,transcrib$ f ! #ahej ,francis ,john ,riv+ton edition by ,david ,price1 email ccx#jgdpglaf4org ,,london3 ,,gilb]t ,,riv+ton1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,/4 ,,john',s ,,squ>e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,papal ,,infallibility4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,,! ,,v5]able ,,john ,,s9clair ,m4,a4 ,,ar*deacon ,,( ,,middlesex1 ,,& ,,vic> ,,( ,,k5s+ton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,francis ,,john ,,riv+ton1 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,*ur* ,,y>d1 ,,& ,,wat]loo ,,place4 #ahej4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,on ,,papal ,,infallibility4 8,holy ,scripture conta9e? all ?+s necess>y to salvation3 s t :atsoev] is n read !re91 nor may be prov$ !reby1 is n to be requir$ ( any man1 t x %\ld be believ$ z an article ( ! fai?1 or be ?\ght requisite or necess>y to salvation40--,six? ,article ( ,religion4 8,z we d5y n ^? ?+s t are writt51 s we refuse ^? t are n writt540--,j]ome4 #a 8,! ,_s ( ,god1 !re=e1 is ! only infallible judge "h2 & has decl>$ z pla9ly z any successive judges c1 9 ^? ?+s t are necess>y to life & salvation1 :at is to be believ$ & to be done2 :i* if we believe & practise 9 p>ticul>1 & d also 9 g5]al1 & implicitly believe & /& 9 a read9ess to obey ! re/ ( ! ,scripture1 :5 ! s5se !re( appe>s to u1 we are 9 a safe condition1 & ne$ n d\bt b x w g well ) u 9 ! o!r /ate40--,works ( ,h5ry ,m1 pp4 #dec1 #ded4 ,,e reflect+ ,*ri/ian1 z soon almo/ z he is capable ( reflection1 mu/ h cont9ual occasion to obs]ve ) sorr[ & anxiety ! multipli$ v>ieties ( op9ion t divide ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 on e po9t or article ( ,*ri/ian fai?2 ! confid5ce ) :i* e sect lays claim exclusively to ! possession ( sav+ k1 & ! unqualifi$ sev]ity ) :i* ea* p>ty reprobates ! o!r1 z be+ implicat$ 9 unp>donable h]esy4 ,on he>+ 7& :o c escape he>+87 ! fulm9ation ( ^! mutual ana!mas1 we n only grieve = ! /ate ( dreadful p]il 9 :i*1 if we admit su* pr9ciples1 a l>ge proportion ( our neighb\rs1 fri5ds1 & fell[ ,*ri/ians mu/ be involv$3 b we grieve likewise on our own acc\nt4 ,we are visit$ ) d\bts1 misgiv+s1 & appreh5sions1 le/ we ourselves1 ?r\gh ignorance or prejudice1 %\ld h adopt$ unaw>es into our cre$ "s article conta9+ deadly error2 or %\ld h omitt$ some?+ indisp5sable to salvation4 ,9 ?is /ate ( intellectual & spiritual p]plexity1 if we want ! ,*ri/ian indu/ry & moral c\rage to "w out = ourselves1 by ! help ( ,god1 ?is greate/ ( all problems1 we are 9 a /ate ( passive read9ess to receive c\nsel f ! fir/ advis]4 ,among ! multitude ( c\nsellors :o pres5t !mselves1 none is m importunately obtrusive1 or m dictatorially confid5t ?an ! ,romani/2 & ,i propose1 = ! subject ( ?is essay1 to exam9e successively ! rem$ies & exp$i5ts he sugge/s = calm+ our disquietude1 & re/or+ our religi\s peace4 ,he in=ms u t our /ate ( m9d is ! necess>y consequ5ce ( adh]+ to a ,prote/ant communion2 & t we nev] c obta9 repose & satisfaction until we ent] ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*--until1 ) ! o!r w&]+ %eep disp]s$ ov] ! =bidd5 pa/ures ( ! e>?1 we return ) humble p5it5ce to ! fold :i* we h left2 until1 9 %ort1 we r5\nce all dep5d5ce on ! conclusions ( unc]ta9 reason1 & e/abli% our ,fai? = ev] ^u ! dictates ( infallibility4 8,t !re mu/10 he adds1 8be "s :]e ^u e>? an infallible liv+ judge1 an arbit] ( religi\s controv]sy incapable ( error1 an au?ority f ^: decision on po9ts ( fai? !re c be no appeal1 is a pla9 & obvi\s pr9ciple1 :i*1 on prop] reflection1 y w f9d impossible to be reject$4 ,n to insi/ on argum5ts f ,scripture1 al?\gh suffici5tly conclusive1 & capable 9 !mselves ( prov+ t su* an arbit] has be5 appo9t$1 !re are indep5d5t consid]ations 9 fav\r ( infallibility :i* ought to satisfy e reasonable m9d3 = ! wise ,creator ( man w\ld nev] grant a revelation to 8 creatures1 & !n leave !m to ! direction ( _! own err+ judgm5t 9 asc]ta9+ ! tru?s reveal$4 ,! b5evol5t ,creator ( man mu/ "k t man is fallible2 t he ne$s indisp5sably a conductor2 & t )\t "s infallible conductor ! b5efits ( revelation w\ld be d\btful & prec>i\s4 ,b if infallibility exi/ at all 9 ! ,*ur*1 x mu/ exi/ 9 ! ,papal communion1 :i* alone makes ! lea/ pret5sion to ! privilege4 ,!re=e1 only reconcile y\rself to our infallibly direct$ ,*ur*1 & y w no long] f9d occasion = uneas9ess4 ,y w be guid$ safely ?r\gh all ! mazes ( !ological disputation4 ,in/ead ( be+ #8toss$ to & fro1 & c>ri$ ab\t ) e w9d ( doctr9e' #c;a on a %oreless ocean ( unc]ta9ty & error1 y w repose ) com=t & unruffl$ calm 9 ! quiet hav5 ( infallibility40 ,on ! promulgation ( ^! assurances our disquietude w\ld at once be tranquilliz$1 if we c\ld b p]suade ourselves t ! promise ( infallible direction1 w\ld be z c]ta9ly fulfill$1 z x is confid5tly made4 ,b "h lies ! difficulty4 ,! ass]tions ( our ,romi% c\nsellor are bold1 b ! pr9ciple f :i* he argues is fallaci\s4 ,! assum$ pr9ciple1 t ! human m9d is capable ( prejudg+ :at conduct ! ,creator mu/ pursue t[>ds 8 creatures1 or ( pre-det]m9+ :at b5efits he mu/ be/[1 is incompatible ) our nature1 & irreconcilable ) exp]i5ce4 #c;b ,we may p]haps admit1 t if infallibility be f\nd at all 9 ! ,*ur*1 x mu/ be f\nd 9 t bran* :i* alone pret5ds to ! privilege3 b are we w>rant$ to conclude t ,god mu/ h grant$ ?is extraord9>y privilege1 m]ely because we ?9k x likely1 or prop]1 or desirable1 t ,he %\ld grant x8 ,c we safely inf]1 9 any case1 t ,god mu/ h done :at we ?9k x "r t ,he %\ld d2 & make ?is inf]5ce indep5d5tly ( all pro(1 t ,he has actually done s8 ,is x n dictatorial1 & haz>d\s 9 ! la/ degree1 to det]m9e by ab/ract reason+s1 :at l9e ( conduct x w\ld be prop] = an all-p]fect1 & all-wise ,be+ to adopt1 till evid5ce appe> t ,he has really adopt$ x8 ,we may inde$ re/ assur$1 9 g5]al1 t ,god w d no?+ arbitr>y or irrational2 b h[ (t5 & h[ fatally %\ld we be misl$1 did we v5ture to pr$ict t a c]ta9 c\rse ( ,div9e action is alone rational1 b5evol5t1 & j--&1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 ! c\rse actually foll[$ by ! ,almighty6 ,if we admit ?is mode ( reason+1 & haz>d speculations ( ?is k9d1 we %\ld c]ta9ly ?9k x reasonable1 t if ,god creat$ s5sitive be+s1 ,he w\ld make infallible provision aga9/ e error or mi/ake1 :i* might r5d] !m liable to fall f a /ate ( hol9ess into a /ate ( guilt & mis]y4 ,we %\ld ?9k x fur!r reasonable = ,him to cause ^? mo/ ess5tial tru?s ( religion1 8 own exi/5ce & p]fections1 to re/ on evid5ce infallible & demon/rative2 s z to preclude all d\bt or hesitation 9 ! mo/ sceptical inquir]4 ,or1 7to suppose ano!r case17 9 disput$ que/ions ( political importance among nations1 s9ce w> & blood%$ _c o!rwise be prev5t$1 we %\ld ?9k x reasonable = ,him to appo9t "s great judge ( int]national law1 by :om all diff]5ces might infallibly be det]m9$1 & ! bless+s ( tranquillity & peace secur$ to all ! k+doms ( ! e>?4 ,b ,god has n fulfill$ ^! expectations1 ?\gh to all appe>ance highly reasonable4 ,he has left bo? m5 & angels to ! fre$om ( _! own wills2 & has creat$ !m n only capable ( abus+ t gift ( fre$om1 b ( involv+ !mselves 9 s9 & wick$ness1 & 9 ev]la/+ ru94 ,he has af=d$ no infallible1 no demon/rative evid5ce ( 8 own exi/5ce & p]fections2 b has left mank9d to asc]ta9 ^! fundam5tal tru?s f pr9ciples ( ab/ract reason1 & by reflections on ! works ( nature & ( ,provid5ce4 ,he p]mits cont5d+ nations to decide _! qu>rels by an appeal to arms3 & not)/&+ all ! mis*iefs consequ5t ^u w>1 has n ?\ght fit to make t effectual provision aga9/ ?is widely desolat+ s\rce ( evil1 :i* our human wisdom1 if appeal$ to1 w\ld probably h sugge/$2 namely1 ! appo9tm5t ( an un]r+ & au?oritative arbit]4 ,we are1 !re=e1 n entitl$ to argue t ,god 9 8 k+dom ( grace mu/ unque/ionably h pursu$ a c\rse1 :i*1 9 8 k+dom ( ,provid5ce1 ,he has n pursu$2 nor to ma9ta9 t to sil5ce all religi\s controv]sies1 ,he mu/ indisp5sably h _h rec\rse to an exp$i5t :i*1 9 political disputes1 ,he has neglect$4 ,we are n entitl$ to inf]1 t ,he mu/ necess>ily h det]m9$1 by ! au?ority ( an infallible judge1 ! less ess5tial tru?s ( religion2 :5 ,he has left ! fundam5tal tru?s ( all1 to be det]m9$ by our own err+ reason4 ,we are n entitl$ to inf]1 t ! ,creator ( m5 mu/ h made infallible provision aga9/ _! fall+ into h]esy or 8believ+ a lie10 & ?us fru/rat+ ! means = _! re/oration to a /ate ( hol9ess & happ9ess2 :5 ,he made no provision ( t k9d aga9/ _! fall4 #e ,b grant+ to our ,romani/ advis] t 8 repres5tations 7 z s\nd z !y are fallaci\s2 /ill !y c\ld only lead u to a probable1 & nev] to an infallible conclusion4 ,! /r5g? ( ! build+ mu/ be proportionate to ! solidity ( its f\ndation4 ,if our fai? 9 ! suppos$ infallible arbit] is to be f\nd$ on ! validity & =ce ( ! argum5ts & conjectures :i* h be5 /at$2 our fai? 9 ! decisions ( t arbit] _c be great] ?an our fai? 9 ! argum5ts & conjectures :i* support 8 infallibility4 ,s9ce ^! pro(s1 at ! v utmo/1 are any ?+ b demon/rations1 & are only probabilities1 we _c "u any circum/ances h m ?an probability to guide u3 & we !re=e end z we began1 & our disquietude ev5 on our admission ( an un]r+ judge1 rema9s exactly z be=e4 ,our ,romi% advocate1 h[ev]1 is n discomfit$4 ,he proce$s to affirm t ! pret5sions ( 8 ,*ur* are support$ by analogy4 ,he rem9ds u t ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 "u ! ,jewi% disp5sation1 0 direct$ by an infallible human au?ority2 & t ! same high privilege1 be+ equally want$1 might be equally expect$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian conomy4 ,he quotes = ?is purpose ^? magnific5t assurances ( ,god's peculi> fav\r & protection1 to be f\nd ?r\gh\t ! books ( ,moses & ( ! prophets2 & relies especially on ! rem>kable rule e/abli%$ by ! legislator ( ,israel to ?is effect3 8,if !re arise a matt] too h>d = !e 9 judgm5t1 ?\ %alt come unto ! ,prie/s1 ! ,levites1 & unto ! ,judge t %all be 9 ^? days1 & inquire1 & !y %all %[ !e ! s5t5ce ( judgm5t4 ,& ! man t w d presumptu\sly1 & w n he>k5 unto ! ,prie/1 or unto ! ,judge1 ev5 t man %all die40 #f ,to ?is argum5t f analogy we may reply1 t ! alleg$ fact on :i* ! analogy dep5ds1 is unf\nd$4 ,! ,jewi% ,*ur* 0 n infallible4 ,! evid5ce adduc$ to prove x s is totally inadequate2 & unansw]able evid5ce may be br\ght =w>d to prove x o!rwise4 ,) respect to ! text 9 "q1 x has n ! remote/ connexion ) matt]s ( fai?3 x relates entirely to matt]s ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,! introductory words ( ! passage1 if quot$ fairly1 & at full l5g?1 mu/ satisfy e read]1 t !y apply only to secul> litigation3 t :at is "h enjo9$ by ! ,mosaic law is submission to ! legal magi/rate1 n ass5t to any article ( ,fai?3 t ! contumacy "h =bidd5 "u p5alty ( dea?1 0 n h]esy b rebellion2 n ob/9ate error1 b ob/9ate disob$i5ce4 8,if !re arise a matt] too h>d = !e 9 judgm5t1 betwe5 blood & blood1 betwe5 plea & plea1 & betwe5 /roke & /roke1 c40 #g;a--an evid5t ref]5ce ?is to civil litigation4 ,besides1 h[ev] enc\rag+ ! language ( ! ,jewi% ,scripture respect+ ,god's 8ev]la/+ k9dness0 to 8 8*os5 p10 we "k on ! au?ority ( _! own hi/orians1 t !y w5t cont9ually wrong4 ,ev5 9 ! days ( und\bt$ div9e int]position we read t 8! p corrupt$ !mselves1 & turn$ aside quickly out ( ! way :i* ,god comm&$ !m40 #g;b 8,a>on0 7_! suppos$ infallible guide7 8made a gold5 calf1 & !y said1 ,^! be ?y gods1 ,o ,israel1 :i* br\ght !e up out ( ! l& ( ,egypt30 aga91 we are in=m$ conc]n+ ,j]oboam1 ! son ( ,nebat1 t 8he took c\nsel1 & made two calves ( gold1 & said unto !m1 ,x is too mu* = y to g up to ,j]usalem1 behold ?y gods1 ,o ,israel1 :i* br\ght !e up out ( ! l& ( ,egypt40 #g;c ,fur!r1 x is record$ ( ,elijah1 t he compla9$ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,israel1 z if x _h entirely apo/atiz$ & disappe>$ f ! e>?4 ,he exclaims 9 8 address to ,god1 8,! *ildr5 ( ,israel h =sak5 ?y cov5ant1 ?r[n d[n ?9e alt>s1 & sla9 ?y prophets ) ! sword2 & ,i1 ev5 ,i only am left40 ,we read ( ,ahab t he ga!r$ 8 prophets toge!r1 ab\t f\r hundr$ m51 & t !re 0 only "o individual1 ,micaiah1 8a prophet ( ! ,"l40 #g;d ,j]emiah lam5ts ov] 8 corrupt times1 exclaim+1 8,a wond]ful & horrible ?+ is committ$ 9 ! l&3 ! ,prophets prophesy falsely1 & ! ,prie/s be> rule ?r\gh _! means2 & my p love to h x s40 #g;e ,isaiah compla9s ( ! ,jewi% prie/hood 9 8 "t1 "u ! figurative "n ( 8wat*m510 t !y 7 8bl9d10 t !y 7 all 8ignorant %eph]ds t c\ld n und]/&40 #g;f ,b f9ally1 to omit _m less rem>kable in/ances ( error & apo/asy1 our bless$ ,savi\r ,himself 0 condemn$ by ! ,jewi% ,*ur* & crucifi$4 ,s9ce !re=e ! ,jewi% ,*ur* 0 n infallible1 ! argum5t f analogy1 :atev] value our ,romi% fri5d may atta* to x1 is all di/9ctly on our side4 ,if previ\s to ! ,*ri/ian ra no un]r+ director 0 appo9t$1 none may be appo9t$ n[4 ,! next res\rce ( our +5i\s disputant is to affirm1 t unless ! ,*ur* possess$ infallibility we c\ld h no c]ta9 nor infallible belief ( ! ,scriptures1 = :i* 8 ,*ur* is our au?ority4 ,to ?is sophism we c easily reply1 by correspond+ cases4 ,! copyi/s & libr>ians :o h pres]v$ to u ! ,greek & ,lat9 classics are n1 on t acc\nt1 infallible expositors ( classical antiquity4 ,suppos+1 !re=e1 t we are exclusively indebt$ to ,romanism = transmitt+ to u ! sacr$ oracles1 x does n foll[ t ,romani/s int]pret !m infallibly4 ,x happ5s also1 7un=tunately = ,romani/ pret5sions17 t we are n indebt$ to any local tradition1 su* z t ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 = ! pres]vation ( ! canonical books ( ,scripture2 b to ! univ]sal tradition ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,p]haps we are m "u obligation to ! ,greek ?an to ! ,lat9 ,*ur*2 bo? because ! writ+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 orig9ally 9 ,greek1 & because ! *ief au?orities to prove _! g5u95ess & au!nticity1 z well z ! e>lie/ enum]ations ( !m are n ,romi%1 b ori5tal productions4 #h ,x ?us appe>s t infallibility is n demon/rable by ab/ract reason+s & analogies1 b mu/ be prov$1 if x be prov$ at all1 by direct evid5ce4 ,to evid5ce ( ?is latt] description we readily give att5tion1 & reque/ our ,romani/ to in=m u :at he has to (f] 9 ! %ape ( an explicit promise f ,god to support ! claims ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*4 ,at ! same "t we give him w>n+1 t be=e he c satisfy our m9ds1 he mu/ lay be=e u full & categorical in=mation on ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3 namely1 #a4 ,by :at organ ! infallible oracles ( ,rome are deliv]$4 #b4 ,by :at evid5ce ! claim to infallibility1 z exi/+ 9 t organ1 is e/abli%$2 & #c4 ,on :at security we c rely1 t our own fallible reason w n mi/ake nor misconceive ! doctr9e prop\nd$ = our belief4 ,our desire ( satisfaction on ^! po9ts is n express$ 9 any capti\s _s1 b is sugge/$ by ! necessity ( ! case4 ,= if we _c infallibly discov] 9 :at p]son or p]sons infallibility resides2 if ! ,romani/ _c prove to u by infallible argum5ts1 t infallibility belongs to ! p]son or p]sons = :om he claims x2 & if fur!r1 we _c obta9 f our in/ructor 9 ,romanism "s infallible security t we %all und]/& ! doctr9es propos$ to u3 x pla9ly foll[s t ! infallibility he s p]t9aci\sly insi/s ^u1 mu/ be to u a matt] ( indiff]5ce1 att5d$ ) no "o practical result4 ,our d\bts & p]plexities w cont9ue unresolv$1 & we %all be compell$ to seek "s o!r guide to ! peace & c]ta9ty we s anxi\sly desid]ate4 ,b unhappily 9 all ^! respects ! promises ( our ,romi% advocate1 ! m !y are exam9$1 appe> ! m un/able & unsafe4 ,= fir/ ( all1 :5 we inquire by :at organ ! infallible oracles are promulgat$2 he is oblig$ to ackn[l$ge1 t ?is important po9t has be5 = ages a subject ( mu* dispute1 & a "q v f> f be+ yet infallibly det]m9$4 ,v>i\s are ! conflict+ au?orities1 ! :ole ( :i* x w\ld be ne$less1 or p]haps impossible to enum]ate4 #i ,"s le>n$ ,romani/s are ( op9ion t infallibility is lodg$ 9 ! ,roman ,pontiff1 z successor to ,/4 ,pet]3 o!rs ( equal le>n+ are incl9$ to place x 9 a g5]al ,c\ncil3 a ?ird p>ty1 n conceiv+ t a ,pope or ,c\ncil s+ly is infallible1 ascribe infallibility to bo? 9 conjunction3 & f\r?ly1 !re are n want+ num]\s & le>n$ au?orities :o insi/ t ev5 ! decrees ( a g5]al ,c\ncil1 ratifi$ by ! ,pope1 are n to be acc\nt$ infallible1 until !y h be5 receiv$ by ! ,*ur* ,univ]sal4 ,?is explanation is v f> f satisfactory3 = we ?us p]ceive1 7accord+ to ! av[al ( ,romani/s !mselves17 our liability to cont9ual mi/akes & misappreh5sions respect+ ! real qu>t] :]e infallible direction c be f\nd4 ,if we take a ,pope or ,c\ncil s+ly = our guide1 we h no security = avoid+ deadly h]esy2 = a ,pope or ,c\ncil s+ly may be h]etical4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we /udy to avoid ?is dang] by atta*+ our fai? exclusively to a ,pope & ,c\ncil 9 conjunction1 7t is1 to ! decree ( a g5]al ,c\ncil ratifi$ by ,papal sanction17 we fall into ano!r dang]1 & may reject or omit "s necess>y doctr9e1 to :i* a ,pope or ,c\ncil s+ly has affix$ ! seal ( infallibility4 ,?is admitt$ unc]ta9ty z to ! qu>t] ( ! e>? t[>ds :i* we are to look = infallible guidance1 is a gr\nd ( fair presumption1 p]haps ev5 ( demon/ration1 t infallibility is 9 no qu>t] to be f\nd4 ,= ! v object ( infallibility is ! removal ( all d\bt2 b d\bt c nev] be remov$ :ile ! "q1 :o is ! remov] ( x1 rema9s unfix$1 & impossible to be decid$4 ,to receive assurances ! mo/ positive & solemn1 t all our d\bts %all be resolv$2 & yet to be told t ! au?ority = resolv+ !m is d\btful1 is to use a cruel mode ( trifl+ ) our simplicity4 ,= x has be5 long & pa9fully rem>k$1 z ! reproa* ( ,romani/s1 t1 on _! pr9ciples1 ! greate/ controv]sy among ,*ri/ians is1 h[ to fix ! organ by :i*1 or by :om1 controv]sies %all be un]r+ly det]m9$4 #aj ,f9d+ ourselves disappo9t$ t ?is great "q1 9 :at place ! infallible oracle resides1 rema9s /ill 9 agitation1 we next entreat our ,papal advis] to expla9 ! gr\nds on :i* ! sev]al p>ties he has m5tion$ claim ! l(ty privilege ascrib$ to !m4 ,& s9ce a liv+ judge1 sitt+ con/antly 9 "o spot1 & !re=e always ready to be consult$1 is incomp>ably m desirable z ! organ ( un]r+ tru?1 ?an an assembly ( div9es1 :om x is (t5 difficult to call toge!r2 we are all att5tion1 wait+ eag]ly to he> 9 ! fir/ place ! claims ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 & to receive1 if possible1 su* cle> & conv9c+ argum5ts = ,pontifical infallibility1 t h5ce=w>d we %all be able to rely ^u x ) infallible assurance4 ,9 compliance ) ?is reque/1 our ,papal guide adduces :at he consid]s evid5ce f ,scripture1 & re/s ! ,papal cause ^u ! foll[+ decl>ations ( our ,"l4 ,fir/1 8,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build my *ur*20 secondly1 8,i w give unto !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( ,heav52 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9 heav51 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav520 ?irdly1 8,i h pray$ t ?y fai? fail n20 & la/ly1 8,fe$ my %eep40 #aa ,:5 we le>n t ^! quotations are br\ght =w>d z suffici5t gr\nds = e/abli%+ an infallible assurance ( ,papal infallibility1 our fir/ impression is ( surprise3 & our surprise increases into amazem5t1 ! m we try to foll[ our guide1 & to re/ an infallible assurance ^u reasons s unc]ta9 & prec>i\s4 ,!re is ?r\gh\t ! texts quot$1 no m5tion ( ! ,roman ,pontiff :atev]1 nor any di/9ct allusion to ! subject ( infallibility4 ,x !re=e seems extremely difficult to compreh5d h[ any reason+ man %\ld !nce inf] t ! ,pontiff is infallible4 ,b "h we are next giv5 to und]/& t 8 ,hol9ess1 z successor to ,/4 ,pet]1 inh]its all ! privileges ( ,/4 ,pet]2 & t :at our ,savi\r promis$ to t ,apo/le 0 n promis$ to him p]sonally1 b to 8 successors 9 all ages4 ,yet1 on exam9+ ! au?orities aga91 we f9d no w>rant = ! conclusion ass]t$4 ,!re is no?+ to assure u infallibly1 no?+ :i* w\ld ev5 lead u to suspect t our ,"l look$ fur!r ?an to ! ,apo/le himself1 or conf]r$ ^u him any privilege n %>$ 9 common ) 8 bre?r54 ,our ,savi\r's pray] t ! fai? ( ,pet] might n fail1 & 8 subsequ5t re/oration ( him to ! ,apo/olic (fice by ! ?rice repeat$ *>ge ( 8,fe$ my %eep10 h obvi\s ref]5ce to ! "* & conduct ( t disciple--at "o "t an apo/ate1 aft]w>ds an accept$ p5it5t4 ,!y c relate to no o!r p]son1 & to no o!r circum/ances4 ,& 8x is absurd10 z ,bi%op ,/ill+fleet obs]ves1 8to inf] an impossibility 9 ! ,pope ( fall+1 f a promise to ,/4 ,pet] ( recov]y0 & re/oration4 #ab;a ,aga91 ! promise1 8:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9 heav510 #ab;b conveys no peculi> advantage or pre-em95ce to ,/4 ,pet]2 = ! v same p[] is convey$ aft]w>ds by our ,"l ,himself to ! :ole numb] ( ! ,apo/les4 8,receive ye ! ,holy ,gho/3 ^: soev] s9s ye remit1 !y are remitt$ unto !m2 & ^: soev] s9s ye reta91 !y are reta9$40 #ab;c ,9 respect to ! privilege ) :i* t promise is introduc$1 8,i give unto !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav510 if ^! words really h any mean+ di/9ct f ! p[] already m5tion$ ( b9d+ & loos+1 !y ref] prophetically to ,/4 ,pet]1 z ! p]son by ^: in/rum5tality ! gates ( ! ,*ur* w\ld be op5$ to mank9d4 ,& accord+ly ) "o key ! ,apo/le1 on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 op5$ ! gate ( ! ,*ur* to ! believ+ ,jews & proselytes1 :5 by ! s]mon :i* he prea*$ at ,j]usalem he conv]t$ ab\t ?ree ?\s& s\ls2 & ) ! o!r key he aft]w>ds op5$ ! gate ( ! ,*ur* to ,cornelius & 8 fri5ds1 :o 7 ! fir/ ,g5tile conv]ts4 #ac;a ,! decl>ation1 8,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock #ac;b ,i w build my *ur*10 is a text ( v ambigu\s mean+1 & _c !re=e be ! gr\nd ( infallible assurance4 ,we h no means ( cle>ly asc]ta9+ :e!r our ,"l ref]s to ! p]son ( ,/4 ,pet] z a f\ndation = ! ,*ur*1 or to ! confession ( ,/4 ,pet] made 9 ! prec$+ v]se4 8,?\ art ! ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god40 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! fa!rs1 includ+ ,hil>y1 ,*ryso/om1 ,!odoret1 ,!ophylact1 & ,augu/91 #ac;c und]/ood our ,savi\r's decl>ation z ref]r+ solely to ! confession ( ,fai? made s di/9ctly & s zeal\sly by ! ,apo/le4 ,! text itself seems evid5tly to require ! int]pretation4 ,to speak /rictly1 ,*ri/ ,himself is ! sole f\ndation ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 & an ,apo/le c\ld only be s 9 a second>y s5se4 ,9 ?is second>y s5se1 h[ev]1 ! ,*ur* is n f\nd$ ^u ,/4 ,pet] only 9 p>ticul>1 b on ! ,apo/olic college 9 g5]al2 z ,/4 ,paul m ?an once affirm$4 8,ye are built10 he says to ! ,ephesians1 8^u ! ,apo/les & ,prophets1 ,jesus ,*ri/ himself be+ ! *ief corn] /one40 #ac;d 8,o!r f\ndation10 he says to ! ,cor9?ians1 8c no man lay40 #ac;e ,& aga91 address+ ! ,*ur* ( ,cor9?1 7:5 ! same inspir$ writ] reckons up ! diff]5t gradations ( ,*ri/ian m9i/]s17 he does n m5tion ,/4 ,pet] fir/1 z ne>] ! f\ndation ?an any o!r memb] ( ! ,apo/olic college2 b speaks ( ! :ole body 9 ! foll[+ g5]al t]ms2 8,god ha? set "s 9 8 ,*ur*1 fir/ ,apo/les1 second>ily prophets1 ?irdly tea*]s40 #ac;f ,! ,revelations ( ,/4 ,john describe 9 l mann] ! wall ( ! holy city1 z hav+ 8twelve f\ndations1 & 9 !m ! names ( ! twelve ,apo/les ( ! ,lamb40 #ad;a ,!re is n a ve/ige !re=e ( scriptural evid5ce1 mu* less an infallible demon/ration1 t ! successors ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :oev] !y may be1 are possess$ ( infallibility4 ,& suppos+ 8 successors to be infallible1 !re is n ! slighte/ scriptural gr\nd = believ+ t 8 successors are ! ,bi%ops ( ,rome4 ,on ?is po9t1 s vitally ess5tial to ! ,papal cause1 ! sacr$ writ+s are :olly sil5t4 ,!y inde$ in=m u t ?is ,apo/le prea*$ at ,j]usalem1 at ,cs>ea1 at ,joppa1 & at ,antio*1 b !y no :]e ev5 intimate t he ev] 0 at ,rome3 /ill less !re=e c we expect !m to affirm t he 0 local ,bi%op ( t ,see2 & lea/ ( all1 t ! ,roman ,bi%ops 79 pref]5ce to ! ,bi%ops 9 o!r *ur*es ( :i* he 0 ! f\nd]17 7 heirs ( 8 peculi> privileges2 & along ) o!r ,apo/olic privileges1 inh]it$ infallibility1 :ile !y lo/ ! gifts ( miracles & ( tongues4 #ad;b ,! abs5ce ( pro(s f ,scripture 9 fav\r ( ! ,papal claims1 is by no means comp5sat$ by a pl5itude ( evid5ce f antiquity4 ,9 anci5t times ! pret5sion to infallibility1 in/ead ( be+ univ]sally ackn[l$g$1 0 n ev5 alleg$4 ,x 0 nev] s mu* z m5tion$4 ,*ur*es & ,fa!rs1 9 ! primitive age1 on occasions ( _! diss5t+ f ! ,roman ,pontiff1 s f> f yield+ rev]5tly & implicitly to 8 op9ions1 op5ly conte/$ !m l ^? ( any o!r bi%op1 metropolitan1 or patri>*4 ,nay1 !y ev5 sometimes excommunicat$ _! infallible sup]ior4 #ad;c ,! ,roman ,pontiff1 on ! o!r h&1 s f> f cru%+ opposition by ! v]dict ( infallibility1 endeav\r$ always to support 8 doctr9e by ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 ( reason1 or ( antiquity4 ,:5 appeals 7 made to him by disputants 9 a lat] age1 x 0 nev] /at$ or imag9$ to be _! gr\nd ( select+ him z _! arbit]1 t 8 decision w\ld be infallible2 b only t he m]it$ su* a tribute ( respect1 ei!r 9 consid]ation ( 8 private "*1 z a wise1 j1 & holy individual1 or by virtue ( 8 (ficial rank z bi%op ( ! imp]ial city4 #ae;a ,:5 ,byzantium 0 rais$ to ! same imp]ial em95ce1 by ! "n ( ,con/ant9ople1 or ,new ,rome1 ! ,byzant9e ,patri>* 0 decl>$ by ! second g5]al c\ncil held ,a4,d4 #cha1 to be ( equal dignity ) 8 ,roman bro!r4 ,prec$5ce only1 or nom9al priority1 0 res]v$ to ! episcopate ( ! m anci5t capital4 ,?is res]vation 0 confirm$ ,a4,d4 #dea1 by ! f\r? g5]al c\ncil held at ,*alc$on2 9 ! decrees ( :i* ! reason giv5 = ?is nom9al priority ( ,old ov] ,new ,rome is m]ely political1 & has no?+ to d ) spiritual conc]ns4 8,! ,fa!rs10 say ! memb]s ( ?is lat] c\ncil 7ref]r+ to _! pr$ecessors71 8h ju/ly assign$ ! eld]%ip to ! seat ( eld] ,rome--on acc\nt ( ! k+ly or imp]ial au?ority ( t city 7 71 & !y h assign$ equal privileges 7 7 to ,new ,rome1 rationally judg+ t ! city :i* 0 hon\r$ by ! imp]ial p[] & by ! resid5ce ( ! ,s5ate1 & :i* enjoy$ equal privileges ) ,royal ,rome1 its eld] si/]1 %\ld1 l h]1 be exalt$ 9 ecclesia/ical rank40 7 47 #ae;b ,t ! ,roman ,bi%ops 7 nev] all[$ to arrogate infallibility by ! anci5t ,*ur* is fur!r evid5t f ! fact1 t !y 7 n all[$ ev5 to claim supreme jurisdiction4 ,! ,patri>* ( ,rome _h no ecclesia/ical au?ority beyond c]ta9 prov9ces & *ur*es t]m$ suburbic>y 7ecclesi suburbic>i71 includ+1 at ! mo/1 c]ta9 di/ricts ( ,italy1 toge!r ) ! adjac5t isl&s4 #af;a ,! o!r f\r ,patri>*s 7( ,con/ant9ople1 ,antio*1 ,alex&ria1 & ,j]usalem17 7 entirely indep5d5t ( _! ,roman colleague1 & ( ea* o!r4 ,:5 ,john1 ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 t[>ds ! close ( ! six? c5tury1 put =? a claim to supreme & univ]sal rule 9 ! ,*ur*1 enc\rag$ 9 ?is insol5t pret5sion by ! resid5ce ( ! emp]or )9 ! limits ( 8 ,see--! ,popes ( t p]iod1 ,pelagius & ,gregory ! ,great1 resi/$ ) great en]gy 8 pret5sions2 n h[ev] z int]f]+ ) _! own supremacy1 b z be+ 9 !mselves presumptu\s & anti-,*ri/ian4 8,pay no att5tion10 says ,pelagius1 8to ! p[] :i* he unlawfully usurps "u ! "n ( univ]sality4 ,let no patri>* ev] apply to himself s pr(ane a title4 ,y may =esee1 my de>e/ bre?r51 ! mis*iev\s consequ5ces f su* beg9n+s ( p]v]s5ess among ! prie/hood4 ,= he 7anti*ri/7 is ne>1 ( :om x is writt5 t he make? himself k+ ov] all ! sons ( pride40 #af;b 8,no "o ( my pr$ecessors10 says ,gregory ! successor ( ,pelagius1 8ev] ?\ght ( us+ s pr(ane an appellation2 = if "o ,patri>* assumes ! title ( univ]sal1 x is lo/ to all ! o!rs4 ,b f>1 v f> be x f ! m9d ( a ,*ri/ian1 to grasp at any ?+ by :i* he may appe> 9 any ! slighte/ measure to d]ogate f ! hon\r ( 8 bre?r540 #ag;a ,9 ano!r passage he ?us en]getically addresses 8 ov]be>+ fell[ patri>*2 8,:at wilt ?\ say to ,*ri/1 ! ,head ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*1 9 ! trial ( ! la/ judgm5t1 :o1 by ! appellation ( ,univ]sal1 do/ endeav\r to subject all 8 memb]s to ?yself8 ,:om1 ,i pray1 do/ ?\ mean to imitate 9 s p]v]se a ^w1 b ,him1 :o1 despis+ ! legions ( angels1 con/itut$ 9 fell[%ip ) ,him1 endeav\r$ to break =? unto ! height ( s+ul>ity1 t ,he might bo? be subject to none1 & alone be ov] all8 ,:o also said1 #8,i w asc5d into heav51 & w exalt my ?rone above ! />s4'--,= :at are ?y bre?r51 all ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*1 b ! />s ( heav51 to :om1 :ile by ?is haughty ^w ?\ desire/ to pref] ?yself1 & to trample on _! "n 9 comp>ison ) ?yself2 :at do/ ?\ say1 b ,i w climb into heav580 ,9 o!r places he br&s ! titles :i* ,john _h assum$1 z 8pomp\s10 8fooli%10 8pr\d10 8p]v]se10 8wick$10 & 8pr(ane30 z names ( 8s+ul>ity10 8elation10 8vanity10 & 8blasphemy40 ,he insi/s t !re 0 8"o sole ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 viz4 ,*ri/10 & sums up all ) ?is /rong prophetic d5unciation3 8,i may confid5tly decl>e1 t :5ev] any man /yles himself1 or desires to be /yl$1 univ]sal prie/1 su* a man1 by s exalt+ himself1 becomes =]unn] ( anti*ri/1 because by pride he sets himself above 8 bre?r540 #ag;b ,! attempts :i* h be5 made to reconcile ! indignant language ( ,pelagius & ,gregory1 ) ! usurp$ pr]ogatives ( _! successors1 by +5i\sly exagg]at+ ! pret5sions ( ! ,ea/]n ,patri>*1 are utt]ly ineffectual4 ,inde$1 if evid5ce 7 requir$ to prove t ! assumptions ( ! ,papacy 9 ! pres5t day are n inf]ior to ^? ( ! ,patri>* ( ! ,ea/1 we ne$ n g f>!r 9 que/ ( su* evid5ce ?an ! ,papal ,brief ( ,septemb] la/4 ,= we d n read t ,john ( ,con/ant9ople ev] v5tur$ ( 8 own w & pleasure to ext+ui% two anci5t ar*iepiscopal sees1 toge!r ) ! :ole diocesan ,episcopate ( bo? prov9ces4 ,we d n read t ,john ev] _h ! h>dihood to aboli% all ! ,con/itutions & ,canons1 h[ev] anci5t1 ( an indep5d5t ,national ,*ur*1 & to sub/itute = !m ! jus commune1 or common law ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,we d n read t ,john ev] presum$ to grant t]ritorial designations1 & titles ( hon\r1 to 8 own nom9ees1 contr>y to ! civil con/itution ( a p[]ful & indep5d5t k+dom1 )9 :i* ^? titles & dignities 7 to be assum$4 ,on ! contr>y1 we "k t ,john1 s f> f p]petrat+ aggressions on ! pr]ogatives ( =eign sov]eigns1 0 entirely subord9ate to ! civil p[] ( 8 own c\ntry1 & dep5d$ solely on ! fav\r & au?ority ( ! emp]or = ! support ( 8 assumptions4 ,& yet ,pius ! ,i,xth v5tures to d :at ,john ( ,con/ant9ople nev] ev5 attempt$2 & has %ut 8 eyes to ! fact t he has !reby expos$ himself to ! ana!mas ( 8 infallible pr$ecessors4 ,/rong language has be5 us$1 7on "s occasions too /rong17 by a ju/ly indignant p 9 reprobation ( 8 presumption2 b h[ev] /rong t language may be1 x has n z yet approa*$ ! acrimony ( ! expressions us$ by ,pelagius & ,gregory ! ,great on f> inf]ior provocation4 ,we h se5 t ,scripture & antiquity are utt]ly irreconcilable ) ! pret5sions ( ! ,papal *air4 ,we may n[ adduce ! moral "* ( ! ,pontiffs !mselves1 z a fair gr\nd ( presumption t !y h n ! privilege ( infallibility4 ,if inde$ we c\ld be satisfi$ f hi/ory t !y _h all1 or mo/ ( !m1 9 long succession1 be5 pi\s & holy & exempl>y m51 9 a degree beyond ! ord9>y /&>d ( ,*ri/ian excell5ce2 t !y _h be5 ri* 9 fai? & 9 good works2 t !y _h be5 exalt$ models ( dis9t]e/$ b5efic5ce1 ( real purity1 & almo/ ascetic mod]ation2 m5 ^: affections 7 fix$ unque/ionably ^u ! glory & felicity ( ! heav5ly /ate1 to ! exclusion ( all conc]n = m]e e>?ly int]e/s1 & ! little vanities ( secul> ambition3--we might h be5 dispos$ to scrut9ize ) less di/ru/ ! claims ( su* truly virtu\s & e/imable ,*ri/ian pa/ors4 ,b s9ce ! ,papal "* has be5 ackn[l$g$ ev5 by ! able/ advocates ( ! ,papacy1 to h be5 9 g5]al ! v opposite ( :at we h be5 describ+1 we h a /rong presumptive argum5t t su* m5 7 n infallible4 #ai ,o!r /rong objections to ,pontifical infallibility arise f ! want ( any c]ta9 rule = det]m9+ ! validity ( elections to ! pop$om1 & = issu+ ! infallible decrees4 ,be=e ^! decrees c be infallibly reli$ ^u1 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s mu/ be infallibly asc]ta9$3 :o are ! p]sons div9ely entitl$ to give a vote 9 ! *oice ( a ,pontiff8 & h[ d ^? p]sons e/abli% _! ,div9e title8 ,:at proportion ( ! vot]s are requir$ by ,div9e au?ority to be pres5t1 & :at majority ( numb]s mu/ decide8 ,h[ f> %all simony1 or fraud1 or =ce1 vitiate ! election8 ,9 case ( two elections1 h[ %all we infallibly di/+ui% betwe5 ! claims ( rival ,pontiffs8 betwe5 ! real ,pope1 :om1 "u ! p5alty ( condemnation1 we are b\nd to obey1 & ! anti-pope1 :om1 "u ! same high p5alty1 we mu/ abjure8 ,:5 s*isms r5d ! ,*ur* 7& n less ?an tw5ty-six h r5t ! ,*ur* ( ,rome71 h[ %all we disc]n ! true communion f ! s*ismatical8 ,& s9ce ! ,pope is suppos$ infallible only 9 8 (ficial1 n 9 8 p]sonal capacity1 h[ %all we decide infallibly :5 he speaks z an ord9>y individual1 & :5 z ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]8 9 o!r words1 :at solemnities exactly are requisite to be obs]v$1 = con/itut+ a judgm5t ex ca!dr f ! ,apo/olic *air8 :at c\ncillors mu/ be summon$8 :at mode ( promulgation mu/ be adopt$8 #bj;a ,su* are "s ( ! que/ions :i* e c&id ,romani/ mu/ be desir\s to he> def9itely answ]$1 & :i* consequ5tly mu/ pres5t !mselves ) mu* great] =ce to e ,prote/ant m9d4 ,:5 a privilege s important z infallibility is und]/ood to be grant$1 all ! circum/ances necess>y = our direction 9 receiv+ & submitt+ to x1 require to be di/9ctly & indisputably reveal$ to u4 ,unless ^! circum/ances are fix$ by ! same au?ority t is suppos$ to make ! grant1 namely1 by ,*ri/ ,himself1 we are z f> remov$ f infallibility z ev]2 & 9 decid+ ^! ess5tial & fundam5tal p>ticul>s1 we are left to m]e argum5t & conjecture4 #bj;b ,to disprove ,papal infallibility mu* m w sc>cely be expect$ by our read]s2 b we w add "o conclud+ obs]vation on ! errone\sness & inconsi/5cy ( ! suppos$ infallible decrees4 ,if ,popes really 7 infallible1 _! doctr9e w\ld nev] v>y1 b w\ld rema91 f age to age1 unalt]ably ! same3 ! judgm5t ( "o ,pope w\ld nev] diff]1 on ! same subjects1 f ! judgm5t ( ano!r2 & lea/ ( all w\ld x be cr$ible t any ,pope %\ld be convict$ ( h]esy4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 f unque/ionable docum5ts ( hi/ory t ?is 0 n ! case4 ,two ,popes 9 ! second c5tury 7,eleu!rius & ,victor7 7 enc\rag]s ( ! h]etical fanaticism ( ,montanus4 #ba;a ,ano!r ,pope 7,/eph57 ( ! ?ird c5tury 0 h]etical on ! subject ( baptism3 #ba;b ,pope ,lib]ius condemn$ ,a?anasius1 & subscrib$ 8 "n to ! semi-,arian h]esy3 ,pope ,honorius 0 by a g5]al c\ncil condemn$ z a ,mono!lite4 #ba;c ,& 7n to multiply p>ticul> examples7 we may rem>k1 once = all1 t a long l9e ( ,popes promulgat$1 ex ca!dr1 a doctr9e :i*1 9 ! pres5t age1 is ab&on$ by ,rome itself1 & is reject$ univ]sally z impi\s & extravagant2 ! doctr9e1 namely1 t ! ,roman ,see is ve/$ ) ! ,div9e "r ( temporal jurisdiction ov] all ! k+doms ( ! e>?2 & t ! ,pontiff1 z ,vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & delegate ( ,him :o is ,k+ ( k+s & ,"l ( lords1 may call civil magi/rates to acc\nt1 & may depose k+s & emp]ors1 on ! *>ge ( h]etical depravity4 #ba;d ,to ^! v>i\s objections aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ,pontifical infallibility1 our def5d] ( ! ,roman ,fai? replies by a ready ackn[l$gm5t t ! great majority ( ,romani/s !mselves are ( our op9ion3 t mu* abl] argum5ts h be5 urg$ by !m ?an by ,prote/ants aga9/ ?is pret5sion ( ! ,pope3 #bb;a t by !m infallibility is ascrib$ n to ! ,roman ,pontiff1 :o 8is liable to err1 & :o frequ5tly has err$20 b to a g5]al ,c\ncil1 repres5t+ ! :ole ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 & comb9+ all its collective wisdom4 ,on our inquiry by :at ,scriptural evid5ce infallibility is prov$ to lodge 9 a repres5tative assembly ?us con/itut$1 we are desir$ to read ! foll[+ texts3-- 8,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build my ,*ur*1 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x40 #bb;b 8,if he neglect to he> ! ,*ur*1 let him be unto !e z an hea!n man & a publican40 #bb;c 8,lo1 ,i am ) y alway1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w40 #bb;d 8,i w pray ! ,fa!r2 & he %all give y ano!r ,com=t]1 t he may abide ) y = ev]1 ev5 ! ,_s ( tru?40 #bb;e 8,= x seem$ good to ! ,holy ,gho/ & to u1 to lay ^u y no great] burd5 ?an ^! necess>y ?+s40 #bb;f 8,^! ?+s write ,i unto !e2 t ?\ maye/ "k h[ ?\ oughte/ to behave ?yself 9 ! h\se ( ,god1 :i* is ! ,*ur* ( ! liv+ ,god1 ! pill> & gr\nd ( ! tru?40 #bb;g ,our endeav\rs to extract out ( ^! texts infallibility = ! ,romi% ,*ur* are z mu* 9 va9 z 9 ! prec$+ inquiry = support+ ! ,papal claims4 ,a g5]al c\ncil seems to h z little w>rant f ,holy ,scripture to assure u t x is infallible1 z ! ,roman ,pontiff himself4 ,! fir/ quotation ref]s to ! p]petual cont9uance ( ! ,*ri/ian society4 ,*ri/ assures u t1 to ! end ( "t1 ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ 8 ,univ]sal ,*ur*2 or1 9 o!r words1 t a community call$ by 8 "n1 & reta9+ ! ess5tials ( ,*ri/ianity1 w nev] cease to be4 ,b ?is consolatory promise gives u no security t any "o p>ticul> ,*ur*1 or any meet+ ( ,*ur* (fic]s1 %all be infallible4 ,on ?is subject we _c =be> transcrib+ ! judici\s comm5t ( a le>n$ ,romani/1 ,to/atus ( ,avila1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury3 8,! univ]sal or ,ca?olic ,*ur* nev] errs1 because x nev] errs 9 all its bran*es4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome 7ecclesia lat9orum7 is n ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 b only a c]ta9 bran* ( x2 &1 !re=e1 al?\gh ! :ole ( t bran* %\ld h err$1 ! :ole ,*ur* c\ld n be said to err4 ,because ! g5u9e ,ca?olic ,*ur* rema9s 9 ! un]r+ bran*es1 :e!r !y be m or few] ?an ! bran*es :i* err40 #bc ,aga91 ! injunction ( our ,"l to 8tell ! ,*ur*10 if tak5 ap>t f1 & n 9 connexion ) ! prec$+ context1 might seem to h "s di/ant be>+ ^u ?is "q4 ,b on exam9+ ! :ole passage1 we p]ceive t our ,savi\r makes allusion to secul>1 n to spiritual conc]ns2 & is speak+ only ( private diff]5ces among 8 foll[]s4 8,if ?y bro!r %all trespass aga9/ !e1 g & tell him 8 fault betwe5 !e & him alone40 ,?ree successive /eps are next recomm5d$ = effect+ an accommodation3 fir/ a private int]view2 !n ! influ5ce ( mutual fri5ds2 & la/ly1 ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* to :i* ! p>ties belong4 ,! contumaci\s wrong-do] :o c\ld n by ^! me?ods be br\ght to reason1 0 no long] to be reg>d$ z a ,*ri/ian bro!r1 b z a hea!n4 ,he 0 liable to excommunication1 or expulsion f ! society2 & rep>ation ( ! injury committ$ might n[ be s\ght = 9 a c\rt ( law4 ,we d n f9d 9 ^! directions ! remote/ allusion to infallibility4 ,! enc\rag+ promise2 8,lo1 ,i am ) y alway1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w10 is n a grant ( infallibility1 b a promise ( assi/ance1 protection1 & consolation2 & 0 indisp5sably requir$1 :5 our ,"l delegat$ to 8 ,apo/les ! p]il\s lab\r ( propagat+ ! ,gospel 9 opposition to all ! rul]s ( ?is _w1 s5d+ !m =? 8z %eep among wolves40 #bd;a ,8 promise t ! 8,_s ( tru?0 %\ld 8guide !m into all tru?10 relates entirely to ! extraord9>y gifts ) :i* !y 7 end[$1 & is imm$iately connect$ ) ano!r promise1 confess$ly peculi> to ! ,apo/olic age4 8,he0 7! ,holy ,gho/7 8%all %[ y ?+s to come40 ,! words1 8,x seem$ good to ! ,holy ,gho/ & to u10 9 ! decree ( ! fir/ c\ncil at ,j]usalem1 h left no prec$5t = o!r c\ncils to use ! same language2 unless on sep>ate evid5ce x c be %[n t ^? c\ncils h ! same au?ority ( inspiration4 ,! position !re=e1 t g5]al c\ncils1 z repres5t+ ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 are infallible1 lab\rs "u a total want ( ,scripture ,evid5ce4 ,!re is n a s+le precept giv5 = assembl+ !m2 n "o solit>y rule = det]m9+ _! proce$+s4 ,z ! le>n$ ,alb]t ,pighius1 an advocate ( pontifical infallibility1 v ju/ly argues3 8,!re is n a ^w ab\t g5]al c\ncils 9 ! canonical books ( ,scripture2 nor did ! primitive ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ receive by ,apo/olical in/itution any special direction respect+ !m40 #bd;b ,?is able writ] repres5ts ! practice ( summon+ a g5]al c\ncil 9 cases ( ecclesia/ical em]g5cy1 to be an exp$i5t pi\sly introduc$ by ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e = ! purpose ( compos+ ! diss5sions ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b ! same au?or ins9uates a *>ge ( great ignorance aga9/ ! ,emp]or & 8 c\ncil1 :o 9 adopt+ ?is c\rse1 appe>$ n to "k t ! privilege ( infallibility belong$ to ! ,papal *air1 & t ,rome 0 ! prop] ,delphos :]e he might receive ! infallible oracles4 ,?is imp]ial ignorance is a rem>kable admission by ! advocate ( ! ,papacy 9 8 zeal aga9/ g5]al c\ncils4 ,he succe$s 9 demoli%+ ! latt]2 b ackn[l$ges at ! same "t a fact :i* is fatal to ! =m]4 ,= if ,con/ant9e & ! ,bi%ops ( 8 c\rt 7 ignorant ( ! papal pret5sions1 x mu/ be obvi\s t su* pret5sions ei!r c\ld n h be5 put =? at all1 or c\ld n at t "t h be5 g5]ally recogniz$4 ,b if ! ,scripture1 in/ead ( be+ totally sil5t on ! subject1 _h pla9ly & categorically decl>$1 t g5]al c\ncils are infallible1 we %\ld only be involv$ 9 fre% p]plexities3 = ! "q w\ld imm$iately arise1 :at is a g5]al c\ncil8 ,h[ d we "k a spuri\s f a g5u9e c\ncil8 ,c\ncils h be5 assembl$ by opposite p>ties on purpose to give opposite decrees2 & h[ %all we di/+ui% ! fallible & h]etical1 f ! or?odox & infallible assembly8 ,?is vital "q _c be det]m9$ by ! numb]s pres5t1 or ! portion ( ! ,*ri/ian _w repres5t$ by !m4 ,! or?odox ,a?anasius 0 condemn$ successively by c\ncils repres5t+ ! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,v>i\s c\ncils condemn$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,rome = h]esy1 7 z num]\sly & respectably att5d$1 z m or?odox conv5tions4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,milan consi/$ ( #cjj ,bi%ops4 ,at ,arim9um n less ?an #djj ,bi%ops 7 assembl$4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus includ$ #aj ,metropolitans & #acj ,bi%ops4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople includ$ #cch ,bi%ops4 ,& :5 ! rival ,c\ncils ( ,s>dica & ,philippopolis fulm9at$ mutual ana!mas1 ! latt]1 :i* 0 h]etical1 consi/$ ( #id ,bi%ops1 :ile _! or?odox oppon5ts am\nt$ only to #gf4 ,z mo/ ( ^! c\ncils 7 conv5$ by imp]ial au?ority2 repres5t$ l>ge portions ( ,*ri/5dom2 & includ$ m5 ( ! greate/ le>n+ & ability1 !re seems no?+ to di/+ui% !m f o!r synods1 :i* are ackn[l$g$ to be g5]al & infallible--no?+1 if we except ! sanction ( ! ,roman ,pontiff4 ,"h we are in=m$ by our p]t9aci\s disputant1 t ! papal sanction is commonly reg>d$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 z ! ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 a m]e prov9cial synod1 & a g5]al c\ncil2 t ! decrees ( an alleg$ g5]al c\ncil1 n ratifi$ by ! ,pope1 are n infallible2 :ile ! decrees ( any c\ncil1 aft] t ratification1 mu/ be look$ ^u z infallibly det]m9$4 ,b our +5uity mu/ aga9 be ex]cis$ 9 f9d+ our way ?r\gh ?is labyr9?3 =1 fir/ ( all1 no ,scriptural reason c be f\nd1 or is ev5 pret5d$1 = ! limitation ( infallibility to c\ncils ( ! description m5tion$4 ,! au?ority1 !re=e1 exi/s only 9 ! well-/or$ imag9ation ( our ,romi% fri5d4 #bf ,& 9 addition1 we are p]plex$ to asc]ta9 h[ two au?orities1 sep>ately fallible1 %\ld become infallible by _! conjunction4 ,! c\ncil is fallible4 ,! ,pope is fallible4 ,b unite ^! two fallibles1 & y give !m infallibility4 ,if x be ask$1 ,is ! c\ncil liable to err :i* passes ! decree8--,c]ta9ly1 is ! answ]3 = o!rwise ! c\ncil w\ld1 )\t ! ,pope1 be all-suffici5t4 ,if x be fur!r dem&$1 ,is ! ,pope1 also liable to err :o confirms ! decree8--,c]ta9ly1 is aga9 ! answ]3 = he w\ld o!rwise be all-suffici5t )\t ! c\ncil4 ,?is is a /range dilemma3 we mu/ believe ! decree to be infallibly det]m9$1 & yet mu/ nei!r ascribe infallibility to ! c\ncil :i* passes x1 nor to ! ,pope :o confirms x4 ,ano!r consid]ation is ! unc]ta9ty & arbitr>9ess ( ?is papal act ( confirmation4 ,! ,prote/ant mu/ n take = grant$ t ! eighte5 ,c\ncils1 ackn[l$g$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,rome to be g5]al1 h ! seal ( ,/4 ,pet] affix$ to all _! canons & decrees4 ,9 "s cases a g5]al c\ncil is p>tly confirm$ & p>tly reject$ 7p>tim confirmatum1 p>tim reprobatum72 #bg;a 9 "s cases nei!r confirm$ nor reject$ 7neque approbatum neque reprobatum73 9 "s x is pron\nc$ unc]ta9 :e!r ! decrees are confirm$ or reject$2 & 9 o!rs !y are confirm$ by "o ,pope1 & reject$ by ano!r4 ,sometimes ! g5]al c\ncil did n proce$ ) due =m 7concili>it]71 or did n proce$ ) due delib]ation 7re dilig5t] exam9at72 sometimes ! que/ions to be det]m9$ 7 n /at$ ) suffici5t cle>ness 7satis ap]t71 & sometimes !re is a want ( evid5ce :e!r ! c\ncil 0 g5]al or prov9cial4 8,all ?is10 exclaims ,bi%op ,taylor1 8is ! greate/ folly & mo/ prodigi\s vanity40 #bg;b ,aga91 we might obs]ve1 t if infallibility be grant$ to ! ,*ur* ?r\gh its repres5tatives 9 a g5]al c\ncil1 ! privilege has be5 = _m c5turies 9 abeyance1 & 7consid]+ ! aspect ( ,*ri/5dom7 is nev] likely to be r5ew$4 ,& fur!r1 ) respect to ! reception ( ^! infallible decrees by prov9cial ,*ur*es1 we might br+ =w>d ! d\bts :i* h prevail$ among ,romani/s1 :e!r ! decrees are b9d+ imm$iately on be+ pass$1 or only aft] !y h be5 receiv$4 #bg;c ,next ) ref]5ce to ! doctr9es :i* !y inculcate1 ^! are (t5 griev\sly contradictory to reason & ,scripture4 ,transub/antiation1 = example1 is contr>y to reason4 ,if !re=e we believe ! infallibility ( g5]al c\ncils on gr\nds ( reason1 ! reasons aga9/ transub/antiation mu/ be fairly balanc$ 9 our m9ds ) ! reasons 9 fav\r ( infallibility4 ,& z examples ( contradiction to ,scripture1 we might in/ance ! adoration ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ! wor%ipp+ ( images & relics1 ! invocation ( sa9ts & angels1 purgatory1 & ! sacrifice ( ! mass4 ,we might !n g on to %[ t if ! infallibility ( g5]al c\ncils be ,scripturally ma9ta9$1 ! texts adduc$ 9 support ( infallibility are to be weigh$ aga9/ ! num]\s & explicit texts :i* oppose ^! corrupt doctr9es & idolatr\s practices4 ,la/ly1 we might cont5d t1 9 ! primitive ages1 :5 c\ncils 7 cont9ually assembl$1 nei!r ^? c\ncils !mselves1 nor any "o writ] :o def5d$ _! decrees1 ev] spoke ( !m z infallible4 ,we ne$ sc>cely add t c\ncils c\ld n be infallible )\t kn[+ x2 nor w\ld he> _! infallible decrees disput$ )\t ass]t+ _! infallibility4 #c4 ,hav+ n[ va9ly endeav\r$ to procure conclusive & satisfactory in=mation on two ( ! ess5tial po9ts indisp5sable = our conv]sion to ,romanism2 namely1 fir/1 by :at organ ! infallible oracles are deliv]$1 &1 secondly1 by :at evid5ce ! claim to infallibility is e/abli%$2 we proce$ to ! ?ird & la/ topic ( inve/igation1 & inquire on :at security we c rely1 t we %all n misund]/& ! doctr9e prop\nd$ to our belief8 ,we h already se5 t ! ,romani/ is unable to decide ) c]ta9ty 9 :at p]son or p]sons infallibility resides2 & t he _c prove ! p]son or ! p]sons = :om he claims x1 namely1 a ,pope or ,c\ncil1 jo9tly or sev]ally1 to be infallible4 ,let u next consid]1 9 conclusion1 7& ! consid]ation ne$ n occupy u long17 :e!r he is m successful 9 e/abli%+ ! ?ird p>ticul>1 :i* we began by lay+ d[n z necess>y to ! tranquillization ( our m9ds2 :e!r1 9 %ort1 x c be prov$ to u inconte/ably1 t we %all compreh5d ) cle>ness & practical c]ta9ty ! bulls & canons promulgat$ = our guidance to ! tru?4 ,security on ?is po9t is obvi\sly indisp5sable4 ,! inspir$ volume is all[$ by all ,*ri/ians to conta9 un]r+ rules ( fai? & practice4 ,b our err+ reason1 we are told1 is liable to misconceive !m4 ,h5ce ! suppos$ necessity = ano!r guide4 ,b ! v same liability to error :i* exposes u to mi/ake 9 int]pret+ ! ,scriptures1 exposes u to mi/ake also 9 int]pret+ ! bulls ( a ,pope1 or ! canons ( a g5]al c\ncil4 ,god ,himself inspir$ 8 *os5 s]vants to write ! ,scriptures 8= our le>n+40 ,god nev]!less is misund]/ood4 ,nei!r ,pope nor ,c\ncil1 !re=e1 is secure f be+ s4 ,_! decisions1 jo9tly or sep>ately1 may be mis9t]pret$ ?r\gh our weakness ( appreh5sion4 ,we consequ5tly ne$ a new int]pret] = exp\nd+ _! int]pretation4 ,b ! expositions ( ?is new int]pret] may1 l ^? ( 8 un]r+ pr$ecessors1 be errone\sly und]/ood2 & ?us we %\ld require an inf9ite s]ies ( infallible guides1 & at ! end ( ?is elaborate process we %\ld n be ne>] to infallibility ?an we f\nd ourselves at ! beg9n+4 #bi;a ,accord+ly1 we read1 )\t surprise1 t !re are disputes among ,romani/s 9 reg>d to ! "r con/ruction ( _! infallible decrees & canons2 disputes z con/ant & z vehem5t z ^? unhappily subsi/+ among ,prote/ants1 9 reg>d to ! mean+ ( our inspir$ ,scriptures4 #bi;b ,9 ! celebrat$ ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 ! la/1 & by ! ,romani/s reg>d$ z ! greate/ ev] held1 _m po9ts ( doctr9e :i* _h call$ =? ! mo/ viol5t & argum5tative disputation 7 purposely express$ ) ambiguity 9 ! canons1 t ! cons5t ( all p>ties might be obta9$4 ,ev5 on t all-important article ( fai?1 respect+ ! prop] object ( religi\s adoration1 ! ,trid5t9e ,fa!rs 7 satisfi$ ) a vague decl>ation1 t 8due wor%ip %\ld be giv5 to images10 )\t in=m+ ! consci5ti\s wor%ipp]1 79 a /rait betwixt ! dang] ( pr(an5ess on "o h& & ( idolatry on ! o!r17 :at k9d ( wor%ip t d\btful phrase 0 int5d$ to imply4 #bi;c ,x may be also notic$ t !re are sev]al controv]t$ po9ts 9 religion1 7! v po9ts1 9 fact1 mo/ frequ5tly conte/$ among ,prote/ants17 on :i* no un]r+ oracle has yet pron\nc$ a decision1 & on :i* v>iations ( op9ion may be discov]$ 9 ! papal ,*ur* analog\s to ^? prevail+ ?r\gh\t ,prote/ant communions4 ,i allude to ! num]\s que/ions connect$ ) election1 =ekn[l$ge1 pr$e/9ation1 grace1 free-w1 & ! p]sev]ance ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,nor w ! =ce ( our objections be evad$ by ! reply t actual con=mity ( fai? to ! decisions ( ,popes & ,c\ncils is n requir$2 t int5tional con=mity w suffice2 & t e man1 :atev] be 8 errors & misconceptions1 is capable ( salvation :o is will+ & incl9$ to believe z ! ,*ur* believes4 ,= if ! ,romani/ is will+ to believe z 8 ,*ur* believes1 ! ,prote/ant is will+ to believe z ! ,apo/les & ,evangeli/s believ$4 ,if !n ?is will+ness w suffice = ! ,romani/1 :y %\ld x n be suffici5t = ! ,prote/ant8 ,if ! "o1 :5 he falls into error1 is held excus$ by int5tional con=mity to ! ,romi% cre$1 :y %\ld n int5tional con=mity to ! cre$ ( ! ,apo/les & ,evangeli/s excuse ! errors ( ! o!r8 ,let ?is be grant$1 & bo? p>ties are equally safe1 equally infallible4 #cj ,?us we f9d t 9 all respects ! ,romi% sy/em fails to af=d ! religi\s com=t & security we are endeav\r+ to acquire4 ,our ,romani/ advis] has promis$ :at he proves himself incompet5t to p]=m4 ,he has held out to u ! enjoym5t ( an infallible assurance t we h atta9$ to s\nd doctr9e1 if we w only pr(it by ! un]r+ oracles ( 8 ,*ur*2 b he _c po9t ) c]ta9ty to ! prop] organ ( infallibility1 nor e/abli% on cr$ible evid5ce ! claim ( t organ to be infallible2 nor give any positive security t we %all und]/& infallibly ! oracul> tru?s propos$ to our ass5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 we h se5 abundant reasons = be+ morally c]ta91 t ! incapability ( error :i* he speaks ( has no exi/5ce4 ,we h n[ suffici5tly consid]$ all ! topics propos$ = discussion at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is essay2 b be=e conclud+ we mu/ adv]t to "o fur!r po9t1 too important to be ov]look$1 :i* c\ld n be=e be conv5i5tly introduc$1 viz41 ! newly-devis$ ,!ory ( ,developm5t4 ,we reque/ our ,romi% c\nsellor to in=m u1 :e!r 9 8 judgm5t ! doctr9es ( mod]n ,rome h ! sanction ( primitive antiquity1 & c be prov$ by ! writ+s ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs8 ,he replies1 t up to a v rec5t p]iod he w\ld at once h answ]$ 9 ! affirmative2 b t he is n[ oblig$ to hesitate4 8,f "t immemorial10 he says1 8! doctors ( our ,*ur* unanim\sly insi/$1 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t infallibly decl>$1 t e article ( our ,cre$ 0 sanction$ by ! concurr5t te/imony ( ! ,fa!rs1 z _m z 7 ( ! true ,*ur* ( ,*ri/40 8,b10 he proce$s1 8)9 ! la/ few ye>s a p>ty has aris5 among u :o take a diff]5t view4 ,treatises h be5 widely circulat$ & fav\rably receiv$1 9 :i* x is ma9ta9$1 t ! position ( :i* we always boa/$ z our /ronghold is1 aft] all1 unt5able2 t antiquity mu/ be ab&on$2 t1 9 primitive times1 our pres5t doctr9es 7 absolutely unkn[n or imp]fectly discov]$2 t ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! days ( ! ,apo/les & = sev]al c5turies aft]w>ds1 0 m]ely 9 an embryo1 rudim5tal /ate2 t x has s9ce be5 infallibly develop$2 t ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 & ,/4 ,a?anasius1 7 only p>tially acqua9t$ ) _m tru?s :i* h s9ce be5 canonically evolv$ & expla9$2 & t1 consequ5tly1 ! sanction ( antiquity to any doctr9e ( mod]n ,rome may be z easily disp5s$ ) z ! au?ority ( ,holy ,scripture40 ,z an example ( developm5t1 our ,romi% guide ref]s to ! immaculate conception ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9--8a doctr9e10 he obs]ves1 89 primitive times utt]ly unhe>d (2 9 ! middle ages vehem5tly oppos$2 9 lat] times gradually matur$2 & n[ at la/1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 fully & pontifically e/abli%$ "u p5alty ( ev]la/+ condemnation40 ,?is inability ( ! ,romani/ to det]m9e :e!r ,romanism is or is n support$ by antiquity1 & :e!r x is a new or an old religion1 may be reg>d$ z a climax to ! difficulties & p]plexities 9 :i*1 z we h already se51 8 :ole sy/em is involv$4 #cb;a ,besides ! ,romani/ !re are _m o!r c\nsellors :o1 ) und\bt+ confid5ce1 (f] to relieve our m9ds f all anxiety z to ! s\ndness ( our belief4 ,among ^! p>ties ,i may n[ p>ticul>ly m5tion ! ,sceptic & ! ,my/ic2 because _! sy/ems1 & t ( ! ,romani/1 h[ev] opposite 9 o!r respects1 h "o ess5tial po9t ( agreem5t4 ,!y all h a decid$ t5d5cy to sup]s$e our own ex]tions = ! discov]y ( religi\s tru?--! ,sceptic by affirm+ t religi\s tru? is unimportant2 ! ,my/ic by alleg+ t religi\s tru? is passively receiv$ by ! m9d f div9e illum9ation2 & ! ,romani/ by inculcat+ an unconditional acquiesc5ce 9 ! dictates ( infallible au?ority4 #cb;b ,?is rem>kable co9cid5ce sugge/s to u1 t 9 respect to our employm5t ( means & opportunities1 ! way ( tru? is ! v opposite to ! way ( error2 t ! "r pa? to sav+ k does n consi/ 9 ! disuse1 b 9 ! /r5u\s ex]tion ( our intellectual & moral faculties2 t ! incl9ation to improve our advantages = atta9+ spiritual in=mation is design$ to try our moral "*2 & t we h a full security f deadly h]esy 9 ! co-op]ation ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 & ( ,div9e grace ) our own s9c]e endeav\rs aft] tru?4 ,?is pr9ciple1 :i* p]vades ! :ole ( ,scripture1 #cc is n to be conf\nd$ ) ! fallacies above adv]t$ to4 ,we d n call x infallibility1 because we readily admit t rectitude ( op9ion may exi/1 9 v>i\s degrees1 among p]sons1 all ( :om are 9 ! pa? ( salvation4 ,x diff]s f infallibility z ma9ta9$ by ,romani/s1 because we d n consid] any individual1 nor any numb] ( individuals1 to be incapable ( error4 ,x diff]s f ! infallibility ( ! en?usia/1 because we lay no claim to exemption f mi/ake3 we insi/ only t1 us+ fai?fully ! means at our disposal1 we %all escape unp>donable h]esy4 ,x diff]s1 ?irdly1 f ! infallibility ( ! sceptic1 because he conceives all doctr9es equally excell5t1 provid$ _! op]ation 9 society adapts itself to 8 conf9$ notions ( moral duty4 ,:]eas our me?od implies t "o doctr9e diff]s mat]ially1 z to tru? & excell5ce f ano!r1 & t we are !re=e b\nd to select ! be/4 ,to make ?is selection ( :at is be/1 mu/ be ! p>am\nt desire ( e rightly-dispos$ m9d3 & x n[ only rema9s = u1 be=e conclud+ ?is essay1 to give "s rules1 z briefly z we c1 = det]m9+ our *oice4 ,error & misconception on ?is subject are s lam5tably common1 t ev5 our few imp]fect sugge/ions may n be useless nor unacceptable4 ,we %all only premise t ! spiritual ex]cises :i* we recomm5d are arrang$ 9 ! ord] "h giv5 !m1 ) a view to conv5i5ce & cle>ness2 & n f an impression t any ( our read]s c h occasion to beg9 f ! comm5cem5t ( ! s]ies4 #a4 ,our fir/ rule is3 to employ all ! /r5g? ( our faculties 9 ! /udy & inve/igation ( natural religion3 till we become impress$ s9c]ely & practically ) our awful responsibility1 z reasonable be+s1 to our ,creator1 ,b5efactor1 & ,judge et]nal4 #b4 ,to e/abli% cle>ly 9 our m9ds ! evid5ces & pr9ciples ( ,revelation2 & to asc]ta91 by dilig5t inquiry1 t ! ,scriptures 8giv5 = our le>n+10 are 8giv5 by inspiration ( ,god2 & are pr(itable = doctr9e1 = repro(1 = correction1 & in/ruction 9 righte\sness40 #cd;a #c4 ,to acquire a p]suasion 7accord+ to ! pr9ciple ass]t$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 ma9ta9$ by all antiquity1 & reviv$ at ! ,re=mation17 t ! pages ( ,revelation are n 8a seal$ book0 to u2 b t we are b\nd to 8se>* ! ,scriptures10 #cd;b to 8prove all ?+s10 #cd;c & 8to be ready always to give an answ] to e man t aske? u a reason ( ! hope t is 9 u40 #cd;d #d4 ,to satisfy ourselves t1 on po9ts ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 our only real /&>d ( fai? is ! ,bible2 & t tradition 7h[ev] useful z its int]pret] & gu>dian7 is n1 z ,romani/s cont5d1 a co-ord9ate au?ority ) ! sacr$ text4 #cd;e #e4 ,to use 9 our int]pretation ( ! inspir$ volume all ! helps )9 our rea*2 :e!r spiritual or temporal2 :e!r d]ivable f ! liv+ or f ! dead4 ,among ^! helps1 ! mo/ important & indisp5sable are pray] & a holy life4 ,) respect to pray]1 ! promises 9 ,holy ,scripture1 t guidance to ! tru? %all be giv5 to him t asks x1 are1 z we h se51 num]\s & indisputable4 #cd;f ,& z reg>ds a holy life1 or ! lab\rs ( ! humble & dilig5t individual1 :o1 f desire to d ! w ( ,god1 consci5ti\sly ex]ts himself to "k x1 our ,"l ,himself expressly decl>es1 8,if any man w d 7 1 or is desir\s to d7 8 w1 he %all "k ( ! doctr9e1 :e!r x be ( ,god40 #cd;g ,to ^! helps may be add$ o!rs equally obvi\s1 s f> z !y are consi/5t ) ! opportunities1 /ation1 or pr(ession ( ! individual--su* z famili>ity ) ,scripture 9 ! orig9al1 k ( hi/ory1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! mann]s1 laws1 cu/oms1 & op9ions ( antiquity1 ,jewi% z well z ,*ri/ian2 jo9$ to acqua9tance ) s\nd pr9ciples ( ,biblical int]pretation1 criticism1 & translation4 ,b a po9t :i* m p>ticul>ly seems1 "u ?is rule1 to require illu/ration1 is ! degree ( value at :i* ! consci5ti\s inquir] aft] s\nd religi\s k ought to e/imate ecclesia/ical antiquity4 ,_m pi\s individuals 79 _! well-meant zeal aga9/ ,romi% errors7 h ?\ght !mselves oblig$ to disc>d ecclesia/ical antiquity1 "u a p]suasion t by atta*+ any value to anci5t writ]s1 !y w\ld violate ! great ,prote/ant axiom ( re/+ on ! sole au?ority ( ,god's writt5 ^w4 ,b x %\ld be consid]$1 t to use ecclesia/ical antiquity = int]pret+ ! ^w ( ,god1 no m violates ?is axiom ?an to use any ( ! o!r univ]sally admitt$ aids to int]pretation already m5tion$4 ,:atev] means ! ,div9e promulgator ( ,revelation has giv5 to 8 ,*ur* = asc]ta9+ ! tru?s reveal$1 ought dilig5tly & consci5ti\sly to be improv$4 ,among ^? means1 ! place ( highe/ au?ority belongs unque/ionably to ! ?ree primitive =mul>ies ( belief1 ! ,apo/les'1 ! ,nic5e1 & ! ,a?anasian ,cre$s2 & to ! ,canons ( ! fir/ f\r g5]al c\ncils1 :i* receiv$ ! sanction ( univ]sal ,*ri/5dom3 & 9 :i* to 8 entire satisfaction ! consci5ti\s inquir] w f9d ! lead+ tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity embodi$4 ,! same rem>k applies to ! ,episcopal con/itution ( ! ,*ur*2 = 8x is evid5t unto all m5 dilig5tly read+ ! ,holy ,scriptures & anci5t au?ors1 t f ! ,apo/les !re h be5 ^! ord]s ( m9i/]s 9 ,*ri/'s ,*ur*1 ,bi%ops1 ,prie/s1 & ,deacons40 #ce ,b we _c bett] expla9 h[ f> anci5t lit]ature is to be r5d]$ available to sacr$ purposes1 ?an by a transcription ( a canon set =? by ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 9 ! same ye> ) its articles4 8,prea*]s %all n presume to deliv] any ?+ f ! pulpit z ( mom5t1 to be religi\sly obs]v$ & believ$ by ! p1 b t :i* is agreeable to ! doctr9e ( ! ,old or ,new ,te/am5t1 & collect$ out ( ! same doctr9e by ! ,ca?olic ,fa!rs & ! ,bi%ops ( ! anci5t ,*ur*40 #cf;a 8,a wise regulation10 obs]ves ! judici\s & able ,dr4 ,wat]l&1 8=m$ ) exquisite judgm5t1 & word$ ) ! exacte/ caution4 ,! canon does n ord] t !y %all tea* :atev] _h be5 taught by ! ,fa!rs3 no2 t w\ld h be5 sett+ up a new rule ( fai?2 nei!r does x say t !y %all tea* :atsoev] ! ,fa!rs _h collect$ f ,scripture3 no2 t w\ld h be5 mak+ !m infallible int]pret]s1 or infallible reason]s3 ! doctr9e mu/ be f\nd fir/ 9 ,scripture1 only to be ! m secure t we h f\nd x !re3 ! ,fa!rs are to be call$ 91 to be1 z x 71 con/ant *ecks ^u ! presumption or wantonness ( private int]pretation4 ,b !n aga91 z to private int]pretation1 !re is lib]ty en\gh all[$ to x4 ,prea*]s are n =bidd5 to int]pret ?is or t text1 or hundr$s ( texts1 diff]5tly f :at ! ,fa!rs h done2 provid$ /ill !y keep )9 ! analogy ( fai?1 & presume n to raise any new doctr9e3 nei!r are !y altoge!r re/ra9$ f tea*+ any ?+ new1 provid$ x be (f]$ z op9ion only1 or z an inf]ior tru?1 & n press$ z necess>y ^u ! p4 ,= x 0 ?\ght t !re c\ld be no necess>y article ( fai? or doctr9e n[ drawn f ,scripture1 b :at ! anci5ts _h drawn out be=e f ! same ,scripture3 to say o!rwise w\ld imply t ! anci5ts _h fail$ univ]sally 9 necess>ies1 :i* is morally absurd40 #cf;b ,! canon ?us expla9$ may be ?\ght appropriate to prea*]s & m9i/]s alone1 exclusively ( _! p2 b ?\gh ! latt] _c1 x is true1 directly apply ?is regulation to !mselves1 !y nev]!less may indirectly d]ive advantage f x4 ,!y w be prep>$ to p]ceive at once :5 any m9i/] proposes to _! acceptance "s doctr9e or exposition ( ,scripture1 = :i* he c produce no anci5t au?ority--& :i* he decl>es to be new1 yet at ! same "t important--he decl>es himself1 by ?is dang]\s & un-canonical proce$+1 unwor?y ( _! confid5ce4 ,b p]haps ! greate/ & mo/ al>m+ mi/ake to be avoid$ by all inquir]s1 ecclesia/ical or laical1 is ! application ( _! m9ds to religi\s rese>*es r = ! sake ( curi\s in=mation & philosophical ent]ta9m5t1 ?an = purposes ( sav+ k1 & ( sure1 efficaci\s1 practical direction4 ,! ,holy ,scriptures1 no d\bt1 are writt5 = our le>n+1 n h[ev] m]ely = su* le>n+ z consi/s 9 lit]>y1 critical1 & speculative ex]cises ( our +5uity2 b = our advancem5t 9 ! s*ool ( ,*ri/ian wisdom1 ( t wisdom f above :i* unites & p]fects all ! high] capacities ( our nature1 moral1 intellectual1 or spiritual--t wisdom :i*1 7f> remov$ f ! jeal\sies & ! wrangl+s & ! viol5ces ( facti\s controv]sy17 is anxi\s only = ! int]e/s ( tru? & virtue--t wisdom :i* is 8fir/ pure1 !n peaceable1 g5tle1 & easy to be entreat$1 full ( m]cy & good fruits1 )\t p>tiality1 & )\t hypocrisy40 #cg;a ,9 ?is c\rse ( wise & holy discipl9e1 accord+ to our dilig5ce1 w be our progress2 & proportion$ to our progress1 w be our rew>d4 ,our anxieties1 disc\ragem5ts1 & despond5cies w be left beh9d u4 ,we %all g on our way rejoic+4 ,we %all feel a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! glori\s sy/em ( ,*ri/ian r$emption4 ,we %all ent] daily m & m ) satisfaction ^u ! duty ( exam9+ ourselves1 8:e!r we be 9 ! fai?30 #cg;b & ! result ( t exam9ation w m & m enable u to see di/9ctly )9 our he>ts ! l9eam5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian "*4 ,all ! te/s f ,scripture ( su* a progress w h a cle>] application to our spiritual /ate4 ,love to ,god1 *>ity to mank9d1 pref]5ce ( div9e to m]ely human objects1 f]v5cy 9 pray]1 frequ5cy 9 m$itation1 atta*m5t to religi\s ord9ances1 self-control 9 ! subjugation ( our appetites & passions2 & 9 "o ^w1 lik5ess to ,*ri/1 increas+ f day to day--w assure u t to rea* ! gate ( salvation we h only to pres]ve ! pa? :i* we h *os54 ,& al?\gh1 9 ?is advanc$ /ate1 enjoy+ 8a full assurance ( fai? & hope10 #ch;a we relax no?+ ( our ef=ts1 &1 l ,/4 ,paul1 8c\nt n ourselves to h appreh5d$ ! price ( our high call+10 #ch;b yet we exclaim triumphantly ) ! same ,apo/le3 8,:o %all sep>ate u f ! love ( ,*ri/8 ,%all tribulation1 or di/ress1 or p]secution1 or fam9e1 or nak$ness1 or p]il1 or sword8 ,9 all ^! ?+s we are m ?an conqu]ors ?r\gh him t lov$ u4 ,= ,i am p]suad$1 t nei!r dea?1 nor life1 nor angels1 nor pr9cipalities1 nor p[]s1 nor ?+s pres5t1 nor ?+s to come1 nor height1 nor dep?1 nor any o!r creature1 %all be able to sep>ate u f ! love ( ,god1 :i* is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus our ,"l40 #ch;c 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,end4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gilb]t ,,riv+ton1 ,pr9t]s1 ,/4 ,john's ,squ>e1 ,london4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,by ! same ,au?or4 ,i4 ,,diss]tations v9dicat+ ! ,,*ur* ( ,,engl& 9 respect to "s ,ess5tial ,po9ts ( ,polity & ,doctr9e4 ,,ii4 ,,v9dication ( ! ,,episcopal or ,,apo/olical ,,succession4 999999 ,extract$ f ! =ego+ ,"w4 ,,iii4 ,,memoir ( ! ,,life & ,,times ( ! ,,"r ,,hon4 ,,sir ,,john ,,s9clair1 ,b>t4 ,,iv4 ,,que/ions ,,illu/rat+ ! ,,cate*ism ( ! ,,*ur* ( ,,engl&4 ,v4 ,,que/ions on ! ,,ord]s = ,,morn+ & ,,ev5+ ,,pray]4 ,,vi4 ,an ,,essay on ,,*ur* ,,patronage4 ,,vii4 ,a ,,*>ge deliv]$ to ! ,,cl]gy ( ! ,,ar*deaconry ( ,middlesex1 9 #ahdc4 ,,viii4 ,a ,,*>ge deliv]$ 9 #ahdd4 ,,ix4 ,a ,,*>ge deliv]$ 9 #ahdi4 ,,side ,,notes4 ,9 ! pr9t$ book ,rev4 ,s9clair pr9t$ side notes 9 ! m>g9s to expla9 ! po9ts he 0 try+ to make4 ,z ^! made ! text itself difficult to read1 & add$ little value to ! n>rative1 9 ?is transcription !y are plac$ "h1 toge!r ) ! pages on :i* !y occur1 s t ! developm5t ( ! po9ts c be se5 9 ov]view4 ,side note ,page ,div]sity ( religi\s op9ions a s\rce ( anxiety #a ,on acc\nt ( o!rs & on our own #a ,confusion f ! numb] ( guides #b ,motives ( cr$ibility = an infallible liv+ arbit] #b ,fallacy & presumption ( ^! priori argum5ts #c ,probable argum5ts at be/ are no gr\nd ( infallible #e assurance ,argum5t = infallibility f ! analogy ( ! ,jewi% #f ,*ur* 4 4 4 answ]$ #f ,transmission ( ! ,scripture no pro( ( infallible #h int]pretation ,?ree requisites to af=d u infallible assurance #h ,fir/ requisite want+4 ,organ ( infallibility unc]ta9 #i ,second requisite want+ 9 ! ,?ree ,organs ( #aa infallibility4 ,! ,pope s+ly ,pret5sions ( ! ,pontiff scripturally consid]$ #aa ,pret5sions ( ! ,pontiff traditionally consid]$ #ad ,pret5sions ( ! ,pontiff morally consid]$ #ah ,difficulties ( asc]ta9+ infallibly :5 ! ,pope #ai speaks ex ca!dr ,papal inconsi/5cies & h]esies #bj ,second alleg$ ,organ ( ,infallibility #ba ,a g5]al c\ncil s+ly #bb ,pret5sions ( a g5]al c\ncil ,scripturally consid]$ #bb ,difficulties ( kn[+ :at is a g5]al c\ncil #be ,?ird organ ( infallibility #be ,pope & g5]al c\ncil 9 conjunction #bf ,unc]ta9ty ( ! ,papal sanction to a c\ncil #bf ,additional argum5t aga9/ ,popes & ,c\ncils jo9tly #bg ,?ird requisite to af=d infallible assurance4 ,?is #bh requisite want+ ,!ory ( ,developm5t #ca ,"r pa? to sav+ k #cb ,diff]5ce ( ?is ,scriptural pr9ciple f ! ?ree #cc prec$+ ,rules = acquir+ s\nd ,*ri/ian k #cc ,conclud+ exhortation #cg ,,footnotes4 #a ,ut hc qu scripta sunt non negamus1 ita ea qu non sunt scripta r5uimus4--,hi]on adv4 ,helvid4 op]4 t4 iv4 p>s ii4 p4 #ada4 ed4 ,b54 #c;a ,eph4 iv4 #ad4 #c;b ,! !ologian w "h obs]ve1 t ! argum5t f 8motives ( cr$ibility10 z !y are t]m$1 is 9 ?is view m presumptu\s & objectionable ?an ! claim s l\dly & s vehem5tly object$ aga9/ ,prote/ants4 ,surely !re is m presumption 9 claim+ a "r to prejudge :at ,god mu/ h done1 ?an 9 claim+ ! "r ( private judgm5t to asc]ta9 :at ,god has actually reveal$4 #e 8,b x is m useful & fit 7y say7 = decid+ ( controv]sies1 to h1 besides an infallible rule to g by1 a liv+ infallible judge to det]m9e !m3 & f h5ce y conclude1 t c]ta9ly !re is su* a judge4 ,b :y !n may n ano!r say1 t x is yet m useful1 = _m excell5t purposes1 t all ! ,patri>*s %\ld be infallible1 ?an t ! ,pope only %\ld8 ,ano!r1 t x w\ld be yet m useful1 t all ! ,ar*bi%ops ( e prov9ce %\ld be s1 ?an t ! ,patri>*s only %\ld be s4 ,ano!r1 t x w\ld be yet m useful1 if all ! ,bi%ops ( e diocese 7 s8 ,ano!r1 t x w\ld be yet m available t all ! p>sons ( e p>i% %\ld be s8 ,ano!r1 t x w\ld be yet m excell5t1 if all ! fa!rs ( families 7 s8 ,& la/ly1 ano!r1 t x 7 mu* m to be desir$1 t e man & e woman 7 s8 j z mu* z ! prev5tion ( controv]sies is bett] ?an ! decision ( !m2 & ! prev5tion ( h]esies bett] ?an ! condemnation ( !m2 & ^u ?is gr\nd conclude1 by y\r own v consequ5ce1 t n only a g5]al ,c\ncil1 n only ! ,pope1 b all ! ,patri>*s1 ,ar*bi%ops1 ,bi%ops1 ,pa/ors1 ,fa!rs--nay1 all ! m5 9 ! _w1 are infallible8 ,if y say n[1 z ,i am sure y w1 t ?is conclusion is mo/ gross1 & absurd1 aga9/ s5se & exp]i5ce1 !n mu/ also ! gr\nd be false f :i* x evid5tly & und5iably foll[s1 viz41 ,t t c\rse ( deal+ ) m5 seems always m fit to ,div9e ,provid5ce1 :i* seems mo/ fit to human reason40--,works ( ,*ill+wor?1 vol4 i4 p4 #bif4 #f ,deut4 xvii4 #h-ad4 #g;a ,deut4 xvii4 #h4 #g;b ,exod4 xxxii4 #d-g4 #g;c #a ,k+s xii4 #bh4 #g;d #a ,k+s xxii4 #f4 #g;e ,j]em4 v4 #cj1 #ca4 #g;f ,isa4 lvi4 #aj4 #h ,see ,tracts publi%$ by ,bi%op ,gibson4 ,title iv4 *ap4 i4 vol4 i4 p4 #ah4 #i 8,= _m ( y hold ! ,pope's proposal ex ca!dr1 to be suffici5t & oblig+0 7obligatory72 8"s a ,c\ncil )\t a ,pope2 "s nei!r ( !m sev]ally1 b only bo? toge!r2 "s n ?is nei!r 9 matt] ( mann]s1 :i* ,bell>m9e ackn[l$ges1 & tells u x is all "o 9 effect1 z if !y d5i$ x0 7to be7 8suffici5t 9 matt] ( fai?2 "s n 9 matt] ( fai? nei!r ?9k ?is proposal infallible1 )\t ! acceptation ( ! ,*ur* univ]sal2 "s d5y ! infallibility ( ! pres5t ,*ur*1 & only make ! tradition ( all ages ! infallible prop\nd]3 yet if y 7 agre$ :at & :at only is ! infallible prop\nd]1 ?is w\ld n satisfy u2 nor yet to say1 t all is fundam5tal :i* is prop\nd$ suffici5tly by him3 = ?\gh agree+ 9 ?is1 yet y might /ill disagree :e!r su* or su* a doctr9e 7 prop\nd$ or n2 or if prop\nd$1 :e!r suffici5tly1 or only insuffici5tly4 ,& x is s kn[n a ?+1 t 9 _m po9ts y d s1 t ,i assure myself y w n d5y x40--,*ill+wor?1 vol4 i4 p4 #aah4 #aj ,see ,evid5ce aga9/ ,ca?olicism1 by ,rev4 ,j4 ,blanco ,:ite1 p4 #id4 #aa ,matt4 xvi4 #ah1 #ai4 ,luke xxii4 #cb4 ,john xxi4 #ag4 #ab;a ,see ,/ill+fleet's 8,v9dication10 p4 #dah4 #ab;b ,! phrases 8to b9d & loose0 7 ,jewi%1 & mo/ frequ5t 9 _! writ+s4 ,x belong$ only to ! tea*]s among ! ,jews to b9d & loose4 ,:5 ! ,jews set any ap>t to be a prea*]1 !y us$ ^! words3 8,take ?\ lib]ty to tea* :at is b\nd & :at is loose40--,/rype's ,preface to ! ,po/hum\s ,rema9s ( ,dr4 ,lightfoot1 p4 #ch4 ,see ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke's comm5t>y 9 loco4 #ab;c ,comp>e ,matt4 xvii4 #ah1 ) ,john xx4 #bb1 #bc4 #ac;a ,see manuscript volume by ! ,hon\rable ,ar*ibald ,campbell1 a ,nonjur+ ,bi%op1 fir/ 9 ,scotl&1 & aft]w>ds 9 ,london4 ,also ,bi%op ,horsley's ,s]mons1 vol4 i4 p4 #bic4 #ac;b ,= a full exposition ( ?is text1 see ,rem>ks by ,granville ,%>p1 ,esq41 cit$ by ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke 9 8 comm5t>y4 #ac;c ,see ,dr4 ,isaac ,b>r['s ,treatise on ! ,pope's ,supremacy1 & ,rev4 ,j4 ,flet*]'s ,lectures on ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,religion1 p4 #id4 #ac;d ,eph4 ii4 #bj4 #ac;e #a ,cor4 iii4 #aa4 #ac;f #a ,cor4 xii4 #bh4 #ad;a ,rev4 xxi4 #ad4 #ad;b 8,see+ ! ,romani/s !mselves ackn[l$ge1 t he 0 ,bi%op ( ,antio*1 be=e he 0 ,bi%op ( ,rome2 we require !m to %[1 :y s great an inh]itance z ?is1 %\ld desc5d to ! y\ng] r ?an ! eld]1 accord+ to ! ord9>y mann] ( desc5ts8 ,especially1 see+ ,rome ha? little else to allege = ?is pref]m5t1 b only t ,/4 ,pet] 0 crucifi$ 9 x3 :i* 0 a v sl5d] reason to move ! ,apo/le s to respect x40--,extract f ,ar*bi%op ,u%]'s ,spee* 9 ! ,ca/le ,*amb]1 ,dubl91 ,nov4 #bb1 #afbb4 ,see ,dr4 ,p>r's ,life ( ,u%]1 p4 #bc4 #ad;c 8,:at say y to ! expung+ ! "n ( ,felix1 ,bi%op ( ,rome1 out ( ! ,dipty*s ( ! ,*ur* by ,acacius1 ! ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople8 ,:at say y to ,hil>y's ,ana!ma aga9/ ,pope ,lib]ius60--,/ill+fleet's 8,v9dication10 p4 #djh4 #ae;a ,/4 ,j]ome affirms1 t a ,bi%op1 9 :atev] diocese1 :e!r ( ,rome1 ( ,eugabium1 c41 is ( ! same p[] 7ejusdem m]iti7 & ( ! same rank 9 ! prie/hood 7ejusdem sac]dotii7 ) 8 ,episcopal bre?r54 8,=10 he adds1 8!y are all alike successors ( ! ,apo/les40 ,?is admission f ! ,secret>y ( ,pope ,damasus is v rem>kable4--,epi/4 ad ,evag4 #ae;b ,vid4 ,lab4 tom4 iv4 p4 #hag4--;,gri]'s ,epitome ( ! ,g5]al ,c\ncils1 pp4 #fa4 #id4 #af;a ,ruff9us1 9 8 translation & ab/ract ( ! ,nic5e ,canons1 gives ! six? ( !m 9 ^! words3 8,! anci5t cu/om ( ,alex&ria & ( ,rome %all /ill be obs]v$1 t ! "o %all h ! c>e or gov]nm5t ( ! ,egyptian1 & ! o!r t ( ! suburbic>y *ur*es40--,ut apud ,alex&riam et 9 urbe ,rom vetu/a consuetudo s]vetur1 ut vel ille gypti vel hic suburbic>i>um ecclesi>um sollicitud9em g]at4 ,ruff94 ,hi/4 lib4 i4 c4 #f4--,see also ,b+ham's ,antiquities1 ,book ix4 *ap4 #a1 sec4 #i4 #af;b ,univ]salitatis nom5 quod sibi illicit usurpavit nolite att5d]e3--nullus enim ,patri>*>um hoc tam pr(ano vocabulo unquam utatur4--,p]p5ditis1 fratres c>issimi1 quid e vic9o subsequatur cum et 9 sac]dotibus erumpunt tam p]v]sa primordia4 ,quia enim juxta e/ ille de quo scriptum e/2 ,ipse e/ rex sup] univ]sos filios sup]bi4--,pap4 ,pelag4 ii4 epi/4 #h4 #ag;a ,nullus unquam decessorum meorum hoc tam pr(ano vocabulo uti cons5sit3 quia videlicet si unus patri>*a univ]salis dicitur1 patri>*>um nom5 ct]is d]ogatur4 ,s$ absit1 hoc absit ,*ri/ian m5te id sibi velle qu5quam arrip]e unde fratrum suorum honorem imm9u]e ex quantulcunque p>te videatur6--,pap4 ,gregor4 i4 lib4 iv4 epi/4 #cf4 #ag;b ,ego v]o fid5t] dico1 quia quisquis se univ]salem sac]dotem vocat1 vel voc>i decid]at1 9 elatione su ,anti-*ri/um prcurrit2 quia sup]bi5do1 ct]is prponit4--,pap4 ,gregor4 i4 lib4 vi4 epi/4 #cj4 ,attempts h be5 made to reconcile ! language ( ,pelagius & ,gregory1 ) ! assumption1 by _! imm$iate successors1 ( ! v supremacy :i* ^? two ,popes s /rongly reprobate4 ,! utt] futility ( su* attempts1 ! read] w see ?or\ghly e/abli%$ by ,/ill+fleet 9 8 8,v9dication10 "p ii4 *ap4 vi4 #ai 8,i w\ld fa9 "k :e!r !re be any c]ta9ty t e ,pope is a good ,*ri/ian1 or :e!r he may n be 79 ! s5se ( ! ,scripture7 ( ! _w8 ,if n1 h[ 0 x t ,bell>m9e %\ld h cause to ?9k t su* a rank ( !m w5t successively toge!r to p]dition80--,*ill+wor?'s ,works1 vol4 iii4 p4 #cei4 ,! same le>n$ ,c>d9al :om ,*ill+wor? "h ref]s to1 is v zeal\s ?r\gh\t 8 works 9 def5d+ ,papal infallibility1 & ev5 v5tures to affirm 7,bell>m4 de ,pontifice ,rom4 lib4 iv4 cap4 #e1 9 f9e71 8,if ! ,pope c\ld or %\ld s f> err1 z to comm& ! practice ( vice1 & to =bid virtu\s actions1 ! ,*ur* 7 b\nd to believe vices to be good1 & virtues to be bad40 ,! ,pontiffs1 :atev] !y may h ?\ght ( ?is extraord9>y !ory1 seem 9 practice1 by ! ,c>d9al's own acc\nt1 to h avail$ !mselves1 9 a consid]able degree1 ( ! privilege :i* he claims 9 _! behalf4--,see also ,works ( ,h5ry ,m1 p4 #dej4 #bj;a 8,x 7 he>tily to be wi%$1 if he0 7! ,pope7 8%\ld once happ5 to be 9 ca!dr1 he w\ld infallibly det]m9e :at is to be 9 ca!dr ev] aft]2 = x w\ld ease m5's m9ds ( a great _m tr\blesome scruples1 :i* !y _c1 )\t "s infallible det]m9ation1 get !mselves quit (40--,/ill+fleet's 8,v9dication10 p4 #aad4 #bj;b ,= ,bi%op ,/ill+fleet's argum5t to prove t no ,pontiff has be5 canonically elect$ s9ce ! times ( ,sextus ! ,fif?1 see 8 ,v9dication1 "p i4 p4 #aaf4 #ba;a ,romanus ,pontifex p] lit]as ,montani/is communionem imp]tiit1 quas1 errore cognito1 revoc>e coactus e/4--,dup9 de ,antiq4 ,eccl4 ,dis4 #e4 p4 #cdf4 ,la ,pape les ,montani/es reu dans sa communion1 ce qui montre que le ,pape n'toit pas infallible4--,basnage1 ,hi/4 tom4 i4 p4 #cfj4 #ba;b ,he ma9ta9$ aga9/ ,cyprian1 ( ,c>?age1 t baptism1 ?\gh p]=m$ by h]etics1 ought n to be repeat$3 b ! h]etics ( t p]iod baptiz$ only 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & sometimes n ev5 9 8 "n3 a k9d ( ,baptism :i* no ,roman ,ca?olic w\ld n[ admit to be valid4--,see ,gri]'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,c\ncils1 p4 #ag4 #ba;c ,see ?is case argu$ by ,bi%op ,/ill+fleet 9 "p iii4 *ap4 #b1 pp4 #eab1 #eac1 ( ! ,v9dication2 & = o!rs equally opposite1 see ,gri]'s ,hi/ory passim4 ,see also ,burnet on ! ,n9ete5? ,article4 #ba;d ,see ,evid5ce aga9/ ,ca?olicism by ! ,rev4 ,blanco ,:ite1 p4 #cc3 & ! ,bi%op ( ,exet]'s ,lett]s to ,*>les ,butl]1 ,esq4 ,lett] xiv4 p4 #bga4 #bb;a ,! writ]s ( ! ,gallican ,*ur* are "h allud$ to1 all ( :om oppose ! ,papal claims4 #bb;b ,matt4 xvi4 #ah4 #bb;c ,matt4 xviii4 #ag4 #bb;d ,matt4 xxviii4 #bj4 #bb;e ,john xiv4 #af4 #bb;f ,acts xv4 #bh4 #bb;g #a ,tim4 iii4 #ae4 #bc ,ecclesia univ]salis nunquam errat quia nunquam tota errat4--,to/at4 ,abul5s4 prfat4 9 ,matt1 qu/4 xiii4 ,ecclesia lat9orum non e/ ,ecclesia univ]salis s$ qudam p>s ejus3 ideo1 etiamsi tota ipsa errasset1 non errabat ecclesia univ]salis3 quia manet ,ecclesia univ]salis 9 p>tibus illis qu non errant1 sive ill s9t num]o plures quam errantes1 sive non4--,ibid4 qu/4 iv4 9 ,matt4 ad proleg4 #b4 #bd;a 8,= my "p1 ,i %\ld ?9k x did m conc]n our ,"l ,jesus1 by virtue ( ?is promise1 to make 8 ,*ur* impeccable1 ?an infallible4 ,my mean+ is1 t x is a mu* m desirable ?+ to secure 8 m9i/]s & p f ! dang] ( s91 ?an f ! dang] ( error4 ,b ! =m] ,he ha? n done1 & !re=e ,i mu* d\bt ( ! latt]40--,ar*bi%op ,%>p5s ,s]mons1 vol4 viii4 #bd;b ,9 ,scripturis canonicis nullum de iis v]bum e/3 nec ex ,apo/olorum in/itutione speciale quicquam de illis accepit illa primitiva ,*ri/i ,ecclesia4--,alb]t4 ,pigh4 ,hi]>*4 ,eccles4 lib4 vi4 cap4 #a1 quot$ 9 t ma/]ly "w1 8,! ,difficulties ( ,romanism10 by ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,s4 ,fab]1 book #a1 *ap4 ii4 p4 #cf4 #bf 8,! l[ ,romani/s :o are di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,cisalp9es1 7= s]i\s diff]5ces exi/1 x appe>s1 ev5 9 ! v bosom ( privileg$ in]rancy17 n only d5y ! p]sonal infallibility ( ! ,pope1 b hold also t = h]esy or s*ism 7to bo? ( :i*1 we f9d1 ! alleg$ fallible head ( an infallible body is actually liable17 he may be lawfully depos$ by a g5]al c\ncil4 ,su* be+ ! case1 !y mu/1 on _! own pr9ciples1 inevitably hold ! infallibility ( a g5]al c\ncil ev5 :5 n sanction$ by ! papal confirmation3 = x is q cle>1 on ! "o h&1 t no prud5t ,pope1 at lea/1 w\ld ratify ! s5t5ce ( 8 own deposition1 or confirm ! decree :i* pron\nc$ him to be a s*ismatic or a h]etic2 & x is equally cle>1 on ! o!r h&1 t no g5]al c\ncil c\ld infallibly pron\nce ! ,pope to be a h]etic or s*ismatic1 himself all ! :ile /iffly d5y+1 z ( c\rse he w\ld d5y1 ! (f5sive allegation1 unless su* g5]al c\ncil1 indep5d5tly ( any papal ratification1 7 itself con/itutionally infallible40--,fab]'s ,difficulties ( ,romanism1 p4 #bdg1 #bdh4 #bg;a ,bell>m4 de ,cone4 lib4 i4 cap4 #h4 #bg;b ,see ,bi%op ,taylor's ,lib]ty ( ,prophecy1 sect4 #f4 vol4 viii4 ( 8 works1 p4 #da4 #bg;c 8,t ! au?ority ( g5]al c\ncils 0 nev] e/eem$ absolute1 infallible1 & unlimit$1 appe>s 9 ?is1 t be=e !y 7 oblig+ 7obligatory7 x 0 necess>y t ea* p>ticul> ,*ur* respectively %\ld accept !m1 ,concurr5ti univ]sali totius ecclesi cons5su1 c41 9 decl>atione v]itatum qu cr$5d sunt1 c4 ,9 ?is way1 z obs]v$ by ,g]son1 ! decrees ( c\ncils became au!ntic1 & turn$ into a law3 & till !y became s _! decrees 7 b a dead lett]40--,see ,heb]'s ,bi%op ,taylor1 vol4 viii4 p4 #ej1 #ea1 rem>k+ on ,/4 ,augu/91 b4 #a4 cap4 #ah4 de ,bapt4 contra ,donat4 #bi;a ,see ,works ( ,leslie1 vol4 i4 p4 #dig4 #bi;b ,= an example1 see ,blanco ,:ite's ,evid5ce1 p4 #ci4 #bi;c ,see ,bi%op ,burnet on ! ,tw5ty-second ,article4 #cj ,x may "h be n inapposite to introduce ! well-kn[n example ( implicit fai?1 record$ by v>i\s writ]s1 & :i* has met ) diff]5t degrees ( ,roman ,ca?olic praise & ( ,prote/ant c5sure4 ,an ignorant colli] ( ! ,romi% p]suasion 0 ask$1 :at x 0 t he believ$1 & answ]$1 8,i believe :at ! ,*ur* believes40 ,! que/ion] rejo9$3 8,:at !n does ! ,*ur* believe80 ,he repli$3 8,! ,*ur* believes :at ,i believe40 ,! o!r1 anxi\s = p>ticul>s1 resum$ 8 int]rogatories3 8,tell me1 !n1 ,i pray y1 :at is x t y & ! ,*ur* bo? believe80 ,to :i* ! colli] c\ld only give ?is answ]3 8,:y1 truly1 sir1 ! ,*ur* & ,i bo? believe ! same ?+40--,campbell's ,lectures1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bei4 #cb;a ,! true !ory ( developm5t is ably /at$ by ,bi%op ,butl] 9 8 ,analogy1 "p ii4 *ap4 #c1 & may be usefully contra/$ ) ! newly-devis$ dogma ( ,pop]y4 #cb;b 8,c]ta9ly e man consid]+ t 8 et]nal salvation lies ^u x1 w be en=c$ to apply s9c]ity & c>e 9 8 own behalf2 :]eas if o!rs int]pret = him1 !y may d x m remissly1 or m fraudul5tly40--,works ( ,h54 ,m1 p4 #ded4 8,z ! case /&s 9 religion1 accord+ to ! ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e1 reason1 & ?9k+1 & /udy+1 & exam9ation1 & indu/ry1 & se>*1 ?\gh !y be necess>y tools to be made use ( = ! putt+ a man into good h&s1 yet aft] he is 9 ^? h&s1 he is to ?r[ all ^! ?+s away1 & nev] aft] to make use ( !m4 ,do? ?is look l a doctr9e ( ,god8 ,no1 c]ta9ly40--,ar*bi%op ,%>p5s ,s]mons1 vol4 vii4 p4 #bi4 #cc ,psalm xxv4 #ad2 xxxii4 #h2 xxv4 #h1 #i2 xv4 #ab1 #ac4 ,prov4 li4 #a-e2 iii4 #e1 #f2 x4 #cj1 #ca4 ,james i4 #e4 ,matt4 vii4 #ab4 ,john vii4 #ag4 #cd;a #b ,tim4 iii4 #af4 #cd;b ,john v4 #ci4 #cd;c #a ,!ss4 v4 #ba4 #cd;d #a ,pet4 iii4 #ae4 #cd;e ,= pro(s & illu/rations ( ?is po9t1 drawn f ,ir5u1 ,t]tullian1 ,hippolytus1 ,cyprian1 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 ,a?anasius1 ,j]ome1 ,basil1 & ,augu/91 see ,fab]'s 8,difficulties ( ,romanism40 #cd;f ,see note p4 #cc4 #cd;g ,john vii4 #ag4 ,s]mons ( ,bi%op ,taylor1 vol4 vi4 p4 #djb4 #ce ,book ( ,common ,pray]4 #cf;a ,imprimis v]o1 videbunt 7,concionatores7 ne quid unquam doceant pro concione1 quod a populo religios t5]i et cr$i vel9t1 nisi quod cons5taneum sit doctr9 vet]is aut novi te/am5ti3 quodque ex ill ips doctr9 ,ca?olici ,patres et vet]es ,episcopi colleg]9t4--,sp>r[1 ,collect1 p4 #bch4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to obs]ve t ?is canon is n includ$ among ^? ( #afjc4 #cf;b ,see *ap4 vii4 ( ,dr4 ,wat]l&'s ,treatise on ! ,importance ( ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity2 :]e ! use ( ecclesia/ical antiquity is discuss$ ) 8 usual ma/]ly erudition & ability4 ,simil> obs]vations 9 an abridg$ =m may be f\nd 9 8 introduction to a review ( ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,see vol4 vii4 ( 8 ,works1 edit$ by ,bi%op ,van ,mild]t4 #cg;a ,james iii4 #ag4 #cg;b #b ,cor4 xiii4 #e4 #ch;a ,heb4 vi4 #aa2 x4 #bb4 #ch;b ,phil4 iii4 #ac4 #ch;c ,rom4 viii4 #ce-ci4