99,,h[ ,,to ,,become                    
,a ,,successful ,,s+]99                 
,,by                                    
99,,madame ,,cl>a ,,butt                
,,madame ,,melba                        
,,signor ,,c>uso                        
,,mr4 ,,b5 ,,davies99                   
,,london3 ,,george ,,newnes1 ,,limit$1  
,,s\?ampton ,,/reet1 ,,/r&1 ,w4,c4      
99,,cont5ts499   ,h[ to ,become a       
,successful ,s+]4  ,by ,madame ,cl>a    
,butt  ,! ,gift ( ,song4  ,) ,practical 
,advice on ,voice ,culture4  ,by ,madame
 ,melba  ,h9ts on ! ,cultivation ( !    
,voice4  ,by ,enrico ,c>uso  ,h[ to     
,atta9 ,success 9 ,s++4  ,by ,b5 ,davies
                                  99,,h[
 ,,to ,,become                          
,a ,,successful ,,s+]499                
99,by ,,madame ,,cl>a ,,butt499   ,! "q 
( h[ to s+ a song involves t\*+ ^u a    
v>iety ( po9ts t might n at fir/ sight  
be associat$ ) ! subject4 ,f\r di/9ct   
factors play prom95t p>ts 9 ! s++ ( any 
song1 h[ev] simple4  ,^! are ! ,voice1 !

 ,s+]1 ! ,ma/]1 & ! ,song4  ,( ^!1 (    
c\rse1 ! voice is ( prim>y importance2 =
 unless an individual possesses 9 "s    
degree ! gift ( song x is impossible =  
him or h] to become a s+]4  ,9 v _m     
cases1 ne$less to say1 correct tra9+1 by
 %[+ h[ ! vocal organs c be us$ to ! be/
 advantage1 may a*ieve "s sort ( result4
  ,b ! voice s produc$ is (t5 ( an      
artificial "*1 :i* c nev] approa* !     
purely natural voice4  ,x is1 ,i        
believe1 held by a great _m p t only ^? 
c s+ :o possess a ?roat & vocal organs  
suitable = ! production ( ! voice1 b my 
own views on ! subject d n co9cide ) ?is
 idea at all4  ,my po9t ( view is t if y
 are meant to be a s+] y w s+4  ,god s5t
 ,8 s+]s ^u e>?1 etc4  ,"o (t5 he>s (   
op]ations ^u ! ?roat be+ p]=m$ ) !      
object ( improv+ ! voice1 b "h aga9 ,i  
f9d myself 9 entire disagreem5t4  ,i ?9k
 t if "o is born ) a de=mity ( ! ?roat1 
& has always sung easily ) x1 any       
attempt to int]f]e )1 or alt]1 t        
de=mity1 may end 9 de/roy+ ! p[] ( song 

altoge!r4  ,:5 ,i 0 at ! ,royal ,college
 ( ,music ,i 0 con/antly be+ urg$ to h  
my tonsils cut4 ,= a long "t ,i held out
 aga9/ x1 b at la/ cons5t$4  ,h[ev]1    
:ile ,i 0 actually seat$ 9 ! op]at+     
*air1 ! doctor ask$ me to s+ ! v[el s\nd
 ,e on a high note1 & rem>k$ ^u ! way my
 tonsils contract$ :ile ,i sang x4  ,all
 at once ,i recall$ ! case ( a girl ,i  
knew1 ) a true soprano voice1 :o _h lo/ 
! ability to s+ 9 tune aft] h] tonsils  
_h be5 cut4 ,might x n be ! same 9 my   
own case8 ,?is decid$ me 9 an in/ant4 ,i
 refus$ to let ! op]ation be p]=m$1 & f 
t day to ?is h nev] all[$ my ?roat to be
 int]f]$ ) surgically 9 any way4  ,yet  
,i h _h e sort ( ?roat t a s+] w\ld wi% 
to avoid )\t my voice be+ affect$ 9 !   
lea/6  ,i />t$ life1 almo/1 ) diph!ria1 
h suff]$ f ad5oids1 & h exp]i5c$ sev]al 
attacks ( qu9sy4  ,among myself & my    
?ree si/]s1 all ( u be+ s+]s1 my ?roat  
is ! wor/ ( ! lot1 & n 9 ! lea/ l a     
s+]'s ?roat4  ,! si/] ^: voice mo/ ne>ly
 resembles m9e is ! "o ^: ?roat is mo/ l

 m9e2 & ! si/] :o has a ?roat & vocal   
organs :i* are ideal f an anatomical    
po9t ( view possesses a soprano voice   
:i*1 ?\gh p>ticul>ly sweet1 is n /rong6 
,"o ?+ t ,i ?9k ex]cises an enorm\s     
am\nt ( influ5ce ^u ! quality ( voices  
is climate4  ,review ! climatic         
conditions ( ! v>i\s c\ntries1 & y _c   
help rem>k+ ^u ! numb] ( natural voices 
t are met ) 9 ,italy & 9 ,au/ralia1 9   
bo? ( :i* c\ntries ! climate is         
unusually f9e4  ,i believe t !          
brilliance ( ! ,au/ralian climate mu/ be
 reckon$ ) v s]i\sly 9 acc\nt+ = !      
peculi> brilliance :i* is a *>act]i/ic (
 ,au/ralian s++ voices1 :ile t ,italy is
 a c\ntry ( s+]s is well kn[n to        
ev]ybody4  ,at ! same "t1 climatic      
conditions d n seem to affect ! speak+  
voice1 :i* ,i imag9e is m a "q (        
language4  ,i h always ?\ght t ! ,engli%
 speak+ voice is ! be/ ( any4 ,!re is   
none ( t nasal1 sonor\s acc5t ab\t x    
:i*1 = in/ance1 makes ! speak+ voice ( !
 ord9>y ,italian s unpleasant4  ,i 0    

nev] s /ruck ) ?is quality 9 ,italian   
speak+ voices z ^u "o occasion :5 /ay+  
at an hotel 9 ,v5ice1 :]e !re 0 a cafe  
almo/ b5ea? our w9d[s4 ,ev5 ! beauties (
 ,v5ice h>dly comp5sat$ = ! n]ve-rack+  
nasal *att] t cont9ually float$ up to u 
f bel[4  ,x goes )\t say+ t ! voice ne$s
 a great deal ( tra9+ & c>e if x is to  
be br\ght to ! be/ developm5t1 & "o ( ! 
fir/ faults t mu/ be cur$ is 9 ! tak+1 &
 use (1 ! brea?4  ,?is mu/ be done 9 an 
entirely diff]5t way f t usually employ$
 :5 speak+4 ,x w\ld be impossible = me  
to deal fully 9 su* an article z ?is ) !
 "q ( h[ to take brea?1 & z x is "o ( ! 
fir/ lessons t a s++ ma/] %\ld tea*1 ,i 
w conf9e myself "h to say+ t ! ma9      
diff]5ce lies 9 ! fact t1 :5 speak+1 !  
brea? is usually tak5 f ! *e/1 b t :5   
s++ x mu/ be controll$ by ! abdom9al    
muscles4  ,:5 s++1 ! muscles ( ! ?roat  
mu/ be relax$1 & n contract$4           
,self-consci\sness (t5 does m to m> a   
good voice ?an any?+ else1 s9ce x leads 
to ! contraction ( ! muscles4 ,h y nev] 

notic$ h[ pleasantly "s p s+ or hum to  
!mselves :5 !y imag9e !y are n ov]he>d1 
comp>$ ) ! indiff]5t or ev5 unpleasant  
mann] 9 :i* !y p]=m publicly8  ,"h we h 
a direct example ( ! result (           
self-consci\sness4  ,nev] m9d y\r       
audi5ce4  ,all[ ! song to c>ry y away1 s
 t y s+ easily & naturally4  ,to acquire
 p]fect control ov] ! ?roat muscles1 s t
 !y may be relax$ at w1 is "o ( ! mo/   
difficult po9ts 9 voice tra9+4 ,& "o ( !
 mo/ common mi/akes made 9 ?is respect  
is 9 ov]-practice4  ,! muscles ( ! ?roat
 are among ! mo/ delicate ( ! :ole body1
 & ,i am conv9c$ t x is a fatal error to
 ov]tax !m1 especially dur+ ! e>ly tra9+
 ( ! voice1 by too mu* practice4        
,p]sonally1 my tra9+ 0 v gradual1 & !   
greate/ c>e 0 tak5 n to impose too mu*  
/ra9 ^u my ?roat at fir/4  ,i am        
confid5t t a numb] ( %ort practices ( t5
 or fifte5 m9utes' duration1 ) int]vals 
( re/ betwe51 are bett] ?an a few long  
p]iods1 s9ce ! ?roat is ?us less liable 
to become tir$4  ,e exp]t 9 physical    

developm5t w tell y t = ! prop]         
developm5t ( any set ( muscles a gradual
 ex]cise t does n involve ov]-ex]tion is
 ! be/1 & ,i w\ld p>ticul>ly emphasise !
 importance ( ?is :]e ! ?roat is        
conc]n$4  ,ano!r po9t 9 connection ) !  
voice :i* is too (t5 ov]look$ is ! "q ( 
g5]al heal?4  ,my g>d5] sometimes       
compla9s t ! fl[]s d n come to p]fection
 ow+ to ! poorness ( ! soil4 ,! simile  
is a v good "o4  ,! vocal organs are l  
delicate fl[]s1 capable ( ! be/         
developm5t :5 ! soil 9 :i* !y are       
plant$--! body--is 9 p]fect condition4  
,x mu/ be ! object ( all s+]s1 !re=e1 to
 take ! greate/ c>e ( _! heal?4         
,ov]-ex]cise ( ! body g5]ally %\ld also 
be avoid$1 j z mu* z ov]-ex]cis+ !      
?roat4  ,x is easi] to s+ :5 ! re/ ( !  
body has n be5 ov]-tir$4  ,g5]al        
ex]cise1 ?\gh ess5tial to heal?1 c be   
ov]done j z mu* z vocal ex]cise4  ,^!   
rem>ks apply p>ticul>ly to ! /ud5t4  ,x 
is :ile ! voice is be+ =m$1 m ?an aft] x
 has be5 =m$1 t x is likely to be       

affect$ by su* consid]ations z ^? j     
m5tion$4  ,! m9d plays a prom95t "p :]e 
! voice is conc]n$4  ,worry1 unhapp9ess1
 & m5tal /ra9 ( e description may l[] ! 
:ole tone ( ! body1 &1 by less5+ !      
incl9ation to s+1 make s++ m difficult4 
,un=tunately1 "o _c take m5tal worries 9
 small doses1 b mu/ put up ) !m z !y    
come2 & ,i only m5tion ?is to impress ^u
 my read]s ! m =cibly h[ important !    
g5]al heal? ( m9d & body is :]e ! voice 
is conc]n$4  ,aft] all1 ! effect ( m5tal
 or bodily /ra9 ^u ! voice dep5ds       
entirely ^u ! individual4 ,p]sonally1   
:atev] may be ! /ate ( my m9d or my     
body1 ,i am able to s+ 9 a sort (       
subconsci\s /ate4  ,x w\ld h>dly be     
possible to hit ^u a m /rik+ illu/ration
 ( :at c be done :5 "o is 9 a           
subconsci\s condition ?an :at ,i am ab\t
 to relate4  ,at "o "t & ano!r ,i h _h  
to h op]ations p]=m$--= app5dicitis1 =  
in/ance--:i* h necessitat$ my be+ put "u
 e!r4  ,on e s+le occasion ,i h sung 9  
full voice :ile "u ! influ5ce ( !       

anae/hetic6  ,?is 0 mo/ rem>kable p]haps
 on ! occasion :5 ,i 0 be+ op]at$ ^u =  
app5dicitis1 = !n ! abdom9al muscles1   
:i* control "o's brea?+1 mu/ naturally h
 be5 int]f]$ )4  ,! fact is t tr\ble1   
worry1 & ill-heal? h no effect ^u !     
voice itself4  ,! voice is always !re4  
,x is only ! p[] ( us+ x t may be       
impair$4  ,z ,i h already po9t$ out1 x  
is 9 ! e>ly /ages ( vocal tra9+ t !     
effects ( ill-heal?1 m5tal worry1 or    
ov]work are mo/ likely to be felt4  ,:5 
! voice has be5 prop]ly tra9$1 & ! vocal
 organs fully develop$1 !y are less     
likely to suff] by ! re/ ( ! body be+   
out ( tune1 & x is !re=e ( p>ticul>     
importance = beg9n]s to be> my rem>ks 9 
m9d4  ,"h is ano!r po9t :i* beg9n]s %\ld
 take to he>t1 & foll[ z f> z !y are    
able4 ,try to avoid ov]-anxiety4        
,/ud5ts (t5 make ! mi/ake1 ?r\gh        
ov]-anxiety1 ( ov]-work+ _! voices j    
be=e a conc]t1 ) ! result t !y are n at 
_! be/ :5 on ! plat=m4  ,x is a good    
plan to re/ bo? ! body & ! voice be=e   

s++ 9 public4  ,i %\ld l to emphasise ! 
importance ( ?is v fully4  ,"y s+]s seem
 to lose sight1 half ! "t1 ( ! fact t !y
 %\ld be at _! v be/ :5 on ! plat=m4    
,p]sonally ,i always keep1 & h always   
kept1 ?is cle>ly be=e my m9d4  ,x is !  
greate/ possible mi/ake to wa/e y\r     
ef=ts at ! la/ mom5t 9 private4 ,re/    
be=e y s+ 9 public1 9 ord] t :5 y g on  
to ! plat=m y may give y\r audi5ce--:o1 
aft] all1 h paid to be ent]ta9$--( y\r  
be/4  ,rememb] t :ile poli%+ is highly  
desirable1 !re is su* a ?+ z ov]-poli%+1
 & ?is1 in/ead ( improv+1 only we>s out4
  ,i am a great believ] 9 ! quiet /udy (
 a song )\t ! aid ( a piano4  ,n only   
does ?is avoid tir+ ! voice1 b x enables
 ! s+] to fully grasp all ! beauty & !  
mean+ ( ! words & ! music1 & s to ent]  
into ! _s ( ! subject :5 ^u ! plat=m4   
,:5 on t\r ,i frequ5tly adopt ?is me?od 
( /udy+4  ,x enables "o to be do+ some?+
 useful :5 9 ! tra91 or else:]e1 :5     
actual practice is undesirable or       
impracticable4  ,?is re/+ ( ! voice be=e

 s++ 9 public applies n only to vocal   
ex]cises1 b to all k9ds ( ov]-ex]tion ( 
! ?roat4  ,ev5 ^? :o are aw>e ( ! dang]1
 & :o are c>eful to refra9 f            
s++-practice j be=e an appe>ance 9      
public1 v frequ5tly =get t speak+ may   
tire ! voice e :it z mu* z s++4 ,x is   
mo/ important n to d too mu* talk+ = "s 
h\rs be=e a public appe>ance is made4 ,9
 ?is way ! ?roat w be ?or\ghly re/$4  ,9
 s++1 z 9 ev]y?+ else1 exp]i5ce tea*es1 
bett] ?an any am\nt ( in/ruction1 :at an
 individual is capable (1 & h[ ! full   
p[] & m]it ( ! voice may be/ be acquir$ 
& pres]v$4 ,:5 /ud5ts h f\nd _! feet    
suffici5tly to und]/& ! be/ way to      
manage _! voices1 !y w be able to       
regulate _! practice accord+ to :at     
leads to ! be/ result 9 ea* individual  
case4  ,"s may be be/ suit$ by morn+    
practice1 o!rs by aft]noon practice4    
,p]sonally1 ,i put 9 mo/ ( my practice  
betwe5 ! h\rs ( elev5 & "o ea* morn+4   
,! next factor to be consid]$ is ! ,s+]4
 ,temp]am5t1 individuality1 =ce1        

dramatic ability1 p]sev]ance1 indu/ry1  
ke5ness1 & ambition all play a "p 9 !   
mak+ ( a successful s+] & 9 ! s++ ( a   
song successfully4  ,x is 9 ! e>li]     
/ages ( ! s+]'s c>e] t "s ( ^! qualities
 are mo/ necess>y1 = _m ye>s ( h>d &    
con/ant /udy h sometimes to be fac$4  ,x
 is dur+ ?is "t t p]sev]ance1 indu/ry1  
ke5ness1 & ambition1 if !y are possess$1
 w help ! /ud5t on s enorm\sly2 inde$1  
:ile ambition & ke5ness w d mo/ p]haps 9
 ! e>ly /ages1 indu/ry & p]sev]ance are 
requir$ all ! "t1 = x is impossible to  
rea* a /age :]e !re is no?+ left to     
le>n4  ,s++ is b "o bran* ( art1 & a s+]
 c le>n some?+ f e o!r bran*4 ,f !      
,actor may be glean$ h9ts = dramatic    
effect2 f ! ,pa9t] may be acquir$ an    
appreciation ( bread? & col\r2 f !      
,orator may be pick$ up _m useful h9ts z
 reg>ds enunciation1 modulation1 &      
emphasis2 :ile ! ,writ] may inspire ^?  
beautiful ?\ghts :i*1 tak+ root 9 !     
s+]'s m9d1 help t[>ds t m5tal heal? :i* 
is z important to ! p]fect voice z      

physical fitness4 ,x w be se51 !re=e1 t 
"o may nev] h done /udy+2 = !re are     
con/antly new actors1 new speak]s1 new  
pa9t]s1 or new writ]s f :om some?+ may  
be le>nt1 :ile 9 pa9t+ & lit]ature alone
 !re are great ma/]pieces to su* numb] t
 no "o s+] c\ld ev] hope to /udy !m all4
  ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 also1 t :at       
satisfi$ ! public t5 ye>s ago does n    
satisfy !m n[1 & z a s+] mu/ keep pace )
 e advancem5t t is made1 !re is con/ant 
/udy to be done4  ,! fir/ ?+ ! possessor
 ( a voice looks out = is naturally "s  
"o to tra9 x1 & ?is br+s u to ! "q ( !  
ma/]4  ,x is n my int5tion to give      
advice z to ! selection ( ma/] or ma/]s2
 inde$1 x w\ld be impossible to d s1    
p>tly because !re are s _m ma/]s betwe5 
:om x w\ld be invidi\s to make          
comp>isons1 & p>tly because su* an      
article z ?is is int5d$ m to assi/ !    
g5]al run ( /ud5ts1 :o are spread ov] s 
l>ge an area t !y c\ld n all rea* !     
be/-kn[n ma/]s1 b are oblig$ to /udy    
locally4  ,9 ,engl& & 9 ! ,colonies !re 

are _m v good s*ools & colleges = vocal 
tra9+1 & !re are compet5t tea*]s1 mo/ ( 
!m emanat+ f our great ,colleges &      
,academies1 )9 rea* ( almo/ e di/rict4  
,:ile ,i d n wi% to appe> unpatriotic1  
h[ev]1 x mu/ frankly be admitt$ t /ud5ts
 mu/ /udy on ! ,cont95t if ! be/ results
 are to be a*iev$1 s9ce only on !       
,cont95t c !y /udy 9 t ,musical         
,atmosph]e :i* is s ess5tial a surr\nd+ 
= "o :o essays an arti/ic c>e]4  ,ev5 if
 prolong$ /udy on ! ,cont95t is out ( ! 
"q1 x is advisable1 at all co/s1 =      
,cont95tal musical c5tres to be visit$4 
,no musical education c o!rwise be      
complete4  ,y mu/ n ?9k t ,i wi% to run 
d[n ,engli% ma/]s4  ,q ! contr>y3 ,i ?9k
 y c get j z good ma/]s "h z abroad4  ,x
 is simply ! "q ( ,atmosph]e--surr\nd+s4
 ,!re is no city 9 ,engl& :]e ! pupil c 
/udy amid su* surr\nd+s t music &       
arti/ic ideas & ideals hem him 9 on e   
side1 s t !y meet him :i*ev] way he     
turns1 & s t ! feel+ t music is ! only  
?+ 9 ! _w rema9s ) him1 wak+ & sleep+1  

dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( 8 /udy4  ,only :5   
surr\nd$ by su* an ,atmosph]e c ! /ud5t 
be prop]ly develop$ :]e 8 musical ideas 
are conc]n$1 = only ^! surr\nd+s c      
develop t arti/ic temp]am5t :i* is s    
ess5tial4  ,& ap>t f ! "q ( ,musical    
,atmosph]e1 see+ t a s+] is frequ5tly   
call$ ^u to r5d] songs 9 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 
& ,italian1 x is necess>y t ^? languages
 %\ld be /udi$ 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 &    
,italy1 if p]fection is to be acquir$4  
,x is a v grave fault ( our musical     
colleges & academies t !y employ1 z a   
rule1 ,engli% tea*]s to give in/ruction 
9 =eign languages4 ,if 9 "o's /ud5t days
 "o _h a good ma/] = ^! languages--a    
,fr5*man to tea* ,fr5*1 a ,g]man to tea*
 ,g]man1 & s on--x w\ld be ( ! greate/  
possible assi/ance1 & w\ld save a       
consid]able am\nt ( "t & lab\r1 s9ce s  
mu* less w\ld h to be unle>n$4 ,x is n  
too mu* to say1 ,i ?9k1 t our musical   
in/itutions w nev] rea* ! highe/ po9t ( 
_! utility till !y d ?is4  ,b be=e le>n+
 to s+ 9 =eign languages at all1 x is   

ess5tial t pupils %\ld le>n to s+ 9 _!  
own language4  ,ma/]s 9 ?is c\ntry tea* 
_! pupils to s+ passably 9 ,fr5*1       
,italian1 & ,g]man1 b directly !y       
attempt to s+ 9 ,engli% "o is horrifi$  
to f9d t _! enunciation is s bad t x is 
impossible to und]/& ! words !y s+1 &   
almo/ out ( ! "q to tell :at language !y
 are s++ 96  ,surely x %\ld be ! fir/   
object ( ! tea*] to in/ruct 8 pupils 9 !
 s++ ( _! own language4  ,i v]ily       
believe t ! reason :y our language is   
look$ d[n ^u = s++ 9 is because s _m (  
our native s+]s d n "k h[ to s+ x       
prop]ly4  ,!re are mu* h>d] s\nds 9 !   
,g]man language1 = in/ance4  ,yet ,g]man
 songs are con/antly sung by s+]s ( e   
nationality4  ,h[ (t5 does "o he> (     
,engli% songs be+ sung 9 ,france1       
,g]many or ,italy by ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 &   
,italian s+]s8 ,ev5 :5 !y give recitals 
ov] "h _! programmes seldom include an  
,engli% song1 & "o is ev5 m /ruck by s  
_m ( our own vocali/s giv+ recitals at  
:i* (t5 n a s+le song 9 ,engli% is      

includ$6  ,:5 ,engli% is prop]ly sung1 x
 is z easy to s+ 91 & z beautiful to    
li/5 to1 z any o!r language1 & if /ud5ts
 7 taught h[ to s+ x1 its popul>ity     
among s+]s w\ld1 ,i feel conv9c$1       
quickly spread4  ,i rememb] v well inde$
 s++ on "o occasion to ,madame ,m>*esi 9
 ,p>is4  ,i boldly *ose an ,engli% song1
 & ^u com+ to ! end ( x1 0 mu* pleas$ by
 ! tribute ,madame ,m>*esi paid to our  
language :5 %e said to me1 ,engli% is   
beautiful :5 sung l t6  ,x %\ld         
emphatically be ! fir/ duty ( a ma/] to 
tea* 8 pupils h[ to use _! native       
language1 & no o!r %\ld be attempt$ till
 !y c d ?is p]fectly4  ,! slip%od me?ods
 s frequ5tly met ) n[ w\ld !n soon      
disappe>1 & ,i am sure x w\ld n be long 
be=e o!r c\ntries began to appreciate ! 
_m beauties ( ! ,engli% language = s++  
91 & we %\ld get m songs writt5 by good 
compos]s to "s ( our beautiful ,engli%  
poetry4  ,be=e ,i leave ?is "q ( ! ma/] 
!re is "o o!r po9t = me to t\* ^u4      
,al?\gh1 :5 once !y h ma/]$ ! s++ ( _!  

own language1 pupils %\ld seek !        
,musical ,atmosph]e ( ! ,cont95t1 x mu/ 
be rememb]$ t !re is "o bran* ( music   
:i* is peculi>ly our own1 & :i* mu/     
accord+ly be /udi$ "h4  ,i ref] to      
,oratorio4  ,engl& is ! home (          
,oratorio1 & consequ5tly ?is /yle ( s++ 
_c be /udi$ abroad4  ,& = any s+] :o    
looks =w>d to ent]+ ! musical pr(ession1
 c>eful /udy ( ?is bran* is absolutely  
indisp5sable4  ,oratorio is v popul> "h1
 & ,engli% audi5ces w n = a mom5t       
tol]ate s+]s :o fail to acquit !mselves 
well :5 !y und]take x2 & z mo/          
pr(essionals h to d ,oratorio "w at "o  
"t or ano!r1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! public 
are n giv5 r5d]+s :i* fail ?r\gh lack ( 
prop] /udy & application4  ,oratorio    
entails mu* /udy & rese>* t is          
unnecess>y :]e o!r bran*es ( s++ are    
conc]n$4  ,n only mu/ ! :ole "w be /udi$
 s t ! s+] may become acqua9t$ ) ! full 
int5tion ( ! compos]1 b a special /udy  
mu/ be made ( ! "* :i* ! s+] is to p]=m1
 9 ord] t all ! feel+s & emotions he or 

%e w\ld h felt 9 real life may be       
prop]ly und]/ood be=e an attempt is made
 to reproduce !m4  ,if ! be/ results are
 to be a*iev$1 ! life1 habits1 fail+s1  
aims1 & ambitions ( ! "* to be int]pret$
 mu/1 z f> z possible1 be c>efully /udi$
 & ?\ght ab\t1 9 ord] t ! s+] may bett] 
appreciate ! situations :i* occur1 & "k 
h[ ! "* portray$ w\ld h felt & act$ 9   
!m4  ,! ,bible ?r[s consid]able light ^u
 ! life & "* ( mo/ ( ! p]sonages :o h a 
place 9 ,oratorio1 & x is !re=e useful1 
:5 /udy+ "s p>ticul> "w1 to exam9e      
c>efully t portion ( ! ,bible :i* may   
?r[ light ^u ! subject4  ,la/ly1 we come
 to ! song1 & ?is is a "q ^u :i* ,i hold
 v decid$ views4 ,! object ( s+]s %\ld  
be to give ! greate/ am\nt ( pleasure to
 _! audi5ces1 z well z to use all t is  
be/ & highe/ 9 _! art to inspire good   
?\ghts1 & raise ! m5tal /&>d ( _! he>]s4
  ,! l>g] proportion ( e audi5ce c only 
foll[ ! words ( ! song 9 ,engli%4  ,!y c
 fully appreciate ! beauty ( ! music1 ,i
 admit1 & = ?is reason e arti/ %\ld h "s

 ( ! mo/ beautiful songs ( o!r c\ntries 
9 8 or h] rep]toire1 b x is a lam5table 
fact t good translations are v r>e4 ,i l
 to *oose z _m songs z possible 9       
,engli%1 s t _! mean+ & _! message c be 
readily und]/ood & appreciat$ by my     
audi5ce4  ,i believe t x is )9 ! p[] (  
an arti/ to actually less51 or1 at any  
rate1 to tempor>ily relieve1 ! c>es &   
worries ( :i* ea* memb] ( an audi5ce has
 a %>e2 & ,i am sure t ! easie/ way to d
 s is to s+ songs ^: mean+1 & ^:        
message1 is imm$iately und]/&able4  ,9  
conclusion1 ,i _c insi/ too /rongly ^u !
 necessity = h>d "w & p]sev]ance = ^? :o
 are to succe$ 9 ! _w ( music4 ,too _m p
 imag9e t ! gift is ev]y?+4 ,b1 inde$1  
?is is n ! case1 = ?\gh ! gift is1 (    
c\rse1 indisp5sable1 mu* application &  
h>d "w are necess>y be=e x c be made use
 ( to ! be/ advantage4  ,giv5 a voice & 
"s dramatic in/9ct1 !re /ill rema9s     
c>eful & labori\s tra9+ to be gone ?r\gh
 be=e a s+] c "k h[ to s+ a song & be   
able to put t k into practice4  ,! great

 ?+ is to be s9c]e1 to be individual1 & 
to grasp at ! beg9n+ ( "o's c>e] !      
impossibility ( pleas+ ev]ybody1 & !    
necessity ( be+ true to oneself1 & if   
o!rs see ! tru? diff]5tly1 be def]5tial1
 & n s]vile1 to _! ali5 po9t ( view4    
99,,! ,,gift ,,( ,,song499              
99,,) ,,practical ,,advice ,,on ,,voice 
,,culture499                            
99,by ,,madame ,,melba499   ,dur+ ! ye>s
 imm$iately prec$+ my fir/ &1 = me1 my  
mo/ memorable visit to ,europe1 ! late  
,m>quis ( ,normanby 0 ,gov]nor (        
,victoria4  ,at t "t ,i 0 reg>d$ 9      
,melb\rne z a v good amateur piani/1 mu*
 9 reque/ = private p>ties1 at :i* ,i   
always play$1 & on v r>e occasions also 
sang4  ,at "o ( ^! functions1 giv5 at   
,gov]nm5t ,h\se1 ,i gave "s songs betwe5
 ! pian(orte selections1 & ! ,m>*ioness 
( ,normanby1 9 ?ank+ me1 said1 ,*ild1 "s
 day y w give up ! piano = s++1 & !n y w
 become fam\s4  ,t 0 ! simple comm5t t  
set me s]i\sly ?9k+ ( a c>e] z a s+]4   
,i _h always felt t ,i w\ld become a    

pr(essional 9 music--piani/1 organi/1   
viol9i/1 p]haps1 b some?+ 9 music1 at   
any rate2 b f t mom5t ,i knew 9 an      
irresi/ible way t ,i 0 to be a s+]4  ,t 
rem>k ( ! ,m>*ioness made me und]/&1 &  
det]m9$ me to grasp ! skirts ( happy    
*ance4  ,i c\rt$ e semblance (          
opportunity1 & ,i see n[1 z !n1 h[      
fateful a factor opportunity mu/ be )   
all :o aim at a public c>e]4  ,ev5 !    
born s+] may wa/e div9e gifts = want (  
opportunity1 & ! possessor ( highly     
develop$ vocal tal5t may entirely s9k   
into obscurity )\t x4  ,among /ud5ts (  
simil> tal5t & heal? %e :o succe$s is ! 
"o ) al]t m9d1 :o is ev] on ! qui vive =
 h] *ance4  ,! girl :o fails is g5]ally 
lack+ 9 m5tal & physical en]gy--too     
prone to believe t opportunity on ready 
foot trips uns\ght ev5 to ! lagg>d's    
door4  ,! born or inspir$ s+] always    
s+s1 al?\gh 9 isolat$ cases want (      
opportunity may limit ! sph]e ( ^? r>ely
 end[$ p4  ,:ile x is true t ! pres5t "t
 (f]s extraord9>y scope = art by reason 

( a wide-spread k on all subjects1 ,i   
?9k ! increas$ *ances ( success :i* !   
gr[+ popul>ity ( music (f]s h be5 l>gely
 disc\nt$ by ! numb]s ( p]=m]s &        
pr(essors :o1 )\t prop] qualifications h
 set !mselves up z apo/les ( music1 &   
unfairly & recklessly ov]cr[d$ a        
pr(ession :i* %\ld be exceptionally     
difficult to ent]4  ,no d\bt _m         
aspirants--,i speak solely ( wom5--are  
enc\rag$ & flatt]$ by ! fact t 9 !      
pr(ession ( music wom5 f>e bett] ?an 9  
any o!r walk ( life1 & ! monet>y rew>d (
 great s+]s & tea*]s may be said to h   
rea*$ a /age ( almo/ extravagant        
appreciation4  ,9 my op9ion ! great s+]s
 ( our day w\ld n be s few if !re 7 m   
compet5t tea*]s & a m complete          
realisation ( ! greatness ( ! task4  ,x 
is n t lovely voices are r>] ?an =m]ly1 
or tal5t m sp>+ly giv5 ( ,god4  ,! piano
 or viol9 /ud5t w devote t5 ye>s to !   
te*nique ( 8 in/rum5t1 :ile ! vocali/ or
 ! tea*] too (t5 reg>ds rese>* at an end
 aft] /udy+ a ye> or two1 or ev5 a few  

mon?s only4  ,j "h1 h[ev]1 ,i %\ld l to 
make x pla9 t ! /ud5t :o _c give a      
promis+ acc\nt ( h]self aft] eighte5    
mon?s' ?or\gh /udy is1 to my m9d1 nev]  
likely to d really great ?+s4 ,i d n    
mean = a mom5t t %e %\ld !n be a        
full-fl$g$ s+]1 b t %e %\ld be able to  
give cle> indications z to future       
possibilities4  ,! real /udy actually   
beg9s aft] "o has come be=e ! public1 & 
x is to subsequ5t developm5t t ! mo/    
e>ne/ att5tion %\ld be paid4  ,ye> aft] 
ye> ! arti/e w make /rik+ progress if   
music be really 9 h] s\l1 & f life & its
 v>i$ exp]i5ces %e w le>n int]pretative 
nuances :i* no o!r tea*] c be/[4 ,let me
 say1 too1 t 9 ?is life-long /udy ! s+] 
mu/ n be too rigidly b\nd by ! t5ets (  
te*nique4  ,%e mu/ ?9k & feel = h]self1 
& to a great ext5t be guid$ by h]       
individuality4  ,9 too _m cases ! vocal 
/ud5t has only ! m]e/ smatt]+ ( k ab\t !
 m>vell\s & delicate me*anism t produces
 ! s++ voice4  ,languages & travel1 too1
 are neglect$ = "o reason or ano!r1     

*iefly ?r\gh ! _s ( ha/e1 ! desire to   
rea* ends by %ort cuts su* z 7 unkn[n to
 ! old ,italian ma/]s1 :o taught on     
physiological pr9ciples t 71 on ! :ole1 
m>vell\sly accurate2 al?\gh 9 _m        
respects we h greatly progress$ s9ce _! 
day4  ,9 e c\ntry ) :i* ,i am famili>--&
 !y are _m--,i h be5 /ruck by ! voices  
maim$ or entirely ru9$ by ignorant      
tuition4 ,( c\rse x is n possible = me  
to he> m ?an a few ( ! /ud5ts :o seek my
 op9ion on _! voices1 = ,i frequ5tly h  
?irty or =ty su* applications 9 a s+le  
day2 b almo/ )\t exception ,i f9d ^? ,i 
c he> foll[+ me?ods :i* are caus+       
positive injury to ! delicate vocal     
*ords4  ,9 all le>n$ & me*anical        
pr(essions c]ta9 te*nical te/s are      
insi/$ on be=e a p]son is accept$ z an  
au?ority2 b 9 music x is n s4 ,any      
*>latan1 ^: only qualifications may be  
confid5ce & casual obs]vation1 may set  
up z a tea*] & p]si/5tly trick ! public1
 :i* is only too easily deceiv$4  ,i    
speak /rongly on ?is subject1 hav+ 9 m9d

 ! cruel vocal havoc to :i* ,i h j      
ref]r$4  ,j z ! eng9e] mu/ "k ! /ructure
 & p>ts ( 8 eng9e1 or ! ar*itect !      
nature & relative values ( mat]ial z    
well z ! pr9ciples ( design1 s mu/ !    
w\ld-be s+] und]/& ! easily injur$      
/ructure & delicate functions ( voice   
me*anism4  ,a k ( ! /ructure ( ! l>ynx1 
& ! g5]al muscul> me*anism (            
voice-production1 unequall$ 9 delicacy  
any:]e 9 ! human body save p]haps 9 eye 
& e>1 w be a revelation1 a v helpful    
revelation1 to ! /ud5t4 ,& unless !     
/ructure ( ! l>ynx be und]/ood1 !       
attack1 or application ( ! air bla/ to !
 vocal /r&s1 _c be p]fect4  ,if ! /ud5t 
seeks ! be/1 %e mu/ get a complete      
und]/&+ ( ! me?ods ( ! old ,italian     
ma/]s1 z sculptors turn to ! ,greek =   
:at is s\nde/ & noble/ 9 ! pla/ic art4  
,toge!r ) ?is recomm5dation1 ,i jo9 my  
condemnation ( ! tremolo & :ite voice s 
de> to _m ,italian s+]s4  ,i _c too     
=cibly insi/ t ! m]e possession ( a     
lovely voice is only ! basis ( vocal    

art4 ,nature occasionally />tles "o by !
 prodigality ( h] gifts1 b no /ud5t has 
any "r to expect to s+ by inspiration1  
any m ?an an a?lete may expect to w9 a  
race because he is naturally fleet (    
foot4  ,me?ods ( brea?+1 attack1 & ! use
 ( ! regi/]s mu/ all be p]fectly        
und]/ood by ! successful s+]1 :o %\ld   
likewise be complete ma/] ( all details 
relat+ to ! /ructure & use ( ^? p>ts    
above ! voice box1 & be conv9c$ ( !     
necessity ( a p]fectly controll$ *e/    
expansion 9 ! production ( tone4  ,=    
p]fect s++1 correct brea?+1 /range z x  
may s\nd1 is ev5 m ess5tial ?an a       
beautiful voice4  ,no matt] h[ exquisite
 ! vocal organ may be1 its beauty _c be 
adequately demon/rat$ )\t prop] brea?   
control4  ,"h is "o ( ! old ,italian    
secrets :i* _m s+]s ( to-day :olly lack1
 because !y are unwill+ to give !       
necess>y "t = ! full developm5t ( brea?+
 p[] & control4  ,phras+1 tone1         
resonance1 expression1 all dep5d ^u     
respiration2 & 9 my op9ion musical      

/ud5ts1 ev5 :5 too "y to be all[$ ! free
 use ( ! voice1 %\ld be ?or\ghly taught 
! pr9ciples ( brea?+4  ,inde$1 ! sci5ce 
( tak+ brea? is a /udy peculi>ly suit$  
to ! ye>s ( *ildhood & adolesc5ce2 =    
ap>t f o!r consid]ations1 !re are few   
?+s s conducive to good heal? z good    
brea?+4 ,&1 ow+ to ! great] ela/icity ( 
! human frame 9 ! "t ( y\?1 ! *e/ is !n 
m easily develop$ & exp&$4  ,any        
ex]cises t give /r5g? to ! diaphragm are
 ( special value1 s9ce ?is is ! pr9cipal
 muscle ( inspiration4  ,expiration1    
h[ev]1 is n s easily controll$ z        
inspiration1 & on t score calls = ! mo/ 
c>eful practice4 ,faulty or hurri$      
brea?+ always int]f]es ) ! true         
vibration ( ! vocal /r&s1 & all         
circum/ances t t5d t[>d ei!r %\ld be    
scrupul\sly avoid$2 m especially at ! "t
 ( a s+]'s fir/ entrance on ! /age or   
conc]t plat=m1 :i* is always a mom5t (  
n]v\sness & d\bt4  ,x is an excell5t    
practice = a n]v\s s+] to take a few    
deep brea?s on ent]+1 & ! inexp]i5c$    

%\ld avoid numb]s ) exact+ op5+ b>s4    
,few p1 by ! way1 realise h[ mu* ev5 !  
mo/ fam\s ( s+]s is at ! m]cy ( !       
audi5ce1 & h[ a wave ( indiff]5ce or    
apa?y borne f ! s]ri$ ?\s&s ( a !atre or
 conc]t-hall c (t5 take all ! col\r out 
( ! lovelie/ voice1 & all ! necess>y    
ab&on out ( an int]pretation4  ,i h kn[n
 "s ( ! greate/ s+]s ( our day--&       
myself1 too--to fall incr$ibly bel[ _!  
normal /&>d = no o!r reason ?an t (     
irresponsiv5ess on ! "p ( _! audi5ce4 ,9
 ?is respect ,i confess ,i am myself    
extremely s5sitive4  ,i c almo/ always  
give my be/ :5 ,i feel t ! he>t ( !     
audi5ce bids me excel4  ,ev5 a good     
g5]al k ( music does n imply k (        
sci5tific voice production4 ,correct    
vocalisation is only possible on /rict  
physiological pr9ciples4  ,i insi/ ^u   
?is1 because x is rational & logical4   
,9 ?is way faults are bett] recognis$ & 
expla9$2 ! /ud5t may ! m surely guide h]
 own developm5t or effectively re/ore an
 injur$ voice1 & g5]ally advance h]     

physical welf>e1 :i* is a vital po9t4   
,!re=e ^? :o d n believe 9 atta9m5t     
?r\gh pati5t & intellig5t lab\r w\ld d  
well to ab&on an art c>e]1 = t way lies 
disappo9tm5t4  ,ha/5 sl[ly applies      
supremely 9 ! highe/ voice culture2 b1  
unhappily1 ?is is n ! note ( our age4   
,accord+ to my idea1 ! /ud5t ( s++ c be/
 le>n ?is subtle & complex art 9 ^?     
c5tres :]e music has be5 longe/ e/abli%$
 & mo/ g5]ally practis$2 :]e x is1 9 a  
^w1 "p ( ! daily life ( ! p r ?an !     
recreation or luxury ( ! few4  ,= ?is   
reason ,i consi/5tly recomm5d /udy 9    
,italy1 ,france1 & ,g]many1 & p>ticul>ly
 = ,am]ican1 ,canadian1 ,engli%1 &      
,au/ralian /ud5ts4  ,i put my own c\ntry
 la/1 9 ! _s ( c\rtesy2 b z a produc] ( 
voices x really ought to come fir/ 9    
consid]ation4  ,z ,i h said1 ,i am      
oppos$ to e girl ) a little k ( music   
embrac+ ! art z a pr(ession m]ely       
because %e consid]s x m g5teel ?an o!r  
av5ues to e>n+ a livelihood4 ,a girl    
%\ld h "s real qualification be=e %e    

looks =w>d to becom+ a pr(essional s+]4 
,k9dly & necess>ily biass$ complim5ts f 
relatives & fri5ds on ! s++ ( a few     
ballads 9 ! home-circle or at an amateur
 conc]t %\ld n be suffici5t to ?ru/ h]  
^u ! pati5ce ( ! musical public4  ,high 
& unprejudic$ au?ority %\ld be s\ght =  
h] guidance1 pref]ably f a s+] :o kn[s !
 conditions & atmosph]e ( ! _w's greate/
 musical c5tres4  ,9 ?is reg>d a p]son  
:o has _h only local exp]i5ce _c        
possibly be a good judge ( :at is ne$$ =
 ! c>e] ( a great s+]4 ,an invaluable   
factor 9 musical success is ! /udy (    
=eign languages4  ,^! are always mo/    
successfully acquir$ 9 ! c\ntries :]e !y
 are ! native tongue4  ,?us1 resid5ce 9 
! e/abli%$ c5tres ( music 9 ! ,old ,_w &
 intimacy ) _! language & traditions    
give ! /ud5t a surety & au?ority 9 h] "w
 t _c possibly be ga9$ 9 any o!r way4   
,( c\rse1 robu/ physical heal? is (     
p>am\nt importance4 ,)\t x a great vocal
 c>e] is absolutely b>r$4  ,i admit t   
!re is mu* 9 a s+]'s life conducive to  

?is physical robu/ness2 z1 = example1 ! 
vigor\s use ( ! brea?+ app>atus4  ,b ?is
 may be m ?an c\nt]act$ by late h\rs1   
mu* travell+ by night1 conc5trat$ ef=ts1
 & disappo9tm5t result+ f ! caprice (   
public ta/e or o!r causes4  ,pl5ty (    
fre% air1 pla9 food1 a reasonable am\nt 
( ex]cise1 & eight or n9e h\rs' sleep   
are all necess>y to ! "y s+]1 ^: l>ynx  
is quick to reflect ! g5]al physical    
condition4  ,at ! same "t1 common s5se &
 individual temp]am5t %\ld be ! be/ (   
all heal? rules4 ,i myself always suff] 
9 a /eam-heat$ ap>tm5t2 ,i consid] !    
g5]al ov]heat+ 9 ,am]ica a m5ace1 & nev]
 all[ ! temp]ature ( my rooms to rise   
above #fj degrees2 :ile at ! same "t !  
:ole range ( my ap>tm5ts is cont9ually  
fre%5$ ) pure air4  ,! s+] %\ld aim at  
becom+ a h>dy plant r ?an a hot-h\se    
fl[]4  ,i "k t a girl ) a voice receives
 a pa9ful revelation ( ! delicacy ( h]  
vocal organs :5 %e passes f a sup]heat$ 
room to ! l[ temp]ature ( a w9t]'s day  
outside4  ,b ,i consid] dry feet f> m   

important ?an ! muffl+ up ( ! ?roat on  
raw1 slu%y days4  ,a s+]'s diet %\ld    
include pl5ty ( fre% fruit & vegetables4
  ,i myself take = breakfa/ only a cup (
 tea & a little toa/4  ,at lun*eon ,i h 
a cutlet or a little *ick51 "s /ew$     
fruit1 ) a light salad1 b no ri* food4  
,my *ief meal is1 ( c\rse1 d9n]1 :i* ,i 
take r late at night1 g5]ally at #g4de1 
unless ,i am s++1 :5 ,i take a light--v 
light--meal ab\t five 9 ! aft]noon4  ,a 
"q (t5 ask$ me is1 ,h[ e>ly %\ld a girl 
beg9 ! m s]i\s bus9ess ( voice culture8 
,nev] be=e %e is sev5te54 ,ev5 a limit$ 
/udy be=e t age w int]f]e ) ! developm5t
 ( ! vocal organs1 & p]haps d !m s]i\s  
injury4  ,among my daily lett]s are _m f
 girls ( fifte5 & sixte5 ask+ = a he>+2 
b ,i always tell !m !y are too "y1 h[ev]
 promis+4  ,z to ! age limit ! o!r way1 
,i feel x w\ld be impossible to give any
 good g5]al advice4  ,i w\ld po9t out1 9
 ?is connection1 t "s arti/s ( _w-wide  
repute are s++ z well today z !y did    
tw5ty ye>s ago1 :ile o!rs h brok5 d[n 9 

a few %ort ye>s1 or h become hopelessly 
defective 9 _! vocal results4  ,x is all
 a "q ( correct or incorrect me?ods4    
,apropos ( ! ne$ = =eign languages1 ,i  
recall an amus+ episode4 ,n long aft] my
 debut 9 ,brussels z ,gilda 9           
,rigoletto1 ,i began to /udy ! op]a (   
,lakme "u ! direction ( ,delibes1 its   
compos]4 ,b my pronunciation ( ,fr5* at 
t "t 0 evid5tly consid]$ by ! directors 
( ! op]a z ! ,fr5* ( ,/rat=d-atte-,b[e1 
& !y d\bt$ :e!r ,i ought to s+ 9 ,lakme 
at all4  ,"o day1 mu* p]plex$ 9 c\ncil1 
!y s5t = ! compos]1 & told him _!       
tr\bles4  ,qu'elle *ante en *9ois1 si   
elle veut1 cri$ ,delibes1 p\nd+ ! table 
) angry fi/1 mais qu'elle *ante mon     
op]a6 7,%e may s+ 9 ,*9ese if %e likes1 
s long z %e s+s my op]a47 ,b ,i 0 really
 backw>d 9 ,fr5*1 & on t acc\nt set to  
"w & /udi$ no less ?an six h\rs a day "u
 a ?or\ghly compet5t ,brussels tea*]4   
,at ! same "t1 ,i %\ld w>n ! /ud5t to be
 c>eful n to ov]do h] "w1 9 h] en?usiasm
 = all ! musical advantages %e sees ab\t

 h]4  ,i ?9k music %\ld be ?or\ghly kn[n
 be=e x is sung4 ,x is a s]i\s tax on ! 
voice to sit d[n at ! piano & try to s+ 
an aria ) :i* ! s+] is n famili>4  ,half
 an h\r's practice is en\gh1 unless !   
/ud5t has exceptional physique2 9 t case
 ,i %\ld say half an h\r e morn+ &      
aft]noon4  ,i h met scores ( /ud5ts     
abroad ^: mi/ak5 dilig5ce impels !m to  
practise = h\rs at a /ret*4  ,su* an    
error may d irretrievable h>m to a      
voice4  ,x is well to realise t ! entire
 vocal me*anism is an exquisitely       
delicate in/rum5t1 capable ( be+ play$  
^u by its own] 9 a way almo/ imp]sonal1 
s t ignorance may mean fatal injury4  ,=
 ?is reason no en?usiasm w\ld induce    
practice to ! ext5t ( tir+ ! voice4  ,z 
to h[ long ?is =eign /udy %\ld la/1 ?is1
 ( c\rse1 dep5ds ^u ! m5tal capacity ( !
 /ud5t4  ,"y s+]s ( _m nations cite to  
me my own case2 = aft] n9e mon?s' /udy 9
 ,p>is1 ,i came out z a full-fl$g$ prima
 donna at ! ,brussels ,op]a ,h\se4  ,b  
,i may say at once t m9e 0 an           

exceptional case1 = ,i 0 born ) a       
natural trill & an absolute control (   
brea?1 s t z a *ild ( sev5 ,i 0 z f>    
advanc$ naturally z "s mature /ud5ts are
 aft] ye>s ( pati5t /udy4  ,9 connection
 ) ! natural trill1 my fell[-pupils at  
college 9 ,ea/ ,melb\rne1 ,au/ralia1 us$
 to ga!r r\nd me & say curi\sly1        
,nellie1 make t funny noise 9 y\r ?roat4
  ,x amus$ !m4  ,b to assume t ! bel    
canto ( p]fect te*nique is to be acquir$
 aft] n9e mon?s' =eign /udy w\ld be     
unwise4  ,on ! o!r h&1 z ,i h already   
/at$1 if a girl _c give good acc\nt (   
h]self aft] eighte5 mon?s' s]i\s /udy1  
,i ?9k %e is n de/9$ to illum9ate vocal 
art4  ,/ill1 any ord9>y t]m sp5t 9 vocal
 /udy _c be reg>d$ z wa/$1 = no sy/em ( 
physical ex]cise is s b5eficial to a    
woman z t involv$ 9 ! high] bran*es (   
vocal culture4 ,at lea/ ! disappo9t$ "o 
c>ries back ) h] a pleas+ & expressive  
voice = ord9>y conv]sation4  ,"h is a   
matt] to :i* little att5tion is paid1   
yet h[ mu* pleasure does a beautiful    

speak+ voice convey6 ,x is surely a     
valuable asset all ?r\gh life4  ,z to   
extrane\s aids to vocal /udy1 !re is    
none s b5eficial z ! con/ant he>+ (     
great s+]s 9 ! roles :i* h secur$ !m    
fame4 ,inde$1 no matt] :at bran* ( music
 a girl selects = h] special /udy1 ,i   
%\ld /rongly urge h] to he> all ! f9e   
music possible1 :e!r op]a1 or*e/ra1     
conc]t1 or oratorio4  ,%e c le>n some?+ 
valuable f all4  ,let me emphasise ?is  
po9t1 = 9 ?is way ! /ud5t w see !ory put
 into practice4  ,x is z if a "y pa9t]  
%\ld visit ! m>vell\s ,tribuna ( !      
,uffizi ,palace 9 ,flor5ce1 :]e !       
supreme examples ( ! great ma/]s are    
hung2 or ! "y sculptor %\ld /udy ,mi*el 
,angelo 9 ! va/ gall]ies ( ! ,vatican4  
,?us no opportunity ( he>+ accept$      
int]pret]s %\ld be lo/4  ,! /ud5t :o    
goes to ,europe1 ( c\rse1 has           
exceptional opportunities all ! ye>     
r\nd2 b ! ,am]ican or ,engli% girl c he>
 9 ,new ,york or ,london dur+ ! musical 
season a comb9ation ( s+]s1 conductors1 

& in/rum5tali/s t is ! be/ ( ! entire   
musical _w4  ,9 addition1 %e %\ld read  
ev]y?+ au?oritative on music &          
musicians1 at ! same "t n conf9+ h]self 
to musical subjects4 ,= a wide & wise   
read+ ( ev]y?+ t broad5s ! m9d & gives  
"o a tru] k ( art & nature is ( supreme 
importance4 ,no?+ s helps !             
int]pretative s5se z a f9e & cultivat$  
imag9ation1 & an appreciation ( nature's
 beauties1 great pa9t+s1 /atu>y1 & ! be/
 lit]ature gives "o an arti/ic grasp n  
possible to ! /ud5t :o is m]ely well    
in=m$ on musical matt]s4  ,:ile ,i am a 
/rong advocate ( =eign /udy1 ,i ?9k x a 
pity t s _m ,am]ican & ,briti% /ud5ts   
elect to swell p]man5tly ! ov]-cr[d$    
ranks ( ! musical pr(ession on ! cont95t
 ( ,europe in/ead ( return+ to ! less   
cr[d$ c5tres ( _! home l&s1 & giv+ _!   
compatriots ! b5efit ( _! exp]i5ce &    
example4  ,x is giv5 to few ( u to atta9
 _w prom95ce1 & ^? to :om su* fame is   
manife/ly impossible %\ld n fe> to try =
 ! be/ _! own c\ntry (f]s1 :i* may be a 

great & dignifi$ me$4  ,adequate /udy 9 
,europe requires a good deal ( money4   
,= mo/ "y girls a *ap]on or companion is
 ess5tial2 al?\gh !re are a numb] (     
places :]e a solit>y "y /ud5t may f9d ! 
com=t & ! protection ( a home4 ,:]e ?is 
is possible ! exp5ses are naturally mu* 
less4  ,! lead+ pr(essors on ! ,cont95t 
*>ge f a gu9ea to two gu9eas a lesson1 )
 a c]ta9 r$uction ( an ext5d$ t]m4      
,?ree lessons a week are usual4  ,z to !
 exp5ses ( liv+1 ev5 on ! mo/ mod]ate   
scale !y _c be reasonably e/imat$ at    
less ?an five gu9eas a week = bo>d1     
dress1 all[ance1 conc]t & op]a tickets1 
& g5]al exp5ses4  ,?is1 ) lessons ext5d+
 ov] eighte5 mon?s or m1 runs into a    
consid]able sum4  ,to ! /ud5t ) weal? z 
well z voice ! way w\ld appe> smoo?2 yet
 ,i w\ld (f] a ^w ( w>n+4  ,fir/1 !     
flatt]y ( fri5ds & possibly unscrupul\s 
advis]s is dang]\s4 ,besides1 ! fact (  
afflu5ce t5ds to dim9i% ! s5se (        
responsibility4  ,money1 x mu/ be borne 
9 m9d1 _c buy purity ( tone1 temp]am5t1 

or correct brea?+4  ,^! entail h>d "w1  
ev5 ) natural gifts4  ,"o _c buy bra9s )
 money1 or ev5 ! ability to appreciate !
 bra9s ( o!rs1 & ! lovelie/ voice t ev] 
*>m$ ! _w mu/ be guid$ & us$ ?r\gh !    
intellect2 o!rwise x mu/ fall f> %ort ( 
! highe/ /&>d4  ,! po9t is t a weal?y   
/ud5t may become slack1 & =get h[ wide  
mu/ be ! culture ( a great s+]4  ,a     
complete /udy ( piano1 c\nt]po9t1 &     
h>mony are z necess>y z gramm> to !     
spok5 language2 & all t is be/ 9 ?is    
big1 busy _w mu/ be seiz$ ^u & br\ght   
into s]vice1 = div9e music is an exig5t 
goddess4  ,! poor /ud5t ) an exceptional
 voice is un=tunately plac$1 & advice to
 h] mu/ be ( a negative k9d4  ,%e may   
fall into ! mi/ake ( ?9k+ t if %e c get 
into *oir or *orus %e w be advanc+ to "s
 ext5t4  ,b :ile a well-tra9$ voice may 
be us$ 9 a *orus )\t s]i\s h>m1 ! girl  
:o kn[s no?+ ab\t plac+ h] voice1 & is  
prodigal 9 ! use ( x1 may f9d *orus "w  
mo/ injuri\s4  ,_m ambiti\s "y wom5 save
 money ) ! aim ( att5d+ a musical       

college4  ,?is is an education ,i nev]  
advocate1 = ,i believe 9 individual     
tra9+4  ,no /ud5t c atta9 ! be/ results 
9 a class :]e p]sonal sup]vision is a   
matt] ( p]functory duty4 ,c]ta9ly good  
s+]s h come f musical colleges1 b !y h  
_h temp]am5t & p]sonality su* z rise    
above ! sy/em4  ,& to "w at any trade or
 pr(ession :ile cultivat+ ! voice is a  
que/ionable arrangem5t1 = ! /ud5t takes 
vitality f ! voice & places x 9 ano!r   
direction4  ,i d\bt if "o c\ld )        
correctness summ>ily assign *>act]i/ics 
to ! vocal /ud5ts ( ! diff]5t nations2  
&1 besides1 "o likes to ?9k ( music z   
cosmopolitan--univ]sal 9 its inspiration
 & influ5ce4  ,! ,italian girl is p]haps
 ! readie/ to help h] song by facial    
expression1 ! ,fr5* girl ! fir/ to ma/] 
! poetic message1 & ! ,g]man ! mo/      
?or\gh 9 all-r\nd pursuit ( musical k4  
,_m ,am]ican & ,briti% /ud5ts are too   
easily satisfi$1 & (t51 on secur+ a     
c]ta9 measure ( success at _! fir/      
public appe>ance1 refra9 f fur!r /udy at

 ! v "t t _! "w %\ld be reg>d$ z beg9n+ 
9 real e>ne/4  ,z to ! voices ( !       
diff]5t nations ) :i* ,i am famili>1 x  
is a difficult & ?ankless task to       
summ>ise !m )9 ! inadequate limit ( a   
few l9es4  ,i %\ld say1 h[ev]1 t !      
voices ( ,italy are ! mo/ natural4  ,!y 
are ! voices ( ! sun2 j z 9 my native   
l&1 ,au/ralia1 ! ,italy ( ! s\!rn       
hemisph]e1 ! voices seem to gl9t &      
vibrate z x ) liquid sunlight4  ,!re is 
9 ^! ,s\!rn voices a resonance r>ely    
f\nd 9 voices ( ! ,nor?4  ,z to ,g]many1
 ,i %\ld say t ! s++ voices are m !     
result ( sci5ce ?an ( nature--less      
buoyant1 less responsive1 yet sup]b 9 _!
 own way4  ,! great s+]s ( ,france1 to  
my m9d1 c\ld be m accurately describ$ z 
great diseurs1 s exquisitely are !y     
practis$ 9 ! art ( diction4  ,no s+]s s 
effectively %[ ! beauty or importance ( 
! words sung4  ,! cosmopolitan          
conditions ( ,am]ica seem to me to h s  
f> militat$ aga9/ ! developm5t ( any    
p>ticul> voice or s*ool t c\ld be       

accurately labell$ ,am]ican1 :ile !     
,engli% voices are p>ticul>ly adapt$ =  
conc]t & oratorio s++4  ,ow+ to !       
*>act]i/ic res]ve ( ! ,engli% p1 !y are1
 z a rule1 sl[ to commit !mselves to t  
temp]am5tal ab&on :i* is ess5tial to    
op]atic int]pretation4  ,i am1 h[ev]1   
glad to be able to say )\t any res]ve t 
,i consid] ! ,engli% *oruses ! f9e/ 9 ! 
_w4  ,i ref] m specially to ! great     
*oirs he>d at ! ,engli% musical         
fe/ivals4 ,:at volume & beauty ( tone1  
:at precision & light & %ade1 are       
embodi$ 9 _! "w6 ,p]sonally1 if ,i c be 
said to dislike any =m ( music1 x is    
oratorio2 b :5 ,i he> an ,engli% *orus  
at a fe/ival 9 ,birm+ham1 ,le$s1        
,bri/ol1 or ,worce/]1 ,i am almo/       
p]suad$ to become an oratorio en?usia/4 
,?is pap] w\ld n be complete )\t "s     
ref]5ce to p]sonal appe>ance z an asset 
9 a s+]'s c>e]4  ,!re is mu* sugge/ion1 
expression ev51 9 ! turn ( a curl4  ,!  
woman :o kn[s h[ to make up effectively 
is m ( an arti/ ?an ! "o :o does n4 ,!  

:ole ?+ makes = arti/ic complet5ess4  ,i
 h kn[n h&some wom5 appe> unattractive  
on ! /age or plat=m m]ely because !y    
reli$ entirely on _! natural physical   
gifts )\t consid]+ h[ ^! 7 affect$ by ! 
space1 & /ructural & light+ conditions1 
( ! build+ 9 :i* !y sang4  ,!re are     
cases :]e good looks are ! ma9 reason = 
! exploitation ( a s+]2 b su* fav\r is  
b\nd to be %ort-liv$1 & no arti/ic      
reputation c be long ma9ta9$ on s false 
a basis4  ,z to secur+ an introduction  
to ! public1 ,i h little to say beyond !
 fact t ability w surely f9d its way4   
,9 my own pa? great ob/acles 7 plac$1 b 
,i d n ?9k any?+ 9 ?is _w c\ld h h9d]$  
me f becom+ a s+]4  ,i h sung to an     
audi5ce ( two1 & su* 0 my girli%        
en?usiasm t ,i h ev5 act$ z my own      
billpo/]1 ) a pot ( pa/e procur$ f a    
hotel kit*54  ,! occasion 0 a *anty     
conc]t at an ,au/ralian seaside resort =
 ! purpose ( repair+ a neglect$ c\ntry  
cemet]y4  ,lat] ,i _h to ab&on propos$  
conc]ts because !re 0 n en\gh support to

 pay = ! light+ ( ! hall4  ,yet ,i      
p]sev]$1 & my *ance came4  ,x is well to
 aim at ! highe/1 yet 9 my he>t ( he>ts 
,i believe t e really great s+] is born 
r ?an made4  ,no tea*] liv+ c imp>t     
temp]am5t & an infallible e> = music4   
,a p]fect *e/1 l>ynx1 & resonance *amb]s
 are also gifts ( ,god2 & s1 too1 are ! 
musical intuition1 ! ravi%+ voice1 !    
indu/ry1 ! ambition1 & ! p]fect physical
 heal?1 :i* are all attributes (        
vocali/s :o h become really great4  ,b  
bel[ t heav5ly gift$ circle !re are _m  
ni*es :i* %\ld be fill$1 n by casual    
obs]v]s1 b by qualifi$ musicians1 to :om
 h>d & pati5t "w has br\ght atta9m5ts   
second only to ^? =tunate creatures :o h
 sprung into ! musical ar5a1 l ,m9]va1  
fully equipp$4                          
99,,h9ts ,,on ,,! ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! 
,,voice499                              
99,by ,,enrico ,,c>uso499   ,x has (t5  
/ruck me1 9 a l5g?y exp]i5ce z a s+]1 t 
!re is "o po9t 9 p>ticul> ab\t ! human  
voice :i* is f> too little appreciat$ by

 ! ris+ g5]ation ( aspir+ vocali/s1 & t 
is its wond]ful reciprocity4 ,t5d x1    
nurse x1 fe$ x on a prop] diet1 & x w   
inv>iably comport itself 9 ! mo/ amiable
 mann] possible4  ,b neglect x1 treat x 
z an organ :i* is be/ left to look aft] 
itself1 & ! voice w at once1 9 rev5ge = 
?is call\s behavi\r1 retaliate by behav+
 itself 9 a mann] :i* is p]haps be/     
describ$ z ( ! hooligani/ic ord]4  ,&   
yet1 z an actual fact1 b a v small      
p]c5tage inde$ ( w\ld-be s+]s ev] really
 seem to ?9k x wor? _! :ile to be> 9 m9d
 ?is axiom1 = axiom x surely is1 t !    
voice requires prop] c>e & prop] ex]cise
 to keep x 9 its be/ =m j z mu* z is a  
c]ta9 am\nt ( ex]cise necess>y to !     
ma9t5ance ( good heal? 9 e human be+4   
,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 !re w\ld seem to be
 a preval5t impression among _m amateur 
& n a few pr(essional s+]s t s++ is an  
art :i* c be acquir$ 9 q a %ort "t4     
,?us1 is x n curi\s t :ile _m /ud5ts ( !
 piano or ! viol9 w will+ly devote ye>s 
( /r5u\s & consci5ti\s practice to !    

/udy ( ! te*nique ( ^! in/rum5ts1       
w\ld-be s+]s frequ5tly seem to expect to
 le>n h[ to use _! voice to ! be/       
advantage aft] a p]iod ( vocal practice 
ext5d+1 maybe1 ov] a ye> or s1 b m (t5  
ev5 ov] only a few mon?s8 ,?is policy1  
,i ne$ sc>cely rem>k1 is absolutely     
ru9\s to ! future c>e]s ( "y s+]s1 = no 
matt] h[ naturally tal5t$ any individual
 vocali/ may be1 he or %e _c possibly   
produce ! be/ results z a s+] unless !  
p>ticul> organs br\ght into play 9 !    
process ( s++ h be5 subject$ to a prop] 
& suffici5tly long c\rse ( tra9+4  ,s9ce
 ! days ( ! old ,italian ma/]s !re c be 
no %ad[ ( d\bt t1 musically1 we h       
advanc$ consid]ably2 b sometimes1 :5 ,i 
?9k ( ! r slip%od me?ods ( cultivat+ !  
voice advocat$ by _m s-call$ pr(essors  
to-day1 ! ?\ght impresses itself on my  
m9d t ! detail$ pr9ciples ( ! old       
,italian ma/]s :o1 above all o!r        
consid]ations1 insi/$ on a long c\rse ( 
voice tra9+ z be+ ! only possible means 
to ! atta9m5t ( ! be/ art1 possess$ m to

 recomm5d !m ?an d _m ( ! mod]n         
artifices ( voice-cultivation pr(f]$ by 
_m tea*]s ( s++ to-day4  ,9 a %ort      
article1 ( c\rse1 x is obvi\sly         
impossible to g 9 detail into all !     
rules :i* %\ld be obs]v$ by s+]s :o are 
prep>$ to und]take ! task ( cultivat+ _!
 voices on a consci5ti\s & s\nd basis4  
,at ! same "t1 ,i hope to be able to    
sugge/ v>i\s h9ts & wr9kles :i* %\ld    
prove ( real value to aspir+ s+]s4  ,9 !
 fir/ place1 !re=e1 let me say at once t
 x is ! mo/ fatal ( all errors = a s+]  
to make too mu* use ( ! voice1 = !      
muscles ( ! l>ynx are s delicate t !y _c
 possibly /& ! /ra9 ( !                 
le>n-to-s+-9-a-hurry me?ods ( ^? :o hope
 to atta9 ! highe/ po9t ( pr(ici5cy )\t 
devot+ suffici5t "t to t drudg]y :i* is 
absolutely ess5tial to ! real & p]fect  
cultivation ( ! voice4  ,= ?is          
all-important reason ,i w\ld c\nsel s+]s
 to see to x at all times t 9 ! e>ly    
days ( _! tra9+ !y d n devote too mu* "t
 to practice4  ,if !y w take my advice1 

until !y become ?or\ghly pr(ici5t 9     
manag+ ! voice--a happy /ate ( affairs  
:i* c only be acquir$ aft] long         
practice--!y w at fir/ nev] devote m ?an
 fifte5 m9utes a day--9 ! e>ly morn+ is1
 p]haps1 ! be/ "t--to practice4  ,i c   
readily realise t ?is mu/ seem a v %ort 
"t to en?usia/s :o are will+ to give up 
all _! sp>e "t to ! /udy ( voice        
cultivation1 b x is1 nev]!less1 q long  
en\gh1 = ! slighte/ /ra9 put ^u ! voice 
may ret>d a s+]'s progress by mon?s1    
:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 z ,i po9t$ out at !  
beg9n+ ( ?is article1 if ! s+] w only   
be> 9 m9d t ! voice requires ! mo/      
c>eful nurs+ ( p]haps all ! organs1 &   
mu/ on no acc\nt be /ra9$1 he w soon f9d
 t1 ?\gh he may n be aw>e ( any         
improvem5t 9 x1 8 voice is1 nev]!less1  
sl[ly b surely improv+ & ga9+ 9 /r5g?   
?r\gh 8 gradually-gr[+ k ( te*nique4    
,ano!r po9t 9 ! cultivation ( ! voice   
:i* ,i (t5 ?9k is n suffici5tly /rongly 
emphasis$ to-day is ! fact t "y s+]s c  
improve _! me?ods 9 ! mo/ extraord9>ily 

rapid mann] by /udy+ ! me?ods ( o!r & m 
exp]i5c$ s+]s4  ,9 s++1 z 9 !           
cultivation ( ! o!r arts1 9 "t ! /ud5t w
 get :at he works =1 b x is surely      
unreasonable = him to expect to s+      
effectively by 8 own inspiration4  ,he w
 be wise1 !re=e1 to seize e opportunity 
( /udy+ z closely z possible ! me?ods ( 
^? :o h ?or\ghly ma/]$ ! te*nique ( s++4
  ,= true art1 ( c\rse1 !re mu/ be m ?an
 te*nique1 b ,i w\ld po9t out t 9 s++   
!re is no art )\t s\nd me?ods (         
execution1 :i*1 aft] all1 to all int5ts 
& purposes con/itute te*nique4 ,9 !     
cultivation ( expression1 te*nique1 &   
sympa?y 9 ! voice1 !re is no bett] tea*]
 ?an a visit to ! op]a4 ,/ill1 ,i make  
no d\bt t ( ! hundr$s ( aspir+ s+]s :o  
visit ! op]a dur+ ! season b v few inde$
 w\ld c>e to g ?r\gh ! ye>s ( drudg]y z 
consci5ti\sly z h ^? :o seem to s+ s    
easily & to comb9e ! art ( act+ & s++ at
 ! same "t ) equal facility4  ,aft] all1
 ! highe/ art lies 9 ! concealm5t ( t   
art1 & ,i take x t x is because a really

 pr(ici5t op]a s+] accompli%es 8        
p]=mance ) su* app>5t ease t !          
difficulties ( op]atic s++ are s little 
appreciat$4  ,/ill1 z ,i h said1 ,i am  
/rongly ( ! op9ion t "y s+]s c le>n mu* 
f /udy+ ! me?ods ( op]atic vocali/s1 t  
is to say1 :5 !y h ma/]$ ! rudim5ts (   
voice cultivation1 into :i* ,i ne$ n    
ent] "h1 = my object is r to %[ s+]s    
v>i\s me?ods by :i* !y c atta9 ! highe/ 
art :5 !y h s]v$ a suffici5t            
appr5tice%ip "u ma/]s ^: duty x is to   
tea* !m ! elem5t>y rules ( s++4  ,= my  
own "p1 ,i f9d t a s+]'s life1 ) its    
con/ant rehe>sals & p]=mances1 is su* a 
busy "o t n mu* opportunity is all[$ him
 = indulg+ 9 outdoor ex]cise4  ,_m o!r  
en?usia/ic s+]s d\btless f9d !mselves   
situat$ 9 v simil> /raits1 n p]haps on  
acc\nt ( _! public engagem5ts1 b ?r\gh !
 calls made ^u _! "t by bus9ess1 social1
 or dome/ic duties4  ,9 ! cultivation ( 
! voice1 h[ev]1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( ex]cise 
is ess5tial to good heal?1 z1 by ! same 
tok51 is good heal? a s9e qua non to !  

atta9m5t ( ! highe/ art 9 s++4  ,x may  
be ( s]vice1 !re=e1 if ,i expla9 ! rules
 ,i obs]ve :5 ,i f9d ! calls ^u my "t   
too num]\s to enable me to get z mu*    
ex]cise z ,i %\ld o!rwise l4  ,no matt] 
h[ busy ,i am1 :5 ,i rise 9 ! morn+ ,i  
inv>iably indulge 9 a few simple        
physical ex]cises1 simil> 9 "* to ^? ,i 
us$ to practise :51 z a "y man1 ! "t    
came = me to s]ve my k+ & c\ntry z a    
soldato1 or1 if ,i feel t ^! are becom+ 
monoton\s1 = a few m9utes ,i f9d        
practice ) a pair ( dumb-bells--n too   
heavy1 by ! way--v b5eficial4  ,b save  
^! mild =ms ( relaxation ,i h1 z a rule1
 to re/ cont5t )1 9 ! way ( outdoor     
ex]cise1 an occasional motor drive4     
,nev]!less1 ,i w\ld po9t out t1 9       
itself1 s++1 ) its con/ant deep         
inhalation1 is by no means inconsid]able
 ex]cise1 ?\gh1 to be sure1 ,i am well  
aw>e t x _c be s heal?-giv+ 9 its       
effects z actual ex]cise 9 ! op5 air4   
,yes1 pa/ a d\bt1 "y s+]s c le>n mu*    
ab\t ! highe/ art ( ! cultivation ( !   

voice f wat*+ ! k ( te*nique ( our be/  
op]atic arti/s1 & f obs]v+ _! me?ods (  
manag+ ! voice4  ,/ill1 to ?or\ghly     
grasp ! progress ( ! op]a-s+]'s art1 x w
 be necess>y = /ud5ts to appreciate !   
fact t ,italian s++ has _h two important
 culm9at+ p]iods1 ea* ( :i* 0 illu/rat$ 
by a gr\p ( great s+]s1 ! fir/ ( :i* 0  
made up ( pupils ( ,b]nac*i1 ,pi/oc*i1  
,francesca ,cuzzoni1 & o!r contempor>y  
tea*]s4  ,^! great s+]s br\ght ! art (  
bel canto to z ne> a /ate ( p]fection z 
has ev] be5 kn[n4 ,b "o has to rememb] !
 conditions "u :i* !y sang4  ,?us       
,victor ,maurel writes3--,9 ! days ( !  
s*ools ( ! art ( bel canto ! ma/]s did n
 h to take tru? = expression            
7l'expression ju/e7 into acc\nt1 = ! s+]
 0 n requir$ to r5d] ! s5tim5ts ( !     
dramatis p]sonae ) v]isimilitude2 all t 
0 dem&$ ( him 0 h>moni\s s\nds1 ! bel   
canto4 ,9 o!r words1 all t ! s+] _h to d
 0 to s+1 = ! emotions !mselves _h n to 
be portray$1 ! psy*ical "* ( ! dramatis 
p]sonae n be+ tak5 into acc\nt4  ,9     

consequ5ce1 ! p]fection ( ! s+]'s voice 
0 b slightly int]f]$ )1 z1 at mo/1 he _h
 little or no act+ to d1 a conv5tional  
oratorical ge/ure or two be+ consid]$ q 
suffici5t = ! fa%ion ( ! p]iod4  ,& x is
 sc>cely necess>y to rem>k t ! great    
s+]s ( ?is p]iod 7 skilful en\gh        
musicians to prev5t su* unimportant     
ge/ures1 :i* h>dly des]ve ! dignity ( ! 
"n ( act+1 f be+ an ob/acle to ! high   
quality ( _! s++4  ,9 ! second p]iod (  
,italian s++1 h[ev]1 ! p]iod :i*        
co9cides ) ! ,ross9i-,donizetti-,bell9i 
p]iod ( op]a 9 its heydey1 ! conditions1
 we f9d1 7 greatly alt]$4  ,! music at  
?is "t 0 at once m dramatic & m sc5ic1 &
 al?\gh ! s++ 0 /ill bel canto1 ! op]a  
s+] ( ! p]iod 0 call$ ^u n only to s+   
well1 b to s+ dramatically1 ?\gh x mu/  
be said t ! music itself provid$ l>g]   
scope = ! actor's art1 9 t x gave m     
fav\rable opportunity = specialis+ &    
diff]5tiat+ ! emotions4  ,9 ,! ,op]a    
,pa/ & ,pres5t we f9d ! foll[+ int5sely 
int]e/+ allusion to ^! two great        

culm9at+ p]iods ( ,italian s++3--,a     
comp>ison ( ^! two p]iods ( ,italian s++
 indicates ! direction matt]s h tak5 ) !
 op]a s+] f ,h&el's "t to our own4 ,f !n
 to n[ he has _h to face an ev]-increas+
 accumulation ( unt[>d conditions2 8    
pr(essional "w has become m & m         
complicat$4  ,f ,ross9i's "t d[n to ?is 
! purely musical difficulties he has _h 
to face h be5 con/antly on !            
increase--complexity ( musical /ructure1
 rhy?mic complications1 haz>d\s         
intonations4  ,he has to fight aga9/ ! m
 & m brilliant /yle ( in/rum5tation1 (t5
 pu%$ to a po9t :]e ! greate/ /ress (   
vocal ef=t is requir$ ( him to make     
himself he>d above ! or*e/ral d92 m &   
bett] act+ is dem&$ ( him1 he f9ds !    
vague g5]alities ( hi/rionism no long] (
 avail2 = ^! mu/ make way = a highly    
specialis$1 real-seem+ dramatic         
imp]sonation2 intellectually &          
physically 8 task has be5 d\bl$ &       
trebl$4 ,above all1 ! %e] n]v\s t5sion (
 situations & music has s increas$ z to 

make due self-control on 8 "p less easy4
  ,! op]a s+]'s position to-day is v]ily
 no joke2 he has to face & conqu]       
difficulties su* z ! great bel canti/s (
 ! ,h&el p]iod nev] dreamt (4  ,x has   
ev] be5 my cont5tion t ! consci5ti\s    
arti/ %\ld c>efully read & re-read !    
:ole libretto1 s z to in=m himself ( !  
poet's purpose & mean+ 9 ! con/ruction &
 developm5t ( ! plot1 z well z to ev]   
be> 9 m9d 8 conception ( ! compos]'s    
idea ( h[ ! poetry & ! v>i\s aspects (  
m9d ( ! *>act]s %\ld be aptly &         
effectively musick$ & int]pret$ s z to  
awak5 a k9dr$1 or appreciative1 feel+ 9 
! m9ds ( 8 he>]s4  ,besides ?is1 ! op]a 
s+] :o aspires to rise to great heights 
mu/ possess a ke5 n]v\s susceptibility1 
= only a man or woman ( high n]v\s      
temp]am5t c reasonably hope to succe$ z 
a lyrico-dramatic arti/4  ,aga91 9 !    
great op]as a mo/ sev]e /ra9 is plac$ ^u
 ! lead+ s+]s1 = :ile !y are portray+   
v>i\s emotions---,love1 ,hate1 ,rage1 or
 ,laught]--!y h1 at ! same "t1 to wat* !

 conductor ) mo/ m9ute c>e le/ !y fail 9
 "t & rhy?m4  ,9 f9e1 ?\gh ,i ?9k b few 
o!r ?an really consci5ti\s /ud5ts ( s++ 
entirely appreciate ! fact1 ! op]a-s+] (
 to-day is call$ ^u to possess a f>     
great] k ( vocal te*nique ?an 0 ev]     
dem&$ ( him be=e 9 ! hi/ory ( s++1 z ^? 
good & gold5 days--gold5 only to !      
mod]ate p]=m] ) b little ambition--:5 ! 
s+] :o p]haps sc>cely knew m ?an a few  
notes ( music c\ld1 nev]!less1 /ill     
ar\se ! plaudits ( ! public are         
gone--nev] to return4  ,i hope1 by !    
way1 t x w n be ?\ght t ,i h ent]$ too  
te*nically into ! requirem5ts dem&$ f an
 aspirant to op]atic fame to-day4  ,i   
sc>cely ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ,i c h done s1 =  
,i feel sure e really aspir+ vocali/    
w\ld pref] to "k ! exact heights to :i* 
he mu/ cultivate 8 voice ei!r on !      
op]atic /age or conc]t plat=m1 or ev5 = 
! draw+-room1 t is to say1 if he is ev] 
to make a great "n = himself 9 pref]5ce 
to re/+ cont5t to rema9 "o ( ! mod]ates1
 ( :i* ! musical pr(ession is altoge!r  

already too full1 n because !re is a    
lack ( s+]s ) good voices1 b l>gely1 z  
,i h always ma9ta9$1 because !re is a f>
 too preval5t t5d5cy among/ s+]s ^! days
 to %irk ! real h>d "w :i* mu/ be       
accompli%$ be=e la/+ success c be       
atta9$4  ,9 conclusion1 9 ord] to all[  
s+]s' voices to develop 9 a satisfactory
 mann]1 let me c\nsel !m nev] to attempt
 ^? selections 9 public ! range ( :i*   
taxes & /ra9s !m to ! utmo/1 = :5 a s+] 
exce$s 8 prop] range injury to ! ?roat  
is always liable to foll[4 ,bett] r1    
!re=e1 is x t a song %\ld be transpos$  
to a l[] key if a s+] is det]m9$ to     
attempt x ?an t ! voice %\ld be unduly  
tax$4  ,& n[ ,i w say addio1 ?\gh ,i    
w\ld add t x is my s9c]e hope t "s ( !  
few h9ts ,i h giv5 on ! cultivation ( ! 
voice & ( ! heights ( excell5ce to :i*  
ambiti\s s+]s %\ld aspire may prove (   
real value to ^? ) suffici5t pluck to   
face ! task ( /udy+ ! art ( !           
cultivation ( ! voice 9 a really        
consci5ti\s mann]4  ,h>d "w accompli%es 

wond]s :]e ! voice is conc]n$4  ,let me1
 !re=e1 c\nsel s+]s nev] to despair (   
atta9+ a /ate z ne> to p]fection z      
possible1 = x is ^? :o are mo/ alive to 
_! own imp]fections :o w assur$ly g f>!/
 9 ! s++ _w4                            
99,,h[ ,,to ,,atta9 ,,success ,,9       
,,s++499                                
99,by ,,b5 ,,davies499   ,to a c]ta9    
ext5t x mu/ be admitt$ at once t x is   
und\bt$ly true t !re is no royal1       
infallible road to success 9 !          
acquirem5t ( p]fect ma/]y ov] any art4  
,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ,i w\ld lay       
p>ticul> /ress on ! fact t x is equally 
true t !re are n a few h9ts & wr9kles   
:i*1 if /udi\sly borne 9 m9d & practis$1
 mu/ inevitably prove ( real value to   
all :o w apply !mselves to ^! said words
 ( advice 9 a ?or\ghly :ole-he>t$ mann]4
  ,&1 9 p>ticul>1 ?is some:at trite     
aphorism applies ) great =ce to ! art ( 
le>n+ to s+1 = ! human voice1 z e       
consci5ti\s /ud5t ( music mu/ be well   
aw>e1 is an exceptionally responsive    

organ4  ,neglect x1 & x w assur$ly run  
to se$2 t5d x c>efully1 cultivate x 9 a 
common-s5se mann]1 give x "t to gr[ up1 
& x w rew>d y = y\r pa9s a hundr$fold4  
,let me1 !re=e1 try & give a few h9ts   
bas$ on an exp]i5ce ext5d+ ov] m ye>s   
?an ,i sometimes c>e to ?9k ab\t1 :i* ,i
 tru/ w prove ( real value to aspir+    
s+]s4  ,i h already said t !re is no    
royal road to success 9 ! art ( le>n+ to
 s+1 b1 nev]!less1 ! possessor ( a      
mod]ate voice c improve 8 or h] voice 9 
a mo/ gratify+ mann] by /udy+ 9 ! "r    
way4  ,bad habits 9 s++ are peculi>ly   
difficult to rid oneself (2 x is well to
 avoid ! risk ( acquir+ ^? bad habits by
 sett+ out on ! "r road at once4  ,&    
hav+ />t$1 pu% =w>d ) unfail+ en]gy &   
c\rage4  ,9 ! fir/ place ,i w\ld c\nsel 
! ambiti\s s+]1 be=e proce$+ ) !        
developm5t ( ! voice to asc]ta9 its real
 "* & quality4 ,?us1 "s voices1 to ! e> 
( ! tra9$ exp]t1 al?\gh !y may be       
actually untra9$ & undevelop$1 nev]!less
 possess a decid$ & m>k$ quality :5 /ill

 uncultivat$1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 !re are
 o!r voices ^: positive nature x is f> f
 easy to det]m9e4  ,i w\ld !re=e        
emphasise ! fact t x is n ^u its range &
 ext5t t ! real "* ( any individual     
voice dep5ds1 b r ^u its quality &      
timbre4  ,i w\ld lay /ress1 too1 on     
ano!r po9t--namely1 t ! real p[] (      
expression is f\nd 9 ! middle quality ( 
e voice1 & t x is n =ce :i* t5ds to make
 ?is middle quality full & resonant1 b !
 cultivat$ ease & /ead9ess by :i* !     
vocal s\nds are produc$ & su/a9$4  ,!re 
is no?+ m pa9ful to ! e> ( an exp]t     
musician ?an to he> a s+] =c+ 8 voice 9 
an ef=t to produce an effect ( expansion
 & vibration4  ,w\ld-be arti/ic s+]s    
%\ld ?us nurse _! voices ) unfail+ c>e1 
= ease & /ead9ess are inf9itely m       
arti/ic ?an =c+ ! voice4  ,i w n "h ent]
 into ! "q ( :at p>ticul> ex]cises !    
/ud5t %\ld foll[ 9 8 or h] e>ly days1 = 
su* matt]s are too elem5t>y a k9d & c   
safely be tru/$ to any compet5t tea*]4  
,at ! same "t ,i w\ld po9t out t !      

c>eful vocal /ud5t w be wise to adopt ! 
/yle ( music be/ adapt$ to 8 or h]      
voice1 =1 obvi\s ?\gh ?is po9t %\ld be1 
x is none ! less true t _m s+]s ov]look 
! fact t to give ! voice an adequate    
*ance ( develop+ x %\ld be cultivat$ &  
f$ ^u ! p>ticul> /yle ( music = :i*     
,nature w\ld seem to h giv5 x bir?4     
,aga91 ,i am tak+ x = grant$ t ! s+] has
 safely wea!r$ ! /orms insep>able f !   
initial or drudg]y side ( voice         
cultivation--p>ticul> c>e %\ld be       
ex]cis$ 9 ! selection ( songs1 = ,i h   
frequ5tly not$ t _m s+]s :o %\ld surely 
h kn[n bett]1 h1 nev]!less1 frequ5tly   
fail$ to give _! voices a *ance ( %[+ _!
 real m]it by select+ songs utt]ly      
unsuit$ to !m4  ,?us1 maybe1 a male s+] 
has gone out ( 8 way to select a song   
especially int5d$ = a lady1 :ile ! latt]
 has %[n a pron\nc$ pr$ilection = s++   
songs int5d$ solely = m54 ,! result (   
su* an unwise selection is surely be/   
left to ! imag9ation4  ,& n[ let me say 
a few words ab\t ! mann] 9 :i* /ud5ts   

%\ld /udy _! musical compositions4      
,almo/ e s+] possibly possesses "s small
 peculi>ity 9 ?is respect1 b ,i ?9k ,i  
_c d bett] ?an quote ! sy/em ( /udy     
foll[$ out by ^? two great arti/s1      
,grisi & ,m>io2 =1 frankly1 to a great  
ext5t _! me?ods may1 among future       
g5]ations1 well become /&>d me?ods4  ,9 
/udy+ any new composition1 :e!r ! mo/   
important op]a1 or ! simple/ ballad1 !y 
foll[$ a set plan4  ,x 0 ?is3 ! words 7 
fir/ consid]$1 & :5 ! int5tion & mean+ (
 ! text _h be5 cle>ly asc]ta9$ & fully  
und]/ood1 !n1 & n till !n1 ! music ) :i*
 x 0 associat$1 0 le>nt by he>t--e      
sali5t feature & opportunity = effect   
be+ mo/ c>efully ?\ght ov] & decid$ ^u4 
,x 0 "o ( ,m>io's maxims1 t unless a s+]
 _h all he 0 s++ ab\t ?or\ghly 9 8 head1
 z well z 9 8 ?roat1 he c\ld nev] d     
himself ju/ice4  ',b1' he us$ to say1   
'if y get z famili> z y %\ld be ) y\r   
"w1 !n1 :5 y are 9 ! hum\r1 & 9 good    
voice1 y c let y\rself g1 ) ! c]ta9ty   
almo/ ( produc+ ! effect y int5d ^u y\r 

audi5ce--t is to say1 if y ev] h any    
mom5ts ( inspiration4'  ,:e!r 9 consid]+
 ! dramatic effects to be made by ',ra\l
 & ,val5t9a1' or 9 tak+ 9 h& ',good-bye1
 ,swee!>t1' or ',! ,m9/rel ,boy1' ! plan
 !y foll[$ 0 ! same4  ,! words 7 ?\ght (
 fir/1 !n ! music1 &1 ) ! words & music 
comb9$1 p>ticul> att5tion 0 giv5 to !   
po9ts to be dwelt on & made prom95t4    
,^! latt] 7 n all[$ to be too frequ5t1 b
 7 s *os5 z to make ! deepe/ impression4
  ,! importance ( su* a plan z ?is c    
h>dly be ov]rat$4  ,x seems n only to   
ensure s++ ) intellig5ce1 b to save a   
s+] v mu* unnecess>y ex]tion1 by m>k+   
d[n ! int]vals :]e en]gy has to be us$1 
z well z ^? :]e ! voice may1 s to speak1
 be nurs$ & kept 9 res]ve4  ,speak+ ( a 
pian(orte accompanim5t1 ,m>io us$ to    
say1 ,! art ( accompany+ is display$ 9 !
 foll[+1 aid+1 & support+ ! s+]2 n 9    
hurry+ him1 nor 9 dr[n+ 8 voice4  ,an   
accompani/1 9 8 op9ion1 %\ld nev] be    
timid2 b1 if unc]ta9 ( ! notes to be    
play$1 %\ld1 nev]!less1 /rike !m firmly 

& c\rage\sly1 o!rwise ! s+] gets        
confus$1 loses confid5ce 9 himself & !  
accompanim5t1 & ! effect int5d$ to be   
produc$ suff]s irretrievably 9          
consequ5ce4  ,i w\ld comm5d a /udy ( ?is
 sy/em to ! aspir+ s+]1 ) e confid5ce t1
 if he foll[s out ! said me?ods1 he w be
 assur$ly pursu+ a policy ?an :i* !re c 
be few bett]4  ,x may n n[ be out (     
place if ,i say a few words on ! act (  
production ( ! voice4  ,_m beg9n]s ?us  
make ! mi/ake ( imag9+ t to give ! voice
 a prop] *ance ( exp&+ to ! full x is   
necess>y t ! m\? %\ld be op5$ wide 9 !  
act ( s++4  ,?is1 h[ev]1 is q an        
errone\s idea1 =1 z a matt] ( actual1   
h>d fact1 ! m\? %\ld n be too op5 :5 !  
act ( s++ is tak+ place1 ?\gh ,i w\ld   
po9t out t :5 x is op5+ ! jaws %\ld be  
all[$ to fall 9 a natural mann]--9 o!r  
words1 by _! own weight--:ile1 if ! lips
 are1 at ! same "t1 press$ g5tly aga9/ !
 tee?1 ! m\? naturally assumes a        
pleasant =m4  ,!re is no?+ m appall+ ?an
 to wat* a s+] indulg+ 9 exagg]at$      

facial contortions :i* may p]haps       
impress a musical tyro z impos+1 b :i*1 
nev]!less1 are actually m (t5 ?an n no?+
 b a species ( absurd affectation4  ,!  
managem5t ( ! brea?1 ( c\rse1 is to a   
great ext5t a di/9ct & sep>ate /udy 9   
s++1 ?\gh ,i may p]haps be all[$ to say 
t absolute control ( ! brea? is a s9e   
qua non to p]fect enunciation4  ,x w be 
well1 !re=e1 = e really ambiti\s s+] to 
see to x t 8 or h] ma/] possesses a     
?or\ghly s\nd k ( manag+ ! brea?2       
o!rwise1 all too e>ly 9 _! c>e]s1 !y may
 acquire habits :i* !y w f9d extremely  
difficult to break1 = exp]i5ce has      
taught me t1 z f> z s++ is conc]n$1 bad 
habits are possess$ ( unpleasantly      
t5aci\s qualities4  ,z f> z ! position (
 ! body 9 s++ is conc]n$1 ! old-"t rule 
t ! %\ld]s %\ld be ?r[n back firmly &   
naturally is z 9 ord] to-day z x 0 ?irty
 ye>s ago1 :ile t ! *e/ %\ld be /eadily 
& n hurri$ly exp&$ is also an equally   
s\nd policy to pursue4 ,manual ,g>cia   
recomm5d$ ! foll[+ ex]cises z ( great   

value 9 increas+ ! p[] & ela/icity ( !  
lungs4  ,i make no apology = quot+ ^!1 z
 !y _c fail to prove wor? dilig5t /udy1 
?\gh1 especially at fir/1 !y w be f\nd  
di/9ctly exhau/+1 = :i* reason "y s+]s  
%\ld make a po9t ( practis+ ea* ex]cise 
sep>ately4  ,g5tly & sl[ly inhale = a   
few seconds z mu* air z ! *e/ w conta94 
,aft] tak+ a deep brea?1 exhale aga9 v  
g5tly & sl[ly4  ,fill ! lungs1 & keep !m
 inflat$ = ! longe/ possible "t4        
,exhale completely1 & leave ! *e/ empty 
z long z physical p[]s w conv5i5tly     
all[4  ,9 a %ort article x is obvi\sly  
impossible = me to g z deeply into ! art
 ( voice production z ,i %\ld l1 ?\gh   
!re is "o aspect ( s++ on :i* ,i w\ld   
lay great /ress--& t is ! value ( col\r 
9 s++4  ,9 a /udy ( all ! great compos]s
 & _! works1 to ! true /ud5t ( music1 x 
mu/ be pat5t at once t _! me?ods (      
col\r+ v>y z greatly z d ! *efs-d'oeuvre
 ( ma/]s ( ! bru%4  ,& yet1 someh[ or   
o!r1 ,i d n ?9k t ,i am w&]+ away f !   
/raight road ( ,tru? :5 ,i say t1 z a   

g5]al rule1 ! m$iocre s+] b seldom      
realises t !re is su* a ?+ z col\r 9    
s++4  ,:at is ! result8  ,x is ! natural
 result ( cause & effect4 ,!            
int]pretation ( ! ord9>y s+] resembles  
to no small ext5t ! "w ( an arti/ :o    
sket*es out an outl9e draw+ :i*1 9      
detail1 no d\bt is accurate & ?or\ghly  
praisewor?y 9 e way2 b :5 comp>$ to a   
pa9t+ ) its appeal+ ri*ness ( tone &    
col\r x seems a puny ?+ inde$4  ,yes1 x 
is col\r t ! av]age s+] utt]ly lacks4   
,b let me ha/5 to say at once t = ?is s9
 ( omission he or %e1 z ! case may be1  
m]its no real discr$it1 = ! simple      
reason t ^? :o h only limit$ "t to      
devote to ! /udy ( s++ naturally f9d t  
_! tra9+ does n1 z a rule1 rea* ! po9t  
:5 !y are suffici5tly able expon5ts to  
be able to pa9t pictures ) _! voices1   
mu* 9 ! same way z does ! arti/ pa9t 8  
pictures on canvas4 ,& 9 no small       
measure ?is s9 ( omission is z mu* due  
to ! me?ods ( in/ruction ( ! tea*] z x  
is to ! pupil's lack ( advancem5t4      

,yes1 !re c be no d\bt t x is ?r\gh lack
 ( /udy ( ^! f9] details 9 ! art ( s++  
:i* causes _m vocali/s nev] to rise     
above ! m$iocre4  ,te*nically1 !y may be
 ?or\ghly capable expon5ts1 b unless !y 
realise ! incalculable value ( tone &   
col\r 9 music1 !y fail to extract f x   
its real poetical wor?4 ,?us1 :5 li/5+  
to ,s*umann--to rev]t to pian(orte play+
 = a mom5t--!y fail to w&] h& 9 h& ) !  
compos] into "s glori\s g>d5 full (     
gaily-col\r$ fl[]s1 ?r\gh trim pa?s l9$ 
by tall1 /ately trees4 ,!y fail to see 9
 ,s*umann's music gaily-plumag$ birds   
flitt+ "h & !re b5ea? a blue sky ) ! w>m
 rays ( ! sun ton+ ev]y?+ into summ] z  
if by fairy h&4  ,x 0 an ard5t /ud5t (  
pian(orte play+ :o once ?us describ$ to 
me a composition ( ,s*umann's z play$ by
 a real ma/]4  ,& ) s++ x is mu* ! same4
  ,= "s curi\s reason y\r mod]ate s+] w 
p]si/ 9 *]i%+ an utt]ly errone\s notion 
t e song %\ld be treat$ 9 "o way--9 o!r 
words1 t :5 fram+ 8 composition1 !      
compos] m5tally decre$ t1 to be r5d]$ z 

he int5d$ x %\ld be1 e s+] mu/ s9k 8    
individuality & r5d] x 9 "o way--& "o   
way only4  ,0 ev] notion m unreasonable8
  ,surely x is ! mo/ gl>+ error possible
 to imag9e t because a melody is simple1
 because x c be r5d]$ by ! av]age s+]   
aft] b comp>atively little practice1 x  
mu/ be impossible to imbue x ) beautiful
 effects2 = no matt] h[ te*nically      
simple a composition may be1 provid$ a  
s+] possesses real s\l & a s5se ( poetry
 he or %e c br+ out an exquisite beauty 
& col\r f ! music :i* a m]e me*anical   
vocali/ :o m]ely reg>ds a simple piece z
 an easy piece to s+ inv>iably fails to 
recognise4  ,x is ! ?\ghtless &         
me*anical practice ( a really musical   
subject :i* und]m9es ! musical s5se1 = !
 practice ( purely me*anical matt] %\ld 
nev] be dry s long z ! s+] ?or\ghly     
grasps ! real objects to be atta9$ f t  
practice4  ,9 o!r words1 e ex]cise1 e   
piece ( music t is sung1 ought to be    
r5d]$ ) a cle>ly-def9$ object4  ,x seems
 to me t "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful reasons :y ! 

results ( ye>s ( /udy are s (t5         
unsatisfactory lies 9 ! fact t _m s+]s  
are f> too e>ly occupi$ ) ! /udy (      
compositions ( e sort1 add+ cont9ually  
to _! /ock )\t devot+ suffici5t "t to ! 
introspective /udy ( ea* & e piece4     
,:at is ! inevitable outcome ( ?is ha/y 
& :olesale me?od ( le>n+ to s+8         
,int]pretations :i*1 z ,i h said1 are l 
outl9e draw+1 accurate en\gh 9 detail b 
comp>atively lack+ 9 real s\l & want+   
altoge!r 9 tone & col\r4  ,i admit at   
once1 z among arti/s we all h our       
fav\rites1 s among song-writ]s ! works (
 "s appeal to u m ?an d o!rs1 9 t we    
respond to "o or o!r ( !m m readily ?an 
to ! re/4  ,b1 at ! same "t1 ,i w\ld lay
 special emphasis on ! fact t e song1   
h[ev] simple1 %\ld be dealt ) by ! s+] l
 a sep>ate picture 9 :i* specially      
beautiful effects may be produc$1       
accord+ to ! quality & v>iety ( tone &  
col\r4  ,& n until s+]s realise t !     
composition is b ! raw mat]ial wait+ to 
be imbu$ ) expression at _! h&s1 wait+1 

9 f9e1 to be giv5 life1 p]sonality1 &   
real be+1 c !y ?or\ghly grasp ! inn]mo/ 
mean+ ( music :i*1 r5d]$ by ! true      
arti/1 expresses m cle>ly ?an any words 
ev] writt51 ! true emotions ( ! s\l4