,=e/ ,trees ( ,texas ,h[ ,to ,"k ,!m ,eigh? ,edition ,n9? ,pr9t+ ,octob]1 #aiij ,,texas ,,=e/ ,,s]vice ,a ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,texas ,a,m ,,univ]sity ,,sy/em ,,college ,,/ation1 ,,texas ,,bullet9 #bj ,,april1 #aifc ,,cr[n ,,trunk ,,he>twood 7,,inactive7 ,,gives ,,/r5g? ,,sapwood ,,c>ries ,,sap ,,f ,,root ,,to ,,leaves ,,cambium 7,,microscopic7 ,,builds ,,! ,,cells ,,inn] ,,b>k ,,c>ries ,,prep>$ ,,food ,,f ,,leaves ,,to ,,cambium ,,lay] ,,out] ,,b>k ,,protects ,,tree ,,f ,,injuries ,,roots ,,surface ,,roots ,,taproot ,tree increases ea* ye> 9 height & spread ( bran*es by add+ on new gr[? ( twigs ,air supplies c>bon ! pr9cipal food ( ! tree tak5 9 on "u surface ( leaves4 ,leaves prep>e ! food obta9$ f air & soil & give (f moi/ure by transpiration4 ,light & heat are necess>y = ! *emical *anges ,! brea?+ pores ( ! entire tree1--on leaves1 twigs1 bran*es1 trunk & roots take 9 oxyg54 ,flood+1 poison\s gases1 or smoke may kill a tree ,root tips or root hairs take up wat] conta9+ small quantity ( m9]als 9 solution ,! buds1 root tips1 & cambium lay] are ! gr[+ p>ts ( ! tree4 ,wat] conta9+ a small quantity ( m9]als 9 solution is absorb$ by ! roots1 c>ri$ up ?r\gh ! sapwood to ! leaves & !re comb9$ ) c>bon f ! air to make food4 ,?is food is c>ri$ by ! inn] b>k to all gr[+ p>ts ( ! tree1 ev5 d[n to ! root tips ,,ackn[l$gm5ts ,! fir/ edition ( ,=e/ ,trees ( ,texas--,h[ to ,"k ,!m 0 assembl$ by ,w4 ,r4 ,matoon & ,c4 ,b4 ,web/] 9 #aibh4 ,! sections1 8,trees z ,mank9d's ,fri5ds01 8,/udy+ a ,tree01 8,o!r ,texas ,trees01 draw+s ( twigs1 leaves & fruits1 & ! gloss>y 7 incorporat$ into ! f\r? & fif? editions by ,s4 ,l4 ,fro/ & ,d4 ,a4 ,&]son4 ,! six? & sev5? editions 7 edit$ by ,h4 ,e4 ,weav] & ,w4 ,a4 ,smi?1 respectively4 ,"s ( ! draw+s us$ 9 ?is publication 7 made available by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice4 ,! eigh? edition 0 revis$ & edit$ by ,john ,a4 ,haislet to con=m ) ! nom5clature 9 ,*eck ,li/ ( ,native & ,naturaliz$ ,trees ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,includ+ ,alaska71 ,agriculture ,h&book ,no4 #da1 prep>$ "u ! direction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice ,tree & ,range ,plant ,committee4 ,d4 ,a4 ,&]son's 8,a ,guide to ! ,id5tification ( ! ,pr9cipal ,trees & ,%rubs ( ,texas0 0 revis$ & incorporat$ 9 ! eigh? edition to give x great] utility to ! non-te*nical /ud5t ( trees4 ,,trees 444 ,,mank9d',s ,,fri5ds ,trees h held an important place 9 man's way ( life s9ce he has be5 on ! e>?4 ,trees provid$ e>ly man ) weapons to def5d himself & help$ provide him ) food1 %elt] & fuel4 ,trees h play$ an important role 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,timb] 0 our nation's fir/ export4 ,! =e/ also provid$ our =efa!rs ) _! homes1 f>m implem5ts1 rifle /ocks & wagons4 ,! =e/1 by furni%+ ties & utility poles1 made possible ! expansion ( railroad sy/ems1 electric p[] & telephone networks4 ,e indu/ry dep5ds ^u =e/ products 9 "o way or ano!r4 ,trees are m important today ?an ev] be=e4 ,m ?an #aj1jjj products are report$ly made f trees4 ,?r\gh *emi/ry1 ! humble woodpile is yield+ *emicals1 pla/ics & fabrics t 7 beyond compreh5sion :5 an axe fir/ fell$ a ,texas tree4 ,! ,am]ican /&>d ( liv+ dep5ds to no small ext5t on ! c>e ) :i* we use our =e/ res\rce4 ,=tunately1 trees are a r5ewable res\rce4 ,!y c be gr[n z a crop & h>ve/$ 9 su* a way t ! /& is kept productive1 & a /eady supply ( =e/ products is assur$4 ,,texas ,,trees ,a tree is g5]ally def9$ z a woody plant hav+ "o well-def9$ /em & a m or less def9itely =m$ cr[n1 usually atta9+ a height ( at lea/ eight feet4 ,us+ wat] & m9]als f ! soil1 gases f ! air & en]gy f ! sun1 a tree manufactures ! food x ne$s = gr[? & reproduction4 ,trees1 l man1 gr[ rapidly :5 !y are "y b gradually _! gr[? decreases2 !y beg9 to det]iorate & ev5tually die4 ,nature !n r$uces !m to ! elem5ts f :i* !y 7 d]iv$4 ,! t]ms 8h>dwood10 8s(twood10 8decidu\s0 & 8non-decidu\s0 are (t5 enc\nt]$ 9 tree lit]ature4 ,^! t]ms are confus+ & (t5 mislead+4 ,ne$le-be>+ or cone-be>+ trees are designat$ z s(twoods ev5 ?\gh ! wood may be d5se4 ,h>dwoods are ! broad-leav$ 7unlike ne$les or scales7 trees1 ! wood ( :i* may be d5se or s(t4 ,! conif]s1 or s(twoods1 g5]ally reta9 _! leaves m ?an "o gr[+ season & produce se$ 9 cones2 h[ev]1 !re are exceptions4 ,baldcypress1 a conif]1 is decidu\s s9ce x %$s its leaves 9 autumn4 ,c$> & junip] produce b]ry-l cones t sc>cely resemble cones4 ,! h>dwoods1 or broad-leav$ trees1 are g5]ally decidu\s2 i4e41 !y %$ _! leaves 9 autumn4 ,texas has _m exceptions1 = example3 s\!rn magnolia1 live oak & ,am]ican holly :i* reta9 gre5 leaves ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,m ?an half ( ! #a1ajj species ( native trees 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are f\nd 9 ! ,s\?4 ,( ^!1 m ?an #bjj species & v>ieties are native to ,texas4 ,9 addition1 _m exotic species h be5 introduc$ & n[ gr[ 9 _m p>ts ( ! /ate4 ,! f\r ma9 =e/ regions ( ,texas include3 ! ,s\!rn p9e =e/ 9 ,ea/ ,texas2 ! c5tral h>dwoods1 ! po/ oak & cross timb]s ( ,nor?-c5tral ,texas2 ! semi-tropical =e/ 9 ! ,rio ,gr&e ,valley region ( ,texas2 & ! m\nta9 =e/1 ! timb]$ areas ( ,we/ ,texas :i* are a cont9uation ( ! timb] types ( ! ,s\!rn ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,9 ,texas1 trees are ! pr9cipal vegetative cov] on an e/imat$ area ( #bh1hje1fag acres4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tree ,,regions ,,p9e-,,h>dwood ,,c$> ,,breaks ,,po/ ,,oak ,,we/ ,,cross ,,timb]s ,,ea/ ,,cross ,,timb]s ,,m\nta9 ,,=e/s ,texas also has m9or tree areas :i* are almo/ re/rict$ to ,texas2 ! c$> breaks & ! oak %9n]ies4 ,"s ( ! %9n]y trees are among ! smalle/ 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 places1 fully matur$ trees are n ov] knee-high & resemble pigmy =e/s4 ,9 o!r areas1 ! same species gr[s #bj to #cj feet tall to =m almo/ imp5etrable ?ickets4 ,! p9e-h>dwood =e/s ( ,ea/ ,texas1 comprise #ab1ebe1dag acres 9 all or "p ( #db c\nties4 ,lumb]1 pap]1 baskets1 boxes1 ties1 poles1 pil+1 po/s1 h&les & %+les con/itute ! ma9 =e/ products manufactur$ 9 ! ,p9ey ,woods ( ,ea/ ,texas4 ,f>!r we/1 9 ,ea/ ,c5tral ,texas1 ! po/ oak =e/s cov] approximately #e1jcj1bjj acres 9 all or "p ( #ci c\nties4 ,! ea/ & we/ 8cross timb]s01 occur on an area ( approximately #c million acres4 ,! t]m 8cross timb]s0 orig9at$ ) ! e>ly settl]s :o1 9 _! travels f ea/ to we/1 cross$ alt]nat+ pat*es ( =e/s & prairies & s affix$ ! "n 8cross timb]s0 to ^! =e/s4 ,f>!r s\? 9 ! ,edw>ds ,plateau region1 are ! c$> breaks :i* ext5d ov] #c million acres4 ,c$> gr[s on ! /eep slopes & roll+ hills common to ?is region1 9 association ) live oak & mesquite4 ,o!r tree areas ( ! /ate include an e/imat$ #ejj1jjj acres ( m\nta9 =e/s 9 ! ,trans-,pecos ,region & ! live oak area along ! ,gulf ,coa/4 ,two ( ,texas' trees1 guaiacum & ebony1 produce ! h>de/ woods 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,bo? species are f\nd 9 ! ,rio ,gr&e ,valley4 ,! tree ) ! lighte/ wood 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 corkwood1 gr[s ne> ! m\? ( ! ,brazos ,riv]4 ,droop+ or weep+ junip]1 s nam$ = ! droop+ *>act]i/ic ( its bran*es1 gr[s 9 ! ,big ,b5d area b has n be5 report$ to be native else:]e 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,catclaw1 huisa*e1 mimosa1 b>etta1 pi/a*e1 black p]simmon1 ,mexican a%1 anaqua1 flatwoods plum 7sloe7 & guajillo are o!r trees common only 9 ,texas4 ,,texas ,,=e/ ,,s]vice ,9 #aiae1 ! #cd? ,texas ,legislature creat$ by law ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,=e/ry & made x a "p ( ! ,agricultural & ,me*anical ,college ( ,texas4 ,9 #aibe1 ! dep>tm5t became ! ,texas ,=e/ ,s]vice4 ,z x grew1 its s]vice to ,texas increas$4 ,x n[ helps protect ,texas' =e/ res\rces aga9/ fire1 insects & disease2 assi/s woodl& own]s 9 ! prop] managem5t ( _! l&s2 makes available se$l+s = re=e/ation & w9dbreak purposes2 conducts rese>* 9 =e/ tree improvem5t1 managem5t & utilization2 & conducts an educational program to acqua9t ,texans z to ! desirability ( practic+ =e/ry4 ,! ,texas ,=e/ ,s]vice1 ) m ?an #cjj employees1 has f\r dep>tm5ts3 ,=e/ ,fire ,control1 ,=e/ ,managem5t1 ,=e/ ,products1 & ,in=mation & ,education4 ,! (fices ( ! ,director1 & ( ! ,=e/ ,managem5t & ! ,in=mation & ,education ,dep>tm5ts are 9 ,college ,/ation4 ,=e/ ,fire ,control & ,=e/ ,products ,dep>tm5t headqu>t]s are 9 ,lufk94 ,sev5 adm9i/rative di/ricts1 ea* head$ by a di/rict =e/]1 are responsible = ! activities ( ! ,texas ,=e/ ,s]vice 9 ! areas ( int5sive & ext5sive =e/ fire protection4 ,di/rict headqu>t]s are locat$ at ,l9d51 ,h5d]son1 ,lufk91 ,woodville1 ,kirbyville1 ,conroe & ,college ,/ation4 ,m ?an #aj million acres ( /ate & privately own$ timb]l& 9 ! ,p9ey ,woods are n[ "u int5sive protection aga9/ fire1 insects & diseases4 ,an additional area ( #e million acres1 commonly ref]r$ to z ! po/ oak region1 we/ ( & adjac5t to ! p9e-h>dwood area1 has be5 "u ext5sive protection beg9n+ ) #aifb4 ,,texas ,,=e/ry ,,association ,! ,texas ,=e/ry ,association is a /atewide1 nonpr(it ag5cy conc]n$ prim>ily ) ! educational phase ( =e/ cons]vation4 ,organiz$ 9 #aiad1 ! ,association 0 l>gely responsible = ! passage ( ! law :i* creat$ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,=e/ry at ! ,agricultural & ,me*anical ,college ( ,texas1 & f :i* ! ,texas ,=e/ ,s]vice em]g$4 ,= m ?an #dh ye>s1 ?is organization has coop]at$ ) ! ,texas ,=e/ ,s]vice & o!r int]e/$ ag5cies 9 promot+ ! =e/ economy ( ,texas4 ,memb]%ip 9 ! ,texas ,=e/ry ,association is op5 to all cons]vation-m9d$ citiz5s4 ,,arbor ,,day ,! gr[+ dep5d5cy ( man ^u =e/ res\rces = raw mat]ials1 products1 wat]%$ protection1 cons]vation ( c]ta9 wildlife & recreation gives add$ significance to ,arbor ,day :i* is set aside annually to pay tribute to trees4 ,arbor ,day orig9at$ 9 ,nebraska 9 #ahgb4 ,x 0 fir/ celebrat$ 9 ,texas 9 #ahhi on ,george ,wa%+ton's bir?day1 ,febru>y #bb4 ,9 #aidi1 ! ,texas ,/ate ,legislature adopt$ ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 by ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,/ate ( ,texas1 ! ,s5ate concurr+1 ,t ! ?ird ,friday 9 ,janu>y ( ea* ye> be designat$ z 8,arbor ,day01 to be devot$ to ! plant+ & cultivation ( =e/1 %ade & ornam5tal trees ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate & to be obs]v$ = t purpose 9 su* mann] z may seem be/ to ! p ( ea* community2 & be x fur!r ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,gov]nor ( ,texas be reque/$ to issue an appropriate proclamation annually to enc\rage ! prop] obs]vance ( su* 8,arbor ,day04 ,arbor ,day c be/ be celebrat$ by plant+ "o or m suitable trees ar\nd a s*ool or club area or by e/abli%+ a s*ool plantation4 ,9 addition to pay+ tribute to ! beauty ( trees1 "o c call att5tion to ! importance ( trees to man's welf>e4 ,! ,texas ,=e/ ,s]vice cont9ues to assi/ clubs & s*ools 9 organiz+ ,arbor ,day programs4 ,,/ate ,,tree ,! pecan1 ,c>ya ill9o5sis1 7,wang5h47 ,k4 ,ko*1 0 (ficially designat$ z ! /ate tree ( ,texas by an act ( ! legislature 9 ,june #aiai4 ,by an am5dm5t 9 #aibg1 c]ta9 /ate ag5cies 7 reque/$ to give due consid]ation to ! pecan tree :5 beautify+ /ate p>ks & o!r public prop]ty belong+ to ! /ate4 ,,/udy+ ,,trees ,trees1 l p1 become fri5ds only :5 we h become well acqua9t$ ) !m & h a k ( ! *>act]i/ics t make !m some?+ special to u4 ,?is bullet9 ab\t ! trees ( ,texas may be us$ z a h&y ref]5ce = id5tify+ trees y d n "k1 or x may be us$ z ! basis = develop+ tree fri5ds4 ,! foll[+ is a guide or lesson plan t w help make a fri5d ( ea* tree /udi$4 ,i4 ,object ( ,/udy ,ea* k9d ( tree has c]ta9 id5tify+ *>act]i/ics :i* m>k x z be+ diff]5t f o!r k9ds ( species ( trees4 ,by c>eful obs]vation & exam9ation ^! id5tify+ po9ts may be le>n$ & y c feel t y "k ! tree4 ,,ii4 ,s\rce ( ,/udy ,mat]ial #a4 ,! locality 9 :i* y live probably has "s trees y "k4 ,:y d y "k !m8 ,/>t by /udy+ ^! trees & make !m fa/ fri5ds4 #b4 ,y also w f9d "s trees y are n sure ab\t or d n "k2 next1 /udy ^! "o by "o until y are sure y w always "k !m4 #c4 ,:]ev] y may be or :5ev] y see a tree y d n "k1 obs]ve x c>efully1 collect en\gh facts & sample mat]ial to /udy until y le>n to "k x4 #d4 ,books1 articles1 pictures & ref]5ces w help to le>n "s trees y _c actually see b :i* are ( int]e/ to y4 ,,iii4 ,approa* to ,tree ,/udy #a4 ,"o tree %\ld be /udi$ at a "t z a g5]al rule al?\gh x may be an advantage to select some:at simil> trees & /udy !m by comp>isons4 #b4 ,field /udy ( ! gr[+ tree is ! mo/ satisfactory4 ,obs]ve a numb] ( ! same k9d ( trees z !re are individual v>iations 9 "s *>act]i/ics4 #c4 ,if possible collect = ref]5ce & fur!r /udy samples ( leaves1 twigs1 b>k1 wood1 fl[]s & fruit4 ,,be ,,c>eful 9 collect+ samples4 ,x is bett] n to h samples ?an to deface or injure ! tree4 ,no "o w object to y\r /udy+ _! trees if y d no damage4 ,,iv4 ,proc$ure #a4 ,g5]al 7a7 ,fir/ obs]ve ! tree z a :ole tak+ into consid]ation all ! po9ts t attract y\r att5tion4 ,v (t5 !re w be "s "o ?+ t ei!r alone or 9 relation to o!r po9ts attracts y\r att5tion4 ,t feature :5 /udi$ may be ! key to y\r really le>n+ to "k ! tree4 7b7 ,! sugge/ions t foll[ z to obs]vations ( v>i\s p>ts ( ! tree d n limit ! /udy ( ^? po9ts = p]haps y w le>n to "k ! tree f "s feature n li/$4 #b4 ,=m ( tree ,note ! size1 %ape & bran*+ habit2 obs]ve its location 9 relation to o!r trees t might affect its =m4 #c4 ,b>k ,obs]ve ?ickness1 r\ghness1 type ( fissures & color ( b>k4 ,/udy+ ! b>k z a means ( w9t] id5tification is p>ticul>ly wor?:ile4 #d4 ,leaves ,/udy type1 size1 %ape & v>iations on ! same tree2 note arrangem5t on twigs2 describe by ! blade1 /alk1 m>g91 v5ation1 base & tip2 "k _! texture & color4 #e4 ,twigs ,note lat]al arrangem5t on bran*es2 obs]ve :e!r flexible or /ocky & :e!r r\gh or smoo?2 /udy diff]5ces betwe5 new gr[? & old2 le>n any di/9ctive color1 smell1 or ta/e2 cut a cross-section & note size1 %ape1 color & size ( pi?2 note pres5ce or abs5ce ( l5ticels4 #f4 ,buds ,l b>k1 ! buds are helpful 9 w9t] id5tification4 ,note size1 scale cov]+s1 & %ape4 ,obs]ve arrangem5t & position on twigs2 comp>e t]m9al & lat]al buds4 #g4 ,leaf-sc>s ,/udy sc>s left by fall+ leaves z to size1 =m1 position & occurr5ce2 note bundle-sc>s 7appe> z m>ks 9 sc>7 z to numb]1 %ape1 size1 & arrangem5t4 #h4 ,fl[]s ,/udy promptly at prop] season2 trees v>y widely 9 fl[]+ habits2 obs]ve z to size1 =m1 %ape ( p>ts1 color & arrangem5t2 & le>n :e!r ! tree has "o or two k9ds ( fl[]s--if two1 :e!r male & female fl[]s are on same tree4 #i4 ,fruit ,/udy ( fruit also is seasonal4 ,:5 x is available1 obs]ve type1 =m1 /ructure & me?od ( di/ribution4 #aj4 ,wood ,id5tification ( trees by wood =ms a sep>ate /udy b (t5 field id5tification ( trees c be aid$ by obs]vation ( di/9ctive po9ts ab\t ! wood su* z color1 ta/e & g5]al /ructure4 #aa4 ,habitat ,an int]e/+ & (t5 useful help 9 tree id5tification is to note ! gr[+ habits ( trees1 :e!r 9 dry or moi/ places1 :at o!r species same type sites1 :e!r x gr[s bett] 9 op5 places or 9 m %elt]$ locations & ! l4 ,v4 ,summ>y ,if y h foll[$ ?r\gh on y\r /udy ( a tree1 cov]+ ! elev5 po9ts li/$1 y w really "k ! tree = all "t4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 if y _c or d n make y\r /udy z ?or\ghly z is sugge/$1 y %\ld at lea/ select en\gh di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ab\t ! tree to /udy t y w be able to id5tify x bo? 9 ! summ] & ! w9t] seasons4 ,,vi4 ,ref]5ces ,y\r s*ool & public libr>y %\ld h "o or m books on trees4 ,y w f9d books on s\!rn trees mo/ helpful4 ,:ile x is impractical to provide a complete li/ ( books on trees1 ! p>tial li/ bel[ is furni%$ = y\r in=mation1 ) ! und]/&+ t no discrim9ation is int5d$3 ,f]nald1 ,m4 ,l4 ,gray's ,manual ( ,botany4 ,eigh? edition4 ,am]ican ,book ,company1 #aiej4 ,gre51 ,c4 ,h4 ,trees ( ! ,s\?4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,press1 #aici4 ,h>r>1 ,e4 ,s41 ,h>r>1 ,j4 ,g4 ,guide to ,s\!rn ,trees4 ,:ittlesey ,h\se1 #aidf4 ,ke>ney1 ,t4 ,h41 ,peebles1 ,r4 ,h4 ,arizona ,flora4 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia ,press1 #aiea4 ,s>g5t1 ,c4 ,s4 ,manual ( ! ,trees ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,second ,edition4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co41 #aibb 7at ,project ,gut5b]g74 ,v9es1 ,r4 ,a4 ,native ,ea/ ,texas ,trees4 ,h\/on ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 #aiec4 ,v9es1 ,r4 ,a4 ,trees1 ,%rubs & ,woody ,v9es ( ! ,s\?we/4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,texas ,press1 #aifj4 ,illu/ration3 ,cross ,section ( ! ,trunk ( an ,oak ,tree4 ,a4 ,cambium ,b4 ,inn] b>k ,c4 ,out] b>k ,d4 ,sapwood ,e4 ,he>twood ,f4 ,pi? ,g4 ,ray ,illu/ration3 ,,twig ,,features ,t]m9al ,bud ,false ,t]m9al ,bud ,twig ,sc> ,bud ,scales ,sup]pos$ ,bud ,lat]al ,leaf ,buds ,bundle ,sc> ,fl[] ,bud ,leaf ,sc>s ,l5ticel ,/ipule ,sc> ,t]m9al ,bud ,scale ,sc>s ,pi? ,*amb]$ ,solid ,,twigs ,,& ,,leaves ,illu/ration3 ,,types ,,( ,,twig ,,bran*+ ,alt]nate ,:orl$ ,opposite ,illu/ration3 ,,leaf ,,types ,simple ,comp\nd ,d\bly ,comp\nd ,opposite ,leaves ,alt]nate ,leaves ,awl-,%ap$ ,ne$les ,p9e ,ne$les ,scale-l ,ne$les ,illu/ration3 ,,p>ts ,,( ,,leaf ,lam9a or blade ,base ,/em ,apex ,leaf m>g9 ,prim>y ve9 ,second>y or lat]al ve9s ,petiole 7,sessile leaves h no petiole b are atta*$ directly to ! /em7 ,,leaf ,,%apes ,illu/ration3 ,,leaf ,,=ms ,lanceolate ,ovate ,obovate ,/>-%ap$ ,l9e> or ,rectangul> ,he>t-,%ap$ or ,orbicul> ,oval ,elliptical ,deltoid ,illu/ration3 ,,leaf ,,apexes ,acum9ate ,acute ,obtuse ,truncate ,bri/le ,po9t$ ,r\nd$ ,illu/ration3 ,,leaf ,,m>g9s ,entire ,d5tate ,too!d or ,s]rate ,s9uate or ,wavy ,d\bly ,s]rate ,lob$ ,incis$ ,illu/ration3 ,,leaf ,,bases ,w$ge-,%ap$ or ,cuneate ,oblique or ,"o-,sid$ ,r\nd$ ,he>t-,%ap$ or ,cordate ,truncate or ,squ>e ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,complete ,,fl[] ,/am5 ,an!r ,filam5t ,sepal ,receptacle ,petal ,pi/il ,/igma ,/yle ,ov>y ,p$uncle ,sepals collectively designat$ z calyx4 ,petals collectively designat$ z corolla4 ,! rip5$ ov>y comprises ! fruit4 ,rip5$ ovules ( ! ov>y comprise ! se$ ( ! fruit4 ,a fl[] lack+ ei!r calyx1 corolla1 /am5s1 or pi/il is an incomplete fl[]4 ,if ! male & female fl[] p>ts occur 9 sep>ate fl[]s on ! same tree ! species is said to be monoeci\s4 ,if ! male & female fl[]s occur on sep>ate trees1 ! species is said to be dioeci\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fl[] ,,clu/]s ,spike ,catk9 or am5t ,cyl9drical cyme ,flat-topp$ cyme ,raceme ,panicle ,corymb ,umbel ,comp\nd umbel ,head ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,types ,,( ,,fruits ,,& ,,se$s ,acorn 7,oak7 ,multiple ,fruit 7,mulb]ry7 ,nuts 9 ,prickly ,bur 7,bee*7 ,drupe 7,*]ry7 ,pod 7,locu/7 ,sam>a 7,elm7 ,sam>a 7,a%7 ,sam>a 7,maple7 ,cone 7,p9e7 ,hairy ,se$ 7,will[7 ,nuts 9 ,bladd]-,l ,bracts 7,hophornbeam7 ,b]ry 7,p]simmon7 ,nut 9 ,husk 7,hickory7 ,a ,nut-,l ,drupe 7,basswood7 ,drupe 7,hackb]ry7 ,w+$ ,se$ 7,p9e7 ,multiple ,fruit--,a*5e ,enl>g$ 7,sycamore7 ,nuts 9 ,sp9y ,bur 7,*9kap97 ,texas ,trees ,,limb] ,,p9e 7,rocky ,m\nta9 ,:ite ,p9e7 ,p9us flexilis v>4 flexilis ,james ,limb] p9e is abundant 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & 9 scatt]$ areas ov] mu* ( ! ,we/4 ,9 ,texas1 limb] p9e may be f\nd 9 ! ,guadalupe & ,davis ,m\nta9s ( ,we/ ,texas4 ,z ! "n indicates1 ! bran*es & twigs are especially flexible & t\gh1 (t5 light purple 9 color4 ,! bran*es =m a r\nd$ tree top or head4 ,! trunk is /\t & noticeably tap]$4 ,! ne$le-l ,,leaves are 9 clu/]s ( five4 ,!y are /iff & /\t1 ab\t #b to #c in*es long1 & arrang$ 9 clu/]s or tufts ne> ! ends ( ! bran*es4 ,!y /ay on ! twig = five or six ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,limb] ,,p9e 7,fruit & leaves1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! 8,,fruit01 a cone1 is relatively %ort or /ocky1 mo/ly f #c to #f in*es long1 made up ( r\nd$ r ?ick scales1 "s turn$ =w>d & "s backw>d4 ,! cone is %ort-/alk$4 ,z ) all ! p9es1 ! se$s mature at ! end ( ! second season ( gr[?4 ,! ,,wood is relatively s(t1 close-gra9$1 slightly yell[i% or r$di%4 ,x is n cut 9 quantity & ! trees are usually r limby & %ort-bodi$1 :i* l>gely acc\nts = ! small comm]cial use4 ,,p9yon 7,nut ,p9e7 ,p9us edulis ,engelm4 ,p9yon is f\nd z scatt]$ trees or 9 small groves ov] ! m\nta9s & canyons 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! /ate to elevations ( #h1jjj feet4 ,x is a small tree1 gr[s on w>m slopes or 9 %elt]$ locations1 & =ms a bu%y top ) orange-color$ bran*lets4 ,! ne$le-l ,,leaves gr[ 9 bundles ( two 7r>ely #c72 :]eas 9 ,p9us cembroides ,zucc41 ! ,mexican ,p9yon1 !re are usually ?ree ne$les p] clu/]4 ,! d>k gre5 ne$les are approximately "o in* long1 /iff1 /\t1 & curv$4 ,!y rema9 on ! tree f #e to #h ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p9yon 7,natural size7 ,l all ! p9es1 x has male & female 8,,fl[]s0 sep>ate on ! same tree4 ,! 8,,fruit01 a cone1 is r\nd$1 ab\t #a to #b in*es across1 & produces l>ge se$s or 8nuts01 f to in* long4 ,! se$s are ri* 9 food value & =m an important article ( diet = ! ,indians4 ,! se$s are ga!r$ & sold widely z fancy 8nuts0 9 _m l>g] t[ns & cities4 ,! ,,wood is light1 s(t1 close-gra9$1 & pale br[n1 us$ = fuel & sometimes z f5c+4 ,a close relative ,p4 cembroides is f\nd scatt]$ 9 ! ,texas c$> breaks4 ,,pond]osa ,,p9e 7,we/]n ,yell[ ,p9e7 ,p9us pond]osa ,laws4 ,pond]osa p9e is ! mo/ important comm]cial p9e ( ! ,s\?we/ & _m p>ts ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 region4 ,x rea*es ! s\!a/]n limit ( its range 9 ! ,guadalupe & ,davis ,m\nta9s ( ,we/ ,texas :]e x is scatt]$ & ( little comm]cial value4 ,x is favor$ z an ornam5tal 9 ! ,texas ,panh&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pond]osa ,,p9e 7,fruit & leaves1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ne$le-l ,,leaves are 9 bundles ( ?ree & are mo/ly #e to #h in*es long4 ,! ne$les1 mass$ t[>d ! ends ( nak$ bran*es1 rema9 on ! tree ab\t #c ye>s4 ,! 8,,fruit01 a %ort-/alk$ cone1 is oval-%ap$1 r$di%-br[n1 & arm$ ) /\t recurv$ prickles4 ,! ,,wood ( ?is species1 f trees 9 ! comm]cial "p ( its range1 is ( excell5t quality = lumb]4 ,! wood is h>d1 /rong1 & r f9e gra9$4 ,! he>twood is light r$di%-:ite & ! sapwood ne>ly :ite4 ,lumb] f ?is tree is widely us$ = h\se con/ruction & furniture4 ,,loblolly ,,p9e ,p9us ta$a ,l4 ,?is fa/-gr[+ yell[ p9e is ! mo/ abundant & valuable species 9 ,s\!a/ ,texas f ,orange ,c\nty we/ to ,walk] & ,wall] ,c\nties4 ,! species is also abundant nor?w>d to ! ,oklahoma l9e4 ,loblolly p9e also con/itutes ! p9e ( ! 8,lo/ ,p9e ,region0 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ba/rop4 ,illu/ration3 ,,loblolly ,,p9e 7,fruit & leaves1 "o-half natural size7 ,loblolly invades ab&on$ fields rapidly4 ,= ?is reason x is (t5 call$ old field p9e4 ,9 ! virg9 =e/ ( ,texas1 loblolly p9e 0 mo/ common along banks ( /reams4 ,x is /ill ! dom9ant p9e on moi/ sites1 b may also be f\nd 9 relatively dry sites4 ,! d>k-color$ ,,b>k is deeply furr[$ & (t5 atta9s a ?ickness ( z mu* z #b in*es on l>ge-siz$ trees4 ,! ne$le-l ,,leaves1 #f to #i in*es long1 are borne ?ree 7occasionally two7 9 a clu/]4 ,9 ! spr+ bright gre5 clumps ( ne$les gr[ at ! end ( bran*es & give ! tree a luxuriant appe>ance4 ,! 8,,fruit01 a cone1 rip5s 9 ! autumn ( ! second ye> & is #c to #e in*es long4 ,_m se$s ) w+s an in* long are %$ dur+ ! fall & e>ly w9t]4 ,! res9\s ,,wood is co>se-gra9$4 ,!re is m>k$ contra/1 z 9 o!r yell[ p9es1 betwe5 ! b&s ( spr+wood & summ]wood4 ,! wood ( second-gr[? trees has a wide range ( uses su* z build+ mat]ial1 box %ooks1 b>rel /aves1 basket v5e]s1 pulpwood1 la?1 m9e props1 pil+1 & fuel4 ,,%ortleaf ,,p9e 7,yell[ ,p9e7 ,p9us e*9ata ,mill4 ,%ortleaf p9e is an important p9e ov] a wide area 9 ,nor!a/ ,texas1 & is common 9 o!r p>ts ( ! 8,p9ey ,woods40 ,ess5tially a tree ( ! hilly section1 gr[+ 9 pure /&s & 9 mixture ) h>dwoods1 ! mature tree has a tall /raight /em & an oval cr[n1 rea*+ a height ( ab\t #ajj feet & a diamet] ( ab\t #b feet4 ,unlike o!r s\!rn p9es1 "y %ortleaf p9e trees may reproduce by spr\ts :5 cut or burn$ back4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ortleaf ,,p9e 7,fruit1 natural size2 leaves1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is br[ni%-r$1 brok5 into rectangul> plates2 x is ?9n] & light]-color$ ?an t ( loblolly p9e4 ,! ne$le-l ,,leaves are 9 clu/]s ( two or ?ree 7#c to #e in*es long71 sl5d]1 flexible1 & d>k blue-gre54 ,! 8,,fruit01 a cone1 or bur1 ! smalle/ ( ! ,texas p9es1 are #a to #b in*es long1 oblong1 ) small %>p prickles2 are g5]ally clu/]$1 & (t5 hold to ! twigs = #c or #d ye>s4 ,! small mottl$ se$s h a w+ :i* is broade/ ne> ! c5t]4 ,! ,,wood ( old trees is r heavy & h>d1 yell[-br[n or orange1 f9e-gra9$1 & less res9\s ?an t ( ! o!r important ,s\!rn p9es4 ,x is us$ = f9i%+1 g5]al con/ruction1 v5e]s1 pap] pulp1 excelsior1 coop]age1 m9e props1 & o!r purposes4 ,,longleaf ,,p9e ,p9us palu/ris ,mill4 ,"y longleaf p9e ) its s+le upright /em1 c&le-l silv]y buds1 & long1 %9y leaves =m a h&some tree4 ,9 lat] y\? ! /alw>t1 sp>+ly-bran*$ sapl+1 ) heavy twigs & gray b>k1 attracts imm$iate att5tion4 ,mature trees h tall1 /raight trunks1 #a-c feet 9 diamet] & op5 irregul> cr[ns4 ,longleaf p9e gr[s 9 s&y soils f ,orange ,c\nty1 nor? to ,sab9e ,c\nty & we/ to ,tr9ity ,c\nty4 ,a hybrid cross betwe5 longleaf & loblolly p9e is (t5 f\nd 9 ?is range & is kn[n z ,sond]egg] p9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,longleaf ,,p9e 7,fruit & leaves1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ne$le-l ,,leaves are grey-gre51 f #aj to #ae in*es long1 9 clu/]s ( ?ree1 & ga!r$ t[>d ! ends ( ! ?ick1 scaly1 twigs4 ,! 8,,fl[]s01 appe>+ 9 e>ly spr+ be=e ! new leaves1 are a deep rose-purple1 ! male 9 prom95t1 %ort1 d5se clu/]s & ! female 9 inconspicu\s gr\ps ( two to f\r4 ,unlike o!r ,s\!rn p9es1 common to ,texas1 ?is species gr[s 9 a 8grass0 /age = #b to #e ye>s dur+ :i* "t x resembles a clump ( grass4 ,once longleaf p9e />ts its height gr[?1 x gr[s rapidly4 ,! 8,,fruit01 a cone bur1 is #f to #aj in*es long1 & slightly curv$1 ! ?ick scales arm$ ) small curv$ prickles4 ,! cones usually fall soon aft] ! se$ rip5s1 leav+ _! bases atta*$ to ! twigs4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 t\gh & durable4 ,x is us$ = con/ruction4 ,naval /ores su* z turp5t9e & ros9 are obta9$ f ! tree4 ,,sla% ,,p9e ,p9us elliottii v>4 elliottii ,sla% p9e is n a native ( ,texas1 its natural range 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates be+ along ! coa/ f ,s\? ,c>ol9a to ea/]n ,l\isiana4 ,! initial plant+ ( sla% p9e 9 ,ea/ ,texas 0 made on ! ,e4 ,o4 ,siecke ,/ate ,=e/ ne> ,kirbyville 9 #aibf4 ,x has be5 widely plant$ 9 ,ea/ ,texas1 & has be5 s successful 9 its gr[? & adaptability to ! region t x is n[ accept$ z a =e/ tree ( ! ,/ate4 ,x is mu* favor$ = re=e/ation by plant+ because ( its exce$+ly rapid height gr[?1 good survival1 & comp>ative fre$om f tip-mo? damage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sla% ,,p9e 7,"o-half natural size7 ,9 its native habitat a mature tree ranges to #ajj feet high1 ) a r\ndtopp$ head & a trunk #a to #c feet 9 diamet]4 ,! ,,b>k ranges 9 ?ickness f to #a in*1 sep>at+ freely on ! surface into l>ge ?9 scales4 ,! ne$le-l ,,leaves occur 9 clu/]s ( #b & #c1 are f #h to #ab in*es long1 & lu/r\s4 ,! 8,,fl[]s0 appe> 9 late w9t]1 ! male d>k purple1 ! female p9k1 ! 8,,fruit01 a cone usually #d to #f in*es long1 is br[n & glossy1 ! ?9 scales arm$ ) f9e prickles4 ,sla% p9e ,,wood is exce$+ly h>d1 v /rong1 durable1 co>se gra9$1 ri*1 d>k orange color1 ) ?ick1 ne>ly :ite sapwood4 ,9 ?is respect x is simil> to longleaf1 be+ sold z su*1 & us$ = ! same purpose4 ,naval /ores1 lumb]1 pulpwood & o!r products c be produc$ f ?is tree4 ,,d\glas-,,fir ,pseudotsuga m5ziesii v>4 glauca 7,belssn47 ,franco ,?is valuable timb] tree ( ! we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates rea*es its extreme s\!a/]n limit 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,we/ ,texas4 ,x is a small tree locally b 9 ! ,pacific ,nor?we/ ,d\glas-fir rea*es a height ( #bej feet & a diamet] ( #aj to #ab feet4 ,! ne$le-l ,,leaves are l9e>1 m or less flatt5$1 ab\t an in* 9 l5g?1 blui% gre51 & arrang$ closely 9 spirals ar\nd ! /em4 ,!y rema9 on ! twigs = _m ye>s4 ,! buds are a ri* r$di%-br[n & po9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d\glas-,,fir 7,fruit & leaves1 "o-half natural size7 ,! 8,,fruit01 a cone1 unlike t ( true firs1 hangs d[nw>d & is easily id5tifi$ by ! protrud+ bracts1 or 8/raws40 ,! mature cones are #b to #d in*es long1 & br[ni%-r$4 ,! ,,wood is mod]ately light1 r$di% t9t$ & surr\nd$ by ne>ly :ite sapwood4 ,x v>ies widely 9 respect to d5sity1 quality & wid? ( sapwood4 ,mu* high grade plywood is made f ?is species4 ,"y ,d\glas-firs are sold z ,*ri/mas trees4 ,,baldcypress ,taxodium di/i*um 7,l47 ,ri*4 ,baldcypress gr[s 9 swamps :i* are flood$ = prolong$ p]iods1 & on wet /ream banks & bottoml&s4 ,x occurs 9 ,ea/ ,texas we/ to ! ,nueces ,riv]4 ,! /raight trunk has num]\s asc5d+ bran*es1 & n>r[ conical outl9e4 ,9 old age ! tree g5]ally has a broad flut$1 or buttress$ base1 a smoo? sl[ly tap]+ trunk & a broad1 op51 flat top ( a few heavy bran*es & num]\s small bran*lets4 ,virg9-gr[? timb] atta9s heights up to #acj feet & diamet]s up to #aj feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,baldcypress 7,cone & leaves1 sev5-eigh?s natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is silv]y to c9namon-r$1 f9ely divid$ by num]\s longitud9al fissures4 ,! light gre5 ,,leaves ab\t to in* long1 are arrang$ 9 fea!r-l fa%ion along two sides ( small bran*lets :i* fall 9 ! autumn ) ! leaves /ill atta*$4 ,! 8,,fruit01 a r\nd$ cone1 is ab\t "o in* 9 diamet]1 ) ?ick irregul> scales4 ,! ,,wood is light1 s(t1 easily work$1 ) a light sap wood & d>k-br[n he>twood4 ,x is p>ticul>ly durable 9 contact ) ! soil4 ,cypress is 9 dem& = ext]ior trim ( build+s1 gre5h\se plank+1 boat & %ip build+1 %+les1 po/s1 poles1 & cros/ies4 ,,a%e ,,junip] 7,mexican ,junip]--,m\nta9 ,c$>7 ,junip]us a%ei ,bu*holz ,9 ,c5tral & ,we/ ,texas are f\nd no less ?an n9e species ( c$>s or junip]s1 includ+ "o ea/]n1 "o s\!rn1 & sev5 we/]n species4 ,( ^!1 ! mo/ abundant & important is ! ,mexican junip]4 ,?is tree (t5 =ms ext5sive l[ =e/s or d5se breaks on ! lime/one hills & slopes ( ! ,edw>ds ,plateau & ,gr& ,prairie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,a%e ,,junip] 7,b]ry-l fruit & leaves1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! trunk is cov]$ ) %r$dy1 br[n or r$di%-br[n ,,b>k4 ,! ,,leaves are d>k blue-gre51 small1 opposite or arrang$ 9 #c's1 scale l1 blunt po9t$1 & fr+$ ) m9ute tee?4 ,on vigor\s "y plants ! leaves are %>p po9t$ & long]1 up to in* long4 ,! 8,,fruit01 a ne>ly r\nd1 d>k blue1 b]ry-l cone is cov]$ ) glauc\s bloom2 has a ?91 pleasant-sc5t$1 sweet fle%1 enclos+ #a or #b se$s2 & rip5s 9 "o season4 ,! ,,wood is light1 h>d1 light br[n1 close-gra9$ b weak4 ,x is ext5sively us$ = f5ce po/s & fuel4 ,! tree is sometimes plant$ z an ornam5tal4 ,,ea/]n ,,r$c$> ,junip]us virg9iana ,l4 ,r$c$> is scatt]$ ?r\gh ,ea/ ,texas1 usually on gravelly ridges & rocky hillsides ( ! upl&s4 ,!re are two k9ds ( ,,leaves1 usually bo? on ! same tree4 ,! mo/ common is d>k gre51 m9ute1 & scale-l1 clasp+ ! twig 9 f\r ranks1 s t ! twig appe>s squ>e4 ,! o!r k9d1 usually appe>+ on "y gr[?1 or vigor\s %oots1 is awl-%ap$1 q %>p-po9t$1 spread+1 & :it5$4 ,! ,,b>k is ?91 r$di%-br[n1 turn+ a%y-gray on expos$ surfaces1 & peels (f 9 long %r$-l /rips4 ,! trunk is usually m or less groov$4 ,! male & female ,,fl[]s bloom+ 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 are at ! end ( m9ute twigs on sep>ate trees4 ,! 8,,fruit0 :i* matures 9 "o season is pale blue1 in* 9 diamet]1 & b]ry-l1 ! sweet fle% enclos+ "o or two se$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ea/]n ,,r$c$> 7,fruit & leaves1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size7 ,! ,,he>twood is di/9ctly r$1 & ! sapwood :ite1 ?is color comb9ation mak+ v /rik+ effects :5 f9i%$ z c$> *e/s1 closets1 & int]ior woodwork4 ,! wood is aromatic1 s(t1 /rong1 & ( ev5 texture1 v durable 9 contact ) ! soil1 & 9 great dem& = po/s1 poles1 & ru/ic "w4 ,s9ce r$c$> spreads ! c$>-ru/ ( apples1 x is inadvisable to plant ?is tree 9 or ne> or*>ds1 or any:]e 9 regions devot$ to comm]cial apple production4 ,,black ,,walnut ,juglans nigra ,l4 ,?is valuable =e/ tree occurs on ri* bottoml&s & moi/ f]tile hillsides z f> we/ z ! ,san ,antonio ,riv]4 ,x may atta9 a height ( ne>ly #ajj feet ) a /raight /em1 cle> ( bran*es = half ( its height4 ,! ,,b>k is ?ick1 d>k br[n 9 color1 & divid$ by r deep fissures into r\nd$ ridges4 ,! ,,leaves are alt]nate1 comp\nd1 #a to #b feet long1 consi/+ ( f #ae to #bc leaflets ( a yell[i%-gre5 color4 ,! leaflets are ab\t #c in*es long1 extremely tap]+ at ! end1 & too!d along ! m>g94 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,walnut 7,leaf1 "o-fif? natural size2 fruit1 "o-f\r? natural size2 twig1 ab\t natural size7 ,! ,,fruit is a nut1 borne s+ly or 9 pairs1 & enclos$ 9 a solid gre5 husk :i* does n split op51 ev5 aft] ! nut is ripe4 ,! nut itself is black ) a v h>d1 ?ick1 f9ely ridg$ %ell1 enclos+ a ri*1 oily1 edible k]nel4 ,! ,,he>twood is heavy1 h>d & /rong4 ,its ri* *ocolate-br[n color1 fre$om f w>p+1 & *eck+1 susceptibility to a high poli%1 & durability make x highly priz$ = furniture & cab9et "w & gun/ocks4 ,walnut is easily propagat$ f ! nuts1 & %\ld be m widely plant$ & gr[n = timb] & nuts4 ,,little ,,walnut or ,,texas ,,walnut 7,juglans microc>pa ,b]l&i]7 is f\nd on lime/one banks ( /reams 9 we/]n ,texas4 ,! /umps supply a beautiful v5e]4 ,,pecan ,c>ya ill9o5sis 7,wang5h47 ,k4 ,ko* ,pecan1 ! 8,/ate tree0 ( ,texas1 is f\nd native 9 ! /ate f ! ,p9ey ,woods we/ ?r\gh\t ,c5tral ,texas1 c5t]+ 9 ! wat]%$ ( ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,x makes an excell5t %ade tree & is v valuable = ! nut crop x be>s4 ,_m v>ieties are plant$ 9 or*>ds4 ,! pecan is a tall-gr[+ tree1 atta9+ heights ( ov] #ajj feet4 ,:5 gr[n 9 ! op5 x =ms a l>ge1 r\nd$1 symmetrical top4 ,! out] ,,b>k is r\gh1 h>d1 tight1 b brok5 into scales2 on ! limbs x is smoo? at fir/ b lat] t5ds to scale or divide z ! b>k gr[s old4 ,! ,,leaves resemble ^? ( ! o!r hickories & ! black walnut4 ,!y are made up ( #i to #ag leaflets1 ea* oblong1 too!d & long-po9t$1 & #d to #h in*es long by ab\t #b in*es wide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pecan 7,leaf1 "o-six? natural size2 fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,fl[]s appe> 9 e>ly spr+ & hang 9 tassels f #b to #c in*es long4 ,! ,,fruit is a nut #a to #b in*es long1 & to #a in* 9 diamet]1 9 a ?9 husk :i* op5s along its groov$ seams :5 ! fruit rip5s 9 ! fall4 ,! nuts v>y 9 size & ?ickness ( %ell4 ,cultivat$ v>ieties are sold on ! m>ket 9 l>ge quantities4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 brittle1 n /rong1 & ( little value except = fuel & wagon /ock4 ,"s wood is satisfactory = mak+ s(tball bats4 ,,bitt]nut ,,hickory 7,pignut7 ,c>ya cordi=mis 7,wang5h47 ,k4 ,ko* ,bitt]nut1 ! only hickory ) bright yell[ buds1 is a tall sl5d] tree ) a broad pyramidal cr[n1 atta9+ a height ( #ajj feet & a diamet] ( #b to #c feet4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate on moi/ ri* soils1 & is n abundant4 ,! ,,b>k on ! trunk is granite-gray1 fa9tly t+$ ) yell[1 less r\gh ?an 9 mo/ hickories1 yet brok5 into ?91 plate-l scales4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bitt]nut ,,hickory 7,twig1 "o-half natural size2 leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! bright yell[ w9t] ,,buds are compress$ & scurfy4 ,! ,,leaves are alt]nate1 comp\nd1 f #f to #aj in*es long1 & compos$ ( #e to #aa leaflets4 ,! individual leaflets are small] & m sl5d] ?an ^? ( ! o!r hickories4 ,! male & female ,,fl[]s are on ! same tree4 ,! ,,fruit is ab\t #a in* long & ?9-husk$1 :ile ! nut has a ?91 smoo?i%1 gray1 brittle %ell4 ,! k]nel is bitt]4 ,! ,,wood is h>d1 /rong1 & heavy2 r$di%-br[n 9 color1 & (t5 call$ r$ hickory4 ,x has ! same uses z ! o!r hickories b is said to be inf]ior4 ,,wat] ,,hickory ,c>ya aquatica 7,mi*x4 f47 ,nutt4 ,?is tree1 z its "n indicates1 gr[s 9 bottoml&s & ri*1 wet woods4 ,x is f\nd ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n portion ( ! /ate4 ,x is n a l>ge hickory1 seldom atta9+ a height ( #ajj feet or a diamet] ( #b feet4 ,x is sl5d]1 ) upright bran*es =m+ a n>r[ head4 ,x is easily di/+ui%$ f o!r hickories by its r$di%-br[n w9t] buds :i* are cov]$ ) yell[ gl&s t fall (f easily4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wat] ,,hickory 7,fruit & twig1 two-?irds natural size2 leaf1 "o-f\r? natural size7 ,! light br[n ,,b>k sep>ates freely into long1 loose1 ?ick1 plate-l scales4 ,,leaves are alt]nate1 comp\nd1 #i to #ae in*es long1 ) #g to #ac sl5d] leaflets4 ,! ,,fl[]s are l ^? ( o!r hickories4 ,! ,,fruit1 (t5 borne 9 clu/]s ( #c or #d1 is a r oblong nut1 conspicu\sly f\r-angl$1 ) a ?91 r$-br[n hull t splits t>dily4 ,! nut itself is ne>ly z broad z long1 f\r-angl$ & ridg$1 ) a ?9 %ell & bitt] k]nel4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 /rong1 close gra9$1 br[n1 & r brittle4 ,probably us$ only = fuel4 ,,%agb>k ,,hickory ,c>ya ovata 7,mill47 ,k4 ,ko* ,%agb>k hickory is f\nd f ea/]n ,texas to ,florida & nor? to ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv] & ,m9nesota4 ,x is a l>ge tree ( comm]cial importance rea*+ #ajj feet 9 height & #b to #c feet 9 diamet]4 ,x ?rives be/ on ri*1 damp soil4 ,! ,,b>k ( ! trunk is r\gh] ?an on o!r hickories1 light gray & sep>at+ into ?ick plates :i* are only slightly atta*$ to ! tree4 ,! l>ge t]m9al w9t] buds are egg-%ap$1 ! p]si/5t out] bud-scales hav+ n>r[ tips4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%agb>k ,,hickory 7,leaf1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 "o-half natural size2 fruit1 "o-f\r? natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are alt]nate1 comp\nd1 f #h to #ae in*es long & compos$ ( #e1 r>ely #g1 obovate to ovate leaflets4 ,! twigs are smoo? or clo!d ) %ort hairs4 ,! male & female ,,fl[]s op5 aft] ! leaves h atta9$ ne>ly full size4 ,! ,,fruit is borne s+ly or 9 pairs & is globul>4 ,! husk is ?ick & deeply groov$ at ! seams4 ,! nut is pale1 ! %ell ?91 & ! k]nel sweet4 ,x is sold 9 comm]cial quantities4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 t\gh1 & /rong4 ,x is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( agricultural implem5ts1 tool h&les1 wagons1 & sports equipm5t4 ,,mock]nut ,,hickory ,c>ya tom5tosa ,nutt4 ,mock]nut1 :ite1 or bigbud hickory1 is common on well-dra9$ soils 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate4 ,x is a %ort-limb$ tree up to #fj feet high & #a to #b feet 9 diamet]4 ,! ,,b>k is d>k gray1 h>d1 closely & deeply furr[$1 (t5 app>5tly cross-furr[$ or nett$4 ,! w9t] ,,buds are l>ge1 r\nd or broadly egg-%ap$1 & cov]$ ) d[ny1 h>d scales4 ,! out]1 d>k scales fall (f readily 9 ! autumn4 ,! rec5t %oots are %ort1 /\t & m or less cov]$ ) a d[ny gr[?4 ,! ,,leaves are l>ge1 /rong-sc5t$1 & hairy2 compos$ ( #g to #i obovate to oblong1 po9t$ leaflets pale to orange-br[n on ! l[] surface4 ,! leaves turn a beautiful yell[ 9 ! fall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mock]nut ,,hickory 7,leaf1 "o-fif? natural size2 twig1 two-?irds natural size2 fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,fl[]s are ( two k9ds on ! same tree2 ! male 9 ?ree-bran*$ catk9s1 ! female 9 clu/]s ( #b to #e4 ,! ,,fruit is oval1 ne>ly r\nd or slightly pe>-%ap$ ) a v ?ick1 /rong-sc5t$ husk :i* splits ne>ly to ! base :5 ripe4 ,! nut sometimes has #d to #f ridges2 is r$di%-br[n1 ?ick %ell$1 & has a small1 sweet k]nel4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 t\gh1 & /rong4 ,x is :ite except = ! comp>atively small1 d>k-br[n he>t1 h5ce ! "n :ite hickory4 ,x is us$ = ! same purpose z %agb>k hickory & makes an excell5t fuel4 ,,black ,,hickory ,c>ya texana ,buckl4 ,?is is a common hickory 9 nor!rn & ea/]n ,texas1 gr[+ on hillsides & s&y upl&s ) po/ & black jack oaks4 ,x is di/+ui%$ by its ru/y br[n hairs f\nd on ! "y leaves & bran*es4 ,x =ms a tree #fj to #ge feet high1 ) a trunk #b feet 9 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,hickory 7,leaf1 "o-f\r? natural size2 fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is d>k gray or ne>ly black1 deeply divid$ into r\gh ridges1 or x may be irregul>ly fissur$ & sep>at$ into ?9 scales4 ,! w9t] buds are ovoid & cov]$ ) ru/y hairs mix$ ) silv]y scales4 ,! ,,leaves1 #h to #ab in*es long ) #e to #g1 usually #g1 leaflets & ru/y-hairy sl5d] petioles1 are d>k gre51 lu/r\s above2 mu* pal] b5ea?4 ,! ,,fl[]s are simil> to o!r hickories4 ,! ,,fruit is obovoid1 n>r[1 or abruptly contract$ into a %ort /alk at ! base1 ) a husk _/ to in* ?ick1 splitt+ to ! middle or ne>ly to ! base4 ,! sweet-se$$ nut is ne>ly obovoid to oblong1 r\nd$ at ! ends1 compress$ & slightly f\r-angl$1 ) a %ell to in* ?ick4 ,! h>d1 brittle ,,wood is us$ *iefly = fuel4 ,,corkwood ,leitn]ia floridana ,*apm4 ,?is lighte/ ( all native woods 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates gr[s 9 riv] swamps ne> ! ,gulf1 ab\t ! m\? ( ! ,brazos ,riv]4 ,x is a small tree rea*+ a height ( #bj feet1 or a %rub1 dep5d+ ^u ! location & natural conditions4 ,! base is usually swoll54 ,! /raight1 gradually tap]+ trunk is cr[n$ ) a loose1 op5-topp$ head4 ,! "y bran*lets are coat$ ) hairs :i* lat] drop1 leav+ a smoo?1 d>k1 r$-br[n /em4 ,illu/ration3 ,,corkwood 7,leaf1 "o-half natural size2 fruit & w9t] twig1 natural size7 ,! simple1 alt]nate ,,leaves are f #d to #f in*es long & ab\t #b in*es wide1 borne on petioles #a or #b in*es long4 ,! leaves are %9y above4 ,! ,,fl[]s are 9 catk9s ( two k9ds or sexes1 ! male ab\t #a in*es long1 ! female ab\t in* long4 ,bo? k9ds are borne on ! same tree & appe> ab\t ! fir/ ( ,m>*4 ,! ,,fruit is solit>y or 9 clu/]s ( #b to #d1 ea* ab\t to in* long1 & rip5s :5 ! leaves are ab\t "o-half gr[n4 ,! ,,wood is s(t1 exce$+ly light1 g5]ally uni=m 9 texture & ( a pale yell[ color4 ,x is us$ z a sub/itute = cork = floats on fi%+ nets4 ,,ea/]n ,,cottonwood ,populus deltoides 7,b>tr47 ,?is cottonwood is f\nd along /reams ?r\gh\t ! /ate4 ,! tree is easily propagat$ by cutt+ & gr[s rapidly1 h5ce x has be5 widely plant$ to get %ade quickly4 ,! tree is (t5 unsatisfactory = %ade because x beg9s to %$ its leaves by midsumm]4 ,! cotton-be>+ se$s f ! pi/illate tree are (t5 a nuisance4 ,! s(t wood is easily brok5 by w9ds2 & ! rank gr[? ( ! roots (t5 results 9 /opp+ dra9 pipes & crack+ & lift+ sidewalks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ea/]n ,,cottonwood 7,leaf1 "o-half natural size2 twig1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 alt]nate1 broadly ovate or triangul>1 po9t$1 squ>e at ! base1 & co>sely too!d on ! edges1 #c to #e in*es across ea* way1 cov]$ ) s(t :ite hairs on ! "u side1 support$ by flatt5$ sl5d] petioles1 #b to #c in*es long4 ,! w9t] buds are cov]$ ) *e/nut-br[n1 res9\s scales4 ,! male & female ,,fl[]s are 9 catk9s on sep>ate trees & appe> be=e ! leaves4 ,! ,,fruit1 a capsule1 conta9s a numb] ( se$ ) :ite silky hairs :i* p]mit ! w9ds to c>ry ! se$ = long di/ances4 ,! ,,wood is s(t1 light-weight1 w>ps easily ^u dry+1 b is us$ = _m purposes1 sometimes z a sub/itute = yell[ popl> & l9d54 ,?ree o!r species ( ,s\!rn cottonwood occur 9 we/]n ,texas4 ,"o species1 ,p4 s>g5tii ,dode1 :i* has long po9t$ leaves1 is f\nd 9 ! ,panh&le4 ,,black ,,will[ ,salix nigra ,m>%4 ,black will[ is f\nd along /reams ?r\gh\t ! /ate4 ,x r>ely gr[s tall] ?an #ej feet & is frequ5tly f\nd gr[+ s+ly or 9 clumps along ! wat] c\rses4 ,9 w9t] ! easily sep>able bright r$di%-br[n or gold51 nak$ twigs are q conspicu\s4 ,! ,,b>k is deeply divid$ into broad1 flat ridges :i* sep>ate into ?ick plate-l scales4 ,on old trees x becomes %aggy4 ,9 color x v>ies f light br[n t+$ ) orange1 to ne>ly black4 ,! ,,leaves are f #c to #f in*es long1 & less ?an in* wide2 ! tips are greatly tap]$ & ! entire m>g9 f9ely too!d4 ,! leaves are bright gre5 on bo? sides1 turn+ pale yell[ 9 ! e>ly autumn4 ,! ,,fl[]s are 9 catk9s1 ! male & female on sep>ate trees4 ,! ,,fruit is a capsule conta9+ num]\s m9ute se$s ) long silky hairs :i* enable !m to be bl[n long di/ances4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,will[ 7,leaf1 two-?irds natural size2 fruit & twig1 natural size7 ,! ,,wood is s(t1 light1 & n /rong4 ,a high grade ( *>coal1 us$ 9 ! manufacture ( gunp[d]1 is obta9$ f will[ wood1 & x is ! *ief wood us$ 9 manufacture ( artificial limbs4 ,,am]ican ,,hornbeam 7,blue ,bee*7 ,c>p9us c>ol9iana ,walt4 ,am]ican hornbeam or blue bee*1 also kn[n z ironwood & wat] bee*1 is a small sl[-gr[+1 bu%y tree ) a spread+ top ( sl5d]1 crook$ or droop+ bran*es4 ,x is f\nd along /reams & 9 l[ gr\nd1 usually 9 ! %ade ( o!r trees4 ,its height is usually f #bj to #cj feet & its diamet] #d to #h in*es1 al?\gh x sometimes gr[s l>g]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,hornbeam 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-half natural size2 twig1 natural size7 ,! ,,trunk is flut$ ) irregul> ridges or 8muscles0 ext5d+ up & d[n ! tree4 ,! ,,b>k is smoo?1 light br[ni%-gray to d>k blui%-gray 9 color1 sometimes m>k$ ) d>k b&s ext5d+ horizontally on ! trunk4 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 alt]nate1 oval1 long-po9t$1 d\bly too!d along ! m>g91 & #a to #c in*es long4 ,!y resemble ^? ( ! black or sweet bir*1 b are small]4 ,! ,,fl[]s are borne 9 catk9s sep>ately on ! same tree2 ! male catk9 ab\t #a in*es long1 ! female1 ab\t ( an in*1 ) small1 leaf-l1 ?ree-lob$ gre5 scales4 ,! ,,fruit is a nutlet ab\t in* long4 ,x falls1 atta*$ to ! leaf-l scale :i* acts z a w+ aid+ its di/ribution by ! w9d4 ,! ,,wood is t\gh1 close-gra9$1 heavy1 & /rong4 ,x is sometimes select$ = use = lev]s1 tool h&les1 wood5 cogs1 mallets1 w$ges1 etc4 ,! tree is ( little comm]cial importance & (t5 occupies space 9 ! woods t %\ld be utiliz$ by m valuable species4 ,,ea/]n ,,hophornbeam 7,ironwood7 ,o/rya virg9iana 7,mill47 ,k4 ,ko* ,! tree gets its common names f ! qualities ( its wood & ! hop-l fruit4 ,x is a small1 sl5d]1 g5]ally r\nd-topp$ tree1 f #bj to #cj feet high & #g to #aj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! top consi/s ( long sl5d] bran*es1 commonly droop+ t[>d ! ends4 ,x is f\nd mo/ly on r dry soils ?r\gh\t ! upl&s ( ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate4 ,! ,,b>k is mo/ly light1 gray-br[n1 or r$di%-br[n1 & f9ely divid$ into ?9 scales4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ea/]n ,,hophornbeam 7,twig1 ?ree-fif?s natural size2 leaf & fruit1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 alt]nate1 g5]ally oblong ) n>r[ tips1 %>ply d\bly too!d along ! m>g91 & f #b to #c in*es long4 ,! ,,fl[]s are ( two k9ds on ! same tree2 ! male1 9 droop+ catk9s :i* =m ! previ\s summ]1 ! female1 9 erect catk9s on ! newly =m$ twigs4 ,! ,,fruit1 :i* resembles t ( ! common hop v9es1 consi/s ( a bran* ( leafy bracts #a to #b in*es long conta9+ a numb] ( flatt5$ ribb$ nutlets4 ,! ,,wood1 /rong1 h>d1 durable1 light br[n to :ite1 ) ?ick1 pale sapwood1 is (t5 us$ = h&les ( tools1 mallets1 & o!r small articles4 ,,riv] ,,bir* 7,r$ ,bir*7 ,betula nigra ,l4 ,?is is ! only native bir* f\nd at l[ elevations 9 ! ,s\?4 ,x occurs 9 ,ea/ ,texas &1 z ! "n implies1 9 ! deep1 ri* soils along ! bord]s ( /reams1 ponds1 lakes1 & swamps4 ,! ,,b>k provides a ready means ( id5tify+ ?is tree4 ,x v>ies f r$di%-br[n to c9namon-r$ 9 color1 & peels back 9 t\gh pap]y lay]s4 ,^! lay]s p]si/ on ! trunk1 pres5t+ a v ragg$ & q di/9ctive appe>ance4 ,unlike ! b>k ( o!r bir*es ! ?9 pap] lay]s are usually cov]$ ) a gray p[d]4 ,on old] trees1 ! b>k on ! ma9 trunk becomes ?ick1 deeply furr[$1 & a r$di%-br[n color4 ,illu/ration3 ,,riv] ,,bir* 7,twig1 natural size2 leaf & fruit1 "o-half natural size2 male fl[]1 "o ?ird natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 alt]nate1 #b to #c in*es long1 m or less oval 9 %ape1 ) d\ble-too!d edge4 ,! upp] surface is d>k gre5 & ! l[] a pale yell[i% gre54 ,! ,,fl[]s are 9 catk9s1 ! two k9ds gr[+ on ! same tree4 ,! ,,fruit is cone-%ap$ ab\t "o in* long1 & d5sely cr[d$ ) little w+$ nutlets t rip5 f ,may to ,june4 ,! ,,wood is /rong & fairly close-gra9$4 ,x has be5 us$ to "s ext5t 9 ! manufacture ( wood5-w>e1 9 turn]y1 & = wagon hubs4 ,h[ev]1 ?is tree is scatt]$ 9 its di/ribution & is n ( comm]cial importance4 ,,am]ican ,,bee* ,fagus gr&ifolia ,ehrh4 ,bee* is f\nd 9 ,ea/ ,texas to ! ,tr9ity ,riv] on ! bottoml& ( /reams & ! m>g9s ( swamps4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( all trees1 9 summ] or w9t]4 ,! simple1 alt]nate1 oblong-ovate ,,leaves are #c to #d in*es long1 po9t$ at ! tip1 & co>sely too!d & hairy along ! m>g94 ,:5 mature1 !y are almo/ lea!ry 9 texture4 ,! bee* produces a d5se %ade4 ,! light br[n w9t] buds are long1 sl5d]1 & po9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,bee* 7,fruit1 leaves1 & twig1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ di/9ctive *>act]i/ic1 z x ma9ta9s an unbrok51 light gray surface ?r\gh\t its life4 ,! little1 br[n1 ?ree-sid$ ,,fruits or bee*nuts are almo/ z well kn[n z *e/nuts4 ,! nuts are 9 pairs 9 a prickly involucre4 ,! k]nel is sweet & edible4 ,! fall5 fruit1 kn[n z ma/1 is a favorite food ( wildlife4 ,! ,,wood ( ! bee* is h>d1 /rong1 & t\gh1 ?\gh x w n la/ long on exposure to wea!r or 9 ! soil4 ,! tree is ( economic importance z a lumb] tree1 ! wood be+ us$ = furniture1 floor+1 c>p5t]s' tools1 & novelty w>es4 ,,allegh5y ,,*9kap9 ,ca/anea pumila ,mill4 ,*9kap9s may gr[ z trees or =m %rubby ?ickets2 consequ5tly _! id5tification is at times confus+4 ,"s taxonomi/s cr$it ,ea/ ,texas ) "o species & a v>iety4 ,o!rs li/ f\r species4 ,fur!r /udy is ne$$4 ,c4 pumila gr[s 9 dry woods1 s&y ridges1 & on bord]s ( swamps f ,florida to ,ea/ ,texas nor? to ,ark41 ,t5n41 ,pa41 & ,n4 ,j4 ,x may gr[ into a small tree #aj to #cj feet high & may rea* #ej feet4 ,if burn$ back by fires1 x may s5d out /olons or spr\ts & =m d5se %rubby gr[?s4 ,,bran*lets pubesc5t1 gradually *ang+ to a lu/r\s olive-gre5 or orange-br[n1 !n d>k]4 ,! ,,leaves are #d to #f in*es long1 #a to #b in*es wide1 oblong to ovate & acute1 ! m>g9 co>sely too!d ) sl5d]1 rigid1 spread+ or incurv$ tee?4 ,base ( leaf unequal1 ei!r r\nd$ or w$ge-%ap$4 ,leaf at fir/ tom5tose above & bel[1 lat] yell[-gre5 above & :iti%-d[ny bel[4 ,petiole %ort1 /\t1 & flatt5$ on ! upp] side4 ,,fruit a s+le br[n1 ovoid1 po9t$1 plump1 sweet1 edible nut1 to #a in* long1 encas$ 9 a bur cov]$ ) erect1 cr[d$ sp9es approximately in* long4 ,,wood light1 h>d1 /rong1 co>se-gra9$2 us$ = f5ce po/s & railway ties4 ,( little economic importance because ( its relative sc>city4 ,c4 pumila is a nut-produc+ tree ( pot5tial comm]cial importance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,allegh5y ,,*9kap9 7,fruit1 leaves & twig1 two-?irds natural size7 ,,a%e ,,*9kap9 7,c4 pumila v>4 a%ei ,sudw47 is a small tree ( dry s&y soils4 ,leaves are felt-l bel[4 ,?is v>iety is di/+ui%$ by its bur :i* has scatt]$1 =k$1 & horizontally div]g5t bri/les4 ,! surface ( ! bur has smoo? areas free ( bri/les4 ,a v>iation ( *9kap9 ) leaves #c to #d in*es long & lu/r\s bel[ is frequ5tly describ$ z ,,florida ,,*9kap9 7,c4 alnifolia v>4 floridana ,s>g47 ,,%um>d ,,oak 7,spott$ ,oak7 ,qu]cus %um>dii ,buckl4 ,?is species1 "o ( ! l>ge/ ,s\!rn r$ oaks1 0 nam$ = ,b5jam9 ,f4 ,%um>d1 an e>ly /ate geologi/ ( ,texas4 ,,%um>d ,,oak is f\nd 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate on well-dra9$ alluvial soils & on f]tile slopes4 ,x =ms a tall1 wide-spread+1 r op5 head4 ,! ,,b>k is d>k1 r\gh1 divid$ into ridges1 & usually f #a to #a in*es ?ick4 ,x seldom comprises ! pr9cipal species ( any =e/ /&s1 b m (t5 occurs z individual trees4 ,x atta9s a diamet] ( m ?an #c feet & a height ( m ?an #ajj feet1 b is usually small]4 ,w9t] ,,buds cov]$ ) gray1 smoo? scales1 :ile ! buds ( ,texas oak 7page #dd7 are cov]$ ) r$1 d5sely pubesc5t scales4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%um>d ,,oak 7,twig & leaf1 "o-half natural size2 fruit1 natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are decidu\s1 simple1 alt]nate #f to #h in*es long by #d to #e in*es wide2 #g-lob$1 r>ely #e1 & ea* lobe #b or #c-lob$ or deeply too!d4 ,! lobes are frequ5tly ?ick] ?an is %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,! leaves are small] & m deeply lob$ ?an ^? ( ! black oak4 ,leaves smoo? except = d5se tufts ( pale hairs at ! axils ( ! ve9s bel[4 ,! ,,fruit is a small acorn1 ab\t in* 9 diamet] & to #a in*es long1 set 9 a %all[ sauc]-l cup4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 close-gra9$1 & light r$di%-br[n 9 color1 & comm]cially important = lumb] & cross ties4 ,! v>iety %um>dii has leaves ) n>r[ lobes1 a r\gh]1 d>k grayi% b>k1 & deep] cups to ! acorns4 ,x is ! m common =m 9 ,texas4 ,,texas ,,oak ,qu]cus %um>dii v>4 texana 7,buckl47 ,a%e ,texas oak is f\nd on ! dry lime/one hills & ridges1 & 9 ! m f]tile soils at _! base1 9 ,c5tral & we/]n ,texas to ! ,edw>ds ,plateau4 ,x is r>ely ov] #cj feet tall or #aj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,texas ,,oak 7,leaf1 two-?irds natural size2 fruit1 & twig1 natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is light br[n1 r$-t+$1 deeply ridg$1 & brok5 into plate-l scales4 ,! ,,leaves are decidu\s #b to #c in*es wide1 #c to #c in*es long2 wide/ above ! middle2 divid$ into #e to #g lobes1 ) ! t]m9al lobe #c-lob$2 d>k gre5 & %9y above1 pale-%9y bel[2 petiole sl5d]1 ab\t #a in* long4 ,! ,,fruit is %ort-/emm$1 usually s+le1 to in* long & broad1 v>y+ to ne>ly #a in* long & in* broad1 set 9 a cup t cov]s "o-?ird or less ( ! fruit1 r$di%-br[n & (t5 /reak$ ) d>k l9es4 ,! ,,wood is mo/ useful = fuel4 ,,graves ,,oak 7,q4 gravesii ,sudw47 is f\nd 9 ! ,davis & ,*isos ,m\nta9s ( s\?we/]n ,texas4 ,,black ,,oak ,qu]cus velut9a ,lam4 ,black oak1 also call$ yell[ oak1 rea*es #hj feet 9 height & #a to #c feet 9 diamet]4 ,x gr[s 9 ,ea/ ,texas1 & 9 ! hills & canyons ne> ! m\? ( ! ,pecos ,riv]4 ,! cr[n is irregul>ly %ap$ & wide1 ) a cle> trunk = #bj feet or m on l>ge trees4 ,! ,,b>k on ! v "y trunks is smoo? & d>k br[n1 b soon becomes ?ick & black ) deep furr[s & r\gh brok5 edges4 ,! bright yell[ color & bitt] ta/e ( ! inn] b>k are di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,oak 7,twig & fruit1 "o-half natural size2 leaf1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are decidu\s1 alt]nate1 simple1 #e to #aj in*es long & #c to #h in*es wide1 %all[ or deeply lob$1 ! %ape v>y+ greatly4 ,:5 mature1 ! leaves are d>k gre5 & %9y on ! upp] surface1 pale on ! l[]1 m or less cov]$ ) a scurfy yell[ or orange d[n1 & ) conspicu\s ru/y br[n hairs 9 ! =ks ( ! ve9s4 ,! ,,fruit matures ! second season4 ,! light br[n nut is f to #a in* long1 m or less hemisph]ical 9 %ape1 & f "o-half to ?ree-f\r?s enclos$ 9 ! ?91 d>k br[n1 scaly cup4 ,! yell[ k]nel is bitt]4 ,! ,,wood1 us$ & m>ket$ z r$ oak1 is h>d1 heavy1 /rong1 co>se-gra9$1 & *ecks easily4 ,x is a bright r$-br[n ) a ?9 out] edge ( pal] sapwood4 ,,s\!rn ,,r$ ,,oak ,qu]cus falcata ,mi*x4 ,s\!rn r$ oak1 commonly kn[n z r$ oak & =m]ly z ,spani% oak1 usually rea*es a height ( #hj feet & diamet] ( #c feet1 al?\gh l>g] trees are f\nd4 ,x gr[s on dry hills 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate to ! ,brazos ,riv]1 :ile ?ree v>ieties are f\nd 9 ri*]1 m moi/ locations4 ,its l>ge spread+ bran*es =m a broad1 r\nd1 op5 top4 ,! ,,b>k is r\gh1 n deeply furr[$1 & v>ies f light gray on y\ng] trees to d>k gray or almo/ black on old] ones4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s\!rn ,,r$ ,,oak 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are decidu\s1 ) pe>-%ap$ or irregul>1 r\nd$ or n>r[ bri/le-tipp$ lobes1 ! c5tral lobe (t5 longe/4 ,v>iety pagodaefolia ,ell41 7,*]ryb>k ,oak7 has m num]\s lobes4 ,all leaves h br[n or gray d[n b5ea?4 ,! /am9ate ,,fl[]s appe> z catk9s #c-e in*es long 9 ,april :ile ! leaves unfold4 ,! ,,fruit rip5s ! second ye>4 ,! small1 r\nd$1 in* long acorn is set 9 a ?9 sauc]-%ap$ cup t tap]s to a %ort /alk4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 co>se-gra9$1 & valuable = lumb]4 ,! b>k is ri* 9 tann94 ,! tree is also desirable = %ade & ornam5tal use4 ,,blackjack ,,oak ,qu]cus m>il&ica ,mu5*h4 ,! occurr5ce ( blackjack oak is said to indicate poor soil s9ce x (t5 occurs on dry or poorly dra9$1 gravelly1 clay1 or s&y upl& soils :]e few o!r =e/ trees ?rive4 ,?is p]haps acc\nts *iefly = its sl[ rate ( gr[?4 ,x is f\nd 9 ^? p>ts ( ! /ate t support a natural tree gr[?1 z f> we/ z ,callahan ,c\nty4 ,! tree sometimes rea*es a height ( #ej or #fj feet & a diamet] ( #af in*es1 b x is usually mu* small]4 ,its h>d1 /iff1 droop+ bran*es =m a d5se cr[n :i* usually conta9s _m p]si/5t dead twigs4 ,! ,,b>k is r\gh1 v d>k1 (t5 ne>ly black1 & 8blocky02 inn] b>k bright orange or yell[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,blackjack ,,oak 7,twig1 two-?irds natural size2 leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are decidu\s1 tawny-pubesc5t1 ( lea!ry texture1 d>k gre5 on ! upp] surface1 light] und]nea?1 broadly w$ge-%ap$1 & v>iable 9 %ape1 #d to #aj in*es long & ab\t ! same 9 wid?4 ,! ,,fruit is an acorn ab\t in* long1 yell[-br[n & (t5 /rip$1 enclos$ = half its l5g? or m 9 a ?ick1 light-br[n cup4 ,! acorns mature at ! end ( ! second season2 fle% ( cotyl$ons yell[4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d & /rong4 ,x is us$ = firewood & is made into *>coal4 ,,wat] ,,oak ,qu]cus nigra ,l4 ,wat] oak is native along ! bord]s ( swamps & /reams & on ri* bottoml&s 9 ,texas z f> we/ z ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,x has be5 widely plant$ along /reets & 9 p>ks z a %ade tree4 ,:5 fully gr[n ?is tree rea*es a height ( ab\t #hj feet & a diamet] exce$+ #a to #c feet4 ,! ,,b>k is smoo?1 light br[n t+$ ) r$1 & has _m smoo?1 ?9 scales ov] ! surface4 ,wat] oak c be be/ di/+ui%$ f ! will[ oak--a close associate1 b long]-liv$--by ! diff]5ces 9 ! g5]al %ape & size ( leaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wat] ,,oak 7,leaf1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig & fruit1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 q v>iable 9 %ape1 mo/ly oblong1 broad] ne> ! po9t1 & m n>r[ at ! base1 giv+ a w$ge-%ap$ effect1 (t5 slightly ?ree-lob$ at ! out] end1 ?91 & ( a dull blui%-gre5 color1 pal] bel[ ?an above2 mo/ly smoo?1 & usually #b or #c in*es long & #a to #b in*es wide2 rema9 gre5 = "s "t1 !n turn yell[ & gradually fall f ! tree dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! ,,fl[]s appe> 9 ,april :5 ! leaves beg9 to unfold4 ,! ,,fruit1 an acorn1 matures at ! end ( ! second season4 ,! acorn is f to in* long & ne>ly z broad1 light br[n or yell[i%-br[n & (t5 /rip$1 enclos$ at ! base only 9 a ?9 sauc]-%ap$ cup4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 & /rong1 light br[n 9 color1 ) light]-color$ sapwood4 ,! wood is utiliz$ *iefly = cros/ies & fuel4 ,,will[ ,,oak 7,p9 ,oak7 ,qu]cus phellos ,l4 ,will[ oak1 also call$ wat] oak1 & p9 oak1 occurs 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate to ! ,brazos ,riv]4 ,x is frequ5tly f\nd 9 l[l&s & along ! bord]s ( riv]s & swamps1 b (t5 also on ri* s&y upl&s4 ,x is a beautiful & long-liv$ tree1 & desirable = roadsides1 lawns & p>ks4 ,! ,,b>k is g5]ally smoo? & ( a r$di%-br[n color2 ) age1 ! b>k becomes slightly r\gh5$ & divid$ by n>r[ ridges4 ,illu/ration3 ,,will[ ,,oak 7,twig1 "o-half natural size2 leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! sl5d] will[-l ,,leaves on a tree ^: habit ( gr[? is manife/ly t ( an oak1 make ! tree easy to id5tify 9 ! =e/4 ,! decidu\s leaves are #b to #e in*es long & to #a in* wide1 smoo?1 light gre5 & %9y above1 b dull & usually smoo? bel[2 alt]nate 9 arrangem5t on ! twig & borne on a %ort /\t petiole4 ,! ,,fruit1 small acorns1 closely set along ! /em1 matures at ! end ( ! second ye>4 ,! nut is a light yell[-br[n hemisph]e1 ab\t in* 9 diamet]1 its base sc>cely enclos$ 9 ! %all[1 pale gre5i%-r$ or r$di%-br[n cup4 ,! nuts are eat5 z food by bluejays1 grackles 7blackbirds71 sev]al o!r species ( birds1 & by rod5ts4 ,! ,,wood is n sep>at$ comm]cially f o!r species 9 ! r$ oak gr\p4 ,x is heavy1 /rong1 r co>se-gra9$1 light br[n t+$ ) r$1 & n durable :5 expos$ to ! wea!r4 ,x is us$ locally = cros/ies1 bridge planks1 b>n sills1 & g5]al con/ruction4 ,,bluejack ,,oak 7,s&jack ,oak7 ,qu]cus incana ,b>tr4 ,?is species1 :i* gr[s on dry s& hills1 is usually no m ?an #be feet 9 height & #e or #f in*es 9 diamet]2 rang+ ma9ly ?r\gh ,ea/ ,texas ext5d+ z f> we/ z ! ,brazos ,riv] & scatt]+ 9 ,c5tral & ,nor?we/ ,texas4 ,! ,,b>k is simil> to t ( blackjack1 be+ divid$ into ?ick ne>ly squ>e blocks #a to #b in*es 9 l5g? & cov]$ ) small d>k br[n or ne>ly black scales slightly t+$ ) r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bluejack ,,oak 7,leaves1 twigs1 & fruit ab\t two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,leaves ( ?is tree are oblong-lanceolate1 pale blue-gre5 above1 almo/ :ite b5ea?2 #b to #e in*es 9 l5g? & #a to l in*es 9 wid? ) a /\t yell[ midrib4 ,! tree is mo/ attractive 9 e>ly spr+ :5 x is cov]$ ) ! light r$ fl[]s & "y leaves4 ,,acorns are produc$ 9 great pr(usion1 sessile1 or on a %ort /ock4 ,!y are r\nd$ at ! ends1 /riate1 & ab\t in* 9 l5g?1 & mature at ! end ( ! second ye>4 ,! ,,wood is h>d1 /rong1 close-gra9$1 light br[n1 t+$ ) r$4 ,x has a d>k color$ sapwood4 ,! wood is ( no value except = fuel4 ,!re are sev]al hybrids ( ?is species report$ 9 ,texas4 ,,emory ,,oak ,qu]cus emoryi ,torr4 ,9 ! canyons & on ! s\!rn slopes ( ! ,davis & ,*isos ,m\nta9s occurs ?is int]e/+ oak ) glossy1 sp9y1 8holly-l0 leaves1 & sweet1 edible acorns4 ,a small r\nd-topp$ tree up to #cj or #dj feet 9 height1 ! emory oak has droop+ bran*es & sl5d]1 decid$ly r$di% bran*lets4 ,! ,,leaves are mo/ly p]si/5t1 oblong1 po9t$1 smoo? or %>ply too!d along ! m>g91 ?ick1 v glossy gre51 ab\t #b in*es long & less ?an #a in* wide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,emory ,,oak 7,leaf ?ree-f\r?s natural size2 fruit & twig1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size7 ,! acorn1 or ,,fruit1 is borne close to ! bran*let & matures 9 "o season4 ,x is oblong 9 %ape1 in* or m 9 l5g?1 ) a d>k br[n or ne>ly black nut enclos$ = ab\t "o-?ird its l5g? 9 a n>r[ cup4 ,! latt] is l9$ ) d5se gray fuzz or 8tom5tum40 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 /rong1 some:at brittle1 close-gra9$1 d>k br[n1 ) light br[n sapwood t+$ ) r$4 ,! acorns are an important article ( food = ,mexicans & ,indians4 ,,mexican ,,blue ,,oak 7,q4 oblongifolia ,torr471 closely resembl+ emory oak1 is a small] tree & does n occur at ! high] elevations 7ov] #f1jjj ft47 :]e emory oak may be f\nd4 ,,gray ,,oak 7,qu]cus grisea ,liebm47 occurs 9 ! ,trans-,pecos area 9 ,texas4 ,?is species is a scrub or small tree #bj to #cj feet high1 b sometimes rea*+ a height ( #fe feet4 ,,live ,,oak ,qu]cus virg9iana ,mill4 ,live oak range ext5ds f s\!a/]n ,virg9ia ?r\gh ! l[] ,coa/al ,pla9 ( ! ,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates2 9 ,texas1 f ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,gr&e nor? to ! ,r$ ,riv] & we/ to ! ,guadalupe ,m\nta9s1 also 9 s\!rn ,mexico & ,cuba4 ,x is a tree ( /rik+ "* f its wide-spread+ habit2 sometimes rea*+ m ?an #ajj feet 9 spread2 ) a %ort /\t trunk1 #c to #d feet 9 diamet]1 divid+ 9 sev]al l>ge limbs ) ne>ly horizontal bran*es1 =m+ a l[1 d5se1 r\nd-topp$ head4 ,its height is commonly f #dj to #ej feet4 ,! ,,b>k on ! trunk & l>ge bran*es is d>k br[n t+$ ) r$1 & slightly furr[$4 ,x gr[s to l>ge/ size on ! ri* hammocks & l[ ridges ne> ! coa/ & only a few feet above ! wat] level4 ,sl[-gr[+ & long-liv$1 x is "o ( ! mo/ desirable trees = roadside & ornam5tal plant+ ?r\gh\t mo/ ( its range4 ,x is "o ( ! v few trees t is app>5tly immune to cotton root-rot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,live ,,oak 7,leaf1 natural size2 fruit & twig1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 p]si/5t1 ?ick1 lea!ry1 oblong1 smoo? above1 pale & silv]y :ite b5ea?2 f #b to #d in*es 9 l5g? & #a to #b in*es 9 bread?4 ,! ,,fruit is an acorn ab\t #a in* long & in* wide1 borne on a long /em or p$uncle2 x is oblong1 d>k br[n & lu/r\s1 & set 9 a top-%ap$1 d[ny cup ( a light r$di%-br[n color4 ,! acorn matures at ! end ( ! fir/ season4 ,! ,,wood is v heavy1 h>d1 /rong & t\gh1 light br[n or yell[1 ) ne>ly :ite1 ?9 sapwood4 ,x 0 =m]ly l>gely us$ 9 %ip build+4 ,,mohrs ,,oak 7,%9 ,oak7 ,qu]cus mohriana ,buckl4 ,ov] a wide section ( ,c5tral ,texas1 on inf]ior soils1 are f\nd f\r or m species ( 8%90 oaks1 s call$ f _! l[-gr[+ bu%y habit4 ,mature trees v>y f #c to #ah feet high4 ,^! are consid]ably alike 9 foliage & fruit4 ,! 8oak %9n]ies0 =m a =e/ cov] 9 ,c5tral ,texas t af=ds wat]%$ protection on ! head wat]s ( "s ( ! /ate's ma9 riv]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mohrs ,,oak 7,fruit1 natural size2 leaf1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! tree has a ?91 pale-color$ ,,b>k1 r\gh1 ) deep furr[s runn+ up & d[n ! tree4 ,! decidu\s ,,leaves ( ! above small-tree species ( %9 oak are elliptical1 po9t$ or r\nd$ at ! end1 smoo? or wavy or sometimes lob$ or slightly too!d along ! m>g94 ,!y are ?ick1 gray-gre51 d5se hairy b5ea?1 ab\t #c in*es long by #a in* wide4 ,! acorns1 or ,,fruit1 occur solit>ily or 9 pairs1 on v %ort p$uncles1 & mature 9 "o season4 ,!y are small1 deeply enclos$ 9 a relatively heavy cup1 ?9 t[>d ! out] end4 ,! ,,wood ( ,mohrs oak is n ( economic importance4 ,,dur& ,,oak 7,dur& ,:ite ,oak7 ,qu]cus dur&ii ,buckl4 ,?is oak is f\nd on ! well-dra9$ soil ( riv] bottoms f ! coa/ region ( ,ea/ ,texas to ! bottoms ( ! ,guadalupe ,riv] 7,victoria ,c\nty7 & inl& to ,san ,saba ,c\nty1 & ! ,dallas area4 ,x =ms a tree #fj to #ij feet high ) a tall trunk #b to #c feet 9 diamet]2 comp>atively small bran*es1 ! l[] horizontal1 ! upp] asc5d+1 =m+ a d5se1 r\nd-topp$1 h&some head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dur& ,,oak 7,leaves & fruit1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is ?91 light gray or ne>ly :ite & brok5 into loose appress$ scales4 ,! decidu\s ,,leaves are #b to #g in*es long1 yell[-gre51 ?91 smoo? on ! edges1 ?ree-lob$ t[>d ! tip1 or irregul>ly lob$1 ! ?ree =ms appe>+ on diff]5t bran*es ( ! same tree4 ,! ,,fruit1 an acorn1 solit>y or 9 pairs on a v %ort p$uncle1 is ne>ly egg-%ap$1 pale *e/nut-br[n1 %9n+1 to in* long1 & b>ely enclos$ at ! base 9 ! ?9 sauc]-%ap$ cup4 ,! acorn matures 9 "o season4 ,! ,,wood is h>d & heavy & is us$ l>gely z fuel4 ,,:ite ,,oak ,qu]cus alba ,l4 ,)9 its natural range1 :i* includes practically ! entire ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! :ite oak is "o ( ! mo/ important timb] trees4 ,f\nd 9 ,ea/ ,texas to ! ,brazos ,riv]1 x commonly rea*es a height ( #hj feet & a diamet] ( #c feet4 ,x is f\nd on high quality soils4 ,gr[n 9 a d5se /& x has a long1 /raight trunk1 free ( side bran*es = ov] half ( its height4 ,9 ! op51 x develops a %ort trunk & broad cr[n ) f>-rea*+ limbs4 ,! ,,b>k is ?91 light a%y gray & cov]$ ) loose scales or broad plates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,oak 7,twig1 "o-half natural size2 leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! decidu\s ,,leaves are alt]nate1 simple1 #e to #i in*es long & ab\t half z broad4 ,!y are deeply divid$ into #e to #i r\nd$1 f+]-l lobes4 ,! "y leaves are a s(t silv]y-gray or yell[ or r$ :ile unfold+1 lat] becom+ bright gre5 & lu/r\s or dull above & mu* pal] & glauc\s bel[4 ,! ,,fruit1 an acorn matur+ 9 "o season1 is to #a in* long1 light br[n1 & ab\t "o-f\r? enclos$ 9 a w>ty cup4 ,! acorn is reli%$ by hogs & o!r live/ock4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 /rong1 h>d1 t\gh1 close-gra9$1 durable1 & light br[n 9 color4 ,! uses are _m1 includ+ con/ruction1 wat]tight b>rels1 furniture1 wagons1 implem5ts1 int]ior f9i%1 floor+1 & fuel4 ,al?\gh :ite oak is sl[ gr[+1 x is valuable = =e/1 highway & ornam5tal plant+4 ,,po/ ,,oak ,qu]cus /ellata ,wang5h4 ,po/ oak ( ,texas is usually a m$ium-siz$ tree1 ) a r\nd$ cr[n1 commonly rea*+ a height ( #ej feet & a diamet] ( #a foot1 b sometimes consid]ably l>g]4 ,x is ! common oak 9 ,c5tral ,texas & occurs frequ5tly 9 ,ea/ ,texas4 ,x occurs mo/ abundantly on ! poor] upl& soils t h poor dra9age4 ,! decidu\s ,,leaves are usually #d to #e in*es long & ne>ly z broad1 deeply five-lob$ ) broad r\nd$ divisions1 ! lobes broade/ at ! ends4 ,!y are ?ick & some:at lea!ry1 d>k gre5 & %9y on ! upp] surface1 light] gre5 & r\gh hairy b5ea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,po/ ,,oak 7,leaf & twig1 "o-?ird natural size2 fruit1 "o-f\r? natural size7 ,! ,,fl[]s1 l ^? ( ! o!r oaks1 are ( two k9ds on ! same tree1 ! male 9 droop+ clu/]$ catk9s1 ! female inconspicu\s4 ,! ,,fruit1 an oval acorn to #a in* long1 is set 9 a r small cup :i* has ?9 scales & may or may n be /alk$4 ,! fruit matures 9 "o season4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 close-gra9$1 light to d>k br[n1 & durable 9 contact ) ! soil4 ,x is us$ = cros/ies & f5ce po/s1 & occasionally = furniture & lumb]4 ,aside f ! typical =m1 two v>ieties are f\nd 9 ! /ate4 ,! v>iety m>g>etta 7,a%e7 ,s>g4 is ! common po/ oak ( ea/]n ,texas4 ,,bur ,,oak 7,mossy-,cup ,oak7 ,qu]cus macroc>pa ,mi*x4 ,bur oak occurs ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate & z f> we/ z ,callahan & ,m5>d ,c\nties1 9 ri* bottoml&s along /reams1 or on ri* hillsides along spr+-f$ riv]s4 ,! "n alludes to ! fr+e ar\nd ! cup ( ! acorn1 :i* is sometimes l>ge4 ,! tree usually has a broad top ( heavy spread+ bran*es & a relatively %ort body4 ,9 maturity x atta9s a diamet] ( #e feet or m & a height ( ov] #hj feet4 ,! bran*es frequ5tly h conspicu\s corky ridges aft] ! second ye>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bur ,,oak 7,illu/rations1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is light gray & is usually brok5 up into small n>r[ flakes4 ,! decidu\s ,,leaves resemble some:at ^? ( ! common :ite oak1 b are mu* l>g] & h a pair ( deep ind5tations on _! bord] ne> ! base1 & wavy not*es on ! broad1 middle & upp] portions ( ! leaf4 ,!y range f #f to #ab in*es long & #c to #f in*es wide4 ,! ,,fruit1 or acorn1 is set deeply 9 ! fr+$ cup4 ,! fruit is usually #a in* or m 9 diamet] b v>ies widely 9 respect to size & ! degree to :i* ! nut is enclos$ 9 ! mossy-fr+$ cup4 ,! fruit matures 9 "o season4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 t\gh & durable4 ,x is us$ = mu* ! same purposes z ! o!r :ite oaks--= lumb]1 cros/ies1 & fuel4 ,,ov]cup ,,oak ,qu]cus lyrata ,walt4 ,ov]cup oak1 sometimes kn[n z ! swamp po/ oak or wat] :ite oak1 becomes a l>ge tree ) small1 (t5 p5dul\s bran*es4 ,x is f\nd 9 moi/1 ri* bottoml&s 9 ,ea/ ,texas to ! ,navasota ,riv] ,valley4 ,! ,,leaves are decidu\s1 #g to #i in*es long1 #a to #d in*es broad1 oblong1 wid] t[>d ! po9t1 n>r[$ at ! base1 d>k gre5 above1 (t5 :iti% b5ea?1 ) #g to #i di/9ct po9t$ lobes4 ,!y frequ5tly turn to a bright sc>let or to sc>let & orange 9 ! fall4 ,! ,,b>k is r\gh1 flaky1 & gray t+$ ) r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ov]cup ,,oak 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,fl[]s op5 ) ! unfold+ ( ! leaves4 ,! ,,fruit1 an acorn1 rip5s 9 "o season4 ,! l>ge r\nd$ or some:at flatt5$ acorn1 an in* or m across & to #a in* high1 is ne>ly cov]$ by ! ovate or ne>ly sph]ical cup1 :i* is ?ick5$ at ! base b gradually gr[s ?9n]1 (t5 irregul>ly split at ! m>g9 ( ! cup4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 & durable & is us$ = ! same purposes z t ( :ite oak4 ,,swamp ,,*e/nut ,,oak ,qu]cus mi*auxii ,nutt4 ,?is species1 also call$ basket oak & c[ oak1 is di/+ui%$ by hav+ a wavy leaf-m>g91 a l>ge fruit :i* is sessile or v %ort /alk$1 & by ! fact t x occurs 9 its greate/ abundance 9 bottoml&s4 ,x is conf9$ *iefly to ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate z f> we/ z ! ,tr9ity ,riv]4 ,9 ! appe>ance ( its b>k & bran*es x closely resembles ! ord9>y :ite oak1 b ! leaf lacks deep ind5tations & ! acorn is usually l>g]4 ,! tree atta9s heights ( ab\t #ajj feet & diamet]s ( ab\t #d feet4 ,! ,,leaves are decidu\s1 obovate or oblong ovate1 not*$ on ! edge some:at l ! *9kap9 oak1 b ! lobes are r\nd$ in/ead ( po9t$4 ,!y v>y f #d to #h in*es 9 l5g?1 are d[ny b5ea? & turn a ri* crimson 9 ! fall4 ,! ,,b>k is v light gray1 & on old trees is brok5 into broad flakes or divid$ into /rips4 ,illu/ration3 ,,swamp ,,*e/nut ,,oak 7,twig1 "o-half natural size2 fruit & leaf1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! acorn1 or ,,fruit1 matures 9 "o season & atta9s a diamet] ( m ?an an in* & a l5g? ( #a in*es4 ,! acorn is a bright1 %9y br[n & set 9 a r %all[ cup4 ,! acorn is frequ5tly eat5 by c[s & ?is fact gives ! tree "o ( its common names4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 t\gh1 /rong1 & takes an excell5t poli%4 ,x is us$ 9 manufactur+ lumb]1 v5e]1 bo>ds 7%akes71 wat]-tight b>rels1 fuel1 f5ce po/s1 & baskets4 ,,*9kap9 ,,oak ,qu]cus muhl5b]gii ,engelm4 ,?is oak1 also kn[n z *e/nut oak1 occurs ov] ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate & we/ to ! ,guadalupe ,riv]2 also on ! ,guadalupe ,m\nta9s4 ,x gr[s on mo/ classes ( soils1 except 9 swamps1 & is t5aci\s on %all[1 dry1 lime/one soil4 ,! ,,b>k is light gray1 & breaks up 9 ! %ort n>r[ flakes on ! ma9 trunk & old limbs4 ,x rea*es a height ( #bj to #ej feet4 ,! /raight1 %apely trunk be>s a r\nd-topp$ head compos$ ( small bran*es1 :i* makes x an attractive %ade tree4 ,! ,,leaves are decidu\s1 oblong1 #c to #f in*es 9 l5g?1 #a to #c in*es wide1 equally too!d or not*$ on ! edges1 resembl+ ! leaves ( *e/nut oak4 ,! ,,fruit1 :i* rip5s 9 ! fall ( ! fir/ season1 is light to d>k br[n :5 ripe1 & edible if roa/$4 ,?is acorn is to ne>ly #a in* long1 usually less ?an #a in* 9 diamet]1 & set 9 a %all[ cup4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 durable1 & takes an excell5t poli%4 ,x is us$ = b>rels1 f5c+1 cros/ies1 fuel1 & occasionally = furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*9kap9 ,,oak 7,leaf1 "o-half natural size2 twig & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,,am]ican ,,elm 7,:ite ,elm7 ,ulmus am]icana ,l4 ,! range ( ?is fam\s ,am]ican %ade tree ext5ds we/ to ! ,dakotas & s\?w>d to ,coke ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,)9 ?is va/ area1 x is g5]ally common except 9 ! high m\nta9s & wet bottoml&s4 ,x rea*es an av]age height ( #fj feet & a diamet] ( #c feet4 ,! ,,b>k is d>k gray1 divid$ into irregul> flat-topp$1 ?ick ridges1 & is g5]ally firm4 ,an incision into an out] ridge ( b>k w %[ alt]nate br[n & cream color$ lay]s4 ,a cross section ( slipp]y elm b>k is uni=mly cream or tan color$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,elm 7,twig1 "o-half natural size2 leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are alt]nate1 simple1 #d to #f in*es long1 r ?ick1 some:at lopsid$1 d\ble too!d on ! m>g91 & ei!r smoo? or scabr\s above & s(t pubesc5t or glabrate bel[4 ,! leaf ve9s are v pron\nc$ & run 9 p>allel l9es f ! midrib to ! leaf m>g94 ,! ,,fl[]s are small1 p]fect1 gre5i%1 on sl5d] p$icels1 soon p5dul\s1 & appe> be=e ! leaves4 ,! ,,fruit rip5s 9 ! spr+ & is a light gre51 oval-%ap$ sam>a 7w+$ fruit7 ) ! se$ portion 9 ! c5t] & surr\nd$ entirely by a w+4 ,a deep not* 9 ! end ( ! w+ is di/9ctive ( ! species4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 t\gh1 & difficult to split4 ,x is us$ = hubs ( :eels1 saddle trees1 v5e] = baskets & crates1 & slack coop]age4 ,am]ican elm is rapidly be+ de/roy$ 9 ! ,ea/ & ,midwe/ by ! ,dut* elm disease & by phloem necrosis4 ,,w+$ ,,elm ,ulmus alata ,mi*x4 ,w+$ elm gets its common "n f ! ?9 corky gr[? or 8w+s01 usually f\nd on small] bran*es4 ,^! 8w+s0 g5]ally end abruptly at ! leaf nodes z contra/$ by ! c$> elm 7p4 #fc7 ^: 8w+s0 are g5]ally cont9u\s4 ,on l>ge rapidly gr[+ trees ! w+s are (t5 abs5t4 ,x occurs 9 ea/]n ,texas s\? to ! valley ( ! ,guadalupe ,riv]1 on dry upl&s1 & 9 moi/ soils along /reams & swamps4 ,x gr[s rapidly 9 moi/ situations1 & may also be plant$ along roadsides 9 relatively dry1 poor locations4 ,x is comp>atively free f disease1 ?\gh n long-liv$4 ,w+$ elm is a m$ium-siz$ tree #dj to #ej feet 9 height & r>ely z l>ge z #b feet 9 diamet]4 ,x =ms a r op51 r\nd-topp$ head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w+$ ,,elm 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is light br[n t+$ ) r$1 & divid$ by irregul> %all[ fissures into flat ridges4 ,! ,,leaves are simple alt]nate1 #b to #d in*es long & #a to #b in*es broad1 co>sely d\ble-too!d1 ?ick1 d>k gre5 & smoo? above1 & pale & pale-pubesc5t or glabr\s bel[ ) auxili>y hairs & prom95t ve9s4 ,! leaves are small & po9t$ at ! tip1 :i* di/+ui%es !m f ! small blunt leaves ( ! c$> elm4 ,! ,,fl[]s appe> 9 e>ly spr+1 long be=e ! leaves unfold4 ,! ,,fruit rip5s 9 ! spr+ ab\t ! "t ! leaves appe>2 x is w+$1 tipp$ ) two1 small1 incurv$ arms or beaks2 oblong1 r$di%-br[n2 ab\t in* long1 ) a long1 sl5d] p$icel at ! base1 & cov]$ ) :ite hairs4 ,! ,,wood is v simil> to t ( ! o!r elms--heavy1 h>d1 & difficult to split4 ,x is occasionally us$ = hubs & mauls4 ,=m]ly1 rope made ( ! inn] b>k 0 us$ = b9d+ ! cov]s to cotton bales4 ,,c$> ,,elm ,ulmus crassifolia ,nutt4 ,c$> elm is di/ribut$ widely ov] ! /ate1 ne> /reams1 9 deep ri* soil1 & on dry1 lime/one hills4 ,x is ! mo/ common elm tree ( ,texas1 ext5d+ to ! ,pecos ,riv]4 ,x =ms a tree up to #ge feet high ) a tall /raight trunk #b to #c feet 9 diamet]1 & ) an inv]sely conic r\nd-topp$ head & droop+ bran*es4 ,x rea*es its l>ge/ size on ! bottoml&s ( ! ,guadalupe & ,tr9ity ,riv]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c$> ,,elm 7,illu/rations1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is light-br[n t+$ ) r$1 deeply fissur$1 ) flatt5$1 scaly ridges4 ,! "y twigs are f9ely velvet & r$di%1 sometimes develop+ ?9 corky w+s :i* cont9ue ar\nd ! leaf nodes4 ,! ,,leaves are small1 ! l>ge/ less ?an #b in*es long1 (t5 d\ble too!d & usually r blunt at ! tip4 ,_! upp] surface is d>k gre5 & r\gh1 :ile ! l[] surface & petiole are hairy4 ,! ,,fl[]s1 :i* appe> 9 ! autumn1 are 9 small %ort-p$icell$ clu/]s at ! axils ( ! leaves4 ,! ,,fruit1 an oval-%ap$ sam>a slightly m ?an in* long1 is hairy all ov]1 especially on ! edges & is deeply not*$ at ! tip4 ,! ,,wood is r$di%-br[n1 brittle1 & ) a ?ick lay] ( light] color$ sapwood4 ,! wood is sometimes us$ 9 ! manufacture ( hubs1 furniture1 & f5c+4 ,,slipp]y ,,elm 7,r$ ,elm7 ,ulmus rubra ,muhl4 ,slipp]y elm1 or r$ elm1 is f\nd 9 ! ea/]n & s\!rn p>ts ( ! /ate z f> z ! upp] ,guadalupe & ,leon ,riv]s 9 ,k]r & ,comal ,c\nties4 ,x is f\nd pr9cipally on ! banks ( /reams & on l[ hillsides 9 ri* soil4 ,x is a tree ( small to mod]ate size1 b noticeably wide-spread+4 ,x is usually less ?an #dj feet 9 height & #f in*es 9 diamet]1 al?\gh trees ( l>g] dim5sions are occasionally f\nd4 ,! ,,b>k on ! trunk is frequ5tly #a in* ?ick1 d>k grayi%-br[n on ! surface1 uni=mly tan or cream color$ 9 cross section1 & brok5 by %all[ fissures into flat ridges4 ,! inn] b>k is us$ to "s ext5t = m$ic9al purposes &1 :5 *ew$1 af=ds a slipp]y mucilag9\s sub/ance1 :5ce ! tree gets its "n4 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 alt]nate on ! /em1 #d to #f in*es 9 l5g?1 %>p-po9t$1 _! bases unsymmetrical1 d\bly too!d on ! edges1 ?ick1 d>k gre51 & v r\gh above1 pubesc5t bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,slipp]y ,,elm 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,fl[]s appe> 9 e>ly spr+ & are ne>ly sessile4 ,! ,,fruit1 a sam>a1 in* long & in* 9 diamet]1 consi/s ( a se$ surr\nd$ by a ?91 broad1 gre5i% w+4 ,! fruit rip5s :5 ! leaves are ab\t half gr[n4 ,! m>g9 ( ! fruit is n ciliate4 ,! ,,wood is close-gra9$1 t\gh1 /rong1 heavy1 h>d1 & mod]ately durable 9 contact ) ! soil4 ,slipp]y elm & ,am]ican elm are sold comm]cially z 8s(t elm10 & h simil> uses4 ,,plan] ,,tree 7,wat] ,elm7 ,plan]a aquatica 7,walt47 ,gmel4 ,plan] tree or wat] elm is f\nd on l[ wet l&s along ! /reams ( ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate z f> we/ z ,brazos & ,matagorda ,c\nties4 ,x =ms a small spread+ tree ) a l[ broad head #cj to #dj feet 9 height & ) a maximum trunk diamet] ( #bj in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan] ,,tree 7,illu/rations1 ne>ly natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is light br[n or gray1 ab\t in* ?ick1 & sep>ates into l>ge scales4 ,! ,,leaves resemble ^? ( ! small-leav$ elms4 ,!y are #b to #b in*es long1 to #a in* wide on a %ort petiole1 d>k dull gre5 above & pal] on ! l[] surface1 & h yell[i% ve9s4 ,! ,,fl[]s appe> ) ! leaves 9 ,m>* or e>ly ,april4 ,! small fl[]s are sometimes p]fect2 occasionally ! male & female fl[]s are borne sep>ately on ! same tree4 ,! ,,fruit is a peculi>1 r\nd$1 %aggy-appe>+ /ructure1 ab\t in* long4 ,x consi/s ( a nut-l c5t] cov]$ ) s(t & irregul> w+-l outgr[?s :i* ext5d out on all sides f ! c5t]4 ,! ,,wood is light br[n1 co>se-gra9$ & s(t1 v light 9 weight1 & has a broad zone ( ne>ly :ite sapwood4 ,! wood has little economic value4 ,,hackb]ry ,celtis occid5talis ,l4 ,hackb]ry is f\nd ov] ea/]n ,texas on v>i\s types ( soil4 ,x is usually a m$ium-siz$ to l>ge tree1 becom+ #fj to #ajj feet or m high & #aj to #bj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,its limbs are (t5 crook$ & angul> & be> a head made ( sl5d]1 p5dant bran*es or %ort1 bri/ly1 /ubby twigs4 ,9 ! op51 ! cr[n is g5]ally symmetrical4 ,x makes an excell5t %ade tree4 ,! ,,b>k is br[ni%-gray1 "o in* or m ?ick1 & g5]ally v r\gh ) _m scale-l or w>ty projections ( dead b>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hackb]ry 7,leaf & fruit1 two-?irds natural size2 twig1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 ovate1 alt]nate1 "o-sid$1 #b to #d in*es long1 ?ick1 v r\gh above1 gre5 on bo? surfaces1 & ! edges too!d t[>d ! long po9t4 ,! ,,fl[]s are inconspicu\s1 & ! two k9ds are borne on ! same tree4 ,!y appe> 9 ,april or ,may1 & are ( a creamy gre5i% color4 ,! ,,fruit is a r\nd1 some:at oblong1 drupe or b]ry1 d>k purple1 in* 9 diamet]1 rip5+ 9 ,septemb]4 ,! p$uncle 7fruit /em7 is mu* long] ?an ! petiole ( ! leaf4 ,x has a ?91 purpli% sk91 & sweet yell[i% fle%4 ,! b]ries frequ5tly hang on ! tree mo/ ( ! w9t]4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 r s(t1 weak1 & decays readily :5 expos$4 ,x is us$ *iefly = fuel1 & occasionally = lumb]4 ,! range ( ?is hackb]ry ext5ds f> into ! nor!rn & nor!a/]n p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,sug>b]ry 7,sug> ,hackb]ry7 ,celtis laevigata ,willd4 ,sug>b]ry is di/ribut$ widely ov] ! ea/]n half ( ! /ate4 ,x occurs mo/ abundantly & atta9s greate/ size 9 ri* alluvial soil1 b ?rives on v>i\s soil types4 ,! species may gr[ #cj to #ej feet high & #aj to #bj in*es 9 diamet]1 ?\gh sometimes mu* l>g]4 ,its limbs are spread+ or p5dul\s1 =m+ a broad head4 ,its bran*lets are sl5d]1 light gre51 glabr\s or pubesc5t :5 "y1 & bright r$di%-br[n dur+ _! fir/ w9t]4 ,! ,,b>k is pale gray & cov]$ ) prom95t excresc5ces4 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 oblong-lanceolate1 "o-sid$1 #b to #e in*es long1 ?91 smoo?1 ) ! edges entire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sug>b]ry 7,leaf1 fruit1 & twig1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size7 ,! ,,fl[]s1 n conspicu\s1 are borne on sl5d]1 smoo? p$uncles 9 ,april or ,may1 & are ( a creamy-gre5i% color4 ,! ,,fruit is %ort-oblong to pe> %ap$1 orange-r$ or yell[1 in* 9 diamet]1 & rip5s 9 ,septemb]4 ,! p$uncle ( ! fruit is %ort] or slightly long] ?an ! petiole ( ! leaf4 ,! ,,wood is s(t1 weak1 close-gra9$1 & light yell[1 & is us$ occasionally = floor+ & furniture1 b *iefly = fuel4 ,,r$ ,,mulb]ry ,morus rubra ,l4 ,r$ mulb]ry occurs 9 ea/]n ,texas & we/ to ! canyon ( ,devils ,riv]1 ,valv]de ,c\nty4 ,x pref]s ri* moi/ soils4 ,x is a small tree1 r>ely #ej feet high & #b feet 9 diamet]1 (t5 gr[+ 9 ! %ade ( l>g] trees4 ,! ,,b>k is r ?91 d>k grayi%-br[n1 & peels (f 9 long n>r[ flakes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r$ ,,mulb]ry 7,twig1 two-?irds natural size2 leaves & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are alt]nate1 ?91 r\nd$ or some:at he>t-%ap$1 too!d1 po9t$1 #c to #e in*es long1 r\gh hairy above & s(t hairy b5ea?4 ,"s ( ! leaves are mitt5-%ap$ or lob$4 ,! ,,fl[]s are ( two k9ds1 on ! same or diff]5t trees1 9 long droop+ catk9s1 ! female catk9s %ort]1 appe>+ ) ! leaves4 ,! multiple ,,fruit is edible1 d>k purple or black :5 ripe1 & to #a in* long4 ,! ,,wood is r light1 s(t1 n /rong1 light orange-yell[1 & ! he>twood is durable 9 contact ) ! soil4 ,x is *iefly us$ = f5ce po/s4 ,! ,,texas ,,mulb]ry 7,morus microphylla ,buckl47 is f\nd 9 ,we/ ,texas & s\? f ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,its leaves are r>ely long] ?an #a in*es4 ,! ,,:ite ,,mulb]ry 7,morus alba ,l47 a native ( ,*9a1 has become naturaliz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,osage-,,orange 7,bois-d'arc7 ,maclura pomif]a 7,raf47 ,s*neid4 ,osage-orange1 8bod>k01 h$ge apple1 or mock orange is native to ea/]n & ,c5tral ,texas2 atta9+ its l>ge/ size 9 ! valley ( ! ,r$ ,riv] 9 ! nor!a/ "p ( ! /ate4 ,x commonly rea*es a height ( #bj to #dj feet & a diamet] ( #d to #ab in*es4 ,! ,,b>k is ?91 gray1 sometimes t+$ ) yell[2 on old trees x is divid$ into /rips or flakes4 ,x conta9s tann9 & has be5 us$ = tann+ lea!r4 ,! twigs are arm$ ) /\t1 /raight ?orns to #a in* long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,osage-,,orange 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-f\r? natural size2 leaf & twig1 ne>ly "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 alt]nate1 oval-po9t$ & lu/r\s gre5 on ! upp] surface1 #c to #e in*es long & #b to #c in*es wide1 & entire4 ,! leaves turn bright yell[ 9 ! autumn4 ,! yell[i% ,,fl[]s appe> 9 ,may2 two k9ds on ! same tree--! male fl[]s 9 a l9e> clu/] & ! female fl[]s a r\nd$ ball4 ,! ,,fruit is globul>1 f #b to #e in*es 9 diamet]1 resembl+ a r\gh1 gre5 orange4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 exce$+ly h>d1 v /rong1 & v durable 9 contact ) ! soil4 ,! he>twood is bright orange 9 color1 turn+ br[n ^u exposure4 ,x is l>gely us$ = po/s4 ,! ,indians priz$ ! wood = b[s & w> clubs4 ,! tree is plant$ = w9dbreaks & h$ges4 ,! b>k ( ! roots supply a yell[ dye4 ,,s\!rn ,,magnolia 7,ev]gre5 ,magnolia7 ,magnolia gr&iflora ,l4 ,magnolia is "o ( ! be/-kn[n trees 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate4 ,no o!r tree excels x 9 ! comb9$ beauty ( leaves & fl[]s4 ,occurr+ naturally 9 ri* moi/ soil on ! bord]s ( riv] swamps & ne>by upl&s 9 ! ,coa/al ,pla9 to ! valley ( ! ,brazos ,riv]1 x has be5 widely cultivat$ = its ornam5tal value4 ,9 its natural habitat1 x atta9s heights g5]ally ( #fj to #hj feet & trunk diamet]s up to #d feet4 ,! d5se pyramidal head1 or cr[n1 is made up ( num]\s small spread+ bran*es & bran*lets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s\!rn ,,magnolia 7,leaf & fl[]1 "o-f\r? natural size2 twig1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are ev]gre51 ?ick1 lea!ry1 elliptical or oval1 d>k gre5 & %9y above1 ru/y or silv]y b5ea?1 & mo/ly f #e to #h in*es long1 & #b to #c in*es wide1 ) prom95t midribs4 ,!y rema9 on ! tree = approximately #b ye>s4 ,! l>ge ,,fl[]s are #f to #h in*es broad1 ) pure :ite petals surr\nd+ a spla% ( bright purple 9 ! c5t]1 & h a pleas+ fragrance4 ,! ,,fruit is a r\nd$ or oval aggregate #c to #d in*es long conta9+ _m se$s1 ea* enclos$ 9 a follicle4 ,^! op5 9 ! fall & display ! bright r$ se$s dangl+ on sl5d] ?reads4 ,! ,,wood is mod]ately heavy1 h>d1 & ( a creamy color4 ,x is us$ *iefly = furniture1 ,v5etian bl9ds1 & fuel4 ,,sweetbay 7,sweetbay ,magnolia7 ,magnolia virg9iana ,l4 ,sweetbay1 bett] kn[n locally z :ite or swampbay1 is f\nd 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,texas p9e belt to we/]n ,montgom]y ,c\nty1 9 swamps & ri*1 moi/ soils4 ,(t5 appe>+ z a clump ( spr\ts 9 op5 woods1 9 d5se =e/s x gr[s z a tree #fj to #ij feet high1 & up to #c feet 9 diamet]4 ,! b>k is light gray2 ! bran*lets silky-:ite4 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 oblong1 pale gre5 above & hairy-:ite b5ea?1 #d to #f in*es long1 #a to #b in*es wide1 rema9+ on spr\t gr[? to spr+1 usually dropp+ f old] trees 9 ! fall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sweetbay 7,leaf1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 two-?irds natural size2 fruit1 "o-f\r? natural size7 ,! fragrant ,,fl[]s1 ) #i to #ab creamy-:ite petals on sl5d] smoo? /ems1 measure #b to #c in*es across4 ,!y cont9ue to op5 dur+ sev]al weeks ( spr+ & e>ly summ]4 ,! ,,fruit aggregate or 8bur0 is oval-%ap$1 d>k r$ or br[n1 ab\t #b in*es long1 & conta9s sc>let se$s :i* are usually oval1 flatt5$1 & less ?an in* long4 ,! ,,wood is s(t1 creamy :ite to r$di%1 & is us$ = furniture1 boxes1 wood5w>e1 & v5etian bl9ds4 ,,pawpaw ,asim9a triloba 7,l47 ,dunal ,?is odd & attractive tree does n gr[ abundantly 9 ,texas & seems to be little kn[n4 ,x is f\nd ne> /reams 9 ! extreme ea/ portion ( ! /ate & 9 great] abundance 9 ,h>rison & ,grayson ,c\nties4 ,x is seldom ov] #cj feet high ) a trunk #h or #aj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! ,,b>k on "y trees & bran*es is a smoo?1 clean br[n2 on old] trees becom+ blot*$ ) gray1 & be>+ a few small w>t-l excresc5ces4 ,! ,,leaves are obovate--lanceolate1 #h to #ab in*es long1 light1 bright gre5 above & pal] bel[4 ,! ,,fl[]s are /rik+ly *>act]i/ic4 ,! ?ree light gre51 hairy sepals are e>ly decidu\s4 ,! out] ?ree petals are a ri* br[ni%-purple & deeply ve9$4 ,! inn] ?ree petals are po9t$1 gl&ul>1 & erect4 ,! ,,fruit is an oblong b]ry #c to #f in*es long1 & conta9s a numb] ( l>ge1 br[n se$s4 ,:5 ripe x falls to ! gr\nd1 turn+ d>k br[n4 ,! deep yell[ fle% is palatable1 ?\gh "s p d n c>e = its unique flavor4 ,! tree blooms & be>s z a %rub or tree4 ,! ,,wood is light1 weak1 & spongy1 yell[ 9 color1 & is ( no kn[n value4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pawpaw 7,leaf1 "o-f\r? natural size2 twig1 two-?irds natural size7 ,,r$bay ,p]sea borbonia 7,l47 ,spr5g4 ,r$bay is native to ! ,atlantic & ,gulf ,coa/ /ates f ,virg9ia to s\!a/]n & s\!rn ,texas & is a memb] ( ! ,laurel family4 ,9 all1 ab\t #ajj species ( ,p]sea are f\nd 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,r$bay gr[s to #gj feet 9 height & #c feet 9 diamet]1 ) a well-%ap$ head ( erect1 /\t1 d>k gre5 bran*es4 ,x gr[s 9 moi/1 ri* soils along ! /reams & 9 swamps & sometimes 9 dri] soils along ) longleaf p9e1 ov] ! coa/al region4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r$bay 7,illu/rations1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! aromatic ,,leaves are oblong1 ?ick or lea!ry1 up to #d in*es 9 l5g? & #a in*es 9 wid?1 bright gre5 ) ! m>g9 entire & ) a n>r[1 orange-color$ midrib4 ,!y rema9 gre5 ov] ! fir/ w9t]4 ,! yell[i%-:ite ,,fl[]s are 9 small clu/]s4 ,! ,,fruit is a ne>ly r\nd1 r fle%y1 %9y1 d>k blue or ne>ly black drupe1 ab\t in* long4 ,x rip5s 9 ! autumn & conta9s a l>ge r\nd$ /one4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 bright r$1 ) ?91 light] color$ sapwood4 ,x is us$ = cab9et-mak+1 & int]ior h\se f9i%1 & has be5 us$ = boat con/ruction4 ,,silkbay 7,p]sea humilis ,na%7 is a dw>f or l[ gr[+ %rub or tree #f to #aj feet 9 height occurr+ 9 s\!rn ,texas4 ,,sassafras ,sassafras albidum 7,nutt47 ,nees ,?is small tree ) aromatic leaves & twigs is usually n ov] #dj feet 9 height or a foot 9 diamet]4 ,x is common 9 ,texas we/ to ! ,brazos ,riv] on ! dri] soils1 & is "o ( ! fir/ broad-leav$ trees to gr[ on ab&on$ fields1 :]e ! se$s are dropp$ by birds4 ,! species is closely relat$ to ! camphor tree ( ,japan4 ,! ,,b>k is r$-br[n & deeply furr[$ :ile ! b>k ( ! twigs is bright gre54 ,! ,,leaves are unusual 9 t !y v>y widely 9 %ape on ! same tree1 or ev5 on ! same twig4 ,"s are oval & entire1 #d to #f in*es long2 o!rs h "o lobe1 resembl+ a mitt52 :ile /ill o!rs are divid$ at ! out] end into #c di/9ct lobes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sassafras 7,twig1 "o-half natural size2 leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,fl[]s are clu/]$1 gre5i%-yell[1 & op5 ) ! fir/ unfold+ ( ! leaves4 ,! male & female fl[]s are usually on diff]5t trees4 ,! ,,fruit is an oblong1 d>k blue or black lu/r\s drupe surr\nd$ at ! base by :at appe>s to be a small orange-r$ or sc>let cup at ! end ( ! sc>let p$uncle4 ,! ,,wood is light1 s(t1 weak1 brittle1 & durable 9 ! soil2 ! he>twood is dull orange-br[n4 ,x is us$ = po/s & cros/ies4 ,! b>k ( ! roots yields ! v aromatic oil ( sassafras mu* us$ = flavor+ c&ies & v>i\s comm]cial products4 ,! b>k ( ! root is sold 9 small bundles = mak+ sassafras tea4 ,,wit*-,,hazel ,hamamelis virg9iana ,l4 ,?is tall-gr[+ %rub :i* has ! peculi> habit ( bloom+ 9 ! late fall & rip5+ its fruit 9 e>ly spr+ is native to ! extreme ea/]n portion ( ,texas1 be+ f\nd on ri* soils ( /reams or along ! bord]s ( ! =e/4 ,! ,,b>k is smoo?1 :ite1 gray1 & mottl$ ) light br[n4 ,! ,,leaves are usually obovate1 #c to #e in*es long1 prom95tly ve9$1 ) a wavy m>g91 v irregul> at ! base1 bright gre5 above & slightly pal] bel[4 ,!y are g5]ally smoo?4 ,! odd1 yell[ ,,fl[]s are borne 9 clu/]s along ! bran*1 ) long1 v n>r[ twi/$ petals4 ,!y develop dur+ ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 & ,janu>y1 ! "t dep5d+ some:at on ! wea!r1 & possess a refre%+ fragrance4 ,! ,,fruit is a h>d1 t\gh1 two-cell$ capsule1 ) two beaks4 ,x divides 9 half1 ea* half conta9+ a %9y black se$4 ,9 ! late summ] or e>ly autumn ! capsules pop op51 dis*>g+ ! se$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wit*-,,hazel 7,leaf1 "o-half natural size2 fl[] & fruit1 natural size7 ,! ,,wood is h>d & close-gra9$4 ,! trees d n gr[ l>ge en\gh to be ( comm]cial value4 ,an analgesic extract us$ 9 lotions & balms is obta9$ f ! inn] b>k by di/illation4 ,,sweetgum 7,r$gum7 ,liquidamb> /yraciflua ,l4 ,sweetgum is a valuable & sometimes tr\blesome =e/ tree 9 ,ea/ ,texas4 ,x occurs on ri* riv] bottoms & 9 swamps subject to frequ5t ov]fl[1 z well z on ! dri$ upl&s1 z f> we/ z ! ,san ,jac9to ,riv] ,bas94 ,! ,,b>k is a light gray1 r\gh5$ by corky scales1 lat] becom+ deeply furr[$4 ,aft] ! second ye> ! twigs (t5 develop corky projections ( b>k1 :i* give !m a w+$ appe>ance4 ,! simple1 alt]nate />-%ap$ ,,leaf ) its #e to #g po9ts or lobes1 is #e to #g in*es across & aromatic4 ,9 ! fall its color+ ranges f pale yell[ ?r\gh orange & r$ to a deep bronze4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sweetgum 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,fl[]s ( bo? sexes appe> on ! same tree & op5 ) ! leaves4 ,! ,,fruit1 a head an in* or m 9 diamet]1 is made up ( _m capsules ) project+ sp9es4 ,x hangs on ! tree late into ! w9t]4 ,! ,,wood is mod]ately h>d1 close-gra9$1 & n durable on exposure4 ,! r$di%-br[n he>twood1 :i* sugge/s ! "n r$ gum1 is n pres5t to any appreciable ext5t 9 logs "u #af in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! wood is ext5sively us$ = floor+1 int]ior f9i%1 pap] pulp1 & v5e]s = baskets ( all k9ds4 ,9 ! upl&s1 ?is species competes aggressively ) ! m valuable ,s\!rn p9es4 ,! control ( sweetgum is1 !re=e1 a problem4 ,?is attractive species %\ld be m widely plant$ = ornam5tal use4 ,,am]ican ,,sycamore ,plantanus occid5talis ,l4 ,am]ican sycamore1 also call$ planetree & buttonwood1 is consid]$ ! l>ge/ h>dwood tree 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x occurs ?r\gh\t ea/]n ,texas to ,zavalla ,c\nty4 ,x is mo/ abundant & rea*es its l>ge/ size along /reams & on ri* bottoml&s4 ,x gr[s rapidly & occasionally atta9s a height ( #adj to #agj feet & a diamet] ( #aj to #aa feet4 ,! ,,b>k ( ! sycamore is a *>act]i/ic feature2 on ! y\ng] trunk & l>ge limbs x is smoo?1 gre5i%-gray 9 color4 ,! out] b>k ( limbs & upp] trunk flakes (f 9 l>ge pat*es & exposes ! ne>ly :ite y\ng] b>k4 ,ne> ! base ( old trees1 ! b>k becomes ?ick1 d>k br[n & divid$ by deep furr[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,sycamore 7,fruit & leaf1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 alt]nate1 #d to #g in*es long & ab\t z broad2 light gre5 & smoo? above1 & pal] bel[4 ,! base ( ! petiole is holl[ & 9 fall+ (f exposes ! w9t] bud4 ,! multiple ,,fruit =ms a ball ab\t #a in* 9 diamet]1 :i* hangs on its flexible p$uncle--#c to #e in*es long4 ,dur+ e>ly spr+ ! fruit ball breaks up1 & ! small nutlets are scatt]$ widely by ! w9d4 ,! ,,wood is h>d & mod]ately /rong1 b decays rapidly 9 ! gr\nd4 ,x is us$ = but*]s' blocks1 tobacco boxes1 furniture1 & int]ior f9i%4 ,,haw?orn 7,haw7 ,crataegus ,l4 ,haw?orn1 z treat$ "h1 repres5ts ab\t #cj diff]5t species & v>ieties di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! /ate4 ,memb]s ( ! gr\p occur on ! poore/ & ri*e/ soils1 on ! %all[e/ & deepe/1 & on ! lime/one hills z well z on ! ri* bottom & swamp l&s4 ,mo/ ( ! =ms h a common lik5ess 9 possess+ ?orns & be>+ :ite blossoms & r$ or yell[ fruit4 ,"s species are plant$ z ornam5tal trees1 b o!rwise ! gr\p is ( little comm]cial value4 ,illu/ration3 ,,haw?orn 7,leaf & twig1 two-?irds natural size2 fruit1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is g5]ally ?91 gray 9 color1 & on ! old /ems brok5 up into ?91 n>r[ scales4 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 alt]nate1 mo/ly oval or w$ge-%ap$1 not*$ on ! edges1 & usually f #b to #c in*es long4 ,! ,,fl[]s are :ite1 "s fragrant & o!rs ) a slightly unpleasant odor2 !y appe> 9 e>ly spr+4 ,! ,,fruit v>ies f globul> to oblong1 f to in* 9 diamet]2 "s :5 ripe h a pulpy1 sweet1 edible fle%1 surr\nd+ f #a to #e bony se$s4 ,! ,,wood is /rong1 t\gh1 heavy1 h>d1 b r>ely us$ = any purpose4 ,_m species ( birds are attract$ to ^! trees & bu%es by ! fruit & = ! protection (f]$ = ne/+4 ,blueb]ry haw?orn1 ,c4 bra*yacan?u1 fruit rip5s 9 ! late summ] & is valuable = de] food4 ,! fruit ( mo/ species rip5s 9 ! fall1 & "o or two v>ieties yield a fruit highly priz$ = mak+ jelly4 ,,riv]flat ,,haw?orn 7,mayhew7 ,crataegus opaca ,hook4 & ,arn4 ,?is species is a native ( ,ea/ ,texas1 be+ f\nd z f> we/ z ! ,tr9ity ,riv]4 ,x gr[s along riv]s at ! edges ( swamps & ponds1 :]e wat] /&s a "p ( ! ye>4 ,^! trees (t5 =m ext5sive ?ickets4 ,! ,,fruit ( ?is haw1 unlike o!r ,texas haws1 matures 9 late ,april or ,may4 ,aft] ! fruit is gone1 x is m difficult to di/+ui% x f o!r haws4 ,x is ( l[1 spread+ habit1 sometimes becom+ a tree #bj to #cj feet high & ab\t a foot 9 diamet]4 ,x usually be>s a few ?orns ab\t #a in* long on bran*es two ye>s old4 ,illu/ration3 ,,riv]flat ,,haw?orn 7,leaves1 fl[]s1 & fruit1 "o-half natural size7 ,on old trees ! ,,b>k is deeply fissur$ & divid$ into d>k br[n1 p]si/5t scales4 ,! wood has no comm]cial value4 ,! ,,leaves are ab\t #b in*es long1 po9t$1 n>r[+ t[>d ! /em1 f9ely too!d f ! middle ( ! tip1 sometimes slightly lob$1 dull gre51 & r d[ny b5ea?4 ,! ,,fl[]s appe>+ 9 ,m>* are ! l>ge/ ( ,crataegus1 #a in* 9 diamet]1 :ite1 & borne 9 clu/]s ( only #b or #c4 ,! ,,fruit1 an unusually l>ge haw1 is sometimes ne>ly an in* 9 diamet]4 ,:5 fully ripe1 ^! haws are sc>let1 lu/r\s1 mell[1 & pleasantly acid4 ,! fruit is ga!r$ 9 l>ge quantities = mak+ mayhaw jelly4 ,,mexican ,,plum ,prunus mexicana ,s4 ,wats4 ,?is common wild plum is a small tree rea*+ #bj to #be feet 9 height & #h to #aj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,uncommonly x atta9s only l>ge %rub size4 ,! ,,b>k is d>k1 v>y+ f gray to ne>ly black4 ,!re are curl+ scales on "y bran*es b on old trunks ! b>k becomes r\gh & deeply furr[$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mexican ,,plum 7,leaf1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size2 fl[]s & fruit1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,leaves1 :5 mature1 are alt]nate1 oval1 abruptly po9t$1 f9ely & d\bly too!d along ! m>g91 d>k yell[-gre51 smoo? & %9y1 ?ick & firm1 #b to #c in*es long by #a to #b in*es wide1 n>r[$ or r\nd$ at ! base & prom95tly ve9$ on bo? surfaces4 ,! :ite ,,fl[]s appe> 9 num]\s small clu/]s 9 ,m>* be=e ! leaves4 ,) a pr(usion ( fl[]s1 ?is tree is "o ( ! delights ( e>ly spr+ 9 ! woods4 ,! ,,fruit1 or plum1 :i* rip5s 9 late summ]1 is d>k purple-r$ color ) a blui% 8bloom01 ab\t #a in*es 9 diamet]1 & v>ies widely 9 its palatability4 ,! /one is ab\t in* long1 & smoo?4 ,! dorsal edge is ridg$2 ! v5tral edge groov$4 ,?is species ( plum does n suck] to =m ?ickets1 is dr\ght resi/ant1 & has be5 us$ = graft+ /ock = ! production ( comm]cial plums4 ,,flatwoods ,,plum 7,black ,sloe7 ,prunus umbellata ,ell4 ,?is %rub or small tree ) a %ort1 (t5 crook$1 or incl9+ trunk & a flat-topp$ head & sl5d] bran*es is r>ely ov] #bj feet high4 ,bran*lets at fir/ cov]$ ) a d5se1 pale pubesc5ce1 soon become smoo? & bright r$ dur+ ! fir/ ye> & dull d>k br[n ! second ye>4 ,x occurs ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n portion ( ! /ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flatwoods ,,plum 7,two-?irds natural size7 ,,b>k in* ?ick1 d>k br[n1 almo/ black1 & brok5 diagonally into small1 h>d1 appress$1 p]si/5t scales4 ,,leaves bright bronze-gre5 ) r$ m>g9s & petiole :5 !y unfold2 at maturity1 usually less ?an #b in*es long1 ovate-lanceolate to oblong ) a r\nd$ or slightly cordate base2 leaf ?91 d>k gre5 above1 pal] bel[2 usually furni%$ ) two l>ge d>k gl&s at ! base2 m>g9s f9ely & %>ply s]rate ) incurv$ tee?4 ,small :ite ,,fl[]s appe>+ 9 umbels ( #c or #d fl[]s be=e ! leaves4 ,fl[]s in* 9 diamet]4 ,,fruit a drupe on a /em to #a in* long1 r\nd1 in* 9 diamet]1 & ) a t\gh1 black1 yell[1 or bright r$ sk9 cov]$ ) a glauc\s bloom1 & ) ?ick1 acid fle%4 ,/one flatt5$1 brittle-wall$1 & wr9kl$4 ,dorsal edge groov$2 v5tral edge ) conspicu\s ridge4 ,! fruit is reli%$ by de]4 ,,black ,,*]ry ,prunus s]ot9a ,ehrh4 ,a m$ium-siz$ tree1 up to ab\t #gj feet high & #a to #c feet 9 diamet]1 black *]ry is f\nd 9 ea/]n ,texas & 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,we/ ,texas4 ,! =e/-gr[n trees h long cle> trunks ) little tap]4 ,op5-gr[n trees h %ort trunks ) _m bran*es & irregul> spread+ cr[ns4 ,! ,,b>k on bran*es & "y trunks is smoo? & bright r$di%-br[n1 m>k$ by conspicu\s1 n>r[1 :ite1 horizontal l9es1 & has a bitt] almond ta/e4 ,on ! old] trunks ! b>k becomes r\gh & brok5 into ?ick1 irregul> plates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,*]ry 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are alt]nate1 simple1 oval to lance-l 9 %ape1 #b to #f in*es long & #a-a in*es wide1 ) f9e1 incurv$ s]rations1 %9y above1 & pal] b5ea?4 ,cattle eat+ wilt$ leaves may be fatally poison$4 ,! ,,fruit is a dull purpli%-black drupe1 ab\t z l>ge z a pea1 & is borne 9 long hang+ panicles4 ,! fruit rip5s 9 late summ]1 is edible ?\gh slightly bitt]1 & is reli%$ by wildlife4 ,! ,,wood is r$di%-br[n ) yell[i% sapwood1 mod]ately heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 f9e-gra9$1 & does n w>p or split 9 season+4 ,) ! exception ( black walnut1 *]ry lumb] has a great] unit value ?an any o!r h>dwood ( ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,*]ry is priz$ = furniture4 ,! ,,s\?we/]n ,,black ,,*]ry1 ,prunus s]ot9a v>4 rufula 7,woot4 & ,/&l47 ,mc,vaugh is f\nd 9 ! ,guadalupe ,m\nta9s ( ,we/ ,texas4 ,at lea/ five o!r *]ry species are native to ,texas4 ,all h %rubby gr[?4 ,,c>ol9a ,,laurel*]ry ,prunus c>ol9iana 7,mill47 ,ait4 ,call$ by _m local names su* z *]ry laurel1 wild pea*1 & mock orange1 ?is species is native to ! ea/]n portion ( ! /ate to ! valley ( ! ,guadalupe ,riv]1 :]e x is f\nd on deep ri* moi/ bottoml&s4 ,x is app>5tly free f disease & q adaptable = l&scape plant+4 ,x is usually a small tree b sometimes rea*es a height ( #ej to #fj feet & #ah in*es 9 diamet] :5 cultivat$4 ,! p>tially )]$ leaves & "y bran*es c be fatal to animals br[s+ ^u !m1 ow+ to pres5ce ( poison\s hydrocyanic acid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>ol9a ,,laurel*]ry 7,two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is r smoo?1 gray1 & m>k$ by almo/ black blot*es4 ,! ,,leaves are p]si/5t1 oblong-lanceolate1 ) a few t9y %>p tee? along ! m>g9s1 d>k lu/r\s gre5 above1 pal] bel[4 ,!y cl+ until ! second ye>4 ,! small :ite ,,fl[]s come 9 clu/]s1 9 e>ly spr+4 ,! ,,fruit1 a lu/r\s black drupe1 rip5s 9 autumn1 & cl+s until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! fruit is eat5 by "s birds4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 close-gra9$1 ri* br[n 9 color1 ) a ?ick1 light] color$ sapwood4 ,,ebony ,,blackbead 7,texas ,ebony7 ,pi!cellobium flexicaule 7,b5?47 ,c\lt4 ,?is beautiful ev]gre5 occurs z a small tree or %rub 9 ,s\? ,texas f ,matagorda ,bay & s\? into ,mexico4 ,its %ort spread+ bran*es1 =m+ a wide1 r\nd head1 c>ry /\t zigzag bra*lets1 d>k r$di%-br[n or light gray1 arm$ ) p]si/5t /ipul> sp9es to in* long4 ,! ,,leaves1 ab\t #b in*es long1 are fea!r-l 7twice p9nate7 ) sessile1 lea!ry leaflets t are d>k gre5 & %9y on ! upp] surface1 pal] on ! l[] surface1 & to in* long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ebony ,,blackbead 7,leaf & fruit1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,fl[]s are light yell[ or cream color$1 fragrant1 & bloom f ,june to ,augu/ 9 d5se cyl9dric or int]rupt$ spikes #a in*es long4 ,! ,,fruit rip5s 9 ! fall & rema9s on ! bran*es until aft] ! fl[]+ season ! foll[+ ye>4 ,x is a flatt5$1 curv$1 hairy pod1 #d to #f in*es long1 & ab\t #a in* wide4 ,! ,,wood is v heavy1 h>d1 close-gra9$1 d>k r$-br[n t+$ ) purple1 almo/ inde/ructible :5 us$ = f5ce po/s1 & valu$ = cab9et "w4 ,! tree is consid]$ ! mo/ valuable species 9 ! l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley4 ,mexicans use ! se$ z a sub/itute = c(fee4 ,,catclaw ,,acacia 7,una de ,gato7 ,acacia greggii ,a4 ,gray ,f\nd on dry gravelly mesas1 ! sides ( l[ canyons & ! banks ( m\nta9 /reams 9 ! ,rio ,gr&e ,valley & we/w>d1 ?is small tree r>ely rea*es a height ( #cj feet1 & has a trunk up to #ab in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! top or head consi/s ( num]\s spread+ bran*es & smoo? pale br[n or r$ bran*lets1 arm$ ) /\t curv$ sp9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,catclaw ,,acacia 7,fruit & leaves1 "o-half natural size7 ,! small1 bip9nately comp\nd ,,leaves ) #a to #c p9nae1 ! leaflets ( :i* are ab\t in* long4 ,! fragrant yell[ ,,fl[]s appe> dur+ ! summ] 9 d5se1 oblong1 pubesc5t spikes1 usually #b to #c 9 a clu/] at ! end ( a bran*4 ,! ,,fruit matures by midsumm] into a twi/$ or di/ort$ pod1 #b to #d in*es long by ab\t in* wide4 ,! pod is small] betwe5 ea* ( ! #f to #h se$s1 :i* are ne>ly r\nd1 flatt5$1 d>k br[n & %9y4 ,! pods hang unop5$ on ! bran*es until ! w9t] or ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 close-gra9$1 durable1 & cle> br[n or r$ 9 color4 ,,gregg ,,leadtree ,leuca5a greggii ,s4 ,wats4 ,?is small1 beautiful tree gr[s wild 9 we/]n ,texas f ! upp] ,san ,saba ,riv] to ,devil's ,riv]4 ,x gr[s along ! banks ( /reams & 9 moi/ rav9es1 & rea*es a size ( #ae to #bj feet 9 height & #d to #e in*es 9 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gregg ,,leadtree 7,leaf & fruit1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are f9ely & d\bly comp\nd2 ) #aj to #ad fea!r-l p9nae1 ea* conta9+ f #cj to #fj small leaflets1 arrang$ along opposite sides ( ! ra*is4 ,ea* leaflet is elliptical1 grayi%-gre5 or blui%-gre51 smoo?1 & ab\t in* long4 ,! :ite ,,fl[]s are clu/]$ 9 d5se r\nd heads1 ab\t #a in* 9 diamet]1 borne on a long p$uncle4 ,ea* t9y fl[] has protrud+ hairs :i* give ! head a fuzzy appe>ance4 ,! pods1 or ,,fruit1 are #f to #h in*es long & ab\t in* wide1 flat1 & ) n>r[ w+-l edges4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 close-gra9$1 cle> br[n /reak$ ) r$1 ) ?91 cle> sapwood4 ,two o!r species ( mimosa are f\nd 9 ,texas3 ,l4 pulv]ul5ta 7,s*lect47 ,b5?41 f\nd above ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,gr&e2 & ,l4 retusa ,b5?41 9 ,jeff ,davis1 ,kimble1 ,real1 ,uvalde1 & ,valv]de ,c\nties4 ,,honey ,,mesquite ,prosopis juliflora v>4 gl&ulosa 7,torr47 ,cock]ell ,?is well-kn[n small tree is f\nd 9 ! c5tral & we/]n "p ( ! /ate4 ,! %ort trunk1 usually only #f to #h in*es 9 diamet]1 divides into _m bran*es =m+ a loose1 op5 top or cr[n4 ,! root sy/em is v l>ge1 consi/+ ( a ?ick taproot sometimes ext5d+ d[nw>d to a dep? ( #cj to #dj feet1 ) _m radiat+ roots4 ,illu/ration3 ,,honey ,,mesquite 7,"o-f\r? natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are p9nately comp\nd1 consi/+ ( #ab to #bj leaflets atta*$ along a c5tral ra*is1 or 8/em01 #h to #aj in*es long4 ,! leaflets are (t5 #b in*es long1 smoo?1 d>k gre51 & po9t$4 ,ne> _! bases are small sp9es4 ,! fragrant ,,fl[]s are t9y & 9 clu/]s 7spikes7 f #b to #d in*es long4 ,! ,,fruit is a pod ab\t #d to #i in*es1 n>r[$ betwe5 ea* ( ! #aj to #bj se$s enclos$ 9 a ?ick sweet pulp1 us$ by ! natives z food & eag]ly s\ght by wildlife & live/ock4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 & d>k r$di%-br[n 9 color4 ,x is mu* us$ = fuel &1 because x is durable 9 ! gr\nd1 = f5ce po/s4 ,mesquite has long be5 designat$ z ,p4 juliflora 7,sw47 ,d4,c41 ) ! v>ieties gl&ulosa 7,torr47 ,cock]ell & velut9a 7,woot47 ,s>g4 f\nd 9 ,texas4 ,,we/]n ,,honey ,,mesquite 7,p4 juliflora v>4 torreyana ,l4 ,b5son7 occurs 9 s\!rn & ,trans-,pecos regions ( ,texas4 ,?is species is usually a %rub or sometimes a small tree4 ,,ea/]n ,,r$bud ,c]cis canad5sis ,l4 ,ea/]n ,r$bud1 sometimes call$ ,judas-tree f its ori5tal relative ( t "n1 is a small tree scatt]$ ?r\gh ! woods ( ,ea/ ,texas to ! ,brazos ,riv]4 ,x atta9s a height ( #be to #ej feet & a diamet] ( #f to #ab in*es4 ,its /\t bran*es usually =m a wide flat head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ea/]n ,,r$bud 7,twig1 two-?irds natural size2 fruit & leaf1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,b>k ( ! trunk is divid$ into long n>r[ plates1 ! bright r$-br[n surface sep>at+ into ?9 scales4 ,! ,,leaves are alt]nate1 he>t-%ap$1 entire1 #c to #e in*es long & wide1 glossy gre51 turn+ a bright cle> yell[ 9 autumn4 ,! conspicu\s1 bright purpli%-r$ ,,fl[]s are 9 clu/]s along ! twigs & small bran*es1 & appe> be=e or ) ! leaves 9 e>ly spr+4 ,! ,,fruit is an oblong1 flatt5$1 _m-se$$ pod1 #b to #d in*es long1 r$di% dur+ ! summ] & (t5 hang+ on ! tree ?r\gh ! foll[+ summ]4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 n /rong1 ri* d>k br[n 9 color1 & ( little comm]cial importance4 ,! r$bud is cultivat$ z an ornam5tal tree & = t purpose might be m g5]ally plant$ 9 ?is /ate4 ,sev]al v>ieties ( ,c]cis canad5sis h be5 describ$ 9 ,texas4 ,,honeylocu/ ,gl$itsia triacan?os ,l4 ,honeylocu/ occurs naturally 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate to ! ,brazos ,riv]4 ,x gr[s "u a wide v>iety ( soil & moi/ure conditions & is a popul> tree = plant+ 9 ! dri] portions ( ,texas4 ,x rea*es a diamet] ( #cj in*es & a height ( #ge feet4 ,! ,,b>k on old trees is d>k gray & is divid$ into ?91 tight scales4 ,! /rong1 /raight or bran*$1 br[n1 %>p & %9y ?orns1 :i* gr[ on ! #a-ye>-old wood & rema9 = _m ye>s1 are suffici5t to id5tify ! honeylocu/4 ,! ,,leaf is p9nate or fea!r-l1 ) #ah to #bh leaflets2 or x is bi-p9nate1 consi/+ ( #d to #g pairs ( p9nae1 ea* #f to #h in*es long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,honeylocu/ 7,twig1 ?ree-qu>t]s natural size2 leaves & fruit1 "o-qu>t] natural size7 ,! ,,fruit1 a #aj to #ah in* pod1 is (t5 twi/$1 #a to #a in*es wide1 flat1 d>k br[n or black :5 ripe1 & conta9s a yell[ sweeti% pulp & d>k br[n se$s4 ,! se$s are h>d & sep>at$ by pulp4 ,! pods are eat5 by _m animals1 & z ! se$s are h>d to dige/1 _m are widely scatt]$ f ! p>5t tree4 ,! ,,wood is co>se-gra9$1 h>d1 /rong1 & mod]ately durable 9 contact ) ! gr\nd4 ,honeylocu/ is a good tree to sub/itute = ! black locu/ :i* has be5 almo/ ext]m9at$ 9 ,we/ ,texas by ! locu/ bor]4 ,,texas ,,honeylocu/ 7,g4 texana ,s>g471 f\nd 9 ! ,brazos ,riv] bottoml&s1 is report$ to be a hybrid betwe5 ,g4 triacan?os & ,g4 aquatica4 ,,wat]locu/ ,gl$itsia aquatica ,m>%4 ,9 riv] bottoms & swamps along ! ,gulf ,coa/ to ! ,brazos ,riv] & nor? to ,arkansas is f\nd ! wat]locu/1 a close relative ( ! well-kn[n black locu/4 ,x c be di/+ui%$ by ! small pod hav+ "o se$1 r>ely two or ?ree4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]locu/ 7,"o-half natural size7 ,! wat]locu/ rea*es a height ( #fj feet & diamet] up to #c feet4 ,! trunk is usually %ort1 divid+ into sev]al spread+1 & (t5 di/ort$1 bran*es4 ,! bran*lets h %>p sp9es f #c to #e in*es 9 l5g?1 d>k r$ & %9y4 ,! p9nately comp\nd ,,leaves are #e to #h in*es long ) #ab to #bj leaflets arrang$ on opposite sides ( ! leaf ra*is4 ,ea* leaflet is an in* or s 9 l5g?1 oblong1 sometimes slightly too!d on ! edge1 dull gre5 or yell[-gre5 above & d>k gre5 on ! l[] surface4 ,! ,,fl[]s appe> 9 small clu/]s ( gre5 fl[]s on purple p$icels 9 a raceme #c to #d in*es long1 & gr[ f ! axil ( ! leaf ra*is & twig4 ,! fl[]s bloom well aft] ! leaves are out4 ,! ,,fruit pods hang 9 graceful racemes4 ,! pods are #a in* wide & #a to #b in*es long1 ?9 wall$1 t\gh1 pap]y1 *e/nut br[n1 & %9y4 ,! ,,se$s are flatt5$1 ne>ly r\nd1 ab\t in* wide1 & orange-br[n4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 /rong1 light r$di%-br[n1 & surr\nd$ by a wide b& ( cle> yell[ sapwood4 ,,black ,,locu/ 7,yell[ ,locu/7 ,rob9ia pseudoacacia ,l4 ,black locu/ is n native to ,texas1 s f> z kn[n1 b has be5 widely plant$ "h & has escap$ f cultivation4 ,black locu/ requires deep1 well-dra9$1 moi/ soil = good gr[?4 ,x gr[s indiff]5tly to poorly on well-dra9$1 dry sites4 ,( late ye>s x has be5 sev]ely damag$ by ! locu/ bor] & is no long] recomm5d$ = plant+ 9 pure /&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,locu/ 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! twigs & bran*lets are arm$ ) pair$1 /raight or slightly curv$1 %>p1 /rong sp9es1 sometimes z mu* z #a in* 9 l5g?1 :i* rema9 atta*$ to ! out] b>k = _m ye>s4 ,! ,,leaves are p9nate1 or fea!r-l1 f #f to #aj in*es long1 ) #g to #ai oblong1 ?9 leaflets4 ,! ,,fl[]s are fragrant1 :ite or cream-color$1 & appe> 9 graceful p5dant racemes4 ,! ,,fruit is a pod f #c to #e in*es long conta9+ #d to #h small h>d se$s :i* rip5 late 9 ! fall4 ,! pod splits op5 dur+ ! w9t]1 dis*>g+ mo/ ( ! se$s4 ,"s se$s usually rema9 atta*$ to ea* half ( ! pod4 ,! ,,wood is yell[1 co>se-gra9$1 heavy1 v h>d1 /rong1 & durable 9 contact ) ! soil4 ,x is us$ ext5sively = f5ce po/s1 poles1 tree nails1 insulator p9s1 & occasionally = lumb] & fuel4 ,,h]cules-,,club 7,prickly-,a%7 ,zan?oxylum clava-h]culis ,l4 ,?is tree is a native ( ,ea/ ,texas & ranges we/]ly to ! valley ( ! ,colorado ,riv] & nor?w>d to ,dallas & ,t>rant ,c\nties1 & to "s ext5t to ! ,rio ,gr&e ,valley4 ,x is a small tree1 seldom ov] #cj feet 9 height1 ) a %ort trunk usually "u #a foot 9 diamet]4 ,x seems to pref] a well-dra9$1 light1 s&y soil1 & is (t5 f\nd gr[+ on bluffs ne> riv]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]cules-,,club 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-half natural size2 sp9es natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ?is tree4 ,x is gray1 & ) num]\s corky tub]cles4 ,! aromatic inn] b>k1 ) its /rong pung5t juice1 has giv5 ?is tree a numb] ( local names1 su* z 8t+le-tongue01 & 8too?a*e tree40 ,! inn] b>k 0 a favorite 9 old-"t home rem$ies = ! relief ( too?a*e4 ,! ,,leaves are comp\nd1 #e to #h in*es long1 ) #g to #ag ovate1 too!d1 bright gre5 leaflets4 ,! small1 pale gre5 ,,fl[]s1 borne 9 loose1 wide-bran*$ cymes1 #d to #e in*es long & #b to #c in*es wide1 bloom 9 e>ly spr+ :5 ! leaves are almo/ half gr[n4 ,! small ,,fruit1 a "o-se$$ c>pel1 rip5s 9 e>ly summ]4 ,! se$s hang outside ! c>pels & are eat5 by birds4 ,! s(t1 light br[n ,,wood has no special kn[n value4 ,a v>iety1 fruiticosum 7,a4 ,gray7 ,s4 ,wats41 is a %rubby =m f\nd 9 ,we/ ,texas4 ,x has %ort1 (t5 #c-;foliate1 pubesc5t leaves & blunt1 lea!ry leaflets4 ,,common ,,hoptree 7,waf]-,a%7 ,ptelea trifoliata ,l4 ,?is small tree or l>ge %rub is f\nd scatt]$ ov] ! ea/]n portion ( ! /ate4 ,! b>k & leaves are bitt] & /rong-sc5t$ & possess tonic qualities4 ,! hoptree has a /raight1 sl5d] trunk #f to #h in*es 9 diamet] & seldom rea*es a height ( m ?an #bj feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,hoptree 7,fruit1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size2 leaf1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are compos$ ( #c leaflets1 sometimes #e1 ea* ( :i* is oval or pe>-%ap$ & po9t$1 ab\t #d to #f in*es long & #b to #c in*es wide1 & d>k gre5 on ! upp] surface4 ,! c5tral leaflet is ! l>ge/4 ,! ,,fruit consi/s ( a small1 r\nd1 #b-se$$1 w+$ 8key0 or 8sam>a01 resembl+ some:at ! famili> pap] caps = toy pi/ols4 ,! se$s occur 9 d5se droop+ clu/]s & hang on ! tree ov] w9t]4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 yell[i%-br[n1 & close-gra9$4 ,! %rub is (t5 plant$ z an ornam5tal4 ,,%9+ ,,sumac 7,dw>f or ,flameleaf ,sumac7 ,rhus copall9a ,l4 ,%9+ sumac is f\nd gr[+ naturally we/ to ! ,san ,antonio ,riv]4 ,x is m commonly a %rub ?an a tree & gr[s 9 clumps & ?ickets ar\nd ! edges ( ! fields & 9 o!r op5 places4 ,! leaves turn crimson 9 ! fall & add a vivid note to ! autumn color+4 ,! tree spreads by means ( %all[ root-runn]s4 ,! ,,b>k is almo/ smoo?1 ) horizontal spla%es ( light & d>k gray1 & _m small excresc5ces4 ,?is pap]y out] b>k cracks at irregul> int]vals1 expos+ spots ( r$di%-br[n b5ea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%9+ ,,sumac 7,leaf & fruit "o-half natural size7 ,! comp\nd ,,leaves are alt]nate1 #f to #h in*es long1 ) #i to #ba small ovate-lanceolate leaflets1 glossy gre5 above1 d[ny b5ea?4 ,?is sumac is easily di/+ui%$ f o!rs by ! fact t ! leaf ra*is is w+$4 ,! leaves are ri* 9 tann91 & are us$ 9 l>ge quantities = cur+ lea!r1 & = ! manufacture ( dyes4 ,! t9y1 pale gre5 ,,fl[]s are borne 9 compact conical1 panicles 9 ,july4 ,male & female fl[]s are borne on sep>ate trees4 ,! small ,,fruit is r$1 cov]$ ) %ort hairs1 & has an acid ta/e4 ,! fruits cl+1 & are eat5 by birds 9 late w9t]4 ,! r$di%-br[n ,,wood is s(t1 light1 & co>se-gra9$4 ,,prairie ,,sumac 7,r4 lanceolata ,a4 ,gray ,britton7 is f\nd on ! prairies ( ea/]n ,texas to ! valley ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 (t5 =m+ ?ickets on ! banks ( small /reams4 ,?is species is di/+ui%$ by its n>r[1 acute leaflets & its l>g] fl[]s & fruit4 ,,poison-,,sumac ,toxicod5dron v]nix 7,l47 ,k\ntze ,all p>ts ( ?is beautiful plant give (f toxic oils t may irritate & bli/] ! sk9 l ! oils ( poison ivy4 ,poison-sumac may gr[ z a %rub ) sev]al clu/]$ /ems1 or z a tree occasionally #be feet high ) a trunk #e to #f in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! sl5d]1 smoo? bran*lets are at fir/ r$di%-br[n ) orange-color$ l5ticels1 lat] becom+ light gray & m>k$ ) elevat$ & conspicu\s leaf-sc>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,poison-,,sumac 7,leaf1 "o-half natural size2 fruit (t5 l>g]7 ,! comp\nd1 alt]nate ,,leaves are q diff]5t f ^? ( o!r sumacs1 %ap$ m l ^? ( a%1 = :i* reason x is (t5 call$ 8poison a%40 ,! leaf-/ems are always r$di%1 & usually q conspicu\s4 ,! leaves are #g to #ad in*es long1 ) #g to #ac ovate-oblong leaflets1 #c to #d in*es long4 ,! leaflets are bright gre5 above1 pal] b5ea?1 usually ) a r$ midrib4 ,! small ,,fl[]s are borne 9 panicles mu* less compact ?an ^? ( o!r sumacs4 ,! ,,fruit is a lu/r\s :ite drupe1 born 9 sl5d]1 droop+ panicles4 ,! fruit matures 9 ,septemb] & is eat5 by birds & rabbits4 ,! sap c be us$ to make a black1 durable v>ni%4 ,,am]ican ,,holly ,ilex opaca ,ait4 ,am]ican holly is f\nd on ri*1 moi/ soils ( bottoml&s 9 ,ea/ ,texas & we/w>d to ,wilson ,c\nty4 ,a tree (t5 #ej feet high1 frequ5tly atta9s heights ( #hj to #ajj feet & diamet]s up to #d feet4 ,a l>ge specim5 may be se5 at ! ,texas ,=e/ ,s]vice's ,indian ,m\nd ,nurs]y ne> ,alto4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,holly 7,leaf & fruit1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is light gray & r\gh5$ by w>t-l gr[?s4 ,! num]\s1 %ort1 sl5d] bran*es =m a d5se pyramidal head ( /rik+ d>k gre5 color :i* is m pron\nc$ :5 ! conspicu\s r$ drupes are pres5t4 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 alt]nate1 r oval1 ?ick & lea!ry1 #b to #d in*es long & usually arm$ ) sp9y tee?4 ,!y rema9 on ! bran*es ?ree ye>s1 dropp+ (f 9 ! spr+4 ,! ,,fl[]s are small & :iti%2 male & female fl[]s are usually borne on sep>ate trees4 ,! ,,fruit1 rip5+ late 9 ! fall on ! trees be>+ female fl[]s1 is dull r$ or sometimes yell[1 r\nd or some:at oval-%ap$ b]ry-l drupe ab\t in* 9 diamet] & ) #d to #f groov$1 ribb$ nutlets4 ,! ,,wood is light1 t\gh1 n /rong1 :ite :5 cut1 turn+ br[n :5 ag$4 ,valu$ & mu* us$ = cab9et mak+1 int]ior f9i%1 & turn]y4 ,_m ( ! l>ge/ & be/ holly trees h be5 cut & m>ket$4 ,holly is a highly desirable ,*ri/mas decoration & a desirable ornam5tal tree = y>ds4 ,wild holly is becom+ sc>ce4 ,excessive cutt+s %\ld be avoid$4 ,,yaupon ,ilex vomitoria ,ait4 ,?is close relative ( ! ,am]ican holly is f\nd 9 ,ea/ ,texas to ,matagorda ,bay1 ,rio ,blanco & ! ,guadalupe ,riv]1 & nor? to s\!rn ,arkansas4 ,on ! ri* bottoml&s ( ea/]n ,texas1 yaupon is a small tree1 #bj to #be feet high ) a trunk r>ely ov] #f in*es 9 diamet]2 else:]e x is a %rub4 ,! ,,leaves are #a to #b in*es long1 to #a in* wide1 ?ick1 glossy gre5 above1 pal] bel[1 & p]si/5t = #b or #c ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yaupon 7,two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,fl[]s1 male & female1 are borne on sep>ate plants4 ,! ,,fruit1 a sc>let b]ry-l drupe1 is produc$ 9 great abundance by ! female plant4 ,! ,,wood is ( little value except = fuel4 ,yaupon is us$ 9 ! ,s\? z a h$ge plant1 & is mu* priz$ = ,*ri/mas decorations4 ,a tea made f leaves 0 once popul> ) ! ,indians4 ,! plant is n[ gr[n on ! ,atlantic ,coa/ = ! comm]cial production ( yaupon tea = m$ic9al purposes4 ,i4 decidua ,walt4 kn[n z ,,possum ,,haw 7,,w9t] ,,b]ry7 is simil> to yaupon1 b ! leaves %$ 9 ! fall2 ! fruits1 :i* rema9 ov] w9t]1 are orange to orange-sc>let 9 color4 ,,silv] ,,maple ,ac] sac*>9um ,l4 ,silv]1 or s(t1 maple is f\nd on moi/ l& & along /reams 9 ! extreme ea/]n "p ( ! /ate4 ,9 its be/ region ( gr[?1 ! valley ( ! l[] ,ohio ,riv]1 x atta9s heights ( #ajj feet or m & diamet]s ( #c feet or ov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,maple 7,twig & fruit1 "o-half natural size2 leaf1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,b>k on old trunks is d>k gray & brok5 into long flakes or scales4 ,! twigs are sl5d]1 brittle1 r$di%-br[n1 & %9y4 ,! buds are r\nd$1 r$ or r$di%-br[n1 blunt-po9t$1 g5]ally l ^? ( r$ maple4 ,! simple1 opposite ,,leaves h f #c to #e lobes end+ 9 long po9ts ) too!d m>g9s & sep>at$ by deep angul> s9uses or op5+s2 ! leaves are pale gre5 on ! upp] surface1 silv]y-:ite und]nea?1 & h a r$ petiole4 ,! ,,fl[]s aris+ f ! l>ge prom95t fl[] buds are a gre5i%-yell[ color & appe> 9 clu/]s 9 ! spr+ be=e ! leaves4 ,! ,,fruit rip5s 9 ! spr+ & consi/s ( a pair ( w+ sam>as or 8keys0 ) w+s #a to #b in*es long on a sl5d]1 flexible1 ?read-l p$uncle ab\t an in* long4 ,! ,,wood is s(t1 weak1 ev5-textur$1 r brittle1 easily work$1 & decays readily :5 expos$4 ,x is occasionally us$ = floor+1 furniture & fuel4 ,! silv] maple gr[s rapidly & has be5 plant$ 9 ,texas z a %ade tree4 ,x is some:at undesirable because ( its brittl5ess & susceptibility to insects & fungus diseases4 ,,r$ ,,maple ,ac] rubrum ,l4 ,r$ maple is abundant 9 l[ moi/ areas 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate4 ,x is usually a m$ium-siz$ tree1 quick-gr[+1 & relatively %ort-liv$4 ,x is us$ z a %ade tree1 ?\gh ( inf]ior quality = ?is purpose4 ,! ,,b>k is smoo? & light gray on "y limbs & trunks1 & d>k gray & r\gh on old limbs & trunks4 ,! ,,leaves are #b to #e in*es long & h f #c to #e po9t$1 saw-too!d lobes sep>at$ by %>p angul> s9uses or op5+s4 ,! upp] leaf surface :5 mature is light gre51 ! l[] surface :iti% & p>tly cov]$ ) pale d[n4 ,9 autumn ! leaves turn to brilliant %ades ( r$1 orange1 & yell[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r$ ,,maple 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 "o-half natural size7 ,! r$ ,,fl[]s appe> 9 d5se clu/]s 9 e>ly spr+ be=e ! leaves1 ! buds turn+ a deep r$ sometimes be=e !y op54 ,! w9t] buds are small1 r$1 & r\nd or blunt-po9t$4 ,! ,,fruit rip5s 9 ! late spr+ or e>ly summ]4 ,x consi/s ( pairs ( w+$ sam>as1 or keys1 to #a in* 9 l5g?1 on a long droop+ p$uncle 7fruit /em71 r$1 r$di%-br[n1 or yell[ 9 color4 ,! ,,wood1 kn[n comm]cially z s(t maple1 is heavy1 close-gra9$1 r weak1 & ( a light br[n color4 ,x is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( furniture1 & = turn]y1 wood5w>e1 & fuel4 ,,boxeld] ,ac] negundo ,l4 ,boxeld]1 ! only ,texas maple ) comp\nd leaves1 is a native ( ea/]n & s\!rn ,texas to ! l[] ,rio ,blanco ,riv]4 ,x is g5]ally f\nd on ! banks ( /reams & lakes & ! bord]s ( swamps4 ,x gr[s rapidly1 mak+ a quick %ade1 & is q %apely4 ,! bran*es are brittle & break easily4 ,! tree is %ort-liv$ & r subject to disease4 ,x sometimes atta9s a height ( #ej to #fj feet1 ) a trunk #b feet 9 diamet]1 b is usually small]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,boxeld] 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,b>k ( ! twigs is gre52 ( ! trunk grayi%-br[n1 divid$ into broad1 r\nd$ ridges1 & sep>at+ on ! surface into %ort1 ?ick scales4 ,! ,,leaves are opposite1 comp\nd1 usually ) #e leaflets1 occasionally #c or #g4 ,! leaflets are #b to #d in*es long1 co>sely & irregul>ly too!d1 light gre5 above1 pal] b5ea?4 ,! t9y ,,fl[]s are borne 9 droop+ clu/]s4 ,! ,,fruit is l t ( ! o!r maples1 gre51 turn+ light tan :5 mature4 ,unlike ! se$s ( o!r maples1 !y cl+ until aft] ! leaves are %$4 ,! ,,wood is creamy-:ite1 light1 & s(t & weak b close-gra9$4 ,x is sometimes us$ 9 o!r /ates = ! manufacture ( l[ grade furniture & int]ior f9i%2 x is also us$ = wood5w>e1 coop]age1 & pap] pulp4 ,,ohio ,,buckeye ,aesculus glabra ,willd4 ,ohio buckeye occurs z f> we/ z ea/]n ,texas along /reams 9 ri* soils4 ,?\gh (t5 only a %rub1 x becomes a m$ium-siz$ tree 9 ri* alluvial bottoms4 ,its leaves & fruit are poison\s to /ock4 ,! ,,b>k is :ite &1 on old trees1 divid$ or brok5 into light br[n flat scales1 :i* make ! /ems ( ! tree r\gh2 ! b>k is ill-smell+ :5 bruis$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ohio ,,buckeye 7,twig1 two-?irds natural size2 nut1 "o-?ird natural size2 leaf1 "o-f\r? natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are opposite1 palmately comp\nd$1 ) #e to #g smoo?1 pale gre5 leaflets1 ill-smell+ :5 bruis$4 ,! leaves usually turn yell[ dur+ ! summ]4 ,! ,,fl[]s are cream-color$ & appe> 9 clu/]s1 #e to #h in*es long1 9 ,april or ,may4 ,! ,,fruit is g5]ally r\nd$1 pale br[n1 g5]ally ?9-wall$1 r\gh5$ ) blunt prickles or w>ts1 & break+ into #b to #c valves1 disclos+ ! bright %9y se$s #a to #a in*es wide4 ,! ,,wood is light1 s(t & weak1 & decays rapidly :5 expos$4 ,x is us$ = wood5w>e1 artificial limbs1 pap] pulp1 lumb]1 & fuel4 ,aesculus pavia ,l41 ! ,,r$ ,,buckeye1 is f\nd z a %rub 9 ,comal & ,wilson ,c\nties & is common ?r\gh ea/]n ,texas to ,bex> & ,k5dall ,c\nties1 z a %rub #i to #ab in*es high4 ,?is species 0 =m]ly classifi$ z ,a4 discolor ,p>% & ,a4d4 v>4 ,mollis 7,raf47 ,s>g4 ,,we/]n ,,soapb]ry 7,wild ,*9a-,tree7 ,sap9dus drummondii ,hook4 ,arn4 ,?is species1 sometimes call$ ,indian soap plant1 gr[s on moi/ clay soils or dry lime/one upl&s4 ,x ranges ?r\gh ea/]n ,texas to ,new ,mexico & ! ,rio ,gr&e1 becom+ a tree #dj to #ej feet high & #a to #b feet 9 diamet]1 ) usually erect bran*es1 & bran*lets at fir/ slightly _m-angl$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,we/]n ,,soapb]ry 7,leaf1 two-fif?s natural size2 fruit1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is brok5 by deep fissures into long n>r[ plates :i* 9 turn are brok5 on ! surface into small r$-br[n scales4 ,! ,,leaves appe>+ 9 ,m>* or ,april1 be> #d to #i pairs ( alt]nate1 opposite or bo?1 lance-%ap$ leaflets :i* are pale1 yell[-gre51 ab\t #b in*es long & to in* wide4 ,! leaves fall 9 autumn or e>ly w9t]4 ,! ,,fl[]s are :iti%1 9 l>ge1 d5se panicles4 ,! ,,fruit1 r\nd yell[ b]ries1 in* 9 diamet]1 & conta9+ d>k br[n se$s1 rip5 9 ,septemb] & ,octob] & fall 9 ! spr+4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 /rong1 close-gra9$1 light br[n t+$ ) yell[4 ,x splits easily into ?9 /rips & is us$ = cotton basket & ! frames ( pack saddles4 ,,am]ican ,,basswood 7,am]ican ,l9d57 ,tilia am]icana ,l4 ,?ree species ( basswood are report$ to gr[ 9 ,texas f ! ,arkansas l9e to ! ,brazos ,riv] & we/w>d to ,uvalde1 ,k]r & ,b&]a ,c\nties1 usually on ri*1 moi/ soils4 ,!y are r>ely ov] #ej feet tall & #ab in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! ,,b>k is light br[n & deeply furr[$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,basswood 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are m or less he>t-%ap$1 #c to #f in*es long1 ?91 saw-too!d1 smoo? on bo? sides 9 "s species1 b woolly on ! "u surface ( o!rs4 ,! fragrant ,,fl[]s1 a favorite ( bees1 are yell[i%-:ite1 9 droop+ clu/]s op5+ 9 e>ly summ]1 & ! fl[]-/em is unit$ to ! middle ( a long1 n>r[1 leaf-l bract4 ,! ,,fruit1 a dry1 #a to #b-se$$ nut-l drupe1 to in* 9 diamet]1 is cov]$ ) %ort1 ?ick1 gray-br[n wool4 ,x rema9s atta*$ 9 clu/]s to ! leafy bract1 :i* lat] acts z a w+ to be> ! fruit away 9 ! w9d4 ,! ,,wood is light1 s(t1 t\gh1 n durable1 & light br[n 9 color4 ,x is us$ 9 /ates :]e ! gr[? is bett] = ! manufacture ( pulp1 wood5w>e1 furniture1 trunks1 excelsior1 & _m o!r articles4 ,! pr9cipal use ( basswoods 9 ,texas is = %ade & ornam5t4 ,,devils-,,walk+/ick 7,h]cules-,club7 ,aralia sp9osa ,l4 ,?is tree1 a native ( ,nor!a/ ,texas1 is arm$ f ! gr\nd up ) _m %>p sp9es1 a *>act]i/ic t has giv5 ! tree _m names su* z ,h]cules-club1 prickly-eld]1 & prickly-a%4 ,! la/ "n prop]ly belongs to ano!r tree4 ,devils-walk+/ick possesses suffici5t beauty to comp5sate = its spitefulness4 ,! tree is usually small1 b occasionally atta9s a height ( #cj feet1 ! leaves =m+ a flat-topp$1 spread+ cr[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,devils-,,walk+/ick 7,bran*1 "o-half natural size2 leaf & fruit greatly r$uc$7 ,! br[n ,,b>k is divid$ by broad %all[ fissures into circul>1 horizontal ridges4 ,! %>p sp9es along its trunk be/ id5tify ?is tree4 ,! ,,leaves are d\bly comp\nd$1 or bi-p9nate1 ! ma9 ra*is 7leaf-/em7 #c or #d feet long1 clasp+ ! /em ) an enl>g$ base1 & leav+ conspicu\s sc>s :5 !y fall4 ,! oval leaflets are too!d1 po9t$1 d>k gre5 above & pal] b5ea?4 ,!y turn yell[ 9 autumn4 ,9 mid-summ] ea* plant be>s "o imm5se panicle ( small1 :ite ,,fl[]s1 :i* rises well above ! leaves4 ,! tree pres5ts its mo/ /rik+ appe>ance 9 autumn :5 ! small black ,,fruit rip5s1 = ! fruit-/ems turn a ri* w9e-r$4 ,birds eat ! juicy drupes4 ,! ,,wood is ( no comm]cial importance4 ,,black ,,tupelo 7,blackgum7 ,nyssa sylvatica ,m>%4 ,black gum1 (t5 call$ s\r gum1 is f\nd 9 ea/]n ,texas to ! valley ( ! ,brazos ,riv]2 usually 9 swampy wet soil1 b sometimes on dry slopes ) ! oaks4 ,! ,,b>k on y\ng] trees is furr[$ betwe5 flat ridges1 & gradually develops into quadrangul> blocks t are d5se1 h>d1 & ne>ly black4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,tupelo 7,twig1 leaf1 & fruit "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 #b to #c in*es long1 entire1 obovate to elliptic1 %9y1 & d>k gre5 9 color4 ,9 ! fall ! leaves turn brilliant r$4 ,! gre5i% ,,fl[]s on long1 sl5d] p$uncles appe> 9 e>ly spr+ :5 ! leaves are ab\t "o-?ird gr[n4 ,!y are usually ( two k9ds1 ! male 9 _m-fl[]$ heads1 & ! female 9 two or sev]al-fl[]$ clu/]s on diff]5t trees4 ,! ,,fruit is drupe-l1 d>k blue in* long1 conta9+ a s+le h>d-%ell$ /one1 & is borne #b to #c 9 a clu/] on #a to #b-;in* p$uncles4 ,! ,,wood is v t\gh1 cross-gra9$1 n durable 9 contact ) ! soil1 h>d to "w1 & w>ps easily4 ,once consid]$ a we$ tree1 ! species is n[ valuable = basket v5e]1 box bo>ds1 & pap] pulp4 ,9 ! old days1 ! holl[ trunks 7 us$ = 8bee-gums40 ,swamp tupelo 7,n4 s4 v>4 biflora ,walt4 ,s>g471 f\nd ma9ly on ! ,coa/al ,pla91 has n>r[ly obovate to n>r[ly oblanceolate leaves & fruit+ p$uncles to #a in*es long4 ,! base ( ! trunk is swoll5 :5 subm]g$4 ,,wat] ,,tupelo 7,cotton-,gum or ,tupelo-,gum7 ,nyssa aquatica ,l4 ,wat] tupelo is f\nd only 9 deep riv] swamps or coa/al swamps :i* are (t5 flood$4 ,! commonly enl>g$ base1 l>ge-siz$ fruit1 hang+ on a long p$uncle 7/em71 & ! brittl5ess ( ! twigs1 s]ve to di/+ui% ?is species f ! black gum4 ,x =ms a tall1 (t5 sl[ly tap]+ some:at crook$ trunk #ej to #ge feet 9 height & #b to #c feet 9 diamet]4 ,! spread+ small bran*es =m a n>r[1 oblong or pyramidal head4 ,! bran*es are g5]ally smoo? & light br[n 9 color4 ,! ,,b>k ( ! trunk is ?91 d>k br[n & furr[$ up & d[n ! trunk4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wat] ,,tupelo 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 ovate or oblong 9 %ape1 acute & (t5 long-po9t$4 ,:5 mature !y are ?ick1 d>k gre5 & lu/r\s on ! upp] side1 pale & some:at d[ny on ! l[] side1 #e to #g in*es long & #b to #d in*es wide1 w$ge-%ap$ at ! base1 & entire or irregul>ly too!d on ! m>g94 ,! petiole is /\t1 #a to #b in*es long1 groov$1 & enl>g$ at ! base4 ,! ,,fl[]s1 :i* appe> 9 ,m>* or ,april are ( two k9ds1 usually borne on sep>ate trees1 ! male fl[]s 9 d5se r\nd clu/]s1 & ! female fl[]s solit>y4 ,! ,,fruit1 rip5+ 9 e>ly fall1 is a d>k purple drupe1 oblong or obovate 9 %ape1 ab\t #a in* long1 ) a ?ick1 t\gh sk9 enclos+ a flatt5$ /one1 & borne on a sl5d] p$uncle #c to #d in*es long4 ,! ,,wood is light1 s(t1 & n /rong4 ,x is us$ = wood5w>e1 broom h&les1 fruit & vegetable baskets1 m>ket$ z tupelo or bay popl> lumb]1 & pap] pulp4 ,,fl[]+ ,,dogwood ,cornus florida ,l4 ,dogwood gr[s 9 ! =e/s ( ea/]n ,texas1 usually "u ! l>g] =e/ trees4 ,x is a small tree1 up to #cj feet high & #ab in*es 9 diamet]1 occasionally l>g]1 ) a r flat & spread+ cr[n & %ort1 (t5 crook$ trunk4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fl[]+ ,,dogwood 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-half natural size2 twig1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is r$di%-br[n to black & brok5 up into small #d-sid$1 scaly blocks4 ,! ,,leaves are opposite1 ovate1 #c to #e in*es long1 #b to #c in*es wide1 po9t$1 entire or wavy on ! m>g91 prom95tly ve9$1 bright gre5 above1 pale gre5 or grayi% b5ea?4 ,! ,,fl[]s1 :i* unfold f ! conspicu\s1 r\nd1 grayi%1 w9t] fl[] buds be=e ! leaves come out1 are small1 gre5i%-yell[1 arrang$ 9 d5se heads surr\nd$ by l>ge :ite or p9ki% petal-l bracts1 :i* appe> l l>ge spread+ fl[]s #b to #d in*es across4 ,! ,,fruit is a bright sc>let drupe "o-half an in* long & conta9+ a h>d1 two-cell$ nutlet conta9+ #a or #b se$s4 ,usually sev]al fruits are conta9$ 9 "o head1 & are reli%$ by birds1 squirrels1 & o!r animals4 ,! ,,wood is h>d1 heavy1 /rong1 close-gra9$1 & br[n to r$ 9 color4 ,x is 9 dem& = cotton-mill ma*9]y1 turn]y1 h&les1 & =ms4 ,) its masses ( e>ly spr+ fl[]s1 its d>k r$ autumn foliage1 & bright r$ b]ries1 dogwood is probably our mo/ ornam5tal native tree4 ,x %\ld be us$ m ext5sively 9 ea/]n ,texas = ornam5tal plant+4 ,,tree ,,sp>kleb]ry 7,f>kleb]ry7 ,vacc9ium arboreum ,m>%4 ,9 ! coa/al belt ( ea/]n ,texas z f> z ,matagorda ,bay1 f>kleb]ry1 or tree huckleb]ry1 gr[s 9 moi/ s&y soil along ! banks ( ponds & /reams4 ,al?\gh x is f\nd f ,virg9ia to ,miss\ri & s\?w>d1 x rea*es its l>ge/ size1 #bj to #cj feet1 ne> ! ,gulf ,coa/ ( ,texas4 ,! crook$ trunk may atta9 a diamet] ( #h to #aj in*es4 ,fur!r inl& x is a l>ge %rub4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tree ,,sp>kleb]ry 7,ne>ly natural size7 ,! ,,leaves are oval & glossy gre51 v>y+ up to #b in*es 9 l5g? & #a in* 9 wid?4 ,!y are mo/ly ev]gre51 or at lea/ p]si/ on ! twigs dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! ,,fl[]s are small1 :ite1 & bell-%ap$1 & appe> 9 long op5 clu/]s on racemes4 ,! ,,fruit consi/ ( small1 r\nd1 %9y1 ne>ly black b]ries :i* rip5 9 ! fall &1 unless eat5 by birds or animals1 rema9 until spr+4 ,!y h a slightly puck]+ b pleas+ flavor4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 close-gra9$1 & light r$di%-br[n4 ,x is sometimes us$ = tool h&les4 ,,gum ,,bumelia 7,woolly ,buck?orn--,gum-,ela/ic7 ,bumelia lanug9osa 7,mi*x47 ,p]s4 ,gum bumelia1 (t5 call$ false buck?orn or *ittamwood1 occurs along /reams 9 s&y woods 9 ea/]n ,texas to ! ,san ,antonio ,riv] & ov] ! ,edw>ds ,plateau to ,palo ,p9to ,c\nty4 ,x rea*es its l>ge/ developm5t probably 9 ,c5tral ,texas :]e x occasionally gr[s z a tree #hj feet high & #c feet 9 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gum ,,bumelia 7,?ree-f\r?s natural size7 ,! bran*es are %ort1 /\t1 & /iff1 & (t5 arm$ ) /raight or curv$ sp9es4 ,! ,,leaves are oblong1 m or less gr\p$ ne> ! ends ( %ort spurs2 r\nd$ at ! apex1 n>r[$ at ! base2 ?ick1 firm1 d>k gre5 & %9y above1 & ru/y-woolly b5ea?4 ,!y are f #a to m ?an #b in*es long & up to in* wide4 ,! ,,fl[]s are small & op5 9 summ]1 ea* borne on a hairy fl[]-/em 7p$icel7 ab\t in* long4 ,!y are borne 9 fascicles ( #ae to #ah1 ne> ! axils ( ! new leaves or ne> ! leaf-sc>s ( old leaves4 ,! petals are :ite & lob$4 ,! fruit is fle%y1 black1 oblong1 ab\t in* 9 l5g?1 borne s+ly or 9 a clu/] ( #b or #c1 & usually dry & firm on ! outside & conta9 a light br[n1 firm r\nd$ se$4 ,! ripe fruit falls f ! tree 9 autumn4 ,! ,,wood is light br[n /reak$ ) :ite & surr\nd$ by a b& ( light] color$ sapwood4 ,x is heavy1 h>d1 & close-gra9$4 ,b4 lanug9osa v>4 ,rigida ,a4 ,gray1 is f\nd 9 we/]n & s\!rn ,texas1 :ile ,b4 lycioides ,l4 ,p]s41 is f\nd 9 ea/]n ,texas to ,milam ,c\nty4 ,,common ,,p]simmon ,diospyros virg9iana ,l4 ,p]simmon is a well kn[n tree ?r\gh\t its range4 ,x is small1 r>ely exce$+ #ej feet 9 height & #ah in*es 9 diamet]1 occurr+ 9 ! /ate z f> we/ z ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,x pref]s dry1 op5 situations1 & is mo/ abundant 9 old fields1 ?\gh x occurs on ri* bottoml&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,p]simmon 7,leaf & fruit1 "o-half natural size2 twig1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size7 ,! ,,b>k ( old trees is almo/ black & sep>at$ into ?ick1 ne>ly squ>e blocks4 ,! ,,leaves are alt]nate1 oval1 entire1 #d to #f in*es long1 d>k gre5 & %9+ above1 pal] b5ea?4 ,! small ,,fl[]s1 :i* appe> 9 ,may1 are yell[i% or cream-:ite1 some:at bell-%ap$1 ! male & female fl[]s occurr+ on sep>ate trees2 ! male 9 clu/]s ( #b or #c1 ! female solit>y4 ,!y are visit$ by _m insects4 ,! ,,fruit is a pulpy1 r\nd1 orange-color$ or br[n b]ry1 an in* or m 9 diamet] & conta9+ sev]al flatt5$1 h>d1 smoo? se$s4 ,! fruit is /rongly a/r+5t :ile gre51 b (t5 q sweet & delici\s :5 ?or\ghly ripe4 ,x is reli%$ by bo? man & animals1 especially aft] a few fro/y nights4 ,! ,,wood is h>d1 d5se1 /rong1 ! he>twood br[n or black1 ! wide sapwood :ite or yell[i%4 ,x is p>ticul>ly valu$ = %uttles1 golf club heads1 & simil> special uses1 b is n ( suffici5t comm]cial use to w>rant its gr[? z a timb] tree4 ,! ,,texas or ,,black ,,p]simmon 7,d4 texana ,s*eele7 is describ$ on page #abg4 ,,common ,,sweetleaf 7,horse-,sug>7 ,symplocos t9ctoria 7,l47 ,l',hr4 ,sweetleaf is usually f\nd along ! bord]s ( /reams & swamps1 *iefly 9 ,ea/ ,texas4 ,x seldom gr[s to a height ( m ?an #cj feet or a diamet] ( m ?an #h in*es4 ,! sl5d] upright bran*es1 =m+ an op5 head1 are blui% or grayi%1 & decid$ly r\gh5$ by elevat$ leaf-sc>s1 or places ( atta*m5t ( ! la/ crop ( leaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,sweetleaf 7,fruit & fl[]s ab\t natural size2 leaf1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ?ick1 %9y1 d>k gre5 ,,leaves1 arrang$ alt]nately along ! /em1 v>y f #e to #f in*es 9 l5g? & #a to #b in*es 9 wid?4 ,!y rema9 on ! twigs until spr+4 ,! leaves are sweet & eag]ly s\ght = food by live/ock4 ,! t9y1 pale yell[ fragrant ,,fl[]s are produc$ 9 close clu/]s at int]vals along ! bran*lets4 ,! ,,fruit1 a small1 "o-se$$ drupe1 has a ?9 d>k orange or br[n sk94 ,! fruit is eat5 to "s ext5t by de]4 ,! ,,wood is light1 s(t & pale r$ or br[n1 & has no comm]cial value4 ,bo? leaves & b>k yield a yell[ dye4 ,! bitt] aromatic roots h be5 us$ z a tonic4 ,,two-,,w+ ,,silv]bell 7,sn[drop ,tree7 ,halesia dipt]a ,ellis ,?is attractive tree or %rub1 may gr[ z a small tree1 sometimes z mu* z #cj feet high1 ) a trunk #f to #aj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,x occurs 9 ri*1 wet woods & on ! bord]s ( swamps & /reams1 b is adaptable to _m sites4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! s\!a/]n portion ( ,texas1 be+ a native ( ! ,gulf ,region4 ,illu/ration3 ,,two-,,w+ ,,silv]bell 7,twig1 leaf1 & fl[] "o-half natural size2 fruit ab\t "o-six? natural size7 ,! ,,b>k ( ! trunk is br[n1 divid$ by irregul> longitud9al fissures1 & sep>at+ on ! surface into ?9 scales4 ,! b>k on ! twigs =ms long1 loose1 br[n fib]s1 :i* makes x easy to id5tify dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! alt]nate1 ovate to obovate ,,leaves are bright gre5 above1 pal] & d[ny und]nea?1 #c to #d in*es long1 & #b to #b in*es wide4 ,!y are mu* l>g] on "y %oots4 ,! leaves h m9ute call\s tee?4 ,! :ite ,,fl[]s1 usually ab\t #a in* long1 come be=e ! leaves & are borne 9 clu/]s ( #c to #e4 ,! tree is *>m+ :5 ?ickly hung ) its 8silv] bells40 ,! ,,fruit is ab\t #b in*es long ) two wide1 ?9 w+s1 & two 7r>ely ?ree7 n>r[ w+s 9 betwe54 ,! ,,wood is light1 s(t1 /rong1 close-gra9$1 & light br[n1 ) ?ick1 light]-color$ sapwood4 ,x is n ( comm]cial importance4 ,,c>ol9a ,,a% 7,wat] ,a%7 ,frax9us c>ol9iana ,mill4 ,wat] a% is common 9 %ad$ swamps1 we/w>d to ! valley ( ! ,ne*es ,riv]4 ,x =ms a tree1 r>ely m ?an #dj feet high1 ) a trunk sometimes #ab in*es 9 diamet]1 & has small bran*es1 mak+ a n>r[1 (t5 r\nd-topp$ head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>ol9a ,,a% 7,leaflet & fruit1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size2 leaf1 "o-f\r? natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is ?91 light gray1 & m>k$ by l>ge irregul>ly %ap$ r\nd pat*es :i* sep>ate into small1 ?91 close scales4 ,! ,,leaves are comp\nd$1 #g to #ab in*es long1 ?ick & firm :5 mature1 ) #e to #g1 ovate to oblong1 f9ely to co>sely too!d leaflets1 #c to #f in*es long1 #b to #c in*es wide1 d>k gre5 above1 & pal] bel[4 ,! small male & female ,,fl[]s appe> on sep>ate trees1 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,! ,,fruit is elliptic to oblong-ovate1 frequ5tly ?ree-w+$1 #b in*es long1 to in* wide4 ,! w+ ext5ds bel[ ! body ( ! fruit & n>r[s into a /ipitate 7/alk-l7 base4 ,! ,,wood is light1 s(t1 weak1 close-gra9$1 ne>ly :ite1 sometimes yell[i%1 ) ?ick1 light]-color$ sapwood4 ,x is us$ *iefly = fuel4 ,,:ite ,,a% ,frax9us am]icana ,l4 ,:ite a% is f\nd 9 ,ea/ ,texas to ! valley ( ! ,tr9ity ,riv]4 ,x gr[s be/ 9 ! ri* moi/ soils ( upp] bottoml&s4 ,! b>k is gray & furr[$1 ! bran*lets smoo? & gray ) ru/-color$ w9t] buds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,a% 7,twig & fruit1 "o-half natural size2 leaf1 "o-?ird natural size7 ,! comp\nd opposite ,,leaves are g5]ally /raight1 #h to #ab in*es long1 ) #e to #i 7usually #g7 %>p po9t$ leaflets1 d>k gre5 above & pal] & :iti% b5ea?4 ,! male & female ,,fl[]s appe> on sep>ate trees1 ! male 9 d5se r$di%-purple clu/]s & ! female 9 m op5 bran*es4 ,! ,,fruit is a sam>a1 #a to #a in*es long1 resembl+ ! blade ( a canoe paddle 9 outl9e1 ) ! smoo?1 t]ete body at ! h&le end4 ,! fruit matures 9 late summ] & is di/ribut$ effectively by ! w9ds4 ,! ,,wood ( :ite a% is extremely valuable because ( its t\ghness & ela/icity4 ,x is pref]r$ = small tool h&les1 a?letic equipm5t1 & agricultural implem5ts1 & is us$ ext5sively = furniture & int]ior f9i%4 ,! a%es comprise ! only gr\p ( trees 9 ea/]n ,am]ica t h opposite1 p9nately comp\nd leaves ) #e or m leaflets4 ,?is fact provides a ready means ( id5tify+ ! gr\p4 ,!re are at lea/ sev5 o!r species ( a% 9 ,texas4 ,,gre5 ,,a% ,frax9us p5nsylvanica ,m>%4 ,gre5 a% is a common tree along /reams z f> we/ z ! ,guadalupe ,riv]4 ,x atta9s a height ( #ej feet or m1 has spread+ bran*es & a trunk rang+ up to #b feet 9 diamet]4 ,! ,,twigs are smoo?1 r\nd1 & a%y gray1 m>k$ by pale l5ticels & ru/y bud-scales4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gre5 ,,a% 7,fruit1 two-?irds natural size2 leaf1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is in* or m ?ick2 br[n1 t+$ ) r$1 & slightly furr[$ or ridg$4 ,! ,,leaves are opposite comp\nd1 #aj to #ab in*es long1 ) #e to #i po9t$ leaflets slightly too!d on ! m>g94 ,!y diff] f ^? ( :ite a% 9 be+ lu/r\s gre5 on bo? sides or slightly pal] b5ea?4 ,! t]m9al leaflet is frequ5tly askew f ! ma9 axis ( ! ra*is4 ,! small1 male & female ,,fl[]s occur on sep>ate trees4 ,! ,,fruit is flat1 w+$1 #a to #a in*es long1 to in* wide1 ! w+ portion ext5d+ well d[n pa/ ! middle ( ! t]ete1 _m-ray$ body4 ,! w+ is sometimes squ>e or slightly not*$ at ! out] end4 ,! ,,wood is heavy1 h>d1 r /rong1 brittle1 & co>se-gra9$4 ,x is us$ = ! same purposes z :ite a% b is n z desirable4 ,,swamp ,,privet 7,common ,adelia7 ,=e/i]a acum9ata 7,mi*x47 ,poir4 ,swamp privet or =e/i]a is f\nd along riv] banks1 lakes1 & /&+ wat] ov] ea/]n ,texas to ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,x is usually a l>ge %rub b (t5 becomes a small tree1 less ?an #cj feet high1 ) a %ort trunk usually less ?an #h in*es 9 diamet]4 ,its y\nge/ bran*es are sl5d]1 some:at hairy1 slightly angul>1 & v>y 9 color f yell[i%-gre5 to br[n4 ,!y become d>k] & m r\nd$ ! second season4 ,illu/ration3 ,,swamp ,,privet 7,leaves1 "o-fif? natural size2 fruit1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is ?91 d>k br[n to br[ni%-gray1 close1 & slightly ridg$4 ,! ,,leaves are ?91 simple1 opposite1 #b to #d in*es long1 #a to #a in*es wide1 po9t$ at bo? ends1 yell[i%-gre5 on ! upp] surface1 pal] on ! l[] surface1 & slightly too!d above ! middle4 ,! ,,fl[]s appe> 9 ,april be=e ! leaves4 ,!y are ( two k9ds1 borne sep>ately on ! same tree1 r small & 9 clu/]s4 ,! ,,fruit1 a drupe1 falls :5 ripe 9 ,may or ,june4 ,x is ab\t #a in* long & in* wide1 oblong1 & tipp$ ) a po9t4 ,! ripe fruit is deep purple1 & conta9s a t\gh1 dry pulp & a "o-se$$ /one4 ,! ,,wood is close-gra9$1 yell[i%-br[n1 weak1 & r s(t4 ,x has no economic use4 ,,fr+etree 7,:ite ,fr+etree7 ,*ionan?us virg9icus ,l4 ,*ildr5 give ?is tree1 ) its droop+1 fr+y1 :ite fl[]s1 su* names z 8grancy-gray be>d0 & 8old-man's be>d40 ,beautiful bo? 9 fl[] & fruit1 x is a desirable tree = ornam5tal plant+4 ,x occurs naturally 9 loamy soil ov] ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate to ! valley ( ! ,brazos ,riv] & g5]ally gr[s 9 ! %ade ( o!r trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr+etree 7,fl[]1 ?ree-f\r?s natural size2 leaf & fruit1 "o-half natural size7 ,! ,,b>k is simil> to t ( a "y a%1 b is r\gh] & :it]4 ,x has tonic prop]ties1 & is us$ 9 dome/ic rem$ies4 ,! r l>ge1 ovate ,,leaves are #d to #h in*es long1 & to #d in*es wide1 d>k gre5 on ! upp] surface1 pal] und]nea?1 & turn+ a cle> bright yell[ 9 autumn4 ,! leaves are opposite1 & leave conspicu\s sc>s :5 !y fall4 ,! odd :ite ,,fl[]s1 :i* appe> ) ! v "y leaves1 are borne 9 long1 loose droop+ panicles4 ,! petals are v n>r[ & long1 giv+ ! effect ( fr+e4 ,! ,,fruit is a d>k blue-purple drupe1 sometimes z mu* z an in* long1 ) a glauc\s bloom1 & borne 9 loose1 droop+ panicles4 ,x is an excell5t de] & bird food4 ,,nor!rn ,,catalpa 7,we/]n ,catalpa7 ,catalpa speciosa ,w>d] ,catalpa1 (t5 miscall$ 8catawba01 is f\nd naturaliz$ 9 ea/]n ,texas & occurs on v>i\s qualities ( soil1 mo/ frequ5tly on ri*1 moi/ bottoms4 ,x is a m$ium-siz$ tree1 r>ely exce$+ #ej feet 9 height & #ae in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! trunk is usually %ort & ! head broad ) spread+ bran*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nor!rn ,,catalpa 7,leaf1 "o-?ird natural size2 twig & se$1 two-?irds natural size2 pod1 "o-f\r? natural size7 ,! ,,b>k v>ies f d>k gray to br[n1 & is slightly r\gh1 be+ divid$ into n>r[1 %all[ /rips or flakes4 ,! ,,leaves are simple1 opposite1 cordate-bas$1 long-po9t$1 #f to #aj in*es long1 & s(tly pubesc5t b5ea?4 ,! ,,fl[]s appe> 9 clu/]s or panicles 9 ,april or ,may1 & are #a to #b in*es long1 trumpet-%ap$1 ! wavy & spread+ corolla irregul>1 two-lob$1 & ) a n>r[ not* on ! m>g92 corolla :ite ) purple & yell[ m>k+s4 ,! ,,fruit consi/s ( a bean-l capsule #h to #af in*es long & f to in* 9 diamet]4 ,x hangs on ! tree ov] w9t] & gradually splits into two p>ts1 or valves4 ,! se$s are ab\t #a in* long & t]m9ate 9 w+s t are r\nd$ & %ort-fr+$ at ! ends4 ,! ,,wood is r s(t1 light1 co>se-gra9$1 & durable1 9 contact ) ! soil4 ,x is us$ = f5ce po/s1 poles & fuel1 & occasionally = railroad ties4 ,x is a mi/ake to attempt to gr[ catalpa = f5ce po/s or o!r uses except on good agricultural soil4 ,,s\!rn ,,catalpa 7,c4 bignonioides ,walt47 has a ?91 scaly b>k1 abruptly %ort-acum9ate leaf1 fetid :5 cru%$4 ,m>g9 ( l[] lobe ( fl[] entire4 ,! valves ( ! capsule flatt5 aft] dehisc5ce4 ,! t]m9al tuft on ! se$ =ms a po9t4 ,,des]twill[ ,*ilopsis l9e>is 7,cav47 ,sweet ,?is int]e/+ tree1 s nam$ because ( its will[-l leaves1 is closely relat$ to ! catalpa4 ,(t5 rea*+ a height ( #be feet & a diamet] ( #aj to #ab in*es1 x is f\nd usually 9 dry1 gravelly1 por\s soils 9 ! valley ( ! l[] ,rio ,gr&e & ?r\gh ,we/ ,texas4 ,! ,,leaves are less ?an in* wide & f #f to #ab in*es long1 light gre51 & po9t$4 ,_! arrangem5t on ! twig is ei!r opposite or alt]nate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,des]twill[ 7,leaf1 "o-?ird natural size2 fruit & fl[]s1 "o-half natural size7 ,! :ite ,,fl[]s %ade into pale purple & are blot*$ 9 _! 8?roats0 ) pale purple4 ,!y occur 9 an elongat$ clu/]1 or raceme1 op5+ successively t[>d ! end ( ! fl[] /alk4 ,! ,,fruit 8pods0 are capsules #g to #ab in*es long1 h>d or woody1 v sl5d]1 & conta9 num]\s small se$s4 ,! s(t1 weak1 close-gra9$ ,,wood is br[n /reak$ ) yell[4 ,! sapwood turns to he>twood 9 #b or #c ye>s4 ,,common ,,buttonbu% ,cephalan?us occid5talis ,l4 ,buttonbu% ( ,texas is a small tree or l>ge %rub up to #ah feet high1 ) a /raight1 tap]+ trunk up to #ab in*es 9 diamet]4 ,atta9+ its l>ge/ size 9 moi/ ri* soil ( ea/]n ,texas1 x is also f\nd to ! valley ( ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,! bran*es are g5]ally upright1 ! spread+ bran*lets ) pi?y 9 ! c5t]s1 (t5 occurr+ 9 :orls ( ?ree f "o place on ! /em4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,buttonbu% 7,leaf1 "o-?ird natural size2 fruit & fl[]s1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! ,,leaves occur 9 pairs or :orls ( #c 7occasionally m7 ea* oval or elliptical1 po9t$1 r\nd$ at ! base1 f #b to #g in*es long by #a to #c in*es wide4 ,!y are ?91 d>k gre5 above1 ) a l>ge c5tral midrib1 & some:at hairy b5ea?4 ,!y fall 9 autumn or rema9 on bran*lets ov] w9t]4 ,! ,,fl[]s =m a creamy :ite or yell[ r\nd head ab\t #a in* 9 diamet] & are borne 9 clu/]s4 ,! _m small fl[]s 9 ! head are fragrant & nect>-be>+4 ,! long ?read-l project+ /yles are conspicu\s on ! fl[]+ heads4 ,! ,,fruit consi/s ( a mass ( nuts 9 a globul> head =m+ an aggregate fruit in* 9 diamet]4 ,! r$-br[n nutlets h #b to #d clos$1 #a-se$$ portions4 ,! ,,wood is ( little value4 ,,ru/y ,,blackhaw 7,viburnum7 ,viburnum rufidulum ,raf4 ,ru/y blackhaw is f\nd 9 woods & ?ickets ov] ,ea/ ,texas4 ,x =ms a tree1 sometimes #ce feet high1 ) a trunk ov] a foot 9 diamet]1 b is usually mu* small]1 (t5 fl[]+ z a %rub4 ,! twigs are a%y-gray1 becom+ d>k dull r$di%-br[n aft] "o to sev]al ye>s4 ,! w9t] buds are d5sely cov]$ ) ru/y br[n hairs :i* p]si/ = "s weeks at ! base ( ! leaf-/alks4 ,! ,,b>k is to in* ?ick1 becom+ r\gh5$ into small plate-l1 d>k br[n scales t+$ ) r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ru/y ,,blackhaw 7,fruit & twig1 ?ree-qu>t]s natural size2 leaf1 two-?irds natural size7 ,! simple ,,leaves are opposite or :orl$1 elliptic to obovate or oval1 po9t$ or blunt at ! apex1 w$ge-%ap$ or r\nd$ at ! base1 & ) f9e tee? on ! m>g94 ,!y are lea!ry 9 texture1 lu/r\s d>k gre5 above1 pale & dull bel[1 ab\t #c in*es long1 & #a to #a in*es wide4 ,! ,,fl[]s are small & :ite2 ea* has five petals & five /am5s1 & appe> 9 ! spr+ 9 d5se clu/]s at ! tips ( bran*es4 ,! ,,fruit rip5s 9 ! fall4 ,x is a bright blue1 oval drupe1 ov] in* long1 cov]$ ) a glauc\s bloom1 & conta9+ a /ony se$ in* long & in* wide4 ,! bad smell+ ,,wood has no economic use4 ,o!r ,texas ,trees ,,arizona ,,cypress 7,cupressus arizonica ,gre5e7 is an ev]gre5 native to ! m\nta9s ( ! s\? ,trans-,pecos ,region4 ,x gr[s f a height ( #cj to #gj feet & #ah to #bd in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! ne$les are blue-gre54 ,fruit a cone z l>ge z #a in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! wood is heavy & us$ to "s ext5t = f5ce po/s4 ,,alligator ,,junip] 7,junip]us deppeana ,/eud47 gr[s 9 ! m\nta9s ( s\?we/]n ,texas1 normally z a small tree1 or ev5 z a sprawl+ %rub "u adv]se conditions4 ,its "n d]ives f ! fact t ! b>k on old] trees some:at resembles alligator hide1 be+ brok5 up into squ>e plates #a to #b in*es across4 ,! leaves are ab\t in* long1 & blue-gre5 9 color4 ,! fruit is b]ry-l1 ne>ly r\nd1 r$di%-br[n1 & matures 9 two seasons4 ,se$s #c-d4 ,,droop+ ,,junip] 7,weep+ ,junip]7 7,junip]us flaccida ,s*lect47 occurs 9 ?is c\ntry only on ! slopes ( ! ,*isos ,m\nta9s 9 ,brew/] ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,x has graceful spread+ bran*es ) long sl5d]1 droop+ bran*lets4 ,aft] ! leaves fall1 ! ?9 bright c9namon-br[n b>k sep>at+ into ?9 loose pap]y scales is *>act]i/ic4 ,,"o-,,se$ ,,junip] 7,junip]us monosp]ma ,engelm4 ,s>g47 occurs ?r\gh\t we/]n ,texas1 usually z a spread+ %rub or small1 mu* bran*$ tree4 ,! b>k is a%y gray1 ridg$ & %r$dy4 ,! leaves resemble ^? ( ! alligator junip]1 b are gray-gre5 9 color1 & fr+$ ) m9ute tee?4 ,! fruit is small]1 usually copp] color$ or occasionally blue1 usually "o-se$$1 & matures 9 "o season4 ,,rocky ,,m\nta9 ,,junip] 7,junip]us scopulorum ,s>g47 occurs 9 we/]n ,texas :]e x is (t5 ! l>ge/ ( ! junip]s f\nd !re4 ,! b>k is r$di%-br[n or grayi%-br[n1 ?91 fibr\s1 & divid$ into flat1 int]lac+ ridges4 ,! leaves are simil> to ^? ( ! alligator junip]1 b pale to d>k gre5 9 color4 ,! fruit is ne>ly r\nd1 blue1 & matures 9 two seasons4 ,se$s #a to #c1 usually #b4 ,,texas ,,palmetto 7,sabal texana ,o4 ,f4 ,cook ,becc47 sometimes call$ palm1 b n to be confus$ ) ! dw>f palmetto 7,sabal m9or ,jacq4 ,p]s47 f\nd 9 ,ea/ ,texas1 rea*es to heights ( #cj to #ej feet & (t5 #b feet 9 diamet]4 ,x is a native ( ! ri* bottoml&s on ! ,b]n&o ,riv] 9 ,cam]on ,c\nty1 ,texas1 b has be5 widely cultivat$ & is f\nd along ! ,gulf ,coa/1 :]e ! trunks are sometimes us$ = :>f piles4 ,on ! l[] ,rio ,gr&e ! leaves are us$ = ! ?at* ( h\ses4 ,,s\!rn ,,bayb]ry 7,sweet ,myrtle or ,wax ,myrtle7 7,myrica c]if]a ,l47 sweet myrtle is f\nd 9 ,ea/ ,texas1 usually 9 swamp l&s4 ,its small yell[-gre5 leaves are fragrant ) a balsam-l res9\s odor4 ,light gre5 b]ries1 ab\t in* 9 diamet] rema9 on ! trees dur+ ! w9t] mon?s & are coat$ ) a ?ick1 pale blue wax4 ,bay b]ry c&les are made f ! wax4 ,,rio ,,gr&e ,,cottonwood 7,populus fremontii v>4 wisliz5ii ,s4 ,watts7 is "o ( sev]al cottonwoods gr[+ 9 ,we/ ,texas4 ,five o!r cottonwoods are native to ! we/]n "p ( ! /ate4 ,wood is us$ = fuel & raft]s ( ,mexican h\ses4 ,x is n durable 9 ! gr\nd1 b is fa/ gr[+ on mo/ areas4 ,populus tremuloides ,mi*x41 call$ quak+ asp5 or asp5 popple1 is a small-leaf$1 :ite-b>k$ tree ( ! ,trans-,pecos ,region4 ,,speckl$ ,,ald] 7,hazel ,ald]7 7,alnus rugosa ,du ,roi ,spr5g47 occurs 9 ,ea/ ,texas we/ to approximately ! #ig? m]idian4 ,x is a ?icket-=m+ %rub ) ?ick foliage & is "o ( ! fir/ plants to leaf out 9 ! spr+4 ,birds fe$ ^u ! num]\s nutlets produc$ by ! woody1 cone-l /ructure4 ,,sweet ,,acacia 7,huisa*e7 7,acacia f>nesiana ,l4 ,willd47 f\nd ma9ly 9 ,s\? ,texas1 is a small1 sp9y %rub1 ) bright yell[ fl[]s4 ,fruit a turgid1 woody pod4 ,! wood is heavy1 h>d1 & a ri*1 r$di%-br[n4 ,,guajillo 7,acacia b]l&i]i ,b5?47 pron\nc$ 8wa-he-o01 is ! fam\s honey plant ( ! ,lone ,/> ,/ate4 ,f its :ite fl[]s bees produce a wat]-:ite honey1 highly valu$ = its flavor & purity4 ,guajillo occurs 9 ,s\? ,texas1 & resembles ! o!r trees 9 ! acacia gr\p4 ,! wood is us$ locally = fuel4 ,,great ,,leadtree 7,mexican ,leadtree7 7,leuca5a pulv]ul5ta ,s*le*t ,b5?47 sometimes call$ 8tepehuaje0 or mimosa1 is f\nd on ! ri* moi/ soil ( riv] banks & small /reams only a few miles f ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,gr&e ,riv]4 ,x gr[s #ej to #fj feet high & #ah in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! f9ely divid$ leaves give ! tree ! appe>ance ( a huge f]n4 ,se$ pods are #aj to #ab in*es long4 ,! wood is heavy1 h>d1 v close-gra9$1 ri* d>k br[n ) a cle> yell[ sapwood4 ,x is consid]$ valuable & is sometimes manufactur$ into lumb]4 ,two o!r species1 7,l4 greggii ,s4 ,wats47 & 7,l4 retusa ,b5?471 are f\nd 9 ,we/ ,texas b are small]4 ,,texas ,,sophora 7,coral ,bean7 7,sophora aff9is ,torr4 & ,gray7 also call$ 8be> b]ry01 & p9k or bead$ locu/1 is a native to mo/ all ( ,texas4 ,x occurs z a small siz$ tree1 #ah to #bj feet tall & #h to #aj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! bran*es are slightly zigzag1 bright gre5 :5 "y turn+ to orange-br[n4 ,! leaves are #f to #i in*es long1 made up ( f #ac to #ai leaflets4 ,9 ! fall1 x is load$ ) clu/]s ( black bean pods4 ,! pods are peculi> 9 %ape 9 t !y are p9*$ 9 at ea* se$ giv+ x ! appe>ance ( a /r+ ( beads4 ,9 fact1 x is (t5 call$ ! 8necklace tree0 = t reason4 ,! wood is v h>d1 light r$ 9 color1 ) a ?ick bright cle> yell[ sapwood4 ,,texas ,,porli]ia 7,guayacan7 7,porli]ia angu/ifolia ,engelm4 ,a4 ,gray7 or soap bu%1 an ev]gre5 ( s\!rn & we/]n ,texas1 is usually a %rub1 b occasionally rea*es #h in*es 9 diamet] & #cj feet 9 height4 ,x is a s\rce ( e>ly spr+ honey 9 ! ,rio ,gr&e ,valley4 ,its wood is heavy1 h>d1 & exceptionally durable4 ,guayacan1 sometimes call$ guaiacum1 is ! h>de/ wood 9 ,texas & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! lignum-vitae ( comm]ce is produc$ f ano!r species4 ,,b>etta 7,helietta p>vifolia ,a4 ,gray ,b5?47 a native ( ! ,rio ,gr&e ,valley & abundant 9 ,/>r ,c\nty :]e x may =m consid]able ?ickets1 ?is small1 sl5d] ev]gre5 is seldom m ?an #e or #f feet tall4 ,on lime/one ridges ( ! ,si]ra ,madre ( ,nuevo ,leon x rea*es #bj to #be feet high4 ,its leaves are trifoliate1 #a to #b in*es long1 & conspicu\sly m>k$ ) black gl&ul> dots4 ,! bran*es are br[ni%-r$1 b ) bright yell[1 new gr[?4 ,! species is n native to any o!r section ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,tree ,,( ,,heav5 7,ailan?us altissima ,mill4 ,sw+le7 is native to ! ,ori5t b has be5 introduc$ to ?is c\ntry :]e x has gr[n wild & occurs g5]ally ?r\gh\t ,texas4 ,! long1 p9nately comp\nd leaves1 #bd to #dh in*es long1 ) #aa to #da leaflets1 are gl&ul> too!d at ! base4 ,! fl[]s & bruis$ leaves h a disagreeable odor4 ,! tree is fa/ gr[+ & spreads by suck]s z well z by se$4 ,,*9ab]ry 7,melia az$>a* ,l47 al?\gh a native ( ,asia1 is s widely gr[n 9 ,texas z an ornam5tal t x c be se5 almo/ any:]e4 ,x is a memb] ( ! mahogany family4 ,! b>k is furr[$1 ) ! ridges flat-topp$4 ,! alt]nate leaves are twice-comp\nd & #aj to #cb in*es long4 ,! leaflets are alt]nate1 ovate to elliptic1 %>ply too!d or lob$1 to #b in*es long1 light gre5 & usually smoo?4 ,! fl[]s are %[y1 lilac-color$1 fragrant1 ne>ly an in* across1 & arrang$ 9 loose clu/]s :i* appe> 9 ,april4 ,! fruit is ne>ly r\nd1 to in* 9 diamet]1 fle%y1 & yell[ :5 mature4 ,! wood is mod]ately heavy & mod]ately h>d1 light r$di%-br[n 9 color1 ) a r n>r[1 yell[i% sapwood4 ,=m]ly x 0 mu* us$ = cab9et-"w4 ,,am]ican ,,smoketree 7,*ittamwood7 7,cot9us obovatus ,raf47 a memb] ( ! sumac family1 x gr[s along ! ,m$9a & ,guadalupe ,riv]s & 9 ,k5dall ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,occasionally x rea*es a height ( #cj feet & #ab in*es 9 diamet]1 b usually gr[s z a %rub or small tree1 its trunk divid+ into sev]al /ems #aj feet or s above ! gr\nd4 ,! wood is bright1 cle>1 ri* orange color1 & yields ! same color dye4 ,sometimes x is us$ = f5ce po/s4 ,c4 coggygria1 ! smoketree ( g>d5s1 is cultivat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,texas ,,pi/a*e 7,pi/acia texana ,sw+le7 a less common memb] ( ! sumac family1 is f\nd native on lime/one cliffs & ! rocky bottoms ( canyons along ! l[] ,pecos ,riv] 9 ,valv]de ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,x rea*es a height ( #ae to #bj feet & produces a fruit resembl+ ! pi/a*io nut ( comm]ce1 except t x is small] 9 size4 ,,ea/]n ,,wahoo 7,euonymus atropurpureus ,jacq47 also call$ arr[-wood & burn+ bu% 9 "s localities is a small tree r>ely ov] #bj feet high & #d to #f in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! b>k is ?9 & cov]$ ) ?91 t9y scales4 ,! wood is heavy1 h>d1 :ite1 t+$ ) orange4 ,! leaves are opposite1 ?91 & f9ely s]rate4 ,9 ! fall & w9t] ! tree is *>act]iz$ by bright r$ b]ries 9 light] r$1 #d-lob$ capsules4 ,x is a native ( ,ea/ ,texas4 ,,florida ,,maple 7,s\!rn ,sug> ,maple7 7,ac] b>batum ,mi*x47 gr[s 9 ,ea/ ,texas & resembles ! sug> maple 7,a4 sac*>um ,m>%47 ) :i* x bl5ds 9 ,nor!a/ ,texas1 except t ! tips ( ! leaves ( ,a4 b>batum ,mi*x4 are m r\nd$ & ! "y leaves are hairy on ! und]side :5 !y fir/ unfold4 ,,bigtoo? ,,maple 7,ac] gr&id5tatum ,nutt47 a maple native to ! m\nta9s & canyons ( ! ,trans-,pecos ,region ( ,texas1 gr[s to #cj & #dj feet high & occasionally #h to #aj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,its bright r$ bran*lets are ne>ly encircl$ by ! n>r[ leaf-sc>s4 ,leaf lobes few too!d or ne>ly entire4 ,:5 accessible1 ! wood is valuable = fuel & build+ mat]ial4 ,,uvalde ,,bigtoo? ,,maple 7,sug> or ,m\nta9 ,maple7 7,ac] gr&id5tatum v>4 s9uosum ,r5d4 ,little7 resembles ! above two maples b is conf9$ to ! ,balcones ,esc>pm5t 9 we/]n ,texas along creek bottoms 9 p>ts ( ,k5dall1 ,b&]a1 & ,uvalde ,c\nties4 ,x is a r>e tree1 seldom m ?an #bj feet high4 ,bran*lets pale r$-br[n & m>k$ by pale l5ticels dur+ _! fir/ season1 ultimately turn+ dull gray-br[n4 ,,florida ,,basswood 7,tilia floridana ,small7 gr[s f ,ea/ ,texas to ! ,edw>ds ,plateau4 ,! leaves are co>sely s]rate ) %>p-po9t$ tips1 d>k gre5 & glauc\s above1 & pale or cov]$ ) a silv]y-:ite bloom & (t5 axill>y hairs bel[4 ,! tree may rea* #dj to #ej feet high & #ab to #ae in*es 9 diamet]4 ,,c>ol9a ,,basswood 7,tilia c>ol9iana ,mill47 locat$ 9 ,ea/ ,texas to ! ,edw>ds ,plateau1 ,k5dall ,c\nty4 ,und]side ( ! ovate leaves cov]$ ) s(t1 %ort1 br[ni%-:ite hairs2 smoo? on upp] surface & co>se-ve9$4 ,leaves usually obliquely truncate at ! base4 ,,tam>isk 7,tam>ix species7 all ( ! _m species ( ,tam>ix are native to ! ,m$it]ranean ,region or to ,ea/ ,asia & ,india4 ,h[ev]1 ?ree ( !m 7,t4 araiculata ,vahl1 ,t4 gallica ,l41 & ,t4 p5t&ra ,pall471 are widely plant$ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,all are %rubby 9 nature1 or !y may atta9 ! /ature ( small trees4 ,:5 ( tree size1 ! trunk normally is %ort1 ) ma9 bran*es q close to ! gr\nd4 ,?is gives rise to a wide-spread+ bu%y cr[n4 ,! leaves are sp>se1 delicate1 ev]gre51 alt]nate1 simple1 small1 scale-l1 pale gre5 to dull or blui%-gre51 ovate or rhombic1 %>p po9t$1 sometimes ) ?91 dry m>g9s1 & )\t petioles4 ,! foliage pres5ts a lea!ry appe>ance4 ,! wood is h>d1 heavy1 :ite to light /raw color$1 %[s a prom95t mottl$ wavy patt]n :5 qu>t]-sawn1 & takes a high poli%4 ,,buck?orn ,,bumelia 7,buck?orn7 7,bumelia lycioides ,l4 ,p]s47 also call$ ironwood1 is f\nd along ! ,s\!a/ ,coa/al ,region ( ,texas4 ,9 contra/ to ,b4 lanug9osa1 ! leaves are smoo? in/ead ( hairy on ! und]side4 ,!y are also ?94 ,sometimes gr[s #be to #cj feet 9 height ) a %ort trunk r>ely m ?an #f in*es 9 diamet]4 ,x has /\t1 flexible bran*es1 usually un>m$4 ,,texas ,,bumelia 7,bumelia lanug9osa v>4 rigida ,a4 ,gray7 occurs 9 ,texas f ! upp] ,brazos ,riv] to ! ,rio ,gr&e & upp] ,guadalupe ,riv]4 ,x has ?ick1 lea!ry-l leaves smoo? on ! und]side4 ,! lat]al bran*es are sp9y & occasionally end 9 /\t p9es2 bran*lets sl5d]1 (t5 zigzag1 & lu/r\s4 ,! fre%-cut wood ( ! bumelias 9 ,texas usually produces consid]able quantities ( cle> viscid gum4 ,mexicans h giv5 "s species ( ?is small tree ! "n 8*ickle0 = t reason4 ,,texas ,,p]simmon 7,black ,p]simmon7 7,diospyros texana ,s*eele7 also call$ ,mexican p]simmon1 is native to s\!rn & s\?we/]n ,texas1 f ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by #a to #b in* leaves & small edible black fruits1 ab\t in* 9 diamet]4 ,!y w /a9 ! sk9 black4 ,mexicans make a hair dye f ! ripe fruit1 :i* has giv5 ! plant ! local "n ( 8capote04 ,! wood is heavy ) a black he>twood (t5 /reak$ ) yell[1 & ) a bright yell[ sapwood4 ,! wood is us$ 9 turn]y & = ! h&les ( tools4 ,,texas ,,a% 7,frax9us tex5sis ,a4 ,gray ,s>g47 a small tree1 r>ely m ?an #ej feet high1 ( ! dry lime/one bluffs & ridges ( ! ,dallas area to ! valley ( ! ,colorado ,riv] & ! ,edw>ds ,plateau4 ,leaves #e to #h in*es long ) usually five1 long-/alk$ leaflets4 ,fruit 9 %ort1 compact clu/]s4 ,,b]l&i] ,,a% 7,mexican ,a%7 7,frax9us b]l&i]iana ,a4 ,,dc47 gr[s along ! banks ( /reams & canyons 9 ! ,san ,antonio & ,neuces ,riv] wat]%$s & ov] ! ,edw>ds ,plateau4 ,x is r>ely m ?an #cj feet tall4 ,! ?ree to five leaflets are smoo?4 ,! wood is light br[n & s(t4 ,,anacahuita 7,texas ,wild-,olive7 7,cordia boiss]i ,a4 ,,dc47 occurs along ! l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley1 is said to be almo/ ext9ct4 ,x is a small tree1 sometimes #bj feet tall & #f to #h in*es 9 diamet]1 not$ = its l>ge velvety leaves 7#d to #e in*es long & #c to #d in*es wide71 clu/]s ( yell[ & :ite fl[]s & delicate ivory-:ite coat$ fruit4 ,! b>k is ?91 gray1 t+$ ) r$4 ,,anaqua 7,ehretia anacua ,mi] & ,b]l&4 ,john/47 also call$ knackaway1 anama1 & y>a1 occurs 9 ,we/ ,texas f ! upp] ,san ,m>cos ,riv] to ! ,rio ,gr&e ,riv]4 ,x is a tree ( ! tropics & ( ab\t #dj species 9 its family1 is ! only "o f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & "h only 9 ,texas4 ,x is valu$ z a %ade tree 9 "s communities ( ,s\? ,texas & is not$ = its gr[? & beauty4 ,occasionally x gr[s to a height ( #dj to #ej feet ) a trunk #c feet 9 diamet]1 atta9+ its l>ge/ size on ! ,guadalupe & ,nueces ,riv]s4 ,anaqua has sl5d] bran*lets1 )\t t]m9al buds1 & lea!ry1 v r\gh leaves :i* are almo/ ev]gre54 ,x blooms ) :ite fl[]s 9 ,m>* & ,april & has l>ge gr\ps ( edible r$ b]ries 9 ,june & ,july4 ,! wood is heavy1 close-gra9$1 light br[n & ( little value4 ,,texas ,,madrone 7,arbutus texana ,buckl47 also call$ ,texas ,madroo is a small poorly %ap$ tree f\nd on dry lime/one hills1 & 9 ! valley ( ! ,rio ,blanco1 & among ! ,eagle ,m\nta9s4 ,! trunk is seldom ov] "o foot 9 diamet] & is usually divid$ into sev]al bran*es ne> ! gr\nd4 ,! leaves are oval to oblong & p]si/5t until ! new leaves are =m$4 ,! b>k ( "y /ems & bran*es is smoo?1 ?91 & yell[i%-gre5 9 color t+$ ) r$4 ,at ! base ( old trunks ! b>k1 sometimes in* ?ick1 is d>k r$di%-br[n 9 color4 ,,au/rian ,,p9e 7,p9us nigra ,arnold7 is simil> 9 appe>ance to r$ p9e 7,p4 res9osa ,ait47 b ne$les are m rigid4 ,b>k is black to d>k br[n & ! cones are #a to #b in*es long4 ,! tree is a native ( c5tral & s\!rn ,europe & ,asia ,m9or4 ,x has be5 plant$ ext5sively 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 z an ornam5tal b is app>5tly n yet naturaliz$4 ,x is plant$ 9 ,texas 9 w9dbreak plant+s4 ,,russian-,,olive 7,elaeagnus angu/ifolia ,l47 is a small tree1 n m ?an #be feet tall1 usually ) ?orny bran*es4 ,leaves are simple1 alt]nate1 n>r[ & #b to #c in*es long1 bright gre5 on ! upp] surface & silv]y und]nea?4 ,x is a native ( ,europe & ,asia & is us$ z an ornam5tal & 9 w9dbreak plant+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,buffalob]ry 7,silv] ,buffalob]ry7 7,%eph]dia arg5tea ,pur% ,nutt47 is a small silv] gray-gre5 tree ) edible sc>let color$ fruit :i* is useful = mak+ jelly1 :i* may rea* #ah to #bc feet 9 height4 ,x g5]ally has n>r[ oblong leaves to #b in*es long & twigs are (t5 ?orny4 ,its native range is f ! nor!rn ,great ,pla9s to ,kansas4 ,useful = w9dbreak plant+s & erosion control4 ,,sib]ian ,,elm 7,*9ese ,elm7 7,ulmus pumila ,l47 is m commonly kn[n 9 ! ,pla9s area z ,*9ese elm4 ,x is dr\ght-resi/ant & tol]ant ( a v>iety ( sites b _c /& too mu* wat]4 ,a small tree ) sl5d] droop+ bran*es4 ,clu/]s ( %ort p$icell$ w+$ fruit appe> 9 ,april or ,may4 ,! leaves are simple1 alt]nate1 oval to elliptical1 #a to #b in*es long & leaf edges are d\bly s]rate4 ,widely us$ = %ade & w9dbreak plant+s4 ,,w9t]b]ry ,,euonymus 7,euonymus bungeanus ,maxim47 0 introduc$ f ,*9a & has adapt$ well to ! s\!rn ,great ,pla9s area c5t]$ ar\nd ! ,texas ,panh&le4 ,! small tree is v h>dy & dr\ght-resi/ant4 ,its v light gre5 leaves are #b to #d in*es long1 po9t$ & borne on sl5d] petioles4 ,! heavy leaves cause ! petioles to b5d giv+ ! foliage a limp or droop+ appe>ance4 ,"y /ems & bran*es are gre51 old] ones are gray4 ,! fruit is a f\r-lob$ capsule :i*1 be=e rip5+ 9 ! fall1 has a p9ki% ca/4 ,! rip5$ se$s are bright r$4 ,tree ,id5tification ,guide ,! foll[+ guide has be5 includ$ 9 ! ,eigh? edition to assi/ s*ool *ildr5 & int]e/$ adults 9 ! id5tification ( ,texas trees4 ,! guide is non-te*nical & %\ld be treat$ z su*4 ,m detail$ keys are available 9 mo/ public libr>ies4 ,9 ! guide1 trees are gr\p$ accord+ to _! out/&+ *>act]i/ics :i* include leaves1 leaf arrangem5t1 fl[]s1 fruit & site4 ,,! ,,s(twoods ,ne$les ,cones ,%ortleaf#a 7page #ba7 #b to #c 9 a bundle 7usually #a-b long #b72 #c-e long ,loblolly 7page #bj7 #c 9 a bundle2 #f-i long #c-e long ,longleaf 7page #bb7 #c 9 a bundle2 #aj-ae long #f-aj long ,sla% 7page #bc7 #b to #c 9 a bundle 7usually #d-f long #b72 #h-ab long ,note3 ,n includ$ above b commonly f\nd 9 ! longleaf p9e range is a cross betwe5 loblolly & longleaf p9e4 ,?is hybrid tree has *>act]i/ics ( bo? p>5ts4 #a,only native p9e 9 ,texas t spr\ts4 ,pit* pockets are usually pres5t 9 b>k ( old] trees4 ,,! ,,h>dwoods ,,trees ,,) ,,simple ,,leaves ,illu/ration3 ,leaf ,m>g9s--,smoo? 7,leaves opposite on twig7 ,fruits3 ,page ,drupe 7or b]ry7 ,dogwood #ajg ,fr+etree #aag ,pod ,catalpa #aah ,des]twill[ #aai ,multiple ,fruit ,buttonbu% #abj ,illu/ration3 ,leaf ,m>g9s--,smoo? 7,leaves alt]nate on twig7 ,fruits3 ,page ,pod ,corkwood #ce ,pawpaw #gb ,r$bud #hh ,acorn ,:ite oaks #dh-ej1 #eb-ei ,drupe 7or b]ry7 ,hackb]ry #ff ,r$bay #gc ,sassafras #gd ,blackgum #aje ,f>kleb]ry #ajh ,gum ,ela/ic #aji ,s\!rn ,buck?orn #aji1 #abg ,p]simmon #aaj1 #abg ,privet ,swamp #aaf ,multiple ,fruit ,bios-d'arc #fi ,magnolia #gj ,sweetbay #ga ,wit*-hazel #gg ,sycamore #gg ,w+$ ,silv]bell #aab ,illu/ration3 ,leaf ,m>g9s--,too!d 7,leaves opposite on twig7 ,fruits3 ,page ,w+$ ,silv] ,maple #ih ,r$ ,maple #ii ,s\!rn ,sug> ,maple #abf ,sug> ,maple #abf ,big ,too? ,maple #abf ,m\nta9 ,maple #abf ,pod ,des]twill[ #aai ,wahoo #abe ,drupe 7or b]ry7 ,blackhaw #aba ,illu/ration3 ,leaf ,m>g9s--,too!d 7,leaves alt]nate on twig7 ,fruits3 ,page ,drupe 7or b]ry7 ,haw?orn #gh ,mayhaw #gi ,mexican ,plum #hj ,black ,sloe #ha ,black ,*]ry #hb ,laurel*]ry #hc ,holly #if ,yaupon #ig ,basswood #ajc1 #abf ,tupelo ,gum #ajf ,sweetleaf #aaa ,sweet ,myrtle #abc ,anaqua #abh ,w+$ ,! ,elms #fa-fd ,multiple ,fruit ,cottonwood #cf1 #abc ,black ,will[ #cg ,r$ ,mulb]ry #fh ,sweetgum #gf ,ald] 7cone-l7 #abc ,nut ,blue ,bee* 7nut-l7 #ch ,ironwood 7cone-l7 #ci ,riv] ,bir* 7cone-l7 #dj ,am]ican ,bee* #da ,*9kap9 #db ,plan] ,tree #fe ,acorns ,r$ ,oaks #dc-dg ,:ite ,oaks #ea1 #fj ,,trees ,,) ,,comp\nd ,,leaves ,illu/ration3 ,leaf ,m>g9s--,smoo? 7,leaves opposite on twig7 ,fruits3 ,page ,w+$ ,b>etta #abd ,illu/ration3 ,leaf ,m>g9s--,smoo? 7,leaves alt]nate on twig7 ,fruits3 ,page ,pod ,mesquite #hg ,black ,locu/ #ia ,coral ,bean #abd ,guajillo #abc ,multiple ,fruit ,flameleaf ,sumac 7l>ge head$7 #id ,guayacan 7capsule7 #abd ,drupe 7or b]ry7 ,poison-,sumac #ie ,wild ,*9a-tree #ajb ,tree ( ,heav5 #abe ,*9ab]ry #abe ,smoke ,tree #abe ,pi/a*e #abe ,illu/ration3 ,leaf ,m>g9s--,too!d 7,leaves opposite on twig7 ,fruits3 ,page ,w+$ ,boxeld] #ajj ,wat] ,a% #aac ,:ite ,a% #aad ,gre5 ,a% #aae ,mexican ,a% #abh ,illu/ration3 ,leaf ,m>g9s--,too!d 7,leaves alt]nate on twig7 ,fruits3 ,page ,nut ,! ,walnuts #bh ,! ,hickories #bi-cd ,ohio ,buckeye #aja ,drupe 7or b]ry7 ,devils-,walk+/ick 7capsule-l7 #ib ,pod ,wat]locu/ #ij ,w+$ ,hoptree #ic ,,trees ,,) ,,d\bly-,,comp\nd ,,leaves ,illu/ration3 ,leaf ,m>g9s--,smoo? 7,leaves alt]nate on twig7 ,fruits3 ,page ,pod ,texas ,ebony #hd ,catclaw ,acacia #he ,leadtree 7,mimosa7 #hf1 #abd ,honeylocu/ #hi ,huisa*e 7,sweet ,acacia7 #abc ,illu/ration3 ,leaf ,m>g9s--,too!d 7,leaves alt]nate on twig7 ,fruits3 ,page ,drupe 7or b]ry7 ,devils-,walk+/ick #ib ,h]cules-,club #ajd ,,trees ,,t ,,pref] ,,wet ,,sites ,page ,baldcypress #be ,wat] ,hickory #ca ,corkwood #ce ,cottonwood #cf ,black ,will[ #cg ,blue ,bee* 7,hornbeam7 #ch ,ironwood 7,hophornbeam7 #ci ,r$ ,bir* 7,riv] ,bir*7 #dj ,wat] ,oak #dh ,will[ ,oak #di ,bur ,oak #eg ,ov]cup ,oak #eh ,swamp ,*e/nut ,oak #ei ,sweetbay #ga ,sweetgum #gf ,! ,haw?orns #gh1 #gi ,wat]locu/ #ij ,poison-,sumac #ie ,yaupon #ig ,blackgum 7,black ,tupelo7 #aje ,tupelo-,gum 7,wat] ,tupelo7 #ajf ,wat] ,a% #aac ,swamp ,privet #aaf ,ald] #abc ,,h>dwood ,,trees ,,) ,,ev]gre5 ,,leaves ,page ,live ,oak #eb ,s\!rn ,magnolia #gj ,r$bay #gc ,am]ican ,holly #if ,yaupon #ig ,tree ,sp>kleb]ry 7,tree ,huckleb]ry7 #ajh ,b>etta #abd ,,trees ,,^: ,,leaves ,,turn ,,r$ ,,9 ,,autumn ,page ,r$ ,oak #df ,sweetgum #gf ,! ,haw?orns #gh ,! ,sumacs #id ,r$ ,maple #ii ,blackgum #aje ,fl[]+ ,dogwood #ajg ,sug> ,maple 7yell[ z well7 #abf ,,trees ,,^: ,,leaves ,,turn ,,yell[ ,,9 ,,autumn ,page ,! ,hickories #bi-cd ,! ,cottonwoods #cf1 #abc ,black ,will[ #cg ,hophornbeam 7,blue ,bee*7 #ch ,riv] ,bir* #dj ,mo/ ( ! ,oaks 7except ,r$ ,oak7 #dc-fj ,bios-d'arc 7,osage ,orange7 #fi ,s\!rn ,magnolia #gj ,pawpaw #gb ,mesquite #hg ,r$bud #hh ,h]cules-,club #ib ,r$ ,maple #ii ,ohio ,buckeye #aja ,devils-,walk+/ick #ajd ,! ,a%es #aac-aae1 #abh ,fr+etree #aag ,catalpa #aah ,sug> ,maple 7r$ z well7 #abf ,,trees ,,) ,,se$s ,,w+$ ,,or ,,) ,,p>a*ute-,,l ,,atta*m5ts ,page ,! ,cottonwoods #cf1 #abc ,black ,will[ #cg ,am]ican ,hornbeam 7,blue ,bee*7 #ch ,ironwood #ci ,riv] ,bir* #dj ,! ,elms #fa-fd ,plan] ,tree #fe ,sweetgum #gf ,am]ican ,sycamore #gg ,hoptree #ic ,! ,maples #ih-ii1 #abf ,! ,basswoods #ajc1 #abf ,silv]bell #aab ,! ,a%es #aac-aae1 #abh ,catalpa #aah ,des]twill[ #aai ,buttonbu% #abj ,ald] #abc ,tree ( ,heav5 #abe ,,trees ,,) ,,s(t ,,b]ry-,,l ,,fruit ,page ,! ,hackb]ries #ff1 #fg ,! ,mulb]ries #fh ,osage ,orange 7,bois-d'arc7 #fi ,r$bay #gc ,sassafras #gd ,! ,haw?orns #gh-gi ,! ,*]ries & ,plums #hj-hc ,am]ican ,holly #if ,yaupon #ig ,black & ,tupelo ,gum #aje1 #ajf ,dogwood #ajg ,tree ,sp>kleb]ry 7,tree ,huckleb]ry7 #ajh ,gum ,bumelia 7,gum ,ela/ic7 #aji ,p]simmon #aaj1 #abg ,fr+etree #aag ,ru/y ,blackhaw #aba ,,trees ,,:i* ,,produce ,,nuts ,page ,! ,walnuts #bh ,! ,hickories #bi-cd ,am]ican ,bee* #da ,*9kap9 #db ,! ,oaks #dc-fj ,ohio ,buckeye #aja ,,trees ,,) ,,pods ,,z ,,fruit ,page ,corkwood #ce ,texas ,ebony #hd ,catclaw ,acacia #he ,leadtree 7,mimosa7 #hf1 #abd ,mesquite #hg ,r$bud #hh ,honeylocu/ #hi ,wat]locu/ #ij ,black ,locu/ #ia ,catalpa #aah ,des]twill[ #aai ,huisa*e 7,sweet ,acacia7 #abc ,guajillo #abc ,coral ,bean #abd ,mexican ,leadtree #abd ,,trees ,,) ,,bright ,,r$ ,,fruit ,page ,r$ ,mulb]ry #fh ,! ,magnolias #gj1 #ga ,! ,haw?orns #gh1 #gi ,%9+ ,sumac #id ,am]ican ,holly #if ,,trees ,,) ,,sp9es ,,or ,,?orns ,page ,osage-,orange 7,bois-d'arc7 #fi ,! ,haw?orns #gh1 #gi ,texas ,ebony #hd ,catclaw ,acacia #he ,leadtree 7,mimosa7 #hf1 #abd ,mesquite #hg ,honeylocu/ #hi ,wat]locu/ #ij ,black ,locu/ #ia ,prickly ,a% #ib ,devils-,walk+/ick #ajd ,huisa*e 7,sweet ,acacia7 #abc ,,trees ,,) ,,corky ,,projections ,,on ,,twigs ,page ,bur ,oak 7,mossy-,cup ,oak7 #eg ,w+$ ,elm #fb ,c$> ,elm #fc ,sweetgum #gf ,,trees ,,^: ,,twigs ,,h ,a ,,*amb]$ ,,pi? ,page ,walnut #bh ,hackb]ry #ff ,sug>b]ry #fg ,,trees ,,kn[n ,,by ,,! ,,color ,,& ,,%ape ,,( ,,! ,,twig ,,pi? ,page ,/>-%ap$ 9 ,cross-section ,! ,cottonwoods #cf1 #abc ,! ,oaks #dc-fj ,triangul> 9 ,cross-section ,ald] #abc ,br[n 9 ,color ,! ,walnuts #bh ,! ,sumacs #id ,,trees ,,) ,,s+le ,,l>ge ,,fl[]s ,page ,magnolia #gj ,pawpaw #gb ,,trees ,,) ,,fl[]s ,,9 ,,clu/]s ,page ,r$bay #gc ,! ,haw?orns #gh-gi ,! ,plums & ,*]ries #hj-hc ,r$bud #hh ,black ,locu/ #ia ,devils-,walk+/ick #ib ,h]cules-,club #ib ,hoptree #ic ,! ,sumacs #id ,poison-,sumac #ie ,yaupon #ig ,ohio ,buckeye #aja ,we/]n ,soapb]ry #ajb ,! ,basswoods #ajc1 #abf ,fl[]+ ,dogwood #ajg ,silv]bell #aab ,fr+etree #aag ,catalpa #aah ,ru/y ,blackhaw #aba ,,trees ,,^: ,,blossoms ,,appe> ,,be=e ,,or ,,) ,,! ,,leaves ,page ,! ,walnuts #bh ,! ,hickories #bi-cd ,! ,cottonwoods #cf1 #abc ,black ,will[ #cg ,ironwood #ch ,ea/]n ,hophornbeam #ci ,riv] ,bir* #dj ,! ,oaks #dc-fj ,! ,elms #fa-fd ,sassafras #gd ,r$bud #hh ,! ,maples #ih1 #ii1 #abf ,! ,a%es #aac-aae1 #abh ,ald] #abc ,,trees ,,^: ,,blossoms ,,appe> ,,aft] ,,! ,,leaves ,page ,*9kap9 #db ,magnolia #gj ,honeylocu/ #hi ,black ,locu/ #ia ,! ,sumacs #id ,ohio ,buckeye #aja ,basswood #ajc1 #abf ,fl[]+ ,dogwood #ajg ,p]simmon #aaj1 #abg ,silv]bell #aab ,fr+etree #aag ,catalpa #aah ,m\nta9 ,maple #abf ,gloss>y ,a ,a*5e--,a small1 h>d1 dry1 #a-;cell$1 indehisc5t fruit4 ,acrid--,%>p or bit+ to ! ta/e4 ,acum9ate--,tap]+ at end to a gradual po9t4 ,acute--,t]m9at+ 9 a %>p angle4 ,aggregate fruit--,clu/] ( rip5$ ov>ies produc$ f a s+le fl[] conta9+ num]\s pi/ils ins]t$ on a common receptacle4 ,example3 fruit ( magnolia or blackb]ry4 ,alt]nate--,n opposite on ! axis1 b borne at regul> int]vals at diff]5t levels4 ,an!r--,poll5-be>+ /ructure ( a /am54 ,apex--,! tip or end ( a bud or leaf1 i4e41 ! "p opposite ! base4 ,apical--,p]ta9+ to ! tip1 end1 or apex4 ,appress$--,ly+ tight or close aga9/4 ,aromatic--,fragrant2 ) a pleas+ odor4 ,a/r+5t--,contract+2 draw+ toge!r4 ,axil--,! upp] angle =m$ by a leaf or bran* ) a /em4 ,axis--,! c5tral l9e ( an organ2 a /em4 ,b ,b>k--,! out] cov]+ ( a trunk or bran*4 ,basal--,p]ta9+ to or situat$ at ! base4 ,b]ry--,a fruit :i* is fle%y or pulpy ?r\gh\t1 & ) sev]al se$s imb$d$ 9 ! pulpy mass4 ,bisexual--,hav+ bo? /am5s & pi/ils1 i4e41 male & female4 ,bloom--,a p[d]y or some:at waxy sub/ance easily rubb$ (f4 ,also1 to produce or yield blossoms4 ,bole--,! ma9 axis or trunk ( a tree4 ,bract--,modifi$ leaf subt5d+ a fl[] or belong+ to an infloresc5ce4 ,bud-scales--,modifi$ leaves cov]+ a bud4 ,bundle-sc>s--,sc>s on ! surface ( a leaf-sc>4 ,sev]$ ends ( ! fibro-vascul> bundles :i* connect$ ! twigs ) ! leaves4 ,c ,calyx--,! out] p]ian? or floral envelope1 usually gre5 9 color2 sepals1 collectively4 ,cambium--,a ?9-wall$ =mative tissue betwe5 ! b>k & wood4 ,! active gr[+ portion ( ! tree4 ,c>pel--,a simple pi/il or "o memb] ( a comp\nd pi/il4 ,capsule--,a dry fruit compos$ ( m ?an "o c>pel & splitt+ op5 at maturity4 ,catk9--,an am5t or spike ( unisexual fl[]s4 ,*amb]$--,said ( ! pi? :5 int]rupt$ by holl[ spaces at r regul> int]vals4 ,ciliate--,fr+$ ) hairs on ! m>g94 ,collat]al--,accessory buds at ! sides ( auxili>y buds4 ,comp\nd--,compos$ ( two or m simil> p>ts unit$ 9 a :ole4 ,conical--,cone-%ap$4 ,conif]s--,a gr\p ( trees :i* usually produce _! fruit 9 ! =m ( a cone or modifi$ cone4 ,conif]\s--,cone-be>+4 ,corolla--,! petals ( a fl[] collectively4 ,cordate--,he>t-%ap$4 ,cr5ate--,r\nd$ tee?4 ,cr[n--,! upp] mass ( bran*es2 also kn[n z head4 ,cuneate--,w$ge-%ap$4 ,d ,decidu\s--,fall+ (f1 usually at ! close ( ! season4 ,defoliation--,removal ( foliage4 ,dehisc5t--,splitt+ op5 at maturity4 ,deliquesc5t--,said ( ! =m ( a tree ) a broad spread+ habit4 ,! bran*es sub-divide until !y app>5tly disappe>4 ,deltoid--,triangul> l ,greek symbol = delta4 ,d5tate--,too!d1 usually ) ! tee? direct$ outw>ds4 ,diffuse-por\s--,equal-por$4 ,said ( wood :5 pores 9 a gr[? r+ are equal 9 size4 ,dioeci\s--,unisexual1 ) ! /am9ate & pi/illate fl[]s on sep>ate plants4 ,dissem9at$--,scatt]$1 ?r[n1 broadca/4 ,div]g5t--,po9t+ away2 ext5d+ out4 ,said ( buds :i* po9t away f ! twigs4 ,d[ny--,cov]$ ) f9e hairs4 ,drupe--,a fle%y fruit ) a pit or /one l a *]ry4 ,e ,elliptical--,%ap$ l an ellipse ) slop+ ends4 ,elongat$--,long1 drawn out4 ,entire-m>g9$--,m>g9 smoo?1 n cut or too!d4 ,excurr5t--,said ( a tree ) a cont9u\s trunk & erect habit ( gr[?4 ,exfoliation--,splitt+ or cleav+ (f ( out] lay]s ( b>k4 ,exotic--,( =eign orig94 ,exudation--,ooz+ out ( sap1 res91 or o!r juice4 ,f ,fascicle--,a close bundle or clu/]4 ,fetid--,ill smell+4 ,fissures--,grooves1 furr[s1 or *annels z 9 ! b>k4 ,flut$--,groov$1 corrugat$1 *annel$4 ,follicle--,a dry fruit produc$ f a simple pi/il & dehisc+ along "o l9e ( suture4 ,fruit--,! rip5$ ov>y ( a fl[]4 ,g ,glabrate--,some:at glabr\s or becom+ glabrate4 ,glabr\s--,smoo?1 )\t hairs4 ,gl&ul>--,be>+ gl&s or gl&-l4 ,glauc\s--,cov]$ ) a blui% or :iti% waxy coat+2 a bloom4 ,globose--,ball-l or ne>ly s4 ,globul>--,ball-l4 ,h ,habitat--,site or place ( gr[?4 ,h>dwood--,a collective t]m = broad-leav$ trees1 ! wood ( :i* may or may n be d5se4 ,he>twood--,! physiologically dead1 c5tral1 usually d>k] color$ portion ( ! tree trunk4 ,hybrid--,a crossbre$ ( two species4 ,i ,increm5t--,gr[?2 increase4 ,incis$--,divid$ into lobes sep>at$ by n>r[ or acute s9uses :i* ext5d halfway or m to midrib4 ,indehisc5t--,appli$ to fruits t d n split op5 to dis*>ge ! se$s1 rema9+ clos$ at maturity4 ,indig5\s--,appli$ to plants t are native to a c]ta9 locality4 ,n introduc$4 ,intol]ant--,n %ade endur+4 ,requir+ sunlight4 ,involucre--,a clu/] ( bracts subt5d+ a fl[]4 ,l ,lam9a--,! blade or flatt5$ portion ( a leaf4 ,lanceolate--,%ap$ l a lance2 sev]al times long] ?an wide1 & gr[+ to a po9t4 ,lat]al--,situat$ on ! side1 z ! buds along ! side ( ! twig4 ,leaflets--,"o ( ! small blades or divisions ( a comp\nd leaf4 ,leaf-sc>--,! sc> left aft] a leaf falls4 ,l5ticel--,a corky gr[? on "y or sometimes old] b>k1 :i* admits air to ! int]ior ( ! twig or bran*4 ,l9e>--,l9e-l1 long & n>r[1 ) p>allel edges4 ,lob$--,said ( leaves t h ! m>g9s m or less cut or divid$4 ,m ,m$ull>y--,p]ta9+ to ! pi? or m$ulla4 ,m$ull>y ,ray--,radial l9es ( tissues cross+ ! gr[? ( r+s at "r angles & ext5d+ into ! b>k4 ,midrib--,! c5tral or ma9 rib or ve9 ( a leaf4 ,monoeci\s--,be>+ male & female fl[] p>ts 9 sep>ate fl[]s on ! same plant4 ,mucilag9\s--,slimy or gummy :5 t\*$ or *ew$4 ,multiple fruit--,a clu/] ( fruits ( sep>ate fl[]s cr[d$ toge!r & =m+ :at appe>s to be a s+le fruit4 ,examples3 mulb]ry1 /rawb]ry1 osage-orange fruits4 ,n ,nak$--,said ( buds )\t scales1 & se$s )\t a cov]+4 ,naval ,/ores--,ref]s to t>1 turp5t9e1 res91 etc4 ,node--,a place on a twig :]e "o or m leaves orig9ate4 ,nut--,a dry1 #a-se$$1 fruit ) a h>d indehisc5t cov]+ & encas$ p>tly or :olly 9 an involucre or husk4 ,nutlet--,a small nut4 ,o ,oblique--,slant+1 unev54 ,unev5 sid$4 ,oblong--,ab\t twice z long z wide1 ! sides ne>ly p>allel4 ,obovate--,rev]s$ egg-%ap$4 ,obtuse--,blunt ,opposite--,said ( leaves & buds1 directly across f ea* o!r4 ,orbicul>--,circul>4 ,oval--,r\nd$4 ,ovate--,egg-%ap$4 ,ovoid--,egg-%ap$ or ne>ly s4 ,p ,palmate--,radiately lob$ or divid$ f ! petiole2 h&-l z leaflets ( buckeye4 ,panicle--,a loose1 irregul>ly comp\nd fl[] clu/] ) fl[]s on p$icels4 ,p$icel--,! support or /em ( a s+le fl[] or fruit 9 a clu/]4 ,p$uncle--,a prim>y fl[] /alk support+ a clu/] ( fl[]s or a solit>y fl[]1 lat] ! fruit4 ,a fruit-/em4 ,p]5nial--,la/+ = m ?an "o ye>4 ,p]si/5t--,rema9+ aft] bloom+1 fruit+1 or matur+4 ,petiole--,! /alk ( a leaf4 ,p9nate--,fea!r-l ) leaflets on bo? sides ( ra*is or leaf /alk4 ,pi/il--,se$ be>+ organ ( fl[]4 ,may consi/ ( /igma1 /yle1 & ov>y4 ,pi?--,! s(t c5tral "p ( a twig or /em4 ,pod--,any dry1 "o *amb]$1 dehisc5t fruit4 ,poll5--,! du/-l sub/ance f ! an!rs ( a fl[]4 ,poll9ation--,! process ( br++ ! poll5 ( ! male fl[] 9 contact ) ! /igma ( ! female fl[]4 ,pome--,a fle%y fruit ) a core1 su* z ! apple or pe>4 ,por\s--,) op5 tubes 7?r\gh wood74 ,prickle--,a %>p-po9t$1 ne$le-l outgr[?4 ,pubesc5t--,) %ort1 s(t1 d[n-l hairs4 ,pung5t--,acrid or %>p to smell4 ,pyramidal--,%ap$ l a pyramid ) ! broade/ "p ne> ! base4 ,r ,ra*is--,! /alk support+ ! leaflets ( a comp\nd leaf4 ,res9-ducts--,a passage = ! conduction ( res9 f\nd 9 ! leaves & wood4 ,r+-por\s--,said ( wood :i* has pores ( unequal size1 ! l>g] ones be+ f\nd 9 ! spr+ wood & ! small] ones 9 ! summ] wood4 ,s ,sam>a--,an indehisc5t w+$ fruit su* z t ( maple4 ,sapwood--,! rec5tly =m$1 usually light color$ wood1 ly+ outside ( ! he>twood4 ,scabr\s--,r\gh1 ) /iff1 bri/ly hairs4 ,scales--,! small1 modifi$ leaves :i* protect ! gr[+-po9t ( a bud or ! "p ( a cone :i* be>s ! se$s4 ,! small flakes into :i* ! o!r b>k ( a tree divides4 ,scurfy--,cov]$ ) small bran-l scales4 ,s]rate--,hav+ %>p tee? on m>g94 ,sessile--,seat$2 )\t a /alk4 ,%ea?--,a tubul> envelope or cov]+ su* z surr\nd ! base ( p9e-ne$les4 ,silky--,cov]$ ) long1 s(t1 /raight1 f9e hairs4 ,simple--,consi/+ ( "o "p1 n comp\nd4 ,s9us--,! cleft or op5+ betwe5 two lobes4 ,s9uate--,wavy4 ,s(twood--,a g5]al t]m giv5 conif]s1 ! wood ( :i* may or may n be ( l[ d5sity4 ,/am5--,male organ ( fl[]4 ,consi/s ( a poll5-be>+ an!r on a filam5t4 ,/ipule--,a leaf-app5dage at ! base ( ! leaf-/alk4 ,/ipule-sc>--,! sc> left by ! fall ( ! /ipule4 ,/olon--,a runn] or basal bran* t may root4 ,/riate--,m>k$ ) f9e elongat$ ridges or l9es4 ,/riations--,long n>r[ l9es or ridges4 ,/robile--,a fruit m>k$ by ov]lapp+ scales z 9 ! p9e1 bir*es1 etc4 ,suck]--,a %oot aris+ f an und]gr\nd bud4 ,sup]pos$--,said ( buds :5 !y are arrang$ "o above ! o!r4 ,symmetrical--,regul> z to ! numb] ( p>ts4 ,hav+ ! same numb] ( p>ts 9 ea* circle4 ,t ,t]m9al--,locat$ at ! out] end4 ,?orn--,a /iff1 woody1 %>p-po9t$ projection z f\nd on locu/2 a sp9e4 ,tol]ant--,appli$ to trees :i* endure c]ta9 factors1 p>ticul>ly %ade4 ,tom5tose--,d5sely pubesc5t2 hairy4 ,cov]$ ) matt$-hairs4 ,tom5tum--,a d5se lay] ( woolly hairs4 ,truncate--,end+ abruptly1 z if cut (f at ! end4 ,tuft$--,gr[+ 9 clu/]s4 ,u ,unisexual--,consi/+ ( "o sex only1 ei!r /am9ate or pi/illate4 ,v ,valvate--,said ( buds 9 :i* ! scales m]ely meet )\t ov]lapp+4 ,fruit op5+ by valves4 ,ve9s--,?reads ( fibro-vascul> tissue 9 leaves or o!r organs4 ,w ,:orl--,a gr\p ( ?ree or m simil> organs1 z leaves or buds1 arrang$ ab\t ! same place ( atta*m5t4 ,:orl$--,borne 9 a :orl4 ,index ,a ,acacia b]l&i]i #abc ,acacia1 catclaw #he ,acacia f>nesiana1 sweet #abc ,acacia greggii #he ,ac] b>batum #abf ,ac] gr&id5tatum #abf ,ac] gr&id5tatum v>4 s9uosum #abf ,ac] negundo #ajj ,ac] rubrum #ii ,ac] sac*>9um #ih ,adelia1 common #aaf ,aesculus glabra #aja ,aesculus pavia #aja ,ailan?us altissima #abe ,ald]1 hazel1 speckl$ #abc ,alnus rugosa #abc ,anacahuita #abh ,anama #abh ,anaqua #abh ,apple1 h$ge #fi ,aralia sp9osa #ajd ,arbutus texana #abi ,arizona cypress #abb ,arr[-wood #abe ,a%1 ,b]l&i] #abh ,a%1 ,c>ol9a #aac ,a%1 gre5 #aae ,a%1 ,mexican #abh ,a%1 poison #ie ,a%1 prickly #ib1 #ajd ,a%1 ,texas #abh ,a%1 waf] #ic ,a%1 wat] #aac ,a%1 :ite #aad ,a% junip] #bf ,asim9a triloba #gb ,b ,baldcypress #be ,b>etta #abd ,basswood1 ,am]ican #ajc ,basswood1 ,c>ol9a #abf ,basswood1 ,florida #abf ,bayb]ry1 ,s\!rn #abc ,bead$ locu/ 7,sophora7 #abd ,be> b]ry #abd ,bee*1 ,am]ican #da ,bee*1 blue #ch ,bee*1 wat] #ch ,betula1 nigra #dj ,bir*1 riv] 7r$7 #dj ,bitt]nut hickory #cj ,blackhead1 ebony #hd ,blackgum #aje ,blackhaw1 ru/y #aba ,bois-d'arc #fi ,boxeld] #ajj ,buckeye1 ,ohio #aja ,buckeye1 r$ #aja ,buck?orn #abg ,buck?orn1 wooly #aji ,buffalob]ry #abi ,bumelia1 buck?orn1 gum1 ela/ic #aji ,bumelia lanug9osa #aji ,bumelia lanug9osa v>4 rigida #aji ,bumelia1 lycioides #aji ,bumelia1 ,texas #abg ,burn+ bu% 7,euonym\s7 #abe ,buttonbu%1 common #abj ,buttonwood 7sycamore7 #gg ,c ,capote #abg ,c>p9us c>ol9iana #ch ,c>ya aquatica #ca ,c>ya cordi=mis #cj ,c>ya ill9o5sis #bi ,c>ya ovata #cb ,c>ya texana #cd ,c>ya tom5tosa #cc ,ca/anea pumila #db ,catalpa1 nor!rn #aah ,catalpa1 speciosa #aah ,catalpa1 we/]n #aah ,c$>1 ea/]n r$ #bg ,c$>1 m\nta9 #bf ,celtis laevigata #fg ,celtis1 occid5talis #ff ,cephalan?us occid5talis #abj ,c]cis canad5sis #hh ,*]ry1 black #hb ,*]ry1 s\?we/]n black #hb ,*icle #abg ,*ilopsis l9e>is #aai ,*9ab]ry #abe ,*9a-tree1 wild #ajb ,*9kap91 ,allegh5y #db ,*ionan?us virg9icus #aag ,*ittamwood #abe ,coral bean #abd ,cordia boiss]i #abh ,corkwood #ce ,cornus florida #ajg ,cot9us obovatus #abf ,cottonwood1 ea/]n #cf ,crataegus #gh ,crataegus opaca #gi ,cupressus arizonica #abb ,cypress 7baldcypress7 #be ,d ,des]twill[ #aai ,devils-walk+/ick #ajd ,diospyros texana #abh ,diospyros virg9iana #aaj ,dogwood1 fl[]+ #ajg ,e ,ebony1 ,texas 7blackbead7 #hd ,ehretia anacua #abh ,ela/ic1 gum #aji ,elaeagnus angu/ifolia #abi ,elm1 ,am]ican #fa ,elm1 c$> #fc ,elm1 ,*9ese #abi ,elm1 r$ #fd ,elm1 ,sib]ian #abi ,elm1 slipp]y #fd ,elm1 wat] #fe ,elm1 :ite #fa ,elm1 w+$ #fb ,euonymus atropurpureus #abe ,euonymus bungeanus #abi ,f ,fagus gr&ifolia #da ,f>kleb]ry #ajh ,fir1 ,d\glas #bd ,=e/i]a acum9ata #aaf ,frax9us am]icana #aad ,frax9us b]l&i]iana #abh ,frax9us c>ol9iana #aac ,frax9us p5nsylvanica #aae ,frax9us tex5sis #abh ,fr+etree1 :ite #aag ,g ,gl$itsia aquatica #hi1 #ij ,gl$itsia texana #hi ,gl$itsia triacan?os #hi ,grancy-gray be>d #aag ,great leadtree #abd ,gregg leadtree #hf1 #abd ,guaiacum #abd ,guajillo #abc ,guayacan #abd ,gum1 black #aje ,gum1 cotton #ajf ,gum1 ela/ic #aji ,gum1 r$ #gf ,gum1 s\r #aje ,gum1 sweet #gf ,gum1 tupelo #ajf ,h ,hackb]ry #ff ,hackb]ry1 sug> #fg ,halesia dipt]a #aab ,hamamelis virg9iana #ge ,haw #gh ,haw1 ru/y black #aba ,haw?orn #gh ,haw?orn1 riv]flat #gi ,hazel1 ald] #abc ,helietta p>vifolia #abd ,h]cules-club #ib1 #ajd ,hickory1 bigbud #cc ,hickory1 bitt]nut #cj ,hickory1 black #cd ,hickory1 mock]nut #cc ,hickory1 pignut #cj ,hickory1 %agb>k #cb ,hickory1 wat] #ca ,hickory1 :ite #cc ,holly1 ,am]ican #if ,honeylocu/ #hi ,hophornbeam1 ea/]n #ci ,hoptree1 common #ic ,hornbeam1 ,am]ican #ch ,horse-sug> #aaa ,huckleb]ry1 tree #ajh ,i ,ilex decidua #ig ,ilex opaca #if ,ilex vomitoria #ig ,indian soap plant #ajb ,ironwood #ch1 #ci ,j ,judas tree #hh ,juglans1 microc>pa #bh ,juglans1 nigra #bh ,junip]1 alligator #abb ,junip]1 a%e #bf ,junip]1 droop+ #abb ,junip]1 ,mexican m\nta9 c$> #bf ,junip]1 "o se$ #abb ,junip]1 ,rocky ,m\nta9 #abb ,junip]1 weep+ #abb ,junip]us a%ei #bf ,junip]us deppeana #abb ,junip]us flaccida #abb ,junip]us monosp]ma #abb ,junip]us scopulorum #abb ,junip]us virg9iana #bg ,k ,knackaway #abh ,l ,laurel1 *]ry #hc ,laurel*]ry1 ,c>ol9a #hc ,leadtree1 ,gregg #hf ,leadtree1 ,mexicana1 great #abd ,leitn]ia floridana #ce ,leuca5a greggii #hf1 #abd ,leuca5a pulv]ul5ta #hf1 #abd ,leuca5a retusa #hf1 #abd ,l9d51 ,am]ican #ajc ,liquidamb> /yraciflua #gf ,locu/1 bead$ #abd ,locu/1 black #ia ,locu/1 honey #hi ,locu/1 p9k #abd ,locu/1 wat] #ij ,locu/1 yell[ #ia ,m ,maclura pomif]a #fi ,madrone1 ,texas #abi ,magnolia1 ev]gre5 #gj ,magnolia1 gr&iflora #gj ,magnolia1 ,s\!rn #gj ,magnolia1 sweetbay #ga ,magnolia1 virg9iana #ga ,maple1 ,florida #abf ,maple1 m\nta91 or sug> #abf ,maple1 r$ #ii ,maple1 silv] #ih ,maple1 s(t #ih1 #ii ,maple1 ,s\!rn sug> #abf ,maple1 ,uvalde bigtoo? #abf ,mayhaw #gi ,melia az$>a* #abe ,mesquite1 honey #hg ,mimosa #hf1 #abd ,morus alba #fh ,morus microphylla #fh ,morus rubra #fh ,mulb]ry1 r$ #fh ,mulb]ry1 ,texas #fh ,mulb]ry1 :ite #fh ,myrica c]if]a #abc ,myrtle1 sweet #abc ,myrtle1 wax #abc ,n ,necklace tree #abd ,nor!rn catalpa #aah ,nyssa aquatica #ajf ,nyssa sylvatica #aje ,o ,oak1 basket #ei ,oak1 black #de ,oak1 blackjack #dg ,oak1 bluejack #ej ,oak1 bur #eg ,oak1 *e/nut #ei ,oak1 *9kap91 *e/nut #fj ,oak1 c[ #ei ,oak1 ,dur& 7:ite7 #ed ,oak1 ,emory #ea ,oak1 ,graves #dd ,oak1 gray #ea ,oak1 live #eb ,oak1 ,mexican blue #ea ,oak1 ,mohrs #ec ,oak1 mossy-cup #eg ,oak1 ov]cup #eh ,oak1 p9 #dh1 #di ,oak1 po/ #ef ,oak1 r$ #df ,oak1 s&jack #ej ,oak1 %9 #ec ,oak1 ,%um>d #dc ,oak1 ,spani% #df ,oak1 ,s\!rn r$ #df ,oak1 spott$ #dc ,oak1 swamp *e/nut #ei ,oak1 swamp po/ oak #eh ,oak1 ,texas #dd ,oak1 wat] #dh1 #di ,oak1 wat] :ite #eh ,oak1 :ite #ee ,oak1 will[ #di ,old man's be>d1 #aag ,olive1 ,russian #abi ,olive1 ,texas wild #abh ,orange1 mock #hc ,osage-orange #fi ,o/rya virg9iana #ci ,p ,palmetto1 ,texas 7palm7 #abc ,pawpaw #gb ,pea*1 wild #hc ,pecan #bi ,p]sea borbonia #gc ,p]simmon1 black #abg ,p]simmon1 common #aaj ,p]simmon1 ,texas #abg ,p9e1 ,au/rian #abi ,p9e1 limb]1 ,rocky ,mtn4 :ite #ag ,p9e1 loblolly #bj ,p9e1 longleaf #bb ,p9e1 nut #ah ,p9e1 pond]osa1 we/]n yell[ #ai ,p9e1 %ortleaf1 yell[ #ba ,p9e1 sla% #bc ,p9e1 ,sond]egg] #bb ,p9us e*9ata #ba ,p9us edulis #ah ,p9us elliottii #bc ,p9us flexilis #ag ,p9us nigra #abi ,p9us palu/ris #bb ,p9us pond]osa #ai ,p9us ta$a #bj ,p9yon #ah ,pi/a*e1 ,texas #abe ,pi/acia texana #abe ,pi!cellobium flexicaule #hd ,plan] tree #fe ,plan]a aquatica #fe ,platanus occid5talis #gg ,plum1 flatwoods #ha ,plum1 ,mexican #hj ,popple1 asp5 #abc ,populus deltoidea #cf ,populus fremontii v>4 wisliz5ii #abc ,populus s>g5tii #cf ,populus tremuloides #abc ,porli]ia1 ,texas #abd ,possumhaw #ig ,prickly a% #ib ,privet1 swamp #aaf ,prosopsis juliflora #hg ,prunus c>ol9iana #hc ,prunus mexicana #hj ,prunus s]ot9a #hb ,prunus s]ot9a v>4 rufula #hb ,prunus umbellata #ha ,pseudotsuga m5ziesii #bd ,ptelea trifoliata #ic ,q ,qu]cus alba #ee ,qu]cus dur&ii #ed ,qu]cus emoryi #ea ,qu]cus falcata #df ,qu]cus gravesii #dd ,qu]cus grisea #ea ,qu]cus incana #ej ,qu]cus lyrata #eh ,qu]cus macroc>pa #eg ,qu]cus m>il&ica #dg ,qu]cus mi*auxii #ei ,qu]cus mohriana #ec ,qu]cus muhl5b]gii #fj ,qu]cus nigra #dh ,qu]cus oblongifolia #ea ,qu]cus phellos #di ,qu]cus %um>dii #d ,qu]cus %um>dii v>4 %um>dii #dc ,qu]cus %um>dii v>4 texana #dd ,qu]cus /ellata #ef ,qu]cus velut9a #de ,qu]cus virg9iana #eb ,r ,r$bay #gc ,r$bud1 ea/]n #hh ,r$c$>1 ea/]n #bg ,r$gum #gf ,rhus copall9a #id ,rob9ia pseudoacacia #ia ,ru/y blackhaw #aba ,s ,sabal m9or #abc ,sabal texana #abc ,salix nigra #cg ,sap9dus drummondii #ajb ,sassafras #gd ,sassafras albidum #gd ,%eph]dia arg5tea #abi ,sib]ian elm #abi ,silv]bell1 two-w+ #aab ,sloe1 black #ha ,smoketree1 ,am]ican #abe ,sn[drop tree #aab ,soapb]ry1 we/]n #ajb ,soapbu% #abd ,soap plant1 ,indian #ajb ,sophora aff9is #abd ,sp>kleb]ry tree #ajh ,sug>b]ry #fg ,sumac1 %9+1 dw>f1 flameleaf #id ,sumac1 poison #ie ,swampbay #ga ,sweetbay magnolia #ga ,sweetgum #gf ,sweetleaf1 common #aaa ,sycamore1 ,am]ican #gg ,symplocos t9ctoria #aaa ,t ,tam>isk #abg ,tam>ix araiculata #abg ,tam>ix gallica #abg ,tam>ix p5t&ra #abg ,taxodium di/i*um #be ,tepehuaje #abd ,texas sophora #abd ,texas wild olive #abh ,tilia am]icana #ajc ,tilia c>ol9iana #abf ,tilia floridana #abf ,t+le-tongue #ib ,too?a*e tree #ib ,toxicod5dron v]nix #ie ,tree-huckleb]ry #ajh ,tree ( heav5 #abe ,tree ,sp>kleb]ry 7,f>kleb]ry7 #ajh ,tupelo1 black #aje ,tupelo1 swamp #aje ,tupelo1 wat] #ajf ,u ,ulmus alata #fb ,ulmus am]icana #fa ,ulmus crassifolia #fc ,ulmus pumila #abi ,ulmus rubra #fd ,una de ,gato #he ,v ,vacc9ium arboreum #ajh ,viburnum rufidulum #aba ,w ,waf]-a% #ic ,wahoo1 ea/]n #abe ,walnut1 black #bh ,walnut1 little #bh ,walnut1 ,texas #bh ,wat]locu/ #ij ,wild *9a-tree #ajb ,wild olive1 ,texas #abh ,wild pea* #hc ,will[1 black #cg ,will[1 des]t #aai ,w9t]b]ry #ig ,w9t]b]ry euonymus #abi ,wit*-hazel #ge ,y ,y>a #abh ,yaupon #ig ,z ,zan?oxylum clava-h]culis #ib ,illu/ration3 ,,tree ,,plant+ ,,regions ,,( ,,texas ,,p>tial ,,li/ ,,( ,,trees ,,recomm5d$ ,,= ,,%ade ,,& ,,w9dbreaks ,ea/ ,texas ,am]ican elm arborvitae ,arizona cypress basswood black locu/ black walnut bur oak catalpa ,*9ese tall[ gre5 a% hackb]ry holly live oak loblolly p9e longleaf p9e magnolia pecan r$ oak %ortleaf p9e silv] maple sla% p9e sweetgum sycamore wat] oak :ite a% will[ oak ,coa/al ,prairie ,am]ican elm arborvitae ,arizona a% ,arizona cypress a!l ,c>ol9a popl> ,*9ese tall[ ,gulf ,coa/ c$> hackb]ry holly ,italian cypress live oak loblolly p9e pecan swamp a% sweetgum sycamore ,c5tral ,texas ,arizona cypress ,am]ican elm ,texas walnut c$> elm ,*9ese arborvitae ,*9ese elm ea/]n r$c$> gre5 a% hackb]ry live oak pecan sycamore ?ornless honeylocu/ ,s\? ,texas anaqua ,arizona cypress a!l ,au/ralian p9e ,c>ol9a popl> ,*9ese arborvitae ,*9ese tall[ eucalyptus fan palm ,gulf ,coa/ c$> gum ela/ic hackb]ry ,italian cypress ,japanese v>ni% tree live oak ornam5tal date palm pecan pi/acia ,rio ,gr&e a% sycamore ,we/ ,texas ,arizona a% ,arizona cypress asp5 popple ,au/rian p9e ,*9ese arborvitae ,*9ese elm gre5 a% hackb]ry live oak m\nta9 cottonwood pi/acia r$c$> ,rocky m\nta9 junip] ,russian mulb]ry ,russian olive silv] popl> ,spani% oak ?ornless honeylocu/ we/]n yell[ p9e ,panh&le ,am]ican elm apricot ,arizona cypress ,au/rian p9e black locu/ ,c>ol9a popl> ,*9ese arborvitae ,*9ese maple ,*9ese elm ,colorado blue spruce gre5 a% hackb]ry loblolly p9e pi/acia r$c$> r$ mulb]ry ,russian mulb]ry ,russian olive s& plum %ortleaf p9e ,sib]ian elm silv] popl> sycamore ?ornless honeylocu/ we/]n yell[ p9e ,,code ,,( ,,behavior ,,) ,,outdoor ,,firebr&s #a4 ,burn h\sehold tra% only 9 a metal or c9d] block conta9] on an area cle>$ to b>e soil4 #b4 ,burn fields & bru% piles only 9 ! late aft]noon :5 ! w9d is l[ & aft] a #e-;foot fire-break has be5 pl[$ ar\nd ! field4 #c4 ,break mat*es & cru% smokes be=e disc>d+4 #d4 ,use c> a% tray = smokes & us$ mat*es :5 travel+ 9 a vehicle4 ,don't pit* !m out ! w9d[4 #e4 ,cle> ! area ar\nd a w>m+ or camp fire be=e light+ x4 #f4 ,ext+ui% all w>m+ & camp fires :5 y leave4 ,be sure all fires are ,dead ,out4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,correct$ a few palpable typos4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4 --,includ$ a transcription ( ! text )9 "s images4 --,add$ a caption 8,fl[] ,clu/]s0 to an uncaption$ illu/ration on p4 #ae4 --,! ,,html v]sion conta9s relative hyp]l9ks to ! ,manual ( ! ,trees ( ,nor? ,am]ica 7,gut5b]g e,book #dfdej71 s t (fl9e copies c be int]l9k$4