,,sanitary ,,statistics ,,of ,,native ,,colonial ,,schools ,,and ,,hospitals4 ,,by ,,florence ,,nightingale4 ,,london4 ,m4,d4,,ccc4,,lxiii4 #c ,,sanitary ,,statistics ,,of ,,native ,,colonial ,,schools ,,and ,,hospitals4 ,if it is said on reading this paper1 ,there is nothing in it1 ,i answer1 ,that is why ,i wrote it1 because there is nothing in it1 in order that something might come out of nothing4 ,it is to show that statistics1 capable of affording complete practical results when wanted1 have scarcely made a beginning in the colonies4 ,it is to show that when the ,colonial ,office1 with great labour and no little cost1 has collected1 and ,i1 with the same1 have reduced these materials1 they are incapable of giving all the beneficial information expected4 ,the material does not exist1 or1 if it does1 it is in a very undeveloped state4 ,such as it is1 ,i have tried to do the best ,i could with it4 ,and this is the result4 ,several years ago1 before ,sir ,george ,grey returned to his government at the ,cape1 ,i had a conversation with him on a subject which had dwelt very much on his mind1 viz41 the gradual disappearance of the aboriginal races from the neighbourhood of civilized communities4 ,one of the points raised in the discussion was the probable effect which ,european school usages and school education might exercise on the health of the children of parents and of races who had never hitherto been brought under education4 ,colonial school returns4 ,it appeared of great importance to ascertain1 if possible1 the precise influence which school training exercised on the health of native children4 ,and ,i applied to the ,colonial ,office for aid in carrying out such an inquiry4 ,the ,duke of ,newcastle entered warmly into the subject1 and offered at once to call for any information which might throw light on it4 ,i had a simple school form prepared and printed1 copies of which were sent by the ,colonial ,office to the ,governors of the various colonies4 ,returns were made from a large number of schools1 but as no information has been received from many more1 ,i presume the school statistics did not afford the means of supplying the required information4 #d ,i have received1 through the ,colonial ,office1 filled up returns from #adc schools1 in ,ceylon1 ,australia1 ,natal1 ,west ,coast of ,africa1 ,british ,north ,america1 the results of which are given in the accompanying series of tables4 ,sidenote3 pp4 #bj to #bf4 ,table ,a4 gives the name and date of opening of each school1 the numbers of years included in the ,return1 the average number of native children1 their sexes and ages for quinquennial periods1 together with the mortality for the period included in the return4 ,the results of this table for all the colonial schools are given in the reduction ,table ,a4 a41 which states the total average attendance for all the schools in each colony1 together with the total deaths1 arranged in quinquennial periods1 so far as it could be done4 ,this table merely gives the general numerical results2 but as the periods vary considerably it has been necessary to reduce the data under one common denomination1 to obtain the absolute annual rate of mortality4 ,this has been done in the ,tables ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 which show the years of life and the mortality for each sex and age4 ,sidenote3 p4 #bf4 ,table ,a4 a4 shows that the average attendance of all ages at these schools has been #g1dhe boys1 and #b1dec girls1 making a total of #i1ich as the number of children on whom the rate of mortality has been obtained4 ,a small proportion of these children1 only #fgb boys and #dbb girls1 were under #e years of age4 ,there were #c1edf 7#b1fea boys and #hie girls7 between the ages of #e and #aj4 ,between the ages of #aj and #ae there were #c1bfh children1 viz41 #b1bhh boys1 and #ihj girls4 ,at the age of #ae and upwards there were #a1cia boys1 and only #aef girls1 attending school4 ,the total deaths1 for the various periods1 on this school attendance were #dea boys and #acb girls1 of all ages1 besides #gi boys and #ci girls who are returned as leaving school annually to die at home4 ,it is important to remark that1 out of a total average school attendance of #i1ich1 only #bce boys and #hb girls are stated to leave school annually from ill-health4 ,sidenote3 pp4 #bg1 #bh4 ,the relative mortality of boys and girls attending these schools is shown by ,tables ,b4 to ,f4 ,the death rate1 it will be observed1 varies considerably in different colonies4 ,it is least among the native children at ,natal1 where a little more than five males per #a1jjj and three females per #a1jjj die annually4 ,the ,ceylon schools give a death rate of #ad #a_/b per #a1jjj per #e annum for boys and about #c per #a1jjj per annum for girls4 ,but1 including deaths among children who leave school to die at home1 this rate would be nearly doubled4 ,the ,indian schools in ,canada afford a total annual death rate of #ab #a_/b per #a1jjj for both sexes2 but the mortality of girls is nearly double that of boys4 ,the ,sierra ,leone schools afford a very high rate of mortality1 viz41 #bj per #a1jjj for males1 and #ce per #a1jjj for females4 ,the ,western ,australian schools yield the highest death rate of any1 nearly #ce per #a1jjj for boys and #ac per #a1jjj for girls4 ,these death rates are of course only approximations to the truth4 ,but on any supposition they are very high4 ,it is important to compare these death rates with those of children of the same ages at home4 ,but we have only the means of doing so for #e years of age and onwards4 ,the home rates are given in ,table ,e41 which shows that from #e to #aj the total mortality of both sexes is #ib per #a1jjj at home4 ,from #aj to #ae it is #ec per #a1jjj4 ,above #ae the home mortality is #hd per #a1jjj4 ,making allowance for native children dying at home1 we shall be within the truth in assuming the mortality of native children at school as double that of ,english children of the same ages4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,g1 p4 #bi4 ,the next point of the inquiry is to ascertain the nature of the fatal diseases4 ,and here we find a remarkable difference in the returns from different colonies4 ,thus out of #aij deaths in the ,sierra ,leone schools1 all except #h are due to small pox1 measles1 and hooping cough1 scarlet fever1 and other forms of fever4 ,in the ,ceylon schools these same diseases1 with the addition of diarrha1 dysentery1 and cholera1 give rise to #bfa deaths out of a total mortality of #cda4 ,in contrast with this great prevalence of miasmatic diseases1 the ,west ,australian schools yield only #b deaths from children's epidemics1 out of a total mortality of #i4 ,in the ,natal schools three children died of miasmatic diseases out of a total mortality of #af1 while in the ,canadian schools there is only one miasmatic death out of a total mortality of #bg4 ,the adult natives at many of the colonies are considered specially subject to tubercular diseases1 more particularly consumption4 ,this class of diseases is indeed supposed to be a main cause of the gradual decline and disappearance of uncivilized or semi-civilized races4 #f ,the facts1 as regards these colonial schools1 are as follow3 ,amongst the ,sierra ,leone children there is only one death from consumption and one from scrofula reported out of a total of #aij deaths4 ,in the ,west ,australian schools two of the nine deaths arose from consumption4 ,in the ,natal schools there was one death from consumption and one from scrofula out of #af deaths4 ,but there died seven children of other chest diseases besides consumption4 ,the ,ceylon schools yielded seven deaths from consumption1 five from other chest diseases1 and one from scrofula1 out of a total mortality of #cda4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,s1 p4 #dg4 ,these figures1 so far as they go1 show comparatively little liability to consumptive diseases among children in these colonies4 ,but there is a native training institution in ,south ,australia1 in which a very large proportion of the mortality is due to tubercular diseases4 ,scrofula1 phthisis1 and hmoptysis are returned as having occasioned #fif per cent4 of the total mortality in the institution1 among males1 and #fai per cent4 among females4 ,when we cross over to ,canada we find that1 out of a total mortality of #bg1 #af deaths arose from consumption and five from scrofula4 ,indeed all the specified deaths arose from tubercular disease except one solitary death from fever4 ,i will next describe shortly the method of the school education1 with its probable influence on the children's health4 ,sidenote3 pp4 #cj to #ci4 ,the facts under this head are given in the form of notes to each school return4 ,i have had them thrown together1 for the sake of comparison1 in ,table ,h41 the general results of which are as follow4 ,many of the school houses are described in the returns as of bad construction1 and ill situated for health1 and the ventilation very insufficient4 ,some of them are unfavourably situated for free external ventilation1 or their local position is damp and subject to malaria1 the results of which1 as well as the results of general defective sanitary condition in their vicinity are evidenced by the great prevalence of miasmatic diseases1 such as fevers1 diarrha1 dysentery1 and even cholera1 among the children4 ,the period of tuition varies considerably1 from two up to ten or more years4 ,the school instruction is generally five2 in a few cases1 six days a week4 ,at a few stations #g nearly half the year is allowed for holidays4 ,but generally the holidays are from two to six or eight weeks4 ,in most of the schools there seem to be no play hours on school days4 ,when play hours are allowed these are from half an hour to two hours4 ,at about a dozen schools only is there any out-door work combined with instruction4 ,the largest amount of this work is given in the ,natal and ,canadian schools4 ,out of the whole number there are only nine schools at which there is any attempt made at combining the elements of physical education with the school instruction1 and even where this is done the measure is partial and inefficient1 being confined to a few exercises or simply to bathing4 ,the obvious physiological necessity of engrafting civilized habits on uncivilized races gradually through the means of systematic physical training appears to be nowhere recognized1 except at ,new ,norcia 7,benedictine7 school1 ,western ,australia1 on the return from which there is the following very important statement3,gymnastics are stated to be necessary to prevent sickness1 and the reporter proceeds1 8,the idea of bringing savages from their wild state at once to an advanced civilization serves no other purpose than that of murdering them40 ,and the result of the out-door training practised at this school is said to have been hitherto successful 8in preventing the destructive effects of this error40 ,sidenote3 ,appendix ,,ii4 p4 #fb4 ,confinement appears to be peculiarly injurious to the aborigines of ,south ,australia1 for the ,governor states that he 8almost always finds it necessary to release prisoners before the expiration of their sentences1 as death is apt to ensue from any prolonged confinement40 ,even partial confinement in schools1 he thinks1 injuriously affects the native constitution4 ,another very important observation bearing on the necessity of careful consideration of habits is recorded on the return from one of the ,natal schools4 ,it might be supposed that one of the most obvious duties in bringing native children to school would be to clothe them1 but nevertheless clothing an uncivilized child requires care4 ,in their natural state they expose themselves to torrents of rain which1 runs off them1 and they are easily warmed #h and dried at the hut fire4 ,but it is stated that1 when clothed in flannel and jersey1 they get chilled by the rain1 and that pulmonary diseases ensue as a consequence4 ,people have been asked to assist in making clothing for the ,kaffir tribes whom missionaries were going out to address1 that the feeling of decency might not be offended in addressing the naked4 ,the method of conducting colonial schools appears to be based on our home system1 without reference to physical training or other local conditions affecting health4 ,this fact1 together with the high rate of mortality1 is the most prominent result of our inquiry4 ,and although there is not sufficient evidence to show to what extent the school education increases the mortality1 there is strong reason to believe that it is a cause4 ,by far the greater part of the mortality is the direct result of mitigable or preventible diseases4 ,in all the schools within or near the tropics the miasmatic class of diseases occasions most of the mortality at the earlier periods of life4 ,a considerable proportion arises from small-pox1 showing bad management of children1 and that vaccination is either neglected or imperfectly performed4 ,the other fatal diseases are mainly those which in this country are connected with bad drainage1 deficient and bad water supply1 overcrowding1 and want of sufficient house accommodation and cleanliness4 ,in the ,canadian schools consumption and scrofula appear to occupy the place of miasmatic diseases4 ,but there is nothing in the school education1 as described in the returns1 sufficient to account for their special prevalence in these schools4 ,the causes must probably be looked for in the close foul atmosphere of the native dwellings in a climate where warmth is more likely to be sought by closing every opening capable of admitting fresh air than would be the case in warmer latitudes1 together with exposure and other conditions depressing to the general health4 ,although these returns show the necessity of making systematic physical training and bodily labour at useful occupations an element absolutely essential and never to be neglected in the training of uncivilized and half civilized children in civilized habits and trains of thought1 there is nothing to show that education properly conducted tends to the destruction and disappearance of native tribes4 ,the general result may be summed up in the following words3 8,educate by all means1 but look carefully at the problem with which you have to deal1 and above all things never forget that education everywhere1 but more #i especially with uncivilized tribes1 must always include physical training and useful work40 99 99 99 99 99 ,colonial hospital returns4 ,besides this statistical inquiry into the condition of schools1 ,i had forms prepared for colonial hospitals into which natives are received for treatment1 in order to compare the school diseases with those prevailing among the adult population4 ,they were sent to the colonies1 also by the great kindness of the ,duke of ,newcastle4 ,and returns have been received from the following hospitals3,free ,town1 ,sierra ,leone1 ,cape ,coast1 ,natal1 ,mauritius1 ,colombo and ,malabar1 ,king ,william's ,town1 ,kaffraria1 and from two native hospitals in ,canada4 ,sidenote3 pp4 #dj to #ec4 ,these returns were applied for as affording the only means of arriving at a knowledge of the prevailing classes of diseases among natives and of the relative mortality from each class4 ,abstracts of the returns1 showing the mortality on the admissions for different sexes and ages1 and the relative per-centages of mortality from each disease1 are appended4 7,forms ,i4 to ,y47 ,of course the results can be relied on only so far as they represent the proportions admitted and dead from each disease1 taken on numbers often hardly sufficiently large for statistical purposes4 ,on account of the smallness of these numbers1 ,i consider the results as only approximations1 which ,i give because there is nothing better to be had4 ,the tables do not enable us to ascertain directly the state of health or rate of mortality of the native population2 but they afford us in an indirect manner a considerable amount of important information as to the diseases from which natives suffer4 ,the hospital statistics appear to be very much in the same unsatisfactory condition as they are in many of our home hospitals4 ,with these reservations the mortality statistics of these hospitals show a very high death rate upon the numbers treated4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,l1 p4 #da4 ,thus1 in ,free ,town ,hospital1 the mortality to admissions among males is upwards of #bj per cent41 and among females #ahf per cent4 of the admissions4 ,the admissions are obtained by adding the deaths to the recoveries1 in the absence of more definite information4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,t1 p4 #dh4 ,at the ,civil ,hospital1 ,port ,louis1 ,mauritius1 the mortality is #bac per cent4 for males1 and #chh per cent4 for females4 #aj ,sidenote3 ,table ,v1 p4 #ej4 ,in the ,ceylon hospitals it is #bjg per cent4 for males1 and #aha per cent4 for females4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,p1 p4 #dd4 ,at ,natal the mortality is much lower1 being #abh per cent4 for males and #ff per cent4 for females4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,n1 p4 #dc4 ,in ,kaffraria the mortality for males and females is #bah per cent4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,x1 p4 #eb4 ,in the ,canadian hospitals it is #abc per cent4 for males and #ad per cent4 for females4 ,these high death rates can be attributed only to one or more of the following causes3,defective stamina in the population1 delay in applying for medical relief1 bad and insufficient hospital accommodation1 or defective medical treatment and management of the sick4 ,the exact influence of each of these elements could hardly be appreciated without local inquiry4 ,but the tables enable us to obtain some insight into the matter4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,m1 p4 #db4 ,we find1 e4 g41 that in the tropical districts the miasmatic class of diseases occasions a large proportion of the mortality1 e4 g41 at ,sierra ,leone #bjd per cent4 of the total mortality among males and #fh per cent4 of that among females is due to small-pox2 that #cd per cent4 of the mortality among females is due to dysentery2 and that #ai per cent4 of the mortality among males is due to periodic fevers4 ,the mortality from miasmatic disease in this hospital is no less than #dci per cent4 of the total mortality among men1 and #dca per cent4 of the total mortality among women4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,k1 p4 #dj4 ,at ,cape ,coast ,hospital the admissions from miasmatic diseases1 at least those recorded1 amounted only to #i #a_/b per cent4 of the total admissions1 and no deaths are attributed to this class of diseases4 ,this is quite sufficient to show the imperfection of the hospital records at this station4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,u1 p4 #di4 ,at ,port ,louis ,hospital1 ,mauritius1 the miasmatic deaths from dysentery1 diarrha1 cholera1 continued fevers1 and rheumatism amounted to #edi per cent4 of the total mortality for men1 and #dgi per cent4 of the total female mortality4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,w1 p4 #ea4 ,dysentery appears to be particularly severe and fatal amongst the natives in ,ceylon1 for the returns show that #dcf per cent4 of the men's mortality and #cja per cent4 of the women's were due to this one disease4 ,the miasmatic class generally gave rise in these hospitals to #fdc per cent4 of the total deaths of men1 and #fja per cent4 of those of women4 #aa ,sidenote3 ,table ,q1 p4 #de4 ,in ,d',urban ,hospital and ,grey's ,hospital1 ,natal1 #daa per cent4 of the men's mortality arose from continued fever1 and #f per cent4 from dysentery4 ,this latter disease occasioned all the deaths in hospital among women4 ,these two diseases are the only ones of the miasmatic class which proved fatal4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,o1 p4 #dc4 ,miasmatic diseases appear to be rare among the native patients at ,king ,william's ,town1 ,kaffraria4 ,only one of them1 dysentery1 produced a fatal result1 and it gave rise to no more than #f per cent4 of the total deaths of men and women conjointly4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,y1 p4 #ec4 ,the same diseases appear to be rare also in the ,canadian hospitals1 where they occasioned #abc per cent4 of the men's mortality and #agc per cent4 of the women's4 ,the prevailing types were diarrha1 periodic fevers1 and rheumatism4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,m4 ,if we take the other points of comparison1 supplied by tubercular diseases1 we find a remarkable difference in the proportion of mortality in different colonies4 ,thus1 the death rate from scrofula1 phthisis1 and hmoptysis1 at ,free ,town1 ,sierra ,leone1 amounts to #cb per cent4 of the total deaths from all causes among men1 and #bc per cent4 among women4 ,in this hospital other chest diseases give rise to a mortality of #bd per cent4 for men4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,k4 ,at ,cape ,coast ,hospital no deaths are registered from any class of tubercular or chest affections4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,q4 ,at ,d',urban ,hospital and ,grey's ,hospital1 ,natal1 there was a similar absence of mortality from these diseases4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,w1 p4 #ea4 ,the ,ceylon hospitals afforded also only a small mortality1 #jg per cent4 for men1 and #aa per cent4 for women4 ,there was1 however1 a mortality of #ac per cent4 for other chest diseases1 among men1 and #ag per cent4 among women4 ,in striking contrast with this comparative exemption from a class of diseases to which the disappearance of the native races has been to a large extent attributed1 we find a very considerable increase in the other hospitals4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,u4 ,at ,mauritius the mortality from scrofula1 phthisis1 and hmoptysis1 was #hg per cent4 of the total mortality among men1 and #cg per cent4 among women4 ,other chest diseases furnish a mortality of #cf and #ah per cent4 among men and women respectively4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,o4 ,at ,king ,william's ,town ,hospital1 ,kaffraria1 the mortality from tubercular diseases1 for men and women #ab conjointly1 was no less than #gjf per cent4 of the total deaths1 and from chest diseases #aag per cent4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,y4 ,both classes of disease afford a high death rate in the ,canadian hospitals4 ,for the tubercular forms this amounts to #ddi per cent4 for men1 and #dac per cent4 for women4 ,the other chest diseases give rise to #cjf per cent4 of the total hospital mortality for men1 and #bdd per cent4 for women4 ,three-fourths of the whole hospital mortality among men1 and two-thirds among women1 were thus due to some form or other of chest disease4 ,much has been said and written on the pernicious effects of the use of intoxicating liquors by uncivilized races4 ,diseases of the brain and nervous system1 and liver diseases1 are those which1 at home1 are generally supposed to indicate the greater or less prevalence of habits of intoxication among the people4 ,let us inquire to what extent admissions and deaths from these classes prevail in the various colonies4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,m4 ,at ,sierra ,leone brain and nervous diseases occasion #eg per cent4 of the total admissions1 and #abg per cent4 of the total deaths among men1 and #ib per cent4 of the admissions1 with #baf per cent4 of the deaths1 among women4 ,liver diseases afford only #ja per cent4 of the admissions1 and no deaths4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,k4 ,cape ,coast ,hospital affords an extraordinary contrast to this1 for there we find that1 although brain and nervous diseases and liver diseases occasion no more than #dh per cent41 and #bd per cent41 respectively1 of the admissions1 all the deaths arose from them4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,q4 ,the ,natal hospitals show a proportion of admissions from brain and nervous diseases1 of #eg per cent4 of men1 and #hc per cent4 of women4 ,but no deaths and no admissions from liver disease4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,o4 ,the ,king ,william's ,town ,hospitals1 ,kaffraria1 show no admissions from either class4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,u4 ,at ,mauritius the admissions from brain and nervous diseases were #ce per cent4 for men1 and #bg per cent4 for women1 and the deaths #fa per cent4 for men1 and #ai per cent4 for women4 ,liver disease is so rare as to be scarcely appreciable4 ,sidenote3 ,table ,w4 ,a similar remark applies to the infrequency of liver disease in the ,ceylon hospitals4 ,in these hospitals1 the admissions from brain and nervous diseases are #af per cent4 for men1 and #cb per cent4 for women4 ,and the deaths #ae per cent4 and #ca per cent4 respectively4 #ac ,sidenote3 ,table ,y4 ,no liver diseases were admitted into the ,canadian hospitals4 ,and the brain and nervous diseases afforded #fe per cent4 admissions1 and #b per cent4 deaths for men1 with #eb per cent4 admissions and no deaths for women4 99 99 99 99 99 ,results4 ,these are the statistical results of this inquiry4 ,to the extent to which the data are imperfect1 the results are of course unreliable4 ,the numbers are often much smaller than are required for such purposes4 ,i have used them because the best obtainable1 even with the assistance of the colonial governments2 and the first lesson they teach is the necessity for assimilating the colonial registration and vital statistics to those at home4 ,but1 with all their defects1 when these statistics are examined1 they bring clearly into light certain great general facts4 ,as regards the schools1 they show us that the educational idea in the colonies is just as deficient as it is at home1 and that it is attended with worse physical consequences4 ,no account appears to be taken of the past history of the races on whom it is desired to confer the inestimable blessings of ,christian civilization4 ,our teachers go among them just as they would into ,english villages4 ,they collect the children who1 together with their ancestors1 have spent most of their existence in active out-door habits1 into all classes of structures1 good1 bad1 and indifferent1 apparently without regard to the effect of local conditions on their health4 ,in all probability the children are set together as close as they are placed in one of our ,home 8,model ,schools10 without any reference to children's epidemics or other fevers4 ,this is not done without great risk1 even with children of ,english birth4 ,but to do this with children taken from their open air habits in uncivilized or semi-civilized communities is to incur the immediate danger of losing the most hopeful pupils by diseases1 which1 under a more rational system1 might in all probability be avoided4 ,the education appears to be confined simply to head-work1 and no provision is made for sustaining the health by physical training1 while it is in danger of exhaustion by a cerebral stimulus1 perhaps applied for the first time in the history of the family from which the child has sprung4 ,it is true that cerebral disease forms only a small part of the school mortality2 but the diseases from which the mortality proceeds in the tropical schools are #ad the result of overcrowding1 defective ventilation1 and other local sanitary evils1 all of which are augmented by sedentary occupation4 ,the remedy for this is obviously to improve the school-houses1 to give more attention to space1 to ventilation1 and to the locality where the school is placed1 and above all to make physical training an essential and important part of the school system1 never forgetting that the habits of generations cannot be suddenly broken through without danger to health and life4 ,in as far as concerns the effect of the schools on the disappearance of native races1 the returns contain no appreciable evidence4 ,education1 if properly conducted1 together with the improved personal1 physical1 and moral habits consequent on it1 ought everywhere to be conservative and not destructive2 but to be so it should be conducted1 as already stated1 with a full knowledge of the physiological effects of altered habits and the influence of these on health4 ,the hospital returns1 so far as they can be relied on1 show in the tropical colonies a large mortality from diseases arising from bad drainage1 bad water1 imperfect agriculture1 want of cleanliness1 and from other bad habits4 ,bad1 overcrowded1 unventilated dwellings must also in these colonies1 as at home1 bear their proportion of the blame4 ,thus mortality arising from mitigable or preventible causes of an external nature occasions in all the colonies by far the greatest part of the death rate in hospitals4 ,incivilization with its inherent diseases1 when brought into contact with civilization without adopting specific precautions for preserving health1 will always carry with it a large increase of mortality on account of the greater susceptibility of its subjects to those causes of disease which can to a certain extent be endured without as great a risk by civilized communities born among them4 ,the hospital returns throw little light on the causes of the disappearance of native races1 unless these are to be found in the great prevalence of tubercular and chest diseases in certain of the colonies4 ,this is especially remarkable in the returns from ,australia1 ,kaffraria1 and ,canada4 ,but why this class of affections should be so much more prevalent in the temperate than in the tropical colonies could only be ascertained by careful local inquiry4 ,one thing is certain that1 in those colonies from which complaints of the disappearance of native races have come1 #ae tubercular and chest diseases appear to occasion the largest amount of hospital mortality4 ,the discovery of the causes of this must be referred back to the colonies4 ,anything which exhausts the constitution2 above all things1 foul air during sleep1 will engender these diseases4 ,open locality1 healthy winds1 active daily occupation1 are by themselves no safeguards1 if the nights be spent in unventilated cabins4 ,the ,alpine climates of ,europe are known to be the most free of any climates from this tribe of diseases4 ,but even on their healthy mountain slopes scrofula in all its forms prevails among the peasants1 engaged during summer on the high pastures1 when they pass their nights in the close unhealthy chalets there4 ,it is possible that a tubercular taint so engendered may be the cause of the whole evil1 and it is to this point that the inquiry has brought us4 99 99 99 99 99 ,appended to the school and hospital returns from each colony1 there are very interesting notes1 giving generally the impression of the reporters on the nature and causes of disease among the aboriginal population4 ,these notes1 the chief portions of which ,i have appended1 confirm the statistical evidence2 but they afford little additional light on the causation4 ,the decaying races are chiefly in ,australia1 ,new ,zealand1 ,canada1 and perhaps in certain parts of ,south ,africa4 ,they appear to consist chiefly of tribes which have never been civilized enough or had force of character enough to form fixed settlements or to build towns4 ,such tribes have few fixed habits or none4 ,but the papers show that they are naturally1 in their uncivilized condition1 possessed of far stronger stamina1 and that they resist the effects of frightful wounds and injuries far better than civilized men4 ,this latter fact tells strongly against any natural proclivity to diseased action4 ,but we nevertheless see that when they come in contact with civilized men1 and are1 as a necessary consequence1 obliged to conform themselves to a certain extent to the vices and customs of their civilized 767 neighbours1 they perish from disease4 ,sidenote3 ,appendix ,,ii41 pp4 #fb-c4 ,the evidence contained in these notes unfortunately proves that the pioneers of ,british civilization are not always the best of the ,british people4 ,many of them1 it is to be feared1 leave their own country1 stained with vice and vicious habits1 ready for any act of oppression1 ready #af to take any advantage of the simplicity of the poor aborigines4 ,such people have introduced everywhere the use of intoxicating drinks1 together with the diseases as well as the vices of their own depraved standard of civilization4 ,where the races are found most rapidly decaying1 there the married women are found living in a state of prostitution and exposed to its diseases4 ,and we know where such is the case1 decline and extinction are inevitable4 ,this appears to be a main cause of the falling off in births2 while the other evil habits introduced by ,europeans destroy the stamina of the adult population and raise its rate of mortality4 ,with the facts before us1 imperfect as they are1 we need feel no surprise at the gradual extinction of these unhappy races4 ,but we should draw from them an argument for doing all that can be done to lessen these evils1 and to remove1 as far as practicable1 any causes of disease and death which it may be in our power to remove4 ,complaint of such things1 in some form or other1 runs through the whole of the evidence regarding these aboriginal populations1 who appear to be far more susceptible of the operation of causes of disease arising out of imperfect civilization1 than are civilized men2 how much more so must they be to such dreadful causes as those indicated above6 ,meaning by 8civilized10 men who can live together in a city or village without cutting each other's throats4 ,there is a strong presumption that1 if aboriginal races are left undisturbed in their own country to follow their own customs and even their own vices1 they will continue to exist as they have hitherto done1 in a slowly increasing or stationary condition4 ,but there is no reason to doubt the evidence contained in these papers that certain races require very little disturbance in their primeval habits to pass into a state of decline4 ,the great question at issue is1 how this is to be arrested4 ,the facts appear to point to such remedial measures as the following3 #a4 ,that provision of land should be made for the exclusive use of the existing tribes2 but this1 by itself1 would be simply preserving their barbarism for the sake of preserving their lives4 ,and the question naturally occurs whether ,moravian settlements or settlements conducted on entirely similar principles1 under whatever ,christian #ag denomination1 might not be introduced for the purpose of wisely and gradually winning the people to higher and better habits4 #b4 ,a good government which really understood its responsibilities would put down with any force requisite that most accursed of all ,british habits1 the sale of intoxicating drinks to those who never knew them before4 ,on the heads of these traffickers rests the blood of thousands of their fellow men4 #c4 ,although a large proportion of children have died while under school instruction1 there is no proof that education1 if properly conducted1 tends to extinguish races4 ,and it is possible that by educating outcast native children1 these tribes1 with whatever mental constitution endowed1 may be spared to contribute their quota to human knowledge and advancement4 #d4 ,the school diseases1 however1 indicate that education should be conducted in a very different manner from what it is in ,england4 ,physiology would teach us that it is not safe to take the child of uncivilized parents1 and to submit it all at once to the restraints of civilization4 ,what is wanted is a careful study of what can and what cannot be done with safety4 ,time would seem to be a great element in the education of these children4 ,there should be as little interference as possible with their born habits and customs4 ,and that interference should take place gradually and wisely4 ,the probability is that if children could leave school in health1 with sufficient training to enable them to enter the pale of civilization1 their children would be the more able to bear the required development of the mental faculties4 ,in any case1 physical training1 and a large amount of out-door work1 are essentially necessary to success4 #e4 ,we all know how difficult it is to preserve health among dense populations in our houses at home4 ,we may hence infer how much more difficult it is to draw together numbers of uncivilized or partially civilized people1 within the same boundary1 or under the same roof1 without great risk to health and life4 ,bring a healthy family from the open country into a narrow crowded ,london alley1 and the little ones will die1 the elder ones will be sick for1 perhaps1 the first time of their lives1 and the parents will fall into confirmed ill health1 to say the least of it4 ,our home experience hence teaches us the extreme importance of favourable sanitary conditions1 whenever an #ah attempt is made to bring the uncivilized within the pale of civilization4 ,every society which has been formed has had to sacrifice large proportions of its earlier generations to the new conditions of life arising out of the mere fact of change4 ,only by the greatest care and by the adoption of every requisite improvement can ,london itself bear the rapid increase of its population without danger from pestilence4 ,this destroying principle is now at work in the colonies where races are decaying4 ,and its results can only be diminished by assimilating the new conditions1 involved in the change1 as nearly as possible1 so far as healthiness is concerned1 to the open air activity to which the people have been for generations accustomed4 ,these are the results of this inquiry4 ,defective in many particulars though they be1 they are still sufficient to prove that1 on the local authorities of the colonies1 there rests a responsibility in the face of public opinion in ,europe1 of the very gravest kind4 ,it is a matter for state interference4 ,it is impossible to stand by1 while races are disappearing1 of whom it can be said that the 8,australian is the finest model of the human proportions in muscular development10 that his 8head might compare with an antique bust of a philosopher10 that his 8perceptive faculties are peculiarly acute10 that he is an 8apt learner10 and 8possesses the most intense desire to imitate his more civilized brethren in almost every thing20 that the ,australian aborigines are 8possessed of mental power on a par with their brethren of the other races of man2 that they are perhaps superior to the ,negro and some of the more inferior divisions of the great human family20 that they have 8keen perceptive faculties1 with a considerable deficiency in their reflective faculties1 and a certain want of steadiness of purpose in their characters which appears the great obstacle to be overcome in reclaiming them and bringing them within the pale of civilization and ,christianity40 ,these statements are from a report on the subject1 made by a select committee of the ,legislative ,council of ,victoria in #aheh-i4 ,in this report occurs the following passage1 with which ,i conclude on account of its authority1 appealing from its facts to the better feeling of the colonies1 with the hope that the time is not far off when such a stigma as it affixes to the empire may be wiped away4 8,the great and almost unprecedented reduction in the #ai number of the ,aborigines is to be attributed to the general occupation of the country by the white population2 to vices acquired by contact with a civilized race1 more particularly the indulgence in ardent spirits2 and hunger1 in consequence of the scarcity of game since the settlement of the colony2 and1 also in some cases1 to cruelty and ill-treatment4 ,the great cause1 however1 is apparently the inveterate propensity of the race to excessive indulgence in spirits1 which it seems utterly impossible to eradicate4 ,this vice is not only fatal1 but leads to other causes which tend to shorten life4 8,mr4 ,thomas1 the guardian of ,aborigines1 states in evidence1 that one morning he found five drunken blacks lying buried in the mud at the ,merri ,creek1 which being followed by pulmonary attack1 death1 as is invariably the case1 ensued4 ,it may be remarked1 that consumption forms a fruitful cause of mortality amongst them1 in addition to the other causes enumerated4 8,it would appear that they have materially degenerated since the advent of the whites1 as ,mr4 ,thomas has said #8the young die two to one in proportion to the old2 ,i have some old people yet4' ,the rapid settlement necessary upon the country being occupied by flocks and herds was more unfavourable to the ,aborigines than if it had only been gradually taken up for agricultural purposes4 8,your ,committee are of opinion that great injustice has been perpetrated upon the ,aborigines--that1 when the ,government of the colony found it necessary to take from them their hunting grounds and their means of living1 proper provision should have been made for them4 ,had they been a strong race1 like the ,new ,zealanders1 they would have forced the new occupiers of their country to provide for them2 but being weak and ignorant1 even for savages1 they have been treated with almost utter neglect4 8,with the exception of the ,protectorate1 which was an emanation of the ,imperial ,government1 and which seemed to have been only partially successful1 little or nothing has been done for the black denizens of the country40 ,every colony where the native races are declining could furnish some such report as this4 ,the injustice has been a common one1 and so should be the remedy4 #bj ,,appendix ,i4 ,,tables showing the ,,mortality and ,,causes of ,,mortality among ,,aborigines in ,,colonial ,,schools and ,,colonial ,,hospitals4 ,,table ,a4,,attendance and ,,mortality at ,,colonial ,,native ,,schools4 ,sub-table ,a#a1 ,,sierra ,,leone1 ,,western ,,australia1 and ,,natal4 ,part #a4 ,average ,number of ,native ,children1 with ,sexes and ,ages1 attending during these ,years4 ,name of ,colony ,date ,years and ,school4 of included ,under #e to #aj to #ae ,years ,opening4 in the #e #aj #ae and ,all ,ages4 ,return4 ,years4 ,years4 ,years4 upwards4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,,sierra ,,leone4 ,c4 ,m4 ,jubilee #ahde #ahee to #ahfj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajj -- ,kessy #ahdb #ahei to #ahfj #eb #dj #d #d #bd #h -- -- #hj #eb ,campbell ,town #ahdh #ahei to #ahfj #bj #ae #ah #af #aa #ab -- -- #di #dc ,government -- -- -- -- #ca #da #aae #cb #ei -- #bje #gc ,bananas #ahdg #ahei to #ahfj #bf #ah #ad #ab #aa #aj -- -- #ea #dj ,christ ,church #ahdg -- #ij #cj #bh #d #dj #h #h -- #aff #db ,buxton #ahcg #aheh to #ahfj #dh #df #bj #be #ci #dh #aa #f #aah #abe ,gibraltar #ahda #aheh to #ahfj #bi #be #ed #fd #ej #bj #e #f #ach #aae ,jehovah ,shalom #ahei #ahei to #ahfj #ch #cf #df #bf #ca #ah -- -- #aae #hj ,york #aheh #ahei to #ahfj #bh #bb #ad #aj #af #ab -- -- #eh #dd ,zion #ahdj #aheh to #ahfj #ca #bi #bj #ad #bf #ci #ad #ab #ia #id ,tabernacle #ahdi #ahei to #ahfj #bb #bj #bf #bb #bd #ai -- -- #gb #fa ,liberated ,african #ahee #ahee to #ahfj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #chc -- ,total #dah #cbb #cbj #bfj #dba #bcj #aje #bd #a1gdg #hcf ,,western ,,australia4 ,annesfield #aheb #aheb to #ahfj #i #h -- #g -- -- -- -- #i #ae ,new ,norcia #aheg #aheg to #ahfj #c -- #aj -- #ae -- #g -- #ce -- ,sisters of ,mercy #ahdg #ahee to #ahfj -- -- -- -- -- #e -- #b -- #g ,total #ab #h #aj #g #ae #e #g #b #dd #bb #ba ,,natal4 ,day and ,industrial1 #aheh #aheh to #ahfj -- -- #ad #h #f #e #c #b #bc #ae ,edendale ,new ,germany #aheg #aheg to #ahei #b #b #f #f -- -- #ah #ab #bf #bj ,st4 ,michael's #ahef #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #a #d -- #c -- #d #a #aa ,ekukanyeni #ahef #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #ag #e #bj #e #f -- #dc #aj ,ifumi ,station1 ,s4 #ahef #ahef to #ahfj #d #c #h #e -- -- -- -- #ab #h ,spring ,vale #aheh #aheh to #ahfj #c -- #f #e #e -- -- -- #ad #e ,umvoti #ahde #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #ajj #ajf -- -- -- -- #ajj #ajf ,kwangubeni #ahdi #ahee to #ahfj #e #aj #aj #aj #aj #be -- #e #be #ej ,verulara 7,wesleyan7 #ahej #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #ae #ag #h #g -- -- #bc #bd ,indaleni #ahdh #ahei to #ahfj #h #g #h #aj #i #f #b #b #bg #be ,pietermaritzburg #ahdh #ahee to #ahfj #ae #be #ge #abe #cj #eb #bc #cj #adc #bcb ,total #cg #dg #bfj #cja #hh #ajc #eb #ee #dcg #ejf ,includes #dhc children whose ages are not distinguished4 ,sub-table ,a#a1 ,,sierra ,,leone1 ,,western ,,australia1 and ,,natal4 ,part #b4 ,mortality during same ,period4 ,average ,average ,number of ,number of ,children ,children ,name of ,colony leaving who leave ,no4 of and ,school4 ,under #e to #aj to #ae ,years ,school ,school to ,years #e #aj #ae and ,all every ,year die at in ,years4 ,years4 ,years4 upwards4 ,ages4 from ,home ,return4 ill-health4 every year4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,,sierra ,,leone4 ,c4 ,m4 ,jubilee -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #b -- #a -- -- -- #e ,kessy #c #a -- -- #a #a -- -- #d #b #g #g #b #a #a ,campbell ,town #h #i #e #c #b #b -- -- #ae #ad #d #c #a #b #a #c_/d ,government -- -- -- -- #d -- -- -- #d -- -- -- -- -- -- ,bananas #e #e #c #e #a #a -- -- #i #aa #b #a #a #c #a #c_/d ,christ ,church -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #f #c #b #a -- ,buxton #c #f #b #c #b -- -- -- #g #i #g #b #e #f #b ,gibraltar #a -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- #b ,jehovah ,shalom #f #f #b #b -- -- -- -- #h #h #b #c #a #b #a #c_/d ,york #d #f #b #d #b #a -- -- #h #aa #b #b #c #a #a #a_/b ,zion #b -- #a #a -- -- -- -- #c #a #f #c #c #b #b ,tabernacle #i #d #c #b #e #e #b #a #c #a -- -- #c #a #b ,liberated ,african -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #dj -- -- -- -- -- #e ,total #da #cg #ai #bj #ah #aj #b #a #abb #fh #ci #bi #bc #bj -- ,,western ,,australia4 ,annesfield #f #a -- -- -- #a -- -- #f #b -- #f -- -- #h ,new ,norcia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #c #c_/d ,sisters of ,mercy -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #e ,total #f #a -- -- -- #a #a -- #g #b -- #f -- -- -- ,,natal4 ,day and ,industrial1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #b ,edendale ,new ,germany -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #b ,st4 ,michael's -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #d #a_/d ,ekukanyeni -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #d #c_/d ,ifumi ,station1 ,s4 #a #a #b -- -- -- -- -- #c #a -- -- -- -- #d #a_/d ,spring ,vale -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #b ,umvoti -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #d ,kwangubeni -- #a -- -- #a -- -- -- #a #a -- -- -- -- #e ,verulara 7,wesleyan7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a #c_/d ,indaleni #b #a -- #a #a #a -- -- #c #c -- -- -- -- #a #c_/d ,pietermaritzburg -- -- #a #b -- -- -- -- #a #b #e #h #a #b #e ,total #c #c #c #d #b #a -- -- #i #g #f #h #a #b -- ,sub-table ,a#b1 ,,ceylon4 ,part #a4 ,average ,number of ,native ,children1 with ,sexes and ,ages1 attending during these ,years4 ,name of ,colony ,date ,years and ,school4 of included ,under #e to #aj to #ae ,years ,opening4 in the #e #aj #ae and ,all ,ages4 ,return4 ,years4 ,years4 ,years4 upwards4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,,ceylon4 ,colombo academy #ahcf #aheg to #ahfj -- -- #ac -- #eh -- #df -- #ag -- ,galle central school #ahdi #ahee to #ahfj -- -- #e -- #i -- #ad -- #bh -- ,kandy central school #ahdd #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #e -- #ba -- #ag -- #dc -- ,colombo ,pettah ,english #ahce #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #dh -- #acf -- #bd -- #bjh -- school ,grand ,pass ,english #ahci #ahee to #ahei -- -- #a -- #cj -- #de -- #gf -- school ,negombo ,government boys' -- #ahee to #ahei -- -- #aha -- #bcg -- #hf -- #ejd -- school ,english school1 altura #ahcf #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #bd -- #bf -- #bg -- #gg -- ,pantura boys' #ahce #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #bj -- #cb -- #ae -- #fg -- ,english school ,matura ,government #ahdc #ahee to #ahfj -- -- #f -- #aj -- #g -- #bc -- elementary school ,english ,kornegalle #ahei #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #ae -- #cj -- #e -- #ej -- #bb ,government #ahea #aheh to #ahfj -- -- #ba -- #ed -- #g -- #hb -- ,malrandahn mixed school ,copetty mixed school #ahdd #ahef to #ahfj #a -- #ae -- #ch -- #ag -- #ga -- ,kandane -- #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #ab -- #i -- #g -- #bh -- ,mahola mixed school #ahei #ahei to #ahfj #e -- #ab -- #ba -- #af -- #ed -- ,kaigalle mixed school #aheb #aheg to #ahfj #c -- #g -- #h -- #e -- #bc -- ,rutnapoora mixed school -- #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #cc -- #acb -- #aa -- #agf -- ,mixed school1 ,bentotte #ahcg #ahee to #ahfj -- -- #d -- #ba -- #ac -- #ch -- ,government mixed school1 #aheg #aheg to #ahfj -- -- -- -- #ae -- #e -- #bj -- ,balepitimodera4 ,oodoovil fem4 board4 #ahbd #ahbd to #ahfa -- -- -- -- -- #cdg -- -- -- #cdg school ,batticotta high school #ahef #ahef to #ahfa -- -- #e -- #gj -- #ge -- #aej -- ,batticotta training and #ahei #ahei to #ahfa -- -- -- -- -- -- #bj -- #bj -- theological school ,boys' school1 ,matura #ahdc #ahee to #ahfj -- -- #f -- #aa -- #g -- #bd -- ,girls' school1 ,matura #aheg #aheg to #ahfj -- #a -- #bj -- #ac -- #b -- #cf ,boys' school1 ,belligam #ahde #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #c -- #bc -- #d -- #cj -- ,boys' school1 ,dondra #ahea #ahef to #ahfj -- -- -- -- #ah -- -- -- #ah -- ,boys' school1 ,nupa -- #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #ad -- #ah -- -- -- #cb -- ,girls' school1 -- #ahef to #ahfj -- #e -- #g -- #ab -- -- -- #bd ,gabeduwediya ,galle mixed school -- #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #be -- #ce -- #aa -- #ga -- ,callowelle mixed school #ahei #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #ag -- #ag -- #ag -- #ea -- ,belligam mixed school #ahde #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #c -- #bc -- #d -- #cj -- ,mixed school1 -- #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #c -- #h -- -- -- #aa -- ,hambantotte ,boys' mixed school1 #ahdi #ahee to #ahfj #ac -- #bd -- #g -- #c -- #dg -- ,trincomalie ,kandy mixed school #ahdi #ahef to #ahfj #e -- #bh -- #bb -- #ad -- #fi -- ,pitiyagedere #ahef #aheg to #ahfj -- -- #ad -- #d -- -- -- #ah -- ,madewelletenne #ahed #ahee to #ahfj -- -- #c -- #f -- #e -- #ad -- ,mixed school1 ,gampola -- #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #ab -- #bj -- #c -- #ce -- ,nawelepitiye mixed -- #aheh to #ahfj -- -- #ac #b #b -- #a -- #af #b school #bc ,kadugannawa -- #aheh to #ahfj -- -- #d -- #f -- #e -- #ae -- ,harispattoo mixed school #ahei #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #g -- #ac -- #c -- #bc -- ,ambagamuwa mixed school #ahei #ahfj -- -- #g -- #d -- #a -- #ab -- ,medemahanuwera #ahei #ahei to #ahfj -- -- -- -- #ah -- #ab -- #cj -- ,mixed school1 ,odoonuwera #ahei #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #ae -- #dc -- #af -- #gd -- ,newera ,ellia1 mixed -- #aheg to #ahfj #e -- #ai #b #bc #a #i -- #ef #c school ,mixed1 ,badulla #ahcf #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #e -- #bg -- #d -- #cf -- ,matelle mixed school -- #aheh to #ahfj #e -- #ab -- #d -- #dg -- #fh -- ,odetenne1 in ,matelle #ahei #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #h -- #g -- #a -- #af -- ,madampe mixed school #ahed #ahee to #ahei #b -- #g -- #aj -- #aa -- #cj -- ,mixed school1 ,putlam #ahdh #ahef to #ahfj #b #a #aj #c #f #a #b -- #bj #e ,mixed school1 ,calpentyn #ahch #aheg to #ahfj -- -- #e -- #f -- #a -- #ab -- ,mullativoe ,government #ahdg #ahee to #ahei #ai -- #ajg -- #agh -- #ajj -- #djd -- mixed school ,mixed1 ,manaar #ahch #ahee to #ahei -- -- #aj -- #ab -- #d -- #bf -- ,mixed1 ,anuradhapoora #aheh #aheh to #ahfj -- -- #d -- #f -- -- -- #aj -- ,mattacooly #ahdg #aheb to #aheg -- -- #eb -- #bj -- #i -- #ha -- ,wattelle vernacular #ahdg #ahee to #ahfj -- -- #ba -- #aa -- -- -- #cb -- boys' school ,pamanugama vernacular #ahef #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #ah -- #ae -- #g -- #dj -- boys' school ,mahawatta #ahef #aheh to #ahfj -- -- #ah -- #ah -- #b -- #ch -- ,mahare #ahef #ahfj #c -- #dj -- #bc -- #d -- #gj -- ,kohillewatte vernacular #ahdh #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #ag -- #bd -- #e -- #df -- school ,kottawa vernacular1 boys #ahed #aheh to #ahfj -- -- #ah -- #ab -- #a -- #ca -- ,slave ,island boys #ahdg #ahef to #ahfj #b -- #bd -- #bj -- #g -- #ec -- school ,milagria #ahej #ahfj -- -- #bj -- #af -- #af -- #eb -- ,dehiwella #ahdg #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #h -- #ah -- #ac -- #ci -- ,attidiya vernacular #aheb #aheb to #ahfj -- -- #bj -- #bj -- #h -- #dh -- school ,dandogame #ahea #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #ba -- #bf -- #e -- #eb -- #bd ,seedua #ahdh #ahee to #ahfj -- -- #bj -- #aa -- #h -- #ci -- ,katane #ahef #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #bd -- #cf -- #af -- #gf -- ,andiamblam vernacular #ahef #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #ab -- #ai -- -- -- #ca -- ,imbulgodde school #aheg #aheg to #ahfj -- -- #be #a #ba -- #g -- #ec #a ,indebetta vernacular #aheh #aheh to #ahfj -- -- #ae #ae #ae #ad #aj -- #dj #bi boys' and girls' vernacular school ,waragodde vernacular #ahei #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #bj -- #bf -- #d -- #ej -- school ,bandaragama boys' school #ahdg #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #ab -- #ag -- #d -- #cc -- ,vernacular boys' school #aheg #aheg to #ahfj -- -- #e -- #af -- #d -- #be -- at ,waskaduwa ,katukurunde boys' and #aheg #aheg to #ahfj -- -- #cf #f #aa #d -- -- #dg #aj girls' school ,vernacular at ,payagalle #aheh #aheh to #ahfj #id -- #dbc -- #cgf -- #if -- #ihi -- ,vernacular school at #aheg #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #ae -- #aj -- #h -- #cc -- ,barbaryn ,maccoon #aheg #aheg to #ahfj -- -- #ch -- #dd -- #f -- #hh -- ,vernacular boys' school #ahea #ahef to #ahfj -- -- -- -- #ah -- -- -- #ah -- ,dondra ,kandy gaol school #ahef #ahei to #ahfj -- -- -- -- -- -- #cj -- #cj -- ,government vernacular #aheg -- -- -- #f -- #ac -- #g -- #bf -- boys' school1 ,parnegame ,singhalese school1 #ahef #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #ac #a #a -- #d -- #ah #a ,passara ,badulla1 ,singhalese #ahej #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #cj -- #ab -- #bj -- #fb -- ,tamil vernacular1 #ahej #ahee to #ahfj #aj -- #aa -- #ed -- #bj -- #ie -- ,badulla ,paioogame school #ahfj #ahfj -- -- #aa -- #h -- #ca -- #ej -- ,combalwella #ahfj #ahfj -- -- #bj -- #ac -- #b -- #ce -- ,matelle ,tamil school #aheh #aheh to #ahfj #a -- #ab -- #ae -- #d -- #cb -- ,ratotte school #ahfj #ahfj -- -- #f -- #i -- -- -- #ae -- ,vernacular1 ,kotmalie #ahef #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #af -- #db -- #bf -- #hd -- ,dummaladeniya of #aheg #aheh to #ahfj -- -- #aj -- #ae -- #e -- #cj -- ,chilau #be ,calpentyn ,tamil school #ahdg #aheg to #ahfj -- -- #i -- #ad -- #b -- #be -- ,female seminary -- #ahfj #c #c #b #aj -- #e -- -- #e #ah ,superior girls'school1 #ahej #aheh to #ahfj -- #c -- #be -- #cf -- #g -- #ga ,kandy ,grand ,pass mixed girls' #ahei #ahei to #ahfj -- -- -- #af -- #be -- #e -- #df school ,borella #ahdc #ahef to #ahfj #a #a #i #ai #b #e -- #a #ab #bf ,colpetty girls' school #ahdd #ahef to #ahfj -- -- -- #cb -- #ai -- -- -- #ea ,caltura ,matura ,government girls' #aheg #aheg to #ahfj -- #a -- #bj -- #ac -- #b -- #cf school ,kottawa1 vernacular1 #ahed #aheh to #ahfj -- -- -- #af -- #f -- #b -- #bd girls' ,pantura mixed girls' #ahei #ahei to #ahfj -- #h -- #bj -- #aa -- -- -- #ci school ,vernacular girls' #ahea #ahef to #ahfj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- school at ,pantura ,government ,tamil #ahdf -- -- #c -- #ad -- #b -- -- -- #ai girls' school ,total #ahe #bg #a1ief #bdc #a1fcj #edc #a1afc #bi #d1icd #hdb ,sub-table ,a#b1 ,,ceylon4 ,part #b4 ,mortality during same ,period4 ,average ,average ,number of ,number of ,children ,children ,name of ,colony leaving who leave ,no4 of and ,school4 ,under #e to #aj to #ae ,years ,school ,school to ,years #e #aj #ae and ,all every ,year die at in ,years4 ,years4 ,years4 upwards4 ,ages4 from ,home ,return4 ill-health4 every year4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,,ceylon4 ,colombo academy -- -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #b -- #a -- -- -- #c #c_/d ,galle central school -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- #b -- -- -- -- -- #e ,kandy central school -- -- -- -- #d -- #c -- #g -- #b -- #a -- #d #c_/d ,colombo ,pettah ,english -- -- -- -- #a -- #d -- #e -- #ag -- -- -- #d #c_/d school ,grand ,pass ,english -- -- -- -- #d -- #b -- #f -- #b -- #a -- #e school ,negombo ,government boys' -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- #e school ,english school1 altura -- -- #a -- -- -- #b -- #c -- -- -- -- -- #d #c_/d ,pantura boys' ,english -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- #b -- #h or -- -- -- #d #a_/b school #aj ,matura ,government -- -- -- -- -- -- #b -- #b -- #a -- #b -- #e elementary school ,english ,kornegalle -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #d or -- -- -- #a #c_/d #e ,government -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- -- -- #a -- #b ,malrandahn mixed school ,copetty mixed school -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- -- -- #a -- #e ,kandane -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a #c_/d ,mahola mixed school -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a #a_/b ,kaigalle mixed school -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- #b -- #a -- -- -- #c #a_/b ,rutnapoora mixed school -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a #c_/d ,mixed school1 ,bentotte -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #e ,government mixed school1 -- -- -- -- -- -- #d -- #d -- #b -- #a -- #c ,balepitimodera4 ,oodoovil fem4 board4 -- -- -- -- -- #ai -- -- -- #ai -- -- -- #c #ch school ,batticotta high school -- -- -- -- #a -- #e -- #f -- -- -- -- -- #e #a_/d ,batticotta training and -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #b #a_/d theological school ,boys' school1 ,matura -- -- -- -- -- -- #b -- #b -- #a -- #b -- #e ,girls' school1 ,matura -- -- -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #b -- #b -- #b #c #a_/b ,boys' school1 ,belligam -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- #b -- #a -- #c -- #e ,boys' school1 ,dondra -- -- -- -- #c -- -- -- #c -- #a -- -- -- #d #c_/d ,boys' school1 ,nupa -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,girls' school1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a ,gabeduwediya ,galle mixed school -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- -- ,callowelle mixed school -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #b ,belligam mixed school -- -- -- -- #a -- #b -- #c -- #a -- -- -- #e ,mixed school1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a #c_/d ,hambantotte ,boys' mixed school1 -- -- -- -- #a -- #b -- #c -- -- -- -- -- #e ,trincomalie ,kandy mixed school -- -- #b -- #f -- #b -- #aj -- #h -- -- -- #c #c_/d ,pitiyagedere -- -- #a -- #b -- -- -- #c -- -- -- -- -- #d #c_/d ,madewelletenne -- -- -- -- #b -- #a -- #c -- #a -- -- -- #e #c_/d ,mixed school1 ,gampola -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #c_/d ,nawelepitiye mixed -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #b #c_/d school ,kadugannawa -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #b ,harispattoo mixed school -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- #b -- #b -- #b -- #a #a_/d ,ambagamuwa mixed school -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a_/d ,medemahanuwera -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #a ,mixed school1 ,odoonuwera -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #f -- -- -- #a ,newera ,ellia1 mixed -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #c school ,mixed1 ,badulla -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a ,matelle mixed school -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #a #a_/b ,odetenne1 in ,matelle -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a #a_/b ,madampe mixed school -- -- #a -- #a -- -- -- #b -- #a -- -- -- #e ,mixed school1 ,putlam -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #b #b -- -- #d #c_/d ,mixed school1 ,calpentyn -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #c #c_/d ,mullativoe ,government -- -- #f -- #d -- #e -- #ae -- #bj -- #c -- #f mixed school ,mixed1 ,manaar -- -- #a -- #a -- #a -- #c -- #a -- #b -- #e ,mixed1 ,anuradhapoora -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a -- #b #a_/b ,mattacooly -- -- #c -- #b -- -- -- #e -- -- -- #a -- #e ,wattelle vernacular -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #e boys' school ,pamanugama vernacular -- -- #b -- #a -- -- -- #c -- -- -- -- -- #a #c_/d boys' school ,mahawatta -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #a -- #b -- -- -- #c ,mahare -- -- #f -- #g -- #a -- #ad -- #c -- -- -- #c_/d ,kohillewatte vernacular -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a #c_/d school ,kottawa vernacular1 boys -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #a -- #b -- #a -- #b #a_/b ,slave ,island boys -- -- #b -- -- -- #a -- #c -- -- -- #c -- #e school ,milagria -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #c_/d ,dehiwella #b -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #d -- -- -- -- -- #e ,attidiya vernacular #a -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #b -- #i school -- -- #c #c_/d ,dandogame -- -- #d -- #a -- -- -- #e -- #aj -- #e -- #e ,seedua -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #e #a_/b ,katane -- -- #f -- #d -- #b -- #ab -- #ab -- -- -- #a ,andiamblam vernacular -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #d #a_/b ,imbulgodde school -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- #b -- #f -- #b -- #c #a_/b ,indebetta vernacular -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a -- #f #d -- -- #b #a_/d boys' and girls' vernacular school ,waragodde vernacular -- -- #b -- #b -- -- -- #d -- -- -- -- -- #a #c_/d school ,bandaragama boys' school -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a ,vernacular boys' school -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #c at ,waskaduwa ,katukurunde boys' and -- -- #c -- #a #a -- -- #d #a #i #d -- -- #c girls' school ,vernacular at ,payagalle #b -- #a -- #a -- #a -- #e -- #e -- #b -- #b ,vernacular school at -- -- #b -- #c -- #c -- #h -- #d -- #b -- #e ,barbaryn ,maccoon -- -- #df -- #ec -- #d -- #ajc -- #aj -- -- -- #c ,vernacular boys' school -- -- -- -- #e -- -- -- #e -- #f -- -- -- #d #c_/d ,dondra ,kandy gaol school -- -- -- -- -- -- #c -- #c -- -- -- -- -- #a #a_/d ,government vernacular -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- -- -- #a -- -- boys' school1 ,parnegame ,singhalese school1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #d #a_/d ,passara ,badulla1 ,singhalese -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a ,tamil vernacular1 #a -- #a -- #a -- -- -- #c -- -- -- -- -- #f ,badulla ,paioogame school -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a_/d ,combalwella -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a_/d ,matelle ,tamil school -- -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #a -- #b ,ratotte school -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #f -- -- -- #c_/d ,vernacular1 ,kotmalie -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a -- #i -- #a -- #e ,dummaladeniya of -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #h -- #c ,chilau ,calpentyn ,tamil school -- -- #b -- -- -- #a -- #c -- #b -- #b -- #d ,female seminary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,superior girls'school1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- #b #a_/b ,kandy ,grand ,pass mixed girls' -- -- -- #b -- #b -- #a -- #e -- #f -- #c #a #a_/b school ,borella -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- #d ,colpetty girls' school -- -- -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #b #e ,caltura ,matura ,government girls' -- -- -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #b -- -- -- -- #c #c_/d school ,kottawa1 vernacular1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- #b #a_/b girls' ,pantura mixed girls' -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a #a_/d school ,vernacular girls' -- #b -- #a -- #b -- #b -- #g -- #ab -- #g #d #c_/d school at ,pantura ,government ,tamil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- girls' school ,total #f #b #aje #d #abi #ca #fa #c #cja #dj #ahe #cd #ee #ag ,sub-table ,a#c1 ,,canada4 ,part #a4 ,average ,number of ,native ,children1 with ,sexes and ,ages1 attending during these ,years4 ,name of ,colony ,date ,years and ,school4 of included ,under #e to #aj to #ae ,years ,opening4 in the #e #aj #ae and ,all ,ages4 ,return4 ,years4 ,years4 ,years4 upwards4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,,canada4 ,saugeeng -- #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #f #ab -- #b -- -- #f #ad ,snake ,island #ahdj #ahei to #ahfj #c #c #e #f #e #e #f #d #ai #ah ,rice ,lake #ahhj #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #b #c #d #e #b #d #h #ab ,chemong or ,mud ,lake #ahce #ahei to #ahfj -- -- #d #b #e #b #f #a #ae #e ,alnwick industrial #ahbh #ahei to #ahfj #f #g #ab #aj #aa #g #d #c #cc #bg school ,new ,england1 co4 ,mohawk #ahhb #ahei to #ahfj #b #c #c #b #b #c -- #b #g #aj ,mohawk #ahdj #ahei to #ahfj #a #b #d #h #e #f #a #b #aa #ah ,mohawk ,institution #ahcc #ahef to #ahfa -- -- -- -- #cj #aj #aj #e #dj #ae ,manitowaning #ahci #ahed to #ahef -- -- #b #a #b #f #b -- #f #g ,wikwemikong #ahde #ahee to #ahfj #h #c #ci #bc #cc #be #ba #ai #aja #gj #bf ,calpentyn ,tamil #ahdg #aheg to #ahfj -- -- #i -- #ad -- #b -- #be -- ,st4 ,clair common day #ahcf #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #ae #g #ad #h #c #a #cb #af school ,walpole ,island common #ahdh #ahee to #ahfj -- -- #aa #f #aj #g #b #b #bc #ae school ,mount ,elgin #ahdi #ahef to #ahfj -- -- #b #d #ac #ac #g #c #bb #bj ,total #bj #ah #aje #hd #acd #ii #fd #df #cbc #bdg ,sub-table ,a#c1 ,,canada4 ,part #b4 ,mortality during same ,period4 ,average ,average ,number of ,number of ,children ,children ,name of ,colony leaving who leave ,no4 of and ,school4 ,under #e to #aj to #ae ,years ,school ,school to ,years #e #aj #ae and ,all every ,year die at in ,years4 ,years4 ,years4 upwards4 ,ages4 from ,home ,return4 ill-health4 every year4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,,canada4 ,saugeeng -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- #a ,snake ,island #a #a #a #a -- #b -- #a #b #e -- -- -- -- #a ,rice ,lake -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a ,chemong or ,mud ,lake -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a ,alnwick industrial -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- #b -- -- -- -- -- #a school ,new ,england1 co4 ,mohawk -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a ,mohawk -- -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- #a ,mohawk ,institution -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- #a -- #a -- -- -- #e ,manitowaning -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #a #a -- -- #c ,wikwemikong -- #b #c #c #c #c -- -- #f #h #c #d -- -- #f ,calpentyn ,tamil -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #d ,st4 ,clair common day -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #e school ,walpole ,island common -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #e school ,mount ,elgin -- -- #b -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #d ,total #a #c #e #d #e #g #a #a #ab #ae #e #e -- -- ,,table ,a4 a4,summary of ,table ,a4 ,table ,a4a4 ,part #a ,average ,school ,attendance4 ,colony4 ,under #e4 #e-aj4 #aj-ae4 #ae and ,all ,ages4 upwards4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,sierra ,leone #dah #cbb #cbj #bfj #dba #bcj #aje #bd #a1gdg #hcf ,western ,australia #ab #h #aj #g #ae #e #g #b #dd #bb ,natal #cg #dg #bfj #cja #hh #ajc #eb #ee #dcg #ejf ,ceylon #ahe #bg #a1ief #bdc #a1fcj #edc #a1afc #bi #d1icd #hdb ,canada #bj #ah #aje #hd #acd #ii #fd #df #cbc #bdg ,total #fgb #dbb #b1fea #hie #b1bhh #ihj #a1cia #aef #g1dhe #b1dec ,table ,a4a4 ,part #b ,total ,deaths for same ,period4 ,average ,average ,number who ,number who leave leave ,colony4 ,school ,school ,under #e4 #e-aj4 #aj-ae4 #ae and ,all ,ages4 from to die upwards4 ill-health at ,home every year4 every year4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,sierra ,leone #da #cg #ai #bj #ah #aj #b #a #abb #fh #ci #bi #bc #bj ,western ,australia #f #a -- -- -- #a -- -- #g #b -- #f -- -- ,natal #c #c #c #d #b #a -- -- #i #g #f #h #a #b ,ceylon #f #b #aje #d #abi #ca #fa #c #cja #dj #ahe #cd #ee #ag ,canada #a #c #e #d #e #g #a #a #ab #ae #e #e -- -- ,total #eg #df #acb #cb #aed #ej #fd #e #dea #acb #bce #hb #gi #ci ,the 8all ages0 for ,sierra ,leone includes #dhc children whose ages are not given4 #bg ,b4 ,,mortality ,,in ,,the ,,colonial ,,schools4 7,,sierra ,,leone47 ,years of ,life4 ,deaths4 ,annual ,rate of ,mortality per ,cent4 ,,ages4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,all ages #g1ggi #e1hhe #a1hid #aij #abb #fh #bdd #bjg #cei ,under #e years #a1fhd #a1jai #ffe #gh #da #cg #dfc #djb #eef #e-aj years #a1dji #gha #fbh #ci #ai #bj #bgg #bdc #cai #aj-ae years #a1hab #a1bei #eec #bh #ah #aj #aee #adc #aha #ae and upwards #dei #daa #dh #c #b #a #fe #di #bjh ,this total includes the years of life of #dhc male children whose ages were not specified4 ,including #db deaths of male children whose ages were not specified4 ,c4 ,,mortality ,,in ,,the ,,colonial ,,schools4 7,,natal47 ,years of ,life4 ,deaths4 ,annual ,rate of ,mortality per ,cent4 ,,ages4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,all ages #c1hcb #a1gaj #b1abb #af #i #g #db #ec #cc ,under #e years #cdd #ada #bjc #f #c #c #agd #bac #adh #e-aj years #b1bgi #a1jce #a1bdd #g #c #d #ca #bi #cb #aj-ae years #hih #cdf #eeb #c #b #a #cc #eh #ah #ae and upwards #daa #ahh #bbc -- -- -- -- -- -- ,d4 ,,mortality ,,in ,,the ,,colonial ,,schools4 7,,western ,,australia47 ,years of ,life4 ,deaths4 ,annual ,rate of ,mortality per ,cent4 ,,ages4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,all ages #ceg #bjb #aee #i #g #b #beb #cdg #abi ,under #e years #adg #hc #fd #g #f #a #dgf #gbc #aef #e-aj years #ic #cg #ef -- -- -- -- -- -- #aj-ae years #ha #ef #be #a -- #a #abd -- #djj #ae and upwards #cf #bf #aj -- -- -- -- -- -- #bh ,e4 ,,mortality ,,in ,,the ,,colonial ,,schools4 7,,ceylon47 ,annual ,rate of ,annual ,rate of ,years of ,life4 ,deaths4 ,mortality ,mortality in per ,cent4 ,england and ,wales4 ,,ages4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,both ,males4,females4 ,both ,males4,females4 ,both ,males4,females4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,all ages #ce1cci #bj1gba #ad1fah #cda #cja #dj #if #ade #bg -- -- ,under #e years #fdd #ege #fi #h #f #b #abd #ajd #bij -- -- #e-aj years #g1bgh #f1eaj #gfh #aji #aje #d #aej #afa #eb #ib #ib #ia #aj-ae years #bc1jij #i1cgg #ac1gac #afj #abi #ca #fi #ach #bc #ec #eb #ed #ae and upwards1 #d1cbg #d1bei #fh #fd #fa #c #adh #adc #dda #hd #hb #he say #ag4 ,,note4,the mortality at all ages was #if per cent4 of both sexes1 but including the deaths of children who have been returned as leaving school to die at home1 this number will be nearly doubled4 ,f4 ,,mortality ,,in ,,the ,,colonial ,,schools4 7,,canada47 ,years of ,life4 ,deaths4 ,annual ,rate of ,mortality per cent4 ,,ages4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,both ,males4 ,females4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,sexes4 ,all ages #b1ada #a1bhf #hee #bg #ab #ae #abf #ic #age ,under #e years #ic #fj #cc #d #a #c #dcj #afg #iji #e-aj years #fgi #dad #bfe #i #e #d #acj #aba #aea #aj-ae years #icc #eeh #cge #ab #e #g #abi #ij #ahg #ae and upwards #dcf #bed #ahb #b #a #a #df #ci #ee #bi ,g4 ,,table showing the ,,chief ,,causes of ,,mortality at the ,,schools in each ,,colony4 ,g4 ,part #a4 ,scarlet ,small- ,fever1 ,diarrha1 ,pox4 ,measles1 ,fevers4 ,dysentery4 ,cholera4 -- ,whooping- ,cough4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,sierra ,leone #db #cd #aa #i #bc #bc -- -- -- -- ,natal -- -- -- #a -- -- #a #a -- -- ,western ,australia -- -- #a #a -- -- -- -- -- -- ,ceylon #g -- #db -- #aah #ai #ej #h #g #aj ,canada -- -- -- -- #a -- -- -- -- -- ,g4 ,part #b4 ,consump- ,other ,brain and ,not ,total tion4 ,chest ,nervous ,scrofula4specified4 ,deaths4 -- ,diseases4 ,system4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,sierra ,leone #a -- -- -- #a -- #a -- #c #b #abb #fh ,natal -- #a #d #c -- -- #a -- #b #a #i #g ,western ,australia #b -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #d #a #g #b ,ceylon #f #a #e -- #a -- #a -- #fd #b #cja #dj ,canada #g #i -- -- -- -- #c #b #a #d #ab #ae #cj ,h4 ,,education ,,and ,,state ,,of ,,schools ,,in ,,the ,,different ,,colonies4 ,sub-table ,h#a1 ,,sierra ,,leone1 ,,natal1 and ,,western ,,australia4 ,part #a4 ,no4 of ,school ,hours4 ,length of ,school ,annual ,name of ,school4 ,school ,days ,no4 of ,instruc- ,out- ,education4 per ,holidays4 tion4 ,play4 door ,week4 ,work4 ,,sierra ,,leone4 ,c4 ,m4 ,jubilee #c #a_/b years #f #db days #f #b #a #a_/b ,kessy #b years #e #ba days #e ,none ,none ,campbell ,town -- #e #ba days #e ,none ,none ,government -- #e -- -- ,none ,none ,bananas -- #e #ba days #e ,none ,none ,christ ,church #g years #e #a month #d #a_/b #a_/b ,none ,buxton #b years #e #ba days #e ,none ,none ,gibraltar #b years #e #ba days #e ,none ,none ,jehovah ,shalom -- #e #ae days #e ,none ,none ,york -- #e #ae days #e ,none ,none ,zion #b years #e #ba days #e ,none ,none ,tabernacle -- #e #ae days #e ,none ,none ,bathurst ,st4 #b years #e #ba days #e ,none ,none ,liberated ,african -- -- -- -- -- -- ,,western ,,australia4 ,annesfield #aj years #e ,twice #d or #e -- ,none a year #ca ,new ,norcia ,till married #e #ab days #c -- #c 7,benedictines7 ,sisters of ,mercy ,till married #e #ce days #e #b ,none ,,natal4 ,infant school1 ,edendale -- #e ,none4 #d -- ,none ,day and ,industrial1 -- #e ,none4 #b #a_/b ,none #c #a_/b ,edendale4 ,new ,germany -- #e -- #b -- -- ,st4 ,michael's -- #e -- #b ,none ,none ,ekukanyeni #e years #f #bj days #e -- #g ,ifumi ,station -- #e -- #d to #e ,none ,none #cb ,spring ,vale -- #e -- #b ,none #c ,umvoti #f years #e #ba days #e #a #a ,kwangubeni -- #e #a month #c ,none ,none ,verulam 7,wesleyan7 #e years #e #a month #c to #e ,at #c to #e inter- vals4 ,indaleni -- #e #a month #e ,none #c to #d ,pietermaritzburg -- #e #db days #d #a_/b ,none ,none ,sub-table ,h#a1 ,,sierra ,,leone1 ,,natal1 and ,,western ,,australia4 ,part #b4 ,physical ,education ,name of ,school4 7including ,remarks on ,state of ,school1 c4 ,gymnastics1 ,bathing1 ,exercise74 ,,sierra ,,leone4 ,c4 ,m4 ,jubilee ,gymnastics,building well constructed4 ,ventilation somewhat impeded4 ,diet plain and simple4 ,kessy ,no ,conducted in a thatched chapel4 ,situation good4 ,campbell ,town ,no ,stone chapel1 without special ventilation4 ,government ,no -- ,bananas ,no ,frame built chapel1 situated on the ,island of ,bananas4 ,no special ventilation4 ,christ ,church ,no ,building large and well ventilated4 ,buxton ,no ,conducted in the cellar of the chapel4 ,position and ventilation good4 ,gibraltar ,no ,building stone4 ,ventilation and position good4 ,jehovah ,shalom ,no ,frame built chapel1 without special ventilation4 ,york ,no ,frame chapel1 without special ventilation4 ,zion ,no ,stone chapel4 ,position and ventilation excellent4 ,tabernacle ,no ,frame built chapel1 without special ventilation4 ,bathurst ,st4 ,no ,conducted in a wooden chapel4 ,ventilation indifferent4 ,liberated ,african -- ---- ,,western ,,australia4 ,annesfield ,no ,brick house1 situated on a hill4 ,diet3 milk1 porridge1 bread1 meat1 vegetables1 soup1 rice1 c4 ,new ,norcia ,gymnastics ,diet3 bread1 meat1 tea1 rice1 vegetables1 c4 7,benedictines7 ,gymnastics necessary to prevent sickness4 8,the idea of bringing savages from their wild state at once to an advanced civilization serves no other purpose than that of murdering them40 ,this out-door training has been hitherto successful 8in preventing the destructive effects of this error40 ,sisters of ,mercy ,no ,all girls4 ,,natal4 ,infant school1 ,edendale ,no ---- ,day and ,industrial1 ,no ---- ,edendale4 ,new ,germany ,yes ,room made of wattle and daub4 ,ventilation good4 ,diet3 porridge and potatoes4 ,st4 ,michael's ,no ,diet regular and simple4 ,ekukanyeni ,yes ,room well ventilated4 ,diet3 porridge1 meat1 and and coffee4 ,the greatest danger to the children is to be apprehended from their carelessness about getting wet with ,european clothing on them4 ,in their native state they are used to be wet4 ,and their bodies are easily warmed and dried at the hut fire4 ,thus they care little about rain4 ,and1 being exposed to the sudden storms of a semi-tropical climate1 they are constantly found sitting in wet flannels and jerseys1 and suffer much from coughs and colds4 ,it cannot be doubted that much pulmonary disease will thus be generated by the very effort to improve their condition1 unless constant care be taken to guard against this danger4 ,ifumi ,station ,no ---- ,spring ,vale ,no ,room of wattle and daub4 ,situated on the side of a hill4 ,diet3 meal1 milk1 and potatoes4 ,umvoti ,no ,built of brick1 thatched roof1 mud floor4 ,kwangubeni ,no ,held in a chapel4 ,verulam 7,wesleyan7 ,only ,diet3 porridge with meat4 bathing ,indaleni ,no ,held in a chapel1 well ventilated4 ,pietermaritzburg ,no ---- ,sub-table ,h#b1 ,,ceylon4 ,part #a4 ,no4 of ,school ,hours4 ,length of ,school ,annual ,name of ,school4 ,school ,days ,no4 of ,instruc- ,out- ,education4 per ,holidays4 tion4 ,play4 door ,week4 ,work4 ,,ceylon4 ,colombo academy #ab to #e #b #a_/b #e #b ,none #ae years months and wet weather4 ,galle central school #f years #e #fe days #e ,none ,none ,kandy central school #e years #e #ej days #e #a_/b #c_/d ,none ,colombo ,pettah ,english #be years #e #cf days #e #a ,none school4 ,grand ,pass ,english school #e to #h years #e #fd days #e #a ,none ,negombo ,government -- #e #ci days #e #a ,none boys' school4 ,caltura ,english school #e years #e #ef days #e #a ,none #cc ,pantura boys' #e to #f years #e #de days #e #a ,none ,english school4 ,matura ,government #e to #f years #e #ef days #e #a ,none elementary school4 ,kornegalle ,english #d years #e #fc days #e ,none ,none ,malrandahn ,government #d years #e #ef days #e #a_/b ,none mixed school4 ,copetty mixed school #e years #e #de days #e ,none ,none ,kandane #e years #e #ef days #e #a ,none ,mabola mixed school #e to #h years #e #fd days #e #a ,none ,kaigalle mixed school #h years #e #ef days #e #a_/b #a_/b #a_/b ,ratnapoora mixed school #c years #e #fa days #e #a ,none ,bentotte mixed school #aj years #e #ff days #e ,none ,none ,government mixed school at #e years #e #dj days #e ,none ,none ,balepitimodera4 ,matura boys' school -- #e #ef days #e #a ,none #cd ,matura girls' school -- #e #ef days #e ,none ,none ,belligam boys' school #f years #e #ef days #e #a_/b ,none ,boys' school1 ,dondra #c years #e #fb days #e ,none ,none ,oodoovil female boarding #e years #e ,thrice #g #a #a school4 a year ,batticotta high school #f years #e #c months #g #a ,none ,batticotta training and #b and #c #e #c months #i #f #a theological school4 years ,galle mixed school #d years #e #fe days #e ,none ,none ,kallowelle mixed #d years #e #fe days #e ,none ,none ,belligam mixed school #f years #e #ei days #e #a_/b #a_/b ,none ,hambantotte mixed school -- #e #ei days #e ,none ,none ,trincomalie1 mixed1 boys' #g years #e #df days #e ,none ,none school4 ,kandy mixed school #e years #e #ef days #e #a_/b ,none ,kandy industrial school -- #e #bh days #e #a #f ,pitiyagedere -- #e #ef days #e #a ,none ,madewelletenne #a to #d years #e #ef days #e ,none ,none ,gampola mixed school -- #e #ef days #g ,none ,none ,nawelepitiye mixed school -- #e #da days #f #a ,none #ce ,kadugannawa -- #e #ef days #e ,none ,none ,harispattoo mixed school #a to #c years #e #ef days #e ,none ,none ,ambagamuwa mixed school -- #e #ef days #e #a ,none ,medemahanuwera -- #e #eg days #f #a_/b #a_/b ,none ,odoonuwera mixed school -- #e #fb days #e #a ,none ,newera ,ellia mixed school #f to #g years #e #fa days #e #a ,none ,badulla mixed #d years #e #ej days #d ,none ,none ,matelle mixed school #b to #b #a_/b #e #dc days #e #a ,none years ,odetenne in ,matelle -- #e #dc days #e ,none ,none ,madampe mixed school -- #e #ef days #f #a ,none ,putlam mixed school #c years #e #eg days #e #a ,none ,calpentyn mixed school #f years #e #ea days #f ,none ,none ,mullativoe ,government #i years #e #eb days #f ,none #e min4 mixed school4 ,manaar1 mixed #g years #e #fj days #f ,none ,none #cf ,anuradhapoora1 mixed #b #b_/c years #e #fd days #g ,none ,none ,mattacooly #c years #e #fa days #e ,none ,none ,watelle vernacular boys' #c or #d years #e #di days #e #a ,none school4 ,pamanugama vernacular -- #e #fa days #e ,none ,none school4 ,mahawatta #e years #e #fc days #e ,none ,none ,mahare -- #e #ed days #e ,none ,none ,kohillewatte vernacular #d years #e #de days #e ,none ,none school4 ,kottawa vernacular1 boys #e years #e #dh days #e ,none ,none ,slave ,island boys' school #b to #d years #e #db days #e ,none ,none ,milagria -- #e #dj days #e ,none ,none ,dehiwella -- #e #dj days #e ,none ,none ,attidiya vernacular school #h years #e #de days -- ,none ,none ,weligampittia -- #e #ef days #e ,none ,none ,dandogame -- #e #ef days #e #a_/b ,none ,seedua -- #e #ef days #e ,none ,none #cg ,katane -- #e #ed days #e ,none ,none ,andiamblam vernacular -- #e #eg days #e ,none ,none school4 ,imbulgodde school -- #e #ei days #e ,none ,none ,indebetta vernacular boys'#d or #e years #e #de days #e ,none ,none and girls' school ,waragodde vernacular -- #e #di days #e ,none ,none school4 ,bandaragama vernacular -- #e #fb days #e #a_/b ,the boys' school rest4 ,waskaduwa vernacular #e years #e #de days #e ,none ,none boys' school4 ,katukurunde vernacular #d or #e years #e #de days #e ,none ,none boys' and girls' school4 ,payagalle1 vernacular -- #e #db days #e ,none ,none ,barbaryn vernacular school -- #e #fb days #e ,none ,none ,maccoon -- #e #gj days #e ,none ,none ,dondra vernacular boys' #c years #e #fb days #e ,none ,none school4 ,parnegame ,government #d #c_/d years #e #fj days #e ,none ,none vernacular boys' school4 ,passara1 ,singhalese school #d years #e #ej days #e ,none ,none ,badulla1 ,singhalese #d years #e #ej days #d ,none ,none ,badulla 7,tamil7 vernacular #e years #e #ej days #f ,none ,none ,paloogame school -- #e -- #e ,none ,none ,combalwella #d years #e #ef days #e #a_/b #a_/d #a_/d #ch,matelle 7,tamil7 school #b years #e #dc days #f ,none ,none ,ratotte school -- #e #dc days #e ,none ,none ,kotmalie1 vernacular #d #a_/c years #e #ef days #e ,none ,none ,dummaladeniya of ,chilau -- #e #db days #e ,none ,none ,calpentyn 7,tamil7 school #d years #e #ea days #f ,none ,none ,female seminary up to #af #e #fc days #e ,none ,none ,kandy superior girls' #e years #e #fc days #e ,none ,none school4 ,grand ,pass mixed girls' #d years #e #ef days #e #a ,none school4 ,borella #c to #e years #e #cf days #e ,none ,none ,colpetty girls' school #b to #c years #e #db days #e ,none ,none ,caltura girls' mixed #e to #h years #e #ef days #e #a ,none school ,matura ,government girls' -- #e #ef days #e #a ,none school4 ,kottawa1 vernacular1 girls -- #e #dh days #e ,none ,none ,pantura1 mixed1 girls -- #e #fj days #e ,none ,none ,pantura1 vernacular1 girls -- #e #aja days #c to #i #a ,none ,government 7,tamil7 girls' #e years #e #df days #e ,none ,none school4 ,sub-table ,h#b1 ,,ceylon4 ,part #b4 ,physical ,education ,name of ,school4 7including ,remarks on ,state of ,school1 c4 ,gymnastics1 ,bathing1 ,exercise74 ,,ceylon4 ,colombo academy ,bathing1 ,situation the best that could be selected1 and quoits1 c4 ventilation good4 ,principal buildings in bad repair4 ,school cannot be held in wet weather4 ,more and better accommodation required4 ,galle central school ,no ,well ventilated1 and situated in the healthiest part of the town4 ,kandy central school ,no ,the building is constructed at the bottom of a hill1 and damp during wet weather4 ,ventilation good4 ,diet3 rice1 vegetables1 and fish4 ,colombo ,pettah ,english ,no ,locality of the school-house is very bad1 situated school4 in a very noisy1 hot1 and dusty road4 ,grand ,pass ,english school ,no ,well ventilated4 ,situated on the rising ground1 enjoys the benefit of the sea breeze4 ,diet3 rice1 fish1 curry1 and beef occasionally4 ,negombo ,government ,no ,situated on the plain1 bordering the sea shore1 boys' school4 admitting sea breeze freely4 ,caltura ,english school ,no ,situated on the left bank of the ,kaln ,ganga4 ,ventilation very satisfactory4 ,pantura boys' ,no ,ventilation sufficient4 ,situated on the bank of ,english school4 the lake1 not far from the sea2 district remarkably salubrious4 ,matura ,government ,no ,school-room spacious and airy4 ,situated near elementary school4 the sea2 position healthy4 ,kornegalle ,english ,no ---- ,malrandahn ,government ,no ,school-room is now more commodious and airy2 will prove mixed school4 more beneficial to the health of the children4 ,copetty mixed school ,no ,school-room is spacious and airy1 situated near the sea4 ,kandane ,no ,school-room of stone1 and well ventilated4 ,station generally healthy1 except in ,november and three following months4 8,tobacco much practised10 with pernicious results4 ,mabola mixed school ,no ,building consists of two halls1 well ventilated4 ,diet3 rice1 fish1 beef occasionally4 ,general health of the children good4 ,kaigalle mixed school ,no ,school an open shed1 and considered healthy4 ,ratnapoora mixed school ,no ,situated in a noisy and filthy position4 ,mud floors1 dilapidated walls1 and want of free ventilation4 ,bentotte mixed school ,no ---- ,government mixed school at ,no ,house airy1 but not kept clean4 ,no provision ,balepitimodera4 made for a sweeper4 ,boys have materially suffered in health4 ,matura boys' school ,no ,school-room is spacious and airy1 situated near the sea4 ,matura girls' school ,no ,school is situated in a healthy locality1 not far from the sea1 and well ventilated4 ,belligam boys' school ,no ,situated in a salubrious part of the town4 ,boys' school1 ,dondra ,no ,situated near the sea1 in a salubrious locality4 ,oodoovil female boarding ,bathing ,school-room and dormitories well ventilated4 school4 ,health of pupils generally good4 ,batticotta high school ,no ,house well ventilated4 ,diet simple4 ,climate generally healthy4 ,batticotta training and ,no ,rooms well ventilated4 theological school4 ,galle mixed school ,no ,building sufficiently ventilated1 but rather damp4 ,situated in the healthiest part of the town4 ,kallowelle mixed ,no ,building is commodious and well ventilated4 ,situated in a healthy locality4 ,belligam mixed school ,no ,situated in a salubrious part of the town4 ,hambantotte mixed school ,no ,situated in a healthy locality2 enjoys the benefit of sea breeze4 ,trincomalie1 mixed1 boys' ,no ,school is built in a healthy place4 school4 ,kandy mixed school ,no ,situated in a healthy locality4 ,room is large and well ventilated4 ,diet3 rice and vegetables4 ,kandy industrial school ,bathing and,diet3 rice1 milk1 curries1 and vegetables4 drill4 ,pitiyagedere ,no ---- ,madewelletenne ,no ,situated in a healthy locality4 ,gampola mixed school ,no ,situated in the heart of the town4 ,school consists of one large hall4 ,ventilation free4 ,nawelepitiye mixed school ,no ,school built on an elevation4 ,well ventilated4 ,kadugannawa ,no ,the school walls are constructed of mud2 roof thatched with cadjans4 ,harispattoo mixed school ,no ,school is built in a healthy locality4 ,ambagamuwa mixed school ,no ,school is built on an elevated place1 and freely ventilated4 ,medemahanuwera ,no ---- ,odoonuwera mixed school ,no ,situated on a rock in the centre of a range of paddy fields4 ,building open1 surrounded by a parapet wall4 ,newera ,ellia mixed school ,no ---- ,badulla mixed ,no ,situated in the town4 ,surrounded by buildings1 which prevent ventilation4 ,injurious to the children4 ,matelle mixed school ,no ---- ,odetenne in ,matelle ,no ,school is an open shed2 airy1 and not crowded4 ,madampe mixed school ,no ,situated near the high road1 opposite a large field and the lake4 ,putlam mixed school ,no ,district is proverbial for its febriferous climate4 ,pupils are of impaired health from periodic fevers4 ,they also suffer from catarrh1 ophthalmia1 diarrha1 and dysentery3 cholera occasionally1 and the school is shut up4 ,calpentyn mixed school ,no ,pupils have been suffering from repeated attacks of fever4 ,fever is peculiar to this country4 ,mullativoe ,government ,no ---- mixed school4 ,manaar1 mixed ,no ,situated in the heart of the town4 ,construction good4 ,ventilation free4 ,anuradhapoora1 mixed ,no ,school-room has plenty of ventilation1 and its construction and position are tolerably good4 ,mattacooly ,no ,house is a tile-roofed building1 well ventilated4 ,watelle vernacular boys' ,no ,construction1 mud walls and cadjan roof4 ,position school4 airy and slightly elevated4 ,ventilation ample4 ,pamanugama vernacular ,no ,school-room is well erected4 school4 ,mahawatta ,no ,healthy place4 ,mahare ,no ---- ,kohillewatte vernacular ,no ,school is a large tile-roofed bungalow1 situated school4 on the bank of the ,kalany ,ganga2 is well ventilated4 ,diet3 rice1 fish1 and curry4 ,kottawa vernacular1 boys ,no ,construction1 mud walls and cadjan roof4 ,position high4 ,ventilation free4 ,diet3 rice1 yams1 vegetables1 fish1 and grains4 ,slave ,island boys' school ,no ,school-room is spacious but not airy4 ,milagria ,no ,school is a fine open building1 situated in a very nice healthy and airy locality4 ,dehiwella ,no ---- ,attidiya vernacular school ,no ,school is a large roofed building1 having a parapet wall round it4 ,weligampittia ,no ,school-room is well ventilated4 ,cold fever1 sore eyes1 and dysentery prevail to a great extent4 ,dandogame ,no ---- ,seedua ,no ---- ,katane ,no ---- ,andiamblam vernacular ,no ---- school4 ,imbulgodde school ,no ---- ,indebetta vernacular boys' ,no ,bungalow construction1 situated near a lake1 and girls' school which affords a gentle breeze4 ,waragodde vernacular ,no ,construction1 mud walls and cadjan roof4 ,position school4 airy and slightly elevated4 ,bandaragama vernacular ,no ,school-house is a poor building1 situated in an boys' school interior village4 ,children enjoy good health4 ,waskaduwa vernacular ,no ,building is a cadjan thatched open bungalow1 boys' school4 giving full light and ventilation4 ,locality healthy4 ,katukurunde vernacular ,no ,bungalow construction1 situated near the sea2 boys' and girls' school4 enjoys a gentle breeze during the day4 ,payagalle1 vernacular ,no ---- ,barbaryn vernacular school ,no ,school is unhealthy1 being too close to the sea4 ,maccoon ,no ---- ,dondra vernacular boys' ,no ---- school4 ,parnegame ,government ,no ,want of a school-room much felt4 vernacular boys' school4 ,passara1 ,singhalese school ,no ---- ,badulla1 ,singhalese ,no ---- ,badulla 7,tamil7 vernacular ,no ---- ,paloogame school ,no ,no school4 ,school 8is not yet built up40 ,combalwella ,no ,school is situated in a healthy part of the village4 ,matelle 7,tamil7 school ,no ---- ,ratotte school ,no ,school is an open shed1 airy and not crowded4 ,kotmalie1 vernacular ,no ---- ,dummaladeniya of ,chilau ,no ---- ,calpentyn 7,tamil7 school ,no ---- ,female seminary ,no ---- ,kandy superior girls' ,no ---- school4 ,grand ,pass mixed girls' ,no ,school is a cadjan-roofed bungalow1 situated in school4 a garden2 well ventilated4 ,diet3 rice1 curry1 fish1 and vegetables4 ,borella ,no ,school is a fine building1 situated in a healthy place4 ,colpetty girls' school ,no ,school-room is spacious and airy4 ,caltura girls' mixed ,no ,construction3 built of cabook4 ,position3 school situated on the left bank of the ,kaln ,ganga4 ,ventilation satisfactory4 ,matura ,government girls' ,no ---- school4 ,kottawa1 vernacular1 girls ,no ,constructed of mud4 ,situation high4 ,ventilation free4 ,diet3 rice1 yams1 vegetables1 fish1 c4 ,pantura1 mixed1 girls ,no ,school is an open building4 ,pantura1 vernacular1 girls ,no ---- ,government 7,tamil7 girls' ,no ,school is situated in a most salubrious place4 school4 ,ventilation free1 and the children's health good4 ,sub-table ,h#c1 ,,canada4 ,part #a4 ,no4 of ,school ,hours4 ,length of ,school ,annual ,name of ,school4 ,school ,days ,no4 of ,instruc- ,out- ,education4 per ,holidays4 tion4 ,play4 door ,week4 ,work4 #ci ,,canada4 ,saugeeng #f to #h years #e ,none #f ,none ,none ,snake ,island #h to #aj #e #a_/b ,none #f ,none ,none years ,rice ,lake #e or #f years #e #g days -- ,none ,none ,chemong or ,mud ,lake #e or #f years #e #ce days #e #a_/b ,none #b ,alnwick industrial school -- #e -- #f ,none ,none ,new ,england1 co4 ,mohawk -- #e #bh days #f #a ,none ,mohawk -- #e #bh days #f #a ,none ,mohawk ,institution #e or #f years #e #a_/b #dj days #f #b #d ,manitowaning #d to #e years #e #a_/b #g days #d ,none ,none ,wikwemikong #e to #g years #e #a_/b #g days #g #aj ,none min- utes4 ,st4 ,clair common day -- #e #ad days #f ,none ,none school4 ,walpole ,island common #f to #ae #e #bh days #f ,none ,none school4 years ,mount ,elgin #e to #f years #e #a_/b #g days #d #a_/b #c #c ,sub-table ,h#c1 ,,canada4 ,part #b4 ,physical ,education ,name of ,school4 7including ,remarks on ,state of ,school1 c4 ,gymnastics1 ,bathing1 ,exercise74 ,,canada4 ,saugeeng ,no ,wooden frame building4 ,position1 airy and healthy4 ,snake ,island ,no ,a frame building in a good airy position1 well ventilated1 on the borders of a lake4 ,rice ,lake ,no ,a frame building in an airy situation1 well ventilated4 ,chemong or ,mud ,lake ,no ,school house commodious and well ventilated4 ,alnwick industrial school ,no ,brick building properly ventilated4 ,position elevated ,diet3 soups1 vegetables1 meats1 and bread4 ,new ,england1 co4 ,mohawk ,no ,children healthy4 ,mohawk ,no ---- ,mohawk ,institution ,yes ,brick building1 well ventilated1 situated in a healthy position4 ,diet3 bread1 meat1 vegetables1 corn meal1 milk1 butter1 and soup4 ,manitowaning ,no ---- ,wikwemikong ,yes ---- ,st4 ,clair common day ,no ---- school4 ,walpole ,island common ,no ,situated on the ,river ,pont4 ,island damp4 school4 ,mount ,elgin ,no ,children remarkably healthy4 ,institution stands in an elevated position on the banks of the ,river ,thames4 ,sleeping apartments well ventilated4 ,diet3 plain and wholesome4 ,in many instances this question has been misinterpreted as meaning the number of hours of instruction1 and has been so filled up4 #dj ,i4 ,,cape ,,coast4 ,,colonial ,,hospital4 ,of the ,admissions into ,hospitals1 the proportion per cent4 who died and who recovered during ,one ,year1 #aheg-aheh4 ,all ,ages4 ---- ,died in ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,m4 and ,f4 ,m4 and ,f4 ,all diseases #dc #hgj ,variola -- -- ,dysenteria -- #ajjj ,diarrha -- -- ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica -- -- ,periodic fevers -- #ajjj ,continued fevers -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus -- #ajjj ,scrofula or ,phthisis or ,hmoptysis -- -- ,brain and nervous system #ejj #ejj ,chest diseases -- -- ,liver diseases #ejj -- ,,note4,in some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the deaths the recoveries2 in calculating the per-centages the aggregate of the deaths and recoveries 7,d4 ,r47 were in these instances regarded as the number of admissions4 ,in instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach #ajj per cent1 the observations have been very few4 ,k4 ,,cape ,,coast4 ,,colonial ,,hospital4 ,proportion of ,proportion of ,proportion of ,deaths from ,admissions ,deaths from each ,cause to from each each ,cause to ---- #ajj ,admissions ,cause to #ajj #ajj ,deaths from from each ,admissions all ,causes4 ,cause4 from all ,causes4 ,m4 and ,f4 ,m4 and ,f4 ,m4 and ,f4 ,all causes #dc #ajjj #ajjj ,variola -- -- -- ,dysenteria -- #dg -- ,diarrha -- -- -- ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica -- -- -- ,periodic fevers -- #bd -- ,continued fevers -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus -- #bd -- ,scrofula or ,phthisis or ,hmoptysis -- -- -- ,brain and nervous system #ejj #dh #ejj ,chest diseases -- -- -- ,liver diseases #ejj #bd #ejj ,other diseases -- #hcc -- ,,note4,the deaths recoveries have been taken as the admissions in making these calculations4 #da ,l4 ,,freetown1 ,,sierra ,,leone4 ,,colonial ,,medical ,,department4 ,of the ,admissions into ,hospitals1 the ,proportion per cent4 who died and who recovered during ,five ,years1 #ahee to #ahfj4 ,table ,l1 ,part #a ,all ,ages4 ,under #e ,years4 #e and under #ae ,years4 ---- ,died in ,died in ,died in ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #bjc #ahf #gib #gdi -- #ajjj #ajjj -- #ajc #bej #hab #gej ,variola #bfb #gj #gbh #icj -- #ajjj #ajjj -- #ace #ag #hfe #ihc ,dysenteria #afg #hcc #hcc #aci -- -- -- -- #ajjj #iji -- #ia ,diarrha #bej -- #gej #ajjj -- -- -- -- #afg -- #hcc #ejj ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,periodic fevers #adh -- #hdf -- -- -- -- -- #bej -- #gej -- ,continued fevers #afg -- #hcc #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus #ef #bhf #ibf #gad -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj -- ,scrofula or ,phthisis or ,hmoptysis #aig #ajj #hjc #gej -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj #fff ,brain and nervous system #djj #dbb #dhc #dhi -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj -- ,chest diseases #ahj -- #fjj #ajjj -- -- -- -- #afg -- #ehc #ajjj ,liver diseases -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,table ,l1 ,part #b #ae and under #dj ,years4 #dj and upwards4 ---- ,died in ,died in ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #bac #acb #ghg #fie #bjf #hg #dga #acj ,variola #bhf #adh #gjf #gda #ccc -- #ffg #ajjj ,dysenteria #abj -- #hhj #ffj -- -- #ajjj -- ,diarrha #cjj -- #gjj #ejj -- -- -- -- ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,periodic fevers #aag -- #hed -- #bfg -- #gcc -- ,continued fevers #afg -- #hcc #ajjj -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus #dj #bhf #ifj #gad #ccc -- #ccc -- ,scrofula or ,phthisis or ,hmoptysis #bjg #aah #gic #gfe -- -- -- -- ,brain and nervous system #djb #dai #dhj #eab #ajjj #ajjj -- -- ,chest diseases #aib -- #fae #ajjj -- -- -- -- ,liver diseases -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- ,,note4,in some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the deaths the recoveries2 in calculating the per-centages the aggregate of the deaths and recoveries 7,d4 ,r47 were in these instances regarded as the number of admissions4 ,in instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach #ajj per cent4 the observations have been very few4 #db ,m4 ,,freetown1 ,,sierra ,,leone4 ,,colonial ,,medical ,,department4 ,proportion of ,proportion of ,proportion of ,deaths from each ,admissions from ,deaths from each ,cause to #ajj each ,cause to ,cause to #ajj ---- ,admissions from #ajj ,admissions ,deaths from all each ,cause4 from all ,causes4 ,causes4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,all causes #bjc #ahf #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj ,variola #bfb #gj #aef #aid #bjd #fh ,dysenteria #afg #hcc #bi #hj #bd #cdj ,diarrha #bej -- #i #e #aj -- ,cholera biliosa or -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers #adh -- #bfb -- #aij -- ,continued fevers #afg -- #d #b #c -- ,rheumatismus acutus or #ef #bhf #bi #af #h #bc ,rheumatismus chronicus ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #aig #ajj #cc #ch #cb #bc ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #djj #dbb #eg #ib #abg #baf ,chest diseases #ahj -- #ba #aa #bd -- ,liver diseases -- -- #a -- -- -- ,other diseases #aic #aaf #cii #efb #cgh #ccj ,,note4,the deaths recoveries have been taken as the admissions in making these calculations4 #dc ,n4 ,,kaffraria4 ,,king ,,william',s ,,town ,,hospitals4 ,of the ,admissions into ,hospitals1 the ,proportion per ,cent4 who died and who recovered during ,four ,months1 #aheh4 ,all ,ages4 ,died in ,recovered4 ---- ,hospital4 ,male and ,male and ,female4 ,female4 ,all diseases #bah #ghb ,variola -- -- ,dysenteria #ajj #ijj ,diarrha -- #ajjj ,cholera biliosa or -- -- ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers -- -- ,continued fevers -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or -- -- ,rheumatismus chronicus ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #gjf #bid ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system -- -- ,chest diseases #ejj #ejj ,liver diseases -- -- ,,note4,in some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the deaths the recoveries2 in calculating the per-centages1 the aggregate of the deaths and recoveries 7,d4 ,r47 were in these instances regarded as the number of admissions4 ,in instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach #ajj per cent41 the observations have been very few4 ,o4 ,,kaffraria4 ,,king ,,william',s ,,town ,,hospitals4 ,proportion of ,proportion of ,proportion of ,deaths from ,admissions ,deaths from each ,cause to from each each ,cause to ---- #ajj ,admissions ,cause to #ajj #ajj ,deaths from from each ,admissions all ,causes4 ,cause4 from all ,causes4 ,m4 and ,f4 ,m4 and ,f4 ,m4 and ,f4 ,all causes #bah #ajjj #ajjj ,variola -- -- -- ,dysenteria #ajj #abh #f ,diarrha -- #ci -- ,cholera biliosa or -- -- -- ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers -- -- -- ,continued fevers -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or -- -- -- ,rheumatismus chronicus ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #gjf #bah #gjf ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system -- -- -- ,chest diseases #ejj #ea #aag ,liver diseases -- -- -- ,other diseases #de #efd #aag ,,note4,the deaths-recoveries have been taken as the admissions in making these calculations4 #dd ,p4 ,,natal4 ,d',,urban ,,hospital ,,and ,,grey',s ,,hospital4 ,of the ,admissions into ,hospitals1 the ,proportion per ,cent4 who died and who recovered during ,five ,years1 #ahee-ahfj4 ,table ,p1 ,part #a ,all ,ages4 ,under #e ,years4 #e and under #ae ,years4 ---- ,died in ,died in ,died in ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #abh #ff #gig #gcc #ajjj -- -- -- #bee -- #gej -- ,variola -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,dysenteria #ia #ajjj #iji -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,diarrha -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,periodic fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,continued fevers #ccc -- #ffg -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system -- -- #gjj #bej -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,chest diseases -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,liver diseases -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,table ,p1 ,part #b #ae and under #dj ,years4 #dj and upwards4 ---- ,died in ,died in ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #aaj -- #haa #ghf #ajjj #ajjj -- -- ,variola -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,dysenteria #ia -- #iji -- -- #ajjj -- -- ,diarrha -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,periodic fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,continued fevers #ccc -- #ffg -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system -- -- #gjj #bej -- -- -- -- ,chest diseases -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- ,liver diseases -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,,note4,in some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the deaths the recoveries2 in calculating the per-centages1 the aggregate of the deaths and recoveries 7,d4 ,r47 were in these instances regarded as the number of admissions4 ,in instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach #ajj per cent41 the observations have been very few4 #de ,q4 ,,natal4 ,d',,urban ,,hospital ,,and ,,grey',s ,,hospital4 ,proportion of ,proportion of ,proportion of ,deaths from each ,admissions from ,deaths from each ,cause to #ajj each ,cause to #ajj ,cause to #ajj ---- ,admissions from ,admissions ,deaths from all each ,cause4 from all ,causes4 ,causes4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,all causes #abh #ff #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj ,variola -- -- -- -- -- -- ,dysenteria #ia #ajjj #ij #hc #fj #ajjj ,diarrha -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera biliosa or -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- ,continued fevers -- -- #agj -- #daa -- ,rheumatismus acutus or -- -- #cb -- -- -- ,rheumatismus chronicus ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #ajjj -- #h -- -- -- ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system -- -- #eg #hc -- -- ,chest diseases -- -- #cc -- -- -- ,liver diseases -- -- -- -- -- -- ,other diseases #abj -- #faj #hcd #ebi -- ,,note,the deaths recoveries have been taken as the admissions in making these calculations4 ,in instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach #ajj per cent4 the observations have been very few4 #df ,r4 ,,south ,,australia4 ,,poonindie ,,native ,,training ,,institution4 ,of the ,admissions into ,hospital1 the ,proportion per ,cent4 who died and who recovered1 during the #d #c_/d ,years1 #ahef-fj4 ,table ,r1 ,part #a ,all ,ages4 ,under #e ,years4 #e and under #ae ,years4 ,died in ,recovered4 ,died in ,recovered4 ,died in ,recovered4 ---- ,hospital4 ,hospital4 ,hospital4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #aei #cji #hda #fia #ejj #ddd #ejj #eef -- #cge #ajjj #fbe ,variola -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,dysenteria -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,diarrha -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera biliosa or -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,continued fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus chronicus ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #gjj #hab #cjj #ahh -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj -- -- ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,chest diseases -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,liver diseases -- -- #ajjj #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,table ,r1 ,part #b #ae and under #dj ,years4 #dj and upwards4 ,died in ,recovered4 ,died in ,recovered4 ---- ,hospital4 ,hospital4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #age #bge #hbe #gbe -- -- -- -- ,variola -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,dysenteria -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,diarrha -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera biliosa or -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,continued fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus chronicus ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #gjj #ggj #cjj #bcj -- -- -- -- ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,chest diseases -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- ,liver diseases -- -- #ajjj #ajjj -- -- -- -- ,,note4,in some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the deaths the recoveries2 in calculating the per-centages1 the aggregate of the deaths and recoveries 7,d4 ,r47 were in these instances regarded as the number of admissions4 ,in instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach #ajj per cent1 the observations have been very few4 #dg ,s4 ,,south ,,australia4 ,,poonindie ,,native ,,training ,,institution4 ,proportion of ,proportion of ,proportion of ,deaths from each ,admissions from ,deaths from each ,cause to #ajj each ,cause to #ajj ,cause to #ajj ---- ,admissions from ,admissions ,deaths from all each cause4 from all causes4 ,causes4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,all ages #aei #cji #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj ,variola -- -- -- -- -- -- ,dysenteria -- -- -- -- -- -- ,diarrha -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera biliosa or -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- ,continued fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or -- -- #da -- -- -- ,rheumatismus chronicus ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #gjj #hab #aei #bce #fif #fai ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #ajjj -- #ba -- #acj -- ,chest diseases -- -- #cd -- -- -- ,liver diseases -- -- #bh #ae -- -- ,other diseases #ch -- #gag #gej #agd #cha ,,note4,the deaths recoveries have been taken as the admissions in making these calculations4 ,in instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach #ajj per cent4 the observations have been very few4 #dh ,t4 ,,mauritius4 ,,civil ,,hospital1 ,,port ,,louis4 ,of the ,admissions into ,hospital1 the ,proportion per ,cent4 who died and who recovered1 during the ,six ,years1 #ahee-fj4 ,table ,t1 ,part #a ,all ,ages4 ,under #e ,years4 #e and under #ae years4 ---- ,died in ,died in ,died in ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #bac #chh #ghg #fab #dbe #cfd #ege #fcf #bfb #bgg #gch #gbc ,variola -- -- #ajjj #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,influenza #cad #bjj #fhf #hjj #ajjj -- -- -- #ccc -- #ffg #ajjj ,ophthalmia #ec #afg #idg #hcc -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj #ajjj -- ,dysenteria #djg #gej #eic #bej #gad #ajjj #bhf -- #ddd -- #eef #ajjj ,diarrha #cgg #fag #fbc #chc #ech #djj #dfb #fjj #ebb #ejj #dgh #ejj ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica #fbj #fcf #chj #cfd #ajjj -- -- -- #faf #ccc #chd #ffg ,periodic fevers #bej -- #bej -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,continued fevers #adf #bgh #hed #gbb -- -- #ajjj -- #gi -- #iba #ajjj ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus #aai #ccc #hha #ffg -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj -- ,syphilitic diseases #dc #afg #ieg #hcc -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj #ajjj ,anasarca #eie #fjf #dje #cid #ejj -- #ejj #ajjj #bad #ejj #ghf #ejj ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #ega #gbg #dbi #bgc -- -- -- -- #djj -- #fjj -- ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #cfi #bfg #fca #gcc -- -- -- -- #gad -- #bhf -- ,chest diseases #bib #ejj #gjh #ejj -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj -- ,fractura #bdj #acf #gfj #hfd -- -- -- #ajjj #bgc -- #gbg #ajjj ,liver diseases #caf -- #fhd #ajjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,table ,t1 ,part #b #ae and under #dj ,years4 #dj and upwards4 ---- ,died in ,died in ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #ahd #cfc #haf #fcg #chg #fai #fac #cha ,variola -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- #ajj4j -- ,influenza #beg #ejj #gdc #ejj #dfd -- #ecf #ajjj ,ophthalmia #ed -- #idf #ajjj #ef -- #idd -- ,dysenteria #cfc #gad #fcg #bhf #eff #ajjj #dcd -- ,diarrha #cdb #fdf #feh #ced #eeh #ega #ddb #dbi ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica #egc #fdg #dbg #cec #hdj #ajjj #afj -- ,periodic fevers #bgc -- #gbg -- -- -- #ajjj -- ,continued fevers #aca #bij #hfi #gaj #cba #ejj #fgi #ejj ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus #ih #bib #ijb #gjh #bde #ejj #gee #ejj ,syphilitic diseases #cg #age #ifc #hbe #aba -- #hgi -- ,anasarca #eib #fji #djh #cia #fga #ajjj #cbi -- ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #ede #ffg #dee #ccc #gaj #ajjj #bij -- ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #cab #ajj #fhh #ijj #dgi #fjj #eba #djj ,chest diseases #bdg #ejj #gec #ejj #dej #ejj #eej #ejj ,fractura #bbe #ccc #gge #ffg #cjb -- #fih #ajjj ,liver diseases #bgg -- #gbc #ajjj #ejj -- #ejj -- ,,note4,in some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the deaths the recoveries2 in calculating the per-centages the aggregate of the deaths and recoveries 7,d4 ,r47 were in these instances regarded as the number of admissions4 #di ,u4 ,,mauritius4 ,,civil ,,hospital1 ,,port ,,louis4 ,proportion of ,proportion of ,proportion of ,deaths from each ,admissions from ,deaths from each ---- ,cause to #ajj each ,cause to #ajj ,cause to #ajj ,admissions from ,admissions from ,deaths from all each ,cause4 all ,causes4 ,causes4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,all ,causes #bac #chh #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj ,variola -- -- #a -- -- -- ,dysenteria #djg #gej #eg #fd #aji #abd ,diarrha #cgg #fag #aja #ade #ahj #bcj ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica #fbj #fcf #dc #ci #abe #fe ,periodic fevers #bej -- #a -- #a -- ,continued fevers #adf #bgh #abg #fd #hh #df ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus #aai #ccc #hc #aa #df #ad ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #ega #gbg #cc #ba #hg #cg ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #cfi #bfg #ce #bg #fa #ai ,chest diseases #bib #ejj #bg #ad #cf #ah ,liver diseases #caf -- #e #c #g -- ,other diseases #aad #bhd #dhg #fab #bfj #ddg ,,note4,the deaths recoveries have been taken as the admissions in making these calculations4 #ej ,v4 ,,singhalese ,,hospitals4 ,,colombo ,,and ,,malabar4 ,of the ,admissions into ,hospitals1 the ,proportion per ,cent4 who died and who recovered1 during ,four ,years1 #ahee-ei4 ,table ,v1 ,part #a ,all ,ages4 ,under #e ,years4 #e and under #ae ,years4 ---- ,died in ,died in ,died in ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #bjg #aha #hdj #hjd #fa #ff #ici #icd #agc #ajf #hbg #hhc ,variola #aab #ii #hhh #ija #ajj #fg #ijj #icc #dc #db #ieg #ieh ,dysenteria #dij #eda #eaj #dei -- #bej #ajjj #gej #djh #cha #eib #fai ,diarrha #cji #ebc #fhe #dgg #bjj #bjj #hjj #hjj #fbe #bfg #cge #gcc ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica #def #gjj #edd #cjj -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,periodic fevers #ag #jh #ihc #iib #bi -- #igb #ajjj -- -- #ajjj #ajjj ,continued fevers #bc -- #igg #ajjj -- -- -- -- #ccd -- #fff -- ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus #bj #ai #ihb #iha -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj -- ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #aeb #bid #hdh #gjf -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj -- ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #abf #abf #gfc #ehf -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj #ccc ,chest diseases #bjg #bdb #gic #gbg -- -- -- #ajjj -- -- -- -- ,liver diseases #abj #ccc #hhj #ffg -- -- -- -- -- -- #ajjj -- ,table ,v1 ,part #b #ae and under #dj ,years4 #dj and upwards4 ---- ,died in ,died in ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #abi #agj #hff #hah #bef #bdh #gdd #gbf ,variola #acj #gi #hgj #iba #adc #bfe #heg #gce ,dysenteria #dcc #eah #efg #dhb #fbi #fbf #cga #cgd ,diarrha #bec #edb #gdg #deh #dge #egd #dhe #dbf ,cholera biliosa or ,cholera spasmodica #dfj #ega #edj #dbi #djj #ajjj #fjj -- ,periodic fevers #ad #ae #ihf #ihe #cf -- #ifd #ajjj ,continued fevers #ah -- #ihb #ajjj #bd -- #igf #ajjj ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus #bj #cj #ihj #igj #ba -- #igi #ajjj ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #adc #ccc #heg #ffg #ahh -- #hab #ajjj ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #hc #ha #hce #fgf #bjj #bjf #fbi #dda ,chest diseases #adg #bfc #hec #gcg #cej #bca #fej #fib ,liver diseases #gd #ejj #ibf #ejj #ahb -- #hah #ajjj ,,note4,in some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the deaths the recoveries2 in calculating the per-centages1 the aggregate of the deaths and recoveries 7,d4 ,r47 were in these instances regarded as the number of admissions4 #ea ,w4 ,,colombo ,,and ,,malabar4 ,,singhalese ,,hospitals4 ,proportion of ,proportion of ,proportion of ,deaths from each ,admissions from ,deaths from each ,cause to #ajj each ,cause to #ajj ,cause to #ajj ---- ,admissions from ,admissions from ,deaths from all each ,cause4 all ,causes4 ,causes4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,all causes #bjg #aha #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj ,variola #aab #ii #aa #he #h #df ,dysenteria #dij #eda #adb #ajb #dcf #cja ,diarrha #cji #ebc #hb #gh #afa #bbc ,cholera biliosa or #def #gjj #d #e #i #bj ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers #ag #h #bjc #afj #ba #g ,continued fevers #bc -- #ac #b #b -- ,rheumatismus acutus or #bj #ai #dh #dc #f #d ,rheumatismus chronicus ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #aeb #bid #g #g #g #aa ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #abf #abf #af #cb #ae #ca ,chest diseases #bjg #bdb #aj #ac #ac #ag ,liver diseases #abj #ccc #c #a #b #b ,other diseases #aaj #acb #dfa #dgb #cbj #cch ,,note4,the deaths recoveries have been taken as the admissions in making these calculations4 #eb ,x4 ,,canadian ,,hospitals4 ,,manitowaning ,,and ,,tuscarora4 ,of the ,admissions into ,hospitals1 the ,proportion per ,cent4 who died and who recovered1 during ,five ,years1 #ahee-fj4 ,table ,x1 ,part #a ,all ,ages4 ,under #e ,years4 #e and under #ae ,years4 ---- ,died in ,died in ,died in ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #abc #adj #hgg #gce #ie #abf #ije #gbf #gg #abc #ibc #hbb ,variola -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,dysenteria #abe -- #hge #ajjj -- -- #ajjj #ajjj -- -- -- -- ,diarrha #ajb #ahf #hih #had #aaa #aib #hhi #hjh #aaa #cge #hhi #fbe ,cholera biliosa or -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers #fb #ej #ich #hgg #fbe #bej #cge #cef -- -- #ajjj #ajjj ,continued fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or -- #adc #ajjj #heg -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus chronicus ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #icf #gib #fd #bjh -- -- -- -- #ajjj #ajjj -- -- ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #de #af #aji #dhd -- -- #ajjj #ee -- -- #ajjj #ccc ,chest diseases #ccj #dbi #fgj #ega -- #gej -- #bej -- -- -- -- ,liver diseases -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,table ,x1 ,part #b #ae and under #dj years4 #dj and upwards4 ---- ,died in ,died in ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,hospital4 ,recovered4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,all diseases #afb #aca #hch #gfc #abd #ahd #ggf #ehh ,variola -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,dysenteria #ejj -- #ejj -- -- -- -- -- ,diarrha -- -- #ajjj #ajjj -- -- -- -- ,cholera biliosa or -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers -- -- #ajjj #ajjj -- -- #ajjj -- ,continued fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or -- -- #ajjj #ajjj -- #bfg #ajjj #gcc ,rheumatismus chronicus ,scrofula or ,phthisis or #iba #gjf #gi #bid -- #ajjj -- -- ,hmoptysis ,brain and nervous system #acc #afg #hfg #hcc -- -- #fgg #dbc ,chest diseases #bid #cha #gjf #fai #cea #dba #fdi #egi ,liver diseases -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,,note4,in some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the deaths the recoveries2 in calculating the per-centages the aggregate of the deaths and recoveries 7,d4 ,r47 were in these instances regarded as the number of admissions4 ,in instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach #ajj per cent4 the observations have been very few4 #ec ,y4 ,,canadian ,,hospitals4 ,,manitowaning ,,and ,,tuscarora4 ,proportion of ,proportion of ,proportion of ,deaths from each ,admissions from ,deaths from each ,cause to #ajj each ,cause to #ajj ,cause to #ajj ---- ,admissions from ,admissions ,deaths each ,cause4 from all ,causes4from all ,causes4 ,males4,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,males4 ,females4 ,all causes #abc #adj #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj #ajjj ,variola -- -- -- -- -- -- ,dysenteria #abe -- #aj #g #aj -- ,diarrha #ajb #ahf #gg #ge #fb #hg ,cholera biliosa or -- -- -- -- -- -- ,cholera spasmodica ,periodic fevers #fb #ej #ajd #acj #ea #dc ,continued fevers -- -- -- -- -- -- ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus -- #adc #di #di -- #dc ,scrofula or ,phthisis or ,hmoptysis #icf #gib #fa #hc #ddi #dac ,brain and nervous system #de #af #fe #eb #bj -- ,chest diseases #ccj #dbi #aah #aji #cjf #bid ,liver diseases -- -- -- -- -- -- ,other diseases #be #ch #eaf #die #ajb #abj ,,note4,the deaths recoveries have been taken as the admissions in making these calculations4 #ed ,,appendix ,,ii4 ,,abstracts of ,,papers relating to the ,,causes of ,,mortality among ,,aboriginal ,,races1 received from the ,,colonial ,,office4 ,,sierra ,,leone4 ,sidenote3 ,see ,tables ,l4 and ,m41 pp4 #ci and #dj4 ,under the head of 8,all other ,diseases0 is included one 8lethargus10 a disease which1 as far as ,i am aware1 is altogether confined to the native population1 8more particularly to the ,kossohs and ,congos tribes40 ,it is not restricted to any particular period of life1 as old and young are equally liable to it4 ,it is purely a disease of the brain and nervous system1 generally fatal1 except when seen in the very early stages4 ,as it is generally met with1 the patient sleeps continually1 even when standing up1 and becomes perfectly incapable of any exertion2 the sufferer will even fall asleep while being fed4 ,i have seen them last in this state for months1 and gradually die of inanition from want of a sufficiency of food to support life4 ,i have tried all kinds of treatment1 but cannot recommend any more likely to be beneficial than a prolonged slight salivation1 if you can meet the case in the inflammatory stage or that previous to the sleeping state just alluded to4 ,this and leprosy are the only diseases met with here from which the ,european is exempt4 ,,robt4 ,,bradshaw1 ,l4,k4 ,q4,c4,p4,i4 ,colonial ,surgeon4 ,freetown1 ,sierra ,leone4 ,,natal4 ,special ,remarks4,of seven of the eight cases of syphilis 7native71 ,hottentots were the subjects4 ,here1 as elsewhere1 they copy ,european vices very readily4 ,the ,kafirs adhere to their own vices1 but are more slow in copying ,european manners and habits1 good or evil4 ,i have met with one decided case of scrofula among the ,zulus1 and one only4 ,the ages of infants are reckoned by moons1 but adult ,kafirs 7as the rule7 do not know how old they are2 the ages given are therefore only surmised1 and cannot be depended on4 ,the tendency of disease among the ,kafirs is to collapse and paralysis4 ,no year goes round without deaths from cold and wet1 which they bear less well than ,european settlers4 ,they are apt to sink under any serious form of disease4 ,flesh wounds heal well1 causing less constitutional disturbance than among ,europeans1 but fractured bones do not so soon re-unite4 ,i have found lime water1 a pint or more given daily1 promote their union4 ,lime is scarce here1 and the shells of eggs are correspondingly thin4 ,lung disease is more frequent among natives than white settlers1 unless the latter bring the seeds of disease with them2 but ,i doubt whether it is true phthisis4 ,i suspect that the lungs of both natives and settlers are more liable to become hepatized or otherwise disorganized than tuberculated4 ,in examining the lungs of cattle who have died of lung sickness1 ,i have found large portions of lung degenerated into an impervious muscle-like substance resembling beef1 while in other portions the disease has shown itself to be of so anemic a character as to have proceeded without much pause to suppuration4 ,i believe that in this climate1 subjects of phthisis1 who had only small tubercles in their lungs1 would find their further development arrested2 indeed this has been1 in many cases1 proved to have occurred4 ,the lung disease1 called lung sickness1 in cattle1 does not1 with regard to the organ attacked1 affect human beings1 but the tendency of the present race of mankind is to anemic rather than acutely inflammatory diseases4 ,the most destructive modern diseases1 influenza1 cholera1 and diphtheria1 are of an anemic character2 other diseases are now1 more than formerly1 inclined to assume this character4 ,it is not that medicine and doctors1 but that human constitutions1 vary4 ,the rule laid down by ,pinel that bleeding confirms mania is good now2 but #ej or #gj years ago1 as1 perhaps1 #ej or #gj years hence1 more exceptional cases did and may again occur than are at present met with4 #ee ,sidenote3 ,vide ,tables ,p4 and ,q41 pp4 #dd and #de4 ,the mortality from fever will be seen to have been great2 but of the seven deaths recorded1 six came into the hospital in a dying state4 ,one1 admitted ,november #beth1 died five hours after admission2 another1 admitted at noon1 ,december #aath1 died at half-past four a4m4 next morning2 another1 admitted on the #eth1 died on the #fth2 another1 admitted on ,september #aith1 died on the #bjth2 other two rallied by the administration of wine1 sago1 c41 but died from two to five days after admission1 again sinking4 ,they received shelter and attention1 and had what chance there was of recovery2 and some others1 beyond all reasonable expectation1 recovered4 ,the number of ,kafir and druggist-doctored patients thrown upon my hands in a moribund state is great4 ,of the cases of fever that ,i attended throughout1 most did well4 ,the hospital has been occupied somewhat more than three years and a half1 but ,i have held office as district surgeon in the service of ,government eight years and a half1 and ,i speak of my experience during the whole term of such service4 ,in giving names to complaints1 ,i have not set down diarrha or even tnia1 of which many instances have occurred1 but these instances have been incidental or symptomatic4 ,tnia has been discovered and treated in cases of patients who had wounds1 c41 and this frequently4 ,there is no complaint so generally prevalent among both natives and settlers4 ,the tapeworm of ,south ,africa is about two-fifths in width narrower than that of ,europe4 ,the most effective treatment has been #a #a_/b oz4 sp4 terebinth1 early in the morning1 and one drop of croton oil1 or a dose of other aperient medicine1 four or five hours after1 nisi prius soluta sit alvus4 ,a less dose than #a #a_/b oz4 more disturbs the system than this quantity1 and fails to act4 ,i procured some ethereal extract of male fern in one case1 of which ,i gave one scruple early in the morning1 and a black draught some hours after4 ,it caused no nausea or other apparent constitutional disturbance1 and a piece of tapeworm was expelled1 still alive1 which measured #bb feet long4 ,turpentine generally expels them dead4 ,the ,english assumed as #a in width1 the ,south ,african #jf4 ,the fracture that ended fatally was a compound fracture of the left thigh1 and compound comminuted fracture of the tibia and fibula of the right leg1 from a waggon accident4 ,he sunk at the end of two days1 never rallying from the shock to his system1 and refusing to submit to the not very hopeful operation of amputation of the more seriously injured limb4 ,i have had two cases of injury among the aborigines in which amputation was necessary1 one a little above the ancle1 the other four inches above the knee4 ,in the latter case the leg had been torn off by the machinery of a flour mill1 the knee stripped of its integuments1 and the muscles above the knee stretched and contused1 so that ,i felt myself obliged to operate high up1 lest a second amputation should become requisite4 ,the case occurred a few months ago4 ,both cases did well4 ,i have represented my wish in both cases that an artificial leg and foot should be sent for to ,england1 as it would be a convenience to the parties1 and also have a good sanitary and social effect upon the natives4 ,the cost of the cork or other artificial two legs1 black imitation toes inclusive1 would not1 ,i should think1 exceed #cjl4 ,their aversion to operations necessary to save life would thus be in some measure overcome or lessened4 ,the natives who have become ,christians evince some of the uncomfortableness and maladroitness that are incidental to a state of transition1 but1 perhaps1 less than might have been expected4 ,the premises ,i go upon are1 perhaps1 scanty and insufficient1 but ,i am inclined to think that among ,christian ,kafirs more children die in infancy than among the unchristianized natives4 ,this is not to be depended upon1 nor can ,i1 generally speaking1 say much that is definite upon the subject of physical or other differences between ,christian and other natives4 ,the natives hitherto1 as the rule1 have not shown the appetence for alcohol which the ,north ,american ,indians so early1 and so fatally for themselves1 acquired4 ,there are cases of elephantiasis among them2 they are subject to skin diseases4 ,these and other trifling diseases or cases of injury seldom appear at the hospital1 or only as accompaniments of injury or other disease4 ,prior to the completion and occupation of ,grey's hospital1 a row of cottages was rented as a hospital2 prior to this the gaol and hospital were under one roof4 ,,samuel ,,gower1 ,m4,r4,c4,s4 ,engl41 c4 #ef ,change of ,diet and irregular ,habits4,there is one very striking difference between the semi-civilized native and the one fresh from his original habits and mode of life4 ,the one is more subject to inflammatory diseases than the other1 from which the former does not so readily recover as the latter4 ,wounds and injuries of a very serious character readily admit of reparation2 for instance1 a native falls on a stake1 which penetrated 7by the side of the 8sphincter ani07 the bladder2 he walked #aj miles1 and arrived at hospital with a pendulous coagulum at the mouth of the urethra4 ,the catheter was used2 urine and blood escaped1 and continued to flow for a day or two2 in a week he returned home quite well4 ,civilization increases the proneness to ,disease and the facility to succumb to its ,power4,skin diseases are more prevalent among the natives than the settlers4 ,phthisis carries off a great number2 exposure to extremes is the cause4 ,the subject requires to be treated at full length4 ,,ed4 ,w4 ,,holland1 ,m4,r4,c4,s4 ,,melbourne4 ,,victoria4 ,sidenote3 ,vide ,return1 p4 #fj4 ,mr4 ,thomas1 who has for #bj years been the guardian of the tribes contiguous to ,melbourne1 furnishes a statement1 showing during that period #baj deaths as compared with #bh births1 and1 as he adds in a note1 that of the children born most died before the first month was over1 it cannot be expected that these tribes1 now reduced to only #ce individuals in all1 will be long in existence4 ,making every allowance1 indeed1 for the effects of ,european vices1 and especially of intemperance1 by which quarrels are fomented1 and exposure to cold and damp and disease produced1 there is1 it must be confessed1 something mysterious in that deterioration of the savage which succeeds the introduction of civilization1--and which can hardly be more forcibly described than in the language of the old man quoted by ,mr4 ,goodwin18before white fellow came1 black fellow could run like emu1 but now supposing big one run1 then big one tired1 and plenty heart jump about40 ,physical prostration1 in fact1 seems to follow the attempt to imitate the customs of civilized society2 and1 as ,i had abundant opportunity of observing in ,british ,guiana among the ,indians1 the wearing of clothes and adoption of a more settled mode of life detracts from skill in hunting or fishing without imparting sufficient knowledge of or taste for agricultural pursuits to afford a livelihood in exchange4 ,,henry ,,barkly4 #a4 ,although the aborigines of this colony are liable to the usual diseases of ,europeans1 ,i invariably found years back that they seldom had the common diseases1 as rheumatism1 c41 c41 to the extent ,europeans have4 ,yet ,i may state1 that eight-tenths of the mortality amongst the aborigines of ,victoria arises through intemperance1 bringing on pulmonary disorders1 pleurisy1 pneumonia1 disorders of the chest1 consumption1 c41 which carries them off so speedily that the ablest medical treatment1 when available1 seldom saves them4 ,i may safely state that when their respiratory organs are once affected recovery becomes hopeless4 ,i have witnessed this so invariably within the last #aj years1 as to look forward for death as soon as they are afflicted in the chest4 #b4 ,the aborigines1 however1 were not so affected in their respiratory organs years back as at present2 they have only been carried off so precipitately since they have become slaves to intoxicating liquors4 ,i have known blacks1 years back1 to labour under diseases of the lungs for nine or more months1 but now seldom so many weeks1 and often not so many days4 #c4 ,there is a peculiarity even in their pulmonary disorders to the ,european2 there is not that straining distressing coughing which ,europeans labour under2 the phlegm comes free without much exertion and pain to the invalid1 but accompanied with blood4 #d4 ,wounds of whatever kind which do not affect a vital part are more readily cured than in white people4 ,i have seen most desperate wounds inflicted by their weapons1 that would have kept ,europeans for months invalids1 healed in an incredibly short time1 and to the astonishment of medical men4 ,wounds1 whether by accident or otherwise1 are immediately attended to by their doctors2 if in the fleshy part of the body1 they suck the blood from the wound1 and continue sucking it till blood ceases to be extracted4 ,if little blood comes from #eg the wound they know all is not right1 and will put the patient to pain by probing the wound with their lancet 7a sharp bone71 or place the body or limb in that position as to compress the opposite part to force blood4 ,they know well the consequences of stagnant blood or matter1 especially in the upper parts of the body4 ,when the wound is thoroughly cleansed they leave the rest to nature1 clap a lump of pidgerong 7a kind of wax oozing from trees7 on the wound2 should there follow a gathering1 they open the wound afresh1 and see all right1 and again cover it over with the pidgerong or gum4 #e4 ,rheumatism4,their general remedy is friction4 ,if very severe about legs or thighs1 the doctor gets a good mound prepared of ashes1 excavating the ground #ah inches1 made solely from bark1 which never has any grit1 but mere ash4 ,if lumbago1 the patient is laid on his stomach1 the doctor rubs most unmercifully the hot ashes on the part affected1 as a butcher would in salting meat2 if in thighs or legs1 the patient's feet are put into the mound of heated ashes1 about half way up his legs1 where he sits whilst the doctor is rubbing the hot ashes on the parts affected4 ,during this process the doctor is incantating1 blowing occasionally a portion of dust into the air with a hissing noise4 ,when sufficiently operated upon1 the invalid is wrapped up in his blanket4 #f4 ,boils4,the blacks treat boils and swellings thus3--,when hard1 they lotion the part well with decoction of wattle bark2 when obstinate1 they boil wild marshmallow1 and poultice2 if the tumour softens and does not break1 they apply their sharp bone lancet4 #g4 ,eruptions on the ,skin4,the aborigines are deeply afflicted with a disorder called by them bubberum1 white men call it itch1 but it is in no way like it2 it appears as a raised dark scab1 and spreads1 joining each other1 till it in severe cases covers almost all the lower extremities4 ,it seldom affects the head or upper parts1 but ,i have known it almost cover the thighs and downwards1 so as to cause them much difficulty in moving about4 ,their native cure for this distemper is to grease the parts affected every night and morning with wheerup 7a red ochre7 mixed with a decoction of wattle bark4 ,i knew one instance of this disease becoming most distressing to a white man in a respectable position who was continually cohabiting with black lubras4 #h4 ,on ,burns4,through their imprudence and carelessness they often get severe burns1 which they cure by dabbing the parts over with melted fat1 afterwards dash the parts affected over with a pulp made of oppossum fur and dust of the wheerup4 #i4 ,on ,dysentery4,the aborigines of ,australia are very subject to dysentery1 but not to the fatal extent as ,europeans2 their remedy of this disorder is drinking plentifully a decoction of wattle bark and eating gum through the day1 and pills night and morning made by themselves of wattle bark and gum4 #aj4 ,pains in the ,head1 ,bilious1 c4,if of long standing1 the patient is compelled to lie on the back2 the native doctor puts his foot on the patient's head above his neck as long as the patient can bear it1 till water literally gushes from the patient's eyes4 ,however rough this treatment1 ,i have known this operation to give relief1 and the patient cured4 #aa4 ,disorders of the ,lungs1 ,spitting of ,blood1 c4,the blacks study much the colour of the spittle in those affected in the lungs1 and know well its stages4 ,when the patient begins to spit blood1 there is much attention paid to him2 should this increase1 which generally is the case1 the native doctors have a consultation4 ,when once the black doctors hold a consultation1 they will not let the patient take any more medicine from the whites4 ,the invalid is laid down on his back1 is held firm by three or more blacks1 whilst the native doctor keeps continually pressing with his feet1 even to jump1 on the patient's belly4 ,i need scarcely state that this cruel practice brings on premature death4 #ab4 ,venereal ,disease4,though this disease in the first instance must have been contracted from the whites1 the native doctors have prescribed a cure1 which1 though simple1 ,i have found efficacious4 ,they boil the wattle bark till it becomes very strong2 they use it as a lotion to the parts affected4 ,i can state here from my own personal knowledge of three ,golburn blacks having this disease so deeply rooted in them1 that the then colonial surgeon1 ,dr4 ,cousin1 on examining them said life would not be saved unless they entered into the hospital1 and an operation performed1 which they would not consent to4 ,after #ah months these three blacks returned to ,melbourne among the tribes 7two #eh were young1 the other middle aged17 perfectly cured1 and the blacks assured me they had used only the wattle bark lotion4 ,dr4 ,wilmot1 our late coroner1 also saw these three blacks whilst in this state and after their soundness1 and in his report upon the aborigines stated 8however violent this disease may appear among aborigines1 that it could not enter into their system as it did in ,european constitutions40 #ac4 ,in the aboriginal primitive state in times of sickness1 as influenza or other diseases prevalent1 they invariably carried fire about with them wherever they went2 this was of bark only2 a thick bark1 which they provided for the day's journey4 #ad4 ,fevers4,the aboriginal doctors' treatment in fevers is strictly the cold water system2 no matter what kind of fever it may be1 cold water is the remedy1 accompanied with prohibition of animal food4 ,the doctors have a quantity of water by them1 fill their mouths full1 spurt it from the mouth over the whole of the patient's body1 back and front1 and for a considerable time to the navel1 then with their hands throw it over the face and breast2 then lay the patient on the back1 breathe and blow at the navel1 incantating continually while operating4 ,if the patient be young1 the doctor will carry him1 and plunge him or her into the creek or river4 ,the adult patients will voluntarily1 by the assistance of their friends1 plunge themselves in three or four times a day4 ,the blacks obstinately persist in this mode of treatment1 although they find generally death is the result4 ,i was not a little surprised to find many years back that this also was the mode of treatment among the natives of the ,south ,sea ,islands4 ,as soon as fever attacked them1 they crept to the banks of the ,yarra1 and plunged themselves in three or more times a day1 as the aboriginals of ,australia4 ,i was called to witness their habits when a party of them were enticed over by the late ,mr4 ,boyd2 they were located at ,mr4 ,fennel's 7,mr4 ,boyd's agent7 by the banks of the ,yarra4 #ae4 ,i attach to this report on the diseases of the aborigines the opinions of #bi gentlemen1 situated in various parts of the colony1 who one and all bear testimony to the awful mortality amongst them4 ,names4 ,diseases4 ,mr4 ,orr ,intemperance and venereal4 ,lane ,scorbutic4 ,templeton ,intemperance and venereal4 ,sherard ,intemperance and exposure4 ,shuter ,consumption and decline4 ,wilson ,intemperance and exposure4 ,feskin ,bronchitis1 pericarditis1 psoriasis1 and intemperance4 ,mc,leod ,intemperance and exposure4 ,ormond ,consumption1 venereal1 and intemperance4 ,cook ,syphilis4 ,aitkin ,liver complaints2 intemperance2 rheumatism4 ,skene ,syphilis1 consumption1 and rheumatism4 ,beveridge ,pulmonary consumption and venereal4 ,allen ,influenza4 ,craig ,influenza1 consumption1 and intemperance4 ,gilles ,intemperance4 ,strutt ,intemperance and violence4 ,j4 ,m4 ,allan ,influenza2 inflammation of lungs2 venereal4 ,godfrey ,drunkenness2 consumption2 venereal4 ,gottreux ,bronchitis2 affection of the chest4 ,currie ,pulmonary complaints2 intemperance4 ,lydiard ,syphilis2 intemperance2 rheumatism4 ,stewart ,consumption2 intemperance4 ,mitchell ,pulmonary consumption2 venereal4 ,coake ,consumption and old age4 ,huou ,influenza2 intemperance4 ,wills 7,omeo7 ,intemperance2 gun-shot wounds2 venereal4 ,featherstonhaugh4 ,pulmonary2 venereal4 ,lewes ,atrophy2 influenza4 #ei #af4 ,a return from a public hospital1 ,i deem1 would be a fair criterion for the ,central ,board1 embracing the two points1 mortality and diseases4 ,,return of ,,aboriginal ,,natives admitted into the ,melbourne ,hospital from #ast ,january to #hth ,november to date4 ,,date4 ,,name4 ,,tribe4 ,,disease4 ,,remarks4 ,april #ag ,tommy ,buckley ,gipps' ,ld4 ,burnt back ,discharged1 ,july #bj ,july #d ,maria ,yarra ,pneumonia ,discharged1 ,july #bd ,september #ad ,james ,shaw ,hopkins' ,r4 ,pleurisy2 ,phthisis4 ,died1 ,october #ba ,september #ah ,sandy ,sydney ,pneumonia and ,phthisis4 ,died1 ,september #be ,october #cj ,tommy ,buckley ,gipps' ,ld4 ,pneumonia and ,phthisis4 ,died1 ,november #b ,october #cj ,tommy ,nannering ,yarra ,pneumonia and ,phthisis4 ,died1 ,november #b #d deaths1 and #b discharged4 #fj ,,return showing the ,number of ,aboriginal ,natives who have died in the ,yarra and ,western ,port ,districts from the #ast ,april #ahci to the #cast ,december #ahei1 distinguishing ,sexes1 ,tribes1 c4 ,western ,other ,yarra ,port ,tribes ,,total4 ,grand ---- ,tribe4 ,tribe4 journeying4 ,total4 ,,remarks4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,from #a ,april #ahci to #a ,mar4 #ahdj #d #a #d #c #b #a #aj #e #ae #a murdered4 ,from #a ,mar4 #ahdj to #a ,mar4 #ahda #a -- #a #a #d -- #f #a #g #b murdered2 #a shot himself2 #b shot by authorities2 #a died in jail4 ,from #a ,mar4 #ahda to #a ,mar4 #ahdb #f #c #a #b #e #b #ab #g #ai #b murdered2 #b died of grief2 #a1 after leg amputated2 #b executed4 ,from #a ,mar4 #ahdb to #a ,mar4 #ahdc #d #b #a #a #b -- #g #c #aj #a executed4 ,from #a ,mar4 #ahdc to #a ,mar4 #ahdd #b #e #c #c #b #b #g #aj #ag #a died by violence4 ,from #a ,mar4 #ahdd to #a ,mar4 #ahde #a #a #a #d #c #c #e #h #ac #a murdered2 #a died of wounds4 ,from #a ,mar4 #ahde to #a ,june #ahdf #e #c -- #a #c #a #h #e #ac ,from #a ,june #ahdf to #a ,june #ahdg #a #d #b -- #e -- #h #d #ab #b executed4 ,from #a ,june #ahdg to #a ,june #ahdh -- #d #g #c #b #a #i #h #ag ,from #a ,june #ahdh to #a ,june #ahdi #b #b #c #a #c #b #h #e #ac #a murdered4 ,from #a ,june #ahdi to #ca ,dec4 #ahdi #d #g #b -- #d #e #aj #ab #bb ,from #a ,jan4 #ahej to #ca ,dec4 #ahej #a -- #a #a -- #a #b #b #d #b murdered by ,gipps' ,land blacks4 ,from #a ,jan4 #ahea to #ca ,dec4 #ahea #a -- -- -- -- #a #a #a #b #a speared in drunken fray4 ,from #a ,jan4 #aheb to #ca ,dec4 #aheb #b -- #c #a #e #a #aj #b #ab #e murdered2 #a1 through intemperance4 ,from #a ,jan4 #ahec to #ca ,dec4 #ahec -- -- -- -- #a #a #a #a #b ,from #a ,jan4 #ahed to #ca ,dec4 #ahed #a -- -- #a #b -- #c #a #d #a murdered in drunken row2 #a1 intemperance4 ,from #a ,jan4 #ahee to #ca ,dec4 #ahee -- -- #c #a #b -- #e #a #f #a poisoned while drunk2 #a1 intemperance4 ,from #a ,jan4 #ahef to #ca ,dec4 #ahef -- -- #b #a #c #b #f #b #h #b1 through intemperance2 #a1 supposed poisoned4 ,from #a ,jan4 #aheg to #ca ,dec4 #aheg #a -- #b #a #a -- #d #a #e #a ,murray ,r4 black1 through intemperance4 ,from #a ,jan4 #aheh to #ca ,dec4 #aheh #a -- #a #a -- -- #b #a #c ,from #a ,jan4 #ahei to #ca ,dec4 #ahei #a #a #a -- #c -- #e #a #f #b suddenly intoxicated2 #a1 ,collingwood stockade4 #abi #ha #baj #fa ,,return showing the ,number of ,aboriginal ,natives born in the ,yarra and ,western ,port ,districts from the #ast ,april #ahci to the #cast ,december #ahei4 ,western ,other ,yarra ,port ,tribes ,,total4 ,grand ---- ,tribe4 ,tribe4 journeying4 ,total4 ,,remarks4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,from #a ,apr4 #ahci to #a ,mar4 #ahdj -- #a -- #a -- #a -- #c #c ,it will be apparent from this ,return1 ,from #a ,mar4 #ahdj to #a ,mar4 #ahda -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- #a taken carefully from my journal1 ,from #a ,mar4 #ahda to #a ,mar4 #ahdb -- -- -- -- #a -- #a -- #a that there has been no comparison of ,from #a ,mar4 #ahdb to #a ,mar4 #ahdc #a #a -- -- -- -- #a #a #b births in proportion to deaths4 ,from #a ,mar4 #ahdc to #a ,mar4 #ahdd -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,from #a ,mar4 #ahdd to #a ,mar4 #ahde #a -- -- -- -- -- #a -- #a ,of these children born1 it is ,from #a ,mar4 #ahde to #a ,june #ahdf #b #b -- -- -- -- #b #b #d lamentable that most died before the ,from #a ,june #ahdf to #a ,june #ahdg -- #a -- -- -- -- -- #a #a first month1 or removing from the ,from #a ,june #ahdg to #a ,june #ahdh -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- encampment for a week or two and ,from #a ,june #ahdh to #a ,june #ahdi #a #a -- -- -- #a #a #b #c return childless4 ,from #a ,june #ahdi to #ca ,dec4 #ahdi #a -- -- -- -- #c #a #c #d ,from #a ,june #ahej to #ca ,dec4 #ahei1 #b #c #a #b -- -- #c #e #h ,i have in one line included the last the last #aj years nine years1 as there have been no births from any other tribe in the #aa #ag #bh ,yarra and ,western ,port ,districts4 ,,wm4 ,,thomas1 ,guardian of ,aborigines4 #fb ,,south ,,australia ,having travelled much in ,australia1 ,america1 and the ,west ,indies1 and having also resided on the ,coast of ,africa1 where ,i penetrated a considerable distance into the interior1 traversing the countries between the ,gambia and the ,senegal1 and ascending the former river #fjj miles1 ,i was consequently frequently brought into contact with numerous aboriginal tribes of very different characters and descent1 and under varying physical and external circumstances4 ,i have1 however1 never seen natives whose general habits and physical conformation impressed me so completely with the idea of a perishable and doomed race as the aborigines of the southern portion of this continent4 ,i may add that as ,i almost always find it necessary to release native prisoners before the expiration of their sentences1 because death is apt to ensue from any prolonged confinement1 ,i cannot but think that even the partial confinement in schools injuriously affects the native constitution1 so nearly do they approximate to the lower animal creation4 ,,richard ,,graves ,,macdonnell1 ,governor4 ,adelaide1 ,nov4 #bc1 #ahfj4 ,the aboriginies of this colony 7,south ,australia7 have not a very wide range of disease from which they suffer4 ,i have never seen a case of small-pox1 scarlet fever1 measles1 or hooping cough1 and ,i was officially connected with them for #ah years4 ,fever occurs1 but not frequently1 as they have no confined badly ventilated dwellings4 ,diarrha and dysentery make their appearance in the hot weather1 and from five to ten per cent4 of the cases prove fatal2 these attacks occur most frequently during dentition1 as with the ,europeans4 ,the brain and nervous system are seldom attacked primarily4 ,in their native state they indulge in no stimulants1 and are not guilty of overtaxing their mental powers4 ,consumption is common amongst them2 and in every death that ,i have seen in the school children1 there have been tubercular deposits in the lungs4 ,the same occurs in the adults who have been six months and upwards confined in gaol2 in fact1 they cannot survive confinement in a prison beyond two years4 ,confine them two years and they will waste and die in a few months after liberation4 ,the most fatal disease that has come under my notice is the venereal1 contracted by contact with the ,europeans4 ,males and females suffer alike from it1 and die generally of secondary effects4 ,as a race the aborigines are dying off and disappearing before a more highly civilized people1 and must eventually disappear altogether4 ,the venereal disease on the one hand1 and the fact that the women are apt to become prostitutes1 and in consequence cease to bear children1 on the other1 are reducing them at a very rapid rate4 ,m4 ,,moorhouse1 ,late ,protector of ,aborigines4 ,it is universally admitted that they are fast decreasing in number1 and the cause of this decrease is attributed by most witnesses to their partial assumption of semi-civilized habits2 where formerly they clothed themselves with the skins of animals taken in the chase1 contact with ,europeans has so changed their habits that they now1 in a great measure1 depend upon the scanty dole of blankets issued by the ,government1 which supplies1 it appears from evidence1 have been most irregular4 ,great suffering has been occasioned1 especially among the aged and infirm natives1 by the insufficient and ill-timed supplies1 both of blankets and provisions4 ,disease appears to be induced by this partial and irregular clothing2 pulmonary complaints prevailed to a fearful extent during last winter1 aggravated by1 if not entirely attributable to1 this cause4 ,this decrease in their numbers is attributable to many causes3 #ast4 ,from infanticide1 to a limited extent4 #bnd4 ,from certain rites performed upon young men of some tribes1 impairing their physical powers4 #crd4 ,from the introduction among them by ,europeans of a more aggravated form of syphilis than was known to exist previous to our occupation of the country4 #fc #dth4 ,from the introduction and use of intoxicating liquors1 a habit of using which to excess is prevalent among the natives1 who1 despite of existing laws to the contrary1 are frequently aided by ,europeans in obtaining supplies4 #eth4 ,from the promiscuous intercourse of the sexes4 ,this is proved by evidence to be carried to such an extent1 not only between themselves1 but also with ,europeans1 as1 in a great measure1 of itself to account for the infecundity of the race4 #fth4 ,from the disproportion of sexes4 ,,geo4 ,,hall1 ,chairman4 ,,western ,,australia4 ,the question raised by ,miss ,nightingale1 8,can we civilize the aborigines without killing them80 naturally arises from the fact that wherever ,europeans have taken possession of the country of savage races1 the latter have gradually disappeared before the face of the 8white man40 ,this state of things1 ,i believe1 may be traced to the three following causes3 #ast4 ,the acquirement by the aborigines of the love for intoxicating liquors4 #bnd4 ,the immorality of the women with the 8white man10 preventing their bearing children4 #crd4 ,the introduction of diseases more fatal to them than to the ,europeans1 arising from their exposed lives1 and general objection to submit themselves to proper medical treatment4 ,it will thus be easily seen that the aborigines do not1 in reality1 gradually disappear before the advantages of civilization1 but rather fall victims to the vices and diseases introduced by the advent of unprincipled ,europeans among them4 ,,john ,,ferguson1 ,colonial ,surgeon4 ,perth1 ,nov4 #ag1 #ahfj4 ,it is quite certain that the natives die in quick succession in the districts inhabited by ,europeans1 and it appears not less certain that a great many of the deaths are attributable to their having lived among us4 ,but it is not civilization that has caused their deaths2 it is rather the vices of the ,europeans which they have imbibed1 and the ignorance and recklessness of results in the natives themselves4 ,they are mere children in understanding1 and if their present wants are gratified they care not for the future4 ,as an instance3--,there is a stringent law prohibiting the selling or giving intoxicating drinks to them1 but they willingly yield to the assistance offered to them by unprincipled sailors and others to elude this law made for their benefit4 ,the men become intoxicated1 and misery and wretchedness are the consequences to a portion of their families1 who die prematurely1 but not before their vicious habits have injured many besides themselves4 ,there are many individuals in all countries who neither regard the laws of ,god nor man1 and these unfortunate people might have been of the number1 even if they had been civilized1 but the probability is1 that there would not have been so many victims if they had been rescued as children1 and been taught what was right and really civilized4 ,to live such a life as they now lead in towns among ,europeans is not being civilized4 ,not one of the ,annesfield school children have ever shown the slightest wish to return to the bush2 and from their parents and other relatives visiting them they have had opportunities enough to do so1 if they had chosen to go4 ,they duly appreciate civilization1 and it has not injured the health of any of them1 but1 on the contrary1 several that were ill when they came have improved in health4 ,it can scarcely be said that the civilization of the aborigines has been attempted in ,western ,australia4 ,five or six schools have at different times been established2 some of these by private societies or individuals1 and the remainder by ,government4 ,but there has been no organized system adopted1 such as is necessary to the carrying out any great work4 ,how little can any single school do6 ,in the ,annesfield ,government ,institution it has been the aim to prove that the natives are capable of being made useful members of society1 and1 what is more1 that they are capable of understanding and embracing the great truths of salvation2 and the result is fully satisfactory4 ,but this institution is limited to #bd children4 ,the aborigines are like so much material without capital or tools to fashion it4 ,for in a country such as this1 where there are so many profitable #fd ways of employing money and labour1 few can be found willing to furnish either of these requisites for this work of benevolence and unsought justice4 ,it is said that nothing can be effected among the adult natives4 ,but the colony has now been in the possession of the ,english #ca years1 and if the then parents had been induced to give up their children for training1 or even if they had given them up three or four years after1 when they had got to know us as a friendly people1 there would now be few of them in the settled districts but such as would have had the opportunity of being civilized4 ,,anne ,,camfield4 ,,ceylon4 ,in reply to ,miss ,nightingale's question1 8,whether we can civilize the native people without killing them80 it is gratifying to be able to assure her1 that in ,ceylon the native population1 both of ,singhalese and ,tamil race1 instead of declining and dying off before the ,european settlers1 is rapidly increasing1 and that the number both of our schools and scholars would be far greater than it is1 if only we had the means of maintaining them at command4 ,j4 ,,colombo4 ,the steady increase of population1 however1 except perhaps in the remotest districts1 which education in any form has not yet reached1 inclines me to believe that schools1 whether conducted on the native or ,english systems1 have proved an unqualified benefit to the people1 and that1 instead of inducing or extending disease of any kind1 many of those enumerated in ,miss ,nightingale's list being unknown in ,ceylon1 they have1 by even temporarily withdrawing those who by reason of their tender age are most subject to the injurious consequences of bad habits and premature exertion1 secured for them a remarkable immunity from the prevailing diseases of the country for the remainder of their lives4 ,c4 ,p4 ,,layard1 ,govt4 ,agent4 ,sidenote3 ,see ,tables ,v4 and ,w41 pp4 #ej and #ea4 ,the principal civil medical officer has prepared returns to show the diseases of the ,singhalese and mixed races1 and of the ,malabars4 ,the deaths among the latter are in the proportion of #bj per cent4 against #h per cent4 among the former4 ,this remarkable disproportion in the mortality may be accounted for by the starving condition in which the ,malabar coolies generally arrive in this colony2 their uncleanly habits2 their abstinence from animal food1 and1 as a consequence1 the low standard of their vital organization2 and exposure without sufficient clothing in the cold climate of the hills4 ,they sink rapidly under attacks of diarrha1 dysentery1 and anasarca4 ,the diseases which are most prevalent and fatal among the native races are such as are incidental to this climate1 viz41 fever1 chiefly of the intermittent type1 bowel complaints1 and anasarca1 while cases of scrofula and consumption1 to which ,miss ,nightingale alludes as prevalent 8among those converted to ,christian civilization10 are happily seldom met with4 ,the ,commission states1 in reply to ,miss ,nightingale's question1 8,can we civilize these people without killing them80 that those diseases which are supposed to be attendant on ,european civilization are not common among the native inhabitants of the colony1 and that1 so far from the natives dying out before the march of civilization1 the native population is on the increase in the neighbourhood of the larger towns1 while it is only in the remote and less civilized districts that the population is decreasing1 and this from causes which are being gradually removed by the spread of education4 ,c4 ,j4 ,,mac ,,carthy ,it will doubtless be satisfactory to ,miss ,nightingale to learn that scrofula and consumption are not common diseases among the native inhabitants of the colony1 and that1 so far from the efforts made to civilize the people having the effect of causing the extinction of the native races in this colony1 the natives in the neighbourhood of the larger towns are rapidly increasing in numbers1 while in some of the remoter districts where schools are as yet unknown the population is decreasing4 ,amongst the causes of this decrease may be mentioned the hateful practice of polyandry1 now happily forbidden by law1 and the want of proper sustenance1 the result partly of imperfect means of cultivation4 ,a better state of things is gradually being brought about by #fe the spread of education1 and by this very civilization which is said to be likely to cause the extinction of the native races4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,dickson4 ,remarks by the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,ondoatjee4 ,,matura4 ,in reference to the reasons which induced ,miss ,nightingale to enter on the present field of inquiry1 it may be stated that the conversion of the natives of this island to ,christianity1 so far from its exerting any fatal or injurious effect on health and life1 has vastly improved their condition socially as well as physically4 ,christian civilization is doing much for them2 and the only hope we have of raising the people from that state of moral degradation in which they are found throughout the country is by imparting to them the knowledge of ,christian truth1 which never fails to produce the happiest effects on their habits of life in general1 though it may occasionally happen1 that by intercourse with foreigners1 vices inimical to longevity are learnt by the aborigines4 ,on the whole1 however1 it cannot for a moment be doubted that it is to the introduction of ,christianity1 and1 along with it1 of ,european science and ,european literature1 that we have to look for the gradual amelioration of the condition of the races that inhabit this island2 and1 consequently1 it appears to me that no effort should be spared to extend the benefits of a sound ,christian education 7giving it as much as possible a practical tone and character7 throughout the length and breadth of this beautiful and interesting country4 ,it must be admitted that there has been but little done as yet in the island in the way of ,christian civilization2 but those who are in a position to compare the state of things at present with what it was #bj or #cj years ago admit that there are signs of progress to be seen in various parts of the island1 and surely this as a ground of encouragement is not to be despised or underrated4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,macready1 ,acting ,asst4 ,agent4 ,matura1 #bjth ,december #ahfj4 ,,mauritius4 ,sidenote3 ,vide ,tables ,t4 and ,u41 pp4 #dh and #di4 ,this return contains the numbers of admissions to1 deaths and discharges from1 the civil hospital1 during the last six years1 of the creoles and ,indians1 which may be taken to represent the aboriginal population of this island1 although few1 except the creoles1 are really natives4 ,it will be seen that the rate of deaths is very large1 and this1 without explanation1 might give rise to false inference as to the healthfulness of the island4 ,the general death rate of the ,indians throughout the island for #ahei was #be per #a1jjj1 or only #b per #a1jjj above that of all ,england for #aheh2 and1 when it is considered that all1 or almost all1 the ,indians are agricultural labourers or servants1 and from the nature of their labour much exposed to casualties1 such a death rate points to ,mauritius as 7what it is7 an exceedingly healthy locality4 ,why then so large a mortality as #bb per cent4 in the civil hospital8 ,the answer is readily given by the fact that the same prejudice against hospitals exists among the ,indians and creoles here as among the poorer classes in ,england1 but in an exaggerated degree1 and consequently that a very large proportion of absolutely hopeless cases are admitted2 so much is this the case1 that in #ahfj1 out of #fif deaths1 no less than #ajh died within #bd hours after admission1 and nearly one-half of the deaths occurred within the first week4 ,in this return two epidemics of cholera are included2 one of very severe character in #ahef1 and a smaller one in #ahei1 which carried off above #cjf patients4 ,the most fatal diseases1 it will be seen1 are dysentery1 diarrha1 phthisis1 dropsy1 and fever4 ,the greater number of the cases of dysentery admitted are old worn-out cases in the last stage of emaciation1 filth1 and misery2 many of them abandoned by their friends1 picked up by the police1 and brought into hospital to die4 ,the greater part of the cases entered as diarrha in former years were undoubtedly either dysentery or phthisis2 the latter is as prevalent 7if not more so7 among all classes of inhabitants as in ,england4 ,the cases of dropsy depend on the same causes as in ,europe1 but many cases are seen which present scarcely any morbid change in any of the organs4 ,fever is of very low type1 and true typhus and typhoid are not unfrequent4 ,although many of the ,indians and creoles are habitual drunkards1 cases of delirium tremens are very rare4 ,leprosy is a frequent and fearful disease among creoles and ,indians1 but the frequency is not shown in the return1 as1 until #ff lately1 all the cases of leprosy were sent to a ward for that purpose in the lunatic asylum4 ,this disease rarely occurs among ,europeans arrived from ,europe1 it is more frequent among creoles of ,european parents born in the island1 and very much more so among the mixed ,african race and the ,indians4 ,tetanus1 both traumatic and idiopathic1 occurs very much more frequently than in ,europe4 ,p4 ,b4 ,,ayres1 ,m4,d4 ,lond41 ,surgeon in charge4 ,civil ,hospital1 ,port ,louis1 #bb;d ,june #ahfa4 ,,canada4 ,diseases of malarious origin are most numerous among ,indians as well as whites1 the former comparing favourably with the latter as far as health is concerned4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,dee1 ,m4,d4 ,,manitowaning4 ,sidenote3 ,vide ,tables ,x4 and ,y4 pp4 #eb and #ec4 ,as regards the diseases it is easy to perceive that some predominate over others2 for instance1 chronicus rheumatismus1 worms1 porrigo1 bronchitis chronica1 phthisis pulmonalis1 and others4 ,these1 of course1 in a great measure originate from the careless and dirty habits of the semi-civilized ,indians1 along with their daily exposure to all sorts of weather without having different clothing to wear in winter from that which they have been in the habit of using during the summer2 in addition to which1 their living principally upon corn and potatoes 7fish not always being procurable71 which induces the production of worms1 and at the same time being a sort of food very unsuitable for children4 ,scrofula is universal amongst them1 and in a great measure is produced from their near intermarriages2 and it is quite a common circumstance for a boy of #af or #ag to marry a girl of the same age1 and very often much younger2 hence the offspring of such parents must necessarily be weak and degenerate1 and in consequence of their hereditary debility more liable to the attacks of illness4 ,again1 those ,indians uncivilized living at a great distance in the interior1 and who come down occasionally to trade with the ,hudson's ,bay ,company1 ,i have always been given to understand were for the most part generally healthy1 much more so than those of the semi-civilized tribes4 ,i myself have had but little communication with them1 as they seldom visit our island1 but the officers of the ,company's service1 with whom ,i have become acquainted1 have always expressed but one opinion upon the subject4 ,,david ,,layton4 ,in running over the diseases for the last five years1 many cases of common occurrence1 not of dangerous or severe nature1 are omitted1 from the fact that no particular inventory was required1 so that the enclosed number of cases are merely taken at the time of attendance from their symptoms and necessity for peculiar or active treatment4 ,you are aware that the ,savnia ,indians are principally ,christians1 or call themselves such1 although living in a half-civilized state4 ,for one portion of the year they are living in warm comfortable houses1 while provisions and the necessaries of life are easily procured by them2 during this period they are happy and contented1 little sickness prevailing4 ,the other portion of the year1 from a peculiar propensity1 ,i suppose inherent in the race1 they take to the bush1 while their living in wigwams1 scant of clothing1 provisions hard to be obtained1 exposed to all the vicissitudes of climate1 wet feet1 c41 as a natural consequence intermittents1 remittent1 and other fevers1 rheumatism1 laryngitis1 bronchitis1 pleurisy1 pneumonia1 phthisis pulmonalis1 follow invariably4 ,their diversity of diet and method of living has a most pernicious influence in causing dyspepsia1 worms1 and most other ills to which the alimentary canal is liable1 while congestion of liver1 lungs1 and irritation of bladder are of very frequent occurrence in a mild form2 from this cause the whole tribe suffer1 even to children of a year old4 ,what may have been their ailments while in a heathen state ,i cannot say1 not being in attendance on them1 but from what ,i hear of the number of deaths at that period1 from variola before the introduction of vaccination1 exposure1 scant clothing and diet1 and changes of climate1 c41 it must have been enormous2 to draw any definite result or give an average of deaths from their former and present mode of living would be impossible on my part4 ,the few families of #fg ,christian ,indians on the reserve who live as whites are just as healthy1 and increase in numbers equally1 while the whole tribe1 as they are at present1 increase yearly4 ,,thomas ,w4 ,,johnston1 ,m4,d41 ,savnia1 ,c4 ,w4 ,,new ,,zealand4 ,as to the sanitary state of the native population1 ,i regret to state1 not only from the information of several gentlemen with whom during my mission ,i had an opportunity of conversing1 but also from personal observation and inquiry1 that they are by no means in that healthy state which one would be led to expect when compared with the advance they have made in other respects4 ,in the former it would appear that they are retrograding1 and this decline is especially visible in and near the ,european towns1 and easily attributable to causes1 the prevalence of which is more or less detrimental to any body of persons1 but felt in a greater degree in a mixed community of ,europeans and natives4 ,in illustration of this1 ,i may mention the comparatively few births1 while from the census it will be seen that a greater equality of the sexes prevails than was generally believed to be the case throughout the entire districts2 and perhaps1 therefore1 the most favourable conclusion to form is1 that the native population is not increasing1 or1 in other words1 that1 taking the deaths and births into account1 it is likely to remain stationary for some time to come1 unless swept off by some unusual and fatal disease4 ,h4 ,,tacy ,,kemp1 ,native ,secretary4 ,wellington1 #ae ,june #ahej4 ,,london ,printed by ,,george ,e4 ,,eyre and ,,william ,,spottiswoode1 ,printers to the ,queen's most ,excellent ,majesty4 ,,transcriber',s ,,note ,scanned page images of the original book are available from archive4org1 search for sanitarystatisti#jjnigh4 ,original spelling and grammar are generally retained1 with a few exceptions noted below4 ,original page numbers look like this3 #ce4 ,footnotes are left near their original locations4 ,the transcriber produced the cover image by editing the original1 and hereby places it in the public domain4 ,quotations extending through more than one line of text were printed with a left-quotation mark at the head of each line4 ,these have been converted to modern quotation style4 ,ditto marks have been sometimes removed1 by replacement of the mark with appropriate text4 ,the book was printed with sidenotes1 many which pointed to a specific table in ,appendix ,i4 ,those which were semantically headings1 were converted to headings4 ,page #ad4 ,comma was inserted after personal1 in 8the improved personal physical1 and moral habits04 ,page #bj4 ,table ,a1 which originally spread in small print over about #f #a_/b pages1 was split into three distinct tables 7,a#a-;,a#c71 on the ,colony ,headings in ,column #a4 ,sub-table ,a#a comprises ,colonies ,sierra ,leone1 ,western ,australia1 and ,natal4 ,sub-table ,a#b covers ,ceylon4 ,sub-table ,a#c covers ,canada4 ,then each of the three sub-tables was split into two ,parts after column #ac1 with the first column repeated in each ,part4 ,page #bf4 ,table ,a4 a4 was split into two parts after column #aa1 repeating the first column in both parts4 ,page #bi4 ,table ,g4 was split into two parts after column #aa1 repeating the first column in both parts4 ,page #cj4 ,table ,h was split into three tables1 7,h#a-;,h#c71 on the ,colony headings in column #a1 the headings being the same as for ,table ,a1 see above4 ,then each sub-table was split after column #g1 repeating column #a in both ,parts4 ,page #cf4 ,in ,table ,h1 there are five succussive rows headed by ,milagria ,dehiwella1 ,attidiya vernacular school1 ,weligampittia1 and ,dandogame4 ,in column five1 the corresponding entries were #e11 - -1 1 and 1 respectively4 ,in this edition1 the spaced hyphens have been converted to an em dash1 and the three ditto marks are made 8#e04 ,there is ample room for debate about this judgment1 however4 ,page #dj4 ,tables ,i and ,k each had three tall ,,right ,,curly ,b,r,a,c,k,e,ts intended to combine the information in two or three table cells4 ,this edition removes the brackets1 and combines the information into one cell per bracket1 by the use of the word or4 ,other tables containing tall brackets were handled in the same way4 ,furthermore1 in ,table ,k1 in the second column opposite ,rheumatismus acutus or ,rheumatismus chronicus1 there were three spaced hyphens2 also in the last row1 #bnd column4 ,the rest of the data in columns #b-d were either numbers or em dashes4 ,the meaning of the spaced hyphens is not clear to the transcriber1 and all such1 even in other tables1 have been converted to em dashes4 ,page #da4 ,table ,l was split into two parts after column #ac1 retaining the first column in both parts4 ,same for ,table ,p1 page #dd1 and for ,table ,r1 page #df1 and for ,table ,t1 page #dh4 ,page #ej4 ,table ,v1 column #b1 opposite ,chest diseases1 changed 8#bj #g0 to 8#bjg04 ,also split the table same as for ,l1 ,p1 ,r1 and ,t4 ,table ,x1 page #eb1 was also split4 ,page #ei4 ,in the table1 ,phthsis was changed to ,phthisis4 ,page #fe4 ,there is in the printed book a centered heading in italics 8,remarks by the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,ondoatjee40 ,the sidenote adjacent to the paragraph following is 8,,matura40 ,there is no other mention of 8,ondoatjee0 in the book4 ,without understanding the significance of this reference to 8,ondoatjee01 the transcriber has made both of these headings of the same level 7h#c in html code74 ,page #ff4 ,in the sidenote1 ,,manatowaning was changed to ,,manitowaning4 ,also1 ana verage was changed to an average4