,transcrib]'s ,notes    ,! ,table (     
,cont5ts 0 add$ by ! ,transcrib]4    ,! 
maps j bel[ mo/ *apt] head+s orig9ally 7
 on ! pages  be=e ^? head+s1 b 7 mov$ by
 ! ,transcrib]4      ,,cont5ts          
,lett] ,i                  #i    ,lett] 
,,ii                #ai    ,lett] ,,iii 
#be    ,lett] ,,iv                #ca   
,lett] ,v                 #dc    ,lett] 
,,vi                #ec    ,lett] ,,vii 
#ei    ,lett] ,,viii              #fc   
,lett] ,,ix                #gc    ,lett]
 ,x                 #gg    ,lett] ,,xi  
#ha    ,lett] ,,xii               #hi   
,a ,,g5]al',s ,,lett]s ,,to ,,8    ,,son
 ,,on ,,m9or ,,tactics            ,a    
,,g5]al',s ,,lett]s    ,,to ,,8 ,,son   
,,on    ,,m9or ,,tactics                
,illu/ration      ,,new ,,york          
,,george ,h4 ,,doran ,,company          
,copyright1 #aiah    ,by ,george ,h4    
,doran ,company        ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates ( ,am]ica          ,,preface    
,x has v =cibly be5 br\ght home to me t 
n only "y  (fic]s jo9+ _! units f tra9+ 

e/abli%m5ts1 b also  ^? :o h be5 9      
,france & h come back w\nd$1 are (t5  v 
ignorant on ^? po9ts 9 m9or tactics :i* 
!y h n  le>nt ?r\gh actual exp]i5ce on !
 battlefield1 & t ?is is  especially !  
case ) reg>d to ! prop] control ( fire4 
,!  battlefield is an exp5sive place to 
acquire k :i* c be  ga9$ else:]e1 & x   
behooves u to d all we possibly c to    
tra9  our "y comm&]s "u peace conditions
 = ! ordeals !y w  h to enc\nt] 9 !     
pres5ce ( ! enemy4    ,tra9+ :i* 9      
ord9>y times w\ld =m ! c\rse ( /udy =   
ye>s n[ has to be cramm$ into a few     
mon?s1 & x /&s to reason  t mu* :i* is  
ess5tial rema9s unle>nt4    ,i h g5]ally
 f\nd t ! be/ way to tra9 "y (fic]s 9   
m9or tactics is by giv+ !m z            
reali/ically z possible little  problems
 to solve1 & aft]w>ds 9 ! pres5ce ( _!  
comrades to  discuss _! propos$         
dispositions & !n to tell !m cle>ly :at 
!y ought to h done1 giv+ reasons = e /ep
 tak54    ,:]e x is possible actually to
 c>ry out ! ex]cise ) troops1  ?is is   

/ill bett]1 s long z x is all done      
quickly1 z ?is  impresses ! lesson to be
 le>nt m /rongly on ! m9ds ( !  /ud5ts4 
,_m m5 :o are 9 o!r ways excell5t       
in/ructors h n !  facility = con/ruct+  
problems ) a po9t1 & ?is be+  ! case1 x 
has occurr$ to me t ,i may be g5]ally   
help+ !  tra9+ ( "y (fic]s by publi%+ ^!
 lett]s :i* are  writt5 9 cont9uation ( 
^? ,i address$ to my son on obta9+  8   
commission4 ,! importance ( ! subject ) 
:i* !y deal is  self-evid5t4 ,unless !  
arr[-head1 ! platoon1 be %>p1 t is1     
unless ! lead] be skilful z well z      
brave1 ! little combat w  n be won1 & x 
is ! sum ( ! little combats :i* spells !
  result ( ! battle4    ,!re is n a ^w 9
 ?is little book :i* transgresses ! _s  
( ! tra9+ manuals & (ficial in/ructions 
n[ 9 =ce4                8,x4 ,y4 ,z40  
,a ,,g5]al',s ,,lett]s    ,,to ,,8 ,,son
    ,,on ,,m9or ,,tactics               
,,lett] ,i                  ,decemb] #a1
 #aiag4    ,,my ,,de> ,,dick1--    ,x is
 n[ ne>ly n9e mon?s s9ce ,i wrote ! la/ 

( my lett]s (  advice to y1 & s9ce !n y 
h y\rself be5 9 ,france & h  _h _m      
exp]i5ces & hairbread? escapes4    ,i am
 v ?ankful t y\r w\nd is only a slight  
"o1 & am glad  t )9 a c\ple ( mon?s y w 
probably once m be able to  take y\r    
place 9 ! fight+-l9e1 = t is :]e y\r    
c\ntry  dem&s y\r pres5ce4 ,x behoves y1
 9 ! meantime1 to seize e  opportunity (
 /udy+ y\r pr(ession & famili>is+       
y\rself  z f> z possible ) ! diff]5t    
positions 9 :i* y may be  plac$1 s t :5 
y meet a simil> situation 9 ! field y   
may  recognise x = :at x really is1 9   
spite ( ! surr\nd+s 9  :i* x is dress$1 
& may ?us be m likely to solve x prop]ly
  ?an w\ld be ! case if y 7 deal+ ) a   
problem :i* y  _h nev] ?\ght ov] be=e4  
,x w\ld be difficult to exagg]ate !     
importance ( ! results :i* may dep5d on 
y\r correctly answ]+  ! que/ions put to 
y on ! field ( battle4 ,^! que/ions     
become  m complex & m v>i$ z !          
responsibility ( an (fic]'s  position   
increases1 b 9 ! case ( a junior (fic]  

!y are seldom  v difficult1 & all t is  
requir$ to deal ) !m prop]ly  is a      
little common s5se & a cool head comb9$ 
) c\rage &  det]m9ation4    ,x is on !  
result ( ! _m little fights ( :i* an    
action is  compos$ t ! result ( a battle
 dep5ds4 ,! brilliant /rategy  ( a      
comm&]-9-*ief & ! f9e tactics ( a       
divisional comm&]  _c be> fruit unless !
 troop-lead+ ( ! companies is well      
c>ri$ out1 & 9 ! same way good          
troop-lead+ w prev5t  a defeat be+ turn$
 into a r\t4 ,individual gallantry1     
valuable  z x may be1 is b\nd to be ?r[n
 away if unaccompani$ by skill4  ,!     
exp]i5ces y h und]gone %\ld r5d] y m    
capable (  assimilat+ ! requisite k ?an 
y 7 n9e mon?s ago4    ,be=e ,i proce$   
fur!r1 ,i w m5tion a few axioms :i* c   
seldom  be neglect$ )\t bad results     
accru+4 ,"s ( ^! seem s  self-evid5t t x
 w\ld appe> to be unnecess>y to /ate !m1
  nev]!less !y are all ( !m cont9ually  
transgress$4    #a4 ,impress on y\r m5 !
 importance ( adju/+ _! sights          

correctly4 ,on a peace field-day ?is    
axiom is sometimes neglect$1 &  9 !     
excitem5t ( action x is (t5 entirely    
=gott54    #b4 ,keep y\r m5 toge!r      
unless !re is "s v def9ite object  = n  
do+ s1 & only deta* !m = protective     
s]vices1 i4e4  advance gu>ds1 etc4      
#c4 ,infantry m\nt$ (fic]s are apt to   
=get t _! horses are  giv5 to !m 9 ord] 
to give !m m mobility4 ,!re are _m      
occasions on :i*1 by cant]+ on & mak+   
arrangem5ts previ\s to  ! arrival ( !   
unit :i* !y comm&1 !y c save a great    
deal  ( valuable "t & (t5 mu* m>*+ &    
c\nt]-m>*+4    #d4 ,nev] all[ ! pace 9  
front to be hurri$ on a m>*4 ,x is mu*  
easi] to m>* at ! head ?an at ! re> ( a 
column4    #e4 ,be=e op5+ fire1 c>efully
 consid] ! situation4 ,if y feel  c]ta9 
( be+ able to deal ) ! enemy1 let him   
approa* close  be=e disclos+ y\rself1 & 
!n de/roy him4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1  he is
 s mu* sup]ior to y t y _c hope to be   
able to d  ?is1 y %\ld op5 at a long    
range1 b 9 ^! circum/ances d  n hurry ! 

rate ( fire to beg9 )4 ,x takes an      
exceptional man  to fire m ?an #bjj     
r\nds 9 a %ort space ( "t )\t be+  %ak54
    #f4 ,x is a s\nd rule always to     
pursue ! l9e ( action :i*  y\r oppon5t  
does n wi% y to pursue4 ,if1 = in/ance1 
9 !  circum/ances m5tion$ 9 ! above     
p>agraph ! enemy op5 fire on  y at a    
long range1 y may presume t he does s 9 
ord] to keep  y at arm's l5g?1 & if y   
halt y are probably do+ :at he  wi%es y 
to d4    #g4 ,h[ev] small y\r p>ty may  
be :5 act+ indep5d5tly1 x is            
responsible = its own protection1 & x   
%\ld always h an  advance gu>d or its   
equival5t4    #h4 ,:5ev] y h an         
opportunity ( do+ s1 & ! tactical       
situation all[s ( x1 *eck y\r ranges by 
fir+ at an auxili>y  m>k :]e y c see !  
spla% ( y\r bullet1 su* z a du/y road   
or wat]4    #i4 ,:5 y h asc]ta9$ !      
correct di/ances ( ! object1 make  a    
range-c>d & pass on y\r in=mation to    
neighb\r+ troops4    #aj4 ,if y see a   
good opportunity ( inflict+ loss on !   

enemy1 b  x is impracticable to *eck !  
range1 use comb9$ sights4    #aa4       
,rememb] t if ! t>get y are %oot+ at is 
l>ge en\gh  & y "k ! range1 y c inflict 
heavy losses ) rifle &  ma*9e-gun fire  
at ranges well ov] #b1jjj y>ds4    #ab4 
,d n =get to make use ( ! map :5 e/imat+
 a range4    #ac4 ,al?\gh ! secret (    
success 9 an engagem5t is ! prop]       
co-op]ation ( ! diff]5t arms ( ! s]vice1
 ! platoon  comm&] mu/ n cry out =      
artill]y assi/ance :5 he has !  means ( 
c>ry+ out 8 task 9 8 own platoon1 :i*1 )
 its  riflem51 its ,lewis gunn]s1 its   
bomb]s1 & its rifle bomb]s1  is1 9      
itself1 a m9iature division4 ,9 an      
action :]e telephonic  communication has
 brok5 d[n ?is rule applies ) special   
=ce4    #ad4 ,above all ?+s1 impress on 
y\r m5 ! enorm\s p[] ( _!  rifle4 ,i h  
he>d _m /ories ( m5 n fir+ at all       
because !y  hop$ ! enemy w\ld come )9   
bomb+ range4 ,i h also he>d (  bodies ( 
,g]man troops /ream+ across ! op5 unfir$
 at because no  ord] 0 giv54 ,i h also  

he>d ( ma*9e guns /opp+ a ,g]man        
advance1 :il/ infantry :o 7 ly+ d[n     
beside !m did n fire a  %ot4    #ae4    
,rifle gr5ades & bombs bo? h _! prop]   
uses1 & 9  tr5* fight+ x w\ld be        
difficult to get on )\t !m4 ,!  =m] are 
also excell5t = giv+ cov]+ fire :il/ a  
po/ is  be+ ru%$2 b if ! infantryman's  
wor? be #ajj1 ( ?is #ajj1 #he  p] c5t4  
belongs to 8 rifle & bayonet1 #aj p]    
c5t4 to 8 rifle  gr5ade1 & #e p] c5t4 at
 ! outside to 8 bomb4    #af4 ,nev] miss
 an opportunity to reorganise y\r       
company or platoon1 z  ! case may be1   
ready = ! next em]g5cy4    #ag4 ,aft]   
captur+ a tr5* or "w1 get y\r ,lewis    
guns into position  )\t any delay4 ,f a 
small front !y c br+ a great fire to    
be>1 & !y mu/ be giv5 ! be/ position4   
,"u ! protection  giv5 by !m1 ! rema9d] 
( y\r comm& mu/ consolidate4    7,=     
consolidation1 see note to ,s*eme #g47  
#ah4 ,y\r duty t[>ds ! enemy is y\r duty
 t[>ds y\r neighb\r  rev]s$4 ,?9k h[ he 
c\ld make himself mo/ objectionable to y

 &  act 9 ?is mann] t[>ds him4    #ai4  
,always be c]ta9 t y und]/& y\r ord]s1 &
 if y  are 9 d\bt nev] hesitate to ask &
 make c]ta91 ev5 %\ld y\r  comm&+ (fic] 
h a %ort temp]4    #bj4 ,if y are deta*$
 = any specific purpose y %\ld always   
rejo9 y\r unit :5 y h accompli%$ :at y 7
 told to d4    #ba4 ,d n fail to give   
negative in=mation4 ,"y (fic]s are v    
apt to neglect ?is4 ,x may be ( great   
importance to a comm&+  (fic] to "k t a 
c]ta9 place is n held by ! enemy1 & ?is 
is j ! k9d ( in=mation t 8 patrol lead]s
 are apt to  =get to s5d him4    #bb4   
,always insi/ on any v]bal ord] y may   
give be+ repeat$ to  y by ! recipi5t    
be=e he leaves y\r pres5ce4    #bc4 ,9 a
 retirem5t y s5d m5 to ! re> ) ord]s to 
take up  ano!r position to protect y\r  
retirem5t2 always see t !y are          
accompani$ by a compet5t lead]1 or :5 ! 
la/ p>ty falls back  !y w v likely f9d t
 _! retirem5t is unsupport$4    ,try to 
rememb] ^! axioms4 ,my subsequ5t lett]s 
w be f\nd$ on  _! application4          

,y\r affectionate fa!r1                 
8,x4 ,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,,ii     
,illu/ration3      ,w ,x ,y are ,pill   
,boxes    ,w  ,y h be5 captur$ by u     
,x /ill holds out                       
,decemb] #g1 #aiag4    ,,my ,,de>       
,,dick1--    ,i w n[ proce$ to set y a  
few problems 9 illu/ration ( !  axioms  
:i* ,i gave y at ! end ( my la/ lett]4  
,! fir/ w be on ! subject ( tak+ a      
,g]man pill-box1 = ,i  h he>d ( _m      
in/ances ( a pill-box hold+ up ! advance
 (  a :ole brigade = a v consid]able    
p]iod4 ,i h also he>d h[  _m gallant b  
badly devis$ attempts to c>ry x h fail$1
 &  ! lives ( (fic]s & m5 h be5         
sacrific$ 9 va91 & h[  ev5tually a bett]
 comm&$ platoon has succe$$ 9 tak+ x )  
v little loss4      ,,problem #a    ,w1 
,x1 & ,y are ?ree pill-boxes ab\t #aej  
y>ds ap>t4 ,we are  attack+ 9 !         
direction ( ! arr[s1 t is1 9 a nor!rly  
direction4    ,our m5 foll[+ close beh9d
 ! b>rage took pill-boxes ,w & ,y2  b1  
p>tly ow+ to ! con=mation ( ! gr\nd &   

p>tly =  o!r reasons1 we fail$ to take  
,x1 & ?is pill-box is n[ hold+  up !    
:ole ( our advance betwe5 ,w1 wood1 &   
,y1 knoll1 ) a  ma*9e gun1 :i* is be+   
fir$ f ! inside ( ! pill-box1 &  :i*    
sweeps ! :ole gr\nd betwe5 ^! po9ts s   
effectively t  directly we attempt to   
advance our m5 are m[n d[n4    ,x is    
app>5t t ,x has only "o ma*9e gun 9     
action1 ?\gh ?is  is a v effici5t "o4   
,f ! cont\rs on ! sket*1 x is evid5t t !
 gr\nd is  convex 9 =mation1 t is1 t x  
is ne>ly flat betwe5 ,x &  ,h1 b t x    
slopes rapidly betwe5 ,h & ,h1 betwe5 ,b
 &  ,b1 & betwe5 ,c & ,c4    ,! slopes  
are cov]$ ) bru%wood4 ,! gr\nd betwe5   
cont\r #abj  & ! pill-box is mead[ l&4  
,! platoon orig9ally told (f to attack  
,x 0 wip$ out4      ,problem4    ,y h   
be5 ord]$ to take ,x ) y\r platoon & to 
d s z  quickly z possible4 ,:5 y receive
 ^! ord]s y are y\rself at  ,h1 &1 z y w
 see f ! sket*1 are n "u fire f ,x4     
,:at /eps w y take to c>ry out y\r      
ord]s8    ,d n ent] into an elaborate   

diss]tation1 b give %ort1 concise       
ord]s1 & if y desire to d s1 app5d a    
%ort /atem5t say+ :y  y gave ^! ord]s4  
,action consid]$ ,correct4    ,z !re is 
only "o ma*9e gun 9 action1 if ,x be    
attack$  simultane\sly f ,b & ,c1 ei!r  
"o p>ty or ! o!r %\ld  succe$ 9 gett+ to
 ! re> ( ! pill-box & bl[+ 9 ! door4    
,ord]s4    ,no4 #d ,section ) ! ,lewis  
gun w *oose a position some:]e to  !    
nor? ( ,h1 & on my signal w op5 a rapid 
fire on !  loopholes ( ! pill-box at ,x4
 ,no4 #c ,section w *oose a position    
ne> ,b1 & :5 ! ,lewis gun op5s fire1 !y 
w op5 a rapid  rifle-gr5ade fire on ,x4 
,"o m9ute aft] ! ,lewis gun has op5$1   
,no4 #a ,section w ru% 9 f ,c & ,no4 #b 
,section f ,b4           99       99    
99       99       99    ,i am aw>e t 9 !
 =ego+ problem ,i h made ! task ( !     
platoon comm&] a v simple "o4 ,i wi%$1  
h[ev]1 to avoid any  po9ts ( controv]sy4
 ,if ! gr\nd %\ld n be s advantage\s  = 
y\r attack z t above depict$1 !         
pr9ciple1 viz4 movem5t  comb9$ ) fire1  

/ill rema9s ! same4 ,y %\ld br+ a       
conv]g+ attack to be> & advance y\r m5  
"u cov] ( ! fire  ( y\r rifle gr5ades & 
,lewis guns1 & by pu%+ m5 =w>d f  "o    
%ell-crat] to ano!r1 y %\ld g5]ally be  
able to a*ieve  y\r object if y\r plan  
be evolv$ on s\nd pr9ciples4 ,x is also 
possible t smoke bombs c\ld be us$ )    
advantage if ! w9d be  fav\rable4    ,! 
above problem is "o :i* has (t5 be5 put 
to "y (fic]s  on ! battlefield1 & !y h n
 by any means always giv5 a             
satisfactory answ] to x1 simple z x is4 
,y\r affectionate fa!r1                 
8,x4 ,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,,iii    
,illu/ration                ,decemb]    
#ae1 #aiag4    ,,my ,,de> ,,dick1--     
,s9ce ! e>ly days ( ! campaign !re has  
be5 b little fight+  9 t[ns or villages 
:i* h n previ\sly be5 s knock$ ab\t  t  
!y c\ld bett] be designat$ ru9s ?an     
habitable places1 b  9 ! ev5t ( an      
advance on a l>ge scale t[ns & villages 
are  c]ta9 to be ! sc5es ( sev]e        
combats4 ,i w !re=e give y  ?ree little 

problems 9 /reet-fight+4 ,:5 y h read   
!m1 !  po9ts ,i call att5tion to w      
probably seem to y s self-evid5t  t y w 
wond] t ,i h consid]$ x wor? :ile to    
comm5t  on !m4 ,nev]!less1 ,i am n q    
sure t y w give :at ,i  consid] to be ! 
correct answ]s to all ( !m1 if y d n    
turn  ov] ! page & look at ! solutions  
,i h giv51 be=e /at+  y\r own4          
,,problem #b    ,! brigade to :i* y     
belong has ent]$ a t[n f a s\!rly       
direction1 & y are oppos$ by an enemy :o
 has ent]$ x f a  nor!rly direction4    
,! company ( :i* y are 9 comm& has be5  
allott$ ! gr\nd  betwe5 ! roads ,b ,f1  
,c ,g1 bo? inclusive1 y\r flanks are    
protect$1 ! /reets are ab\t ?irty feet  
broad ) pavem5ts five  feet broad1 h\ses
 run all along ! /reets4      ,answ] !  
foll[+ ,que/ions4    7a7 ,if y 7 to tell
 (f a section to prev5t ! enemy advanc+ 
along ! /reet ,b ,f f a nor!rly         
direction1 :i* side ( !  /reet w\ld x be
 be/ = !m to occupy1 & :y8    7b7 ,y\r  
m5 occupy ! /reets ,b ,d & ,d ,c1 b no  

man c %[  8 face 9 ! /reet ,a ,h1 :i* is
 cov]$ by ma*9e guns &  snip]s fir+ f   
ne> ,a1 & all m5 attempt+ to cross !    
road  at ,d h be5 %ot4 ,sev]al h\ses 9 !
 /reet ,b ,d h be5  knock$ d[n by %ell  
fire4    ,9 ?is /reet !re are six empty 
wagons & 9 ! h\ses 9 !  /reet !re is to 
be f\nd furniture ( all descriptions1 z 
well z  ropes1 h>ness1 & /ables1 ) "s   
horses 9 !m4 ,y are anxi\s  to place a  
b>ricade across ! /reet ,a ,h at ,d1 s z
 to enable  y to use ! cross+ at ,d4 ,h[
 %\ld y set ab\t mak+ ?is  b>ricade8    
7c7 ,!re is a h\se at ,h look+ "r d[n ! 
/reet ,a ,h4  ,:]eab\ts 9 ?is h\se %\ld 
y put y\r ,lewis gun1 & :y8             
,solutions4    7a7 ,on ! we/]n side1    
because y\r m51 %oot+ out ( !  w9d[s 9 a
 nor!rly direction1 w\ld !n fire f _! "r
  %\ld]s )\t expos+ _! bodies4    7b7   
,fill ! wagons ) rubble f ! h\ses :i* h 
be5  knock$ d[n4 ,fa/5 sack+ or %eets on
 to ! wagon1 s z to give  cov] f view   
betwe5 ! body ( ! wagon & ! gr\nd4 ,?r[ 
a  /r+ atta*$ to a brick across ! /reet4

 ,by means ( ?is1 pull  ov] a rope &    
atta* ! wagons to ?is rope1 & ?us pull  
!m into  ! position y require4    7c7   
,at ! back ( a room 9 ! h\se1 :]e y c   
see b _c  be se51 fir+ ?r\gh ! w9d[4 ,if
 y *oose a w9d[ ne> ! top  ( ! h\se &   
put ! ,lewis gun on a table "s di/ance  
back 9 !  room1 y w probably be able to 
fire ov] ! b>ricade :i* y  are ?9k+ (   
con/ruct+ at ,d4    ,i h put y ?ree     
def9ite & v simple que/ions ) reg>d to  
/reet-fight+1 = x may (t5 happ5 t       
correct action on !  spur ( ! mom5t :5 a
 village is fir/ ent]$ may result 9     
gr\nd  be+ easily ga9$ :i* w\ld o!rwise 
entail heavy fight+ &  s]i\s loss to    
capture4    ,/reet-fight+ is a v big    
subject1 & z a rule x gradually         
develops into und]gr\nd w>f>e4          
,villages ent]$ dur+ a battle (t5 h     
snip]s 9 ! top /ories  or on ! ro(s ( ! 
h\ses1 & ^! are places 9 :i* y  may also
 place a few good %ots ) great          
advantage4 ,?is is an  illu/ration ( !  
advisability ( do+ to ! enemy :at y d n 

l 8 do+ to y4    ,i w s5d y ano!r       
problem next week4            ,y\r      
affectionate fa!r1                      
8,x4 ,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,,iv     
,illu/ration                ,decemb]    
#bb1 #aiag4    ,,my ,,de> ,,dick1--     
,y h told me t y h once or twice        
tempor>ily comm&$ a  company & h ask$ me
 :e!r ,i ?9k !re is any advantage 9 a   
"y & active company comm&] be+ m\nt$4   
,9 ano!r "p ( y\r lett] y ask :e!r ,i   
?9k a def5sive  position %\ld be tak5 up
 on a =w>d or on a rev]se slope4    ,?is
 latt] is a v big "q & "o on :i* _m     
pages c\ld  be writt51 b ,i %all conf9e 
myself "h to say+ t x is  imp]ative to  
hold ! cre/ l9e 9 ord] to get           
obs]vation1 b  t1 ow+ to ! cre/ l9e &   
=w>d slope be+ s mu* m  vuln]able by    
artill]y fire ?an is ! rev]se slope1 !re
 are _m  advantages 9 con/ruct+ ! ma9   
l9e ( def5ce well beh9d !  cre/4    ,i  
f9d n[ t ,i h tri$ 9 a few words to     
answ] y\r second  "q be=e deal+ ) ! fir/
 "o4 ,! object ( giv+ y  a horse is1    

fir/ly1 to enable y to move ab\t m      
rapidly1 &  consequ5tly to d y\r duty   
bett]2 & secondly1 because a company    
comm&]'s "w really beg9s :5 ! m>* is    
ov]4 ,x is inf9itely  m important t he  
%\ld be fre% ?an t any o!r man 9  !     
company %\ld be s4 ,aga91 by rid+ on 9  
front & mak+  prop] arrangem5ts =       
biv\acs or billets1 he may save we>y m5 
mu* m>*+ & c\nt]-m>*+1 &1 :at is ev5 m  
important1  he w on o!r occasions1 by   
be+ able to pu% on 9 front1 save  half  
an h\r by ?9k+ out prop] tactical       
dispositions be=e  8 m5 arrive4 ,i w n[ 
give y a little problem :i* w1 ,i  ?9k1 
illu/rate ! two que/ions :i* y h ask$   
me4 ,y mu/1  nev]!less1 rememb] t !re c 
be no h>d-&-fa/ rule z to  :]e a        
position %\ld be tak5 up4 ,we _c alt] ! 
gr\nd to suit  our =mation1 & !re=e our 
=mations mu/ be made to suit !  gr\nd4  
,! prop] way to hold gr\nd :5 ! object  
is to fight a  re>gu>d action is q      
diff]5t f ! way x %\ld be held to  fight
 a battle  l'outrance1 & all ,i w commit

 myself to do+ is  to give my advice z  
to h[ a c]ta9 piece ( gr\nd %\ld be held
 9  c]ta9 giv5 circum/ances4 ,i hope t !
 foll[+ problem w1 to  a c]ta9 ext5t1   
answ] bo? y\r que/ions4      ,,problem  
#c    ,an advance gu>d1 ( :i* ! company 
y comm& =ms "p1 has be5  pu%$ =w>d to   
seize a position ( :i* ! ridge ,b-,i =ms
 a  "p4 ,! ma9 body %\ld rea* ! position
 "s eight h\rs aft]  y\r arrival !re4 ,y
 h be5 told t y\r fir/ object is to     
prev5t ! enemy's cavalry seiz+ !        
position4 ,! enemy's cavalry1           
accompani$ by horse artill]y1 may be    
expect$ 9 ! proximity ( !  position )9  
an h\r or s aft] y\r arrival1 b x is    
unlikely  t 8 infantry & field artill]y 
w arrive mu* be=e y\r  own ma9 body4 ,! 
"t ( ! ye> is ,july1 ! h\r is #d p4m4 ,!
  soil is s&y1 b cov]$ ) grass4 ,y are  
rid+ at ! head  ( y\r company1 & are    
ab\t two miles f ! cre/ :5 a /aff  (fic]
 accompani$ by ! adjutant rides up to y 
& y receive !  foll[+ in/ructions3      
8,our cavalry h rea*$ ! cre/ ( ! ridge  

,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i  )\t enc\nt]+   
opposition4 ,y w be responsible = !     
front  f ,e to ,i1 bo? inclusive1 until 
! ma9 body arrives1 & mu/  make imm$iate
 arrangem5ts = secur+ x aga9/ attack by 
ho/ile  cavalry & horse artill]y4 ,n a  
m9ute is to be lo/4 ,y w also  d y\r be/
 to prep>e ! front allott$ to y = def5ce
 aga9/  a /rong infantry attack :i* !   
enemy w probably deliv]1 ?\gh  x is     
unlikely t be w be 9 a position to d s  
be=e dawn  to-morr[40      ,"q #a4      
,:at w\ld y d on receipt ( ^! ord]s8    
,action consid]$ ,correct4    ,y %\ld   
save "t by h&+ ov] comm& ( y\r company &
  y\rself cant]+ on s z to exam9e !     
gr\nd & c>efully  consid] y\r plans be=e
 y\r company arrives4 ,! l9e ( argum5t  
y %\ld adopt on arrival on ! ridge %\ld 
be3 8,my fir/ object is  to prev5t      
cavalry1 assi/$ by horse artill]y1 rea*+
 ! ridge1  & n a s+le mom5t is to be lo/
 9 do+ ?is4    8,my second object is to 
consid] c>efully h[ ! gr\nd c be/  be   
prep>$ to resi/ a det]m9$ infantry      

attack e>ly to-morr[  morn+4 ,x is      
possible t ! ridge may be subject$ to   
%ell fire  soon aft] ! arrival ( my     
company1 & ,i mu/ make hay :il/ !  sun  
%9es40    ,! conclusions y w\ld come to 
z a result ( ?is reason+ w\ld  probably 
be3 8,x is improbable t ,i %all be able 
to entr5* !  :ole ( my company be=e !   
enemy op5s fire1 b at all ev5ts  ,i w   
try to make emplacem5ts = my f\r ,lewis 
guns on ! ridge  betwe5 ,e & ,i4 ,!y w  
?us be ab\t eighty y>ds ap>t4    8,i w  
use int5sive lab\r to get ^! emplacem5ts
 complet$  quickly40    ,by int5sive    
lab\r is meant tell+ (f ?ree m5 to ea*  
tool us$  & ord]+ ! man to dig ) all 8  
might & ma9 = a c\ple  ( m9utes or until
 he is tir$1 & !n to h& 8 tool ov] to   
ano!r man :o is ready to receive x4 ,by 
?is means m "w c  be done 9 half an h\r 
?an is usually done 9 an h\r4 ,= p]iods 
( "u an h\r1 :5 m5 are work+ aga9/ "t to
 a*ieve "s  important object1 int5sive  
lab\r is an excell5t me?od to adopt1 b  
x is n suit$ = long tasks :]e its use   

w\ld we> m5 out4 ,x is  especially      
applicable :]e ! task work$ at is s     
small t only a  v limit$ numb] ( m5 c "w
 simultane\sly4    8,i w1 at ! same "t1 
con/ruct tr5*es connect+ ^! ,lewis  gun 
po/s4 ,x is possible t ! arrival ( !    
enemy's guns w  oblige me to rel9qui% "w
 until ! night1 b ! fact t !  tr5*es h  
be5 comm5c$ 9 ! daytime w v mu* assi/ ! 
m5 9 _! night "w4 ,i w aft]w>ds con/ruct
 support+ po9ts  at ! f>m ,l & betwe5 ,m
 & ,n on ! rev]se slope40      ,"q #b4  
,if y concur ) ^! conclusions1 :at      
pr9ciple w gov]n y\r  action 9 putt+ !  
f>m into a /ate ( def5ce8 ,y w notice  t
 ! f>m %[s a bigg] front to ! ea/ & !   
we/ ?an x  does to ! nor? & ! s\?4 ,x is
 con/ruct$ ( /rong masonry  & has two   
/ories4      ,action :i* is consid]$    
,correct4    ,y %\ld use ! s\!rn rooms 9
 ! f>m = y\r ma*9e guns  r ?an ! nor!rn 
ones1 z y w !re be m protect$  f %ell   
fire4 ,y mu/ keep y\r def5ce z mu* bel[ 
gr\nd z  possible1 us+ cell>s if !y are 
available1 & o!rwise digg+  tr5*es      

inside ! walls s z to h y\r loopholes a 
few in*es  above ! gr\nd level4         
,con/ruct head cov] ) /rong baulks close
 ov] y\r heads1 s  t 9 ! ev5t ( ! :ole  
build+ be+ br\ght d[n1 x w  n affect y1 
b only give y m cov] f high-angle fire4 
,if  possible put wire r\nd ! nor!rn end
 ( ! build+4 ,arrange to  flank ! "w    
betwe5 ,m ,n1 :i* %\ld 9 turn protect   
y\r front4    ,illu/ration3 ,"w = #dj m5
  #b m4 gs4 or ,lewis guns4 ,x only     
requires #dj to hold x1 b w\ld give cov]
 to twice z _m    ,angles at ,b  ,c     
arbitr>y to suit gr\nd4      ,"q #c4    
,:at description ( "w w y make betwe5 ,m
 & ,n8      ,action consid]$ ,correct4  
,! be/ =m ( "w to con/ruct w be "o made 
on ! pr9ciple  ( t %[n 9 ! annex$       
diagram4 ,z w be se51 ?is consi/s  ( a  
s]ies ( isl& trav]ses /rung toge!r m or 
less 9 !  %ape ( an 8,s40 ,! advantage (
 ?is is n only t x is suitable  =       
all-r\nd def5ce1 b t ! :ole ( ! g>rison 
c fire  simultane\sly 9 almo/ any       
direction1 ! weake/ po9ts be+  ,a & ,d4 

,! "w %[n 9 ! diagram w\ld require a    
g>rison  ( ab\t =ty m51 b x c\ld give   
cov] to eighty4 ,x is less  vuln]able by
 artill]y fire ?an almo/ any o!r =m (   
"w4 ,x  is an easy "w to con/ruct 9 s f>
 t a l>ge numb] ( m5  c "w at x at !    
same "t )\t int]f]+ ) ea* o!r4  ,!      
acut5ess or obtus5ess ( ! angles at ,b &
 ,c mu/ dep5d  entirely ^u ! gr\nd1 b x 
/&s to reason t ! m !  angles approa* "r
 angles1 ! m is ! "w suitable =         
all-r\nd def5ce4    ,! 8crucifix0 /rong 
po9t is also a good patt]n1 b ,i ?9k t  
! "o t ,i h giv5 y is bett]1 z x is 9 e 
way a less  satisfactory m>k = ! enemy  
artill]y1 & also gives y q  z good1 if n
 bett]1 opportunity ( us+ all y\r rifles
 9 e  direction4    ,my next lett] w    
conta9 a problem = a re>gu>d comm&]4    
,y\r affectionate fa!r1                 
8,x4 ,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,v       
,illu/ration                ,janu>y #a1 
#aiah4    ,,my ,,de> ,,dick1--    ,! la/
 s*eme ,i gave y dealt ) ! tak+ up ( a  
position :5  an attack by a weak =ce 0  

probable )9 an h\r or s ( y\r  occupy+  
x1 & also ) ! /r5g!n+ ( ! same position 
=  an expect$ attack by a /rong] =ce    
twelve h\rs lat]4 ,?is "o  deals ) a    
re>gu>d action4 ,x is /raight=w>d &     
pla94 ,!  object t troops fight+ a      
re>gu>d action %\ld h 9 m9d is  to keep 
! enemy at arm's l5g?1 to puni% him     
sev]ely if he is too  bold1 & at ! same 
"t n to compromise _! own retreat1      
unless  duty requires !m to sacrifice   
!mselves 9 ord] to save ! ma9  body4 ,i 
w n[ set y ! problem be=e ,i make my own
 solution too  evid5t by my rem>ks4 ,x  
is my int5tion to add a few m words at  
! end ( ?is lett]1 b ,i d n wi% y to    
look at !m until y  h writt5 y\r own    
solution4      ,,problem #d    ,! banks 
( ! ,riv] ,lea are /eep1 ! riv] is ab\t 
f\r feet six  in*es deep1 except ne> !  
=d4 ,! bottom is muddy4 ,at ! =d  x is  
=ty y>ds broad1 9 mo/ o!r places ab\t   
tw5ty y>ds4 ,!  fields on ei!r side are 
firm4 ,! roads %[n on ! sket* are dry  &
 du/y4 ,! soil is *alky4 ,! dep? ( !    

riv] at ! =d is  two feet six in*es4 ,! 
date is ,june #bj4    ,"o ( ! ord]lies  
atta*$ to y reports t at ,slag ,f>m !re 
is  a l>ge quantity ( wire1 "s ( x b>b$4
    ,! brigade to :i* y belong is retir+
 9 a s\!rly direction4  ,! baggage mov$ 
9 front ( ! brigade4 ,! "t is #e4cj p4m4
 ,y  ) y\r company1 to :i* six m\nt$    
ord]lies h be5 atta*$1  are ne> ,home   
,f>m1 ! rema9d] ( y\r battalion1 :i* is 
9 re>  ( ! brigade1 is pass+ ?r\gh      
,silv]ton1 :5 ! adjutant rides  up to y 
& gives y ! foll[+ ord]3    8,in=mation 
has be5 receiv$ t a ho/ile cavalry      
brigade is  pursu+4 ,y w take su* /eps z
 y may consid] necess>y to  prev5t !    
enemy cross+ ! ,riv] ,lea betwe5 ,/one  
,bridge & ,slag  ,f>m1 bo? inclusive1   
until #g p4m41 at :i* h\r y w be reliev$
  by cavalry4 ,y w be c>eful n to       
compromise y\r own retreat4  ,hav+      
accompli%$ y\r task1 y w rejo9 y\r      
unit40      ,problem4    ,h[ d y        
appreciate ! situation1 & :at /eps w y  
take to  c>ry out y\r in/ructions8      

,solution consid]$ ,correct4    ,! ,riv]
 ,lea is 9 all places )9 #hjj y>ds ( !  
ridge1 & z  ! conditions are p>ticul>ly 
fav\rable = fire action f !  ridge1 !re 
is no necessity = y to place y\r m5 d[n 
! =w>d  slope4 ,! circum/ances :i* r5d] 
! situation s fav\rable =  fire action  
are t x is practically impossible = !   
enemy's  cavalry to cross ! ,riv] ,lea1 
except at ! bridge or at ! =d4  ,!      
bridge & ! road1 ) ponds on ei!r side ( 
x1 j to !  nor? ( ! bridge1 =m a defile 
#aej y>ds long1 ?r\gh :i* !  enemy mu/  
pass4 ,! ponds & ! riv] also af=d y an  
excell5t  opportunity to *eck ! range by
 ! spla% ( y\r bullets4    ,by fill+ !  
=d ) wire y %\ld also succe$ 9 mak+ t  v
 difficult to cross4 ,! great objection 
to putt+ m5 on !  =w>d slope is t !y w  
come "u sev]e fire f ! horse  artill]y  
:i* w accompany ! cavalry1 & t "u cov] (
  ?is fire ! cavalry are mu* m likely to
 be able to cross ?an  !y w\ld be if    
fir$ at f a conceal$ position on !      
ridge4  ,besides :i* all movem5t by m5  

on ! =w>d slope w\ld be se5  & ! m5     
!mselves w\ld n be able to retire until 
d>k4      ,ord]s4    #a4 ,nos4 #c & #d  
,platoons w proce$ "u ,lieut5ant ,smi?  
to  ! neighb\rhood ( ,cross ,f>m1 :]e !y
 w take up ! be/  positions !y c f9d ) !
 object ( protect+ ! cross+ (  ! ,riv]  
,lea4    ,x has be5 report$ t a l>ge    
quantity ( wire1 "s ( x b>b$1  is to be 
f\nd at ,slag ,f>m4 ,lieut5ant ,smi? w  
take /eps to  ob/ruct ! =d ) ?is ) !    
object ( d5y+ its use to !  enemy4      
#b4 ,no4 #a ,platoon w take up a        
position ne> ,home ,f>m & ,no4 #b       
,platoon ne> ,hope ,f>m1 also ) ! object
 ( prev5t+ ! cross+  ( ! ,riv] ,lea4    
#c4 ,no4 #b ,platoon f ,hope ,f>m w fire
 rang+ %ots on to ! =d  at ,slag ,f>m1  
,*alk ,pit1 & ! two road junctions to ! 
nor? ( !  =d1 & :5 ! (fic] comm&+ !     
platoon is c]ta9 by !  obs]vation ( 8   
fire t he has obta9$ ! correct ranges1  
he  w pass ?is in=mation to ! (fic]     
comm&+ ,no4 #a ,platoon4    ,! (fic]    
comm&+ ,no4 #a ,platoon w range on !    

ponds ne>  ! bridge & on ! road junction
 to ! nor? ( !m1 & w  simil>ly pass !   
range *>t to ! (fic] comm&+ ,no4 #b     
,platoon4 ,?is rang+ w be c>ri$ out at  
once 9 ord] t !  rang+ by ,nos4 #a & #b 
,platoons may be f9i%$ be=e ! rang+ is  
comm5c$ by ! (fic]s comm&+ ,nos4 #c & #d
 ,platoons1 :i* w  be c>ri$ out "u !    
ord]s ( ,lieut5ant ,smi?4    ,n4,b4--,i 
am q aw>e t a company is suppos$ to c>ry
 a ,b>r   ,/r\d range-f9d]4 ,al?\gh ?is 
is an excell5t in/rum5t :5 x  is 9      
?or\gh ord]1 !re is really no su*       
reliable range-f9d] z  a rifle fir$ at a
 m>k :i* w %[ ! impact ( ! bullet4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,9 ! prop] solution ( ! =ego+ s*eme1    
ev]y?+ really  dep5ds ^u y\r fire ord]s4
 ,i am presum+ t y\r m5 are fairly  well
 tra9$ ) ! rifle4 ,i wi%1 ( c\rse1 t all
 our m5 7  tra9$ up to ! /&>d ( ! ,old  
,contemptibles1 b 8,rome 0 n  built 9 a 
day10 nor c discipl9e & good m>ksman%ip 
become "p  ( a man's second nature z a  
result ( only a few mon?s' tra9+4  ,if1 

h[ev]1 y\r m5 are reasonably good %ots &
 c fire at  lea/ fifte5 r\nds a m9ute   
7!y ought to fire tw5ty "u peace        
conditions71 9 su* cases z ! above mu* m
 w dep5d ^u  :e!r y give correct fire   
ord]s ?an ^u :e!r ! m5 are  fir/-class  
m>ksm5 or only mod]ately good %ots4 ,y c
 comp>e  a company ( fir/-class m>ksm5  
to a ,*oke-bore gun :i* %oots  f>!r &   
h>d] b requires a skill$ game %ot to use
 )  advantage1 :]eas a company (        
mod]ately-tra9$ %ots w\ld resemble  an  
ord9>y scatt] gun1 ) :i* ! ord9>y %ot   
w\ld probably  d m execution4 ,if y give
 a range z #a1bjj y>ds :5 x is only     
#a1jjj y>ds & y h m>ksm51 no %ots w fall
 on ! object2  :]eas if y\r company 7   
compos$ ( ?ird-class %ots1 ! *ances  are
 t x w\ld be well spr9kl$ ) bullets4 ,d 
n ?9k f  ?is t ,i pref] ! ?ird-class    
%ots1 = t is v decid$ly  n ! case2 b if 
y h a highly f9i%$ weapon1 y want a good
  man beh9d x1 al?\gh 9 ! h&s ( su* a "o
 x w d brilliant  execution4 ,if y h a  
company ( good %ots & are n c]ta9 (  a  

range1 y\r be/ plan is to fire ) comb9$ 
sights & ?us to  increase ! dep? ( !    
fire-swept gr\nd4 ,?is me?od1 al?\gh 9  
_m cases ! be/ to adopt1 is b\nd to     
dim9i% ! efficacy ( y\r  fire1 = if !   
correct range be #a1bjj y>ds & y fire "o
 platoon  at #a1jjj y>ds1 "o at #a1ajj1 
"o at #a1bjj1 & "o at #a1cjj1 x /&s  to 
reason t y c only hope to get a qu>t] z 
_m hits z y  w\ld d if y gave ! :ole f\r
 platoons ! correct range2 b  ev5 t is  
bett] ?an giv+ ! range at #a1jjj & miss+
 ! m>k  altoge!r4 ,x is a bad plan to g 
8,nap0 be=e y h look$ at y\r  h&4 ,i    
%all lat] on give y c]ta9 little        
problems = solution  9 :i* ,i am (      
op9ion t comb9$ sights %\ld be us$4 ,9 !
  problem "u consid]ation1 h[ev]1 _! use
 w\ld be absolutely  wrong4 ,y c *eck   
all ! ranges by see+ ! spla% ( ! bullets
  ei!r 9 ! ponds1 9 ! riv]1 or on !     
,*alk ,pit1 & y %\ld  be cont5t ) no?+  
except ! correct range4 ,"y (fic]s  are 
always apt to consid] t s long z !y h   
taught _!  company to %oot fairly well1 

!y h done _! duty ) reg>d to  musketry4 
,?is is1 9 reality1 by no means ! case4 
,! company is  simply ! sportsman's gun2
 ! comm&] has to le>n h[ to use x4      
,!re are _m circum/ances "u :i* a man   
has to pick out 8  own t>get1 z1 =      
in/ance1 :5 ! enemy is attack+1 & "h    
ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u 8 individual           
m>ksman%ip4 ,!re are1  h[ev]1 _m o!r    
occasions 9 :i* if #aj p] c5t4 ( !      
effect  dep5ds ^u :e!r ! m5 are         
fir/-class m>ksm5 or only ord9>y  dec5t 
%ots1 #ij p] c5t4 w dep5d ^u :e!r !     
(fic] gives  fire ord]s prop]ly adapt$  
to ! situation4 ,! above problem is an  
illu/ration ( ?is pr9ciple4    ,y %\ld  
notice t 9 my solution ,i c>efully      
arrang$ t  ! p>ty compris$ ( ,nos4 #b & 
#c ,platoons %\ld n comm5ce  rang+ until
 ,nos4 #a & #b ,platoons _h f9i%$4 ,7 !y
 to fire  simultane\sly1 confusion 9 !  
spla%es made by ! bullets w\ld be  !    
result4    ,don't =get to h& ov] y\r    
range c>d to y\r relief4            ,y\r
 affectionate fa!r1                     

8,x4 ,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,,vi     
,illu/ration                ,janu>y #g1 
#aiah4    ,,problem #e;a    ,,my ,,de>  
,,dick1--    ,i w set y ano!r problem4  
,! =ce to :i* y belong has made a night 
m>*4 ,y\r platoon n[  =ms "p ( a new    
outpo/ l9e4 ,y halt$ 9 a dit* at l9e    
m>k$  ,d1 ) a ?9 h$ge on ! enemy's side 
( x1 :i* gives y good  cov] f view4 ,y\r
 idea 0 to use ?is place z ! headqu>t]s 
( y\r picket1 & z soon z x 0 ?or\ghly   
light to ?r[ gr\ps  out 9 front4 ,y\r   
platoon consi/s ( =ty m5 & a ,lewis gun4
 ,soon  aft] dawn & :5 y\r m5 are /ill 9
 ! tr5* at ,d1 y see  :at y take to be a
 /rong platoon ( ! enemy advanc+ /raight
  t[>ds y f ! nor?2 a c\ple ( gr\ps ( m5
 are fifty y>ds  9 front1 & ! rema9d] ( 
! platoon is advanc+ 9 f\rs along  a    
c\ntry road1 :i* passes close to y\r    
position4 ,y see !  platoon :5 x is at  
,a ab\t #a1jjj y>ds (f4    ,:at action w
 y take8      ,action consid]$ ,correct4
    ,!re seems to be e *ance ( y\r be+  
able to ambuscade ?is  p>ty1 & y %\ld   

let x advance until ! gr\ps :i* ! ma9   
body has 9 front ( x are )9 fifty y>ds (
 y\r picquet4 ,y  %\ld tell (f a few m5 
on ! flanks to deal ) ^! gr\ps1  & turn 
! fire ( ! :ole ( ! re/ ( y\r platoon on
 to !  ma9 body4 ,y mu/ be c>eful to see
 t all y\r m5 lie d[n1 t  no "o b       
y\rself has 8 head above gr\nd level1 & 
y mu/  cam\flage y\rself4 ,! susp5se 9  
su* a situation z ?is makes  great dem&s
 on ! m5's discipl9e1 & !y are apt to   
look up &  be se5 by ! enemy1 ?us       
de/roy+ all hope ( surprise4            
,,problem #e;b    ,! situation is       
exactly ! same z 9 ,problem #e;a1 except
 t  in/ead ( a platoon advanc+ t[>ds y1 
!re is a :ole company  m>*+ 9 f\rs1 )   
f\r gr\ps #ajj y>ds 9 front ( x4    ,:at
 action w\ld y take8      ,action       
consid]$ ,correct4    ,exactly ! same z 
9 ,problem #e;a4 ,! enemy is 9 ?is case 
f\r  times z /rong z y are1 b ! effect (
 surprise %\ld m  ?an make up = ?is1 & !
 fir/ m9ute aft] y op5 fire %\ld  decide
 ! action 9 y\r fav\r4      ,,problem   

#e;c    ,! situation is aga9 exactly !  
same z 9 #e;a & #e;b1 except  t a :ole  
battalion ) eight gr\ps #bjj y>ds 9     
front ( x is  advanc+4    ,:at action   
w\ld y take8      ,action consid]$      
,correct4    ,9 ?is case ! situation is 
*ang$4 ,y are an outpo/1 & y\r  fir/    
duty is to w>n y\r ma9 body 9 case ( an 
attack & to give  x "t to prep>e itself4
 ,x is j possible t if y all[ !         
battalion to approa* to )9 #cjj y>ds y  
might deal x su* a  bl[ z to almo/      
de/roy x2 b if1 on ! contr>y1 ! cov]+   
gr\ps 7 compos$ ( really good soldi]s & 
! companies 7  well comm&$1 !re w\ld be 
a great *ance ( y\r be+ ru%$1 &  ?is is 
a risk :i* y ought n to take1 = x w\ld  
compromise  ! :ole situation4 ,9 ^!     
circum/ances y %\ld !re=e take  /eps to 
op5 a rapid fire on ! enemy imm$iately )
 y\r m5 &  y\r ,lewis gun4 ,y\r object 9
 do+ ?is w\ld be to keep him at arm's   
l5g? & delay 8 advance z mu* z possible 
s z to give y\r  supports & res]ves "t  
to prep>e !mselves4            ,y\r     

affectionate fa!r1                      
8,x4 ,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,,vii    
,illu/ration                ,janu>y #ae1
 #aiah4    ,,problem #f    ,,my ,,de>   
,,dick1--    ,9 ?is lett] ,i am go+ to  
set y ano!r fire problem4 ,x is "o  9   
:i*1 presum+ t ! m5 are fairly well     
tra9$ 9 musketry1  ev]y?+ dep5ds on !   
ord]s giv5 by ! company comm&]4    ,y   
are 9 comm& ( a company & are m>*+ 9 a  
nor!rly  direction along ! road ,w ,b   
,e1 ) sc\ts 9 front ( y4 ,on  rea*+ !   
top ( ! ridge at ,b y\r sc\ts halt &    
beckon to  y4 ,y g =w>d & see :at appe>s
 to be an enemy's battalion at  ,x1 by !
 bank ( ! ,riv] ,spate4 ,! battalion is 
9 close column  & ! m5 are ly+ d[n re/+4
 ,! c\ntry all r\nd ! battalion  is op54
 ,!re is a ?9 h$ge on ! top ( ! ridge ,a
 ,b ,c ?r\gh  :i* y c see & ?r\gh :i* y 
c\ld fire1 b :i* gives  y cov] f view4  
,/ate h[ ! situation pres5ts itself to y
 & also give y\r exact  ord]s4          
,solution consid]$ ,correct4    ,y %\ld 
reason ) y\rself z foll[s3    8,if ,i   

advance beyond ! h$ge ,i %all be se5 &  
my company w be  oppos$ by a battalion4 
,!re seems to be an excell5t opportunity
 (  surpris+ ! enemy1 :o %[s no sign (  
mov+1 ) my conc5trat$  fire1 & ,i %all  
consequ5tly make my plans delib]ately4  
,f my map  ,i judge ! di/ance f ! top ( 
! ridge to ! bridge ov] !  ,riv] ,spate 
to be #a1cjj y>ds1 & ! c5tre ( !        
battalion ab\t  #a1djj y>ds1 b z ,i want
 to be q sure ( gett+ ! battalion  into 
my bracket1 ,i %all use comb9$ sights4  
,i %all fir/ l9e up !  :ole company #cj 
y>ds beh9d ! h$ge1 & !n ord] ,no4 #a    
,platoon  to fix _! sights at #a1cjj1   
,no4 #b at #a1djj1 ,no4 #c at #a1ejj1 & 
,no4 #d at #a1fjj y>ds1 ) ! ,lewis gun (
 ,no4 #a ,platoon at #a1cej1  t ( ,no4  
#b at #a1djj1 t ( ,no4 #c at #a1dej1 & t
 ( ,no4 #d at  #a1ejj y>ds4 ,i %all !n  
ord] ! :ole company to creep up into    
position1 & :5 ! t>get has be5 prop]ly  
po9t$ out ,i %all  bl[ my :i/le1 on :i* 
e man w fire tw5ty r\nds rapid &  ea*   
,lewis gun six drums4 ,at ! end ( !     

tw5ty r\nds ,i c1 if  necess>y1 correct 
my ranges4 ,m5 are1 z a rule1 m apt to  
fire  high ?an l[1 & ,i %\ld h giv5 !   
ranges #a1bjj1 #a1cjj1 #a1djj1  #a1ejj1 
in/ead ( #a1cjj1 #a1djj1 #a1ejj1 #a1fjj1
 _h x n be5 t !  riv] w prev5t ! enemy  
ru%+ /raight t[>ds me if he f9ds  ! fire
 is high1 :]eas if my ranges are %ort he
 c\ld get out (  range by retir+40      
,y\r affectionate fa!r1                 
8,x4 ,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,,viii   
,illu/ration                ,janu>y #bb1
 #aiah4    ,,problem #g    ,,my ,,de>   
,,dick1--    ,! foll[+ is a problem 9   
tr5* w>f>e su* z y may be call$  ^u to  
solve any day 9 ! tr5*es4    ,! company 
( :i* y are 9 comm& has succe$$ 9 gett+ 
into a  tr5* a section ( :i* is giv5 9 !
 diagram4 ,x has only incurr$  ab\t #aj 
p] c5t4 ( casualties4 ,! tr5* is ! la/ (
 ! ,g]man  sy/em1 & !re is a cle> field 
( fire = ab\t #ajj y>ds 9 !  direction 9
 :i* ! enemy has retir$2 aft] t !re is a
 ?ick  wood4    ,y\r telephone          
communication has brok5 d[n & x is      

evid5t t y  w = "s "t h to rely on y\r  
own res\rces4 ,y\r flanks are  secur$ by
 troops on y\r "r & left4 ,y\r company  
n[ numb]s #abj  rank & file4 ,! front   
allott$ to y measures ab\t #aej y>ds4   
,! tr5* :i* y are n[ occupy+ 0          
consid]ably %ell$ by u  previ\s to its  
capture1 & :at 0 ! re> ( ! tr5* :5 !    
,g]mans held x1 namely ,h ,g ,f1 has be5
 consid]ably brok5 d[n  9 half a doz5   
places4 ,x is q possible t ! ,g]mans w  
c\nt]-attack f ! wood )\t delay4 ,x is  
evid5t f !  section ( ! tr5* depict$ on 
! diagram t y _c fire out  ( x z x is at
 pres5t4      ,problem4    ,:at action w
 y take to prep>e = ! enemy's           
c\nt]-attack8      ,solution consid]$   
,correct4    ,y\r position is a         
difficult "o1 = !re is no place f :i*   
y\r  m5 c fire4 ,y _c ev5 use ! /ep ,c1 
nor ! p>apet ,a ,k1  = ! p>ados ,h ,g   
is1 z is usually ! case1 eighte5 in*es  
high] ?an is ! old cre/ l9e at ,a4 ,9 ! 
%ort "t at y\r  disposal x w be next to 
impossible to make a cont9u\s /ep s  z  

to enable y to fire ov] ,h1 & 9 !       
circum/ances ! be/  ?+ = y to d is to   
conc5trate ! :ole ( y\r en]gies on      
gett+ y\r ,lewis guns into position & to
 use int5sive lab\r =  ! purpose4#a ,x  
is possible t y may be able to get "o or
 two  ( ! ,lewis guns satisfactorily    
into position at "s ( ! places  9 :i* ! 
revetm5t 9 ,f ,g ,h has be5 knock$ d[n4 
,if1 9 y\r  company1 y h half a doz5    
iron or wire grips :i* y c utilise  to  
pull d[n ! s&bag revetm5t1 y w f9d !m ( 
! greate/  assi/ance1 = m5 :o only h _! 
h&s to "w ) f9d x v  difficult to get a 
grip on a s&bag :i* is 9 a revetm5t4    
#a ,see ,problem #c1 p4 #ce4    ,y mu/  
at once place look-out m5 to give y w>n+
 ( any sign  ( ! enemy assembl+ 9 ! edge
 ( ! wood to y\r front & be  prep>$ to  
op5 on !m ) rifle gr5ades4    ,! real   
advantage t a ma*9e gun or ,lewis gun   
has ov] a rifle  is t f a small po9t (  
vantage "o ( ^! weapons c p\r a         
trem5d\s hail ( fire1 & 9 su*           
circum/ances z ^? depict$  above !re is 

no d\bt b t ! fir/ consid]ation %\ld be 
to  get y\r ,lewis guns into position4  
,if possible1 x is be/ to place ^! 9    
pairs1 %oot+ obliquely  & cross+ _! fire
 9 front ( y4 ,z soon z ?is is done y   
%\ld ?9 out & organise y\r def5ce 9     
dep?4 ,?is be+ c>ri$  out1 y mu/ det]m9e
 :at localities y w hold & :]e y  w h   
y\r gaps4 ,y %\ld g5]ally h a locality 9
 front  ( any communication tr5* lead+  
up f ! re>4 ,z soon z y  h det]m9$ on   
y\r localities1 y mu/ set-to & build a  
fire  /ep4 ,! next measure to take 9    
ord] ( importance is to collect         
ammunition & place x at conv5i5t po9ts4 
,aft] y h done ?is1  try to put wire or 
"s o!r ob/acle 9 front4 ,9 advis+ ?is1  
,i  am presum+ t y h rea*$ y\r f9al     
objective4 ,be c>eful  to remove any old
 ,g]man wire beh9d y :i* w prev5t y\r   
own  supports com+ up ov] ! op5 to      
re9=ce y4 ,try to get y\r  localities   
m>k$ by lamps at night1 t y\r own fri5ds
 9 re> c  see :]e !y are4      ,,problem
 #h    ,aft] h>d fight+ y h driv5 !     

enemy out ( ! tr5*  ,a ,b ,c1 & he has  
retir$ up ! communication tr5* ,d ,e ,f 
9 !  direction ( 8 supports4 ,y are 9   
comm& ( a platoon & h  be5 ord]$ to take
 /eps to prev5t ! enemy aga9 advanc+    
along  ! communication tr5* ,e ,d ,b4 ,x
 is n ! int5tion ( y\r  comm&+ (fic] to 
advance at pres5t any f>!r ?an ! po9ts  
he  has already rea*$4 ,! "t is an h\r  
be=e d>k4    ,:at /eps w y take to c>ry 
out ! in/ructions y h  receiv$8         
,solution consid]$ ,correct4    ,pull   
knife-re/s#b d[n into ! tr5* ,d ,e ,f1  
also ?r[ wire  into x if available4 ,at 
once put a c\ple ( m5 at ! po9t ,d to   
cov] ! tr5* ,d ,e ) _! rifles4 ,z soon z
 y are able to  d s1 dig a %ort tr5* f  
,g to ,d & place a ,lewis gun at ,g  to 
enfilade ,d ,e4 ,y may h to wait until  
aft] d>k be=e y  actually c>ry ?is out1 
b y %\ld make arrangem5ts = do+  x by   
daylight4 ,x w\ld n be a bad plan to tie
 a few t9s on to !  knife-re/s :i* y h  
?r[n into ! tr5*1 s t ! rattle1  if !y  
are mov$1 w give y w>n+ ( any "o's      

approa*4 ,!  ,lewis gun at ,g w be      
practically out ( bomb+ range f ,e ,f4  
#b ,a knife-re/ is a portable wire      
entanglem5t ab\t #aj feet          long1
 made ^u a wood5 frame-"w4              
,illu/ration           99       99      
99       99       99    ,!re are z _m   
diff]5t types ( /ops z !re are diff]5t  
sorts  ( tr5*es4 ,"s ( ^! types are     
bett] ?an o!rs1 b !re is  no type :i* is
 suitable "u all circum/ances4 ,ev]y?+  
mu/  dep5d on ! exact local conditions &
 on ! means at y\r disposal4  ,x does n 
require mu* +5uity to devise a good /op 
= a tr5*  if y h leisure to ?9k ! matt] 
out1 b j z a rem>k :i*  w\ld be         
commonplace if giv5 z ! result ( matur$ 
delib]ation is  reg>d$ z brilliant if   
made z a quick rep>tee1 s 9 tactics to  
d :at is "r "u fire is q a diff]5t ?+ to
 answ]+ a  "q on an exam9ation pap]4    
,nev]!less1 to h answ]$ a  simil> "q on 
an exam9ation pap]1 or1 /ill bett]1 to h
  done x z a tactical ex]cise1 r5d]s x v
 mu* m likely t  y w d ! "r ?+ :5 y are 

fac$ by a simil> problem 9  e>ne/4 ,i1  
!re=e1 c\nsel y to c>efully consid] !   
diff]5t  sorts ( tr5*es :i* y come      
across & to ?9k out c>efully h[  y w\ld 
put a /op 9 !m1 or h[ y turn !m to %oot 
9 !  opposite direction4 ,9 ! diagram ,i
 h giv5 y x is j possible  t by cutt+   
d[n ! elb[ at ,e1 y may be able to      
enfilade !  section ( tr5* ,e ,f f ,a4  
,?is w\ld1 h[ev]1 dep5d on !  gr\nd & on
 ! actual con/ruction ( ! tr5*es        
conc]n$4            ,y\r affectionate   
fa!r1                             8,x4  
,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,,ix          
,illu/ration                ,febru>y #a1
 #aiah4    ,,problem #i    ,,my ,,de>   
,,dick1--    ,?is week my lett] w be a  
%ort "o1 z x only conta9s "o v  simple  
problem4    ,y are on outpo/ duty & h   
be5 told t ! ,g5]al is v  anxi\s to get 
"o or two live prison]s4 ,y\r picquet is
 at "s  cross-roads a qu>t] ( a mile s\?
 ( ! road ,a ,b m>k$ on !  map4 ,y h    
reason to believe t x is probable t !   
enemy w  patrol d[n ! road ,a ,b4 ,a ,b 

is a good road ) /rong f5ces on  ei!r   
side ( x1 & ) dit*es on ! road side ( ! 
f5ce4    ,does any special way ( tak+   
prison]s alive 9 ?is road sugge/  itself
 to y8      ,solution4    ,a v good plan
 to adopt 9 ^! circum/ances w\ld be :at 
!  ,japanese us$ to call ! trap-door4   
,if y\r po/ consi/s ( six m51  leave f\r
 "u ! lead] at ,a & tell !m to conceal  
!mselves  9 ! dit*1 & place two1 also   
conceal$ 9 ! dit*1 =ty y>ds  9 front ( !
 mat ,b4 ,if ! enemy's patrol comes     
along1 ! m5 at  ,b %\ld all[ x to pass  
!m & !n give a signal & at ! same  "t   
!mselves take /eps to cut (f ! patrol's 
retreat1 :il/ !  f\r m5 at ,a prev5t x  
advanc+ f>!r4           99       99     
99       99       99    ,! above little 
s*eme is s simple t ,i %\ld feel t ,i   
ought  to apologise = sett+ x1 7 x n t  
,i am q c]ta9 t  ?ree out ( f\r ( y\r   
comrades to :om y may set x w n give  ! 
prop] solution4    ,i saw a simil>      
little problem giv5 to m5 ( diff]5t     
regim5ts  9 ,india4 ,! only troops :o   

answ]$ x prop]ly 7 ,pa?ans4 ,x  app>5tly
 mu* resembles traps :i* !y set = "o    
ano!r 9 _!  int]-tribal fights4 ,al?\gh 
"s tw5ty teams compet$1 nei!r  ,briti%  
troops1 ,sikhs1 ,h9du/ani1 ,mohamm$ans1 
nor ,rajputs ev]  manag$ to successfully
 cat* _! m54            ,y\r            
affectionate fa!r1                      
8,x4 ,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,x       
,illu/ration                ,febru>y #g1
 #aiah4    ,,problem #aj    ,,my ,,de>  
,,dick1--    ,! problem ,i am sett+ y   
to-day has to d ) fire control4    ,y   
are on outpo/ fac+ 9 a nor!rly direction
 & are 9 comm&  ( a picquet consi/+ ( ! 
headqu>t]s ( a platoon ) a ,lewis  gun &
 ?irty m5 at ,g4 ,a man :o has be5 s5t 9
 f a gr\p on  y\r left tells y t a      
company ( ! enemy is mov+ across y\r    
front f left to "r along ! road ,a ,b ,c
 ,d ,e ,f4 ,he says t !  company is m>*+
 ) an advanc$ gu>d ( "o platoon ab\t    
#bjj  y>ds 9 front ( x4 ,! platoon has a
 c\ple ( gr\ps #bjj y>ds 9  front ( x   
aga94 ,five m9utes aft] y h receiv$ ?is 

notice1  y see a gr\p ( ! enemy m>*+ f !
 wood at ,b4      ,problem4    ,h[ d y  
appreciate ! situation & :at action d y 
int5d to  take8      ,solution4    ,s   
long z y rema9 c>efully conceal$ at ,g &
 y\r m5 d n  %[ !mselves1 x is at lea/ z
 likely z n t ! enemy's  sc\ts w n      
discov] y4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y %\ld d s1 y\r 
dang] w come f ! enemy's company & !    
platoon 9 front (  x & n f ! sc\ts1 & x 
is ) ^! l>g] bodies t y  mu/ make y\r   
plans to deal4 ,at ?is close range y    
ought to be able  to put !m out ( action
 9 ! fir/ m9ute aft] op5+ fire4 ,if  y\r
 m5 conceal !mselves prop]ly1 ev5 if !  
sc\ts d discov]  y1 !y w n d s until !  
enemy's ma9 body is ne>+ !  po9t ,c4    
,y\r ord]s %\ld consequ5tly be some:at z
 foll[s3    8,let e man conceal himself4
    8,! ,lewis gun & ,nos4 #a & #b      
,sections ( ! platoon on my comm&  to   
op5 fire w direct _! fire half left on !
 ma9 body ( !  enemy's company1 :i* w be
 ! re>mo/ p>ty4 ,no4 #c ,section w  deal
 ) ! platoon =m+ ! advanc$ gu>d1 & ,no4 

#d ,section1  tak+ its ord]s f ! section
 comm&]1 w deal ) isolat$  gr\ps4 ,no   
man w put up 8 head until ,i give ! ord]
 to fire4 ,!  :ole platoon w use fix$   
sights40    ,y %\ld at once issue ^!    
prelim9>y ord]s4 ,if y are n  discov]$1 
d n op5 fire until ! head ( ! ma9 body  
has  rea*$ ,d4    ,napoleon us$ to say t
 if y ev] saw y\r enemy mak+ a mi/ake1  
y %\ld give him lots ( "t to make x     
?or\ghly be=e puni%+  him4 ,d n pull !  
bait out ( ! pike's m\? until he has    
prop]ly  gorg$ x4 ,?is maxim applies    
equally :e!r y are deal+ )  armies or   
only ) platoons4 ,i1 myself1 rememb] 9  
my e>ly days  miss+ a tig] sixty y>ds   
(f1 :51 if ,i _h only wait$1 he w\ld  h 
walk$ "r "u ! tree on :i* ,i 0 seat$4   
,y\r affectionate fa!r1                 
8,x4 ,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,,xi     
,illu/ration                ,febru>y    
#aj1 #aiah4    ,,my ,,de> ,,dick1--     
,i hope y w ma/] & rememb] ! pr9ciples  
:i* gov]n !  problem ,i am sett+ y      
to-day4 ,al?\gh v simple1 x requires a  

little m ?\ght ?an mo/ ( ^? :i* h prec$$
 x4    ,! ,g]mans h brok5 ?r\gh our     
front l9e4 ,y\r company1 ) its  f\r     
,lewis guns & ) f\r ,vick]s guns :i* h  
be5 plac$ "u  y\r comm&1 has be5 ha/ily 
?r[n into ! tr5* ,b1 :i* is  well       
con/ruct$ & well conceal$1 & has a good 
field ( fire to  ! ea/4 ,f\r #ah-p\nd]  
guns 7 9 action at a hundr$ y>ds nor?  (
 ! tr5* ,b1 b two ( ^! guns h already   
be5 put out (  action by ! enemy's      
artill]y4 ,! ,g]mans are advanc+ 9 great
  numb]s reg>dless ( sacrifice & are n[ 
ab\t a mile di/ant4  ,_! object is      
evid5tly to take ! ridge ,a ,c1 & x is (
 !  utmo/ importance t !y %\ld be       
fru/rat$ 9 _! endeav\rs4  ,! front      
allott$ to y to def5d runs f ,z ,clump  
on ! nor?  to ,u ,f>m on ! s\?4 ,o!r    
troops are responsible outside ^!       
limits4 ,y h 9 ! tr5* ,b #ej1jjj r\nds (
 ammunition besides  t :i* ! m5 h on !m4
 ,y are s5ior to ! (fic] 9  comm& ( !   
rema9+ two #ah-p\nd]s4    ,:at action   
w\ld y take8 & give y\r reasons4        

,comm5ts on ! ,situation & ,action      
adjudg$ ,correct4    ,let u fir/ ( all  
consid] h[ _m r\nds a m9ute y c\ld      
expect  ! troops "u y\r comm& to fire 9 
! foll[+ circum/ances3    7a7 ,if ! fire
 7 only to be cont9u$ = two m9utes4     
7b7 ,if x 7 to be kept up = half an h\r4
                                        
,r\nds4    7a7 ,if x 7 to be kept up =  
two m9utes only1 y    might expect #ajj 
infantrym5 to fire f fifte5 to tw5ty    
r\nds a m9ute 7let u say7               
#c1bjj      ,f\r ,lewis guns to fire    
#fjj r\nds ea* 9 ! two m9utes           
#b1djj      ,f\r ,vick]s to fire #gej   
r\nds ea* 9 two m9utes                  
#c1jjj                                  
-----                                   
#h1fjj      7b7 ,if ! fire 7 to be kept 
up = half an h\r y    might ju/ly expect
 infantry to fire at an av]age rate (   
five r\nds a m9ute                      
#ae1jjj        ,x w\ld be unwise to     
attempt to exce$ ?is av]age rate (      
fire1 = ev5 if y\r m5 7 muscul>ly able  

to cont9ue      fir+ at a great] rate1 x
 is a kn[n ?+ t ! n]v\s      /ra9 ( fir+
 is su* t !re are b few m5 :o c         
fire #bjj r\nds consecutively )\t break+
 d[n1 & x is      ( p>am\nt importance t
 y %\ld keep a c]ta9 am\nt      ( res]ve
 =ce 9 h& 9 case ! enemy gets to a      
really      close range4        ,f\r    
,lewis guns w\ld dur+ ! half-h\r be able
 to        fire #fjj r\nds ea*1 & if ^! 
r\nds 7 fir$ at        fairly long      
ranges w\ld /ill be 9 a position to fire
        #fjj r\nds rapid :5 ! enemy got 
to close qu>t]s        ,! platoon       
comm&]s w\ld1 h[ev]1 be well advis$     
to reg>d ^! ,lewis guns z _! res]ves &  
to d        no?+ to risk _! be+ ready to
 fire #fjj r\nds at        ! critical   
mom5t4 ,!y %\ld1 !re=e1 use !m        v 
sp>+ly at m$ium ranges                  
#b1djj        ,f\r ,vick]s ,maxims %\ld 
be able to fire at an av]age        rate
 ( #bjj r\nds a m9ute                   
#bd1jjj    ,9 o!r words1 9 ! two m9utes 
y c\ld fire at ! av]age rate  ( ov]     

#d1jjj r\nds a m9ute1 b = half an h\r   
c\ld only keep  up an av]age rate ( ab\t
 #hjj r\nds a m9ute4 ,ano!r ?+ to be    
consid]$ is t y\r av]age ( hits at !    
clos] ranges w\ld be  great] ?an !y w\ld
 be at ! f>!r ranges4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1   
no reason :y y %\ld n inflict z mu* loss
 z possible on !  enemy at m$ium & long 
ranges1 provid$ y "k at :at di/ance to  
fire4 ,we us$ to consid] 9 ,s\? ,africa 
t :5 we 7 advanc+  aga9/ a position held
 by ! enemy1 he us$ to %oot /raight] at 
#ejj y>ds ?an he did at #bjj1 =1 f9e    
%ots z ! ,bo]s 71 _!  excitem5t at our  
ne> approa* di/urb$ _! accurate %oot+4  
,y  may !re=e expect t y\r m5 w %oot    
comp>atively bett]  :5 ! enemy is at    
m$ium ranges ?an :5 he is v close1      
provid$  t !y "k ! di/ance4    ,x _c be 
expect$ t y w g 9 = su* a long          
disquisition  at a mom5t :5 y are call$ 
^u to act1 b y %\ld h  consid]$ ^! po9ts
 be=eh&1 at all ev5ts to su* an ext5t  t
 y w\ld h decid$ to op5 fire :5 ! enemy 
0 /ill  at comp>atively long ranges1 b  

to increase ?is fire z lie got  clos] & 
to res]ve ! maximum rate ( fire until y 
c p\r x  9 ) deadly effect4 ,y mu/      
always rememb] t y are deal+  ) human   
be+s :o h n]ves & n ) ma*9es4 ,z ,i h   
previ\sly said1 ! above pr9ciples %\ld  
be ^? on :i* y  decide to act1 b ! fir/ 
?+ y %\ld d w\ld be to s5d to  ! (fic]  
comm&+ ! section ( guns & inquire f him 
!  ranges ( any objects )9 rifle %ot :i*
 he has asc]ta9$1 &  y %\ld at ! same "t
 desire him to obta9 = y ! ranges (  any
 o!r prom95t objects ne> :i* ! enemy mu/
 pass1 s t if  8 rema9+ guns are knock$ 
out y w "k :at sights to use4  ,:il/ ?is
 is be+ done1 y %\ld divide y\r front   
betwe5 y\r  platoon comm&]s4 ,! ,lewis  
guns %\ld rema9 ) _! platoons1  b y w\ld
 be wise to keep ! ,vick]s ,maxims "u   
y\r own special  comm&1 s t y c turn !m 
on to any portion ( ! advanc+  l9e :i*  
seems especially to ?reat5 y4 ,9 fact1 y
 %\ld look  on ^! z y\r res]ve4 ,hav+   
?us consid]$ ! situation1 y  %\ld issue 
! foll[+ ord]s3        8,fire fronts are

 allott$ z "u3       ,no4 #a ,platoon to
 ! "r ( ,f>m ,u4       ,no4 #b ,platoon 
f f>m ,u to ,y tree4       ,no4 #c      
,platoon f ,y tree to f>m ,w4       ,no4
 #d ,platoon to ! left ( f>m ,w40       
,ord] ,no4 #b4--8,ranges are be+        
asc]ta9$ f ! artill]y &  w be pass$ to  
platoon comm&]s4 ,platoon comm&]s c op5 
fire  at _! own discretion1 b mu/ be> 9 
m9d ! enorm\s importance  ( be+ ready 9 
all respects to use ! full p[] ( _! fire
  %\ld ! enemy succe$ 9 gett+ to close  
ranges4 ,! f\r ,vick]s  ,maxim guns w1  
"u my ord]s1 fire at any portion ( !    
enemy's  advance :i* appe>s to be       
especially ?reat5+40    ,! majority (   
regim5tal (fic]s n[ s]v+ d n at all     
appreciate ! enorm\s effect ( rifle &   
ma*9e-gun fire at m$ium  & long ranges1 
nor ! importance ( tak+ e /ep 9 _!  p[] 
to obta9 ! accurate ranges z soon z !y h
 tak5 up a  position4 ,! effect ( ! fire
 ( a fairly good company 9 su*          
circum/ances z ^? above depict$ & act+  
on ! above c>efully  consid]$ fire ord]s

 w\ld be enorm\s1 :]eas if ! fire fronts
  7 n prop]ly allott$ & if ranges 7     
unkn[n1 x w\ld be (  comp>atively little
 value4            ,y\r affectionate    
fa!r1                             8,x4  
,y4 ,z40          ,,lett] ,,xii         
,illu/ration                ,febru>y    
#bj1 #aiah4    ,,my ,,de> ,,dick1--     
,:at w\ld y d 9 ! foll[+ circum/ances8  
,a =ce is retir+ 9 a nor?-we/]ly        
direction4 ,! ,riv] ,lea %[n  on ! map  
is un=dable4 ,two companies are act+ z !
 po9t ( !  re>gu>d4 ,_! ord]s are to    
hold ! bridges at ,a & ,b4 ,!  bridge at
 ,b is to be held until #aj a4m4 & !    
bridge at ,a until  #aj4cj a4m4 ,if !y c
 hold out until ^! h\rs1 x is e/imat$ t 
x w enable ! ma9 body to get away       
unmole/$4 ,! trees %[n  on ! map are    
mo/ly oak1 & are on an av]age =ty feet  
high4 ,!  roads m>k$ on ! map are       
metall$ & good4 ,! f>m build+s at  ,d   
are /rong4 ,y are comm&+ ,b ,company (  
y\r battalion1 :i*  is at ,b bridge1 &  
are s5ior to ,capta9 ,a41 a reliable    

(fic]1  :o is occupy+ ,a tr5* j s\? ( ,a
 wood4 ,at #i4ae a4m4 two  sc\ts m\nt$  
on motor bicycles in=m y t !y h patroll$
  to ! front & t none ( ! enemy are )9  
?ree miles ( y  except a few companies  
ne> ,e1 :o are act+ z support to an     
attack  :i* is be+ made aga9/ ,a bridge4
 ,at #i4bj a4m4 y receive !  foll[+     
message f ,capta9 ,a41 dat$ #i a4m43    
8,please d :atev]  y c to support me4 ,i
 am be+ heavily %ell$1 & infantry are   
try+ to pu% across ,a bridge4 ,i fe> t  
!re is no *ance ( my  be+ able to hold  
out until #aj4cj a4m40    ,:at action   
w\ld y take8 ,/ate y\r reasons = ! mann]
 9 :i*  y w\ld act & !n def9itely say   
:at y int5d to d4      ,comm5ts on !    
,situation & ,action adjudg$ ,correct4  
,:at y %\ld always aim at is to obey !  
_s ( an ord] r  ?an its lett]4 ,y "k    
,capta9 ,a4 to be a reliable (fic]1 & he
  says t he fe>s t he _c hold out until 
#aj4cj4 ,if ! enemy  seize ,a tr5* be=e 
t h\r1 n only w y\r retreat be cut  (f1 
b ! object ( ord]+ ,a & ,b ,companies to

 hold ! bridges  s z to enable ! ma9    
body to get a good />t w be defeat$4  ,!
 ne>e/ ho/ile infantry to y1 at ,e1 is  
"s two miles (f1  t is to say1 "s =ty   
m9utes' m>*4 ,9 ! circum/ances x is  y\r
 duty to g to ! assi/ance ( ,a ,company4
 ,! next ?+ is to  consid] h[ y c be/   
help him to c>ry out 8 retirem5t & also 
h[ y c be/ prev5t ! enemy f foll[+ up   
y\r ma9 body4  ,if y 7 to m>* /raight to
 ,a wood1 x is d\btful :e!r y  w\ld help
 him v mat]ially4 ,! artill]y fir+ f !  
s\? (  ! riv] w\ld deal ) ! re9=cem5ts y
 br\ght up & plac$  9 ,a tr5*1 simil>ly 
to ! way x dealt ) ,b ,company4 ,by f>  
y\r bett] plan w be to m>* z quickly z  
possible to ,d wood  & occupy ! /rong   
build+s at ,d f>m4 ,f ! f>m build+s  y w
 be able to prev5t ! enemy m>*+ along ! 
road f ,a  to ,x1 & %\ld be able to     
comply ) ! _s ( ! ord]1 &  by ! delay y 
w ?us entail on ! enemy's movem5ts y w  
be  able to effect ! same purpose z if y
 _h actually prev5t$ him  f cross+ ,a   
bridge be=e #aj4cj4 ,y %\ld be able to  

hold on to  ,d f>m until artill]y are   
br\ght up to ,a wood1 & %\ld !n be  able
 to slip away along ! road ,b ,x4 ,)\t  
a]oplane obs]vation1  ho/ile artill]y   
c\ld n obs]ve ! effect ( _! fire f !    
,s4 ( ! riv]1 z trees int]cept _! view4 
,ord]s4    ,b ,company w at once m>* to 
,d wood & occupy ,d f>m4      ,ord] to  
,(fic] ,comm&+ ,a ,company4    ,i am    
m>*+ imm$iately to ,d f>m1 :i* ,i hope  
to rea* be=e  #aj a4m4 ,f ?is place ,i  
%all be 9 a position to facilitate y\r  
retreat & prev5t y\r be+ pursu$ f>!r ?an
 ,a wood4 ,y may  retire z soon z y see 
t ,i h e/abli%$ myself 9 ! f>m  build+s4
 ,hav+ accompli%$ ! object = :i* we h   
be5 s5t  out1 ,i %all cont9ue my        
retirem5t to ,x4           99       99  
99       99       99    ,^! twelve      
little s*emes ,i h set y are1 z ,i ?9k y
 w  admit1 all v simple1 b ,i am will+  
to wag] t y h n  answ]$ all ( !m        
correctly1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 only           
applications  ( ! axioms :i* ,i gave 9 !
 lett] :i* prec$$ !m4 ,!  difficulty is1

 9 ! heat ( ! mom5t1 to decide correctly
 :i* (  ! axioms deals ) ! special      
situation1 & no?+ b practice  w get ov] 
?is difficulty4    ,y %\ld always take e
 opportunity ( discuss+ ) y\r  comrades 
little tactical situations :i* h        
occurr$1 or ^? :i*  may occur4 ,9 talk+ 
ov] ! =m]1 d n d s ) ! object (  pass+  
c5sure1 b m]ely ) ! view ( le>n+ :at to 
d &  :at n to d %\ld y f9d y\rself 9 a  
simil> situation4    ,:5ev] y h an      
opportunity1 c>efully expla9 ! situation
  to y\r m54 ,?is is necess>y if y      
expect !m to co-op]ate  intellig5tly 9  
br++ ab\t y\r designs4    ,9 ! solution 
( any little s*eme :i* y may set to y\r 
subord9ates1 insi/ on def9ite ord]s be+ 
giv5 & d n be  cont5t ) vague           
disquisitions4 ,:5 any little problem   
:i* y  h set has be5 unsatisfactorily   
solv$1 let ano!r lead] fall  91 take    
comm&1 & d x aga9 prop]ly4 ,?is is ! be/
 way to  ensure ! prop] solution be+    
?or\ghly und]/ood & rememb]$  =         
application on a future occasion4 ,s    

long z y d n c5sure a  sup]ior 9 front (
 8 m51 x is a good ?+ to make y\r rem>ks
  9 su* a way t ev]ybody c he> !m4    ,y
 mu/ gu>d aga9/ te*nical in/ructors giv+
 wrong impressions4  ,! bomb+ s]geant is
 incl9$ to impress on ! m5 t !re is  no 
su* weapon z ! bomb4 ,! in/ructors 9 !  
rifle gr5ade &  ! ,lewis gun are also   
apt to talk s mu* ( ! value ( ! weapons 
9 :i* !y in/ruct t _! pupils come away )
 v false  ideas4 ,! ,lewis-gun s]geant1 
al?\gh he nev] fails to tell ! m5  t !  
,lewis gun c fire at ! rate ( #fjj r\nds
 a m9ute1 v  (t5 does =get to in=m !m t 
aft] fir+ #fjj r\nds x takes  tw5ty     
m9utes or half an h\r to cool be=e x is 
capable ( fir+  any m4 ,x is all v well 
= ^! m5 to be en?usia/s1 b y  mu/ see t 
!y abide /rictly by ! tru? & avoid giv+ 
false  impressions4    ,i w close ?is   
lett] ) a few rem>ks on ! moral =ces4 ,z
  ,napoleon said1 ^! are1 comp>$ ) !    
physical1 z ?ree is to  "o4 ,m5's c\rage
 & det]m9ation & ! w to conqu] are m    
?an half ! battle4 ,! situation to-day  

is no less s]i\s ?an x  0 :5 ,i end$ !  
la/ ( my ,twelve ,lett]s to y1 & x      
behoves  y to devote ! :ole ( y\r "t &  
y\r en]gy to mak+ y\rself  9 e way      
effici5t1 & y mu/ always be> 9 m9d t x  
is  possible t ! little action 9 ! w9n+ 
or los+ ( :i*  y\r "r or wrong decision 
may be ! pr9cipal factor may be !       
turn+-po9t ( a great battle4            
,y\r affectionate fa!r1                 
8,x4 ,y4 ,z40          ,transcrib]'s    
,notes      ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & 
spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a  pr$om9ant  
pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ?is book2 o!rwise !y 7
 n  *ang$4    ,simple typographical     
errors 7 correct$2 "o unbalanc$         
quotation  m>k 0 rem$i$4    ,ambigu\s   
hyph5s at ! ends ( l9es 7 reta9$4