,,old ,,glass ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,collect ,,x ,illu/ration ,! ,/&>d ,book on ! ,subject4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,/a9$ ,,glass ,,w9d[s4 ,by ,,maurice ,,drake4 ,fully ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r & ,half-tone4 ,foolscap folio4 #b1 #bs4 net4 8,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful1 nay1 mo/ sumptu\s1 books produc$ 9 rec5t ye>s1 & f t po9t ( view ! ,au?or & ! publi%]1 ! arti/ & ! pr9t]1 &1 inde$1 also ! b9d]1 are to be he>tily congratulat$4 ,b x is also an int]e/+ book to read1 al?\gh ! subject is n ev]yone's subject1 = x is writt51 n m]ely ) k1 :i* "o c f9d any:]e on mo/ subjects1 b ) k t\*$ ) humanity1 :i* is ! k9d ( k t we want 9 a book40--,daily ,*ronicle4 ,,fir/ ,,/eps ,,9 ,,collect+4 ,by ,mrs ,,grace ,,vallois1 ,au?or ( 8,antiques & ,curios 9 our ,homes40 #fd ,illu/rations4 ,picture ,cov]4 #fs4 net4 ,9 ?is book ,g4 ,m4 ,vallois has grappl$ successfully ) ! problem ( h[ to give ! amateur a slight g5]al k ( a wide subject1 )\t delug+ him ) te*nical details4 ,,antiques ,,& ,,curios ,,9 ,,our ,,homes4 ,by ,g4 ,m4 ,,vallois4 #fa ,illu/rations4 #fs4 net4 ,9 addition to be+ int]e/+ to ^? :o possess old furniture1 etc41 x %\ld appeal to "y p]sons mak+ a home1 z1 ev5 ?\gh !y may n be able to buy ,antique ,furniture1 x is ( educational value to !m1 inasmu* z x tea*es 9 a mo/ fasc9at+ mann] ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,%]aton & ,*ipp5dale1 betwe5 ,w$gwood & ,will[ ,patt]n1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,a f9e specim5 ( ,e>ly ,bri/ol ,glass1 ) l&scape pa9t$ by ,edk94 ,,old ,,glass ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,collect ,,x ,,by ,j4 ,,sydney ,,lewis ,,illu/rat$ ,,london ,t4 ,,w]n] ,,laurie ,,ltd4 #cj ,,new ,,bridge ,,/reet1 ,e4,c4#d ,! ,au?or desires to express 8 be/ ?anks to ,miss ,:itmore ,jones1 ,mr ,cole ( ,law1 ,f\l%am ,cole1 ,mr ,a4 ,edw>ds ( ,messrs ,edw>ds ,limit$1 = _! k9d p]mission to include examples ( old ,engli% & ,iri% glass f _! ,collections1 & to ,messrs ,so!by1 ,wilk9son ,hodge = all[+ him to include ! li/ ( prices fet*$ by v>i\s specim5s at _! ,sales4 ,he is also desir\s ( ackn[l$g+ ! assi/ance he has receiv$ f ! ,au?orities ( ! ,briti% & ,dubl9 ,museums1 & also to ! late ,mr ,j4 ,h]b]t ,bailey1 to :om & to 8,! ,connoisseur0 he is indebt$ = sev]al ( ! illu/rations4 ,8 indebt$ness to ! great "w ( ,mr ,a4 ,h>t%orne is "o :i* he %>es ) e writ] :o takes z 8 subject 8,old ,engli% ,glass40 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,introductory #a ,,ii4 ,,e>ly ,,engli% ,,glass #bg ,,iii4 ,,eighte5?-,,c5tury ,,glass #ee ,,iv4 ,,memorial ,,glasses #ie ,v4 ,,bri/ol ,,& ,,nailsea ,,glass #aae ,,vi4 ,,iri% ,,glass #abh ,,vii4 ,,curi\s ,,& ,,freak ,,glasses #aed ,,viii4 ,,frauds ,,& ,,imitations #aff ,,ix4 ,,"s ,,h9ts ,,to ,,collectors #ahb ,,catalogue ,,( ,,prices ,,( ,,pr9cipal ,,pieces ,,( ,,glass #aia ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,e>ly ,bri/ol ,glass2 l&scape pa9t$ by ,edk944444,frontispiece ,,fig4 #a4 ,elizabe?an ,glass 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,coll47 ,to face page #db #b4 ,posset ,cup 7,*>les ,,ii47 #c4 ,fe$+ ,cup 7,william ,,iii47 0 #dh #d4 ,glass ,panel 7,*>les ,,ii47 #e4 ,glass ,tank>d ) ,co9 bl[n 9 ,base 0 #ej #f4 ,co9 bl[n 9 ,base ( ,tank>d #g4 ,air-twi/$ ,/em ,glasses444440 #fb #h4 ,air-twi/$ ,button & ,balu/] ,/em ,glasses444440 #ff #i4 ,opaque-twi/$ ,/em & ,rose ,glasses444440 #fh #aj4 ,d\ble ,ogee ,b[ls444440 #gb #aa4 ,ale ,glasses & ,sweetmeat ,glasses444440 #gd #ab4 ,eighte5?-c5tury ,dr9k+ ,glasses444440 #gf #ac4 ,rumm]s & ,balu/] ,/em ,glasses444440 #hd #ad4 ,decant]s & ,salt-cell>s 7,eighte5? ,c5t47444440 #ij #ae4 ,c&le/icks & ,tap]/icks444440 #ib #af4 ,jacobean ,ru%light ,hold] & ,w9e ,glasses444440 #id #ag4 ,jacobite ,toa/+ ,glasses444440 #if #ah4 ,jacobite ,goblets444440 #ajj #ai4 ,jacobite ,glass444440 #ajb #bj4 ,memorial ,toa/+ ,glasses444440 #ajf #ba4 ,memorial ,glasses 7,v>i\s7444440 #ajh #bb4 ,a ,nelson ,glass & ,george ,,iv4 ,coronation ,glass444440 #aaj #bc4 ,commemoration ,glasses444440 #aab #bd4 ,tank>ds & ,grog ,glasses444440 #aad #be4 ,old ,bri/ol ,glass ,decant] & ,mug444440 #abj #bf4 ,bri/ol ,glass ,vases & ,c&le/icks444440 #abb #bg4 ,bri/ol ,glass ,vases & ,ca/ors444440 #abd #bh4 ,e>ly ,nailsea ,jugs444440 #abf #bi4 ,nailsea ,jug & ,mug444440 #abh #cj4 ,e>ly ,iri% ,glass444440 #acj #ca4 ,old ,iri% ,salad ,b[ls & ,cel]y ,glasses444440 #acb #cb4 ,old ,wat]=d ,c5trepiece1 ) ,coll>444440 #acd #cc4 ,old ,wat]=d ,pres]ve ,j>s & ,b[ls444440 #acf #cd4 7#a7 ,old ,cork ,decant]s2 7#b7 ,old ,wat]=d ,decant]s444440 #ach #ce4 ,old ,cut ,iri% ,decant]s & ,f+]-bas9s444440 #adj #cf4 ,e>ly ,iri% ,fruit ,di%es444440 #aej #cg4 ,masonic1 ,toa/+1 & ,freak ,glasses2 an ,e>ly ,cambridge ,y>d ,ale ,glass ,page #afj #ch4 ,saxon ,glass444440 #cj #ci4 ,v>i\s ,/yles ( ,cutt+444440 #g #dj4 ,examples ( ,balu/] ,/ems & ,te> ,glasses444440 #eg #da4 ,te> ,glasses444440 #fa #db4 ,old ,engli% ,glasses444440 #fe ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory ,! orig9 ( glass is lo/ 9 antiquity4 ,pl9y1 inde$1 ascribes its discov]y to c]ta9 ,phnician m>9]s :o1 be+ %ipwreck$ ^u a s&y %ore1 us$ a block ( ! natron :i* =m$ _! c>go to support a pot :i* !y 7 putt+ ov] an improvis$ fire4 ,! heat fus$ ! s& ) ! natron1 & lo6 ! glass 0 discov]$ 9 ! a%es4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ,pl9y's au?ority 0 ,rum\r1 & s9ce1 also1 su* a ph5om5on is a physical impossibility--= no bonfire c\ld produce a temp]ature at :i* s& w\ld fuse--x is possible t ,rum\r 9 ,pl9y's day _h a no great] reputation = reliability ?an 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,b ! /ory1 if n true1 is at lea/ well inv5t$ & s]ves to %[ at h[ e>ly an age 9 ! _w's hi/ory glass 0 kn[n4 ,x is m ?an probable t ! place ( its orig9 0 ,anci5t ,egypt1 & t ! ,phnicians1 :o 7 und\bt$ly acqua9t$ ) its use1 drew _! k f ! work]s on ! banks ( old ,nile4 ,at any rate articles ( glass h be5 discov]$ 9 tombs ( ! fif? & six? dyna/ies--"s #ccjj ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,?is1 ! e>lie/ kn[n glass1 is g5]ally opaque1 & is *iefly us$ to =m small articles ( ornam5t1 su* z beads = necklaces1 etc4 ,! 8aggry0 beads1 f\nd 9 ,anglo-,saxon b>r[s & made 9 our own "t by ! ,a%antis & neighb\r+ tribes1 are ( simil> type4 ,"s admirable specim5s ( anci5t ,egyptian glass are to be f\nd 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,among !m is a turquoise-blue opaque glass j> ( ,?o?mes ,,iii4--! greate/ ( all ! k+s ( ,egypt--dat+ f ab\t #aeej ,b4,c4 ,at a lat] date glass 0 ext5sively made 9 ,alex&ria1 ! s& 9 ! vic9ity be+ ( exceptional purity & s1 suitable = its manufacture4 ,! city spe$ily became celebrat$ = ! beauty ( its output1 & articles ( ,alex&rian glass 7 l>gely export$ to ,greece & to ,rome1 :]e also1 9 ! space ( a few ye>s1 glass-h\ses 7 e/abli%$2 & to ,con/ant9ople1 :i* 01 9 "t1 to become fam\s = ! manufacture ( col\r$ glass & ( ! ,mosaics s de> to ! ,ori5tal ta/e4 ,! ,greeks d n appe> to h develop$ ! art ( glass-mak+ at a v e>ly age1 b specim5s ( glass h be5 f\nd 9 ,grecian tombs1 &1 9 ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,anci5t ,greece1 :5 art & lit]ature rea*$ _! z5i? "u ,p]icles1 glass 0 c]ta9ly employ$ = purposes ( ar*itectural decoration4 ,9 ,rome1 h[ev]1 ! art ( glass manufacture f\nd a cong5ial home & 0 develop$ to a high pit* ( excell5ce4 ,s widespread 0 its use t x is a truism to say t 9 ,rome ( two ?\s& ye>s ago glass 0 employ$ = a great] numb] ( purposes--dome/ic1 ar*itectural1 & ornam5tal--?an x is to-day1 ev5 ?\gh ! glaz+ ( w9d[s 0 9 its infancy & ! use ( ! mat]ial = optical purposes 0 sc>cely kn[n4 ,9 effect1 col\r$ & ornam5tal glass held mu* ! same place 9 ! ,roman h\sehold t *9a & e>!nw>e d among u to-day4 ,glass 0 us$ = pavem5ts & = ! ext]nal cov]+ ( walls4 ,! ,roman glass-work]s 7 p>ticul>ly happy 9 _! comb9ation ( col\rs1 bo? by fus+ toge!r ?reads ( v>i\s col\rs1 or by fus+ masses1 s z to imitate onyx1 porphyry1 s]p5t9e1 & o!r ornam5tal /ones4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ( all 0 ! fam\s cameo glass4 ,a bubble ( opaque :ite glass 0 bl[n1 & ?is 0 coat$ ) blue & a fur!r lay] ( opaque :ite sup]impos$4 ,! out] coat ( blue 0 remov$ f ! portion :i* 0 to display ! design1 leav+ ! :ite to be c>v$ into :atev] figures ! arti/'s fancy dictat$4 ,! f9e/ example extant ( ?is k9d ( w>e is ! fam\s ,portl& vase 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! art1 ?us br\ght to su* p]fection 9 ,rome1 naturally spread ?r\gh\t ,italy & ! ,roman colonies 9 ,france1 ,spa91 ,g]many1 & ,brita94 ,probably workm5 f ! ,italian cities also e/abli%$ ! fir/ furnaces among ! lagoons ( ,v5ice1 & s laid ! f\ndation ( :at 7 to be ! f9e/ glass manufactories 9 ! _w4 ,at ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury a guild ( glass-work]s 0 =m$4 ,^! seque/]$ _! craft ^u ! isl& ( ,murano1 & !re cultivat$ x ) an increas+ skill t 9 a brief space made ,v5etian glass ! m>vel ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,! peculi> m]its ( ! ,v5etian product 7 grace ( =m & lightness ( execution4 ,_m ( ! vessels are surpass+ly ?94 ,! quality ( ! metal1 h[ev]1 leaves some?+ to be desir$4 ,x is dull1 frequ5tly t+$ ) yell[--due to ! pres5ce ( iron--or purple--! effect ( too great a proportion ( manganese4 ,! workm5 became s skilful t1 c>ri$ away by ! joie d'excut]1 !y produc$ n only ! arti/ic =ms = :i* ,v5etian glass is fam\s1 b all sorts ( extravagances--%ips1 animals1 birds1 fi%es1 & s on--^: only m]it 0 to te/ify to ! excell5ce ( a te*nique :i* c\ld s triumph ov] ! difficulties ( =m & mat]ial4 ,mean:ile1 o!r ,european nations _h tak5 _! cue f ,v5ice1 & glass-h\ses sprang up 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,cont95t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,france & 9 ,bohemia2 ! latt]1 inde$1 spe$ily became ! great rival ( ,v5ice4 ,9 ,engl&1 z we %all see1 glass 0 made dur+ ! ,roman occupation4 ,"u ! ,saxons1 glass-work]s 7 import$ f ! ,cont95t1 b to judge f ! numb] & v>iety ( ! specim5s f\nd 9 ,anglo-,saxon tombs1 x is probable t x 0 also manufactur$ to an equal ext5t at home4 ,dur+ ! ,middle ,ages ! art appe>s to h fall5 into abeyance1 save 9 a few isolat$ in/ances to be not$ lat]1 b 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! cu/om ( us+ glass vessels 0 introduc$ f ,france & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 mo/ ( ! pieces be+ import$ f ,v5ice4 ,to prev5t ! money ?us exp5d$ f leav+ ! c\ntry1 ef=ts 7 made ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury to e/abli% ! art by ! aid ( workm5 f ,murano1 & ! hi/ory ( glass manufactur$ 9 ,engl& may be said to h fairly begun4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly /imulat$ by ! religi\s p]secutions on ! ,cont95t1 p>ticul>ly ! ,spani% ,t]ror 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 = ! ,l[ ,c\ntries 7 s]i\sly endeav\r+ to rival ,murano 9 ! art1 & ! craftsm5 :o fl$ = refuge to ,engl& und\bt$ly did mu* to develop _! trade 9 ! c\ntry ( _! adoption1 z did ! ,hugu5ot refugees at a lat] p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,/rawb]ry ,cutt+ ,hob-nail ,cutt+ ,diamond ,cutt+ ,fleur-de-lis ,cutt+ ,fan ,cutt+ ,h]r+-bone ,cutt+ ,,fig4 #ci4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! :ole process 0 revolutionis$ by ! introduction ( a l>ge proportion ( oxide ( lead1 mak+ :at is te*nically kn[n z 8fl9t0 glass--a glass mu* m brilliant ?an any o!r1 a quality due p>tly to its transp>5cy & p>tly to its increas$ refractive p[]1 :i* r5d]s x specially fitt$ = 8cutt+0--a process :i* enhances its beauty by increas+ ! numb] ( ways 9 :i* ! light rays fall+ on ! glass are disp]s$4 ,! discov]y has giv5 ,engli% glass a well-des]v$ pre-em95ce = beauty ( metal--a pre-em95ce :i* ! glass-cutt]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury admirably su/a9$ by ! excell5ce ( _! "w4 ,all ?is "t ! art ( glass-mak+ on ! ,cont95t _h be5 develop+4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! ,v5etian work]s at ,murano _h p]fect$ ! art ( col\r+ & enamell+ glass--a result :i* 0 lat] to h its influ5ce ^u ,engli% arti/s4 ,an admirable example ( :at !y a*iev$ 9 ?is direction is an old sp9et 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 :i* once belong$ to ,que5 ,elizabe? ( ,bohemia1 ! daught] ( ,james ,i4 ,:atev] its m]its z a musical in/rum5t1 its once gorge\s gilt crimson lea!r case hides an int]ior ( ! utmo/ int]e/ to /ud5ts ( glass1 = ! int]ior ( ! lid is panell$ into eighte5 divisions1 ea* repres5t+ "s classical subject--,n>cissus1 ,daphne1 ,&rom$a1 ,argus1 etc4--admirably done 9 col\r$ glass4 ,! front ( ! keybo>d1 ! /ret*] b> & ! keys !mselves are also elaborately decorat$ 9 simil> fa%ion ) col\r$ glass1 silv] or enamel4 ,! keys are cov]$ ) ornam5ts 9 col\r$ glass1 ! accid5tals be+ fac$ ) blue & :ite /rip$ glass & ! naturals be+ front$ ) ! same4 ,al?\gh x is no "p ( ! purpose ( ?is book to deal 9 detail ) ! te*nical side ( ! manufacture ( glass1 yet "s few words z to ! nature ( ! mat]ial ) :i* we are deal+ are n only desirable b ess5tial to ! prop] und]/&+ ( its v>i\s qualities & k9ds & ! diff]5t /ages ( its manufacture4 ,! sci5ti/ w tell u t glass is a d\ble silicate1 be+ comp\nd$ ( a silicate ( sodium 7or potassium7 & a silicate ( lime4 ,= ! b5efit ( non-sci5tific read]s1 we may rem>k t a silicate is a *emical comp\nd =m$ :5 silica comb9es ) an alkal9e sub/ance l lime1 soda1 or pota%4 ,silica is probably ! mo/ widely di/ribut$ sub/ance 9 nature4 ,silicate ( alum9a is1 = example1 ! basis ( all clayey soils1 & silica1 9 ! pure =m ( qu>tz1 is ! *ief con/itu5t ( ! s& ( ! sea & ( all ^? rocks :i* are kn[n z s&/ones4 ,rock-cry/al1 ame?y/1 agate1 onyx1 jasp]1 fl9t1 etc41 are all v>ieties ( silica4 ,cry/all9e silica is h>d en\gh to scrat* glass--a fact utilis$1 z we %all see1 9 ! s&-bla/ :i* is us$ = ! purpose ( engrav+ patt]ns on glass4 ,silica is fusible only at a v high temp]ature1 b readily comb9es ) alkal9e sub/ances to =m soluble silicates1 :i* are kn[n 9 comm]ce z soluble glass1 or wat]-glass1 because x dissolves readily 9 hot wat]4 ,wat]-glass is us$ 9 mak+ artificial /one1 9 coat+ /one surfaces1 e4g4 walls ( build+s1 etc41 to pres]ve ! /one f decay "u ! wea!r+ influ5ce ( ! atmosph]e1 & 9 ! manufacture ( cem5t4 ,ord9>y glass has _m valuable prop]ties :i* make x ( great importance 9 ! arts & manufactures4 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ ! fact t x c be made to take any %ape ) ease4 ,x resi/s ! action ( all ord9>y acids1 & h5ce is ( ! utmo/ value to ! *emi/ & ! *emical manufactur]4 ,hydr(luoric acid alone attacks x1 by comb9+ readily ) its silica & s dissolv+ x4 ,= ?is reason1 hydr(luoric acid is us$ 9 et*+ on glass4 ,aga91 glass is *eap1 be+ lit]ally made f ! du/ ( ! e>?2 x is transp>5t1 & s c be us$ 9 build+s1 transmitt+ light :il/ protect+ f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r4 ,its transp>5cy1 too1 comb9$ ) its high refractive p[]1 make x ( ine/imable value 9 ! manufacture ( optical in/rum5ts4 ,x is ?is high refractive p[]1 too1 :i* gives to cut glass its beautiful lu/re & sp>kle1 & "o aim ( ! glass-f\nd] is to increase ?is refractive p[] & s enhance ! brilliancy ( 8 product4 ,if glass c\ld be made :i* w\ld refract light to ! same ext5t z ! diamond does1 x w\ld exhibit ! same 8fire0 z ! k+ ( gems4 ,x is h>d & close 9 texture1 & s is capable ( tak+ a high poli%4 ,its great drawback is its brittl5ess1 b ?is c be r$uc$ to a great ext5t by imm]s+ x1 :il/ r$-hot1 9 a hot ba? ( p>aff9 oil1 wax1 or res94 ,a tumbl] ( glass s 8temp]$0 may be dropp$ on ! floor )\t break+4 ,x may be add$1 z a matt] ( common int]e/1 t ?is brittl5ess is l>gely a result ( ! fact t glass is an extremely bad conductor ( heat4 ,because ( ?is1 a mass ( molt5 glass1 :5 cool+1 becomes set on its outside surface long be=e ! int]ior has become solidifi$2 h5ce ! solid ext]ior prev5ts ! molecules ( ! int]ior portion f contract+4 ,z a result1 a condition ( /ra9 is e/abli%$1 ! int]ior molecules t5d+ to contract1 :ile ! ext]ior t5ds 9 ! opposite direction2 consequ5tly a v slight bl[ is en\gh to cause a fracture4 ,v>ieties ( ,glass4--,z we %all frequ5tly f9d x necess>y to ref] to ! v>i\s k9ds ( glass1 x may be z well at ! outset to attempt to give a cle> idea ( _! diff]5ces & ( ! mean+s ( ! v>i\s t]ms employ$ 9 describ+ !m4 ,z reg>ds quality1 ! *ief k9ds are cr[n glass1 fl9t glass1 plate glass1 bottle glass1 & cry/al glass1 & ! diff]5ces 9 composition may be conv5i5tly express$ 9 ! =m ( a table3-- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,oxide (,oxide ( ,silica4 ,pota%4 ,soda4 ,lime4 ,alum9a4 ,lead4 ,iron4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,cr[n4 #fg #ba -- #aj #b -- -- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,fl9t4 #dd #ab -- -- #a #dc -- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,plate4 #gh #b #ac #e #b -- -- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,bottle4 #ei #c -- #be #f -- #g ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,cry/al4 #ef #i -- #c -- #cb -- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,*eape/ ( all glass is bottle glass1 :]e ! base is ma9ly lime4 ,! metal us$ = m$ic9e bottles conta9s m pota% & is pur] & cle>]4 ,! use ( pota% & soda makes ! glass m easily fusible2 alum9a has ! opposite effect2 lime makes a h>d] glass2 lead gives lu/re1 increases fusibility1 & height5s ! refractive p[]4 ,h5ce 9 glass :i* is to be cut & poli%$ ! employm5t ( lead 9 suffici5t quantity is a factor ( ! highe/ importance4 ,?is is a po9t to be specially not$ 9 connection ) ,engli% glass4 ,lead--*iefly ! oxides kn[n z li?>ge & m9ium--9 small quantities has long be5 employ$1 ! introduction ( ! metal s]v+ z a flux1 b lead glass 0 g5]ally avoid$ z be+ too brittle4 ,m]ret1 writ+ 9 #affb1 rem>ks t c\ld ?is glass be made z t\gh z cry/all9e1 8x w\ld f> surpass x 9 ! glory & beauty ( its col\rs40 ,x w be not$ t ! two k9ds ( glass 9 :i* lead is us$ 9 quantity are fl9t glass & cry/al4 ,! l>g] ! am\nt ( lead ! great] ! beauty & brilliancy ( ! product1 a result due1 z previ\sly intimat$1 to ! increase 9 refractive p[] t is br\ght ab\t by its addition4 ,fl9t glass d]ives its "n f ! fact t 9 ,engl& ! silica1 :i* is ! ma9 con/itu5t ( all glass1 0 procur$ f fl9ts :i* 7 calc9$ & pulv]is$4 ,be+ highly refractive x is ext5sively employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( optical in/rum5ts--telescopes1 microscopes1 etc4 ,qu>tz & f9e s& are n[ us$ 9 ! place ( fl9ts4 ,! glass is s(t1 & h5ce easily scrat*$ & dull$4 ,x is ess5tial t only ! pure/ mat]ials be employ$1 & special furnaces & pots are ne$$4 ,fl9t glass 0 kn[n 9 q e>ly times4 ,x 0 probably discov]$ by accid5t t c]ta9 /ones 7 fusible1 = fossil glass is f\nd 9 _m places :]e great fires h be54 ,volcanic glass--obsidian--is a well-kn[n sub/ance1 :ile !re exi/ 9 ,scotl& anci5t =ts1 ! /ones ( :i* h be5 fus$ toge!r by ! action ( heat4 ,! ,v5etians us$ qu>tz 9 pref]5ce to s&1 s9ce ! latt] 0 liable to conta9 impurities1 & ! ,v5etian craftsm5 :o settl$ 9 ,engl& 7 accu/om$ to ensure ! purity ( _! silica by calc9+ fl9ts4 ,cr[n glass is ! f9e/ sort ( ord9>y w9d[ glass4 ,plate glass is ! sup]ior k9d ( ?ick glass us$ = mirrors1 %op w9d[s1 etc4 ,x w be not$ t x is ! only k9d ( glass :i* conta9s soda4 ,! process ( glass manufacture comprises ?ree /ages1 mix+1 melt+1 & bl[+4 ,! v>i\s +r$i5ts are fir/ f9ely gr\nd & !n ?or\ghly mix$ by ! aid ( a mix]1 =m+ :at is kn[n z ! 8bat*40 ,?is is plac$ 9 melt+ pots4 ,^! are crucibles ( fire-clay1 i4e4 clay capable ( )/&+ ! action ( heat4 ,! clay mu/ be ( ! f9e/ quality1 & be c>efully fre$ f extrane\s matt]s :i* might affect ! quality ( ! glass4 ,h5ce ! manufacture ( ! 8pots0 is itself an indu/ry ( "s importance1 & z ea* co/s "s #aj1 !y =m an important item 9 ! exp5se ( manufacture1 especially z ! pots are %ort-liv$1 "s eight to t5 weeks be+ ! av]age life ( "o ( !m4 ,! ord9>y pot is an inv]t$ section ( a cone1 ! apex be+ clos$4 ,= fl9t glass a cov]$ pot is ess5tial1 ! =m ord9>ily adopt$ be+ a bell-j> clos$ at ! bottom & ) an ar*$ op5+ at ! top4 ,ea* pot holds f t5 to fifte5 cwt4 ( ! 8bat*40 ,:5 full1 ! pots are plac$ 9 specially con/ruct$ furnaces1 hold+ f five to fifte5 pots1 & capable ( produc+ a temp]ature ( f #aj1jjj to #ab1jjj ,f4 ,! details ( ! fir+ are intricate & int]e/+ b h no direct be>+ on our purpose2 _! object is to produce complete fusion1 to all[ = ! removal ( all impurities1 & to ensure ! homog5eity ( ! product4 ,! f9al /age ) :i* we are conc]n$ is t ( bl[+1 s9ce all table glass1 wor?y ( be+ call$ table glass1 is bl[n4 ,9 o!r words1 e decant]1 vase1 tumbl]1 & w9e glass ( ! bett] sort beg9s its exi/5ce z a bubble ( molt5 glass at ! end ( an iron tube--! glass-bl[]'s tube--& owes its =m to ! delicate t\*es ( simple tools held 9 a skilful h& & guid$ by a tra9$ eye4 ,x is ?is fact :i* gives glass its individuality4 ,!re is no h>d-&-fa/ rig\r ( l9e1 no me*anical uni=mity ( %ape1 su* z is associat$ ) ma*9e-made goods2 ev5 ! simple/ w9e glass is an individual ?+1 :i* ! ta/e ( ! craftsman has end[$ ) arti/ic di/9ction :il/ reta9+ its simplicity ( =m4 ,x is a matt] = regret t ! glass-bl[]'s art is s]i\sly ?reat5$ 9 ^! latt] days ( hurry & competition4 ,! dem& = *eap glass has l$ to ! introduction ( bl[+ ma*9es1 9 :i* ! bubble ( molt5 glass is tak5 up by "o ( _m bl[+ tubes1 & plac$ inside a m\ld1 air be+ driv5 by ma*9]y ?r\gh ! o!r end ( ! tube & inflat+ ! bubble until x t\*es ! sides ( its m\ld4 ,! budd+ craftsman ?us loses ! practice ( bl[+ ^! simpl] =ms1 & z he is n[ =bidd5 to "w at ! furnaces until he is ov] f\rte51 he (t5 fails to acquire t lightness & dext]ity ( h& :i* are ! m>k ( ! fir/-rate craftsman1 & :i* c be mo/ readily ga9$ 9 e>ly life4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 no reason :y common vessels %\ld n be produc$ 9 ?is way1 & tumbl]s1 decant]s1 & lamp glasses are s manufactur$ 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,ne$less to say1 m\ld$ or press$ glass has little value1 ei!r intr9sic or arti/ic1 9 ! collector's eye1 unless x has acquir$ di/9ction on acc\nt ( its age2 = m\ld$ or press$ glass has be5 kn[n f e>ly times1 & x is ( ! great] int]e/1 s9ce only ,engli% glass1 i4e4 fl9t glass1 or glass ( simil> *>act]i/ics1 c pr(itably be s dealt )4 ,x w be readily und]/ood t only glass ( a l[ melt+ po9t1 :i* does n quickly solidify1 & :i* at ! mom5t ( solidification exp&s & fills out ! int]/ices ( ! m\ld1 c be successfully treat$ 9 ?is way4 ,"o b> to ! ext5sive use ( ?is =m ( glass 0 ! co/ ( ! ess5tial lead & pota%4 ,^! are (t5 n[ replac$ by b>yta & lime1 ) ! result t a v suitable glass is produc$1 :i* conta9s no appreciable quantity ( ei!r lead or pota%4 ,! art ( glass-cutt+ 9 ,europe dates back to ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 x 0 ext5sively practis$ on ! ,cont95t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,bohemia4 ,! e>lie/ examples 7 probably imitat$ f ! rock-cry/al cups ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome4 ,!re is no d\bt t 9 bo? ^! c\ntries ! art 0 practis$ = ! ornam5tation ( ! fam\s cry/all9um1 :il/ "s vessels 7 und\bt$ly cut out ( ! solid block4 ,! discov]y ( fl9t glass revolutionis$ ! art ( glass ornam5tation4 ,! /rong refractive p[]s ( ! new glass made x specially suitable = cutt+1 :i* br\ght out a wond]ful fire & sp>kle t ev5 ! f9e/ art ( ,bohemia & ,v5ice _h n be5 able to atta94 ,at fir/1 ( c\rse1 ! ,engli% craftsm5 7 f> inf]ior 9 arti/ic m]it--bo? z reg>ds design & execution--to ^? ( ,bohemia2 b ! sup]ior brilliancy ( ! metal aton$ to a great ext5t = ! defici5cies ( ! workm51 & ,e>ly ,engli% cut w9e glasses & pun* glasses are by no means to be despis$4 8,l'article ,anglais solide et con=table1 mais sans lgance10 spread ! fame & fa%ion ( ,engli% glass ?r\gh\t ! ,cont95t &1 incid5tally1 ov] ! _w4 ,! e>lie/ examples ( ,engli% cut glass are p]haps ! ?i/le-%ap$ glasses1 orig9ally fa%ion$ 9 ,bohemia b adopt$ by ,scotl& z repres5t+ ! national emblem4 ,ap>t f ^!1 ! ogee-%ape 0 mo/ commonly select$ z be+ m am5able to arti/ic treatm5t ?an ! bell4 ,! /em is usually knopp$ & cut into facets1 & is inv>iably hexagonal 9 %ape4 ,! cutt+ is cont9u$ beyond ! top ( ! /em on to ! l[] "p ( ! b[l1 s z to give a k9d ( f9i%4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 ! cutt+ is made to include ! b[l 9 a s*eme ( decoration1 & ! rim is engrav$ ) conv5tional designs1 wrea?s ( fl[]s1 etc4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! facets became long flutes4 ,! process te*nically kn[n z glass-cutt+ is ess5tially "o ( gr9d+ & poli%+4 ,! gr9d+ is done by a :eel1 made ( ca/-iron1 & made to rotate rapidly by a cont9u\s b& pass+ ov] a revolv+ %aft4 ,above ! :eel is a receptacle conta9+ s& & wat]1 :i* c be f$ on to ! :eel z desir$4 ,smoo?+ is done by a s&/one :eel1 simil>ly m\nt$1 & poli%+ by a wood5 "o f$ ) putty p[d]4 ,! craftsman holds 8 piece 9 ! h&1 press+ x aga9/ ! rotat+ :eel4 ,engrav+ is really v f9e gr9d+1 done usually ) a copp] :eel or1 r1 disk1 :il/ et*+ is done by coat+ ! glass ) wax1 or "s simil> protective sub/ance1 scrat*+ ! patt]n ?r\gh ! wax & !n subject+ ! piece to ! action ( hydr(luoric acid4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t only ! be/ k9ds ( glass are cut by a me?od :i* makes su* dem&s on ! "t & skill ( ! workman2 ! *eap] k9ds ( glass are all m\ld$ or 8press$40 ,press$ glass is also ess5tially ,engli%1 no o!r k9d1 save fl9t glass1 be+ suitable = treatm5t 9 ?is way4 ,x is1 9 ! fir/ place1 ess5tial to obta9 a metal :i* has a l[ melt+ po9t1 & "o :i* does n %r9k 9 solidify+1 z t w\ld draw x away f ! sides ( ! m\ld1 & s effectively spoil ! design4 ,! l[ melt+ po9t ( ! metal enables ! product to be 8fire poli%$40 ,9 ?is process x is reheat$ to a po9t suffici5t to melt a ?9 surface lay]1 & s remove any r\ghness due to ! process ( m\ld+1 & leave a smoo? bright surface4 ,! art ( press+ glass has be5 br\ght to a high degree ( p]fection1 elaborate decorations be+ produc$ ) ease4 ,! co/ ( ! process1 too1 has 9 rec5t ye>s be5 less5$ by ! use ( b>yta & lime1 9 ! place ( lead & pota%1 & 9 ?is way ! output has be5 greatly *eap5$1 :ile b>yta glass1 if inf]ior 9 sp>kle to lead glass1 is yet f> m brilliant ?an ord9>y glass4 ,! problem h[ to di/+ui% real old glass f mod]n imitations is "o t besets ! collector at e /age ( 8 progress4 ,a few specim5s supply _! own te/imony 9 ! %ape ( a date1 b x is by no means impossible to engrave a date on a piece ( speci\s-look+ real antiquity1 & s give x a fictiti\s value1 by mak+ x appe> 8! ?+ :i* x is n40 ,z to ! "* ( ! glasses !mselves1 %ape alone is no crit]ion ( age4 ,ap>t f ! possibility ( delib]ate imitation1 x does n foll[ t because a piece is pond]\s1 clumsy 9 appe>ance &1 to a mod]n eye1 unduly capaci\s1 t x is necess>ily an e>ly piece4 ,"r f ! beg9n+ ( glass manufacture 9 ,engl&1 two qualities1 at lea/1 7 und\bt$ly manufactur$2 ! bett] to ornam5t ! tables ( ! great1 & ! poor] = s]vice 9 kit*5 & tav]n4 ,:]eas articles ( ! =m] 7 z da9ty & arti/ic z ! skill ( ! craftsman w\ld all[1 ! latt] 7 r\ghly made & delib]ately pond]\s to be> ! r\gh] usage to :i* !y 7 subject$4 ,z ! same practice cont9ues up to ! pres5t day1 x foll[s t !re is 9 exi/5ce a consid]able quantity ( common glass ) all ! attributes1 z f> z %ape & clums9ess ( =m are conc]n$1 ( t ( an e>li] p]iod4 ,possibly ! appe>ance ( ! metal & ! /yle ( workman%ip are z reliable guides z any o!rs4 ,! metal ( ! e>lie/ glasses 0 by no means p]fect4 ,in/ead ( ! beautiful cl>ity & p]fect transp>5cy we are accu/om$ to associate ) glass1 !re is (t5 a /reak9ess or cl\d9ess visible 9 ! mat]ial1 toge!r ) num]\s bubbles & flaws4 ,if ! /riations are horizontal1 ! glass is ( an e>li] type ?an if !y are p]p5dicul>4 ,! sides ( ! b[l are (t5 irregul>1 & ! /ems are (t5 clumsy1 unev51 badly balanc$1 & altoge!r disproportionate 9 po9t ( size to an eye accu/om$ to ! sl5d]] /yle ( mod]n glassw>e4 ,an important po9t is ! junction betwe5 ! b[l & ! /em4 ,= "s extraord9>y reason1 ! weld+ ( ! two seems to h giv5 ! anci5t glass-bl[]s consid]able tr\ble1 & ! jo9 is (t5 too cle>ly p]ceptible4 ,h5ce ! collector :o comes across an app>5tly anci5t piece be>+ evid5t signs ( clumsy jo9+ %\ld give x m ?an casual att5tion4 ,sometimes1 to obviate ! difficulty1 ! base ( ! b[l 0 made into a k9d ( knop1 & at o!r times ! junction 0 hidd5 by an irregul> b&--! prototype ( ! coll> :i* s (t5 appe>$ 9 glasses ( a some:at lat] p]iod4 ,! bubble :i* appe>s 9 _m /ems 0 probably ! outcome ( accid5t & possibly ( an attempt to imitate ! holl[ /ems ( ,v5etian glass4 ,x is wor?y ( note t :il/ ! bubble is almo/ inv>iably pres5t 9 ! bas] =ms ( e>ly eighte5?-c5tury glass1 x is frequ5tly abs5t f ! f9] v>ieties4 ,ano!r po9t ( diff]5ce is t ! bett] specim5s r>ely h ! fold$ foot1 :i* is inv>iably pres5t 9 ! co>s] makes1 ! turn+ "u ( ! rim1 :il/ pla/ic1 to make a k9d ( welt1 be+ an obvi\s precaution aga9/ ! r\gh] usage to :i* !y 7 inevitably subject$4 ,sometimes ! feet 7 dom$1 b ^! 7 difficult to make & ! numb]s 7 re/rict$4 ,9 "s specim5s ridges or ribs are =m$ on ! upp] & l[] sides ( ! foot4 ,! e>lie/ glasses 7 devoid ( any attempt at decorative engrav+1 & ^! pla9 glasses may also be r\ghly classifi$ by not+ :e!r ! glass re/s on ! flat ( ! foot or on ! rim only4 ,! =m] are ( ! e>li] type4 ,among ! te/s :i* ! collector might apply are ! foll[+3-- ,note :e!r ! glass r+s cle> & sweet 9 tone4 ,9 twi/$ /ems1 note :e!r ! /em twi/s to ! left or ! "r4 ,! g5u9e glasses h almo/ inv>iably /ems twi/$ to ! left4 ,9 opaque-twi/$ /ems1 note p>ticul>ly ! col\r ( ! spiral4 ,9 ! =g]ies ! opacity is less def9ite1 ! twi/ (t5 hav+ a k9d ( transluc5t look4 ,g5u9e old glass (t5 has a cl\dy t+e ) frequ5tly a tone ( /eely blue4 ,=g]ies may %[ a gre5i% t9t4 ,9 old glass ! c5tre ( ! base1 :]e ! piece 01 aft] be+ f9i%$1 knock$ (f ! pontil1 is g5]ally left r\gh2 9 ! imitations x is g5]ally gr\nd smoo?4 ,! foot ( a g5u9e old glass is nev] q flat1 !re is always a slope--sometimes a v pron\nc$ "o--f ! c5tre to ! edge4 ,! mod]n imitation1 usually made abroad1 (t5 has a p]fectly flat foot4 ,! edge ( ! b[l 9 a g5u9e old glass is always r\nd$1 nev] left h>d & %>p4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,engli% ,,glass ,! e>ly hi/ory ( glass manufacture 9 ,brita9 is decid$ly obscure4 ,! e>lie/ specim5s ( ! art extant are c]ta9 col\r$ beads1 kn[n z 8aggry0 beads4 ,_m ( ^! exi/1 "s probably ( ,phnician orig91 o!rs dat+ f ! ,roman occupation ( ,brita9--be+ made ei!r by ! ,romans !mselves or by a ,briti% craftsman "u ,roman tuition4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ! ,romans did introduce ! mak+ ( glass into ?is c\ntry1 = glass 0 an indisp5sable adjunct to ,roman life4 ,moreov]1 x 0 ! cu/om = ! conqu]or to tra9 ! conqu]$ 9 8 own arts1 & ! ,roman h&icrafts foll[$ ! ,roman ,eagle4 ,9 any case1 ! art ( glass-mak+ _h1 accord+ to ,pl9y1 ext5d$ to ,gaul1 & !re seems no reason :y x %\ld n also h cross$ ! ,*annel4 ,un=tunately1 !re is no evid5ce t x did4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 evid5ce t glass-mak+ 0 c>ri$ on 9 ,anglo-,saxon times--_m specim5s ( ,anglo-,saxon bead-"w1 etc41 hav+ be5 f\nd 9 b>r[s1 tumuli1 & bury+-places 9 g5]al4 ,!y are compos$ ( an opaque1 vitre\s pa/e--:i* 9 places approa*es transluc5cy4 ,un=tunately1 ! mat]ials employ$ 7 impure1 & ! mat]ial has consequ5tly dis9tegrat$ ) "t1 mak+ x a matt] ( exce$+ difficulty to det]m9e its orig9al texture & appe>ance4 ,! decoration1 bo? z reg>ds col\r+ & design1 is primitive4 ,! col\r is crude1 & ! patt]ns consi/ ma9ly ( simple geometrical figures1 circles1 *evrons1 /ripes1 spirals1 & s =?4 ,possibly aft] ! ,roman )drawal 9 #daj1 ! art fell into abeyance1 z did mu* ( ! civilisation impos$ by ! ,romans1 reviv+ aga9 :5 ! v>i\s ,anglo-,saxon units began to develop a civilisation ( _! own1 & to pass ?r\gh v>i\s conf$]acies into a s+le k+dom4 ,b$e writes t 9 #fge 8,b5$ict ,biscop0 s5t = glass-work]s f ,france to glaze ! w9d[s ( ! *ur* at ,we>m\?1 & t !y taught ! ,engli% _! h&icraft1 mak+ n only w9d[s b vessels4 ,! art mu/1 h[ev]1 h surviv$ 9 c]ta9 places1 = numb]s ( vessels :i* c be ref]r$1 on ! au?ority ( illum9at$ ,,mss41 etc41 to ,saxon times1 are 9 exi/5ce4 ,su* specim5s include 7a7 vases1 ornam5t$ ) ribs & appli$ lobes4 ,^! are probably ( ,g]man orig91 & 7 introduc$ into ,brita9 by ! ,saxon invad]s4 7b7 ,trumpet-%ap$ cups1 ribb$1 or /r+$1 or flut$4 ,^! h no base on :i* to /&1 & are probably ( ,engli% manufacture1 dat+ f ! latt] half ( ! six? c5tury1 7c7 ,! ?ird type is ! 8palm0 cup1 %ap$ s z to be conv5i5tly held 9 ! palm ( ! h&1 hav+ no bottom on :i* to /&2 & 7d7 b[ls ( v>i\s %apes4 ,! palm cups & b[ls belong to ! eigh? & n9? c5turies1 & lat]4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! dates giv5 c only be r\ghly approximate1 & t ! v>i\s p]iods fuse "o into ! o!r1 s t !re is no def9ite l9e ( dem>cation4 ,moreov]1 !re is no def9ite pro( t glass vessels 7 made 9 ,engl& dur+ ,saxon times1 save only su* ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,saxon ,glass4--#a1 #b1 #c1 ,trumpet ,cups2 #d1 a ,ribb$ & ,lob$ ,vase2 #e-i1 ,palm ,cups & ,vases4 /atem5ts z t ( ! ,v5]able ,b$e previ\sly ref]r$ to4 ,only1 :ile simil> vessels are f\nd bo? 9 ,france & ,g]many1 x is claim$ t a great] numb] & a great] v>iety are f\nd 9 ,engl&1 ! inf]5ce be+ t !y 7 made 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,s rem>kable is ! paucity ( evid5ce & s absolute ! de>? ( au!nticat$ examples 9 ^! ,d>k ,ages ( glass manufacture1 t x has (t5 be5 ass]t$ t no glass vessels 7 made 9 ,engl& be=e ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,glass vessels 71 ( c\rse1 kn[n & us$1 b ^! 7 probably1 9 ! ma9 at any rate1 import$ f ,v5ice & ! ,ea/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is kn[n t be=e ! ?irte5? c5tury w9d[ glass--bl[n glass too1 & n ca/ glass--0 made1 & v successfully4 ,inde$1 old ,engli% col\r$ glass 0 p>ticul>ly f9e1 & ?is be+ s1 x is n easy to und]/& :y ! same art %\ld n be appli$ to vessels4 ,co>se glass vessels 7 c]ta9ly made at a v e>ly date4 ,! records ( ,*idd+fold ref] to ,laur5ce ,vitre>ius 9 #abcj1 ,william le ,v]ir 9 #acja1 & ,john ,glasewry? 9 #achj4 ,! record1 9 its transition f ,lat9 to ,norman-,fr5*1 & !n to ,anglo-,saxon1 has its philological int]e/ z well1 b x may be m5tion$ t ,john ! ,glasewry? made bo? 8brode glas & vessel40 ,!re is1 too1 9 exi/5ce an anci5t cup ( glass1 dis9t]r$ f a tomb 9 ,pet]bor\gh ,abbey ,*ur*1 :i*1 f ! records ( ! ,abbey1 mu/ h be5 buri$ !re1 9 all probability1 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! acc\nts ( ,h5ry1 ! second son ( ,edw>d ,i41 :o di$ 9 #abgd1 !re is m5tion$ ! pur*ase ( a glass cup = ! sum ( twop5ce halfp5ny1 a fact :i* seems to imply t to be sold s *eaply ! vessel mu/ h be5 ( dome/ic manufacture4 ,x %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be =gott5 t ?is sum repres5t$ ! daily wage ( a skill$ artisan 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,taxation ,roll ( ,col*e/] 9 #abie1 ?ree ( ! pr9cipal burgesses are ref]r$ to z 8v]r]s10 & x seems h>dly likely t s _m important citiz5s 7 m]ely glazi]s & n glass-mak]s4 ,h[ev]1 x is m ?an probable t ! use ( glass 0 conf9$ to ! noble & weal?y1 :ile ! common folk us$ vessels made ( wood1 horn1 or lea!r4 ,! 8,lea!r ,bottel0 has pass$ into a prov]b1 & ! ,black ,jack 0 s univ]sal 9 its use t ! ,fr5*1 naturally curi\s z to ,engli% habits1 ref]r$ to u z a nation ( savages :o habitually drank out ( _! boots4 ,x foll[s t ! ,black ,jack ( ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5tury _h few ( ! graces ( its silv]-m\nt$ & ari/ocratic desc5dant ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x might be fur!r sugge/$ t ,engli% habits & cu/oms 9 ^? e>ly times 7 n su* z to make fragile dr9k+ vessels ei!r useful or acceptable4 ,^? t did exi/ 7 probably r valu$ curiosities ?an articles ( ev]yday utility4 ,!re 01 und\bt$ly1 produc$ dur+ ?is p]iod consid]able quantities ( w9d[ glass1 mu* ( x highly decorat$1 & exhibit+ *>act]i/ics peculi> to ! p]iod to :i* x belongs1 s t exp]ts f9d little difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! vig\r ( ! ?irte5? & ! brilliancy ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x w\ld appe>1 too1 t ! home product won an increas+ appreciation f ! ar*itects :o employ$ x 9 _! build+s2 = :]eas 9 #aedg ! contractor b9ds himself n to use x = ! w9d[s ( ! ,beau*amp ,*apel at ,w>wick1 9 #adhe x is m5tion$ 9 su* a way z to imply t x 0 ei!r bett] or de>]1 or bo?1 ?an 8,dut*1 ,v5ice1 or ,norm&y glass40 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 ! fa%ion ( us+ vessels ( glass became almo/ univ]sal 9 ! we/ ( ,europe4 ,mo/ ( ^! came f ,v5ice1 &1 spurr$ by ! desire ( e/abli%+ s lucrative an indu/ry at home1 ! rul]s ( v>i\s c\ntries--notably ,france1 ,holl&1 & ,engl&--s\ght to induce ,v5etian craftsm5 to settle 9 !m4 ,! glass-work]s ( ,murano--! great glass-mak+ c5tre 9 ,v5ice--71 h[ev]1 a close corporation1 ! workm5 be+ /r+5tly b\nd1 "u p5alty ( dea?1 n to c>ry _! trade secrets to any o!r c\ntry or to tea* !m to =eign]s4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 eight ,muranese glass-work]s 7 induc$ to settle 9 ,engl& 9 #aedi1 & built _! furnace 9 ! mona/]y ( ! ,crut*$ ,fri>s--"o ( ! m9or ord]s4 ,!y d]iv$ _! "n ,crut*$ 7i4e4 ,cross$7 f ! ornam5tal cross :i* adorn$ _! habits4 ,( ! eight1 sev5 return$ to ,v5ice 9 #aeea1 hav+ previ\sly petition$ ! ,c\ncil ( ,t5 to remit ! p5alties aga9/ !m4 ,x is a reasonable assumption--b /ill only an assumption--t dur+ _! /ay !y did mu* to fur!r ! art ( glass-mak+1 al?\gh !y m]ely produc$ glass & s$ul\sly refra9$ f tea*+ _! 8my/]y40 ,! 8,brevi>y ( ,philosophy10 publi%$ 9 #aeeg1 rem>ks3 8,z to glassemak]s !y be scant 9 ?is l& ,yet "o !re is z ,i doe und]/&1 ,& 9 ,sussex is n[ 8 habitacion1 ,at ,*idd+fold he works by 8 occupacion40 ,evid5tly1 !re=e1 ! old ,sussex indu/ry _h surviv$4 ,! product ( ! ,*idd+fold furnaces 0 probably1 h[ev]1 a co>se gre5 glass1 & by no means to be comp>$ ) ! ,v5etian article4 ,9 #aefd ,cornelius de ,lannoy1 an al*emi/ f ! ,ne!rl&s1 came to ,engl&1 at ! invitation ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 to tea* ! art ( glass-mak+ z practis$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,he took up 8 abode & set up 8 furnace 9 ,som]set ,h\se4 ,he fail$1 h[ev]1 ) ! mat]ials !n available1 to produce any v effective results2 9 p>ticul>1 ! clay us$ = ! pots fail$ to )/& ! great heat requir$ to produce transp>5t glass4 ,moreov]1 de ,lannoy prov$ to be m al*emi/ ?an glass-mak]1 & left v>i\s p]sons 9 ,engl& ! poor] = _! que/ aft] ! philosoph]'s /one :i* !y _h und]tak5 "u 8 guidance4 ,9 #aefg ,pi]re ,briet & ,jean ,c>r s\ght a lic5ce to make glass aft] ! ,fr5* fa%ion1 & to tea* to ,engli% craftsm5 ! art ( its manufacture z practis$ 9 ,lorra9e & ,norm&y4 ,elizabe?1 always ) an eye to ! ma9 *ance1 made no difficulty &1 jo9+ =ces ) a rival lic5cee1 ,beck]1 set up 9 opposition to ! ,engli% glass-mak]s 9 ,sussex & lat] at ,/\rbridge & ,newca/le4 ,! fact t ! native work]s op5ly confess$ _! inability to compete ) ! ,fr5* craftsm5 did n prev5t _! /irr+ up a /rong opposition aga9/ !m1 :i* f\nd v5t 9 popul> tumult &1 9 at lea/ "o in/ance1 9 a conspiracy to murd] ! work]s1 pillage _! /ores & de/roy _! furnaces4 ,!re seems little d\bt1 h[ev]1 t _! pres5ce mu/ h influ5c$ ! quality ( ,engli% glass & giv5 an impetus to its manufacture4 ,s did ! adv5t ( political & religi\s refugees f ! ,l[ ,c\ntries & f ,france1 & also1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 to a f> great] degree1 ! influx ( ,fr5* artisans 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury aft] ! revocation ( ! fam\s ,edict ( ,nantes4 ,9 spite ( _! ef=ts1 h[ev]1 x does n appe> t ! importation ( f9e ,v5etian glass 0 9 any way *eck$2 x cont9u$1 inde$1 on an ext5sive scale = a long "t aft]4 ,! mo/ fam\s "n 9 ! hi/ory ( ,elizabe?an glass manufacture is t ( ,jacob ,v]zel9i1 :o came to ,london 9 #aege & /ay$ = ! rema9d] ( 8 life--ab\t ?irty ye>s4 ,he obta9$ a pat5t giv+ him ! monopoly ( manufactur+ glass aft] ! ,v5etian /yle = tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,he set up 8 e/abli%m5t 9 ! hall ( ! ,crut*$ ,fri>s1 :]e ! eight ,v5etians _h built _! furnace 9 #aedi1 & !re made 8glass ( div]s sorts to dr9k 940 ,!re is little d\bt z to 8 success1 al?\gh1 ) "o possible exception1 no tangible evid5ce ( x rema9s4 ,b if "o may judge by ! v consid]able outcry t arose at ?is p]iod aga9/ p]mitt+ =eign]s to practise ! art ( glass-mak+ to ! detrim5t ( native practition]s1 he succe$$ suffici5tly well to ar\se a /rong feel+ ( jeal\sy4 ,?is 0 int5sifi$ by ! trad]s :o _h hi!rto sold import$ ,v5etian glass1 & ! seam5 :o c>ri$ x 9 _! vessels & :o n[ saw _! livelihood m5ac$4 ,! g5]al public1 too1 %[$ itself greatly conc]n$ ov] ! great consumption ( wood 9 ! glass-h\ses4 ,inde$1 dur+ ?is p]iod ! wa/+ ( ! woods 0 a g5]al compla9t :]ev] furnaces 7 set up4 ,s /rong 0 ?is feel+1 inde$1 t 9 #aehd an act 0 pass$ aga9/ ! mak+ ( glass by /rang]s & outl&i% m5 & = ! pres]vation ( woods spoil$ by glass-h\ses2 & 9 #aehi1 ! ye> aft] ! ,armada1 x 0 propos$ to r$uce ! numb] ( glass-h\ses f fifte5 to f\r1 transf]r+ ! re/ to ,irel&1 :]e ! loss ( trees did n matt] s mu*1 ! timb] n be+ urg5tly ne$$1 z 9 ,engl&1 = ! purpose ( %ipbuild+4 ,"o curi\s fact is t = a long "t--f ! twelf? c5tury at lea/ 9 unbrok5 record--,engli% w9d[ glass ( a high ord] _h be5 produc$1 z witness ! w9d[s ( ,k+'s ,college ,*apel at ,cambridge1 :i* date f #aeae-ca2 & x seems impossible to conceive t1 ) ,v5etian & ,ea/]n glass to copy1 ! craftsm5 :o produc$ ! w9d[s %\ld n h also turn$ _! skill to ! mak+ ( dr9k+ vessels1 p>ticul>ly z ! fa%ion = vessels ( glass _h /rongly set 94 8,x is a _w to see 9 ^! our daies :]e9 gold & silv] mo/ ab\nde? h[ t our g5tilitie z lo?+ ^! mettals 7because ( ! pl5tie7 d n[ g5]alie *oose r ! ,v5ice glasses bo? = our w9e & be]e ?an anie ( ^? mettals or /one :]e9 be=etime we h be5e accu/om$ to dr9k4444 8,! poore/ also w h glasse if !y may b si? ! ,v5eccian is some:at too de]e = !m !y cont5t !mselves ) su* z are made at home ( f]ne & burn$ /one1 b 9 f9e all g "o way t is to %>ds at ! la/40 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ,sir ,ri*>d ,mansel appli$ 9 #afbd = a pat5t to manufacture glass & to tra9 ,engli%m5 9 ! art1 x 0 oppos$1 on ! gr\nd t fifty ye>s be=e a simil> pat5t _h be5 grant$ to ,jacob ,v]zel9i & t x _h be5 altoge!r neglect$1 & v few ,engli%m5 _h be5 br\ght up 9 ! art4 ,mansel1 9 8 reply1 /at$ t he himself _h br\ght _m /rang]s f beyond seas to in/ruct 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 9 mak+ all sorts ( glass1 cry/all9e1 ,murano1 spectacle glasses1 & mirror plates4 ,i h /at$ ^! facts 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,engli% glass at "s l5g? n only = _! intr9sic int]e/1 b also to illu/rate ! curi\s fact t j z !re is f ,saxon times to #aeej a gap 9 ! hi/ory ( its manufacture1 :i* no au!nticat$ examples assi/ to fill1 s f ! accession ( ,que5 ,elizabe? to t ( ,k+ ,*>les ,i4 !re exi/ to-day v few indisputable examples ( ! ,engli% glass-bl[]'s art ( ?is p]iod2 & yet x is h>dly possible to believe t !y 7 n produc$ 9 consid]able quantity4 ,=1 9 spite ( specim5s be>+ ! ,tudor rose--an ornam5t1 by ! way1 l>gely employ$ at a lat] date--& ( o!rs ) detail$ & m or less accr$it$ hi/ories1 8,elizabe?an glass10 s glibly spok5 ( by "s collectors1 is *iefly conspicu\s by its abs5ce4 ,happy1 !re=e1 ! collector :o acquires ev5 a dubi\s example4 ,"o fam\s specim5 :i* may safely be assum$ to be au!ntic is t f ! ,briti% ,museum ,collection %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,?is dr9k+ cup or goblet /&s ab\t #e 94 9 height & be>s ! initials ,g4 ,s4--probably ^? ( ! p]son = :om x 0 made--! date #aehf1 & ! motto1 8,,93 ,,god3 ,,is3 ,,al3 ,,my3 ,,trv/40 ,exp]ts g5]ally concur 9 attribut+ x to ,jacob ,v]zel9i4 ,f\r ye>s aft] ! ,armada1 ,elizabe? grant$ to "o ,?omas ,b[es a monopoly to make dr9k+ glasses 8to be z good *eape or bett] *eape ?an ^? import$ f ,v5ice40 ,z to ! success ( 8 v5ture hi/ory is sil5t4 ,9 ! reign ( h] successor--t ,briti% ,solomon1 ,james ,i4--glass-mak+ seems1 h[ev]1 to h made consid]able progress2 = 9 #afaj a lic5ce 0 grant$ = 8! inv5tion ( coal-heat$ glass-h\ses10 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ,sir ,edw>d ,z\*e exp5d$ no less a sum ?an #ejjj 9 erect+ glass-h\ses 9 ,lambe? & p]fect+ ! production ( glass ) sea-coal4 ,?is *ange is a mom5t\s "o 9 ! hi/ory ( glass-mak+1 inasmu* z x became necess>y to cov] ! pots1 & ?is br\ght ab\t v>i\s improvem5ts4 ,!y are ma9ly associat$ ) ! "n ( ,p]cival1 & x is to be presum$ t !y includ$ ! introduction ( oxide ( lead into ! frit 9 quantity1 ) ! result ( produc+ a m brilliant cry/al ?an _h yet be5 produc$4 ,f ?is "t ,engli% glass began to acquire fame1 & ! indu/ry became a def9itely ,briti% art4 ,"o outcome ( ?is *ange 9 ! me?od ( manufacture 0 t ! indu/ry became localis$1 ! glass-h\ses spr++ up 9 ^? di/ricts :]e x 0 easy to obta9 fuel z on ! coal-fields1 :]e ! s& 0 ( exceptional quality z at ,reigate1 or :]e !re 0 an abundance ( clay suitable = mak+ ! pots z at ,/\rbridge4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ discov]ies 9 connection ) ! hi/ory ( ! glass indu/ry 9 ,engl& 0 made "s sixty or sev5ty ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,,an ,,e>ly ,,elizabe?an ,,glass1 ,,dat$ #aehf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,,an ,,old ,,engli% ,,glass ,,tank>d ,,& ,,cov]4 ye>s ago at ! little ,hamp%ire village ( ,buckholt ,wood4 ,excavations "h br\ght to light fragm5ts ( glass1 "s cle>1 o!rs ) a gre5i% or blui% t+e1 evid5tly portions ( brok5 vessels ( v>i\s k9ds--dr9k+ glasses1 jugs1 bottles1 & s =?4 ,^! 7 9 su* quantity t x 0 evid5t *ance _h br\ght to light "o ( ! old glass-h\ses1 :i* 7 f\nd$ 9 well-wood$ di/ricts1 & kept go+ z long z suffici5t wood rema9$ to burn4 ,we h se5 h[1 9 ! beg9n+1 ,engli% glass-work]s 7 a nomad race4 ,z ! woods 9 "o place 7 exhau/$ !y mov$ to fre% fields & =e/s new--mu* to ! annoyance ( ! populace1 :o dep5d$ ^u ^? woods = _! h\sehold fir+1 & ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 :o s\ght to pres]ve !m = ! ma9t5ance ( ! fleet4 ,9 #afae a proclamation 0 made =bidd+ ! use ( wood = glass smelt+1 ! furnaces be+ 9 future compell$ to burn sea-coal or *>coal or o!r fuel4 ,! same ord9ance prohibit$ ! importation ( =eign glass or ! immigration ( =eign glass-work]s4 ,9 ! same ye> ,sir ,ri*>d ,mansel1 a man ( consid]able /&+ 9 ! realm1 :o _h be5 exp]im5t+ 9 glass-mak+ ) ! aid ( ,v5etian workm51 0 grant$ a lic5ce = mak+ glass ) coal1 & set up furnaces 9 ,london & at ,purbeck1 ,mil=d ,hav5 & ,newca/le4 ,x is a matt] = regret t no product ( 8 furnaces is kn[n to exi/ to-day1 a fact ! m surpris+ 9 t 8 lic5ce 0 r5ew$ at v>i\s times1 & s cov]s a consid]able /ret* ( ! mo/ int]e/+ p]iod ( ! art4 ,at any rate we f9d him petition+ 9 #afda t he might be protect$ aga9/ p]sons import+ glass f abroad1 :]eas he 0 pay+ a r5t ( #ajjj p] annum = 8 monopoly4 ,8 "n is m5tion$ z late z #afec1 s t = ne>ly =ty ye>s he controll$1 m or less1 ! bus9ess ( glass production 9 ,engl&4 ,x is a matt] = "s congratulation1 h[ev]1 t ,mansel employ$1 9 "s k9d ( manag]ial capacity 9 8 ,broad ,/reet works1 a c]ta9 ,james ,h[ell1 :o enjoys ! reputation ( be+ "o ( ! livelie/ & mo/ pleas+ writ]s ( ! p]iod4 ,9 ! fam\s ,h[ell's lett]s1 8,epi/ol ,ho-,elian10 :i* 7 publi%$ betwe5 #afde & #afee1 we h a delightful comm5t>y on ! ev5ts ( 8 "t1 & incid5tally a numb] ( curi\s & useful sidelights on ! conduct ( glass manufacture bo? 9 ,engl& & on ! ,cont95t4 ,x is said t ,sir ,k5elm ,digby1 ( ,royali/ fame1 inv5t$ 9 #afcb ! art ( mak+ glass bottles to conta9 ! w9e :i* hi!rto _h be5 drawn /raight f ! wood4 ,b ,fame :i* cr$its him ) ?is discov]y w\ld seem to h =gott5 t 9 ,elizabe?'s "t ale 0 sold 9 glass bottles1 & a qua9t old volume yclept 8,! ,engli% ,h\sewife0 ref]s 9 #aege to r\nd bottles ) n>r[ necks = 8bottle ale10 ! corks be+ ti$ d[n ) /\t /r+4 ,! ,commonweal?1 save = :at may be glean$ f ,h[ell's pages1 adds b little to our k ( glass4 ,! ,puritans 71 p]haps1 m addict$ to sma%+ x1 9 ! =m ( /a9$-glass w9d[s1 ?an manufactur+ x = dome/ic utilities4 ,b ) ! ,re/oration !re came a great *ange4 ,! !n ,duke ( ,buck+ham1 :o appe>s1 l o!rs ( 8 "n1 to h _h a ke5 eye to ! ma9 *ance1 />t$ a glass furnace at ,gre5wi*4 ,9 #affc he petition$ ! ,k+ t he might be grant$ a lic5ce to make mirrors1 he hav+ be5 at great exp5se 9 f9d+ out ! art & my/]y !re(--8a manufactory n kn[n nor h]et(ore us$ 9 ,engl&0--a curi\s contradiction to ,mansel's claim 9 #afbj1 & "o :i* seems to imply t ! ,duke 0 by no means p>ticul> z to :at he said provid$ he might ga9 8 ends4 ,!re 7 numb]s ( competitors at ! "t all claim+ to be ! inv5tors ( cry/al glass4 ,! au?orities1 h[ev]1 aw>d$ ! palm to "o ,?omas ,tilson1 :o 9 #affc 0 grant$ a pat5t1 9 :i* he is describ$ z ! inv5tor ( cry/al glass4 ,x appe>s cle> t ,tilson _h produc$ a mat]ial ( great] m]it ?an any ( 8 pr$ecessors or contempor>ies4 ,x is probable t ?is mat]ial 0 lead glass--fl9t glass z x 0 & is /ill call$4 ,"o po9t 9 support ( ?is !ory is t x 0 too brittle to be us$ 9 mak+ vessels1 & ,tilson consequ5tly conf9$ himself to ! manufacture ( mirrors1 w9d[s = coa*es1 etc4 ,specim5s ( ! "w ( ?is p]iod may be f\nd 9 _m places--c\ntry h\ses1 mansions1 halls1 etc4--?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,at ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace !re are1 = example1 sev]al magnific5t mirrors t te/ify to ! skill ( ! craftsm5--,v5etian & ,engli%--( ?is p]iod4 ,"s ( ! w9d[ glass is ( ! same date & may be readily di/+ui%$ by its mauve t+e--a possible result ( ! action ( light on ! p]oxide ( manganese1 :i* 0 "o ( ! con/itu5ts4 ,at a slightly lat] date o!r glass-h\ses 7 f\nd$ 9 ,lambe?1 ,/\rbridge1 ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 & o!r places1 notably 9 ,surrey & ,sussex4 ,all ?is :ile1 h[ev]1 !re 0 a great trade 9 import$ ,v5etian glass1 :i* ! ,c\ncil 01 "t & aga91 petition$ to prohibit4 ,=tunately bo? = ! future ( ! art ( glass-mak+ 9 ,engl& & = ! *eapness & quality ( ! w>e1 :i* 0 n[ 9 great dem&1 ! ef=ts ( ! protectioni/s 7 unavail+4 ,mu* ( our k ( ! glass ( ! p]iod is due to ! discov]y ( ! trad+ books & ord] %eets ( "o ,john ,gre5e1 :o seems to h dealt 9 import$ glass1 ord]+ f ! ,v5etian furnaces vessels to 8 own specification & design4 ,=tunately "s specim5s ( ^! are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 b x ne$ h>dly be said t examples ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 bo? home manufactur$ & import$1 are ( ! extreme/ r>ity4 ,he w\ld be a =tunate collector :o %\ld discov]1 say1 8a speckl$ em]ald cov]d be]e glasse0 or a 8milk-:it cruet0 ei!r ) or )\t 8feet & e>s ( good hansom fa%ion40 ,9 po9t ( %ape ! ,v5etian & ,engli% glasses ( ?is p]iod diff] v little1 b !re is a consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! "* ( ! metal4 ,! glass f ,v5ice is cold] to ! eye1 :it] & s(t] ?an ! ,engli%1 :i* is m brilliant & ( a peculi> /eely lu/re1 :ile x is f> weighti]--a fact probably due to ! use ( a consid]able proportion ( lead4 ,! ,engli% glasses1 too1 are heavi] 9 appe>ance1 ) /ems1 ?ick & lumpy1 ( ! balu/] type4 ,(t51 too1 ! bulb\s /em is bl[n ) a bubble1 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--;,,an ,,e>ly ,,glass ,,fe$+ ,,cup4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--;,a ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,panel ,,glass1 ,,) ,,portrait ,,( ,,*>les ,,ii4 (t5 ( consid]able size--a primitive attempt at ornam5tation4 ,n unseldom a co9 is ins]t$ 9 ! bulb ( ! /em or ! knop ( ! cov]4 ,"o fam\s example ( ,c>ol9e glass is ! magnific5t posset cup 9 ! possession ( ,miss ,:itmore ,jones1 :i* is %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,?is unmi/akably dates f ! "t ( ,*>les ,,ii4 & is a g5u9e example ( ,engli% art4 ,x 0 probably1 z to design1 copi$ f a ,v5etian model1 b ! texture ( ! glass & ! weight ( ! piece are /rong evid5ces ( its ,engli% orig94 ,) ! accession ( ,william1 ! craft 0 fur!r /imulat$ by ! importation ( _m models1 & possibly craftsm5 f ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,speak+ g5]ally h[ev]1 ! vessels ( ! reigns ( ,william & ( ,anne are b improv$ specim5s ( ^? ( ,*>les4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 h spiral l9es cut r\nd ! /ems1 & are1 to ?is ext5t1 ! prototypes ( ! twi/$ /ems ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! illu/ration ( a fe$+ cup 7,fig4 #c7 provides an excell5t example ( ! "w ( ?is p]iod4 ,its admirable %ape & /yle & its exquisite workman%ip w readily appeal n only to connoisseurs b also to all :o are capable ( appreciat+ arti/ic m]it4 ,9 ,fig4 #e we h portray$ ! prototype ( ! mod]n tank>d4 ,judg+ by ! %ape & /yle x 0 probably an ale glass4 ,b t x 0 int5d$ r z a specim5 to be pres]v$ is evid5c$ f ! fact t a co9 ( ! p]iod has be5 bl[n into ! base4 ,fig4 #f is a photograph %[+ ! co94 ,su* a piece has almo/ ! value ( a dat$ specim51 = ?\gh x 01 ( c\rse1 possible to ins]t a co9 ( any previ\s date1 ! reason = do+ s is by no means obvi\s4 ,x is h>dly likely1 = example1 t anyone liv+ 9 ,william's reign w\ld h s en?usia/ic a reg>d = ,*>les ,,ii4 z to cause a co9 ( t mon>* to be emb$d$ 9 a piece t he _h made z an heirloom4 ,?is specim5 is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ^: m>k appe>s to ! "r ( ! photograph4 ,! qua9t glass panel se5 9 ,fig4 #d is an int]e/+ relic ( ! att5tion paid to glass-work+ at ?is p]iod4 ,! portrait is t ( ,old ,r[ley 7,*>les ,,ii47 himself1 & ! piece 0 9 all probability made at ,gre5wi*1 possibly 9 commemoration ( 8 visit ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,,! ,,c5tre ,,%[+ ,,! ,,co9 ,,bl[n ,,9 ,,! ,,/em ,,( ,,! ,,tank>d ,,%[n ,,on ,,! ,,left-,,h& ,,side4 !re4 ,x 0 tak5 f a h\se 9 ,purfleet & is n[ 9 ! ,national ,collection4 ,! revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes 9 #afhe gave a va/ impetus to glass-work+ z to o!r crafts4 ,?is measure1 & ! t]rible p]secutions :i* foll[$ x1 co/ ,france a numb]1 v>i\sly e/imat$ at f #bej1jjj to #fjj1jjj1 ( h] be/ citiz5s4 ,great numb]s ( ^! immigrants settl$ 9 ,engl&1 & f\nd$ 9 _! new home ! indu/ries :i* _h become fam\s 9 ! c\ntry ( _! bir?4 ,among !m came glass-work]s f ,p>is1 ,lorra9e1 & o!r p>ts ( ,france1 :o 7 des]v$ly fam\s = _! skill 9 _! craft4 ,com+ z !y did at a "t :5 ! discov]y ( ! brilliant s-call$ fl9t glass gave to ,engli% glassw>e a di/9ction possess$ by no o!r1 x is small wond] t ! next half-c5tury saw su* developm5ts 9 ! art ( glass manufacture 9 ,engl& t ,engli% glass became sup]ior to all o!r k9ds1 ev5 to ! fam\s glass ( ,bohemia1 :i* seem$ dull & lu/reless beside x4 ,= ^! reasons ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury is an epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% glass1 & ! p]iod :i* foll[$ x saw ! art ( glass manufacture 9 ,engl& atta9 its z5i?4 ,x is !re=e ) eighte5?-c5tury glass t we are *iefly conc]n$1 & z ! great bulk ( eighte5?-c5tury glass consi/$ ( dr9k+ glasses1 a great portion ( our space w be devot$ to ^!4 ,at ! outset "s attempt at classification is desirable4 ,we may ref] ! read] to ! v exhau/ive li/ ( v>ieties :i* t great au?ority1 ,mr4 ,alb]t ,h>t%orne1 has made 9 8 /&>d "w on ?is subject4 ,= our purpose x w be suffici5t1 h[ev]1 to make a broad & simple division ( dr9k+ glasses into w9e glasses1 ale & be] glasses1 & cordial or _s glasses4 ,x is ! cu/om1 too1 to draw a di/9ction betwe5 ! rude vessels made = common h\sehold or tav]n use & ! f9] & m highly f9i%$ examples design$ = ! use ( bett]-class p4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! di/9ction is r "o ( quality ?an ( k9d4 ,! ?ree great gr\ps to :i* we h ref]r$ fall into v>i\s classes accord+ to ! div]sity ( %ape 9 b[l & /em &1 to a less degree1 ( foot4 ,! b[ls are v>i\sly funnel-%ap$1 ) /raight sides1 or wai/$1 t is1 ) ! sides curv$ inw>d to =m a wai/1 bell-%ap$1 & ogee or d\ble-ogee %ap$--! la/ nam$ %[+ 9 section ! ogee curve1 s widely employ$ by ! ar*itect = 8 m\ld+s4 ,! /ems are ( two great classes--drawn /ems or /uck /ems4 ,! =m] are p>ts ( ! same lump ( molt5 glass ( :i* ! b[l is =m$2 ! latt] consi/ ( a sep>ate piece fus$ into ! b[l4 ,z reg>ds %ape1 /ems may be pla9 rods1 rods ) knops1 rib-twi/$1 facet$1 air-twi/$1 air-drawn1 or opaque-twi/$4 ,we %all deal ) ea* v>iety 9 its appropriate place4 ,) reg>d to ! foot1 ! g5]ality 7 fold$1 t is to say1 ! edge ( ! rim 0 turn$ "u to =m a fold or welt1 s t ! glass /&s on ! rim1 & n on ! flat ( ! foot4 ,ap>t f ?is1 ! only v>iations are ^? be>+ on ! flatness ( ! foot & its diamet]4 ,9 old glasses ! feet 7 nev] q flat4 ,!re is always a p]ceptible slope f ! c5tre to ! rim1 & v (t5 ! c5tral portion rose up into a dome4 ,! foot 0 also wid] 9 comp>ison ) ! wid? ( ! b[l ?an 9 ! mod]n type4 ,! decoration is ( two k9ds1 engrav$ & cut4 ,! "* ( ! engrav+ is little to ! cr$it ( ! native design] or craftsman4 ,inde$1 bo? z reg>ds arti/ic design or skilful execution1 ,engli% glass ornam5tation is di/9ctly inf]ior to t ( ! ,cont95tal pieces4 ,! usual design is ! rose1 at fir/ h]aldic & conv5tional1 & !n m & m natural1 ) at fir/ a butt]fly1 :i* gradually dw9dl$ to a mo?1 & !n f9ally disappe>$4 ,o!r designs are bas$ ^u ! nature ( ! liquids drunk1 or ref] to politics1 dome/ic or bus9ess affairs1 or to "s fam\s p]sonage4 ,! l>ge/ gr\p ( designs is associat$ ) ,jacobitism--8,*>lie-ov]-!-wat]-ism10 z "s "o has wittily call$ x4 ,9 r>e cases ^! bore a portrait2 m commonly ! emblem select$ 0 ! use ( two buds--! latt] expla9$ z ref]r+ to ! two sons ( ,james ,,ii41 or to ! two sons ( ! ,old ,pret5d]1 ,*>les ,edw>d ( 8,*>lie-is-my-d>l+0 fame1 & ,h5ry1 :o di$ at ,rome 9 #ahjg1 z ,c>d9al ,york4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,eighte5?-,,c5tury ,,glass ,! eighte5? c5tury is ! 8,gold5 ,age0 ( ! collector ( ,engli% glass4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury glass manufacture 0 already a fl\ri%+ indu/ry4 ,vessels ( all k9ds = ornam5t1 keepsakes1 & = dome/ic use 7 be+ produc$ 9 great quantities1 & !re 0 a /rong & gr[+ competition betwe5 ! native craftsm5 & ! glass-work]s ( ,v5ice1 ,bohemia1 ,g]many1 & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 a competition :i*1 ?anks to ! sup]iority ( ! new ,engli% 8fl9t0 glass1 0 /eadily tr5d+ 9 fav\r ( ! ,engli% product4 ,z a result1 ! collector is at once on firm] gr\nd4 ,8 k ( e>li] p]iods _h be5 glean$ haphaz>d f draw+s1 pa9t+s1 tape/ries1 mosaics1 & hi/orical docum5ts1 ) only "h & !re a specim51 & t ( dubi\s au!nticity1 to guide him4 ,f ?is "t he is able to obs]ve at fir/ h&1 comp>e1 classify1 note diff]5ces1 excell5ces1 & defects4 ,!re is no long] any lack ( mat]ial1 ei!r ( ! f9] sort suitable = ! tables ( ! great & weal?y1 or ( ! co>s] k9d ^: only m]it 0 utility4 ,) ! gr[+ pr(usion1 h[ev]1 came a v]itable confusion ( types1 :i* r5d]s any attempt at classification a matt] ( v consid]able difficulty4 ,to a great ext5t ?is arose f ! top+ habits ( our =efa!rs 9 p]haps ! mo/ convivial p]iod ( our hi/ory4 ,!re 0 a va/ improvem5t 9 social conditions & am5ities1 & ! v>iety ( glasses t sprang into exi/5ce af=ds ample te/imony to ?is1 z well z to ! v>iety ( dr9ks 9 fav\r & to ! +5uity ( ! times 9 devis+ toa/s & s5tim5ts1 no less ?an to ! skill ( ! ,engli% craftsm5 & ! individuality ( ! v>i\s mak]s4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury1 h[ev]1 ! use ( diff]5t glasses = diff]5t k9ds ( w9e _h n yet aris54 ,a b[l ( wat] 0 plac$ on ! table 9 :i* ! dr9k]s r9s$ _! glasses :5 a new v9tage made its appe>ance4 ,subsequ5tly ea* gue/ _h ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,examples ( ,balu/] ,/ems & ,te> ,glasses4 8 special b[l = ?is purpose4 ,^! b[ls are exce$+ly r>e1 & are g5]ally describ$ z w9e-cool]s4 ,_! mod]n equival5t is ! f+] b[l4 ,!re 0 naturally a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! glass ( ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury & t ( ! lat] "p4 ,speak+ v broadly1 ! ord] ( progress 0 z foll[s3-- #a4 ,heavy glass ) balu/] /ems4 #b4 ,light] glass ) air-twi/$ /ems4 #c4 ,drawn /ems4 #d4 ,opaque-twi/$ /ems4 #e4 ,cut glass4 ,_m ( ^! glasses are /ill 9 exi/5ce & x is ev5 possible = ! amateur collector to acquire an occasional specim54 ,?is e>ly eighte5?-c5tury glass is ( rem>kable quality1 bo? z reg>ds =m & lu/re4 ,x is true t x is less p]fect 9 %ape & texture ?an ! products ( to-day1 b x is sup]ior 9 arti/ic m]it1 9 orig9ality ( design & s(tness ( outl9e4 ,! lack ( p]fect symmetry is "o ( its *>ms1 z x is 9 ! case ( old lace :i*1 s f> z absolute & meticul\s p]fection ( detail is conc]n$1 is (t5 f> beh9d ! mod]n ma*9e-made product4 ,b :at x lacks 9 symmetry & precision is m ?an comp5sat$ by arti/ic feel+4 ,mr ,h>t%orne 9 8 monum5tal "w on 8,old ,engli% ,glasses10 a "w to :i* ! pres5t writ] & e o!r writ] on ! subject mu/ ackn[l$ge a va/ indebt$ness1 makes an exhau/ive classification ( ! v>i\s types ( eighte5?-c5tury glasses4 ,to 8 ord] "o is b\nd closely to con=m1 al?\gh x is f> f ! prov9ce ( ! pres5t "w to attempt to deal exhau/ively ) ! v>i\s types he s fully & admirably describes4 ,! e>lie/ examples h funnel-%ap$ b[ls ) tall /ems4 ,^! are ( great v>iety ( %ape4 ,"s are q pla91 o!rs are twi/$1 o!rs ribb$4 ,"s1 aga91 are 8balu/]0 %ap$1 i4e4 =m$ aft] ! patt]n ( ! columns ( a balu/rade4 ,_m h a knop or button 9 ! middle1 o!rs are ornam5t$ ) twi/$ l9es1 ei!r holl[ or fill$ ) glass ( diff]5t col\rs1 int]wov5 9 spirals1 twi/s1 networks & plaits 9 all k9ds ( +5i\s ways4 ,( c\rse1 all ^! ?+s be+ di/9ctive are imitable1 & "h ! p]il ( ! collector beg9s4 ,! exp]t is r>ely deceiv$ z to :e!r any specim5 is g5u9e old glass2 b s p]vasive & s p]fect are ! imitations t exi/1 & s plausible ! conditions "u :i* !y are f\nd1 t x behoves ! amateur to use ! extreme/ caution4 ,i propose to deal at "s l5g? ) "s ( ! m obvi\s & frequ5t frauds & fakes 9 a subsequ5t *apt]4 ,b = ! mom5t x may be said t ! be/ te/ ( g5u95ess is nei!r %ape nor any p>ticul> design--= ^! c be closely imitat$--b ! col\r4 ,!re is a curi\s t9t 9 old glass :i* ! new nev] q a*ieves4 ,! w\ld-be small collector w be well advis$ if1 be=e rid+ 8 hobby1 he goes ?r\gh a brief c\rse ( eye-tra9+ "u ! guidance ( an exp]t1 until he gets ! exact tone ( ! old glass firmly impress$ ^u 8 memory4 ,z an additional factor1 x %\ld always be borne 9 m9d t ! old glass is inv>iably heavi] ?an its mod]n imitation4 ,x w be desirable at ?is po9t to describe 9 brief detail ! m important ( ! types ( eighte5?-c5tury glass enum]at$ on page #ei4 ,glasses ) ,incis$ & ,ribbon-twi/$ ,/ems4--,! incis$ or ribbon-twi/$ /emm$ glass ,illu/ration3 ,te> ,glasses ,,fig4 #da4 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cf1 is usually ab\t #f in*es high )1 g5]ally1 a flang$ or outw>d curv$ top & a comp>atively sl5d] /em4 ,a s]ies ( ribs 0 impress$ by a m\ld on ! /em :il/ yet pla/ic4 ,! /em 0 fix$ to its b[l1 heat$ till s(t1 & !n g5tly twi/$ &1 at ! same "t1 /ret*$4 ,! result 0 a twi/1 produc$ 9 exactly ! same way z 9 a /ick ( c&y--close at ! top & gradually loos5+ t[>d ! bottom4 ,ne> ! foot1 by ! way1 ! spiral g5]ally disappe>s entirely z ! effect ( ! heat+ process necess>y :5 ! foot 0 jo9$ to ! /em4 ,! b[l 0 almo/ inv>iably wai/$1 t is1 its sides 7 b5t inw>ds4 ,! foot 0 fold$ & !re 0 a *>act]i/ic less5+ 9 ! diamet] ( ! /em z x ne>$ ! bottom1 :i* ! 8pull]0 ( t(fee w readily und]/&4 ,air-twi/$ ,/ems4--,! air-twi/ probably began ) a 8te>40 ,! te> ( ! glass-bl[] is a bubble ( air bl[n into ! c5tre ( a mass ( molt5 glass1 possibly at fir/ by accid5t & aft]w>ds by design1 z a =m ( ornam5tation4 ,:5 ! /em 0 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g--;,,air-,,twi/ ,,/ems4 7,f ! ,rees ,price ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseur74 drawn out1 ! bubble elongat$ into a tube1 & :5 ! /em 0 twi/$1 ! tube acquir$ a spiral %ape4 ,n[ z ! tube 0 fill$ ) air1 :i* _h a diff]5t refractive capacity to ! glass :i* surr\nd$ x1 ! effect ( ! light fall+ ^u x 0 to produce a k9d ( silv]y radiance l t ( quicksilv]4 ,! ph5om5on is famili> to anyone :o has ev] plung$ a sub/ance l wool1 :i* conta9s air-bubbles entangl$ among its me%es1 "u wat]4 ,! bubbles are trans=m$ into drops l quicksilv]4 ,s ) ! te> & ! tube drawn f x 9 ! air-twi/$ /em4 ,naturally ! decorative pot5tialities ( ?is ph5om5on 7 spe$ily recognis$ & utilis$1 & ! air-twi/$ /ems are among ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & ! mo/ beautiful features ( all old ,engli% glasses4 ,! b[ls 7 usually ( ! same g5]al %ape z ^? ) incis$ & ribbon-twi/$ /ems4 ,! e>li] v>ieties are 8wai/$10 ! lat] ones frequ5tly assume ! bell %ape4 ,!y are (t5 engrav$1 ! e>ly ones ) ! ,tudor rose1 ) its five petals1 :ile ! lat] ones affect ! ,/u>t v>iety ) six petals4 ,! e>lie/ /ems h necks & coll>s--!re 0 consid]able difficulty 9 jo9+ ! air-twi/$ /em on to ! b[l )\t damag+ ! twi/4 ,lat] v>ieties h necks only4 ,! coll>s are sometimes knopp$1 i4e4 h knobs atta*$1 & ! /ems !mselves are %\ld]$4 ,i h dealt at "s l5g? ) ! air-twi/$ /ems1 s9ce ?is is a *>act]i/ic ,engli% v>iety1 & "o to :i* ! brilliant ,engli% fl9t glass 0 specially adapt$4 ,consequ5tly ! type p]si/$ = a consid]able p]iod4 ,! lat] v>ieties1 h[ev]1 a*ieve "s little di/9ction by ! adoption ( ! bell-%ap$ b[l4 ,drawn ,/ems4--,i h already sugge/$ t ! fusion ( ! air-twi/$ /em1 9 ord] to jo9 x to ! b[l1 n unfrequ5tly result$ 9 damage to ! twi/4 ,x 0 an obvi\s solution ( ! difficulty to draw ! /em out f ! surplus molt5 metal at ! base ( ! b[l4 ,if1 previ\sly1 a s]ies ( air-bubbles 0 introduc$ into ?is mass1 ea* 9 ! process ( draw+ out became elongat$ into a tube1 & we h ! possibility1 by plant+ 8te>s0 9 effective positions1 & !n ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,! figures giv5 above illu/rate c]ta9 ( ! *>act]i/ic features ( ,old ,engli% glasses4 ,?us ,fig4 #a is an example ( a d\ble-knopp$ /em1 ea* ( ! bulges be+ te*nically kn[n z a 8knop40 ,! foot is 8dom$40 ,no4 #b is an illu/ration ( a %\ld] & coll>1 ! %\ld] be+ ! bulge ne> ! top1 & ! coll> ! r+ above x1 :i* 0 orig9ally devis$ to hide any clums9ess 9 jo9+ ! /em to ! b[l4 ,no4 #c is a 8flang$0 b[l1 ,no4 #d a 8wai/$0 b[l1 & ,no4 #e %[s an air-twi/$ /em4 judici\sly twi/+ ! drawn /em :il/ /ill pla/ic1 ( produc+ an inf9ity ( pleas+ patt]ns4 ,?us a numb] ( small 8te>s0 close toge!r produc$ a spiral l a y>n ( silk2 or a c5tral te> might be bl[n1 & side ones twi/$ r\nd 9 encircl+ spirals4 ,balu/]-/emm$ ,glasses4--,! balu/] /em is a reproduction ( a m\ld$ pill>4 ,x is by no means peculi> to eighte5?-c5tury glasses4 ,inde$ x =m$ ! almo/ inv>iable means ( support = ! glasses ( ,c>ol9e times4 ,! e>ly balu/] /ems are1 to an eye accu/om$ to ! light] mod]n glass1 extremely heavy & clumsy 9 appe>ance1 & ) ! developm5t ( ta/e & skill1 !y 7 spe$ily supplant$ by ! sl5d]] & m graceful drawn & air-twi/$ /ems4 ,b ! effect ( ! balu/] m\ld+ 0 soon press$ into ! s]vice ( ?is m da9ty w>e1 ! balu/] becom+ m sl5d] & symmetrical1 & sometimes1 inde$1 be+ modifi$ into a slight swell+--ei!r gradual or abrupt or a s+le r+ r\nd ! /em4 ,! b[ls ( ?is p]iod 7 almo/ inv>iably funnel-%ap$1 & 7 (t5 engrav$--! appropriate figure ( ! v9e leaf appe>+ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,,air-,,twi/$ ,,/em ,,glass4 #b4 ,,button ,,/em4 #c4 ,,balu/] ,,/em ,,) ,,royal ,,monogram4 7,f ! ,rees ,price ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseur47 ,,fig4 #h4 hi/ory ( ,engli% glass4 ,! feet are almo/ always ( ! fold$ v>iety4 ,occasionally1 9 ! lat] specim5s1 h[ev]1 ! feet are dom$4 ,opaque-twi/$ ,/ems4--,! opaque-twi/$ /em made its appe>ance ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury4 ,9 ?is case1 rods ( opaque :ite or col\r$ glass 7 alt]nat$ ) rods ( cle> glass ar\nd ! circumf]5ce ( a circul> m\ld1 c>e be+ tak5 to pres]ve prop] regul>ity4 ,!y 7 !n heat$1 & molt5 cle> glass p\r$ into ! c5tral holl[1 fill+ up ! int]/ices betwe5 ! rods1 b9d+ ! :ole :5 cool$ into a solid rod1 ) a cle> c5tre surr\nd$ by a p>ticol\r$ circumf]5ce4 ,! mass1 be+ s(t5$ by heat+1 0 !n drawn out into sl5d]] rods1 & twi/$ into spirals4 ,! ease ( ! process acc\nts = ! inf9ite v>iety ( patt]ns 9 exi/5ce4 ,flat b>s c\ld be us$1 giv+ tape-l spiral b&s1 & ! rods c\ld be ( v>i\s sizes & col\rs4 ,_m specim5s came ov] f ,holl& & f ! nor? ( ,france1 g5]ally ( inf]ior quality1 ! inf]iority be+ display$ 9 ! "* ( ! /ems & ! poorness ( ! metal4 ,! simplicity ( ! manufacture has also giv5 rise to ho/s ( mod]n imitations1 l>gely f ! ,cont95t4 ,9 a great numb] ( ^! ! spirals turn to ! left1 :i* has giv5 rise to an idea t all glasses ) "r-h&$ opaque spiral /ems are mod]n imitations1 :i* is by no means ! case4 ,all su* specim5s1 h[ev]1 are suffici5tly suspect to dem& c>eful scrut9y1 & ! amateur1 be=e pur*as+ a "r-h&$ spiral opaque-twi/$ glass1 w d well to submit x to ! judgm5t ( an exp]t4 ,po9ts to be consid]$ are ! col\r ( ! metal1 ! p]fection ( ! twi/1 its opacity1 & ! "* ( ! foot4 ,! col\r & weight ( ! glass are probably ! be/ crit]ia4 ,! =g]ies are g5]ally light1 & ! beautiful mell[ tone ( ! real old ,engli% glass is replac$ by a cold :ite t9t or ev5 a t+e ( gre54 ,! twi/ is (t5 m transluc5t ?an 9 ! g5u9e pieces1 & is frequ5tly imp]fectly produc$1 becom+ loos] z x desc5ds1 ! loos5+ be+ p>ticul>ly pron\nc$ j be=e its junction ) ! foot4 ,! appe>ance ( ! foot is ( ! utmo/ ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,,opaque ,,twi/ ,,/ems ,,& 8,,rose0 ,,glasses4 7,f ! ,rees ,price ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseur47 value4 ,be=e ! n9ete5? c5tury ! sc>1 :]e ! piece aft] manufacture 0 brok5 away f ! pontil1 0 inv>iably left r\gh1 in/ead ( be+ gr\nd d[n4 ,! foot 9 ! g5u9e glasses is nev] flat1 !re be+ always a slight slope d[nw>ds t[>ds ! edge4 ,9 ! imitations1 too1 x is apt to be less 9 diamet]1 comp>$ ) ! b[l1 ?an 9 ! g5u9e specim5s1 :il/ !re is frequ5tly an abs5ce ( 8r+40 ,?is la/ fact1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be unduly emphasis$1 s9ce _m und\bt$ly au!ntic specim5s ( ?is p]iod1 includ+ "s ( ! f9e/1 %>e ! defect4 ,ano!r te/ is to note ! edge ( ! b[l1 :e!r x is well r\nd$ (f or :e!r x has be5 left h>d & %>p4 ,_m ( ^! glasses are engrav$ ) fl[]s4 ,! rose is s frequ5t z to give its "n to a special type1 ! 8rose glasses40 ,! rose has (t5 a bud or two1 & a butt]fly is frequ5tly repres5t$ z hov]+ ov] ! fl[]4 ,9 lat] specim5s ! butt]fly deg5]ates into a mo?1 & f9ally vani%es altoge!r4 ,o!r fl[]s engrav$ on glasses ( ! same type & p]iod 7 ! ,rose ( ,%>on & ! ,/ ,john's ,wort4 ,rose glasses1 ) blue & :ite twi/$ /ems1 are 9 all probability almo/ exclusively ( ,engli% manufacture1 & are among ! mo/ valuable ( ! opaque-twi/$ type4 ,! =eign importations ( ! p]iod 7 num]\s b1 ap>t f c]ta9 patt]ns ( twi/1 :i* may be consid]$ exclusively ,engli%1 ! twi/+ ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries 0 di/9ctly inf]ior4 ,"o type is *>act]i/ic ( ! =eign product4 ,?is has a c5tral tube ( ?9 :ite l9es1 surr\nd$ by spiral twi/s4 ,:]e ! /em is ( ! balu/] type1 ?is c5tral tube1 m or less1 foll[s ! cont\r ( ! /em4 ,/raight-sid$ ,glasses4--,! t]m 8/raight-sid$0 may be us$ to designate a :ole s]ies ( glasses1 ( :i* ! b[ls are ( ! %ape ( a truncat$ cone1 ! n>r[ end be+1 ( c\rse1 d[nw>d4 ,9 process ( "t ! %>pness ( ! section at ! bottom 0 m & m r\nd$ until x atta9$ ! %ape ( ! ogee curve4 ,! e>lie/ ( ! /raight-sid$ glasses _h bulb$ /ems1 ) a %\ld] & knop4 ,! bett] sorts ( tav]n & h\sehold glasses 7 ( ?is type1 ! l>g] specim5s be+ us$ = w9e & pun* & ! small] = cordials & /rong wat]s4 ,two po9ts are wor?y ( notice3 ! fold$ foot 0 practically inv>iable1 & ! diamet] ( ! foot 0 always sub/antially great] ?an t ( ! b[l1 ?us ensur+ a s\nd support4 ,! b[ls !mselves 7 at fir/ pla94 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury1 h[ev]1 we f9d !m decorat$ ) conv5tional fl[]s & v9e leaves1 etc41 :i* 7 gradually replac$ by clos] & m arti/ic repres5tations ( su* natural objects z roses1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 lilies ( ! valley1 tulips1 & sprays ( honeysuckle4 ,among/ ^!1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 conv5tional designs held _! place1 e4g4 wild roses1 ,/ ,john's ,wort1 & o!r blossoms ) l>ge se$$ c5tres1 :i* seem to h impress$ !mselves /rongly ^u ! imag9ation ( ! arti/s to :om ! decoration 0 entru/$4 ,! b[ls 71 9 v r>e in/ances1 flut$4 ,! pieces 7 made 9 ?ree p>ts--b[l1 /em1 & foot--! /em be+ sometimes pla91 (t5] air-twi/$1 & sometimes opaque-twi/$4 ,! /raight-sid$ b[l 0 nev] popul> among/ ,cont95tal glass-work]s1 s t ! probability is t any specim5 f\nd is ( ,engli% manufacture4 ,9 examples ( =eign manufacture1 too1 ! b[l 0 g5]ally r\nd$ at ! base1 & ! /ems 7 (t5 col\r$ or opaque-twi/$4 ,o!r *>act]i/ics by :i* ^! may be id5tifi$ are _! comp>ative lightness ( weight1 _! fragility1 _! co>se lavi%ness ( decoration1 _! n>r[ bases1 :ile ! twi/+ ( ! /ems is (t5 unduly close1 & ! b[ls h wide1 flat flutes4 ,ogee ,glasses4--,! /raight-sid$ glasses *ang$ by easy degrees into ! well-kn[n ogee %ape1 ! l9es ( ! b[l be+ gradually m]g$ into ^? ( ! /em4 ,x may be safely ass]t$ t ! majority ( ogee-%ap$ glasses are ( ,engli% manufacture4 ,! majority h opaque-twi/$ /ems2 sometimes blue l9es replace ! opaque :ite4 ,x is ?\ght t ,bri/ol 0 ! *ief place ( manufacture1 s9ce mo/ ( ! f9ds h be5 9 ! we/ ( ,engl&4 ,! e>lie/ ( !m h unfold$ feet1 ins]t$ air-twi/$ /ems1 & naturally1 s9ce ! object ( ! design] 0 to pres]ve ! ogee l9e1 no %\ld]s4 ,_m ( !m are ( consid]able dim5sions--a possible result ( ! cu/om ( dr9k+ bump]s4 ,a great numb] ( ! memorial glasses1 treat$ ( 9 a sep>ate *apt]1 7 ( ?is type4 ,! ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,,d\ble ,,ogee ,,b[ls4 7,f ! ,rees ,price ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseur47 s*eme ( decoration foll[$ mu* ! same l9es z t ( ! /raight-sid$ glasses1 b a great] proportion 7 pla92 possibly ! curves t[>d ! bottom ( ! b[l made ! engrav]'s task m difficult4 ,9 ! lat] specim5s1 sprigs ( laurel & fe/oons ( v>i\s conv5tional types are to be f\nd4 ,9 ! ,bri/ol glasses ! b[ls 7 sometimes flut$1 & a d\ble ogee curve 0 employ$1 ! upp] "p only be+ decorat$1 g5]ally ) v9e leaves & bun*es ( grapes4 ,! /ems 7 bulb$ or knopp$1 & ! feet 7 fold$4 ,*ampagne ,glasses4--,!re is1 ( c\rse1 no real reason :y "o k9d ( w9e %\ld be drunk f a glass ( special %ape & ano!r f a totally diff]5t "o1 b once glass dr9k+ vessels _h become ! vogue1 ?is habit ( specialis+ 9 ! %ape & size ( glasses spe$ily became ! fa%ion & cry/allis$ into a cu/om :i* p]si/s ev5 to-day 9 our port1 %]ry1 *ampagne1 cl>et1 & liqueur glasses4 ,9 ! beg9n+ !re 0 a f> great] div]sity1 = ,engl& 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 0 fam\s = ! numb] 7& pot5cy7 ( its bev]ages &1 speak+ g5]ally1 ea* _h its appropriate glass4 ,frequ5tly1 ( c\rse1 !re 0 little div]sity ( %ape1 ! diff]5ce be+ 9 ! nature ( ! ornam5tation1 :i* 9 a numb] ( cases 0 specially devis$ to indicate ! purpose ( ! glass4 ,?us an ale glass w\ld be adorn$ ) e>s ( b>ley or bun*es ( hops2 a w9e glass ) v9e leaves or bun*es ( grapes2 a cid] glass ) sprays ( apple blossom1 & s =?4 ,*ampagne 01 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 a w9e ( comp>atively rec5t introduction1 & 0 drunk only by ! ri* & great4 ,probably at fir/ no special glasses 7 us$ = x1 ! m elegant ( ^? already 9 exi/5ce1 presumably bell-%ap$ & air-/emm$1 be+ press$ into ! s]vice1 b ab\t #agcj special glasses 7 made1 ) wide1 %all[ b[ls1 ( ! d\ble-ogee v>iety & a balu/]4 ,!y _h knopp$ or d\ble-knopp$ /ems & dom$ feet4 ,sometimes1 z might be anticipat$1 an air or opaque-twi/$ /em 0 employ$1 :ile ! %ape ( ! b[l v>i$ t[>ds ! bell %ape1 9 t x became hemisph]ical4 ,subsequ5tly ! b[l became elongat$ into ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,,sweetmeat ,,glasses4 ,,ale ,,glasses4 7,f ! ,rees ,price ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseur47 a n>r[ cone1 ! /ems exemplify+ ! v>i\s patt]ns ( ! day--balu/]1 knopp$1 d\ble-knopp$1 air-twi/$1 opaque-twi/$1 & drawn4 ,9 ! lat] examples ! elongation 0 s pron\nc$ t ! glasses approximat$ to ! famili> flute %ape4 ,9 ^! ! /em is (t5 facet$1 ! facets sometimes ext5d+ "s consid]able di/ance up ! glass4 ,! mod]n *ampagne glass1 ) a wide sauc]-l b[l & a holl[ /em1 seems to be a sort ( comb9ation ( ! two4 ,! w9e be+ a r>ity1 ! glasses are sc>ce1 & ! collector :o une>?s a g5u9e specim5 ( an e>ly eighte5?-c5tury *ampagne glass may e/eem himself =tunate4 ,! %all[ glasses 7 s little kn[n t a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 9 #ahcb1 ,disraeli1 writ+ to 8 si/]1 rem>ks3 8,we drank *ampagne out ( a sauc] ( glass m\nt$ on a p$e/al ( cut glass10 s t ! =m 0 evid5tly a novelty1 at lea/ to him4 ,sweetmeat ,glasses4--,closely alli$ to ! %all[ *ampagne glasses 7 ! sweetmeat glasses4 ,! latt] are1 h[ev]1 mu* solid]1 :ile _! edges are cr9kl$ & undulat$ & v&yk$ into v>i\s patt]ns4 ,! feet are g5]ally dom$1 sometimes pla91 & at o!r times ribb$ or ornam5t$ ) knobs4 ,! b[ls are g5]ally ei!r ( ! d\ble-ogee type or bell-%ap$ ) a lip4 ,!y are (t5 ribb$ 9 ! e>li] v>ieties1 & cut 9 ! lat] ones4 ,! glasses 7 made 9 sets1 :i* /ood ^u a glass p$e/al or c5tre-piece made to a simil> patt]n4 ,?is _h a flat1 tray-l top1 ) a rais$ rim4 ,"o int]e/+ feature is t ea* set consi/$ ( a numb] ( small glasses & "o l>ge "o1 kn[n z a 8,capta90 or 8,ma/]0 glass1 :i* 0 n necess>ily ( ! same patt]n z ! small] ones4 ,! ,capta9 _h g5]ally an abnormally small foot1 s t x might n unduly encroa* ^u ! /&+ space4 ,ale & ,be] ,glasses4--,!re is no p>ticul> diff]5ce betwe5 ! tall *ampagne glass & ! ale glass2 possibly ! ale glass 0 modell$ ^u ! flute-%ap$ *ampagne glass1 or possibly ! %apes 7 us$ indiscrim9ately = bo? bev]ages--! f9] & m elegant specim5s = ! *ampagne1 & ! heavi] & m sub/antial ones = ! humbl] ale4 ,t !y 7 s us$ is suffici5tly indicat$ by ! fact t _m ,illu/ration3 ,,specim5 ,,( ,,iri% ,,dr9k+ ,,glasses1 ,,%ew+ ,,v>iety ,,9 ,,cutt+s4 #ah?-#ai? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,engli% ,,dr9k+ ,,glasses4 #ah? ,,c5tury4 #a4 ,a ,,cordial ,,glass ,,) ,,air-,,twi/$ ,,/em4 #b4 ,a ,,b>ley ,,wat] ,,glass ,,) ,,opal-,,twi/$ ,,/em4 #c4 ,,an ,,old 8,,te>0 ,,glass4 #d4 ,a ,,/rong ,,wat] ,,cordial ,,glass ,,) 8,,te>0 ,,9 ,,/em4 ,,fig4 #ab4 specim5s h be5 discov]$ :i* are engrav$ ) fe/oons or bun*es ( hops & e>s ( b>ley4 ,! e>li] specim5s1 h[ev]1 7 pla94 ,x may be useful to po9t out t ! =m ( ! /em af=ds "s indication ( ! relative age ( ! piece1 ! *ronological ord] be+ r\ghly z foll[s3--7#a7 ,wai/$ b[ls1 ) pla9 /ems & fold$ feet2 7#b7 air-twi/$ /ems1 %\ld]$1 coll>$1 & knopp$2 7#c7 pla9 drawn /ems2 7#d7 opaque-twi/$ /ems4 ,! glasses dim9i% 9 height z ! c5tury progresses4 ,o!r ,k9ds ( ,glasses4--,x is cu/om>y to include 9 ! classification ( eighte5?-c5tury glasses ^? us$ = cid] & p]ry1 mumm1 mead1 & syllabub4 ,x is difficult to prove t any p>ticul> k9d ( glass 0 set ap>t = ! consumption ( ^! liquors4 ,cid]1 h[ev]1 0 produc$ 9 l>ge quantities1 & glasses 7 possibly made specially = x4 ,c]ta9 specim5s exi/1 & are recognis$ by _! be+ engrav$ ) apple blossom1 apple trees1 etc41 :il/ "o--m5tion$ 9 ! *apt] on ,memorial ,glasses--is inscrib$ ) ! motto 8,no ,excise40 ,speak+ g5]ally1 x may be ass]t$ t ord9>y cid] 0 probably drunk f e>!nw>e mugs1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! be] mugs ( to-day1 :il/ ! /rong cid] 0 consum$ f w9e glasses4 ,no glass has s f> be5 di/9ctively associat$ ) p]ry4 ,mumm 0 a some:at awesome decoction1 9 :i* ! pr9cipal +r$i5t 0 malt$ :eat1 to :i* 7 add$ a little oats or bean-meal1 ! brew be+ flav\r$ ) v>i\s pung5t & aromatic h]bs & ! inn] b>k & tips ( ! fir tree4 ,x is presum$ to h be5 drunk f glasses ( ! ale-*ampagne type1 b among ! common folk x is probable mugs 7 pref]r$4 8,! clamor\s cr[d is hu%'d ) mugs ( mum ,till all1 tun'd equal1 s5d a g5]al hum40--,,pope4 ,mead 7or mea?7 0 a dr9k ! basis ( :i* 0 honey4 ,?is1 be+ dissolv$ 9 boil+ wat]1 0 flav\r$ ) spices & gr\nd malt add$1 & ! :ole left to f]m5t4 ,x 0 drunk f b[l-%ap$ glasses1 or else f glasses ( ! l[ tumbl] type4 ,if c>efully made x w\ld keep = a long "t1 & f ! numb] ( ref]5ces to x :i* appe> 9 lit]ature1 x 0 evid5tly a fav\rite dr9k1 p>ticul>ly among ! l[] classes4 ,b5 ,jonson 9 8 8,! ,devil is an ,ass10 writt5 9 #afaf1 rem>ks3 8 444,c>m5 ,are got into _! yell[ />*1 & *imney-sweep]s ,to _! tobacco & /rong wat]s--,hum1 ,mea? & ,ob>ni40 ,syllabub 0 a mixture ( w9e1 ale1 or cid]1 ) cream or milk1 & flav\r$ ) lemon or rose-wat]4 ,! :ipp$ syllabubs 7 beat5 into a fro? be=e dr9k+4 ,!y 7 (t5 made ) milk drawn fre% f ! c[1 ! dr9k]s repair+ to ! dairy = ! purpose4 8,y\r ale-b]ries1 caudles & possets ea* "o1 ,& sillabubs made at ! milk+ pail1 ,al?\gh !y be _m1 be] comes n 9 any1 ,b all are compos$ ) a pot ( good ale40 ,syllabub glasses1 z f> z !re 7 special glasses us$1 7 ( deep cup or tumbl] %ape1 ! brim fl>+ outw>d4 ,cordial & ,/rong ,wat]s ,glasses4--,! art ( di/illation came f ,arabia1 z ! "n alcohol 7al ,kohl7 indicates4 ,nor!rn peoples1 h[ev]1 = a long "t pref]r$1 to ! di/ill$ products1 cordial wat]s made f honey1 fruit syrups1 spices1 & v>i\s h]bs4 ,ea* notable h\sewife _h h] own recipes = cordials1 & _m & qua9t 7 ! products t came f ! family /ill-room4 ,x 0 n1 inde$1 until comp>atively rec5t times t ! habit ( _s-dr9k+ made any great headway 9 ,engl&4 ,:isky 0 made 9 ,irel& 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & mu/ consequ5tly h be5 kn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,h[ell 9 8 8,lett]s0 ref]s to ! usquebaugh ( ,irel&1 b rem>ks t 8:]eas 9 ,engl& !y dr9k x 9 aqua vit glasses1 9 ,irel& !y dr9k x 9 be] glasses40 ,! quotation proves t ev5 at t e>ly p]iod special glasses = spirits 7 9 use4 ,gre5e1 "s ?irty ye>s lat]1 includes among ! glasses he ord]$ f ,v5ice small glasses m>k$ = br&j4 ,! ta/e 0 probably int5sifi$ aft] ! ,revolution ( #afhh br\ght numb]s ( ,dut*m5 into ! c\ntry4 ,! glasses employ$ 71 g5]ally speak+1 m9iature replicas ( ! w9e glasses 9 vogue2 o!rs are %ort-/emm$1 & z ?is did n l5d itself to air-twi/+1 ! balu/] type 0 mo/ly affect$1 :i* 9 su* small glasses gives a peculi>ly massive appe>ance4 ,opaque-twi/$ /ems are1 h[ev]1 m frequ5tly met )1 z are flut$ ones4 ,sometimes ! b[ls are flut$ or facet$4 ,! dumpy1 ?ick-/emm$1 wide-b[l$ cordial glasses are (t5 t]m$ 8,hog>?0 glasses1 !y be+ ! prevail+ type 9 8 pictures4 ,! mod]n equival5ts are ! 8fir+0 glasses us$ at ,masonic banquets1 ! memb]s aft] ea* toa/ knock+ ! glasses 9 unison on ! table--! s\nd produc$ be+ fancifully lik5$ to ! reports ( guns4 ,figs4 #a & #b 7p4 #afj7 are illu/rations ( fir+ glasses1 ! =m] be+ antique & ! latt] mod]n & /rictly utilit>ian4 ,n all cordial & /rong wat]s glasses belong to ?is type4 ,"s ( ! mo/ valuable h long /ems1 ei!r pla9 or opaque-twi/$4 ,_m ( ! latt]1 h[ev]1 came f ! ,ne!rl&s & /& outside ! category ( ,engli% glasses4 ,! 8?i/le0 glass has come to be ! recognis$ ,scotti% liqueur glass4 ,! =m orig9at$1 x is believ$1 9 ,bohemia1 b once x _h made its way "h1 x 0 natural t ! ,scots %\ld take = _! national liquor ! glass t bore ! =m ( _! national emblem4 ,at any rate ! beg9n+ ( ! ,scotti% glass indu/ry 0 m>k$ by ! production ( a ?i/le glass1 :i* 0 made at ! factories 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,tav]n & ,h\sehold ,glasses4--,x is cu/om>y to ref] to tav]n & h\sehold glass z belong+ to a sep>ate classification4 ,!re is really no ju/ification = any su* division2 x is p]fectly natural t ut5sils = common use %\ld be /rong] & clumsi] editions ( ! bett]-class glasses4 ,! v e>lie/ 7 clumsy 9 ! extreme z reg>ds design1 & r\gh 9 execution1 b lat] specim5s %[ great] elaboration & skill4 ,) ! adv5t ( ! drawn glass1 mo/ tav]n & h\sehold glasses took ?is =m1 & h reta9$ x ) little v>iation4 ,two k9ds are noticeable--^? ) a 8bl[0 inside ! /em1 & ^? )\t4 ,9 ! drawn /ems ! bl[ %rank 9 dim5sions1 & became a te>1 :i*1 by ! way1 is almo/ inv>iably upside d[n1 ! broad] end be+ upp]mo/4 ,half-way ?r\gh ! eighte5? c5tury ! te> vani%$ altoge!r1 & ! pla9 solid /em came into use4 ,! common w9e glasses 7 small editions ( ! l>g] glasses1 & frequ5tly bore rudely execut$ decorations ( fe/oons1 v9e leaves1 & fl[]s4 ,! feet are flat1 & may be ei!r fold$ or unfold$1 ! =m] be+ ( ! e>li] type4 ,specim5s are fairly easily obta9able1 ! ?ickness ( ! metal & ! /\tness ( ! design c>ry+ !m safely ?r\gh ! dang]s to :i* !y 7 specially liable4 ,ap>t f _! age !y h no special m]it4 ,! metal is z inf]ior z ! =m4 ,tumbl]s 7 less frequ5tly made 9 ! eighte5? c5tury ?an 7 w9e glasses1 & 9 ! e>ly "p1 at any rate1 ^? t 7 met ) 7 *iefly =eign importations4 ,x is possible t ! pla9 l9es ( ! tumbl] did n appeal to ta/es accu/om$ to ! graceful outl9es ( ! w9e glasses4 ,! e>ly ones are cyl9d]-%ap$1 & v l>ge1 :ile eighte5?-c5tury tumbl]s tap] some:at t[>d ! base4 ,bo? are v sc>ce4 ,n[ & aga9 "o meets ! b>rel %ape4 ,=eign tumbl]s are (t5 pr(usely decorat$ by engrav+1 col\r+1 & gild+--! quality ( ! decoration be+ di/9ctly inf]ior to its quantity4 ,! rumm] is a *>act]i/ic ,old ,engli% public-h\se glass1 & is ( v>i\s types4 ,x 01 ( c\rse1 z ! "n implies1 us$ = mak+ pun*4 ,among ! types are ! ogee-%ap$ b[ls--ei!r pla9 or press$--b>rel-%ap$ b[ls1 & trumpet-%ap$ b[ls4 ,all h %ort1 ?ick /ems1 (t5 ) a coll>1 sometimes balu/]-%ap$4 ,! base is /rong & g5]ally flat4 ,"s specim5s h heavy1 squ>e bases1 evid5tly design$ to secure _! /ability4 ,cut ,glass4--,! introduction ( ! s-call$ fl9t glass--:i* 01 9 effect1 glass conta9+ a great] quantity ( lead ?an _h previ\sly be5 us$--creat$ some?+ ( a revolution 9 ! art ( ,engli% glass manufacture4 ,m4 ,peligot1 a lead+ ,fr5* au?ority1 rem>ks3 8,to ! ,engli% %\ld really be attribut$ ! hon\r ( hav+ creat$1 9 _! fl9t glass1 a new product :i* by ! quality & selection ( ! mat]ials us$ 9 its fabrication has become )\t d\bt ! mo/ beautiful glassy sub/ance :i* we "k & :i*1 9 my op9ion1 x may be possible to produce40 ,b 9 addition to ! beauty ( ! metal 0 ! fact t x _h a great] refractive & disp]sive action on ,illu/ration3 ,,engli% 8,,rumm]0 ,,& ,,dr9k+ ,,glasses4 #ah? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,ballu/] ,,/em ,,glass ,,%ew+ ,a ,,co9 ,,bl[n ,,9 ,,! ,,/em4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,engli% ,,ballu/] ,,/em ,,glass4 ,,fig4 #ac4 rays ( light ?an any o!r k9d ( glass1 & consequ5tly l5t itself specially to cutt+--! workman%ip br++ out ! beauty & brilliancy ( ! metal1 & ! quality ( ! metal enhanc+ ! effect ( ! cutt+4 ,x is difficult to fix1 ) any degree ( precision1 ! date at :i* glass 0 fir/ cut by way ( ornam5tation4 ,!re are c]ta9ly traces ( its employm5t t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,at ! beg9n+ ! craftsm5 ( ,bohemia 7 probably f> sup]ior to ^? ( ,engl&1 b z soon z ! special suitability ( ! ,engli% glass 0 demon/rat$1 ! native workm5 spe$ily outdid all =eign competitors4 ,! quality ( ! glass & ( ! cutt+ gradually improv$1 until at ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury practically all ,engli% glass ( any importance 0 ornam5t$ 9 ?is fa%ion1 & ! ,engli% product 0 fam\s all ov] ! ,cont95t4 ,9 ?is way ! beauty & value ( a piece spe$ily came to dep5d ^u ! am\nt & ! dep? ( ! cutt+3 ! m deeply & pr(usely x 0 incis$ ! great] its arti/ic m]it 0 assum$ to be & ! m highly x 0 e/eem$4 ,9 c]ta9 in/ances1 und\bt$ly1 ! art 0 c>ri$ to excess2 h5ce ^? mon/rosities ( ! ,e>ly ,victorian p]iod--clumsy masses ( fl9t glass cut into hob-nails1 facets1 pyramids1 & spikes ( all %apes & dim5sions4 ,( ?is description are ! massive glass *&eli]s :i* dep5d f ! ceil+s ( c\ntry h\ses & halls built at ! close ( ! eighte5? or ! comm5cem5t ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,possibly no bett] examples c\ld be f\nd ?an ! massy c5trepieces ) _! p5d5t drops & spik$ clu/]s t adorn ! ,pavilion at ,brighton--t lordly & pseudo-,ori5tal pleasure-h\se built by ! 8fir/ g5tleman 9 ,europe10 :o aft]w>ds became ,george ,,iv4 ,( simil> type are ! lu/res ) _! j+l+ drops t ornam5t$ s _m mantelpieces 9 our gr&mo!rs' & great-gr&mo!rs' day4 ,h[ (t5 9 a !atre has "o sat 9 fe> & trembl+ le/ "s su* great glitt]+ mass 9 ! c5tre ( ! dome %\ld break loose f its moor+s & fall ) dire effects on ! pit & /alls bel[8 ,x 0 "u ! same conditions t bottles alt]$ _! %ape & became decant]s4 ,^!1 z w be se5 f ! illu/rations1 foll[$ ! prevail+ fa%ion 9 be+ massive & deeply cut4 ,! /opp]s 7 mo/ frequ5tly ( a mu%room %ape & 7 (t5 delicately cut4 ,^! decant]s 7 g5]ally made 9 pairs or 9 sets ( f\r4 ,f :at has be5 said x w be evid5t t ! glass-mak+ activities ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7 by no means conf9$ to ! manufacture ( dr9k+ glasses4 ,!re is no reason to d\bt t1 ev5 at s e>ly a p]iod z t 9 :i* ,*idd+fold 0 a great c5tre ( glass manufacture 9 ?is c\ntry1 _m important & really f9e pieces 7 produc$4 ,few examples1 h[ev]1 ( :at may be t]m$ miscellane\s eighte5?-c5tury glass c be attribut$ ) any c]ta9ty to a p]iod e>li] ?an ! sixties ( t c5tury4 ,at t "t ! glass-mak]'s art 0 pass+ ?r\gh a great p]iod ( upheaval & mom5t\s *ange l ! c\ntry itself 0 9 bo? politics & 9 art4 ,nor 0 ! *ange conf9$ to ,engl&4 ,9 ,france ! florid /yle ( decoration associat$ ) ! "n ( ,l\is ,qu9ze 0 giv+ way1 ev5 be=e ! dea? ( ! mon>* aft] :om x 0 nam$1 to ! m simple & sev]ely classical /yle ( ,l\is ,seize4 ,9 ,engl& ! dawn+ ( a new ta/e 9 arti/ic decoration became evid5t ab\t ! ye> #aggj 9 ! "w ( ! silv]smi?s & goldsmi?s1 & %ortly aft]w>ds 9 ! productions ( ! porcela9 factories ( ,b[1 ,*elsea1 & else:]e4 ,9 glass a noticeable feature ( ! *ange 0 ! increas+ use ( facet+4 ,flat facets1 divid$ by %>p angles1 are to be f\nd on bo? /ems & %\ld]s ( ! glasses1 & (t5times ext5d$ half-way up ! body itself4 ,di%es & bas9s ( ?is p]iod 7 (t5 completely cov]$ ) pyramidal designs s deeply incis$ t ! w>e c\ld h>dly be h&l$ )\t dang] ( break+4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t1 too1 t cutt+ 0 fir/ done by ma*9]y 9 ! mann] already describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,! fact t ! art ( cutt+ & engrav+ rea*$ its z5i? at ?is p]iod acc\nts = ! reputation :i* ,engli% glass spe$ily a*iev$ n only 9 its native home b on ! ,cont95t & 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,!re is no d\bt t mu* ( its popul>ity 0 due to ! sup]iority ( ! mat]ial itself1 & ?is 0 ma9ta9$ by ! mo/ scrupul\s c>e 9 ! selection & purification ( ! +r$i5ts4 ,! s&1 9 p>ticul>1 0 mo/ c>efully wa%$ & burn$ s z to de/roy all impurities4 ,9 practice1 mo/ ( x 0 obta9$ f ,alum ,bay 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight1 f ,lynn or f ,reigate4 ,s&pits h also be5 discov]$ at ,c\lsdon & ,r$hill4 ,! fus+ ( ! +r$i5ts 0 also a matt] dem&+ ! greate/ c>e s z to ensure ! correct col\r4 ,x 0 f\nd t1 g5]ally speak+1 ! quick] ! op]ation ! bett] ! result4 ,any delay1 too1 9 ! bl[+ or roll+ ( ! glass 0 apt to int]f]e ) ! purity ( ! col\r & ev5 ! precision ( %ape & ! accuracy ( ! measure4 ,few p]sons tr\bl$ to consid] :e!r %apes t dep5d$ ^u ! process ( bl[+ 7 ! mo/ suitable = _! purpose1 or :e!r ! cutt+ & engrav+ 7 n sometimes ov]done4 ,on ! :ole1 x is difficult to ov]rate ! beauty ( ,georgian glass--( ! e>ly or ! late p]iod--ei!r z reg>ds grace ( %ape or /yle or ! cutt+ & engrav+4 ,collectors1 too1 h pl5ty ( scope1 = ?\gh ,georgian glass is comp>atively r>e & f9e pieces comm& big prices1 yet ! amateur is n fac$ at ! outset1 z 9 ! case ( glass ( a p]iod prior to ?is1 ) two v s]i\s propositions--an almo/ prohibitive price & a m or less d\btful au!nticity4 ,! illu/rations %[n ( eighte5?-c5tury glass w make x cle> t1 al?\gh !y are "s ( ! mo/ satisfactory specim5s ( ! "t1 n ev5 an amateur c\ld mi/ake !m = mod]n1 _! %apes alone be+ almo/ a gu>antee ( ! date ( _! orig94 ,ev5 if ! %ape be imitat$1 ! peculi> d>k1 pe>ly look ( ! old fl9t glass _c1 & x =ms a simple & def9ite te/4 ,! pair ( decant]s on ! "r 7,fig4 #ad7 are almo/ unique--! deep cutt+1 ! curi\sly %ap$ /opp]s1 ! long or r\nd$ necks1 & ! flat-cut %\ld]s be+ absolutely *>act]i/ic4 ,b x is n unusual to f9d ^! graceful %apes copi$2 & aga9 ! collector mu/ bew>e4 ,"s ( ! qu>t decant]s h1 z w be se5 f ! two on ! left ( ! illu/ration1 holl[ bottoms 9 :i* are ins]t$ t9y musical boxes4 ,:5 ! decant] 0 rais$ ! box />t$ play+ "s famili> air1 g5]ally 8,home1 ,sweet ,home40 ,:e!r ! int5tion 0 to rem9d ,illu/ration3 #ah? ,,c5tury ,,cut ,,sweetmeat ,,glasses ,,9 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,/&s4 ,illu/ration3 #ah? ,,c5tury ,,decant]s1 ,,%ew+ ,,v>iety ,,( ,,designs ,,9 ,,cutt+4 ,,fig4 #ad4 ! hold] t he 0 at home1 or to h9t t he might ?9k ( go+ !re1 probably dep5d$ ^u circum/ances4 ,o!r sets ( decant]s ) engrav$ fe/oons & simil> decorations ( ! same p]iod are equally graceful bo? 9 design & execution4 ,! /opp]s are flat pe>-%ap$ drops1 & are d\btless ( ! ,adam p]iod4 ,ano!r feature is _! long1 ?9 necks1 :i* made !m m suitable = private h\ses ?an inns4 ,!y usually /& f #ab to #ah in*es 9 height1 & :5 /&+ gr\p$ toge!r h a *>m+ly graceful appe>ance4 ,!y are r>ely n[ to be f\nd 9 f\rs1 & x is d\btful if !y 7 s made4 ,i h only se5 !m 9 pairs4 ,!y are n p>ticul>ly r>e1 _m small h\ses possess+ specim5s4 ,x 0 at ?is p]iod also t f+] b[ls came into fa%ion4 ,! fir/ ones made 9 ?is c\ntry 7 probably copies ( old ,roman col\r$ b[ls4 ,! e>lie/ ( all _h two lips1 us$ ei!r = p\r+ out ! cont5ts or = re/+ a spoon ^u4 ,^! specim5s are1 z a rule1 exquisite bo? 9 /yle & %ape1 & x is1 =tunately1 )9 ! p[] ( ! ord9>y collector to acquire a specim5 or s at a reasonable figure4 ,!y are ! l>g] & m ornam5tal pieces1 "s unique 9 design & o!rs possess+ hi/orical associations1 t are priceless4 ,! old *&eli]s (t5 f\nd w give "s idea ( ! f9e cutt+ ( ! p]iod4 ,! magnific5t pe>-drop-%ap$ lu/res1 ! f9e "w on ! /em1 & ! cross-ov] *a9s are *>act]i/ic ( ! lavi% ornam5t ( ! age4 ,su* h (t5 be5 conv]t$ into p5dants = electric light4 ,al?\gh no ord9>y collector may hope to acquire !m1 !y are n )\t int]e/ z examples ( a bygone fa%ion4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,miss ,:itmore ,jones1 ,i am enabl$ to reproduce f h] beautiful collection at ,*a/leton ,h\se ! posset pot %[n at page #db 7,fig4 #b74 ,x is surr\nd$ by a b& ( masks & roses & surm\nt$ by a cr[n4 ,x is an excell5t example ( ! "w ( its p]iod & "o ( ! mo/ admirable & beautiful specim5s 9 exi/5ce4 ,fig4 #ae is an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ! c&le/icks & tap]/icks =m]ly s widely us$4 ,tap]/icks 7 us$ to hold ! tap]s us$ ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae--;,,c&le ,,& ,,tap] ,,/icks4 7,f ! ,rees ,price ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseur47 9 seal+ lett]s4 ,t on ! left is ne>ly p]fect 9 /yle & ornam5tation4 ,tap]/icks are1 ( c\rse1 frequ5tly f\nd 9 ,georgian silv] & also 9 *9a1 g5]ally ) ! ink tray1 snuff]s1 & p[d] box to hold ! s& us$ 9 dry+ ! writ+4 ,! glass tap]/icks 7 g5]ally ab\t #g or #h 94 9 height & _h dom$ feet4 ,! c&le/ick ) ! twi/$ /em--:i*1 by ! way1 is ( r$ drawn glass--is ano!r f9e specim5 ( ! "w ( ?is p]iod4 ,unluckily1 examples are h>dly likely to be v easily f\nd2 l all fragile ?+s !y h suff]$ heavily at ! h&s ( ,"t4 ,fig4 #af is a repres5tation ( a v r>e type ( ru%-light hold] :i* dates f ,jacobean times4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! beauty & /yle ( ! ,georgian glass1 bo? e>ly & late1 h made x 9 great dem& to-day1 s t n only are enorm\s prices readily obta9$ = good specim5s1 b ^? prices are likely to be consid]ably enhanc$ 9 ! future4 ,nev]!less1 !re are /ill _m f9e specim5s to be obta9$ by a collector :o w take ! tr\ble to seek !m (f ! beat5 track4 ,_m ( !m are own$ by p]sons q ignorant ( _! real value2 h5ce x is obvi\s t !re is /ill suffici5t scope = ! collector ( ,georgian glass to acquire specim5s :i* are n only pleas+ 9 !mselves b :i* are likely to br+ him pr(it z well z pleasure4 ,x is only ess5tial to emphasise once m ! necessity ( c>e2 = glass1 unlike *9a1 has no m>ks by :i* its p]iod & place ( manufacture c be def9itely det]m9$1 & collectors c only base _! op9ions ^u su* qualities z %ape1 /yle1 col\r1 etc41 & 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( life1 ! amateur is apt to discov] ! tru? ( ! adage t 8a little k is a dang]\s ?+40 ,x is be/ 9 any case ( d\bt to ref] ! "q to "s "o :o is 9 a position to speak ) und\bt$ au?ority4 ,z to ! ,victorian ,age1 al?\gh x und\bt$ly produc$ _m f9e specim5s ( glass1 yet ! pieces h little appeal f ! collector's po9t ( view4 ,ap>t f ?is1 h[ev]1 x has _m m]its1 "s pieces t ,i h se5 hav+ be5 mo/ beautifully & *oicely cut & ) a f9e di/9ctive /yle4 ,b1 h[ev] *oice1 su* pieces h>dly fall )9 ! category ( ,old ,engli% glass1 & s lie beyond ! scope ( our inquiry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r>e ,,jacobean ,,glass ,,ru%-,,light ,,hold]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,specim5 ,,( ,,an ,,e>ly ,,engli% ,,w9e ,,glass4 ,,fig4 #af4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,memorial ,,glasses ,no specim5s ( ,engli% glass h great] fasc9ation = ! collector ?an ^? :i* d]ive _! int]e/1 ap>t f _! intr9sic m]its1 f _! association ) "s hi/orical ev5t1 "s great cause1 or "s fam\s p]sonage4 ,=tunately = su*1 our ance/ors 9 ! palmy days ( glass manufacture freely avail$ !mselves ( ! possibilities ( ?is =m ( adv]tisem5t & commemoration1 s t a consid]able numb] ( memorial pieces are /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,_m ( ^! 71 ( c\rse1 m]ely int5d$ to record "s happ5+ ( purely local significance3 ! build+ ( a bridge1 ! op5+ ( a canal1 ! laun*+ ( a %ip2 or1 n>r[+ ! int]e/ /ill fur!r1 ! bir? ( a son or ! m>riage ( a daught]4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 _h a wid] appeal3 a great national victory on sea or l&1 ! w9n+ ( an election1 or ! passage or defeat ( a hotly conte/$ ,bill 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,all 7 suitably inscrib$ & g5]ally dat$--a fact :i* adds to _! importance & value--& frequ5tly decorat$1 9 addition to ! usual conv5tional designs1 ) a m or less crude pictorial repres5tation ( ! ev5t or ( "s important factor connect$ ) x4 ,?us ! battle ( ,trafalg> w\ld be indicat$ by a picture ( ! fam\s victory or by a portrait ( ,nelson4 ,frequ5tly su* glasses 7 d$icat$ to ! glorification ( "s fam\s h]o1 z 7 ! ,nelson glasses1 ,keppel glasses1 etc42 or to ! fur!rance ( "s great cause1 z ! ,jacobite glasses1 ) :i* we %all h pres5tly to deal at l5g?2 or1 aga91 to ! diffusion ( "s political pr9ciple4 ,! collector mu/1 h[ev]1 be *>y ( assum+ t a memorial glass 0 necess>ily contempor>y ) ! ev5t x records4 ,! w>n+ is p>ticul>ly necess>y 9 ! case ( ,jacobite glasses1 ( :i* l>ge numb]s 7 made by fai?ful adh]5ts ( ! ,h\se ( ,/u>t long aft] ! ,jacobite cause _h be5 relegat$ to ! limbo ( lo/ hopes4 ,& x is p]haps unnecess>y to add ! fur!r w>n+ ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--;,,jacobite ,,toa/+ ,,glasses4 7,f ! ,rees ,price ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseur47 t 9 connection ) old glass1 z ) o!r antiques1 ! supply seems someh[ my/]i\sly to adapt itself to ! dem&2 & x is ! easie/ & lea/ detectable ( frauds to take a v]itable old glass ( no p>ticul> m]it1 & by inscrib+ x ) a motto & an emblem or two1 increase its value tw5ty-fold4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 mu* old glass /or$1 m or less inaccessibly1 9 anci5t h\ses up & d[n ! c\ntry1 & e n[ & aga9 "s su* hidd5 treasure is br\ght to light4 ,b x may be g5]ally said t1 9 view ( ! fi]ce light ! mod]n craze = antiques has ?r[n ^u su* hid+-places1 ! prospects ( ! pres5t-day collector ( f9d+1 say1 a 8,fiat0 glass are s remote z to be practically negligible4 ,! ,jacobite glasses =m by f> ! mo/ important ( ,engli% memorial glasses4 ,!y 7 us$ by ! foll[]s ( ! ill-fat$ ,h\se ( ,/u>t1 n only 9 _! homes--:]e1 inde$1 _! use might be dang]\s--b 9 ! clubs & secret societies :i* met to keep alive ! ,pret5d]'s memory1 & to plot = 8 return4 ,great numb]s 7 probably made1 mo/ly1 x is ?\ght1 at ,newca/le1 :5ce ! manufactur]s might1 9 case ( ne$1 spe$ily retire across ! ,bord] & seek concealm5t f ! law among a sympa!tic population4 ,un=tunately1 few only rema91 = :5 ! toa/ _h be5 duly hon\r$1 x 0 a frequ5t cu/om to %att] ! glass1 t x might be us$ = no inf]ior purpose4 ,a simil> cu/om prevails /ill 9 c]ta9 milit>y messes1 ! /em ( ! w9e glass be+ snapp$ aft] ! toa/ ( ! reign+ mon>* has be5 duly drunk4 ,"s ( ! ,jacobite glasses1 h[ev]1 7 ( sup]ior quality & admirably inscrib$ & decorat$4 ,^!1 x is assum$1 7 c>ri$ f place to place by _! own]s1 (t5 9 prop]ly fitt$ cab9ets4 ,ea* memb] ( a ,jacobite club probably br\ght 8 own glass1 :i* 0 /or$1 ) ! o!rs1 betwe5 ! meet+s1 9 a secret receptacle2 ! possession ( su* a glass be+1 ( c\rse1 treason4 ,?us x is t _m h be5 pres]v$--frail memories ( a lo/ cause & symbols ( a loyalty z unp>allel$ z incompreh5sible4 ,at ?is di/ance ( "t x is difficult to und]/& ! glam\r t surr\nd$ ! ,/u>t cause & ! weal? ( loyalty t 0 lavi%$ on objects s pa9fully unwor?y4 ,james ,i4 0 a =eign] to ,engl& & ,engli% s5tim5t1 & ) none ( ! qualities t w9 admiration or e/eem4 ,he 0 unga9ly1 g>rul\s1 va91 p$antic1 &1 above all1 c[>dly 9 an age :i* plac$ physical c\rage z ! fir/ ( human attributes4 ,ev5 8 n inconsid]able intellect fail$ to comp5sate = an utt] lack ( ev]y?+ else :i* 8 "t f\nd wor?y ( admiration4 ,*>les ,i4 0 a tyrant1 n>r[1 mean1 ob/9ate1 & unscrupul\s--a man )\t ability1 a k+ )\t hon\r4 ,8 dea? is ! "o bright spot 9 a dre>y & disa/r\s record1 = 8,no?+ 9 8 life ,became him l ! leav+ ( x40 ,*>les ,,ii41 gay1 witty1 ins\ciant1 reckless1 _h1 x may be grant$1 c]ta9 qualities t take ! common ta/e1 b he 0 utt]ly pr(ligate1 entirely )\t pr9ciple4 ,he sold ,engl& to ,france1 betray$ ,holl&1 robb$ ! ,/ate & ! ,navy1 & />v$ 8 sailors to flatt] 8 mi/resses4 ,james ,,ii4 0 cold1 call\s1 cruel--a sycophant to ! /rong & a tyrant to ! weak4 ,he 0 a bigot1 & unscrupul\s 9 8 bigotry4 ,he 0 no less lic5ti\s ?an 8 bro!r ?\gh mu* m a hypocrite4 ,:at 0 ! glam\r t made m5 give _! all--h\se1 weal?1 l&s1 & ev5 life itself--to bol/] ! fall+ =tunes ( an unwor?y l9e & re/ore x to ! ?rone f :i* x _h be5 twice driv5 by an outrag$ p8 ,b we are digress+4 ,!re is1 9 any case1 no d\bt z to ! glam\r :i* surr\nds ! ,jacobite glasses 9 ! eyes ( ! collector ( to-day4 ,! great] "p ( ^! glasses 7 us$ 9 "o or o!r ( ! v>i\s clubs or societies :i* sprang up = ! purpose ( propagat+ ,jacobite pr9ciples & fur!r+ ! ,jacobite cause--:i* meant1 9 brief1 plott+ = ! d[nfall ( ! ,h\se ( ,hanov]1 & 9 a h>d-dr9k+ age x 0 cle> t _! consultations c\ld n h be5 c>ri$ on )\t a consid]able consumption ( /rong liquors1 & a consequ5t adequate supply ( glasses1 ! majority ( :i* 7 probably engrav$ 9 "s way or ano!r di/9ctive ( ! occasion4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( su* clubs 0 ! ,cycle ,club1 f\nd$ 9 #agaj by ,sir ,watk9 ,wynn1 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,,jacobite ,,goblets4 7,f ! ,rees ,price ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseur47 & "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( commemorative glasses ref]s to him3 8,let no deceipt )9 y\r glass be f\nd1 ,b glori\s ,watk9's heal? g briskly r\nd40 ,! motto ( ! ,cycle ,club appe>s to h be5 ! ,lat9 8,fiat0 78,may x happ5071 & ?is ^w is g5]ally f\nd engrav$ on ,jacobite glasses1 :i* are1 9 consequ5ce1 (t5 ref]r$ to z 8,fiat0 glasses4 ,a 8,fiat0 glass is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ba1 & o!r excell5t specim5s ( ,jacobite glasses 9 ,fig4 #ai4 ,ano!r motto is 8,r$eat40 ,! be/ ( ! ,jacobite glasses be> ! portrait ( 8,bonnie ,pr9ce ,*>lie0 on ! b[l1 encircl$ by a wrea? ( laurel1 flank$ on ea* side by ,scotl&'s emblematic ?i/le4 ,o!rs h two roses support+ ! laurels4 ,sometimes !re is ! ,/u>t rose1 ) two buds1 a ref]5ce1 p]haps1 to ,james ,,ii4 & 8 two sons4 ,! design1 too1 n unfrequ5tly includes an oak leaf1 a ref]5ce to ,*>les ,,ii4's escape f ! ,r\ndheads1 aft] ! battle ( ,worce/]1 by tak+ refuge 9 an oak1 :ile 8,f> bel[ ! ,r\ndhead rode ,& humm'd a surly hymn40 ,"s also are engrav$1 9 addition1 ) a />--! symbol ( a hope nev] realis$ by ! hapless ,/u>t l9e4 ,mo/ ( ^! emblems may be f\nd 9 ! two specim5s %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai4 ,i h sometimes f\nd ! portrait ( ! ,pret5d] ) oak leaves1 ?i/le1 & rose1 9 place ( ! usual 8,fiat10 & ! motto 8,aud5tior ,ibo40 ,^! glasses h usually air-drawn or knopp$ /ems & funnel-%ap$ b[ls4 ,^! ,jacobite glasses are among ! luckie/ 8f9ds0 ( ! collector ( ,old ,engli% glass1 & x is ne$less to say t ! greate/ c>e is ess5tial 9 pur*as+ any?+ :i* purports to be a g5u9e specim54 8,fiat0 glasses1 especially ^? be>+ ! portrait ( ! ,pret5d]1 are imitat$ 9 consid]able numb]s & g5]ally dispos$ ( ?r\gh ! %ops ( small c\ntry deal]s1 pawnbrok]s1 etc42 b ,i h se5 specim5s1 ev5 9 gall]ies & l>ge %ops 9 ,london1 :i* 7 flagrant frauds1 a fact :i* %\ld h be5 p]fectly pat5t to ! v5dors4 ,s caveat emptor4 ,frequ5tly ! ord9>y te/s = ! antiquity ( ! glass are useless1 s9ce ! piece is itself g5u9e old glass ( ! prop] p]iod & ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai--;,,jacobite ,,glasses4 7,f ! ,rees ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseur47 only ! engrav+ mod]n1 & ?is is giv5 a spuri\s appe>ance ( age by rubb+ d[n ) s& & e>?1 & by all[+ ! l9es ( ! patt]n to become fill$ ) du/ & dirt4 ,a te/ t may be f\nd useful is to hold ! piece 9 a /rong light1 :5 "s "p ( ! engrav$ portion may be f\nd unt\*$ by ! 8treatm5t10 & be>+ 9 its cle>ness & %>pness ( l9e conv9c+ evid5ce ( its rec5t orig94 ,( ! ,jacobite glasses1 ^? d$icat$ to ! ,old ,pret5d] are entirely beyond ! hopes ( ! ord9>y collector4 ,a few exi/ 9 old c\ntry h\ses dott$ up & d[n ! c\ntry & 9 v>i\s museums4 ,"o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum be>s ! mottoes 8,cognoscunt me mei0 & 8,premium ,virtutis40 ,"y ,pret5d] glasses are naturally mu* m num]\s1 & x is probable t specim5s may /ill be f\nd 9 out-(-!-way places4 ,special f9ds ( ,jacobite glasses are occasionally made1 a :ole set be+ discov]$ 9 "s unexpect$ hid+-place4 ,"o su* set is ! fam\s ,oxburgh ,hall f9d1 n[ to be se5 & admir$ 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,elev5 ,jacobite glasses 9 all 7 discov]$1 eight ( !m be+ 8,fiat0 glasses4 ,f\r ( !m1 ( a l>g] size1 be> ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales' fea!rs on ! upp] surface ( ! foot4 ,"o is ! glass inscrib$ to ,sir ,watk9 ,wynn1 previ\sly m5tion$1 & "o is ( special significance1 9 t x be>s 9 addition to a portrait ( ! ,"y ,pret5d] an inscription1 unique 9 ! hi/ory ( ,jacobite glass3 8,*>les ye ,great1 ye ,brave1 ! ,j & ,good ,britania's ,pr9ce ye noble/ ( h] ,bld4 ,?y ,glori\s ,feats ye ,_w may ,pro ,britania's ,glory & ,brita9e ,%ame40 ,z poetry ! v]se und\bt$ly leaves some?+ to be desir$1 al?\gh z a panegyric x is fairly compreh5sive4 ,t fact w1 h[ev]1 9 n[ise detract f its unique int]e/ 9 ! eyes ( ! collector1 :il/ ! mo/ rabid ,jacobite--if su* a p]son /ill exi/s--c h>dly fail to be satisfi$ ) su* a :olesale & :ole-he>t$ te/imony to ! m]its ( ! lead] ^: cause he _h esp\s$--! luckless ,pr9ce1 ^: doom x 0 to be always rememb]$ 8,ov] ! wat]10 8,great1 ,brave1 ,j1 ,good1 ,britania's glory10 & ! re/6 ,?is 0 a h]o inde$1 sans peur et sans repro*e4 ,ev5 ! leg5d>y ,ar?ur ( ,r\nd ,table fame c\ld h>dly claim m4 ,a critic might sugge/ t ! portrait :i* appe>s on ! o!r side ( ! glass is h>dly wor?y ( ^! exalt$ s5tim5ts1 ?\gh 9 po9t ( arti/ic m]it x may fitly *all5ge comp>ison ) ! quality ( ! v]se4 ,! 8,*a/leton0 glasses =m ano!r fam\s ,jacobite set4 ,!re are two decant]s & elev5 w9e glasses4 ,! glasses are engrav$ ) ! rose & two buds1 repres5t+1 presumably1 ,james ,,ii4 & ! two ,pret5d]s1 & ! ,cycle ,club motto1 8,fiat40 ,9 addition !re is an oak leaf4 ,:e!r ?is is an allusion to ! fam\s ,royal ,oak ( ,boscobel1 9 :i* ,*>les ,,ii4 took refuge aft] ,worce/]1 z previ\sly m5tion$1 or is m]ely ! di/+ui%+ m>k ( ! ,engli% ,jacobites1 j z ! ?i/le 0 ! badge ( _! ,scotti% comrades1 is obscure4 ,! decant]s are /ill m int]e/+1 hav+1 9 addition to ! rose & its two buds1 two oak leaves & a compass1 ! ne$le ( :i* po9ts to a /> app>5tly ris+ t[>ds ! z5i?--probably 9 hopeful anticipation ( ! =tunes ( ! ,jacobite cause4 ,miss ,:itmore ,jones1 ! pres5t own] ( ,*a/leton1 claims t ^! 7 made at ,d]by4 ,glasses ?us elaborately inscrib$ d n exhau/ ! li/ ( ,jacobite glasses4 ,9 _m cases ! rose emblem appe>s alone1 )\t ! incrim9at+ 8,fiat0 :i* w\ld inevitably convict ! own] ( treason4 ,9 o!r cases ! emblem 0 hidd5 f ! casual eye by be+ engrav$ und]nea? ! foot4 ,! times 7 p]il\s ones1 & x behov$ c>eful folk to ex]cise ! greate/ caution2 h5ce arose all ! sy/em ( symbols & cat*words associat$ ) ! ,jacobite cause4 ,byrom sums up _! attitude 9 ! well-kn[n v]se3 8,god bless ! ,k+1 ,i mean ! fai?'s def5d]2 ,god bless--no h>m 9 bless+--! ,pret5d]2 ,b :o pret5d] is1 or :o is k+1-- ,god bless u all1--t's q ano!r ?+40 ,x is possible to meet1 "h & !re1 ) glasses d$icat$ to ! e>ly ,georges1 b ^! are few &1 to say ! tru?1 are lack+ 9 ! int]e/ t _! romantic & tragic hi/ory ?rew ov] ev]y?+ associat$ ) ! hapless ,/u>t l9e4 ,williamite glasses are m num]\s4 ,!y1 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--,,memorial ,,toa/+ ,,glasses--,,jacobite ,,& ,,williamite4 ( c\rse1 date f ! revolution ( #afhh1 :5 p>ty feel+ on ! "o side ran z high 9 fav\r ( ,dut* ,william z x did on ! o!r 9 fav\r ( ! ,h\se ( ,/u>t4 ,_m ( !m 7 und\bt$ly produc$ 9 ,irel&1 ! m int]e/+ commemorat+ ! battle ( ! ,boyne4 ,"s be> ! portrait ( ! ,k+--g5]ally cross+ ! ,boyne on horseback4 ,su* specim5s are exce$+ly r>e4 ,lat] ones be> only an inscription1 8,to ! ,immortal ,memory10 or 8,to ! ,immortal ,memory ( ! glori\s ,k+ ,william10 ) possibly a rosebud4 ,^! are1 ( c\rse1 m ord9>y1 b are /ill wor? collect+1 provid+ ! pur*as] c assure himself t !y h n be5 specially prep>$ = 8 b5efit4 ,! phrase above quot$ is possibly a rem9isc5ce ( ! toa/ giv5 at ,orange meet+s3 8,to ! glori\s1 pi\s1 & immortal memory ( ! great & good ,k+ ,william1 :o fre$ u f ,pope & pop]y1 knav]y & slav]y1 brass money & wood5 %oes0--q a cr$itable record ( a*ievem5ts4 ,! 8boot0 glasses1 to :i* we ref] among ! freaks1 7 probably made 9 l>ge numb]s 9 ,george ,,iii4's reign to te/ify to ! national hatr$ ( ,"l ,bute1 ^: punn+ emblem1 8! boot10 0 burnt by ! mob 9 a ?\s& bonfires1 :e!r ju/ly or unju/ly hi/ory fails to say4 ,b !re is no d\bt t ,bute 0 hat$ ) a fury almo/ )\t prec$5t1 & ! ,k+'s "m1 ^: fav\rite he 01 0 hat$ ) equal int5sity4 ,9 #agfc a jack-boot & a petticoat 7 publicly burnt at ,temple ,b>1 & a cr[n$ ass l$ ?r\gh ! /reets by a man 9 a ,scotti% plaid4 ,boot glasses are g5]ally f f\r & a half to five in*es 9 height4 ,!y are (t5 m\ld$ to repres5t lac+s 9 ! front & trimm+s at ! sides1 & 7 d\btless us$ = /rong wat]s1 cordials1 & liqueurs4 ,memorial glasses inscrib$ ) ! names ( our great seam5 are1 ( c\rse1 num]\s4 ,"o to ,admiral ,hawke1 inscrib$ 8,success to ! ,briti% ,fleet0 & dat$ #bj? ,novemb] #agei1 0 evid5tly made 9 commemoration ( ! battle ( ,quib]on ,bay1 9 :i* t great seaman1 delib]ately ignor+ ! fight+ in/ructions1 flung conv5tion to ! w9ds & won a />tl+ victory1 & fre$ ,brita9 f ! dread ( a ,fr5* invasion4 ,simil> glasses ,illu/ration3 ,a 8,,fiat0 ,,glass ,,%ew+ ,,/u>t ,,rose ,,) ,,six ,,petals4 ,,union ,,glass1 ,,circa4 #ahja4 ,,armorial ,,glass4 ,,williamite ,,glass4 ,,fig4 #ba4 be> ! names ( ,boscaw51 ,rodney1 ,anson1 ,keppel1 & ,nelson4 ,! 8,nelson0 glasses1 z may be suppos$1 are p>ticul>ly int]e/+4 ,"s be> ! h]o's portrait2 o!rs are adorn$ ) a repres5tation ( 8 fam\s flag%ip2 o!rs1 aga91 7 made 9 commemoration ( 8 dea? & 8 burial 9 ,/ ,paul's ,ca!dral4 ,"o su* specim5 describ$ by ,mr ,h>t%orne des]ves special m5tion4 ,x is a goblet r m ?an #h in*es 9 height1 on ! /raight-sid$ b[l be+ engrav$ a repres5tation ( ! great ,admiral's fun]al c> 9 ! %ape ( a %ip4 ,on ! /]n is ! hi/oric "n ,victory4 ,at ! pr[ /&s an emblematic figure ( ,victory1 be>+ 9 "o h& a laurel wrea? & 9 ! o!r a bran* ( bay4 ,on ! canopy ( ! c> is inscrib$ ! ^w 8,trafalg>10 bel[ x ! "n 8,nile40 ,x is /at$ t ! glasses 7 made = ! (fic]s ( ! ,victory1 ea* ( :om receiv$ "o 9 memory ( 8 *ief4 ,! ord9>y commemoration glasses made at ! "t ( ,nelson's fun]al1 & publicly sold z memorials ( ! ev5t1 h on ! "o side a repres5tation ( ! fun]al c> & on ! o!r1 encircl$ by a laurel wrea?1 ! words3 ,9 ,memory ( ,,"l ,,nelson ,jan #i #ahjf ,! date is t ( ! public fun]al4 ,^! glasses 7 probably made 9 consid]able numb]s1 b are n[ v r>e4 ,ap>t1 h[ev]1 f ! fun]al glasses great numb]s ( pieces mu/ h be5 inscrib$ ) 8 "n z a te/imony to 8 popul>ity & ( ! public gratitude = 8 victories4 ,miss ,wilm] 9 h] book on 8,e>ly ,engli% ,glass0 gives an illu/ration ( a tumbl] inscrib$ ) ! names ( ,nelson1 ,duncan1 ,h[e1 & ,/ ,v9c5t & ! date #a/ ,augu/ #agih1 toge!r ) v>i\s nautical emblems4 ,b1 z we h said1 ! manufacture ( commemorative glasses 0 n conf9$ to occasions ( national importance1 nor 7 su* glasses d$icat$ only to national h]oes4 ,ev5ts ( v local importance 7 frequ5tly signalis$ 9 ?is way4 ,?us "o is inscrib$ 8,up to ,s[]by ,bridge1 #ageh10 & s]ves to record c]ta9 improvem5ts 9 ! ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,nelson ,,glass ,,fig #bb4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,commemorative ,,coronation ,,glass ,,( ,,k+ ,,george ,,iv4 navigation ( ! ,cald] ,riv]4 ,a gold5 fleece :i* also =ms "p ( ! decoration symbolises possibly ! comm]cial advantages likely to accrue !reby4 ,ano!r commemorates ! op5+ ( ! ,aire to ,cald] ,canal1 & be>s ! inscription1 8,success to ,trade & ,navigation40 ,o!rs be> political cries1 l a cid] glass 7,fig4 #bc7 f ! ,s+] ,collection4 ,x is *>act]i/ically engrav$ ) sprigs ( apple blossom & a b>rel1 presumably ( cid]4 ,ar\nd ! brim is ! leg5d1 8,no ,excise10 a probable ref]5ce to ! political agitation :i* foll[$ ! attempt ( ! ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]1 ,sir ,francis ,da%wood1 9 #agfc to impose a duty ( no less ?an #ds4 a hog%ead on cid]4 ,! next glass is f ! same collection4 ,x be>s a %ip engrav$ ^u ! b[l1 & has a ?ickly twi/$ opal /em & slightly wai/$ sides1 :i* give a peculi> *>m to its %ape4 ,on x are inscrib$ ! words1 8,success to ! ,eagle ,frigate--,john ,knill1 ,comm&]10 :i* seems to indicate t x 0 made to commemorate ! laun* ( t vessel4 ,! f9e air-twi/$ goblet1 :i* is ! l>ge/ 9 ! illu/ration1 belongs to a p]iod some:]e ab\t #agfj4 ,! figure depict$ is t ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 ,k+ ( ,prussia1 !n our ally & at ! z5i? ( 8 milit>y glory4 ,x 0 ?r\gh 8 aid t ,pitt 0 enabl$ to w9 our colonies ( ,india & ,am]ica on ! battlefields ( ,europe1 & ! exhortation to 8,keep x up10 :i* appe>s on ! glass1 0 evid5tly ! expression ( "s ,briti% sympa?is]'s goodwill4 ,possibly ! piece 0 made to celebrate "o ( ,fr$]ick's victories4 ,! o!r glass has a small portrait ) ! inscription1 8,long live ,george1 ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 #agei40 ,x is beautifully engrav$ & altoge!r "o ( ! f9e/ specim5s extant4 ,fig4 #bg illu/rates p>ticul>ly f9e & int]e/+ examples ( a tank>d1 a cov]$ j>1 & a grog glass--all excell5t ( _! k9d4 ,! tank>d on ! "r ( ! plate is engrav$ ) v9e leaves & bun*es ( grapes1 toge!r ) m>gu]ites1 & inscrib$ ) ! names ,joseph & ,jane ,burr[s1 & 0 probably a 8m>riage0 or 8betro?al0 glass4 ,! goblet ) a squ>e base :i* /&s to ! left ( ! plate 7,fig4 #bd7 is v qua9t4 ,!re is a repres5tation ( a sail+ craft ^u ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,,commemorative ,,glasses4 7,f ! ,rees ,price ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseurs47 "o side1 ) ! inscription1 8,! ,ann & ,bessie10 & on ! rev]se1 8,james ,oddie1 ,bromley10 probably ! "n ( ! own] bo? ( ! craft & ! goblet1 :o regi/]$ to po/]ity 8 pride 9 ! "o by means ( ! o!r4 ,?is glass1 ,i am in=m$1 0 ! prop]ty ( ! late ,a4 ,p4 ,trapnel1 ,esq41 a r5[n$ collector ( ,bri/ol porcela9 &1 ?\gh to a less degree1 ( old glass4 ,! cov]$ grog pot or j> 9 ! c5tre ( ! gr\p is arti/ically engrav$ ) roses & fe/oons1 ) ! inscription1 8,success to ! ,britannia1 ,edmund ,eccle/on1 #aggd40 ,= ! illu/rations ( sev]al ( ! above pieces ,i am indebt$ to ! c\rtesy ( ! late ,mr ,j4 ,t4 ,h]b]t ,bailey4 ,su* examples1 :i* _c fail to int]e/ ! lov] ( art z well z ! collector ( antiques1 amply te/ify to ! /rides :i* glass manufacture _h made 9 ,engl&1 & are also useful z indicat+ ! nature ( ! f9ds a collector may ev5 yet make 9 out-(-!-way places1 provid$ he w fir/ take ! precaution to acquire su* k ( ! *>act]i/ics ( old glass z w s]ve to protect him f be+ deceiv$ by mod]n reproductions4 ,"o does n1 = example1 expect to f9d engrav+ or cutt+ on e>ly importations f ,v5ice1 or t ! glasses made 9 commemoration ( v>i\s ev5ts inv>iably be> appropriate inscriptions1 by :i* !y may be imm$iately id5tifi$4 ,sometimes !re is a date alone1 sometimes a figure or m]ely initials1 & ! collector's imag9ation & hi/orical k1 z well z 8 exp]t acqua9tance ) ! qualities ( old glass1 are all call$ into play to det]m9e ! date & occasion :5 ! specim5 0 produc$4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t hi/orical & commemorative glass are v widely imitat$1 ! commone/ & mo/ plausible ( ! v>i\s =ms ( deception adopt$ be+1 z else:]e sugge/$1 to engrave "s comp>atively valueless specim5 ( real old glass ) figures exactly imitat+ ! g5u9e ?+1 & s giv+ x a fictiti\s value4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,,tank>ds ,,& ,,grog ,,glasses4 ,,e>ly #ah? ,,c5tury4 7,f ! ,rees ,price ,collection1 by p]mission ( ! ,connoisseur74 ,,*apt] ,v ,,bri/ol ,,& ,,nailsea ,,glass ,x is a matt] ( regret t ,bri/ol's anci5t fame = mak+ & cutt+ glass %\ld h s completely disappe>$4 ,9 ! palmy days ( its glass indu/ry x boa/$ no few] ?an fifte5 8glass-h\ses10 & x _h no rival 9 ! c\ntry ei!r z reg>ds ! quantity or ! quality ( its output4 ,?is 0 9 ! ye> #agfj4 ,?irty ye>s lat] ! fir/ glass-mak] appe>s on ! roll ( ! city's freem54 ,b sev5 ye>s previ\sly we read t a c]ta9 t[nsman 0 admitt$ a freeman ( ! city ^u 8 und]tak+ to tra9 a city s*oolboy1 z 8 appr5tice1 9 ! difficult art ( glass 8gr9d+0 )\t ! usual premium ( #g4 ,b z e>ly z #afff an ord] 0 made by ! ,city ,c\ncil to ! effect t 8no /rang] or =eign] %\ld presume to op5 a %op1 ei!r ) or )\t glass w9d[s1 "u a p5alty ( #e0--;a fact :i* seems to indicate t1 al?\gh glass w9d[s may /ill h be5 a novelty1 !re exi/$ facilities = _! supply if requir$4 ,ap>t f casual ref]5ces l ^!1 ! hi/ory ( ,bri/ol glass is entirely obscure4 ,b z ! trade returns = ! ye> #afie %[ t ! duty on glass = t ye> am\nt$ to #ag1fdb1 & t a 8drawback0 all[$ on export$ glass am\nt$ 9 ! case ( ,bri/ol to no less a sum ?an #bigf1 x is pretty cle> t by t "t ! indu/ry 9 ,bri/ol _h assum$ v consid]able dim5sions4 ,bri/ol glass is c]ta9ly ! mo/ beautiful ( all ,old ,engli% glass1 & !re is no d\bt t _m ( ! f9e specim5s "o sees1 bo? col\r$ & pla91 7 actually produc$ 9 ! factories ( t city4 ,! col\r+ ( ,bri/ol glass is exceptionally brilliant1 especially its deep blues4 ,! opaque milky-:ite w>e1 :i* is mo/ common1 is (t5 8ribb$0 ) :ite /reaks or ornam5t$ ) fl[]s 9 col\rs & gold1 or daub$ ) r$1 blue1 & yell[1 or ) "o ( ^! col\rs only4 ,fig4 #bi %[s specim5s ( bo? k9ds4 ,x is a matt] = great regret t ! factories r5[n$ 9 e>ly times = ! beauty & f9i% ( _! output did n ma9ta9 _! exi/5ce = a long] p]iod4 ,! exact date at :i* ! fam\s opaque w>e 0 made is op5 to consid]able d\bt1 b ! ye> #agfj _c be v wide ( ! m>k1 = reasons to :i* ,i h already ref]r$4 ,9 any case1 ! records ( ! city %[ t 9 t ye> its glass furnaces 7 9 full bla/4 ,we f9d record$ 9 #agae a beque/ ( *9a & glass1 & 9 a long acc\nt ( a fea/ giv5 to commemorate ! accession ( ,que5 ,anne !re is includ$ among ! exp5diture ( ! corporation an item ( #f1 #ads4 = glasses4 ,at fir/ glass 0 extremely co/ly3 ! corporation 0 call$ ^u to pay no less ?an #d1 #afs4 = 8a glass to be plac$ 9 ,mr ,ald]man ,l>o*e's coa*1 :i* 0 brok5 at ! gaol deliv]y40 ,f9e specim5s ( ! glass-work]'s art fet*$ extremely high prices4 ,! glass itself 0 exce$+ly brittle & easily brok5 z comp>$ ) o!r ,engli% & ,iri% glass4 ,x 0 frequ5tly decorat$ ) enamell$ col\r+1 & _m specim5s are f\nd ) f9ely curv$ & twi/$ h&les4 ,x 01 9 my op9ion1 ! object ( ! ,bri/ol glass-h\ses to imitate :ite porcela91 &1 9 support ( ?is idea1 we f9d manufactur$ 9 ,bri/ol glass su* articles z vases1 cups & sauc]s1 plates1 mugs1 & o!r ut5sils usually made f porcela9 & e>!nw>e4 ,( c\rse1 ! art ( manufactur+ ?is opaque :ite or milky glass 0 well kn[n abroad4 ,! :ite glass ( ,v5ice1 ( ,orleans1 & ( ,b>celona 0 already fam\s4 ,! *>act]i/ic feature ( its manufacture 0 ! l>ge am\nt ( lead & ! small quantity ( t9 employ$ z +r$i5ts--quantities altoge!r out ( proportion to ^? us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ord9>y transp>5t glass4 ,x is no v difficult task = an en?usia/ to f9d to-day excell5t specim5s ( ,bri/ol w>e4 ,its *>act]i/ic features are an extraord9>y f95ess 9 col\r & texture1 c\pl$ ) a delicate ta/e bo? 9 hue & =m4 ,! w>e1 too1 has a peculi> s(tness to ! t\* :i* is q *>act]i/ic1 & provides ! amateur collector1 once he has recognis$ x1 ) an excell5t te/ z to ! g5u95ess ( ! specim5 "u consid]ation4 ,! small] pieces are (t5 beautifully decorat$ ) pa9t$ or enamell$ fl[]s1 maid5hair f]n1 & ! l4 ,! illu/rations 7,figs4 #be-bf7 give an excell5t idea ( ! k9d ( decoration adopt$ by ! ma/] craftsm5 ( ,bri/ol4 ,! designs f\nd ^u ,bri/ol glass 7 also1 n[ & aga91 copies ( ^? f\nd on ,v5etian & ,fr5* pieces4 ,b1 g5]ally speak+1 ! decoration ( ,bri/ol glass 0 entirely ,engli% 9 conception & execution4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case :]e ! pieces 7 made = "s special occasion or purpose1 z1 = example1 ! commemoration ( "s ev5t ( national importance4 ,_m examples f ! ,bri/ol factories are to be f\nd 9 ! v>i\s museums1 especially at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 :]e 9 ! fam\s ,s*rieb] ,collection are "s ( ! f9e/ examples extant4 ,!re is1 = example1 a 8,v5etian glass0--purely ,bri/ol1 ( c\rse1 b on a ,v5etian model1 :i* is reproduc$ z a frontispiece to ?is volume--& also a pair ( c&le/icks beautifully ornam5t$ ) butt]flies1 wild fl[]s1 & leaves4 ,!y /& out z mo/ admirable specim5s f ! ,bri/ol factories4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ! ,bri/ol product1 s admirable 0 x 9 quality & appe>ance & s closely did x resemble ! real ,v5etian glass1 0 (t5 pass$ (f z ! product ( ! ,v5ice glass-mak]s--! pa/ma/]s ( ! art4 ,_m a collection1 o/5sibly hail+ f ,v5ice1 mu/1 on a clos] scrut9y1 be attribut$ to a place ( orig9 mu* ne>] home4 ,?is =m ( sub/itution 0 p>ticul>ly preval5t 9 ! case ( glass ornam5t$ ) :ite twi/$ ?reads & 9 ! case ( ruby-col\r$ glasses & mugs4 ,_m ( ! e>lie/ specim5s 7 left 8raw0 at ! base1 & if ! f+] be drawn across ! ends ! exi/5ce ( %>p edges w become app>5t4 ,?is is a te/ ( reasonably good value1 z ,i h f\nd on m ?an "o occasion :5 ,i h be5 9 d\bt4 ,also1 & ) ! small] pieces 9 p>ticul>1 x 0 almo/ univ]sal ) ! ,bri/ol manufactur] to leave unt\*$ ! 8m>k0 or place :]e ! piece 0 nipp$ f ! bl[]'s tube4 ,mod]n reproductions1 :il/ fai?fully obs]v+ & imitat+ all ! beauties ( ! model1 h g5]ally _! bases p]fectly smoo?4 ,ev5 :]e ! 8m>k0 has be5 imitat$ to give an add$ air ( v]isimilitude to ! specim51 ! ?+ has be5 ov]done1 & t s ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,bri/ol ,,glass ,,decant] ,,decorat$ ,,) ,,opaque ,,:ite ,,enamel4 ,,! ,,^w 8,,m\nta90 ,,be+ ,,! ,,"n ,,( ,a ,,k9d ,,( ,,spani% ,,w9e ,,us$ ,,9 ,,?is ,,c\ntry1 ,,circ4 #agfj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,specim5 ,,( ,,bri/ol ,,glass ,,mug1 ,,) ,,! ,,^w 8,,lib]ty40 ,,fig4 #be4 awkw>dly z inevitably to lead to detection4 ,sometimes1 too1 9 ! imitation1 ! col\rs us$ to produce ! milky-:ite tone cease abruptly1 leav+ ! 8m>k0 p]fectly transp>5t4 ,9 g5u9e old ,bri/ol ! col\r fades gradually1 leav+ only ! v tip ( ! 8m>k0 cle>4 ,ano!r good te/ is to place ! specim5 9 a /rong light1 pref]ably sunlight4 ,if1 :5 exam9$1 ! col\r is mix$1 ! piece is ( d\btful au!nticity4 ,spuri\s specim5s (t5 run 8cl\dy0 or pat*y1 possibly because ( bad mix+4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 a useful te/1 provid$ "o does n rely ^u x entirely1 = c]ta9 specim5s ( und\bt$ au!nticity display some:at simil> features4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,i rememb] an old dr9k+ flask m>k$ ) irregul> /reaks ( :ite1 :]e ?is te/ w\ld h prov$ absolutely mislead+4 ,possibly ! 8feel0 ( ! glass is ! be/ crit]ion1 g5u9e old ,bri/ol be+ mu* s(t] to ! t\* ?an any mod]n imitation4 ,s _m pitfalls await ! av]age collector ( ,bri/ol glass t ,i %\ld h>dly advise anyone to make ?is 8 sole hobby1 = al?\gh x is /ill possible to f9d small pieces--cups1 salt-cell>s1 small b[ls1 f+] bas9s1 mugs1 & ! l--! really important pieces ( ,bri/ol glass are few1 & !y & _! own]s are pretty well kn[n to ! cognosc5ti4 ,at any rate ,i h n met anyone1 9 rec5t ye>s1 :o c\ld boa/ ( a consid]able f9d 9 ?is direction4 ,a v f9e specim51 describ$ z 8,old ,bri/ol1 #agfj10 0 put up = sale "s eighte5 mon?s ago1 ne> ,london4 ,its g5u95ess 0 fur!r gu>ante$ by a label pa/$ on ! base1 %[+ t x _h pass$ ?r\gh a well-kn[n ,london auction-room4 ,! own]1 a deal] 9 a small way1 fail+ to f9d a cu/om] 9 ,london1 _h put x into ! sale ( ! effects ( a cottage4 ,x 0 b\ght 9 by its own] = #c1 #cs41 & ev5tually at ! end ( ! day realis$ only #cfs4 ,i saw ! piece subsequ5tly4 ,x 0 obvi\sly a reproduction1 ?\gh a v good "o1 & c]ta9ly wor? :at 0 giv5 = x2 b z he _h pur*as$ x z real old glass1 & at a proportionate figure1 x w1 ,i fancy1 be a long "t be=e he aga9 endeav\rs to secure a b>ga9 9 ,old ,bri/ol4 ,i h kn[n _m su* in/ances1 & z a result ( my exp]i5ce ,i h come ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,,specim5s ,,( ,,bri/ol ,,glass4 7,enamel ,col\r+ by ,mi*ael ,edk947 to ! conclusion t1 :ile pieces ( ,bri/ol c be pick$ up n[ & aga91 p>ticul>ly 9 ! we/ ( ,engl&1 x w n pay ! amateur collector to conf9e himself to ?is p>ticul> v>iety4 ,i am indebt$ to ,mr ,cole ( ,s\? ,molton ,/reet1 ,london1 = ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #bf7 ( a pair ( v f9e e>ly ,bri/ol vases :i*1 al?\gh undecorat$1 are exquisite 9 col\r & =m1 & a beautiful example ( ! mak]'s art4 ,! frill+ r\nd ! base des]ves special notice4 ,! c5tral piece 9 ! photograph is a long-neck$ vase decorat$ ) col\r$ enamels1 & kn[n to be ! "w ( ,mi*ael ,edk91 a ,bri/ol enamell] ( di/9ction4 ,if c>efully exam9$1 x af=ds ample evid5ce ( ! skill & pa9/ak+ c>e to :i* ! be/ specim5s ( ?is w>e owe _! arti/ic m]it4 ,spiral w9e glasses are /ill (t5 to be f\nd 9 or ne> ,bri/ol1 & ! fact t ^! are r>ely f\nd 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry seems to indicate t !y 7 a fav\rite =m ) ! ,bri/ol glass-mak]s4 ,among ! examples ( ,bri/ol w>e "h reproduc$ 7,fig4 #bg7 is includ$ a pair ( vases4 ,^! rank among ! f9e/ specim5s /ill extant ( ,mi*ael ,edk9's "w4 ,?is tal5t$ arti/ 0 a pa9t] ( "s m]it1 :o gradually drift$ into glass pa9t+1 & = "s tw5ty-six ye>s1 f #agfb to #aghh1 0 engag$ by v>i\s firms to decorate _! w>e ) birds1 fl[]s1 etc4 ,he 0 also1 x may be add$1 a s+] & an actor ( no little di/9ction4 ,fig4 #bf %[s a pair ( c&le/icks1 #f in*es 9 height1 f ! ,briti% ,museum ,collection4 ,!y are excell5t examples ( ,edk9's ta/e & delicacy ( execution4 ,great quantities ( glass decorat$ by him mu/ h be5 export$1 & ,i h f\nd und\bt$ specim5s ( 8 "w 9 ,rome & ! museums ( o!r ,cont95tal cities ,i h visit$4 ,"o ( ! v f9e/ specim5s ( 8 art is a ri*ly gilt & decorat$ tea-tray1 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ,practical ,geology4 ,ano!r example f ! ,briti% ,museum ,collection is ! f9e mug1 ornam5t$ ) a portrait & ! ^w 8,lib]ty0 9 gold1 possibly made by "s sympa?is] ) ! revolution>y _s :i* /rongly affect$ ,brita9 z well z ,france t[>ds ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--,,specim5s ,,( ,,opaque ,,:ite ,,bri/ol ,,glass4 #ah? ,,c5tury4 7,decorat$ by ,m4 ,edk947 ,edk9 also decorat$ _m blue gr\nd pieces1 & x is int]e/+ to le>n t 8 remun]ation = ! ornam5tation ( a jug 9 col\r & gilt1 :i* mu/ h tak5 a consid]able "t1 0 ! lordly sum ( #h;d41 a /rik+ comm5t>y ^u ! value plac$ ^u skill$ craftsman%ip 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,l _m o!r arti/s he _h to be cont5t ) ! po/hum\s rew>d :i* fame be/[s4 ,! ,bri/ol factories are said to h made all sorts ( articles1 flasks1 bells1 walk+-/icks1 bell[s1 etc41 9 glass1 b !re is mu* unc]ta9ty on ?is head1 & ,i d\bt if ! great] "p ( su* articles classifi$ z com+ f ,bri/ol %\ld n1 z a matt] ( fact1 claim ,nailsea z _! place ( orig94 ,we c c]ta9ly ascribe oil1 v9eg>1 & pepp] pots1 c&le/icks1 salt-cell>s1 & vases to ,bri/ol1 z ! da9tily decorat$ pepp] & sug> ca/ors1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg1 prove1 s t x is at lea/ possible = ! o!r articles enum]at$ also to h be5 made !re1 b :]e !re is s mu* unc]ta9ty1 ! collector :o desires to be on ! safe side _h bett] refra9 f giv+ ,bri/ol ! b5efit ( ! d\bt4 ,x mu/ n be inf]r$1 h[ev]1 t all ,bri/ol glass is ( ! opaque k9d4 ,! magnific5t piece %[n 9 ! frontispiece is q transp>5t1 ! app>5t opacity ( ! backgr\nd ( ! l&scape be+ due to enamel laid on ! glass4 ,! f9e decant] reproduc$ 9 ,fig4 #be is also an example ( :at ,bri/ol c\ld d 9 transp>5t glass1 ! decoration1 "h aga91 be+ 9 enamel4 ,nailsea ,glass4--,! glass-works ( ,nailsea 7 e/abli%$ 9 #aghh1 a few miles to ! s\?-we/ ( ,bri/ol1 & 71 = "s "t1 c>ri$ on ) success2 b ! w>e 0 crude & lack+ 9 ! f9i% *>act]i/ic ( ! be/ ,bri/ol specim5s4 ,! e>lie/ pieces 7 made ( yell[i% or d>k gre5 glass1 ) blot*es ( :ite1 z 9 ! jug %[n 9 ,fig4 #bh4 ,!y 7 usually v inf]ior 9 /yle1 col\r1 texture1 & workman%ip1 & 7 consequ5tly n greatly s\ght aft] by pur*as]s2 h5ce ! output 0 re/rict$1 & ! factory aft] a :ile seems to h conf9$ its ef=ts to produc+ pla9 :ite glass ) qua9t & curi\s =ms ( decoration4 ,a pair ( bell[s1 = example1 0 decorat$ l ! f9s ( a fi%1 ) t9y projections & sp9es all ov] x4 ,t[>ds ! ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--;,,e>ly ,,nailsea ,,glass ,,jugs4 ,,e>ly #ai? ,,c5tury4 end ( its c>e]1 :i* clos$ 9 #agfc1 ! output 0 a cle> glass ( gre5i% t9t1 ) fa9tly col\r$ /reaks4 ,fig4 #bi is a *>act]i/ic example4 ,i h also se5 a few pieces gilt4 ,! glass is n[ exce$+ly sc>ce1 & good specim5s comm& a v high price4 ,!re is a curi\s *>m ab\t ,nailsea glass4 ,9 appe>ance1 ! be/ specim5s are ( a d>k t(fee-l col\r1 & :5 held up to a /rong light exhibit a gre5i% t+e4 ,! light] & f9] k9ds display a *>act]i/ic gr\nd :i*1 if n beautiful1 is c]ta9ly qua9t4 ,collectors :o are =tunate en\gh to come across a specim5 ( ,nailsea at a reasonable figure %\ld und\bt$ly seize ! opportunity ( acquir+ x1 b su* opportunities are few &1 7 !y m num]\s1 x is h>dly likely t anyone w\ld wi% to =m a l>ge collection ( x4 ,! 8,simpson0 ,jug1 illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #bh1 is transp>5t1 b ( a curi\s yell[i%-gre5 t+e1 & is probably "o ( ! la/ pieces produc$ at ! old factory4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,iri% ,,glass--,,cork ,,& ,,wat]=d ,! hi/ory ( ! manufacture ( glass 9 ,irel& is v obscure1 & ! dates ( its v>i\s p]iods difficult to fix4 ,h5ce x is well-nigh impossible to place be=e ! read] any reliable data 9 ! way ( photographs ( pieces t c be gu>ante$ au!ntic bo? z reg>ds place ( orig9 & date4 ,yet num]\s specim5s d exi/1 includ+ dr9k+ glasses ( all %apes & sizes1 z well z fruit di%es1 ep]gnes1 sweetmeat glasses1 decant]s1 & salt-cell>s1 :i* are und\bt$ly ,iri% 9 _! orig91 & :i* are g5]ally kn[n z 8,wat]=d0 glass4 ,z f> z c be det]m9$1 glass-mak+ 9 v>i\s =ms1 enamell+1 & ev5 mosaic "w & cameos1 7 c>ri$ on 9 ,irel& z e>ly z ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,! f9e/ examples ( ! e>lie/ p]iod are to be f\nd 9 ! ,royal ,iri% ,antiquities ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--,,nailsea ,,jug ,,& ,,mug4 ,collection1 :i* includes ! fam\s ,ardagh ,*alice1 ! ,t>a ,broo*1 ! ,cross ( ,cong1 & ! ,crozi] ( ,clonmacnoise1 z well z o!r well-kn[n & int]e/+ exhibits4 ,at any rate1 exp]ts are agre$ t ev5 at ?is e>ly date ! art ( enamell+ on glass 0 practis$ 9 ,irel&1 be+ probably introduc$ by ! ,phnicians :o1 9 turn1 _h acquir$ ! art f ,anci5t ,egypt4 ,9 support ( ?is belief is ! fact t a l>ge piece ( r$ enamell$ glass 0 f\nd 9 ! ,ra? ( ,cal*on on ,t>a ,hill2 b x is equally cle> t ! art ( glass-mak+1 if introduc$ at ! "t m5tion$1 spe$ily fell into desuetude1 = !re is no m5tion ( any manufacture ( glass betwe5 ! n9? & ! sev5te5? c5turies1 nor are !re to be f\nd any specim5s :i* may be attribut$ to ?is p]iod4 ,!re are1 fur!r1 no traces ( ! manufacture ev5 ( w9d[ glass ( ! commone/ description4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 !re 7 _m int]e/+ squabbles ) reg>d to glass-mak+ pat5ts & _! infr+em5t1 & !re are records ( petitions to ! ,k+ conc]n+ !m2 b f ! ,pat5t ,roll ( ,k+ ,james ,i4 x appe>s t little 0 done4 ,/ill1 we h x on record t p]mission 0 giv5 to import glass 9 #afge1 & x is sugge/$ t craftsm5 9 ,irel& attempt$ to imitate ! "w ( ,cont95tal glass-work]s1 & v>i\s sums ( money 7 grant$ by ! ,univ]sities & o!rs int]e/$1 to assi/ !m 9 s do+4 ,"s progress und\bt$ly 0 made1 = x is cle> t by ! eighte5? c5tury factories 7 9 exi/5ce & glass 0 be+ actually made 9 ,dubl91 ,wat]=d1 ,cork1 ,belfa/1 & ,londond]ry4 ,"s examples ( e>ly ,wat]=d glass are1 z f> z %ape & size g1 replicas ( glasses made 9 ,engl& at ab\t ! same p]iod1 b ! reason = ! almo/ imm$iate popul>ity ( ! ,iri% glass 0 its p]fection ( col\r4 ,a f9e specim5 :i* rec5tly came "u my notice is a pres]ve j> ) cov] 7,fig4 #cj71 ab\t #ah in*es 9 height1 h&somely cut & %ap$1 ) a squ>e base & a f9e spik$ cov]4 ,x is und\bt$ly "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( e>ly ,wat]=d glass :i* x has be5 my privilege to inspect4 ,g5u9e ,wat]=d glass is *>act]is$ by a peculi> blui% t9t 9 its body--due1 x is g5]ally recognis$1 to ! pres5ce ( lead--b ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,wat]=d ,,glass ,,wat] ,,jugs4 #ah?-#ai? ,,c5tury4 ,,fig4 #cj4 attribut$ by "s to "s peculi> quality ( ! fl9t employ$1 :i* 0 obta9$ f pits 9 ! vic9ity4 ,p]sonally1 ,i lean to ! =m] hypo!sis4 ,cork glass1 on ! o!r h&1 is di/+ui%able by a pale yell[ or amb] t9t--9 all probability ! result ( ! pres5ce ( iron4 ,^! tones are *>act]i/ic1 = ?\gh ! col\r+ ( glass has be5 br\ght by mod]n work]s to a f9e art1 yet no "o has succe$$ 9 exactly reproduc+ !m s t1 to ! exp]t eye1 ! g5u9e old ,iri% glass is unmi/akable4 ,ab\t ! ye> #agec ! ,dubl9 ,society (f]$ a premium = ! e/abli%m5t ( a glass factory 9 ,c\nty ,cork4 ,!re seems1 h[ev]1 to h be5 "s reluctance 9 tak+ advantage ( ! (f]1 = x 0 n until #aghb t ! fir/ glass factory 0 e/abli%$ !re4 ,!n ,atwell ,hayes1 ,?omas ,burnett & ,francis ,ri*>d ,r[e dem&$ assi/ance f ,p>liam5t 9 c>ry+ on ! indu/ry4 ,!y propos$ to erect two h\ses1 "o = bottles & "o = w9d[ glass &1 f _! adv]tisem5ts appe>+ %ortly aft] 9 ! ,iri% pap]s1 (f]+ to sell glass at _! manufactory1 & gu>antee+ satisfaction1 x w\ld appe> t _! v5ture met ) consid]able success4 ,f #aghj onw>d ,cork export$ a good deal ( glass4 ,9 ! ye> #ahja alone1 ! consid]able numb] ( #aaa1jjj dr9k+ glasses 0 s5t to ,am]ica1 ,portugal1 & v>i\s o!r places abroad1 :ile 9 ! next ye> !re is record ( #fabi doz5 bottles & #dj1jjj dr9k+ glasses be+ %ipp$ abroad1 :i* indicates a consid]able output4 ,! tr\ble involv$ 9 f\nd+ su* an indu/ry 9 ^? days mu/ h be5 consid]able4 ,9 ?is case1 two ye>s 7 tak5 up 9 procur+ ! necess>y concessions1 b ! indu/ry1 once />t$1 took firm root1 & ! adv]tisem5ts appe>+ 9 ! ,press--9 p>ticul>1 ,! ,hib]nian ,*ronicle 7,may #aghd7 & ,! ,cork ,new ,ev5+ ,po/ 7#agib71 copies ( :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! ,museum ( ,dubl9 ,antiquities1 indicate :at progress x 0 mak+ &1 incid5tally1 possess a curi\s int]e/ f _! qua9t word+ & sett+ =?4 ,! foll[+ is an example3-- 8,) *oice/ glass f ,wat]=d1 ,decant]s1 ,rumm]s1 ,draws1 & ,masons1 ,flutes1 ,hob-nobs1 ,cr(ts1 & ,f+] ,bas9s1 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,wat]=d ,,b[ls4 #ah?-#ai? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,engli% ,,& ,,iri% ,,cel]y ,,b[ls4 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,pro( ,bottles1 ,goblets1 ,cans1 & ,w9es1 ,pun* ,juggs1 ,liqueurs1 & ,g>dev9s1 ,salts1 ,mu/>ds1 ,salads1 ,butt] keel]s1 ,& all t's sold by o!r deal]s4 ,engrav$ or cut 9 newe/ ta/e1 ,or pla9--:i*ev] pleases be/4 ,lu/res repair$ or ,poli%$ bright1 ,& brok5 glasses mat*$ at sight4 ,hall globes ( e size & %ape1 ,or old ones hung & m\nt$ *eap40 ,9 /yle1 z we h already said1 ,wat]=d glass closely approximates to ,old ,engli% ( ! ,georgian p]iod4 ,if any?+1 h[ev]1 ! cutt+ 0 deep]1 ! angles & spikes be+ (t5 s %>p z to make x dang]\s to grasp ! pieces tightly4 ,num]\s table s]vices ( glass ( ?is p]iod exi/1 z well z decant]s1 pun* b[ls1 & di%es4 ,all are deeply cut1 ! *ief designs be+ ! hobnail & diamond patt]ns4 ,sometimes we f9d flut$ /ems & f9ely cut spik$ or /rip$ sides4 ,! majority ( ! l>g] pieces1 su* z ! pun* & salad b[ls1 _h squ>e feet or bases :i*1 :ile possibly add+ to _! /ability1 c]ta9ly enhanc$ ! beauty ( _! appe>ance4 ,! salad b[l %[n on ! left ( ,fig4 #ca is an excell5t example3 ! coll> or turn-ov] at ! rim is rem>kable = its dep? & also = its sup]b cutt+4 ,! b[l on ! "r is a rem>kable specim5 ( v uncommon type4 ,x is oval 9 %ape--a %ape n easily bl[n ev5 at ! pres5t "t--& has facet cutt+ ^u ! outside z well z a p>ticul>ly f9e cut scallop$ edg+4 ,! base1 too1 is 9 admirable keep+ ) ! re/ ( ! design4 ,fig4 #cb is ano!r p>ticul>ly f9e piece ( ,wat]=d glass1 wor?y ( note z an example ( hobnail cutt+1 z well z = ! dep? ( its coll> & its g5]al effectiv5ess4 ,! cel]y b[ls %[n 9 ,fig4 #ca are also admirable specim5s4 ,t on ! left is wai/$ & is 8/rawb]ry0 cut4 ,! c5tre "o is an example ( f9e flut$ & diamond cutt+1 ) a squ>e base & dom$ foot1 & ! "o on ! "r has a coll> & is flat cut on ! middle ( ! b[l4 ,oval or oblong di%es = fruit or sweetmeats 7 (t5 made ) fan-%ap$ rims & sides1 high 9 ! c5tre1 !n slop+ d[nw>ds1 to rise aga9 to an equal height at ! ends4 ,old ,iri% cut-glass salt-cell>s are greatly s\ght aft] n[adays = ! d9n]-table1 & h1 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,wat]=d ,,c5trepiece1 ,,) ,a ,,d\ble ,,coll> ,,& ,,dome ,,foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,pair ,,( ,,old ,,wat]=d ,,pres]ve ,,j>s1 ,,cov]s ,,& ,,/&s4 ,,fig4 #cb4 ) collectors1 almo/ completely ou/$ ! old ,georgian silv] 8salts40 ,!y 7 (t5 exquisite 9 design & %ape1 "s be+ m9iature models ( ! l>ge pun* b[ls or sweetmeat glasses4 ,! illu/ration 7,fig4 #ad7 is ( an imitation pair 9 ,old ,%effield /&s4 ,! wat] jugs also are ( exceptional int]e/4 ,!y 7 usually %ap$ on a f9e & graceful model1 & are heavily cut into /ep or deep-r+$ incisions g5]ally ) massive ornam5tations ( leaves or panel cutt+s r\nd ! neck1 & diamond cutt+s & flat flut+ at ! base4 ,s eag]1 inde$1 7 c]ta9 ( ! design]s to ensure t no "p ( ! jug %\ld be )\t its ornam5tation1 t !y w5t s f> z to adorn ! h&les ) deep cutt+ inside1 & plac$ a huge1 deeply cut /> on ! outside bottom4 ,weighty sub/ance & weal? ( ornam5t are ?us *>act]i/ic ( ,wat]=d glass1 al?\gh x is1 ( c\rse1 impossible to say t all ,iri% glass display+ ^! qualities came f ! ,wat]=d h\ses4 ,! jugs illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cj are among ! f9e/ specim5s 9 exi/5ce1 & are f ! ,dubl9 ,museum ,collection4 ,a c>eful inspection w reveal mo/ ( ! *>act]i/ics to :i* we h ref]r$4 ,! figure on ! left is ! type mo/ famili> n[adays2 ! neck is /ep cut1 ! body is 8/rawb]ry10 & ! base is flat flut$4 ,! c5tre piece is a jug ( ! e>lie/ %ape1 & is curi\sly cut4 ,a b& ( /rawb]ry cutt+ r\nd ! wide/ "p ( ! body is flank$ top & bottom by b&s ( leaf cutt+2 ! lip seems s disproportionately l>ge z to give ! piece an almo/ top-heavy appe>ance4 ,! h&le1 too1 is abnormally l>ge1 & is incis$ on ! inside4 ,its int]e/ is r m hi/orical ?an arti/ic4 ,! ?ird1 on ! "r1 is a f9e example ( flat cutt+1 ! rim be+ scallop$ & ! h&le deeply scor$ ) 8ni*es10 besides be+ lavi%ly ornam5t$4 ,! base is curi\s 9 t x is dom$--a v unusual =m = a jug4 ,_m ( ! ,wat]=d pieces1 especially ! pres]ve j>s ) turn-ov] coll>s1 7 made ) cov]s to protect ! upp] rim4 ,^! are v attractive pieces1 & are f\nd 9 all %apes & sizes4 ,! small] ones1 bo? ) & )\t coll>s1 are exce$+ly pretty & n difficult to acquire4 ,! f\r %[n 9 ,fig4 #cc give an excell5t idea ( :at to expect4 ,ea* is di/9ct1 bo? ,illu/ration3 ,,iri% ,,b[ls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,specim5s ,,( ,,iri% ,,pres]ve ,,j>s ,,& ,,cov]s4 #ah?-#ai? ,,c5tury4 ,,fig4 #cc4 z reg>ds design & ornam5tation4 ,x w be int]e/+ = ! read] to comp>e !m & discov] ! *>act]i/ic features ( ea*4 ,! decant]s :i* came into vogue 9 ! eighte5? c5tury display ! same g5]al "* & are v simil> 9 type to ! ,engli% decant]s ( ! same date4 ,?ree ( !m are %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd1 & x may be ( s]vice to comp>e !m ) ! f\r %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad4 ,! /opp] ( ! c5tral "o is ( ! button type1 ^? ( ! o!r two be+ ( ! m common 8mu%room0 v>iety4 ,! beautiful pair %[n 9 ,fig4 #ce des]ve a ^w ( special m5tion4 ,"o feature is ! lavi% use ( /ep cutt+ r\nd ! neck & %\ld]s1 & ano!r ! /rawb]ry empanelm5t on ! body4 ,! f9e diamond cutt+ & flut+ ( ! /opp]s are also wor?y ( notice4 ,dr9k+ glasses1 z we h said1 7 produc$ 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,!y are g5]ally ( two types1 ! "o b>rel or b[l %ap$ aft] ! fa%ion ( our ,engli% rumm]s1 ! o!r /raight-sid$ glasses on /ems4 ,! specim5s %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab give "s idea ( _! g5]al /yle z well z ( ! v>iety ( ornam5t employ$4 ,x may be well to po9t out "h1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o desire to acquire specim5s ( ,wat]=d glass1 "s ( ! _m diff]5ces :i* may be detect$ betwe5 ! g5u9e article & its mod]n imitation4 ,to beg9 ) a simple example--! prettily %ap$ w9e glasses ( ! p]iod ) air-?read$ or twi/$ /ems are g5]ally reproduc$ accurately en\gh1 b ! twi/ or ?read 9 ! old glass has a pron\nc$ milky appe>ance z comp>$ ) ! dead :ite ( ! mod]n reproduction4 ,! twi/ also is n s regul> & ev51 & ! feet are l>g] & app>5tly slightly clumsi] 9 ! au!ntic specim5s4 ,num]\s connoisseurs atta* importance to ! c5tre ( ! foot1 :i* is usually r\gh & unev5 9 ! old glass4 ,ano!r te/ frequ5tly reli$ ^u by collectors is ! fact ( ! foot be+ turn$ ov]--a fa%ion :i*1 x is said1 0 foll[$ only ) ! e>lie/ specim5s4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 ?is may provide corroborative evid5ce1 ,i %\ld be sorry to rely ^u x z a sole te/4 ,probably ! be/ crit]ion ( all is ! col\r4 ,x has1 z ,i h already not$1 a dull blui% t+e readily recognisable :5 ! specim5 is ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,cork ,,glass ,,decant]s 7,,e>ly #ah? ,,c5tury74 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,wat]=d ,,decant]s 7#ah?--#ai? ,,c5tury74 ,,fig4 #cd4 held up to ! light4 ,! bett] k9ds1 too1 h almo/ inv>iably a l>ge & deep-cut /> on ! bottom4 ,cork glass is r>] ?an ,wat]=d--a result due to ! fact t ! ,cork factories 7 9 exi/5ce only = a comp>atively %ort "t4 ,! pieces1 too1 are slight]1 less heavy1 & by no means s deeply cut4 ,x is mu* frail] 9 appe>ance &1 at ! fir/ glance1 less attractive2 b its great beauty is a *>m+ delicacy bo? ( col\r & =m :i* gr[s ^u "o's ta/e4 ,! w9e glasses 9 p>ticul> w\ld at once appeal to a connoisseur f ?is po9t ( view alone4 ,! ?ree decant]s %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd ne$ only be comp>$ ) ! ,wat]=d decant]s %[n else:]e = ! lack ( heavy cutt+ to be imm$iately notic$4 ,! c5tre "o is int]e/+ z be+ a commemoration piece probably made 9 ! ye> :5 ! ,cork ,yeomanry 0 =m$4 ,iri% glass 0 n unfrequ5tly pr(usely engrav$ & gilt4 ,! gild+ 0 done dur+ manufacture1 ! gold be+ burnt 9 by ! aid ( borax4 ,9 exi/+ specim5s mu* ( ! gild+ has be5 worn (f1 s t only traces rema94 ,9 cases :]e x has disappe>$ entirely a c>eful scrut9y w %[ pits & r\ghnesses1 indicat+ :]e ! decoration =m]ly /ood4 ,sometimes ! places c ev5 be disc]n$ by ! t\*4 ,dut*1 ,g]man1 & ,au/rian reproductions h f "t to "t flood$ ! m>ket to be sold to ! unw>y collector z v]itable specim5s ( ,iri% art4 ,b ^! on exam9ation are f\nd to be1 z a rule1 s co>se & unf9i%$ 9 _! execution t ! fraud is obvi\s4 ,! gild+1 9 p>ticul>1 is f> inf]ior to ! "w ( ! old craftsm51 :o 7 guid$ solely by ! arti/'s desire = p]fection1 irrespective ( toil or co/4 ,n[ & aga9 specim5s ( ,iri% m\ld$ glass crop up4 ,^! are *iefly p9t & half-p9t be] glasses ) flut$ sides & some:at sp>se engrav+4 ,! m\ld$ glass is1 ( c\rse1 easily detect$ s9ce ! edges ( ! flut+ are r\nd$ & blunt4 ,! pieces !mselves are usually absurdly light if int5d$ = ,cork glass1 or clumsily heavy if !y are int5d$ to pass = ! ,wat]=d v>iety4 ,a l>ge field1 !re=e1 op5s to ! av]age collector ( ,iri% glass4 ,x is wond]fully f9e & n too difficult to obta94 ,_m collectors ,illu/ration3 #ah? ,,c5tury ,,cut ,,glass ,,wat]=d ,,decant]s4 ,illu/ration3 #ah? ,,c5tury ,,f+] ,,b[l4 ,,fig4 #ce4 too1 9 _! desire to acquire only ! e>lie/ specim5s1 ov]look ! cut glass altoge!r z too mod]n4 ,9 spite ( ?is ,iri% cut glass is n[ m valuable & f> m s\ght aft] ?an any o!r4 ,aft] exhau/ive inquiries ,i am satisfi$ t 9 ,irel&1 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates specim5s ( g5u9e ,iri% glass are /ill to be f\nd1 (t5 9 ! mo/ unlikely places--! prop]ty ( p]sons :o c\ld n be expect$ to "k _! value & ( o!rs :o ought to b d n4 ,a little p]sonal exp]i5ce may be wor? repeat+ "h4 ,i 0 9 a small1 dilapidat$ g5]al %op ne> ! ,london ,docks2 ! %opkeep]1 fancy+ he detect$ 9 me a possible victim1 drew my att5tion to a pair ( cel]y glasses & began to descant ^u _! age1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ,cork or ,bri/ol glass1 & s on4 ,aft] ,i _h exam9$ !m c>efully & satisfi$ myself t !y 7 g5u9e--!y 7 ab\t #aj 94 high ) a v ?9 h]r+-bone cutt+ ^u _! flat-cut sides--,i ask$ ! price1 :i* 0 absurdly high2 !n1 disclos+ my id5tity1 ,i ask$ :at he w\ld say if ,i told him !y 7 n g5u9e b only reproductions4 ,to my utt] a/oni%m5t1 he exclaim$ t he 8mu/ h be5 done40 ,! price--8if !y 7 any use to me0--dropp$ consid]ably4 ,!n ,i told him !y 7 g5u9e1 & s5t a fri5d ( m9e1 :o is a collector1 to pur*ase !m1 b n )\t ! man endeav\r+ to obta9 a price :i* 0 n only f> above :at he _h ask$ me b consid]ably above ! real value ( ! articles4 ,i record ?is episode = ! b5efit ( my read]s :o may be tempt$ to dep5d ^u ! sell]'s op9ion = a gu>antee ( ! g5u95ess ( _! 8f9ds40 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ! ord9>y %opkeep]'s k is ( ! mo/ sup]ficial type & %\ld nev] be reli$ ^u1 :ile1 ( c\rse1 8 int]e/ lies entirely 9 "o direction4 ,rese>* fails to ?r[ mu* light ^u ! glass factory ( ,londond]ry1 nor is x easy to f9d pieces be>+ indisputable pro( ( _! orig94 ,b x is a fact t 9 #ahbj "o ,john ,moore trans=m$ a sug> e/abli%m5t 9 t city into a glass factory &1 ) 8 son1 c>ri$ on ! manufacture until #ahbe4 ,!n a prohibitive duty /opp$ x4 ,x is possible t only ! black ale bottles 7 manufactur$ !re4 ,z = ! glass export$ f ,londond]ry to ,am]ica1 x is difficult to det]m9e :e!r x 0 manufactur$ 9 t city or m]ely export$ !nce4 ,! latt] is ! m probable1 s9ce by ! ,act ( #agdf a duty ( #is4 #d;d4 0 impos$ on e cwt4 ( mat]ial us$ 9 mak+ ,cr[n plate1 fl9t1 & :ite glass 9 ,irel&1 z aga9/ a duty ( #bs4 #d;d4 p] cwt4 9 ,engl&1 f :i* x w appe> t ,irel& 9 ^? days _h no great inc5tive to manufacture glass 9 opposition to ,engl&4 ,x is almo/ impossible to obta9 au!ntic examples ( ! "w ( individual ,iri% factories4 ,nor c "o /ate ) any degree ( c]ta9ty t a c]ta9 patt]n1 cutt+1 or /yle is id5tifi$ ) any "o factory or ano!r4 ,bo? ! ,wat]=d & ,cork glass firms came f ,engl&1 & br\ght ) !m ,engli% workm54 ,h5ce x is pretty c]ta9 t ! designs & /yles adopt$ by !m 7 replicas ( ^? utilis$ 9 ,engl&1 & n peculi> to ,irel& or copies ( anci5t ,iri% relics4 ,s1 too1 ) ! ornam5tation4 ,possibly "s ( ! e>lie/ ,wat]=d glass 0 gilt1 = 9 #aghd "o ,john ,grohl obta9$ a concession = ?is purpose4 ,a native ( ,saxony1 he probably br\ght ) him ! secret ( 8 art1 = ! 8disclosure0 ( :i* he & a c]ta9 ,john ,h& 7 rew>d$ by ! ,dubl9 ,society4 ,! f9e/ diamond cutt+1 /rawb]ry cutt+1 & flat flut+ 7 done at ,wat]=d2 b pieces 7 n always cut at _! place ( manufacture4 ,?us we he> ( a ,wat]=d di% go+ to ,cork = ornam5tation ) ! *>act]i/ic designs ( ! factories !re4 ,! cutt]s1 too1 _h (t5 to decorate _! pieces to ! pur*as]'s ta/e4 ,!re seems to h be5 little col\r$ glass made 9 ,irel&1 al?\gh specim5s are n unfrequ5tly (f]$ = sale4 ,! writ] 0 (f]$ rec5tly1 on ! ,cont95t1 "s 8,old ,iri% glass0 ( p]fect col\r+--deep blue1 r$1 & yell[1 ) f9e heavy cutt+--b ! lightness ( ! pieces prov$ !m mod]n1 probably f "s ,dut* factory4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 conclud+ ?is *apt] a ^w may be giv5 to ,scotti% glass1 :i* is v l ,iri% 9 texture1 al?\gh its exi/5ce is commonly ignor$ by collectors & writ]s alike4 ,z an indu/ry glass-mak+ 01 ( c\rse1 ( little importance 9 ,scotl&1 b x is int]e/+ to le>n t 9 ! reign ( ,james ,,vi41 ,john ,m>ia dell' ,aqua ( ,v5ice 0 appo9t$ ,ma/] ( ! ,glass-,works 9 ,scotl&4 ,! fam\s liqueur glass %ap$ l ! fl[] ( ! ?i/le 0 probably f a ,bohemian orig9al4 ,x is heavily cut1 ) an acorn bottom ^u a r\nd /em1 & reproductions c be se5 9 almo/ e %op w9d[ t displays glass4 ,e>ly examples are difficult to obta9 & _! g5u95ess equally difficult to gu>antee4 ,x is assum$ t _m ( ! ,jacobite glasses 7 manufactur$ 9 ! ,scotti% factories4 ,secrecy be+ absolutely ess5tial1 x is h>dly necess>y to /ate t no au!ntic records ( production are to be f\nd4 ,! c\rtesy ( ! au?orities ( ! ,dubl9 ,museum has enabl$ me to add ano!r1 &1 f a collector's po9t ( view1 a mo/ int]e/+1 section on ! subject ( ,iri% glass4 ,! museum possesses "o ( ! f9e/ collections ( ,old ,iri% glass 9 exi/5ce1 _m pieces f :i* are reproduc$ 9 ! illu/rations to ?is *apt]4 ,^! illu/rations are ( pieces z ne>ly p]fect z x is possible to obta91 & are !re=e useful 9 enabl+ ! collector to =m a /&>d z reg>ds ?is p>ticul> =m ( glass4 ,! ?ree decant]s illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cd are und\bt$ly ,cork glass4 ,ap>t f ! fact t ! c5tre "o be>s an inscription1 8,success to ,cork ,yeom510 :i* seems to indicate t x 0 made ab\t ! "t ! ,iri% ,brigade 0 be+ rais$--e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury--x be>s all ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( ! ,cork factories4 ,! dr9k+ glasses 7,fig4 #ab7 are also und\bt$ly ,iri%1 ( ab\t ! same p]iod1 & probably came f ,wat]=d4 ,! read] %\ld c>efully note ! cutt+ ( ! two end pieces2 !y are ( totally diff]5t types1 ea* be+ p]fect 9 its own /yle4 ,t on ! left has ! hobnail cutt+ common 9 ,engl& ab\t ! "t :5 ! ,iri% factories 7 fir/ e/abli%$4 ,x 0 probably imitat$ f an ,engli% model or made by "o ( ! ,engli% craftsm5 :o 7 l>gely responsible = ! introduction ( glass manufacture into ,irel&4 ,! end glass on ! "r-h& side is an excell5t example ( ! grace1 beauty1 & simplicity associat$ ) ! be/ ,wat]=d pieces2 its flat-cut sides are *>act]i/ic ( its place ( orig94 ,i h occasionally se5 simil> specim5s 9 ,london1 & !y h always appeal$ to me z ! mo/ p]fect examples ( ! ,iri% dr9k+ glass ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! o!r two specim5s are ( ! same type z ! ,engli% rumm]s or pun* glasses2 !y are prettily engrav$1 & make an effective contra/ to ! o!r glasses ( ! same p]iod4 ,iri% cut-glass decant]s & /opp]s1 su* z ! specim5s illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cd1 are n difficult to f9d n[adays if "o is exp]t en\gh & c>eful en\gh to avoid ! _m imitations t exi/4 ,high prices are dem&$ = g5u9e pieces 9 :i* ! cutt+ & col\r are good1 & :i* satisfy ! te/s by :i* ! connoisseur judges ! antiquity ( 8 f9ds4 ,! c5tre decant] has a f+]-flut$ base1 & ! l5g? ( ! neck makes x an unusual specim54 ,possibly ! idea 0 to enable x to be m easily grasp$ & held :5 full2 b ! design is und\bt$ly graceful1 & ?is is "o po9t :i* ! amateur collector %\ld nev] ignore :5 seek+ to make a wor?y collection4 ,x is well to be> 9 m9d bo? arti/ic m]it & intr9sic wor?4 ,two o!r f9e e>ly specim5s ( ,wat]=d glass are illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ca4 ,! 8coll>$0 or turn-ov] fl[] b[l is a f9e example ( eighte5?-c5tury "w4 ,! cutt+1 x w be se51 is entirely diff]5t f t ( ! piece on ! "r2 = :]eas ! latt] is entirely flat cut1 ) ! exception ( its f9ely scallop$ edges 9 ! =m]1 ! :ole design is f9i%$ 9 ! 8flut$0 /yle4 ,9 bo?1 z 9 mo/ pieces ( ! k9d & p]iod1 ! 8dome0 or holl[ foot is f\nd4 ,! l>ge glass di% on a /& on ! o!r side is almo/ unique4 ,su* pieces are v difficult to f9d 9 _! entirety2 inde$1 ! only o!r exi/+1 to my k1 is 9 ! ,m>quis ( ,bute's collection4 ,p]fect specim5s are h>dly obta9able n[ except :5 a f9e collection is disp]s$ at ! dea? ( its own]4 ,ev5 !n1 z all su* notable pieces are well kn[n to collectors1 ! competition = !m is v ke51 & ! private buy]1 unless 8 purse is ( ! 8bottomless0 k9d1 is h>dly likely to obta9 !m4 ,occasionally "o may1 by happy accid5t1 come across a really f9e piece 9 "s unexpect$ qu>t]1 b su* *ances are few & f> betwe54 ,moreov]1 !re is always betwe5 ! f9d] & 8 f9d ! spectre ( ! fake m]*ant1 ^: wont x is to plant 8 mo/ s$uctive w>es 9 out-(-!-way places1 s z to give !m a fictiti\s appe>ance ( g5u95ess4 ,no important piece %\ld ev] be pur*as$ )\t an inquiry into its hi/ory4 ,x ought to be possible 9 e su* case to discov] suffici5t z to its orig9 & =m] own]%ip to place its bona fides beyond d\bt2 if n1 x is be/ to let ! app>5t b>ga9 g4 ,i rememb]1 n _m ye>s ago1 wait+ ^u a lady 9 a v ord9>y h\se 9 a ,london suburb4 ,%e _h repli$ to an adv]tisem5t 9 :i* ,i _h (f]$ to pur*ase old glass4 ,a glance 0 suffici5t to %[ me t h] collection conta9$ no?+ likely to appeal to my ta/e4 ,yet ,i did h a f9d2 = %e _h1 9 addition to :at ,i saw at fir/1 two di%es some:at simil> 9 %ape to a l>ge fruit di%1 b ) ! ciph] ,c4,r4 cut ^u ea* 7,fig4 #cf74 ,^! 7 actually made & pres5t$ to ,que5 ,*>lotte on a visit :i* ,h] ,maje/y paid to "s glass-works dur+ a t\r 9 ,irel&4 ,_! au!nticity 0 gu>ante$ by a lett] f an old tutor ( ! ,que5 relat+ ! circum/ances & h&+ d[n ! pieces z a relic4 ,! own] ask$ #ae = !m4 ,ne$less to say1 !y *ang$ h&s1 only to d s aga9 %ortly aft]1 & ?is "t at ! enhanc$ & respectable figure ( fifty-five gu9eas4 ,9 spite ( _! beauty & _! app>5t air ( g5u9e antiquity1 ,i %\ld h hesitat$ to pur*ase !m b = ! additional evid5ce af=d$ by ! lett]4 ,"o _c be too c>eful4 ,! sweetmeat glasses 7,fig4 #aa7 are p>ticul>ly f9e ( _! k9d4 ,ea* has its individuality3 ! "o has an opal-twi/$ /em ) a 8dome0 foot & a f9ely cut edge1 :il/ ! o!r displays "s exquisite cutt+ bo? on ! upp] "p & ! base4 ,^!1 aga91 are uncommon pieces1 n to be met ) e day nor easily procur$ :5 met4 ,/ill1 !y make a m frequ5t appe>ance at sales ?an ! l>g] pieces4 ,a m ord9>y v>iety is n s high & has flat sides & cutt+4 ,a g5u9e specim51 ?\gh1 is n to be despis$1 b ! type is "o v freely imitat$4 ,"s f9e cel]y b[ls ( ! same p]iod are wor?y ( note4 ,!y are excell5t specim5s ( ! art ( glass-cutt+ bo? z reg>ds design & f9i%1 & !y are some:at r>e4 ,z mu* z sev5 or eight gu9eas 0 rec5tly ask$ 9 ! ,we/ ,end ( ,london = a ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf--,,specim5s ,,( ,,iri% ,,glass4 pla9 example ) a slight h]r+-bone cutt+4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly g5u9e1 b 0 h>dly a supreme specim5 ( ! decorative cutt]'s art4 ,! price1 h[ev]1 w give "s idea ( :at w\ld be ask$ = su* sup]b specim5s z ^? reproduc$ 9 ! photograph4 ,! ,old ,iri% wat] jugs %[n 9 ,fig4 #cj are ( ! e>lie/ type4 ,t on ! left is ! patt]n mo/ (t5 se5 & mo/ g5]ally copi$2 9 fact1 dur+ ! ,e>ly ,victorian era mo/ jugs 7 ( ?is design4 ,x1 h[ev]1 orig9at$ 9 ! ,iri% factories4 ,! c5tre piece1 z well z ! jug on ! "r1 are bo? r>e2 possibly ! /yle 0 n (t5 repeat$4 ,c]ta9ly ! trem5d\s h&le plac$ ^u ! c5tre "o gives x a mo/ clumsy appe>ance1 :ile1 9 reg>d to ! "o on ! "r1 "o _c help feel+ !re is some?+ want+ at ! base4 ,!y 7 improv$ ^u t[>ds ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :5 small] h&les & firm] bases 7 add$ to ! design4 ,x is curi\s to note h[ 9 ?is k9d ( glass ! /rawb]ry1 or flat1 squ>e /yle ( cutt+1 prevails4 ,traces ( x appe> ^u almo/ e article1 s t x 0 evid5tly a fav\rite =m ( decoration1 & 0 possibly reg>d$ z a relief f ! flat1 scallop$1 or slip cutt+ !n 9 vogue4 ,on ! plate 7,fig4 #cc7 !re are examples ( sug> bas9s or b[ls1 9 :i* ! cutt+ is ( ! same k9d1 save t ! specim5 on ! "r is 8flat0 cut1 ) cut /eps4 ,?is v>iety is p>ticul>ly r>e1 & consequ5tly highly priz$ among collectors4 ,!y are usually ( /\t1 heavy glass1 ! cutt+ be+ v deep & ! edges ( ! 8flats0 %>p4 ,^! traits w1 ( c\rse1 n help ! collector to discrim9ate betwe5 ! v]itable antique & its mod]n replica4 ,b x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! mod]n is inv>iably m brilliant1 has a :iti% look1 & is 8clean]0 9 e detail ?an ! real glass ( ?is p]iod4 ,x may be m5tion$ t ! c5tre b[l1 al?\gh p>ticul>ly attractive1 is by no means s r>e z o!r specim5s figur$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,inde$1 pieces ( ?is "* & design are frequ5tly to be procur$4 ,/ill1 a g5u9e piece is well wor? ! collector's att5tion4 ,! same plate 7,fig4 #cc7 illu/rates "s r>e pickle or jam j>s1 display+ among !m all ! pr9cipal cutt+s !n 9 vogue4 ,! end "o on ! "r is ! only exception1 hav+ an engrav$ ornam5tation4 ,^! specim5s are frequ5tly copi$1 b orig9als are /ill to be obta9$4 ,! ,cork h\ses1 ! product ( :i* 0 f9] & slight] ?an o!r ,iri% glass1 turn$ out a great quantity ( ^!4 ,prices run f six gu9eas upw>ds4 ,!y are copi$ 9 great numb] 9 ,holl&1 (t5 9 small sizes & ) flat cutt+1 s t c>e mu/ be tak5 9 *oos+4 ,un=tunately ! di/9ctive features--design1 col\r1 & %ape--all readily l5d !mselves to reproduction &1 ) increas+ skill 9 imitation1 make x exce$+ly difficult to det]m9e betwe5 ! true & ! false4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,curi\s ,,& ,,freak ,,glasses ,hi!rto we h conf9$ our att5tion to :at "o may t]m ! legitimate dr9k+ glass 9 its diff]5t v>ieties4 ,b !re 7 _m freak glasses & curi\s objects made ( glass by our =efa!rs1 & ^! h a special fasc9ation = lov]s ( ! antique4 ,9 "s cases !y appeal because ( _! qua9tness & biz>r]ie ( =m1 9 o!rs because ( _! purpose1 :ile o!r examples h little to comm5d !m save _! antiquity4 ,"o curi\s specim5 :i* ,i came across n long ago 0 a flask 9 ! %ape ( a pair ( bell[s4 ,! nozzle 0 clos$ by a cork1 & !re 0 a hole 9 "o h&le ( ! bell[s by :i* x might be susp5d$ f a nail 9 ! wall4 ,x 0 probably employ$ by "s anci5t apo!c>y or al*emi/ to hold drugs4 ,i %\ld h>dly c>e to dogmatise z to its p]iod1 b x 0 unmi/akably ( ,engli% orig91 & c]ta9ly qua9t & int]e/+ en\gh to be wor? acquir+4 ,among ! common] 8f9ds0 ( ?is k9d are ! glass pap] weights1 made )1 app>5tly1 a bun* ( fl[]s inside1 :i* is visible :5 view$ lat]ally & disappe>s on a v]tical view1 :5 ! obs]v] sees no?+ b cle> glass4 ,i h se5 _m examples ( ?is k9d on sale 9 %op w9d[s 9 ,london1 & ! price ask$ is usually mode/ en\gh ev5 = a good specim54 ,9 old5 times x 0 cu/om>y to place names & dates ^u ! bottles :i* held ! be/ ale4 ,_m ( ^! are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 mo/ly1 h[ev]1 9 collections4 ,!y are c]ta9ly by no means beautiful z f> z appe>ance goes1 _! int]e/ be+ c5tr$ ^u ! date1 & ^u ! fact t ! practice has n[ be5 obsolete = _m ye>s4 ,to a casual eye ^! ale bottles appe> black1 b if held up to a /rong light a gre5i% t+e is pla9ly m>k$4 ,!y are v /\t & amaz+ly t\gh1 s t !y may ev5 be dropp$ ^u ! gr\nd )\t fe> ( break+ or *ipp+4 ,?is1 by ! way1 is (t5 put =w>d by exp]ts z ! be/ te/ ( _! g5u95ess4 ,! te/ is1 h[ev]1 some?+ on ! dra/ic side4 ,moreov]1 dropp+ o!r p's bottles to te/ _! bona fides is a practice h>dly likely to comm5d itself to ! sell]1 & "o :i* might prove unexpect$ly co/ly to ! connoisseur4 ,!re are _m o!r objects made 9 glass :i* are wor?y ( note--knife-re/s1 roll+-p9s1 walk+-/icks1 qua9tly %ap$ jugs1 baskets1 =ks1 bells & horns4 ,! knife-re/s (t5 assume mo/ curi\s =ms4 ,a n unfrequ5t type 0 t ( a h\nd runn+ at full /ret*1 =e & h9d legs widely ext5d$1 & ! body col\r$ to nature4 ,salt-cell>s1 too1 7 made1 l ! pap] weights be=e m5tion$1 ) sprays ( fl[]s inside4 ,^! 7 made 9 two pieces1 :i* 7 fus$ toge!r aft] ! fl[]s1 pa9t$ on pap] or ?9 canvas1 _h be5 plac$ betwe5 !m4 ,small glasses made 9 ! =m ( fl[]s or _! petals1 & glass buttons & beads decorat$ 7sic7 ) faces1 names1 dates1 initials1 etc41 are o!r examples ( freakwork 9 glass :i* ! amateur %\ld be glad to acquire4 ,possibly "o1 m =tunate ?an 8 fell[s1 may *ance across a 8toddy-lift]40 ,at fir/ sight ?is be>s a di/9ct resemblance to a t9y decant]2 on exam9ation1 h[ev]1 x w be f\nd to be )\t ei!r bottom or /opp]4 ,! toddy-lift]1 z its "n implies1 0 us$ in/ead ( a ladle = fill+ glasses ) pun* or toddy f ! b[l4 ,! op5 bell ( ! lift] 0 dipp$ into ! liquid & at once fill$4 ,!n ! op5+ at ! top 0 clos$ by ! f+] & ! 8lift]0 rais$ out ( ! b[l1 ! cont5ts be+ reta9$ 9 x by atmosph]ic pressure until ! f+] 0 remov$ f ! top1 :5 ! cont5ts 7 dis*>g$ into ! consum]'s glass4 ,"o w\ld imag9e t a ladle w\ld prove equally useful & m conv5i5t4 ,possibly1 h[ev]1 ! fact t ! toddy-lift] nev] spilt a drop ( its cont5ts1 h[ev] un/eady ! h& t held x1 0 n )\t its advantages 9 a h>d-dr9k+ age4 ,simil> pieces ( ,scotti% orig9 may be f\nd4 ,^! are usually m club-%ap$1 & are ev5 r>] ?an ! ,engli% examples4 ,none ( ! =ego+ pieces is p>ticul>ly difficult to acquire1 & x is comp>atively easy1 !re=e1 to =m an adequate collection ( really f9e specim5s4 ,by f9e ,i d n1 ( c\rse1 mean r>e or exceptional pieces1 b specim5s ( /]l+ m]it ( :i* ! collector may be pr\d & :i* are likely to increase 9 value4 ,!y are mo/ly 9 ! h&s ( p :o h no conception ( _! m]its1 ei!r pecuni>y or arti/ic4 ,a few ye>s ago ,i f\nd 9 an old book %op q a collection ( old ,bri/ol glass pap] weights4 ,! fact t ea* bore ^u x a view ( "s object or place ( int]e/ 9 ,bri/ol or its environs %\ld h furni%$ a direct clue to _! id5tity4 ,"o p>ticul>ly f9e specim5 0 us$ z ! lid ( an old glass ink-pot4 ,its own] readily p>t$ ) x z a ?+ ( no value1 = a few p5ce4 ,b x may int]e/ ! budd+ collector--no less ?an its late own] %\ld he by *ance read ^! l9es--to le>n t ! pur*as] resold x %ortly aft] = a v respectable sum to someone m appreciative ( its m]its4 ,freak glasses prop] include y>ds & half-y>ds1 boots1 cock$ hats1 frog glasses1 & trick glasses design$ to s5d _! cont5ts any:]e b 9 ! direction :i* ! w\ld-be consum] int5d$4 ,! y>ds & half-y>ds are great curiosities2 !y resemble no?+ s mu* z a coa*+ horn 9 %ape & size4 ,!re are two k9ds1 ! "o ! g5u9e old ,cambridge ale-y>ds1 & ! o!r trick glasses :i* _h ! knack :5 p>tially empti$ ( sudd5ly expell+ ! rema9d] ( _! cont5ts ) a spla% into ! dr9k]'s face1 to 8 great discomfiture & ! huge delight ( ! onlook]s1 :o _h probably arrang$ ! :ole ?+ = ! b5efit ( "s innoc5t p]son4 ,un=tunately1 9 ! sudd5 />t ) :i* ! dr9k] receiv$ ! unexpect$ disposition ( ! cont5ts ( 8 glass1 ! vessel itself 0 s frequ5tly damag$ t specim5s ( ale-y>ds are v difficult to obta94 ,x w be notic$ t 9 our illu/ration 7,fig4 #cg7 ! specim5 is crack$ ne> its m\?4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t any collector :o is =tunate en\gh to obta9 an example 9 reasonably good condition may e/eem himself =tunate4 ,z to ! reason ( ! sudd5 empty+ ,i _c d bett] ?an quote f ,mr ,h>t%orne1 an old fri5d & ! greate/ au?ority on ,old ,engli% glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,masonic1 ,toa/+1 & ,freak ,glasses4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,e>ly ,cambridge ,y>d ,ale ,glass4 ,,fig4 #cg4 8,! trick y>d glass arose f ! knob at ! end ( ! footless "o4 ,x 0 f\nd t on exp&+ into a bulb ! #8knob' or #8knot1' ! difficulty ( empty+ ! vessel 0 greatly increas$1 because :5 ?is feat 0 ne>ly accompli%$ ! air pass$ d[n ! tube into ! bulb & caus$ ! rema9d] ( ! cont5ts to fly into ! face ( ! dr9k]40 ,?is 0 by no means an uncommon occurr5ce 9 wayside inns ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! spectators (t5 bett+ ^u ! result4 ,at ! annual 8,v9is0 ( ! ,mock ,corporation ( ,hanley1 ,/affs1 ! initiation ( a memb] includ$ ! dr9k+ ( a y>d ( port1 :ile ! freeman ( ,/oke-on-,tr5t _h z a prelim9>y to admission to dispose ( a y>d ( ale4 ,to 8floor ! long glass0 at ,eton is also an accompli%m5t :i* _m nev] a*ieve4 ,i h se5 _m f9e specim5s1 notably "o belong+ to my old fri5d1 ,mr ,john ,george ,mortlock ( ,cambridge2 b x is r>e to f9d !m undamag$1 ! involunt>y j]k ( ! victim :o f9ds ! liquid spla%+ into 8 face be+ usually fatal to ! unwieldy glass4 ,ano!r simil> example is furni%$ by su* glasses z t %[n 9 ,fig4 #cg4 ,on ! "o side x is m>k$ 8,k+10 on ! o!r 8,t9k]40 ,! 8innoc5t0 invit$ to dr9k 0 ask$ to *oose f :i* side he w\ld dr9k1 &1 prompt$ by loyalty1 vanity1 or pure folly1 he 0 almo/ c]ta9 to dr9k ) ! k+ r ?an ! t9k]4 ,b artfully conceal$ 9 ! b& ( decoration r\nd ! rim 0 a s]ies ( small holes1 ?r\gh :i*1 :5 ! glass 0 tilt$1 ! liquor ran1 soak+ ! dr9k]'s wai/coat in/ead ( f9d+ its way d[n 8 ?roat4 ,possibly ! old coa*+ glasses may fitly f9d a place 9 ?is connection4 ,!y are )\t feet1 ! /em end+ 9 a bulb :i* 0 (t5 cut4 ,:51 9 ! old coa*+ days1 ! vehicle pull$ up at a wayside inn1 ! l&lord br\ght out 8 tray ) ! glasses inv]t$ ^u x4 ,!y 7 fill$ f ! bottle & empti$ at once--! idea be+ t z ! dr9k w\ld h to be consum$ at once1 !re 0 no ne$ to make ! glass s t x c\ld be set d[n :ile ! liquor 0 only p>tly consum$4 ,^! are n[ r>e1 & to discov] "o w\ld be a great a*ievem5t = ! ord9>y collector4 ,"o may also m5tion ! s++ glasses1 :i* 7 made to vibrate to a c]ta9 musical note1 & s w\ld repeat ! note :5 s\nd$ or sung1 j z ! /r+ ( a piano or viol9 w d4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 a great my/]y to unsci5tific p]sons1 b is susceptible ( a v simple explanation4 ,evelyn 0 greatly puzzl$ ov] ! ph5om5on4 ,c]ta9 glasses1 he rem>k$1 8made an e*o to ! voice1 b 7 s ?9 t ! v brea? broke !m40 ,! fact is1 ( c\rse1 t ! glass broke ?r\gh ! int5sity ( its own vibration1 j z a pane ( glass 9 a *ur* w9d[ w sometimes break :5 ! organ is us$4 ,! note play$ hav+ ! same p]iod ( vibration z ! pane ( glass1 ! latt] vibrates 9 unison ) x1 & if ! note is cont9u$ = suffici5tly long1 ! vibration becomes s int5se z to break ! pane4 ,x is = an exactly simil> reason t a regim5t ( soldi]s breaks /ep :5 m>*+ ov] a bridge1 = fe> t ! rhy?m ( ! m>* might *ance to co9cide ) ! p]iod ( vibration ( ! bridge1 & s set up rhy?mic movem5ts :i* might weak5 ! /ructure4 ,su* glasses are di/antly alli$ to ! musical glasses :i*1 :5 fill$ up to a c]ta9 po9t1 produce a musical note :5 ! b[l is ?r[n into vibration by ! f+] or a viol9 b[4 ,by fill+ su* glasses to diff]5t heights1 x is possible to produce a complete scale1 & s to play any desir$ tune4 ,o!r freak glasses take ! =m ( boots--"s ( ^! are q elaborate1 ! lac+ be+ imitat$ 9 glass-"w1 z also 7 spurs1 /raps1 etc4 ,! 8boot0 glass us$ to express ! popul> execration ( ,"l ,bute has be5 already ref]r$ to 9 ! *apt] on ,commemorative ,glasses4 ,!n !re are cock$ hats1 v>i\s birds & bea/s1 all highly inconv5i5t = ! purpose = :i* a glass is int5d$1 b all associat$ ) "s idea1 family cre/1 or p>ticul> sup]/ition4 ,!re are glasses f :i*1 ?\gh app>5tly full1 x is impossible to dr9k2 !re are o!rs1 ) t9y electric bulbs 9 ! base1 :i* light up on ! pressure ( a button1 irradiat+ ! cont5ts ) a gl[ ( light & add+ ,i "k n :at m]etrici\s attraction to ! cont5ts4 ,^!1 ,i ne$ h>dly say1 are mod]n1 & h no real place among ,old ,engli% glass4 ,"o ,i rememb] 0 =m$ at ! base into ! semblance ( an eye1 ) ! leg5d 8,eye-wat]10 a description ( ! probable cont5ts1 :i*1 x is to be fe>$1 0 borne out nei!r by _! de/9ation nor _! "*--unless1 inde$1 !y 7 ( s pot5t a nature z to br+ ! wat] into ! bibb]'s eyes4 ,ano!r curi\s example _h engrav$ ^u ! inside ( ! bottom ! figure ( ! gall[s-tree1 ) its gha/ly fruit1 & ! grim leg5d 8,! la/ drop40 ,:e!r ! mak] 0 a humori/ or a temp]ance re=m] anxi\s to po9t 8 moral 9 ! mo/ effective way1 ,i am unable to decide4 ,some:at simil> are ! glasses :i* h a frog or a snake at ! bottom1 possibly ) ! idea ( giv+ a mild surprise4 ,!re are _m o!r v>ieties4 ,inde$1 ! production ( freak glasses 0 only limit$ by ! imag9ation ( ! "t t produc$ !m1 & by its capacity = amusem5t1 & _h no relation to ta/e4 ,!y are r>ely produc$ n[adays3 possibly we h become m exact+ & less easily amus$ ?an our ance/ors4 ,?is is a s]i\s & a utilit>ian age4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,frauds ,,& ,,imitations ,presumably1 z long z !re is a dem& = old glass1 !re w be f\nd p]sons suffici5tly unscrupul\s to attempt to eke out ! v limit$ supply ( ! g5u9e article by impos+ ^u ! cr$ulity1 or ignorance1 ( collectors1 & supply+ !m1 greatly to ! v5dor's advantage1 ) m or less col\rable imitations ( :at !y desire4 ,i h 9 a previ\s *apt] dealt ) c]ta9 exp]i5ces ( my own ) reg>d to 8,fiat0 glasses4 ,t1 h[ev]1 0 only by ! way4 ,! subject ( frauds & imitations 9 ,old ,engli% glass is ( q suffici5t importance to w>rant a *apt] to itself4 ,!re is1 probably1 no dep>tm5t ( ! 8antiques0 belov$ ( ! collector 9 :i* !re is s mu* room = fraud z 9 ,old ,engli% glass1 & !re is c]ta9ly none 9 :i* imitation has be5 c>ri$ to a f9] po9t4 ,"o c h>dly blame ! manufactur] = ?is4 ,! dem& = old glass is mu* l>g] ?an ! supply1 & ! collector1 :o is desir\s ( no?+ s mu* z to complete 8 8set10 is insi/5t 9 8 inquiries4 ,b ! tr\ble comes :5 a reproduction1 altoge!r admirable 9 itself1 is pass$ (f = ! ?+ x is n--a g5u9e specim5 ( ! e>ly glass-work]'s art--be>+ a value proportion$ to its antiquity & presum$ r>ity4 ,i saw1 n long ago1 9 a silv]smi?'s 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&1 a great numb] ( specim5s set out = sale z g5u9e old glass1 at a price correspond+ to _! suppos$ value1 b e piece1 )\t exception1 belong$ to :at a connoisseur w\ld t]m ! 8bad age104 i4e4 any?+ f ! ye> #ahej onw>ds4 ,! deal]s mu/ h kn[n its p]iod & its wor?1 or r its wor?lessness1 & yet !y all[$ x to be sold z ! real ?+4 ,un=tunately1 ?is is no uncommon occurr5ce1 & x is a pity t ! practice _c be *eck$4 ,! ord9>y trad] is n p]mitt$ to sell m>g>9e z butt]1 or ! publican manufactur$ _s z pure grape br&y1 b ! deal] 9 antiques seems to claim a special lic5ce to impose ^u ! unw>y1 & may ) impunity--or1 at lea/1 (t5 does--pass (f z r>e specim5s ( anci5t craftsman's "w ?+s :i* to ! see+ eye are obvi\s & clumsy frauds1 & virtually wor?less4 ,nor is ! l>ge deal] ! only culprit4 ,small second-h& %ops teem ) 8fak$0 antiques1 & _m ( ^!1 & also c]ta9 pawn%ops1 make a great "p ( _! pr(it out ( ! unw>y & unskill$ hunt] = b>ga9s 9 glass1 *9a1 engrav+s1 sport+ pr9ts1 & all ! o!r objects t tempt a collector's eye4 ,fig4 #ad illu/rates a common type ( su* b>ga9s4 ,^! pieces 7 procur$ at a pawnbrok]'s e/abli%m5t 9 ,s\? ,london4 ,!y are obvi\sly imitations ( ,e>ly ,georgian salt-cell>s1 b !y 7 (f]$ to ! au?or z 8g5u9e old ,wat]=d sweetmeat di%es10 & !n z 8p]haps salt-cell>s10 & f9ally z 8old glass ice-cups10 at a price dw9dl+ f #cas4 #f;d41 ?r\gh #bes4 to #aes41 at :i* ,i pur*as$ !m z 8awful examples0 ( ! fate t awaits ! collector :o goes b>ga9-hunt+ 9 antiques ) an en?usiasm great] ?an 8 k4 ,x is difficult to lay d[n any h>d & fa/ rule by :i* to te/ ! g5u95ess ( specim5s discov]$ 9 ?is haphaz>d way4 ,possibly ! be/ is ! col\r 8te/40 ,does x look "r 9 col\r8--n too gre5 & n too /eely1 = crafty imitators (t5 t5d to ov]do ^! qualities4 ,does x be> too evid5t signs ( age8 ,"o has he>d ( *ips & 8hair0 scrat*es artificially produc$ 9 ord] to give x t appe>ance ( advanc$ age :i* is s grateful to ! eye ( ! collector & ! pocket ( ! v5dor4 ,y\r be/ plan is n to jump at once b to take a piece ( good glass ) y by :i* to te/ ! f9d & comp>e ! two z to col\r1 %>pness ( cutt+ & design1 & s on4 ,) caution y may expect n[ & aga9 to pick up 9 ?is casual way "s pieces wor?y ( y\r att5tion1 & maybe once or twice a specim5 wor? its place 9 any collection4 ,= good examples ( glass & *9a h be5 kn[n to be pawn$ = a fraction ( _! wor?1 nei!r ! depositor nor ! pawnbrok] hav+ ! slighte/ inkl+ ( _! value4 ,b ! %ops above all o!rs to be %unn$ by ! pick] up ( unconsid]$ trifles are ! %ops ^: w9d[s scream1 by ! aid ( pla/]$ tickets1 ( ! 8special b>ga9s0 to be obta9$ )94 ,! collector may well ab&on hope :o ent]s "h2 !re is probably n a g5u9e piece 9 ! place4 ,if !re is x occupies a prom95t place z a decoy duck1 & is g5]ally m>k$ at an absurdly l[ price1 ! salesman dep5d+ on 8 k ( human nature to foi/ (f some?+ else on ! unw>y or diffid5t cu/om]4 ,i h _h1 on occasion1 an unholy joy 9 ent]+ "s su* place & defeat+ all ! ef=ts ( ! salesman to div]t my att5tion1 c>ry+ (f ! only dec5t piece 9 ! place at a price possibly fifty p] c5t4 l[] ?an its intr9sic value4 ,b su* pleasures are n = all nor1 inde$1 = _m4 ,9 actual practice ! w\ld-be pur*as] is g5]ally told t t p>ticul> specim5 is n = sale1 t 8a cu/om] _h left x to be valu$10 8t x _h be5 put 9 ! w9d[ by mi/ake10 or "s o!r cock-&-bull /ory4 ,o!r places to be %unn$ are ! %am ,ori5tal baza>s :]e ,ea/]n jewell]y1 ,japanese ivories1 j>s1 fans1 beads1 etc41 are sold4 ,_m su* e/abli%m5ts cat] expressly = ! unw>y & unwise collector4 ,he w f9d1 if 8 hobby be glass1 glass ( all k9ds & descriptions f ,elizabe?an d[nw>ds1 & w be treat$ ) su* *>m+ solicitude & def]5ce t he may well become bl9d$ to ! fact t ! :ole /ock is c\nt]feit1 & t ! :ole atmosph]e ( ! place is specially design$ to conceal t awkw>d b ess5tial fact4 ,! *eat is assi/$ by ! delightful c\rtesy ( ! saleswoman4 ,b ap>t f ! scores ( recognis$ ways 9 :i* ?is nef>i\s bus9ess ( plant+ frauds on ! innoc5t is c>ri$ on1 !re are _m less obvi\s & consequ5tly m dang]\s traps = ! unw>y4 ,( ^! "o only he>s f ! victims !mselves4 ,?us "o1 attract$ by a specim5 9 a %op w9d[1 may become an int]e/$ li/5] to a conv]sation 9 :i* ! beauty ( ! said piece & its ph5om5al *eapness are ! !me4 ,x probably nev] occurs to ! dupe t ! respectable-look+ lady & g5tleman are 9 ! employ ( ! %opkeep]1 & t _! conv]sation 0 arrang$ entirely = 8 b5efit4 ,!n comes ! great "q ( sales1 private or o!rwise4 ,!re is ! complete cle>ance ow+ to ! proprietor's dea?4 ,!re is a w9d[ full ( miscellane\s /ock1 includ+ c]ta9 good pieces4 ,!re is also ! notice1 8,no?+ sold until ! #ba/40 ,by ! #ba/ ! few good pieces1 hav+ a*iev$ _! object1 h disappe>$4 ,b ! cr[d !y h attract$ is !re1 & is !re ) ! int5tion ( buy+--& buys6 ,aga91 !re is ! family compell$ by mis=tune to realise imm$iately all its assets1 & 9 s do+ to sacrifice ev]y?+4 ,:o w\ld n pick up a b>ga9 :5 to d s is to d a good turn8 ,all su* me?ods are transp>5t en\gh if "o /ops to consid] & to analyse4 ,b h[ seldom "o does6 ,a v f9e & lucrative trade is c>ri$ on 9 ,old ,bri/ol & ,nailsea glass1 = ! reason t 9 no o!r k9d ( glass is x s difficult to di/+ui% ! false f ! true4 ,! milky :ite surface l5ds itself p>ticul>ly to imitation4 ,i rememb] "s specim5s br\ght to me by a well-kn[n collector4 ,!y 7 a pair ( small bottles1 pepp] & v9eg>1 & my visitor 0 mightily pr\d ( 8 8f9d0 & 8 b>ga94 ,b on a c>eful exam9ation ,i fe> t he realis$1 ) "s s5se ( discomfiture1 t ! 8deceas$ ance/or0 :o _h be5 dangl$ be=e him 0 some?+ ( a my?1 & t ! specim5s 7 only mod]n reproductions & probably =eign at t4 ,to my surprise1 on visit+ a local museum on ! ,we/ ,coa/ rec5tly1 ,i f\nd ! same two pieces exhibit$ z specim5s ( e>ly ,bri/ol glass4 ,! be/ te/ = ?is description ( glass is c>efully to scrut9ise ! decoration ) a /rong magnify+ glass4 ,! magnification w reveal alike ! p]fection ( ! workman%ip ( ! real old ,bri/ol manufacture & ! pov]ty & r\ghness ( ! imitation4 ,fur!r1 ,bri/ol glass is s(t to ! t\*1 ) a beautiful smoo? body4 ,(t51 too1 on turn+ ! glass upside d[n y f9d 9 ! c5tre a cle> spot devoid ( ! opal t9t1 probably due to ! workman runn+ all 8 col\r (f at ?is po9t4 ,! 8fake0 w probably 9 addition to be+ r\gh 9 texture be light 9 weight & ( a milk & wat]y hue1 possibly ev5 ) a greyi% t+e4 ,! difficulty "o has 9 discrim9at+ betwe5 ! true & ! false 9 ?is connection is acc5tuat$ by ! fact t va/ quantities ( imitations ( old glass h be5 s5t ov] f ,g]many & ,au/ria1 & al?\gh !re is e probability t ! influx w cease = "s "t to come1 yet !re is1 un=tunately1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! amateur collector1 already 9 exi/5ce--9 ,engl& & ,am]ica--s l>ge a numb] ( specim5s ( ,bri/ol & ,nailsea glass ) a /rong ,teutonic 8acc5t0 t !re is no likelihood ( a de>? ( x = "s ye>s to come4 ,& al?\gh mu* ( x be>s su* obvi\s traces ( its orig9 t 8he :o runs may read10 yet mu* is s p]fectly cut & s simil> 9 appe>ance to ! g5u9e w>e t ! amateur is likely to be deceiv$1 & p>ticul>ly ! amateur :o1 hav+ le>n$ ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is make ( glass1 looks = !m 9 8 8f9d40 ,he w c]ta9ly discov] !m1 = is x n ! bus9ess ( ! a/ute manufactur] ( fakes to see t !y are !re8 ,8 bus9ess dep5ds ^u 8 ability to deceive ! w\ld-be connoisseur1 to :om1 9 ?is case1 ! possession ( a little k is an inf9itely dang]\s ?+4 ,! commone/ examples ( high-class frauds are di%es1 salt-cell>s1 decant]s1 & pres]ve j>s4 ,all su* %\ld be subject$ to a mo/ c>eful exam9ation4 ,if ! *>act]i/ics y h expect$ to f9d are p>ticul>ly evid5t1 all ! m caution is necess>y4 ,ev5 !n y w probably f9d t y w h to pay = y\r exp]i5ce4 ,= y\r com=t 9 mis=tune1 ,i may say t ,i h nev] yet met a collector :o _h n1 9 ! beg9n+1 fall5 a victim to ! wiles ( ! 8fake-h\se40 ,& only by ! exp]i5ce s ga9$--& un=tunately paid =--has he le>nt to %un ! net t is spread1 9 va91 9 ! sight ( any 8old0 bird4 ,b ! process is (t5 a l5g?y "o4 ,my advice is t :5 any f9d appe>s to be d\btful or1 worse1 appe>s too good to be true1 to take x on approval = a day or s1 or pur*ase x on condition t y receive ! full am\nt paid if ! article is return$ safe & s\nd )91 say1 a week4 ,y w n f9d x difficult to secure su* an agreem5t--only get x 9 writ+4 ,if ! deal] w n cons5t1 & y h made up y\r m9d1 take a day to ?9k ov] x1 & !n take y\r risk & buy4 ,if y h made a mi/ake y w probably discov] x1 & w n repeat x4 ,a fri5d ( m9e boa/$ "s ye>s ago t he _h nev] made a bad mi/ake 9 judg+ glass1 because he _h 8kept 8 eyes op510 & inv>iably ask$ "s "o :o 8knew0 to accompany him :5ev] he ?\ght he _h discov]$ a piece wor?y ( be+ add$ to 8 collection2 b1 alas6 dur+ a summ] holiday sp5t among ! ,iri% lakes he fell a victim4 ,! lady :o 0 ! v5dor _h evid5tly kiss$ ! ,bl>ney /one1 & z %e 0 mov+ & ! matt] 0 urg5t1 a price--a tall "o--0 fix$ on ! spot1 & my fri5d became ! possessor ( a rem>kably f9e collection :i* exp]t exam9ation prov$ to be entirely ( ,dut* extraction4 ,& ! moral6 ,well1 _h he 9 ! beg9n+ reli$ ^u 8 own judgm5t he w\ld h made mi/akes1 b he w\ld1 at ! same "t1 h acquir$ fir/-h& k & h escap$ a s]i\s disa/]4 ,"o (t5 f9ds replicas ( old glass m\ld$2 & z m\ld$ glass 01 ( c\rse1 ! e>lie/ k9d1 ! pieces seem to acquire a spuri\s value4 ,m\ld$ glass ) its heavy1 ?ick appe>ance & its r\nd$ edges l5ds itself easily to imitation4 ,b ! reproductions are (t5 made 9 common glass1 :i* gives itself away to ! t\*4 ,"o ne$ h>dly be an exp]t to detect common glass by its feel & texture4 ,x mu/ n be assum$ t ! be/ me?od ( =m+ a collection is to pick up ^? pieces :i* appe> to be *eap4 ,real old glass1 l o!r g5u9e antiques1 is greatly s\ght aft] & comm&s a highly respectable price4 ,?is "q ( price is really a consid]able factor to ! amateur collector4 ,8 aim %\ld be to get a complete collection1 h[ev] small1 & 8 dang] t ( duplicat+1 simply because he sees a specim5 *eap4 8,oh1 ,i mu/ h t2 ,i gave ne>ly twice z mu* = ! "o ,i h10 is a s5tim5t (t5 he>d4 ,b ! collector mu/ elim9ate duplicates unless he aims at complet+ a set1 say a doz5 ( w9e glasses or f+] bas9s4 ,! ultimate fate ( duplicates is to be 8we$$ out0 (t5 at a price f> bel[ :at !y co/4 ,i rememb] a case 9 po9t 9 :i* a novice f\nd himself1 aft] a brief exp]i5ce1 ! own] ( s l>ge a collection t 8 cupbo>ds fail$ to accommodate x1 & he _h to h l>g] ones made4 ,& yet "o %elf alone conta9$ f\r b>ley w9e glasses1 five ord9>y air-twi/$ /em glasses1 ?ree ,e>ly ,engli% pla9 w9e glasses1 f\r e>ly f+] bas9s1 & five rumm]s ( diff]5t %apes--all ( ! mo/ ord9>y type4 ,:5 by exp]i5ce he _h acquir$ wisdom ^! & simil> articles 7 s5t to ! sale-room4 ,two lots did n elicit a s+le bid1 & ! rema9d] w5t = f> less ?an _h be5 paid = !m4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 he possesses a good repres5tative collection1 :i* w be sure to fet*1 :5 "u ! hamm]1 a sum :i* w produce a h&some return ^u 8 exp5diture4 ,!re is to-day su* a craze = :at is old1 t x is difficult to f9d any?+ t is n fak$4 ,i (t5 wond]1 :5 d9+ ) fri5ds1 if !y are aw>e ( ! real nature & orig9 ( ! glass !y use4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "o f9ds 9 "s places1 p>ticul>ly old c\ntry h\ses1 pieces almo/ priceless pu%$ away into corn]s z if !y 7 ( no value at all4 ,i rememb] "s ye>s ago f9d+ 9 a village n f> f ,liv]pool1 an old dame1 :o _h pass$ h] life z h\sekeep] to a weal?y m]*ant1 us+ a f9e1 g5u9e old ,wat]=d b[l1 ab\t #ah in*es 9 diamet]1 = /ew$ fruit4 ,! b[l 0 easily wor? f eighte5 to tw5ty gu9eas1 :ile ! plates on ! table 7 ! commone/ procurable4 ,ne$less to say1 t b[l is no long] 9 h] possession1 hav+ be5 replac$ by a sub/itute ( f> great] appeal to h]4 ,9 spite ( su* occasional f9ds z ?is1 ! amateur :o 9 pursuit ( 8 hobby makes a habit ( raid+ old c\ntry cottages1 %ops1 & inns1 mu/ be exce$+ly w>y & look ^u exceptional discov]ies ) an exce$+ly sceptical eye4 ,an amus+ exp]i5ce t befell a fri5d ( ! au?or's--a =eign glass m]*ant--is p]haps wor? rec\nt+ 9 ?is connection4 ,arriv+ "o day at an inn 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&1 he 0 surpris$ to f9d set out 9 ! place ( hon\r "s v inf]ior specim5s ( w9e glasses--reproductions ( an e>ly type :i* he 0 easily able to id5tify z 8 own manufacture4 ,ent]+ into conv]sation ) ! l&lord1 he 0 in=m$ t a di/ant ance/or ( t wor?y1 soldi]+ 9 ,irel&1 _h ! =tune to r5d] "s signal s]vice to a native ( t di/ressful c\ntry & 0 giv5 ! glass 9 tok5 ( gratitude4 ,ap>t f ! appropriat5ess ( ! gift1 & a c]ta9 improbability t articles ( su* fragility w\ld survive ! vicissitudes ( a campaign1 ! l&lord prov$ n only will+ b eag] to dispose ( 8 valu$ heirlooms at a price unexpect$ly mod]ate = pieces ( su* antiquity & r>ity4 ,! hum\r ( ! situation1 h[ev]1 develop$ :5 ! prospective pur*as] produc$ a pocket-book & read to ! a/oni%$ l&lord ! la/ ord] 8 firm _h receiv$ = 8"o doz5 imitation antique glasses ) twi/$ /ems at tw5ty-"o %ill+s a doz540 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is & ! ?irty %ill+s apiece :i* ! l&lord dem&$ left a v pretty m>g9 ( pr(it4 ,old glass is1 ( c\rse1 s easily imitat$ t x is h>dly surpris+ !re %\ld be _m su* pitfalls 9 ! pa? ( ! unw>y1 & ,i c only hope t ! =ego+ rem>ks may prove ( "s assi/ance 9 prev5t+ my read] f fall+ a victim to ! _m speci\s attempts made = 8 deception4 ,b x is well1 :]ev] possible1 to exam9e at leisure any piece t may /rike ! eye1 & 9 ! surr\nd+s :i* x w occupy4 ,artificial light1 too1 is a v trea*]\s m$ium 9 :i* to exam9e glass ( any k9d4 ,any f9d %\ld be exam9$ by daylight & side by side ) o!r pieces ( ^: au!nticity !re is no d\bt4 ,!n ) a little tra9+ he %\ld be able to det]m9e ) a fair degree ( accuracy ! g5u9e specim5s f ! false1 & ?is 9 spite ( ! res\rces ( mod]n sci5ce1 :i* h enabl$ ! 8fak]0 to copy texture & col\r ) all b exactitude1 & ( ! skill ( ! workman :o reproduces fai?fully ! =m & decorations ( ! orig9al4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,"s ,,h9ts ,,to ,,collectors ,glass-collect+ is s full ( int]e/ t x ne$ n be foll[$ on any l>ge scale4 ,x is equally fasc9at+ :5 pursu$ 9 ! humble/ fa%ion1 by ransack+ old second-h& %ops 9 l[ly di/ricts z well z c\ntry cottages4 ,a nucleus is soon =m$1 &1 t accompli%$1 ! collector is 9 ! toils ( 8 hobby1 & unless he is an utt] failure1 "o ( ^? hopeless & helpless folk :o c nev] le>n to discrim9ate betwe5 ! true & ! false1 he spe$ily acquires a collection :i* has n only provid$ him ) a delightful recreation b is a s\rce ( consid]able pride4 ,( c\rse1 x mu/ n be imag9$ t anyone c g into a second-h& %op1 a m>9e-/ore deal]'s1 or a pawn%op1 & come out ) a b>ga9 e "t4 ,nor d ,i ass]t t e piece b\ght w ju/ify ! en?usiasm ( ! fir/ mom5ts ( possession4 ,b ,i d say t1 giv5 reasonable judgm5t1 anyone may =m ! nucleus ( a small collection1 & t ) dec5t c>e 9 add+ to x pieces t are consid]$ r>e1 g5u9e1 & unusual1 ! result w be entirely gratify+--yield+ a full measure ( arti/ic satisfaction1 to say no?+ ( pecuni>y advantage4 ,i ne$ h>dly say t ! seek] = b>ga9s %\ld n attempt to pursue 8 object 9 l>ge ,we/ ,end %ops or _! equival5ts 9 prov9cial cities4 ,r5t1 rates1 & l>ge sal>y li/s preclude any possibility ( *eapness !re4 ,& fur!r1 if ,i may v5ture to let my read]s into a secret1 !re are hundr$s ( s-call$ antique deal]s 9 our pr9cipal cities :o are z incapable ( tell+ ! real antique f ! artful fake z ! v]ie/ tyro4 ,_! /atem5ts1 ab\t glass 9 p>ticul>1 are (t5 utt]ly unreliable4 ,!re are good firms to be f\nd :o h exp]t k & ^: judgm5t may be reli$ ^u1 b !y are few & f> betwe54 ,! s-call$ exp]t antiqu>y is only too (t5 a victim to 8 own too allur+ imag9ation4 ,he ?9ks he kn[s1 8good1 easy man10 :5 9 reality fancy is build+ him a home ( romance1 into :i*1 unluckily1 he leads 8 too cr$ul\s cli5t4 ,&--!n ! disillusionm5t6 ,& confid5ce 9 exp]t op9ion vani%es into ! realm ( ! ?+s t 74 ,a fri5d ( m9e rec5tly pur*as$ a 8,fiat0 glass f a l>ge & fam\s ,we/ ,end h\se4 ,he 0 assur$ t x 0 g5u9e1 & on ! /r5g? ( t assurance paid a fair price4 ,)9 ?ree days he 0 back1 furi\s at be+ deceiv$4 ,!y return$ 8 money4 ,to my own k1 t p>ticul> firm has _h _m old w9e glasses engrav$ ) ! 8,fiat0 decoration & emblems4 ,!y are /or$ 9 a d>k cupbo>d & "o only is %[n at a "t4 ,!re is little d\bt t _m collectors h suff]$ f ?is insol5t piece ( trick]y4 ,p]sonally1 7 ,i />t+ to collect glass 9 a small way1 & = any reason pref]r$ n to g out into ! highways & byways to ga!r 9 :at ,i might f9d1 ,i w\ld %un ! big deal] altoge!r4 ,i %\ld select a small man :om ,i _h reason to believe scrupul\s & 8clean0--a man ) a reputation to ga9 &1 consequ5tly1 a bus9ess to make4 ,su* a man w g5]ally h _h a s\nd tra9+1 w "k 8 subject1 & take pleasure 9 ju/ify+ y\r confid5ce4 ,! "q ( price is always a s]i\s "o1 & x is easy to und]/& ! reluctance ( ! amateur to inquire ! price ( a piece :i* has tak5 8 fancy1 kn[+1 z he does1 t ! sum ask$ may probably be z _m gu9eas z he may be prep>$ to pay %ill+s4 ,yet a price1 ?\gh high1 ne$ n necess>ily be excessive2 a g5u9e specim5 acquires value 9 proportion to its r>ity r ?an its beauty ( design or build4 ,z to g5u95ess1 a dec5t firm w readily give a gu>antee by writ+ ^u ! bill some?+ ( ?is nature1 8,we gu>antee ?is article to be g5u9e old ---- glass1 made & decorat$ at ----1 ab\t ! ye> ----1 & 9 ! ev5t ( ! pur*as] wi%+ to return x )9 "o week1 we w refund 9 full ! am\nt paid1 provid$ ! article is return$ 9 p]fect condition40 ,a %ort "t limit is only fair1 z ! sell] mu/ protect himself aga9/ a possible loss ( sale4 ,"o ^w z to judg+ glass4 ,x is n necess>y to assume t a glass is old because x 8r+s0 well2 yet ?is is a common belief4 ,! cle>ness ) :i* a glass w r+ dep5ds on _m ?+s1 ! mo/ important be+ its %ape4 ,?us f+] bas9s1 rumm]s1 l>ge glasses1 b[ls1 & pres]ve j>s inv>iably r+ well :e!r anci5t or mod]n4 ,! exp]t w judge by texture1 ! col\r peculi> to ! v>iety ( glass1 ! %ape1 & ! /yle ( decoration4 ,ev5 "h he may readily be deceiv$1 all ^! features be+ reproduc$ ) rem>kable fidelity4 ,only a %ort "t ago a buy] to a l>ge ,london firm ask$ my op9ion ) reg>d to a b[l :i* he _h b\ght z 8,e>ly ,engli% glass40 ,to all appe>ance x 0 g5u9e1 & yet x 0 cle>ly prov$ to be ( ,dut*1 & v rec5t ,dut*1 manufacture4 ,?is ,dut* glass is import$ 9 l>ge quantities1 b ! exp]t eye c readily detect x4 ,! col\r is a uni=m gre5--a k9d ( deep-sea t9t1 & v cle>4 ,moreov]1 ! w>e is n ne>ly s heavy z ! g5u9e ,wat]=d1 :i* x resembles1 & ! facets ( ! cutt+ are too p]fect & %>p4 ,! muddy-col\r$ glass is also frequ5tly imitat$ 9 ! ,dut* factories4 ,"h aga9 ! weight is an important te/2 x is f> light] ?an ! g5u9e ,engli% product4 ,ev5 ! facial scrat*es ) :i* age inv>iably adorns ! bases ( all glass vessels are imitat$ by ! mod]n 8fake0 m]*ant4 ,a brief rubb+ ) pumice /one or rubb+ ! specim5 aga9/ a /one w produce ! desir$ effect4 ,! be/ tra9+ = ! amateur collector is to sp5d a few weeks 9 exam9+ a really good collection1 say t 9 ! ,briti% ,museum or 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,?us ! eye becomes educat$ to ! col\r1 %ape1 texture1 /yle ( decoration1 etc41 ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( glass1 & is less likely to be deceiv$ by ev5 ! be/ ( mod]n imitations4 ,!n !re is ! et]nal "q ( price4 ,"o po9t %\ld be always be=e ! collector's m9d3 ,9 ! ev5t ( my be+ compell$ to realise my collection1 :at price may ,i hope to get = x8 ,to ! collector ! buy+ price & ! sell+ price are intimately connect$4 ,!re is s mu* capital to be lock$ up1 s mu* "t employ$1 s mu* skill display$1 & !re %\ld be a fair recomp5se = all ?ree4 ,&1 fur!r1 !re is ! ev]-pres5t risk t fa%ion may *ange1 & articles once gre$ily s\ght aft] may become unsaleable because !y are 8out ( fa%ion40 ,( c\rse1 "o obvi\s way ( pur*as+ to advantage is :5 o!rs h to sell at a disadvantage2 :5 collections come into ! m>ket because ( ! dea? or mis=tune ( _! own]4 ,at su* sales ,i h kn[n _m b>ga9s pick$ up1 al?\gh x is aga9 necess>y to emphasise ! ne$ = w>9ess4 ,bogus sales are n unkn[n1 & x is a common practice = g5u9e sales to be 8salt$10 & (t5 pretty lib]ally1 by ! introduction ( inf]ior imitations1 9 ! hope t1 among mu* t is und\bt$ly g5u9e1 !y may escape detection4 ,i may1 p]haps1 be p]mitt$ to say a ^w z to ! prices :i* %\ld be paid 9 ! ord9>y way at su* sales4 ,an old ,wat]=d cut-glass jug is1 provid$ its cutt+ is p]fect1 c]ta9ly wor? a five-p\nd note4 ,a v common dodge is to sell an old ,wat]=d jug ) a crack$ h&le1 ! crack be+ :]e x is lea/ likely to %[1 i4e4 at ! top or bottom ( ! h&le close to :]e x jo9s ! body4 ,= an ord9>y spiral w9e glass #gs4 #f;d4 to #ajs4 is a fair price1 b glasses ) balu/] /ems are easily wor? a gu9ea4 ,mo/ exp5sive ( all are ! real 8,fiat0 glasses3 #i1 #aj1 #ae1 & ev5 m may be paid = "o4 ,i saw "o sold a few mon?s ago = ! record price ( n9ete5 gu9eas4 ,if y come across a 8,fiat0 glass pric$ at a five-p\nd note1 or less1 y may be sure ( "o ( two ?+s3 ei!r ! own] does n "k ! value ( ! piece or x is an imitation4 ,balu/] /ems are n (t5 to be met )1 b !y may well be wor? any?+ f #a to #cjs4 ,( c\rse1 9 consid]+ ?is "q ( price "o mu/ n =get t (t5 a fancy price is will+ly paid 9 ord] to complete a set1 or = "s o!r reason4 ,iri% f+] glasses ) d\ble lip are1 r\ghly1 wor? f #es4 to #gs4 #f;d41 & sometimes high] prices are giv5 = sets ( a doz51 or ev5 half a doz54 ,opaque glass is r>e1 & glasses ) opaque twi/s are wor? ab\t #aes4 apiece4 ,masonic1 ?i/le1 & boot glasses run ab\t ?ree1 two1 & "o gu9ea respectively4 ,salt-cell>s1 ) _! ,iri% flat cutt+1 co/ any?+ f a gu9ea ea*1 & v9eg> & oil bottles ab\t #cjs4 ,i h purposely refra9$ f m5tion+ any l>ge or important pieces2 !re are _m su* p]fectly well kn[n to ! exp]t4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 q impossible to fix a price = ^!4 ,z an ,app5dix to ?is book ,i h drawn up a li/ ( prices fet*$ by important pieces at rec5t sales4 ,a l>ge ,wat]=d b[l w fet* tw5ty-five to ?irty gu9eas1 & if its g5u95ess is inconte/able & its arti/ic m]it high1 x may well br+ twice t figure4 ,p]sonally1 ,i consid] t ! high-wat] m>k has be5 rea*$ 9 ! price ( ord9>y pieces ( old glass4 ,!re is c]ta9ly a great dem& = x at ! mom5t2 b su* crazes are r>ely la/+1 & ! "t may come :5 antique glass1 :i* has l>gely dispossess$ antique silv]1 w itself fall into disfav\r be=e ! onset ( "s new] fancy4 ,a ,,catalogue ,%[+ ! late/ prices ( important pieces ( glass sold by auction at rec5t sales ( well-kn[n collections4 ,an anci5t ,roman ,dr9k+ ,glass1 ) ind5t$ sides1 & two e>ly ,v5etian ,glasses1 ( gre5 col\rs1 decorat$ ) trail$ l9es44444#a #ah #j ,a ,w9e ,bottle1 ( e>ly sev5te5? c5tury1 ) seal ( a mon>*'s head1 highly iridesc5t2 & two o!rs1 "o inscrib$ & dat$ ,h5ry ,gal%ell1 #agjj44444b #ab #j ,a ,w9e ,bottle1 inscrib$ ,t4 ,bellamy1 #aggc1 & ano!r1 dat$ #aggb44444b #f #j ,a ,bri/ol blue glass ,goblet1 ) inscription 9 gold3-- 8,accept ?is trifle f a fri5d1 ,^: love = y c nev] end10 a blue ,cream ,jug1 an opalesc5t ,cup1 & an oval cup44444#c #e #j ,a pair ( cut-glass ,sug> ,ca/ors1 & "o o!r44444#b #af #j ,a pair ( tall ,be] ,glasses1 decorat$ ) appli$ b&s1 #aj 94 7c4 #agce71 & "o ) engrav$ body1 #ag 9444444#b #ab #j ,a l>ge ,goblet1 ) globul> body1 & ano!r1 small]1 ) inscription ,,k+ ,,con/itution44444#b #j #j ,a ,goblet1 ) bell-%ap$ body1 decorat$ ) m\ld$ ornam5t1 on r\nd foot & balu/] /em1 ! c5tre knop conta9+ a #c;d4 piece ( ,*>les ,,ii41 #i 9444444#aj #j #j ,a l>ge ,goblet1 #ac 941 ! /em conta9+ a specim5 ( ,j]negan's silv] lott]y m$al ( #agcf44444g #j #j ,a ,goblet1 #ah 94 high1 long /em1 ) col\r$ twi/s1 ! body & foot engrav$ ) floral design44444#b #ah #j ,a l>ge ,goblet1 ) globul> body1 engrav$ ) ,i4,m4,f4 )9 a wrea?44444#b #e #j ,a ,goblet or ,vase1 #i 94 high1 engrav$ ) portrait ( ,%akespe>e1 & ) initials ,i4 ,e4 9 an oval1 ) fe/oons44444#h #e #j ,a ,jug1 on r\nd$ foot1 engrav$ ) repres5tation ( ! frigate ,,%annon & ,,capn4 ,b4,f4,e444444#f #aj #j ,a l>ge ,goblet1 #ac 94 high1 ! body engrav$ ) a y\?ful ,bac*us seat$ on a b>rel1 a f\nta91 v9e leaves1 etc444444#h #aj #j ,a ,b[l on foot1 ) m\ld$ ornam5t1 inscrib$ ,john ,ri*ie ,*ri/ian ,co*rane1 #agbg1 height #h 941 diam4 #i 9444444#bj #aj #j ,a pair ( /emm$ ,cups1 & two o!rs1 ) et*$ decoration ( dogs1 etc444444#b #aj #j ,a ,goblet1 ) /raight sides1 engrav$ ) ! ,victory1 & ,9 ,memory ( ,"l ,nelson1 ,oct4 #ba1 #ahje1 & ano!r1 ) a newly laun*$ %ip1 ,nelson1 ,laun*$ ,june #bj1 #ahad44444aa #e #j ,a ,goblet1 engrav$ ) ,mail ,coa* & initials ,w4,m4,b41 surr\nd$ by e>s ( corn1 etc444444#a #ab #j ,a tall ,goblet1 engrav$ ) %ips & ,success to ! ,navy1 & ano!r1 ) decoration ( v9e leaves1 etc444444#d #ab #j ,a ,goblet1 engrav$ ) ! 8,victory0 & fun]al c>1 inscrib$ ,9 ,memory ( ,"l ,nelson1 ,oct4 #ba1 #ahje1 & ano!r1 engrav$ same subject1 dat$ ,jany4 #i1 #ahjf44444i #ae #j ,a ,goblet1 engrav$ ) view ( ,sund]l& ,bridge1 dat$ #ahch2 & two o!rs44444#b #e #j ,a /raight-sid$ ,goblet1 ) ! ,royal arms1 etc41 & ! motto ,ne ,m'oubliez pas1 & ano!r1 also ) ,royal arms44444#c #ah #j ,two ,goblets 7"o imp]fect71 & two small] ,glasses1 ) ,masonic emblems44444#c #ae #j ,a ,goblet1 engrav$ ) horse & jockey1 & inscrib$ ,birm+ham1 ,donca/]1 #ahcj1 ,w9n] ( ! ,great ,/4 ,l$g] ,/akes1 & ano!r1 inscrib$ ,james ,oddie1 ,bromley44444#d #j #j ,a ,goblet1 engrav$ ) a bird on rocks1 ) inscription ,i re/ ^u a sure f\ndation1 & ! initials ,s4 ,r41 ! /em conta9s a #f;d41 dat$ #ahaf2 & ano!r ,goblet1 engrav$ ) initials ,q4,r4 7,que5 ,c>ol9e71 & ,god & my ,rights44444#b #aj #j ,a ,goblet1 ) ,royal arms & ,g4 ,r4 ,,iii1 & a tall ,w9e ,glass1 ) ,royal arms1 dat$ ,,mdcclxvi44444#a #ae #j ,a tall ,glass1 #h 941 engrav$ ) ,arms ( ! ,duke ( ,cumb]l& 7c4 #aggj71 & ano!r1 ) ,arms ( ! ,e>l ( ,malmesbury44444#g #j #j ,a ,vase & ,cov]1 ) two h&les1 engrav$ ) designs ( fl[]s1 grapes1 etc444444#aj #e #j ,a ,jug & ,cov]1 cut & engrav$ ) initials ,e4 ,l42 a ,goblet1 ( simil> /yle2 & ano!r ,goblet1 ) twi/$ /em44444#c #aj #j ,a l>ge ,goblet1 engrav$ ) horse & c>t1 etc41 & initials ,e4,m4,t4,c41 a co9 ( #ahah 9 ! /em1 & ano!r ,goblet1 engrav$ ,,! ,,great 7a bell7 ,,( ,,l9coln44444#e #j #j ,a l>ge ,goblet1 engrav$ ) m$allions1 enclos+ sign ( ,! ,temple 7lamb & flag71 initials ,c4,c4 & ,george ! #d1 ,cr[nd1 ,july #ai1 #ahba44444c #aj #j ,a tall ,goblet1 #aj 941 ri*ly engrav$ 9 ,r5aissance /yle1 ) *im]1 m$allions1 etc41 & ano!r1 ) fe/oons & birds44444#c #e #j ,a 8y>d ale0 ,glass2 two ,btons1 9 gre5 glass2 & a ,bottle1 %ap$ z a sev5te5?-c5tury pi/ol44444#af #j #j ,a ,bottle1 %ap$ z bell[s1 #ac 941 9 :ite & cle> glass1 & ano!r small]1 decorat$ ) rosettes & gre5 l9es44444#b #j #j ,a ,c&le/ick1 #i 942 a pair ( ,c&le/icks1 )\t nozzles 7c4 #agce71 #e 941 & two o!rs44444#f #j #j ,a tall ,cup1 ) ri*ly cut balu/] /em1 engrav$ ) sportsman1 lady 9 a g>d51 etc4 7c4 #agcj744444aj #aj #j ,a ,cup1 on balu/] /em1 ri*ly engrav$ ) figures ( musicians 9 a g>d51 an ,engli% coat ( arms1 etc41 e>ly eighte5? c5tury44444#aa #j #j ,a ,cup1 ) octagonal foot1 engrav$ ) figures1 & ) inscription ,het ,welva>5 ,vr[-,van de ,kraam en ,k9tie1 & a ,vase1 engrav$ ) design ( ,la/ ,supp]1 aft] ,da ,v9ci44444#c #aj #j ,a ,cup1 ) ,cov]1 p>tly gilt1 engrav$ 9 comp>tm5ts ) lady & g5tleman1 ,cupid1 etc41 e>ly eighte5? c5tury44444#e #ae #j ,a ,tumbl]1 engrav$ 9 ?ree comp>tm5ts ) a lady 9 a g>d51 a g5tleman & a horseman1 & ano!r1 engrav$ ) (fic] on horse & milit>y trophies 7c4 #agdj744444b #ab #j ,a cyl9drical ,vase1 engrav$ ) love tok5s1 etc41 & inscrib$ ,james ,jagg]1 ,b\nd1 ,july #b1 #aggf1 age #af ye>s--,miss ,polly ,pritteman--,made ?is 9 ! ,ye> #aggf1 & ano!r1 engrav$ ) fe/oons & birds44444#f #j #j ,a l>ge cut-glass ,tumbl]1 engrav$ 9 a circle ) figure ( ,william ,,iv41 & inscription3 ,may our happy con/itution 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate ev] cont9ue unimpair$44444#a #ah #j ,a ,mug1 engrav$ ) ,g4,r41 etc4 7t4 ,george ,i471 & ano!r1 ) gilt ornam5t44444#a #b #j ,a pair ( ,tumbl]s1 engrav$ ) an ,engli% coat ( arms & motto1 ,indignante invidia florebit44444#b #aj #j ,a cyl9drical ,cup1 engrav$ ) ,cupid %oot+1 ,masonic emblems1 ,am\r et ,con/ance1 etc41 & ano!r1 ) sc5e ( a cr[n$ woman1 monkey1 %ip1 etc444444#d #j #j ,a ,tumbl]1 engrav$ ) ,success to ! ,vip]--,capn4 ,c[ee--,f4 ,norris2 ano!r1 ) e>ly railway eng9e & coa*es2 & ano!r1 ) %eaf ( corn1 etc444444#g #aj #j ,a tall ,glass1 on balu/] /em1 engrav$ ) sc5e ( ,/ag ,hunt44444#c #e #j ,a ,goblet1 engrav$ ) sport+ sc5e1 & ano!r1 ) floral design & initials ,e4,f444444#b #ad #j ,a ,goblet1 ) ,masonic symbols1 & ano!r1 ) ! %ip & inscription ,nelson's ,victory44444#g #e #j ,f\r ,goblets1 ) wide lips44444#c #ae #j ,a pair ( small ,w9e ,glasses1 & a l>g] pair1 engrav$ ) ,engli% coat ( arms & motto ,indignante invidia florebit44444#e #ae #j ,two ,cups1 on cut /ems & ) %ap$ edges1 & two o!rs1 ) ribbon /ems44444#b #aj #j ,a tall ,glass1 engrav$ 8,willie brew'd a peck ( malt10 & two engrav$ ,tumbl]s ) squ>e bases44444#c #aj #j ,a ,goblet1 ) col\r$ ribbon /em1 & two o!rs ) :ite ribbon44444#f #f #j ,?ree tall ,glasses1 ) col\r$ ribbon /ems1 "o ( !m inscrib$ ,m ,b41 & ano!r1 ) e> ( corn 9 gold44444#f #aj #j ,a ribbon col\r$ /emm$ glass1 bell %ap$1 engrav$ ) two birds on a he>t1 & inscrib$ ,,pi]-,,pi]s5-#aghb1 & ?ree o!rs44444#d #e #j ,a /emm$ ,cup1 ) wide lip2 "o o!r1 & a pair ( 8/raw /emm$0 ,w9e ,cups 7c4 #agbj744444a #ab #j ,six tall ,glasses1 ) r\nd$ /ems44444#h #ae #j ,five ,w9e ,glasses1 ) col\r$ ribbon /ems1 & "o ) pla9 /em44444#c #j #j ,a pair ( ,w9e ,glasses1 ) facet$ /ems1 ! b[ls engrav$ ) birds & fl[]s1 & f\r o!rs ( ! same type44444#b #b #j ,a bell-%ap$ ,goblet1 ) air-twi/$ /em1 & two tall ,glasses1 ) drawn /ems enclos+ te>44444#b #b #j ,a ,jacobite ,glass1 engrav$ ) ! ,/u>t rose ) sev5 petals & two buds1 & ! portrait ( ,pr9ce ,*>lie surr\nd$ by ! words ,aud5tior ,ibo2 "u ! foot is engrav$ a ?i/le ) two leaves1 /raight pla9 drawn /em1 height1 #g 9444444#ec #j #j ,a ,jacobite ,glass1 ) /raight sides1 engrav$ ) ,/u>t rose1 buds1 & butt]fly1 pla9 /em1 #f 9444444#h #j #j ,a ,jacobite ,w9e ,glass1 ) air-twi/$ /em1 ! b[l engrav$ ) ,jacobite rose1 two buds1 />1 & ! ^w ,r$eat44444#ag #aj #j ,a ,jacobite ,glass1 ) %ort pla9 /em & ?ick foot1 ! b[l engrav$ ) portrait ( ,pr9ce ,*>lie1 ! ,/u>t rose & buds1 & ! words ,aud5tior ,ibo1 #c 9444444#cg #j #j ,a ,jacobite ,glass1 ) /em conta9+ two opaque twi/s1 ! b[l engrav$ ) rose1 two buds1 & butt]fly1 #e 9444444#d #j #j ,a ,glass1 ) drawn air-twi/$ /em1 ! b[l engrav$ ) ,jacobite emblems ( rose1 two buds1 />1 oak leaf1 & ! ^w ,fiat1 #f 9444444#i #aj #j ,a ,glass ( simil> =m1 ) ,jacobite emblems ( rose1 buds1 />1 & oak leaf1 #f 9444444#aj #aj #j ,a ,glass1 ) opaque-twi/$ /em1 engrav$ ) ,hanov]ian rose1 said to h be5 produc$ to c\nt]act ! influ5ce ( ! ,jacobite p>ty1 & a pair ( o!rs ) opaque twi/s44444#b #af #j ,a ,jacobite ,glass1 ) wai/$ b[l1 engrav$ ) rose1 two buds1 & butt]fly1 air-twi/$ /em1 #g 9444444#d #j #j ,a ,jacobite ,glass1 ) air-twi/$ /em1 ! b[l engrav$ ) emblems ( rose1 two buds1 />1 oak leaf1 & ! ^w ,fiat1 #e 9444444#aj #j #j ,a ,w9e ,glass1 ) pla9 cup1 pla9 drawn /em & fold$ foot 7c4 #agce72 ano!r1 ) engrav$ b[l1 & two ) opaque-twi/$ /ems44444#a #af #j ,a ,glass1 ) heavy balu/] /em1 enclos+ air te>s2 a heavy ,_s ,glass1 on %ort /em & ?ick foot1 & ano!r1 small]44444#c #af #j ,a ,glass1 ) cut /em1 engrav$ ) fox & ,tallyho1 & ano!r ) air-twi/$ /em1 ) a pranc+ horse & ,lib]ty44444#c #ae #j ,a ,be] ,glass1 ( elegant %ape1 ! /em ) d\ble opaque twi/ & b[l engrav$ ) b>ley & hops1 initials ,s4,b4,i4 & date #agfb1 #g 942 & ano!r1 ) opaque-twi/$ /em1 engrav$ b>ley & hops1 & ano!r1 pla9 drawn /em1 #h 941 engrav$ ) rose & b>ley44444#d #j #j ,two ,be] ,glasses1 engrav$ ) hops & b>ley1 air-twi/$ /ems1 & "o o!r ) opaque twi/44444#c #c #j ,a ,be] ,glass1 ) opaque-twi/$ /em & wide bell-%ap$ b[l1 engrav$ ) hops1 b>ley1 & initials ,c4,b41 & ano!r1 ) opaque twi/ & pla9 b[l44444#b #ae #j ,a l>ge ,cup = light w9e1 ! wide-lipp$ b[l ) five lobes1 twi/$ /em & flut$ foot2 ano!r1 ) ogee b[l & re$$ /em1 & ano!r1 ) broad flut+s44444#b #b #j ,a ,be] ,cup on %ort foot engrav$ ,q4 7a cr[n7 ,c4 7,que5 ,c>ol9e71 & ! words1 ,god & my ,rights1 & ano!r1 engrav$ ,?9k on me44444#b #ah #j ,?ree ,w9e ,cups1 ) opaque-twi/$ /ems1 a knob 9 ! c5tre1 & ano!r1 ) air twi/ & wai/$ b[l1 middle ( eighte5? c5tury44444#b #h #j ,a ,w9e ,glass1 ) engrav$ b[l1 air-twi/$ /em ) knop 9 c5tre 7c4 #agfj71 & two o!rs ) opaque twi/s44444#b #d #j ,a pair ( ,glasses1 ! /ems elegantly =m$ ) knops & opaque twi/s dim9i%+ t[>ds ! foot1 #g 94 7c4 #agcj744444b #e #j ,a ,glass1 ) heavy m\ld$ /em & fold$ foot 7c4 #agjj71 & ano!r1 #h 94 7c4 #agcj744444c #e #j ,two ,glasses1 ) air-twi/$ /ems & knops 7c4 #agfj744444a #ad #j ,a ,glass1 ) balu/] /em & dome-%ap$ foot1 & two ,glasses1 ) spirally flut$ b[ls44444#c #aj #j ,?ree engrav$ ,glasses1 "o ) air twi/1 "o ) balu/] /em & ,dut* inscription1 & "o ) pla9 /em44444#b #b #j ,f\r ,glasses1 ) air-twi/$ /ems & knops1 #f 9444444#d #aj #j ,f\r tall ,glasses1 ) d\ble opaque-twi/$ /ems1 #h 9444444#d #j #j ,a ,w9e ,glass1 engrav$ ) cr[n1 ?i/le1 & initials ,illu/ration3 ,,aui1 /em ) opaque twi/1 & ano!r1 engrav$ ) ?i/le44444#f #b #f ,two ,glasses1 #g 941 ) opaque-twi/$ /ems1 & two o!rs ) air twi/s44444#c #e #j ,a ,glass1 ) air-twi/$ /em & dom$ foot1 & ?ree o!rs ) air twi/44444#c #aj #j ,two ,glasses1 ) air-twi/$ /ems & engrav$ b[ls1 & two o!rs ) air twi/s44444#c #ah #j ,a ,cid] ,glass1 ! /em ) air twi/1 ! b[l engrav$ ) apple bran*2 ano!r1 ) facet$ /em1 #g 941 & two small] ,glasses44444#g #aj #j ,a ,glass1 ) /raight air-twi/$ /em & dome-%ap$ foot1 ! b[l deeply engrav$ ) fl[]s 7c4 #agdj72 ano!r1 also engrav$ & ) twi/$ /em1 swell+ 9 ! middle2 & two o!rs1 ) air-drawn /ems44444#d #d #j ,f\r ,glasses1 ) engrav$ b[ls & opaque-twi/$ /ems ( diff]5t patt]ns44444#b #ad #j ,a ,glass1 ) small b[l & long /raight /em enclos+ opaque twi/2 & ?ree o!rs44444#d #aj #j ,a tall ,glass 7#g 9471 ) col\r$ twi/$ /em2 "o o!r2 "o ) gold decoration2 & ano!r ) engrav$ b[l44444#d #ae #j ,two tall ,glasses1 ) engrav$ b[l & col\r$ twi/$ /ems2 "o ) opaque twi/2 & ano!r ) pla9 /em1 ! b[l & foot engrav$ ) roses44444#e #ae #j ,a pair ( ,glasses1 ) opaque twi/s & engrav$ & flut$ b[ls2 & ano!r pair1 ) engrav$ b[ls44444#b #j #j ,a pair ( ,glasses1 ) opaque-twi/$ /ems & p>tly flut$ b[ls2 & two o!rs44444#b #ae #j ,a ,glass 7#h 9471 ) opaque-twi/$ /em swell+ 9 ! middle2 ano!r ) small] b[l 7c4 #agej72 & two o!rs44444#b #aj #j ,two ,glasses1 ) b[ls engrav$ ) ! honeysuckle2 & two o!rs1 ) air-twi/$ /ems44444#c #c #j ,a ,glass 7#f 9471 ! wai/$ b[l engrav$ ) a fl[] & ! /em facet$ 7c4 #agcj72 & ano!r1 engrav$ ) a tree & ! words1 ,je meur ou je mata*e1 ) flut$ /em & fold$ foot44444#b #d #j ,f\r ,glasses1 ) pla9 /ems1 enclos+ te>s44444#c #j #j ,two bell-%ap$ ,glasses1 ) opaque & air twi/s1 & two o!rs44444#c #j #j ,two engrav$ ,glasses1 ) :ite twi/$ /ems1 "o o!r ) pla9 b[l1 & "o ) engrav$ b[l & air twi/44444#b #b #j ,a ,glass ) facet$ /em1 ! b[l engrav$ ) fl[]s2 ano!r1 engrav$ ,,sans-,,s\ci--#aghi1 & two o!rs1 engrav$ ) fe/oons1 etc444444#b #b #j ,a ,glass1 ) balu/] /em1 engrav$ ) honeysuckle2 ano!r1 ) simil> /em1 & two ) facet$ /ems1 engrav$ ) floral design44444#a #ab #j ,a ,glass1 ) m\ld$ /em & fold$ foot1 #f 941 ! b[l engrav$ ) figures ( a h>lequ9 & musicians1 a coat ( arms & ! mottoes3 ,,salvs ,,patri--,,concordia ,,resp>v-,,crescunt2 two pla9 ,glasses1 & "o o!r1 ) fold$ feet1 e>ly sev5te5? c5tury44444#c #aj #j ,f\r ,glasses1 ?ree ) engrav$ b[ls1 facet$ /ems44444#a #ah #j ,a ,glass1 ) m\ld$ /em & dome foot2 ano!r1 ) air twi/2 & two1 ) facet$ /ems44444#a #ad #j ,two ,glasses1 engrav$ ) a coronet & ! motto--,long live ! ,duke2 ano!r ) ,ld4 ,well+ton = ev]1 & ano!r1 ) ! words1 ,duke ,well+ton & 8 ,army44444#e #ae #j ,two 8coa*+0 ,glasses1 )\t feet2 a small m\ld$ ,glass 7c4 #ahjj71 & ?ree o!rs44444#b #h #j ,a 8coa*+0 ,glass1 & five sweetmeat ,glasses1 ) undulat+ edges44444#b #j #j ,?ree glass 8boot0 ,cups1 ( ! "t ( ,george ,,iii41 8may h be5 made 9 hon\r or r 9 contempt ( ,"l ,bute044444#b #aj #j ,a ,flask1 ) appli$ decoration1 end ( sev5te5? c5tury1 & a ,vase & ,cov] ( gre5 glass1 ) trail$ & p9*$ decoration44444#a #a #j ,f\r sweetmeat ,glasses1 ) squ>e feet1 & two engrav$ ,cups1 on feet44444#b #ab #j ,a ,lamp ) ?ree nozzles1 & ?ree o!r ,lamps1 e>ly eighte5? c5tury44444#c #c #j ,six ,w9e ,dipp]s2 a ,sc5t ,bottle1 & ?ree o!r pieces44444#a #ah #j ,a ,cup1 ) facet$ foot & /em1 engrav$ ) ,pr9ce ( ,wales' ,fea!rs2 a ,cup1 ) coat ( arms2 ano!r ,cup1 ) facet$ /em1 & ano!r1 ) ,engli% coat ( arms44444#e #ae #j ,a ,cup1 inscrib$ ,,be] ,,& ,,lib]ty2 "o ) ,masonic symbols1 & two o!rs44444#c #c #j ,a ,cup = light w9e1 ) re$$ /em & holl[ foot1 two ) balu/] /ems1 ano!r ) long drawn b[l44444#b #af #j ,six ,_s ,glasses1 ) pla9 /ems44444#a #ad #j ,six ,glasses1 ) pla9 /ems & fold$ feet44444#a #f #j ,two ,glasses ) /ems enclos+ te>s1 & f\r o!rs1 all ) engrav$ b[ls44444#a #ad #j ,?ree e>ly ,glasses1 ! /ems conta9+ te>s1 & ) m\ld$ feet1 & ?ree o!rs44444#b #aj #j ,a ,be] ,glass1 ! b[l engrav$ ) b>ley & hops1 & five o!r ,glasses ) engrav$ b[ls44444#a #ae #j ,a ,cup1 ) m\ld$ /em & fold$ foot1 ano!r drawn b[l1 "o engrav$ ) rose & facet$ b[l1 & ano!r1 engrav$ ) bird44444#a #aj #j ,a ,salve ,/&1 ) air twi/2 ano!r upright ,/&1 conta9+ figure ( ,c>yatid2 ,bottle1 ,cruet1 ?ree ,cups1 & two ,r+ ,/&s44444#b #ad #j ,a pla9 glass ,di%1 oblong 9 %ape1 ) bevell$ edge2 a ,di%1 ,cov]1 & ,/&1 a cut ,sug> ,b[l1 & six small ,liqueur ,glasses44444#d #ab #f ,a ,liqueur ,/&1 ) two bottles2 a ,decant] & ,/opp]2 a re$$ ,jug ) co92 two re$$ ,tank>ds 7"o ) co971 & six ,liqueur ,glasses44444#d #ad #j ,a set ( six cut ,goblets1 six ,cu/>d ,b>rels1 f\r cut ,port ,glasses1 six ,cl>et ,glasses1 engrav$ 9 :eat-e>s1 & a ,milk ,jug44444#c #ad #j ,f\r ,rumm]s1 a ,glass ,di%1 eight ,w9e ,glasses1 six ,cu/>d ,cups1 & eight ,glasses1 v>i\s44444#b #aj #j ,?ree engrav$ ,tumbl]s1 ?ree ,rumm]s1 ,goblet1 twelve specim5 ,ale & ,w9e ,glasses1 & a set ( six ,syllabub ,glasses44444#e #j #j ,an e>ly ,wat] ,jug1 engrav$ ) initials 8,a4,l402 an engrav$ ,mug1 five specim5 ,tumbl]s1 & an engrav$ ,goblet44444#d #d #j ,an e>ly ,bottle1 a cut ,b[l ) h&les & ,/&1 a ,wat]=d oval ,di%1 & a ,decant] & ,/opp]44444#b #aj #j ,a pair ( ,old ,engli% ,rumm]s1 ! bases ( ! b[ls twi/$1 & a fro/$ & ribb$ ,di% & ,cov]44444#a #ab #j ,f\rte5 old m\ld$ ,glasses1 v>i\s %apes2 two ,oil ,bottles1 a d\ble ,oil ,flask1 & an ,ale ,jug44444#b #ab #j ,a pair ( diamond-cut ,decant]s & ,/opp]s1 a set ( six long cut /em ,glasses1 engrav$ 9 birds & fl[]s2 five ,goblets1 & six cut ,cl>et ,glasses44444#f #j #j ,twelve ,ale ,glasses1 ) opaque-twi/ /ems1 & drawn b[ls1 almo/ simil>44444#e #j #j ,a pair ( circul> ,di%es1 #g 94 diam41 elaborately cut1 ! c5tres engrav$ 9 roses on amb] gr\nd1 & f\r small ,sweetmeat ,di%es ( f9e quality44444#b #ab #j ,a pair ( ,w9e ,glasses1 pla9 balu/] /ems1 ) te>s & bell b[ls1 & f\r o!rs1 ) fold$ feet & pla9 /ems44444#b #ad #j ,six pla9 /em ,w9e ,glasses1 five ( !m engrav$ & ) fold$ feet44444#b #ab #j ,a ,mug1 )\t h&le1 engrav$ 9 b&s ( leaves1 #e 94 high1 & a ,lov+ ,cup1 goblet %ape1 engrav$ 9 :eat-e>s & monogram1 ,e4 ,m4 ,b41 #h 94 high44444#c #ad #j ,a pair ( ,w9e ,glasses1 air-twi/ d\ble balu/] /ems1 ) r+ heads & /raight b[ls1 #f 94 high1 & a ,w9e ,glass1 ) drawn air-twi/ /em1 cable c5tre & bell-%ap$ b[l1 #f 94 high44444#d #aj #j ,a l>ge ,goblet1 ) cut te> /em & dome foot1 ! b[l cut at ! base & engrav$ ) a %ip & inscription3 8,t4 ,welv>5 ,van de ,vr\w ,anna ,m>ia10 #i 94 high44444#c #af #j ,a pair ( ,w9e ,glasses1 ) opaque-twi/ /ems & n>r[ /raight-sid$ b[ls1 engrav$ 9 fl[]s2 ano!r pair1 ) opaque-twi/ /ems1 & ano!r pair1 ) balu/] opaque-twi/ /ems44444#c #ae #j ,a ,wat]=d ,cake ,di% & ,cov]1 ! cov] hive-%ap$1 elaborately cut 9 loz5ges & ribb$1 ! di%1 #aa 94 diam41 has a scallop$ bord]1 #ab 94 high44444#f #ae #j ,f\r small ,sweetmeat ,glasses1 & a pair ( ,rumm]s1 on squ>e bases44444#b #ae #j ,a pair ( ,w9e ,glasses1 d\ble balu/] air-twi/ /ems2 two ) air-twi/ /ems & drawn b[ls1 & a pair ) air-twi/ /ems & drawn wai/$ b[ls44444#e #e #j ,a pair ( ,cordial ,glasses1 engrav$ ) a cr[n & initials ( ,*>les ,x4 ( ,sw$51 #affj1 #c 94 high44444#b #aj #j ,two ,goblets1 ) opaque twi/ /ems1 engrav$ 9 fl[]s2 two balu/] opaque /em ,w9e ,glasses1 a ,glass1 engrav$ 9 hunt+ sc5es1 & two o!rs44444#e #j #j ,an e>ly ,tank>d1 engrav$ ) ,masonic emblems1 enclos$ ) scroll-"w & fl[]s1 surm\nt$ by a cr[n1 #f 94 high44444#b #b #j ,a pair ( oval ,deep ,di%es1 ) flat scallop$ edges1 hobnail cutt+44444#c #c #j ,a pair ( ,w9e ,glasses1 air-twi/ sl5d] /ems & drawn pla9 b[ls1 #g 94 high1 & ano!r1 ) incis$ twi/ /em & ind5t$ /raight-sid$ b[l1 #f 94 high44444#c #aj #j ,a pair ( pla9 ,ale ,glasses1 engrav$ ) a fox & 8,tally-ho02 a small] "o1 engrav$ ) a cock-fight2 a ,rumm]1 engrav$ ) a race-horse1 & a boot-%ap$ ,_s ,glass44444#e #j #j ,a ,w9e ,glass1 ) d\ble ogee b[l & holl[ /em2 two ,pipes1 & a tall ,jug1 9 ! =m ( a coa*+ horn1 #ab 94 high44444#c #e #j ,a pair ( ,wat]=d ,tap]/icks1 ) beautifully cut /ems & nozzles1 & dome-%ap$ feet1 #f 94 high44444#ae #e #j ,a ,w9e ,glass1 ) opaque-twi/ /em & drawn b[l1 engrav$ 9 v9es & bird2 two1 ) opaque-twi/ /ems & bell-%ap$ b[ls1 simil>ly engrav$1 & a pair ( opaque-twi/ /em ,w9e ,glasses1 ) pla9 %ap$ b[ls44444#c #j #j ,a ,c&le/ick1 ) cut %ap$ /em & ind5t$ rais$ foot1 & ano!r1 ) squ>e base44444#b #ae #j ,a /raight p9t ,tank>d1 ribb$ & engrav$ 9 b&s ( roses44444#b #d #j ,an ,ale ,glass1 ) /raight-sid$ b[l engrav$ ) ! ,royal coat ( arms & fe/oons ( fl[]s2 a pair ( ,ale ,glasses1 ) col\r$ twi/$ /ems1 & "o o!r44444#b #d #j ,a ,trifle ,di% & ,/&1 ! body ) brilliant diamond cutt+1 ! di% ) fan-cut edge1 #aj 94 diam444444#c #af #j ,a pair ( op5-lipp$ ,vases or ,cel]y ,glasses1 ) diamond edges1 hobnail$ cutt+1 #g 94 high1 & ano!r1 oval-topp$1 #g 94 high44444#c #ae #j ,a pair ( ,wat]=d ,liqueur ,bottles1 ) h&les & /opp]s1 bulb\s bodies & long necks1 cut 9 fl[]s & loz5ges1 #h 94 high44444#d #aj #j ,?ree e>ly ,w9e ,glasses1 ) balu/] air-twi/ /ems1 & ?ree ) drawn b[ls & air-twi/ /ems44444#e #g #f ,a ,wat]=d /raight-sid$ ,rum ,pot & ,cov]1 ) flat sp\t1 hobnail cutt+44444#d #d #j ,a pair ( ,w9e ,glasses1 air-twi/ /ems1 /raight-sid$ b[ls1 engrav$ 9 fl[]s & butt]fly1 #f 94 high1 & a ,w9e ,glass1 ) balu/] air-twi/ /em & pla9 bell-%ap$ b[l1 #f 94 high44444#d #j #j ,a pair ( ,wat]=d oval ,sweetmeat ,/&s1 #c 94 high1 & a ,c&le/ick1 cut & on squ>e base1 #h 94 high44444#b #ad #j ,a ,wat]=d circul> ,b[l1 ,cov]1 & ,/&1 f9ely cut1 #g 94 high44444#c #e #j ,a pair ( cut ,comports1 & a pair ( ,cake ,di%es1 ) hobnail cutt+ & cut scallop$ bord]s1 #g 94 diam444444#e #e #j ,a ,w9e ,glass1 pla9 /em & ovoid b[l1 engrav$ ) a portrait ( a man on horseback & inscription1 8,9 ,memory ( ! ,battle ( ! ,boyne10 #e 94 high1 & ano!r1 ) te> & balu/] /em & wai/$ b[l1 engrav$ ) a %ip & inscription1 fold$ foot1 #f 94 high44444#c #j #j ,a ,w9e ,glass1 ) opaque-twi/$ /em & drawn ovoid b[l1 engrav$ ) ! rose & ?i/le & inscription1 8,honi soit qui mal y p5se10 #e 94 high1 & ano!r ,w9e ,glass1 ) balu/] te> /em1 ! b[l engrav$ 9 v9es & butt]fly1 fold$ foot1 #f 94 high44444#b #b #j ,a ,wat]=d ,oil ,bottle & ,/opp]44444#a #j #j ,a ,wat] ,jug1 ribb$ & engrav$ 9 ,*9ese sc5es1 & a ,wat]=d ,honey ,j>1 ,cov] & ,/&44444#b #ah #j ,?ree ,w9e ,glasses1 opaque-twi/ /ems & bell-%ap$ b[ls1 engrav$ 9 v9es & butt]flies1 & ?ree opaque-twi/ /em ,w9e ,glasses1 "o ) lipp$ b[l44444#c #c #j ,a pair ( ,cork ,ale ,cups1 #e 94 high1 & a ,bottle1 ) press$ quilt$ body1 #h 94 high44444#a #af #j ,a ,sweetmeat ,glass1 twi/$ /em1 lipp$ d\ble ogee b[l & dom$ foot1 #f 94 high44444#c #ae #j ,a tall ,w9e ,glass1 air-twi/ d\ble-knopp$ /em & bell-%ap$ b[l1 engrav$ ) rose & bud1 pla9 foot1 #g 94 high44444#b #ah #j ,an almo/ simil> ,w9e ,glass1 ! b[l engrav$ ) a rose1 two buds1 & a butt]fly1 #g 94 high44444#c #c #j ,a pair ( ,wat]=d ovi=m ,vases & ,cov]s1 cut 9 loz5ges1 squ>e feet1 #ab 94 high44444#e #aj #j ,a ,w9e ,glass1 ) opaque-twi/$ /em1 drawn b[l1 engrav$ 9 v9es & bud1 & ?ree o!r ,w9e ,glasses1 engrav$44444#b #b #j ,a ,rose ,b[l1 elaborately engrav$ 9 arabesques1 #h 94 diam41 & a ,wat]=d circul> ,di%1 ) fan cutt+1 #aj 94 diam444444#e #j #j ,a ,goblet1 ) drawn air-twi/ /em1 /raight-sid$ b[l ) ind5tation at base1 conical foot1 #h 94 high1 & a set ( f\r ,ale ,glasses1 ) air-twi/$ /ems1 ! b[ls engrav$ 9 :eat-e>s44444#c #e #j ,a /&+ ,cup & ,cov]1 elaborately engrav$ 9 fl[]s & cut1 ! knob & /em ) r$ twi/1 #aa 94 high44444#b #ae #j ,a /&+ ,cup & ,cov]1 cut /em1 ! b[l cut & engrav$ 9 /ags & fe/oons1 #aj 94 high44444#a #ad #j ,a f9ely cut ,sc5t ,bottle & ,/opp]2 ?ree o!rs1 small]1 ) /opp]s1 & a ,tap] ,/&1 m\nt$ 9 metal44444#b #aj #j ,a pair ( ,w9e ,glasses1 air-twi/ balu/] /ems & /raight b[ls1 & ?ree air-twi/ balu/] /em ,glasses1 ) %ort b[ls & heavy bases44444#d #f #j ,a beautifully cut ,b[l1 ,cov]1 & ,/&2 a beautifully cut ,olive ,pot & ,cov]1 & a cut f\r-division ,sc5t ,bottle44444#b #ab #j ,a tall ,c&le/ick1 ) ribb$ nozzle & te>s1 m\ld$ /em & ribb$ dome foot1 #i 94 high44444#f #e #j ,a ,wat]=d ,wat] ,jug1 ) hobnail & ribb$ cutt+1 & a ,tank>d1 ) ribb$ top & rais$ scroll l[] "p44444#c #ad #j ,f\r press$ ,sweetmeat ,plates44444#a #j #j ,a set ( six ,w9e ,glasses1 ) long sl5d] air-twi/ /ems & small /raight-sid$ b[ls1 #i 94 high44444#b #b #j ,a ,wat]=d oval ,b[l ,cov]1 & ,/&1 #f 94 high1 & a boat-%ap$ ,b[l1 ) rais$ ends1 #aa 94 long1 #e 94 wide44444#c #ab #j ,a set ( six ,w9e ,glasses1 air-twi/ /ems & engrav$ rims to b[ls1 & a ,di%1 ! "u "p cut 9 portrait ( ,que5 ,victoria & ,roman sc5es44444#c #c #j ,five cut /em ,w9e ,glasses 7"o dat$ #ahgb1 o!rs engrav$72 f\r cut ,goblets2 two cut ,ale ,glasses1 & a l>ge ,ale ,glass44444#c #ab #j ,a set ( six f9ely cut ,wat]=d ,tumbl]s2 a cut ,honey ,pot1 ,cov]1 & ,/&2 a pair ( cut ,_s ,bottles & ,/opp]s2 a pair ( cut blue & :ite flat ,di%es1 & a cut ,sweet ,di%44444#f #aj #j ,a pair ( v f9e cut ,wat]=d ,compoti]s1 ) ,cov]s1 vase-%ap$1 #aa 94 high44444#ac #e #j ,a brilliantly cut ,old ,engli% ,compoti] & ,cov]1 #ac 94 high44444#f #aj #j ,a set ( twelve ,georgian ,w9e ,glasses1 ! /raight-sid$ flat-bottom$ b[ls are engrav$ ) ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales' fea!rs & motto 8,i* ,di50 9 scrolls1 pla9 /ems & feet2 =m]ly ! prop]ty ( ! ,pr9ce ,reg5t & ( ! late ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii444444#f #e #j ,a set ( ?ree ,wat]=d ,fl[] ,glasses1 ) cut edges2 a pair ( ,wat]=d ,salts1 & a ,wat] ,jug44444#d #j #j ,a set ( f\r ,w9e ,glasses1 opaque-twi/ /ems & engrav$ & ribb$ b[ls1 & six o!rs all ) opaque-twi/ /ems44444#d #d #j ,a f9e old ,engli% cut ,butt] ,di%1 ,cov]1 & ,/&1 & a l>ge ,bri/ol ,tank>d & ,cov]1 re$$ & %ap$1 ! cov] ) a col\r$ twi/ h&le1 #i 94 high44444#c #f #j ,an old cut ,jam ,di%1 ,cov]1 & ,/&2 two m\ld$ & fro/$ ,cups2 a pair ( ,wat]=d ,sweetmeat ,/&s2 ano!r pair1 cut2 six cut ,tumbl]s1 & two ,knife ,re/s44444#c #ab #f ,an engrav$ ,puzzle ,jug2 two ,toddy ,lift]s2 ?ree ,sug> ,cru%]s2 a ,spoon1 & a ,di% 9 ! =m ( a hat44444#a #ad #j ,a pair ( pla9 ,fir+ ,glasses1 engrav$ 8#fhj02 two ,toddy ,lift]s1 & a pla9 hat-%ap$ ,basket44444#a #aj #j ,a pair ( f9ely cut ,decant]s & ,/opp]s1 ) %ell cut bosses2 a pair ( cut circul> ,salts1 & a long ,sc5t ,bottle & ,/opp]44444#b #af #j ,a cle> glass foot$ ,be] ,jug1 & an engrav$ & cut ,fl[] ,b[l1 ) co9 on ! base1 #f 94 diam444444#c #aj #j ,a ,goblet1 ! body engrav$ all r\nd1 9 l&scape & de]1 #f 94 high2 a ,goblet on balu/] /em1 ! body engrav$ 9 vases ( fl[]s1 on p$e/al1 #g 94 high44444#a #j #j ,a l>ge ,old ,engli% ,jug1 ! body cut & neck ribb$1 #aj 94 high1 & an e>ly ,cream ,jug44444#b #h #j ,a pair ( cut ,lu/res1 ) dropp]s1 & a c5tre ,lu/re44444#d #ab #j ,a pair ( f9e cut ,decant]s & ,/opp]s1 a cut ,sc5t ,bottle & ,/opp]1 & an ,olive ,pot & ,cov]44444#c #e #j ,an e>ly ,cake ,vase & ,cov]1 ribb$ & m\ld$1 #g 94 high1 & a ,wat] ,jug1 engrav$ 9 :eat-e>s44444#c #e #j ,a /raight-sid$ ,biscuit ,j>1 ,cov]1 & ,/&1 cut 9 loz5ges1 #i 94 high1 & a cut holl[ ,tazza1 #e 94 high44444#b #ah #j ,a pla9 ,old ,engli% ,sylab5t ,/&1 on dome foot1 #i 94 diam41 & a ,cel]y ,glass1 engrav$ 9 v9es44444#a #aj #j ,an old ,treacle ,jug1 ) pewt] m\nt2 two cut ,sc5t ,bottles & ,/opp]s1 & two ,goblets44444#b #d #j ,a pair ( m\ld$ ,c&le/icks1 #h 94 high1 & an e>ly ,wat] ,jug44444#a #ah #j ,a pair ( pla9 ,bri/ol ,vases1 ) op5 lips1 #ab 94 high2 a pair ( pla9 ,cups1 & six ,plates44444#a #af #j ,a ,bri/ol h&l$ ,mug1 /raight side pa9t$ ) a portrait1 enclos$ 9 scroll-"w & sprays ( fl[]s1 #f 94 high1 & a ,b[l1 pa9t$ 9 cont9u\s fl[]s & birds1 #h 94 diam444444#b #aj #j ,a ,bri/ol ,vase1 ) d\ble h&les & dome foot1 pa9t$ 9 fl[]s1 #h 94 high1 & two ,bri/ol ,mugs1 bo? pa9t$ 9 figures & fl[]s44444#b #h #j ,a pair ( b>rel-%ap$ ,tank>ds & ,cov]s1 ) h&les pa9t$ 9 ,watteau sc5es & gild$1 #h 94 high44444#e #e #j ,a ,vase & ,cov]1 pa9t$ 9 portrait m$allions & sprays ( fl[]s & gild$1 ! vase on squ>e foot1 #aj 94 high44444#c #c #j ,a pair ( r>e ,v5etian ,cups & ,sauc]s1 decorat$ 9 ,*9ese figures & fl[]s 9 gold & r$44444#e #e #j ,a ,bri/ol ,plate1 ! c5tre pa9t$ 9 figures ) flags1 enclos$ 9 a /> b& 9 r$1 ! bord] ) arabesque1 9 col\rs1 #g 94 diam41 & a b>rel-%ap$ ,mug1 pa9t$ ) a dog & fl[]s1 #e 94 high44444#b #d #j ,a r>e ,jug & ,cov]1 spla%$ 9 blue & br[n1 #h 94 high1 & a pair ( ,cups & ,sauc]s1 pa9t$ 9 birds & fl[]s44444#b #h #j ,?ree ,bri/ol /raight-sid$ ,tank>ds1 pa9t$ 9 figures & fl[]s44444#c #ae #j ,a ,j> & ,cov]1 ! j> ) br[n loz5ges & d\ble h&les1 model ( a swan surm\nt+ ! cov]1 #e 94 high1 & a ,tank>d1 pa9t$ 9 figures & pa/oral sc5es1 #f 94 high44444#b #aj #j ,a ,bri/ol h&l$ ,mug1 pa9t$ 9 panel & fl[]s2 a ,cream ,jug1 ) inscription 8,=get-me-,n02 a small ,tazza1 & a ,vase44444#b #af #j ,a ,vase1 a small ,cup1 two ,tank>ds1 a ,cup & ,sauc]1 & a ,bottle1 all pa9t$44444#b #h #j ,a pla9 ,bri/ol d\ble ,flask1 ) ,pr9ce ( ,wales' fea!rs2 a pla9 ,bri/ol bell[s ,flask1 & a pla9 holl[ ,c&le/ick44444#a #h #j ,a holl[ ,c&le/ick1 #h 94 high2 a d\ble g\rd-%ap$ ,_s ,bottle1 a bell[s ,flask1 & ?ree ,sc5t ,bottles1 all ,bri/ol44444#a #d #j ,a d\ble g\rd-%ap$ ,bri/ol ,_s ,bottle1 ?ree o!r ,_s ,bottles1 & five small ,bottles44444#b #j #j ,a ,bri/ol ,j> & ,cov]1 ! body %ap$1 ) alt]nate spirals ( ruby & opaque1 #h 94 high1 & a pla9 ,bri/ol ,basket44444#a #aj #j ,a l>ge ,nailsea ,jug1 deep gre5 spla%$ 9 blue & :ite1 #h 94 high1 & a ,tank>d1 ) spiral b&s ( r$ & opaque44444#b #h #j ,a pair ( ,nailsea ,rapi]s1 blue h&les1 ! blades ) blue c5tres44444#b #ae #j ,a pair ( purple ,bri/ol ,vases1 #g 94 high2 an old gre5 ,e> ,trumpet1 a purple ,cream ,jug1 & f\r purple ,salts44444#a #b #j ,a ,nailsea ,policeman's ,/aff1 a d\ble ,flask1 & ?ree s+le ,nailsea ,flasks1 v>i\s col\rs44444#b #h #j ,a r>e blue ,bri/ol m9iature ,d9n] & ,dess]t ,s]vice1 compris+ ,b[ls & ,cov]s1 ,tazze & ,cov]s1 ,sug> ,b[ls1 ,tea ,cups & ,sauc]s1 ,cream ,jugs & ,plates 7ab\t #abj pieces744444#b #d #j ,a :ite ,bri/ol m9iature ,tea & ,c(fee ,s]vice44444#a #f #j ,?ree ,nailsea ,roll+ ,p9s1 diff]5t col\rs1 & a ,nailsea ,jug1 d>k gre51 mottl$ 9 :ite44444#c #j #j ,a p9k ,nailsea ,wat] ,jug1 spla%$ 9 opaque :ite1 & a cle> ,nailsea ,flask1 on circul> base1 ) opaque decoration & appliqu ,pr9ce ( ,wales' fea!rs & edg+44444#b #b #j ,a ,bottle & ,/opp]1 ) fl[]s 9 v>i\s col\rs emb$d$ 9 ! base2 & f\r ,pap] ,weights ( a simil> "*44444#b #j #j ,sev5 ,pap] ,weights1 ) v>i\s col\r$ fl[]s1 etc41 emb$d$ 9 ! glass44444#b #f #j ,two ,pap] ,weights1 ) silv]$ m$allions2 ?ree gre5 ,pap] ,weights2 two o!rs2 & two ,inkpots1 ) te>s44444#c #c #j ,a ,bri/ol pla9 glass d\ble-h&l$ ,vase & ,cov]1 pa9t$ 9 sprays ( fl[]s1 #aa 94 high2 & a ,wat] ,bottle & ,/opp]1 & ,well ,/& = same1 ) close opaque spirals & blue bord]44444#a #d #j ,an op5-neck$ ,bri/ol opaque ,vase1 ) bulb\s base1 ! body entw9$ ) rais$ ivy leaves & b]ries 9 col\r1 #af 94 high2 two mottl$ ,bri/ol ,b[ls1 & a blue mottl$ ,vase44444#b #b #j ,a gre5 ,nailsea ,cream ,jug1 ) opaque twi/ decoration1 & a ,nailsea ,flagon1 mottl$ on gre5 gr\nd44444#b #d #j ,a pair ( ,bri/ol ,%ells2 a ,bri/ol ,d\ble ,flask1 ) deep blue bord]s2 a ruby ,bell1 ) col\r$ twi/ h&le1 & two blue ,bri/ol ,cream ,jugs44444#b #f #j ,a r>e ,bri/ol ,sug> ,cru%]1 ) r+ h&le1 ) a c5tral opaque twi/ surr\nd$ by blue & r$ twi/2 a small flat ,flask1 ) examples ( all ! ,bri/ol col\r$ twi/s2 & ano!r piece1 ! base ) col\r$ twi/44444#b #b #j ,a ,bri/ol ,pipe1 opaque1 ) gre5 rim2 ano!r1 opaque1 ) p9k /ripes2 & ano!r1 blue44444#a #b #j ,a pair ( old gre5 ,sussex ,bottles1 fill$ ) silk & imitation fl[]s1 #i 94 long2 a pair ( ,bri/ol ,vases ( ,fl[]s1 "u glass %ades1 ) glass bases1 #f 94 high2 & a gre5 ,nailsea ,model ( a ,dog44444#a #b #j ,a ,nailsea ,horn1 a gre5 ,pipe1 & two pla9 ,flasks1 ) opaque decoration44444#a #aa #j ,a r>e gre5 glass ,trid5t1 ) long h&le1 #ag 94 long2 & two ,nailsea ,trumpets1 "o #bf 94 long1 & ! o!r #ah 94 long44444#b #b #j ,a r>e old ,v5etian ,goblet1 /raight sides op5+ at ! top1 /rip$ 9 :ite f top to bottom1 & hav+ p>tly gild$ mask head bosses1 #g 94 high2 & a ,v5etian ,bottle1 ) :ite spirals44444#d #aj #j ,a pair ( old ,v5etian ,cups & ,sauc]s1 decorat$ 9 :ite twi/s f top to bottom2 & a ,v5etian plate1 ) simil> decoration 9 spirals44444#b #ab #j ,an old ,v5etian m\ld$ ,vase1 ) cross :ite /ripes2 an old ,v5etian ,/&+ ,b[l1 a ,cup1 & a ,lemon44444#b #j #j ,a ,v5etian g\rd-%ap$ ,bottle2 a simil> ,oil ,jug1 bo? ) :ite decoration2 & ?ree o!r pieces ( ,v5etian glass44444#j #ad #j ,a l>ge ,engli% ,wat] ,bottle & ,glass1 ) r$ decoration2 a deep blue ,bri/ol ,b[l1 ) irregul> :ite l9es2 & a ,flask1 mottl$ 9 r$ & blue44444#a #ab #j ,a deep blue ,wat] ,bottle1 ,/& & ,glass1 ) gold b&s2 a blue ,tr9ket ,/&2 a deep blue ,flask2 & ?irte5 o!r pieces ( :ole col\r$ ruby1 gre51 purple1 & blue glass44444#j #ah #j ,?ree l>ge ,roll+ ,p9s1 a ,pe/le1 & a gre5 & :ite twi/$ glass ,puzzle44444#a #ah #j ,a m\ld$ & twi/$ ,bottle1 ) appli$ blue b&s1 & ,/opp]2 a gre5 b>rel-%ap$ ,j> & ,cov]1 #ac 94 high2 & a ,b[l1 ) appli$ gre5 decoration44444#a #ab #j ,a pair ( ruby ,tazze1 ) :ite loz5ge-%ap$ cutt+s1 #h 94 diam42 & a pair ( ruby ,vases1 cut 9 :ite fl[]s1 etc41 #f 94 high44444#b #j #j ,two ruby ,sc5t ,bottles & ,/opp]s1 ) cut :ite circles2 a blue & :ite ,goblet2 a simil> ,cup2 a ruby & :ite ,cup1 & an amb] ,decant] & ,/opp]44444#b #h #j ,a set ( eight ,v5etian ,goblets & eight ,w9e ,glasses1 blue op5 bases1 ! b[ls 9 opaque cross /ripes44444#a #d #j ,a ,nailsea ,flask1 f\r ,bri/ol ,balls1 a ,c&le/ick1 two ,j>s & ,cov]s1 ,sc5t ,bottle & ,/opp]1 & five o!r pieces44444#j #aa #j ,a pair ( blue ,c&le/icks1 ) :ite cutt+2 two ,inkpots ( a simil> type2 five cut ,goblets1 a ruby ,bri/ol ,pipe1 & a squ>e ,decant] & ,/opp]44444#b #ab #j ,,! ,,riv]side ,,press ,,limit$ ,,ed9burgh