9ion into dead opposition to ! project1 & _m fe>some /ories 7 circulat$ s$ul\sly up & d[n ! coa/ & among ! t[ns fr++ ! ,columbia ,riv] conc]n+ ! p]ils1 h>d%ips1 & t]rible dea?-roll1 :i* w\ld att5d any attempt to place a beacon on ?is rock4 ,aft] ! disa/] ! au?orities press$ =w>d ! ent]prise ) great] vig\r ?an ev]1 s z to get "w well "u way be=e public op9ion w\ld be able to make its influ5ce felt ^u ! unsophi/icat$ m9ds ( workm5 requir$ to c>ry out ! und]tak+4 ,a d>+1 det]m9$1 & en]getic lead] 0 secur$ 9 ,mr4 ,a4 ,ballantyne1 & he 0 deput$ to rally a =ce ( eight or m highly skill$ qu>rym5 ) :om to proce$ to ,a/oria1 :]e ! l& headqu>t]s 7 to be e/abli%$4 ,he 0 in=m$ t ^u arrival at ?is po9t he w\ld f9d ev]y?+ 9 read9ess = 8 imm$iate dep>ture to ! rock1 ) all ess5tials to enable him to comm5ce "w at once & to provide qu>t]s = ! workm51 :o w\ld be compell$ to suff] isolation & a c]ta9 am\nt ( discom=t = weeks at a "t4 ,x 0 impossible to take m ?an a h&ful ( m5 at fir/1 ow+ to ! difficulty ( l&+ provisions4 ,mr4 ,ballantyne />t$ (f ) 8 small pick$ =ce1 rea*$ ,a/oria on ,septemb] #bd1 #ahgi1 & !re suff]$ 8 fir/ *eck4 ,! autumn gales _h sprung up1 r5d]+ approa* to ! rock absolutely hopeless4 ,!re 0 no alt]native2 he mu/ wait until ! wea!r mod]at$4 ,z ?is might be a "q ( a few h\rs1 days1 or p]haps a week or two1 ! *ief grew anxi\s conc]n+ 8 =ce4 ,if ! m51 hav+ no?+ to d1 w&]$ idly ab\t ! t[n1 mak+ acqua9tance ) all & sundry & li/5+ to gossip1 !n !y c\ld n fail to be impress$ ) ! extraord9>y /ories conc]n+ dang]s1 h>d%ips1 p]ils1 & adv5tures2 w\ld conclude t ! ,tillamook 0 a 8hoodoo0 rock2 & w\ld des]t him promptly4 ,to gu>d aga9/ ?is cont+5cy1 ! qu>rym5 7 hurri$ (f & tempor>ily h\s$ 9 ! old light-keep]'s dwell+ at ! ,cape ,disappo9tm5t light1 "s miles away on ! nor!rn portal ( ! e/u>y1 :]e !y 7 safe f p]nici\s influ5ces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tillamook ,,rock ,,light ,,/ation ,,f ,,! ,,s\?4 ,ris+ f ! sea "o mile (f ! ,oregon ,coa/1 x 0 = ye>s a t]rible dang] spot4 ,! light ( #afj1jjj c&le-p[]1 #acb feet above high wat]1 is visible = #ah miles4 ,aft] tw5ty-six days ( en=c$ idl5ess ! squad 0 pick$ up by a rev5ue cutt]1 :i* /eam$ to ! rock1 & made fa/ to a buoy t _h be5 laid previ\sly = moor+ ! vessels deput$ to transport build+ mat]ials & o!r requirem5ts4 ,) extreme difficulty f\r m5 7 got on ! rock1 toge!r ) a supply ( hamm]s1 drills1 iron r+-bolts1 a /ove1 provisions1 supplies1 & an abundance ( canvas1 ) :i* ! advance /aff 7 to erect tempor>y %elt]s & to make !mselves z com=table z !y c\ld4 ,:ile ! "w 0 9 progress ! w9d fre%5$1 ! swell rose1 & ! boat _h to retire hurri$ly be=e ! rema9d] ( ! =ce c\ld be l&$2 b five days lat] !y 7 transf]r$ to ! rock1 toge!r ) fur!r provisions & supplies1 z well z a d]rick4 ,! little p>ty soon receiv$ a ta/e ( :at life w\ld be 9 ?is lonely spot4 ,?ree days aft] ! second l&+1 & be=e !y _h %ak5 d[n to _! /range surr\nd+s1 a gale sprang up4 ,heavy seas p\nd$ ! rock1 & ! waves1 m\nt+ its v]tical face1 ?rew !mselves ov] its cre/1 dr5*+ ! workm5 & _! sleep+ blankets4 ,x 0 a />tl+ episode1 b x became s frequ5t t ! qu>rym5 became inur$ to _! fate1 & 7 n p]turb$ 9 any way1 except :5 ! ,pacific 0 r\s$ to exceptional fury4 ,:5 ! fir/ f\r m5 ga9$ ! rock x 0 se5 t ! l&+ ( mat]ial1 especially ! heavi] incid5tals1 w\ld con/itute ! greate/ difficulty4 ,!n an +5i\s idea 0 advanc$4 ,:y n rig a heavy rope betwe5 ! ma/ ( ! vessel & ! top ( ! rock1 draw x taut1 & devise a travell] to run to & fro8 ,x 0 a practical sugge/ion & 0 adopt$ =?)4 ,) mu* difficulty a #d-;in* rope 0 t[$ f ! vessel--to ! ma/ ( :i* "o end 0 secur$--to ! rock1 & grabb$ by ^? 9 occupation4 ,?is end 0 an*or$ firmly1 & con/itut$ ! track4 ,!n a l>ge s+le block 0 rigg$ to ?is ma9 l9e 9 su* a way t x c\ld move freely to & fro along ! cable4 ,?is block 0 provid$ ) a heavy hook on :i* ! weights c\ld be slung4 ,o!r blocks 7 fix$ on ! vessel & on ! rock1 :ile an endless l9e1 pass+ ?r\gh ^! blocks at ea* end1 & atta*$ to ! %ank ( ! hook on ! travell+ block1 enabl$ ! travell] to be pull$ freely & easily 9 ei!r direction4 ,bo? m5 & supplies 7 transf]r$ f %ip to %ore by ?is primitive1 albeit +5i\s1 sy/em4 ,! m5 7 c>ri$ 9 a novel device1 describ$ z a 8bree*es-buoy10 su* z is us$ ) ! rocket life-sav+ app>atus1 b ( v crude design improvis$ on ! spot4 ,x 0 contriv$ f an ord9>y circul> rubb] life-pres]v]1 to :i* a pair ( tr\s]s cut %ort at ! knees 7 la%$ tightly4 ,?is 0 susp5d$ f ! block-hook by means ( ?ree %ort l5g?s ( rope4 ,! trip ?r\gh ! air c]ta9ly 0 novel1 & n free f excitem5t2 inde$1 !re 0 j suffici5t spice ( adv5ture ab\t x to appeal to ! r\gh-&-ready1 intrepid spirits :o con/itut$ ! =ces ( ! ligh?\se eng9e]4 ,also1 ow+ to ! primitive "* ( ! app>atus1 !re 0 j ! *ance t some?+ w\ld g wrong :5 ! man 0 betwe5 %ip & rock4 ,! bree*es 7 provid$ to hold ! man 9 a safe position :ile 9 ! air1 to gu>d aga9/ a loss ( balance & tipp+ out2 :ile %\ld any?+ give way1 & ! man make an unexpect$ plunge into ! wat]1 ! life-pres]v] w\ld keep him afloat until a boat c\ld draw alongside to rescue him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,tillamook4 ,! top ( ! crag 0 bla/$ (f to provide a level space = ! ligh?\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,t]rible ,,tillamook ,,rock4 ,%[+ h[ ! m5ace rises abruptly f ! sea on "o side4 ,!re 0 ano!r factor :i* _h to be tak5 into consid]ation1 & :i* c]ta9ly contribut$ to ! novelty ( ! trip4 ,z ! boat respond$ to ! action ( ! waves ! rope alt]nately drew tight & sagg$4 ,:5 %e roll$ t[>ds ! rock ! cable 0 slack5$1 & ! man g5]ally _h a duck+2 ! next mom5t1 :5 ! vessel roll$ 9 ! opposite direction1 he 0 :isk$ unc]emoni\sly & sudd5ly into ! air4 ,x 0 l be+ susp5d$ at ! end ( a piece ( ela/ic4 ,! m5 = ! mo/ "p enjoy$ ! fun ( ! j\rney1 & consid]$ x a new & exhil>at+ 8div>%un40 ,among !mselves ! ef=t 0 to travel 9 ei!r direction s z to escape a cold d\*e on ! j\rney4 ,:5 ! wat] 0 r\gh1 speculation took ! =m ( guess+ h[ _m dips into ! wat] w\ld be made be=e ei!r t]m9us 0 ga9$4 ,?is novel l&+ me?od provok$ "o amus+ incid5t4 ,! supply-boat came out to ! rock "o day br++ a new raw h&4 ,! cableway 0 rigg$ up1 & ! workman prep>$ = 8 ride to ! rock4 ,b ! man 0 some:at corpul5t1 & c\ld n be ?ru/ ?r\gh ! pres]v]4 ,?is 0 an unexpect$ contretemps1 & x seem$ z if ! sup]9t5d5t w\ld h to let 8 recruit return4 ,b ,ballantyne did n worry ov] trifles1 nei!r did he reli% ! idea ( los+ a h& aft] hav+ him br\ght s f>1 s he put =w>d a some:at d>+ proposal4 ,he told ! capta9 ( ! /eam] to la% ! workman to ! top ( ! buoy1 & !y w\ld pull him a%ore all "r4 ,! lab\r] 0 sc>$ out ( 8 wits at ?is sugge/ion1 & res5t$ be+ h&l$ z if he 7 a balk ( timb]4 ,:y1 ev5 ! p]i%able articles 7 unload$ 9 casks to protect !m f ! wet4 ,he express$ 8 det]m9ation to see !m to p]dition be=e he w\ld make a trip ?r\gh ! air "u su* conditions4 ,ballantyne 0 some:at cre/fall5 at ! cold reception ( 8 brilliant idea1 s told ! capta9 to take ! workman back to ,a/oria1 & to ransack ! place to discov] a buoy :i* w\ld be big en\gh to fit him4 ,two days lat] ! vessel return$ ) ! l>g] buoy & also ! corpul5t qu>ryman4 ,8 second glimpse ( ! primitive travell+ fright5$ him worse ?an ev]1 & he po9t blank refus$ to budge4 ,9 ord] to reassure ! raw h&1 ,ballantyne haul$ ! buoy a%ore1 &1 jump+ into x1 made a j\rney1 to illu/rate t ! sy/em 0 p]fectly safe1 & t "o ne$ n ev5 get wet4 ,b ,ballantyne's demon/ration 0 r un=tunate4 ,! cable 0 slack1 & ! %ip roll$ heavily4 ,result3 ! sup]9t5d5t 0 dragg$ ?r\gh ! wat] = ne>ly ! :ole di/ance1 & at times no?+ ( him c\ld be se54 ,:5 he l&$ on ! boat1 half-w9d$ & dr5*$ to ! sk91 ! qu>ryman 0 sc>$ m ?an ev]1 & ann\nc$ 8 int5tion to return to ,a/oria4 ,ballantyne cajol$1 coax$1 argu$1 & /orm$1 9 turn1 b to no avail4 ,!n ano!r idea came to 8 f]tile m9d4 ,if ! man w\ld n travel via ! bree*es-buoy1 :y n s5d him a%ore 9 a bos'n's *air8 ,?is 0 rigg$ up satisfactorily1 & !re9 ! workman cons5t$ to g a%ore1 ?\gh n )\t ! display ( consid]able trepidation & anxiety to keep out ( ! wat]4 ,!y got him on ! rock safely1 & )\t s mu* z wett+ ! soles ( 8 feet4 ,! qu>ryman by 8 resolute opposition set up a record4 ,he 0 ! fir/ man to l& dry on ! ,tillamook4 ,subsequ5tly ?is novel &1 s f> z x w5t1 effici5t me?od ( 8quick transit0 0 sup]s$$ :5 ! m5 on ! rock got _! big d]rick to "w4 ,! long arm ( ?is appliance lean$ ov] ! wat] f> en\gh to pick up ! goods direct f ! deck ( ! vessel moor$ (f ! rock4 ,?is sy/em 0 quick]1 & enabl$ ! goods to be got a%ore unsoil$4 ,! fir/ m5 to l& f\nd ! rock 9 ! occupation ( sea-lions1 :o sw>m$ its scaly sides 9 huge numb]s1 ev5 mak+ _! way to ! cre/ to bask 9 ! sun%9e4 ,^! t5ants at fir/ res5t$ ! :ite man's invasion1 & 7 some:at tr\blesome2 b at la/ !y recogniz$ t _! eviction 0 c]ta91 s sudd5ly des]t$ 9 a body to ano!r equally wild spot f>!r s\?4 ,! fir/ task 0 ! prep>ation ( ! site = ! build+4 ,! fi/-l ov]hang+ cre/ 0 attack$ to prep>e a f\ndation1 !reby r$uc+ ! height f #abj to #ia feet4 ,! rock surface 0 sc>r$ & riv5 9 a fanta/ic mann]1 ow+ to ! sc\r+ action ( ! waves erod+ ! s(t portions leav+ ! h>d rock beh9d 9 ! =m ( ne$les1 scales1 & ugly crevices4 ,! out] "p ( ! rock1 moreov]1 0 f\nd to be ( an unreliable "*1 be+ m or less rott51 :ile ! core1 on ! o!r h&1 0 int5sely h>d1 & promis$ an excell5t f\ndation = ! beacon4 ,! sup]flu\s mass 0 remov$ by bla/+1 ?is be+ c>ri$ out ) extreme c>e & 9 small sections at a "t4 ,! l>ge/ bla/s did n remove m ?an #acj cubic y>ds1 or tons1 ( dbris at "o "t4 ,?is sl[ bla/+1 by h&fuls z x 71 0 necess>y s z n to %att] or impair ! solidity ( ! he>t ( ! rock1 :i* 0 to support ! build+s4 ,drill+ & bla/+ 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! face ( great difficulties4 ,ra91 r\gh seas1 spray1 & heavy w9ds1 comb9$ to ?w>t ! little b& ( work]s toil+ /r5u\sly 9 solemn lonel9ess ^u ?is bleak crag4 ,(t5 days w\ld pass )\t any tangible impression be+ made ^u ! surface4 ,! drill+ holes w\ld be swamp$1 & unless c>e 0 obs]v$ ! p[d] *>ges ran ! risk ( be+ damp$ & r5d]$ impot5t or unc]ta9 9 fir+4 ,9 ! attack ^u ! cre/ ! workm5 di/ribut$ !mselves ar\nd ! cr[n4 ,on ! precipit\s side1 z !re 0 n a fri5dly l$ge on :i* to secure a foo?old to "w ! drills1 bolts 7 driv5 into ! rock-face1 f :i* /ag+ 0 susp5d$ by ropes1 & on ?is sw++1 crazy foo?old ! m5 drove _! tools ) salt fleece :irl+ r\nd !m4 ,until ! m5 7 able to erect m or less p]man5t qu>t]s1 _! plight at times 0 pitiable4 ,! canvas 0 cut up & an ,a-t5t 0 rigg$ up4 ,x 0 a cramp$ home1 measur+ #af feet long by #f feet wide1 :ile ! ridge pole 0 only #d feet above ! gr\nd4 ,?is domicile j held ! t5 m5 9 _! sleep+-blankets4 ,naturally1 !y _h to crawl r ?an walk ab\t1 &1 z ! %elt] s]v$ z a d9+-room z well1 ! little b& _h to tol]ate _m discom=ts4 ,:5 ! w9d h[l$ r\nd ! rock1 caus+ ! canvas to flap viol5tly & ?reat5+ to c>ry x away at e turn1 :5 ! sea sw>m$ ov] ! rock1 & :5 ! heavy ra9s to :i* ?is coa/ is subject p\r$ d[n pitilessly1 ! m5 nev] knew :at x 0 to h dry clo?+ or b$d+4 ,cook+ 0 c>ri$ on 9 ! op51 & ! kit*5 arrangem5ts _h to be %ift$ f "t to "t1 accord+ to ! direction ( ! w9d1 s t ! fire 0 br\ght on ! lee side ( ! %elt]4 ,! work]s 7 expos$ to dang] on all sides incessantly1 b =tunately 9 _! *ief1 ,ballantyne1 !y _h "o ( ^? m5 :o appe> to be made = su* cont+5cies2 :o 0 al]t1 ready = any em]g5cy1 nurs$ 8 /aff s$ul\sly1 & ^: buoyant spirits dispell$ all feel+s ( gloom1 lonel9ess1 or homesickness4 ,! little b& toil$ h>d & long ?r\gh ! r\gh autumnal wea!r1 & ! arrival ( /]n w9t] did n br+ any cessation 9 _! lab\rs4 ,!y f\ght ! rock grimly & ignor$ h>d%ip4 ,c]ta9ly1 !y 7 *e]$ by ! arrival ( ! boats ) supplies1 b occasionally a =tnight or m w\ld pass )\t a call be+ made at ! rock1 & (t51 :5 a boat did come up & prep>e to l& mat]ial1 x _h to slip its an*or ha/ily to make a frantic run = safety be=e ! ris+ swell & ! ga!r+ /orm4 ,e>ly 9 ,janu>y ,nature conc5trat$ h] =ces1 z if b5t ^u a supreme ef=t to %ake ! det]m9ation & c\rage ( ! little army /riv+ s valiantly ^u ! rock4 ,on ! night ( ,new ,ye>'s ,day ! cl\ds assum$ an om9\s appe>ance1 & accord+ly ! workm5 7 n surpris$ to meet a /ormy & ra9y reception :5 !y made _! way to _! duties ! foll[+ morn+4 ,! wea!r grew worse on ! ?ird day1 ! spray envelop+ ! rock & dr5*+ ! m51 :ile ! w9d blew s fi]cely t !y c\ld sc>cely keep _! feet4 ,dur+ ! next two days x increas$ 9 =ce1 :ile ! sea grew angri]4 ,on ! #f? ! elem5ts 7 rag+ 9 torm5t1 & 9 ! aft]noon ,ballantyne1 tak+ /ock ( ! meteorological signs1 came to ! conclusion t ! p>ty 87 9 = x40 ,a hurricane1 or possibly a tornado1 0 loom+4 ,! tools 7 be+ swung ) inf9ite difficulty1 :5 sudd5ly came ! signal 8,/op "w60 ,ballantyne urg$ !m to set to at once to la% ev]y?+ securely4 ,at six o'clock 9 ! ev5+ ! hurricane bur/1 & ! workm5 witness$ a sight su* z !y _h nev] se5 be=e4 ,! :ole coa/ 0 9 ! grip ( a tornado1 ( :i* ! ,tillamook ,rock 0 ! vortex1 :]eon ! elem5ts conc5trat$ _! de/ructive =ces4 ,! huge roll]s assum$ an ugli] appe>ance ?an ev]2 ! brok5 wat] ru%$ up ! /eep sides into ! air1 :]e x 0 caught by ! :irl+ w9d & da%$ on ! t9y camp4 ,x 0 impossible to escape t savage attack1 z x 0 driv5 home f all sides simultane\sly4 ,! m5 took to _! p]man5t qu>t]s 9 sil5ce & v gloomy4 ,by midnight ! ro( 0 be+ pepp]$ ) huge masses ( rock1 :i*1 deta*$ by ! waves1 7 caught up & ?r[n clean ov] ! rock4 ,ballantyne urg$ ! m5 to /ay 9 _! bunks1 to keep up _! spirits1 & to seek a little re/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fam\s ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,ligh?\ses ,,( ,,two ,,c5turies4 ,! re> t[] 0 built on ,cape ,h5ry 9 #aghi1 ) /ones %ipp$ f ,great ,brita94 ,ow+ to ! s& ?r[n up by ! sea1 ano!r light _h to be provid$ ne>] ! wat]1 & 0 complet$ 9 #ahgi4 ,! old light is reta9$ z an hi/oric build+4 ,b sleep 0 impossible4 ,! qu>rym5 7 sc>$ out ( _! wits1 & !re 0 e cause = _! dismay4 ,x seem$ z if ! v rock itself mu/ succumb to ! savage onslaught4 ,! d9 0 deaf5+2 ! rock %iv]$ & trembl$ z ! break]s hurl$ !mselves ^u x4 ,x _h j turn$ two4 ,sudd5ly "o & all sat up 9 t]ror4 ,!re 0 a fe>ful cra%--a r5d+ & splitt+1 :i* 0 he>d pla9ly above ! weird h[l+ ( ! hurricane4 ,! m5 tumbl$ out ( _! bunks panic-/rick51 & 7 ab\t to /amp$e f _! %elt] to seek refuge ^u a high] l$ge4 ,b ,ballantyne's pluck ass]t$ itself4 ,he1 too1 _h be5 sc>$ by ! awful noise1 b he collect$ 8 scatt]$ wits m quickly ?an did 8 comrades4 ,he grasp$ ! situation1 & ) iron n]ve comm&$ all ! m5 to /ick tightly :]e !y 74 ,an ugly ru% seem$ imm95t1 b he /ood ) 8 back to ! door1 & 9 pla9 ,engli% d>$ ! m5 to leave _! cov]4 ,any man :o attempt$ to fight 8 way to ! upp] refuge w\ld be swept ov]bo>d by ! w9d & sea4 ,! qu>rym5 7 n c[>ds1 & ,ballantyne's action /eadi$ !m4 ,!n ! =eman ann\nc$ 8 int5tion to g out to see :at _h happ5$4 ,he grabb$ a /orm-lant]n & op5$ ! door4 ,in/antly he 0 hurl$ back by ! w9d & sea1 :i* appe>$ to be subm]g+ ! rock4 ,= two h\rs he /ood wait+ an opportunity to slip out aga9/ ! hurricane4 ,at la/ he succe$$1 & 9 ! int5se d>kness endeav\r$ to grope 8 way ov] ! rock4 ,he _h be5 gone only a few m9utes :5 he /agg]$ back1 batt]$1 %ak51 & almo/ exhau/$4 ,he c\ld n make headway aga9/ ! gale4 ,s ! m5 sat d[n & sil5tly wait$ ! approa* ( dawn4 ,!n !y f\nd t ! ru%+ waves _h fall5 ^u ! build+ 9 :i* all _! supplies 7 /or$1 _h sma%$ x to atoms1 & _h de/roy$ & c>ri$ away ne>ly all ! provisions1 ! fre%-wat] tank1 & o!r articles1 al?\gh ! requisites = "w 7 left unt\*$4 ,x 0 ! break-up ( ?is /oreh\se :i* _h woke !m f _! slumb]s & _h provok$ ! panic4 ,= t5 days ! gale rag$1 be+ m furi\s on "s days ?an o!rs4 ,:5 x decreas$ 9 fury ! m5 7 able to settle to _! "w = an h\r or two1 b progress 0 pa9fully sl[2 on o!r days n a tool c\ld be pick$ up4 ,on ! #ah? ! rev5ue cutt] came out f ,a/oria to asc]ta9 h[ ! m5 _h wea!r$ ! tornado1 & ! signal = coal & provisions 0 answ]$ imm$iately by ! l[]+ ( a surf-boat4 ,! sailors _h a /iff pull to rea* ! rock1 f\nd t ! m5 /ill _h a scanty supply ( h>d bread1 c(fee1 & bacon--?is 0 all--&1 tak+ (f ! lett]s1 promis$ to s5d supplies imm$iately4 ,! con/ruction %ip also came up2 ! capta9 s5t a%ore all ! provisions he c\ld sp>e1 & und]took to return at once ) a full supply4 ,b ano!r t5 days pass$ be=e ! sea w5t d[n en\gh to p]mit ^! to be l&$1 toge!r ) five m m54 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,race ,,rock ,,light4 ,x m>ks a dang]\s reef 9 ,long ,isl& ,s\nd1 :]e1 ow+ to ! swift curr5ts1 con/ruction ( ! f\ndations prov$ v difficult4 ,nature appe>$ to capitulate aft] ?is t]rible assault1 & "w proce$$ rapidly4 ,! cre/ ( ! rock 0 remov$ & levell$ (f1 to =m an excell5t plat=m = ! reception ( ! beacon & o!r build+s4 ,an incl9$ tramway 0 excavat$ out ( ! rock-face1 communicat+ ) ! l&+-/age1 to facilitate ! haulage ( ! light-keep]s' necessities1 & !n ! arrangem5ts = ! completion ( ! build+ 7 hurri$ =w>d4 ,:5 ! public saw t ! "w 0 be+ accompli%$ )\t loss to life or limb1 & t ! plucky little p>ty ( toil]s wea!r$ ! gales1 an int5se int]e/ 0 manife/$ 9 ! und]tak+4 ,! =eman 0 provid$ ) an int]national code ( signals1 & pass+ vessels1 z an act ( c\rtesy & 9 recognition ( ! "w t 0 be+ done to fur!r _! safety1 always /ood t[>ds ! rock to r5d] assi/ance 9 case x 0 requir$4 ,! workm5 appreciat$ ?is feel+1 & on two occasions1 dur+ d5se fog1 intimat$ to capta9s :o _h lo/ _! way1 & 7 grop+ bl9dly r\nd ! rock1 t !y 7 v5tur+ into dang]\s wat]s4 ,! w>n+ 0 primitive b effective4 ,x compris$ ! explosion ( giant-p[d] c>tridges ov] ! sea 9 ! direction :5ce ! %ips' sir5s s\nd$4 ,9 bo? in/ances ! navigators he>d ! signals 9 ! nick ( "t1 & 7 able to /e] cle>4 ,! ligh?\se itself comprises a gr\p ( build+s = ! keep]s1 f :i* rises a squ>e t[] #dh feet 9 height1 br++ ! light #acb feet above mean high-wat]4 ,! dwell+ is built ( /one1 measures #dh feet by #de feet1 & is "o /ory 9 height4 ,9 addition !re is an ext5sion = h\s+ ! p[]ful sir5 & its ma*9]y4 ,! build+ conta9s adequate liv+-qu>t]s1 toge!r ) /orage rooms & a kit*54 ,z ?is light is p>ticul>ly lonely1 f\r keep]s are /ation$ on ! rock1 & _! rooms ea* h a cle> l5g? ( #ab feet by #aj feet wide4 ,also1 z ! rock is s difficult to approa*1 & relief may suff] extreme delay f adv]se wea!r1 suffici5t provisions are /or$ to insure full rations = six mon?s4 ,! light is ( ! fir/ ord]1 ( #afj1jjj c&le-p[]1 & is visible at a di/ance ( eighte5 miles 9 cle> wea!r4 ,x is a brilliant :ite fla%+ beam1 occurr+ once e five seconds1 ! fla% be+ ( two seconds1 foll[$ by an eclipse ( ?ree seconds4 ,! fog-sir5 is likewise ( ! fir/ ord]1 driv5 by /eam-eng9es4 ,?is plant is 9 duplicate1 & ! signal is giv5 e =ty-five seconds1 ! bla/ be+ ( five seconds1 foll[$ by sil5ce = =ty seconds4 ,! conque/ ( ! ,tillamook ,rock has be5 "o ( ! mo/ difficult tasks t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ligh?\se ,bo>d ev] has accompli%$4 ,! little b& ( qu>rym5 :o brav$ dang]1 h>d%ip1 & privation1 effect$ occupation ( ! rock on ,octob] #ba1 #ahgi1 & ! light 0 exhibit$ = ! fir/ "t on ,janu>y #ba1 #ahha1 ! total "t occupi$ 9 ! task be+ #ege days4 ,x has robb$ ! dread$ ,oregon coa/ ( "o ( its wor/ p]ils1 & ! money :i* 0 devot$ to ! provision ( ?is /alw>t gu>dian--#bd1fih1 or #abc1dic--0 inde$ exp5d$ to good purpose4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,coa/ ,,lights ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,few nations h su* a v>i$ coa/l9e to gu>d z ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on ! ,atlantic seabo>d ! nor!rn %ore is a %aggy bold ramp>t ( l(ty cliff1 h>d & pitiless4 ,f>!r s\? ! rock gradually gives way to s&y dunes1 :i* ! hungry sea is cont9ually gnaw+ away "h & pil+ up some:]e else4 ,!n1 z ! tropics are ent]$1 ! s& 9 turn gives way to coral reefs1 e :it z =midable z rock & z trea*]\s z s&1 :]e ! hurricane reigns supreme & makes its pres5ce felt only too frequ5tly4 ,across ! cont95t a simil> v>iation1 ?\gh n p]haps s int5se1 is obs]vable on ! ,pacific side4 ,! coa/ range runs p>allel ) ! %ore1 & consequ5tly cliff & precipice are common1 ow+ to ! lat]al spurs ( ! range com+ to an abrupt t]m9ation :]e l& & wat] meet4 ,! result is t no "o type ( beacon is possible ( adoption z a /&>d = ! :ole coa/l9e4 ,! class ( /ructure has to be modifi$ to meet local conditions1 b ! battle betwe5 de/ruction & pres]vation is none ! less bitt] & cont9u\s4 ,:5 %ips began to trade ) ! ,atlantic seabo>d ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! erection ( w>n+ lights became imp]ative4 ,?is duty 0 fulfill$ 9 ! e>ly days by local ent]prise1 & ! fir/ ligh?\se on ! cont95t 0 built on ,little ,brew/] ,isl&1 at ! entrance to ,bo/on ,h>b\r4 ,x 0 complet$ ab\t #agaf1 0 a conical masonry t[]1 & its co/1 :i* is int]e/+ z be+ set out to ! utt]mo/ f>?+--#b1bhe #ags4 #h;d4--betrays ! scrupul\s comm]cial integrity ( ! fir/ f9anci]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! light 0 ma9ta9$ by ! levy ( a due ( "o p5ny p] ton on all incom+ & outgo+ vessels1 except ^? engag$ 9 coa/al traffic1 & 0 collect$ by ! same au?ority :i* subsequ5tly got into tr\ble 9 ! endeav\r to collect ! tax on tea4 ,?is pione] light is /ill 9 s]vice1 al?\gh 9 #aghc x 0 rebuilt4 ,! light1 ( ! second ord]1 is #ajb feet above mean high-wat]1 & gives a :ite fla% e ?irty seconds1 :i* is visible f a di/ance ( sixte5 miles2 ! fog-signal is a fir/-class sir51 giv+ a bla/ ( five seconds1 foll[$ by sil5ce = t5 seconds1 ) a succe$+ bla/ ( five seconds & sil5ce = =ty seconds4 ,! excell5t example ?us set by ! good p ( ,bo/on 0 foll[$ by o!r ,/ates & individual au?orities along ! coa/4 ,?is sy/em ( local & arbitr>y control 0 by no means satisfactory1 s 9 #aghi ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t took ov] ! control ( ! ligh?\se s]vice1 & entru/$ its safe-keep+ to ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury4 ,!re 7 only eight lights to wat* :5 ! cession 0 effect$1 b ! gr[? ( ! c\ntry soon increas$ ! duties ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,accord+ly1 a decree 0 pass$ 9 #ahag :]eby ! control 0 transf]r$ f ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury to ! fif? auditor ( ! same dep>tm5t1 ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,pleasanton1 :o became kn[n z ! ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,lights4 ,he assum$ ! new (fice 9 #ahbj1 tak+ ov] fifty-five lights1 s t dur+ ! ?irty ye>s ! aids to navigation _h be5 "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury =ty-sev5 new /ations _h be5 e/abli%$4 ,! new (ficial held ! po/ = ?irty-two ye>s1 & prosecut$ 8 "w s dilig5tly & sy/ematically t by #aheb ! s]vice _h gr[n to #cbe ligh?\ses1 light%ips1 buoys1 & o!r guides4 ,! ligh?\ses 7 ma9ta9$ "u contract1 ! contractor = ea* light und]tak+ = a fix$ annual sum to keep 8 *>ge 9 a p]fect /ate ( repair1 to supply all illum9ant1 wicks1 *imneys1 & /ores1 t 7 requir$1 z well z mak+ "o visit to ! ligh?\se 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>4 ,subsequ5tly x became necess>y to aw>d ! contracts = t]ms ( five ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c>qu9ez ,,/rait ,,light4 ,an impos+ /ation on ! nor? side ( ! entrance to ! ,/rait4 ,z "t progress$1 & ! duties ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t became m on]\s1 c]ta9 individuals took exception to ! idea ( su* an important s]vice be+ entru/$ to ! *>ge ( "o man1 ve/$ ) wide discretion>y p[]s4 ,accord+ly1 compla9ts 7 =mulat$ lib]ally1 & ! sup]9t5d5t became ! butt ( v5om\s attack4 ,! outcome ( ?is agitation 0 ! =mation ( a committee1 two memb]s ( :i* 7 s5t ^u a mission ( inspection to ,great ,brita9 & ,france1 ! ligh?\se s]vices ( :i* 7 /at$ to be f> sup]ior to t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & m effici5tly controll$4 ,! result ( ?is inve/igation 0 ! inauguration ( an (ficial dep>tm5t kn[n z ! ,ligh?\se ,bo>d1 con/itut$ ( capable eng9e]s4 ,9 #aheb ?is au?ority took ov] ! adm9i/ration ( ! light s]vice1 :i* has rema9$ "u its control ev] s9ce4 ,9 ord] to secure ! utmo/ effici5cy1 ! coa/s 7 divid$ into di/ricts1 ea* ( :i* is presid$ ov] by an accompli%$ (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 :o is held directly responsible to ! ,bo>d at ,wa%+ton = ! lights 9 8 area4 ,s admirably 0 ! new au?ority con/itut$ t x has nev] fail$ to give ! utmo/ satisfaction1 & ! result is t to-day ! ,ligh?\se ,bo>d ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is comp>able ) contempor>y au?orities 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,9 ! e>ly days ! majority ( ! lights 7 plac$ on ! ma9l&1 & z a rule compris$ wood5 t[]s1 project+ f ! ro( ( ! keep]s' dwell+1 simil> 9 "* to "s ( ! old] lights to be f\nd on ! coa/s ( ,newf\ndl& & ,new ,brunswick 9 ,canada4 ,^! build+s 7 *eap to con/ruct1 z !y 7 c>ri$ out ^u ! timb]-frame pr9ciple2 b !y possess$ _m disadvantages4 ,! greate/ objection arose f ! atta*m5t ( ! t[] to ! ro( frames ( ! h\se4 ,be+ expos$ to ! full fury ( ! tempe/1 ! t[] 9 "t w\ld become loos5$1 & ! ro( itself di/ort$1 s t ! inmates _h to suff] ! inconv5i5ce ( wat] p5etrat+ into _! rooms4 ,ev5 ! few masonry t[]s :i* 7 erect$ 7 ( ! mo/ primitive description1 & soon fell victims to ! ravages ( ! wea!r4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ! ligh?\se adm9i/ration 0 plac$ ^u an effici5t foot+1 ! fir/ task 0 ! complete ov]haul1 & recon/ruction :]e necess>y1 ( _m ( ! exi/+ lights4 ,( ! eight beacons :i* 7 tak5 ov] by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t 9 #aghi1 six h be5 rebuilt4 ,! only two exceptions are ! ,s&y ,hook light--a /one t[] #hh feet high--& ,cape ,h5lop51 at ! entrance to ,delaw>e ,bay1 bo? ( :i* 7 built 9 #agfd4 ,naturally1 _! illum9at+ app>atus has be5 remodell$ f "t to "t1 9 accordance ) ! advances 9 ?is field ( ligh?\se eng9e]+1 b t is ! only *ange :i* has be5 effect$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,*ur* ,,z ,a ,,ligh?\se4 ,a fix$ :ite light1 ?r[n f ! t[] ( ,/4 ,philip's ,*ur*1 & visible = #ah miles1 =ms ! re> light ( ! ma9 *annel range 9 ,*>le/on ,h>b\r1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,"o ligh?\se on ! ,atlantic coa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates possesses a pa!tic & romantic int]e/4 ,x indicates ! trea*]\s %ores ar\nd ,cape ,h5ry1 & m\nts s5t9el on ! headl& at ! s\!rly side ( ! entrance to ,*esapeake ,bay1 ,virg9ia4 ,! /rang] on ! pass+ %ip1 z he scans ! dre>y b5* ( s& ris+ f ! wat]'s edge at ?is po9t1 has 8 att5tion arre/$ by two gaunt t[]s4 ,! =emo/ is almo/ lapp$ by ! wat]2 ! o!r is "s di/ance to ! re>1 & ^u a high] level4 8,two lights1 & = :at80 is a natural exclamation4 ,b only "o t[]--t ne>] ! waves--?r[s its gl>e by night4 ,its companion beh9d has pass$ its cycle ( utility long s9ce1 b x has n be5 demoli%$ because ( its unique hi/ory4 ,x 0 built 9 #aghi ) bricks & /ones br\ght f ,engl&4 ,9 %ape x is a tap]+ octagonal cone1 & :5 fir/ erect$ ! waves almo/ wa%$ its base4 ,b ! sea1 :i* eats away ! rock & s(t soil at "s p>ts1 ca/s ?is dbris a%ore "h1 s t ,cape ,h5ry is sl[ly b surely ?ru/+ its dismal tongue ( s& f>!r & f>!r into ! ,atlantic4 ,! old t[] fulfill$ fai?ful s]vice until ! sev5ties1 :51 be+ consid]$ too f> f ! wat]1 x 0 sup]s$$ by ! %aft ris+ f ! s&-dunes bel[4 ,aft] a c5tury's s]vice ! old light 0 ext+ui%$1 to p]mit ! fix$ :ite light ( ! fir/ ord] 9 ! new t[] to take its place4 ,! new build+1 complet$ 9 #ahha1 is likewise octagonal 9 section1 gradually tap]+ f ! base to ! lant]n gall]y4 ,x is built ^u :at is describ$ z ! 8d\ble-%ell pr9ciple10 !re be+ two iron cyl9d]s1 "o )9 ! o!r4 ,x is #aeb feet 9 height1 & ! p[]ful :ite beam has a range ( tw5ty miles1 :ile a r$ beam is ca/ f "o side to m>k a dang]\s %oal4 ,z a p[]ful fla%+ :ite light ( a simil> "* is %$ f a t[] on ,cape ,*>les opposite1 ! m>9] has a well-illum9$ entrance into ,*esapeake ,bay4 ,ice 0 "o ( ! great difficulties aga9/ :i* ! ,am]ican ligh?\se build]s _h to cont5d1 & !y lab\r$ valiantly to mitigate ?is evil4 ,x caus$ m damage to _! works ?an w9d & wave ( ! mo/ t]rify+ viol5ce4 ,! upp] rea*es ( ! great riv]s are encas$ ) ?ick ice ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,:5 ! spr+ comes r\nd1 ?is brittle arm\r is brok5 up1 &1 caught by ! curr5t1 is swept t[>d ! ocean1 ! floes jo/l+ & cra%+ among "o ano!r4 ,:5 ! slighte/ ob/ruction is (f]$ to _! free movem5t1 ! pieces m\nt "o ano!r1 =m+ l>ge hummocks1 & ! pressure ?us impos$ is t]rific4 ,! 8ice-%ove10 :5 x assumes l>ge proportions1 is q capable ( wreak+ widespread damage4 ,:5 ! screw-pile ligh?\ses came into vogue1 ?is dang] 0 advanc$ z "o ( ! greate/ objections to ! adoption ( ?is idea4 ,x 0 po9t$ out t ! ice w\ld pack ar\nd ! sl5d] legs1 & ei!r snap !m1 or w\ld br+ ab\t su* sev]e di/ortion z to imp]il ! safety ( ! sup]/ructure4 ,:5 ,major ,h>tman ,ba*e und]took ! erection ( ! ,br&yw9e ,%oal light 9 ,delaw>e ,bay1 he det]m9$ to fru/rate ! effects ( ?is p]il4 ,! light1 be+ eight miles f ! ocean1 0 "r 9 ! pa? ( ! ice-%oves ( ! ,potomac1 s ! n9e iron legs ^u :i* ! beacon is support$--eight 9 a circle & "o c5tral--are protect$ by :at is kn[n z an 8ice-break]40 ,?is is a pi] ( ?irty iron piles1 :i* likewise are screw$ into ! sea-b$4 ,ea* pile is #bc feet long by #e in*es 9 diamet]1 & !y are connect$ at _! heads1 & at a po9t j above l[-wat]1 by :at are kn[n z 8spid]-web braces40 ,! result is t1 :5 a %ock is inflict$ ^u "o pile1 x is communicat$ ?r\gh\t ! entire break]4 ,?is sy/em has prov$ entirely successful1 & has protect$ ! ligh?\se )9 completely4 ,! ma9 build+1 al?\gh subject$ to heavy attacks by ! pil$ ice1 has nev] be5 damag$ !reby1 al?\gh subsequ5tly x became necess>y to /r5g!n ! ice-break]1 because ! onslaughts ( sev]al w9t]s _h left _! m>k4 ,(f ! coa/ ( ,florida1 & 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 ?is type ( ligh?\se is v /rongly 9 evid5ce1 z x 0 f\nd to be ! mo/ suitable = ! coral sea-b$4 ,! mo/ notable /ructure ( ?is class is ! ,f[ey ,rocks light1 :i* rises1 a flame-cr[n$ skeleton1 f ! extreme nor!rn po9t ( ! ,florida reefs4 ,x is 9 an expos$ position1 :]e inclem5t wea!r is (t5 exp]i5c$4 ,at ?is po9t !re is n m ?an #c feet ( wat]1 & ! spot is z bad z a m>9] c\ld wi% to avoid1 = no %ip c\ld hope to escape de/ruction once x became entangl$ 9 ^! subm]g$ toils4 ,! build+ ( ?is light pres5t$ _m p]plex+ difficulties1 ! greate/ ( :i* 0 (f]$ by ! wea!r4 ,! /ructure is an octagonal pyramid1 ) ! keep]s' qu>t]s on a l[] deck1 communication ) ! lant]n be+ af=d$ by a w9d+ /aircase encircl+ a v]tical cyl9d]4 ,! light is #aaj feet above high-wat]1 ( ! fix$ type1 ) r$ sectors gu>d+ dang]\s %oals 9 ! vic9ity1 :ile ! :ite beams c be pick$ up "s elev5 miles away4 ,! integral p>ts ( ?is build+ 7 prep>$ by ?ree diff]5t contractors1 7 fitt$ toge!r1 & ! build+ set up tempor>ily1 on ! ma9l&1 s z to facilitate erection at ! site4 ,! "w 0 />t$ 9 #ahgf1 ! fir/ move be+ ! provision ( a plat=m ab\t #hj feet squ>e & #ab feet above l[-wat]1 f :i* to conduct op]ations4 ,! l[] piles 7 driv5 ab\t #aj feet into ! live coral reef4 ,extreme c>e 0 obs]v$ dur+ ?is op]ation1 ! pile aft] e /roke ( ! driv] be+ te/$ ) a plumb-l9e1 to make sure t x 0 be+ s5t home absolutely v]tically4 ,if x div]g$1 h[ev] slightly1 f ! p]p5dicul>1 ! error 0 correct$ imm$iately4 ,:5 ! piles _h be5 driv5 to ! requisite dep?1 ! tops 7 levell$ to ! height ( ! mo/ deeply driv5 pile2 !n ! horizontal memb]s 7 plac$ 9 position1 foll[$ by ! diagonal brac+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bonita ,,po9t ,,ligh?\se ,,(f ,,! ,,cali=nian ,,coa/4 ,:ile ! t[] is only #ba feet 9 height1 its position on a l(ty cliff gives ! light ( #bg1jjj c&le-p[] a range ( #ag miles4 ,?is task occupi$ "s two mon?s1 & !n a spell ( bad wea!r broke ov] ! coa/1 int]sp]s$ ) brief int]vals ( smoo? seas & calms4 ,z ! l& depot 0 f\r miles away1 ?is involv$ frequ5t j\rneys to & fro = ! workm51 :o _h to be br\ght (f ! "w ^u ! slighte/ sign ( r\gh wea!r4 ,to elim9ate ! int]ruptions aris+ f ?is proc$ure1 t5ts 7 despat*$ to ! site & pit*$ on ! wood5 plat=m1 s t ! m5 might reside !re4 ,at times _! situation 0 al>m+2 ! heavy seas ru%$ & tumbl$ among ! piles b5ea? ! crazy p]*1 & ! m5 7 always on t5t]hooks le/ a hurricane1 su* z is exp]i5c$ (t5 9 ?is region1 %\ld be> d[n ^u !m & c>ry ! :ole colony away4 ,:5 "w 0 9 progress1 !y did n realize _! lonely1 p]il\s position s mu*1 s9ce _! m9ds 7 o!rwise occupi$2 b x 0 ! en=c$ p]iods ( idl5ess1 (t5 la/+ sev]al days on end1 :i* made !m gr[ despond5t1 z !y 7 virtually imprison$1 & !re 0 v little space 9 :i* to obta9 ex]cise4 ,! mat]ial 0 br\ght out 9 light]s t[$ by a /eam-laun*1 on :i* /eam 0 kept up day & night1 because ! mat]ial _h to be s5t out at any mom5t :5 ! conditions 7 fav\rable4 ,aga91 ?is 8/&+ by0 0 imp]ative1 9 case a sudd5 call = assi/ance %\ld be giv5 by ! little isolat$ community :5 fac$ ) disa/] dur+ a /orm4 ,:5 ! m5 got ! keep]s' qu>t]s complet$1 _! m9ds became easi]1 z !y 7 n[ 9 possession ( a m /able camp4 ,! sup]/ructure advanc$ at a rapid rate1 & ! light 0 %[n = ! fir/ "t on ,june #ae1 #ahgh4 ,toil ( a diff]5t "* 0 associat$ ) ! build+ ( ! ,race ,rock ligh?\se1 eight miles f ,new ,london1 ,connecticut4 ,?is p]il is a subm]g$ l$ge (f ,fi%]'s ,isl& ,s\nd1 & is ( =midable magnitude1 s9ce ! l$ge is at ! m\? ( ! race1 :]e ! wat]s1 accord+ to ! tide1 sweep along ) great velocity & =ce1 :ile 9 heavy wea!r ! waves get up high & ?und] ) awful p[]4 ,! ma9 l$ge bri/les ) ugly %>p spurs1 "s ( :i* rise above ! ma9 clu/]1 kn[n z ,race ,rock1 :i* is ab\t #c feet bel[ mean l[-wat]4 ,! situation ( ?is lurk+ dang] call$ = ! erection ( an effici5t beacon1 ?\gh n dem&+ a light ( ! calibre ( ,m9ot's ,l$ge1 because ev5 9 r\gh wea!r ! wat] does n m\nt 9 ! =m ( ?ick curta9s ( spray4 ,a small] & diff]5t type ( light1 !re=e1 0 consid]$ to be adequate = ! purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,po9t ,,p9os ,,light ,,/ation1 ,,cali=nia4 ,?is m>9]s' fri5d has be5 t5d$ by a woman = ! pa/ #cj ye>s4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 erection 0 n an easy matt] by any means4 ,! velocity ( ! wat] & ! subm]g$ "* ( ! reef dem&$ ! aid ( div]s to prep>e ! l$ge-face & to complete ! f\ndations4 ,! rock 0 levell$ z mu* z possible by ! aid ( small brok5 /one & riprap4 ,on ?is a heavy circul> /epp$ pl9? ( solid mass-concrete 0 laid4 ,?is f\ndation is #i feet 9 ?ickness1 & is dispos$ 9 f\r conc5tric lay]s1 ! l[]mo/ ( :i* is #fj feet 9 diamet] by #c feet 9 ?ickness4 ,! concrete 0 laid 9 huge hoops ( iron1 ( ! desir$ height & diamet] = ! respective lay]s1 to prev5t ! mass f spread+4 ,:5 ?is task 0 complet$1 !re 0 a level plat=m1 z solid z ! rock itself1 & project+ #h in*es above mean l[-wat]4 ,on ?is a conical /one pi] 0 built to a height ( #cj feet1 by #eg feet 9 diamet] at ! base4 ,! top 0 cr[n$ ) a project+ cop+ #ee feet 9 diamet]4 ,! out] face ( ?is pi] is compos$ ( massive blocks ( /one back$ ) concrete2 :ile 9 its he>t are ! spaces = ci/]ns & cell>s4 ,f "o side ( ?is pi] /ret*es a %ort jetty1 to =m a l&+-place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,f>allon ,,rock ,,& ,,light4 ,! light ( #aaj1jjj c&le-p[] is plac$ on ! highe/ peak ( ! rock1 #ceh feet above ! sea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,f>allon ,,ligh?\se ,,(f ,,san ,,francisco4 ,ow+ to ! height ( ! rock1 a t[] #bi feet high 0 adequate to c>ry ! lant]n & its equipm5t4 ,! ligh?\se comprises a granite dwell+ ( two floors = ! accommodation ( ! keep]s1 f ! c5tre ( ! front ( :i* rises a granite t[]1 squ>e at ! base1 b r\nd at ! top1 to c>ry ! lant]n1 ! light ( :i*1 ( ! f\r? ord]1 is #fg feet above mean high-wat]4 ,! w>n+ is an alt]nate fla% ( r$ & :ite1 ) a t5 seconds' d>k int]val4 ,= ! protection ( ! base ( ! pi]1 ! l$ge on all sides is cov]$ ) a ?ick lay] ( b\ld]s4 ,! "w 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahgb1 b1 ow+ to its difficult "*1 occupi$ six ye>s4 ,! ,race ,rock lo/ its t]rors = all "t :5 ! beam fla%$ out on ! night ( ,new ,ye>'s ,day1 #ahgi4 ,on ! ,pacific seabo>d1 :ile ! ,am]ican ligh?\se eng9e]s h n be5 s active 9 reg>d to eng9e]+ "w ( an impressive nature1 ow+ to ! m sl5d] proportions ( ! m>itime traffic1 !y h accompli%$ "s notable triumphs4 ,! ,tillamook ,rock light1 describ$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 is ! mo/ important1 & is to ! ,pacific seabo>d ( ! c\ntry :at ! ,m9ot's ,l$ge light is to ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,! majority ( ! lights on ! ,pacific are /ation$ on ! ma9l&1 or contigu\s !reto4 ,^! beacons are ( m mod]n con/ruction ?an ^? on ! ,atlantic %ore1 & 9 "s in/ances are v p[]ful4 ,pride ( place 9 ?is respect is %>$ betwe5 ,po9t ,ar5a & ,cape ,m5doc9o4 ,! =m]1 p]*$ on ! cliff-%ore ( ,cali=nia1 has a fla%+ gr\p ( two fla%es ( #c_/h second 9 five seconds1 ) eclipses ( #a-a_/h & #d-a_/h seconds respectively1 ?r[n by its light ( #a1jjj1jjj c&le-p[] ov] ! wat] = a radius ( eighte5 miles f a height ( #aee feet4 ,cape ,m5doc9o light1 on ! same coa/l9e1 has ! fur!r di/9ction ( be+ ! mo/ elevat$ light on ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pacific coa/1 ! #cdj1jjj c&le-p[] beam be+ ?r[n = t5 seconds once e ?irty seconds f an elevation ( #dbb feet4 ,al?\gh ! t[] itself is only #bj feet 9 height1 ! cliff %e]s up = #djb feet4 ,consequ5tly ! fla% may be detect$ f tw5ty-eight miles out to sea 9 cle> wea!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,po9t ,cabrillo light1 a few miles s\?1 ^: fla%+ ray is ( #fej1jjj c&le-p[]1 is pick$ up f a di/ance ( only f\rte5 miles1 because ! light is b #hd feet above mean high-wat]4 ,! ,f>allon beacon1 compris+ a t[] #bi feet high plant$ on ! highe/ po9t ( ,f>allon ,isl&1 (f ,san ,francisco1 comes a good second 9 po9t ( elevation1 z ! #aaj1jjj c&le-p[] fla%1 occurr+ = t5 seconds once 9 e m9ute1 is project$ f an altitude ( #ceh feet1 & c be disc]n$ tw5ty-six miles away4 ,= _m ye>s ! ,po9t ,reyes light held ! di/9ction ( be+ ! l(tie/ beacon1 s9ce its fla% ( #afj1jjj c&le-p[] once e five seconds is %$ f an elevation ( #bid feet1 b is n[ relegat$ to ?ird place 9 ?is respect4 ,tak5 on ! :ole1 ! lights scatt]$ along ! rugg$1 lonely ,pacific seabo>d are f> m p[]ful ?an _! contempor>ies gu>d+ busi] %ipp+ on ! ea/]n coa/ ( ! c\ntry2 b :]eas ! latt] are plac$ some:at close toge!r1 ! =m] are spac$ f> ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,punta ,,gorda ,,light ,,/ation1 ,,cali=nia4 ,"o ( ! late/ built by ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,commodi\s & h&some build+s are provid$ = ! w>d5s ( ?is light4 ,!re are "s po9ts :i*1 :ile be+ s extremely p]il\s to ! m>9] z to dem& ! provision ( a ligh?\se1 yet _c be gu>d$ at pres5t4 ,! peculi>ity ( _! situations & _! physical *>act]i/ics completely defy ! +5uity1 skill1 & res\rce1 ( ! eng9e]4 ,cape ,hatt]as1 p]haps1 is ! mo/ =cible illu/ration ( ?is defeat ( sci5ce by ,nature4 ,! sea-b$ = miles (f ?is po9t is litt]$ ) ! mo/ trea*]\s s&banks1 beside :i* ! ,goodw9s ( ,brita9 appe> insignificant4 ,e seaf>] kn[s ! ,diamond ,%oals1 & gives !m a wid] b]? ?an any o!r dang] spot 9 ! sev5 seas4 ,= "s sev5 & a half miles out to sea f ! prom95t headl&1 ! ,atlantic1 accord+ to its mood1 bubbles1 boils1 or rolls calmly1 ov] %oals & s]ri$ r[s ( subm]g$ banks4 ,! curr5ts are wild & frantic2 ! /orms :i* rage (f ?is po9t are difficult to equal 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w2 & ! numb] ( %ips :i* h gone to pieces or h be5 ab&on$ to _! fate 9 ^! inhospitable /ret*es ( sea is incalculable4 ,"t aft] "t ! eng9e]s h s\ght to subjugate ?is dang]1 b )\t avail4 ,! sea-b$ is s s(t & absorb+ t a firm f\ndation = a t[] defies discov]y4 ,"o brilliant attempt 0 made to s9k a caisson1 simil> to t employ$ = ! fam\s ,ro!rs& light 9 ! ,riv] ,wes]4 ,! mammo? /ructure 0 built1 & ) extreme difficulty 0 t[$ out to ! select$ site4 ,b ! seas ro>$ aga9/ ?is attempt to deprive !m ( _! prey4 ,!y bore d[n ^u ! caisson & sma%$ x to fragm5ts1 caus+ ! eng9e]s to retire f ! sc5e ?or\ghly discomfit$4 ,:5 a huge mass1 weigh+ sev]al hundr$ tons1 c\ld be brok5 up by ! madd5$ seas s easily1 ( :at avail 7 ! k & ef=t ( man8 ,! ,diamond ,%oals /ill resi/ conque/4 ,! only means ( w>n+ %ips ( _! pres5ce is a light%ip moor$ well out beyond ! pale ( _! suck+ embrace4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ligh?\se ,bo>d m\nts gu>d ov] #ag1fie miles ( coa/l9e4 ,?is aggregate embraces1 n only ! two seabo>ds ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t1 b sections ( ! ,great ,lakes1 ! ,philipp9es1 ,alaska1 ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 & ! ,am]ican ,samoan ,isl&s1 ! total detail$ coa/ or *annel l9e be+ no less ?an #dh1hha miles4 ,9 ord] to guide ! m>9] on 8 way ?r\gh wat]s ov] :i* ! ,/>s & ,/ripes wave1 no less ?an #ab1aej lights ( all descriptions are requir$1 dem&+ ! s]vices ( an army ( #e1ehb m5 & wom52 :ile ! co/ ( ma9t5ance exce$s #a1bjj1jjj1 or #f1jjj1jjj1 p] annum4 ,see+ t ! c\ntry levies no tolls = s]vices r5d]$ 9 ?is connection1 ! %ipp+ community1 & humanity 9 g5]al1 owe a deep debt ( gratitude to a p[]ful nation4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates %>e ) ,great ,brita91 ,au/ria1 ,belgium1 ,spa91 ,france1 ,italy1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 & ,sw$51 ! exp5se ( ma9ta9+ a ligh?\se :i* is situate on ! prop]ty ( none ( !m4 ,?is is a k9d ( no man's1 & yet x is e man's1 light4 ,! beacon is n locat$ 9 an out-(-!-way "p ( ! _w1 su* z ! ,arctic ,sea1 z might be suppos$1 b m\nts gu>d ov] "o ( ! busie/ m>9e ?or\ghf>es ( ! globe--! we/]n entrance to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,?is unique light is t ( ,cape ,sp>tel1 on ! ,moroccan coa/4 ,:ile x 0 built at ! exp5se ( ,morocco1 ! responsibility = its ma9t5ance 0 assum$ by ! =ego+ ,p[]s1 9 accordance ) ! conv5tion ( ,m>* #ab1 #ahfg1 :i* has rema9$ 9 =ce s9ce4 ,!re is no o!r light ^u ! sev5 seas :i* has s _m ,p[]s conc]n$ 9 its welf>e & ma9t5ance4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,! ,,lamp-,,po/s ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,lakes ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica ,on ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t ! effici5t light+ ( ! coa/s wa%$ by two salt oceans is only "o1 al?\gh ! mo/ important1 conc]n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canadian ,gov]nm5ts4 ,9 addition ea* has a long /ret* ( rugg$1 tortu\s %ore hemm+ 9 ^? capaci\s depressions dra9+ a va/ tract ( c\ntry1 & kn[n g5]ally z ! ,great ,lakes4 ,^! unsalt$ seas are rightly nam$1 see+ t !y con/itute ! l>ge/ %eets ( fre% wat] on ! inhabit$ globe4 ,! responsibility ( safegu>d+ ! navigator z he makes 8 way across ^! wa/es is %>$ equally by ! two c\ntries :i* !y divide1 ) "o exception4 ,?is is ,lake ,mi*igan1 :i* lies entirely )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! n>r[ necks ( wat] :i* l9k ^! lakes into "o long *a9 likewise are light$ by ! two nations4 ,= "s ye>s ! ,l[] ,detroit ,riv]1 connect+ ,lakes ,erie & ,/4 ,clair1 0 ma9ta9$ = ! mo/ "p by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ! practice 0 n satisfactory2 s1 z ! result ( a conf]5ce betwe5 ! two ,gov]nm5ts1 ,canada assum$ *>ge ( ! aids 9 c]ta9 specifi$ portions ( ! navigable *annel ly+ entirely 9 ,canadian wat]s4 ,! result ( ?is new arrangem5t has be5 ! bett] patroll+ ( ! wat]way4 ,! wat]-borne comm]ce on ^! lakes1 al?\gh possible = only half ! ye>1 is trem5d\s1 :ile navigation is extremely difficult & beset ) innum]able dang]s4,b ,! diff]5t means :]eby a %ip is h&l$ & ma9ta9$ on its c\rse ^u ! salt-wat] ocean are n completely applicable 9 ?is case4 ,! great] numb] ( ! boats are freight]s & engag$ 9 ! transport ( ore1 :i*1 f its metallic "*1 is apt to di/urb ! compass1 r5d]+ x some:at unreliable4 ,nor is ! lead ( mu* avail 9 ?ick wea!r1 z ! lake-b$ v>ies sudd5ly f comp>ative %all[ness to great dep?s4 ,navigation on ^! lakes has be5 lik5$ to coa/al traffic1 only ) l& on bo? sides ( ! m>9]1 & ! int]vals :5 ! %ip is out ( sight ( ! %orel9e are comp>atively brief4 ,accord+ly1 ! capta9 picks 8 way r by ! aid ( l&m>ks1 & ! vessels are fitt$ ) a b[sprit1 to give ! ma/] a po9t :]eby to judge 8 direction4 ,b l&m>ks1 h[ev] conspicu\s & tru/wor?y !y may be by day & 9 cle> wea!r1 are useless at night & 9 fog1 to :i* latt] visitation1 by ! way1 ^! wat]s are extremely susceptible4 ,b ,= a full description ( ! m>9e traffic on ! ,great ,lakes1 see 8,! ,/eam%ip ,conque/ ( ! ,_w10 *apt] ix41 p4 #aai4 ,/eam%ip traffic _c be c>ri$ on ) f9ancial success by daylight & 9 fair wea!r only1 s x became necess>y to di/ribute beacons ar\nd ! ind5t$ %ores4 ,?is proc$ure 0 r5d]$ additionally necess>y ow+ to ! =midable "* ( _m ( ! dang]s besett+ navigation1 9 ! =m ( %oals1 project+ ridges1 & subm]g$ reefs1 q z t]rify+ to ! ma/] ( a fre%-wat] %ip z simil> dang]s on an ocean-swept coa/4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 "o w\ld n expect to f9d examples ( ligh?\se eng9e]+ comp>able ) ! great sea-rock lights re>+ above ! ocean1 su* z ! ,m9ot's ,l$ge1 ,dhu-,he>ta*1 or ,bi%op's ,rock4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! un9itiat$ might conclude t buoys & small lights1 su* z indicate ! entrance to h>b\rs1 w\ld fulfil requirem5ts4 ,s !y w\ld b = two or ?ree adv]se factors4 ,^! lakes are ravag$ at times by /orms ( great viol5ce1 :i* bur/ ) />tl+ sudd5ness4 ,fogs also are ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 especially 9 ! spr+ & autumn1 (t5 desc5d+ & lift+ in/antly l a ?ick blanket ( cl\d4 ,b ! mo/ implacable enemy is ! ice4 ,! eng9e] c design a t[] :i* w )/& ! mo/ savage onslaughts ( w9d & wave ) comp>ative ease1 at1 relatively speak+1 little exp5se2 b ! ice introduces ano!r factor :i* sc>cely c be calculat$4 ,! :ole ( ^! lakes are froz5 ov] dur+ ! w9t] to su* a ?ickness z to defy all ef=ts to cut a *annel1 becom+1 9 fact1 z solid z t]ra firma4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,a ,,ligh?\se ,,on ,,! ,,great ,,lakes ,,9 ,,! ,,grip ,,( ,,w9t]4 ,?is t[] m>ks ! ,rac9e ,reef 9 #bj feet ( wat] ne> ! entrance to ,rac9e ,h>b\r on ! we/ coa/ ( ,lake ,mi*igan4 ,9 ! spr+ ?is arm\r cracks & breaks up l glass %att]$ ) a hamm]4 ,x !n becomes ! sport ( ! curr5ts1 :i* 9 _m places sweep & swirl ) enorm\s =ce r\nd ! headl&s & spits project+ into ! lake4 ,?is action sets ! ice mov+ 9 /ately maje/y1 b cru%+ ev]y?+ t re>s 9 its way1 or pil+ & break+ aga9/ ! ob/ruction4 ,ice-%oves1 ice-jams1 & ice-runs1 are ! ?ree =ces aga9/ :i* ! eng9e] has to cont5d1 & at places 8 ef=ts are s puny z to be useless4 ,! ice1 if x collects across "o ( ! outlets s z to =m a massive dam rea*+ to ! lake-b$1 imm$iately causes ! level ( ! lake to rise2 & :5 at la/ ! b>rage breaks1 !n ! wat] is releas$ 9 a mad ru%4 ,ligh?\se build+ on ! ,great ,lakes dem&s ! highe/ skill1 incalculable +5uity1 & ! s\nde/ ( design & workman%ip4 ,consequ5tly1 "s ( ! gu>dian lights di/ribut$ ar\nd ^! %ores1 su* z ,spectacle ,reef1 ! ,rock ( ,ages1 ,col*e/]1 & ,r$ ,rock ligh?\ses1 are /rik+ evid5ces ( ! eng9e]'s h&iwork4 ,( c\rse1 :]e ! l& presses 9 on ei!r h&1 trans=m+ ! wat]way into a k9d ( canal1 or :]e ! %ore is free f subm]g$ ob/ructions1 ! type ( ligh?\se on ei!r %ore foll[s ! wood5 frame dwell+ ) a l[ t[]1 z x is completely adequate = ! purpose4 ,! "o erection1 h[ev]1 :i* comm&s ! greate/ att5tion is ! ,spectacle ,reef light1 :i* has be5 call$ ! ,eddy/one1 or ,m9ot's ,l$ge1 ( ! ,lakes4 ,9 its way x 0 q z bold an und]tak+ z ei!r ( ^! f>-fam$ works1 & 9 "s respects 0 f> m difficult to c>ry out1 al?\gh ! build] 0 sp>$ ! caprici\sness & extreme re/lessness ( tidal wat]s4 ,spectacle ,reef ligh?\se re>s its tap]+ head f a p>ticul>ly dang]\s reef 9 an awkw>d corn] ( ,lake ,huron1 :]e comm5ces ! ,/rait ( ,mack9ac1 lead+ to ,lake ,mi*igan4 ,! spot is dang]\s1 because x is cov]$ by ab\t #g feet ( wat]2 awkw>d1 because x occurs ab\t t5 & a half miles (f ! ne>e/ l&1 :i* is ,bois ,blanc ,isl&4 ,! reef 9 reality comprises two %oals1 :i* lie 9 su* relation to "o ano!r z to sugge/ a pair ( spectacles--h5ce ! "n4 ,z x is expos$ to #agj miles ( op5 sea on "o side1 :5 ^! wat]s are r\s$ ! roll]s hamm] on ! reef ) t]rible viol5ce1 :ile at times ! curr5ts skirl by at a velocity ( two or ?ree miles p] h\r1 & ! ice 9 its movem5t gr9ds1 piles1 & grates itself ^u ! reef 9 impot5t fury4 ,:5 ?is ice is =c$ =w>d ) ! pu% ex]t$ by ! curr5ts1 ! pressure is trem5d\s & ! =ce wellnigh irresi/ible4 ,:5 ! ligh?\se 0 project$1 x 0 realiz$ t x w\ld h to be ( massive proportions & provid$ ) adequate measures to protect x f ! assault & batt]+ ( ! ice4 ,! task 0 und]tak5 by ,g5]al ,o4 ,m4 ,poe1 :o 0 eng9e]-9-*ief to ,g5]al ,%]man on 8 hi/oric m>* to ! sea4 ,?is eng9e] decid$ to take ! ,m9ot's ,l$ge monoli?ic /ructure z 8 model1 see+ t ! latt] _h )/ood ! savage onslaughts ( ! ,atlantic4 ,=tunately1 ! f\ndations 7 ( an excell5t "*1 ! reef be+ =m$ ( h>d lime/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,p4 ,&]son4 ,,build+ ,,! ,,b>re ,,b\l>d ,,light ,,9 ,,! ,,riv] ,,/4 ,,lawr5ce4 ,ow+ to ! sev]ity ( ! ice pil+ 9 ?is wat]way1 ! /ructures h to be provid$ ) massive f\ndations4 ,! eng9e] select$ z ! site = ! t[] a po9t :]e ! ridge is subm]g$ by #aa feet ( wat]4 ,see+ t ! base 0 to be laid "u wat]1 obvi\sly x seem$ to be an op]ation = div]s2 b ,g5]al ,poe prep>$ a sup]ior means ( gett+ ! subaque\s f\ndations laid4 ,he built a c(f]dam ar\nd ! site1 &1 z ! "w w\ld h to be protect$ f ! w9t] ice1 he built ano!r c(f]dam1 entirely = protective purposes1 outside ! =m]4 ,! ne>e/ po9t on ! ma9l& :]e he c\ld e/abli% a depot 0 ,scammon's ,h>b\r1 "s sixte5 miles away1 & "h ev]y?+ 9 connection ) ! "w 0 prep>$ & %ipp$ to ! site ready = plac+ 9 position4 ,! protective "w compris$ a wood5 pi]1 built up ( timb]s #ab in*es squ>e1 #bd feet 9 height4 ,?is /ructure 0 divid$ into a s]ies ( v]tical comp>tm5ts on all f\r sides1 leav+ a cle> int]nal space #dh feet squ>e4 ,! out] comp>tm5ts or pockets 7 fill$ ) /one1 to secure solidity & /ability4 ,l&+ facilities 7 provid$ on ?is pi]1 toge!r ) qu>t]s = ! m5 engag$ 9 ! con/ruction "w4 ,9 ! inn] space1 conta9+ #dh squ>e feet ( /ill wat]1 ! c(f]dam1 9 :i* ! subaque\s "w 0 to be c>ri$ out1 0 l[]$4 ,?is /ructure 0 cyl9drical 9 =m4 ,x 0 built up ( /aves1 b&$ ) heavy hoops ( iron1 s t 9 reality x resembl$ a huge b>rel #cf feet across4 ,x 0 fa%ion$ at ! site1 be+ built :ile susp5d$ directly ov] ! spot on :i* x 0 to be l[]$4 ,:5 ! tub 0 f9i%$1 loosely twi/$ oakum1 #a in*es ?ick1 0 nail$ all r\nd ! l[] edge1 :ile a flap ( heavy canvas 0 secur$ to ! outside bottom rim 9 su* a way z to leave #cf in*es dangl+ free4 ,! exact circul> %ape ( ! c(f]dam 0 insur$ by lib]al cross-brac+ f a c5tral v]tical po/1 :i* con/itut$ ! axis ( ! b>rel1 correspond+ to ! v]tical axis ( ! t[]4 ,:ile ?is "w 0 9 progress1 ! face ( ! rock 0 cle>$ ( loose b\ld]s1 & !n ! c(f]dam 0 l[]$ bodily ) extreme c>e1 s t x desc5d$ ) un]r+ accuracy p]p5dicul>ly into ! wat]1 to come to re/ ov] ! desir$ spot4 ,z ! surface ( ! reef 0 v unev51 ! c(f]dam /opp$ :5 x rea*$ ! highe/ projection "u its edge4 ,!n ea* /ave ( ! b>rel 0 driv5 d[nw>ds until x came to re/ ^u ! sea-b$1 &1 z ! oakum rope 0 =c$ d[n likewise1 ?is s]v$ to act z caulk+4 ,! out] flap ( canvas1 :5 ! c(f]dam 0 driv5 "r home1 spread out on all sides1 & lay ^u ! surface ( ! reef4 ,pumps capable ( dis*>g+ #e1jjj gallons p] m9ute !n 7 set to "w1 remov+ ! wat] f )9 ! c(f]dam4 ,! oakum rope seal prev5t$ ! wat] rega9+ ! int]nal space "u ! bottom edge ( ! tub1 :ile ! canvas assi/$ 9 secur+ absolute wat]-tightness1 because ! out] wat]-pressure =c$ x into all ! nooks & crevices4 ,by ^! means ! workm5 7 giv5 an absolutely dry space 9 :i* to c>ry out _! erect+ "w4 ,! face ( ! reef 0 clean$ & levell$ (f1 & ! fir/ lay] ( /ones 0 laid4 ,^! 7 fir/ fitt$ tempor>ily ^u a false plat=m on %ore1 s t :5 !y rea*$ ! site !y c\ld be set at once )\t f9ick+4 ,! bottom lay] is #cb feet 9 diamet]1 & ! t[] is solid to a height ( #cd feet above ! rock4 ,! /ones are ea* #b feet 9 ?ickness1 & are secur$ to "o ano!r on all sides ) wr\ght-iron bolts1 #bd in*es long by #b in*es 9 diamet]2 :ile ! t[] is an*or$ to ! rock by cem5t & bolts #c feet long1 driv5 ?r\gh ! bottom c\rse into ! real rock b5ea?1 ent]+ ! latt] to a dep? ( #ba in*es4 ,liquid cem5t 0 driv5 into ! holes s z to fill up all ! rema9+ int]/ices1 & ?is n[ has become z h>d z ! /one itself4 ,! ext]ior ( ! t[] is ! fru/um ( a cone1 & at #hj feet above ! base is #ah feet 9 diamet]4 ,! total height ( ! masonry is #ic feet1 & ! focal plane is br\ght #ig feet above ! rock1 or #hf feet above ! wat]-level4 ,! t[] is provid$ ) five rooms1 ea* #ad feet 9 diamet]1 :ile ! entrance is #bc feet above ! wat]4 ,! und]tak+ 0 comm5c$ 9 ,may1 #ahgj1 & ! light 0 %[n fir/ 9 ,june1 #ahgd4 ,z "w _h be5 conf9$ to ! summ] mon?s1 & a =tnight e spr+ 0 devot$ to prep>ations1 z well z an equal p]iod 9 ! autumn to mak+ all fa/ to )/& ! rig\rs ( w9t]1 ! total work+ p]iod 0 only "s tw5ty mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,p4 ,&]son4 ,,col*e/] ,,reef ,,ligh?\se1 ,,lake ,,erie4 ,an isolat$ /ation ma9ta9$ by ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t4 ,x is a fix$ light1 visible ?r\gh\t a circle ( #af miles radius4 ,! protection aga9/ ! ice has prov$ its value completely4 ,! ice z x moves becomes cru%$ aga9/ ! def5ce1 & !n has its advance imp$$ by ! %oal ^u :i* x gr9ds & packs1 to =m 9 itself a b>ri] & ice-break] aga9/ o!r approa*+ ice-fields4 ,?is /ructure 0 soon submitt$ to a /]n te/ to prove its efficacy4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahge1 :5 ! keep]s return$ to ! ligh?\se--! light1 9 common ) all o!r beacons gu>d+ ! ,great ,lakes1 is %ut d[n dur+ ! w9t]1 :5 navigation is clos$--!y f\nd ! t[] unapproa*able4 ,! ice-%ove _h jamm$1 pack$1 & be5 froz5 into a solid b]g to a height ( #cj feet1 ( :i* ! t[] itself =m$ ! core4 ,! doorway 0 buri$ to a dep? ( #g feet1 & ! keep]s _h to c>ve _! way ) pickaxes to ! entrance4 ,ow+ to ! success ( ! design = ! ,spectacle ,reef ligh?\se1 :i* ranks z a /rik+ eng9e]+ a*ievem5t1 x 0 adopt$ = ! ,/ann>d's ,rock t[]4 ,?is l$ge rises f ! wat] #bh feet f %ore1 & ! plant & tackle :i* 7 employ$ 9 connection ) ! fir/-nam$ /ructure 7 utiliz$ 9 ?is und]tak+4 ,! t[] is #aia feet 9 height1 & ! light c be se5 = ab\t tw5ty miles4 ,dur+ ! pa/ two or ?ree ye>s ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t has erect$ two o!r noble ligh?\ses 9 ,lakes ,sup]ior & ,mi*igan4 ,! fir/ w>ns all & sundry (f a rock hav+ ?ree ugly p9nacles project+ above ! wat]1 & kn[n z ! 8,rock ( ,ages40 ,?is dang] /&s "r 9 ! /eam%ip tracks betwe5 ,port ,ar?ur & ,dulu?1 (f ! we/]n end ( ,isle ,royale4 ,! eng9e]s select$ "o ( ! p9nacles z ! base = ! t[]1 decapitat+ ! projection to #ab in*es above mean l[-wat]1 s z to secure a suffici5tly l>ge & level pl9?4 ,on ?is b$ a cyl9drical f\ndation pi]1 ( massive proportions & /r5g? s z to )/& ! ice action1 0 plant$1 to support a l(ty t[] 9 re9=c$ concrete4 ,! build+ has sev5 floors1 "o be+ set aside = h\s+ ! two tw5ty-f\r horse-p[] oil-eng9es :i* are us$ to drive ! air-compressors = ! fog-sir54 ,! light is #abe feet above wat]-level1 & gives a d\ble fla% at t5-second int]vals1 :i* c be pick$ up tw5ty-"o miles away4 ,?is t[] 0 erect$ 9 a v %ort "t1 ! "w1 comm5c$ 9 ,may1 #aijg1 be+ complet$1 except = ! in/allation ( ! p]man5t l5s1 ?irte5 mon?s lat]4 ,! optical app>atus 0 fix$ & ! light %[n fir/ on ,septemb] #ae1 #aiaj4 ,! second light has be5 plac$ on ,:ite ,%oal1 at ! nor? end ( ,lake ,mi*igan1 & sup]s$es a light%ip :i* fulfill$ all requirem5ts = _m ye>s4 ,! %oal is exceptionally dang]\s1 & ! cr[d$ "* ( ! %ipp+ dem&$ ! in/allation ( a m p[]ful light & fog-signal4 ,! /ructure is a /rik+ piece ( "w1 compris+ a /eel cyl9drical t[]1 or %ell1 l9$ on ! inside ) brick & fac$ ext]nally ) t]ra-cotta--an unusual mat]ial = ligh?\se con/ruction4 ,! sup]/ructure is built ^u a massive concrete pi]1 ab\t #gj feet squ>e1 ris+ #bj feet above wat]-level1 ?is be+ borne 9 turn ^u a heavy /one-fill$ timb] crib laid on a block-/one f\ndation1 ! :ole be+ protect$ ?or\ghly ) riprap4 ,! lant]n is ( ! second fla%+ ord]1 ) ! focal plane #abe feet above ! lake-level1 & ! #fe1jjj c&le-p[] ray is visible tw5ty-five miles away4 ,! t[] is fitt$ ) a duplicate plant ( tw5ty-f\r horse-p[] oil-eng9es & air-compressors1 op]at+ an eight-in* :i/le2 & !re is also an electrically-op]at$ subm>9e bell1 ! p[] = :i* is g5]at$ by an indep5d5t oil-eng9e1 ! bell be+ op]at$ f ! eng9e-room4 ,?is /ation is equipp$ also ) a compress$ air wat]-supply sy/em & a motor-boat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,late/ ,,developm5t ,,9 ,,ligh?\se ,,eng9e]+4 ,build+ ! hexagonal t[] on ,c>ib\ ,isl&1 ,lake ,sup]ior1 ^u ! l9es evolv$ by ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,p4 ,&]son1 ! *ief eng9e] to ! ,canadian ,ligh?\se ,dep>tm5t4 ,ow+ to ! peculi> prevail+ conditions1 ! provision ( adequate beacons ^u ! ,great ,lakes is highly exp5sive4 ,up to ! ye> #ahhc m money _h be5 devot$ to ! light+ ( ! %orel9e ( ,lake ,mi*igan ?an to ! illum9ation ( any ocean or gulf 9 any o!r ,/ate 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! total exp5diture up to ! above ye> exce$$ #dgj1jjj1 or #b1cej1jjj4 ,! ,spectacle ,reef light 0 consid]$ *eap at #ge1jjj1 or #cge1jjj2 & ! ,/ann>d ,rock ligh?\se1 ow+ to ! plant & o!r facilities be+ available f ! =ego+ "w1 co/ #fj1jjj1 or #cjj1jjj4 ,by ! "t ! 8,rock ( ,ages0 t[] ?rew its light1 #bg1fdi1 or #ach1bde1 _h be5 sunk2 & ! ,:ite ,%oals ligh?\se absorb$ #ej1jjj1 or #bej1jjj4 ,! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t1 too1 has complet$ "s notable works ^u ! ,great ,lakes dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,9 ,lake ,erie1 9 ! fairway ( pass+ traffic1 is a l$ge kn[n z ,col*e/] ,reef1 on ! s\?-ea/ edge ( :i* a ligh?\se1 "o ( ! mo/ isolat$ 9 ,canadian wat]s1 has be5 plac$4 ,! circul> /one pi] is built 9 #ad feet ( wat]1 & ! ligh?\se1 compris+ a two-/ory dwell+ & t[]1 supports ! beacon #fj feet above ! lake4 ,! light is a fix$ :ite1 ( ! ?ird dioptric ord]1 visible ?r\gh\t a circle ( f\rte5 miles radius4 ,at ! entrance to ,p>ry ,s\nd1 on a conv5i5t site (f]$ by ! solid granite mass ( ,r$ ,rock1 a new ligh?\se 0 con/ruct$ 9 #aiaa4 ,?is 0 ! ?ird beacon plac$ at ?is po9t1 ! two previ\s lights dat+ f #ahgj & #ahha respectively4 ,x is a p>ticul>ly bad spot1 s9ce ! wat]s ( ,georgian ,bay h a free run1 s t ! rock exp]i5ces ! full hamm]+ ( ! sea4 ,! beacon comprises a re9=c$ concrete build+1 ne>ly elliptical 9 section1 support$ ^u a heavy /one f\ndation1 :i* is encas$ 9 /eel1 & :i* is #ab feet high4 ,! t[] has a height ( #eg feet1 br++ ! occult+ fla% ( twelve seconds1 ) an eclipse ( f\r seconds1 #fj feet above ! wat]4 ,?is /ation is also equipp$ ) a p[]ful diaphone4 ,! keep]s ( ?is light exp]i5ce excit+ times1 z 9 a furi\s gale1 su* z ! lakes only c produce1 ! waves frequ5tly cra% ov] ! build+4 ,ano!r f9e light 9 ! /ret* ( ^! wat]s "u ,canadian jurisdiction is f\nd ab\t halfway across ,lake ,sup]ior1 :]e ,c>ib\ ,isl& ?ru/s its scrub-clo!d hump above ! wat]1 almo/ directly 9 ! pa? ( ! vessels runn+ betwe5 ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie & ,s>nia4 ,?is magnific5t /ructure1 plac$ on a small islet ly+ (f ! ma9 isl&1 is built 9 f]ro-concrete1 9 accordance ) ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,&]son's late/ ideas1 & 0 op5$ = s]vice 9 #aiab4 ,x is ( hexagonal %ape1 ) six fly+ buttresses1 & ! focal plane is br\ght #ii feet above ! wat]-level1 s t ! :ite fla% ( half a second may be se5 all r\nd f a di/ance ( fifte5 miles4 ,! /eam%ip lanes across ! ,great ,lakes are n[ well light$4 ,canada alone ma9ta9s ov] #dfj lights ( all descriptions ?r\gh\t its wat]s betwe5 ! ea/]n extremity ( ,lake ,ont>io & ! head ( ,lake ,sup]ior at ,port ,ar?ur4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates au?orities wat* ov] #fid att5d$ & unatt5d$ aids to navigation 9 ! same seas1 ( :i* total #aeb are scatt]$ ar\nd ! coa/l9e ( ,lake ,mi*igan4 ,! m>9] 9 ^! fre%-wat] oceans1 consequ5tly1 has a r\nd ?\s& lights to guide him on 8 way1 & ! numb] is be+ /eadily increas$ to keep pace ) ! gr[? ( ! traffic1 s t ^! seas may become reg>d$ z ! safe/ & be/ protect$ 9 ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,mo/ ,,p[]ful ,,electric ,,ligh?\ses ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,9 a previ\s *apt] ,i h m5tion$ t1 al?\gh oil is ! mo/ popul> =m ( illum9ant 9 ligh?\se eng9e]+1 electricity is ma9ta9$ to be pref]able1 b lab\rs "u "o heavy disadvantage :i* militates aga9/ its m g5]al adoption4 ,x is exp5sive to in/all & to ma9ta94 ,"u ^! circum/ances ! sy/em has be5 re/rict$ to lights ( ! mo/ important "*1 pref]ably l&falls or beacons indicat+ ! entrance to a h>b\r4 ,?us1 we h ! ,liz>d at ! entrance to ! ,engli% ,*annel2 ,/4 ,ca!r9e's on ! ,isle ( ,wight2 ! ,ro!rs& at ! entrance to ! ,wes]2 ! ,heligol& fl>+ ov] ! isl& ( t "n2 ! ,isle ( ,may at ! entrance to ! ,fir? ( ,=?2 ,cape ,hve ne> ,havre2 & ! ,naves9k light on ! highl&s ( ! ,new ,j]sey coa/1 to guide ! m>9] into ,new ,york h>b\r4 ,! fir/ attempt to apply electricity to ligh?\se illum9ation 0 made 9 ! ye> #ahei1 by ! ,tr9ity ,bre?r51 on ! /rong recomm5dations ( ,pr(essor ,f>aday1 :o 0 !n sci5tific advis] to ! ,briti% ligh?\se au?orities4 ,! ,s\? ,=el& light 0 select$ = ! exp]im5ts1 & ! magneto-electric ma*9e inv5t$ by ,pr(essor ,holmes1 :o subsequ5tly p]fect$ ! sir51 0 us$4 ,! in/allation 0 built ) extreme c>e1 z ! imp]ative necessity ( reliability1 ow+ to ! peculi> nature ( ! application1 0 recogniz$ v fully4 ,! l>ge :eels made eighty-five revolutions p] m9ute1 & at ?is spe$ produc$ a v /eady light4 ,on a cle> night1 ow+ to ! elevation ( ! cliff ! light 0 visible = ov] tw5ty-sev5 miles1 & c\ld be descri$ readily f ! upp] gall]ies ( ! ligh?\ses on ! opposite ,fr5* %ore4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e ! relative value ( electric light+ 9 comp>ison ) ! o!r me?ods ( illum9ation !n 9 vogue1 ano!r light emitt$ by an oil-lamp1 ) reflectors *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod1 0 burn$ simultane\sly f a po9t bel[ ! top light1 s t pass+ m>9]s 7 able to comp>e ! two sy/ems ( illum9ation "u id5tical conditions4 ,! ,fr5* ligh?\se au?orities 7 n dilatory 9 adopt+ ! new idea1 & electricity 0 in/all$ 9 ! ,cape ,hve ligh?\se 9 #ahfc4 ,! light 0 brilliant = ^? times1 be+ approximately ( #fj1jjj c&le-p[]4 ,! ,fr5* inve/igators !n emb>k$ ^u an elaborate s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 & 9 #ahha an electric light ( ab\t #a1bgj1jjj c&le-p[] 0 e/abli%$ at ! ,plani] ligh?\se1 ne> ,m>seilles4 ,! inve/igations culm9at$ 9 ! great a*ievem5t ( ,m4 ,b\rdelles1 :o1 :ile eng9e]-9-*ief ( ! ,s]vice des ,ph>es1 design$ a new electric in/allation = ! ,cape ,hve light1 ( #be1jjj1jjj c&le-p[]4 ,meantime ,briti% eng9e]s _h n be5 idle4 ,9 #ahga ,messrs4 ,/ev5son1 ! eng9e]s-9-*ief to ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses1 advocat$ /rongly ! e/abli%m5t ( an electric light ^u ! ,scotti% coa/2 b x 0 n until #ahhc t ! ,bo>d ( ,trade sanction$ ! sum necess>y to complete su* an ent]prise1 & sugge/$ t ! innovation %\ld be made at ! ,isle ( ,may ligh?\se1 z be+ ! mo/ important on ! ,ea/ ,scotti% coa/4 ,?is is "o ( ! hi/oric light-/ations ( ,scotl&4 ,ly+ 9 ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 five miles (f ! ,fife%ire %ore1 ! islet ob/ructs a busy m>9e ?or\ghf>e4 ,= #bgf ye>s a light has gleam$ f its summit1 ! *ange f ! coal fire to ,arg& lamps ) reflectors hav+ be5 made by ,?omas ,smi?1 ! fir/ eng9e] to ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses1 :5 ?is body assum$ its control 9 #ahaf4 ,tw5ty ye>s lat] x 0 conv]t$ to ! dioptric sy/em1 ) a fir/-ord] fix$ light app>atus hav+ a f\r-wick burn]4 ,?is arrangem5t 0 9 s]vice = half a c5tury1 :5 x 0 conv]t$ to electricity 9 conjunction ) a dioptric cond5s+ app>atus4 ,! electric in/allation 0 design$ ?r\gh\t by ,messrs4 ,/ev5son1 & x possesses _m +5i\s & novel features to ?is day1 :ile x 0 ! pione] ( mod]n electric light+ sy/ems z appli$ to ligh?\se eng9e]+4 ,al?\gh m>k$ improvem5ts h be5 effect$ 9 electrical eng9e]+ & sci5ce s9ce its completion1 x /ill ranks z "o (1 if n !1 mo/ p[]ful electric ligh?\ses 9 ! _w4 ,! beacon is a prom95t edifice on ! summit ( ! isl&4 ,! build+ is some:at pret5ti\s1 r resembl+ a battlem5t$ ca/le ?an a w>n+ = ! m>9]1 ! optical app>atus be+ h\s$ 9 a squ>e turret ris+ above ! ma9 "p ( ! build+4 ,:5 electric illum9ation 0 adopt$1 ! exi/+ accommodation = ?ree keep]s 0 f\nd insuffici5t1 :ile a g5]at+-/ation 0 necess>y4 ,in/ead ( ext5d+ ! old build+ to accommodate ! additional facilities1 a second /ation 0 built at a l[-ly+ po9t ne> ! sea-level4 ,?is conta9s ! eng9e & g5]at+ h\se1 toge!r ) qu>t]s = ?ree m keep]s & _! families4 ,?is decision 0 made because at ?is po9t1 #haj feet away & #age feet bel[ ! ligh?\se1 !re is a small fre%-wat] lo* :5ce wat] is available = ! boil]s & cond5s]s1 :ile a m>k$ sav+ 9 ! co/ ( h&l+ fuel z well z ( ! haulage ( ! build+ mat]ials & ma*9]y 0 feasible4 ,! curr5t is l$ f ! p[]-h\se to ! ligh?\se by means ( ov]head copp] conductors4 ,"s difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 secur+ electrical app>atus suit$ to ! se>*+ exig5cies ( ligh?\se eng9e]+1 & ! design]s made "o /ipulation1 :i* at fir/ appe>$ to baffle fulfilm5t4 ,?is 0 ! plac+ ( ! positive c>bon bel[1 in/ead ( above1 s z to enable ! /ronge/ light to be ?r[n upw>ds1 to be dealt ) by ! upp] "p ( ! dioptric app>atus1 :]eby x c\ld be us$ m effectively4 ,"o firm /ruggl$ ) ?is problem = _m mon?s1 & !n 0 compell$ to admit defeat1 z "t = fur!r exp]im5t+ 0 unavailable1 s9ce ! ligh?\se 0 almo/ complet$4 ,accord+ly1 ! design+ eng9e]s _h to revise _! plans1 & _h to acquire alt]nate-curr5t ,de ,m]it5 ma*9es1 :i*1 al?\gh m exp5sive & less p[]ful ?an ^? orig9ally int5d$1 yet 71 & are /ill1 wond]fully /eady 9 work+1 :ile !y _h previ\sly prov$ highly effici5t = ligh?\se s]vice4 ,two g5]ators ( ?is description 7 secur$1 & !y con/itut$ ! l>ge/ t _h be5 made up to ?is p]iod1 ea* plant weigh+ ab\t #d tons4 ,ea* ma*9e has sixty p]man5t magnets1 dispos$ 9 five sets ( twelve ea*1 :ile ea* magnet is made up ( eight /eel plates4 ,! armature makes #fjj revolutions p] m9ute1 & develops an av]age curr5t ( #bbj ampres4 ,! in/allation is s design$ t "o-1 two-1 ?ree-1 or f\r-fif?s1 or ! :ole1 ( ! curr5t c be s5t f ea* unit to ! di/ributor = transmission to ! lant]n1 or ! two ma*9es may be c\pl$ & ! full curr5t f bo? utiliz$4 ,! curr5t is convey$ to ! lant]n ?r\gh copp] rods #a in* 9 diamet]1 & ?is 0 ! fir/ occasion on :i* su* conductors 7 utiliz$ = ligh?\se "w4 ,!re are ?ree lamps ( a modifi$ ,s]r9-,b]jot type1 "o be+ 9 s]vice1 & ! o!r two held 9 res]ve4 ,by means ( a by-pass1 or %unt1 a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! curr5t is s5t direct to ! l[] c>bon1 only a suffici5t am\nt to regulate ! c>bons be+ s5t ?r\gh ! lamp4 ,! c>bons us$ are ab\t #a in*es 9 diamet]1 ?\gh two-in* c>bons c be employ$ :5 bo? ma*9es are runn+1 & ! rate ( consumption is #a in*es1 or1 includ+ wa/e1 #b in*es1 p] h\r4 ,! p[] ( ! arc ?us obta9$ ) ! curr5t f$ f "o g5]ator is betwe5 #ab1jjj & #af1jjj c&les4 ,9 ! ev5t ( ! electric in/allation break+ d[n1 a ?ree-wick p>aff9 oil lamp is kept 9 res]ve1 ready = in/ant s]vice1 & x c be br\ght into use )9 ?ree m9utes4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,siem5s ,bros4 ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,! ,,electric ,,se>*lights ,,( ,,! ,,heligol& ,,ligh?\se4 ,on ! l[] level are ?ree projectors spac$ #abj degrees ap>t4 ,above is a f\r? se>*light revolv+ ?ree times z rapidly z ^? bel[4 ,! dioptric app>atus1 design$ by ,messrs4 ,/ev5son1 & manufactur$ by ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bro!rs & ,co4 ( ,birm+ham1 is ( a novel "*1 inasmu* z ! cond5s+ pr9ciple has be5 c>ri$ to a pron\nc$ degree4 ,! light *>act]i/ic is f\r brilliant fla%es 9 quick succession e ?irty seconds4 ,! l5ticul> app>atus also includes ! +5i\s idea advocat$ by ,mr4 ,?omas ,/ev5son1 an e>li] eng9e]-9-*ief to ! ,nor!rn ,commission]s & p]haps ! greate/ au?ority on ligh?\se optical eng9e]+1 :]eby ! light may be dipp$ dur+ a fog4 ,?us1 9 cle> wea!r ! /ronge/ "p ( ! ray may be direct$ to ! horizon1 :ile 9 ?ick wea!r x c be br\ght to be> ^u a po9t1 say1 f\r or five miles away4 ,! fla%es are produc$ by a revolv+ cage ( /raight v]tical prisms1 :i* enclose ! fix$-light app>atus4 ,?is cage makes "o complete revolution e m9ute1 ! rot>y movem5t be+ secur$ ?r\gh a tra9 ( :eels & a weight1 :i* has a fall ( #fj feet 9 a tube ext5d+ v]tically ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! t[]1 ! me*anism be+ w\nd up once an h\r by manual ef=t4 ,! beam ( light obta9$ by ! aid ( electricity is ( int5se brilliancy & p5etration4 ,its equival5t 9 c&le-p[] is some:at difficult to det]m9e1 because ! me?ods ( calculation are some:at arbitr>y & mislead+4 ,by _! own me?od ( calculation1 ! eng9e]s responsible = ! in/allation rate x at #c1jjj1jjj c&le-p[] ) "o g5]ator 9 use1 & #f1jjj1jjj c&le-p[] :5 bo? are go+4 ,?is is f #cjj to #fjj times z int5se z ! oil light :i* 0 sup]s$$4 ,by ano!r me?od ( calculation ! beam is ( #bf1jjj1jjj c&le-p[]1 :ile ano!r pr9ciple ( rat+ br+s x to upw>ds ( #ej1jjj1jjj c&le-p[]4 ,9 cle> wea!r ! light has a range ( tw5ty-two miles1 be+ indi/+ui%able at a great] di/ance1 ow+ to ! curvature ( ! e>?2 b ! fla%es ( light illum9at+ ! cl\ds ov]head may be pick$ up =ty or fifty miles away4 ,! total co/ ( electrify+ ! ,isle ( ,may light 0 #ae1hce1 or #gi1age2 :ile ! annual co/ ( ma9t5ance is ov] #a1jjj1 or #e1jjj4 ,! mo/ fam\s ,engli% electric ligh?\se is t ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e's1 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight4 ,?is po9t1 l ! ,isle ( ,may1 has be5 a beacon = c5turies4 ,its creation = ?is "w ev5 ant$ates its nor!rn contempor>y1 because 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury a *antry 0 built by a b5evol5t knight on ! highe/ po9t ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,d[ns1 :o fur!rmore provid$ an end[m5t = a prie/ 8:o %\ld *ant ,masses & ma9ta9 a burn+ light at night = ! safety ( m>9]s40 ,b ?is protection fell into desuetude4 ,! /ation1 h[ev]1 0 reviv$ ^u ! old site 9 #aghe1 b x _h to be ab&on$1 because x 0 f\nd to be built at too high an elevation4 ,x 0 s (t5 envelop$ 9 fog z to be useless1 or at lea/ unreliable1 to ! seaf>]4 ,a new t[]1 accord+ly1 0 erect$ at a l[] level1 & br\ght into s]vice 9 #ahdj1 ! w>n+ rays be+ ?r[n f a height ( #acd feet above ! wat]4 ,oil 0 us$ ) a burn] ( six r+s1 ! light be+ (ficially kn[n z a 8fix$ oil light ( ! fir/ class10 :ile ! beam 0 diffus$ ov] an arc ( #bdj degrees4 ,9 ! middle eighties ! ,bre?r5 ( ,tr9ity ,h\se decid$ to br+ x up to date1 & select$ electricity z ! illum9ant1 at ! same "t *ang+ ! light f ! fix$ to ! revolv+ class1 ) a five-second fla% once e ?irty seconds4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,siem5s ,bros4 ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,! ,,heligol& ,,ligh?\se4 ,"o ( ! mo/ p[]ful electric beacons 9 ! _w4 ,its maximum c&le-p[] is #dc1jjj1jjj4 ,! in/allation is n widely dissimil> f t us$ at ! ,isle ( ,may4 ,x comprises two ,de ,m]it5 dynamos 9 duplicate1 :ile ! lamps are ( ! modifi$ ,s]r9-,b]jot type1 us+ c>bons1 n ( circul> section1 b ) flut$ sides4 ,?is %ape 0 introduc$ by ,sir ,james ,d\glass1 :o cont5d$ t ! =m] type did n produce ! requisite c&le-l /ead9ess ( ! flame s ess5tial to ligh?\se illum9ation4 ,! dioptric app>atus 0 ( ! sixte5 panel type1 s t ! rays 7 ?r[n out 9 sixte5 brilliantly :ite horizontal spokes4 ,to "o approa*+ ! ligh?\se at night-"t1 ! effect 9 ! sky 0 some:at curi\s4 ,x recall$ a huge & illum9at$ c>t :eel or ,ca!r9e :eel1 ly+ flat on its side1 ?r[+ its rays to all po9ts ( ! compass 9 a /eadily mov+ circle4 ,?is practice _h be5 borr[$ f ! ,fr5*1 :o w5t s f> z to introduce a tw5ty-f\r panel sy/em1 &1 z 9 ,france1 ! ,/4 ,ca!r9e's light1 :5 fir/ br\ght into s]vice1 0 n a complete success4 ,! ,fr5* consid]$ t1 by di/ribut+ ! light ?r\gh z _m panels z possible1 ! "q ( br++ ! fla%es into action at %ort int]vals w\ld be facilitat$1 ignor+ ! fact t by s do+ ! int5sity ( ea* ray 0 impov]i%$4 ,9 o!r words1 ) ! tw5ty-f\r panel light ea* panel only receiv$ & ?rew out "o-tw5ty-f\r? "p ( ! volume ( light emitt$ by ! arc4 ,simil>ly1 9 ! ,/4 ,ca!r9e's light only "o-sixte5? "p ( ! light produc$ 0 ?r[n ?r\gh ea* panel4 ,a few ye>s ago ! optical sy/em 0 replac$ by an app>atus hav+ few] panels4 ,! light ?r[n f ! ,isle ( ,wight ph>os1 ) its beam exce$+ #e1jjj1jjj c&le-p[]1 repres5ts a m>k$ advance ^u ! oil light :i* x displac$1 & c]ta9ly x ranks z ! mo/ brilliant light 9 ! ,engli% ,*annel4 ,a few ye>s ago ano!r magnific5t light 0 br\ght into s]vice 9 ! ,nor? ,sea by ! in/allation ( electricity 9 ! ligh?\se ( ,heligol&4 ,) *>act]i/ic ,teuton ?or\ghness1 ! ,g]mans discuss$ ! "q ( ! illum9ant = ?is beacon 9 all its be>+s1 & resolv$ to introduce ! mo/ p[]ful light possible4 ,?is decision 0 influ5c$ by ! dang]\s "* ( ! wat]s wa%+ ! isl&1 z x is flank$ on all sides by highly p]il\s ridges & s&banks1 :i* mu/ become acc5tuat$ ow+ to ! heavy sea-erosion t prevails4 ,! ,g]man au?orities inve/igat$ ! v>i\s electrical in/allations t _h be5 laid d[n = ligh?\se "w1 ) a view to discov]+ ! mo/ suitable sy/em1 ! advantages & defects ( exi/+ electric lights1 & h[ ! drawbacks might be ov]come mo/ successfully4 ,meantime ! fam\s ,siem5s firm discov]$ a means ( gr9d+ glass mirrors into p>abolic =m1 & ?is discov]y 0 accept$ z ! solution to ! problem4 ,9 ?is type ( mirror ! back is silv]$4 ,! metallic poli%$ surface is protect$ completely f me*anical injury & f all possibility ( t>ni%+4 ,! inv5tors claim t mirrors s prep>$ are able to compete successfully ) l5ses & totally reflect+ prisms--9 fact1 x 0 ma9ta9$ t ! silv]$ glass p>abolic mirror possess$ ! advantages ( great] reflect+ p[] & enhanc$ accuracy1 ) less div]g5ce ( ! beam ( light4 ,ow+ to ! p]fection ( ! l5ses & prisms sy/em ( ligh?\se optics1 ! introduction ( arc lights 9 conjunction ) p>abolic mirrors 0 receiv$ ) consid]able hesitation4 ,9 ord] to dispel ^! d\bts1 ! above-m5tion$ firm =?) emb>k$ ^u an elaborate s]ies ( comp>ative te/s at ,nuremb]g to asc]ta9 ! relative value ( ! two sy/ems1 & z a result ( ^! exp]im5ts !y conclud$ t q z good an effect is obta9able ) ! arc & p>abolic mirror z ) ! be/ examples ( any o!r me?od4 ,accord+ly1 ! au?orities decid$ to in/all ! sy/em 9 ! ,heligol& ligh?\se4 ,!y /ipulat$ t ! int5sity ( ! beam ( light %\ld be at lea/ #cj1jjj1jjj c&le-p[]1 ) a maximum curr5t ( #ajj ampres4 ,! duration ( ! fla% 0 to be "o-t5? ( a second1 foll[$ by eclipses ( five seconds' duration4 ,! electrical eng9e]+ firm entru/$ ) ! contract fulfill$ ^! conditions by m\nt+ ?ree se>*lights spac$ #abj degrees ap>t ^u a rotat+ plat=m4 ,t is to say1 ea* light is project$ outw>ds f a po9t equal to a ?ird ( ! circumf]5ce ( a circle4 ,! mirror diamet] 0 settl$ at #ge c5timetres 7#bi in*es7 & ! focal l5g? at #bej millimetres 7#aj in*es71 ! curr5t be+ tak5 at #cd ampres :5 ! table made f\r revolutions p] m9ute4 ,subsequ5tly a f\r? se>*light 0 introduc$ into ! app>atus1 = ! purpose ( practical exp]im5ts & obs]vations conc]n+ ! duration ( ! light-fla%4 ,?is f\r? unit 0 m\nt$ above ! ?ree se>*lights1 b 9 ! axis itself4 ,x is s dispos$ t its fla% comes midway betwe5 any ( ! two bel[1 & x is arrang$ to rotate ?ree times z quickly z ! ma9 gr\p ( lights4 ,accord+ly1 ! duration ( ! fla% ?r[n f ! f\r? se>*light is only "o-?ird ( ! fla% ?r[n by ! o!rs--t is1 "o-?irtie? ( a second4 ,?is lamp is provid$ ) all ! necess>y me*anism = keep+ x 9 /eady rotation at ! increas$ spe$1 & = draw+ curr5t f its fe$-cable4 ,be=e ! in/allation 0 plac$ 9 ! ligh?\se at ,heligol&1 x 0 submitt$ to se>*+ te/s at ! ,nuremb]g works ( ! build]s4 ,^! trials prov$ t ) a curr5t ( only #bf ampres ! av]age int5sity 0 z high z #cd1jjj1jjj c&le-p[]1 ) a maximum ( ne>ly #dj1jjj1jjj c&le-p[]2 :ile ) #cd ampres ! av]age int5sity rose to approximately #dj1jjj1jjj1 ) a maximum ( ne>ly #dc1jjj1jjj c&le-p[]4 ,accord+ly1 ! t]ms ( ! contract 7 fulfill$ completely4 ,! se>*lights ?r[ _! rays f a massive conical t[]1 ! focal plane ( :i* is #bgb feet above sea-level4 ,9 av]age wea!r ! rays are visible at a di/ance ( tw5ty-?ree nautical miles1 & "u ! mo/ advantage\s wea!r conditions visibility is limit$ only by ! curvature ( ! e>?1 al?\gh on a cle> night ! light is se5 f ,bsun1 :i* is ab\t ?irty-five miles away4 ,! ,heligol& electric light ranks z a rem>kable developm5t 9 ! application ( electricity to ligh?\se illum9ation1 b x nev] has be5 duplicat$4 ,! co/ ( ma9t5ance--ab\t #a1djj1 or #h1jjj1 p] annum--is an insup]able h&icap4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,hornum electric light1 :i* is ! mo/ mod]n ( its type 9 ,g]many1 is m economical1 al?\gh by no means s p[]ful4 ,! t[] is ( ca/-/eel1 & c>ries two electric lights2 :ile ab\t half a mile di/ant is a second t[]1 :i* ?r[s a ?ird electric light4 ,9 ! ma9 t[]1 on ! gr\nd floor1 is in/all$ ! electric g5]at+ plant 79 duplicate71 toge!r ) all accessories1 su* z swit*bo>ds1 etc4 ,! floor above is devot$ to h\s+ #ajj accumulators1 :i* are *>g$ dur+ ! day4 ,?is task c be complet$ by "o g5]at+ set 9 ab\t six h\rs4 ,a s+le *>ge is suffici5t to keep ! ?ree lights go+ = t5 or elev5 h\rs1 & ! lights are controll$ by a simple ?r[-ov] swit*4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! co/ ( ! ma9t5ance ( ! light is r$uc$ v appreciably1 z only "o keep] is on duty at a "t1 ! /ation be+ equipp$ ) two m51 :o h prov$ adequate = ! purpose4 ,above ! accumulator-room is ! /or]oom & a g5]al work%op1 foll[$ by a b$room & above t ! s]vice-room4 ,z only "o keep] is on duty at a "t1 he is provid$ ) ample devices :]eby he c summon 8 comrade 9 times ( em]g5cy2 ! g5]at+ ma*9]y is also controllable f ?is floor4 ,f ! s]vice-room ! l[] light-room is ent]$4 ,?is is a second>y or back light 9 ! range1 ! front light be+ 9 ! t[] half a mile away4 ,ea* ( ^! two light-rooms is fitt$ ) two #aej c&le-p[] inc&esc5t electric lights1 b only "o is burn$ 9 ea* set at a "t3 ! second is a res]ve4 ,%\ld ! light 9 action fail f any cause1 al?\gh ! keep] is w>n$ ( ! occurr5ce1 he does n h to /ir a f+] to br+ ! res]ve light into s]vice4 ,! %ort-circuit produc$ by ! accid5t to ! light automatically revolves ! table ^u :i* ! lamps are m\nt$1 sw+s ! res]ve light into focus1 & !n sets x go+4 ,above ! second>y light 9 ! ma9 t[] is ! pr9cipal beacon1 compris+ a brilliant rapidly-fla%+ light1 ! *>act]i/ic ( :i* is gr\ps ( two fla%es alt]nat+ ) f\r fla%es1 ! cycle be+ complet$ once 9 ?irty seconds4 ,! optical app>atus has be5 devis$ especially = ! 8diff]5tial arc-light10 z x is call$1 ) a reflect+ l5s hav+ a focal di/ance ( #bej millimetres 7#aj in*es71 ! l5s itself be+ #a1ahj millimetres 7approximately #dg in*es7 9 diamet]4 ,9 front ( ! l5s is plac$ a disp]s]1 hav+ a diamet] ( #a1bjj millimetres 7#dh in*es7 :]eby ! ray ( light is disp]s$ ?r\gh an arc ( #aj degrees4 ,be=e ! disp]s] is ! means = produc+ ! *>act]i/ic fla%4 ,?is comprises a bl9d1 or %utt]1 :i* is op5$ & clos$ by me*anism adju/$ to requirem5ts2 :ile ! rotat+ me*anism1 in/ead ( be+ weight-driv51 is actuat$ by an electric motor4 ,! 8diff]5tial arc10 :i* is utiliz$ 9 ?is in/allation1 is consid]$ by ,g]man eng9e]s to be ! be/ sy/em t has yet be5 devis$ = ! exact+ purposes ( ligh?\se eng9e]+1 & ! description has aris5 f ! disposition ( ! c>bons4 ,:ile ! positive c>bon is held horizontally1 ! negative c>bon is plac$ at an angle ( #gj degrees !reto1 & only ! crat] ( ! positive c>bon is consid]$ = ! light+ effect1 ?is be+ plac$ 9 ! focus ( ! app>atus4 ,! positive c>bon is #c_/e in*1 & ! negative c>bon #b_/e in*1 9 diamet]1 al?\gh bo? h a common l5g? ( #ai in*es1 :i* is suffici5t = n9e h\rs' s]vice4 ,! beam emitt$ is ( "s #e1jjj1jjj c&le-p[]4 ,?is is "o ( ! *eape/ electric /ations at pres5t 9 op]ation1 ! annual runn+ *>ges av]ag+ less ?an #cjj1 or #a1ejj4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,"s ,,ligh?\ses ,,9 ,,au/ralian ,,wat]s ,al?\gh ! wat]s wa%+ ! ,au/ralian cont95t are n s ?ickly int]sect$ ) /eam%ip lanes1 & ! m]cantile traffic is n s d5se !re z 9 ! seas ( ! ,nor!rn ,hemisph]e1 yet1 ow+ to ! activity 9 emigration f ,great ,brita91 z well z to ! increas+ prosp]ity ( ! v>i\s ris+ indu/ries "u ! ,s\!rn ,cross1 !y are becom+ m cr[d$ ) ea* succe$+ ye>4 ,! effici5t light+ ( ! coa/s is an inevitable coroll>y ( ?is expansion4 ,ligh?\se eng9e]+1 h[ev]1 is unavoidably exp5sive1 especially :5 sea-rocks dem& indication4 ,f "t to "t sev]e /rictures are pass$ by ,european %ipp+ int]e/s ^u ! app>5t lack ( coa/al lights 9 ,au/ralasian wat]s1 & ! v>i\s ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts conc]n$ ) ?is responsibility are (t5 accus$ ( p>simony & neglect4 ,un=tunately1 ! great] numb] ( ^! critics are apt to consid] ! situation ?r\gh ,european glasses2 to take ! c\ntries ( ! ,old ,_w & ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a basis = _! argum5ts1 & to ignore local conditions4 ,x has tak5 a c5tury or m = ,europe & ! ,unit$ ,/ates to develop _! respective organizations1 & 9 ! majority ( in/ances !re are ample funds f :i* exp5ses 9 ?is direction may be met1 especially :5 pass+ %ipp+ is mulct$ a small sum 9 light-dues = ! purpose4 ,:5 ! %ipp+ is heavy1 ^! levies are c]ta9 to repres5t 9 ! aggregate a l>ge sum e ye>4 ,f "t to "t ,new ,zeal& has be5 r\ndly assail$ = its app>5t neglig5ce 9 ! ext5sion ( its ligh?\se sy/em4 ,x ma9ta9s ?irty-f\r ligh?\ses & beacons1 :i* repres5t a capital outlay ( ov] #bjj1jjj1 or #a1jjj1jjj4 ,! total ma9t5ance *>ges av]age ab\t #af1ejj1 or #hb1jjj1 p] annum1 :ile ! dues collect$ f %ipp+ = ! ma9t5ance ( ^! aids to navigation approximate #ch1jjj1 or #aij1jjj1 p] annum4 ,! balance is n amaz+1 & c]ta9ly is n suffici5t to w>rant heavy exp5diture t[>ds new lights1 z ! in/allation ( su* w>n+s n[adays is highly exp5sive if !y are to con=m ) mod]n requirem5ts4 ,if ! dem&s ( ! critics 7 met1 & a compreh5sive s*eme1 su* z is advis$1 7 tak5 9 h&1 ! %ip[n] w\ld h to pay to meet ! defici5cy on ! rev5ue acc\nt1 & ?is individual compla9s t he is ov]tax$ already4 ,^? ,au/ralian ,/ates :i* possess :at may be describ$ z a normal coa/l9e--t is1 "o fairly free f solit>y rocks ris+ f ! sea "s di/ance f l&--are =tunate1 s9ce ! sea-rock light is notori\sly co/ly4 ,on ! o!r h&1 lights plac$ on ! ma9l&1 ev5 ( ! mo/ p[]ful type1 may be complet$ = a small outlay1 relatively speak+4 ,su* a =tunate condition exi/s 9 connection ) ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,"h & !re (f ! ma9l& are small reefs & ridges1 b1 tak5 on ! :ole1 all ^! dang] spots are adequately cov]$1 s t ! ,/ate has n be5 fac$ ) se>*+ problems ( a te*nical or f9ancial "* 9 ?is connection4 ,! ,/ate boa/s only two 8rock0 ligh?\ses1 & ^! ob/ructions are l>ge en\gh to be call$ 8isl&s40 ,! "o is ,s\? ,solit>y ,isl&1 (f ! coa/ nor? ( ,sydney2 ! o!r is ,montague ,isl&1 to ! s\? ( ! port4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ma9l& is v well patroll$1 "s ?irty lights be+ scatt]$ betwe5 ,po9t ,dang] & ,cape ,h[e1 ! respective nor!rn & s\!rn sea-limits ( ! c\ntry4 ,al?\gh ! light-keep]s ^u ! rocks may consid] !mselves some:at isolat$1 yet _! plight is enviable z comp>$ ) t ( "s ( _! comrades 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,at ,montague ,isl& ! ?ree keep]s & _! families are h\s$ 9 com=table cottages 9 close proximity to _! w>d1 & !y ma9ta9 a small f>m1 includ+ a horse1 goats1 well-/ock$ g>d5s1 & s =?4 ,! keep]s on ,s\? ,solit>y ,isl& us$ to be able to v>y ! monotony ( _! daily or nightly r\nd by indulg5ce 9 excit+ sport4 ,?is assum$ ! =m ( rabbit trapp+ & hunt+1 z ! isl& 0 ov]run ) ^! animals4 ,"o =m ( game mu/ h become some:at nauseat+ 9 "t ^u ! m5u ( ! keep]s1 b ?is div]sion is n[ a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,a my/]i\s disease appe>$ among ! rabbits1 & its ravages 7 s deva/at+ t )9 a %ort "t ,montague ,isl& knew !m no m4 ,! ligh?\ses ( ,new ,s\? ,wales des]ve di/9ction 9 "o direction4 ,z specim5s ( ar*itecture !y are magnific5t pieces ( "w1 s t :at ! t[]s lack 9 romance !y make up 9 attractiv5ess4 ,! mo/ impos+ is ! ,macqu>ie t[]1 or ,sydney ligh?\se1 m\nt+ gu>d ov] ! h>b\r4 ,! fir/ beacon 0 erect$ ^u ?is site z f> back z #ahaf1 !reby r5d]+ x ! fir/ ligh?\se 9 ! ,/ate1 & x 0 fitt$ ) an oil light1 :ile "o or two ( ! ,engli% lights 7 /ill op5 coal fires4 ,9 #ahhc x 0 decid$ to mod]nize ! light+ app>atus1 s t a m p[]ful beam might be ?r[n4 ,electricity 0 ! illum9ant select$1 ! ma*9]y = ! g5]ation ( ! requisite curr5t be+ design$ = in/allation 9 ! orig9al t[]4 ,b ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury's exposure to ! elem5ts _h r5d]$ ?is build+ some:at too weak to c>ry ! requisite heavy l5ses & ma*9]y1 s a new t[] 0 project$4 ,! old light 0 kept go+ :ile its successor sprang up alongside2 :5 ! latt] 0 complet$1 ! oil light 9 ! fam\s old t[] 0 ext+ui%$ = ev] & ! build+ demoli%$4 ,! new ligh?\se is a f9e /ructure4 ,at ! foot ( ! t[] is a spaci\s1 well-light$1 & arti/ic "o-floor build+ h\s+ ! electrical ma*9]y z well z ! (fice4 ,! domiciles = ! keep]s & ! eng9e]s are plac$ on ei!r side ( ! spread+ lawn surr\nd+ ! /ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?ree ,,/rik+ ,,gu>dians ,,oe ,,! ,,%ore ,,( ,,new ,,s\? ,,wales4 #a4 ,gre5 ,cape ,ligh?\se4 #b4 ,! s5t9el ( ,sug> ,loaf ,po9t1 or ,seal ,rocks4 #c4 8,bung>ee ,norah0 /ation1 "o ( ! lonelie/ on ! coa/4 ,! mo/ s\!rly light ^u ! ,new ,s\? ,wales coa/l9e is t at ,gre5 ,cape1 a few miles nor? ( ,cape ,h[e4 ,z at ! o!r /ations1 ?ree keep]s are ma9ta9$1 be+ accommodat$1 ) _! families1 9 roomy cottages2 :ile a small pat* ( l& is turn$ to agricultural advantage1 c[s1 horses1 etc41 be+ ma9ta9$ by ! m54 ,! mo/ ea/]ly light on ! ,au/ralian cont95t is at ,cape ,byron4 ,?is light is p]*$ on a dang]\s cliff1 :i* drops almo/ v]tically into ! wat] #cga feet bel[2 b x is )9 t\* ( civilization1 a w9d+ road hav+ be5 cut d[n ! flank ( ! promontory on ! l& side into ! neighb\r+ t[n ( ,byron ,bay1 s t ! tradesm5's c>ts are able to make _! r\nds up ! cliff to satisfy ! v>i$ wants ( ! w>d5s ( ! light4 ,"o ( ! lonelie/ lights is t on ,norah ,head--,bung>ee ,norah x is call$--& ?is is also ! late/ light erect$ by ! ,/ate1 z x dates f #aijc4 ,al?\gh some:at out ( ! way1 x is n to be comp>$ ) "s ( ! isolat$ ,briti%1 ,canadian1 & ,unit$ ,/ates lights1 be+1 9 fact1 no m inaccessible or lonely ?an mo/ localities 9 ! ,au/ralian ,bu%4 ,sug>-,loaf ,po9t is "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s dang] spots along ! %orel9e1 b is n[ well gu>d$ ) a f9e ligh?\se plant$ on its summit1 ! welcome rays ( :i* are visible = _m miles out to sea4 ,! light-keep]s "h _h a surpris+ discov]y "o morn+ 9 #aiaj4 ,! ,sat>a f\l$ ! po9t & 0 wreck$1 ?\gh =tunately h] pass5g]s 7 succ\r$ by pass+ /eam]s4 ,on ?is vessel at ! "t ( ! disa/] !re 0 a /agh\nd1 & al?\gh1 :5 ! rescues 7 effect$1 se>* = ! animal 0 made high & l[ on ! wreck1 no signs ( x c\ld be se54 ,x 0 giv5 up z lo/4 ,"s days lat] ! ligh?\se-keep]s v5tur$ to ! bea* bel[ to h a look r\nd1 & to _! a/oni%m5t a /agh\nd come b\nd+ t[>ds !m1 yelp+ ) joy at ! sight ( a human face4 ,= a dog to be 9 su* a lonely spot 0 a /range circum/ance1 b at la/ x 0 surmis$ to be ! animal :i* 0 miss$ on ! ,sat>a4 ,app>5tly ! animal clung to ! crippl$ craft = "s "t1 & !n1 realiz+ t ! %ip 0 ab&on$1 div$ ov]bo>d & swam a%ore4 ,x frat]niz$ ) ! keep]s1 & = "s "t kept !m company at ! /ation4 ,"o ( ! wor/ wrecks :i* h happ5$ ^u ! %ores ( ,new ,s\? ,wales 0 t ( ! /eam] ,ly-ce-moon4 ,by "s inexplicable means ! %ip got out ( h] c\rse on a f9e ,sunday night1 & came to grief (f ,gre5 ,cape4 ,! ligh?\se-keep]s at once hurri$ to ! rescue1 ! hapless pass5g]s1 z !y 7 got a%ore1 be+ t5d$ at ! /ation until !y 7 remov$ to _! homes4 ,! ligh?\se-keep]s work$ trem5d\sly h>d1 b !y 7 n entirely successful4 ,al?\gh by h]culean ef=t !y br\ght a l>ge numb] ( p to safety1 !re is a small f5c$ enclosure 9 ! ,bu% beh9d ! /ation :]e lie ! rema9s ( "s fifty p]sons :o lo/ _! lives 9 ! wreck1 & ^: bodies 7 wa%$ a%ore4 ,:ile ,new ,s\? ,wales has a comp>atively easy l5g? ( coa/l9e to protect1 ! neighb\r+ colony ( ,new ,zeal&1 on ! o!r h&1 has a wild1 =bidd+1 & ext5sive /ret* ( %ore4 ,up to ! pres5t ! ,gov]nm5t has conc5trat$ its en]gies ^u ! illum9ation ( ! busie/ rea*es ( wat]1 & has plant$ prom95t outpo/s at ! respective extreme tips ( ! tw9 isl&s4 ,dur+ ! f9ancial ye> end+ ,m>* #ca1 #aiab1 sixte5 wrecks occurr$ 9 ^! seas1 ( :i* six 7 total losses4 ,! mo/ ill-fam$ corn] appe>s to be ! l>ge sweep+ ind5tation at ! s\!rn end ( ,nor? ,isl&1 ly+ betwe5 ,cape ,egmont & ,well+ton1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! vic9ity ( ,wanganui1 s9ce ?is /ret* ( coa/ claim$ five victims4 ,cook's ,/rait1 :i* is dang]\s to navigators1 is well protect$1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ prom95t beacon be+ t on ,/eph5s ,isl&1 its gr\p-fla%es1 occurr+ e ?irty seconds1 be+ p>ticul>ly p[]ful1 & hav+ a range ( ?irty-two miles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cape ,,byron ,,ligh?\se1 ,,new ,,s\? ,,wales4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,macqu>ie ,,ligh?\se1 ,,s\? ,,head ,,( ,,sydney ,,h>b\r1 ,,new ,,s\? ,,wales4 ,! orig9al t[]1 erect$ 9 #ahaf1 0 ! fir/ ligh?\se built 9 ! ,/ate4 ,9 #ahhb x made way = ! pres5t magnific5t /ation4 ,! ,m>9e ,dep>tm5t ma9ta9s ?irty-two coa/al lights1 ( :i* tw5ty-two are on ! ma9l&1 & t5 situate on isl&s (f ! coa/4 ,!y are ( a v>i$ description1 rang+ f p[]ful lights ( ! fir/ ord] to beacons dep5d5t ^u dissolv$ acetyl5e1 /or$ 9 cyl9d]s ( suffici5t capacity to keep ! light gleam+ = sixty days cont9u\sly4 ,"s ( ! places 9 :i* ! w>n+ lights are plac$ are exce$+ly lonely & inaccessible1 s t ! p]fection ( ! unatt5d$ light has solv$ a complex problem1 & has enabl$ _m t]rible /ret*es ( =bidd+ coa/ to be well indicat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,pa9t+ ,,! ,,tr\bridge ,,ligh?\se1 ,,s\? ,,au/ralia4 ,keep+ ! build+ 9 repair is "o ( ! ligh?\se-keep]s' duties4 ,?is is especially urg5t 9 ! case ( an iron /ructure4 ,?is t[] is #gh feet high1 ! light be+ visible = #ae miles4 ,! fir/ t[] to be br\ght into s]vice 9 ,new ,zeal& 0 t on ,p5c>r[ ,head1 to indicate ! entrance to ! inlet 9 :i* ,well+ton ne/les4 ,x %$ its rays = ! fir/ "t on ,new ,ye>'s ,day1 #ahei4 ,x is an iron /ructure1 f ! top ( :i* a fix$ :ite light may be pick$ up by a vessel tw5ty-sev5 miles (f ! coa/4 ,! iron _h to be prep>$ & %ap$ 9 ,engl&1 z !re 0 no f\ndry 9 ! isl&s at t "t capable ( execut+ ! "w4 ,! build+ 0 %ipp$ to ,new ,zeal& 9 sections & erect$4 ,to-day1 ow+ to ! gr[? ( ! iron indu/ry1 ! c\ntry c supply all its own ne$s 9 ?is field )\t difficulty1 b 9 all cases ! lant]ns1 me*anism1 & l5ses1 h to be acquir$ 9 ,europe4 ,z may be imag9$1 ) su* a rugg$ coa/l9e z ,new ,zeal& possesses1 "s ( ! /ations are t]ribly lonely & difficult ( access1 ow+ to ! trea*]\s nature ( ! wat]s ov] :i* !y m\nt gu>d4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,bro!rs light1 :i* is situat$ on an expos$ rock 9 ,cook's ,/rait1 ?ree keep]s are ma9ta9$ at ea* isl& ligh?\se--"o z relief--& at ! m isolat$ ma9l& lights4 ,^? ( ! latt] /ations :i* are )9 easy rea* ( civilization h only two keep]s4 ,! ,bro!rs light1 :i* is ,new ,zeal&'s mo/ lonely /ation1 has f\r keep]s1 ?ree on ! rock at "o "t1 :ile ! f\r? is a%ore4 ,! spell ( s]vice on ! rock is ?ree mon?s1 foll[$ by "o mon?'s leave4 ,! wives & families ( ! m5 reside at ,well+ton4 ,! au?orities1 h[ev]1 d n condemn ! light-keep] to "o /ation ?r\gh\t 8 :ole t]m ( s]vice4 ,he und]goes frequ5t transf]5ce1 s t all may h a turn at good & bad /ations4 ,! duration ( ! /ay at ea* light av]ages ab\t ?ree ye>s1 s t !re is v little possibility ( ^! pati5t1 long-suff]+ /alw>ts be+ condemn$ to su* a p]iod ( lonel9ess z to provoke taciturnity & melan*olia4 ,! keep] ( ! ligh?\se light 9 ,new ,zeal& is z well provid$ = z 8 colleague 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w4 ,:5 he ent]s ! s]vice1 he is plac$ on probation z assi/ant keep] = six mon?s1 at an annual sal>y ( #ij1 or #dej4 ,em]g+ f ?is ordeal satisfactorily1 he f9ds 8 sal>y increas$ at once to #ajj1 or #ejj1 p] annum1 ris+ by increm5ts ( #aj e two ye>s1 until x rea*es #acj1 or #fej1 p] annum4 ,x rema9s at ?is figure until he is promot$ to ! position ( head-keep]1 :i* po/ br+s an annual wage ( #adj1 or #gjj1 ris+ by bi5nial increm5ts ( #aj to a maximum annual remun]ation ( #ahj1 or #ijj4 ,9 addition to ! =ego+ scale1 a keep] receives an extra annual /ation all[ance ( #aj 9 ! case ( ?ird-class /ations1 :i* are ^? on lonely rocks & isl&s1 & #e 9 ! case ( /ations :i* are n isolat$ or difficult ( access4 ,all keep]s 9 ! s]vice live r5t-free1 & are suppli$ ) coal & oil1 toge!r ) ! free use ( suffici5t l&1 if available1 to prep>e g>d5s1 z well z graz+ = two or ?ree c[s & a few %eep1 etc42 :ile _! /ores & provisions are c>ri$ )\t *>ge by ! ,gov]nm5t /eam] ,h9emoa4 ,?is vessel is reta9$ solely = att5d+ ^u ! ligh?\ses & buoys1 & visits e light1 save 9 exceptionally r\gh wea!r1 once 9 ?ree mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,gre5 ,,po9t ,,ligh?\se1 ,,natal4 ,a well-kn[n ,s\? ,african w>n+ ) a range ( #bc miles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pacific ,,outpo/ ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,! ,san ,francisco ,light%ip ?r[s a fla%+ electric beam ( #gjj c&le-p[] & is fitt$ also ) ! subm>9e bell4 ,at all ! isolat$ & rock /ations l&+ is a haz>d\s task1 ev5 "u ! mo/ fav\rable conditions4 ,! swell & curr5ts break+ ^u ! rocks r5d] x impossible = freight & m5 to be l&$ direct f ! /eam] to ! rock4 ,consequ5tly all ! "w has to be c>ri$ out by means ( surf-boats1 & heavy dr5*+s f break+ waves1 & excit+ mom5ts1 are unavoidable4 ,at times ! task assumes exceptional difficulty1 & is att5d$ ) fatal mi%aps4 ,on ,june #b1 #ahii1 ! ,h9emoa /ood 9 t[>ds ! ,ea/ ,cape1 ! mo/ ea/]ly promontory on ! isl&s1 on ! s\!rn arm enclos+ ! ,bay ( ,pl5ty4 ,! sea look$ wick$1 b ! reliev+ %ip decid$ to g ahead ) its "w4 ,all w5t well until a heavy roll] sudd5ly came 9 & caught "o ( ! boats at a disadvantage4 ,! craft 0 capsiz$ be=e ! crew realiz$ _! position1 & ! *ief (fic]1 ) ?ree ( 8 m51 0 dr[n$4 ,su* is "o ( ! p5alties :i* h be5 exact$ by ! rel5tless sea1 :ile c\rage\s m5 h be5 engag$ 9 ! risky occupation ( keep+ ! coa/ lights %9+ = ! guidance ( seaf>]s4 ,! ,new ,zeal& %ores h be5 ! sc5es ( "s he>tr5d+ cata/rophes4 ,! /eam%ip ,t>>ua1 ( #efc tons regi/]1 0 mak+ h] way f ,dun$9 to ! ,bluff1 :5 %e cra%$ on to ! reef :i* juts seaw>d f ,waipapapa ,po9t4 ,!re 0 no light to w>n ! %ip--h5ce ! accid5t4 ,! vessel1 batt]$ by sl$ge-hamm] seas1 broke up v rapidly1 & #acj pass5g]s lo/ _! lives4 ,if ! po9t _h be5 gu>d$1 no accid5t w\ld h happ5$4 ,n[ a second-ord] dioptric fla%+ light ( t5 seconds gu>ds ! reef1 & may be se5 f a di/ance ( ?irte5 & a half miles4 ,ano!r calamity 0 ! loss ( ! ,hudd>t ,p>k] l9] on a dang] spot kn[n z ! ,?ree ,k+s ,rock4 ,! fe>some "* ( ?is p]il has be5 recogniz$ = _m ye>s pa/1 b1 z x is to be m>k$ by a light suit$ to ! locality1 x is hop$ t its evil h>ve/ w come to an end4 ,yet at ! same "t x mu/ be po9t$ out t ! provision ( a light does n always prev5t a wreck ev5 9 ! cle>e/ wea!r1 ow+ to ! weakness ( human nature4 ,?is 0 prov$ by ! /eam%ip ,triumph1 ( #a1gig tons regi/]4 ,%e left ,auckl& on ! night ( ,novemb] #bi1 #ahhc1 pick$ up ! ,tiri-,tiri ,isl& light--?is fix$ /> c be se5 f a di/ance ( tw5ty-f\r miles--& yet )9 two h\rs ( h] sail+ 0 wreck$ almo/ "u ! ligh?\se4 ,9 ?is in/ance gross neglig5ce 0 only too palpable1 & ! c\rt ( inquiry1 aft] its inve/igation ( ! wreck1 signifi$ its op9ion ( ! c>elessness display$ by susp5d+ ! c]tificate ( ! ma/] = ?ree ye>s1 & t ( ! *ief (fic] = six mon?s4 ,ap>t f ,cook's ,/rait1 ! n>r[ passage betwe5 ! two isl&s1 ! extreme po9ts ( ! c\ntry are well gu>d$1 ! t[]s = ! mo/ "p be+ locat$ ^u ! prom95t headl&s4 ,! s\!rn extremity ( ! ,s\? ,isl& is a dang]\s coa/ to navigate1 s9ce go+ ea/1 aft] ! ,puysegur ,po9t t5 seconds fla%+ light is dropp$ at a di/ance ( n9ete5 miles f ! headl&1 ! vessel's c\rse is set to trav]se ,foveaux ,/rait1 betwe5 ! ma9l& & ,/ew>t ,isl&4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! neck ( wat] is an om9\s rock1 ,c5tre ,isl&1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is well gu>d$ by a fir/-ord] catadioptric fix$ light1 %9+ f a wood5 t[]1 ! range ( :i* ext5ds = tw5ty-two & a half miles1 ) r$ arcs m>k+ ! in%ore dang]s4 ,ov]lapp+ ?is beacon's field ( patrol is a light m\nt$ on ,dog ,isl&1 revolv+ once 9 ?irty seconds1 & visible = eighte5 miles1 :i* 9 turn meets ! ,waipapapa light4 ,?us ! approa* to ,inv]c>gill is well indicat$1 &1 ) ! ea/ coa/ promontories all protect$1 ! possibility ( a repetition ( ! ,t>>ua disa/] is r5d]$ remote4 ,on ! extreme nor!rn tip ( ! si/] isle1 ! headl& kn[n z ,cape ,m>ia ,van ,diem5 c>ries a fir/-ord] dioptric light1 revolv+ once a m9ute1 illum9at+ a circle ( sea hav+ a radius ( tw5ty-f\r & a half miles4 ,! adjac5t headl& at ! opposite corn] ( ?is spit1 ,nor? ,cape1 has n be5 protect$ hi!rto2 b ?is defici5cy is n[ be+ rem$i$ by ! erection ( a second-ord]1 inc&esc5t1 gr\p-fla%+ :ite light1 giv+ ?ree fla%es 9 quick succession e half-m9ute4 ,! brilliant illum9ation ( ?is "p ( ! coa/ is imp]ative1 inasmu* z %ipp+ b\nd = & f ,auckl& has to be> r\nd ?is heavily ind5t$ & rock-/rewn coa/4 ,! entrance to ,auckl& h>b\r 9 p>ticul> is disconc]t+1 b ! navigator is assi/$ by ! fri5dly gu>dians plac$ on ,cape ,brett1 ,moko ,h9\1 & ,tiri-,tiri1 :i* h ranges ( ?irty & a half1 tw5ty-six1 & tw5ty-f\r miles1 respectively4 ,! task ( ! m>9]1 h[ev]1 is to be fur!r simplifi$ by ! erection ( ano!r p[]ful light on ,*ick5 ,isl&1 9 ! ,hauraki ,gulf1 :i* w ov]lap ! ,moko ,h9\ & ,tiri-,tiri lights4 ,:5 ?is light & t at ,nor? ,cape are plac$ 9 commission1 ! sea betwe5 ,cape ,m>ia ,van ,diem5 & ,auckl& w be v well light$1 & w (f] ! %ip's ma/] few causes = compla9t4 ,two o!r po9ts are be+ equipp$1 ,ca/le ,po9t & ,cape ,t]a:iti1 ! =m] ) a second-ord]1 inc&esc5t1 gr\p-fla%+ :ite light1 fla%+ at int]vals ( =ty-five seconds1 ) p]iods ( d>kness la/+ eight seconds betwe5 ea* gr\p4 ,:ile ! majority ( ! ,new ,zeal& coa/al lights are att5d$1 c]ta9 beacons1 f _! expos$ position1 come 9 ! category ( unatt5d$ lights1 z describ$ else:]e4 ,^! burn acetyl5e gas1 & are replac$ ) fre% supplies ( dissolv$ acetyl5e e ?ree mon?s by ! ,h9emoa4 ,simultane\sly ) ! provision ( additional beacons ! exi/+ lights are be+ ov]haul$ & fitt$ ) mod]n app>atus1 r5d]+ !m m reliable1 economical1 & ( great] p[]4 ,:5 ! s]vice 0 e/abli%$1 ! ,doty burn]1 us+ p>aff9-oil1 0 adopt$2 b ! p]fection ( ! inc&esc5t oil sy/em1 & its _m advantages ov] t 9 vogue1 h influ5c$ ! ,gov]nm5t t[>ds its adoption4 ,! trans=mation w be complet$ z soon z practicable1 ! "w be+ 9 active progress1 z ma9t5ance exp5ses are r$uc$ appreciably !reby1 because k]os5e1 a *eap] oil1 is us$ 9 lieu ( p>aff91 :ile1 fur!rmore1 less oil is burn$ "u ! inc&esc5t sy/em4 ,be=e _m ye>s h pass$1 ! coa/s ( ,new ,zeal& w be z adequately protect$ z is humanly possible by a complete *a9 ( coa/al lights1 :i* is be+ =g$ z rapidly z ! circum/ances p]mit4 ,! ,gov]nm5t has revis$ its light-dues 9 ord] to meet ! increas$ exp5diture 9 connection ) ! ligh?\se s]vice4 ,vessels arriv+ f outside ! ,dom9ion h to pay ov]sea light-dues at ! fir/ port ( call1 & coa/al dues at all o!r ,new ,zeal& ports :i* !y t\*2 :ile vessels arriv+ f ! ,*a?am1 ,auckl&1 ,campbell1 ,antipodes1 & ,b\nty ,isl&s also h to contribute to ! funds4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,! ,,signpo/s ,,( ,,! ,,s&banks ,al?\gh by d9t ( great ef=t & ! exp5diture ( consid]able +5uity ! ligh?\se eng9e] has succe$$ 9 erect+ a p]man5t masonry t[] ^u a f\ndation no m sub/antial ?an quicks&1 yet ! g5]al me?od ( indicat+ ^! m5aces is by ! aid ( a light%ip4 ,9 ?is way ! e/u>ies lead+ to ! great ports ( ! _w1 :i* are litt]$ ) ridges1 humps1 & m\nds1 ( mud & s& br\ght d[n by ! riv] or ?r[n up by ! sea1 are gu>d$ v completely4 ,!re is ! ,nore light%ip at ! entrance to ! ,?ames1 ! ,b> & ,nor?-,we/ light%ips (f ! m\? ( ! ,m]sey1 ,fire ,isl& ne> ! portal to ,new ,york1 & s on4 ,simil>ly1 ! :]eab\ts ( huge /ret*es ( s& ly+ (f a coa/1 :i* ei!r defy detection altoge!r or only p>tially expose !mselves at l[-wat]1 & :i* con/itute c]ta9 dea?-traps1 are %[n4 ,! mo/ /rik+ illu/rations ( ?is application are suppli$ by ! ,goodw9 ,s&s1 ! subm]g$ s&y plateau ly+ (f ! ea/ coa/ ( ,engl&1 & by ! s]ri$ r[s ( ridges runn+ sev5 & a half miles out to sea f ,cape ,hatt]as1 ! ill-fam$ headl& ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,! utilization ( ! light%ip1 h[ev]1 is n re/rict$ by any means to m>k+ %oals & s&banks4 ,"h & !re are clu/]s ( rocks ob/ruct+ ! ocean highway1 :i* f _! extremely expos$ "* w\ld (f] ! eng9e] a se>*+ & exp5sive problem to solve1 & :i*1 accord+ly1 are protect$ by a float+ light4 ,b1 tak5 on ! :ole1 ! light%ip is us$ v sp>+ly4 ,if x is at all possible to provide a p]man5t /ructure1 ev5 at an app>5tly prohibitive co/1 ^u a dang] spot1 ?is practice is foll[$ 9 pref]5ce to ! moor+ ( a light-vessel !reto4 ,a masonry t[] is /ation>y 9 its resi/ance to ! assaults ( ! wilde/ tempe/1 b ! light%ip sw+s l a cork at ! free end ( a *a94 ,at times x drags its an*ors1 & !reby unconsci\sly %ifts its position1 s t x may ?r[ its light f "s di/ance beyond ! actual area ( dang]4 ,aga91 a light%ip1 al?\gh n co/ly 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 is some:at exp5sive to ma9ta94 ,x _c )/& ! p\nd+s ( ! waves & ! =ce ( ! w9d = long )\t develop+ "s signs ( weakness4 ,x may ride ov] its reef or %oal = sev]al ye>s1 b depreciation is sure to set 91 s t at la/ x becomes too decrepit to be tru/$4 ,moreov]1 ! numb] ( m5 requir$ to man a light%ip exce$s ! =ce necess>y to ma9ta9 a ligh?\se4 ,light%ips foll[ mu* ! same g5]al %ape & con/ruction ! :ole _w ov]4 ,!re is v little opportunity to dep>t f well-tri$ l9es2 ! exp]i5ce ( a c5tury & m has indicat$ conclusively ! =m ( hull1 z reg>ds bo? mat]ial & %ape1 be/ adapt$ to ! peculi> "w :i* has to be fulfill$4 ,! mod]n light%ip is ess5tially a ,briti% idea1 ! fir/ float+ beacon ( ?is description hav+ be5 built & plac$ 9 ! m\? ( ! ,?ames z f> back z #agac4 ,f ?is small beg9n+1 :i* virtually 0 an exp]im5t1 has gr[n ! l>ge fleet ( light-vessels scatt]$ all ov] ! globe4 ,! craft is /urdily built1 &1 al?\gh ( clumsy appe>ance1 is capable ( )/&+ ! onslaughts ( ! fi]ce/ gales4 ,int]nally x is made z snug z possible1 b ! opportunities 9 ?is direction are n v ext5sive1 z ! beacon is built prim>ily to protect %ips & lives aga9/ accid5t1 & com=t is necess>ily made subord9ate to reliability1 durability1 & s]viceability4 ,a m]e hulk w\ld be ! mo/ apt description z appli$ to ! av]age light%ip4 ,x is int5d$ to cl+ to "o spot ?r\gh ?ick & ?91 & n to move ab\t4 ,9 ! majority ( in/ances ! vessel is )\t any propell+ or sail+ accessories4 ,if x %\ld happ5 to break its lea%es1 x !n becomes ! sport ( ! waves1 z helpless z a d]elict1 until its signals ( di/ress are espi$ & x is pick$ up by a pass+ vessel4 ,al?\gh e precaution is adopt$ to pres]ve ! light%ip f ?is mi%ap1 :5 ! waves become exceptionally heavy & viol5t ! /ronge/ *a9s are apt to snap "u ! saw+ & tugg+ ( ! vessel4 ,9 "o or two in/ances lively times h be5 exp]i5c$ by ! h&ful ( m5 on bo>d1 especially (f ! wick$ /ret*es ( ! ,am]ican seabo>d :i* is expos$ to ! attack ( hurricane & cyclone4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,paul1 ,p5zance4 ,,! 8,,sev5-,,/ones0 ,,light%ip4 ,?is vessel1 probably occupy+ ! mo/ expos$ position ar\nd ,engl&1 m>ks a t]rible dang] spot (f ! ,corni% coa/4 ,9 h] helplessness1 ! light-vessel dep5ds ^u ! fri5dly aid ( any craft4 ,! rescu] may be ! al]t t5d]1 :i*1 hav+ receiv$ intimation t ! float+ beacon has got adrift1 raises /eam 9 all ha/e1 hurries out1 sc\rs ! seas = ! w&]]1 recov]s & re*a9s h] to ! dang] spot bel[4 ,or x may be t a pass+ /eam] sights ! breakaway1 retrieves & re/ores h] to ! allott$ position1 mak+ h] tempor>ily secure1 & report+ h] condition :5 pass+ or ent]+ a port4 ,! light%ip may be id5tifi$ easily4 ,!re is no?+ inspir+ ab\t h] l9es4 ,h] ugly hull1 built = /r5g? & n beauty1 is pa9t$ r$1 black1 or :ite1 accord+ to ! col\r practice ( ! c\ntry to :i* %e belongs1 :ile on h] sides 9 huge lett]s1 /ret*+ almo/ f wat]-l9e to taffrail1 is ! "n ( h] /ation1 8,nore10 8,sev5 ,/ones10 8,nord]ney10 8,ruyt+510 8,fire ,isl&10 or :atev] x may be4 ,nor is ?is ! sole means ( id5tification4 ,f af> ! m>9] le>ns h] "* & bus9ess by a huge skeleton sph]e1 a triangul> cage1 or "s o!r device1 c>ri$ at ! top ( ! ma/ or ma/s4 ,at night a lant]n1 entirely surr\nd+ ! ma/1 & l>ge en\gh to enable a p]son to /& upright )9 to trim ! lamps1 ?r[s its w>n+ gl>e f an elevation ab\t halfway betwe5 ! deck & ! ma/-top ) ! int5sity ( #ab1jjj or m c&les4 ,oil is ! illum9ant mo/ g5]ally employ$ = ! purpose1 al?\gh 9 "o or two in/ances electric light is us$4 ,! specific purpose ( ! light%ip1 z already m5tion$1 is to w>n pass+ vessels4 ,b ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 :5 !y made an elaborate inve/igation ( _! light%ip s]vice ) a view to its mod]nization & elaboration1 discov]$ t at times ! float+ signpo/ fulfils ano!r & un(ficial duty4 ,! entrance to ,/4 ,malo ,h>b\r is flank$ by an unev5 gr\p ( rocks ly+ ab\t midway betwe5 ! ,fr5* coa/ & ! isl& ( ,j]sey4 ,?\gh a t]rible spot = m>9]s1 x is "o ( incalculable value to ! /urdy ,fr5* & ,j]sey fi%]m51 z 9 ! wat]s ar\nd ^! b>ri]s ri* hauls may be made ) ! net2 inde$1 ! fi%+ indu/ry "h af=ds employm5t = sev]al score ( p]sons4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t contemplat$ ! )drawal ( ! light%ip m>k+ ! ,m9qui]s1 z ^! rocks are call$1 & ! sub/itution 9 its /ead ( a numb] ( p[]ful automatic buoys :i* w\ld indicate ! exact position ( ! mo/ conspicu\s dang]s1 :]eas ! light%ip only indicat$ _! g5]al :]eab\ts1 compell+ m>9]s to calculate _! di/ances f ! p]il1 :i*1 by ! way1 0 no easy matt] ow+ to ! %ort range ( ! beacon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,san ,,francisco0 ,,light%ip4 ,?is vessel1 rid+ 9 #ah fa?oms1 m>ks ! entrance to ! ,gold5 ,gate & ,san ,francisco ,bay4 ,be=e mak+ a decision1 ! ,commission int]view$ ! ,fr5* fi%]m5 to asc]ta9 _! views ^u ! subject4 ,to _! int5se surprise1 a sugge/ion :i* !y ?\ght w\ld be receiv$ ) unmix$ approval 0 condemn$ unequivocally4 ,!re 0 n a s+le fi%]man :o c\ld be f\nd to support ! buoy sy/em4 ,! unanimity ( ! objection ar\s$ suspicions1 & fur!r inve/igation 0 made to probe ! cause ( ?is unveil$ ho/ility4 ,! answ] 0 f\nd )\t ef=t4 ,! fi%]m5 pu%$ (f 9 _! boats e night to ! gr\nds1 b !y did n sp5d ! :ole ( _! "t ?r[+ & haul+ _! nets4 ,:5 _! luck 0 91 or !y 7 satisfi$ ) ! cat*1 "o & all pull$ = ! light%ip4 ,!re 0 n ano!r caf )9 a doz5 miles1 & fi%+ is ?ir/y "w4 ,s ! light%ip 0 conv]t$ into a nocturnal ho/elry4 ,! keep]s *>g$ ! glasses1 & ! capta9s c\rage\s sipp$ & quaff$ to a :i/l+ accompanim5t1 f9ally indulg+ 9 t]psi*orean acts on ! light%ip's decks1 to give v5t to _! exub]ant spirits4 ,!y did n c>e :e!r ! light ov]head 7 ?r[+ its yell[ beams ov] ! wat]s or n4 ,!y made m]ry1 & kept up ! orgy until ! approa*+ dawn or ! wat* %[$ t x 0 high "t to pull = ! %ore ) _! cat*es4 ,x 0 a =tunate circum/ance = ^! happy-g-lucky spirits t ! beacon 0 n reg>d$ by m>9]s z ( mu* utility at night1 ow+ to ! feebl5ess ( its light4 ,if seaf>]s fail$ to pick up ! ,m9qui]s's %imm]+ />1 !y attribut$ ! obscurity to ! haze4 ,t 0 all4 ,?is revelation1 ne$less to say1 cl9*$ ! ,commission's decision4 ,to-day f\r unatt5d$ gas-buoys m\nt vigil ov] ^! rocks1 & ! rollick+ days on ! float+ caf *antant are kn[n no m4 ,! av]age crew = a light%ip numb]s "s sev5 m5 "u a capta9 & mate1 :o take x 9 turns to h *>ge ( ! vessel1 ! second (ficial be+ responsible dur+ ! =m]'s spell ( leave on %ore4 ,! crew is n a man too _m1 ow+ to ! sev]al & v>i$ duties to be p]=m$1 especially :5 ! /orm-fi5d is r\s$ or fog pays a visit4 ,! arrival ( ! latt] dem&s ! foghorn's m\rnful dirge to p5etrate ! d5se :ite curta94 ,"s ( ! vessels possess a hoot]1 ! unmusical wail ( :i* 9 its discordance is almo/ suffici5t to put false tee? on edge1 because a bla/ runs ?r\gh ! :ole *romatic gamut ) v>iations :i* w\ld />tle a disciple ( ,ts*aik[sky or ,wagn]4 ,b discordance 9 ?is in/ance is ( incalculable value4 ,! e> ( ! capta9 ( a pass+ vessel is unconsci\sly arre/$2 he c di/+ui% ! s\nd readily1 & by not+ its "* c id5tify ! p>ticul> light-vessel f :i* x proce$s1 al?\gh he _c get a glimpse ( h] =m4 ,! s\!rn coa/s ( ,engl&1 ow+ to ! d5sity ( ! m>itime traffic1 especially on bo? sides ( ! bottle-neck =m$ by ! ,/raits ( ,dov]1 are well patroll$ by ?is =m ( w>n+ :i* supplem5ts ! ligh?\ses4 ,^? gu>d+ ! dread$ ,goodw9 ,s&s p]haps are ! mo/ important4 ,! crew ( a vessel 9 ^! wat]s is busy ?r\gh\t ! day & night ev5 9 calm1 cle> wea!r1 & ! feel+ ( isolation is n s pron\nc$1 s9ce ! cont9u\s sight ( traffic dispels despond5cy4 ,! ,nore light is ano!r /ation :i* enc\nt]s v few m9utes ( re/ ?r\gh\t ! complete revolution ( ! clock h&s2 especially is ?is ! case :5 fog settles d[n1 r5d]+ ! ,?ames inapproa*able1 s t incom+ craft h to l9e up 9 long queues1 ready to da% =w>d directly ! pall lifts suffici5tly = !m to see #ajj y>ds ahead4 ,!re h be5 "s excit+ incid5ts among ! lights /rung ar\nd ! s\?-ea/]n toe ( ,engl&4 ,! vessel outside ,dov] h>b\r appe>s to be p>ticul>ly unlucky1 or to ex]cise su* a peculi> magnetism ^u pass+ vessels t !y mu/ ne$s embrace h]4 ,?is is ! p]il t a light%ip crew dreads m ?an any o!r4 ,c]ta9ly x seems a sorry trick ( ,=tune t occasionally ! work]s 9 ! cause ( humanity %\ld be compell$ to fight desp]ately = _! lives f a bl[ inflict$ by ! v int]e/s !y /rive might & ma9 to protect4 ,! ,dov] light 0 s5t to ! bottom twice )9 a v %ort "t1 & 9 ea* in/ance ! m5 7 rescu$ only 9 ! nick ( "t4 ,on ano!r occasion a relief light%ip 0 be+ t[$ to a /ation on ! ea/ coa/1 ! act+ vessel be+ mu* 9 ne$ ( ov]haul & repair4 ,! tug lab\r$ ?r\gh ! ,nor? ,sea ) h] *>ge1 & j be=e daybreak sight$ ! tw9kl+ light :i* 0 h] goal4 ,%e eas$ up1 mean+ to /& by ) h] *>ge until ! beacon's r\nd ( vigilance %\ld be ov]1 & ! light ext+ui%$ be=e ! ga!r+ dawn4 ,h] crew saw ! light gr[ dimm]1 until x 0 no long] ( suffici5t p[] to p5etrate ! :it5+ haze4 ,) ! sun j creep+ ov] ! horizon ! tug weigh$ an*or1 &1 h]ald+ h] approa* vocif]\sly on ! sir51 /eam$ sl[ly t[>ds ! dang] spot4 ,to ! surprise ( ! capta91 !re came no answ]+ bl>e4 ,:5 he ?\ght he 0 alongside ! light-vessel he /opp$1 & ! haze lift$4 ,b !re 0 no sign ( ! light-vessel2 %e _h vani%$ completely4 ,! capta9 ( ! tug & ! ma/] ( ! relief-boat wond]$ :at _h happ5$1 b )\t m ado ! relief-%ip 0 moor$ 9 position1 & ! tug return$ home empty-h&$4 ,!re ! crew he>d "o ( ^? grim /ories sometimes relat$ 9 ! s]vice4 ,! light-keep]s _h sight$ ! tug ) ! relief-vessel1 & 7 anticipat+ ke5ly _! return to civilization1 :5 !re 0 a cra%6 ,a cliff ( /eel re>$ above !m l a knife-edge2 a vessel _h blund]$ into !m1 cutt+ _! home 9 two4 ,! next mom5t !y 7 %ot pell-mell into ! wat] z _! craft sank b5ea? _! feet4 ,on a calm day1 :5 ! light%ip is rid+ quietly at an*or1 & ! memb]s ( ! crew1 maybe1 are beguil+ ! t$ium by fi%+1 a pass]-by on a l9] is apt to consid] ! life "o ( quietness & enjoym5t1 albeit monoton\s4 ,b contra/ ?is placidity ) ! h\rs ( /orm4 ,!n ! unga9ly vessel wri!s & twi/s1 saws & rasps at ! *a9s :i* hold h] prison]4 ,at "o mom5t1 ) b[ uplift$1 %e is on ! cre/ ( a spray-envelop$ roll]2 ! next in/ant %e drives h] dipp+ nose into ! hiss+ :ite & gre5 valley1 mean:ile lur*+ & /agg]+ wildly z %e %ips a sea1 fir/ on ?is side & !n on t4 ,! plight ( ! ligh?\se-keep] 9 a gale is un5viable1 b x is f> & away pref]able to t ( ! light%ip crew "u simil> circum/ances4 ,! t[] may b[ slightly l a tree be=e ! /orm1 & ! waves may cause x to %iv] at times1 b t is ! only movem5t4 ,on ! light%ip ! crew appe> to be toss$1 roll$1 & spun1 9 all directions simultane\sly4 ,! deck becomes unt5able1 b ! m5 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duties h to grope & crawl f po9t to po9t1 hold+ on grimly ) bo? h&s :5 an angry sea d\*es !m4 ,! sph]ical ball ov]head gyrates 9 an amaz+ mann]1 z if x 7 a p5dulum bob box+ ! compass4 ,! crew h a /iff /ruggle1 to keep ev]y?+ bel[ safe & s\nd1 :ile ! waves1 z !y come abo>d1 ?ump on ! deck z if det]m9$ to sma% x to spl9t]s1 & to drive ! :ole fabric to ! bottom4 ,to be s unlucky z to be run d[n by a pass+ craft "u su* conditions is c]ta9 dea?1 z !re is no hope ( rescue 9 su* madd5$ seas4 ,! crew ( an ,engli% %ip em]g$ badly batt]$ f "o heavy gale4 ,two or ?ree roll]s got abo>d1 & drove _! bl[s well home1 pulv]iz+ ! lifeboat on deck1 & te>+ up /ret*es ( ! bulw>ks by ! roots4 ,! crew 7 flung ab\t l %uttlecocks4 ,"o ( ! h&s 0 mak+ 8 way cauti\sly along ! deck1 try+ to ma9ta9 equilibrium ^u an al>m+ incl9e1 :5 a break] /ruck him f beh9d4 ,he grabb$ ! ratl9s to secure himself1 b 8 h& 0 wr5*$ away1 & he 0 flung aga9/ ! ma/1 :]e ! wave left him4 ,he 0 half /unn$ by ! concussion1 b a comrade1 realiz+ 8 plight1 da%$ =w>d :ile ! vessel roll$ ov] 9 ! o!r direction1 grabb$ ! pro/rate =m by ! coll> ( its coat1 & dragg$ x into ! companion-way4 ,! man's face 0 disfigur$1 & :5 ba!d x 0 f\nd to h be5 cut1 or r bur/1 op5 f ! eye to ! *9 by ! =ce ( ! bl[4 ,bad wea!r t5ds to make ! crew despond5t at times1 inasmu* z its p]si/5cy holds !m prison]s1 s t !y _c get a%ore :5 ! relief day comes r\nd4 ,dur+ "s seasons ( ! ye> a delay ( t5 or twelve days is n uncommon1 ow+ to ! wea!r1 b ! m5 on ! relief t5d] are s us$ to h>d knocks & r\gh seas t !y d n wait = an absolute calm to a*ieve _! purpose4 ,heavy risks are incurr$ (t5 9 ord] to light5 ! lives ( ^? :o gu>d ! deep by br++ !m a%ore z ne> to ! s*$ul$ date z possible4 ,ano!r %ip t has to m\nt gu>d ov] a dang]\s corn] ( ! coa/ ( ,engl& is t :i* indicates ! clu/] ( rocks ly+ betwe5 ,l&'s ,end & ! ,scilly ,isles1 ab\t sixte5 miles (f ! ma9l&4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! reef is subm]g$1 b z ! wat] goes d[n sev5 ugly scatt]$ p9nacles ?ru/ !mselves into ! air4 ,!y are t]rible fangs ) :i* to rip out ! bottom ( a /eam]1 & !y h accompli%$ _! fell "w only too (t54 ,! numb] ( ! projections has giv5 its "n to ! gravey>d1 :i* is kn[n f> & wide z ! ,sev5 ,/ones1 ?\gh ! m>9] ref]s to !m simply z ,! ,/ones4 ,x w\ld be difficult to say (fh& :i* has claim$ ! great] numb] ( victims f ! m]cantile m>9e--! suck+1 glue-l s&s ( ! ,goodw9s1 or ! splitt+ granite tee? ( ! ,sev5 ,/ones2 !y run a close race = ill-fame4 ,! latt] lie "r 9 ! pa? ( vessels r\nd+ ! we/]n toe ( ,engl&1 & ! sea-b$ on all sides ( !m is litt]$ ) ! %iv]$ timb]s ( wood5 sail+-%ips1 ! spl9t]$ iron & /eel ( /eam]s1 & ! bones ( scores ( un=tunate pass5g]s & crews4 ,al?\gh a light ( #ab1jjj c&le-p[] /rives to w>n ! seaf>]1 n[ & aga9 !re is a miscalculation1 & ! intimation is convey$ to ! ma9l&3 8,%ip & all h&s lo/40 ,x 0 9 #ahda1 ow+ to ! frequ5cy & sev]ity ( ! disa/]s at ?is spot1 t ,tr9ity ,h\se decid$ to gu>d x ) a light%ip4 ,a ligh?\se w\ld be pref]able1 b !re is su* small foo?old = ! eng9e]1 & ! position is s fe>fully expos$1 t ! erection ( a masonry t[] w\ld prove a co/ly & t$i\s ent]prise4 ,s ! only feasible alt]native 0 adopt$1 & ! vessel is kept abrea/ ( mod]n developm5ts 9 ?is phase ( coa/ light+4 ,ly+ z x does 9 a some:at n>r[ *annel1 yet op5 to ! full roll ( ! t]rible we/]ly gales1 x meets ! ,atlantic ?und]+ ?r\gh ?is con/rict$ passage ) awe-inspir+ viol5ce4 ,x has (t5 suff]$ greatly f ! fury ( ! sea4 ,once a wave tumbl$ abo>d1 cra%$ a man aga9/ ! pump1 knock$ him half s5seless2 pick$ up ! lifeboat & ?rew x aga9/ ! deck-h\se1 & 9 s do+ caught ano!r memb] ( ! crew1 maul+ 8 ?igh badly 9 pass+4 ,two out ( ! sev5 m5 =m+ ! crew 7 ?us put hors de combat by a s+le wave4 ,! taut little vessel rides 9 #dj fa?oms ( wat]1 ab\t "o & a half miles ea/w>d ( ! dang] spot1 z ev5 a light%ip mu/ n be moor$ too closely to a ridge1 or %e h]self w\ld incur ! risk ( be+ p\nd$ to fragm5ts4 ,! ,fr5* ligh?\se s]vice has a magnific5t light%ip 9 ! ,ruyt+51 :i* rides 9 #fj feet ( wat] ov] a trea*]\s s&bank outside ,dunkirk4 ,x is a /eel vessel ab\t #ajj feet 9 l5g?1 & displaces 9 load$ condition ab\t #chg tons4 ,x is held 9 position by massive umbrella-l an*ors1 weigh+ "s #b tons1 :i*1 bury+ !mselves 9 ! gr\nd1 refuse to drag ev5 "u ! mo/ fe>ful tugs & j]ks impos$ by a gale1 :ile ! *a9s :i* hold ! %ip 9 lea% are able to give h] a run ( approximately #a1jjj feet4 ,! ,g]man coa/ is z dang]\s to approa*1 ow+ to ! %oals & banks1 z ! ea/]n %ores ( ,engl&1 & "o or two magnific5t light%ips h be5 built & /ation$ ov] ! mo/ notori\s dang] areas1 among :i* may be m5tion$ ! ,nord]ney & ,eid] vessels4 ,! latt] is ab\t #acc feet 9 l5g? by #bd feet wide1 & is fitt$ ) ?ree ma/s4 ,x ?r[s a fix$ :ite light1 :i* may be se5 on all sides f eight to elev5 miles away4 ,?is boat is fitt$ ) e mod]n device to increase its w>n+ p[]s & s]vice1 includ+ wireless telegraphy & ! subm>9e bell4 ,^! two latt] inv5tions h improv$ ! s]viceability ( ! light%ip to a va/ degree1 inasmu* z ! ocean l9]s & _m freight]s are equipp$ ) bo? ^! useful h&maids to navigation4 ,! toll+ ( ! bell "u wat] may be he>d = sev]al miles1 & conveys intimation ( ! approa* to dang] 9 foggy wea!r1 :5 ! sir5 or o!r fog-signal is some:at prec>i\s4 ,! ,nord]ney light%ip is probably "o ( ! f9e/ craft 9 op]ation ^u ! sev5 seas4 ,be=e x 0 design$ ! ,g]man eng9e]s c>ri$ out a ?or\gh inspection ( all ! mo/ mod]n light%ips 9 s]vice 9 ,europe1 & f ! results ( _! inve/igations contriv$ ?is magnific5t aid to navigation4 ,! vessel is ab\t #aej feet 9 l5g?1 & is built ( /eel4 ,! light is %[n f a lant]n fitt$ ) a ?ird-ord] p5dul> l5s c>ri$ at ! top ( a holl[ /eel ma/4 ,! illum9ant us$ is ,p9ts*'s oil-gas1 ) inc&esc5t mantle1 ! fuel be+ /or$ 9 res]voirs /[$ 9 ! hold ( ! %ip2 fre% supplies are br\ght out by ! t5d] at p]iodical int]vals4 ,weight-driv5 clockwork me*anism is employ$ to revolve ! lant]n4 ,! light is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful 9 ,european wat]s1 #ej1jjj c&le-p[] be+ emitt$ ) an inc&esc5t gas mantle hav+ a diamet] ( #cj millimetres 7#a in*es74 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission4 ,,! 8,,nord]ney0 ,,light%ip4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! _w4 ,! vessel is also equipp$ ) #bjj horse-p[] oil-eng9es1 driv+ an air-compressor = ! op]ation ( ! fog-sir51 ! air be+ /or$ 9 res]voirs 9 ! hold & ma9ta9$ at ! work+ pressure1 s t ! signal may be br\ght into s]vice at a mom5t's notice4 ,! vessel is also furni%$ ) a ,p9ts* subm>9e bell1 driv5 by compress$ air4 ,:5 n requir$1 ?is bell is h\s$ amid%ips on ! sp>-deck1 & :5 ! occasion arises = its s]vice x is l[]$ into ! wat] ?r\gh an op5 tube built 9 ! %ip = ?is purpose4 ,?is important light-vessel c>ries a full complem5t ( ?irte5 m51 includ+ ! capta91 mate1 & eng9e]4 ,! arrangem5t is1 "o-?ird ( ! crew on %ore-leave at a "t2 b ?is does n apply to ! w9t] mon?s1 :5 ! full numb] has to rema9 on bo>d1 ow+ to ! duties be+ m ardu\s & cont9u\s dur+ t season ( ! ye>4 8,fire ,isl&60 ,:at a ?rill ! s\nd ( ?is "n s5ds ?r\gh ! float+ t[n approa*+ ! ,new ,_w f ,europe4 ,its effect is magical among ! emigrants :o scan ! horizon eag]ly = ! fir/ glimpse ( ?is outpo/ ( ! new home1 9 :i* all _! hopes are c5tr$4 ,! sull5 r$ hull ( ?is flu%-deck1 s*oon]-rigg$ /eam-vessel1 ) h] two ma/s1 & "n pa9t$ 9 huge :ite lett]s on h] flanks1 rides 9 #if feet ( wat]1 n9e & ?ree-eigh? miles s\? ( ,fire ,isl& ligh?\se4 ,a few miles beyond is a simil> craft m>k+ ! ,nantucket ,%oals1 :5ce incom+ & outgo+ vessels are report$1 :ile ! end ( ! *a9 is 8,no4 #hg10 m>k+ ! ,ambrose ,*annel (f ! entrance to ,new ,york4 ,b ! light-vessel controll$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* occupies ! mo/ responsible & p]il\s po/ is ! ,diamond ,%oal1 (f ,cape ,hatt]as4 ,x ?r[s its w>n+ rays f a spot ab\t f\r & five-eigh? miles beyond ! mo/ seaw>d po9t ( ?is t]rible ocean gravey>d1 & is ?irte5 & five-eigh? miles di/ant f ,cape ,hatt]as light on ! ma9l&4 ,a long way f ! actual dang] spot1 y say1 b ! little squad ( m5 :o h to ma9ta9 ! light ?r\gh /orm & calm w tell y t ! situation1 9 #ahj feet ( wat]1 is q z ne> z is pleasant :5 !re is ! ev]-pres5t dang] ( an*ors be+ dragg$1 or ( ! craft break+ adrift "u ! =ce ( ! cyclonic di/urbances :i* ravage ?is s9i/] coa/4 ,ev5 9 calm wea!r ! relief-boat has _m anxi\s mom5ts1 ow+ to ! swell & curr5ts1 :ile /orms rise ) />tl+ sudd5ness4 ,:ile ! ex*ange ( m5 is be+ made & /ores are be+ transf]r$1 a ke5 look\t is kept by ! relief-boat h&s s z to be ready to cut & run = ! op5 sea ! mom5t ! cl\ds beg9 to collect om9\sly4 ,9 ^! latitudes ! wea!r is placid "o m9ute2 ! next ! elem5ts are wri?+ 9 fury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,fire ,,isl&0 ,,light%ip1 ,,! ,,atlantic ,,outpo/ ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,?is vessel rides 9 #if feet ( wat]1 #i miles s\? ( ! ,fire ,isl& ,ligh?\se4 ,probably ?is is ! mo/ dang]\s /ation on ! :ole seabo>d1 & if any heavy tr\ble is caus$ by ! tempe/1 ! ,diamond ,%oal inevitably be>s grim evid5ce ( ! conflict4 ,! skill ( ! eng9e]s is tax$ sorely to devise ways & means ( keep+ ! vessel 9 ! position %e is design$ to occupy1 b moor+s & an*ors mu/ be ( great weight & /r5g? to /& up aga9/ a w9d bl[+ eighty miles an h\r1 ) ! waves runn+ 8m\nta9s high0 & repeat$ly sweep+ ! vessel f /em to /]n4 ,aft] e battle a c>eful look r\nd has to be made to det]m9e h[ f> ! vessel has %ift$4 ,be+ /eam-driv51 ?is craft is n condemn$ to absolute helplessness :5 h] moor+s snap4 ,! crew get h] "u control & keep h] head po9t$ 9 ! desir$ direction1 s z to mitigate ! batt]+ ( ! w9d & waves1 & n mov+ m ?an is ess5tial = safety4 ,subsequ5tly ! vessel crawls back to h] position1 ! be>+s are tak51 & %e is an*or$ firmly once m4 ,"o hurricane swept ,cape ,hatt]as1 & ! light%ip receiv$ its full en]gy4 ,! boat /ra9$ & groan$ at h] *a9s4 ,sudd5ly !y snapp$4 ,no /eam c\ld hold ! boat aga9/ ! assault4 ,%e 0 pick$ up1 ?r[n ab\t l an empty box1 & c>ri$ in%ore1 luckily miss+ ! ridges ( s&4 ,_h %e plump$ into "o1 x w\ld h gripp$ h] tightly :ile ! waves p\nd$ h] to fragm5ts4 ,! crew 7 helpless & c\ld only wond] :at ! end w\ld be1 z !y saw ! rugg$ coa/l9e approa* ne>] & ne>]4 ,:5 !y ?\ght all 0 ov] & t _! fate 0 seal$1 a big incom+ wave snat*$ ! light%ip1 hurri$ h] along on its bosom1 & dropp$ h] on ! bea*1 practically un9jur$1 & safe f fur!r attack4 ,:5 ! crew survey$ _! position1 !y f\nd !mselves fac$ ) a difficult proposition4 ,! %ip 0 safe & s\nd1 b on ! wrong side ( ! %oals1 & ! "q 0 h[ to lift h] ov] ^? gre$y ridges4 ,!re 0 only "o me?od4 ,t 0 to dig a pit ar\nd h] on ! bea*1 let 9 ! wat] s t %e c\ld float1 & !n to cut a wide deep tr5* out to sea s z to rega9 deep wat]4 ,x 0 feasible1 & 0 attempt$4 ,:ile ! pond on ! bea* 0 be+ dug1 a p[]ful dr$g] came up1 & pl\gh$ its way ?r\gh ! %oals f deep wat] to ! /r&$ light-vessel4 ,:5 ! craft 0 once m afloat1 ! dr$g] c>v$ its way back aga91 ! light-vessel be+ tak5 ?r\gh ! n>r[1 %all[ dit* ?us provid$1 :i* 0 clos$ up by ! runn+ s& z ! two boats crept sl[ly =w>d1 until at la/ ! %oals 7 negotiat$4 ,! %ip 0 tak5 to headqu>t]s1 ! relief-vessel1 :i* is always kept ready = an em]g5cy1 hav+ tak5 up h] position on ! /ation imm$iately ! hurricane _h bl[n itself out4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x w be realiz$ t ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,diamond ,%oal light is by no means a s9ecure4 ,:5 ^! adv]sities are aggravat$ by ! relief-boat be+ unable to fulfil its s*$ul$ duty1 :5 week aft] week slips by )\t ! m5 receiv+ ! welcome spell a%ore1 :ile !y are suff]+ privations & exp]i5c+ ! n]ve-%att]+ pangs ( isolation & monotony1 x is n surpris+ t despond5cy %[s signs ( gett+ ! upp] h& among ! crew4 ,melan*olia is ! malady :i* is fe>$ mo/ on a light-vessel su* z ?is1 & ! m5 h to pull !mselves toge!r to resi/ its insidi\s grip4 ,probably at times !re is half an incl9ation to des]t ! light1 b =tunately !re is little fe> ( ?is temptation succe$+4 ,! axiom 8,nev] ab&on ! light0 is too deeply root$2 besides1 ! m5 are saf] :]e !y are1 al?\gh x appe>s a crazy refuge 9 r\gh wea!r4 ,prolong$ imprisonm5t on ! ,diamond ,%oal precipitat$ "o mut9y4 ,! crew on duty 7 await+ ! arrival ( ! res]ve vessel to take !m home2 b ! wea!r dispos$ o!rwise4 ,) t inexplicable p]si/5ce1 ! w9d got r\nd to a r\gh qu>t] & kept !re t5aci\sly1 nev] mod]at+ = a few h\rs1 b j bl[+1 bl[+1 bl[+1 gett+ up a na/y sea :i* made ! light%ip reel & tumble1 :ile at int]vals a comb] came abo>d to flu% ! decks4 ,9 ! c\rse ( t5 days or s ! crew began to fret & fume at ! ob/9acy ( ! elem5ts2 :5 a mon? slipp$ by )\t br++ any welcome relief1 ! mate & ! eng9e] incurr$ ! capta9's dire displeasure by frat]niz+ & play+ c>ds ) ! crew1 !reby creat+ a brea* ( discipl9e & etiquette4 ,! (f5d]s1 some:at ov]wr\ght by _! cont9u$ inc>c]ation1 ignor$ ! capta9's reprim&4 ,?is arrant disob$i5ce play$ ^u 8 n]ves1 :i* simil>ly 7 /rung up4 ,x did n require a v big sp>k to />t a conflagration ( temp]s4 ,! mate & eng9e] brood$ ov] ! capta9's rem>ks1 & at la/ !y wait$ ^u him1 =cibly v5tilat$ _! op9ions conc]n+ 8 lack ( civility & ( endeav\rs to make "o & all com=table "u ! try+ circum/ances1 & express$ _! det]m9ation to tol]ate 8 ov]be>+ mann] no long]4 ,?is 0 ! la/ /raw f ! capta9's po9t ( view4 ,draw+ 8 revolv]1 he gr[l$ t he 0 ma/] ( ! light%ip1 & t !y w\ld h to d z he told !m4 ,!re 0 a tussle1 b ! fire>m 0 wr5*$ away f ! ma/]'s h&s z be+ a some:at too dang]\s tool = a man 9 8 ov]/rung condition4 ,! crew naturally sid$ ) ! (fic]s1 & ! capta9 0 kept "u surveillance until ! relief-vessel came up "s weeks lat]4 ,! mom5t ! crew /epp$ on dry l&1 e man1 ) ! exception ( ! mate1 des]t$ ! %ip1 ?or\ghly satiat$ ) ! unc]ta9ty p]ta9+ to wat*+ ! ,diamond ,%oals4 ,!y indulg$ 9 a he>ty c>\sal1 & 7 arre/$4 ,& ! capta91 :o also 0 n av]se to enjoym5t on %ore1 hav+ lodg$ ! *>ge ( mut9y1 foll[$ _! example4 ,an inquiry 0 held1 & ! sequel is int]e/+4 ,! capta91 hav+ des]t$ 8 %ip ^u rea*+ port1 0 dismiss$ f ! s]vice2 ! mate1 :o _h provok$ ! capta91 n only 0 acquitt$ ( ! grave *>ge1 b 0 promot$ to ! comm& ( ! light-vessel1 because !re 0 "o out/&+ feature 9 8 fav\r :i* negativ$ ev]y?+ else--he _h /uck to 8 po/4 ,life on a light%ip1 al?\gh some:at /r5u\s1 has its int]ludes4 ,9 f9e wea!r ! m5 h consid]able "t on _! h&s1 & :ile away ! h\rs 9 v>i\s occupations4 ,fretwork1 mat-mak+1 c>p5t]+1 & o!r hobbies1 are foll[$ ) ke5 enjoym5t4 ,ow+ to ! light attract+ flocks ( birds dur+ ! migratory seasons1 ! m5 (t5 effect valuable captures on ! deck1 r>e song/]s & o!r specim5s fall+ exhau/$ into _! h&s4 ,cages are contriv$1 & ! sil5ce ( ! liv+-qu>t]s is reliev$ by ! pip+ & trill+ ( ! birds :5 once !y h %ak5 d[n to _! captivity4 ,meteorological "w1 :i* is practis$ 9 "s cases1 relieves ! r\nd ( toil1 :ile contributions to sci5ce are made by inve/igat+ ! dep?s ( ! sea & its b$ ) small trawls & o!r devices1 s z to secure data conc]n+ life 9 ! deep1 ! vag>ies ( curr5ts1 subm>9e temp]atures1 & s =?4 ,! light%ip1 h[ev]1 is bo? a safegu>d & a m5ace4 ,:5 %e is rid+ quietly at ! end ( h] *a9s %e is an incalculable boon to ! pass+ m>9]1 b aft] a gale ! navigator & ! light-keep]s are suspici\s4 ,! boat may1 & inde$ probably has1 dragg$ h] an*ors some:at4 ,n[1 ! seaf>] on 8 *>t has ! precise position :i* ! light%ip %\ld occupy4 ,consequ5tly1 if %e has %ift$ & he is unaw>e ( ! error1 8 calculations w lead him a/ray4 ,aft] a tempe/ ! ma/] ( a light%ip endeav\rs to asc]ta9 if 8 craft has mov$1 & if he c he takes 8 be>+s at once4 ,if ?is is impossible1 or if he ent]ta9s any d\bt 9 8 m9d1 he flies a signal1 :i* w>ns ! navigator t ! light%ip has mov$4 ,unless ! vessel is able to rega9 h] /ation "u h] own /eam1 %e communicates ) ! %ore at once1 & a boat is s5t out to reset h]4 ,e "t ! relief is effect$ ! (fic] 9 *>ge takes ! be>+s1 s t ! light%ip may be truly 9 ! position %e is int5d$ to assume1 & able to effect h] humane "w satisfactorily4 ,! evolution ( ! mo/ effici5t illum9at+ app>atus = ! light%ip has be5 a mo/ p]plex+ problem to ! ligh?\se eng9e]4 ,:at is applicable = ! masonry t[] is n necess>ily adapt$ to its float+ contempor>y1 s9ce ! conditions are s dissimil>4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates s]vice has adopt$ electric light+ on all its /eam-driv5 vessels1 ! curr5t be+ easily obta9able 9 ?is in/ance4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 oil is ! mo/ popul> =m ( illum9ant1 ! burn]s--!re are sev]al lamps arrang$ 9 a r+ r\nd ! ma/--be+ fitt$ ) two circul> wicks1 "o )9 ! o!r2 :ile beh9d ! lamp an ord9>y p>abolic reflector is plac$ 9 ord] to increase ! int5sity ( ! light produc$4 ,^! reflectors are dispos$ 9 su* a mann] ar\nd ! ma/ t ! conc5trat$ beam ( light f "o lamp j ov]laps ! rays :i* are project$ simil>ly f ! lamp plac$ on ei!r side1 ! result be+ t a fix$ :ite light ( equal lum9osity ?r\gh\t ! circle is project$4 ,b1 unlike ! illum9ant 9 ! ligh?\se1 ! light is n /ation>y 9 its v]tical plane2 x is swung f side to side & up & d[n 9 rhy?m ) ! movem5t ( ! vessel4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 at "o mom5t ! light w\ld project a %ort ray ow+ to ! decl9ation ( ! beam 9 relation to ! l9e ( ! wat]1 !reby br++ x bel[ ! horizon1 :ile ! next mom5t1 :5 ! %ip lur*$ 9 ! opposite direction1 ! ray ( light w\ld be ?r[n into ! air & above ! horizon4 ,! problem is to keep ! light at "o /eady angle1 irrespective ( ! motion ( ! vessel1 & ?is end is a*iev$ by hang+ ea* reflector ^u gimbals1 s t ! roll+ practically is c\nt]act$1 ! reflectors ma9ta9+ a con/ant v]tical position4 ,"s lights are ( ! fla%+ type1 & 9 ?is in/ance ! reflectors are dispos$ 9 gr\ps4 ,"h ! gimbals1 c>ry+ ! reflectors1 are m\nt$ ^u ! framework :i* revolves ar\nd ! ma/ by clockwork me*anism1 & are s arrang$ z to give any type ( di/+ui%+ fla% t may be desir$4 ,9 ! mo/ approv$ types ( mod]n light%ips1 h[ev]1 ! dioptric app>atus is incorporat$1 means hav+ be5 discov]$ to avoid breakage f ! roll+ motion ( ! %ip1 :ile ! risk ( ?r[+ ! beam above or bel[ ! horizon accord+ to ! roll+ ( ! boat is ov]come4 ,9 ?is case ! lamps & reflectors are dispos$ on a turntable 9 ! lant]n1 ) ! dioptric app>atus m\nt$ v c>efully s z to secure a true balance ^u gimbals4 ,! app>atus = revolv+ ! light is erect$ 9 a deck-h\se1 ! weight actuat+ ! me*anism be+ p]mitt$ to rise & fall 9 a special tube ext5d+ f ! bottom ( ! %ip to ! deck4 ,! rot>y action ?us produc$ is transmitt$ f ! deck to ! lant]n above by means ( a v]tical %aft & p9ion4 ,:ile ord9>y lamps are in/all$ z a rule 9 ! lant]ns1 ,messrs4 ,*ance ,bro!rs & ,co41 ! ,birm+ham ligh?\se illum9at+ eng9e]s1 h succe$$ 9 adapt+ _! inc&esc5t oil-vap\r sy/em1 :i* has prov$ s em95tly successful 9 ligh?\ses1 to light-vessels1 ) a v decid$ increase 9 ! c&le-p[]1 & m>k$ economy 9 oil consumption & co/ ( upkeep4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,a ,,flam+ ,,s5t9el ,,( ,,! ,,malacca ,,/raits ,) ! developm5t ( comm]ce betwe5 ,europe1 ,*9a1 & ,japan1 foll[+ ! awak5+ ( ! ,ea/1 x became imp]ative to r5d] ! seas approa*+ ^! c\ntries f> saf] to navigation4 ,if "o consults ! atlas1 & foll[s ! r\tes tak5 by ! great l9]s f ,brita9 & ! ,cont95t to ! ,ori5t1 he w see a ramp>t =m+ ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! ,indian ,ocean & ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea4 ,?is is ! ,ea/ ,indian ,ar*ipelago1 & x bri/les ) dang]s ( all descriptions to ! m]cantile traffic fl[+ to & fro4 ,aft] leav+ ,india1 ! /eam%ips turn _! noses t[>ds ,s+apore1 at ! extremity ( ! ,malay ,p59sula2 b ?is busy port is %ut 9 on ! s\? by ! att5uat$ rocky *a9 ( isl&s =m+ ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies1 ( :i* ,sumatra & ,java are ! mo/ important4 ,! /eam%ip lane lies betwe5 ,sumatra & ! ,asian ma9l&1 & is kn[n z ! ,/raits ( ,malacca4 ,x is a fe>some neck ( wat]1 /udd$ ) isl&s & s&banks1 "s visible above high-wat]1 o!rs reveal$ only by ! fall+ tide2 :ile /ill m nev] see daylight at all1 yet ow+ to _! %all[ position are none ! less p]il\s4 ,9 ord] to fo/] ! gr[? ( ! sea-traffic ) ,*9a1 ^! unattractive wat]s dem&$ full illum9ation1 :ile ! rock-girt %ores ( ,*9a & ,japan 7 simil>ly 9 ne$ ( protective outpo/s4 ,japan 0 p>ticul>ly ent]pris+ 9 ?is =w>d movem5t4 ,! c\ntry 0 em]g+ f ! /ate ( susp5d$ civilization 9 :i* x _h repos$ s calmly = c5turies4 ,! ris+ =ces 7 n sl[ to realize t unless !y safegu>d$ /eam%ip traffic _! ports w\ld wait 9 va9 = ! %ips f ,europe4 ,9 fact1 ! m]cantile int]e/s ( ! ,we/]n _w bluntly /at$ t unless ?is c\rse 7 foll[$ _! %ips w\ld n come to trade4 ,japan at t "t _h n capable m5 at home = ! purpose ( complet+ ! fir/ "p ( a compreh5sive coa/-light+ s*eme1 & x 0 ackn[l$g$ t ye>s mu/ elapse be=e ! c\ntry w\ld be able to walk alone 9 ?is field4 ,accord+ly !y s\ght ,brita9's assi/ance4 ,! ,/ev5son family1 z n>rat$ already1 elaborat$ a compreh5sive s*eme1 :i* 0 accept$4 ,! /ructures 7 prep>$ 9 ,brita91 s5t out piecemeal to ,japan toge!r ) a =ce ( compet5t m51 & erect$ at ! desir$ po9ts4 ,^u ?is f\ndation ! ,japanese built up _! excell5t ligh?\se s]vice4 ,! ,ea/]n pupil1 9 8 own e/imation1 became z compet5t z ! ,scotti% tea*]s4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,japan has s9ce complet$ all works ( ?is description at home & unaid$4 ,*9a foll[$ suit1 b 9 ?is in/ance x 0 due to ,briti% initiative purely & simply4 ,! ,briti% ,inspector-,g5]al ( ! ,imp]ial ,m>itime ,cu/oms took up ! "q4 ,he appo9t$ an eng9e]-9-*ief1 to :om ! con/ruction & repair ( ! lights 7 entru/$4 ,! *ief eng9e] 0 provid$ ) a coa/ inspector1 ^u :om devolv$ ! responsibility = ! p]sonnel & ! ma9t5ance ( ! /ations1 he 9 turn be+ assi/$ 9 8 exact+ &1 at t "t1 difficult "w by a corps ( zeal\s (fic]s4 ,al?\gh ! c\ntries conc]n$ & ! %ipp+ companies ( ,europe appreciat$ ?is =w>d policy1 "o class ( individuals res5t$ ?is introduction ( ,we/]n ideas into ,ori5tal life4 ,?is 0 ! population :o liv$ by wreck+ & piracy4 ,!y recogniz$ ! fact only too well1 t1 if brilliant beacons 7 to be p]mitt$ to be erect$ freely ?r\gh\t ^! tr\bl\s seas1 _! despicable b remun]ative call+ w\ld cease4 ,_! solution ( ! problem assum$ a *>act]i/ic ,*9ese & ,malay =m2 !y endeav\r$ to wreak _! rev5ge ^u ! lights4 ,n[ & aga9 !re 7 %>p tussles betwe5 ! eng9e]+ /affs & ^! high-wat] brig&s1 b fire>ms well h&l$ by ! :ite m5 inv>iably got ! bett] ( ! argum5t4 ,pirates caught 9 ! attempt to tamp] ) ! lights receiv$ v %ort %rift4 ,"o eng9e] :o _h se5 s]vice 9 ^! wat]s relat$ to me t 9 ! e>ly days ! am\nt ( lead exp5d$ 9 protect+ a light f ^! m>aud]s exce$$ ! quantity ( ?is metal us$ 9 ! t[] itself4 ,! ,malacca ,/raits1 f _! exce$+ly dang]\s nature1 con/itut$ a happy hunt+-gr\nd = ^! g5tlem51 & ! light+ ( ^! wat]s 0 effect$ z soon z possible4 ,among ! innum]able m5aces ab\nd+1 a %oal "s sixte5 miles we/ ( ! coa/l9e 0 p>ticul>ly h>ass+ to m>9]s4 ,x became kn[n z ,"o ,fa?om ,bank1 & ! %all[e/ "p 0 only ab\t #ah feet bel[ ! surface at high-wat]4 ,:5 ^! wat]s 7 gu>d$ fir/1 a light%ip did duty2 b ! position is s op51 & is s expos$ to ! full fury ( ! monsoon1 t %e frequ5tly dragg$ h] an*ors1 s t ! w>n+ became some:at unc]ta94 ,accord+ly1 x 0 decid$ to sup]s$e ! float+ light by a p]man5t /ructure1 & a ligh?\se on /ilts1 simil> to ^? famili> to ,am]ican wat]s1 0 erect$ 9 #ahgd1 & emitt$ a :ite fla% once a m9ute4 ,al?\gh ?is ironwork /ructure 0 p\nd$ m]cilessly by ! seas1 x )/ood all assaults completely1 & 0 only sup]s$$ ev5tually ow+ to ! ev]-increas+ exig5cies ( comm]ce1 :i* dem&$ a m p[]ful & elevat$ light4 ,! pres5t t[] 0 comm5c$ 9 #aijg4 ,! eng9e]s appreciat$ ! fact t !y 7 be+ call$ ^u to c>ry out an und]tak+ 9 an especially try+ position4 ,! bank is well out to sea1 & :5 ! monsoon is 9 full bla/ waves #h feet 9 height ?und] ^u ! %oal1 _! f]ocity v>y+ accord+ to ! /ate ( ! tide1 :i* rises & falls a matt] ( #ad feet4 ,! difficulties att5d+ ! build+ ( ! ,ro!rs& & ,f\rte5 ,foot ,bank ligh?\ses "u closely simil> conditions 7 n =gott51 & ! prospect ( build+ a huge caisson on ! ma9l&1 & !n t[+ x to ! site to be sunk1 0 by no means attractive1 ev5 if ! fulle/ avail 7 tak5 ( ! spells ( calme/ wea!r4 ,!re=e an alt]native me?od ( con/ruction1 possess+ ! qualities ( be+ simpl]1 quick]1 & less exp5sive1 :i* 0 advanc$ by a well-kn[n firm ( eng9e]s 9 ,s+apore1 ,messrs4 ,h>greaves1 ,riley & ,co41 ^u ! designs ( ,mr4 ,o4 ,p4 ,?omas1 receiv$ ! close/ consid]ation4 ,?is s*eme propos$ a ligh?\se con/ruct$ on piles1 ) ! focal plane #ib feet above wat]-level1 wr\ght 9 f]ro-concrete4 ,! project 0 some:at novel & d>+1 because1 al?\gh ?is con/ructive pr9ciple _h be5 adopt$ previ\sly = /ations ^u ! ma9l&1 x _h nev] be5 utiliz$ 9 connection ) expos$ sea-lights4 ,! sy/em recomm5d$ 0 t kn[n z ! ,h5nebique1 :i* _h be5 employ$ ext5sively = build+s1 bridges1 sea-def5ces1 & o!r works4 ,! proposal 0 inve/igat$ ?or\ghly by ! ,hon4 ,a4 ,murray1 ,m4,in/4,c4,e41 ! ,colonial ,eng9e] & ,surveyor-,g5]al = ! ,/raits ,settlem5ts1 &1 z x met ) 8 full approval1 ! "w 0 h&$ ov] to ! ,s+apore eng9e]s to fulfil ^u ! l9es advanc$4 ,! /ructure comprises ! ma9 build+1 includ+ ! liv+-qu>t]s1 support$ ^u piles dispos$ 9 two r+s1 an inn] & an out]1 ab\t a c5tral pile1 ! :ole be+ well brac$ toge!r4 ,! %ape is octagonal 9 plan4 ,f ! ro( ( ! liv+-qu>t]s1 to :i* po9t ! out] piles are c>ri$ v]tically f ! sea-b$1 ^! memb]s rise ) an inw>d rake1 =m+ an octagonal pyramid1 ) ! lant]n & its room bel[ =m+ ! apex4 ,! und]wat] "w 0 ! mo/ difficult1 ow+ to ! situation & ! climatic conditions4 ,see+ t ! ne>e/ l& is sixte5 miles di/ant1 x 0 impossible to c>ry ! m5 to & f ! sc5e ( _! lab\rs e day :5 ! wea!r p]mitt$4 ,a base 0 e/abli%$ on ! coa/ = ! prep>ation ( mat]ials & z a po9t = %ipp+ all requirem5ts to ! site1 b ! m5 7 accommodat$ ) special facilities ^u ! spot4 ,"h a tempor>y /ag+ 0 built on piles1 on :i* plat=m a l>ge hut 0 erect$ to provide qu>t]s = ! m51 z well z a work%op4 ,! piles =m+ ! ma9 support to ! build+ 7 made #ej feet long1 & holl[4 ,! concrete1 compos$ ( brok5 granite & ,portl& cem5t1 encas$ a /eel skeleton1 consi/+ ( f\r longitud9al r\nd /eel rods1 #a in*es 9 diamet]1 laid at ! corn]s1 & lac$ toge!r ) /eel wire #c_/af in* ?ick4 ,eight ( ^! piles 7 made #ah in*es squ>e1 :ile n9e 7 #bd in*es squ>e1 & ea* 0 fitt$ ) a po9t$ end to facilitate driv+ into ! sea-b$4 ,z ^! piles 7 prep>$ on %ore1 _! transf]5ce to ! site 0 a pretty problem 9 itself4 ,ord9>y me?ods ( transport 7 impracticable4 ,! eng9e] ov]came ! difficulty 9 an +5i\s mann]4 ,he built up a raft ( b>rels1 tw5ty-six ( :i* 7 la%$ toge!r 9 two r[s1 betwe5 :i* ! pile 0 laid flat & ev5ly4 ,! raft 0 built ^u peculi> l9es1 s z to facilitate ! un%ipp+ ( ! pile :5 x rea*$ its de/9ation4 ,x 0 divid$ into f\r sections1 ea* ( :i* c\ld be deta*$ )\t di/urb+ ! o!r ?ree p>ts4 ,! raft & its pile 7 t[$ out to sea by a /eam]1 & :5 ! "w 0 ga9$ ! raft 0 ca/ (f1 to be float$ "u ! /ag+ & to ! exact po9t :]e x 0 to be set up4 ,a *a9 sl+ 0 l[]$ f ! plat=m & atta*$ to ! head ( ! pile1 & ! la%+s to ! fir/ section ( ! raft 7 releas$1 ?us p]mitt+ ! /rapp$ b>rels conc]n$ to float away & to be recov]$4 ,! pile 0 !n sl[ly & c>efully hoi/$ at ! head1 ! second "p ( ! raft be+ releas$ :5 ! pile _h ga9$ a c]ta9 height4 ,?is proc$ure 0 repeat$ until f9ally1 :5 ! la/ "p ( ! raft 0 fre$1 ! pile hung free1 z v]tically true z a plumb-l9e1 ) ! po9t$ foot re/+ on ! s&4 ,9 ord] to s5d x truly into ! sea-b$1 heavy timb] guides 7 set up1 & z ! pile desc5d$ x 0 frequ5tly te/$ ) ! plummet1 to see t x 0 s9k+ 9 an absolutely p]p5dicul> mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,complet+ ,,! ,,"o ,,fa?om ,,bank ,,ligh?\se ,,9 ,,! ,,malacca ,,/raits4 ,! keep]s live on ! l[] floors4 ,! upp] floor b5ea? ! lant]n is ! s]vice room4 ,! piles 7 sunk into ! s(t sea-b$ by means ( wat]-jets1 :i*1 play+ ab\t ! foot ( ! pile1 burr[$ a hole into :i* x c\ld move d[nw>ds4 ,a dep? ( #ae feet _h be5 consid]$ necess>y to secure ! desir$ rigidity1 & z a rule ! pile c\ld be driv5 to ?is dep? 9 ab\t f\r h\rs4 ,:5 ! pile-driv+ comm5c$1 h[ev]1 x 0 f\nd t ! s&bank _h und]gone a m>k$ *ange s9ce ! surveys 7 made4 ,erosion _h be5 v active ow+ to ! curr5ts hav+ be5 *eck$ by ! ob/ructions :i* ! legs ( ! /ag+ (f]$4 ,"u ^! circum/ances a novel exp]im5t 0 made ^u ! site4 ,"o ( ! piles 0 l5g!n$ by #ad feet1 to be driv5 to its limits1 j to asc]ta9 h[ f> x w\ld g into ! s&4 ,?is 9 itself 0 a some:at d>+ und]tak+1 see+ t ! t9y colony on ! /ag+ did n possess ! facilities :i* 7 available on %ore = ! "w4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 accompli%$ satisfactorily1 & :5 ! pile 0 sunk x 0 f\nd to desc5d ano!r #ac feet1 :]e x t\*$ h>d rock4 ,?is discov]y br\ght ab\t a modification 9 ! plans4 ,z a solid f\ndation c\ld be ga9$ at a dep? ( #bh feet1 & z ! piles c\ld be l5g!n$ successfully ^u ! site1 x 0 decid$ to ext5d all ! piles to a complete l5g? ( #fd feet1 & to drive !m d[n to ! h>d bottom4 ,:5 ! piles 7 all l[]$1 !y 7 subject$ to f\r bl[s f a 8monkey0 weigh+ #b tons1 dropp$ f a height ( #d feet4 ,b ^! f\r f9al bl[s only drove ! piles f to #g_/h in* f>!r into ! sea-b$1 :]eas1 accord+ to ! specification1 a m>g9 ( #a in* 0 all[$ = ?is te/4 ,! diamet] ( ! t[] at ! base is #dj feet1 & heavy brac+ is introduc$ at a po9t #d feet bel[ high-wat] to hold ! fabric toge!r1 & to supply ! requisite /r5g? & rigidity4 ,at a height ( #ba feet above ?is ma9 brac+ is ! floor ( ! sup]/ructure1 compris+ an octagonal two-floor build+1 surr\nd$ by an ov]hang+ gall]y1 built on ! cantilev] pr9ciple1 #e feet 9 wid?1 :i* =ms ! l&+ plat=m4 ,! two floors h a total height ( #bd feet1 & con/itute ! keep]s' home4 ,! ro( is flat1 9 ord] to facilitate ! collection & conduct ( ra9-wat] into two f]ro-concrete ci/]ns1 ea* hold+ #a1jjj gallons4 ,! l[] floor is devot$ to h\s+ /ores1 oil1 etc41 :ile ! upp] /ory =ms ! liv+-qu>t]s4 ,! ro( is caus$ to ov]hang a di/ance ( #d feet on all sides1 !reby provid+ a flat surface #dd feet across4 ,f ?is po9t ! eight ma9 columns ( ! build+ slope inw>ds1 until1 at a height ( #cj feet1 !y h a diamet] ( #ah feet1 :]e ! lant]n is introduc$4 ,! l[] "p ( ! latt] con/itutes ! s]vice-room1 & leads directly to ! lant]n above4 ,access to ! diff]5t levels is af=d$ by means ( a teak-wood /aircase1 :ile t lead+ f ! entrance floor to ! wat] = l&+ purposes is h+$1 s t x may be accommodat$ to ! condition ( ! tide4 ,! lant]n1 :i* weighs #ag tons1 is ( ! mod]n type1 & is m p[]ful ?an t ( ! #ahgd light1 :i* x displac$4 ,! :ite light is ?r[n 9 gr\ps ( fla%es e fifte5 seconds1 & ! w>n+ is visible f ! deck ( a vessel "s fifte5 miles away4 ,! c5tral pi]1 :i* c>ries a great proportion ( ! total weight ( ! t[]1 & :i* ext5ds cont9u\sly f ! b$-rock f\ndation to ! lant]n-room1 is solid to ! ro( ( ! liv+-qu>t]s4 ,above ?is po9t x is holl[1 hav+ a bore ( #ab in*es1 & 9 ?is space ! weight actuat+ ! revolv+ me*anism ( ! light moves up & d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,"o ,,fa?om ,,bank ,,ligh?\se1 ,,malacca ,,/raits1 ,,9 ,,c\rse ,,( ,,erection4 ,x is built ?r\gh\t ( f]ro-concrete1 & is support$ on piles driv5 into ! s&4 ,at ! left are ! qu>t]s provid$ = ! ligh?\se build]s :o liv$ on ! spot4 ,al?\gh ! idea 0 novel at ! "t1 ! complete success ( ! "w ju/ifi$ ! recomm5dations ( ! design]s z to ! suitability ( ?is =m ( con/ruction = op5-sea ligh?\ses4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! ent]prise n only 0 complet$ = a less sum ?an w\ld h be5 requir$ = a correspond+ ligh?\se erect$ 9 masonry ^u or?odox l9es1 b ! /ructure is light]1 0 m rapidly built1 & is ?or\ghly hygi5ic4 ,! complete weight ( ! :ole t[] is less ?an #a1jjj tons2 & f ! sett+ ( ! fir/ pile to ! light+ ( ! lamps only f\rte5 mon?s elaps$1 not)/&+ ! fact t "w 0 int]rupt$ & h9d]$ frequ5tly by inclem5t wea!r4 ,any d\bts t 7 ent]ta9$ conc]n+ ! ability ( ! /ructure to resi/ ! attacks ( ! w9d & seas enc\nt]$ 9 ^! latitudes 0 dispell$ dur+ erection1 because ! monsoons :i* broke dur+ ! p]iod ( erection 7 abnormally heavy1 & submitt$ ! fabric to exceptional /ra9s & /resses1 :i* x )/ood ) complete success4 ,ano!r f9e light :i* has be5 provid$ = ! b5efit ( ! navigator 9 ^! ,ea/]n seas is t on ,gap ,rock4 ,?is is a rugg$1 l(ty em95ce1 ris+ f ! sea1 ?irty-two miles s\? ( ,hong-,kong4 ,be+ expos$ on all sides1 x is difficult to approa*1 :ile at ! same "t x lies 9 ! pa? ( vessels4 ,a few ye>s ago ! ,hong-,kong ,gov]nm5t decid$ to conqu] ?is islet1 & to deprive x ( its p]ils to %ipp+4 ,) great ef=t a l&+ 0 effect$1 & "o ( ! p9nacles 0 decapitat$ & levell$ (f1 to =m a spaci\s plat=m = l&+4 ,! light itself rises f ! highe/ po9t ( ! rock1 & its rays are visible ?r\gh a circle ( tw5ty miles radius4 ,! ,gap ,rock light is also a signal-/ation1 be+ 9 telegraphic communication ) ,hong-,kong4 ,al?\gh ! days ( human ho/ility to ! ligh?\se 9 ,ea/]n wat]s h pass$1 ! eng9e] is confront$ by an enemy :i* is 9 e way z de/ructive4 ,?is is ! :ite ant4 ,! ravages ( ?is insect are s rel5tless & complete :]e wood is conc]n$ t timb] t[]s are q impracticable4 ,moreov]1 ?is mat]ial has to be us$ only sp>+ly = fitt+s1 ev5 9 masonry & iron build+s4 ,a curi\s exp]i5ce ) ?is insidi\s & implacable foe 0 relat$ to me by a ligh?\se eng9e]4 ,he 0 engag$ 9 ! erection ( a new beacon at a remote po9t on ! coa/4 ,! l5ses & lant]n app>atus1 z usual1 _h be5 ord]$ 9 ,engl&1 & 7 despat*$ to ! ,ea/ c>efully pack$ 9 sub/antial t9-l9$ cases4 ,9 ord] to secure ! utmo/ protection dur+ transit1 ea* metallic & l5ticul> "p 0 wrapp$ 9 t[4 ,c>e also 0 be/[$ ^u ! seal+ ( ! t9 case1 s9ce ! prop5sity ( ! ant to discov] ! smalle/ p9hole s z to rea* ! int]ior 0 emphasiz$ ^u ! pack]s4 ,accord+ly ! seams 7 d\bly sold]$4 ,9 due c\rse ! cases ) _! preci\s cont5ts rea*$ ! site ( erection1 b un=tunately ! season 0 s f> advanc$ t ! eng9e] conclud$ he c\ld n complete ! erection ( ! lant]n be=e ! monsoon broke4 ,z ! cont5ts ( ! cases 7 pres]v$ by ! t9 arm\r f climatic attacks1 he /or$ ! cases securely1 & ) 8 workm5 left ! place until fav\rable wea!r return$4 ,"s weeks lat] ! *ief & 8 toil]s reappe>$ ^u ! sc5e4 ,all prep>ations = sett+ ! optical app>atus 7 complet$4 ,imag9e ! dismay ( ! eng9e] :51 on op5+ ! case conta9+ ! mo/ important p>ts ( ! lant]n1 he f\nd t x _h be5 raid$ by :ite ants4 ,!y _h driv5 _! tracks spirally ?r\gh ! t[1 :i* evid5tly !y _h enjoy$1 & al?\gh ?is 0 ( little consequ5ce1 ! =mic acid _h play$ sad havoc ) ! bright surfaces ( ! sp9dles4 ,9 ligh?\se eng9e]+ ! surfaces ( ^! p>ts mu/ be z bright & z clean z a mirror to insure smoo?1 /eady work+4 ,b n[ ^! sp9dles 7 z pitt$ & m>k$ z a victim to smallpox4 ,x 0 a madd5+ contretemps1 s9ce ! only way to re/ore ! vital bright surfaces 0 to turn !m 9 ! la!4 ,su* a tool 0 n available )9 a hundr$ or m miles4 ,erection _h to be delay$1 h[ev]1 until ?is treatm5t 0 effect$4 ,see+ t ! t9 case 0 sold]$ up ) su* inf9ite c>e1 ! "q arises4 ,h[ did ! ants get into x8 ,to ! eng9e] x seem$ an inscrutable puzzle1 b he subject$ ! case to a m9ute exam9ation4 ,f9ally he solv$ ! problem4 ,at "o corn] he f\nd t a nail1 :ile be+ driv5 dur+ ! process ( nail+ up ! heavy out] wood5 case at ! ,engli% factory1 _h turn$ slightly1 s t its po9t _h punctur$ ! inn] metal case4 ,! ants1 too1 _h discov]$ ?is m9ute brea*1 & ?r\gh x _h sw>m$ to ! attack ^u ! int]ior4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,unatt5d$ ,,ligh?\ses ,dur+ ! pa/ fifty ye>s eng9e]+ sci5ce z appli$ to ligh?\ses has made rem>kable advances4 ,?is has be5 due l>gely to ! indefatigable p]sev]ance & ceaseless lab\r ( ! *emi/ 9 reg>d to illum9ation4 ,?is wond]-work] has giv5 u acetyl5e1 has evolv$ means :]eby oil-gas may be compress$ to a pressure ( sev]al atmosph]es ) safety1 & has discov]$ o!r gases obta9able by inexp5sive & simple means4 ,! eng9e] has n hesitat$ to pr(it f ^! developm5ts1 & has devis$ highly +5i\s app>atuses :]eby ^! illum9at+ m$iums may be /or$ & us$1 s z to disp5se ) ! human elem5t almo/ entirely2 9 fact1 9 ^! in/ances ! latt] factor has be5 r$uc$ to su* a degree t x is only call$ ^u to p]=m c]ta9 p]functory op]ations1 su* z ! re*>g+ ( ! /orage vessels at long int]vals--?ree1 six1 or twelve mon?s1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,?is comb9ation has provid$ ! ligh?\se eng9e] ) a new1 p[]ful1 & effici5t means ( ov]com+ abnormal difficulties4 ,_m a rock1 reef1 or /ret* ( un9habit$ coa/l9e has dem&$ indication1 b has defi$ su* protection f motives ( co/1 inaccessibility1 or se>*+ problems conc]n+ ! accommodation & relief ( ! keep]s4 ,z ,i h %[n 9 ! c\rse ( ?is volume1 ! erection ( a fir/-class ligh?\se is a co/ly und]tak+1 & ! %ipp+ int]e/s1 :i* 9 ! case ( ,great ,brita9 & a few o!r c\ntries are call$ ^u to pay ! bill1 naturally demur1 unless ! rock or o!r ob/acle is situate 9 ! c5tre ( ! m>9e ?or\ghf>e1 or ! approa* to a pitiless coa/ is extremely haz>d\s1 :5 ! erection ( ! t[] becomes absolutely imp]ative4 ,if "o 7 to add up ! co/s ( all ! great lights scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! sev5 seas1 x w\ld be f\nd t sev]al millions /]l+ _h be5 sunk 9 ?is humane ef=t1 & yet1 relatively speak+1 b a small area ( dang] 9 ! aggregate is safegu>d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,platte ,,f\g,,re ,,ligh?\se ,,"u ,,con/ruction4 ,?is automatic light m>ks a dang]\s reef1 (f ! ,gu]nsey coa/1 :i* is famili> to read]s ( ,victor ,hugo's 8,toil]s ( ! ,sea40 ,!n ! human factor dem&s consid]ation4 ,a colony ( f\r or six m5 sc>cely c\ld be f\nd will+ to suff] isolation f ! _w at l>ge & to be depriv$ ( int]c\rse ) _! fell[-be+s 9 ! int]e/s ( %ipp+1 say1 ?r\gh ! ,/raits ( ,magellan1 ar\nd ,cape ,horn1 among ! icy fa/nesses ( ! ,nor!rn ,labrador coa/1 or 9 ,hudson ,bay4 ,life 9 ! ligh?\ses :i* gu>d ! busy /eam%ip lanes is monoton\s & n]ve-%att]+ en\gh1 b to m>oon m5 9 su* remote places z ^? m5tion$ above w\ld be to promote a :olesale ru% ( inmates = ! lunatic asylums4 ,?is is :]e ! *emi/ & ! eng9e] 9 collaboration h triumph$4 ,by _! jo9t ef=ts x is n[ possible to supply ! mo/ inhospitable %ore ) a belt ( lights equal 9 e respect to ^? m\nt+ s5t9el ov] ! m d5sely populat$ rea*es ( coa/ 9 ! civiliz$ p>ts ( ! globe4 ,! unatt5d$ ligh?\se is a mod]n developm5t born ( necessity1 :i* has prov$ highly s]viceable1 effective1 & reliable4 ,! pass5g]1 z he lolls aga9/ ! taffrail ( ! /eam] pl\gh+ h] way c>efully ?r\gh ! lane #cge miles long sep>at+ ! ma9l& ( ,s\? ,am]ica f ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 & wat*es ! fai?ful /> tw9kl+ ^u ! top ( a fr[n+ cliff & urg+ ! m>9] to keep cle>1 may *]i% a feel+ ( pity = ! man :o has to keep t beam %9+4 ,b 8 commis]ation is misplac$4 ,no human h&s t\* t beacon1 p]haps1 = six mon?s or m at a "t4 ,x is a triumph ( automatic op]ation4 ,! same applies to ! wick$ %ores ( ,new ,zeal&1 ! un9vit+ nor!rn /ret*es ( ! ,gulf ( ,bo?nia1 ! iron-b\nd coa/s ( ,norway & ,sw$51 & _m ano!r unattractive ma9l& & isl&4 ,all ! great m>itime nations possess sev]al ( ^! sil5t1 fai?ful lights1 :i*1 al?\gh ^u _! introduction !y 7 reg>d$ ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( suspicion1 ow+ to ! urg5t necessity ( a light nev] fail+ 9 its duty = ! guidance ( ! seaf>]1 yet h be5 prov$ by ! conv9c+ lesson ( exp]i5ce to be z reliable 9 e respect z ! light :i* is t5d$ by human h&s4 ,s f> z ,great ,brita9 is conc]n$1 ! unatt5d$ light has be5 br\ght to a high /age ( effici5cy & utility by ! ef=ts ( ,messrs4 ,david & ,*>les ,/ev5son1 :ile 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w ! app>atus & me?ods p]fect$ by ,mr4 ,gu/af ,daln ( ,/ockholm are us$ ext5sively4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ example ( ! ,/ev5son unatt5d$ ligh?\se is provid$ 9 ! ,engli% ,*annel1 indicat+ ! entrance to ! /rait :i* leads to ! ,gu]nsey capital ( ,/4 ,pet] ,port4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! fir/ ( its "* to be erect$1 b ! type is n[ be+ adopt$ widely ow+ to ! success ( ?is initial und]tak+4 ,! ,*annel ,isl&s h a*iev$ an unsav\ry reputation 9 m>9e annals1 z !y =m a gravey>d ( ! ,*annel2 !y h claim$ _! victims1 dur+ rec5t ye>s at any rate1 mo/ly f ! ranks ( ! heavy cross-,*annel traffic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,platte ,,f\g,,re ,,ligh?\se4 ,?is beacon1 design$ by ,messrs4 ,d4 & ,c4 ,/ev5son1 probably is ! f9e/ unatt5d$ ligh?\se 9 exi/5ce4 ,on ! top ( ! t[] is ! automatically controll$ acetyl5e light4 ,! ,russell ,*annel1 lead+ to ,/4 ,pet] ,port f ! nor?1 is exce$+ly dang]\s1 ! sea be+ litt]$ ) granite rocks bo? subm]g$ & expos$1 ( :i* ! ,gr&e ,braye1 ,b>si]1 & ,platte ,f\gre1 =m ! out] ramp>t4 ,read]s ( ,victor ,hugo may ga!r "s reali/ic idea ( ! p]il\s nature ( ^! wat]s by p]us+ 8,! ,toil]s ( ! ,sea10 9 :i* ^! rocks figure v prom95tly1 p>ticul>ly ! ,platte ,f\gre4 ,! m5ace ( ?is corn] ( ! *annel is acc5tuat$ by ! velocity ( ! tidal curr5ts :i* sw+ & swirl r\nd ! reefs1 toge!r ) ! extreme range ( ! tides1 :i* av]ages ab\t #cj feet4 ,=m]ly1 9 ?ick wea!r1 vessels f\nd x almo/ impossible to pick up ! ,russell1 & (t5 a capta91 by ! rip & cra% ( metal be+ torn1 to 8 dismay le>n$ t he _h swung too f> to ! we/w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sett+ ,,! ,,compress$-,,air ,,res]voir ,,at ,,=t ,,doyle4 ,! ,platte ,f\gre automatic light is supplem5t$ by a l& /ation on ! isl& ( ,gu]nsey a mile away4 ,! companies engag$ 9 ?is traffic repeat$ly petition$ ! au?orities to m>k ! entrance to ! /rait by "s adequate means4 ,a light 0 n requir$ s ke5ly z a s\nd-signal1 because 9 cle> wea!r navigation 0 tol]ably safe4 ,! proposal 0 discuss$ "t aft] "t1 b no solution appe>$ to be =?com+4 ,to erect a ligh?\se on ! out] fr+e ( ! b>ri] w\ld h entail$ prodigi\s exp5diture1 :i* ! isl& au?orities c\ld ill af=d1 ev5 if su* a s*eme 7 practicable4 ,! "q 0 tak5 up boldly by ,g5]al ,campbell dur+ 8 occupation ( ! po/ ( ,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ! ,isl& ( ,gu]nsey1 & he press$ =w>d ! s*eme vigor\sly 9 a resolute det]m9ation to br+ ab\t a dim9ution 9 ! numb] ( m>itime disa/]s at ?is po9t4 ,he approa*$ ,messrs4 ,david & ,*>les ,/ev5son1 :o _h consid]able exp]i5ce ( simil> conditions ar\nd ! ,scotti% coa/s1 & !y1 aft] an elaborate survey ( ! site1 recomm5d$ ! erection ( a light & fog-signal /ation ^u ! ,platte ,f\gre1 :i* %\ld be controll$ f ! l& a mile di/ant4 ,!y agre$ t ! erection ( a t[] simil> to ^? g5]ally plant$ on sea-rocks w\ld be a =midable und]tak+ & enorm\sly exp5sive1 ow+ to ! conditions prevail+1 b ! /ation !y sugge/$ 0 q practicable1 & w\ld s]ve ! purposes equally well4 ,in/ead ( a massive1 gracefully-curv+ t[]1 measur+ "s #dj feet 9 diamet] at ! base1 ^! eng9e]s sugge/$ a build+ ( irregul> octagonal %ape1 measur+ #ad & #ag feet across ! faces1 #hj feet 9 height1 & c>ri$ out 9 f]ro-concrete4 ,!y advocat$ its erection ^u ! ,platte ,f\gre1 because !re ! fog-signal w\ld be br\ght into ! mo/ s]viceable position = %ipp+4 ,a n>r[ or ?9 build+ 0 advis$1 to (f] ! m9imum ( surface to ! waves1 :i* break v heavily on ^! ridges4 ,! wisdom ( ?is design has be5 reveal$ v conv9c+ly s9ce ! t[] has be5 9 s]vice4 ,! seas fall on ei!r side1 divide & ru% r\nd ! build+1 s t x does n exp]i5ce ! full brunt ( _! heavy1 sma%+ bl[s4 ,z ! eng9e]s po9t$ out1 8,x is bett] to avoid heavy sea pressures1 :]e feasible1 9 pref]5ce to c\rt+ !m40 ,/ill1 ! ,platte ,f\gre 0 n an ideal rock f ! eng9e]s' po9t ( view1 al?\gh x is a solid knot ( granite4 ,its head is visible only at l[-wat] spr+-tides1 :ile x is difficult to approa*1 ev5 9 ! smoo!/ wea!r1 ow+ to ! tides & curr5ts4 ,mu* ( ! f\ndation "w _h to be c>ri$ out "u wat]4 ,! season 0 unavoidably limit$1 z ! days :5 bo? ! w9d & ! sea are calm 9 ?is "p ( ! *annel are v few & f> betwe54 ,! t[] is solid = a height ( #df feet above ! rock1 & ! base is =m$ ( ,portl& cem5t plac$ 9 iron m\lds1 ) iron b>s driv5 into ! solid rock to an*or ! concrete firmly4 ,on ! side to :i* ! build+ is expos$ to ! heavie/ seas1 massive beams ( roll$ /eel are driv5 into ! rock1 s z to imp>t additional /r5g? to ! "p ( ! t[] :]e ! greate/ /ra9s are likely to be set up4 ,on ! entrance level is a comp>tm5t conta9+ an electric motor & air-compressor1 :ile on ! floor imm$iately above is a duplicate in/allation4 ,! sir5 projects ?r\gh ! top ( ! t[]1 ! trumpet be+ s turn$ z to ?r[ ! s\nds 9 a horizontal direction ov] ! wat]4 ,on ! top ( ! t[] is a small automatic acetyl5e gas plant & light1 su* z ! eng9e]s h employ$ s successfully 9 _! unatt5d$ ,scotti% light-/ations1 two air-receiv]s1 & a wat]-tank4 ,a new type ( burn] is us$1 & a clockwork me*anism is incorporat$ to ext+ui% ! light at dawn & to ignite x at dusk1 ) a special arrangem5t to all[ = ! %ort summ] nights & ! long p]iods ( d>kness dur+ ! w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,=t ,,doyle ,,sir54 ,?is in/allation on ! isl& is ma9ta9$ s z to take ! place ( ! automatic ligh?\se a mile out to sea1 9 ! remote ev5t ( ! latt] break+ d[n4 ,z m5tion$ above1 ! /ation is controll$ electrically f a po9t on %ore4 ,9 decid+ ! latt]1 x 0 necess>y to discov] ! mo/ fav\rable l&+-place = ! subm>9e cable 9 relation to its r\te1 & ,doyle ,=t 0 select$ z meet+ all requirem5ts 9 ?is direction4 ,"h a two-floor dwell+ has be5 erect$ = ! keep]s1 toge!r ) an adjo9+ eng9e-h\se1 :i* measures #cb feet 9 l5g? by #bj feet wide4 ,! t[] be+ a mile di/ant1 ! design]s _h to meet ! possibility ( ! ma*9]y !re9 break+ d[n4 ,accord+ly1 at ! %ore /ation !re is an auxili>y fog-sir5 & air-compress+ plant1 :i* is br\ght into use :5 ! sea app>atus is d]ang$4 ,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,d4 & ,c4 ,/ev5son4 ,,an ,,unatt5d$ ,,beacon ,,light ,,plac$ ,,^u ,a ,,wild ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,scotti% ,,coa/4 ,^! lights w run = sev]al mon?s )\t any human att5tion1 &1 by means ( +5i\s me*anism1 light & ext+ui% !mselves automatically4 ,! ma*9]y includes two oil-eng9es :i* drive ?ree-phase alt]nators1 & an air-compressor = work+ ! l& sir5 :5 requir$4 ,"o ( ! greate/ difficulties arose 9 connection ) ! subm>9e cable :i* connects ! l&-/ation ) ! sea-t[]4 ,ow+ to ! brok51 rocky nature ( ! sea-b$1 ! vici\sness ( ! curr5ts1 & ! heavy seas1 ! cable _h to be ( exceptional /r5g?2 inde$1 x _h to be made specially = ! purpose4 ,x is a d\ble-%ea!d1 /eel-arm\r$ cable ( ! heavie/ 8rock0 type1 be+ #aa in*es 9 circumf]5ce1 & weigh+ #de tons p] nautical mile4 ,z ! curr5t us$ is ?ree-phase1 !re are ?ree conductors1 :i* weigh #a1ajj p\nds p] mile1 protect$ by a ?ick lay] ( gutta-p]*a av]ag+ #dej p\nds p] mile4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! core are two o!r wires = swit*+ & telephone purposes respectively4 ,! lay+ ( ! cable 0 a peculi> & exact+ task 9 itself2 #f1ejd feet _h to be paid out4 ,b by wait+ = a v calm day & slack wat] ?is task 0 a*iev$ )\t mi%ap4 ,9 ! t[] !re is a simple swit* op]at$ by an electro-magnet1 :]eby ! motor-driv5 air-compressors are ?r[n 9 & out ( action4 ,! two compressors are us$ alt]nately1 s z to keep !m 9 ?or\gh work+ ord]2 & z !y h to be left sometimes = mon?s )\t be+ exam9$1 special att5tion has be5 devot$ to _! lubrication4 ,a visit to ?is ligh?\se is a some:at curi\s exp]i5ce4 ,climb+ ! ladd] & ent]+ ! build+1 "o f9ds x app>5tly ab&on$4 ,n a s\nd beyond ! murmur+ ( ! waves play+ ab\t ! rocks bel[ di/urbs a sil5ce :i* is uncannily t5se4 ,sudd5ly !re is an almo/ imp]ceptible click4 ,! keep] at ! light-/ation has mov$ 8 swit*1 & simultane\sly t 9 ! t[] has clos$4 ,! electric motors in/antly comm5ce to revolve1 ) a l[ grunt at fir/1 b ris+ quickly to a l\d humm+ z !y settle d[n to _! /ride1 driv+ ! air-compressors4 ,!n comes ! e>-splitt+1 deep-ton$ ro> f ! sir5 ov]head1 att5d$ by ! :irr ( ma*9]y 9 motion4 ,! humm+ ( ! motors & ! compressors dies d[n1 & 9 a few seconds absolute /illness prevails once m4 ,! s5sation is decid$ly e]ie4 ,x seems impossible t a sil5ce s int5se z to be felt %\ld be int]rupt$ by a click--! result ( a slight movem5t by an unse5 h& a mile away--:i* gives =? su* a n]ve-%att]+ d9 z to convey ! idea t ,b$lam _h be5 let loose4 ,at ! l&-/ation ! exp]i5ce is simil>ly weird4 ,! keep] moves 8 swit* :i* br+s ! t[] ma*9]y into action4 ,pres5tly !re is ! %>p t9kle ( an electric bell4 ,?is notifies ! keep] t ! bla/ on ! t[] has be5 giv51 b conclusive evid5ce ( ?is fact does n arrive until five seconds lat]1 :5 ! bay+ ( ! sir5 comes roll+ ov] ! wat]4 ,a complete *eck is kept ^u ! isolat$ /ation out at sea4 ,if ! electric bell does n r+ out at ! appo9t$ p]iod1 to notify ! keep] t ! sir5 has emitt$ its w>n+ note1 he kn[s t some?+ is amiss4 ,! l&-/ation is br\ght into s]vice )\t delay1 ! intimation to ! m>9] to /& cle> be+ ?r[n f ,doyle ,=t once e n9ety seconds4 ,! m5 on %ore take x 9 turns to m\nt wat* = fog bo? day & night1 & _! vigil is *eck$4 ,!re is an electric al>m1 :i* ma9ta9s sil5ce only s long z ! man on duty fulfils 8 appo9t$ task & records ?is fact ^u 8 me*anical regi/] at s*$ul$ int]vals4 ,%\ld he fail to p]=m ?is function1 !re is a fr5zi$ clang+ by ! al>m-bell1 :i* summons ! second keep] to duty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gasfet5 ,,light3 ,a ,,lonely ,,beacon ,,9 ,,sw$i% ,,wat]s4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ t[] to be fitt$ ) ! ,daln 8sun-valve0 9 conjunction ) ! ,daln fla%]4 ,sev]al automatic lights ( ?is type are us$ to %[ ! way ?r\gh ! ,panama ,canal4 ,app>5tly1 ! weake/ po9t 9 ! in/allation is ! subm>9e cable1 b ! eng9e]s ent]ta9 no appreh5sions on ?is score4 ,x is too /\tly made & too heavily arm\r$ to rupture v readily4 ,exp]i5ce has prov$ its effici5cy & reliability1 :ile a long life is anticipat$ = x4 ,! ,platte ,f\gre unatt5d$ ligh?\se has op5$ up new possibilities = protect+ wild coa/s4 ,x has prov$ conclusively t !re is no difficulty 9 ma9ta9+ su* a /ation & controll+ x f a di/ance s long z automatic app>atus :i* has prov$ its wor? is employ$4 ,?is practical application %\ld s]ve to solve _m peculi> problems4 ,no long] c ! bogie ( exp5se be put =w>d z an argum5t aga9/ safegu>d+ a notori\sly evil l5g? ( %orel9e or isolat$ rock1 ev5 if ! latt] is expos$ to ! heavie/ seas kn[n4 ,! ,gu]nsey in/allation 0 complet$ = #h1ejj1 or #db1ejj1 & is z s]viceable z ! ord9>y type ( t[]1 :i* 9 ?is in/ance w\ld h co/ at lea/ #fj1jjj1 or #cjj1jjj1 to build & equip4 ,f ! ma9t5ance po9t ( view x is equally conv9c+ & economical1 inasmu* z only two keep]s are requir$ 9 ! place ( ! f\r :o o!rwise w\ld h be5 necess>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dal,n 8,,sun-,,valve10 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,wond]ful ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,mod]n ,,ligh?\se ,,eng9e]+4 ,dep5d+ ^u ! action ( daylight alone1 x automatically ignites & ext+ui%es ! light at dusk & dawn respectively4 ,! sy/em :i* has be5 devis$ by ,mr4 ,gu/af ,daln ( ,/ockholm1 & :i* is exploit$ by ! ,gas ,accumulator ,company ( ! ,sw$i% capital1 op]ates ) dissolv$ acetyl5e4 ,! fir/ light 9 ,sc&9avian wat]s to be br\ght into action ^u ! 8,aga0 pr9ciple1 z x is call$1 0 in/all$ 9 ! ,gasfet5 t[]1 an exce$+ly isolat$ beacon :i* (f]$ e means ( te/+ x ?or\ghly4 ,! idea foll[s ! broad l9es ( t adopt$ 9 connection ) light%ips1 &1 ! ,gasfet5 exp]im5ts prov+ completely successful1 x has be5 adopt$ ext5sively s9ce1 n only by ! ,sw$i% au?orities = ! light+ ( lonely wat]s 9 ! ,baltic ,sea & ,gulf ( ,bo?nia1 b by v>i\s o!r ,p[]s4 ,! ,/raits ( ,magellan are protect$ 9 ?is way1 & :5 "o recalls ! sp>se population :i* dwells ^u ! banks ( ?is %ort-cut betwe5 ! ,atlantic & ,pacific ,oceans1 & be>s 9 m9d ! fact t ! lights h to be left to _! own automatic action = "s mon?s on end1 !n "o may realize ! p]fection & reliability ( ! inv5tion4 ,! failure ( a light 9 su* trea*]\s wat]s w\ld be notifi$ spe$ily to ! au?orities responsible = ! illum9ation ( ?is sea-lane1 b no su* compla9ts appe> to h be5 receiv$ f pass+ vessels4 ,^! lonely lights = ! mo/ "p are ( a v simple "*1 a result due to local conditions4 ,z a rule !y are plant$ on l(ty em95ces--n at too high an elevation1 z !reby !y might be r5d]$ useless by headl& fogs--at a height v>y+ betwe5 #aej & #bej feet4 ,! base ( ! t[] =ms a space = ! accommodation ( ! gas-accumulators1 :]e9 ! illum9at+ m$ium is /or$ "u pressure1 surm\nt$ by ! lant]n :i* c>ries ! requisite optical app>atus1 & ! fla%] :]eby ! *>act]i/ic visual w>n+ is giv54 ,al?\gh adoption ( ! fla%] enabl$ ! consumption ( gas to be r$uc$ v appreciably1 !re 0 "o noticeable drawback3 ! light _h to burn bo? night & day1 unless clockwork me*anism 7 introduc$ to ext+ui% ! light at sunrise & to ignite x at twilight4 ,"s au?orities1 h[ev]1 d n place tru/ 9 clockwork me*anism4 ,c]ta9ly x is liable to fail at a critical mom5t1 & 9 ! case ( an isolat$ light1 sev]al hundr$ miles f ! ne>e/ base1 ?is w\ld be a s]i\s calamity1 intimation ( ! fact n be+ available until sev]al weeks aft] ! disability _h be5 obs]v$4 ,9 ord] to ov]come ! fallibility ( clockwork1 & to insure a /ill fur!r m>k$ decrease 9 ! consumption ( gas1 ,mr4 ,gu/af ,daln devot$ 8 en]gies to ! p]fection ( a device :i* %\ld a*ieve ! self-same end1 b be op]at$ by ,nature h]self4 ,8 ef=ts 7 cr[n$ ) complete success by ! inv5tion ( ! 8light-valve10 b :i* has become m widely kn[n z ! 8sun-valve40 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gas ,,accumulators ,,employ$ ,,9 ,,! ,,dal,n ,,automatic ,,sy/em4 ,! size ( ! /orage cyl9d] v>ies accord+ to ! "w1 "*1 & position ( ! beacon4 ,?is device is bas$ ^u a well-kn[n pr9ciple4 ,if two objects1 fa%ion$ f ! same metal1 & id5tical 9 e respect except t "o is made light-absorb+ & ! o!r light-reflect+1 are expos$ to daylight1 :ile ! =m] w exp&1 ! latt] w rema9 unaffect$4 ,?is result is due to ! fact t ! "o :i* absorbs light trans=ms x into en]gy4 ,! act+ "p ( ! 8sun-valve0 !re=e is a light-absorb]4 ,x consi/s ( a c5tral rod1 ! surface ( :i* is coat$ ) lampblack1 s t its light-absorb+ qualities are enhanc$ z mu* z possible4 ,! l[] "p ( ?is rod is connect$ to a small lev]1 :i* op5s & %uts an orifice ?r\gh :i* ! gas passes to ! fla%] 9 ! lant]n above4 ,ar\nd ?is c5tral black copp] rod are ?ree o!r copp] rods1 dispos$ equidi/antly4 ,!y resemble ! =m] 9 e respect except t !y h no light-absorb+ qualities1 b !y are giv5 poli%$ gold surfaces1 s t _! light-reflect+ prop]ties are rais$ to ! maximum4 ,?is sun-valve is expos$4 ,at ! break ( dawn1 "u ! ga!r+ int5sity ( daylight1 ! c5tral black rod absorbs ! lum9osity1 ! am\nt ( :i* is increas$ by ! light ?r[n f ! gold-burni%$ out] rods1 &1 conv]t+ x into en]gy1 exp&s longitud9ally4 ,9 s do+ x =ces ! lev] at ! base d[nw>ds1 clos+ ! op5+ ?r\gh :i* ! gas fl[s to ! fla%]4 ,9 a %ort :ile1 :5 ! day has brok5 fairly & !re is no fur!r ne$ = ! beacon's s]vices1 ! gas-fe$ is cut (f entirely1 only ! pilot burn] rema9+ alight1 ! gas-supply to ?is n be+ affect$ by ! sun-valve4 ,9 ord] to br+ ! greate/ possible pressure ^u ! lev]1 ! black5$ rod is s arrang$ t x c exp& only 9 "o direction--namely1 d[nw>ds4 ,^u ! approa* ( ev5+1 ow+ to ! daylight becom+ weak]1 ! black5$ rod contracts1 &1 ! pressure ^u ! lev] be+ releas$1 ! gas comm5ces to fl[ once m to ! burn]4 ,x is a small /ream at fir/1 b z ! d>kness ga!rs1 & ! %r9k+ cont9ues1 ! valve op5s wid] & wid]1 until at la/1 :5 night has settl$ d[n & ! copp] c5tral rod has fully contract$1 ! gas-valve is op5$ to its fulle/ ext5t1 p]mitt+ ! greate/ pressure ( gas to fl[ to ! burn]1 s t ! beacon ?r[s its mo/ brilliant light4 ,?is automatic action cont9ues infallibly e dawn & dusk1 & is ! simple/ & at ! same "t mo/ reliable means ( economiz+ gas dur+ ! day t has yet be5 devis$4 ,!re is ano!r feature ( ?is sy/em :i* mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,suppose1 = "s reason or o!r1 t ! sea becomes %r\d$ 9 suffus$ light1 su* z might arise f ! obscur+ ( ! sun by an ov]hang+ bank ( fog or smoke1 ! beacon comes automatically into s]vice1 z ! cutt+ (f ( ! daylight mu/ br+ ab\t a contraction ( ! black5$ copp] rod controll+ ! valve4 ,! c5tral rod c be adju/$ to any degree ( s5sitiv5ess1 by means ( a screw1 :ile protection ( ! vital p>ts is insur$ by enclosure )9 a heavy glass cyl9d]4 ,! fir/ app>atus ( ?is "* 0 te/$ by ! ,sw$i% au?orities 9 #aijg1 & prov$ s successful t x is n[ 9 s]vice at all ! expos$ unatt5d$ ligh?\ses 9 ,sw$i% & ,f9ni% wat]s2 :ile x has be5 adopt$1 also1 v ext5sively by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 m p>ticul>ly = ! light+ ( ! lonely /ret*es ( ! ,alaskan coa/l9e & ( ! ,panama ,canal4 ,( c\rse1 ! sav+ ( gas :i* is r5d]$ possible by ! use ( ! sun-valve v>ies accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>4 ,dur+ ! w9t]1 :5 ! nights are long1 ! sav+ may n be v m>k$1 b 9 ! summ]1 :5 d>kness does n la/ m ?an f\r or five h\rs1 ! economy is v noticeable4 ,accord+ to ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,sw$i% au?orities1 ! av]age sav+ ( gas dur+ ! ye> v>ies f #ce to #dj p] c5t41 z comp>$ ) simil> lights n fitt$ ) ?is device4 ,b !re is ano!r factor :i* is influ5c$ to a v appreciable degree by ! utilization ( ! sun-valve4 ,by cutt+ (f ! light :5 x is n requir$1 ! capacity (--i4e41 ! duration ( s]vice ^u--"o *>ge is l5g!n$1 & ?is 9 ! case ( an isolat$ light is a v important consid]ation4 ,9 fact1 ) ! 8,aga0 sy/em :]e9 ! sun-valve is comb9$ ) ! fla%]1 x is possible = ! light to "w a r\nd twelve mon?s )\t ! lea/ control or necessity = int]m$iate inspection1 & at z l[ an annual *>ge z #b #aes41 or ab\t #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,lag]holm5 ,,ligh?\se4 ,x m>ks a lonely dang]\s rock 9 ! ,baltic ,sea1 & op]ates ^u ! ,aga unatt5d$ automatic sy/em1 ) ,daln fla%] & 8sun-valve40 ,"o ( ! late/ unatt5d$ in/allations :i* h be5 c>ri$ out ^u ^! l9es is ! ,lag]holm5 ligh?\se1 m>k+ a dang]\s rock 9 ! ,baltic ,sea4 ,x is a cyl9drical t[]1 ) ! focal plane #ef feet #d in*es above sea-level1 & ! fla%+ light1 ) sun-valve control1 has a range ( eighte5 miles4 ,! geographical range1 h[ev]1 is only ?irte5 miles1 ow+ to ! comp>atively l[ height ( ! t[]4 ,an int]e/+ & +5i\s automatic unatt5d$ light has also be5 e/abli%$ 9 an isolat$ "p ( ! ,bri/ol ,*annel4 ,x 0 design$ by ,sir ,?omas ,mat!ws1 ! eng9e] to ! ,bre?r5 ( ,tr9ity ,h\se4 ,?is is purely & simply a clockwork-controll$ app>atus 9 :i* extreme c>e has be5 tak5 to elim9ate ! disadvantages incid5tal to su* me*anism4 ,?is type ( light 0 design$ to fulfil ?ree conditions--to give a fla%+ light2 to light up & g out at ! prop] times2 & to require att5tion only at long int]vals4 ,acetyl5e is ! illum9ant us$1 ! gas be+ /or$ 9 a res]voir "u high pressure4 ,! gas z x em]ges f ! supply cyl9d] is exp&$1 s t ! pressure at ! burn] does n exce$ #b p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,! out/&+ feature ( ?is app>atus is t ! clockwork control cutt+ (f & turn+ on ! gas does n require to be w\nd by h&1 b is actuat$ by ! me*anism :i* revolves ! l5ses1 ?r\gh a simple set ( ge>+4 ,! gas z x issues f ! res]voir passes into "o ( two cyl9d]s4 ,ea* ( ^! is provid$ ) an inlet & an exhau/ valve1 :ile ! upp] end is clos$ ) a lid ( lea!r1 cov]+ ! top l ! vellum ( a drum4 ,to ea* lea!r cov] is atta*$ a circul> piece ( metal1 small] ?an ! lea!r diaphragm1 & f ?is 9 turn ext5ds a v]tical rod1 ! upp] end ( :i* is connect$ to "o end ( a c5trally pivot$ rock+ arm4 ,:5 ! gas ent]s "o cyl9d]1 naturally 9 exp&+ x =ces ! lea!r lid upw>ds1 & ) x ! v]tical rod4 ,?is elevates ! correspond+ end ( ! rock+ arm1 & simultane\sly drives d[n ! rod atta*$ to ! opposite end ( ! beam1 :i* 9 turn drives d[n ! lea!r lid ( ! second cyl9d]1 & =ces out any gas t may be !re94 ,! app>atus consequ5tly is some?+ l a d\ble pump1 ow+ to ! rock+ arm hav+ a seesaw motion4 ,?is reciprocat+ action s]ves to w9d up ! clock1 & also to revolve ! l5ses ?r\gh spurs & p9ions4 ,! me*anism1 h[ev]1 is controll$ completely by ! clock :]eby ! light is />t$1 inasmu* z )\t ?is ! app>atus _c be set 9 motion4 ,!re are two dials1 "o ( :i* is divid$ into tw5ty-f\r divisions1 correspond+ to ! h\rs ( ! day1 & ! o!r into twelve divisions1 repres5t+ ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,! clocks "w toge!r1 & ! "t ( light+ up is advanc$ or ret>d$1 accord+ to ! "t ( ! ye>1 ?r\gh ! clock tra9 :eels4 ,! app>atus is v compact1 highly +5i\s1 & has prov$ effici5t 9 s]vice4 ,al?\gh ?is is ! fir/ application ( ! idea = rotat+ ! l5ses by ! gas :i* fe$s ! burn]s1 s f> z ,engl& is conc]n$1 x has be5 employ$ "u simil> circum/ances 9 ,g]many ) conspicu\s success1 9 comb9ation ) ! ,p9ts* oil-gas app>atuses1 b x lacks ! simplicity & reliability ( ! sun-valve4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,unatt5d$ ,,beacon ,,light+ ,,! ,,/raits ,,( ,,magellan4 ,?is w>n+1 fitt$ ) ,daln fla%] & sun-valve1 is visit$ once 9 six mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,automatic ,,light-,,boat4 ,?is novel w>n+ 0 con/ruct$ = in/allation at ! m\? ( a ,sw$i% riv] ow+ to ! extreme velocity ( ! curr5t4 ,su* a boat may be left unvisit$ = a ye> if desir$4 ,a diff]5t sy/em1 :i* has be5 adopt$ widely ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/ & 9 ,au/ralian wat]s1 is ! ,wigham petroleum beacon4 ,?is sy/em possesses _m notable features1 ! mo/ important be+ t well-ref9$ petroleum oil is employ$4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! _w c>bide ( calcium is n readily obta9able1 &1 moreov]1 is some:at exp5sive1 :]eas1 on ! o!r h&1 oil is comp>atively *eap & available 9 unlimit$ quantities4 ,! pr9ciple ( work+ is some:at novel4 ,! wick is n burn$ 9 ! mann] g5]ally foll[$ 9 reg>d to lamps--viz41 at ! end1 :i* )9 a %ort "t becomes c>boniz$ & br+s a m>k$ dim9ution ( ! illum9at+ p[]--b x is mov$ s t ! same "p is n expos$ cont9u\sly to ! action ( ! heat aris+ f combu/ion4 ,x is caus$ to travel horizontally ov] a small roll]1 9 a specially-con/ruct$ burn]1 combu/ion tak+ place1 !re=e1 on its flat side4 ,x is mov$ sl[ly & cont9u\sly ov] ?is roll]1 s t x _c burn ?r\gh1 & 9 ?is mann] ! flame1 be+ con/antly emitt$ f a fre% surface1 is ( uni=m int5sity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wigham ,,?irty-,,"o ,,day ,,unatt5d$ ,,petroleum ,,light4 ,! type at left %[s ! lamp c>ri$ ^u a ca/-iron pill>2 :ile on ! "r x is m\nt$ ^u a lattice t[]4 ,! lamp comprises ?ree ma9 p>ts4 ,!re is ! lant]n1 ) ! l5s & ! project+ panes ( plate-glass1 9 ! focus ( :i* ! burn] is fix$4 ,!n !re is ! burn+-oil res]voir1 :i* fe$s ! wick z x moves t[>ds ! burn]4 ,?is res]voir is circul> 9 %ape1 some:at %all[1 & s]ves z a deck on :i* ! lant]n is built up4 ,! ?ird "p is ! float cyl9d]1 made ( copp]1 :i* is atta*$ to ! und]side ( ! oil res]voir4 ,?is cyl9d] is fill$ ) oil1 :i* is kept q di/9ct f ! burn+ oil1 & !reon floats a weight$ copp] drum1 to :i* "o end ( ! wick is secur$ by means ( a hook4 ,at ! l[] end ( ?is cyl9d] is a micromet] valve1 :i* :5 op5$ p]mits ! oil to drip away at a c]ta9 spe$4 ,?is causes ! float to fall ) ! oil 9 ! cyl9d]1 & to drag ! wick ov] ! burn] roll] & d[n ! float cyl9d] aft] x1 s t a fre% surface ( ! wick is pres5t$ cont9u\sly = combu/ion4 ,! lamps !mselves may be divid$ into two broad classes--! s+le-wick & ! ?ree-wick respectively4 ,! latt] obvi\sly emits ! m brilliant light1 & is ! type :i* is com+ into m ext5sive use at ! pres5t "t4 ,9 ! late/ type a duplex burn] is employ$1 & ?is has be5 f\nd to give a v p[]ful light ) a comp>atively l[ oil consumption4 ,! light is g5]ally c>ri$ at ! top ( a lattice-"w /eel t[]4 ,a support ( ?is "* c be tak5 to pieces1 pack$ )9 small compass1 & transport$ )\t difficulty1 :ile erection is simplifi$ & facilitat$4 ,see+ t a l>ge numb] ( ^! beacons h be5 erect$ on headl&s along ! wilde/ /ret*es ( ! ,african cont95t & ! lonelie/ coa/s ( ,au/ralia1 :]e ! me?ods ( transport are re/rict$ to coolies or mules1 ?is me?od ( pack+ is di/9ctly advantage\s4 ,! lamp is secur$ to ! top ( ! t[]1 ) ! float cyl9d] ( ! lamp dep5d+ f ! c5tre4 ,9 ?is arrangem5t1 z a rule1 a small tank is provid$ into :i* a dra9-pipe empties ! oil dropp+ f ! drip-valve4 ,9 ?is way ! oil may be drawn (f1 filt]$1 & us$ aga9 9 ! float cyl9d]4 ,9 "s in/ances ! lamp is m\nt$ ^u a ca/-iron column1 9 :i* case ! float cyl9d] & ! oil-drip tank are plac$ )9 ! tube1 access !reto be+ obta9$ ?r\gh a door4 ,! l5g? ( s]vice on "o *>ge v>ies accord+ to ! situation ( ! light4 ,if 9 a v expos$ & inaccessible place1 x may be requir$ to burn = two or ?ree mon?s )\t att5tion4 ,tak5 on ! av]age1 h[ev]1 a mon?ly *>ge has be5 f\nd to (f] ! greate/ advantages4 ,b 9 "s places ! long] int]val is unavoidable4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,wigham light :i* is m\nt$ ^u ! extremity ( ! ,manora breakwat] at ,k>a*i _c be approa*$ = ?ree mon?s at a "t dur+ ! monsoon4 ,"u ^! circum/ances a "o-hundr$-day s]vice is imp]ative4 ,! l5ses are ( ! dioptric ord]1 consi/+ ( six elem5ts built up into a /rong gun-metal framework4 ,! int]nal diamet] naturally v>ies ) ! size & numb] ( ! wicks1 & ranges f #aj in*es = a #a-a_/h in* s+le wick1 to #ae in*es 9 ! case ( a #a-e_/h in* ?ree-wick lamp4 ,9 ! l>g] sizes a curv$ plate-glass pane is fitt$ outside ! l5s z a protection f ! action ( ! wea!r4 ,^! /orm-panes are set 9 copp] doors1 s t ! glasses may be easily clean$ & poli%$ :5 ! lamp is be+ retrimm$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,willson ,,gas ,,& ,,:i/l+ ,,float+ ,,light ,,(f ,,egg ,,isl&1 ,,nova ,,scotia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,willson 8,,out] ,,automatic10 ,,halifax1 ,,nova ,,scotia4 ,! ma9t5ance *>ges are guid$ by ! local m>ket values ( mat]ials & lab\r1 ! item ( repairs & r5ewals be+ practically negligible4 ,s f> z oil consumption p] mon? is conc]n$1 ?is fluctuates accord+ to ! type ( lamp us$1 rang+ f #a-a_/e p9ts p] tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 or #dh gallons p] mon?1 9 ! case ( a #a-a_/h-;in* s+le-wick burn]1 to #b p9ts p] tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 or #h gallons ( oil p] mon?1 9 ! case ( ! late/ #a-e_/h-;in* duplex-wick burn]4 ,am]ican petroleum-oil1 ( a specific gravity ( ab\t #jgie1 gives ! be/ results & ! brighte/ & cle>e/ flame4 ,russian & o!r heavi] oils g5]ally us$ 9 ligh?\ses are unsuitable4 ,9 view ( ! _w-wide op]ations ( ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company1 h[ev]1 no difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 procur+ adequate supplies ( ?is oil any:]e betwe5 ! two ,poles4 ,! oil us$ 9 ! float cyl9d]1 z m5tion$ previ\sly1 is q di/9ct f ! burn+ oil1 & is us$ only to support ! float to :i* ! wick is atta*$4 ,z ! oil escapes ?r\gh ! drip-valve1 x may be all[$ to run to wa/e1 or1 :at is f> pref]able1 x may be caught1 filt]$1 & us$ aga9 = ?is purpose1 to br+ ab\t a r$uction 9 ! co/ ( upkeep4 ,! float cyl9d] ( a ?irty-"o-day light1 irrespective ( ! numb] ( wicks1 requires ! same quantity ( oil = ! float cyl9d]--#i gallons4 ,! advantages ( ! unatt5d$1 automatic light h be5 appreciat$ by ! v>i\s m>itime ,p[]s1 & _! application is be+ develop$ rapidly4 ,!y are inexp5sive 9 fir/ co/1 & _! ma9t5ance *>ges are v l[4 ,9 ,sw$5 a second-ord] light1 consum+ #f cubic feet ( acetyl5e gas p] h\r1 ?r[+ a fix$ :ite light ( #d1jjj c&le-p[]1 & visible = sev5te5 miles 9 cle> wea!r1 co/s ab\t #ae1 or #ge1 p] annum2 :ile ! small] lights1 ) a #cjj-millimetre l5s & a #ab-;in* burn] emitt+ #cfj c&le-p[]1 may be run = #b1 or #aj1 p] annum1 ! l[ co/ 9 ?is in/ance be+ attributable to use ( ! ,daln fla%] & sun-valve4 ,! co/ ( ! acetyl5e gas av]ages d41 or #a c5ts1 p] cubic foot1 a result attributable to ! fact t ,sc&9avia is ! _w's l>ge/ produc] ( c>bide ( calcium4 ,! ,wigham petroleum sy/em has prov$ simil>ly economical & reliable1 & has be5 in/all$ 9 "s ( ! wilde/ corn]s ( ! globe4 ,! ,conge/$ ,di/ricts ,bo>d = ,irel& h e/abli%$ a numb] ( ^! beacons on ! rugg$ we/ coa/ to assi/ ! fi%]m5 9 mak+ _! h>b\rs at night4 ,_m are plac$ 9 v expos$ positions on headl&s1 :]e !y are frequ5tly swept by ! full =ce ( ! ,atlantic gales4 ,! ,au/rian ,gov]nm5t has adopt$ ! pr9ciple = light+ ! dang]\s coa/s ( ! ,adriatic ne> ,trie/e1 :ile ! %orel9e ( ,jamaica is safegu>d$ by m ?an sixte5 lights ( ?is type4 ,_m ( ^! lights suff]$ sev]ely f ! effects ( ! e>?quake :i* ov]:elm$ ! isl& a few ye>s ago1 b o!rs )/ood all ! %ocks successfully4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 _h exp5sive & massive ligh?\ses ( ! usual type be5 erect$1 ! loss w\ld h be5 consid]able1 9 view ( ! sev]ity ( ?is seismic di/urbance & ! widespread de/ruction :i* 0 wr\ght4 ,^! lights play a v prom95t "p 9 ! gu>d+ ( ! s\!rn ocean1 ! ,au/ralian %ores be+ protect$ by ov] sixty su* beacons1 _m ( :i* are e/abli%$ 9 v expos$ & isolat$ positions (f ! ma9l&4 ,:ile ! day is /ill f> di/ant :5 exp5sive graceful t[]s1 c>ry+ imm5sely p[]ful lights1 w be no long] con/ruct$1 ! p]fection & utility ( ! unatt5d$ light1 9 "o or o!r ( its _m =ms1 are assi/+ tangibly 9 ! solution ( ! problem ( light+ busy %orel9es adequately & inexp5sively4 ,/ructures co/+ t5s ( ?\s&s /]l+ 9 future w be re/rict$ to important places1 especially 9 connection ) sea-rocks1 su* z l&falls1 or to ^? "s di/ance f ! l&1 :]e a fog-signal /ation mu/ be ma9ta9$1 unless ! example ( ! ,platte ,f\gre l&-controll$ /ation becomes adopt$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,float+ ,,ligh?\ses ,h& 9 h& ) ! developm5t ( ! unatt5d$ light = s]vice on l& positions has proce$$ ! adaptation ( ! float+ light4 ,?is may be describ$ briefly z an enl>g$ edition ( ! light$ buoy1 :i* is su* a conspicu\s feature ( our h>b\rs & e/u>ies4 ,yet x is m ?an a buoy4 ,x c fulfil all ! purposes ( a light-vessel1 bo? z reg>ds ! emission ( a ray ( light or a di/9ctive s\nd1 s t bo? audible & visual w>n+ are giv5 simultane\sly4 ,^! lights likewise are automatic 9 _! action1 &1 :5 set go+1 require no fur!r att5tion = "s "t4 ,n9e mon?s or m are (t5 p]mitt$ to pass )\t human h&s t\*+ !m1 & !y h solv$ "s v ab/ruse problems 9 connection ) coa/ light+4 ,= in/ance1 !re is probably no su* lonely /ret* ( coa/l9e z t ( ,briti% ,columbia & ,alaska4 ,!re is only "o l>ge port nor? ( ,vanc\v]--,pr9ce ,rup]t--& ?is ris+ hive ( m>itime activity is #eej miles di/ant4 ,! coa/ is z wild z t ( ,norway1 :i*1 inde$1 x resembles v closely1 bri/l+ z x does ) fjords & isl&s1 ) rugg$ cliffs ris+ abruptly f ! wat] to a height ( sev]al hundr$ feet4 ,navigation at night is extremely haz>d\s1 z ! pa? leads by devi\s ways ?r\gh deep *annels int]sect+ ! out] b>ri]s ( isl&s1 :]e fogs hang l[ & ?ickly4 ,! capta9 has to pick 8 way c>efully1 det]m9+ 8 c\rse by tim+ ! p]iod betwe5 ! bla/ ( 8 sir5 & its e*o1 z x is ?r[n f headl& to headl&4 ,z ! pass5g] traffic develop$1 ! ma/]s ( ! vessels entru/$ ) s _m human lives felt ! increas$ responsibility ke5ly1 & agitat$ = m adequate protection4 ,! erection ( ligh?\ses1 ev5 ( ! mo/ economical type1 w\ld h entail$ huge exp5diture by bo? ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canadian ,gov]nm5ts1 :ile ! "q ( ma9t5ance w\ld h bri/l$ ) se>*+ problems4 ,accord+ly1 x 0 decid$ to adopt ! float+ automatic sy/em1 :i* _h prov$ em95tly satisfactory 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,9 ?is mann] a highly successful & inexp5sive solution ( ! difficulty 0 f\nd4 ,^! buoys h be5 in/all$ at all ! mo/ trea*]\s po9ts lead+ to s\nds & canals1 z ! lo*s are call$1 & h be5 f\nd 9 e way equal to ! simple/ type ( att5d$ ligh?\se4 ,! s\!rn coa/ ( ,nova ,scotia has be5 protect$ 9 a simil> mann]1 a *a9 ( automatic lights1 spac$ t5 miles ap>t1 hav+ be5 complet$1 s t ?is wild1 rugg$ %ore is patroll$ v effici5tly at ! pres5t mom5t4 ,o!r c\ntries h n be5 dilatory 9 adopt+ ! same me?ods4 ,consequ5tly1 to-day ! automatic float+ ligh?\se is "o ( ! h&ie/1 mo/ effici5t & reliable devices = assi/+ navigation t ! ligh?\se eng9e] has at 8 comm&4 ,! lights assume diff]5t =ms1 ?is factor be+ influ5c$ by position1 specific duty1 & local conditions4 ,simil>ly1 ! "* ( ! illum9ant employ$ also v>ies1 acetyl5e1 compress$ oil-gas1 petroleum1 & electricity1 be+ utiliz$1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 acetyl5e gas appe>s to be ! mo/ fav\r$ illum9at+ m$ium1 inasmu* z ! prep>ation ( ! c>bide ( calcium has und]gone su* m>k$ improvem5t4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,?omas ,l4 ,willson discov]$ ! *eap process = ! manufacture ( c>bide ( calcium ^u a comm]cial scale1 & ! new indu/ry became plac$ ^u a firm foot+1 x 0 only natural t ! inv5tor %\ld realize ! possibilities ( apply+ ! new illum9ant to ! assi/ance ( navigation4 ,acetyl5e gas gives a brilliant cle> light ( int5se :it5ess1 :i* is capable ( p5etrat+ a great di/ance4 ,accord+ly1 he set to "w to devise a buoy light$ by ?is gas1 & able to c>ry suffici5t /orage ( calcium c>bide to burn = weeks or mon?s )\t att5tion4 ,:5 he _h complet$ ! fir/ app>atus ( ?is "*1 he h&$ x ov] to ! ,m>9e ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t = submission to any te/ t !y might consid] exp$i5t1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! limits ( its application4 ,! buoy 0 set 9 position & wat*$ c>efully4 ,p]iodically x 0 exam9$ to asc]ta9 :e!r ov]haul+ & clean+ 7 necess>y1 z well z ! behavi\r ( ! light "u all conditions ( wea!r4 ,capta9s ( vessels pass+ ! beacon 7 reque/$ to pron\nce _! op9ions ^u ! quality ( ! light1 & _! rem>ks conc]n+ its range1 facility ) :i* x might be pick$ up1 reliability1 & s =?1 7 c>efully m>%all$ & dige/$ by ! au?orities4 ,precisely :at ! (ficials ?\ght ( ! inv5tion is reflect$ mo/ conv9c+ly by ! fact t to-day ov] #cjj lights work+ ^u ?is pr9ciple are /ation$ 9 ,canadian wat]s1 bo? ^u ! /orm-b\nd ocean coa/s & ^u ! w9d-swept %ores ( ! ,great ,lakes & wat]ways4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,,sectional ,,elevation ,,( ,,! ,,willson ,,automatic ,,float+ ,,light4 7,see next page47 ,! ,willson buoys are absolutely automatic 9 _! op]ation4 ,all ! impurities 9 ! gas are remov$ by pass+ x ?r\gh a special purifi]1 s t ! burn] _c become clogg$ or ! light impov]i%$4 ,a *>ge ( #a1cjj to #a1ejj p\nds ( c>bide is c>ri$ )9 ! app>atus1 & ! gas is g5]at$ "u l[ pressure4 ,! lant]n is fitt$ ) a ,fresnel l5s1 s t ! light is cond5s$ into an int5sely p[]ful & p5etrat+ horizontal beam4 ,"o prom95t feature is t ! c&le-p[] ( acetyl5e gas is sev5 times z high z t ( compress$ oil-gas1 :ile ! res]voir ( a giv5 size w conta9 ?is equival5t ( m light4 ,! c&le-p[] ( ^! float+ lights obvi\sly v>ies1 ! l>ge/ size be+ capable ( emitt+ a beam ( #a1jjj c&le-p[]1 ?is flame be+ ! maximum t ! l5s w /& )\t break+4 ,! con/ruction & ! pr9ciple ( op]ation are exce$+ly simple1 z may be ga!r$ f ref]5ce to ,fig4 #af4 ,! beacon comprises a gas g5]ator tube ( /eel 7#a71 :i* is support$ by ! /eel float *amb] 7#b71 on ! upp] side ( :i* is plac$ ! support 7#c7 c>ry+ ! lant]n 7#d74 ,/ability is insur$ by means ( ! c\nt]weight 7#f7 atta*$ to ! l[] end ( ! g5]ator tube4 ,a few feet f ! bottom ( ! latt] is a diaphragm 7#g71 fitt$ c5trally ) a conically-seat$ valve 7#h7 :i* is m\nt$ on a /em 7#i74 ,?is ext5ds ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! g5]ator & its head 7#aj74 ,! upp] end ( ! valve /em c>ries a hexagonal nut 7#aa71 :ile ! /em itself at ?is po9t has a keyway cut into x4 ,a spl9e is fitt$ into ! g5]ator head to engage ! keyway1 & :5 ! nut 7#aa7 is turn$ to close or to op5 ! valve1 ! /em itself _c move ) x1 except 9 two directions only--up or d[n4 ,! nut itself _c be turn$ too f>1 9 :i* ev5t x might drop ! /em & valve1 z !re is a /op-coll> 7#ab74 ,leakage ( gas is prev5t$ by a cap 7#ad71 :i* is screw$ into ! g5]ator head & seal$ ) a rubb] wa%]4 ,?is cap is suffici5tly long to p]mit ! valve /em to be rais$ or l[]$ s z to adju/ ! movem5t ( ! valve4 ,! /em ( ! valve is protect$ f ! c>bide by enclosure )9 a tube 7#ac71 :i* works ?r\gh a guide b> 7#bd7 bolt$ to ! side ( ! g5]ator tube4 ,a grid 7#bc7 is fitt$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! diaphragm 7#g7 & surr\nd+ ! valve 7#h71 s z to prev5t small pieces ( c>bide1 :i* may pass ?r\gh ! grate 7#af71 f fall+ into ! wat]1 & !reby be+ wa/$4 ,! /eel grate ^u :i* ! c>bide re/s is atta*$ to ! inside ( ! g5]ator1 a %ort di/ance above ! diaphragm4 ,! grid 7#bc7 also acts z a valve seat1 & is provid$ ) a rubb] pack+ 7#ae71 :i* is held 9 a groove 9 ! seat1 & projects a suffici5t di/ance to make a good jo9t ) ! valve 7#h7 :5 x is clos$1 ev5 if ! valve happ5 to be f\l4 ,! c>bide ( calcium1 9 ! =m ( l>ge cry/als measur+ ab\t #h by #d in*es1 is plac$ 9 ! g5]ator tube :5 ! beacon is imm]s$ 9 ! wat]1 ! valve 7#h7 be+ op5$ & ! valve-cap 7#ad7 screw$ d[n4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! c\nt]weight 7#f7 is an orifice ?r\gh :i* ! wat] ent]s f ! outside1 & passes ?r\gh ! op5 valve1 to come into contact ) ! c>bide re/+ ^u ! grate4 ,gas is g5]at$ in/antly1 to asc5d ?r\gh ! c>bide into ! purify+ *amb] 7#e71 :]e all delet]i\s matt] is remov$1 ! gas escap+ !nce ?r\gh ! small ap]ture 7#ag7 & pipe 7#ah7 to ! lant]n1 to :i* ! supply-pipe is connect$ by ! aid ( ! c\pl+ 7#ai74 ,( c\rse1 at times gas is liable to be g5]at$ m rapidly ?an x c be consum$4 ,:at happ5s8 ,! app>atus is n provid$ ) facilities to receive ! surplus gas4 ,be+ unable to escape upw>ds ?r\gh ! g5]ator tube1 x collects at ! bottom1 & z ! pressure increases x gradually =ces ! wat] away f ! c>bide1 s t g5]ation ceases1 & is n resum$ until ! surplus gas has be5 absorb$1 :5 ! wat] once m is able to come into contact ) ! c>bide4 ,?us x w be se5 t ! gas g5]ation is controll$ automatically1 & t x is almo/ impossible = ! gas pressure )9 ! plant to rea* a disruptive degree1 ow+ to ! fact t :5 x exce$s a c]ta9 limit x has a free v5t f ! bottom ( ! device1 :]e ! wat] normally is p]mitt$ to ent] to c>ry out its design$ purpose4 ,?is inv5tion has be5 utiliz$ = a wide v>iety ( purposes1 f ! light+ ( h>b\rs1 navigable *annels1 riv]s1 bays1 & s =?1 to t ( expos$ coa/s4 ,! automatic beacon1 prop]ly s call$1 has a t[]1 :i* br+s ! focal plane to an elevation v>y+ betwe5 #ej & #ajj feet1 ?is t[] be+ built ( lattice /eelwork atta*$ to ! top half ( ! buoy1 ) a day m>k surr\nd+ ! lant]n gall]y1 access to :i* is secur$ by an iron ladd]4 ,?is type ( light c>ries a suffici5t /orage ( c>bide 9 a s+le *>ge to keep ! light burn+ cont9u\sly = ab\t =ty weeks4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! only modification f t already describ$ is t ! wat] = ! production ( ! gas is admitt$ into ! top in/ead ( to ! bottom ( ! g5]ator4 ,:5 an excess ( gas occurs1 ! pressure !re( drives ! wat] away f ! c>bide until ! surplus has be5 consum$4 ,ano!r type1 some:at small]1 c>ry+ a *>ge suffici5t = ne>ly six mon?s1 has prov$ highly successful z a coa/al light1 "s ?irty beacons ( ?is class be+ /ation$ along ! %ore ( ,briti% ,columbia4 ,! only tr\ble exp]i5c$ !re) 9 ^! wat]s has be5 due to fro/1 :i*1 solidify+ ! wat] ar\nd ! buoy1 has int]rupt$ ! design$ functions4 ,b probably ! mo/ complete & useful type ( ,willson acetyl5e gas beacon is t 9 :i* ! ,c\rt5ay :i/l+ device is incorporat$1 s t 9 ?ick wea!r audible w>n+ ( ! dang] may be ext5d$4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! float+ *amb] :i* supports ! sup]/ructure c>ry+ ! light & also ! g5]ator tube1 is fitt$ ) two fur!r tubes :i* project f ! base l huge legs4 ,^! tubes are op5 at ! bottom1 b are clos$ at ! top except = a connection ) a valve-cas+1 :i* is fitt$ ) a ball-valve1 & ^u :i* a p[]ful :i/le is bolt$4 ,n[1 if ! buoy is l[]$ & an*or$ 9 absolutely /ill wat]1 ! wat] w rise to ! same level )9 ! tubes z x is outside2 b :5 ! buoy is lift$ ^u ! cre/ ( a wave1 ! level ( ! wat] falls1 s t ! air space )9 ! tubes is increas$4 ,air ent]s ?is augm5t$ space ?r\gh ! ball-*eck inlet valve 9 ! valve-cas+4 ,:5 ! beacon falls1 naturally ! wat] endeav\rs to ma9ta9 its level )9 ! tubes1 & !re=e ! air :i* 0 admitt$ into ! space becomes compress$1 to be expell$ ?r\gh ! only possible v5t--! :i/le--!reby produc+ a v p[]ful bla/4 ,?irty ( ^! comb9$ light & :i/l+ buoys h be5 /rung along ! rugg$ ,nova ,scotia coa/1 & h prov$ highly popul>1 t outside ,halifax h>b\r be+ kn[n colloquially among seaf>]s z ! 8,out] ,automatic40 ,ano!r acetyl5e sy/em1 b work+ ^u a bett] pr9ciple1 has be5 p]fect$ 9 ,sw$51 &1 inde$1 n[ has be5 adopt$ univ]sally1 ow+ to its _m excell5t features4 ,?is is ! 8,aga0 light1 :i* is ! inv5tion ( ,mr4 ,gu/af ,daln1,c & :i* has be5 br\ght to a high /age ( comm]cial success by ! ,gas ,accumulator ,company ( ,/ockholm4 ,i h po9t$ out ! "o objection to ! ,willson acetyl5e automatic light--namely1 its uselessness :5 ! surr\nd+ wat] becomes froz54 ,:ile ?is drawback does n affect its sph]e ( utility to a noticeable degree 9 ,canadian wat]s1 x acts some:at adv]sely 9 o!r seas :]e simil> conditions prevail1 b :]e ! navigable *annels are kept op5 by ice-break]s1 su* z1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,baltic ,sea4 ,mr4 ,daln recogniz$ ?is weak po9t 9 any sy/em :]e9 contact ) wat] is responsible = ! g5]ation ( ! gas1 & accord+ly s\ght = a sup]ior me?od4 ,=tunately1 ! p]fection ( a new means ( h&l+ acetyl5e1 by ,fr5* inv5tors1 (f]$ ! complete solution ( ! problem 9 a practical way4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is lies 9 ! use ( dissolv$ acetyl5e1 :i* is p]fectly safe f explosion1 & c be h&l$ ) ! greate/ facility4 ,! gas c be /or$ 9 cyl9d]s simil> to ^? us$ = conta9+ oxyg5 & hydrog5 "u pressure1 gases :i* are easi] to transport ?an c>bide ( calcium1 &1 :at is f> m important1 climatic conditions d n ex]cise ! slighte/ influ5ce ^u x4 ,c ,! humane lab\rs ( ,mr4 ,daln receiv$ recognition by ! aw>d ( ! ,nobel ,peace ,prize 9 #aiab4 ,dissolv$ acetyl5e may be /or$ )9 ! cyl9d]1 or accumulator1 z x is call$1 to a pressure ( at lea/ t5 atmosph]es1 & at ?is pressure x conta9s #ajj times its own volume ( acetyl5e gas4 ,! accumulators may be made ( any desir$ size1 ?is factor be+ gov]n$ by consid]ations ( transport & application1 z well z ( ! consumption ( ! burn]4 ,! p]fection ( ! dissolv$ acetyl5e process came z a great boon to ! ,sw$i% light+ au?orities1 inasmu* z !y h probably ! mo/ difficult /ret* ( coa/l9e 9 ! _w to protect4 ,at ! same "t1 ow+ to ! wild1 expos$ "* ( _m ( ! po9ts :i* dem&$ light+1 a p]fect1 economical1 & reliable automatic sy/em 0 9 urg5t dem&4 ,acetyl5e 0 an obvi\s illum9ant1 s9ce1 :ile ! c\ntry is defici5t 9 ! ess5tial res\rces = ! prep>ation ( o!r fuels1 c>bide ( calcium is v *eap1 ,sw$51 9 fact1 be+ ! l>ge/ produc] ( ?is commodity4 ,! ,sw$i% ,bo>d ( ,pilotage exp]im5t$ ) acetyl5e light+ = six or sev5 ye>s1 submitt+ e kn[n acetyl5e light+ sy/em to se>*+ practical trials1 b fail$ to be suffici5tly conv9c$ on ! vital "q ( reliability4 ,freez+-up 0 ! mo/ pron\nc$ %ortcom+1 b :5 dissolv$ acetyl5e appe>$ z a comm]cial product ?is disadvantage 0 remov$ completely1 & acetyl5e 0 adopt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,kalkgrundet10 ,,sw$5',s ,,late/ ,,automatic ,,light%ip4 ,! ,daln ,fla%] is us$1 & ?is und\bt$ly is ! f9e/ vessel ( its type 9 ! _w4 ,yet dissolv$ acetyl5e1 ?\gh completely successful1 possess$ "o drawback4 ,x 0 exp5sive z comp>$ ) oil-gas4 ,accord+ly1 !re 0 great scope = a means ( economiz+ ! consumption ( ! fuel )\t int]f]+ ) its light+ value & effici5cy4 ,at ! same "t a sup]ior fla%+ sy/em 0 desir$4 ,! me?ods :i* 7 9 vogue to ?is end 7 satisfactory s f> z !y w5t1 b !y involv$ a consid]able useless consumption ( gas4 ,?is is :]e ,mr4 ,gu/af ,daln complet$ "o ( 8 greate/ a*ievem5ts4 ,he p]fect$ a fla%+ app>atus :]e9 ! gas passes to ! burn] 9 int]mitt5t puffs1 to be ignit$ by a small invisible pilot light4 ,! device 0 te/$ & prov$ s successful t x 0 adopt$ ?r\gh\t ! s]vice4 ,9 ,sw$i% wat]s to-day !re are #abg aids to navigation op]at+ ^u ?is sy/em1 ( :i* five are light%ips4 ,! success ( ! inv5tion 9 ! l& ( its orig9 attract$ o!r nations to its possibilities4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t ov] #gjj lights1 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 are work+ ^u ?is pr9ciple4 ,if a beacon ?r[s a fix$ light1 unless x is ( extreme p[]1 x is liable to be confus$ ) a %ip's ma/-light1 a fact :i* 0 f\nd to be "o ( ! greate/ objections to ! fix$ :ite light ( ! acetyl5e aid to navigation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a fla%+ w>n+ mu/ be ( su* a "* t x _c be mi/ak5 = ! tw9kl+ ( a brilliant />1 or ( a light :i* has no?+ to d ) navigation4 ,?is is :]e ! 8,aga0 fla%] emphasizes its value4 ,x ?r[s a %ort1 p[]ful gleam at brief int]vals4 ,! m>9] _c possibly confuse or miscon/rue x2 ! regul>ity ( ! fla% arre/s 8 imm$iate att5tion1 & its purport may be div9$ in/antly4 ,! app>atus is simple & highly effective1 :ile x has ! advantage t ! p]iods ( light & d>kness c be alt]$ 9 relation to "o ano!r1 or gr\p$1 z desir$4 ,f ! ma9t5ance po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 ! inv5tion is ( f> great] significance4 ,z ! gas is consum$ only dur+ ! light p]iods1 :i* are v brief 9 comp>ison ) ! eclipse1 ! economy effect$ is v appreciable4 ,:5 ! app>atus 0 fir/ br\ght )9 ! range ( practical application1 _m au?orities1 :i* _h become w$d$ to ! oil-gas light+ sy/em1 :]e9 ! light fla%es are ( long duration 9 comp>ison ) ! d>k p]iods1 ma9ta9$ t ! ,daln fla% 0 too %ort to be ( any value4 ,!y disreg>d$ ! fact t ! p[] ( ! acetyl5e-gas fla% is ab\t sev5 times z int5se z t ( ! oil-gas light4 ,= in/ance1 :5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates acquir$ ! fir/ ,aga light 9 ! autumn ( #aijh1 ! au?orities dem&$ ei!r a *>act]i/ic signal compris+ t5 seconds ( light foll[$ by five seconds ( d>kness1 or fla%es & eclipses ( equal duration--five seconds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,sv9b,,dan10 ,,unatt5d$ ,,light%ip ,,9 ,,sw$i% ,,wat]s4 ,x works ^u ! ,daln sy/em ) fla%]1 giv+ a fla% ( #jc second duration1 foll[$ by d>kness = #bg seconds4 ,!re 0 a prejudice aga9/ %ort1 p[]ful1 & (t-repeat+ fla%es1 ma9ly because _! advantages 7 misund]/ood4 ,practical exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 demon/rat$ ! fact t ! p]iod ( light might be r$uc$ v consid]ably1 &1 z a result ( prolong$ inve/igations1 ! ,sw$i% ,bo>d ( ,pilotage adopt$ a *>act]i/ic compris+ #jc second light foll[$ by d>kness = #bg seconds4 ,?is has become kn[n s9ce z ! 8"o-t5? fla%10 ow+ to ! lum9\s int]val occupy+ "o-t5? ( ! comb9$ p]iod ( light & d>kness4 ,x w be se5 t1 z a result ( ?is arrangem5t1 tw5ty fla%es are ?r[n p] m9ute4 ,z ! flame is light$ = only "o-t5? ( ! signal p]iod1 x w be se5 t ! sav+ ( gas am\nts to #ij p] c5t41 z comp>$ ) ! light :i* is burn+ con/antly4 ,accord+ly1 ! gas *>ge w la/ t5 times z long ) ! fla%+ app>atus2 consequ5tly1 ! accumulator ne$ h only "o-t5? ( ! capacity ( t = a simil> beacon :i* burns con/antly4 ,! economy really is n q #ij p] c5t41 z a c]ta9 volume ( gas is consum$ by ! pilot flame1 :i* ignites ! *>ge ( gas issu+ f ! fla%] burn]4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is an insignificant item1 inasmu* z ! quantity ( gas burn$ by ! pilot light does n exce$ "o-?ird ( a cubic foot p] tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,n only has ?is highly +5i\s sy/em be5 adapt$ to v>y+ types ( buoys1 simil> 9 design & range ( action to ^? describ$ 9 connection ) ! ,willson app>atus1 :]e9 ! light may be left unatt5d$ = z long z twelve mon?s1 accord+ to ! capacity ( ! accumulator1 b x has also be5 appli$ to 8light-boats0 & light-vessels4 ,! 8light-boat0 is a hybrid1 be+ a comb9ation ( ! buoy & ! light%ip1 & 0 devis$ to meet special conditions4 ,?us1 ! 8,g]holm50 light-boat /ation$ 9 ! m\? ( a ,sw$i% riv]1 :]e ! curr5t runs exce$+ly /rongly1 resembles a small boat ) a wat]-tight deck4 ,f ! c5tre ( ?is rises a /eel tripod1 at ! top ( :i* ! lant]n is plac$4 ,! gas accumulators are /or$ )9 ! hull1 & are ( suffici5t capacity to ma9ta9 ! light = a r\nd twelvemon? )\t att5tion1 z ! fla%+ app>atus is incorporat$4 ,! ,aga light has come to be reg>d$ z "o ( ! greate/ developm5ts 9 ligh?\se eng9e]+1 & has be5 adopt$ ext5sively ?r\gh\t ! _w 9 connection ) ei!r float+ or fix$ aids to navigation4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates h decid$ to adopt ! sy/em exclusively h5ce=?1 until a fur!r progressive /ep is a*iev$1 & sev]al float+ lights ( ?is type h be5 acquir$ already to gu>d wild & lonely /ret*es ( ! coa/l9e4 ,"h & !re attempts h be5 made to apply electricity to inaccessible lights4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ endeav\r 9 ?is direction 0 9 connection ) ! light+ ( ! ,g$ney ,*annel f ! op5 ,atlantic to ,new ,york h>b\r4 ,?is =m]ly con/itut$ ! only available highway = ! big l9]s1 & x is exce$+ly tortu\s & trea*]\s--s mu* s t vessels arriv+ (f ,s&y ,hook 9 wan+ daylight inv>iably an*or$ & await$ ! dawn be=e resum+ ! j\rney4 ,! great difficulty 9 connection ) ,g$ney's ,*annel 0 ! di/ance ( ! ma9 lights on %ore1 ! direct range at "o "p be+ ov] ?irte5 miles4 ,consequ5tly ! l& lights 7 ( little utility to ! pilot4 ,! au?orities decid$ to conv]t ! *annel into an electric-light$ wat]way4 ,buoys 7 laid d[n on ei!r side ( ! ?or\ghf>e4 ,!y 7 ( ! sp> type1 resembl+ decapitat$ ma/s project+ f ! wat]1 & 7 held 9 position by mu%room an*ors1 weigh+ #d1jjj p\nds1 or ne>ly #b tons1 apiece4 ,ea* buoy 0 cr[n$ ) a #ajj c&le-p[] inc&esc5t electric lamp1 encas$ )9 a special globe hav+ a diamet] ( #e in*es4 ,an electric cable 0 laid on ei!r side ( ?is /reet & connect$ ) ea* buoy4 ,! fir/ section 0 complet$ 9 #ahhh1 ! electric gleams be+ %$ = ! fir/ "t on ,novemb] #g ( t ye>4 ,! sy/em appe>$ to give su* complete satisfaction t x 0 ext5d$4 ,altoge!r six & a qu>t] miles ( cable 7 laid d[n1 :i* 9 itself 0 no easy feat1 :ile prodigi\s difficulties 7 exp]i5c$ 9 its ma9t5ance1 ow+ to ! sev]ity ( ! curr5ts & ! trea*]\s "* ( ! sea-b$4 ,! lights 7 controll$ f a c5tral po9t a%ore1 & ! idea ( be+ able to swit* on & (f a *a9 ( aids to navigation by a simple movem5t pres5t$ _m attractive features4 ,al?\gh navigation appreciat$ ?is improvem5t1 ! ,great ,:ite ,wat]way did n prove a complete success4 ,x did n possess t vital elem5t ( complete reliability :i* is s ess5tial to navigation4 ,compress$ oil-gas has be5 employ$ ext5sively = unatt5d$ float+ lights1 b x possesses s _m %ortcom+s t x is be+ sup]s$$ on all sides by acetyl5e1 ) ! exception ( "o or two c\ntries :i* appe> to be insep>ably w$d$ to ?is pr9ciple4 ,x is exp5sive bo? to in/all & to ma9ta91 :ile ! 8radius ( action0--o!rwise1 ! p]iod dur+ :i* x may be left )\t human att5tion--is unavoidably brief4 ,= tempor>y purposes1 su* z ! indication ( a subm]g$ wreck1 x is effici5t1 :ile x is also s]viceable = accessible positions1 b x is n reg>d$ z be+ a satisfactory sy/em = places :i* human h&s _c rea* = mon?s at a "t4 ,crude petroleum 9 conjunction ) ! ,wigham long-burn+ petroleum lamp1 :]e9 ! flame is produc$ f a mov+ wick1 has be5 adopt$ widely4 ,lights in/all$ ^u ?is pr9ciple may be left = n9ety-?ree days at a "t )\t anxiety4 ,9 _m in/ances ! ,wigham light is m\nt$ ^u /eel boats2 9 o!r cases x is atta*$ to float+ wood5 /ructures4 ,! ,briti% ,admiralty 9 p>ticul> is p>tial to ?is type ( light1 & x mu/ be confess$ t x has prov$ highly s]viceable & reliable4 ,i h describ$ already ! g5]al pr9ciples & features ( ?is sy/em4 ,:5 x is appli$ to a float+ beacon1 & x is desir$ to save ! oil dropp+ f ! drip valve1 a tank is fix$ to ! deck ( ! float+ /ructure1 & connect$ by a flexible pipe to ! c\pl+ at ! bottom ( ! float cyl9d]4 ,a univ]sal jo9t is atta*$ to ! connection on ! top ( ! tank to prev5t ! pipe be+ twi/$ by ! sw++ & sway+ motion ( ! lamp on ! gimbals4 ,:5 ! lamp is inspect$1 ! oil may be pump$ out ( ! tank1 /ra9$1 & us$ "t aft] "t 9 ! float cyl9d]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ?is type ( float+ boat-lights is to be se5 9 ,que5/[n h>b\r4 ,! hull is #cj feet 9 l5g?1 & has a beam ( #aa feet4 ,on ?is1 )9 a conical /ructure measur+ #g feet high & #f feet 9 diamet] at ! deck1 is m\nt$ ! lant]n4 ,al?\gh ! lamp is expos$ to dr5*+ seas & heavy /orms1 x has nev] yet fail$1 a fact :i* conclusively po9ts to its effici5cy4 ,x rides well1 & ! lamp is kept mu* dri] ?an ! lights on ord9>y buoys1 accord+ to ! obs]vations ( ! eng9e] responsible = its ma9t5ance4 ,9 ?is case ! focus ( ! light is br\ght #ab feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,probably ! mo/ compell+ illu/ration ( ! utility ( ! automatic beacon is (f]$ by ! unatt5d$ light%ip4 ,! ,ott] ,rock vessel is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ examples ( ?is developm5t4 ,x 0 design$ by ,messrs4 ,d4 & ,c4 ,/ev5son1 & comprises a sub/antial /eel hull1 ! deck ( :i* is cov]$ s t ! int]ior is absolutely wat]-tight4 ,! craft is provid$ ) a c5tral & heavy bilge keels1 s z to r$uce roll+ to ! m9imum4 ,two heavy /eel bulkheads divide ! craft into ?ree wat]-tight comp>tm5ts1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* two l>ge weld$-/eel gas tanks are /[$4 ,^! are ( suffici5t capacity to fe$ ! light = sev]al mon?s )\t repl5i%m5t4 ,! light is m\nt$ ^u a /eel t[] plac$ amid%ips1 :i* br+s ! focal plane #be feet above ! wat]4 ,! gas is f$ f ! tanks to ! lant]n ?r\gh ! t[]1 a valve r$uc+ ! pressure1 :ile a ladd] enables ! att5dants to climb to ! lant]n gall]y to adju/ ! burn] & flame1 & to clean ! l5ses1 ^u ! occasion ( _! p]iodical visits4 ,! gas cyl9d]s are *>g$ f ! supply-%ip ?r\gh flexible hoses1 ! gas be+ compress$ to ab\t #ahj p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,! light is ( suffici5t p[] & elevation to be se5 f a di/ance ( "s twelve miles4 ,! beacon gives n only a visual1 b also an audible w>n+4 ,on ! deck ( ! boat a bell is m\nt$1 ?is be+ rung n only by ! motion ( ! %ip1 9 ! mann] ( a bell-buoy1 b also by ! gas on its passage f ! tanks to ! lant]n1 ! bell be+ fitt$ ) two clapp]s = ?is purpose4 ,! gas 9 pass+ f ! tank ent]s a receptacle hav+ a flexible diaphragm1 :i*1 z x becomes fill$ ) gas1 is naturally press$ outw>ds4 ,on ?is is m\nt$ a c5tral metal piece1 :i* is connect$ to a rod & lev]4 ,z ! diaphragm is =c$ outw>ds1 x moves ! rod & actuates ! lev]1 :i*1 :5 ! diaphragm falls1 return to _! normal positions4 ,atta*$ to ?is me*anical arrangem5t is ! bell-clapp]1 :i* alt]nately is lift$ & dropp$ ^u ! dome ( ! bell1 !reby caus+ x to r+4 ,aft] ! gas has p]=m$ its duty 9 rais+ ! clapp] lev] & rod1 x passes to ! lant]n to be consum$4 ,?us1 :ile ! light gleams brightly & /eadily1 ! bell r+s ) un]r+ regul>ity--ab\t ?ree times p] m9ute--day & night = mon?s on a s+le *>ge2 bo? mu/ cont9ue 9 op]ation until ! supply ( gas is exp5d$4 ,! success ( ?is int]e/+ & novel light%ip has be5 responsible = simil> in/allations 9 o!r simil>ly wild & expos$ positions :]e approa* is unc]ta9 & (t5 impossible = weeks at a "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,edmondsons ,ltd41 ,dubl94 ,,! ,,lant]n ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,wigham ,,automatic ,,petroleum ,,beacon4 ,! circul> %all[ res]voir conta9s ! burn+-oil1 :i* fe$s ! wick z x moves t[>ds ! burn]1 & also acts z a deck on :i* ! lant]n is built4 ,9 ?is +5i\s sy/em ! flame is n produc$ at ! end ( ! wick z 9 ! ord9>y lamp1 b f ! flat side ( ! wick1 :i* is mov$ cont9u\sly 9 a horizontal direction ov] a small roll]4 ,by ?is means a light ( uni=m int5sity is obta9$1 z c>bonization _c occur4 ,"o misadv5ture befell ! ,ott] ,rock light-vessel1 :i* is moor$ 9 an op5 position ov] ! rock ( t "n ne> ,islay1 al?\gh x 0 n ! fault ( ei!r ! sy/em or ! design+ eng9e]s4 ,!re 0 a flaw 9 "o ( ! %ackles1 & :ile ! %ip 0 saw+ & tugg+ at h] an*ors dur+ a heavy gale ! flaw ass]t$ itself1 ! %ackle broke1 & ! light%ip got away4 ,%e 0 recov]$ ) "s difficulty1 aft] hav+ drift$ ab\t tw5ty miles4 ,%e 0 f\nd /ove 91 hav+ embrac$ ! rocks dur+ h] wayw>d j\rney1 b o!rwise 0 unh>m$4 ,%e 0 t[$ into port1 repair$1 & !n tak5 back to h] /ation1 :]e %e 0 secur$ m firmly ?an ev]1 :ile h] *a9s 7 closely inspect$ to make assurance d\bly sure4 ,no repetition ( ! accid5t has occurr$ s9ce1 & ! ,ott] ,rock light%ip1 te!r$ firmly to ! rock1 rides gales & calms1 ?r[+ h] welcome rays & dron+ h] musical w>n+ ! :ole ye> r\nd z /eadily & effici5tly z if %e _h a crew abo>d4 ,a simil> light%ip 0 built = ! ,tr9ity ,h\se au?orities f ! designs ( _! eng9e]1 ,sir ,?omas ,mat!ws1 = s]vice on ! ,engli% coa/4 ,?is boat1 built ( /eel1 measures #fe feet 9 l5g?1 by #ah feet beam & #aj feet dep?1 ) ! lant]n c>ri$ at ! po9t ( an op5 /eel pyramidal /ructure1 ris+ suffici5tly high above ! boat's deck amid%ips to br+ ! focal plane #bf feet above ! level ( ! wat]1 !reby giv+ x a visible range ( "s t5 miles4 ,! boat is provid$ ) two holds1 9 :i* ! gas res]voirs are plac$1 ! total gas capacity be+ ab\t #a1ejj cubic feet--en\gh to keep ! light burn+ = "o hundr$ days4 ,?is light is ( ! revolv+ type1 & ! rotation ( ! app>atus is accompli%$ v +5i\sly4 ,be=e ! gas passes to ! burn]1 x drives a t9y ?ree-cyl9d] eng9e1 ! crank-%aft ( :i* is connect$ to ! revolv+ app>atus ?r\gh ge>+4 ,! spe$ ( ! turntable is kept con/ant by ! aid ( a gov]nor1 & ! app>atus works s smoo?ly & p]fectly t !re is n ! slighte/ div]g5ce f ! rate at :i* ! app>atus is set4 ,z ! gas em]ges f ! eng9e1 x passes to ! burn] to be consum$4 ,by means ( a novel app>atus1 %\ld any?+ befall ! little motor or ! rotat+ me*anism1 ! light does n drop out ( s]vice4 ,9 t ev5t ! gas fl[s directly to ! burn]1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t a fix$ in/ead ( a revolv+ light is emitt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,edmondsons ,ltd41 ,dubl94 ,,! 8#f-;,,b>0 ,,float+ ,,automatic ,,wigham ,,light ,,9 ,,portsm\? ,,h>b\r4 ,?is beacon1 burn+ crude petroleum1 burns = ?irty days on a s+le oil *>ge4 ,:5 ! ,sc&9avian l9] ,norge1 :ile on h] way to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,july1 #aijd1 f\l$ ! t]rible ,rockall & lo/ #gej ( h] pass5g]s1 ! outcry ab\t ! abs5ce ( all means ( indicat+ ?is spot to ! navigator vibrat$ r\nd ! _w4 ,yet x 0 a useless agitation4 ,rockall is a no-man's l&2 no nation has plant$ its flag ^u its cone ( granite2 no ,p[] c>es :e!r x cont9ues its h>ve/ ( human lives or o!rwise4 ,! v>i\s c\ntries appe> to ?9k t x is too mu* (f ! map to be wor?y ( a mom5t's ?\ght2 its exi/5ce is br\ght home only by a holocau/4 ,aft] ?is he>tr5d+ disa/]1 ,messrs4 ,d4 & ,c4 ,/ev5son adumbrat$ a promis+ means ( indicat+ ?is awful gravey>d to ! seaf>]4 ,!y sugge/$ t two automatic unatt5d$ light%ips %\ld be con/ruct$1 & t "o %\ld relieve ! o!r e six mon?s4 ,! project 0 em95tly practicable1 b e c\ntry seem$ to %irk responsibility 9 ! exp5se ( its adoption4 ,b ,rockall is a unique dang] spot2 9 no o!r "p ( ! kn[n _w does su* a =midable isolat$ peak ( granite rise f ! ocean dep?s1 = x is 9 mid-,atlantic1 #afj miles we/ ( ,/4 ,kilda1 & #bij miles (f ! ,scotti% ma9l&4 ,x may be away f ! great /eam%ip lanes ( ! ,atlantic1 yet a va/ volume ( %ipp+ passes )9 sight ( its curi\s =mation4 ,see+ t ! =emo/ m>itime ,p[]s defray betwe5 !m ! co/ ( ma9ta9+ ! light (f ,cape ,sp>tel1 surely ! dictates ( humanity are suffici5tly press+ to secure ! indication ( ?is islet4 ,! ma9t5ance ( an unatt5d$ automatic beacon1 su* z ,messrs4 ,/ev5son advocat$1 w\ld n impose a sev]e /ra9 ^u ! treasuries ( ! lead+ ,p[]s ( ! _w1 ^: int]e/s are associat$ intimately ) ! ,nor? ,atlantic4 ,! p]fection ( ! unatt5d$ light%ip1 work+ automatically1 has provid$ ! ligh?\se eng9e] ) a p[]ful weapon = m>k+ ! mo/ expos$ & out-(-!-way dang] spots4 ,:5 ! new developm5t is c>ri$ to its utt]mo/ l5g?s1 no gravey>d ( ! ocean1 no matt] h[ remote & inaccessible1 ne$ be )\t means ( w>n+ %ipp+ ( its :]eab\ts4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,light-,,keep] ,,& ,,8 ,,life ,! life ( ! gu>dian ( a blaz+ signpo/ ( ! coa/ is mu* ! same ! :ole _w ov]4 ,x is unavoidably monoton\s "u ! be/ conditions4 ,ea* succe$+ day & night br+s a simil> r\nd ( toil1 ) v little v>iation4 ,!re are ! same duties to be p]=m$ 9 /rict accordance ) r\t9e1 & "u normal circum/ances !re are _m idle h\rs :i* h to be :il$ away z be/ "o c4 ,on ! ma9l&1 especially 9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! lonel9ess & monotony are n felt s ke5ly by ! w>d5s ( ! light1 z 9 _m in/ances !y are 9 close proximity to ports & t[ns1 :]e a little welcome relaxation may be obta9$ dur+ ! re/ spells2 :ile 9 ! summ] ev5+s1 if ! lights %\ld be only a few miles away f civilization1 visitors are frequ5t4 ,aga91 ! keep]s z a rule live ) _! families 9 cosy solid build+s1 &1 hav+ a /ret* ( g>d5 flank+ _! homes1 c exp5d _! h\rs ( leisure to advantage4 ,on ! isolat$1 lonely rock1 h[ev]1 ! conditions are va/ly diff]5t4 ,! av]age p]son1 :5 reg>d+ on a calm day ! tall slim outl9es ( a t[] ris+ f ! wat]1 is apt to reg>d ! life ( ^? responsible = keep+ ! light go+ z "o envelop$ 9 romance & peace1 f> remov$ f ! trials & worries ( ! mael/rom ( civilization4 ,b tw5ty-f\r h\rs on "o ( ^! beacons completely dispel all romantic impression4 ,! gilt ( fasc9ation we>s away quickly1 & ! visitor recognizes only too =cibly ! t]rible desolation ( x all1 & admires ! little b& ( m5 :o wat* vigilantly ov] ! deep = ! guidance ( ^? :o g d[n to ! sea 9 %ips4 ,! keep]s ( su* /ations are m>oon$ z completely z any ca/away on a b>r5 isl&4 ,9 _m in/ances !y _c ev5 signal to ! %ore4 ,if any?+ %\ld g wrong1 !y mu/ wait until a %ip comes 9 sight1 to communicate _! tid+s by flag signals4 ,if ! call is urg5t1 say = illness1 & ! pass+ boat c>ries a doctor1 %e w heave to1 &1 if conditions p]mit1 w laun* a boat to c>ry ! m$ical man to ! rock to adm9i/] aid4 ,if x is a matt] ( life or dea?1 ! %ip w take ! man (f4 ,z may be imag9$1 ^u a sea-rock1 ow+ to ! sl5d] proportions ( ! t[]1 ! qu>t]s are inevitably v cramp$1 ) no facilities = ! m5 to /ret* _! limbs4 ,! mann] 9 :i* space is economiz$ 9 ! small circul> ap>tm5ts is a/oni%+4 ,! ess5tial furniture is built to ! wall1 & lib]al cupbo>d space is provid$1 ! gov]n+ consid]ation be+ to provide ! m5 ) z mu* op5 space z ! re/rict$ circum/ances w p]mit4 ,! only ex]cise t ! m5 c obta9 9 ! op5 air is ^u ! n>r[ %elf =m+ ! l&+ plat=m1 or ! n>r[ gall]y ar\nd ! lant]n4 ,9 ! majority ( circum/ances x is less ?an t provid$ = ! b5efit ( a prison] 9 an ex]cise y>d4 ,! lamp is light$ at dusk1 &1 unless x is a fix$ :ite light1 ! clockwork driv+ ! occult+ & revolv+ me*anism has to be w\nd up4 ,see+ t ?is entails ! lift+ ( a ton or s up ! v]tical cyl9d] 9 :i* ! weight travels1 ?is is no mean task 9 itself4 ,unremitt+ vigilance has to be ma9ta9$ :ile ! lamp is burn+4 ,x dem&s att5tion f "t to "t1 :ile1 %\ld any?+ s]i\s g wrong1 ! att5dant mu/ br+ ! res]ve lamp into s]vice )\t a mom5t's loss ( "t & )\t int]ruption ( ! ray4 8,! light mu/ n g out60 ,t is ! inflexible rule ( all att5d$ lights betwe5 ! two ,poles4 ,ev5 if x fail$ only = a m9ute1 ! circum/ance w\ld n escape obs]vation4 ,"s vessel w\ld detect ! breakd[n2 x w\ld be record$ 9 ! capta9's log-book4 ,:5 he t\*$ ! fir/ port1 intimation w\ld be s5t to ! organization responsible = ! beacon1 sett+ =? ! fact t on su* & su* a night1 at a c]ta9 h\r1 ?is light 0 n %[+ 9 accordance ) ! (ficial light li/1 or 0 giv+ a w>n+ diff]5t f t laid d[n = ! guidance ( ! seaf>]4 ,an inquiry w\ld be in/itut$ imm$iately to asc]ta9 ! reason1 & ! light-keep] probably w\ld f9d himself 9 an awkw>d position1 al?\gh mon?s might h elaps$ s9ce ! incid5t4 ,!re is no?+ haphaz>d ab\t ! control ( lights4 ,! circum/ances are too s]i\s to p]mit ! slighte/ deviation f h>d-&-fa/ regulations4 ,! pass+ m>9] is entirely dep5d5t ^u ^! blaz+ gu>dians1 maybe f a di/ance ( fifte5 miles or m4 ,he has 8 *>t :]e) he is able to /e] 8 way1 b he mu/ h c]ta9 m>ks to guide him at night1 s t he may be sure ( 8 c\rse & position4 ,accord+ly1 e ligh?\se possesses "s individual *>act]i/ic 9 reg>d to its light4 ,z expla9$ else:]e1 x may be a gr\p fla%1 an occult+ fla% ( a di/9ctive nature1 a revolv+ light :i* completes a revolution once 9 a c]ta9 p]iod ( "t1 or a fix$ blaze4 ,=tunately1 ! m5 wat*+ ov] ! lights appreciate ! gravity ( _! responsibility1 & are reliable to an h]oic degree4 ,ea* is a man pick$ = ! duty1 :o is n appall$ by lonel9ess1 & is ( unimpea*able precision4 ,( c\rse1 accid5ts w happ51 b d]eliction ( duty is crim9al1 because x may br+ ab\t loss ( life4 ,c>elessness on ! "p ( a light-keep] precipitat$ ! loss ( ! /eam] ,victoria :5 cross+ ! ,engli% ,*annel f ,ne:av5 to ,dieppe on ,april #ab1 #ahhg4 ,! ,fr5* coa/1 z x 0 be+ approa*$1 became %r\d$ by ! inexorable fog-fi5d4 ,! capta9 lo/ 8 way1 al?\gh he knew1 f ! "t he _h be5 /eam+1 t he mu/ be p]il\sly ne> ! ,fr5* %ore4 ,he li/5$ = ! dron+ ( ! fog-sir5 m\nt$ on ,po9te d',ailly1 b 9 va94 ,he s5t to ! eng9e-room to asc]ta9 ! numb] ( revolutions ! eng9es _h made1 & ?is conv9c$ him t he mu/ be close in%ore1 despite ! sil5ce ( ! fog-signal4 ,?9k+ t he might h /ray$ "s di/ance ea/ ( ,dieppe1 he br\ght 8 vessel r\nd1 & !n crawl$ sl[ly ahead4 ,b he _h sc>cely settl$ into 8 =w>d /ride :5 !re 0 a cra%--a t]rible splitt+ & crun*+4 ,! vessel _h kept a true c\rse1 & n[ _h hit ! v rocks :i* ! capta9 _h s\ght to avoid4 ,! pass5g]s1 be+ ready to l&1 7 got into ! boats & pu%$ ?r\gh ! d5se curta9 = l&1 b "s ?irty pass5g]s & crew 7 nev] se5 aga94 ,! subsequ5t inquiry reveal$ an amaz+ brea* ( duty on ! "p ( ^? 9 *>ge ( ! light-/ation4 ,! head ligh?\se-keep]1 (f duty at ! "t1 0 asleep 9 b$1 b 8 wife awoke him z %e obs]v$ ! fog settl+ ^u ! wat]4 ,he dress$ hurri$ly1 & ru%$ to see :at 8 companion 0 do+4 ,?is (ficial _h fail$ lam5tably 9 8 duties4 ,in/ead ( />t+ ! boil] fires to raise ! /eam to "w ! sir5 ^u ! fir/ signs ( ! approa*+ enemy1 z he %\ld h done1 he _h delay$ ! duty4 ,! result 0 t an h\r 0 wa/$1 & dur+ ?is int]val ! un=tunate capta9 took 8 %ip ^u ! rocks4 ,to make matt]s worse1 ! keep]s did n p]ceive ! wreck until "s two h\rs aft] ! disa/]1 al?\gh !y admitt$ t !y he>d ! cries ( p an h\r & a half previ\sly1 b nev] suspect$ ! cause ( ! turmoil4 ,! man on wat* dur+ ! night ma9ta9s a ke5 look\t4 ,! fa9te/ signs ( a ga!r+ mi/ are suffici5t to cause him to wake 8 assi/ant to manipulate ! fog-signal1 ev5 if ! precaution proves to be unnecess>y4 8,x is bett] to be safe ?an sorry10 is ! ligh?\se-keep]'s motto2 s he runs no risks4 ,:5 ! ga!r+ brightness ( ! dawn enables ! =m ( ! t[] to be id5tifi$ f a di/ance ( sev]al miles1 ! light is ext+ui%$4 ,heavy curta9s are drawn across ! w9d[s1 n only to protect ! l5ses f ! sun1 b also to give a *>act]i/ic col\r to ! lant]n4 ,?us1 by daylight a lant]n may appe> to be a dull r$ or an int5se black4 ,to give a brilliant light by night & be a prom95t l&m>k by day =ms ! dual duty ( ! gu>dian ( ! coa/4 ,:5 ! lant]n has cool$1 ! keep]s com+ on ! day %ift h to clean ! lamps & put !m 9 ord] = s]vice ! foll[+ ev5+4 ,ev]y?+ has to be ov]haul$ & got ready = use at a mom5t's notice4 ,! oil res]voirs h to be exam9$ & *>g$1 & ! panes ( glass1 ) :i* ! lant]n is glaz$1 clean$ & bright5$4 ,! reflectors h to be poli%$1 = !y mu/ be kept 9 a con/ant /ate ( mirror-l brilliancy4 ,all brasswork has to be clean$ & poli%$ until x gleams l burni%$ gold1 :ile ! rooms mu/ be wa%$ & kept 9 ! p9k ( condition1 free f ! smalle/ specks ( du/4 ,! necessity = extreme cleanl9ess & spotlessness is emphasiz$ 9 e ligh?\se4 ,! inspector has a highly-tra9$1 quick eye = detect+ c>elessness1 & he has "o in/9ct develop$ peculi>ly--! discov]y ( du/4 ,he draws 8 f+]s ov] ev]y?+1 & squ9ts quizzically at an object f all angles4 ,woe betide ! keep] if ! slighte/ trace ( dirt is detect$4 ,!n ! inspector closes ! o!r eye1 & ! keep] receives a squ9t :i* does n augur well = 8 future4 ,a few %>p1 po9t$ rem>ks are rasp$ out1 & x is n long be=e ! relief-boat comes out ) ano!r man4 ,! eng9e]s & o!r repres5tatives ( au?ority are remorseless4 ,a man is judg$ f app>5tly trifl+ details4 ,if he p]mits a door-knob to become sulli$1 he is j z likely to ov]look ! poli%+ ( ! l5ses1 or to p]=m "s o!r vital task 9 a p]functory mann]4 ,"o ( ! ,/ev5sons a*iev$ a peculi> notoriety among ! ,scotti% keep]s = 8 unb5d+ attitude 9 ?is connection4 ,he _h a sc5t = du/ & untid9ess develop$ z ke5ly z t ( a m\se = *eese4 ,:5 8 boat came alongside a light1 & ! keep] /epp$ =w>d to ext5d a help+ h&1 ! eyes ( ! eng9e] scann$ him se>*+ly4 ,if ! man's appe>ance 7 n immaculate1 tr\ble loom$ ahead4 ,?is eng9e] ma9ta9$ t if a man 7 indiff]5t to 8 own appe>ance1 & p]mitt$ du/ to collect ^u 8 own clo!s1 he c\ld n be tru/$ to ma9ta9 ! delicate app>atus ( a ligh?\se 9 apple-pie ord]6 ,:at 0 m to ! po9t1 ! eng9e] g5]ally 0 correct 9 8 d$uctions4 ,he sp>$ no ef=t to place ! mo/ responsible lights 9 ! h&s ( m5 above suspicion 9 reg>d to cleanl9ess4 ,al?\gh1 z ?is m>t9et confess$1 no?+ pa9$ him m ?an to h words ) any ( 8 keep]s1 cleanl9ess _h to be ma9ta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! 8,syr5 & ,%ipp+40 ,,! ,,pumps ,,:]eby ,,! ,,oil ,,is ,,lift$ ,,f ,,! ,,l[e/ ,,floor ,,to ,,! ,,lant]n-,,room4 ,:5 ! keep] has complet$ 8 r\t9e duties1 he is at lib]ty to sp5d 8 leisure accord+ to 8 incl9ations4 ,z a rule ! m5 turn ^! p]iods to advantage4 ,read+ is a popul> recreation1 & ! au?orities ma9ta9 a circulat+ libr>y1 ! books be+ *ang$ ) e relief4 ,b ! m5 c\ld accept twice z mu* lit]ature z is available at pres5t4 ,"h a ^w %\ld be said conc]n+ ! ,ligh?\se ,lit]ature ,mission & its "w1 :i* is int]national4 ,! idea 0 conceiv$ by ,mr4 ,samuel ,h4 ,/ra91 & ! "w is conduct$ f ,belfa/1 ,irel&4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s feature ( ?is organization is t e p5ny receiv$ is turn$ to good & useful purpose 9 connection ) ! object4 ,! f\nd] conducts x )\t monet>y rew>d1 s t ! item ( 8op]at+0 *>ges does n swamp ! great] proportion ( receipts1 z is ! case ) s _m s-call$ missions 9 o!r fields4 ,!re are few organizations :i* are s des]v+ ( f9ancial support1 because ?is mission br+s welcome relaxation to a h>d-work$ community ^: vigil secures ! safety ( ^? :o travel on ! sea4 ,! lab\rs ( ,mr4 ,/ra9 are highly appreciat$ by ^? :o keep wat* & w>d 9 seagirt prisons1 & ! mission des]ves f> /aun*] support f ! philan?ropic ?an x receives at pres5t4 ,sympa?iz]s ) ! lonel9ess ( ! ligh?\se-keep] are prone to ?9k t ^! m5 are 9 dire ne$ ( spiritual pabulum1 & are apt to s5d lit]ature ( an emphatic goody-goody nature4 ,b ! keep] ( ! light is z human z ! cl]k 9 ! city4 ,he is s accu/om$ to ! company ( ,nature1 & has cultivat$ su* a deep respect = ! ,ma/] ( ! ,univ]se dur+ 8 spells ( duty1 t he welcomes a div]sion !refrom 9 8 h\rs ( leisure4 ,a humor\s pap] is m welcome ?an a tract on ! evils ( dr9k4 ,:5 ! wea!r is fav\rable ! m5 seek a little relaxation 9 fi%+1 b "h aga9 !y h to suff] consid]able d5ial1 z ! tackle inv>iably becomes inextricably entangl$ ) ! rocks1 s t ! losses exce$ ! prizes4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! great] numb] ( ! keep]s ma9ta9 a g>d5 well /ock$ ) vegetables & fl[]s4 ,! t5d+ ( ^! *>ges c>ries ! m9ds ( ! m5 f _! "w completely1 & = ! opportunity to practise ?is hobby !y are indebt$ to ! k9dness ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 :i* supplies se$s free ( *>ge4 ,x is :5 ! gale is rag+ tumultu\sly t ! m5 9 ! t[] are compell$ to realize _! position4 ,! waves p\nd ! rock & build+ s ceaselessly & rel5tlessly t ! latt] trembles & %akes l a leaf4 ,at times ! d9 is s deaf5+ t ! m5 _c conv]se2 !y are compell$ to communicate ) ea* o!r by signs4 ,! waves pick up /ones & hurl !m ) t]rific =ce aga9/ ! lant]n4 ,occasionally ! elem5ts triumph 9 _! assault1 & ! missiles %att] ! glass4 ,to /ep out on ! gall]y 9 ! tee? ( a blizz>d to cle> ! sn[ away dem&s no little c\rage4 ,z ! man em]ges ^u ! n>r[ plat=m1 he is engulf$ 9 ! swirl+ flakes1 & (t5 is p9n$ aga9/ ! masonry s tightly by ! w9d t he _c move a limb2 at o!r times he is swept almo/ (f 8 feet4 ,:ile engag$ 9 8 freez+ task1 he also runs ! risk ( be+ dr5*$ by a ris+ comb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! 8,syr5 & ,%ipp+40 ,,comb9$ ,,kit*5 ,,& ,,liv+-,,room ,,9 ,,! ,,ligh?\se4 ,! m5 on ! lonely1 expos$ ,tillamook ,rock1 (f ! ,oregon coa/1 h _h m ?an "o occasion to respect ! /orm-fi5d4 ,"o night1 :ile a fe>ful gale 0 rag+1 a huge mass ( rock 0 torn away f ! islet1 snat*$ by ! waves1 & ?r[n high into ! air4 ,x fell ) t]rific =ce ^u ! dome ( ! lant]n1 spl9t]+ ! ro( & sma%+ ! light1 s t no welcome rays c\ld be ?r[n f ! t[] aga9 t night4 ,! keep]s at once set to "w ) ! fog-signal1 & dur+ ! h\rs ( d>kness work$ l slaves1 bl>+ out a w>n+ by s\nd :i* !y 7 unable to give visually4 ,=tunately1 su* an exp]i5ce z befell ! keep]s ( ! ,am]ican ,?imble ,%oal light is v r>e4 ,?is beacon m>ks ! %oal ( t "n1 & is1 or r 01 a screw-pile iron ligh?\se1 m>k+ #aa feet ( wat] at ! entrance to ,*esapeake ,bay1 ,virg9ia1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,on ,decemb] #bg1 #aiji1 ! keep]s 7 imm]s$ 9 _! tasks1 :5 !re 0 a t]rible cra% foll[$ by a dismal r5d+ & splitt+4 ,! build+ %iv]$ f top to bottom4 ,! keep]s 7 ?r[n (f _! feet1 & :5 !y rega9$ _! wits !y f\nd t ! s*oon] ,malcolm ,baxt] ,junior1 :ile be+ t[$ by a tug1 _h blund]$ into !m1 & _h c>ri$ a consid]able portion ( ! build+ away4 ,! impact upset ! light2 ! scatt]$ oil bur/ into flame1 & )9 a few m9utes ! ligh?\se 0 blaz+ l a gigantic bonfire4 ,! keep]s /uck to _! po/s1 & endeav\r$ frantically to ext+ui% ! outbreak1 b _! ef=ts 7 too puny to make any impression4 ,at la/1 :5 a foo?old 0 no long] possible ) safety1 & "u extreme pressure1 !y ab&on$ _! *>ge4 ,:5 ! flames _h complet$ _! de/ructive "w ! ligh?\se pres5t$ a sorry sight1 be+ a mass ( brok5 & twi/$ ironwork4 ,a wood5 t[] 0 erect$ ) all despat*1 & a fog-signal 0 in/all$1 s t ! m5 c\ld c>ry on _! duties :ile ! recon/ruction ( ! /ation 0 hurri$ =w>d4 ,! keep]s turn _! h&s to /range occupations4 ,fretwork1 wood-c>v+1 pok]-"w1 & simil> hobbies1 are practis$ freely4 ,a few devote _! leisure to intellectual improvem5t to fit !m = o!r walks 9 life4 ,! keep] ( ,w9dw>d ,po9t1 ,guantanamo ,bay1 ,cuba1 devot$ 8 en]gies to /udy+1 & obta9+ diplomas 91 me*ano-!rapy & sugge/ive !rapeutics1 z well z becom+ pr(ici5t 9 ,esp]anto4 ,! keep]s ( two o!r ,am]ican lights set !mselves to ! ma/]y ( jurisprud5ce1 & 9 due c\rse resign$ _! positions & r5t$ (fices 9 ! city1 :]e 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s !y built up v remun]ative legal practices4 ,z a rule ! ligh?\se-keep] is an exp]t h&y-man1 z he is compell$ to complete a :ole li/ ( duties 9 addition to ma9ta9+ ! lights4 ,9 ! summ] ! metal & wood5 lights h to be giv5 a coat ( pa9t1 :ile plumb+ & o!r displays ( skill 9 metal h to be c>ri$ out1 ev5 if only tempor>ily4 ,! call+ is exce$+ly heal?y1 :i* acc\nts = ! immunity f illness :i* ^! m5 enjoy4 ,also1 z a rule1 ! l&-lights are set amid/ wild romantic surr\nd+s4 ,"s ye>s ago a numb] ( ,am]ican families1 9 ! se>* = a quiet1 heal?-re/or+ re/1 7 9 ! habit ( sp5d+ _! vacations at ligh?\ses1 to ! f9ancial pr(it ( ! keep]s4 ,ev5tually1 h[ev]1 ! au?orities1 fe>+ t ! keep] might be di/ract$ f 8 duties1 issu$ a summ>y ord] =bidd+ ?is practice1 mu* to ! disgu/ ( ! m51 & 8attractive ligh?\se ap>tm5ts0 became a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 an ord] 0 issu$ t 8no ale or o!r intoxicat+ liquor be all[$ to be sold 9 any ligh?\se40 ,! precise reason = ?is /range ord9ance is n q cle>1 b x is significant to note t x came into =ce imm$iately aft] ! disa/r\s fire at ! ,leas[e ligh?\se1 on ! ,wirral %ore4 ,! ligh?\se inv>iably is an object ( attraction among ! g5]al public1 b ?is int]e/ seldom goes to ! l5g? n>rat$ by a keep] ( "o ( ! ,we/ ,indian lights4 ,"o night two ( ! m5 at ?is p>ticul> /ation decid$ to hunt = r$ crabs on ! bea* bel[4 ,!y />t$ (f ) a hurricane lamp1 b 7 a/oni%$1 :5 !y ga9$ ! =e%ore1 to see a l>ge sloop h>d & fa/ on ! reef1 al?\gh ! night 0 beautifully cle> & ! light 0 burn+ brilliantly4 ,) mu* ef=t ! keep]s got out _! dory1 put (f to ! wreck1 & endeav\r$ to get ! sloop out ( h] uncom=table position1 b1 f9d+ h] too well fix$1 took (f ! pass5g]s4 ,! survivors 7 h\s$ 9 ! keep]s' qu>t]s until next morn+1 :5 !y 7 succ\r$4 ,! head-keep] ask$ ! capta9 h[ he manag$ to get into su* a position1 & to 8 surprise le>n$ t1 z ! pass5g]s 7 anxi\s to obta9 a cle> close view ( ! light1 ! ma/] _h /ood in%ore1 n kn[+ t ! reef ov] :i* vigil 0 m\nt$ ran out f> into ! wat]4 ,t navigator paid de>ly = 8 attempt to satisfy curiosity4 ,8 sloop broke up1 s9ce %e 0 impal$ too firmly to be salvag$4 ,x is n (t5 t ! utt] lonel9ess & monotony ( ! daily r\nd unh+es a keep]'s m9d1 b ?is awful fate ov]took ! w>d5 ( a some:at isolat$ ,am]ican light4 ,! man _h s]v$ ) ,admiral ,dewey (f ,manila1 & ^u 8 return home ! ,gov]nm5t plac$ him 9 *>ge ( a /ation z an occupation = ! ev5+ ( 8 life1 & z a recomp5se = fai?ful s]vice4 ,he settl$ d[n ) 8 wife & family1 b ! isolation soon began to affect 8 bra94 ,= days he w\ld abs5t himself f ! light1 :i* w\ld soon h fail$ _h x n be5 = ! unsw]v+ devotion ( 8 wife & ! assi/ance ( "o ( two fri5ds liv+ 9 ! locality4 ,!y sp>$ no ef=t to keep ! beacon burn+1 le/ ! au?orities might he> ab\t ! keep]'s /range behavi\r1 & deprive him ( 8 *>ge1 &1 incid5tally1 ( 8 livelihood4 ,9 due c\rse ! incid5t did rea* ! au?orities1 &1 n kn[+ :at 0 ! matt] ) ! man1 !y took action accord+ly4 ,z ! keep] ent]$ ! /ation aft] "o ( 8 inexplicable exp$itions ( a =tnight's duration1 he 0 arre/$ = des]tion4 ,he 0 exam9$ promptly by two doctors1 :o f\nd him hopelessly insane1 & 0 inc>c]at$ 9 an asylum1 :]e 9 ! c\rse ( a few days he became a rav+ lunatic4 ,(t5 ! keep]s1 al?\gh only condemn$ to imprisonm5t = a c]ta9 p]iod at a "t1 h to tol]ate a long] /ay1 ow+ to ! relief-boat be+ unable to approa* !m4 ,9 "s in/ances ! delay may run into five weeks or m4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ! relief ( ! ,eddy/one1 ,long%ips1 ,wolf1 ,fa/net1 ,sk]ryvore1 & ,dhu-,he>ta* lights is always a matt] ( extreme unc]ta9ty4 ,al?\gh ! m5 h to provide !mselves ) supplies1 a res]ve is ma9ta9$ at ! /ation by ! au?orities = su* em]g5cies4 ,ev5 "s ( ! l& /ations are n approa*able readily4 ,!re is ! ,punta ,gorda light-/ation on ! ,cali=nian coa/1 ! situation ( :i* is wild & =bidd+4 ,!re is a l&+ ab\t eight miles above ! /ation1 b x is extremely prec>i\s4 ,/ill1 unless a c]ta9 elem5t ( risk is accept$ 9 com+ a%ore "h1 x is necess>y to face a tramp or /age j\rney ( ne>ly fifty miles across c\ntry 9 ord] to ga9 ! ligh?\se4 ,! ligh?\ses 9 ! ,r$ ,sea are1 p]haps1 among ! mo/ un5viable & try+ 9 ! _w4 ,?is /ret* ( wat]1 ly+ betwe5 two bli/]$ coa/s ( s&1 is no m or less ?an an ov51 :]e ev5 ! /ronge/ con/itution f9ds x difficult to hold out = long4 ,moreov]1 ! abs5ce ( civilization1 ow+ to ! extreme aridity ( ! c\ntry1 r5d]s ! life exceptionally depress+4 ,9 ! summ] ! heat is wellnigh intol]able4 ,! !rmomet] hov]s betwe5 #ie & #aaj ,f4 9 ! %ade ?r\gh\t ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 s t night br+s no relief to ! oppressiv5ess4 ,at "s ( ! /ations ! m5 seek a little div]sion1 & incid5tally add occasionally to _! pocket-money1 by %>k-cat*+1 :i* is a tol]ably pr(itable pursuit1 s9ce ^! wat]s are ?ickly infe/$ ) ?is fi%4 ,! jawbone & backbone inv>iably f9d ready pur*as]s1 ! =m] be+ m\nt$ z a curiosity1 :ile ! backbone =ms a novel & s]viceable walk+-/ick4 ,"o me?od ( trapp+ ^! mon/]s :i* af=ds ke5 delight 0 relat$ to me4 ,! requirem5ts are an electric batt]y1 "s rope1 a few feet ( electric wire1 a c>tridge1 & an empty box1 ) a *unk or two ( bad meat4 ,! c>tridge is fitt$ ) an electric prim]1 ! wire ( :i* /ret*es to ! batt]y4 ,?is c>tridge is buri$ 9 a hunk ( meat1 ! :ole be+ dangl$ f a box--an empty cask is bett]--:i* s]ves z a float1 :ile a rope is /ret*$ f ! box to ! %ore1 ) ! electric wire spirally w\nd r\nd x4 ,a %ort l5g? ( *a9 is pref]able1 if available1 to atta* ! bait to ! float1 b a %ort piece ( rope w d4 ,?is novel l9e is ?r[n into ! wat]1 & ! man keeps 8 eye on ! float1 ) "o f+] on ! batt]y4 ,! hungry %>k1 espy+ ! tempt+ morsel1 makes a grab & swall[s x1 b ! *a9 prev5ts him te>+ away ) x4 ,! pull causes ! float to disappe>1 ! man's f+] presses ! button1 & ! trick is done4 ,!re is an explosion1 & pieces ( %>k & %[]s ( wat] fly into ! air4 ,! incid5t is all ov] too quickly = ! fi% to m>vel ab\t ! /range indige/ibility ( ! ta9t$ meat he grabb$ s gre$ily4 ,! m5 enjoy ?is sport hugely :5 x c be foll[$1 z !y reg>d ! %>k ) int5se dete/ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! 8,syr5 & ,%ipp+40 ,,keep] ,,clean+ ,,! ,,lamp ,,aft] ,,x ,,has ,,cool$ ,,d[n4 ,despite ! vigilance ( ! v>i\s ,p[]s1 slave-runn+ is /ill a lucrative bus9ess on ^! =bidd+ coa/s4 ,n[ & aga9 a =c$ lab\r] gets away f 8 taskma/]1 & comes pant+ into ! ligh?\se t]ritory4 ,?is is sanctu>y to ! hapless wret*1 & al?\gh ! keep]s inv>iably receive a call f ! runaway's ma/]1 he meets ) scant c\rtesy1 :ile 8 dem& = ! surr5d] ( ! fugitive is answ]$ by a po9t-blank refusal4 ,! slave-driv] may /orm1 ?reat51 & abuse1 to 8 he>t's cont5t1 &1 z he is g5]ally a pa/-ma/] 9 ,arabian invective1 ! keep]s h to li/5 to a pretty tune4 ,b ! slave is kept 9 ! ligh?\se until ! relief-t5d] makes its p]iodical call1 :5 he is tak5 back to ,suez & lib]at$4 ,=tunately1 ow+ to ! extreme c>e t is manife/$ by ! au?orities1 mi%aps at a ligh?\se are few & f> betwe54 ,! m5 are suppli$ ) rules & regulations :i* are drawn up ) an eye = e possible em]g5cy4 ,yet accid5ts w happ51 due 9 ! majority ( in/ances to famili>ity br$ ( contempt4 ,! majority ( ^! calamities occur 9 connection ) ! explosive fog-signall+ app>atus1 al?\gh e device is adopt$ to safegu>d ! m54 ,at "o ( ! ,scotti% /ations a keep] 0 manipulat+ ! fog-signal1 b1 fly+ 9 ! face ( in/ructions1 he caus$ ! *>ge to explode prematurely4 ,! man escap$ injury1 b ! detonation %att]$ sev]al panes ( glass 9 ! lant]n4 ,"o ( ! keep]s ( ! ,ra?l9 light1 on ,altac>ry ,head1 0 n s =tunate4 ,! ,:ite ,/> ,canadian l9] ,megantic 0 r\nd+ ! corn] ( ,irel& to ent] ! la/ lap ( ! homew>d j\rney "o ,saturday ev5+1 :5 ! capta9's att5tion 0 arre/$ by a signal ( di/ress fly+ f ! ligh?\se4 ,! int]pretation ( ! signal reveal$ ! fact t a doctor 0 want$1 s1 eas+ up ! %ip1 he l[]$ a boat1 & ! doctor 0 s5t away to ! isl&4 ,^u l&+ he f\nd "o ( ! m5 9 dire /raits4 ,he _h be5 clean+ ! fog-gun1 :5 a *>ge1 :i* _h be5 left 9 ! weapon inadv]t5tly ^u ! la/ occasion x 0 us$1 explod$4 ,! man's arm _h be5 wr5*$ (f1 & he 0 burn$ t]ribly4 ,x 0 a /roke ( luck t ! l9] hove 9 sight at ! mom5t %e did4 ,!re 0 no *ance ( ext5d+ succ\r to ! injur$ man on ! spot1 & he w\ld h di$ be=e a doctor c\ld h be5 summon$ by boat f ,ballyca/le1 n9e miles away4 ,! surgeon b\nd up ! man's injuries1 l[]$ him into 8 boat1 &1 on rega9+ ! l9]1 plac$ him 9 ! hospital1 :]e he 0 t5d$ until ! vessel's arrival 9 ,liv]pool1 :]e he 0 l&$ & plac$ 9 hospital4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( 8,syr5 & ,%ipp+40 ,a ,,ligh?\se ,,b$room4 ,ow+ to ! limit$ space ! furniture is r$uc$ to ! m9imum1 ! bunks be+ built aga9/ ! wall4 ,m rem>kable 0 ! accid5t :i* happ5$ at ! ,flann5 ,isl&s light-/ation 9 #aijj2 x rema9s an unsolv$ my/]y to ?is day4 ,?is is "o ( ,scotl&'s lonely lights1 m\nt+ gu>d ov] a gr\p ( islets fifte5 miles (f ! ,hebrides4 ,on ,decemb] #bf ! relief-t5d] approa*$ ! /ation on h] usual =tnightly visit1 b1 to ! amazem5t ( ^? on bo>d1 no signs ( ! keep]s or ! usual signals 7 to be se51 :ile ! lant]n 0 n dress$ 9 its daylight g>b4 ,! crew l&$ hurri$ly1 wond]+ :at 0 amiss4 ,!y f\nd ! ligh?\se absolutely des]t$2 n a sign ( any ( ! ?ree keep]s 0 to be se5 or he>d4 ,!y exam9$ ! log1 & f\nd t ! light _h n be5 burn+ = "s days1 ! la/ entry be+ made ab\t #d a4m4 ne>ly a week previ\sly4 ,! rock 0 se>*$1 b yield$ no clue to ! my/]y ( ! complete disappe>ance ( ! m54 ,! light _h n be5 ab&on$2 x _h simply burn$ itself out4 ,x 0 a =tunate circum/ance t v little %ipp+ frequ5ts ^! seas dur+ ! w9t]1 or !re w\ld h be5 "o or two m>9e disa/]s1 z ! isl&s are (t5 wrapp$ 9 fog4 ,x is surmis$ t "o ( ! m5 v5tur$ outside on to a rocky l$ge 9 ! e>ly h\rs ( ! morn+4 ,accord+ to ! log1 a vici\s /orm 0 rag+ at ! "t1 & probably 9 ! d>kness ! man 0 swept (f 8 feet & c>ri$ into ! sea4 ,! second keep] on duty1 m>vell+ at ! non-return ( 8 assi/ant1 evid5tly _h r\s$ 8 o!r companion1 & ! two _h in/itut$ a se>* 9 ! /orm1 only 9 turn to be caught by a wave & c>ri$ away4 ,9 ,great ,brita91 s9ce #ahfj1 m5 only h be5 employ$ by ! ,tr9ity ,h\se ,bre?r5 = ! ma9t5ance ( ! lights1 b 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates wom5 /ill are engag$ 9 ?is duty4 ,"s ( ! ,briti% lights h be5 controll$ by "o family ?r\gh two or ?ree g5]ations4 ,x 0 only a few ye>s ago t a ,d>l+ retir$ f ! vigil on ! ,long/ones ( ,f>ne ,isl&s1 ! sc5e ( ,grace ,d>l+'s h]oism1 :ile = a c5tury & a half "o family kept ! ,s\? ,=el& light fai?fully4 ,! ,casquets light (f ,ald]ney1 9 ! ,*annel ,isl&s1 0 ma9ta9$ by "o family1 "s ( ! *ildr5 sp5d+ ! :ole ( _! lives on ! rock1 son succe$+ fa!r at ! po/ ( duty4 ,on ! ,am]ican coa/1 h[ev]1 wom5 are m ext5sively employ$4 ,see+ t _m ( ! lights are burn$ 9 a l[ t[] project+ f ! dwell+-h\se1 ?is circum/ance may be readily und]/ood1 z ! duties beyond ! ma9t5ance ( ! light are n exact+4 ,"o ( ! mo/ notable in/ances1 h[ev]1 is ! ,po9t ,p9o light at ! entrance to ,mont]ey ,bay1 on ! ,cali=nian coa/1 ! gu>dian%ip ( :i* has be5 9 fem99e h&s = ! pa/ ?irty ye>s4 ,= some?+ approa*+ half a c5tury a woman ma9ta9$ ! ,mi*igan ,city h>b\r light on ! ,great ,lake ( t "n4 ,inde$1 ! associations 7 s deep-root$ & long t ! beacon became popul>ly kn[n z 8,miss ,colfax's light10 aft] ! "n ( its keep]4 ,ev5 :5 %e atta9$ ! age ( eighty ye>s %e 0 z active & att5tive to h] *>ge z on ! day1 9 #ahfa1 :5 %e fir/ assum$ responsibility = its safe-keep+4 ,9 ^? times !re 0 a beacon e/abli%$ on ! end ( ! wood5 pi]1 :i* rail$ (f an area ( ! re/less lake = ! purposes ( ! inl& port4 ,^? 7 /r5u\s days4 ,h] home 0 on %ore1 & e night & morn+ %e tramp$ ! long arm ( woodwork to light & ext+ui% ! lamp4 ,l>d-oil 0 us$1 & dur+ ! w9t] ! food = ! lamp _h to be heat$ to br+ x into a fluid condition be=e %e set out f home4 ,x 0 no easy matt] /ruggl+ along on a blu/]\s1 gu/y ev5+1 ) a pail ( hot oil 9 "o h& & a lamp 9 ! o!r1 ov] a n>r[ plank4 ,(t51 :5 a gale 0 rag+1 progress 0 s sl[ t by ! "t ! beacon 0 rea*$ ! oil _h cool$ & congeal$1 r5d]+ x a difficult matt] to induce ! lamp to burn4 ,once set go+1 h[ev]1 x 0 safe = ! night1 z ! heat radiat$ f ! burn] kept ! l>d melt$4 ,9 addition to ?is lamp1 !re 0 ano!r light 9 ! t[] project+ f ! ro( ( h] h\se1 :i* _h to be ma9ta9$1 & ?is1 be+ ! ma9 light1 0 ! m important ( ! two4 ,9 #ahhf ! pi] t[] 0 tak5 out ( h] h&s = ev]4 ,a furi\s gale1 su* z is peculi> to ^! inl& seas1 & :i* _c be rivall$ on ! ocean = fury1 0 rag+4 ,at dusk %e />t$ on h] usual j\rney4 ,"t aft] "t %e 0 wellnigh swept (f h] feet1 s t %e /agg]$ r ?an walk$1 = ! spray & s& fleck+ h] face ne>ly bl9d$ h]4 ,:5 %e ga9$ ! t[] %e paus$1 & obs]v$ t x 0 trembl+ viol5tly4 ,undismay$1 %e asc5d$1 lit ! light1 & tramp$ back to ! %ore4 ,sc>cely _h %e ga9$ ! ma9l&1 :51 glanc+ seaw>ds1 %e saw ! light sway f side to side = a second or two1 & !n make a dive into ! wat]4 ,a few mom5ts lat] a cra% rev]b]at$ above ! noise ( ! /orm3 ! decrepit pi] _h succumb$ at la/4 ,h]s 0 a lucky escape1 b %e hurri$ home1 & sat by ! ma9 light gleam+ f h] ro( all t night1 appreh5sive t "s vessel might endeav\r to make ! h>b\r & come to grief4 ,:5 ! pi] 0 rebuilt1 a new beacon 0 plac$ on its extremity1 b its upkeep 0 tak5 ov] by ! h>b\r au?orities1 leav+ only ! %ore light 9 ! tru/y woman's keep+1 ! wicks ( :i* = ov] =ty ye>s 7 trimm$ & lit at dusk1 & ext+ui%$ ) ! dawn1 ) h] own h&s4 ,dur+ ! migratory season ( ! birds extraord9>y sights are witness$ ar\nd ! light at night4 ,! brilliant gl>e attracts enorm\s flocks1 :i* flit to & fro4 ,z ! mon/] flam+ spoke sw+s r\nd1 ! birds1 evid5tly bl9d$ by ! gl>e1 da% ) su* fury aga9/ ! glass panes ( ! lant]n z to flutt] to ! floor ( ! gall]y ) brok5 necks & w+s1 :ile l>ge numb]s1 daz$ or kill$1 fall into ! wat]4 ,! birds are ( all species1 & at times may be pick$ up by ! basketful4 ,!n ! light-keep]s are able to secure a welcome *ange 9 _! diet>y4 ,mo?s1 too1 (t5 hov] 9 cl\ds r\nd ! light1 & are ( su* v>iety t an h\r on ! gall]y w\ld br+ inf9ite delight & ri* h>ve/s to ! y\?ful entomologi/ :o has to be cont5t to hunt ar\nd electric lamps 9 quiet /reets at night4 ,:ile ! lamp is burn+1 "t _c drag1 ow+ to ! multitude ( details :i* compel ! keep]'s con/ant att5tion4 ,! (ficial log has to be kept po/$ ) a ho/ ( facts1 su* z temp]ature1 b>ometric read+s1 wea!r conditions z !y v>y f h\r to h\r1 behavi\r ( ! lamps1 etc42 :ile1 :5 ! ligh?\se is a m>9e signal-/ation z well1 pass+ %ips h to be signall$ & report$4 ,! spell ( lab\r v>ies f f\r to five h\rs or m4 ,obvi\sly1 ! task is m exact+ & ardu\s 9 ! w9t] ?an 9 summ]4 ,dur+ ! =m] season ! lamps h to be light$ z e>ly z #c4ae p4m41 & are n ext+ui%$ until eight o'clock ! next morn+4 ,9 ! summ]1 on ! o!r h&1 ! lamps may be requir$ = less ?an six h\rs or s4 ,9 nor!rn latitudes :]e ! daylight is cont9u\s ow+ to ! midnight sun1 ! light sc>cely seems necess>y4 ,yet x is kept burn+ dur+ ! s*$ul$ h\rs ( d>kness4 ,?us1 night 9 & night out ! :ole ye> r\nd1 a comp>atively small b& ( fai?ful toil]s keeps al]t vigil ov] ! dang]s ( ! deep1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o 8g d[n to ! sea 9 %ips1 & d _! bus9ess 9 great wat]s40 ,! safety ( ?\s&s ( human lives & ( millions /]l+ ( m]*&ise is ve/$ 9 _! keep+4 ,! res\rces ( ! %ipbuild]1 ! /aun*ness ( ! 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inc&esc5t mantle1 #dg-dh ,au/ralia3 ligh?\ses (1 #bbi-ci2 unatt5d$ ligh?\ses1 #bhc ,au/ria1 ligh?\ses1 #dh ,ba*e1 ,g5]al ,h>tmann1 #fc2 ,br&yw9e ,%oal light1 #bjj-bja 8,back lights10 #bj ,ballantyne1 ,a41 ! ,tillamook ,rock ligh?\se1 #ahe-ie ,ballyca/le1 #cac ,baltic ,sea1 unatt5d$ ligh?\ses ( !1 #bgd1 #bgh1 #bia ,b> light%ip1 ,m]sey1 #bdj ,b>n>d1 ,g5]al1 ! ,m9ot's ,l$ge light1 #agh-hb ,b>ra ,head1 #aac ,b>ra ,isl&1 #aac ,b>si] rock1 #bfi ,bauld ,cape light1 #afi 8,bay ( ! ,dead10 ,f9i/]re1 #ba1 #bb ,bea*y ,head ligh?\se1 #bd-bg1 #id ,belfa/1 #cjf ,bell ,rock ligh?\se1 #i2 light+1 #ec2 fog-signals1 #ei2 ! reef1 #if-ig ,bell-buoys1 #fh ,belle ,ile1 #ea2 ! beacons1 #afi2 ! ,nor!rn light1 #agj-ga2 ! ,s\!rn light1 #afi2 ! auxili>y light1 #afi-gj2 isolation (1 #aga ,belle ,ile1 ,/raits (1 #afb1 #afc1 #afi ,bells3 on ligh?\ses1 #eh2 subm>9e1 #bdi-ej ,biscay1 ,bay (1 gales1 #c-d ,bi%op ,rock ligh?\se1 #ch1 #ea1 #ha-hg ,black ,pr9ce1 !1 9 ,gascony1 #d ,black ,sea1 ligh?\ses on !1 #ah-ai ,blau liquid gas1 #dh-di 8,bl[+-holes10 #fb-fc ,bluff1 !1 #bcf ,bois ,blanc ,isl&1 #baa ,bordeaux1 trade (1 #c-d ,bo/on ,h>b\r3 light+1 #f1 #cc-d1 #aif2 ,m9ot's ,l$ge light1 #agf-hb ,bo?nia1 ,gulf (1 unatt5d$ ligh?\ses1 #bfh1 #bgd ,b\nty ,isl&s1 #bci ,b\rdelles1 ,m41 inve/igations1 #ef1 #bai ,br&yw9e ,%oal light1 #bjj-bja ,brebn]1 ,alex&]1 #aag 8,bree*es-buoy10 us$ at ,tillamook ,rock1 #ahg-hi ,brhat1 ,heaux de1 ,reynaud's t[]1 #adi-ec ,brhat1 ,isle (1 #adi ,brem]hav51 #acb1 #ach1 #aci1 #ada ,brett1 ,cape1 ligh?\se1 #bch ,brew/]1 ,sir ,david1 light+ me?ods1 #bi ,bridges & ,roads1 ,dep>tm5t (1 #adh ,bri/ol ,*annel3 ! 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(1 #ad-ae ,triangle ,isl&1 ,briti% ,columbia1 light1 #agd ,tr9ity ,h\se ,bre?r53 pur*ase ( pat5ts1 #f2 ma9t5ance ( ,engli% lights1 #g1 #bf2 adoption ( ! ,daboll trumpet1 #fj2 & ! ,eddy/one1 #gg2 & ! ,wolf ,rock1 #hh-hi2 & ! ,:iteside light1 #ic2 & ! ,fa/net1 #abb2 adoption ( electricity1 #bah1 #bbc2 ! light on ! ,sev5 ,/ones1 #bdh ,tr9ity ,h\se ,museum3 ,smeaton's clock1 #gf-gg2 ,bi%op ,rock fog-bell1 #he-hf ,triumph1 /eam%ip1 wreck1 #bcf ,tyndall1 ,pr(essor1 #ei ,tyree1 isl& (1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #aje1 #ajg ,unit$ ,/ates ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 #fc1 #aih ,unit$ ,/ates ,ligh?\se ,bo>d1 #ac #cf1 #aie2 coa/l9e light+1 #bj1 #aif-bjg2 me?ods ( light+1 #df-dg2 inauguration1 #aih2 ext5t ( control #bjf-g2 light+ ( ! ,great ,lakes1 #bjh-ag2 light%ip s]vice1 #bee2 adoption ( ! ,aga light1 #bid-ie ,unit$ ,/ates ,typographical ,eng9e]s1 #agf ,un/1 isl& (1 #aab ,u%ant1 #adh1 #aef1 #aeg ,u%ant ,isl&1 #aeh ,vanc\v]1 #agc2 coa/l9e1 #bhd ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 #agd ,victoria1 #agc ,victoria1 /eam]1 wreck1 #cjc-d ,waipapapa ,po9t ligh?\se1 #bcf1 #bcg ,walk]1 ,james1 #h2 ,bi%op ,rock light1 #hd-e ,wanganui1 ,n4,z41 #bcc ,wat]-gas1 #dh ,well+ton1 ,n4,z41 #bcc-d ,wes] ,riv] e/u>y1 #acb ,we/ ,indies ligh?\ses1 #cji ,:ite ant1 ravages ( !1 #bfd-ff ,:ite ,%oal ligh?\se1 #bae1 #baf ,:iteside light1 #ib1 #ic ,:i/les on ligh?\ses1 #eh ,wigham light1 #bgi-bhj1 #bhb1 #bif-ig ,willson1 ,mr4 ,?omas3 ! acetyl5e automatic light1 #bhe-hi1 #bia1 #bid ,w9*elsea1 wreck ( !1 #gb1 #gd ,w9dw>d ,po9t1 ,cuba1 #cjh ,w9/anley1 ,h5ry3 ! ,eddy/one ligh?\se1 #gc ,wireless in/allation3 on ! ,fa/net1 #aca2 /ation1 ,sable ,isl&1 #afg2 ,belle ,ile1 ,s\!rn ,po9t1 #agj2 ! ,eid] light%ip1 #bdi ,wirral1 #af1 #cji ,wolf ,rock ligh?\se1 #ad2 bl[+ holes1 #fc1 #hg-ib2 relief1 #caa ,wom5 z ligh?\se-keep]s1 #cad-ae ,wra?1 ,cape1 #aab ,wreck]s ( ! ,wolf ,rock1 #hh2 ,*9ese1 #beh-ei ,,bill+ ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,guild=d ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ?is book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$2 occasional unbalanc$ quotation m>ks reta9$4 ,ambigu\s hyph5s at ! ends ( l9es 7 reta9$4 ,index n *eck$ = prop] alphabetization or correct page ref]5ces4 ,ditto m>ks 9 ! ,index h be5 replac$ by ! actual text4 ,empty1 featureless areas along ! side7s7 ( "s illu/rations h be5 remov$ by ,transcrib]4 ,?is all[$ ^? illu/rations to be %[n l>g] & ) great] detail4 ,page #bcc3 8,ly-ce-moon0 likely is a mispr9t = 8,ly-ee-moon04