,photo-engrav+1 ,photo-et*+1 & ,photo-li?ography 9 ,l9e & ,half-tone2 ,also ,collotype & ,heliotype2 ,by ,w4 ,t4 ,wilk9son1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ by ,edw>d ,l4 ,wilson4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,c4 ,moss1 ,pre/4 ,r4 ,b4 ,moss1 ,supt4 ,m4 ,a4 ,moss1 ,treasur]4 ,j4 ,e4 ,ramsey1 ,secret>y4 ,h4 ,a4 ,jackson1 ,as/4 ,secy4 ,moss ,engrav+ ,co4 #ece ,pe>l ,/41 ,new ,york ,illu/rations ( e ,description1 ,,= ,,books1 ,,newspap]s1 ,,circul>s1 c41 c4 ,s5d gre5 /amp = circul>4 ,s5d photograph1 draw+ or pr9t1 = e/imate4 our ,specialty4 ,f9e ,illu/rat$ ,circul>s by our ,moss-,type ,process4 ,illu/ration3 ,,specim5 ,,( 8,,moss-,,type0 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,,! ,,moss ,,engrav+ ,,co41 #ece ,,pe>l ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,specim5 ,,( 8,,moss-,,type0 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,,! ,,moss ,,engrav+ ,,co41 #ece ,,pe>l ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,specim5 ,,( 8,,moss-,,type0 ,,engrav$ ,,by ,,! ,,moss ,,engrav+ ,,co41 #ece ,,pe>l ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,,cram]1 ,,/4 ,,l\is4 ,,half-,,tone ,,z9c ,,et*+4 7,,mos/ype47 ,,f ,a ,,photograph4 ,,photo-,,engrav+1 ,,photo-,,et*+1 ,,& ,,photo-,,li?ography ,,9 ,,l9e ,,& ,,half-,,tone2 ,,also1 ,,collotype ,,& ,,heliotype4 ,,by ,w4 ,t4 ,,wilk9son1 ,,( ,,london4 ,,revis$ ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,by ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,wilson1 ,,editor ,,( 8,,! ,,philadelphia ,,photograph]10 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,wilson',s ,,photographics10 8,,wilson',s ,,qu>t] ,,c5tury ,,9 ,,photography10 8,,photographic ,,mosaics10 ,,etc4 ,,am]ican 7,,?ird7 ,,edition4 ,illu/ration ,! cam]a is mighti] ?an ! p5 or ! p5cil4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,wilson1 ,,no4 #hec ,,broadway4 #ahhh4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress 9 ! ye> #ahhh1 by ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,wilson1 ,9 ! (fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,illu/ration ,,preface4 ,! _m k9d lett]s ,i h receiv$ f ,am]ica ) reg>d to :at mu/ be call$ my fir/ crude ef=t at bookmak+1 prompt$ ! idea--aft] issu+ a second & revis$ edition 9 ,engl&--( mak+ an attempt to cat] = ! inhabitants ( ,great] ,brita91 :i*1 "u ! able editor%ip ( ,,mr4 ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,wilson w1 ,i h no d\bt1 meet ) approbation & be useful4 ,i h made _m important additions to ! la/ ,engli% edition4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,wilk9son4 ,,leice/]1 ,,engl&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,besides revis+ ! ,engli% edition & incorporat+ 9 prop] place su* additions z ,i h f\nd useful 9 practice1 ,i h boil$ d[n ! be/ po9ts f curr5t publications 9 ,france & ,g]many1 & add$ !m4 ,m /ill1 ) high reg>d = ! au?or1 ,i add *apt]s & p>ts f1 ! ,h&bu* d] ,*emigraphie und ,photo*emigraphie1 by ,mr4 ,j4 ,o4 ,mr*4 ,?us1 ,i believe1 ?is "w is made complete to date4 ,all ! re/ mu/ come to ! work]1 f indu/ri\s1 c>eful practice4 ,v rapid progress has be5 made 9 photo-reproductive processes dur+ ! pa/ two ye>s1 & improvem5ts are ann\nc$ almo/ weekly4 ,i invite all int]e/$ to keep me in=m$ ( :at !y discov]4 ,if ,i am suppli$ ) ! prop] addresses ,i %all publi% & di/ribute :at ,i le>n4 ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,wilson4 ,,new ,,york1 ,may1 #ahhh4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,! ,rev]s+ ,mirror 4 4 4 #aj ,! ,d>k-room 4 4 4 #be ,! ,plate-support 4 4 4 #cg ,! ,:irl] 4 4 4 #db ,! ,copy+ ,cam]a 4 4 4 #fg ,example ( ,z9c ,et*+ 7l[7 4 4 4 #hh ,example ( ,z9c ,et*+ 7high7 4 4 4 #ij ,example ( ,z9c ,et*+ 7r\nd7 4 4 4 #ib ,! ,calib]-bridge 4 4 4 #ic ,! ,sieve 4 4 4 #ih ,! ,heat+ ,lamp 4 4 4 #ih ,! ,wa%+ ,table 4 4 4 #ih ,example ( ,photo-engrav+ 4 4 4 #aag ,example ( ,half-tone ,engrav+ 4 4 4 #aah ,! ,du/+-box 4 4 4 #abd ,! ,transf]-bo>d 4 4 4 #ada ,! ,dry+-ov5 4 4 4 #afg ,support = ! ,dry+-ov5 4 4 4 #afh ,jacket = ! ,dry+-ov5 4 4 4 #afh ,copp] ,tank = ! ,dry+-ov5 4 4 4 #afh ,int]ior plan = ! ,dry+-ov5 4 4 4 #afi ,a ,new ,dry+-ov5 4 4 4 #agd ,! ,univ]sal ,copy+ ,ma*9e 4 4 4 #agh ,,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,photo-,,engrav+ ,,9 ,,l9e4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,appliances ,,= ,,mak+ ,,photographic ,,negatives 4 4 4 #i ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,wet ,,collodion ,,process 4 4 4 #aa ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,photographic ,,manipulations 4 4 4 #bd ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,app>atus ,,= ,,pr9t+ ,,^u ,,z9c 4 4 4 #ci ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,pr9t+ ,,on ,,z9c ,,9 ,,album5 4 4 4 #de ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,pr9t+ ,,on ,,z9c ,,9 ,,bitum5 4 4 4 #dh ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,direct ,,transf]s ,,to ,,z9c 4 4 4 #ea ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,et*+ ,,l9e ,,transf]s 4 4 4 #ee ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,photo-,,engrav+ ,,9 ,,half-,,tone4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,retrospective 4 4 4 #fc ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,mak+ ,,gra9$ ,,negatives 4 4 4 #fe ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,et*+ ,,9 ,,half-,,tone 4 4 4 #fi ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pr9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,block 4 4 4 #gb ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,transf] ,,( ,,! ,,draw+1 ,,& ,,its ,,treatm5t ,,be=e ,,et*+ 4 4 4 #gc ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,h9ts ,,f ,,all ,,s\rces 4 4 4 #id ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,photo-,,engrav+ ,,on ,,copp]4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,subjects ,,9 ,,l9e 4 4 4 #aai ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,half-,,tone ,,intaglios 4 4 4 #abb ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,half-,,tone ,,intaglios--7,cont9u$7 4 4 4 #abd ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,half-,,tone ,,intaglios4 ,,electrotyp+ ,,me?ods 4 4 4 #abg ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,photo-,,li?ography ,,9 ,,l9e4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,photo-,,li?ography ,,9 ,,l9e 4 4 4 #abi ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,pap] ,,transf]s 4 4 4 #acb ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,pap] ,,transf]s--7,cont9u$7 4 4 4 #acf ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,toovey',s ,,negative ,,transf] ,,process 4 4 4 #aci ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,photo-,,li?o4 ,,transf]s 4 4 4 #adj ,,"p ,v4 ,,photo-,,li?ography ,,9 ,,half-,,tone4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,photo-,,li?ography ,,9 ,,half-,,tone 4 4 4 #adc ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,ink ,,photos 4 4 4 #add ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,husb&',s ,,papyrot9t ,,process 4 4 4 #adg ,,"p ,,vi4 ,,collographic ,,pr9t+4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,half-,,tone ,,photographic ,,negatives 4 4 4 #aea ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,heliotype ,,process 4 4 4 #aeb ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,collotype ,,process 4 4 4 #afc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pr9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,collotype ,,plate 4 4 4 #aga ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,new ,,home ,,pr9t+ ,,process 4 4 4 #agh xv ,,introduction4 ,! improvem5ts made )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s 9 ! art ( pr9t+ books h n1 until rec5tly1 be5 kept pace ) by ! me?ods ( illu/ration4 ,wood engrav+1 except = high class & exp5sive editions1 0 crude1 :il/ ! use ( engrav+s f copp] or /eel1 or ( li?ographs1 0 also re/rict$ to %ort & exp5sive editions4 ,! introduction ( ! z9c-et*+ process1 9 :i* ! picture is fir/ drawn 9 l9e1 or /ipple1 or *alk1 ^u li?ographic transf] pap]1 !n transf]r$ to a plate ( z9c & subject$ to a process ( et*+ 9 v>i\s ba?s ( acid wat]1 m>ks a new era1 replete ) great improvem5ts 9 *eapness1 facility ( production1 & arti/ic results4 ,?is new process _h sc>cely be5 9 good work+ ord] be=e x 0 se5 t great improvem5ts might be made by enli/+ photography 9 its s]vice2 because 9 its orig9al =m x 0 necess>y t ! design be made ( ! same size z ! f9i%$ block1 :i*1 9 _m cases1 add$ too mu* to ! exp5se4 ,b by introduc+ photography1 ! size ( ! orig9al 0 ( no mom5t2 ! l5s c\ld easily r$uce t1 & at ! same "t pres]ve ! proportions1 z well z f9e d[n any crudity 9 ! draw+4 ,! fir/ me?ods ( produc+ a photo-transf]1 7 by mak+ a negative f ! orig9al1 !n pap] coat$ ) bi*romat$ gelat9e 0 expos$ "u ?is negative1 & ! s5sitive gelat9e1 correspond+ ) ! transp>5t portions ( ! negative 7repres5t+ ! l9es ( ! orig9al71 be+ expos$ to ! action ( light 0 made non-absorb5t ( wat]1 :il/ ! s5sitive gelat9e repres5t+ ! :ite portion ( ! orig9al be+ protect$ f ! action ( light by ! d>k portion ( ! negative1 /ill reta9$ its aff9ity = wat]4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t :5 a roll] *>g$ ) fatty ink 0 appli$ to ! wet pr9t1 ! expos$ portions ( ! gelat9e took ! ink1 b ! :ite portion be+ *>g$ ) wat] reject$ x1 ! result be+ a replica ( ! orig9al 9 a fatty ink4 ,?is 0 us$ z an ord9>y li?ographic transf] & c\ld be transf]r$ to z9c & et*$ 9 relief4 xvi ,su* a process 0 n p]fect1 & 0 n suitable = subjects :i* necess>ily %\ld be to scale4 ,s ! next improvem5t 0 to place a pla9 mirror betwe5 ! l5s & s5sitive plate1 s produc+ a negative 9 its prop] position z reg>ds "r & left2 !n f ?is rev]s$ negative a pr9t 9 fatty ink c\ld be made direct on ! z9c4 ,^! transf]s on pap]1 or direct pr9ts on ! z9c1 are re/rict$ entirely to :at are g5]ally t]m$ 8subjects 9 l9e10 su* z ar*itectural draw+s1 plans1 woodcuts1 engrav+s f /eel or copp] plates1 or li?ographs 9 pure l9e1 9 *alk1 or 9 /ipple4 ,! atta9m5t ( effect ( half tones by graduat$ works ( color1 ?9n] or ?ick]1 or ! smoo?1 delicate gradations ( a photograph1 are n p]missible 9 relief blocks ( ?is k9d1 al?\gh = %ort numb]s ?is class ( subject c\ld be utiliz$ by employ+ ! collotype1 heliotype1 or li*tdruck me?ods1 :i* r5d] ! half-tones )\t 7visible7 break+ up ( ! gradations4 ,! next /ep 0 to p]fect ! v>i\s 7publi%$ fir/ 9 #ahed by ,fox ,talbot7 me?ods ( me*anically break+ up ! half-tones ( a photograph1 & s giv+ a means :]eby a photograph 9 all its delicacy may be us$ to illu/rate a lett]-press article4 ,( c\rse1 dur+ ! progress ( r5d]+ photography applicable = relief blocks1 its usefulness = intaglio pr9t+ 0 n neglect$4 ,& n[ hav+ ent]$ into v close competition ) wood engrav+ & by modification ( ! collotype me?ods1 ) li?ography1 photography c n[ be us$ = ! production ( intaglio plates1 9 half-tones z well z 9 l9e4 ,! me?ods by :i* ! above results are atta9$ furni% ! text ( ! pages to foll[2 & z ea* & e me?od giv5 has be5 tri$ by ! au?or1 ! read] may be satisfi$ t ! manual is1 z claim$1 practical4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,wilk9son4 #i ,,photo-,,engrav+1 ,,et*+1 ,,& ,,li?ography4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,photo-,,engrav+ ,,9 ,,l9e4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,appliances ,,= ,,mak+ ,,photographic ,,negatives4 ,= all me?ods ( heliographic pr9t+ a suitable photographic negative is absolutely necess>y1 & to produce t negative good app>atus & pure *emicals1 us$ ) skill & intellig5ce1 are indisp5sable4 ,! /udio mu/ be well light$1 ) a p]fectly firm floor4 ,! d>k-room %\ld be kept = negative "w only 7! room :]e ! z9c pr9t+ is c>ri$ on be+ a sep>ate room74 ,!re mu/ be a roomy s9k 9 front ( a good-siz$ w9d[ cov]$ ) a non-act9ic m$ium 7yell[1 n orange71 su* z two ?icknesses ( gold5 fabric1 s z to h pl5ty ( light to see ! progress ( developm5t by4 ,! copy+ cam]a mu/ h a long bell[s & %\ld n be less ?an #ab by #aj1 fitt$ ) rack-"w1 s z to be able to get absolute %>pness 9 focuss+4 ,x w be a great advantage1 & aid 9 adju/+ ! position on ! focuss+ scre5 ( ! draw+s to be copi$1 if a v]tical l9e be drawn1 & ano!r horizontally1 s t !y bisect ea* o!r exactly 9 ! c5tre2 !n f ! c5tre1 m>k & numb] ea* in* & half in* ^u ea* ( ! f\r arms ( ! cross2 x c !n be se5 at a glance n only t ! picture is 9 ! c5tre1 b also t x is ab\t ! "r size4 #aj ,! d>k slide mu/ be light-tight1 & made /rong r ?an = portability4 ,! l5s %\ld be rectil9e>1 & %\ld be capable ( cov]+ ! l>ge/ size plate ! cam]a w take q %>p to ! corn]s4 ,= a #ab by #aj plate a l5s ) an equival5t focus ( ab\t #ah in*es w be be/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,to ! l5s mu/ be fitt$ a rev]s+ mirror ( silv]$ glass1 m\nt$ beh9d ! l5s by pref]5ce1 z su* a /yle ( m\nt+ n only protects ! surface ( ! mirror f ! air1 b keeps extrane\s light f affect+ ! brilliancy ( ! image4 7,fig4 #a47 ,! cam]a mu/ be m\nt$ ^u a solid table fix$ ^u small groov$ or flang$ :eels1 su* :eels runn+ ei!r ^u rails fix$ ^u or 9 grooves cut into ! floor1 at "r angles to ! wall aga9/ :i* ! copy+ bo>d is fitt$4 ,! copy+ easel is plac$ p]p5dicul>ly 9 front (1 & p]fectly p>allel )1 ! cam]a4 ,z a mirror is us$1 ! cam]a is sideways to ! object1 n fac+ x1 z 9 copy+ direct4 ,! easel %\ld be s contriv$ t x c be rais$ or l[]$1 & mov$ "r & left1 :i* d\ble motion is manag$ by hav+ ! easel d\ble2 ! up & d[n motion %\ld be obta9$ by hang+ ! back portion l a w9d[ sa%1 ! weights be+ exactly ! weight ( ! :ole easel1 & ! pulleys ov] :i* ! cords g1 n runn+ too freely4 ,at ! top & bottom ( ! back portions ( ! easel are project+ /rips ) a rabbet deep en\gh to all[ ! front or copy+ bo>d to slide sideways1 b n loosely2 ?is front bo>d %\ld be pa9t$ a dead black ) :ite l9es 9 ! c5tre f top to bottom & f side to side1 said l9es be+ divid$ into in*es & half in*es1 f ! c5tre1 s t ! draw+ may be p9n$ 9 ! exact c5tre )\t tr\ble4 ,a conv5i5t size = a copy+ bo>d is #d feet high by #e feet wide4 ,9 connection ) ! cam]a1 ! only ?+ left to describe is ! focuss+ clo?1 :i* %\ld be q opaque1 & ( ample size to exclude all extrane\s light f beh9d :5 focuss+4 ,= focuss+ ! image absolutely %>p1 a magnify+ glass may be requir$4 #aa ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,wet ,,collodion ,,process4 ,,! ,,collodion4 ,alcohol #cj ounces4 ,e!r #dj ounces4 ,s*]+'s ,celloid999 #a-a_/b cakes4 99 ,hance's ,d4 ,c4 gun-cotton may be us$ in/ead ( ! celloid94 ,cut ! celloid9 into ?9 /rips1 or1 if x be h>d1 break x up 9 a clean mort>1 & dissolve 9 ! above mixture ( alcohol & e!r4 ,:5 dissolv$1 ?is =ms ! collodion4 ,,! ,,iodiz] is compos$ (3 ,bromide ( ,z9c #aej gra9s4 ,iodide ( ,z9c #cej gra9s4 ,alcohol #aj ounces4 ,:5 ! salts are dissolv$1 filt] & add to ! collodion4 ,! filt]+ is be/ done by plac+ a pl$get ( cotton-wool 9 ! neck ( a glass funnel & pass+ ! iodiz] ?r\gh x4 ,to prev5t evaporation1 lay a glass plate ov] ! funnel4 ,! iodiz] be+ add$ to ! collodion1 %ake !m up ?or\ghly & all[ to /& = a week to settle1 !n decant into conv5i5t bottles2 ?is collodion is ready = use 9 a week1 b w improve ) age up to six mon?s1 aft] :i* "t x %\ld be mix$ ) new4 ,:5 coat+ plates ) collodion1 x is n a wise plan to p\r ! surplus f ! plate back into ! bottle f :i* x 0 p\r$4 ,p\r x into ano!r1 kept h&y = ! purpose1 ! cont5ts ( :i*1 at ! end ( ! day's "w1 empty into ! /ock bottle aft] su* a quantity z is suffici5t = next day's consumption has be5 decant$ into ! p\r]4 ,! be/ bottle f :i* to p\r ! collodion ^u ! plate is ! tall capp$ bottle sold by ! deal]s z collodion p\r]s4 #ab ,,! ,,nitrate ,,( ,,silv] ,,ba? 7#a74 ,! silv] ba? is a mo/ important factor 9 ! production ( good negatives4 ,x mu/ be comp\nd$ ) c>e & us$ ) skill4 ,to make x1 dissolve #f ounces ( nitrate ( silv] 9 #aj ounces ( wat]1 !n add #aj drops ( collodion1 & %ake up well2 !n add #gj ounces ( wat]1 & let x /& all night2 !n filt] ?r\gh a pl$get ( cotton-wool pack$ loosely 9 ! neck ( a glass funnel1 into a clean bottle or jug2 !n add #a dra*m ( nitric acid & let /& all night be=e try+4 ,su* bottle or jug1 & also ! glass funnel1 mu/ be kept solely = use ) ! silv] ba?4 ,! ba? hold] may be an upright vessel ( ! ord9>y patt]n1 ) a dipp] ) :i* to l[] ! plate into ! solution2 or x may be a flat di% ) a cov] to keep out light & du/1 us+ a silv] hook to lift ! plate f ! solution2 if ! =m] %ape be *os51 let ! dipp] be ( glass1 porcela91 silv] wire1 or ( wood soak$ 9 melt$ p>aff9e1 b on no acc\nt ( ebonite1 z su* a dipp] w cause spots1 & d]ange ! ba? soon] or lat]4 ,if a flat di% be us$1 ! be/ =m is ( wood l9$ ) asphaltum1 hang+ on a cradle1 ! l[] end be+ a well to hold ! solution2 9 ?is =m ( ba? ! plate1 aft] s5sitiz+1 is dra9$ ?or\ghly be=e tak+ x out4 ,?is is a great conv5i5ce1 z n only is silv] solution sav$1 b ! d>k slide w la/ mu* long]4 ,! ba? solution made up z above w be ! "r /r5g? = "w1 b z e plate s5sitiz$ !re91 takes away its modicum ( silv]1 aft] a c]ta9 "t x mu/ be /r5g!n$1 z x is ess5tial = ! production ( good "w t ! solution be kept at a prop] /r5g?4 ,! be/ way ( do+ ?is is to add a dra*m or two ( saturat$ solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 aft] ea* day's "w has be5 done1 & if ! solution be work$ 9 a flat ba?1 x w be z well to p\r x into a jug & filt] x be=e us+ aga92 ) an upright hold]1 ?is filt]+ w only require to be done ab\t once or twice a week1 z any p>ticles ( du/1 etc41 subside & h n ! same *ance ( fall+ ^u ! film z 9 a flat ba?2 b ! addition ( ! silv] solution %\ld be made1 & ! solution well /irr$ up ) ! dipp]4 ,9 c\rse ( "t a silv] ba? w become contam9at$ ) organic matt] f v>i\s causes1 & c also be sup]saturat$ ) e!r & alcohol--) iodo-bromo or nitrate ( z9c1 & w ei!r refuse to "w1 or only #ac yield imp]fect films & ?9 images4 ,9 su* cases ! be/ plan w be to take #bj ounces ( ! solution1 dilute x ) clean wat] #fj ounces1 filt]1 & add #f ounces ( nitrate ( silv]1 & aga9 filt]1 :5 a new ba? w be ! result4 ,! silv] 9 ! reject$ portion ( ! old ba? %\ld be precipitat$ z a *loride1 by ! addition ( a solution ( common salt1 ! precipitate dri$ & s5t to a ref9]1 toge!r ) ! a%es ( ! filt]+ pap]s & blott+-pap] us$ to dra9 ! plates ^u1 or to wipe ! backs ( ! plates aft] leav+ ! ba? & be=e putt+ !m into ! d>k slide4 ,! silv] solution nam$ above1 is suitable = negatives ( subjects 9 l9e1 b = ! production ( negatives ) delicate half tones1 su* z portraits1 l&scapes1 or ( ! _m subjects :i* are photograph$ direct1 !n x w be necess>y to provide ano!r ba? solution1 made & manag$ 9 ! same way1 b only conta9+ suffici5t nitric acid to j r$d5 litmus pap]1 z a ba? gives ! f9e/ half-tones :5 ne>ly neutral1 or only slightly acid4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! deepe/ %ad[s are repres5t$ by cle> glass 9 ! negative1 to insure :i* w\ld be impossible ) ! silv] solution incl9+ ev] s slightly t[>d alkal9ity4 ,! nitrate ( silv] ba? may be made up ) di/ill$ wat]1 if pure--t is1 if ! wat] is bona fide di/ill$ & n m]ely f wa/e /eam2 if ?is _c be gu>ante$1 ! be/ plan w be to get a gallon ( tap wat]1 dissolve 9 x "o ounce ( nitrate ( silv]1 !n add saturat$ solution ( bic>bonate ( soda1 until an alkal9e reaction to litmus pap] takes place1 !n place ! lot 9 :ite glass bottles1 & expose to ! action ( light = ?ree or f\r days4 ,dur+ t "t ! solution w1 fir/ ( all1 turn black1 & !n w gradually become q cle>1 ! organic matt]--:i* if n remov$1 w\ld h caus$ tr\ble--fall+ 9 a black mass to ! bottom4 ,n[ filt] ! purifi$ wat] & use x = comp\nd+ ! nitrate ( silv] ba?1 b d n use x = any o!r purpose4 ,! /r5g? ( a nitrate ( silv] ba?1 = l9e "w1 %\ld be ?irty gra9s ( nitrate ( silv] to ea* ounce ( wat]1 & %\ld n be all[$ to fall bel[ tw5ty-five2 & = half-tone negatives1 nitrate ( silv] %\ld be ?irty-five1 & n l[] ?an ?irty gra9s to ! ounce4 ,be sure to keep all funnels1 bottles1 & di%es us$ = ! silv] ba?1 sep>ate & di/9ct f all o!rs1 & nev] use !m = any o!r purpose4 #ad ,,! ,,nitrate ,,( ,,silv] ,,ba? 7#b74 ,9 ! anci5t days ( photography1 :51 to say x 0 possible to prep>e a dry plate ne>ly z s5sitive z a wet collodion plate1 0 to excite ! risible faculties ( ! audi5ce1 ! above head+ might almo/ always be se5 9 ! j\rnals1 & ! am\nt ( matt] writt5 "u t head+ w\ld fill _m good-siz$ volumes4 ,"s writ]s w5t into ! subject 9 a v elaborate mann]1 :il/ o!rs w\ld c\nsel v simple me?ods ( prep>ation & managem5t4 ,! directions giv5 above = mak+ a ba? solution = l9e negatives1 w1 if c>ri$ out c>efully & cleanly1 at once yield a solution giv+ good negatives4 ,aft] ! ba? has be5 mix$1 ei!r ) di/ill$ wat]1 ord9>y tap wat] 79 iron di/ricts tap wat] %\ld n be us$71 or wat] t has be5 sunn$ & filt]$1 z soon z ! bulk has be5 made up to ! eighty ounces1 ! solution %\ld be put away all night be=e x is tri$1 !n 9 ! morn+ filt] x c>efully ?r\gh a pl$get ( cotton-wool /uff$ loosely 9 ! neck ( a p]fectly clean funnel1 into a p]fectly clean bottle or jug1 :i* mu/ be kept entirely = use ( ! silv] solution4 ,:5 ! ba? solution has be5 filt]$ x %\ld be p]fectly cle>2 if x is at all cl\dy or turbid1 ! filtration mu/ be repeat$4 ,:5 ! solution is p]fectly cle> & bright1 p\r suffici5t into a p]fectly clean porcela91 glass1 or papi]-ma* di%1 !n take a clean plate 7poli%$1 or album5iz$7 & coat x ) collodion2 close ! door ( ! d>k-room1 & :5 ! film ( collodion is p]fectly set1 raise "o end ( ! di% conta9+ ! silv] solution1 place "o edge ( ! collodioniz$ plate aga9/ ! bottom ( ! upp] edge ( ! di%1 !n drop ! plate ^u ! bottom ( ! di%1 & at ! same "t l[] ! di%2 by ?is means ! silv] solution w fl[ 9 an ev5 wave ov] ! surface ( ! collodioniz$ plate2 n[ place ! cov] on ! di% s z to exclude light & du/1 & all[ ! plate to rema9 9 ! solution = five m9utes1 !n ) a silv] hook lift ! plate f ! solution1 & all[ x to dra9 7rememb] t no light mu/ get into ! d>k-room except :at is filt]$ ?r\gh ei!r two ?icknesses ( gold5 fabric1 or "o ( can>y m$ium72 :5 ! plate has dra9$ s t no solution drips f x1 place x into ! c>ri] ( ! d>k slide2 !n close ! d>k slide & let x rema9 !re = five m9utes1 at ! end ( :i* "t remove ! plate to ! s9k1 & flood x ) suffici5t develop] 7page #ag7 to j cov] ! film2 keep ?is solution fl[+1 to & fro1 ov] ! #ae plate = ! space ( two m9utes1 !n wa% x "u ! tap until ! surface is no long] greasy2 !n apply ! fix+ or cle>+ solution 7page #ag7 until ! :ole ( ! yell[ bromo-iodide is dissolv$ away2 aga9 wa%1 & take ! plate into ! daylight4 ,n[ comes ! te/2 if ! film is p]fectly transp>5t1 & cle> z ! glass itself1 ! ba? is all "r2 b if !re is ! slighte/ deposit 7:i* c be remov$ by lightly rubb+ ! f+] along ! surface ( ! film71 !n ! solution w require ! addition ( a little nitric acid4 ,aft] ?is /ir x well1 & aft] a re/ ( an h\r or two try aga91 repeat ! addition ( ! nitric acid1 & try a plate2 repeat until ! film1 aft] develop+1 wa%+1 & fix+1 is p]fectly cle>1 & free f deposit & fog4 ,! ba? is n[ 9 prop] work+ ord]1 & if re9=c$ aft] ea* day's "w ) a suffici5t quantity ( saturat$ solution ( nitrate ( silv] 7filt]$71 kept free f contam9ation ) o!r *emicals1 & c>efully filt]$ occasionally1 x w rema9 9 good work+ ord] = at lea/ six mon?s1 & !n may be r5ew$ by treat+ z direct$ on page #ab4 ,x w sometimes happ51 not)/&+ t extreme c>e & cleanl9ess is ex]cis$ 9 ! managem5t ( ! ba?1 t x w n "w prop]ly1 & ! reason :y _c easily be discov]$4 ,9 su* a case1 /eps mu/ be tak5 to put ! solution into work+ ord]4 ,9 ! case ( rectify+ a disord]$ ba?1 !re are _m me?ods ( proc$ure1 b ! simple/1 &1 z a rule1 ! mo/ c]ta9 me?od1 is to r5d] ! solution alkal9e by ! addition ( liquor ammonia1 add+ ! ammonia a little at a "t2 !n1 aft] well %ak+1 te/ x ) r$ litmus pap] & cont9ue ! addition ( ammonia until ! r$ litmus pap] is turn$ blue4 ,9 ?is alkal9e condition ! solution %\ld be p\r$ into a l>ge flat di%1 & expos$ to ! action ( ! sun4 ,t w spe$ily r$uce & ?r[ d[n 9 ! =m ( a black precipitate1 any organic matt] t may be 9 ! ba?1 & at ! same "t ! heat ( ! sun w cause evaporation ( ! e!r & alcohol left 9 ! solution by ! collodion plates4 ,! ba? solution %\ld be expos$ to ! sun = two or ?ree days1 or until su* "t z suffices to r5d] ! solution cle>1 & ! precipitate entirely sep>at$ out4 ,b ?is _c take place unless ! solution is decid$ly alkal9e1 ! pres5ce ( acid /opp+ ! action ( light4 ,d n be 9 a hurry ab\t doctor+ a ba? solution 79 fact1 x w be f> be/ to h two solutions1 "o 9 use & "o ei!r re/+ or be+ doctor$71 b give ! light pl5ty ( "t to r$uce ! organic matt]1 & also to #af volatilize ! e!r & alcohol2 !n filt] ! solution ?r\gh filt]+ pap] 7don't use blott+-pap]71 z if x is attempt$ to filt] ?r\gh a pl$get ( cotton-wool ! f9e precipitate ( organic matt] quickly clogs ! wool & /ops ! filt]+4 ,! doctor$ solution be+ filt]$1 te/ x ) a piece ( p]fectly fre%1 blue litmus pap]1 & add nitric acid1 drop by drop--%ak+ well betwe5 ! additions ( acid--until ! blue litmus pap] j turns r$4 ,d n add acid suffici5t to make ! litmus turn viol5tly r$1 unless ! ba? is = l9e negatives1 z a ba? = half-tone negatives mu/ be only j acid1 :]eas a ba? = l9e "w mu/ conta9 m acid4 ,if ! color ( ! litmus pap] %[s t ! alkali has be5 neutraliz$1 a plate is collodioniz$1 !n imm]s$ 9 ! ba? = five m9utes1 !n dra9$1 & plac$ 9 ! d>k slide1 or 9 a d>k box = five m9utes1 !n flood$ ) ! iron develop] 7page #ag72 if1 ^u ! application ( ?is ! film %\ld turn black1 add m nitric acid1 /ir up ?or\ghly1 !n try aga91 repeat+ ! trials until1 ^u fix+ ! plate ) ! solution ( cyanide ( potassium1 ! film ( collodion is left ^u ! glass plate z cle> z x 0 be=e x 0 imm]s$ 9 ! silv] ba?4 ,a little above "h x is /at$ t less nitric acid is requir$ 9 ! ba? = half-tone negatives ?an = l9e "w1 & ! "q may well be ask$ :]e may ! l9e be drawn8 ,! reply is t1 = half-tone "w1 a piece ( blue litmus pap] %\ld1 ^u imm]sion into ! solution1 turn r$ v sl[ly1 b :5 ! ba? is requir$ = l9e negatives ! blue litmus may at once indicate ! pres5ce ( acid4 ,aft] a ba? solution has be5 r5ovat$ 9 ! above mann]1 x %\ld be te/$ = /r5g?1 ei!r by ! volumetric me?od 7by pref]5ce71 or by means ( ! ord9>y arg5tomet] sold by ! deal]s1 &1 if1 aft] te/+1 ! /r5g? is %[n to be too great1 dilute ) a suffici5cy ( sunn$ wat] 7page #ac72 & if n suffici5tly /rong1 add cry/als ( nitrate ( silv] to make up ! /r5g? to ?irty or ?irty-five gra9s p] ounce4 ,a ba? solution r5ovat$ z above1 w g5]ally be f\nd to "w clean]1 & yield bright] negatives ?an a new solution1 & x w also1 if c>efully us$1 la/ long]2 b x mu/ be kept up to a prop] work+ /r5g? by ! occasional addition ( a little ( a saturat$ solution ( nitrate ( silv]4 ,! fact t ! /r5g? ( ! silv] solution has got too l[ is %[n by ! pres5ce ( semi-opaque1 fanta/ic m>k+s ne> ! ?ick edge ( ! collodion film1 & also 9 conjunction ) ! pres5ce ( organic matt] 9 #ag ! deposition "u ! surface ( ! film ( an extremely f9e s&-l deposit1 :i*1 9 ! fix$ negative1 develops into myriads ( p9holes 9 ! d5se/ portions ( ! image4 ,,! ,,develop+ ,,solution4 ,fir/ pur*ase sev5 p\nds ( comm]cial sulphate ( iron 7copp]as7 & put ?is into a gallon jug1 & fill x up ) boil+ wat] 7clean72 /ir ) a clean rod at %ort int]vals = ?ree or f\r h\rs1 !n all[ to /& until ! s$im5t settles1 & ! top portion ( ! solution is cle> & bright2 !n decant z mu* z possible into a bottle or bottles1 & label 8,saturat$ ,solution ( ,iron40 ,!n aga9 fill up ! j> ) boil+ wat]1 /ir until z mu* z possible is dissolv$1 s z to be ready by ! "t ! /ock 9 ! bottle is exhau/$1 & repeat ! process until all ! cry/als are dissolv$2 !n wa% out ! j>1 reject ! residue1 & beg9 aga94 ,b be> 9 m9d t1 unless !re are cry/als left 9 ! solution aft] ea* addition ( hot wat]1 x w n be saturat$2 !re=e1 be=e tak+ ! solution into use1 be sure !re are undissolv$ cry/als 9 ! j>4 ,= use1 take ( ,saturat$ ,solution ( ,iron #aj ounces4 ,acetic ,acid #d ounces4 ,wat] #gj ounces4 ,alcohol #a ounce to #e z requir$4 ,9 ! above solution1 ! alcohol is add$ to enable ! develop] to readily assimilate ) ! s5sitive film1 & ! quantity requisite v>ies ) ! age ( ! silv] ba?1 or1 to be m correct1 ) ! quantity ( plates s5sitiz$ !re94 ,at fir/1 little or no alcohol w be requir$1 b aft] a numb] ( plates h be5 s5sitiz$ ! develop] refuses to fl[ ev5ly1 & seems dispos$ to run ov] ! edges ( ! plate2 ?is is a sign t m alcohol is requir$1 & :5 m has be5 add$ ! develop] w fl[ ev5ly z be=e2 b :5 #hj ounces ( develop] require ov] #d ounces ( alcohol to make x fl[1 x is a pretty sure sign t ! ba? wants remak+4 ,! develop] is appli$ to ! plate aft] exposure1 f a /raight-lipp$ cup1 or glass measure1 :i* %\ld be kept = ! exclusive use ( ?is solution1 z ! mixture ( any ( ! o!r solutions ) x w at once c\nt]act its work+ p[]4 #ah ,,! ,,fix+ ,,or ,,cle>+ ,,solution4 ,cyanide ( ,potassium #c ounces4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,?is solution is highly poison\s1 bo? 9 solution & vapor1 s x ought to be kept 9 an upright hold]1 ! plate be+ l[]$ into ! solution on a dipp]2 keep ! solution well cov]$ up1 s z to prev5t evaporation z mu* z possible4 ,aft] be+ 9 use a %ort "t ?is solution w become weak & %\ld be /r5g!n$ by ! addition 9 ! ev5+ ( a lump or two ( cyanide & !n /irr$ up ) ! dipp] 9 ! morn+2 ! negative mu/ n be left 9 ?is solution too long or ! d5sity ( ! film w be impair$1 b mu/ be remov$ & well wa%$ directly all ! yell[ iodide has be5 dissolv$4 ,,! ,,int5sifi]4 ,no4 #a4 ,wat] #hj ounces4 ,*loride ( ,ammonium #b ounces4 dissolve1 !n add3 ,bi*loride ( ,m]cury #b ounces4 dissolve1 & filt]4 ,no4 #b4 ,liquor ,ammonia #j4hhj #e ounces4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,solution ,no4 #a is be/ kept 9 an upright hold]1 z if kept 9 a flat di% !re is always ! dang] ( cutt+ ! sk9 ) ! glass plate & gett+ ! m]curial poison into ! sy/em4 ,no4 #b is kept 9 a well-/opp]$ bottle & only suffici5t = ea* plate )drawn z requir$4 ,ano!r me?od ( int5sify+1 = ^? :o object to ! use ( m]cury1 is to blea* ! negative 9 a solution ( ,f]ridcyanide ( ,potassium 7,r$ ,prussiate ( ,pota%7 #f p>ts4 ,nitrate ( ,lead #d p>ts4 ,wat] #hj p>ts4 dissolve & filt]4 #ai ,:5 ! plate is blea*$1 wa% x ?or\ghly "u ! tap1 tak+ c>e t ! edges & corn]s ( ! film z well z ! c5tre are wa%$1 !n flood x ) a suffici5t quantity ( ,nitric ,acid #a ounce4 ,wat] #hj ounces4 ,all[ ?is to rema9 on a few seconds1 !n wa%1 & flood ) a suffici5t quantity ( ,sulphide ( ,ammonium #a "p4 ,wat] #e p>ts4 :i* w at once turn ! film an int5se black2 aga9 wa%1 & flood ) ! nitric acid solution1 & aga9 wa%2 !n ! negative is all[$ to dry4 ,?is me?od ( int5sify+ is *eap] ?an ! o!r1 & if ! wa%es ( acid betwe5 & aft] ! o!r two solutions are c>efully done1 & ! /5* ( ! sulphide is n object$ to1 !n !re is little or no diff]5ce 9 ! results2 b if ! acid wa%es are omitt$ or 7&7 ! sulphide has n be5 kept cork$1 & is consequ5tly n fre%1 !n !re is great dang] ( a br[n /a9 ^u ! l9es1 :i* is m or less fatal to gett+ a good pr9t on z9c4 ,= half-tone negatives1 in/ead ( fix+ or cle>+ ) ! cyanide ( potassium1 ! develop] is wa%$ (f directly1 & !n !y are int5sifi$ at once by ! application ( a mixture ( pyrogallic acid1 citric acid1 & nitrate ( silv]1 z foll[s3 ,no4 #a ,solution ( ,pyrogallic ,acid #dj gra9s4 ,citric ,acid #cj gra9s4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,z mu* ( ?is solution z w cov] ! wa%$ plate is put into a small cup1 & fl[$ all ov] ! film1 !n return$ to ! cup1 & a few drops ( ,nitrate ( ,silv] #cj gra9s4 ,wat] #a ounce4 is add$4 ,!n ! mixture is p\r$ ov] ! film1 & rock$ to & fro = a %ort "t2 ! int5sifi] is !n return$ to ! cup1 ! negative held up to ! light1 & exam9$1 & if n int5se en\gh1 ! int5sifi] is aga9 appli$4 ,great c>e is requisite at ?is /age1 z if ! process be c>ri$ on too #bj f> ! negative w be too int5se1 & w ei!r be spoil$1 or take an abnormal "t to pr9t2 practice & obs]vation are ! only guides to success4 ,! gr& rules = half-tone negatives are1 collodion free f du/1 ! glass plate clean1 ! ba? at its full /r5g? & 9 good work+ ord]1 prop] "t all[$ ! plate 9 ! s5sitiz+ ba?1 well dra9$1 aft]w>d a good exposure1 develop until all details are out1 !n wa% ?or\ghly1 int5sify ) judgm5t1 wa% well1 fix1 & aga9 well wa%1 & !n1 b nev] till !n1 op5 ! d>k-room door & exam9e y\r new negative by daylight4 ,9 mak+ ! collodion1 soak ! celloid9 9 ! e!r = ab\t twelve h\rs be=e add+ ! alcohol2 be sure ! e!r is at lea/ #j4gbe specific gravity1 & t ! alcohol is v clean1 & free f gum4 ,aft] mix+ ! collodion & iodiz]1 %ake up well1 b d n d ?is be=e decant+4 ,always decant suffici5t = next day's use1 into ! bottle us$ = p\r+1 ov] night1 s t x gets a *ance to settle1 & all[s ! air-bubbles to escape4 ,keep ! collodion 9 z cool a place z possible1 & 9 decant+ x be v c>eful to d x away f fire1 or light$ gas or p>aff9e1 especially :]e flame is bel[ ! bottle1 z e!r vapor does n rise1 b falls4 ,9 hot wea!r & dur+ long exposures1 wet plates are v prone to h a peculi> /a9 ^u !m1 call$ oy/]-%ell m>k+s1 ! rem$ies = :i* are c>eful dra9+ be=e putt+ !m into ! slide1 & cov]+ ! bottom ( ! c>ri] ) clean filt]+ pap]1 s t ! silv] solution1 on dra9+ d[n1 is absorb$ by ! bibul\s pap] in/ead ( go+ back up ! plate by capill>y attraction4 ,9 hot wea!r ! back ( ! plate1 :5 put into ! d>k slide1 %\ld be cov]$ ) a wet piece ( r$ blott+ pap]1 or orange calico1 b n :ite2 a wet clo? laid 9 ! cam]a w also t5d to keep ! plate moi/4 ,^! precautions1 h[ev]1 are n requir$ unless ! exposure is likely to exce$ a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,,protect+ ,,! ,,collodion ,,film4 ,a collodion film1 :5 dry1 is v delicate1 &1 except = l9e "w 9 ! h&s ( an exp]t1 w require protect+4 ,?is is usually done by slightly w>m+ x 7:5 q dry7 9 front ( a fire1 & !n p\r+ ov] a suffici5t quantity ( ?9 _s v>ni%4 ,aft] ! sup]flu\s v>ni% is well dra9$ (f1 dry by aga9 hold+ x 9 front ( ! fire4 ,! _s #ba v>ni% answ]s p]fectly = ord9>y "w1 b = pr9t+ ^u metal = relief blocks1 or ^u glass = collotypes1 x w be be/ to use a b5zole v>ni%1 su* z is sold by deal]s = protect+ ! films ( glass positives or f]rotype pictures4 ,an?ony's 8diamond0 v>ni% is good4 ,b ! be/ plan ( all is to use a wat] v>ni%1 made by dissolv+ half an ounce ( borax 9 a qu>t ( boil+ wat]1 !n add+ a few pieces at a "t 7/irr+ mean:ile71 "o p\nd ( ord9>y %ellac2 if ! quantity ( borax nam$ does n suffice to make all ! %ellac dissolve1 add m1 a gra9 at a "t1 until ! %ellac is dissolv$2 !n add half an ounce ( :ite sug>1 cool & filt] x4 ,:5 ! negative is wa%$ = ! la/ "t1 all[ x to dra91 !n flood ) ! above solution1 & let x dry4 ,?is w be f\nd a quick]1 clean]1 & m satisfactory me?od ( protect+ ! delicate film ?an ) ! _s v>ni%4 ,,! ,,glass ,,plate4 ,! glass us$ z a support = ! collodion film %\ld be ?9 flatt$ cr[n ( ! be/ quality1 = ! negatives1 z a rule1 are n requir$ aga9 aft] once ! z9c is et*$1 s t ! film may be wa%$ (f1 & ! glass us$ aga91 :i* _c be done s (t5 if ! glass be ( bad quality2 flatness is a s9e qua non1 z x has to be subject$ to heavy pressure betwe5 a z9c plate & ! front glass ( a pr9t+ frame4 ,z a good & suitable negative is ! f\ndation ( success 9 ! subsequ5t processes1 s is a prop]ly clean$ glass plate ! f\ndation ( a successful negative2 unless ! glass is *emically clean1 ! collodion film w ei!r be /a9$ or m>k$1 or x w split (f 9 dry+1 !re=e c>e & att5tion are requisite2 ev5 9 prep>+ a piece ( glass = ! reception ( ! film ( collodion c>e is especially requisite1 z ! want ( x _c be se5 until aft] all ! op]ations1 !re=e ! labor & "t are n ?r[n away4 ,!re are two me?ods ( clean+ ! glass plate3 "o q me*anical2 ! o!r is a mixture ( ! me*anical & ! *emical4 ,bo? are good4 ,! second is p]haps ! be/1 z x is simple & m c]ta94 ,9 ! fir/ me?od ! glass1 :5 new1 m]ely requires poli%+ ) clean wa% lea!r kept = ?is purpose4 ,! be/ way ( do+ ?is is on a flat bo>d #bd by #ah in*es1 or !reab\ts1 #bb cov]$ ) good ,am]ican oil-clo?1 glaz$ side out4 ,a plate laid ^u ?is w n slip ab\t :5 be+ poli%$4 ,bo? sides & edges ( ! plate mu/ be well clean$1 z "o ( ! mo/ prolific causes ( d]angem5t ( ! silv] ba? is f organic matt] introduc$ by imp]fectly clean$ glass plates4 ,"o side ( ! plate1 if g5tly rubb$ ) ! ?umb nail1 w be f\nd smoo!r ?an ! o!r1 & is ! suitable side = ! support ( ! collodion film2 ?is side is poli%$ ) ! lea!r until1 ^u brea?+ g5tly ^u x1 ! film ( moi/ure is q free f m>ks or /reaks1 n only 9 ! c5tre b at ! sides & corn]s4 ,x is absolutely necess>y t ! plate be *emically clean all ov]1 else ! film ( collodion1 ^u dry+1 w split1 & ! negative be spoilt4 ,:5 ! plate is clean1 an edg+ ( ,india-rubb] dissolv$ 9 b5zole1 ab\t an eigh? ( an in* wide1 is run all r\nd ! edge1 by means ( a small camel's-hair bru% ti$ to a /ick1 ! end ( ! /ick be+ level ) ! po9t ( ! bru%4 ,! /ick acts z a gu>d aga9/ ! bru% go+ too f> f ! edge4 ,9 ! second me?od1 ! new glass plate is soak$ an h\r or two 9 a mixture ( #e ounces ( common spirits ( salt 7hydro*loric acid7 9 #hj ounces ( wat]4 ,aft] bo? sides ( ! plate are rubb$ ) a rag1 & well wa%$ "u ! tap1 x is put 9 a di% ( clean wat]4 ,:5 all ! plates h be5 s treat$1 !y are tak5 out s+ly1 aga9 well rubb$ on bo? sides ) ano!r rag1 & well wa%$2 !n ! smoo!/ side hav+ be5 select$1 x is twice flood$ ) a mixture ( album5 & wat]1 dra9+ ! surplus into ! s9k ea* "t ( flood+4 ,! plate is !n plac$ ^u a rack to dra9 & dry2 ! dry+ %\ld be effect$ 9 a curr5t ( hot air fre$ f all du/4 ,! album5 mixture is compos$ ( ! :ite ( "o egg well beat51 !n dilut$ ) #dj ounces ( wat] & t5 drops ( liquor ammonia add$1 & aga9 beat54 ,x mu/ !n be v c>efully filt]$ ?r\gh cotton-wool1 & us$ z above4 ,9 plac+ ! album5iz$ plates ^u ! dry+ rack1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to face ! coat$ sides all "o way1 z :5 dry !re is no?+ to indicate to ! eye :i* is ! back & :i* ! front4 ,! album5iz$ plates1 :5 dry1 %\ld h ! backs clean$ ) a clo? or a lea!r be=e us+1 s z to cle> away any album5 :i* may h adh]$ dur+ coat+4 #bc ,album5iz$ plates /or$ 9 a dry place w keep good = mon?s1 & d n require any edg+ ) ,india-rubb]1 z ! mo/ horny collodion film w n split (f an album5iz$ plate4 ,glass plates t h be5 us$1 & n v>ni%$1 are fre$ f ! films by be+ imm]s$ 9 a mixture ( hydro*loric acid & wat] = a few h\rs1 !n wa%$ "u ! tap1 well rubb$ ) a rag1 & put into clean wat]1 f :i* !y are tak5 s+ly & coat$ ) album52 or !y may be all[$ to dry1 & are !n poli%$ by means ( ! wa% lea!r4 ,negatives t h be5 v>ni%$ are clean$ by fir/ imm]s+ 9 a hot solution ( common wa%+ soda until ! film comes (f1 !n wa% !m "u ! tap1 rubb+ well ) a rag1 !n imm]se !m 9 ! acid solution s z to neutralize ! alkali4 ,f9ally !y may be treat$ z above4 ,! films t are remov$ f ! glass plates mu/ n be ?r[n away1 b %\ld be c>efully collect$1 dri$1 & s5t to a ref9] ) ! o!r silv] wa/e2 a good plan = sav+ ^! films1 & at ! same "t keep+ ! acid & soda solutions cle> ( !m1 is to filt] ea* solution occasionally ?r\gh an old felt hat susp5d$ conv5i5tly ov] ! tanks1 us+ "o = ea* ( ! tanks4 ,! poli%+ ( ! glass plate mu/ n be done 9 ! d>k-room1 or ! crop ( comets1 spots1 etc41 ^u ! negatives w be exasp]at+ 9 ! extreme2 let ?is op]ation be conduct$ 9 a clean1 quiet corn] ( ! /udio1 :]e no o!r op]ation w di/urb1 & :]e ! fluff f du/]s & lea!rs w n int]f]e ) any?+ else4 #bd ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,photographic ,,manipulations4 ,! *emicals be+ prep>$1 !y mu/ be plac$ 9 ! d>k-room2 ! collodion bottle %\ld be plac$ on a conv5i5t %elf close to ! door1 & on a h&y peg hang a broad camel's-or badg]-hair bru%1 = du/+ ! clean plate j previ\s to coat+ x ) collodion2 ! bru% mu/ n be us$ = any?+ else ^u any pret5ce :atev]4 ,! silv] ba? mu/ be kept1 bo? 9 use & out ( use1 9 "s conv5i5t corn]1 :]e !re is no risk ( gett+ any o!r *emical spla%$ into x4 ,= a ba? hold] a deep #ae by #ab porcela9 or papi] ma* di%1 ) a wood5 or /\t c>dbo>d lid1 %\ld be provid$1 & ?is di% mu/ always be ?or\ghly wa%$1 & wip$ dry ) a clean damp lea!r 7kept = ! purpose71 bo? be=e use & aft] p\r+ ! silv] solution back into its bottle or jug4 ,or1 if ! upright =m be pref]r$1 be sure & h x l>ge en\gh4 ,! develop] %\ld be plac$ on a %elf1 on ! "r ( ! s9k1 ! develop+ cup close by4 ,! fix+ or cle>+ solution %\ld be kept 9 an upright ba? ( glass1 porcela91 or ebonite4 ,! int5sifi] ,no4 #a may be kept 9 a flat di%1 or 9 an upright hold]1 at discretion2 b if 9 a flat di%1 ! solution %\ld be p\r$ back into its bottle1 aft] ea* day's "w4 ,keep ! int5sifi] ,no4 #b 9 a /opp]$ bottle close to ! s9k4 ,! wat] v>ni% also is kept 9 a bottle or jug4 ,on a %elf close to ! collodion1 ! poli%$ or album5iz$ plates may be /ack$1 ) ! clean or prep>$ side fac+ ! wall4 ,a pneumatic hold] = atta*+ to ! back ( ! plate dur+ ! op]ation ( coat+ ) collodion w be f\nd v h&y4 ,( c\rse1 x is ?or\ghly und]/ood t !re is a s9k 9 ! d>k-room1 & a good wat] supply is indisp5sable4 ,!n1 aga91 ! w9d[ ?r\gh :i* ! light is transmitt$1 mu/ be #be cov]$ ) a non-act9ic m$ium1 su* z two ?icknesses ( gold5 fabric1 or "o ( can>y m$ium2 d n /9t ! am\nt ( light1 b h z mu* z possible1 s long z x is non-act9ic4 ,no arbitr>y plan = ! d>k-room ne$ be foll[$1 b ! novice w f9d ! annex$ plan useful to him 9 contriv+ = himself4 ,x is self-explanatory4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,ev]y?+ be+ 9 read9ess1 we w n[ proce$ to make a l9e negative1 res]v+ a description ( half-tone "w to foll[4 ,to beg93 wa% ! ba? hold] ?or\ghly1 & wipe x dry1 !n p\r into x suffici5t silv] solution to make ! dep? ab\t half an in*2 du/ ! inside ( ! cov]1 & put x ov] ! di%2 n[ take a clean glass plate1 if x be poli%$1 see t x is edg$ ) ,india-rubb]1 & if album5iz$1 be sure & clean ! back--& atta* x to a pneumatic hold]2 !n ) a broad camel's-or badg]-hair bru% 7kept = ?is purpose only7 remove any p>ticles ( du/1 back & front2 n[ hold ! plate 9 a horizontal position & p\r ^u x1 t[>d ! "r h& corn] fur!/ away f ! body1 a little m collodion ?an x is judg$ w be suffici5t to cov] x2 let ! collodion run to ! corn]1 !n incl9e ! plate to ! left1 & ! collodion w run into ! upp] left-h& corn]4 ,n[ by incl9+ ! plate t[>d ! body ! collodion w fl[ into ! l[] left-h& corn]1 & !nce x is guid$ into ! funnel plac$ 9 ! bottle prep>$ = its reception2 dur+ ! "t t ?is surplus is dra9+1 ! plate mu/ be g5tly rock$ sideways1 s t ! l9es =m$ by ! collodion1 9 dra9+1 are m]g$1 leav+ ! film q homog5e\s4 ,z soon z ! collodion ceases to drip1 release ! plate f ! pneumatic #bf hold]1 & t\* ! l[] ridge ( ! collodion2 if x is q set1 close ! door ( ! d>k-room1 remove ! lid f ! ba? hold]1 !n--hold+ ! plate 9 ! left h&--) ! "r h& raise ! end ( ! ba? hold]1 z f> z is possible )\t risk+ any ( ! silv] solution runn+ ov] ! end ( ! di% re/+ on ! b5*2 n[ lay ! plate 7) ! collodion side up7 on ! bottom ( ! di%1 !n drop ! plate into ! solution1 &1 at ! same "t1 l[] ! end ( ! di% held up by ! "r h&1 :i* w cause ! silv] solution to fl[ 9 "o ev5 wave ov] ! collodioniz$ surface4 ,?is op]ation mu/ be done ) dext]ity1 z if ! silv] solution does n fl[ 9 an ev5 wave ! film w be m>k$1 &1 9 ! case ( a half-tone negative1 ! image w be spoilt4 ,!re=e1 x is necess>y to see t ! plate & di% are l[]$ simultane\sly1 s t ! solution goes ov] ! collodion film 9 "o /eady wave4 ,if ! upright ba? hold] be us$1 ! plate is plac$ ^u ! l$ge ( ! dipp]1 & l[]$ sl[ly & /eadily into ! solution4 ,! plate w require an imm]sion ( ab\t ?ree m9utes = prop] s5sitiz+1 & ?is int]val--! ba? be+ cov]$ up to prev5t ! access ( :ite light--may be utiliz$ to give ! f9al adju/m5t to ! cam]a1 & to see t ! draw+ or pr9t to be copi$ is prop]ly 9 focus4 ,use a m$ium diaphragm 9 ! l5s = focuss+1 & exam9e ! image all ov] be=e decid+ t x is %>p4 ,focus by pref]5ce ab\t halfway betwe5 ! c5tre ( ! picture & ! edges1 & !n1 aft] mov+ ! rack to & fro until ! prop] %>pness is obta9$1 take out ! diaphragm & sub/itute ! smalle/ s5t out ) ! l5s2 or if ! picture to be tak5 be small & f a l>ge orig9al1 !n ! second1 or ?ird1 smalle/ diaphragm may be us$4 ,n[ remove ! focuss+ scre5 f ! cam]a 7note t ! gr\nd side ( ! glass has be5 next ! l5s7 & place ! cap ^u ! l5s2 close ! door ( ! d>k-room1 op5 ! d>k slide1 see t ! prop] c>ri] is 9 x1 !n raise ! plate f ! ba? sl[ly1 us+ a silv]-wire hook = ! purpose4 ,if ! solution fl[s ev5ly ov] ! film1 ! plate is ready2 b if1 on ! contr>y1 ! solution fl[s greasy1 !n aga9 l[] ! plate & rock ! di% g5tly = a m9ute or two4 ,! film be+ fully s5sitiz$1 ! plate is c>efully lift$ out ( ! solution1 bo? h&s hold+ ! plate 9 su* a mann] z to avoid t\*+ ! film2 all[ ! solution to dra9 f ! plate z mu* z possible1 !n lean ! plate aga9/ ! wall1 ! l[] end re/+ ^u a pad ( clean blott+-pap]1 s z to cat* any fur!r dra9+2 #bg n[ ) a pad ( blott+-pap] or papi]-joseph wipe ! back ( ! plate z dry z possible2 ?is w prev5t /a9s1 & keep ! d>k slide f rott+ by ! action ( ! silv] solution4 ,! plate be+ dra9$1 lay a piece ( ?9 filt]+ pap] 9 ea* l[] corn] ( ! c>ri]1 s t ! plate w re/ ^u ! filt]+ pap]1 :i* w cat* any fur!r dra9+s f ! film1 & be a safegu>d aga9/ /a9s4 ,n[ lay ! plate face d[n 9 ! c>ri] ( ! d>k slide1 close ! door1 & fa/5 x4 ,! d>k slide is n[ c>ri$ to ! cam]a1 & ins]t$ 9 ! grooves previ\sly occupi$ by ! focuss+ scre51 tak+ c>e t ! slid+ %utt] is next ! inside ( ! cam]a2 :5 pu%$ q home1 cov] ! back ) ! focuss+ clo?2 pull out ! %utt]1 :5 ! plate is ready = ! exposure4 ,! "t ( exposure w v>y v mu* ) ! "t ( ! ye>1 & ) ! am\nt ( light fall+ ^u ! object be+ photograph$4 ,! exact "t c be f\nd out only by actual practice1 b ! op]ator1 9 "t1 by obs]vation1 w be able to guess x pretty correctly4 ,9 tak+ ! cap (f ! l5s1 be sure t ! cam]a is n %ak51 else ! picture w be spoilt4 ,! exposure be+ made1 close ! slid+ %utt]1 remove ! slide to ! d>k-room1 & close ! door2 lay ! d>k slide 7) slid+ %utt] d[n7 ^u ! b5*1 op5 ! back %utt]1 &1 plac+ ! pneumatic hold] 9 ! c5tre ( ! plate1 lift x out ( ! c>ri]4 ,take ! plate to ! s9k1 & hold+ x face up1 9 ! left h&1 take ! develop+ cup 9 ! "r1 &1 ) a quick motion1 p\r ov] ! plate suffici5t develop] to cov] ! :ole film2 ! develop] mu/ g all ov] ! film 9 "o ev5 wave1 = any hesitation 9 ?is w result 9 a /a92 p\r ^u ! film only suffici5t to cov] x1 & be c>eful to spill z little z possible into ! s9k1 or else ! image w be ?91 on acc\nt ( ! abs5ce ( free silv] wa%$ (f by ! wave ( develop]4 ,n[ rock ! plate g5tly1 s z to keep ! develop] fl[+ to & fro ov] ! film 7b keep x !re1 don't spill x (f7 & ! image w soon appe>1 fa9t at fir/1 b gr[+ gradually d>k]1 ! black l9es ( ! draw+ be+ :ite & ! :ite pap] black4 ,if ! developm5t be cont9u$ too long ! l9es w ev5tually be veil$2 !re=e1 z soon z ! f9e/ details are out & well def9$1 place ! plate "u ! tap & all[ #bh ! wat] to well sluice ! film all ov]2 z soon z x is prop]ly wa%$1 :i* c be se5 by ! wat] fl[+ ev5ly ov]1 )\t greasy look+ l9es1 hold ! negative up 9 front ( ! w9d[1 & exam9e = spots or /a9s4 ,if !re be any pres5t t at all int]f]e ) ! picture1 at once reject ! negative1 plac+ x 9 a pan fill$ ) wat]1 to be wa%$ (f at leisure4 ,!n />t afre%4 ,! negative be+ satisfactory1 give x ano!r r9se "u ! tap1 & place x 9 ! cyanide ba?1 :]e ! unalt]$ iodide w spe$ily be dissolv$4 ,!n x is )drawn1 & well wa%$ "u ! tap4 ,:il/ ! wat] is wa%+ ov] ! front1 rub ! back ) ! f+]s or a sponge1 & !n turn ! plate ov] & all[ ! wat] to wa% ! back also4 ,x is n[ ready = imm]sion 9 ! int5sifi] ,no4 #a1 :]e x rema9s until ! film is blea*$ almo/ :ite4 ,!n x is ?or\ghly wa%$1 dra9$1 & flood$ ) a small quantity ( int5sifi] ,no4 #b1 :i* w at once turn ! film to an int5se black1 or if ! action does n p5etrate ?r\gh to ! back ( ! film1 cont9ue ! application until x does2 aga9 wa%1 !n place ! negative on a rack to dra94 ,:5 ! wat] ceases to drip1 flood ! plate twice ) ! filt]$ wat] v>ni%4 ,!n place ! negative on ! rack to dry4 ,:5 dry1 x is ready = pr9t+ on z9c4 ,! negative may be v>ni%$ ) a b5zole v>ni%1 sold by ! deal]s "u ! "n ( positive or f]rotype v>ni%4 ,negative v>ni% may be us$1 b unless v ?9 x is apt to be /icky & r5d] ! negative easily m>k$ by ! heavy pressure x is subject$ to 9 ! pr9t+-frame4 ,n[ lay ! f9i%$ negative face d[n ^u a piece ( clean :ite pap]1 :51 if x is a good "o1 all ! details ( ! orig9al w %[ ?r\gh1 cle>ly & di/9ctly2 b if any ( ! details are miss+ or veil$ ov]1 ! negative w n d1 & ano!r mu/ be made4 ,?is process does n always "w satisfactorily1 b ) c>e & cleanl9ess no s]i\s fault %\ld arise4 ,sometimes ! ba? may give :at are call$ foggy images1 :i* are indicat$ by a veil ov] ! l9es4 ,^! c (t5 be wip$ (f ) a pl$get ( cotton-wool4 ,! addition ( half a dra*m ( nitric acid to ! eighty ounces ( ba? solution1 ?or\gh mix+1 & a re/ = a few h\rs1 w end ?is difficulty4 ,if ! d>k-room w9d[ be n ( ! prop] color1 fog w ensue2 !re=e1 ! non-photographic exp]im5tali/ _h bett] call 9 ! aid ( a pr(essional photograph] 9 case ( any difficulty 9 gett+ cle> negatives4 ,wilson's ,photographics w be a pr(itable inve/m5t1 z x 0 publi%$ #bi be=e ! adv5t ( dry-plate photography1 :5 ! wet process reign$ supreme4 ,at ! end ( ea* day's "w ! silv] solution %\ld be c>efully p\r$ into ! jug or bottle1 & all[$ to /& all night2 !n 9 ! morn+1 j be=e us+1 x %\ld be filt]$4 ,! di% also mu/ be c>efully wa%$ out & put away 9 a corn] :]e x has no *ance ( be+ soil$4 ,su* are ! manipulations necess>y = ! production ( a negative f a l9e subject--i4 e41 a draw+ 9 black & :ite1 9 :i* ! :ole ( ! picture is obta9$ by means ( l9es1 or /ipple1 or by cross hat*+4 ,flat wa%es ( color n be+ p]missible1 all effects ( half tones1 etc41 are obta9$ by l9es1 ei!r ?ick]1 or ?9n]1 or clos]1 or fur!r ap>t4 ,su* a negative is available = pr9t+ f1 direct ^u z9c1 9 ei!r album5 or 9 bitum51 = et*+ into relief1 or = pr9t+ f z a li?ograph4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,gelat9e ,,dry ,,plates ,,9 ,,photo-,,engrav+4 ,= mak+ negatives = collographic pr9t+ ei!r direct or by transf]1 gelat9e dry plates may be us$ ) z mu* c]ta9ty z ! wet collodion1 s long z ! op]ator c produce a result giv+ all ! gradations ( tone1 f ! deepe/ %ad[ to ! highe/ light2 & z !re are s _m excell5t br&s ( plates 9 ! m>ket1 x w\ld be worse ?an useless to "n any br& "h z hav+ any di/9ct advantage ov] ! re/1 m especially z ! br& t ! writ] w\ld be incl9$ to "n1 w\ld p]haps1 by ! majority ( read]s1 be class$ z a plate t !y c\ld n "w4 ,?is be+ s1 = half-tone negatives1 ! au?or leaves ! *oice ( ! plate & ! mann] ( work+ to ! op]ator1 cont5t+ himself ) say+ t ! crit]ion ( suitability ( a negative = yield+ good results by any ( ! processes treat$ ( 9 ?is book1 leav+ out ( ! "q entirely negatives = l9e "w1 etc4 7treat$ ( 9 ,p>ts ,i41 ,,ii41 & ,,iii471 is ! same = giv+ s(t1 delicate1 & brilliant pr9ts1 ei!r 9 plat9um1 c>bon1 or on album5iz$ pap]1 re/+ assur$ t a negative yield+ a h>d black & :ite1 or a dirty flat pr9t1 by any ( ^! ?ree me?ods1 w n give results any diff]5t 9 collographic or transf] me?ods4 ,= l9e "w negatives = pr9t+ ^u z9c1 = et*+1 or = transf]s to /one1 ord9>y gelat9e dry plates are n useful1 z x is almo/ impossible to get t fre$om f veil ov] ! l9es t x is absolutely necess>y to h2 "h ! wet collodion is be/ z x is simple/1 easie/1 & *eape/4 #cj ,/ill !re are times :5 ! mo/ ard5t wet-plate work] is oblig$ to confess t ! process has its %ortcom+s1 mo/ especially 9 dull wea!r1 :5 x is necess>y1 to get ! result requir$1 to give exposures f ?irty to sixty m9utes2 !n1 :at ) ! plate dry+ & ! want ( pluck f ! bad light1 x is impossible to get a result suitable = ! "w4 ,9 ?is case ! plate call$ ! 8,process0 plate is a great boon4 ,x is fairly rapid1 & gives int5se negatives1 )\t veil on ! l9es4 ,= mak+ transp>5cies same size ( orig9al negatives1 ! be/ plan is to place a l>ge %eet ( :ite pap] 9 front ( ! copy+ cam]a1 & rack ! l5s out ( focus1 tak+ c>e t ! :ite %eet ( pap] is suffici5t to illum9ate ! full size ( ! plate4 ,!n 9 ! d>k-room place ! negative 9 ! c>ri] ( ! d>k slide1 film side up1 & c>efully du/ ! surface 7also see+ t ! back ( ! negative is clean7 ) a clean camel's-hair bru%2 du/ also ! film ( a gelat9e dry plate1 & place x face d[n ^u ! negative1 close ! slide1 & ins]t x into ! grooves ( ! cam]a & expose to ! light reflect$ ?r\gh ! l5s f ! :ite %eet ( pap] = f five to tw5ty seconds1 accord+ to ! d5sity ( ! negative & ! int5sity ( ! light2 close ! l5s & ! %utt]1 & remove x into ! d>k-room = developm5t4 ,by expos+ a plate 9 ?is mann] !re is a f> bett] *ance ( gett+ absolute contact betwe5 ! two plates1 z ! rays ( light are p>allel4 ,= mak+ transp>5cies = pr9t+ ^u copp]-plates1 fir/ ( all make a gra9$ negative ! prop] size1 !n :5 ?is is v>ni%$ & t\*$ up1 make f x z above a transp>5cy ^u a gelat9e *loride dry plate1 by :i* process x is m c]ta9 to get a suitable result = ! process ?an on a gelat9e bromide dry plate4 ,no =mula w be giv5 "h = develop+ ^! gelat9e *loride plates z ea* packet has full in/ructions = developm5t :i* mu/ be foll[$ implicitly4 ,= develop+ gelat9e bromide dry plates = negatives1 or = transp>5cies1 ! foll[+1 a modification ( ! ,il=d =mula1 w be f\nd bett] ?an us+ =mula :]e ! ammonia & bromide are mix$ toge!r4 ,solution ,no4 #a4 ,pyrogallic ,acid #a ounce4 ,meta ,bisulphate ( ,pota% #a ounce4 ,bromide ( ,potassium #a ounce4 ,wat] #hj ounces4 #ca ,solution ,no4 #b4 ,liquor ,ammonia #a_/b ounce4 ,wat] #aj ounces4 ,= a normal exposure equal p>ts ( ^! are mix$ j be=e us+1 & = an unc]ta9 exposure beg9 ) two p>ts ( ,no4 #a1 "o "p ( wat]1 & "o "p ( ,no4 #b4 ,,! ,,reproduction ,,( ,,negatives4 ,= ! production ( suitable collotype pr9ts1 ! fir/ consid]ation is ! negative1 f :i* ! pr9t+ surface is to be made4 ,! requirem5ts are1 a negative 9 :i* all ! half-tones1 bo? 9 ! lights & 9 ! %ad[s1 are reproduc$ 9 _! prop] gradations2 ! lights mu/ n be too d5se1 or ! %ad[s too cle>2 ! blacke/ portion ( ! negative mu/ be t "p repres5t+ ! highe/ light1 & ! only cle> glass1 t :i* repres5ts ! deepe/ %ad[2 ^! negatives may be ei!r wet collodion1 or on ord9>y gelat9e-bromide plates & rev]s$--i4 e41 ! mirror mu/ be us$ beh9d ! l5s4 ,if x is desir$ to produce a collographic block f a negative already 9 exi/5ce1 & :i* may n be retak51 !n x w be necess>y to make ano!r negative4 ,?is may be done 9 _m diff]5t ways2 b :i*ev] way is adopt$1 ! fir/ & mo/ important /ep is ! production ( a transp>5t positive4 ,?is transp>5t positive may be made on an ord9>y gelat9e-bromide plate1 or on a gelat9e-*loride plate1 & !n f ! transp>5t positive a negative is made by transmitt$ light 79 ! enl>g+ cam]a71 ei!r ! same size1 r$uc$ or enl>g$ 9 size2 or in/ead ( us+ ?is class ( transp>5cy1 by f> ! f9e/ results c be got by mak+ ! transp>5cy 9 c>bon tissue1 :i* c be us$ = bo? transmitt$ light1 = enl>g+ or r$uction 9 size1 & x c also be us$ = contact pr9t+1 :5 ! reproduc$ & rev]s$ negative is requir$ to be ! same size z ! orig9al4 ,on page #bi directions are giv5 = ! manipulations :5 gelat9e dry plates are us$1 s "h we w conf9e ourselves to ! production ( negatives f ! c>bon transp>5cy4 ,fir/ ( all1 procure "s c>bon transp>5cy tissue1 ready s5sitiz$1 cut ?is into sizes at lea/ half an in* l>g] all r\nd ?an ! negative1 !n cut a br[n pap] mask to fit all r\nd ! negative1 & to protect ! m>g9 ( tissue f ! action ( light2 ?is acts z a safe edge to ! tissue1 enabl+ x to adh]e to ! glass support dur+ ! op]ation ( developm5t4 ,if x is only int5d$ to reproduce a portion ( ! #cb orig9al negative1 ! safe edge may be made by putt+ ! mask j r\nd t portion ( ! image1 b if ! :ole ( ! negative is requir$1 put x 9 a pr9t+ frame ) a plate glass front1 fix ! br[n pap] mask outside ! negative1 !n place ! s5sitive c>bon tissue ! black side next ! negative film1 & put 9 ! back+1 & back1 & fa/5 x up4 ,next expose x to ! light = f\r or five times ! "t requisite to get an ord9>y silv] pr9t4 ,! c>bon tissue hav+ be5 expos$ to light = ! prop] "t1 x is tak5 into ! d>k-room1 ! edges are turn$ up s z to =m a di%1 & p9n$ ^u a small bo>d2 x is n[ coat$ ) ?9 pla9 collodion1 ! surplus be+ p\r$ into a bottle kept = ! purpose1 & ! bo>d g5tly rock$ to & fro1 s z to prev5t ! collodion runn+ 9 ridges1 or /reaks4 ,n[ all[ ! collodion to dry1 !n place ! coat$ & expos$ tissue 9 clean cold wat] until x is q limp1 !n slide und]nea? x a gelat9iz$ glass plate a little l>g] all r\nd ?an ! tissue1 br+ ! gelat9iz$ surface ( ! glass plate & ! collodioniz$ surface ( expos$ tissue 9 contact "u ! wat]1 tak+ great c>e n to abrade ! collodion2 !n lift ! two out & lay ! glass d[n ^u a b5*1 & cov] x ov] ) a piece ( ?9 ,india-rubb]1 or mack9to%1 or oil-clo?4 ,hold ! cov] firmly on ! b5* ) ! left h&2 ) ! "r use a /rong squeegee vigor\sly4 ,t w expel all ! wat] f betwe5 ! two surfaces 7collodion on ! tissue1 & gelat9e on ! glass71 & s br+ !m into absolute contact2 n[ remove ! cov]1 lift ! plate & exam9e ! tissue ?r\gh ! glass1 & if !re are no air-bells betwe5 ! two surfaces ! op]ation has be5 successful2 b if air-bells are pres5t1 at once plunge ! plate into cold wat]1 /rip (f ! tissue1 & try aga91 b be c>eful to be quick ab\t x1 or !re is a risk ( ! tissue absorb+ too mu* wat]1 9 :i* case great difficulty w be exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ x to lie flat ^u ! gelat9iz$ glass4 ,! gelat9iz$ plate ^u :i* ! expos$ & collodioniz$ tissue is m\nt$ is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,glass plates free f scrat*es & /a9s1 are plac$ 9 a weak mixture ( hydro*loric acid & wat]1 & rubb$ ) a clean rag until free f grease & dirt2 !y are !n wa%$ "u ! tap1 & :il/ wet are cov]$ )3 ,gelat9e #a ounce4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,bi*romate ( ,pota% #ae gra9s4 #cc ,soak ! gelat9e 9 ! cold wat] until x is s(t1 !n melt at g5tle heat1 add ! bi*romate1 & :5 dissolv$1 filt]1 & coat ! clean$ plate two or ?ree times1 ?r[+ ! surplus away ea* "t ( coat+2 n[ /& ! coat$ plate on a rack to dry4 ,any quantity ( ^! plates may be prep>$ at a "t1 & us$ :5 requir$4 ,:5 all ! bat* has be5 coat$1 ! rack may be remov$ into a w>m corn]1 free f du/1 until ! plates are dry1 !n expose ! plates to ! light = at lea/ tw5ty m9utes1 :5 !y are ready = use = m\nt+ ! expos$ & collodioniz$ transp>5cy tissue ^u4 ,aft] ! tissue is m\nt$ ^u ! glass plate1 x is all[$ to /& a few m9utes1 !n x is plac$ 9 a di% conta9+ hot wat] 7#ajj ,f471 & z soon z ! tissue comp\nd %[s signs ( dissolv+ by exud+ f "u ! pap]1 lift ! pap] away1 !n rock ! di%1 &1 if necess>y1 add m hot wat]2 !n raise ! plate & g5tly lave x ) ! hot wat]1 until ! :ole ( ! soluble pigm5t$ gelat9e is wa%$ away1 leav+ a transp>5t positive on ! glass1 :i* m]ely requires wa%+ "u ! cold wat] tap1 & dry+1 to be f9i%$4 ,n[ exam9e x closely1 & if x conta9s ! :ole ( ! details 9 ! negative1 & is free f du/ spots1 x may be put away to dry1 b if und]expos$1 or ov]expos$1 or m>r$ by spots n 9 ! orig9al1 !n ano!r mu/ be done2 b if c>e is tak5 to du/ ! surface ( ! tissue1 & ! film ( ! negative ) a camel's-hair bru% be=e pr9t+1 & be=e collodioniz+1 & also to see t bo? ! collodion & ! gelat9e mixture are prop]ly filt]$1 & t ! wat] 9 :i* ! coat$ & expos$ tissue is soak$ is free f dirt1 !n !re w be no difficulty 9 gett+ a p]fect transp>5cy4 ,! transp>5cy be+ obta9$1 if x is desir$ to make a negative l>g] or small] ?an ! orig9al1 ! transp>5cy is plac$ 9 ! enl>g+ cam]a ) ! c>bon film inside1 & ! negative made ! requisite size1 ei!r on a dry plate or on a wet collodion plate4 ,if a negative ! same size is requir$1 ! transp>5cy is plac$ face up 9 ! c>ri] ( ! d>k slide1 & ! surface du/$2 !n take a dry plate1 & hav+ also du/$ its film1 place x face d[n 9 contact ) ! transp>5cy1 !n close ! d>k slide & remove x to ! cam]a1 :i* %\ld be previ\sly adju/$ opposite a l>ge %eet ( :ite pap]2 n[ put 9 ! d>k slide1 draw ! %utt]1 & expose to ! %eet ( pap]1 & develop z direct$ on page #cj4 ,by expos+ 9 ?is mann]1 in/ead ( direct to ! light 7day or gas71 ! #cd rays project$ ?r\gh ! l5s fall ^u ! dry plate q p>allel1 s secur+ %>p negatives4 ,9 mak+ rev]s$ negatives = collographic pr9t+ :5 wet collodion is us$1 x is n absolutely necess>y to use ! mirror1 z !y may be made ^u poli%$ glass 7i4 e41 n album5iz$7 dri$1 !n coat$ ) gelat9e1 aga9 dri$1 & /ripp$4 ,"s br&s ( dry plates c also be /ripp$1 by fir/ ( all1 aft] dry+1 coat+ !m ) ,india-rubb] solution1 !n ) collodion1 & soak+ 9 dilute fluoric acid2 b great c>e & pati5ce mu/ be ex]cis$1 ! prelim9>y trials be+ made ^u negatives ( no p>ticul> value4 ,,/ripp+ ,,collodion ,,films4 ,negatives made by ! wet collodion process c be easily /ripp$ f ! glass support1 & 9 su* a condition are extremely h&y1 especially = pr9t+ on collographic plates1 or on z9c or copp]1 z1 ! film be+ flexible1 contact is m easily secur$4 ,:5 x is int5d$ to /rip ! film1 ! glass plate mu/ be poli%$1 n album5iz$1 & aft] ! negative is dri$1 /rips ( ?ick pap] are pa/$ along ! f\r sides ( ! negative1 ) />*1 or a solution ( gum tragacan?2 ! negative is !n plac$ on a levell+ /& & a suffici5t quantity ( ! foll[+ w>m solution ( gelat9e is p\r$ ^u ! plate 7:i* %\ld be slightly w>m$ fir/7 & spread all ov] x by means ( a glass rod3 ,gelat9e #b-a_/b ounces4 ,sug> #a-a_/b ounces4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,soak ! gelat9e 9 ! wat] until s(t1 melt by g5tle heat1 !n /ra9 ?r\gh two or ?ree ?icknesses ( f9e musl91 & p\r ^u ! plate1 us+ ?ree ounces = a plate #ab #aj2 m or less1 9 proportion = diff]5t sizes4 ,! plate mu/ be all[$ to /ay ^u ! levell+ /& until ! gelat9e has q set1 !n put x on a rack to dry1 9 a curr5t ( cold air1 = if heat be us$ ! gelat9e w melt4 ,:5 ! gelat9e is q dry1 pass ! blade ( a p5knife all ar\nd und]nea? ! /rips ( ?ick pap]1 :5 ! negative film may be lift$ away f ! plate4 ,9 ?is condition ! negative may be /or$ away )\t risk ( be+ brok51 ! only condition be+1 x mu/ be kept free f dampness4 #ce ,ano!r plan ( /ripp+ is to coat ! dry negative ) a ?ick solution ( ,india-rubb] 9 b5zole1 & all[ x to dry on a levell+ /&2 !n coat ) a ?ick pla9 collodion1 to :i* a few drops ( ca/or oil h be5 add$4 ,:5 ! collodion film is q dry1 place ! plate 9 a di% ( clean wat]1 /rip (f ! film f ! glass1 !n place ! film betwe5 %eets ( clean blott+-pap] to dry1 or x may be all[$ to dry on ! plate4 ,old collodion negatives t h be5 v>ni%$ may be /ripp$1 b x is r a risky op]ation1 & %\ld nev] be attempt$ until a really good c>bon transp>5cy has fir/ be5 obta9$4 ,! fir/ /ep w be to remove ! v>ni%1 :i* is effect$ by soak+ ! plate 9 ,alcohol #a "p4 ,ammonia #a dra*m4 until all ! v>ni% is remov$1 !n r9se 9 alcohol1 wa% well "u ! tap1 dry1 pa/e slips ( br[n pap] ar\nd ! m>g91 & f9ally level & cov] ) ! w>m gelat9e1 dry & /rip4 ,,! ,,rev]s+ ,,mirror4 ,! mirror is a piece ( p]fectly plane glass1 coat$ on ! surface ) a ?ick film ( pure silv]1 & highly poli%$4 ,?is silv]$ glass mu/ be m\nt$ 9 a mahogany box1 & fitt$ on ! front ( ! cam]a1 ! l5s be+ fitt$ 9 front ( ! mirror1 see ,fig4 #a4 ,?is mirror is plac$ 9 grooves at an angle ( =ty-five degrees f ! axis ( ! l5s4 ,s situat$1 x receives ! image project$ by ! l5s1 & reflects x on ! focuss+ scre51 or s5sitive plate 9 ! cam]a4 ,by ?is means a negative is obta9$1 :i*1 :5 look$ ?r\gh ) ! film betwe5 ! op]ator & ! glass1 w pres5t ! image 9 its prop] position1 :]eas1 if ! l5s be us$ )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! mirror x w be necess>y to h ! glass betwe5 ! eyes & ! film1 to get ! image 9 its prop] position1 & z ! g5]ality ( photographic negatives are tak5 )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! mirror1 !y are call$ ord9>y negatives 9 contradi/9ction to ^? made ?r\gh ! mirror1 :i* are call$ 8rev]s$0 negatives4 ,! silv] surface ( ! mirror requires great c>e & att5tion to pres]ve its lu/re4 ,if t>ni%$1 x w make ! exposure 9 ! cam]a long]1 besides :i*1 ! co/ ( resilv]+ is too great to all[ ( ! surface be+ spoil$ ?r\gh c>elessness4 #cf ,at ! end ( ea* day's "w1 remove ! mirror f ! box & w>m x 9 front ( ! fire 7n ov] a gas flame7 j slightly1 !n wrap x c>efully 9 a piece ( f9e velvet1 :i* has also be5 previ\sly w>m$1 !n wrap x up 9 a piece ( ,india-rubb] or mac9to% clo?1 & put x 9 an air-tight box2 by do+ ?is1 ! mirror1 if well silv]$ at fir/1 w la/ = a ye> or two4 ,if ! surface %\ld become t>ni%$1 get a squ>e ( v f9e *amois lea!r1 & place 9 ! c5tre a pellet ( cotton-wool2 !n ga!r up ! lea!r & tie ! wool 9 ! c5tre1 mak+ a small globe ab\t an in* & a half 9 diamet]2 n[ w>m ! mirror1 & aft] dipp+ ! lea!r globe into f9e r\ge1 proce$ to poli% g5tly ) a quick circul> motion1 us+ little or no pressure--take c>e 9 do+ ?is t ! mirror1 ! lea!r1 & ! r\ge are q dry1 else ! silv] coat w come away--v]b sap4 ,9 pur*as+ a mirror be sure & get x l>ge en\gh to take ! cone ( rays f ! l5s x has to be us$ )2 = a l5s ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 ! plane mirror %\ld measure ab\t #h #c-a_/b in*es4 ,! box to hold ?is mirror %\ld be made squ>e at ! side1 fitt+ into ! rabbet ( ! cam]a front1 s t :5 objects are to be photograph$ t w d bett] ly+ on ! gr\nd ?an :5 fix$ aga9/ ! wall1 ! mirror c be plac$ to look d[n ^u ! object4 ,= silv]+ ! glass1 "o _c d bett] ?an to quote ! directions = work+ ,common's process giv5 by ,major ,wat]h\se 9 ! ,photographic ,news4 8,! solutions recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,common are ?ree3 7#a7 ,nitrate ( ,silv] #a ounce4 ,di/ill$ ,wat] #aj ounces4 7#b7 ,cau/ic ,pota% #a ounce4 ,di/ill$ ,wat] #aj ounces4 7#c7 ,glucose #a_/b ounce4 ,di/ill$ ,wat] #aj ounces4 ,! above quantities are suitable = #bej squ>e in*es1 consequ5tly1 an ord9>y copy mirror #h #f w\ld require r m ?an two ounces ( ea* solution1 & o!r sizes 9 proportion4 ,! cau/ic pota% & di/ill$ wat] mu/ be q pure4 ,ord9>y cau/ic pota% w n answ] at all4 ,! be/ to use is kn[n z pure by alcohol4 ,! glass surface to be silv]$ is c>efully clean$ ) /rong nitric acid1 appli$1 z recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,br[n+1 ) a ,buckle's bru%1 !n well #cg wa%$ 9 clean wat]1 & aft] r9s+ ) di/ill$ wat]1 laid1 face d[nw>d1 9 a di% ( di/ill$ wat] until want$4 ,be=e clean+ ! glass1 x w be necess>y to arrange = support+ x face d[nw>d 9 ! deposit+ di%1 s t ! surface to be silv]$ may be q horizontal1 & j bel[ ! level ( ! fluid1 :i* %\ld be ab\t half an in* above ! bottom ( ! di%4 ,i h g5]ally us$ a l>ge cork1 ab\t f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 cem5t$ to ! back ( ! plate1 & fitt$ ) ?ree /r+s1 by :i* x c\ld be susp5d$ 9 a level position & adju/$ to any height by w9d+ ! /r+ ov] a roll] plac$ at a conv5i5t height above ! di%4 ,:5 ?is arrangem5t is n available1 ,i fix on ! back ( ! plate two ord9>y wide-m\!d bottle corks ( equal ?ickness1 9 ! positions %[n 9 ! figure1 & to ^! corks atta* ?9 slips ( bamboo runn+ transv]sely across ! plate1 & ( suffici5t l5g? to re/ on ! sides ( ! di%1 ?us3 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,! slips ( bamboo give ! arrangem5t a c]ta9 am\nt ( spr+1 by :i* ! height ( ! plate c easily be regulat$1 by putt+ on weights until ! surface ( ! plate is j bel[ ! level ( ! fluid 9 ! di%4 ,to prep>e ! silv]+ solution3 ,a suffici5t quantity ( ! silv] solution1 ,no4 #a 7two ounces71 is put into a p]fectly clean glass4 ,ammonia is dropp$ 9 until ! precipitate fir/ =m$ is j r$issolv$4 ,! same quantity ( pota% solution1 ,no4 #b1 z ( silv] is n[ mix$ 91 & ! precipitate aga9 dissolv$ by ammonia4 ,a little m silv] solution is !n add$ to produce a di/9ct turbidity1 & di/ill$ wat] to make up ! quantity necess>y to fill ! deposit+ di% to ab\t ?ree-eigh?s or half an in*1 & ! mixture is !n filt]$ ?r\gh cotton into ano!r clean glass vessel4 ,! same quantity 7two ounces71 ( filt]$ solution ( glucose1 ,no4 #c1 z 0 tak5 ( silv] & pota%1 is n[ mix$ 91 & ! :ole is p\r$ into a deposit+ di% 7:i* %\ld pref]ably be ( glass1 well clean$ ) nitric acid74 ,! glass plate is !n tak5 out ( ! di/ill$ wat] & laid face d[nw>d on ! silv]+ solution1 be+ support$1 z be=e describ$1 j above ! surface1 s t ! solution does n cov] its back4 ,mr4 ,common places ! requisite quantity ( di/ill$ wat] 9 ! di% 9 #ch :i* ! mirror has be5 rema9+ face d[nw>d1 & !n1 hav+ lift$ ! mirror up1 p\rs 9 ! undilut$ silv]+ solution1 toge!r ) ! glucose solution1 /irs well toge!r1 & !n c>efully l[]s ! mirror aga9 into ! di%4 ,almo/ imm$iately aft] ! imm]sion ( ! plate1 ! silv]+ action beg9s1 &1 if ?+s are go+ on well1 a brilliant reflect+ surface w be se5 at ! back ( ! plate1 & 9 =ty m9utes1 or ev5 less1 a good deposit ( silv] w be obta9$4 ,x is usually recomm5d$ to /op ! action z soon z ! silv]+ fluid appe>s cle> & free f turbidity1 b x is n always easy to see ?is4 ,aft] silv]+1 ! plate is well wa%$1 f9i%+ ) di/ill$ wat]1 & dri$ (f quickly4 ,a slight cl\d9ess ( ! surface may appe>1 & mu/ be remov$ by poli%+ be=e ! mirror c be us$4 ,x is bett] to all[ ! mirror to rema9 a day or s be=e poli%+1 9 ord] to h>d5 ! coat+4 ,to poli% ! plate1 x %\ld be slightly w>m$1 & p]fectly dry1 & rubb$ v g5tly 9 small circles ) a piece ( v s(t & dry *amois lea!r1 aft]w>d us+ a little jewell]s' r\ge4 ,mirrors %\ld always be kept 9 a dry place1 & w require repoli%+ f "t to "t4 #ci ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,app>atus ,,= ,,pr9t+ ,,^u ,,z9c4 ,a suitable negative 7! subject be+ 9 l9e1 n half tone7 hav+ be5 obta9$1 ! next /age t[>d produc+ a relief block is to make f t negative a pr9t 9 ink ^u a %eet ( z9c4 ,to d ?is a %eet ( poli%$ z9c is fir/ ( all subject$ to ! action ( a solution ( nitric acid1 alum1 & wat]4 ,x is !n ?or\ghly wa%$1 plac$ 9 a ma*9e call$ a :irl]1 !n coat$ ) a solution ( album5 7:ite ( egg7 & bi*romate ( pota%2 ?is coat or film ( bi*romat$ album5 %\ld be dri$ ov] a _s lamp4 ,! negative is !n plac$1 face upp]mo/1 9 a pr9t+-frame1 ! coat$ side ( ! z9c 9 contact ) ! face ( ! negative4 ,! negative is n[ expos$ to ! action ( light4 ,! exposure be+ complete1 ! frame is tak5 into a room light$ by yell[ light1 gas1 or lamp-light1 ! z9c plate is remov$1 & its surface cov]$ ) a ?9 film ( transf] ink1 by means ( a type-pr9t]'s roll]2 !n ! z9c plate is imm]s$ 9 clean cold wat] & ! image develop$ by g5tly rubb+ x ) a pl$get ( cotton-wool4 ,,poli%+ ,,! ,,z9c4 ,z9c plates suitable = photo-engrav+ c be obta9$ ei!r 9 l>ge %eets1 or cut to size z ord]$1 &1 :5 new1 require poli%+ ) a damp rag dipp$ 9 levigat$ pumice p[d]--i4 e41 pumice p[d] wa%$ 9 wat]1 s z to get rid ( all grit4 ,lay ! plate ^u a bo>d cov]$ ) musl9 & poli% ) a 8f-&-to0 ! body motion1 n circul>2 d n use a great deal ( pressure1 ! object be+ to get ! plate highly poli%$ ) a p]fectly smoo? surface4 ,plates t h be5 pr9t$ ^u1 & are n satisfactory1 may be clean$ & repoli%$4 ,plates t are scrat*$ require poli%+ ) em]y clo?4 ,scrat*es int]f]e ) ! picture4 #dj ,to remove scrat*es1 spr9kle ! face ( ! plate ) turp5t9e1 !n rub ) a piece ( ,,ff em]y clo? /ret*$ ov] a c>p5t]'s cork-cov]$ rubb]4 ,use ! same motion1 to-&-fro1 until all ! turp5t9e has evaporat$ & ! surface ( ! z9c is poli%$4 ,if ! scrat*es are remov$1 ! plate is ready = use1 b if n1 !n ! op]ation mu/ be repeat$4 ,if ! scrat*es are too deep = em]y clo? alone1 fir/ use a piece ( f9e pumice /one1 foll[$ by snake /one1 pumice p[d]1 rott5-/one1 & r\ge4 ,too mu* c>e _c be tak5 ) ! z9c plate at ?is /age1 =1 aft] ! block is et*$1 if x is discov]$ t ! plate has n be5 prop]ly poli%$1 all w h to be done ov] aga91 entail+ a loss ( "t1 labor1 & mat]ials4 ,rememb]1 t no matt] :at poli%+ ag5t is us$1 ! plate mu/ be poli%$ ) a to-&-fro f ! body motion1 n a circul> motion su* z is usual 9 poli%+ metal4 ,,gra9+ ,,! ,,plate4 ,! next op]ation is to give ! plate a slight too? s t ! s5sitive solution w fl[ ev5ly ov] ! surface4 ,d ?is by remov+ all traces ( grease4 ,?is gra9+ is done 9 a wood5 tray1 #bd in*es by #ah by #f1 l9$ ) asphaltum or gutta p]*a & m\nt$ ^u rock]s2 x is q necess>y t ! gra9+ tray be ( l>ge size1 z if only a little l>g] ?an ! plate ! return+ wave ( acid wat] w m>k ! edges ( ! z9c4 ,into ?is tray p\r a qu>t ( clean wat]1 & add "o dra*m ( nitric acid & "o ounce ( a saturat$ solution ( common alum4 ,place ! plate 9 ?is1 face up1 & comm5ce rock+ x at once or else ! acid w m>k ! surface1 & x w require repoli%+2 rock sl[ly = five m9utes1 dur+ :i* "t ! poli%$ surface w give way to a f9e matt1 l f9e fro/$ silv]4 ,n[ remove ! plate & r9se x "u ! tap1 rubb+ x g5tly ) a f9e sponge1 or a pl$get ( cotton to remove ! scum or deposit =m$ by ! acid4 ,! surface at ?is /age %\ld be q smoo?2 if x is at all r\gh1 ! acid is too /rong1 & ! solution mu/ be dilut$ ) wat]2 if ! action ( ! acid is v sl[1 !n a little m mu/ be add$2 b x w only be necess>y to add m alum :5 ! plate is a blui% color in/ead ( be+ a pe>ly gray4 ,a drop or two ( acid w be requir$ ea* "t plates are to be gra9$4 ,9 rubb+ ) sponge1 or a pl$get ( cotton :5 "u ! tap1 c>e #da mu/ be tak5 n to scrat* ! surface ( ! z9c1 or else x w ne$ repoli%+4 ,,coat+ ,,! ,,plate ,,) ,,s5sitive ,,album54 ,if ! solution ( album5 0 p\r$ ov] ! plate & dra9$ & dri$1 ! film w\ld be too ?ick at ! bottom & too ?9 at ! top2 x is1 !re=e1 necess>y1 to insure an ev5 film ( s5sitive album51 to subject ! plate to a quick circul> motion1 s z to spread ! film ( album5 ev5ly1 & to get rid ( ! surplus solution4 ,?is is effect$ by plac+ ! gra9$ z9c 9 ! jaws ( an in/rum5t call$ a :irl] & made z foll[s3 ,two pieces ( wood1 ea* half an in* ?ick1 twelve in*es long1 n9e in*es wide at "o end1 & six in*es at ! o!r2 ^u ! n>r[ end ( "o piece fix f\r screws1 a piece ( iron ! %ape ( a 1 ! top end ( :i* is %ap$ to fit into ! socket ( a c>p5t]'s brace 7:i* mu/ h ! c5tre h&le revolv+1 n fix$72 ! cross piece mu/ be flat1 & pi]c$ ) f\r holes1 c\nt]sunk to admit ( /\t screws4 ,place ! two pieces ( wood toge!r1 ! piece betwe5 ! two1 & ) a piece ( /\t lea!r h+e ! two toge!r1 nail+ ! lea!r n only on ! outside1 b ^u ! top also2 n[ screw a n>r[ batt5 on ea* ( ! pieces1 ab\t an in* f ! wide/ end1 to keep ! wood f w>p+4 ,f\r in*es f ! top 7! h+e be+ ! top7 bore a hole ?r\gh bo? pieces1 & pass ?r\gh a c\ple ( /rong lea!r laces2 by "o end fix ^! on ! outside ( ! *eek to :i* ! iron is screw$1 & on ! outside ( ! o!r *eek1 sev5 in*es f ! top1 h+e a piece ( wood 7s z to fall t[>d ! bottom7 #e in*es by #b by #a_/b2 & 9 ! c5tre ( ! batt5 screw$ on to prev5t w>p+1 fix a broad-head$ nail or a turn-button1 ov] :i* ! free end ( ! lea!r laces c be pass$4 ,n[ ab\t half an in* f ea* end drive ?r\gh ! wood1 six or eight wire nails "o in* long 9 a l9e1 & s t ! po9ts project on ! inside ( ea* *eek4 ,next fix ! top ( ! iron into ! socket ( ! brace & ! :irl] is ready = use4 ,to use ?is in/rum5t1 lay x ^u ! b5*1 raise ! upp] jaw1 place ! gra9$ z9c beh9d ! tee? 7face out7 close ! jaw1 & aft] see+ t ! face ( ! z9c is close up to ! tee?1 tight5 ! %oe lace1 pass x ov] ! h+$ piece 7:i* is ly+ d[n close to ! *eek71 & ar\nd ! batt5 ) two or ?ree turns1 !n pass x back & tie ! loose ends ar\nd ! iron %ank at ! top2 !n raise ! h+$ piece1 :i* by /ra9+ on ! #db lea!r laces w cause ! jaws to grip ! z9c plate tight & hold x 9 position4 7,see ,fig4 #d47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,! ,:irl]4 ,n[ lift up ! :irl] f ! b5*1 grasp+ ! h&le ( ! brace firmly 9 ! "r h&4 ,hold x at arm's l5g?1 & by a s]ies ( quick j]ks set ! plate revolv+4 ,?is w require a little pati5ce to d ev5ly & rapidly1 b ) practice x w become q easy4 ,! plate is coat$ twice1 :irl+ x aft] ea* application ( ! s5sitive mixture4 ,! :irl] is !n laid ^u ! b5*1 & ! h+e piece let d[n4 ,?is relaxes ! /ra9 ^u ! lea!r laces1 & all[s ! jaw to be lift$ & ! plate remov$4 ,an inv]t$ revolv+ egg-beat] may be made to s]ve = ! same purpose4 ,,dry+ ,,! ,,coat$ ,,z9c4 ,! film ( album5 n[ requires dry+1 :i* %\ld be done ov] a _s lamp4 ,! be/ =m ( lamp is "o ( ! small pocket _s /oves sold by ironmong]s1 & hav+ ! ?ree supports = a kettle cut away4 ,! z9c is held ov] ! flame & kept 9 con/ant motion1 s z to dry ! film z quickly & ev5ly z possible2 no fe> ne$ be felt at apply+ too great a heat s long z ! metal c be held com=tably 9 ! f+]s4 ,:5 dry1 ! plate is ready = pr9t+ ^u4 ,= dry+ l>ge plates1 two or m ( ^! /oves w\ld be requir$1 b x is v easy to extemporize a suitable arrangem5t1 by lay+ a l>ge pad ( cotton saturat$ ) spirits ( w9e 9 a t9 di%1 & sett+ x on fire2 by ?is means a /ove ( any desir$ dim5sions c be prep>$ quickly4 ,to ext+ui% su* a flame1 cov] x ) a l>ge %eet ( z9c4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! film on ! z9c is n[ v s5sitive to #dc light1 !re=e ! prep>ation ( ! film mu/ be done 9 a yell[ light1 z mu/ also ! op]ation ( plac+ x 9 ! pr9t+-frame1 ink+ up1 & developm5t2 gas or lamp light may be us$1 z ! film is n s5sitive to artificial light ( a l[ act9ic p[]4 ,,! ,,pr9t+ ,,frame4 ,! pr9t+-frames us$ = ?is purpose mu/ be ( ! box patt]n1 fitt$ ) /\t plate-glass fronts1 ! cross b>s beh9d be+ fitt$ ) wood5 screws1 in/ead ( spr+s1 z absolute contact c only be obta9$ betwe5 ! surfaces ( ! glass negative & z9c plate by means ( screw-pressure4 ,! front glass ( ! pr9t+-frame mu/ be kept p]fectly clean1 & especial c>e mu/ be tak5 t no grit be ^u ei!r glass1 inside ! frame1 or on ! back ( ! negative1 else ! negative w be brok54 ,,tim+ ,,& ,,exposure4 ,! "t ( exposure to light is measur$ by means ( an act9omet]1 :i* is simply an in/rum5t 9 :i* is a /rip ( s5sitive pap]1 expos$ "u a graduat$ s]ies ( diff]5t ?icknesses ( transluc5t pap]1 ea* division or gradation be+ di/+ui%$ by a numb]1 ?us3 ,no4 #a has only "o ?ickness ( pap] ov] x2 ,no4 #b1 two ?icknesses1 & s on4 ,b on acc\nt ( ! ev] v>y+ int5sity ( ! light1 a scre5 act9omet] t is reliable is almo/ an impossibility4 ,! be/ mu/ be closely wat*$ 9 a bright light1 s t ! t9ts are *ang$ ev5ly4 ,johnson's act9omet] is v simple & h&y2 x consi/s ( a cubical box ) two lids1 ! inn] "o s]v+ to press ! pap] 9 contact ) ! glass ( ! out] lid2 ! out] lid has a circul> op5+ ) a n>r[ rectangul> /rip 9 ! c5tre transp>5t1 ! re/ ( ! glass be+ cov]$ ) pigm5t ! color assum$ by ! s5sitive pap] aft] exposure to ! light4 ,:5 ! /rip ( s5sitive pap] inside has assum$ ?is color1 x is call$ "o t9t2 ! /rip ( pap] is !n pull$ =w>d1 & ano!r portion1 q :ite is br\ght "u ! transp>5t portion ( glass1 & :5 ! light has turn$ t ! color ( ! pigm5t1 t c\nts two t9ts1 & s on4 ,! pap] us$ 9 ! act9omet] is ord9>y album5iz$ pap]4 ,! exposure ( z9c 9 ! pr9t+-frame "u a good l9e negative1 w be ab\t six or eight t9ts 9 diffus$ light1 b 9 direct sunlight ! exposure may be tim$ by ! wat*1 a suitable l9e negative nev] requir+ m ?an f ?ree to five m9utes4 #dd ,,ink+ ,,! ,,expos$ ,,z9c4 ,! s5sitive z9c hav+ be5 expos$ to light "u ! negative1 next cov] ! surface ) a ?9 coat+ ( li?o-transf] ink1 /one to /one4 ,= ?is purpose we require a type-pr9t]'s composition roll]1 m\nt$ ^u a li?o /ock4 ,?is roll] mu/ be p]fectly smoo? & ca/ 9 a solid m\ld1 z ! l9e along ! side1 =m$ by a split m\ld w\ld r5d] x useless = ink+ up a z9c plate4 ,a roll] eight in*es long by five or six in*es 9 diamet] is a useful size4 ,we also require an ink+ slab1 a palette knife1 a bottle ( turp5t9e1 ) ! cork cut s t ! turp5t9e c be spr9kl$ out )\t hav+ to remove ! cork1 a t9 ( transf] ink1 & a l95 clo? or two4 ,! ink+ slab may be made ( smoo? iron1 or a suitable li?ographic /one is good4 #de ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,pr9t+ ,,on ,,! ,,z9c ,,9 ,,album54 ,! negative be+ ready = pr9t+1 select a piece ( z9c a little l>g] ea* way ?an ! picture1 poli%1 !n gra91 & aft] well wa%+ x "u ! tap & g5tly rubb+ x ) a f9e sponge1 or a pl$get ( cotton-wool1 place x 9 ! :irl]2 aga9 r9se "u ! tap1 n[ inv]t ! :irl] & set x revolv+2 !n exam9e ! surface ( ! z9c & see t !re is no dirt on ! surface1 b t x is q smoo?4 ,if x is n1 r9se x aga9 "u ! tap1 & rub x g5tly ) ! sponge1 & aga9 r9se4 ,?is %\ld q free ! z9c f any deposit ( dirt4 ,n[ :irl x s z to get rid ( z mu* z possible ( ! wat]1 !n p\r ov] ! surface ( ! z9c suffici5t to cov] x1 ( ! foll[+ solution 7c>efully filt]$ ?r\gh cotton-wool73 ,album5 ( "o ,egg4 ,wat] #g ounces4 ,saturat$ ,solution ( ,bi*romate ( ,pota% #a ounce4 ,place ! :ite ( egg 9 a bottle conta9+ a lot ( small pieces ( p]fectly clean glass1 !n add ! wat] & %ake x well = a m9ute2 !n add ! solution ( bi*romate & aga9 %ake x well4 ,n[ place a pl$get ( cotton-wool 9 ! neck ( a glass funnel1 & pass a few ounces ( clean wat] ?r\gh 7if ?is is n done1 !re w be difficulty 9 gett+ ! album5 to filt]72 dra9 z mu* z possible ( ! wat] away1 & !n filt] ! album5 into a clean bottle2 :5 all ! solution has gone ?r\gh1 remove ! cotton-wool f ! funnel1 :i* well wa%1 !n re*>ge ) a fre% pl$get1 pass "s wat] ?r\gh1 & aga9 filt] ! album5 solution ?r\gh1 ?is "t into a t5 ounce glass-measure1 :i* is to be us$ = p\r+ f ^u ! z9c4 ,! /em ( ! funnel %\ld be long en\gh to rea* ! bottom ( ! glass measure1 s t ! =mation ( air-bubbles be avoid$1 :i* is impossible ) album5 if ! funnel is n bel[ ! surface ( ! filtrate4 ,( ?is1 p\r ov] ! z9c suffici5t to well cov] ! surface1 lett+ any surplus g into ! s9k2 !n set ! :irl] revolv+1 coat aga91 & #df aga9 :irl2 n[ exam9e ! surface1 & if x is free f du/1 spots1 & air-bubbles1 remove ! z9c & dry x ov] ! _s /ove4 ,b if ei!r air-bubbles or du/ be pres5t1 wa% !m (f "u ! tap1 & beg9 aga94 ,! film be+ dry1 get ! pr9t+ frame ready1 see t ! surface ( ! glass inside is q clean & free f grit1 z also ! back ( ! negative1 tak+ special c>e t ! ridge ( v>ni% :i* (t5 =ms at ! bottom ( ! negative be remov$1 z ! slighte/ inequality ( surface w surely cause disa/] directly ! screws ex]t _! pressure4 ,d n lay ! negative into ! frame flat ^u ! glass1 b slide x 9 f "o side1 s z to c>ry any du/ away f ! glass front ( ! pr9t+ frame4 ,! negative be+ 9 ! frame1 film side up1 lay ! coat$ z9c ^u x1 face d[n1 judg+ ! prop] position & plac+ ! z9c flat d[n ^u ! negative2 n[ put a piece ( br[n pap] ov] ! back ( ! z9c1 !n place ! back ( ! pr9t+ frame 9 place1 fa/5 d[n ! cross b>s & apply ! pressure screws1 ev5ly & g5tly4 ,d n screw "o side tight be=e ! o!r has be5 t\*$1 b screw d[n s z to tight5 all z ev5ly z possible4 ,ev5 pressure be+ appli$1 see t ! front ( ! frame is clean1 & !n expose to direct sunlight = five m9utes4 ,remove ! frame to ! d>k-room1 unfa/5 ! cross b>s & remove ! z9c1 tak+ great c>e to avoid scrat*+ its film aga9/ ! film ( ! negative4 ,aft] wip+ ! ink+ slab ) clean l95 place a piece ( ! transf] ink1 ab\t ! size ( a small bean1 ^u ! upp] corn]1 spr9kle ?is ) a little turp5t9e1 & mix !m ) ! palette knife until !y are ( ab\t ! consi/5cy ( pr9t+ ink4 ,n[ ) ! palette knife spread "s ( ?is mixture z f> z possible ov] ! ink+ slab1 & !n di/ribute x ) ! composition roll]4 ,roll to & fro1 across & diagonally1 until !re is a ?91 ev5 coat+ ( ink all ov] ! slab 7n t\*+ ! corn] :]e ! ink 0 mix$ ) ! turp5t9e7 & ^u ! roll]2 if ! mixture is too dry & refuses to spread1 spr9kle on a little m turp5t9e1 b d n use too mu*1 else x w take a long "t to evaporate4 ,! roll] hav+ a coat ( r moi/ ink spread ev5ly ^u x1 place ! expos$ z9c1 face up1 on a piece ( clean :ite pap]1 & proce$ to roll x briskly to & fro1 us+ a mod]ate am\nt ( pressure1 until ! :ole ( ! turp5t9e has evaporat$2 x %\ld leave a ?9 coat ( ink ) an ev5 #dg matt surface1 n ?ick en\gh to q hide ! yell[ film ( ! s5sitive album51 z1 if x does hide x1 too mu* has be5 put on1 & x w mo/ likely sme> 9 developm5t4 ,if1 aft] fir/ apply+ ! roll]1 ! ink on ! z9c seems likely to be too ?ick1 at once wipe ! roll] dry1 & !n roll ! z9c briskly until ! coat ( ink is p]fectly ev5 & ! turp5t9e evaporat$4 ,at ?is /age ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u gett+ ! coat ( ink ev54 ,if !re are pat*es ( ?ick & pat*es ( ?91 spr9kle "s turp5t9e ^u ! slab1 quickly *>ge ! roll]1 & roll up ! z9c aga91 until ! coat ( ink is ?9 & ev54 ,an ev5 coat ( ink be+ obta9$1 ! z9c is laid 9 a tray conta9+ clean cold wat] ( a suffici5t dep? to well cov] ! surface4 ,n[ take a pl$get ( cotton-wool & rub ! surface g5tly1 :5 ! ink cov]+ ! album5 protect$ f light by ! black portions ( ! negative1 w wa% away1 leav+ ! picture on ! z9c 9 ink2 if ! f9] details d n develop easily1 cont9ue ! rubb+ ) ! cotton-wool1 b be c>eful n to rub s h>d z to scrat* ! ink l9es4 ,all details be+ develop$1 r9se ! picture "u ! tap & put x away to dry1 :i* at ord9>y temp]ature w take b a few m9utes4 ,! *ances ( failure 9 ?is portion ( ! process are1 fir/ ( all1 air bubbles & du/ spots 9 ! film4 ,^! w at once decl>e !mselves4 ,! rem$y1 is increas$ c>e & cleanl9ess4 ,if1 ^u developm5t1 "s ( ! l9es are miss+1 !n ! z9c & ! negative h n be5 9 actual contact1 or if ! f9] l9es wa% away easily1 !n ! exposure has n be5 long en\gh2 :il/ if x has be5 too long1 ei!r ! f9] details are cov]$ up or ! :ole refuses to "p ) any ink4 ,a satisfactory pr9t1 %[+ all ! l9es ( ! orig9al hav+ be5 obta9$1 dry1 by fir/ blott+ (f ! wat]1 !n by g5tle heat1 aft] :i* ! z9c is ready = ! et*+ room4 #dh ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,pr9t+ ,,on ,,z9c ,,9 ,,bitum54 ,! process describ$ 9 ! previ\s *apt] is mo/ suitable = pr9t+ on z9c1 = blocks t are n ov]bur!n$ ) f9e l9es1 & is int5d$ = r\gh pr9t+2 & also1 :5 f want ( sunlight1 & ! exig5cies ( bus9ess1 ! exposure has to be made by electric light2 b :5 ! subjects are v f9e1 & ! blocks mu/ be ( ! v be/1 x w be bett] to pr9t ! image 9 bitum52 !n ! fir/ et*+ c be done )\t hav+ to ink up previ\s to imm]s+ 9 ! acid ba? 7:i* mu/ be done aft] develop+ ! ink$ album5 image71 s gett+ ! %>pe/ possible results1 & also secur+ bett] dep? to close "w ?an :5 ! ink+ up has to be done be=e bit+ 94 ,n[ ! g5]ally accept$ idea ( bitum5 is1 t x requires su* a long exposure to light z to be practically useless1 except = direct sun pr9t+2 b t only /&s good :]e ! bitum5 is n prep>$ prop]ly & :]e too ?ick a film is us$ ^u ! plate4 ,by prep>+ ! bitum5 z describ$ bel[ & tak+ c>e to h a v ?9 film ( ! s5sitive bitum5 ^u ! z9c plate1 !n ! exposure ei!r to sunlight or electric light is n m ?an d\ble t ( album54 ,!re is "o especial virtue 9 a bitum5 film4 ,if by *ance too mu* exposure to light has be5 giv51 a prolong$ imm]sion 9 ! develop+ liquid 7turp5t9e7 w rem$y ! defect1 :]eas if an album5 image be ov]-expos$ x is q spoil$1 & ! "w mu/ be done aga94 ,we are /ill ^u ! subject ( l9e "w1 & ! same class ( negative desirable = pr9t+ on an album5 film is necess>y = pr9t+ ^u bitum51 viz41 ! l9es mu/ be cle> glass )\t veil1 & ! re/ ( ! negative mu/ be suffici5tly opaque to /op ! passage ( light4 ,! s5sitive solution ( bitum5 is made by procur+ a small quantity ( photographic bitum5 or asphaltum1 & p[d]+ x 9 a clean1 dry mort>4 ,next take a clean & dry glass beak]1 half fill$ ) me?ylat$ e!r1 & p\r into x ! p[d]$ bitum51 /irr+ ) a glass rod = a few m9utes2 n[ cov] ! beak] ) a piece ( ?9 %eet ,india-rubb]1 & ^u t #di place a piece ( plate glass1 s z to make ! vessel z ne>ly air-tight z possible4 ,all[ to /& a few h\rs1 !n /ir up aga91 & aga9 all[ to /&1 ?is "t all night4 ,!n p\r away ! e!r1 dra9+ ! liquid z closely z possible1 s z to get rid ( all ^? con/itu5ts :i* are soluble 9 ! e!r4 ,n[ add "s m fre% e!r1 /ir ?or\ghly1 & aga9 all[ to /& & settle1 putt+ on ! cov] z be=e1 s z to prev5t evaporation4 ,aft] aga9 settl+1 ! e!r is p\r$ (f1 & all liquid & semi-liquid matt] c>efully dra9$ away4 ,m e!r is add$1 & ! op]ation is repeat$ until ! add$ e!r1 aft] /&+ all night1 is ne>ly or q colorless4 ,! residue 9 ! beak] is remov$ to a glass plate & spread out ov] its surface1 s t any e!r rema9+ may quickly evaporate4 ,dur+ ?is evaporation ( ! e!r1 ! bitum5 mu/ be protect$ f ! action ( :ite light4 ,by ?us purify+ ) e!r we get rid ( ^? con/itu5ts ( ! bitum5 :i* are n s5sitive to light1 & ?us we secure a film ( bitum5 s5sitive to ! action ( light4 ,:5 ! e!r has evaporat$1 take ( ! residue half an ounce & dissolve x 9 pure b5zole 7free f wat]7 fifte5 ounces1 all[ x to /& all night1 !n filt] x ?r\gh filt]+ pap] 7plac+ a %eet ( glass ov] ! funnel to prev5t evaporation74 ,x w keep six mon?s4 ,new z9c plates w require poli%+ fir/ ) rott5 /one1 & f9i%+ ) r\ge1 b plates t h be5 us$ %\ld be fir/ poli%$ ) f9e em]y clo?1 foll[$ by pumice p[d]1 !n by rott5 /one1 & f9i%$ ) r\ge1 rememb]+ t a circul> motion mu/ n be us$4 ,if1 aft] poli%+1 ! surface is at all greasy1 imm]se x 9 ! gra9+ ba? us$ = ! album5iz$ plates1 wa% well & rub away ! scum2 !n ) a p]fectly clean piece ( blott+ pap]1 remove ! wat] f ! surface & dry x ov] ! _s flame4 ,to coat a piece ( z9c ) bitum51 place x 9 ! :irl]1 & :5 fix$ 9 position1 du/ ! surface ) a clean camel's-hair bru%2 !n fl[ ov] x suffici5t ( ! filt]$ bitum5 solution 9 b5zole1 !n l[] ! :irl] & set x 9 motion2 :irl rapidly = ab\t a m9ute4 ,?is w equalize ! coat or film ( bitum5 & get rid ( sup]flu\s solution4 ,:5 tak5 f ! :irl] ! plate w be ready at once = ! pr9t+ frame4 ,^! plates d n det]iorate1 & a /ock ( !m may be prep>$ & /or$ away 9 ! d>k till want$4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to all[ ! slighte/ ray ( daylight to fall ^u !m1 else ! action once set up1 w cont9ue1 & spoil ! plate4 #ej ,on exam9+ ! z9c plate aft] remov+ x f ! :irl]1 x w be difficult to realize t !re is really a suffici5t film ( bitum5 on ! z9c1 b !re w be q suffici5t4 ,9 pr9t+ ^u bitum5 f negatives t h be5 v>ni%$1 x w be z well to rub ! v>ni%$ surface ( ! negative ) a pl$get ( cotton dipp$ 9 dry ,fr5* *alk4 ,! same c>e 9 putt+ into ! pr9t+ frame1 z enjo9$ 9 ! *apt] on z9c pr9t+ ) bi*romat$ album51 is requisite ) ^! plates1 z is also ! apply+ ! pressure by means ( ! screws4 ,! exposure to light w v>y f t5 m9utes 9 ! sun1 to two or ?ree h\rs 9 ! %ade4 ,,develop+ ,,! ,,image4 ,to develop1 place ! expos$ plate1 face up1 9 a %all[ t9 tray1 & p\r into ! tray suffici5t turp5t9e to cov] ! plate2 rock ! tray s z to keep ! solution 9 motion1 & 7if ! exposure has be5 "r7 ! image w gradually make its appe>ance2 ! bitum5 protect$ f ! action ( light by ! d5se portions ( ! negative gradually dissolves away4 ,z ! developm5t approa*es completion1 great c>e mu/ be us$1 & :5 ! la/ detail is visible1 remove ! plate1 & r9se x ) wat] f a rose top2 n[1 if ! image is q p]fect1 imm]se ! plate at once 9 a mixture ( nitric acid & wat]1 ! acid be+ j /rong en\gh to ta/e4 ,keep ! tray conta9+ ?is acid solution rock+ = ab\t a m9ute1 !n remove ! plate1 & wa% x ?or\ghly1 rubb+ x v g5tly ) cotton-wool4 ,if ! exposure "u ! negative has be5 b>ely suffici5t1 ! image w be too delicate = t\*+1 s be=e rubb+ x ) ! cotton-wool1 try "s portion ( ! m>g91 & if t /&s ! friction1 x is all "r2 if n1 be cont5t ) r9s+ ) wat]4 ,! imm]sion 9 ! acid wat] w h remov$ ! %9y appe>ance ( ! z9c1 & ! matt surface w enable ! op]ator to see if all ! requisite details ( ! image are visible4 ,if n1 & !y are cov]$ ) bitum51 ano!r imm]sion 9 ! turp5t9e w complete ! developm5t2 b if any ( ! l9es are rott5 or ! details are dissolv$ away1 ! exposure has be5 too %ort1 & ! plate w require repoli%+ & ano!r exposure4 ,! image be+ satisfactory1 ! wat] is blott$ (f ) clean blott+ pap] & all[$ to dry4 ,don't use heat = dry+4 ,x may !n be expos$ to light = a few m9utes4 ,?is is n absolutely necess>y1 al?\gh x t5ds to make ! image f9]4 ,! plate is n[ ready = et*+ 9 relief4 #ea ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,direct ,,transf]s ,,to ,,z9c4 ,we h n[ treat$ ( ! v>i\s /ages necess>y to obta9 a photographic transf] ^u z9c1 f a draw+ or engrav+1 9 l9e1 9 dot1 or 9 /ipple1 fir/ by mak+ !refrom1 9 ! cam]a1 a negative--same size1 r$uc$1 or enl>g$--& f t negative a pr9t on z9c1 ei!r 9 ink on an album5 basis1 or 9 bitum54 ,^! transf]s c be us$1 ei!r = yield+ re-transf]s = li?ographic press1 or 7z is at pres5t our int5tion7 = et*+ into relief1 = use z blocks = pr9t+ f lett]-press4 ,be=e proce$+ to in/ruction = et*+ ^! photographic transf]s into relief1 we w consid] ! me?od ( deal+ ) ! direct transf] ( draw+s1 9 l9e or *alk1 to z9c1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( photography4 ,= direct transf]s to z9c1 ! picture is drawn by ! arti/ ! exact dim5sions ( ! f9i%$ block2 if 9 l9e1 on ord9>y li?ographic writ+ transf] pap]1 9 ord9>y li?ographic writ+ ink1 j 9 ! same way t an ord9>y l9e subject is treat$ = ord9>y li?ography4 ,if ! subject is 9 *alk1 x may be drawn on a gra9$ li?ographic /one1 :i* is roll$ up1 et*$1 wa%$ out1 aga9 roll$ up1 !n ! transf] is pull$2 or ! picture may be drawn ^u specially prep>$ transf] pap]1 l ,josz's polygraphic transf] pap]1 or o!r gra9$ pap] made = ! purpose2 or ! subject may already be on /one1 z a li?ograph1 or x may be a copp]-plate engrav+1 9 :i* case transf]s are pull$ & !n put d[n ^u z9c 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,9 mak+ draw+s on li?ographic transf] pap]1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid t\*+ ! surface ) ! f+]s1 z f+]-m>ks w transf] & roll up black4 ,9 l9e "w all l9es mu/ be firm & black2 no attempt mu/ be made to get effect by us+ ?9 or pale ink4 ,9 *alk "w1 also1 ! draw+ mu/ be firm & /rong1 & ! corrections & alt]ations made on ! transf]1 n left to be done on ! /one4 ,if ! corrections or alt]ations are small1 !y may be remov$ ) an ink eras]1 or by c>eful wa%+ ) turp5t9e1 s t all ! *alk is remov$2 if ! #eb correction be l>ge1 pa/e a piece ( clean transf] pap] ov] ! place1 spread+ ! pa/e z ?9 z possible2 gum mu/ n be us$4 ,! draw+ on transf] pap] be+ obta9$1 ! next /ep is to transf] x to /one2 !n1 aft] roll+ up & prov+1 ano!r transf] is made1 :i* is to z9c4 ,f an engrav$ copp] plate a transf] is made on ,india or ^u ,scot* transf] pap]1 on ei!r a copp]-plate press or a li?ographic press1 & !n transf]r$ direct to ! z9c4 ,! engrav$ copp] plate is fir/ ( all exam9$ to see t all ! old ink is out ( ! l9es2 if n1 wa% ) turp5t9e & wipe q dry2 !n1 9 a piece ( clean l95 rag1 tie up "s plate re-transf] ink2 w>m ! copp] plate1 ei!r on ! hot plate or ov] a ,buns5 burn]1 until x c be b>ely held 9 ! h&2 !n1 hold+ x 9 a piece ( clo? to protect ! f+]s1 rub 9 ! ink ti$ up 9 ! l95 rag1 until suffici5t is melt$ to well cov] ! surface1 tak+ c>e to see t ! ink is rubb$ well into ! l9es4 ,!n take a piece ( clean1 s(t rag & wipe (f ! ink f ! surface ( ! plate c>efully1 s z n to remove x f ! rev]s$ l9es2 ?is is be/ secur$ by wip+ across ! l9es1 n ) !m4 ,:5 ! surface ( ! plate is q free f ink1 rub ! l[] "p ( ! palm ( ! h& ^u a ball ( :it+1 & proce$ to poli% ! surface ( ! plate4 ,d n get too mu* :it+ ^u ! h&1 else x may /ick to ! ink & prev5t x adh]+ to ! transf] pap]4 ,n[ place a piece ( clean transf] pap] 7,india or ,scot*71 a little l>g] ?an ! plate1 face d[nw>d ^u a piece ( clean pap]1 sponge ! back ) a damp sponge1 !n let x lie a few m9utes1 s z to get ev5ly damp all ?r\gh4 ,n[ see t ! press is ready4 ,if a copp]-plate press is to be us$1 see t ! b$ is free f grit1 & t ! blankets are 9 place2 if a li?ographic press is to be us$1 put 9 a /one1 wipe x free f grit1 & see t ! scrap] is all "r2 remove ! tympan if ( lea!r1 b if ( z9c or millbo>d x is all "r4 ,n[ put ! ink$ & poli%$ copp] plate ^u ! /one1 & ! damp transf] pap]1 face d[n1 ^u ! copp] plate2 !n ^u ! transf] pap] place a piece ( pr9t]'s blanket1 turn d[n ! tympan1 or put a piece ( ?9 millbo>d ov] ! blanket1 run ! b$ ( ! press "u ! scrap]1 turn d[n ! lev]1 &1 if necess>y1 adju/ ! pressure 7a good nip is necess>y71 !n run ! b$ ?r\gh2 n[ raise ! lev]1 pull out ! b$1 lift ! tympan & blanket1 rev]se ! plate1 & pull #ec ?r\gh aga94 ,n[ g5tly w>m ! plate1 & c>efully lift away ! transf] pap]1 :i* %\ld conta9 ! picture ) e l9e firm & %>p2 if x is n s1 suffici5t pressure has n be5 us$1 or ! transf] pap] has be5 made too damp1 or suffici5t ink has n be5 put into ! l9es4 ,! transf]1 ei!r drawn 9 l9e or 9 *alk1 or f a plate1 be+ obta9$1 x is next transf]r$ to a poli%$ li?o /one4 ,( c\rse1 ! picture c be at once transf]r$ to ! z9c :i* x is int5d$ to et*1 b x w be f\nd be/ to fir/ ( all transf] to /one1 !n f ! /one pull a transf]1 & transf] t to ! z9c1 s t 9 case ( an accid5t dur+ ! et*+ ano!r plate c be quickly prep>$4 ,be=e plac+ !m ^u ! /one1 ! prep>$ transf]s %\ld lie 9 a damp+ book until ev5ly damp4 ,n[ take a poli%$ li?o /one & place x 9 front ( a fire or 9 ! sun until x is q dry1 !n place x ^u ! b$ ( ! press1 & adju/ ! pressure2 !n place ! transf] ^u ! /one 9 su* a mann] t x lies )\t any slurr+4 ,next place a piece ( clean pap] ^u ! transf]1 !n ! blanket1 l[] ! tympan1 run 9 ! c>riage1 l[] ! lev]1 & pull ?r\gh2 !n lift ! lev]1 draw back ! c>riage1 turn ! /one r\nd & pull ?r\gh aga91 !n sponge ! back ( ! transf] ) wat] & pull ?r\gh aga91 repeat+ ! damp+1 & pull+ ?r\gh ?ree or f\r times4 ,n[ ) a wet sponge saturate ! back ( ! transf] ) wat]1 & lift away ! pap]1 !n wa% away ! composition1 leav+ ! image on ! /one2 n[ cov] x ) ?ick gum solution1 & all[ x to dry4 ,if m ?an "o transf] is 9 h& at a "t1 !y are trimm$ z closely z possible & pa/$ ) v ?9 pa/e close toge!r ^u a l>ge piece ( pap]1 & !n all c be transf]r$ at "o op]ation4 ,! gum ^u ! /one be+ dry1 wa% x (f c>efully ) clean wat]1 !n roll up ) transf] ink4 ,clean away any dirt !re may be ) sponge & snake /one2 :]e ! snake /one _c be us$1 a piece ( po9t$ wood1 dipp$ into acid gum1 w cle> way ! dirt4 ,take c>e to h ! wet sponge h&y s z to prev5t ! acid spread+ ^u ! "w2 n[ roll up z /rong z possible1 !n et*1 by pass+ ov] wat] acidulat$ ) nitric acid ( su* a /r5g? t x j slightly eff]vesces :5 ! /one is t\*$2 saturate a sponge ) ! weak acidulat$ wat] & g g5tly ov] ! /one1 !n ) ano!r sponge *>g$ ) clean wat]1 wa% (f ! acid4 ,n[ aga9 roll up ) transf] ink z /rong z possible1 & pull ! transf]4 ,*alk draw+s are transf]r$ to /one 9 ! same way1 !n et*$1 b ! acid wat] is all[$ to act a little long] ?an = a l9e transf]1 & aft] #ed wa%+ away ! et*+ solution1 ! picture is wa%$ out ) clean turp5t9e1 !n wip$ ) a sponge1 gumm$ 91 fann$ dry1 moi/5$ ) a wet sponge1 & ! wat] remov$4 ,!n ! image is roll$ up ) transf] ink1 & ! transf]s pull$ = subsequ5t et*+4 ,to transf] to z9c1 take a piece ( poli%$ z9c & imm]se x 9 ! gra9+ ba? 7page #dj7 = ab\t a m9ute2 !n remove x1 wa% x "u ! tap1 & rub x ) s(t sponge2 !n wipe x dry ) a s(t rag1 & w>m ! plate slightly2 lay x ^u a li?o /one 9 ! press1 lay ! transf] 7:i* has be5 ly+ 9 ! damp+ book7 ^u ! z9c plate2 lay ^u ! transf] ! piece ( blanket1 l[] ! tympan & pull ?r\gh2 !n damp ! back ( ! transf]1 pull x ?r\gh aga92 !n rev]se ! plate1 damp5 ! back ( ! transf]1 pull ?r\gh aga92 aga9 damp5 ! back ( ! transf]1 & aga9 pull ?r\gh2 n[ saturate ! transf] ) wat]1 peel (f ! pap]1 remove ! composition1 & apply ) a sponge a suffici5cy ( a solution ( gum 7?ickness ( cream71 #e ounces2 decoction ( nutgalls1 #aj ounces4 ,! decoction ( nutgalls is made z direct$ on page #ef4 ,all[ ?is to /ay on ! z9c = ab\t a m9ute1 !n wa% (f1 cov] ) pla9 gum1 fan dry1 & dip a sponge 9 gum & rub ov] ! plate2 n[ dip a s(t rag into ! gum1 !n into ! et*+ ink 7page #eg7 mix$ ) a little cocoanut oil or mutton fat & middle v>ni%1 cont9u+ ! application ( gum & ink until ! :ole ( ! picture is %>p1 black1 & /rong4 ,be sure & keep ! plate well cov]$ ) gum & ! ink z ?ick z possible4 ,! plate is n[ du/$ ) f9ely p[d]$ res91 spong$ ) a wet sponge1 & !n is plac$ 9 ! et*+ tr\gh conta9+ wat] & j suffici5t nitric acid to ta/e2 9 ?is ! plate rema9s ab\t half a m9ute1 rock+ ! et*+ tr\gh g5tly all ! "t2 n[ remove ! plate1 wa% x "u ! tap1 rubb+ g5tly back & front ) a sponge1 !n dry by g5tle heat2 next coat ! back1 edges1 & m>g9 & portions ( ! front :i* are too l>ge to et* away1 ) ?9 %ellac v>ni%4 ,:5 dry proce$ to et* z direct$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,in/ead ( ink+ up ) ! rag aft] et*+ ) ! acid gum1 wa% (f1 !n roll up ) a lea!r roll] *>g$ ) ! et*+ ink mix$ ) a little cocoanut oil1 & us$ z /iff z x is possible to "w x1 until ! image has tak5 9 all possible1 damp+ ! z9c ) a sponge directly x %[s any signs ( gett+ dry2 !n damp5 slightly1 & repeat z above4 ,next imm]se x 9 ! et*+ ba? z be=e2 wa% well1 & dry2 coat ! back1 edges & m>g9 on ! front ) %ellac v>ni%1 :5 ! plate w be ready = et*+4 #ee ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,et*+ ,,l9e ,,transf]s4 ,= et*+ transf]s on z9c1 :e!r photographic or direct1 we %all require ! foll[+ app>atus3 ,a slab ( iron ab\t #bd #ah in*es & #a_/b or #a in* ?ick1 support$ horizontally ^u f\r legs1 & heat$ by an atmosph]ic burn]1 arrang$ some:at l a gridiron s t ! heat is ev5 all ov]4 ,a set ( roll]s on li?o /ock1 "o ( lea!r1 "o ( flannel1 & "o or two glaz$ roll]s1 ! same z li?ograph]s use = t9t pr9t+--we also require an et*+ box--i4 e41 a wood5 tray1 #cj #bd in*es1 & #h in*es deep1 well made ( season$ wood1 l9$ ) ei!r pit* 7) a little tall[ add$71 or gutta-p]*a1 & m\nt$ ^u rock]s4 ,?is box w require a firm table = its support dur+ ! et*+1 said table /&+ z close z conv5i5t to a s9k & wat] tap4 ,! o!r requisites us$ dur+ et*+1 are1 nitric acid1 turp5t9e1 gum ,arabic ( a good quality1 "s p[d]$ nutgalls1 ?ree or f\r sponges1 "s f9ely p[d]$ res91 a flat camel's-hair bru%1 a solution ( %ellac 9 spirits ( w9e1 & ! foll[+ inks3 ,fir/ ! et*+ ink1 compos$ ( beeswax "o-qu>t] ounce1 ,russian tall[ two ounces1 bitum5 half an ounce1 middle v>ni% two ounces4 ,melt ^! toge!r 9 a pan ov] a fire1 or ,buns5 burn]1 /irr+ well dur+ ! op]ation1 s z to mix !m ?or\ghly2 :5 all are melt$1 add five ounces ( ord9>y lett]press pr9t+-ink1 & ?or\ghly mix2 !n all[ to boil & cont9ue ! heat until ! gas escap+ f ! bur/+ bubbles explodes ^u ! application ( a light$ tap]2 !n remove all f ! fire1 & all[ to cool4 ,= a h>d ink1 = use aft] ! plate is et*$ deep en\gh1 & ! resi/ is clean$ (f1 mix ,beeswax #a_/b ounce4 ,res9 #a ounce4 ,%oemak]'s ,wax #a ounce4 ,black ,li?o ,ink 7ab\t #a a p\nd7 #b ounces4 #ef ,melt1 !n cool & mix ) turp5t9e to make x ! consi/5cy ( s(t soap4 ,n[1 ) ^! & a solution ( gum ,arabic 79 cold wat]71 ! ?ickness ( cream1 add "o-qu>t] p9t ( a decoction ( nutgalls to ea* qu>t ( gum solution4 ,! decoction ( nutgalls is made by add+ "o-qu>t] p\nd ( bruis$ nutgalls to "o & "o-half p9ts ( wat]1 9 an e>!nw>e vessel 7n metal72 boil1 !n all[ to /& at ! fire & simm] g5tly = six h\rs1 keep+ ! vessel cov]$ ov]2 !n all[ to cool1 filt] & add ! prop] quantity to ! above gum solution4 ,we w assume t a suitable place is provid$ = c>ry+ on ! op]ations to be describ$1 9 ! %ape ( pl5ty ( b5* room1 & a good light to "w by4 ,! fir/ /age 9 et*+ a z9c plate 9 relief is1 to slightly w>m x ^u ! hot plate1 !n all[ x to cool 7by-!-bye1 x w be v conv5i5t to h a clean li?o /one h&y = plac+ ! plate ^u to cool quickly74 ,! plate be+ cold1 ) a piece ( s(t sponge c>efully sme> x ov] ) ! gum solution1 all[ ! gum to dry1 spontane\sly1 9 a cold curr5t ( air2 if heat be appli$ ! gum w crack & br+ away ! image f ! plate4 ,:il/ ! gum is dry+1 ) a palette knife place equal p>ts ( transf] ink 7page #dd7 & ( et*+ ink 7page #ed7 ^u "o corn] ( ! ink+ slab1 !n ?9 to ! consi/5cy ( cream1 ) middle v>ni%1 ?or\ghly incorporat+ ! ?ree +r$i5ts ) ! palette knife4 ,n[ place a little ( ?is ink ^u ! lea!r roll] & roll vigor\sly ^u ! slab1 s z to di/ribute ! ink ?or\ghly ^u bo? roll] & slab2 be c>eful n to get too mu* ink on ! roll]1 nor to h x too ?92 9 fact1 "w ! ink z /iff z is possible4 ,n[ lay ! z9c ^u a piece ( clean pap]1 & sponge x g5tly ov] ) a wet sponge1 s z to loos5 ! film ( gum1 !n squeeze ! sponge ne>ly dry1 & pass x ov] ! plate aga91 s z to insure x be+ ev5ly damp all ov]1 b be c>eful n to make x too dry4 ,n[ proce$ to roll up1 by pass+ ! *>g$ roll] to & fro ov] ! plate1 us+ mod]ate pressure & sl[ motion1 re*>g+ ! roll] at %ort int]vals f ! ink+ slab4 ,occasionally use ! damp sponge s z to keep ! plate suffici5tly damp to resi/ ! ink4 ,if ! roll] slides in/ead ( roll+1 wipe x ) an old l95 rag1 :i* w remove ! moi/ure2 !n re*>ge ! roll] aga9 ^u ! slab4 #eg ,! roll+ is cont9u$ until ! :ole image is an int5se black1 :5 x is c>efully du/$ ov] ) v f9ely p[d]$ res9 appli$ ) a broad camel's-hair bru%1 tak+ c>e t all ! image gets cov]$4 ,!n rub x g5tly ) a wet1 s(t sponge & place x 9 ! et*+ box conta9+ a mixture ( wat] & nitric acid1 ! acid be+ only j p]ceptible to ! ta/e4 ,! plate %\ld rema9 9 ?is = "o m9ute 7! box be+ kept rock+72 x is !n remov$1 & ?or\ghly wa%$ back & front "u ! tap4 ,rub x g5tly ) a clean s(t sponge4 ,?is et*+ is m]ely to remove any traces ( gum or dirt f ! z9c :i* w\ld int]f]e ) ! %ellac v>ni% hold+4 ,n[ dry ! plates1 us+ g5tle heat1 !n coat ! back ) ?9 %ellac v>ni% to protect x f ! acid2 d ! same to ! m>g9 ( ! picture on front1 also v>ni% ! c5tre ( any v broad :ites up to half an in* ( ! image1 s t ! acid dissolves no m z9c ?an is necess>y4 ,n[ exam9e ! image c>efully1 & if any ( ! l9es are defective t\* !m up1 & make any alt]ations & additions requir$4 ,! plate is n[ ready = ! fir/ et*+1 = :i* purpose a little nitric acid is add$ to ! wat] 9 ! et*+ tray--precise directions _c be giv5 z to h[ mu* acid to add1 z s mu* dep5ds ^u ! area ( z9c on ! plate t requires dissolv+2 practice1 h[ev]1 w soon enable ! op]ator to judge ! prop] quantity4 ,if too mu* acid is add$1 ! plate w quickly be cov]$ ) myriads ( m9ute bubbles1 9 :i* case x mu/ be in/antly remov$1 well wa%$1 & ! ba? dilut$ ) wat] be=e ! plate is reimm]s$4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is too little acid pres5t1 ! action is too sl[1 & m mu/ be add$4 ,! fir/ et*+ mu/ be c>efully wat*$1 & ! rock+ cont9u$1 until ! application ( ! f+]-nail to ! m>g9 %[s t ! z9c inside has be5 dissolv$ away to a dep? ( ab\t ! ?ickness ( a visit+ c>d4 ,! fir/ et*+ is ! mo/ important ( ! :ole1 z unless a suffici5t dep? be atta9$ ! %>p l9es w n be obta9$2 & z ! ink is n yet capable ( resi/+ too /rong acid1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! "w is n damag$2 proce$ cauti\sly1 add+ acid f "t to "t z requir$4 ,z a rule1 ! fir/ et*+ w take f five to t5 m9utes 7! tray be+ kept rock+ all ! "t74 ,:5 x is judg$ t ! fir/ et*+ has be5 c>ri$ f> en\gh1 remove ! plate f ! tray1 wa% x well "u ! tap1 rubb+ g5tly ) a #eh sponge1 s z to remove ! scum left by ! acid1 dry by means ( g5tle heat1 !n all[ x to cool4 ,:5 ! plate is q cold1 sme> x ov] ) gum solution1 & ) a piece ( c>dbo>d1 fan ! gum dry4 ,n[ spr9kle ! ink+ slab ) turp5t9e1 & ) a clo? wipe ! slab clean4 ,take a piece ( et*+ ink & ?9 x ) middle v>ni%1 mix+ !m well ) ! palette knife ^u ! slab2 n[ take ! lea!r roll]1 & ) ! palette knife place a little ( ! ink ^u x1 & roll up on ! slab until bo? roll] & slab are well coat$2 b on no acc\nt mu/ !re be too mu* ink1 nor mu/ x be too ?94 ,n[ lay ! z9c d[n on ! b5*1 on a piece ( clean pap]1 & ) ! wet sponge c>efully wa% (f ! gum2 !n wipe all sup]flu\s wat] (f ! plate1 & roll up ) ! lea!r roll] *>g$ z above2 roll ! plate fir/ "o way1 & !n ! o!r1 keep+ ! z9c ev5ly damp all ov]1 else ! ink w cat* 9 ! :ites1 & probably spoil ! picture4 ,:5 ! roll+ is complet$1 & z mu* ink z possible has be5 pil$ on1 ! z9c w be ne>ly dry4 ,if n1 all[ x to /& 9 a cold curr5t = a little "t1 !n take x to ! draw] 9 :i* ! p[d]$ res9 is kept1 & sme> ! plate all ov] ) ! p[d]4 ,n[ bru% z mu* ( ! res9 away z w come1 us+ ! bru% f all sides1 s t all ! l9es get ev5ly coat$1 n only on ! top1 b ^u ! sides2 ?is be+ done1 take a damp sponge & c>efully remove ! sup]flu\s res9 f ! :ites1 or unprotect$ z9c4 ,! plate is n[ ready = ! second et*+1 & ! solution 9 ! et*+ tray mu/ be re9=c$ by ! addition ( a little acid2 b d n add too mu* at once4 ,x w be f> be/ to add a little at a "t1 & !n1 z soon z ! z9c %[s !re is no action go+ on1 add a little m2 an easy & simple me?od ( asc]ta9+ :e!r any acid be pres5t or n is to wipe ! b>e metal ) ! tip ( ! f+]1 & if t spot 7:i* w be bright] ?an ! surr\nd+ p>ts7 does n spe$ily resume its d+y color1 ! acid is exhau/$4 ,! plate be+ imm]s$ 9 ! solution1 set ! tray rock+1 & pay att5tion to ! rem>ks above4 ,at ! end ( t5 m9utes remove ! plate f ! tray1 wa% x "u ! tap1 rub x g5tly ) s(t sponge1 !n remove z mu* ( ! wat] z possible1 & exam9e ! progress made by ! acid4 ,?is c be se5 by ! l9es be+ b>e bel[ ! ink1 9 :i* case ! et*+ has be5 c>ri$ f> en\gh1 & if n /opp$1 !re w\ld be dang] #ei ( "u-cutt+2 if1 h[ev]1 no progress has be5 made1 add a little m acid to ! solution1 replace ! z9c1 & rock aga9 = ano!r five or t5 m9utes4 ,! second et*+ be+ effect$1 ! z9c is c>efully wa%$1 & ! scum left by ! acid is c>efully spong$ away2 n[ /& ! z9c up ne> ! hot plate1 s t x w get ! b5efit ( a g5tle heat1 & :5 q dry lay x ^u ! hot plate 7:i* %\ld be heat$ to a temp]ature ( #abj to #aej ,f47 face up1 ) a piece ( br[n pap] betwe5 ! z9c plate & ! hot plate4 ,z soon z ! z9c plate beg9s to get hot1 !re w be a t5d5cy to curl slightly away f ! hot plate1 :i*1 if all[$1 w\ld prev5t ! ink be+ ev5ly melt$4 ,to prev5t ?is1 take a brad-awl 9 ea* h&1 & press d[n ! sides ( ! z9c1 tak+ c>e n to t\* any ( ! picture4 ,all[ ! z9c to rema9 on ! hot plate until ! ink & res9 are melt$ & run d[n to ! bottom ( ! et*+1 !n remove x & lay x on ! cold slab until ! plate is cold4 ,:5 cold1 sme> ! plate ) ! gum solution1 fan x dry 7nev] use heat = dry+ ! gum71 moi/5 ) wet sponge1 roll up aga9 7use ! lea!r roll]71 us+ ! ink pretty /iff on ! ink+ slab2 keep ! surface ( ! z9c well moi/5$4 ,:5 ! roll] gets too mu* wat] ^u x1 pass a piece ( damp *eese-clo? ov] x to remove ! wat]2 !n roll ! roll] vigor\sly on ! slab until x aga9 bites ! ink4 ,cont9ue roll+ ! z9c until all portions h receiv$ due att5tion f ! roll]4 ,n4 ,b4--,"s ( ! close/ "w w be q block$ up ?is "t1 & ea* subsequ5t roll+ w block up m & m1 until only ! v op5 "w w be left4 ,n[ all[ ! z9c to get dry1 !n cov] x ) res91 bru%+ f all sides1 s z to coat ! sides ( ! l9es z well z ! top1 & !n remove all sup]flu\s res9 f ! :ites ) a damp sponge4 ,! z9c is n[ ready = ! next et*+1 = :i* m acid is add$ to ! solution 9 ! et*+ tray4 ,rock ! tray c>efully1 wat*+ ! z9c to see t ! acid is nei!r too weak nor too /rong1 until ! progress c be se5 by exam9+ ! plate2 ! "t1 ) ! prop] quantity ( acid1 is tw5ty to ?irty m9utes4 ,:5 ! et*+ has proce$$ f> en\gh1 aft] wa%+ & spong+1 aga9 all[ x to dry1 !n place x ^u ! hot plate until ! ink is melt$ & runs d[n ! sides ( ! l9es2 !n cool1 sme> ) gum1 fan dry1 moi/5 ) sponge1 & roll up z be=e2 dry1 cov] ) res91 us+ a #fj camel's-hair bru%1 !n damp5 ) a sponge & give a f\r? et*+1 us+ ! same precautions z to /r5g? ( acid & duration ( rock+ z be=e4 ,n[ cool ! plate2 get a little m ink on ! roll]1 & roll ! plate :il/ cold4 ,:5 ! surface ( ! l9es has a nice ev5 coat ( ink ^u ea* & all 7co>se & f9e71 aga9 w>m ! z9c on ! hot plate until x is j too hot to hold 9 ! f+]s2 !n cool x aga91 v>ni% ! back ) %ellac v>ni%1 !n make a m>k ) a blunt po9t1 9 ! ink on ! m>g91 s z to lay a %ort l9e ( z9c b>e to ! action ( ! acid4 ,! r\nd ( op]ations is repeat$2 b = roll+ up = ! fif? & subsequ5t et*+1 a flannel roll] is us$1 & m ink w be requir$ ^u ! slab2 x w also require to be a little ?9n]4 ,= "s subjects six or sev5 et*+s w be requir$1 :il/ = o!rs--especially :]e !re are :ites t are too small = cutt+ out ) a fret saw or r\t]--t5 or twelve et*es w be requir$4 ,practice1 ! be/ tea*]1 w soon enable ! op]ator to judge h[ _m are requir$4 ,! et*+ hav+ be5 c>ri$ z deep z is judg$ suffici5t1 spr9kle ! plate lib]ally ) turp5t9e1 & ) a /iff scrubb+ bru% loos5 ! ink f ! l9es1 & wa% x (f ) a solution ( ,am]ican pota%4 ,! plate be+ cle>$ f all ink1 etc41 is n[ exam9$ c>efully4 ,! sides ( ! l9es w %[ ea* et*+1 by a s]ies ( irregul> /eps4 ,if ! plate be put into ! press 9 ?is condition1 ! *ances are t be=e _m copies _h be5 made1 ^! /eps w\ld take m or less ink f ! roll]s1 & blur ! image2 !re=e1 be=e pass+ x into ! h&s ( ! pr9t]1 ! plate w require et*+ two or ?ree times m1 to get rid ( ^! irregul>ities4 ,?is is done by w>m+ ! z9c on ! hot plate1 & !n1 :il/ /ill w>m1 roll+ up ) a f9e glaz$ roll] *>g$ ) ! h>d et*+ ink f a clean ink+ slab4 ,roll ! z9c firmly1 fir/ "o way & !n ! o!r1 s t all ! tops ( ! l9es get well coat$ ) ink2 n[ make a m>k on ! m>g9 ) a blunt po9t 9 ! ink1 s z to lay a %ort l9e ( z9c b>e to ! action ( ! acid4 ,next empty ! et*+ tray1 put into x "s clean wat]1 & add suffici5t acid to make x ta/e l /rong v9eg>2 9 ?is imm]se ! plate1 & keep rock+ = t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 or until ! m>k on ! m>g91 :5 felt ) ! f+]-nail1 %[s t x has atta9$ a dep? ab\t ! same z t obta9$ 9 ! fir/ et*+4 #fa ,n[ wa% ! plate "u ! tap1 & wa% (f ! ink ) turp5t9e1 foll[$ by a solution ( ,am]ican pota%2 aga9 wa% & dry on ! hot plate4 ,n[ exam9e1 & if ! l9es are free f ! /eps1 ! plate is f9i%$1 b if n1 ! op]ation mu/ be repeat$ until ! /eps are all remov$4 ,be c>eful to cov] ! surface ( ! block ?or\ghly ) ! ink1 else ! acid w spoil ! picture4 ,! plate is n[ ready ei!r = m\nt+ = ! press1 or = electrotypes be+ tak5 f x2 if ! =m]1 ! deep :ites are cut away ) ! r\t] or fret saw1 ! edges are trimm$ or bevell$1 holes are drill$ & c\nt]-sunk at conv5i5t places1 = ! ins]tion ( nails or screws to fix ! z9c to ! wood5 block1 to make ! surface type high4 ,! object aim$ at 9 ! in/ruction 9 ,"p ,i4 is ! production ( relief blocks on z9c f an orig9al 9 black & :ite1 :i* orig9al may be a draw+ made purposely = reproduction1 or x may be f a draw+ already 9 exi/5ce1 a woodcut1 or engrav+1 ! picture be+ r5d]$ entirely 9 l9e1 or a *alk draw+ may be us$4 ,9 fact1 any subject t is capable ( be+ work$ f ei!r at a type press or by ord9>y 7mono*rome7 li?ography4 ,wa%$ draw+s1 or oil or wat] color draw+s are n applicable4 ,9 fix+ plans1 or draw+s on ! easel1 prior to photograph+ !m1 if !y are cockl$1 & difficult to get flat1 p9s may be plac$ any:]e1 s long z ! l9es are n int]f]$ )1 = ^! p9s may be pa9t$ out ) a camel's-hair bru% & gamboge or ,indian ink4 ,x is important t ! plans or draw+s be z flat z possible1 z if ! l9es are cockl$1 !y w n be photograph$ /raight4 ,9 photograph+ draw+s on trac+ pap] or clo?1 a piece ( :ite pap] %\ld be plac$ beh9d !m4 ,:51 f an orig9al ( black l9es on a :ite gr\nd1 x is desir$ to make a rev]se block--i4 e41 :ite l9es on a black gr\nd--a negative is fir/ made f ! orig9al1 & f t negative a transp>5cy is made2 & a pr9t made ^u ! z9c f t transp>5cy w be a rev]se ( ! orig9al4 ,?us f> ,i h tri$ to make pla9 ! details ( a process :i* is z fasc9at+ & z pretty z any 9 photography1 & :i* supplies results :i* c\ld n be atta9$ by ! mo/ exp]t work]s two ye>s ago4 ,& s9ce ^? exp]ts fir/ obta9$ ev5 tol]able results by z9c et*+1 l #fb ev]y?+ else 9 photography1 x has made wond]ful progress4 ,at fir/ we 7 delight$ & cont5t :5 a block 0 obta9$ ) relief suffici5t to enable u to pr9t x ^u an ord9>y press ) type4 ,b n[ we c get f ! z9c surface all ! qualities :i* are giv5 by ! li?ographic /one4 ,inde$1 ! process ( z9cography be>s a v /rong g5]al resemblance to t ( li?ography2 ( c\rse1 x v>ies !refrom 9 matt]s ( process detail4 ,! manipulations ( z9cography1 h[ev]1 are no m complicat$ 9 _! nature ?an ! details ( pr9t+1 etc41 f /one4 ,crayon draw+s1 ink "w 9 l9e & /ipple1 rubb] "w1 9 fact1 any?+ t c be drawn on /one c be drawn on prop]ly prep>$ z9c1 ) ! exception ( engrav$ l9es 7intaglio71 ! /ructure ( ! z9c n giv+ ! yield+ brittl5ess ( /one4 ,! great dep>ture made possible by z9c plates exi/s 9 ! fact t !y c be b5t to ! surface ( a cyl9d]1 ?us displac+ ! reciprocat+ b$ & /op-cyl9d] ( ! li?ographic press ) ! cont9u\sly rotat+ plate & impression cyl9d] ( ! z9cographic press1 :i*1 at ! same driv+ spe$1 produces d\ble ! numb] ( impressions pr9t$ on ! li?ographic press4 ,to ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,hub]1 ( ! ,hub] ,pr9t+ ,press ,company ( ,taunton1 ,mass41 belongs ! cr$it ( design+ ! only ,am]ican z9cographic press 9 exi/5ce1 & :i* is n[ 9 successful op]ation 9 sev]al li?ographic e/abli%m5ts4 ,x is a ?or\ghly ,am]ican ma*9e 9 design & con/ruction1 & :ile no gl[+ prophecies ( its imm$iately tak+ ! place ( li?ographic presses are indulg$ 91 yet ?is k9d ( press has its place & use1 & w by its qualities w9 favor 9 ! trade4 ,_m li?ograph]s are beg9n+ to give correct att5tion to z9cography1 b few are will+ to give ! "t & con/ant exp]im5t+ to ! subject t has be5 giv5 by ,messrs4 ,h>ris ,jones1 :o dur+ ! pa/ ?ree ye>s h op]at$ ! z9cographic presses 9 _! li?ographic e/abli%m5t kn[n z ! ,provid5ce ,li?ograph ,co4 ,hav+ tak5 ! sell+ ag5cy ( ! ,hub] z9cographic press1 !y (f] to ^? :o buy ! press full in/ructions 9 z9cographic surface pr9t+4 ,^! sugge/ions are giv5 "r "h1 fir/ because we are n[ ab\t to take a /ep high] 9 z9c et*+--a /ep :i* w lead u to results :i* li?ography c sc>cely equal 9 "s p>ticul>s--& second1 because x is ! policy ( ?is "w to )hold no in=mation :i* ! novice w ne$ 9 supply+ himself ) a p]fect outfit = do+ ! be/ ( "w4 ,= ! same reason ! adv]tis]s h be5 *os51 r ?an receiv$ 9 ! usual way4 #fc ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,photo-,,engrav+ ,,9 ,,half-,,tone4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,retrospective4 ,! =m] *apt]s h treat$ entirely ^u ! production ( blocks 9 l9e--i4 e41 :]e ! picture has be5 made by a draughtsman1 ! half-tones & gradations be+ communicat$ by a great] or less ?ickness ( l9e1 or by dots1 or /ipple1 or hat*+4 ,! picture = su* blocks may h be5 specially drawn = ! process1 ! same size or l>g]1 or x may be a copy ( "s woodcut or engrav+ already 9 exi/5ce1 b if x is desir$ to reproduce blocks f draw+s1 pa9t+s1 or photographs1 !n an entirely diff]5t me?od mu/ be adopt$1 & ! smoo? gradations ( half-tone levell$1 s to speak1 s z to br+ ! high lights & ! %ad[s ^u "o plane4 ,9 photographs f nature 7or f wa%$ draw+s or pa9t+s7 ! scale ( gradations runs1 z x 71 9 a s]ies ( %ort /eps f ! deepe/ %ad[ to ! highe/ light1 & a block made1 say 9 bi*romat$ gelat9e1 f su* a negative c give no half-tones1 z ! ink+ roll] c\ld only t\* ! deep %ad[s prop]ly4 ,n[ ! subject ( mak+ photographs applicable = ! illu/ration ( lett]-press1 in/ead ( woodcuts1 has occupi$ ! att5tion ( exp]im5tali/s f ! e>ly days ( ! art-sci5ce1 z ! records ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice %[4 ,! fir/ pat5t1 dat$ #aheb1 be>s ! honor$ "n ( ,mr4 ,fox ,talbot1 & al?\gh x is = intaglio pr9t+1 & !re=e a little out ( place "u ! above head+1 /ill x claims our att5tion z giv+ a me?od = break+ up ! half-tones ( ! photograph1 by plac+ musl91 crape1 etc41 betwe5 ! photographic cli*e & ! s5sitive surface2 or a glass plate may be cov]$ ) f9e l9es1 or glass may be coat$ ) p[d]1 :i* is caus$ to adh]e4 #fd ,9 #ahed1 ,paul ,prets* broke up ! half-tone by ! reticulation ( gelat9e1 caus$ by ! admixture ) iodide ( silv] & bi*romate ( pota%2 ?is 0 spread ^u a silv]$ copp] plate1 dri$1 & expos$ to light "u ! half-tone negative1 !n wa%$ 9 cold wat] & borax1 or c>bonate ( soda1 !n 9 alcohol1 coat$ ) copal v>ni%1 & imm]s$ 9 a weak solution ( tann91 aft] :i* an electrotype c\ld be made1 or a transf] made to z9c or /one4 ,9 #ahee1 ,a4 ,j4 ,b]*told produc$ a gra9 by pr9t+ ^u a photograph 9 black or 9 any color1 f a plate or block or o!r surface1 or by p]=at+ or mak+ /rokes1 l9es1 or dots ^u x1 by roll] or o!r in/rum5t4 ,repat5t$ 9 #ahhc1 by ,br[n1 ,b>nes1 & ,bell4 ,9 #ahfj1 ,e4 ,j4 ,ass] us$ />*1 & 9 #ahfe1 ,j4 ,w4 ,swan us$ a tissue ( gelat9e mix$ ) *>coal or o!r *emically in]t grit2 9 ! same ye> ,messrs4 ,e4 ,j4 ,bullock publi%$1 p]haps1 ! mo/ important specification1 describ+ all1 or ne>ly all1 practical me?ods ( obta9+ gra91 ! mo/ important ( :i* are ! plac+ ( any f9e fabric betwe5 ! l5s & ! s5sitive surface1 or betwe5 ! cam]a & ! object1 or copies ( granulat$ or recticulat$ /ructures or fabrics c\ld be us$1 or su* copy c\ld be plac$ 9 contact ) negatives1 & bo? copi$ toge!r4 ,9 #ahgi1 ,j4 ,w4 ,swan made negatives by mov+1 dur+ exposure1 ! ,bullock's scre51 plac$ 9 front ( a s5sitive plate4 ,meis5ba*'s me?od1 pat5t$ a little lat]1 is some:at simil>4 ,if a ,woodbury relief is ?9ly coat$ ) transf] ink1 & !n laid ^u a piece ( ord9>y li?o transf] pap] :i* has be5 emboss$ ) l9es1 or dots1 or /ipple1 by be+ press$ 9 contact ) wire gauze or an engrav$ plate1 & ! ink$ relief & ! emboss$ li?o transf] are !n subject$ to heavy pressure1 a gra9$ image is impress$ ^u ! transf] pap]1 :i* c be transf]r$ to z9c1 & !n et*$ 9 relief4 ,! me?od ( mak+ a gra9$ negative to be n[ describ$1 %ortly /at$1 is done by int]pos+ a scre51 ei!r be=e ! s5sitive plate 9 ! d>k slide ( ! cam]a 7:5 copy+ a photograph7 or plac+ ! scre5 beh9d a transp>5cy on glass :5 transmitt$ light is us$4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! image project$ ^u ! s5sitive plate1 hav+ fir/ to pass ?r\gh ! scre51 is brok5 up by ! dots ^u ! scre51 ! result be+ a def9ite gra9$ negative4 ,9 ! second in/ance1 ! scre5 be+ plac$ 9 contact ) ! transp>5cy1 a simil> result foll[s4 ,! fir/ me?od is mo/ g5]ally us$1 z ! pr9t does n require ! c>eful focuss+ necessitat$ by ! second4 #fe ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,mak+ ,,gra9$ ,,negatives4 ,,! ,,scre54 ,= mak+ gra9$ negatives1 ! app>atus1 *emicals1 & manipulations describ$ 9 ,*apt]s ,i4 & ,,ii41 ,"p ,i41 = l9e negatives1 are requir$1 ) p]haps a little increas$ c>e to secure clean & bright negatives4 ,! fir/ requirem5t w be a pro(1 on f9e :ite pap]1 f a ma*9e-rul$ plate1 or a plate ) f9e dots or /ipple2 a favorite be+ plates rul$ diagonally & /raight1 ei!r 9 s+le l9es or cross$4 ,^! plates mu/ be ( good size1 say #ah by #ae1 rul$ ) l9es z f9e z possible1 #ajj or #aej to ! in*4 ,! rul$ %eet mu/ be p]fect1 z any defect 9 x w be fatal4 ,su* a pro( be+ secur$1 x %\ld be c>efully m\nt$ ) />* pa/e ^u a /\t piece ( smoo? c>dbo>d1 & %\ld be c>efully %ield$ f all *ances ( be+ soil$1 z ! slighte/ /a9 or m>k ^u x w unfit x = use4 ,z su* a f9e l9e is v difficult to focus1 especially 9 mak+ ! small] scre5s1 x w be f\nd a good plan to cut f\r n>r[ /rips ( good1 bold type1 & pa/e ^! at ! f\r corn]s ( ! %eet1 j outside ! rul+2 ^! slips ( type w be easy to focus1 & w r5d] ! task ( mak+ ! scre5s easi]4 ,plates rul$ ) s+le l9es1 ei!r diagonally or horizontally1 may be us$ in/ead ( ! cross rul+1 & are by _m pref]r$4 ,^? 9 possession ( a rul+ ma*9e may make ^! rul$ %eets by rul+ a l>ge li?o /one1 & pull+ impressions f t /one4 ,if ?is is done once1 & done well1 ! %eets w la/ a lifetime2 & if ! /one be suffici5tly l>ge1 & ! l9es v f9e1 ! scre5s may be us$ = blocks #ae by #ab in*es or l>g]4 ,to copy ?is rul$ %eet1 remove ! mirror f ! l5s1 & put ! l5s 9 ! cam]a 9 its ord9>y position2 !n p9 up ! %eet on ! easel1 &1 aft] see+ t ! easel & cam]a are q p>allel1 proce$ to make a s]ies ( negatives f ! %eet1 mak+ scre5s ( v>i\s degrees ( f95ess1 v>y+ f a co>se gra9 = a co>se photograph1 to ! f9e/ possible = #ff photographs full ( delicate half-tone1 & f ?ree in*es to t5 in*es wide4 ,_m subjects w ne$ scre5s made especially = !m4 ,! scre5s mu/ be free f speck or /a91 & %\ld be made ^u v ?9 glass4 ,! nitrate ba? %\ld be 9 good condition1 & ! collodion ripe4 ,su* negatives take a good deal ( "t mak+1 b z !y are ! f\ndation ( ! process1 & ) c>e w la/ = ye>s1 ! tr\ble mu/ n be grudg$4 ,! scre5 negatives be+ made1 !y mu/ be v>ni%$ ) a good1 h>d1 well-filt]$ v>ni%1 appli$ 9 a room q free f du/4 ,! scre5s mu/ be made by ! wet collodion process4 ,! ord9>y gelat9e dry-plate is utt]ly useless = su* "w4 ,gelat9o-*loride plates might d1 b ! exposure is s v long t !re is risk ( %ak+ ! cam]a dur+ exposure4 ,,! ,,gra9$ ,,negative4 ,= ! fir/ me?od a good vigor\s photograph is select$1 plac$ 9 position on a copy+ bo>d1 & ! cam]a adju/$ s z to get ! image on ! focuss+ scre5 ! size want$ ! mirror be+ us$1 z ! negative mu/ be rev]s$4 ,a collodion plate is n[ prep>$ & well dra9$2 !n "o ( ! transp>5t scre5s is fix$ 9 front ( ! c>ri] by draw+ p9s1 by pass+ /rips ( gum pap] ov]1 or by fix+ ) f9e tacks a piece ( ?9 c>d at ! top1 & "o at ! bottom1 slightly ov]lapp+ ! scre51 & hold+ x firmly 9 a sort ( rebate4 ,! c>ri] is n[ plac$ 9 ! d>k slide1 ! s5sitive plate 9 its place1 ! door ( ! slide clos$ & fa/5$4 ,! exposure is n[ made 9 ! cam]a1 & if ! scre5 is prop]ly transp>5t ! "t w n be v mu* m ?an :5 copy+ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! developm5t ( ! expos$ plate is done by means ( ! develop] giv5 9 ,*apt] ,i41 & ! result mu/ h all ! details ( ! photograph1 :ile ! l9es ( ! scre5 mu/ be cle> & free f veil4 ,! negative is wa%$1 fix$ 9 cyanide1 wa%$ aga9 & !n int5sifi$1 fir/ imm]s+ x 9 ! solution ,no4 #a1 ,*apt] ,i41 until blea*$1 !n ?or\ghly wa%$ & black$ ) ,no4 #b solution1 aga9 wa%$1 & v>ni%$ ) ! wat] v>ni%1 or dri$ & v>ni%$ ) b5zole v>ni%4 ,= ! second me?od we %all require1 in/ead ( a pap] photograph1 a transp>5cy on glass4 #fg ,! transp>5cy may be made on a gelat9e dry-plate by pr9t+ 9 contact ) ! negative1 or an enl>g$ transp>5cy may be made1 ei!r on a dry plate or by ! wet collodion process4 ,! transp>5cy %\ld be made by contact1 :5 ! orig9al negative is ( l>g] size ?an ! block requir$2 ! enl>g$ transp>5cy is us$ if ! negative be small] or ! same size z ! block4 ,! developm5t ( ! transp>5cies on gelat9e dry-plates w be treat$ ( lat]1 b if wet collodion be us$1 ! manipulations w be ! same z = negatives1 except t ! image is 9 rev]se gradations1 ! lights be+ cle> glass1 & ! %ades d5se & black4 ,e detail 9 lights1 %ad[s1 & half-tones mu/ %[ di/9ct & /rong4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,= ! production ( ^! enl>g$ transp>5cies1 an enl>g+ cam]a w be requir$1 :i* may be provid$ by hav+ an arrangem5t 9 front ( ! ord9>y cam]a1 fitt$ l ! accompany+ figure1 consi/+ ( two boxes1 "o slid+ )9 ! o!r1 ! negative f :i* ! transp>5cy is to be made be+ plac$ 9 a c>ri] at ,b4 ,9 ! illu/ration ! sides are %[n op51 b only = simplicity1 z !y mu/ be q opaque4 ,9 us+ su* an arrangem5t1 ! cam]a mu/ be br\ght "u ! skylight ( ! /udio1 & ! light reflect$ ?r\gh ! negative1 by plac+ a l>ge %eet ( :ite pap] at an angle ( =ty-five degrees 9 front ( ! negative4 ,ano!r & p]haps bett] me?od w be to cut a hole 9 a d>k-room at a prop] height = ! cam]a1 & fix ! negative 9 ! hole1 !n adju/ ! focus ^u ! scre51 illum9at+ ! negative by means ( a reflector fix$ at an angle ( =ty-five degrees4 ,! transp>5cy be+ secur$1 x is v>ni%$1 & all blemi%es or spots remov$ by means ( a sable bru%1 & a little c>m9e color2 x is !n plac$ 9 contact ) a suitable scre51 & ! two toge!r are ins]t$ 9 ! #fh place previ\sly occupi$ by ! orig9al negative4 ,n[ adju/ ! cam]a s z to get ! image on ! focuss+ scre5 ! prop] size1 & proce$ to make a gra9$ negative by ! wet collodion process exactly z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii41 ,"p ,i41 & above4 ,:5 a negative conta9+ all ! details ( ! orig9al negative brok5 up by ! f9e gra9 ( ! scre5 is obta9$1 x may be dri$ & v>ni%$1 & !n x is ready = pr9t+ ^u ! z9c4 ,all p9holes1 etc41 %\ld be /opp$ by means ( a f9e sable bru% & ,indian ink4 ,! pr9t+ on ! z9c %\ld be done by ! bitum5 process1 ,*apt] ,,vi41 ,"p ,i41 z ! album5 is n ne>ly s p]fect4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! album5 process be pref]r$1 ! pr9t+ is done 9 ! same way z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,v41 b extra c>e mu/ be tak51 fir/1 t ! z9c plate is ?or\ghly & ev5ly poli%$2 secondly1 t ! gra9+ ba? is kept weak ) pl5ty ( alum 91 s z to h ! gra9 on ! plate z f9e z possible2 ?irdly1 t no speck ( du/1 dirt1 or any air-bubbles be on ! film aft] coat+1 & t ! :irl+ be effectually done s z to get ! s5sitive coat+ z ev5 z possible4 ,! ink+ up requires no comm5t1 z x mu/ be done z ev5ly & ?9ly z possible1 = bo? l9e & half-tone4 ,9 developm5t1 a little m en]getic friction w be necess>y1 b extreme c>e mu/ be tak5 n to abrade ! ink surface4 ,cont9ue ! rubb+ until all ! details are develop$1 & be> 9 m9d t ! f9i%$ block w be exactly l ! z9c aft] developm5t4 ,9 pr9t+ ^! half-tone z9cs1 x (t5 happ5s 7l pr9t+ 9 silv]7 t to get ! be/ results "s portions w require less exposure ?an o!rs4 ,! be/ way to /op back any portion or portions1 is to cov] ! front glass ( ! pr9t+ frame ) :it+ mix$ ) wat] to ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream2 apply ) a rag ov] ! places 9 ! negative1 be=e expos+ to light1 & at ! end ( "o-?ird1 or 9 case ( v deep %ades1 "o-half ! exposure1 clean (f ! :it+ & f9i% ! exposure )\t any ob/ruction to ! light4 ,! exposure to a gra9$ half-tone negative w be "o-half to d\ble z long z a simple l9e negative4 ,a p]fect pr9t on ! z9c mu/ conta9 all ! gra9 intact1 = if !re is any break 9 its cont9uity1 x is ( no use to proce$ fur!r ) x4 ,! pr9t+ 9 bitum5 requires no m comm5t ?an to say c>e is necess>y to avoid du/4 ,! smalle/ speck w be likely to spoil an o!rwise p]fect pr9t4 #fi ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,et*+ ,,9 ,,half-,,tone4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,pr9t ,,is ,,9 ,,album54 ,! z9c plate ) ! image ^u x 9 ink1 is dri$1 !n w>m$ slightly on ! hot plate1 cool$1 & coat$ ) ?ick gum99 & fann$ dry 7n dri$ by heat1 or ! gum is c]ta9 to crack & br+ away ! image or "p ( x72 !n wa% x "u ! tap1 & rub x g5tly ) a f9e sponge s z to remove all gum f ! ink1 b n f ! z9c4 ,next proce$ to roll up z direct$ 9 ,*apt] ,v41 us+ ! ,india-rubb] roll] *>g$ ) /iff ink4 ,! surface ( ! z9c %\ld be kept well cov]$ ) wat]4 ,use z little pressure z possible1 b let ! motion be fairly rapid1 & if any portions ( ! image %\ld sme>1 roll rapidly ) slightly increas$ pressure4 99 ,see page #ee1 ,"p ,i41 ,gum & ,nut-galls4 ,?is op]ation ( roll+ up ! image is ! crucial "o1 = unless x is done prop]ly1 :5 x is f9i%$1 ! result is a /rong black & p]fectly ev5 image2 x is ( no use proce$+ fur!r ) x1 = 9 fact ! picture mu/ be p]fect4 ,! roll+ up be+ done1 any t\*+ up t may be requir$ c n[ be done1 & any f9e details cl\d$ ov]1 or made indi/9ct by ! gra91 /r5g!n$ or op5$ out4 ,additions %\ld be made ) transf] ink ?9n$ ) turp5t9e1 laid on ) a v f9e sable bru%4 ,! :ites are put 9 by scrat*+ ?r\gh ! ink ) a f9e et*+ ne$le4 ,to re/ ! h& ^u 9 do+ ?is t\*+ up1 s z to avoid t\*+ ! image1 a bridge is us$ made ( a /rip ( smoo? wood1 "o in* wide1 qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 & suffici5tly long to well span ! plate2 at ea* end ( ?is /rip nail n>r[ /rips a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick to s]ve z ! feet = ! bridge to /& ^u4 ,!n ! z9c may be slid "u x )\t t\*+ ! surface aga9/ ! "u "p ( ! bridge4 ,! z9c is n[ ready = ! fir/ et*+ 9 ! rock+ tray4 ,! nitric acid solution mu/ be v weak inde$ to ! ta/e1 ! pres5ce ( acid be+ j p]ceptible4 ,! "t ( imm]sion 9 ! fir/ ba? mu/ n be long] #gj ?an ?irty seconds2 !n ! z9c is remov$1 wa%$ "u ! tap1 & g5tly rubb$ ) a sponge2 dry x g5tly on ! hot plate1 all[ ! z9c to cool1 coat x ) gum1 fan x dry1 r9se x "u ! tap & rub x ) a sponge2 !n aga9 roll up1 :5 x is ready = ! second et*+2 t is done 9 ! same ba? z ! fir/1 )\t any addition ( acid4 ,keep ! tray g5tly rock+ = ?ree m9utes1 !n aga9 )draw1 wa% x "u ! tap1 rubb+ ) sponge1 coat ) gum1 fan dry1 wa% "u ! tap rubb+ g5tly ) sponge1 & aga9 roll up1 us+ ! ink on ! roll] a little ?ick]1 b /iff4 ,:5 ! image has tak5 ! ink equally1 place x on ! hot plate & all[ ! z9c to get hot en\gh to melt ! ink slightly2 !n all[ x to cool1 & place x 9 ! et*+ ba?1 slightly re9=c$ ) a few drops ( nitric acid4 ,imm]se x ?is "t = five m9utes4 ,! op]ations ( wa%+1 gumm+1 roll+ up1 etc41 are to be repeat$ until x is judg$ t ! et*+ has be5 c>ri$ f> en\gh4 ,! "t ( imm]sion 9 ! acid solution ) ea* et*+ may be l5g!n$1 b take special c>e to keep ! ba? weak until ne> ! la/ et*+1 :5 ! /r5g? may be slightly increas$4 ,! resi/ is clean$ (f ) turp5t9e & a /iff bru%1 & !n a pro( is pull$4 ,if fur!r et*+ w improve x :olly or 9 "p1 ! plate is ink$ up & aga9 subject$ to ! action ( ! acid ba?4 ,if only portions require ret*+1 cov] ! re/ ) bitum5 v>ni%2 b x w be sc>cely safe to give m ?an "o et*+ aft] clean+ (f ! orig9al resi/4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,image ,,is ,,9 ,,bitum54 ,a bitum5 image is et*$ 9 ! fir/ ba? 9 :i* ! acid is j p]ceptible to ! ta/e1 )\t any prelim9>y roll+ up4 ,! duration ( ! fir/ et*+ may be prolong$ = ?ree or five m9utes2 !n ! plate is )drawn & well wa%$4 ,remove any scum ) a s(t sponge2 !n dry x 9 a cold curr5t1 & sme> x ) gum1 fan x dry1 & roll up ) a lea!r roll] *>g$ ) /iff ink1 until all portions ( ! image h tak5 a film ( ink4 ,n[ re9=ce ! nitrate ba? ) a few drops ( nitric acid1 & aga9 imm]se ! plate1 rock+ ! ba? = t5 m9utes2 wat* ! picture c>efully s t 9 case ( und]cutt+ ! plate may be remov$ be=e any mis*ief is done4 ,! plate is aga9 remov$1 wa%$1 rubb$ ) a sponge1 & dri$2 x is #ga !n w>m$ on ! hot plate1 s z to slightly melt ! ink1 !n all[$ to cool1 sme>$ ) gum1 fann$ dry1 damp$ ov] ) a wet sponge1 & roll$ up1 ! roll] be+ *>g$ ) /iff ink4 ,! plate is n[ ready = ano!r et*+1 = :i* ! ba? mu/ be /r5g!n$ by ! addition ( m acid4 ,! imm]sion 7rock+ all ! "t7 may be fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes1 aft] :i* ! plate is )drawn1 wa%$1 rubb$ ) a sponge1 & if x is ?\ght ano!r et*+ w\ld improve x1 ! cycle ( op]ations is repeat$1 beg9n+ ) w>m+ ! z9c on ! hot plate4 ,aft] ! resi/ is clean$ (f 7:i* ) bitum5 mu/ be done fir/ ) turp5t9e & !n ) b5zol9e7 fur!r et*+ may be giv51 if deem$ necess>y1 fir/ ink+ up well ) ! h>d ink m5tion$ 9 ,*apt] ,,viii41 & !n reimm]s+ 9 a weak ba? ( acid & wat]4 ,if only a portion requires ret*+1 ^? p>ts t are n to be t\*$1 are protect$ by coat+ ) bitum5 v>ni%4 ,! plate be+ et*$1 n[ requires f9i%+4 ,! outside z9c is remov$ ) a circul> saw & !n ! edges are fil$ & holes drill$ at an angle1 s t ! metal c be fix$ ^u ! block4 #gb ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pr9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,block4 ,a half-tone block to give results comm5surate ) ! c>e ne$$ 9 its prep>ation1 mu/ be h&l$ by ! ma*9e man ) c>e & consid]ation4 ,! blanket on ! tympan or cyl9d] mu/ be replac$ ) some?+ h>d]1 else ! s(t pressure ( ! blanket w blur ! pr9t4 ,! block mu/ also be made ready1 n by putt+ cut-outs on ! tympan or cyl9d]1 b und]nea? ! block1 & !re z ?9 z possible4 ,! ink mu/ be good & n too ?92 ! roll]s mu/ be free f flaws & n too tacky4 ,9 fact1 z mu* c>e is requir$ on ! press z dur+ ! photographic & subsequ5t op]ations4 ,inde$ photo-engrav+ & z9c et*+ w\ld h come into popul> use m rapidly ?an !y h1 if pr9t]s _h be5 will+ to give !m ! special 8mak+-ready0 att5tion !y require4 ,despite all prejudice & indiff]5ce1 8process-engrav+0 s call$1 has made cont9u\s improvem5t ev] s9ce x came into use1 & ! good "w goes on4 ,! mo/ delicate gradations ( light & %ade disc]nible 9 nature1 may1 f ! photographic plate1 be r5d]$ 9 pure black & :ite by means ( any ( ! me?ods giv5 9 ?is "w4 ,all t nature displays1 & all t imag9ation compels1 may be reproduc$ indef9itely4 ,) reg>d to ! /orage & keep+ ( z9c blocks aft] us+1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,bolas1 9 ! ,photographic ,news ( ,septemb] #bd1 #ahhf1 says1 8!y %\ld n be wa%$ ) ! usual lye1 b %\ld h a few drops ( p>aff9e oil p\r$ ^u !m2 & aft] ?is has be5 well rubb$ 9 by a s(t bru% kept = ! purpose1 ! p>aff9e %\ld be well wip$ away ) a s(t clo?4 ,if ! block is to be /or$ away = a long "t1 x %\ld be wax$4 ,! be/ way ( do+ ?is w be to make x r w>m] ?an is necess>y to melt wax1 & !n to rub x ov] ) a piece ( yell[ bees'-wax1 aft] :i* ! excess is wip$ (f ) a piece ( flannel40 ,sometimes z9c blocks are electroplat$ ) copp] or nickel 7a necessity :5 !y are to be us$ = c]ta9 color "w71 & su* blocks %\ld also be treat$ 9 ! same way z ! b>e z9c1 z !y _c be safely clean$ ) ! lye solution4 #gc ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,transf] ,,( ,,! ,,draw+1 ,,& ,,its ,,treatm5t ,,be=e ,,et*+4 ,accord+ to ! me?ods ( produc+ !m1 classify ! draw+s z foll[s3 7a7 ,freeh& draw+s 9 crayon or ink1 drawn ) li?ographical *alk on r\gh pap]1 or ) p5 & *emical ,indian ink on pap] prep>$ = transf]r+4 7b7 ,li?ographical transf] ( engrav+s1 p5-&-ink crayon draw+s1 or draw+s on /one4 7c7 ,transf]s f relief plates made 9 copp]1 /eel1 z9c1 or lead 7music74 7d7 ,ana/atic transf]s4 7e7 ,fat or res9 pr9ts f photographic negatives4 ,proce$ z foll[s3 7a7 ,transf] ( h&-draw+4--,place ! draw+ to be transf]r$ ) its face ^u a %eet ( clean1 :ite pap]1 & moi/5 ! back ) a weak solution ( nitric acid 7#a_/b ,baum71 by means ( a sponge4 ,ov]-moi/5+ causes oblit]ation ( ! draw+1 fr++ ( ! s+le l9es1 & ! runn+ toge!r ( ! hat*$ portions4 ,! correct degree ( moi/ure c be asc]ta9$ :5 ! side prep>$ & drawn ^u gr[s slightly /icky1 & :5 ! draw+ becomes glossy4 ,?is w take place 9 f f\r to five m9utes aft] moi/5+4 ,?is "t is to be sp5t 9 arrang+ ! z9c 9 ! press1 aft] hav+ fre$ x f all greas9ess4 ,place a c>d on ! roll+ press bel[ ! draw+ & ! z9c2 above x1 a %eet ( good blott+-pap]1 a %eet ( ,bri/ol pap] & are ( press+ bo>d2 !n make a trial pr9t ) ! press1 a clean piece ( pap] tak+ ! place ( ! draw+4 ,! correct pressure is a matt] ( exp]i5ce2 x is advisable to beg9 ) a pressure less by "o %eet1 9 ord] to be able to increase x dur+ ! process ( transf]4 ,9 ! li?ographic press ! ink-block is fir/ to be adju/$2 s9ce x ne$s a great] 8sett+ 90 ?an ! roll+ press1 ! z9c mu/ be cut l>g]4 ,x mu/ ext5d ?ree c5timetres on all sides beyond ! draw+4 ,! edges ( ! cut plate mu/ be well gr\nd (f1 9 ord] t ! ink-block may n be #gd caught2 at all ev5ts1 x is advisable to h ! latt] small] ?an ! plate4 ,obs]ve t ! range ( ! press %\ld be regulat$2 !n place ! z9c directly1 )\t any int]v5+ lay] ( pap]1 on a solid /one2 lay ^u x a clean %eet ( pap]1 a blott]1 a %eet ( ,bri/ol pap]1 & a press+ bo>d well cov]$ ) tall[4 ,make a trial by draw+ ! %eet ?r\gh at a mod]ate pressure4 ,if all is arrang$1 ! "w ( transf] c be />t$4 ,! temp]ature ( ! z9c %\ld n[ be ab\t #ce ,c4 ,place ! draw+ d[n c>efully1 )\t mov+ x ab\t2 ^u x ! blott]1 ! ,bri/ol pap]1 & a press+ bo>d1 & draw x ?r\gh ?ree times ) con/antly increas+ pressure2 turn ! plate 9 a contr>y direction1 & draw x ?r\gh ?ree times 9 ! same mann]4 ,n[ place a moi/5$ %eet ( good pap] betwe5 ! blott] & ! draw+1 & draw ?r\gh1 fir/ ) weak1 & !n ) /rong pressure1 ?ree times 9 bo? positions4 ,in/ead ( turn+ ! z9c1 ! ink-block may be rev]s$4 ,?is f9i%es ! op]ation ( transpr9t+1 & ! next "q is ! loos5+ ( ! pap] f ! z9c4 ,"h we c pursue two me?ods3 fir/1 we c h hot wat] & a porcela9 tray at h&2 place ! copi$ plate 9 ! tray1 & p\r ! wat] ^u x4 ,! coat$ lay] be>+ ! draw+ beg9s to sep>ate f ! pap]4 ,%ak+ ! tray promotes ?is action1 & soon ! pap] w loos5 itself f ! lay] :i* rema9s atta*$ to ! z9c4 ,) ! second me?od proce$ ?us3 moi/5 ! back ( ! copi$ draw+1 ?or\ghly ) a sponge & cold wat]2 all[ x to soak 91 w>m ! plate to #fj-fe ,c4 & c>efully rub all p>ts by h&4 ,! lay] w aga9 sep>ate by degrees f ! pap]1 :i* latt] we c !n easily lift (f f ! plate4 ,on acc\nt ( ! /rongly gelat9\s lay]1 crayons on gra9$ pap] %\ld only be moi/5$ mod]ately be=e & aft] ! fir/ roll+1 9 ord] to avoid ! coil+ ( ! pap]4 ,h&-draw+s on pap] )\t color+ require treatm5t ) /rong] acid 7,i recomm5d nitric acid1 #d ,beaum74 ,at ! same "t ! draw+ %\ld be cut z close z possible4 ,to draw x ?r\gh securely1 place x z usual ^u ! z9c1 & above x a piece ( prep>$ copy pap] mod]ately moi/5$1 & a trifle l>g] ?an ! draw+1 !n a blott]1 a ,bri/ol bo>d1 & a ?ick c>d1 & draw ?r\gh z be=e4 ,! coat$ copy pap] /icks tight to ! z9c aft] ! fir/ roll+2 x also reta9s ! draw+ 9 its fir/ position1 & all[s repeat$ roll+4 ,if ! orig9al 0 ov]-moi/ :5 #ge copy+1 x /icks to ! z9c & sep>ates ) difficulty2 if ! moi/5+ 0 j "r1 two p]fect copies c (t5 be made f ! same orig9al4 ,i h attempt$ to copy draw+s on a fatty z9c surface1 & to et* !m /rongly1 b1 f> f be+ satisfi$ ) ! result1 ,i pref] ! above me?od4 7b & c7 ,copies ( li?ographs1 type1 plates = pr9t+ ( any k9d1 plates = deep pr9t+1 ,i make on well sat9iz$ copy+ pap]992 9 mak+ ! pr9ts1 ,i employ a copy+ ink z ?ick z possible1 ) ! addition ( a few drops ( a ?ick solution ( asphaltum 9 lav5d] oil1 roll+ a long "t ) b little color1 s z to get a %>p r ?an a heavy pr9t4 99 ,in/ead ( ! pa/e-gelat9e-*alk1 ,i pref] to prep>e ! surface ) a decoction ( sem9a psyllii4 ,plates = deep pr9t+1 ,i heat equally ?r\gh\t be=e apply+ ! color4 ,in/ead ( color1 ,i rub !m ) *emical ,indian ink1 wipe ! surface c>efully1 ev5 poli% x f9ally ) a ball & "s ,frank=t black4 ,i !n draw x ?r\gh & aga9 heat x uni=mly1 s t ! copy comes (f ( itself4 ,f9e1 %>p transf]s1 ) p]fect relief1 are ?us obta9$4 7d7 ,ana/atic copies are no long] ( great value1 s9ce !y always turn out r\ghly & _c comp>e ) photographic copies4 ,al?\gh ,i possess a safe me?od1 ,i believe t ,i w h to omit x on acc\nt ( ! limit$ space ( my "w & ! m9ute importance ( ! results4 7e7 ,photographic fat or res9 pr9ts %\ld be treat$ l ord9>y pr9ts4 ,moi/5 !m on ! back ) wat]--:i* is pref]able to plac+ !m betwe5 moi/5$ blott+-pap]1 s9ce ! draw+ does n gr[ too wet--& wait till !y are easily flexible4 ,drops ( wat] on ! film c & (t5 d de/roy ! pro(4 ,draw ! plate ?r\gh ) increas+ pressure & "o int]m$iate moi/5+4 ,pr9ts 9 fatty inks necessitate a temp]ature ( plate ( #ce ,c4 ,pr9ts ) dissolv$ et*+ v>ni% 7res97 z a pr9t+ film %\ld h f #ej-fj ,c4 ,:5 loos5+ ! pap] avoid w>m+1 b moi/5 well4 ,/ick+ ( ! gelat9e film happ5s1 especially ) ,husnik's pap]2 a safe rem$y is to dry ! copy 9 /rong light1 aft] develop+4 ,old s5sitiz$ pap]1 on ! contr>y1 seldom /icks at all1 & fre% pap] %\ld always be s\ght4 ,9 pr9t+ ) ! roll+ press1 ,i obs]ve t ! roll]s ( ! press ne$ only once to be regulat$1 & t great] or less pressure c be atta9$ by ?ick] or ?9n] cov]+ ( ! pr9t ) %eets ( pap]4 ,?is gives mu* great] security ?an c be _h :5 con/antly readju/+ ! roll]s4 #gf ,,! ,,fur!r ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,transf]4 ,%\ld we n[ proce$ directly to et* ! copy1 ! acid w\ld act ?r\gh ! draw+1 :i* is z yet b loosely atta*$ to ! z9c1 & w\ld at la/ cause ! l9es to appe> brok51 if n de/roy !m4 ,x is1 !re=e1 necess>y to replace ! loose copy by a possibly d5se et*+ v>ni%1 atta*$ fa/ to ! z9c1 & to produce an intimate connection betwe5 ! latt] & ! et*+ v>ni%4 ,"h we meet a diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,fr5* & ,au/rian me?ods4 ,! =m]1 totally bas$ on ! li?ographic process1 favors ! use ( a res9\s d5se color z a /r5g!n+ mat]ial1 :]eas ! ,au/rian me?od employs an ord9>y copy+ color & endeavors to =m an et*+ v>ni% by spr9kl+ & melt+ 9 a quantity ( f9ely pulv]iz$ res94 ,9 ! me?od ( et*+ ) copp] sulphate1 x 0 attempt$ to re/rict ! corrod+ action ( ! sulphuric acid by ! foll[+ me?od3 ,! draw+1 rubb$ ) color & ?9ly bespr9kl$ ) res91 0 slightly melt$ 91 !n spr9kl$ & rubb$ ) ! f9e/ silv] graphite or real wat]-gold4 ,x 0 ?us made an electric conductor4 ,a ?9 coat+ ( copp] 0 !n deposit$ on ! draw+1 :i*1 9 po9t ( fact1 h9d]$ ! de/ruction ( ! film4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ! process became uncontrollable1 s9ce (t5 a deposit ( amorph\s copp] became tightly fa/5$ to ! metallic surface4 ,! lat]al action c\ld n well be asc]ta9$1 s9ce ! n>r[e/ p>ts 7 (t5 clogg$ ) metal1 )\t prev5t+ corrosion f bel[4 ,! ,fr5* me?od ( et*+ is ?is3 ,a ?ick solution ( gum-arabic is mix$ ) extract ( nutgalls2 ?is is c>efully spread ov] ! surface ( ! plate by means ( a f9e sponge1 & dri$ by a fan4 ,!n a knife's po9t full ( et*+ color 7compos$ ( #ejj grammes *alk color1 #dj grammes coagulat$ mutton suet1 #dj grammes soap1 #abe grammes yell[ wax1 #dj grammes m>g>91 & #dj grammes ole9e1 melt$ 9 ! w>m ba? & pass$ ?r\gh ! color mill7 is dissolv$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e1 & a portion ( ?is solution is spread uni=mly on ! gr9d+ /one by means ( a f9e sponge1 s t ! latt] conta9s a simil> lay] ( color ?r\gh\t4 ,! fatty gum film is !n wa%$1 ) a wet sponge1 free f fat & acid2 a fre% quantity ( ! gum & nutgall solution is p\r$ out1 & ! copy is by degrees /r5g!n$ by rubb+ on ! et*+ color ) a sponge4 ,?is is repeat$ until ! draw+ has atta9$ ! prop] /r5g? ?r\gh\t4 ,! sup]pos$ lay] ( gum is !n wa%$ (f1 ! sup]flu\s wat] is remov$ ) a sponge1 a wet clo?1 & blott+-pap]1 dri$ ) a fan1 !n g5tly w>m$4 #gg ,n[ ! plate is to be du/$ ) ! f9e/ pulv]iz$ res91 consi/+ ( equal p>ts ( ,syrian asphalt1 wa%$ 9 alcohol1 & ( ma/ic2 ! sup]flu\s res9 is remov$ ) a bru% & "s cotton2 ! plate is !n c>efully heat$1 )\t beg9n+ to melt ! res91 h[ev]4 ,?is1 by ! ,fr5* me?od1 f9i%es ! plate = et*+4 ,only weak acid is safe = su* a plate1 h[ev]4 ,accord+ to ! ,au/rian me?od 7practis$ by me = sev]al ye>s71 we proce$ z foll[s3 ,! copi$ plate is fir/ copi\sly coat$ ) a cold saturat$ solution ( gallic acid1 & !n ) a pure solution ( gum4 ,)\t all[+ x to dry1 ,i remove ! sup]flu\s prep>+ mat]ials ) a wet sponge1 & p\r on "s fre% gallic acid1 z ) an excess ( acid ! draw+ assumes a m brilliant black color4 ,! /r5g!n+ ) ord9>y copy+ color ,i effect1 z ! case may be1 ) ! roll]s1 ! sponge1 or by coat+4 7a7 ,/r5g!n+ ) ! ,roll]s4--,i roll out "s ?ick copy+ ink ) good1 r\gh roll]s :i* h be5 frequ5tly us$1 & beg9 to roll ! transf] plate :ile /ill damp1 )\t any pressure1 till its surface beg9s to dry4 ,i !n grasp ! h&les ( ! roll]s m firmly & black5 ! dry plate uni=mly1 giv+ x a ?9 coat ( ink4 ,?is done1 ,i moi/5 x a little & roll x regul>ly ) roll]s fre%ly treat$ ) color1 s t ! picture comes up h>moni\sly & /rongly4 ,roll+ (f dur+ dry+ keeps ! gum solution f ! draw+ :ile dry+ on1 & keeps op5 ! connection = roll+ 94 ,be=e go+ fur!r ,i w expla9 ! t]ms us$993 ,to roll 9 is to give color or ink1 & is done sl[ly1 ) tightly grasp$ h&les & c]ta9 pressure4 ,roll+ (f is effect$ ) loosely grasp$ h&les1 )\t pressure1 & quickly1 & is int5d$ to draw (f ) ! roll]s any excess ( color on ! plate4 ,to "w out or make ! roll]s means to br+ fre% color on x f ! gr9d+ /one1 & is done ) /rong pressure & /rong traction4 ,! correct managem5t ( ! roll]s re/s 9 ! wri/s4 ,to rev]se ! roll]s1 to *ange ! h&les1 means to turn ! roll]s ar\nd1 to make ! left-h& h&le ! "r-h& "o1 & ?us to correct irregul>ities 9 ! di/ribution ( color4 ,aft] e advance & return on ! /one or plate to be black5$ ! roll]s are newly adju/$4 ,! plate ?us /r5g!n$ mu/ be well #gh wa%$ ) cle> wat]1 to be dri$1 & at times ev5 to be ret\*$ ) a bru% & color dissolv$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e4 99 ,color & ink are synonym\s4 8,burn 90 & 8melt 90 mean ! same4 7b7 ,black5+ 9 ) a sponge4 ,! initiatory et*+ is done ) gallic acid1 ! gum coat+ put on & additional gallic acid p\r$ ov]2 !n "s turp5t9e solution ( copy color1 ! consi/5cy ( syrup1 is rubb$ ov] ! plate until ! picture is uni=mly /r5g!n$4 ,if1 z may happ5 9 h&-draw+s1 ! color %\ld become mass$ & n atta* itself smoo?ly1 x mu/ be wa%$ (f ) turp5t9e & !n clean color mu/ be rubb$ on4 ,?is op]ation requires great delicacy4 ,aft] hav+ f9i%$ ! black5+ 91 r9se well1 dry ) a sponge & ?ick blott+ pap]4 ,heat1 s z to vaporize ! la/ remnants ( dampness1 & ret\*4 7c7 ,a peculi> me?od ( /r5g!n+1 n[h]e describ$1 z f> z ,i "k1 is t ( dry+ ! plate aft] coat+ x ) gum1 !n wa%+ ! gum ) wat]2 !n1 aft] dry+1 ( cov]+ ! plate ) a ?9 solution ( wax1 asphaltum1 ros91 & %ellac 9 e!r1 & ( c>efully coat+ ! quickly dry+ film ) gum4 ,! film rema9s on ! l9es ( ! copy1 b easily deta*es itself f ! bright metallic spaces1 :i* h an insoluble comb9ation ) ! gallic acid & gum1 & are ?us protect$ f ! fat4 ,faults 9 /r5g!n+ are caus$ by ! foll[+3 a4 ,by ink :i* is too ?ick or too ?91 or :i* has n be5 well gr\nd4 ,/ripes are caus$ by ! dissolv+ ( ! color :i* is already pres5t4 b4 ,by excessive dampness on ! plate 7x does n take ! color2 ! color 9 ! sponge *anges to a slimy emulsion74 c4 ,by too great pressure ) ! color sponge ! f9e p>ts are lo/4 ,! same is ! case ) c>eless wa%+ ( ! color ( h&-draw+s4 d4 ,9 roll+ on excessive moi/ure on ! plate spoils ! "w4 ,! surface ( ! roll]s becomes glossy & mu/ be aga9 ink$4 e4 ,9 p\r+ out ! ink a v ?ick lay] prev5ts ! /r5g!n+ ( ! f9e/ l9es4 ,dirt on ! plate (t5 comes f h&l+ ! draw+s2 x mu/ be scrat*$ (f & ! plate mu/ be p]fect be=e proce$+4 ,n[ comes ! *ang+ ( ! ink into an et*+ v>ni%4 ,b be=e beg9n+ we mu/ cov] ! free edges ( ! z9c = ! di/ance ( half a c5timetre ar\nd ! draw+ ) a solution ( ink 9 turp5t9e2 ! same applies to l>ge :ite surfaces 9 ! draw+1 :i* x is m conv5i5t to cut out ) a scroll saw4 ,!n subject ! plate to ! f9e/ asphaltum #gi p[d]1 pass$ ?r\gh a hair-sieve1 & cov] x by ! du/+ bru% copi\sly ) p[d]$ ros94 ,cont9ue ! rubb+ on ( fre% p[d] = a m9ute1 until ! ink is saturat$1 !n du/ out ! sup]flu\s p[d] ) ! du/+ bru% & f9e cotton1 s t ! metal is bright 7no film %\ld be p]ceptible on look+ ov] x74 ,! plate %\ld n[ be heat$ to ab\t #fj ,c41 till ! color ( ! asphaltum *anges f a c(fee t9t to a dead 7matt7 black4 ,place ! plate 9 ?is condition a second "t ) ! asphaltum1 :i* is aga9 absorb$ rapidly4 ,du/ (f c>efully z be=e & burn 9 aga9 till ! color *anges to a some:at %9y black2 ! yell[ t9t mu/ be avoid$1 because ?is degree ( burn+ exposes ! lights 9 ! close/ hat*+s to ! dang] ( runn+ toge!r4 ,?us ! coat ( color is *ang$ into an et*+ v>ni% ( excell5t resi/ance & adhesion1 & ! plate is ready = et*+4 ,,! ,,et*+ ,,& ,,its ,,int]m$iate ,,treatm5t ,,be=e ,,m\nt+ ,,! ,,cli*4 ,introductory rem>ks4--,if we exam9e a wood cut or an electrotype ) reg>d to ! dep? ( its n>r[ & wide-l9e complexes1 we c at once det]m9e a plane = ! close/ hat*+s2 9 a uni=mly deep lay] ! l9es lie at a mod]ate di/ance ap>t1 & ^? ( ! highe/ lights are v deep4 ,^! ?ree planes are situat$ high] or l[] accord+ to ! v n>r[ or v wide s]ies ( l9es4 ,?is gives a natural division ( ! diff]5t /ages ( et*+1 &1 accord+ to ! ?ree dep?s1 we di/+ui% ! %>p et*+ or et*+ on 9 :i* ! engrav+ mu/ advance f> en\gh to place ! n>r[e/ portions suffici5tly l[2 middle et*+1 :i* has to accompli% ! same = ! mod]ately n>r[ portions1 & deep et*+1 :i* mu/ atta9 suffici5t dep? = ! highe/ lights4 ,on acc\nt ( ! lat]al action ( ! acid x is impossible to et* d[n p]p5dicul>ly1 b a wid] cov]+ is tak5 = ea* /age4 ,( ^! wid] cov]+s !re rema9 aft] et*+ all ar\nd ! relief two t]race l grades1 :i* mu/ also be remov$4 ,we h1 !n1 9 addition to ! above1 ?ree sorts ( et*+1 a r\nd et*+1 9 :i* ! grade rema9+ f ! deep et*+ is to be remov$1 & a clean et*+1 or a removal ( ! wire-edge left aft] middle et*+4 ,?is natural subdivision is f\nd 9 ! old ,fr5* me?od z well z 9 ! #hj new me?od1 & bo? coat+ & ! acids are ( a /r5g? proportionate to ! diff]5t /ages ( ! "w4 ,we h already allud$ to ! lat]al action ( ! acid2 x is a factor t taxes ! c>e ( ! et*] 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! action ( ! acid1 ! edge ( ! metal "u ! coat+ is expos$ ! m1 ! long] ! action la/s2 "h1 ( c\rse1 ! dissolv+ p[] becomes app>5t4 ,! deep] we g1 ! m ! metal "u ! l9e is expos$1 & ! action on ! lat]al edge cont9ually increases4 ,9 ! effect ( ! acid we di/+ui% !nce1 a p]p5dicul> & a lat]al action4 ,s9ce ! latt] _c be remov$ by *ang+ ! "* ( ! acid1 we mu/ give x a "p 9 ?is process ( dissolv+ metals1 b at ! same "t mu/ inv5t a me?od :i* w prev5t ! l9es f gr[+ ?94 ,b 9 ord] to d ?is we mu/ "k ! relation ( ! p]p5dicul> to side action4 ,bo? are 9 proportion1 a result bo? ( !oretical & practical consid]ation4 ,9 ord] !n to atta9 a c]ta9 dep? ( et*+1 a proportional lat]al protection mu/ take place1 :i* is by degrees de/roy$ by ! lat]al action4 ,s9ce ?is lat]al action sets 9 at ! beg9n+ ( ! "w1 ! dim5sion ( ! l9e mu/ be secur$ f ! />t4 ,?is is done 9 ! ,vi5na me?od by ! already m5tion$ =mation ( ! et*+ v>ni%1 by means ( du/+ ) res9 & burn+ 91 by :i* an almo/ imp]ceptible gr[+ ( ! wid? ( l9e is atta9$4 ,! ,fr5* me?od endeavors to correct ?is by us+ a v weak acid & a correspond+ly ?9 coat+1 b coat+ (t5] & et*+ at e new coat+1 z we %all see bel[4 ,also ! coat+ = middle & deep et*+ mu/ be arrang$ 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples above elucidat$4 ,z deep z ! middle or deep et*+ is desir$1 s wide mu/ ! l9es be surr\nd$ by et*+ v>ni%4 ,,et*+ ,,by ,,! ,,fr5* ,,me?od4 ,we h already se5 7p4 #gf7 h[ a copy is made by ! ,fr5* me?od = et*+1 & we n[ cont9ue ! developm5t ( ?is process4 ,into a tray p\r #d litres ( wat] at #ah ,c41 add #ae c4cm4 nitric acid & mix well by %ak+4 ,!n place ! prep>$ plate into ! ba? & rock x = sev5 or t5 m9utes 7accord+ to ! f95ess ( ! draw+71 r9se well ) wat]1 remove ! rema9+ wat] ) blott+ pap]1 &1 f9ally1 dry ?or\ghly ) a fan4 7,d n =get to dry ! back47 ,n[ w>m ! plate f ! back1 mov+ ! flame ab\t cont9ually1 s z to secure uni=m heat+ & prev5t w>p+ ( ! z9c4 ,! asphalt p[d]1 :i* is z #ha yet b loosely atta*$1 is m intimately connect$ ) ! subjac5t ink ?r\gh ?is heat+ process4 ,! comb9ation becomes evid5t f ! assumption ( a black lu/re4 ,) ! appe>ance ( ?is1 /op heat+1 & lay ! plate on a cold /one to cool4 ,?is done1 spread "s gallic acid ov] x ) a s(t sponge1 & )\t wa%+ x (f1 spread gum on ! surface ( ! plate1 & ha/5 ! dry+ ) a fan4 ,mix "s et*+ ink ) v>ni% & "w x out into a ?9 lay] ) good r\gh roll]s4 ,if ! roll]s are 9 ord]1 wa% ! coat ( gallic acid & gum f ! plate1 remove sup]flu\s wat] & roll 9 7! mann] simil> to t us$ 9 li?ography74 ,! surface ( ! plate %\ld n be m ?an mod]ately damp1 s t ! roll]s may n slip4 ,if a coat ( color has be5 uni=mly deposit$1 wa% ! plate ) clean wat]1 remove ! excess ) a sponge & blott]1 dry by fan & remove all moi/ure by heat+ to #de ,c4 ,du/ ! w>m plate aga9 ) asphaltum 7remove ! excess71 & w>m x a trifle to secure bett] adh]5ce4 ,/r5g!n ! ba? by ! addition ( #ae c4cm4 nitric acid1 & et* aga9 = sev5 or t5 m9utes "u cont9u$ %ak+4 ,!n r9se ! plate1 remove ! wat] & dry ) a fan1 & burn 9 ! res9 p[d] well4 ,c>eful inspection w n[ %[ a successful & uni=m b /ill weak relief4 ,z be=e1 ! plate is coat$ ) gallic acid & solution ( gum1 is dri$1 wa%$1 & black5$ 91 9 :i* treatm5t "o-?ird 8wax pomatum099 is mix$ ) ! et*+ ink4 ,aft] wa%+ & dry+ heat ! plate up to #fj ,c41 ?us caus+ an imp]ceptible wid5+ ( ! draw+4 ,aft] coat+ du/ once m ) asphaltum1 w>m x & cov] only ! back & ! :ite rim ar\nd ! draw+ ) a solution ( %ellac 7#a "p ruby %ellac 9 #aj p>ts spirits74 ,/r5g!n ! ba? ) #bj c4cm4 ( acid & ba! x = sev5 to t5 m9utes1 %ak+ ! ba? regul>ly4 ,cont9ue until y see t ! lat]al action ( ! acid has almo/ :olly de/roy$ ! lat]al cov]+ produc$ by heat+4 ,d n1 h[ev]1 et* too long1 & d n mi/ake ! ov]-hang+ coat = ! o!r4 ,!n foll[ wa%+1 dry+1 melt+ on "s res91 cool+1 coat+ ) gum1 black+ 9 ) equal p>ts ( et*+ ink & 8wax pomatum10 !n wa%+1 dry+1 great] heat+ 7#gj ,c47 7s t by increas+ ! ink ea* l9e receives lat]al protection71 cool & du/ to excess ) ! f9e/ res9 du/4 #hb 99 ,wax pomatum is prep>$ by cutt+ beeswax into f9e p>ts & cov]+ x 9 a wide-neck$ flask ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,9 a few days a jelly-l mixture w rema91 :i* s]ves ! above purpose4 ,z we h n[ rea*$ ! necess>y dep? = ! n>r[e/ portions1 we use1 in/ead ( ! asphaltum1 res91 :i* melts easily & spreads out readily1 9 ord] to atta9 protection = our middle et*+4 ,/r5g!n ! ba? ) #cj c4cm4 acid1 & ba! until ! lat]al action ( ! acid has r$uc$ ! lat]al coat+ to a n>r[ edge4 ,!n wa%1 dry1 melt on "s res91 cool1 prep>e ) gum4 ,black5 9 z be=e1 b employ "o-?ird et*+ ink & two-?irds wax pomade & apply s ?ickly t all ! n>r[e/ spaces ( ! draw+ are completely fill$ ) color4 ,cont9ue w>m+ until ! ink1 :i* 0 appli$1 has well cov]$ ea* l9e2 !n dry & use res9 z be=e4 ,! acid may n[ be /r5g!n$ by #ajj-aeh c4cm41 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( coat+ *os54 ,ba?+ mu/ be cont9u$ until ! edge t has run (f beg9s to gr[ n>r[4 ,wa%1 dry1 burn 9 res91 cool1 coat ) gum1 & black5 9 by roll]s ) clean wax4 ,cont9ue heat+ until ea* l9e is well cov]$ by ink4 ,always du/ until ! ink is fully saturat$ & !n heat g5tly4 ,/r5g!n ! ba? #bjj c4cm4 & beg9 ! deep et*+4 ,accord+ to ! dep? to be atta9$ repeat ! manipulation ( /r5g!n+ once or twice4 ,:5ev] a corrosion ( ! lat]al coat+ becomes app>5t1 coat fre%ly1 adh]+ to ! above ord] ( op]ation4 ,= obta9+ ! necess>y dep? ink is appli$ ab\t t5 times1 add+ wax ea* "t to facilitate ! spread+ :5 w>m+4 ,9 ord] to atta9 a f9e1 regul> lat]al coat+1 great ability 9 manipulat+ ! roll]s is necess>y1 s9ce )\t su* ! correct degree ( /r5g!n+ is nev] atta9$4 ,irregul> coat+ leads1 ( c\rse1 to irregul> melt+ ( ! ink2 "o spot !n is already suffici5tly wide1 :ile ano!r is n yet cov]$4 ,9 su* cases coat+ ) a bru% mu/ be resort$ to4 ,if ! necess>y dep? is atta9$1 ! plate is to be fre$ c>efully f ! coat+ ) a bru% & oil ( turp5t9e1 & !n plac$ 9 fre% sawdu/1 :i* absorbs ! oil ( turp5t9e & leaves beh9d a clean surface4 ,n[ ! "w c be criticis$ 9 all its p>ts4 ,to e coat+ is a correspond+ n>r[ edge ( et*+1 :i* is n[ to be remov$ 9 ord] to make ! plate fit = pr9t+4 ,to remov+ ^! edges we mu/ devote our att5tion4 ,we beg9 ) ! top "o1 & make prep>ations ?us3 ,roll out on a clean1 w>m /one ) faultlessly smoo? roll]s a v ?9 gauze-l lay] ( et*+ ink4 ,likewise w>m ! z9c plate & roll x 9 all directions )\t pressure till ! picture becomes beautifully black4 #hc ,pressure mu/ n be employ$1 b ! coat+ mu/ be obta9$ by r5ew$ work+ out ( ! roll]s on ! color-slab1 & repeat$ coat+4 ,:5 at la/ ! desir$ /r5g? is obta9$1 du/ ) ! f9e/ asphaltum p[d]1 bl[ ! traces ( du/ out ( ! holl[s1 & w>m till ! lay] becomes slightly brilliant4 ,next1 et* 9 a new ba? ( #djjj c4cm4 ( wat] & #dj c4cm4 ( acid = #g m9utes1 wa%1 & dry well2 !n1 ) m ink on ! roll]s1 coat ! dri$ plate1 du/ once ) res91 heat g5tly1 !n apply ! asphaltum & burn 9 /rongly4 ,?us ! fir/ relief is protect$ lat]ally1 & ! fir/ grade c be et*$ d[n completely1 )\t endang]+ ! draw+4 ,to remove ! second grade1 we repeat wa%+1 & put on et*+ ink mix$ ) "o-?ird wax4 ,roll+ mu/ cont9ue till ! n>r[e/ spaces ( ! et*+ are completely clos$4 ,!n foll[ du/+ ) res91 w>m+1 & plac+ ! w>m plate 9 ! asphalt1 du/+1 remov+ ! excess1 & f9ally burn+ 94 ,) ?is coat+ a fur!r r\nd+ ( ! grades c take place 79 a ba? ( #aj ,baum74 ,cont9ue ?is process until all ! grades are remov$ & ! et*+ appe>s z p]fect z a ca/ plate4 ,s9ce hi!rto all publications on *emigraphy h duly describ$ ?is me?od1 ,i believe t ,i %\ld n ent] into fur!r details1 improvem5ts1 etc4 ,suffice x to call att5tion to weak po9ts4 ,9 view ( ! new me?od lat] to be describ$1 ! read] may make a comp>ison betwe5 ! two4 ,a v weak po9t is ! me?od ( /r5g!n+ bas$ on ! li?ographic process ( sup]impos+ new color ^u ! old color4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! repeat$ melt+ 9 ( res91 ?is latt] acquires an unev5 surface1 :i* c be black5$ 9 only ) great difficulty4 ,equally untru/wor?y is ! lat]al protection by melt+ (f1 :i* is only atta9$ ) safe uni=mity by skill$ work]s4 ,& :at is m1 ) ! weak coat+ at ! beg9n+2 ev5 weak acid (t5 works its way ?r\gh to ! et*+1 s t ! f9i%$ et*+ appe>s slightly por\s1 & gives no d5se black pr9t4 ,also %ak+1 :i* is to promote ! removal ( ! metallic mud & ! gas bubbles f ! l9es ( ! et*+1 has an unsatisfactory effect1 inasmu* z ! s+le l9es are (t5 ?us "u-wa%$4 ,b ! pr9cipal defect is t no accurate det]m9ation ( ! degree ( ea* op]ation c be made1 ev]y?+ dep5d+ on ! delicate execution ( ! process4 ,! "t t ! et*+ ( a correct1 deep cli* requires by ?is me?od is f eight to t5 h\rs4 ,?is proc$ure also dem&s bett] tra9$ h&s #hd ?an ! ,au/rian1 :i*1 9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts1 is bas$ on a division ( labor1 & 9 :i* m5 tra9$ 9 a s+le manipulation1 "u good sup]vision1 accompli% ! maximum "w surely & excell5tly4 ,fur!rmore1 ! exp5ses ( ! manufacture on a l>ge scale are f> great]1 s9ce ea* et*] draws a great] sal>y ?an a workman skill$ 9 a few manipulations1 su* z ! foll[+ me?od requires4 ,,! ,,au/rian ,,me?od--,,! ,,et*+ ,,on4 ,i h already %[n h[ a transf]r$ plate %\ld be prep>$ = et*+ by ?is me?od4 ,be=e proce$+ to ! details1 h[ev]1 we w prep>e ! et*+ ba?s1 :i*1 by ! way1 may always be employ$ = sev]al plates4 ,correspond+ to ! ?ree /eps ( et*+1 we require ?ree ba?s ( diff]5t conc5tration to be det]m9$ by means ( an areomet] ) a ,baum scale4 ,! ba? = et*+ on is prep>$ 9 /r5g? ( #b ,baum at a temp]ature ( #ah ,c4 ,!re mu/ be a quantity suffici5t to cov] ! plate to a dep? ( #d to #e c5timetres4 ,! ba? = middle et*+ requires #aj ,baum & a temp]ature ( #ah ,c42 ! ba? = deep et*+1 #ah ,baum4 ,^! ba?s are prep>$ at ! beg9n+1 & are us$ = ! five successive /ages ( et*+4 ,if1 aft] cont9u$ use1 ! ba? = deep et*+ %\ld gr[ weak1 x may be us$ = middle et*+4 ,= protect+ ! trays1 ,i recomm5d a coat ( gutta-p]*a ov] a well-coat$ inn] surface ( asphaltum4 ,ev]y?+ be+ ready1 imm]se ! prep>$ plate 9 ! ba?1 & ) an et*+-bru% bru% ! surface ( ! plate uni=mly = two m9utes4 ,! hairs ( ! bru% mu/ only re/ lightly on ! metallic surface4 ,= det]m9+ "t1 use s&-glasses ( two1 ?ree1 & five m9utes4 ,aft] two m9utes1 take ! plate out ( ! acid1 wa% x well ) wat]1 & exam9e x c>efully4 ,if ! effect has n be5 uni=m1 see t two m9utes m c be safely giv5 9 ! et*+ ba?4 ,if by any sort ( c>eless h&l+ ! plate has be5 injur$1 dry x ) blott+-pap]1 vaporize ! rema9+ dampness1 & cov] ! soil$ spot ) v ?ick solution ( asphaltum 9 turp5t9e4 ,cool1 & cont9ue bru%+ lightly = two m9utes 9 ! ba?4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t1 wa% & exam9e aga94 ,ev5 n[ ev]y?+ w be intact4 ,) v f9e draw+s1 h[ev]1 lat]al action has already progress$ s f> t1 "u all circum/ances1 ! expos$ edges mu/ be cov]$4 ,co>s] draw+s g5]ally /& "o or two m9utes m4 ,to try ! dep? ( et*+3 ) y\r f+]-nail on ! edge ( ! black #he rim1 feel h[ f> ! et*+-on has proce$$4 ,z soon z ! f+]-nail cat*es1 ! dep? is suffici5t1 & ! sides ( ! l9es may be cov]$4 ,= ?is op]ation ! plate ne$s1 above all1 ?or\gh wa%+1 dry+ on bo? sides by blott+-pap] & g5tle heat1 & a temp]ature ( #de ,c4 ,at ?is temp]ature place ! plate into ! f9e/ res9-p[d]1 & rub ! latt] sev]al times ov] ! w>m draw+1 us+ = ?is purpose a f9e bru%4 ,! protection1 :i* has gr[n /icky ?r\gh heat+1 reta9s a ?9 coat+ ( res91 :i*1 aft] du/+ (f ! bright metallic spots ) a bru% & f9e cotton1 & aft] c>eful fann+ (f1 is reheat$ to ab\t #ej ,c4 ,at ?is temp]ature ! plate is return$ to ! :ite ros91 receives a good du/+-91 & be+ fre$ f excess z be=e1 is heat$ to ab\t #fe1 s t ! easily fusible ros9 beg9s to spread out4 ,at ?is mom5t ext+ui% ! light1 & put ! plate into ! asphaltum1 :i* w atta* itself copi\sly to ! /icky res94 ,bru% ! plate well ) ! sub/ance1 remove any excess f ! bright spots1 heat to #hj ,c42 !n place x aga9 into ! asphaltum1 bru% x1 clean x by remov+ any excess1 & heat x to #ajj ,c41 :5 a complete comb9ation ( ! res9\s mass takes place1 & a uni=m et*+ v>ni% is =m$4 ,?is la/ coat+ is extremely regul>1 & x is wond]ful to see ! accuracy ) :i* ! l9es h be5 cov]$4 ,beg9n]s are w>n$ to pay att5tion to ! c>eful clean+ ( ! bright p>ts ( ! plate :5 bru%+ & du/+ x2 %\ld any res9 rema9 beh9d1 x melts on1 & gr[s by degrees to a /rong yell[ t9t1 :i* is v difficult to remove1 b v easy to gu>d aga9/4 ,nev] =get to du/ (f ! back4 ,:ile ! plate is /ill hot1 lean x aga9/ ! wall1 face 91 & ! back cov]$ ) a solution ( %ellac4 ,n[ ! plate is ready = fur!r et*+1 :i* is c>ri$ on = two m9utes 9 ! fir/ ba?4 ,at ! end ( two m9utes1 wa% & exam9e critically4 ,9 almo/ e case we may et* = a ?ird1 or ev5 a f\r? "t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 suffici5t = ! beg9n] to "k t he has suffici5tly et*$ 9 two spaces ( two m9utes ea*1 aft] prep>+ ) res94 ,try+ & exam9+ ) ! f+]-nail on ! black edge w %[ a f9e relief4 ,%\ld x be possible to et* = a ?ird space ( two m9utes1 or ev5 ( "o1 )\t dang]1 x is pref]able to d s4 ,x %\ld be a rule to proce$ z f> z possible1 judg+ f ! "* ( draw+ & coat+4 ,exp]i5ce is easily ga9$ 9 two or ?ree trials1 s9ce any?+ c be exam9$ at any mom5t4 ,beg9n]s w\ld d well to use a magnify+-glass ) good field ( view 9 exam9+1 :5 !y c obs]ve ! mo/ s5sitive portion1 & #hf all *anges may easily be notic$4 ,! bru% %\ld be us$ lightly1 to prev5t scrat*+4 ,usually1 x is fa/5$ at "r angles to a /ick to protect ! h&s f ! effect ( ! acid4 ,to raise ! plates out ( ! tray1 lay a gutta-p]*a ?read into ! bottom ( ea* tray1 fa/5$ at "o end to ! top edge ( ! tray1 project+ ov] ! same on ! o!r side4 ,! plate is plac$ on ! ?read :ile et*+4 ,x may be remov$ )\t t\*+ ! ba? by pull+ ! free end ( ! ?read4 ,z already rem>k$1 ! spread+ ( ink on a surface :i* is m or less r\gh is difficult4 ,= ?is reason ! plate1 :5 et*$-on aft] my me?od1 is to be wa%$ out ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,a /rong bru% %\ld be us$ = ?is1 & "s ( ! oil rubb$ ov] ! plate )\t pressure4 ,y mu/ cause a dissolv+1 n a rubb+ (f1 ( ! coat4 ,on cont9u+ ! addition ( turp5t9e1 ! metal gr[s bright4 ,take1 !n1 a h&ful ( ! co>se/ ( p9e-wood sawdu/ & rub (f ! surface4 ,?is removes in/antly e trace ( turp5t9e1 leav+ a clean surface beh9d4 ,= ! sake ( security1 p\r on m turp5t9e1 rub ) a some:at s(t] bru%1 & remove aga9 ) clean sawdu/4 ,x is important t ! wa%-table %\ld always rema9 free f sawdu/1 :i* latt] %\ld fall ?r\gh ! grat+ into a suitable receptacle4 ,if ?is rule is disreg>d$1 ! wa%-bru% w soon be a conglom]ate ( sawdu/ & hairs4 ,sawdu/ & turp5t9e w /ick to ! bru% s tightly t a new bru% w h to be pur*as$4 ,n[ we aga9 exam9e our "w4 ,x is a m>k ( success if ! relief /ill %[s its orig9al smoo?ness 9 all its p>ts1 & has n[h]e gr[n por\s4 ,all ! p>ts mu/ be cle> 9 _! correct proportional /r5g?1 z se5 9 ! transf]4 ,! treatm5t ( ! plate f ! "t ( transf] to ! close ( ! et*+-on takes3 = ! sav+ ( ! edges & ! :ite portions ( ! draw+1 #b m9utes2 = prep>+ twice ) asphaltum1 #d m9utes2 = v>ni%+ ! back & color+ ! plate1 #d m9utes2 = et*+-on ! lat]al protection1 #d to #e m9utes2 = prep>+ twice ) res91 asphaltum1 & v>ni%+1 #af m9utes2 = r5ew$ et*+1 #d to #e m9utes2 & = wa%+1 #e m9utes--t is1 #cc m9utes 9 all4 ,add #g m9utes = inspection & ret\*+1 & #dj m9utes w be ! space all[$ = et*+-on4 #hg ,,middle ,,et*+4 ,9 ord] to give to ! middle t9ts ( ! draw+ ! dep? necess>y = pr9t+1 we beg9 ) a new black+-94 ,we ne$ = ?is purpose excell5t1 smoo?1 & h>d roll]s1 :i* are imm]s$ 9 m9ium & l9se$ oil1 & are !n left to dry = a %ort "t4 ,contr>y to ! ,fr5* me?od1 we ne$ "h a ?9 composition = ! et*+ ink1 obta9$ by concoct+ equal p>ts ( p>aff9e1 suet1 beeswax1 & ord9>y ink1 prep>$ 9 an excess ( good l9se$ oil4 7,ready-made color ( "r composition may be _h ( ,e4 ,liesegang1 9 ,dusseldorf1 & o!r deal]s47 ,?is color1 :5 ( "r composition1 possesses ! p[] ( absorb+ res9-p[d]1 & *anges 9 comb9ation ) ! same1 :5 heat$1 to a compact1 v solid1 yet brittle mass4 ,( ?is color1 :i* is s(t z butt]1 take a portion on a knife-po9t1 & spread x ^u ! smoo? roll]s1 =m+ a p]fectly uni=m lay]4 ,! complete cov]+ is done by roll+1 *ang+ ! adju/m5t at int]vals4 ,:5 a p]fectly uni=m1 oily coat is spread on ! color-slab & ! roll]s1 beg9 roll+-9 ! wa%$ plate4 ,d n ex]t any pressure1 b roll1 c>ry+ ! h&les s z to black ! relief only f ! surface ( ! roll]s4 ,( c\rse1 x _c be prev5t$1 & is ( no consequ5ce1 if ink atta*es itself to ! l>ge :ite spots4 ,roll+ cont9ues till ! oily br[n coat+ has deposit$ itself uni=mly4 ,ex]cise c>e 9 ord] n to get m ink on "s spots ?an on o!rs4 ,! plate1 n[ completely roll$1 is plac$ 9 ! f9ely p[d]$ res91 ) :i* x mu/ be completely cov]$4 ,= ! space ( two m9utes ! oily color absorbs ! p[d]1 :i* %\ld1 !re=e1 be /rewn on x & rubb$ (f repeat$ly4 ,if saturation 9 ! cold has tak5 place1 du/ (f lightly ) bru% & cotton1 bl[ (f well1 & heat uni=mly to #ce ,c4 ,! res9 %\ld n melt n[1 b %\ld only gr[ /icky & comb9e intimately ) ! color1 :i* =ms ! b9d+ mat]ial4 ,?is *ange is obs]v$ imm$iately 9 ! *ange result+ 9 ! gray res9 coat4 ,z soon z ! *ange occurs 7bew>e ( unequal heat+71 aga9 place ! w>m plate into ! res91 saturate z be=e1 du/ out1 bl[ /rongly on ! bright1 metallic spaces1 to remove rema9+ traces ( res91 & heat to #ej-ee ,c4 ,at ?is temp]ature cov] ! film ) f9e asphalt p[d]1 du/ (f z be=e1 & heat to #fe or #gj ,c4 ,9 ?is condition ! plate is aga9 saturat$ ) asphalt1 & ! lay]1 aft] c>eful du/+ & bl[+1 is heat$ until x gr[s slightly #hh brilliant4 ,?us a complete coat+ is =m$1 & ! plate has ! appe>ance ( ,fig4 #f4 ,! black spots repres5t ! dirt :i* has clung to ! int5se/ lights1 & mu/ be remov$4 ,b be=e attempt+ ?is1 we v>ni% ! back ( our plate ) a solution ( %ellac1 & cool x completely 9 wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,n[ take a v co>se scrap]1 gr\nd ) a %>p edge2 hold x betwe5 ! index & middle f+]s1 & scrat* away ! dirt f ! light spots1 mak+ ! edge ( ! scrat*] draw ! /rokes close toge!r4 ,! brittle back+ breaks (f f9ely1 & 9 a few m9utes ! dirt is remov$ & ! plate is ready = et*+4 ,if 7:i* w only happ5 to beg9n]s7 ! draw+ %\ld be scrat*$1 ! expos$ spot mu/ be cov]$1 by means ( a bru%1 ) a ?ick1 w>m solution ( asphalt 9 turp5t9e2 ! dirt :i* 0 scrat*$ loose is bru%$ (f1 & ! plate goes into ! ba? = middle et*+ = ab\t ?ree m9utes4 ,bru%+ & wa%+ foll[ 9 ! same way z 9 ! previ\s op]ation4 ,at ! expiration ( ?ree m9utes inspect 7) or )\t a magnify+ glass72 places t h be5 uncov]$ mu/ in/antly be cov]$ ) asphaltum1 z already direct$4 ,et*+ is cont9u$ till ! lat]al coat+ no long] protects ! fir/ relief1 :i* g5]ally takes place aft] ! ?ird p]iod 79 ab\t n9e m9utes7 9 a new ba?1 b requires twelve to fifte5 m9utes 9 an old "o4 ,x is prov$ by ! exi/5ce ( only a n>r[ ?read alongside ( ! relief4 ,! mom5t c be well asc]ta9$4 ,if we wi% to be sure ( x we may d s by expos+ ! edge ( ! black rim at diff]5t places2 ! wid? ( ! ?read is !n app>5t1 & a safe conclusion may be drawn f ! s+le spots z to ! :ole plate4 ,if n en\gh middle et*+ has tak5 place1 ! ?read rema9s wide & requires an extraord9>y clean et*+1 :i* may lead to ! picture gr[+ ?9 & endang] ! f9e/ l9es4 ,c>e1 !n1 is necess>y to asc]ta9 ! "r mom5t ( susp5d+ ! middle et*+1 & ( cont9u+ 9 ! above-describ$ mann] ) oil ( turp5t9e1 bru%+1 sawdu/+1 & wa%+4 ,aft] dry+ & bru%+ (f ! sawdu/ ) a /rong bru%1 we h ! clean plate ready = exam9ation4 ,we obs]ve ! grade ( et*+ produc$ by #hi middle et*+ p>allel to ! cont\rs ( ! diff]5t p>ts1 & c safely ass]t t ! process has tak5 its natural c\rse4 ,et*+s )\t real deep places 7z high lights7 might "h be et*$ clean--t is1 might und]go removal ( ! =m$ et*+ grade4 ,yet x is pref]able to place ! edge ( ! draw+ z l[ z possible1 to prev5t a t5d5cy to crook$ness1 s-call$ facett+1 & to get a deep edge = nail+ ! plate on wood4 ,! outw>d appe>ance ( ! et*+ improves consid]ably1 & ! cli* c be fa/5$ mu* m securely4 ,! *emigraphi/ mu/ endeavor to satisfy ! dem&s ( ! pr9t] 9 all respects1 & %\ld omit no?+ t s]ves to p]fect 8 "w4 ,?us only c he ga9 a good reputation bo? = himself & = 8 "w4 ,,deep ,,et*+4 ,hav+ be5 successfully treat$ 9 ! middle et*+ process1 ! plate ne$s only depression ( ! l>g] light spots4 ,"s simplify ?is "p ( ! "w by cutt+ out ! highe/ lights by means ( a *isel1 rev]se gr\nd4 ,?is c easily be done aft] a little practice1 & (t5 saves "t & acid4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 ) ! *isel2 ! plate %\ld lie on a flat surface & ! cutt+ twi/ be execut$ lightly & regul>ly4 ,if ?is c\rse is decid$ ^u & is appli$ to ! highe/ lights1 proce$ to ! execution ( ! deep et*+4 ,su* *isell+ does n happ5 9 my laboratory1 s9ce ,i pref] to et* all plates alike to _! normal dep?4 ,an excess ( ink is n[ well spread ov] ! roll]s & ! plate is roll$ 9 all directions4 ,close up all ! middle t9ts & give ! acid room only 9 ! d5se/ lights4 ,?is coat+ is done by w>m+ ! regul>ly cov]$ plate to #ca ,c41 & all[+ ! ink to fl[ d[n rapidly & cov] ! recesses4 ,a second coat+ ) sl[ manipulat+ ( ! roll]s & manipulation ( ! h&les )\t pressure1 w yield a suffici5t coat f above4 ,if1 despite ?is1 c]ta9 p>ts %\ld n be suffici5tly black5$1 rub on m ink till ! cov]+ is suffici5t & ! side protection p]fect4 ,z 9 middle et*+1 we mu/ proce$ to ! =mation ( an et*+ v>ni% by du/+ ) gums1 plac+ into res91 by lightly rubb+ ?is res9 on 9 con/antly r5ew$ lay]s1 till ! absorptive p[] ( ! ink ceases2 !n w>m+ & du/+ w>m ) ! same res9 to complete saturation2 !n rais+ ! heat z above1 & du/+ ) asphaltum to saturation1 heat+ /rong] & f9ally plac+ ! hot plate into asphaltum1 :i* aga9 secures all p>ts cov]$ ) ink & res94 #ij ,at ! diff]5t times ( remov+ ! du/1 pay p>ticul> att5tion to ! bright metallic p>ts4 ,ov]-removal ( du/ removes res9 f ! lay]2 "u-removal leaves beh9d an ob/9ate yell[ t9t 9 ! bright spots4 ,practice & exp]i5ce readily prove ! be/ tea*]s 9 ?is respect4 ,! f9al heat+ ( ! et*+ v>ni% mu/ be pu%$ s f> t an intimate connection is effect$ betwe5 all ( its p>ts4 ,?is is easily noticeable f ! uni=m gloss ( ! mass4 ,:ile /ill hot1 ! back ( ! plate is c>efully v>ni%$ & cool+ is promot$ by dipp+ x into cold wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,b few spots are to be remov$ by *isell+ 7see ,fig4 #g71 = ! roll]s h only black$ ! middle ( ! highe/ lights4 ,^! spots1 z indicat$ 9 middle et*+1 are scrat*$ bright ) a *isel4 ,x is important always to scrape (f ! :ite edge ar\nd ! draw+4 ,scrat*+ ( ! plate does n ev5 happ5 ) beg9n]s1 except 9 cases ( gross c>elessness4 ,if x does happ51 a good cov]+ ) ! turp5t9e solution ( asphalt mu/ be us$4 ,:5 ?is is all done prop]ly we proce$ to et*4 ,! process ( et*+ by ! aid ( a bru% is cont9u$ 9 p]iods ( five m9utes ea*4 ,x is necess>y to exam9e ! side cov]+ c>efully at ! end ( e op]ation2 a dilig5t bru%+ (f ( ! surface is also to be recomm5d$4 ,et*+ is cont9u$ until1 by degrees1 ! lat]al coat+ decreases & ! grade gr[s n>r[]4 ,at ?is juncture--t is1 aft] ab\t five to six op]ations 7tw5ty-five m9utes7 ! necess>y dep? is atta9$4 ,9 few cases 7& almo/ always ) beg9n]s71 x happ5s t a s+le coat+ does n suffice = deep et*+ )\t endang]+ ! plate4 ,9 su* cases wa% ! plate1 coat x a second "t1 & =m a second et*+ v>ni%4 ,:5 ! dep? is satisfactory ! plate is wa%$ & ! new grade may be criticis$4 ,aft] a prop] exam9ation1 we proce$ to ! ,,r\nd ,,et*+4 ,its object is to remove ! la/ =m$ grade4 ,coat ! plate ) a v uni=m coat+ ( ink1 correspond+ to ! "o us$ 9 middle et*+4 ,a #ia crit]ion = correct coat+ is1 t only ! grade caus$ by middle et*+ be cov]$1 :ile ! grade f deep et*+ mu/ rema9 expos$4 ,rememb] also t 9 heat+ ! plate a fur!r spread+ is caus$ by melt+4 ,to ! inexp]i5c$ x may happ5 t ! grade caus$ by deep et*+ is ( v>iable wid?4 ,^! places mu/ be remov$ by work+ ov] ) a grav] be=e cont9u+1 z o!rwise we w n atta9 symmetrical r\nd et*+4 ,! plate prep>$ = ! latt] treatm5t is only du/$ once 9 res91 & !n bl[n out4 ,x is !n heat$ to #de ,c41 & is du/$ & heat$ twice ) asphaltum at increas+ temp]ature1 j z 9 bo? ! previ\s processes4 ,no?+ n[ rema9s to be scrat*$ away4 ,aft] hav+ v>ni%$ ! back1 ! plate is et*$ 9 ! middle et*+ ba? two or ?ree times = ?ree m9utes4 ,at ! end ( ea* p]iod exam9e :e!r ano!r :ole p]iod is necess>y1 or :e!r r\nd+ ! plate requires less "t4 ,:5 ?is is ov] 7sev]al p>ts1 :i* p]haps 7 already f9i%$ be=eh&1 h be5 cov]$71 wa% & approa* ! next problem1 ! removal ( ! grade result+ f ! middle et*+4 ,?is is call$ ,,clean ,,et*+4 ,^u ! clean1 smoo? roll]s spread ?ick transf] ink & roll x out p]fectly4 ,x is advisable to w>m ! /one previ\sly ) a little alcohol1 :i* promotes ! work+ out ( ! color4 ,:5 ! surface ( ! color has become p]fectly uni=m ! plate is roll$ 9 sl[ly & )\t pressure4 ,pressure w\ld deposit too mu* color 9 ! f9e/ recesses1 & prev5t ! clean et*+ & %>p5+ ( ! same1 ?us caus+ lack ( h>mony 9 ! pr9ts4 ,x is bett] to coat ! %ad[s ) a pad1 z !y require m color4 ,! plate1 ?us black5$1 is to be du/$ once ) ! f9e/ asphalt p[d]1 !n fre$ f excess by du/+ (f & bl[+ until ! coat+ becomes brilliant4 ,clean et*+ !n takes place 9 ! ba? = et*+ on1 9 p]iods ( "o m9ute ea*1 & repeat$ly until ! la/ ?read has disappe>$4 ,n[ ev]y?+ is ready = a pro(1 & = subsequ5t m\nt+4 ,fig4 #f %[s a pr9t ( ! little picture giv5 dur+ ! process ( middle & deep et*+1 & admits ( an in/ructive comp>ison dur+ ! progress ( ! "w4 #ib ,pro(s are made f ! clean$ plate 7! back ( :i* has be5 scrat*$ clean7 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,^u a good li?ographic roll] place a quantity ( ! be/ ink & coat ! et*+ uni=mly4 ,help ! %ad[s along by dabb+ on "s ink ) a lea!r pad4 ,:5 ?is is done1 c>efully rub (f ! excess 9 ! lighte/ spots1 & fix ! plate 9 ! roll+-press2 place on x a %eet ( well-cal5d]$ tissue pap]1 next a %eet ( writ+ pap]1 a %eet ( ,bri/ol pap]1 & a c>dbo>d4 ,) v little pressure 7! ?ickness ( "o c>dbo>d less ?an 9 ! transf]7 draw x ?r\gh4 ,if ! pr9t is too weak1 place pap] bel[1 %eet by %eet4 ,! /rong] spots may be black5$ sep>ately4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,,f9i%+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,,! ,,plate4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be done is ! removal ( ! black edge left by et*+ & ! saw+ out ( su* spots 9 ! draw+ z 7 sp>$ = ?is f ! beg9n+4 ,! wa/e may be remov$ by means ( a circul> saw or a f9e-too!d c>p5t]'s saw4 ,d n1 h[ev]1 =get to leave beh9d a m>g9 ( ab\t ?ree millimetres = ! purpose ( nail+ ! plate to ! wood4 ,! edges mu/ be smoo!d ) a grav]1 fil$ & *ipp$ (f to a suitable plane1 s9ce saw+ produces a %>p edge4 ,to remove ! spots sp>$ 9 ! draw+1 bore a hole ?r\gh ! metal at t spot ) an ,am]ican gimlet1 introduce a scroll saw1 & ?us cut out ! metal4 ,! edge %\ld be work$ ov] ) a dog-leg *isel4 ,by aid ( ! bor] we also make ! conical holes 9 ! edge1 ?r\gh :i* ! nails are to be hamm]$4 ,elevations caus$ on ! back ( ! plate by bor+ %\ld be remov$ by fil+4 ,! block ( wood :i* is to raise ! height ( ! plate to t ( type %\ld be cut f p]fectly dry maple1 oak1 or mahogany wood4 ,) ! plate x mu/ j rea* to ! top ( ! type2 ! sides mu/ be p>allel1 & all %\ld be p]fectly smoo?4 ,cutt+ at "r angles c be done ) a circul> saw or ) ! aid ( a mitre saw us$ by pr9t]s = su* "w4 ,= exact exam9ation ( height1 #ic pass ! block & z9c ?r\gh ! calib]-bridge 7,fig4 #i74 ,r\gh5 ! base & top surface ( ! block ) a too?+-plane4 ,:5 conv9c$ t ! block fits p]fectly1 nail ! et*+ ^u x1 tak+ c>e to drive ! heads ( ! nails well into ! holes provid$ = !m1 o!rwise !y w %[ 9 ! pr9t4 ,if o!r small details are notic$1 !y may be remov$ ) a dog-leg *isel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,?is f9i%es ! plate = deliv]y4 ,9 ! exp\nd$ explanation ( my *emigraphical me?od1 ! foll[+ arrangem5t may s]ve ! beg9n] z a guide to ! manipulations f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! "w3 #a4 ,plan+ ! plate4 #b4 ,gr9d+ x out4 #c4 ,free+ f fat1 & !n te/+ its cleanl9ess4 #d4 ,transf]r+ ! draw+ to ! metal4 #e4 ,prep>+ ! metallic surface aft] transf]4 #f4 ,/r5g!n+ ! transf]r$ draw+ by rubb+1 roll+1 or flood+ x z direct$4 #g4 ,transmutation ( ! transf]r$ draw+ into a resi/+ et*+ v>ni% by d\ble bespr9kl+ & burn+ 9 ( asphaltum1 subsequ5t to cov]+ ! edges & l>ge light p>ts1 & aft] v>ni%+ ! back4 #h4 ,%>p or prelim9>y et*+1 /r5g!n+ ) res9 p[d]1 & f9i%+ prelim9>y et*+4 #i4 ,wa%+ & exam9+ ! "w4 #aj4 ,coat+ ) et*+ ink = middle et*+4 #aa4 ,=mation ( ! et*+ v>ni% by d\ble du/+ & increas+ burn+-9 ( 7a7 res9 & 7b7 asphalt2 v>ni%+ ! back4 #ab4 ,*isell+ out ! lights ( ! picture4 #ac4 ,middle et*+4 #ad4 ,wa%+ & exam9+ ! result4 #ae4 ,coat+ = deep et*+4 #af4 ,=mation ( et*+ v>ni% by du/+1 heat+ ) increas+ /r5g? ( res9 & asphaltum2 v>ni%+ ! back4 #ag4 ,deep et*+4 #ah4 ,wa%+ out & exam9+4 #ai4 ,coat+ = r\nd et*+4 #bj4 ,=mation ( et*+ v>ni% by s+le du/+ & w>m+ ( res91 & d\ble du/+ & burn+-9 ( asphaltum2 v>ni%+ ! back4 #ba4 ,r\nd et*+4 #bb4 ,wa%+ & exam9+ ! plate4 #bc4 ,coat+ = clean et*+4 #bd4 ,=mation ( et*+ v>ni% by s+le du/+ & burn+-9 ( asphaltum at a high temp]ature4 #be4 ,clean et*+4 #bf4 ,wa%+ & scrap+ ! back4 #bg4 ,pro(s4 #bh4 ,cutt+ out & m\nt+ ! plate4 #id ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,h9ts ,,f ,,all ,,s\rces4 ,al?\gh ! numb] increases almo/ e week1 !re are b few p]sons :o und]/& photo-reproductive processes 9 all _! details4 ,^? :o d1 h be5 s *>y ( giv+ ( :at !y "k1 t our lit]ature on ! subject is v scanty inde$4 ,consequ5tly1 z all ! h9ts t are obta9able are v welcome1 ,i h collat$ a few f v>i\s s\rces1 & make a mosaics ( !m "h = ! g5]al good4 ,e w\ld-be photo-engrav]1 if he is n already a skill$ photograph]1 %\ld obta9 & /udy a good photographic text-book4 ,if he proposes to make 8 own draw+s1 he %\ld also obta9 ,burnet's ,essays on ,art4 ,! fir/ w n only tea* ! be/ =mula = ! production ( negatives1 b x w also enjo9 ! importance ( be+ c>eful1 cleanly1 & exact 9 all ! manipulations4 ,! second w tea* h[ to draw accord+ to ! be/ rules ( art4 ,rememb] always1 ! old injunction1 :atev] y are1 be be/6 ,aft] ! regul> photographic manipulations are well look$ aft]1 ! prep>ation ( ! draw+ %\ld h att5tion4--,,edw>d ,l4 ,,wilson4 ,,z ,,to ,,! ,,draw+4 ,!re are two sep>ate & di/9ct /yles ( draw+ = reproductive purposes1 :e!r ! arti/ic engrav] be employ$1 or any ( ! means ( automatic engrav+ be us$4 ,^! two me?ods are te*nically kn[n respectively z fac simile draw+1 & draw+ 9 wa%4 ,! =m] consi/s 9 ! sole employm5t ( l9es1 9 :i* ! %ad+ is to be produc$ z well z ! outl9e ( a picture4 ,e l9e & m>k t is subsequ5tly to appe> 9 ! engrav+ mu/ be trac$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,?is description ( draw+ is applicable to wood engrav+1 to l9e engrav+ ^u copp] or /eel1 z well z to all ! me?ods = automatically produc+ blocks = relief pr9t+4 ,! l9e me?od is also univ]sally adopt$ by et*]s 9 intaglio4 ,successfully to prep>e draw+s = photographic reproduction x is ess5tial t "s k %\ld be possess$ ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( #ie photography1 z well z an acqua9tance ) ! capabilities ( ! p>ticul> process ( production :i* is to be employ$4 ,?us1 ! mat]ial ^u :i* ! draw+ is to be made %\ld be ( su* a "* z w yield a /rong & well-def9$ contra/ to ! l9es ( ! draw+2 :ile ! pigm5t employ$ = ! draw+ %\ld be z black z c be procur$4 ,:ite ,bri/ol bo>d ( f9e surface1 & ! be/ ,india ink meet ^! conditions4 ,a blue-black does n =m a desirable draw+ m$ium1 b ! introduction ( r$ or orange into ! composition %\ld s]ve to int5sify ! photographic image4 ,to draw ^u a d>k orange-color$ pap] ) a pale blue-gray ink w\ld be simply to disreg>d all photographic pr9ciples1 = ! photographic value ( ! pap] & ( ! ink w\ld be ne>ly equal1 & ! draw+ w\ld consequ5tly be lo/4 ,uni=mity ( color 9 ! draw+ is also desirable1 & ! arti/ %\ld resi/ ! natural t5d5cy to express di/ance & to produce 8 effects by dim9i%+ ! int5sity ( color 9 p>ts ( 8 picture4 ,f a draw+ uni=m 9 color a satisfactory negative is obta9$2 b1 9 ! o!r case1 ! photograph] mu/ e/imate an av]age duration ( exposure1 & w r>ely escape ! dilemma ( "s portions be+ ov]expos$ :ile o!rs are comp>atively undevelop$4 ,?is !ory receives illu/ration f ! fact t v good subdu$ effects c be obta9$ f well-execut$ p5cil draw+s1 :]e ?is uni=mity ( color is pres]v$4 ,a long] exposure may be requir$1 b e "p ( ! picture w be equally develop$4 ,to return to ! matt] ( ! pap] us$1 color is n ! only important consid]ation4 ,if ! surface ( ! pap] is irregul> & co>se 9 texture1 su* z pa9t]s 9 wat]-color delight 91 good results mu/ n be expect$4 ,a negative1 tak5 9 ! ord9>y way f a draw+ made on su* mat]ial1 w\ld inevitably reproduce all ! inequalities ( ! texture ( ! pap]1 to ! manife/ injury ( ! m delicate p>ts ( ! draw+4 ,9 reproductions f old pr9ts or pr9t$ books1 ! conditions & "* ( ! pap] pres5t "s ( ! greate/ difficulties ) :i* ! photograph] has to cont5d4 ,! ridges 9 ! surface ( ! pap] ca/ %ad[s :i* are too fai?fully reproduc$ 9 ! negative4 ,! employm5t ( a diffusive r ?an a direct light is ! usual rem$y1 b ! be/ way ( deal+ ) ! difficulty is t employ$ 9 ! /udio ( ! ,autotype ,company4 ,! orig9al is laid ^u ! floor "u a /rong light1 & ! cam]a set at an angle ( =ty-five degrees4 ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,dawson in=ms me t he incl9es to ! op9ion1 f\nd$ ^u #if 8 ext5sive exp]i5ce & untir+ exp]im5t1 t x is desirable to get rid ( ! surface ( ! pap] altoge!r1 by cov]+ x ) a sub/ance simil> to an enamel4 ,9 conclusion1 ! conditions requir$ 9 ! successful prep>ation ( draw+s = photographic reproduction1 may be ?us briefly summ>iz$3 ,t a suffici5t photographic contra/ %\ld exi/ betwe5 ! pigm5t employ$ & ! mat]ial ^u :i* ! draw+ is made2 t a pap] %\ld be select$ :i* is smoo? & )\t wat]-m>k1 & :ite2 t ! draw+ mat]ial may be p5cil or ink1 9 :i* blue is n a compon5t4--,,james ,s4 ,,hodgson4 ,,fad+ ,,out ,,! ,,photograph4 ,= newspap] l9e "w excell5t results may be obta9$ by draw+ ov] a photograph1 & !n fad+ out ! photographic p>ts n want$4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods1 b ! foll[+ is ! mo/ simple & ! easie/ to manage3 ,make a weak solution ( cyanide ( potassium & add a flake or two ( iod9e4 ,:5 ! draw+ is made ) wat]-pro( ink & on a photograph pr9t$ ^u bromo-gelat9e pap] ! above solution fl[$ ov] x w at once cause su* portions ( ! image z h n be5 drawn ^u ) ! ink1 to fade away & leave no?+ b a f9e ink sket* aga9/ a p]fectly :ite backgr\nd4--,,rob]ts ,,fell[s4 ,,! ,,rev]sal ,,( ,,draw+s 7,,negative ,,pr9t+74 ,?is v simple & v safe me?od is to be recomm5d$ especially = adv]tisem5ts 9 pap]s & = titles ( books1 & c be made bo? by aid ( photography 7by a transp>5cy7 & )\t x1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,make a copy1 on copy-pap]1 ( ! draw+ to be rev]s$1 us+ an ink ( gum1 glyc]9e1 & anil9e1 & transf] x c>efully1 )\t us+ too mu* wat]1 :5 loos5+4 ,dry ! plate1 & p\r ov] x a solution ( #a "p ( asphaltum1 #a "p ,v5etian turp5t9e1 9 #ah p>ts b5zole2 !n all[ to dry ^u a plate4 ,place ! plate into a weak soda solution1 & develop ) a f9e pad ( cotton1 till ! draw+ /&s cle>4 ,ord9>ily ,i employ ! foll[+ me?od3 ,a plate prep>$ = transf] is uni=mly cleans$ ) gallic acid & !n coat$ ) gum1 z 9 ! case ( black5+ a transf]r$ draw+1 :ile bo? solutions are left to dry spontane\sly4 ,?is done1 ! coat+ ( gum & gallic acid is ?or\ghly wa%$ (f1 & ! plate is c>efully dri$ & g5tly w>m$4 ,! transf]r$ draw+ mu/ be made on #ig pap] ) an easily soluble lay] compos$ z foll[s3 dissolve #ajj grammes ( :eat />*--i4 e41 />* made ( :eat--9 #djj c4cm4 ( ra9-wat]2 raise #a litre ( wat] to boil+ & dissolve !re93 #ej grammes ( common salt1 #ge grammes ( glyc]9e1 #ej grammes ( gelat9e1 & #be grammes ( molasses2 :5 ^! are well dissolv$ & tak5 up1 add sl[ly ! :eat-/>*1 /irr+ cont9ually2 !n all[ to boil a %ort "t s t we may dissolve x )\t an excess ( wat] aft] ! ord9>y transf] ( ! picture4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 we wa% x aga9 ) a s(t bru% & wat]1 dry1 du/ twice1 & burn 9 ?or\ghly ) asphaltum4 ,place ! plate 9 a v weak ba? ( nitric acid 7#aj cubic c5timetres ( acid to #a litre ( wat]71 & rock x lightly = ab\t two m9utes until ! z9c *anges color4 ,!n wa%1 dry1 & w>m4 ,! comb9ation ( gum & gallic acid is brok5 up by ?is et*+ 9 all ^? places :i* 7 n protect$ ?r\gh ! transf]r$ draw+1 & ! latt] itself1 9 ! subsequ5t black5+ ) *emical ,india-ink1 =ms ! coat+ & protection aga9/ a comb9ation ( ! z9c bel[4 ,x is be/ to black5 x ) a bru% & to w>m ! plate until ! ink has become dry4 ,n[ moi/5 aga9 ) gallic acid & gum1 wa% ! plate 7)\t great pressure7 ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 rub on m ( ! solution ( gum1 & black5 z usual4 ,practice w insure safe work+ by ?is me?od4--,j4 ,o4 ,,mor*4 ,,et*+ ,,app>atus4 ,x does n come )9 ! prov9ce ( ?is "w to in/ruct 9 ! prep>ation ( inks & colors = et*+ or = pr9t+1 s9ce su* articles are bett] pur*as$ ( ! deal]s ready prep>$4 ,9 all cases ! *oice/ results are obta9$ by us+ ! be/ app>atus & ! pure/ mat]ials4 ,!re is no economy 9 8gett+ on0 ) ! 8*eap40 ,a few h9ts z to "s ( ! 8tools0 :i* are f\nd conv5i5t 9 practice3 ,= sift+ ! f9e res9 du/1 a ma*9e is employ$1 kn[n to sieve manufactur]s z 8! composition sieve40 ,x consi/s ( ! ord9>y sieve1 hav+ on ea* side a cov] ) a bottom ( calf sk94 ,! sieve-bottom is made ( ! f9e/ silk texture4 7,see ,fig4 #aj47 ,= fix+ & melt+-9 ( ! draw+ on metal1 ,i use a grate made ( a wood5 frame ) diagonal iron rods4 ,?is =m is pref]able to ! ord9>y grate1 because x all[s ! flame free access to ! metal plate4 ,inasmu* z ! heat is /ronge/ 9 ! c5tre1 ! cross-b>s protect ! c5tre ( ! plate f burn+ & f w>p+4 ,! s\rce ( heat is ei!r an alcohol #ih lamp 7,fig4 #aa7 9 :i* cotton soak$ 9 alcohol is ignit$ 7! cov] %[n 9 ! draw+ s]ves to smo!r ! flame71 or a /rong gas flame 7,buns5 burn]74 ,! adoption ( ! latt] mode is advisable4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,! ,sieve4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,=m]ly ,i employ$ a pla9 ca/-iron heat+-plate1 ) a gas or a petroleum flame4 ,! z9c plate1 h[ev]1 be+ 9 direct contact ) ! hot surface1 w>p$ v mu*4 ,i obviat$ t some:at by cov]+ ! heat+-plate ) a piece ( wire-gauze4 ,! /rata ( hot air ?us obta9$ betwe5 ! ca/-iron & ! z9c plate heats ! latt] equally ?r\gh\t1 & prev5ts w>p+4 ,/ill ,i pref] ! direct me?od4 ,= free+ ! plate f res9-du/1 employ a /rong pair ( ord9>y bell[s4 ,! table 7,fig4 #ab7 = wa%+ ! coat+ mat]ial f ! plate consi/s ( a heavy framework1 ^u :i* re/s a wood5 grate4 ,a massive table-bo>d is n to be recomm5d$1 z ! dirty sawdu/ adh]es to ! same1 :ile ) ! o!r x easily falls ?r\gh ! op5+s into a box1 & leaves ! table free & cle>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,! measur+ or calibre-bridge 7see ,fig4 #g7 s]ves to det]m9e accurately :e!r ! ready plates h ! height ( type4 ,a rule ( =ty #ii c5timetres w suffice = any plate4 ,no plate %\ld leave ! work%op )\t hav+ be5 te/$ z to its ?ickness or height on ?is in/rum5t4 ,! z9c plane is ( ord9>y con/ruction1 to ! bottom ( :i* is atta*$ a d\ble lay] ( h>d wood4 ,! iron be+ arrang$ = scrap+ c be ins]t$ 9 a position j ! rev]se ( ! ord9>y plane4 ,! 8h&-bridge0 is a /rong rul]1 ?irty c5timetres long1 & five c5timetres wide1 to ! ends ( :i* are fa/5$ two blocks ( wood "o c5timetre high4 ,x s]ves z a support = ! h& 9 ret\*+4 ,! roll]s ( ! 8*emigraphi/10 & also ! pads1 are ( greate/ importance4 ,= et*+ by ! ,fr5* process we ne$ a good1 r\gh roll]1 & a faultless1 smoo? "o2 = ! ,vi5na process only ! latt] is ne$$1 9 addition to a smoo?1 tight lea!r ball or pad1 su* z 0 us$ 9 ! art ( pr9t+ prior to ! introduction ( roll]s4 ,a p]fectly smoo? surface is obta9$ by cov]+ ! roll]s ) a dry]1 & all[+ !m to dry 9 ! op5 air4 ,a solution ( %ellac ) camphor1 appli$ l furniture poli%1 also yields a f9e surface4--,j4 ,o4 ,,mor*4 ,,! ,,be/ ,,dry+ ,,box4 ,aft] bi*romatiz+ ! gelat9e %eet = pr9t+ ! transf] image1 ,i proce$ ) ! dry+ 9 a box con/ruct$ z foll[s3 ,! box has f\r walls or sides ( clo?1 or any o!r /uff t all[s ! air to pass ?r\gh1 & mu/ h a solid bottom1 :i* w all[ ! atta*m5t ( a heat+ app>atus b5ea? x4 ,9 ?is box is a cyl9d] :i* turns on its own axle1 & :i* c be set 9 rotation f ! outside :5 ! box is clos$4 ,^u ?is cyl9d] ! gelat9e pap]1 z we may call x1 is plac$1 & ! box clos$4 ,a v equaliz+ dry+ is ?us obta9$1 by keep+ ! heat+ app>atus "u ! bottom ( ! box con/antly at a /eady1 uni=m heat4 ,by ^! means1 x w be notic$3 #a4 ,t an unev5 runn+ d[n ( ! *rome-lay] is avoid$1 & unev5 dry+ also positively prev5t$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! c5trifugal =ce4 #b4 ,t ! dry+ by ! draft ( air is regulat$1 & at ! same "t ! air c be driv5 to a m rapid curr5t4 #c4 ,t ! gra9 =m$ by ?is extraord9>y me?od is unusually p]fect1 & ! nature ( ! gra9 m pleas+ to ! eye ?an :5 =m$ by *lorides4 #d4 ,t1 z already /at$1 a roll+ up or an unev5 dry+ is h]eby #ajj positively prev5t$1 z ! pap] is plac$ tight ar\nd ! cyl9d]4 ,& n[ = ! ma9 advantage3 ,?is s dri$ pap] is ready = use1 &1 :5 expos$ to light1 "u a negative1 produces a p]fect & correct picture1 :i*1 :5 roll$ up ) transf] ink & develop$ 9 wat]1 is ready = transf]r+ direct on to ! li?ographic /one1 or on to a metal plate1 & to be fur!r proce$$ ) z usual4--,,edw>d ,,meissn]4 ,,to ,,produce ,,gra9 ,,on ,a ,,negative4 ,! negative is tak51 & a solid pigm5t ( ,*9ese ink spr9kl$ on x ) ! ,air ,bru%1 by :i* x gets a wond]fully f9e gra94 ,a co>s] gra9 is made 9 a simil> way1 by spr9kl+ ) a knife ov] a too?-bru% t has be5 dipp$ 9 ,*9ese ink4 ,! ,air ,bru%1 h[ev]1 w always be f\nd ! mo/ suitable in/rum5t1 & n[ a wide field = its use is op5$ to arti/s ( all classes4 ,in/ead ( us+ ,*9ese ink1 gamboge1 or any o!r solid & well-cov]+ pigm5t may be us$4 ,= ! practical photo-engrav]1 li?ograph]1 photo-li?ograph]1 & o!r m5 ( exp]i5ce 9 photo-me*anical processes1 no fur!r explanation is requir$4 ,!y w at once see ! sup]iority ( ?is process ov] ev]y?+ t has hi!rto appe>$4 ,aft] ! in=mation we h j giv51 !y w all be enabl$ to d "w by ?is process4 ,x w h5ce=w>d be easy to produce photo-li?ographs = li?ographic pr9t+ z well z pr9t+ plates = ! type press )\t difficulty1 9 a %ort "t1 & at trifl+ exp5se4--,,fr$4 ,,buehr+4 ,,on ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,acids4 ,a few h9ts on use ( ! acids w =m my contribution to y\r "w3 ,9 ord] to obta9 a prop] resi/ance & firmness 9 ! l9es1 x is necess>y to prev5t ! acid f mak+ ! base t supports !m too ?91 & to /r5g!n ! base by giv+ ! depression ! =m ( a ,v1 & ! base itself ! =m ( an ,a4 ,! dep? mu/ be great en\gh 9 ! broad blanks to prev5t ! roll] f s9k+ 7al?\gh !re is no dang] ( ?is :5 ! l9es are close toge!r71 & ?us soil+ !m4 ,a useless dep? betwe5 v ?9 sides might weak5 !m2 b1 9 ! process employ$1 ! attack by ! acid cont9ues only 9 proportion to ! wid? ( ! spaces to be excavat$4 #aja ,^! results are obta9$ z foll[s3 ,! prep>$ plate be>+ ! design is ink$ ) a ?ick ink conta9+ a little wax1 & is plac$ 9 a tr\gh ) acidulat$ wat]1 :i* slightly attacks ! metal4 ,! tr\gh is m\nt$ s z to rock1 & is kept 9 motion by a lev] actuat$ by a /eam motor4 ,! wat] moves to & fro ov] ! entire surface1 & keeps cont9ually wa%+ ! p>ts t are n protect$ aga9/ its action4 ,no local saturation1 !re=e occurs1 & ! cont9u\sly r5ew$ liquid attacks ! bottom z well z ! sides ( ! holl[4 ,! sides w\ld soon be r5d]$ too ?9 7 ! bit+-9 too long cont9u$1 & = ?is reason ! fir/ attack is made ) great c>e4 ,x is ^u ?is t dep5ds ! %>pness ( ! pro(4 ,! acid us$ is nitric1 s dilute t x is sc>cely p]ceptible to ! ta/e1 & 9 ! proportion ( ab\t "o & a half ounces to a qu>t ( wat]4 ,! acidity is kept up by a small quantity ( acid ( #cf1 t falls drop by drop f a bottle provid$ ) a cock4 ,aft] ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 ! plate is tak5 out1 & ! op]ation repeat$ z g5]ally direct$4 ,rememb] ?is3 ,at e new bit+-9 ! acidity ( ! ba? is increas$1 &1 :5 ! broad p>ts alone rema9 expos$ to ! attack1 acid ( #f ,b4 may be us$4 ,9 ?is /ate1 ! z9c plate1 tak5 f ! ba? & wa%$ & dri$1 is treat$ ) b5z9e1 & !n ) pota%1 9 ord] to remove all fatty matt]4 ,x may !n be se5 t ! sides ( ! holl[s d n exhibit a regul> slop+ surface1 b a s]ies ( ridges correspond+ to ! s]ies ( bit+s-94 ,z ^! might take ! ink1 & affect ! purity ( ! lights & %ades1 x is necess>y to remove !m by an op]ation analog\s to ! fir/1 b c>ri$ on quickly 9 an opposite direction4 ,) ?is int5t1 ! plate1 well clean$ & heat$ ^u ! iron table1 is ink$ :ile hot1 ) a composition =m$ ( two p>ts pr9t+ ink & "o "p ea* ( res9 & beeswax4 ,?is ink1 :i* c be us$ hot only1 desc5ds along ! sides ( ! depressions1 & :5 x has got half way to ! bottom ! plate is cool$1 & ! ink+ is r5ew$ s z to well cov] ! entire surface4 ,x mu/ n be believ$ t 9 practice ^! op]ations c be conduct$ )\t extreme c>e4 ,a want ( att5tion1 unsuitable ink1 or a too high or l[ temp]ature1 may lead to ! loss or poor execution ( ! piece4 ,x is (t5 object$ t ! l9es 9 ?is /yle ( plates h n ! boldness ( ^? produc$ by ! grav]4 ,x is n = u to answ] ! "q :e!r ?is is a m]it or a defect2 arti/s g5]ally endeavor to employ pap] ) an irregul> & granul> surface1 & :i* is f> f giv+ su* boldness2 #ajb & he p]haps w\ld be poorly appreciat$ :o %\ld pres5t ^u glaz$ pap] a draw+ made ) ! p5 & resembl+ a picture made ) ! grav]4 ,x is ! arti/'s bus9ess to produce ! "w su* z he desires ! ,gilloteur to r5d] x4--,,gillot4 ,,multiplication ,,( ,,z9c ,,et*+s ,,by ,,galvanic ,,means ,,& ,,by ,,/]eotyp+4 ,multiplication ( pr9t+-blocks by galvanopla/ic1 or /]eotyp+1 is n s easy z 9 case ( woodcuts or type4 ,! ma9 difficulty lies 9 "s peculi>ities ( ! process ( et*+1 especially if ! plate has be5 produc$ by ! ,fr5* me?od4 ,! reproduction ( a =m is (t5 impossible1 s9ce ! matrix is caught on c]ta9 r\gh spots & !n te>s1 ?us r5d]+ galvanopla/ic reproductions imp]fect4 ,hav+ v frequ5t opportunity ( mak+ matrices f plates1 ,i call ! et*]'s att5tion to sev]al po9ts ^u :i* ! success ( ! "w dep5ds4 ,on no condition :atev] may any p>ts ( ! plate be corrod$ f b5ea?1 z wax or gutta-p]*a w inv>iably te> :5 lift+ (f ! impression 7m\ld74 ,9 ! second place1 ! bottom ( ! et*+ mu/ be p]fectly smoo?1 n r\gh2 ! s+le grades1 left by et*+1 mu/ be remov$1 & ! l9es mu/ incl9e p]fectly smoo? t[>d ! dep? ( ! et*+4 ,9 /]eotyp+1 ! process ( dry+ pres5ts special difficulties1 s9ce ) heat ! wood w>ps & di/orts ! plate2 ! cold process1 on ! o!r h&1 does n give equally %>p impressions4 ,= ?is purpose ,i h m\nt$ ! plates on lead in/ead ( on wood1 & am ?us enabl$ to get %>p impressions & to apply hot dry+4 ,in/ead ( pa/e1 ,i employ light magnesia2 in/ead ( oil+ ! plate be=e plan+ or roll+ x 91 ,i give x a high poli% ) /e>9e oil & r\ge by means ( a circul> bru%1 & bru% x once m ) talc4 ,?us ,i am sure ( success4 ,,prep>+ ,,z9c ,,plates ,,on ,,! ,,pr9t]',s ,,press4 ,a wood-cut gives ! outrunn]s ( ! f9e/ portions 9 a plane :i* runs d[nw>d2 an et*+1 on ! contr>y1 %[s ! :ole engrav+ 9 "o plane4 ,accord+ to ?is ! outrunn]s 7! bord]s7 (t5 pr9t some:at h>d1 unless c>e is tak5 to alleviate ?is fault4 ,?is w be easy to ! exp]i5c$ workman4 #ajc ,/>t+ f ! fact t a z9c plate is easily b5t1 place some?+ "u ! back ( ! heavy portions 9 m\nt+1 & :5 nail+ drive ! nails tight 9 ! :ite lights & on ! edges2 ?us ! bord]s are deep5$1 & pr9t s(t]4 ,9 ?is mann] an exp]i5c$ & practis$ h& c produce effects impossible 9 any o!r way4 ,= pr9t+ on rot>y ma*9es1 galvanos are us$ 9 _m places4 ,b a z9c plate may be excell5tly fa/5$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,clean ! back well & sold] ! back ) s(t sold]1 z is cu/om>y 9 galvanic back+4 ,!n atta* x lightly to its place on ! wood5 or metal block1 hamm] or roll 9 ! plate )\t pay+ special att5tion to ! z9c plate1 dry ! matrix1 & lift x f ! =m4 ,aft] prep>+ = ca/+ take ! z9c plate f ! wood5 block1 b5d x :ile hot1 put x back into its position 9 ! matrix1 cov] ! edges ) tissue pap] & pa/e1 dry ! edges ) an iron1 place into ! ca/+ app>atus & ca/ z usual4 ,9 ?is mann] ! z9c plate 7metal1 ca/ f a matrix7 is 9 place at exactly ! height ( ! type & w pr9t excell5tly4 7,! face is to be slightly oil$ be=e fa/5+ 9 ! matrix1 to prev5t any /ick+ ( ! lead47 ,z a cov] = ! pr9t+ cyl9d]1 ,i h always f\nd pap] mo/ s]viceable1 al?\gh cov]s ( ,engli% lea!r are also advantage\s1 especially = l>ge editions4 ,i %\ld n recomm5d felt4 ,! roll]s = pr9t+ z9c plates %\ld be held ) some:at /rong] t5sion ?an = pr9t+ ( wood-engrav+s4 ,z a me?od ( prep>+1 ,i recomm5d ! gradat+ ( ! lights & %ades1 kn[n to e intellig5t ma*9i/4 ,:]ev] possible1 highly cal5d]$ pap] %\ld be us$1 z x gives ! be/ results4 ,,et*+ ,,) ,,sulphate ,,( ,,copp] ,,solution4 ,nitric acid may be replac$ by sulphate ( copp]1 especially 9 ! fir/ p]iods ( et*+1 & et*+ c be obta9$ bo? 9 a galvanic way & by easy %ak+ ( ! tray4 ,! sulphuric acid ( ! copp] sulphate comb9es ) ! z9c & ! copp]1 & :5 lib]at$1 precipitates z an amorph\s1 muddy sub/ance4 ,al?\gh ?is process has almo/ entirely fall5 into disuse1 ! mo/ important po9ts are treat$ ( bel[4 ,! ba?4--,dissolve pure copp] sulphate 7( ! /r5g? ( #i ,beaum7 at a temp]ature ( #ae ,c4 ,et* galvanically 9 ?is ba? by plac+ 9 x a clean #ajd copp] di%4 ,! plate prep>$ = et*+ z p] page #hd1 is rubb$ bright at ! f\r corn]s & f\r ,s-%ap$ n>r[ /rips ( %eet copp] are s fa/5$ to ! bright z9c t ! ,s-%ap$ end rises ab\t ?ree millimetres ov] ! picture4 ,!n place ! plate face d[nw>d = ?ree m9utes into ! ba?1 above ! copp] plate1 :i* is electrically connect$ ) ! z9c by brass /rips1 s t in/antly a /rong galvanic curr5t is set up4 ,! et*+s are f\nd to be v satisfactory & int]e/+4 ,9 ?ree p]iods 7n9e m9utes7 a beautiful prelim9>y et*+ is obta9$ ) r p]p5dicul> faces4 ,i _c recomm5d et*+ by %ak+1 z ! s$im5t causes rupture ( ! f9e/ l9es4 ,,process ,,= ,,high ,,et*+ ,,9 ,,relief4 ,exp]i5c$ et*]s c also apply _! art to ! reproduction ( draw+s by means ( ! pr9t]'s press1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,a plate1 ready = et*+ & free f grease1 is clean$ ) weakly acidifi$ wat]1 ! rema9+ wat] drawn (f ) a blott]1 & ! plate g5tly heat$4 ,by means ( a pad a f9e pa/e ( graphite is rubb$ ^u ! surface2 x is !n mod]ately heat$ & a v ?9 gauze-l lay] ( w>m :ite wax is appli$ to ! graphite surface4 ,aft] cool+ ! plate1 spread ^u x a coat consi/+ ( ! f9e/ orange-color$ *rome yell[ 7rubb$ to a f9e d\gh ) wat] & gum74 ,9 ?is gr\nd lay] we c erase z = deep et*+4 ,bru% ! f9i%$ surface ) writ+ ink dissolv$ 9 b5z9e 7us+ a f9e wide bru%74 ,! plate %\ld be w>m4 ,take a pad made ( cotton1 dip x into wat] & "w ov] ! surface 9 small circles until ! image has become well develop$4 ,f ?is po9t we c cont9ue accord+ to ! usual me?od4 ,j4 ,o4 ,m,,r*4 ,,! ,,runn+ ,,( ,a ,,work%op4 ,! great competition dem&s ( e *emigraphical bus9ess a ready1 productive organization1 :i* is also att5tive to ! rules ( economy4 ,9 foll[+ out ! latt] x is advisable to aim at a division ( labor4 ,by giv+ to ! s+le workm5 m practice 9 ea* p>ticul> manipulation1 ! quality ( ! "w is also promot$4 ,to secure a lucrative trade1 we ne$ ! foll[+ help]s3 #a4 ,a =eman ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! :ole process4 #b4 ,a photographic assi/ant1 :o is skill$ especially 9 /raight l9e #aje reproduction1 & :o aids 9 ! copy+ ( negatives4 #c4 ,a c>p5t]1 at ! same "t poli%] ( ! z9c & f9i%] ( ! plates1 :o w also assi/ at o!r ?+s 9 g5]al4 #d4 ,a fir/ manipulator1 :o und]/&s black+ ( ! plates & ! exam9ation ( ! same ?r\gh\t ! :ole process4 #e4 ,a man to =m ! et*+ v>ni% on ! plates4 #f4 ,a man to scrape (f4 #g4 ,a man to et*4 #h4 ,"o to wa% plates & to make himself g5]ally useful4 ,) ! aid ( su* a /aff x is possible to produce #bjjj squ>e c5timetres ( et*+ daily1 & by ! addition ( a n9? assi/ant ! capacity c be rais$ to #cjjj squ>e c5timetres4 ,a fir/ manipulator c be tra9$ 9 ?ree mon?s1 a c>p5t] 9 ! same "t1 & ! o!rs 9 f\r to six weeks4 ,! head ( ! e/abli%m5t w1 ( c\rse1 be d\bly busy dur+ ^! fir/ mon?s4 ,^u 8 abilities dep5ds ! success ( ! :ole4 ,i ?9k x is inadvisable to introduce et*+ into all ! pr9t+ e/abli%m5ts1 z production on a small scale is f> m exp5sive & less satisfactory4 ,b x is advisable to add to ! *emigraphy a small li?ographical laboratory4--,j4 ,o4 ,,mor*4 ,,"s ,,wr9kles ,,& ,,dodges4 ,z ,i _h to /umble ?r\gh to success l _m o!rs1 ,i gladly give a few little items ( practice :i* may spe$ ! "w ( o!rs4 ,i l ?is = a s5sitiz+ solution3 ,bi*romate ( ,pota% 9 p[d] #a ounce4 ,wat] #ae ounces4 ,alcohol 7#iej7 #d ounces4 ,liquor ,ammonia #a ounce4 ,aft] ,i h s5sitiz$ ! gelat9e transf] pap] ,i increase ! surface quality by lay+ x ^u a glass plate :i* has be5 heat$ v slightly inde$ ) vasel9e4 ,i use a squeegee to secure close contact & !n /& x up to dry1 say ov] night4 ,a slight />t at "o corn] ) a knife po9t w cause ! pap] to leave ! glass readily4 ,x pays always to get ! be/ mat]ial4 ,no?+ is worse ?an a bad quality ( z9c4 ,i use ,no4 #aj4 ,a /rong1 well-made clo!swr+] w answ] = a "t1 = mak+ transf]s1 :5 a li?ographic press is n conv5i5t4 ,! pressure %\ld be uni=m4 ,le>n to be sy/ematic until y are famili> ) all ! details ( ! "w4 ,x might be well = y to make a numb]$ li/ ( ! necess>y op]ations #ajf & pa/e x up :]e y c see x & ref] to x h&ily4 ,accu/om y\rself to hav+ a place = ev]y?+ & ev]y?+ 9 its place4 ,i h se5 _m an et*+ lo/ by disreg>d ( ?is rule4--,c4 ,w4 ,,ro*e4 ,,c>bon ,,pr9t+4 ,9 ,*apt]s ,,iii4 & ,,iv4 on engrav+ on copp]1 ! resi/ & relief are made by :at is call$ 9 photographic nom5clature ! c>bon process--t is1 pr9t+ 9 gelat9e to :i* has be5 add$ a suitable pigm5t4 ,?is pigm5t$ gelat9e1 spread ^u pap] & dri$1 is kn[n 9 comm]ce z c>bon tissue1 & is sold ( v>i\s colors & degrees ( d5sity z reg>ds ! quantity ( pigm5t incorporat$ ) ! gelat9e4 ,= our purpose t tissue conta9+ ! m9imum quantity ( pigm5t is ! be/ 7?is only applies to ! resi/ or relief on ! copp]1 n to ! transp>5cy necess>y = pr9t+ ! resi/ f2 9 ?is case :at is kn[n z transp>5cy tissue mu/ be us$1 & t is made ) ! maximum quantity ( pigm5t 7,india ink7 incorporat$ ) ! gelat9e71 b z ! subject ( mak+ transp>5cies 9 c>bon has already be5 treat$ (1 ! pres5t notes w be conf9$ entirely to develop+ c>bon pr9ts ^u copp] = resi/s 7,*apt] ,,iii4 = reliefs ,*apt] ,,iv474 ,! c>bon tissue ( comm]ce is n sold 9 a s5sitive condition2 !re=e1 ! fir/ c>e w be to r5d] x s5sitive to ! action ( light1 :i* is done by imm]sion 9 a solution ( bi*romates ( pota% & ammonia4 ,fir/ ( all dissolve 9 eighty ounces ( wat] "o & a half ounces ( bi*romate ( ammonia1 & "o ounce ( bi*romate ( potassium1 & filt]4 ,!n cut ! c>bon tissue into suitable siz$ pieces--i4 e41 pieces a little l>g] ?an ! subject on ! transp>5cy or negative to be us$1 & a little small] ?an ! copp] plate ^u :i* x is int5d$ to develop ! c>bon pr9t2 next select a suffici5t numb] ( glass plates q free f scrat*es a little l>g] ?an ! pieces ( tissue1 n[ clean ^! glass plates c>efully by poli%+ ) clean l95 or silk clo? free f l9t1 !n du/ ov] ) ,fr5* *alk & aga9 well poli%2 !n coat ) ?9 pla9 collodion1 & :5 ! film is well set place ! collodioniz$ plate 9 clean cold wat] until ! greasy appe>ance t %[s on ! fir/ imm]sion 9 ! wat] has disappe>$4 ,place ! filt]$ bi*romate solution 9 a clean di%1 !n imm]se ! pieces ( tissue1 "o at a "t1 tak+ c>e t no air bells are all[$ to #ajg rema9 ^u ! surface2 if any =m1 remove !m by bur/+ !m ) ! f+]s4 ,aft] ! tissue has be5 9 ! solution = ?ree m9utes1 take "o ( ! collodioniz$ & wa%$ plates f ! wat] & remove "o ( ! pieces ( tissue f ! bi*romate ba?1 place ! two face to face1 l[]+ ! tissue g5tly d[n ^u ! collodion film1 !n place ! glass plate ^u a b5*1 lay a piece ( ,mac9to% clo? 7l>g] ?an ! plate7 ov] ! tissue1 & ) a squeegee g5tly scrape along ! ,mac9to%2 ?is w br+ ! c>bon tissue into contact ) ! collodion film1 & also expel sup]flu\s bi*romate solution1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 n to remove too mu* ( ! bi*romate else ! tissue w be ins5sitive & pr9t h>d4 ,! plate is n[ plac$ ^u a rack1 & all ! rema9+ pieces be+ done 9 ! same way are also plac$ ^u ! rack4 ,! tissue be+ ?us squeege$ into optical contact 7! squeegee is made ) a /rip ( s(t rubb] fix$ betwe5 two pieces ( wood7 ) ! collodioniz$ glass1 x mu/ be dri$ 9 ! d>k room 9 a curr5t ( w>m air1 n high] ?an #fj ,f41 else ! pigm5t$ gelat9e w melt & be useless 7bye ! bye1 ! bi*romate solution 9 hot wea!r %\ld be ic$ s z to keep ! temp]ature bel[ #ej ,f474 ,:5 ! tissue is dry x is /ripp$ f ! glass & /or$ 9 a t9 tube1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep x away f ! light1 z if ! tissue be once expos$ to ! light ev5 = a %ort "t1 ! action w g on 9 ! d>k4 ,9 treat+ ( ! transp>5cies1 x is m5tion$ t ! subject on ! transp>5cy or negative is m>k$1 ?is be+ necess>y to =m :at is call$ a safe edge to ! c>bon pr9t4 ,if su* a safe edge be n provid$1 ! c>bon pr9t w n adh]e to ! copp] dur+ developm5t2 !re=e1 ! extreme edges ( ! tissue mu/ be gu>d$ f ! light dur+ ! exposure 9 ! pr9t+ frame4 ,! exposure to light "u ! negative or transp>5cy mu/ be tim$ by means ( an act9omet]1 :i* may be improvis$ by divid+ a /rip ( trac+ pap] into t5 spaces1 & numb]+ ^! spaces s3 #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj ,write ! figures ) good black ink & !n cut o!r pieces ( :ite trac+ pap] into /rips ( ! same wid?4 #ajh ,n[ lay ! piece ( trac+ pap] ) ! numb]s on x1 ^u a piece ( glass #d-a_/d #c-a_/d in*es1 & fix x 9 ! c5tre1 !n place ?icknesses ( trac+ pap] ov] ?is s t space #b has ?ree ?icknesses ( trac+ pap]1 space #c five ?icknesses1 space #d sev5 ?icknesses1 space #e eight1 space #f n9e1 & s on up to #aj4 ,n[ if a piece ( ord9>y s5sitive album5 pap] is put into a frame beh9d ?is scre51 x w =m an act9omet]1 & :51 aft] exposure to light ! figure #e is j visible1 five t9ts are regi/]$4 ,?is act9omet] w ) practice enable ! op]ator to judge :5 ! c>bon tissue has be5 expos$ suffici5tly long2 ! only guide t c be giv51 is to err on ! side ( ov]exposure r ?an und]expose4 ,! c>bon tissue be+ expos$1 x is remov$ f ! frame1 & plac$ 9 clean cold wat]2 !n z soon z x beg9s to uncurl itself1 ! copp] plate is plac$ 9 ! wat]1 & ! two are br\ght into contact1 ! tissue adju/$ 9 position ^u ! copp]1 !n remov$ f ! wat]1 & a squeegee appli$ vigor\sly to ! back ( ! tissue1 apply+ ! squeegee fir/ "o way & !n ! o!r4 ,n[ all[ to /& a few m9utes1 !n imm]se x 9 wat] at a temp]ature ( #ij or #ie ,f41 & 9 a few m9utes ! pigm5t$ gelat9e w beg9 to ooze f "u ! pap] back+1 :i* may n[ be /ripp$ (f & ?r[n away4 ,! copp] plate may n[ be rais$ & g5tly lav$ ) ! hot wat]1 or x may be all[$ to rema9 until ! :ole ( ! soluble gelat9e is dissolv$ away1 leav+ ! picture ^u ! copp] plate1 :i* is r9s$ 9 cold wat] & dri$4 ,= ! purpose ( copp] plate "w1 ! image mu/ be ?or\ghly well expos$1 e detail be+ impress$1 else x w be impossible to get a good photogravure2 !re=e1 until ! op]ator ?or\ghly und]/&s ! use ( ! act9omet] x w be z well to make a few pr9ts ^u a piece ( opal glass4 ,c>bon tissue does n keep 9 a s5sitive condition m ?an a mon?1 "u ! mo/ favorable conditions1 ! g5]al "t p]haps be+ a week4 ,! fir/ sign ( det]ioration is g5]ally %[n :5 try+ to m\nt ^u ! copp]1 aft] soak+ 9 cold wat]1 ! tissue refus+ to adh]e aft] ! application ( ! squeegee4 ,! be/ way to te/ ! s5sitive tissue is to take a small piece & imm]se x 9 cold wat] = a m9ute1 !n put x into wat] at #ie1 &1 if ! coat+ dissolves (f ! pap] ! tissue is all "r2 if x does n1 x is useless4 ,tissue w g5]ally be f\nd at its be/ ab\t #aji ?ree days aft] s5sitiz+1 & w ga9 rapidly 9 s5sitiv5ess daily aft]w>d4 ,c>bon tissue c be made at home1 ! foll[+ be+ ! =mula3 ,gelat9e 7s(t7 #aj ounces4 ,sug> #d ounces4 ,wat] #cj ounces4 ,dissolve ! gelat9e at z l[ a temp]ature z possible1 !n add ! sug> & *urn ?or\ghly2 !n add sixty gra9s ( ,india-ink1 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 a little wat]1 aga9 *urn1 !n /ra9 ?r\gh musl9 into a di% 7:i* di% is plac$ 9 ano!r conta9+ hot wat]74 ,n[ take two %eets ( pap]1 grasp "o end tightly & drag !m rapidly ?r\gh ! tissue comp\nd1 & directly !y are lift$ cle> ( ! solution let an assi/ant grasp ! bottom & y dropp+ ! top1 w rev]se ! %eets & keep ! gelat9e on ! surface ( ! pap]2 :5 ! gelat9e has set1 divide ! two %eets & hang up to dry2 :5 dry ! subsequ5t proce$+s are ! same z = comm]cial tissue4 ,,colas',s ,,black ,,process4 ,?is process w (t5 be f\nd useful to reproduce a draw+ on yell[ trac+-pap]1 s z to give a m suitable copy to photograph f4 ,coat ) a f9e sponge a h>d1 well-siz$ pap]1 ) ,wat] #cjj p>ts4 ,gelat9e #aj p>ts4 ,p]*loride ( ,iron 7dry7 #bj p>ts4 ,t>t>ic ,acid #aj p>ts4 ,p]sulphate ( ,z9c #aj p>ts4 & dry 9 a d>k-room4 ,:5 dry1 expose "u ! trac+ until ! gre5i%-yell[ t9t ( ! pap] has disappe>$1 except :]e cov]$ by ! opaque l9es4 ,developm5t is effect$ 9 a ba? made by dissolv+ #bj p>ts ( gallic acid 9 #bjj p>ts ( alcohol & #ajjj p>ts ( wat]2 !n wa% 9 pl5ty ( clean wat]4 ,,mordants ,,= ,,et*+4 ,i4 ,,mordants ,,= ,,/eel4--,nitric acid =ms ! basis ( mo/ fluids = et*+ /eel z well z = o!r metals4 ,acetic acid & alcohol are sometimes add$1 & "s =mul conta9 nitrate ( silv]1 corrosive sublimate1 salts ( #aaj copp]1 etc4 ,iod9e is also a mo/ effici5t mordant = /eel1 & ,mr4 ,fox-,talbot us$ ! *lorides ( iron & plat9um = et*+ 8 plates ?r\gh ! coat+ ( bi*romat$ gelat9e4 ,pla9 ,acid ,mordant4--7,krug]47 ,fir/ bit+3 ,muriatic or ,nitric ,acid #a "p4 ,wat] #h p>ts4 ,/rong]3 ,acid #a "p4 ,wat] #d p>ts4 ,deepe/3 ,equal p>ts acid & wat]4 ,krug]4--,*romic acid1 dilut$ accord+ to ! effect to be produc$4 ,?is also s]ves = z9c1 copp]1 & brass1 & bites ) great ease & c]ta9ty1 mak+ a good v]tical cut4 ,ed4 ,turrell4 ,glacial ,acetic ,acid #d p>ts4 ,absolute ,alcohol #a "p4 ,nitric ,acid 7specific gravity1 #a4bh7 #a "p4 ,! acetic acid & alcohol are mix$ & all[$ to /& = half an h\r1 !n ! nitric acid is add$ v gradually4 ,?is mordant is appli$ f "o to fifte5 m9utes1 accord+ to ! /r5g? desir$1 & may be /r5g!n$ by add+ nitric acid4 ,et*+ ,solution ) ,alcohol4 ,alcohol seems to be add$ ) ! object ( s(t5+ ! action 9 ! fir/ bit+1 & ( mak+ ! mordant bite at once4 ,= et*+ ,niepce de ,/4 ,victor's asphaltum plates1 ,m4 ,lemaitre us$1 = ! fir/ bit+3 ,nitric acid1 at #cf #a "p4 ,di/ill$ ,wat] #h p>ts4 ,alcohol1 at #cf #b p>ts4 ,& f9i%$ (f ) nitric acid & wat]1 )\t alcohol4 ,et*+ ,solution ) ,nitrate ( ,silv]4 ,alcohol #f p>ts4 ,di/ill$ ,wat] #i p>ts4 ,pure ,nitric ,acid #af4f p>ts4 ,nitrate ( ,silv] #j4hc p>ts4 #aaa ,! liquid improves by keep+4 ,be=e beg9n+1 wa% ! plate = a few seconds ) dilute nitric acid 7at f\r p] c5t471 !n apply ! above mordant = ab\t ?ree m9utes1 & wa% (f ) di/ill$ wat] conta9+ six p] c5t4 ( alcohol4 ,repeat ! bit+ z (t5 z may be necess>y1 well wa%+ betwe5 ea* op]ation4 ,deles*amps4--,glyphog54 ,acetate ( ,silv] #h p>ts4 ,rectifi$ ,spirits #ejj p>ts4 ,di/ill$ ,wat] #ejj p>ts4 ,pure ,nitric ,acid #bfj p>ts4 ,nitric ,e!r #fd p>ts4 ,oxalic ,acid #d p>ts4 ,?is is recomm5d$ z be+ free f ! defects ( _m ( ! o!r mordants1 & z giv+ a clean v]tical bite4 ,sev]al =mul conta9 salts ( copp]4 ,roret4 ,nitric ,acid #fb p>ts4 ,di/ill$ ,wat] #abe p>ts4 ,alcohol #ahg p>ts4 ,nitrate ( ,copp] #h p>ts4 ,iod9e is recomm5d$ z a v effici5t mordant = /eel1 be+ free f ! inconv5i5ces caus$ by ! dis5gagem5t ( gas1 z :5 bit+ ) nitric acid4 ,messrs4 ,s*w>z & ,boehme give ! foll[+3 ,iod9e #b p>ts4 ,iodide ( ,potassium #e p>ts4 ,wat] #dj p>ts4 ,?is may be fur!r dilut$ up to #dj p>ts m wat]1 = et*+ ! f9e/ l9es4 ,x gives good deep l9es1 %>p1 & ) cle> edges ev51 = ! f9e/ & closely rul$ l9es h no t5d5cy to run "o into ! o!r4 ,! foll[+ resembles ! et*+ fluids = copp]1 commonly kn[n z 8,dut* mordant40 ,cooley4 ,hydro*loric ,acid #e p>ts4 ,wat] #ie p>ts4 ,mix & add3 ,*lorate ( ,pota% #a "p4 ,wat] #ej p>ts4 #aab ,cooley4--,= electric et*+ ) ! batt]y1 a solution ( common salt is us$4 ,,ii4 ,,mordants ,,= ,,copp]4--,! mo/ useful mordants = copp] are nitric & nitr\s acids1 m or less dilut$ ) wat]4 ,latt]ly1 h[ev]1 a mixture ( *lorate ( pota% & hydro*loric acid1 kn[n z ! 8,dut* mordant10 has come m into use4 ,= "s purposes1 p]*loride ( iron 9 solution is a useful mordant1 p>ticul>ly 9 photographic "w ) gelat9e films4 ,^! two latt] mordants bite m quietly ?an ! acids1 s t ! l9es are n s mu* enl>g$1 & !re is n ! same risk ( close l9es runn+ toge!r & o!r inconv5i5ces caus$ by ! evolution ( bubbles ( gas4 ,acid ,mordants4--7,lalanne47 ,nitric ,acid1 at #dj #a "p4 ,wat] #a "p4 ,) a little old et*+ solution add$1 or pieces ( scrap copp]4 ,mal>et4 ,nitric or ,sulphuric ,acid #a "p4 ,saturat$ ,solution ( ,bi*romate ( ,pota% #b p>ts4 ,wat] #e p>ts4 ,fizeau us$ = dagu]rotype et*+ a mordant compos$ ( nitric1 nitr\s1 & hydro*loric acids4 ,dut* ,mordant4 ,fum+ ,muriatic ,acid 7specific gravity1 #a4aij7 #aj p>ts4 ,wat] #gj p>ts4 ,to ?is add a boil+ solution ( ,*lorate ( ,pota% #b p>ts4 ,wat] #bj p>ts4 ,?is may be dilut$ ) f #ajj to #djj p>ts ( wat] z requir$4 ,p]*loride ( iron1 m or less dilut$ 9 wat]1 is1 accord+ to ,ham]ton1 an excell5t mordant4 ,x bites deep & cle>1 )\t enl>g+ ! l9e mu*1 & !re is no ebullition1 z ) nitric acid4 ,x is p>ticul>ly useful 9 photographic et*+ ?r\gh gelat9e1 z ! latt] is insoluble 9 x4 ,9 mo/ cases ! mordant is fl[$ ov] ! plate1 or kept mov+ on x 9 ! same way z a photographic develop]4 ,su* mordants are g5]ally us$ = f9i%+ (f & deep5+ ! light t9ts1 & are call$ eau =tis c\l] or pass]4 ,! foll[+ =mul are giv53 #aac ,roret4--7,abraham ,rosse's47 ,/rong ,:ite or ,di/ill$ ,v9eg> #c litres4 ,sal ,ammoniac #ahj grammes4 ,common ,salt #ahj grammes4 ,pure ,v]digris #abj grammes4 ,a little oxalic acid is sometimes add$4 ,! solids are gr\nd up1 & boil$ 9 ! v9eg>4 ,acetic acid at #c1 or pyroligne\s acid1 may be us$ 9 place ( v9eg>1 &1 if too /rong1 m v9eg> %\ld be add$4 ,! foll[+1 us$ by ,callot & ,piranesi1 is simil> & prep>$ 9 ! same way3 ,/rong ,v9eg> #h p>ts4 ,v]digris #d p>ts4 ,sal ,ammoniac #d p>ts4 ,salt #d p>ts4 ,alum #a "p4 ,wat] #af p>ts4 ,= relief et*+ use only #aj p>ts ( wat]4 ,relief ,et*+4 ,= et*+ copp] 9 relief1 ! foll[+ glyphog5 is recomm5d$ by ,deles*amps3 ,nitr\s ,acid1 at #cj #b ounces4 ,acetate ( ,silv] #f dra*ms4 ,hydrat$ ,nitric ,e!r #af ounces4 ,! nitric e!r is prep>$ by mix+ two ounces ea* ( nitric acid & alcohol1 &1 :5 ! reaction comm5ces1 /opp+ x by add+ eight ounces ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,t9t ,et*+4 ,fl\r ( sulphur mix$ ) oil =ms a good composition = et*+ t9ts4 ,x c be appli$ ) a bru%4 ,= a flat t9t1 ,ham]ton says 8,oil ! plate lib]ally ) olive oil1 & bl[ fl\r ( sulphur ^u ?is40 ,! sulphur1 if all[$ to rema9 on ! plate1 w produce a flat t9t1 m or less deep 9 proportion to ! "t x rema9s4 ,roret gives ! foll[+ =mula = t9t et*+3 ,bay ,salt #b p>ts4 ,sal ,ammoniac #a p>ts4 ,v]digris #a "p4 ,^! are p\nd$ toge!r1 & ! mixture kept 9 a bottle4 #aad ,:5 requir$ = use1 gr9d up a little 9 a glass ) "s syrup ( old honey1 s z to make a mixture :i* fl[s readily4 ,x may be us$ ) a bru% l a color4 ,x is us$ aft] ! bit+s ( aquat9t plates ) acid1 to give f9i% & v>y ! t9ts4 ,field+ 7= aquat9t74 ,nitr\s ,acid #a "p4 ,wat] #e p>ts4 ,= ! /ronge/ t\*es1 nitr\s acid & wat]1 equal p>ts1 appli$ ) a fea!r or bru%4 ,no4 #ai may also be us$ = ?is purpose1 ei!r ) or )\t a little gum4 ,hamman4--,dilute nitric acid at #ab 7sp4 gr4 #a4ji71 mix$ )3 ,di/ill$ ,wat] #ab p>ts4 ,alcohol #c p>ts4 ,?is is said to give a gra9 9 bit+1 s t ! ord9>y gra9$ gr\nd may be disp5s$ )4 ,electric ,et*+4 ,x has frequ5tly be5 propos$ to et* by means ( electricity1 & 9 "s cases x may be an advantage to d s4 ,! copp] plate to be engrav$ is atta*$ to ! positive pole ( a suitable batt]y & plac$ z anode 9 a solution ( sulphate ( copp]1 or 9 wat] acidulat$ ) sulphuric acid4 ,9 suitable cases1 diff]5t degrees ( dep? may be giv51 putt+ p>ts ( ! anode & ca?ode ne>] toge!r or fur!r ap>t4 ,grove et*$ dagu]rotype plates ) a s+le pair ( ,grove or ,buns5 cells1 by ins]t+ ! plate to be et*$1 & a plat9um plate ( ! same size1 9 a wood5 frame hav+ two grooves a qu>t] ( an in* ap>t4 ,! dagu]rotype hav+ be5 atta*$ to ! batt]y z anode1 & ! plat9um plates z ca?ode1 ! frame is imm]s$ 9 a suitable vessel fill$ ) ,hydro*loric ,acid #b p>ts4 ,di/ill$ ,wat] #a "p4 ,contact is made = ab\t half a m9ute1 aft] :i* ! plate is remov$ f ! acid1 wa%$ ?or\ghly ) di/ill$ wat]1 !n plac$ 9 a solution ( hyposulphite ( soda or ammonia1 & ! deposit remov$ f ! surface #aae ) g5tle rubb+ ) cotton4 ,x is aga9 r9s$ ) di/ill$ wat] & dri$4 ,,mordants ,,= ,,z9c4 ,! comp>ative *eapness ( z9c w\ld give x an advantage ov] copp] or /eel = engrav+ or et*+ ) ! grav] or po9t1 b x does n seem to be recomm5d$ = ^! purposes4 ,x is h>d to cut ) ! grav]1 &1 ?\gh x bites easily1 x is n suitable = f9e "w4 ,ano!r defect is t x w n /& a long impression2 b ?is may be ov]come by surfac+ ! plate ) copp]4 ,! pr9cipal uses ( ?is metal = pr9t+ purposes are = surface pr9t+ or z9cography 9 ! same mann] z li?ography1 & = ! process ( bit+ 9 relief1 & z9co-typography or ,gillotage1 n[ s l>gely employ$ z a sub/itute = wood blocks4 ,x c also be engrav$ v delicately 9 ! same /yle z engrav+ is done on /one1 ?r\gh a coat+ ( gum4 ,! et*+ fluids = z9c are ( two entirely diff]5t k9ds3 fir/1 mixtures ( gum & weak acids us$ = prep>+ plates = z9cographic pr9t+ 9 ! li?ographic press1 or = prelim9>y ink+ prep>atory to be+ bitt5 9 relief by ! ,gillotage process2 & secondly1 m9]al acid1 m or less dilute1 us$ = bit+ 9 relief & ord9>y et*+4 ,z9cographic ,et*+4 ,?is k9d ( et*+ is m ( a prep>ation ( ! plate = pr9t+ ?an engrav+ or bit+1 ! object be+ m]ely to fill up ! pores ( ! metal ) gum1 & prev5t x receiv+ pr9t]s' ink f ! roll] else:]e ?an on ! l9es ( ! draw+4 ,! solution mo/ commonly employ$ = ?is purpose is a mixture ( gum & decoction ( nut-galls1 9 use at ! ,ordnance ,survey ,(fice1 ,s\?ampton1 & giv5 by ,sir ,h5ry ,james 9 8 "w on ,photo-z9cography4 ,x is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,f\r ounces ( ,aleppo galls are bruis$ & /eep$ 9 ?ree qu>ts ( cold wat] = tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 ! wat] & galls are !n boil$ up toge!r1 & ! decoction /ra9$4 ,! gum-wat] %\ld be ab\t ! consi/5cy ( cream4 ,"o qu>t ( ! decoction ( galls is add$ to ?ree qu>ts ( ! gum-wat] & to ! mixture are add$ ab\t ?ree ounces ( phosphoric acid1 :i* is prep>$ by plac+ /icks ( phosphorus 9 a loosely cork$ bottle ( wat]1 s t ! ends ( ! /icks may be uncov]$4 ,! oxidation ( ! phosphorus produces phosphoric acid1 :i* dissolves z fa/ z x is =m$4 #aaf ,! et*+ solution %\ld only j m>k a piece ( pla9 z9c4 ,9 ,ri*mond's ,gramm> ( ,li?ography ! foll[+ modifications ( ?is =mula are giv53 ,decoction ( ,nutgalls #c_/d p9t4 ,gum ,wat] z ?ick z ,cream #a_/d p9t4 ,phosphoric ,acid ,solution #c dra*ms4 ,boil "o & a qu>t] ounces ( bruis$ nutgalls 9 "o & a qu>t] p\nds ( wat] till r$uc$ to "o-?ird1 /ra91 & add two dra*ms ( nitric acid & f\r drops ( acetic acid4 ,ri*mond recomm5ds1 h[ev]1 ! use ( a simple decoction ( galls )\t acid1 & gumm+ 9 aft] et*+4 ,scamoni has ! foll[+1 by ,g>ni]3 ,boil ab\t "o & a half ounces ( bruis$ gall-nuts 9 a p9t ( wat] till r$uc$ to "o-?ird1 filt]1 & add two drops ( nitric acid1 & ?ree or f\r drops ( muriatic acid4 ,= v f9e "w ?is may be weak5$ ) wat]4 ,x is appli$ = ab\t a m9ute1 !n wa%$ (f1 & ! plate gumm$4 ,z9co-typographic ,et*+4 ,9 bit+ z9c plates 9 relief1 ! acid g5]ally us$ is nitric ( diff]5t degrees ( /r5g?1 accord+ to ! nature & /ate ( ! "w4 ,aft] ! transf] is made1 ! plate is et*$ ) "o ( ! =ego+ prep>ations1 !n ink$ 9 & du/$ ) f9ely p[d]$ res91 :i* adh]es only to ! l9es4 ,?is proc$ure is foll[$ aft] e bit+1 ! plate be+ w>m$ to melt ! res9 & inky coat+1 s t x may run d[n betwe5 ! l9es & protect !m f ! und]cutt+ action ( ! acid4 ,krug]1 9 8 ,die ,z9kogravure1 recomm5ds = ! fir/ relief et*+1 nitric acid #cj to #dj drops to #ajj grammes ( wat]1 appli$ = five m9utes4 ,= ea* subsequ5t et*+1 #h to #aj drops ( acid are add$ = ea* #ajj grammes ( wat]1 & ! "t is increas$1 f five to fifte5 m9utes4 ,= ! f9al et*+ ( ! broad lights he uses3 ,muriatic ,acid #d p>ts4 ,nitric acid #a "p4 ,wat] #af p>ts4 ,to s(t5 d[n ! ridges betwe5 ! l9es ! plate is ink$ & du/$ z be=e1 & et*$ ) dilute nitric acid at five p] c5t41 appli$ = a #aag m9ute1 & ! ink+1 du/+1 & et*+ repeat$ z (t5 z may be necess>y4 ,,! ,,diff]5ce4 ,f9ally1 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 only ! novice w require an explanation ( ! v>i$ productions possible by means ( ! processes already giv54 ,z actual examples1 ref]5ce may be _h to ! illu/rations 9 ?is "w4 ,figures #a1 #b1 & #c are specim5s ( l9e "w1 z9c et*+s made f p5 & ink draw+s4 ,! figures 9 ! foll[+ *apt] 7 made 9 ! same way4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,figures #d1 #e1 #f1 & #g1 z well z "s o!rs1 are z9c et*+s reproduc$ f ,mr4 ,mr*'s "w4 ,) !m m ef=t has be5 made to secure half-tone by a v>iety & quantity1 or fill+1 9 ( l9es4 ,! example bel[ 0 made by us+ ! objects 7f]ns7 !mselves z ! negative1 )\t any int]position f photography1 & %[s "o ( ! possible applications ( z9c et*+4 ,x is delicate "w & is v beautiful :5 c>efully done4 ,an example ( true half-tone1 obta9$ 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ,"p ,,ii41 is ! "o :i* foll[s4 ,x 0 made by ,mr4 ,f4 ,e4 ,ives1 ! e>lie/ inv5tor ( a half-tone process1 sev]al ye>s ago4 ,! l>g] examples ( half-tone "w :i* appe> 9 ?is book are made aft] ! mo/ mod]n fa%ion & =mul1 z describ$ 9 ,"p ,,ii41 & w s]ve well to %[ :at ! work] 9 ?is fasc9at+ process may expect to rea* aft] pati5t & p]si/5t exp]im5t4 ,:5 we look ^u ,fig4 #a & see ! v be/ t z9c #aah et*+ c\ld d a few ye>s ago1 & comp>e x ) ! ,mos/ype & o!r half-tone pictures n[ possible1 we may well wond] at ! gr[? ( ! art4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,x has be5 atta9$ by ! c>eful & p]si/5t plodd+ ( a few4 ,_m a me?od has be5 disc>d$ = a newcom]1 & !re is no tell+ :at may come next4 ,photography has ab\t revolutioniz$ ! illu/ration ( books & magaz9es1 & has made ! newspap] f> m attractive ?an x 0 a few ye>s ago4 ,x has made ! faces ( almo/ e r5[n$ individual famili> 9 e l& & 9 e h\sehold1 & ! attractions ( e kn[n c\ntry h be5 s pictur$ by x t e intellig5t *ild is famili> ) !m4 ,x has be5 said t process-engrav+ has supplant$ wood-engrav+4 ,?is is n s4 ,h[ _m newspap]s 7 illu/rat$ be=e process-engrav+ 0 made available8 ,h[ _m works ( ! old ma/]s & gems ( ! old museums abroad 7 made famili> to ! lov]s ( pictures ev]y:]e1 by wood-engrav+8 ,in/ead ( com+ into ! arts to take ! place ( ano!r1 photo-engrav+ has made a place = itself & a m>ket = itself4 ,moreov]1 x is ref9+ & educat+ ! masses by creat+ a love = art1 :]e be=e its adv5t1 !re 0 v little feel+ = ! beautiful4 ,its accompli%m5ts h be5 m>vell\s1 & yet !y h h>dly begun4 ,! good photography has done 9 br++ ! wood-engrav] up to 8 duty 9 foll[+ ! arti/ 9 e l9e & light & %ade1 x w augm5t by tea*+ him h[ to secure ! lovelie/ effects ( nature4 ,x w make way = m wood-engrav+ z well z = m process-pictures if y *oose to call !m su*4 #aai ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,photo-,,engrav+ ,,on ,,copp]4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,subjects ,,9 ,,l9e4 ,9 pr9t+ f copp] plates1 ! ink1 in/ead ( be+ spread on ! surface ( ! plate by means ( a flexible roll] z 9 ord9>y type pr9t+1 is sme>$ ov] ! previ\sly w>m$ plate & !reby =c$ into ! deep p>ts ( ! plate4 ,!n1 aft] ! surface is poli%$1 ! pap] picks out ! ink f ^! cavities & s =ms ! picture4 ,!re=e1 in/ead ( us+ a negative = produc+ ! resi/1 a transp>5cy is requir$2 & = ! production ( subjects 9 l9e1 ! transp>5cy mu/ fulfil all ! conditions laid d[n z requir$ 9 a negative = ! production ( pr9ts = z9c et*+ & = photo-li?o4 transf]s1 & mu/ be f a subject 9 l9e or 9 /ipple4 ,! negative is made ! exact size requir$1 by ! wet collodion process 7! l5s be+ us$ )\t ! rev]s+ mirror74 ,?is negative is int5sifi$ by imm]sion 9 ! bi*loride ( m]cury solution1 & aft] well wa%+ is black5$ by ! application ( ammonia1 z direct$ 9 ,"p ,i4 ( ?is book1 "u ! head ( photographic manipulation4 ,! negative mu/ be v>ni%$1 & ! m>g9 outside ! actual subject requir$ to be %[n 9 ! copp] plate1 mu/ be mask$ by means ( /rips ( t9-foil cut p]fectly /raight & laid 9 position squ>ely & symmetrically4 ,! object is to make ?is m>g9 appe> 9 ! transp>5cy z p]fectly cle> glass4 ,! mask$ negative is next plac$ 9 ! c>ri] ( ! d>k slide1 film up2 !n a c\ple ( ?icknesses ( blott+ pap] ab\t ! eigh? ( an in* squ>e are laid on ! extreme corn]s ( ! negative4 ,^u ^! pieces ( blott+ pap] a s5sitive wet collodion plate is plac$ face d[n4 ,! little squ>es ( blott+ pap] s]ve to prev5t ! s5sitive plate f t\*+ ! negative4 #abj ,! cam]a1 ) ! l5s out ( focus1 %\ld be po9t$ to a l>ge %eet ( :ite pap]2 ins]t ! d>k slide1 draw ! %utt]1 uncap ! l5s1 & ! light reflect$ f ! :ite %eet ?r\gh ! l5s1 ?r\gh ! negative ^u ! s5sitive plate1 w result1 aft] developm5t1 9 a transp>5t positive ( ! negative4 ,! "t ( exposure w1 ( c\rse1 v>y & c only be f\nd by exp]im5t4 ,! op]ations ( developm5t1 etc41 are c>ri$ on z = a negative4 ,?is me?od ( mak+ transp>5cies 9 ! cam]a yields ! be/ possible results1 z ! rays ( light are project$ by ! l5s p]fectly p>allel1 & ! result+ picture is f> crisp] ?an x is possible to obta9 by expos+ 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,if ! negative to be reproduc$ is already made1 & is l>g] ?an requir$1 mask ! m>g9 by means ( ! t9-foil1 place x 9 ! hold] ( an enl>g+ cam]a1 film t[>ds ! l5s if ! negative 0 made )\t a mirror2 b if ! mirror 0 us$ & ! negative is a rev]s$ "o1 ! film mu/ be plac$ away f ! l5s4 ,! cam]a is n[ adju/$ s z to get ! image ! size requir$1 !n a s5sitive wet collodion plate is us$ to receive t image & produce ! transp>5cy4 ,! transp>5cy = pr9t+ ^u a copp] plate mu/1 :5 laid ^u a piece ( :ite pap]1 all[ e detail1 h[ev] m9ute1 to be p]fectly di/9ct by reflect$ light4 ,if ?is is n s x w be impossible to get a good engrav+ on ! copp] plate4 ,! transp>5cy be+ secur$1 a plate ( highly poli%$ copp] is clean$ ) a little f9e :it+ & alcohol1 !n flood$ ) wat]4 ,take c>e t all grease has be5 remov$ 7:i* w be detect$ by ! wat] runn+ 9 /reaks72 next wipe ! plate c>efully ) a clean1 s(t clo?1 & place x 9 ! jaws ( ! :irl] m5tion$ 9 ! *apt] on ! app>atus = z9c pr9t+4 ,9 ! d>k-room coat ! copp] plate ) prep>$ bitum5 7see *apt] on engrav+ on z9c 9 half-tone71 & set ! :irl] 9 motion4 ,:5 ! film ( bitum5 is dry1 place x 9 contact ) ! transp>5cy 9 a pr9t+ frame1 & expose x to ! light 7sunlight1 if possible74 ,! "t ( exposure w dep5d v greatly ^u ! "t ( ye> & day1 b1 9 direct sunlight1 t5 to fifte5 m9utes w be ab\t ! "t4 ,aft] exposure1 ! copp] plate is remov$ f ! frame1 & plac$ 9 a di% conta9+ turp5t9e4 ,keep x rock+ until ! image is develop$ by ! unalt]$ bitum5 be+ wa%$ away1 !n remove ! plate f ! di%1 #aba & wa% x well "u ! tap4 ,:5 q dry1 coat ! back & edges ( ! copp] ) ord9>y black v>ni% laid on ) a camel's-hair bru%1 s z to prev5t ! mordant to be us$ f attack+ ! back4 ,alt]ations & additions may n[ be made by means ( transf] ink ?9n$ ) turp5t9e1 appli$ by a sable bru%1 or by means ( an et*+ ne$le or scrap]1 rememb]+ t ! et*+ ne$le or scrap] w make a black l9e & ! transf] ink w cause a :ite m>k1 or exactly ! rev]se ( a type block4 ,! plate is n[ ready = et*+ 9 a ,saturat$ solution ( ,p]*loride ( ,iron #b ounces4 ,wat] #aj ounces4 ,use a porcela9 di% = ! solution4 ,imm]se ! plate1 & keep x rock+ = ab\t t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 !n remove x1 & wa% x "u ! tap1 rubb+ x g5tly ) cotton-wool4 ,aft] dry+ x1 w>m x slightly1 !n roll up ) a glaz$ lea!r roll]1 or a smoo? ,india-rubb] roll] *>g$ ) ! h>d ink us$ dur+ ! cle>+-up ( ! z9c block1 viz43 ,beeswax #a_/b ounce4 ,res9 #a ounce4 ,%oemak]'s ,wax #a ounce4 ,li?o-pr9t+ ,ink1 black #b ounces4 ,melt toge!r4 ,:5 cool1 mix ) turp5t9e to ! consi/5cy ( s(t soap4 ,! roll] is *>g$ ) ?is ink1 & ! plate w>m$ & roll$ up1 s z to close up ! high lights & half tones1 leav+ only ! deepe/ portions b>e4 ,imm]se 9 ! et*+ fluid aga9 = ab\t ?ree m9utes1 rock+ dur+ ! imm]sion1 & f9ally wa% ! plate4 ,next remove ! resi/ ( bitum51 by means ( turp5t9e1 & take pro(s 9 ! press4 ,if deep] et*+ is requir$1 proce$ z be=e4 ,! foll[+ is equally satisfactory1 & a little quick]3 ,fum+ ,muriatic ,acid 7sp4 gr4 #a4aij7 #aj p>ts4 ,wat] #gj p>ts4 ,to ?is is add$ a boil+ solution ( ,*lorate ( ,pota% #b p>ts4 ,wat] #bj p>ts4 ,?is is dilut$ = use by add+ #a "p to f #ajj to #djj p>ts ( wat]4 ,! "t ( imm]sion 9 ei!r ( ^! mordants is rul$ by ! temp]ature ( ! room & ( ! liquids us$4 ,"o or two c>eful trials w soon give ! desir$ in=mation4 #abb ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,half-,,tone ,,intaglios4 ,we n[ come to q a diff]5t class ( "w1 namely1 ! production ( half-tone intaglio plates4 ,!y may be produc$ 9 _m ways1 ea* way giv+ results q unlike ! o!rs4 ,! fir/ process is bas$ on ! half-tone me?od giv5 = typographic blocks1 modifi$ to suit intaglio4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 fact ) ,,all me?ods1 we mu/ fir/ ( all produce a satisfactory transp>5cy4 ,t is be/ done by reproduc+ 9 an enl>g+ cam]a4 ,place ! negative1 ) ! subject mask$ ) t9-foil1 9 ! w9d[1 !n focus ^u ! gr\nd-glass scre5 ( ! cam]a ! requisite size2 !n prep>e a wet collodion plate1 &1 hav+ fix$ a gra9$ scre599 9 front ( ! c>ri]1 put ! plate 9 its place1 !n expose to ! light & develop z direct$ = wet collodion pictures2 ! result1 h[ev]1 w be a positive & n a negative1 & in/ead ( ! gra9 be+ int]sp]s$ ?r\gh ! high lights1 ! %ad[s w be gra9$4 99 ,! gra9$ scre5 is a copy f a pro( f a f9e rul$ copp] plate4 ,see ,*apt] on 8,half-tone ,blocks on ,z9c40 ,! transp>5cy mu/ be made 9 ?is mann]--i4 e41 f an ord9>y negative ) a scre5 9 front ( ! s5sitive plate1 s t ! %ad[s & half tones are gra9$ or brok5 up4 ,?is w\ld n be ! case if ! transp>5cy 0 made f a negative gra9$ = ! production ( a type block1 z 9 su* a negative ! blacks are repres5t$ solid & ! lights & half-tones gra9$ %\ld be made on l>ge siz$ plates4 ,! transp>5cy made mu/ fulfil all ! conditions necess>y = ! production ( type blocks--i4 e41 ! film mu/ be p]fectly free f veil or fog2 x may be v>ni%$ or n4 ,! m>k put ^u ! negative f :i* ! transp>5cy is made1 w cause ! edges ( ! transp>5cy to be q cle>4 ,coat a clean piece ( poli%$ copp] ) ! bitum5 solution1 us+ ! :irl] z be=e2 !n #abc place ! transp>5cy 9 ! pr9t+ frame1 film up1 & place ! bitum5 coat$ copp] plate 9 position1 s t ! image is q 9 ! c5tre ( ! plate3 fa/5 ! pr9t+ frame & expose to ! light4 ,! exposure w1 ( c\rse1 v>y accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! light1 & %\ld always1 if possible1 be made ei!r 9 direct sunlight or by electric arc light4 ,! developm5t is effect$ by imm]sion 9 turp5t9e1 & ) ! wa%+ & dry+1 has already be5 describ$4 ,! image on ! copp] plate be+ satisfactory1 x may be ret\*$1 if necess>y1 !n imm]s$ 9 ei!r ( ! et*+ fluids describ$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,rebit+1 if necess>y1 may be done aft] roll+ up ) ! resi/ ink !re giv51 b c>e mu/ be tak5 9 ?is rebit+ to gu>d aga9/ int]f]+ ) ! gra9 ( ! plate4 #abd ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,half-,,tone ,,intaglios--7,cont9u$74 ,! next process "u consid]ation is t 9 :i* ! gra9 is giv5 to ! copp] plate by du/+ x ) f9e p[d] ( res9 7colophony7 or ( asphalt4 ,to d ?is a du/+ box is requir$1 :i* may be an ord9>y aqua-t9t box hung on c5tres = ! purpose ( revolv+ x :5 desir$ to cov] l>ge plates ) ! p[d]4 ,! foll[+ figure w illu/rate a box suitable = small "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,! box %\ld be eighte5 in*es high1 twelve in*es wide1 & eight in*es deep2 x may be made ( c>dbo>d ) ! inside q smoo?4 ,x %\ld be clos$ all ar\nd except at ,a1 :]e !re is a small door f\r in*es high2 ! bottom ( ! box is ei!r /udd$ ) small nails or "s co>se wire nett+ is /ret*$ across1 ^u :i* ! copp] plates c re/1 z ne> level z possible4 ,to use ?is box1 f\r ounces ( res9 or asphalt are p[d]$ 9 a mort> until q f9e4 ,! p[d] is plac$ inside ! box1 & ! door clos$2 ! box is n[ vigor\sly %ak51 !n plac$ on ! table1 ! door op5$1 & a copp] plate 7previ\sly clean$ & poli%$7 is at once plac$ face up on ! nails or wire nett+4 ,by ! "t ! door is op5$ & ! copp] plate or plates are 9 position1 ! co>s] p>ticles ( ! res9 w h subsid$1 leav+ only ! f9e du/ float+ 9 ! int]ior ( ! box2 n[ close ! door1 & leave ! copp] plate )9 until x is judg$ t x is p[d]$ suffici5tly1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 w be a matt] = ! op]ator to f9d out by practice4 ,:5 ! plate has be5 suffici5tly p[d]$1 x is c>efully )drawn & plac$ ^u a hot iron plate & all[$ to rema9 !re until ! res9\s #abe p[d] is j suffici5tly melt$ to adh]e to ! copp] plate1 pres]v+ z mu* z possible ! sep>ate exi/5ce ( ea* atom ( du/4 ,take c>e to /op ! action ( ! heat be=e ! res9 is melt$ completely & made to run toge!r & =m a smoo? surface4 ,! heat hav+ act$ long en\gh1 c>efully )draw ! prep>$ copp] f ! hot plate & all[ x to cool4 ,any desir$ quantity ( ^! plates may be prep>$ & /or$ away = future use4 ,:5 !y are requir$ ! gra9 may be select$ to suit ea* picture1 z ! op]ator c prep>e at w 7aft] practice7 ei!r a co>se or a f9e gra9$ gr\nd4 ,in/ead ( us+ a hot plate ! res9 may be melt$ ov] a gas flame1 b ! hot plate w be f\nd ! be/4 ,!re is ano!r me?od ( lay+ ?is aquat9t gr\nd t is simple & novel1 viz41 by us+ ! air bru%4 ,^? :o are 9 possession ( ?is in/rum5t ne$ no fur!r in/ructions ?an to be rem9d$ t ord9>y bitum5 dissolv$ 9 b5zole1 or a res9\s-_s v>ni%1 is plac$ 9 ! color res]voir1 & !n ! bru% w coat ! clean copp] plate ) an aquat9t z f9e or z co>se z requir$1 accord+ to ! di/ance betwe5 ! plate & ! 8bru%40 ,ano!r advantage ) ?is me?od ( lay+ ! gr\nd is1 ! gr\nd ne$ n be ev51 z 9 ! du/+ me?od1 b ! arti/ may lay ! gr\nd co>se 9 "s places & f9e 9 o!rs1 v]b sap4 ,! next /ep 9 ?is process w be to get a transp>5cy ( ! subject4 ,?is may be made by any kn[n process 7at la/1 "s "o says we are gett+ away f ! wet collodion7 s long z x is clean1 vigor\s1 & free f fog4 ,! transp>5cy be+ at h&1 t portion ( x requir$ to be transf]r$ to ! copp] plate is c>efully surr\nd$ by a mask ( t9foil1 or ( non-act9ic pap]1 :i* w s]ve z a safe edge to ! c>bon tissue to be us$ 9 mak+ ! negative resi/1 z well z to keep ! m>g9 ( ! plate free f extrane\s picture4 ,?is done1 a piece ( s5sitive c>bon tissue1 a little small] ?an ! copp] plate1 :i* has be5 previ\sly s5sitiz$ ) bi*romate ( pota% & dri$1 is plac$ ^u ! mask$ transp>5cy & expos$ to light until suffici5tly pr9t$2 ! tissue is !n remov$ f ! pr9t+ frame & plac$ 9 a di% ( clean cold wat]2 !n "o ( ! copp] plates ) aquat9t$ gr\nd is also plac$ 9 ! wat]1 & ! face ( ! tissue & ! copp] plate are br\ght 9 contact4 ,aft] adju/+ ! tissue on ! copp] #abf plate1 ! two are )drawn f ! wat]1 laid ^u a b5*1 & a squeegee pass$ ov] ! back ( ! tissue4 ,?us ! driv+ away ( ! wat] f betwe5 ! two surfaces w cause ! tissue to adh]e to ! copp] plate4 ,n[ let ! plate /& a few m9utes1 !n imm]se x 9 a di% ( w>m wat] at ab\t #ij ,f4 ,z soon z ! tissue comp\nd is melt$1 lift away ! pap] back+ & ?r[ x aside1 !n g5tly lave ! copp] plate ) ! w>m wat] until all ! soluble pigm5t$ gelat9e is dissolv$2 aft] t wa% x "u ! tap1 & place x 9 a /rong solution ( alum = fifte5 m9utes1 & aga9 wa% & all[ to dry4 ,:5 ! gelat9e image on ! copp] plate is q dry1 ! m>g9 outside ! picture is coat$ ) bitum5 or _s v>ni%1 !n ! plate is plac$ 9 ! et*+ ba? ( p]*loride ( iron 7see page #aba71 9 :i* x is all[$ to rema9 until ! high lights "u ! ?icke/ portions ( ! gelat9e image j *ange color2 !n remove x & wa% x "u ! tap2 next clean (f ! resi/ image1 & aft] dry+ & clean+ up1 try a pro(4 ,if necess>y1 ink up z direct$ 9 ,*apt] ,i41 page #aba1 & rebite4 ,to succe$ ) ?is process x is only requisite to h a well-laid gr\nd1 a good1 vigor\s transp>5cy1 & ! c>bon tissue 9 good work+ ord]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n4 ,b4--,9 ord] n to confuse ! above directions by int]polat+ ! work+ details ( c>bon pr9t+1 ^! w be giv5 9 a *apt] fur!r on1 toge!r ) =mul = mak+ suitable tissue4 #abg ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,half-,,tone ,,intaglios4 ,,electrotyp+ ,,me?ods4 ,! prec$+ me?ods ( obta9+ intaglio plates h be5 by ! et*+ process4 ,we n[ try ano!r me?od :]eby ! pr9t+ plate is obta9$ by deposit+ a film ( copp] ^u ! photograph1 & f ?is copp] electrotype ! pr9ts are to be made4 ,!re are _m ways ( proce$+ to make ^! copp] intaglios1 ! gra9 be+ obta9$ 9 _m ways1 b ! f\ndation is ! same 9 all1 & consi/s ( incorporat+ bi*romat$ gelat9e ) grit ( su* a nature z to cause ! image to be r\gh in/ead ( smoo?1 or else ! r\ghness is giv5 to an ord9>y or modifi$ s-call$ c>bon image develop$ ^u a silv]$ copp] plate4 ,! silv]$ copp] plates ^u :i* ! gelat9e images are to be develop$ are prep>$ by dipp+ clean poli%$ plates 9 a solution ( cyanide ( silv]1 made by add+ cyanide ( potassium solution to a solution ( nitrate ( silv] until !re is a slight p]man5t precipitate4 ,! copp] plate rema9s 9 ?is = ?ree or f\r m9utes2 x is !n remov$1 wa%$ "u ! tap1 & dri$4 ,! gelat9e tissue comp\nd is _h by fir/ ( all mak+ a jelly ( ,gelat9e 7s(t7 #h ounces4 ,sug> #e ounces4 ,wat] #be ounces4 ,soak ! gelat9e until s(t1 !n melt x at z l[ a temp]ature z possible1 add ! sug> & *urn all = fifte5 m9utes2 !n add to "o-half ( ! jelly "o ounce ( f9ely p[d]$ graphite1 & to ! o!r half "o ounce ( a co>s] p[d]$ graphite4 ,*urn ^! well toge!r4 ,pap] is coat$ ) ! above mixtures1 float+ x fir/ ^u t conta9+ ! co>s] graphite1 !n aft] dry+1 coat aga9 by float+ ! pap] ^u ! gelat9e conta9+ ! f9e graphite1 & aga9 dry+4 ,! pap] is !n s5sitiz$ by be+ imm]s$ 9 a ?ree p] c5t4 solution ( bi*romate ( pota%4 ,dry x 9 ! d>k4 ,aft] exposure to light "u #abh a negative1 x is develop$ ^u ! silv]$ copp] plate1 aft] :i* ! electro is made4 ,ano!r plan is to expose a piece ( ord9>y c>bon tissue "u a negative 9 ! usual mann]1 !n develop x ^u ! silv]$ copp] plate1 & sift ov] ! wet gelat9e image "s f9ely p[d]$ glass1 s&1 or em]y :i* has be5 previ\sly soak$ 9 p>aff9e4 ,! gelat9e is !n all[$ to dry1 :5 ! grit is bru%$ away1 leav+ ! gelat9e image all m>k$ & pitt$4 ,?is pitt$ image is !n black-lead$1 & ! electrotype is tak5 f x4 ,ano!r me?od is to place ! newly develop$ c>bon pr9t on ! copp] plate1 inside ! aqua-t9t box1 ,*apt] ,,iii4 7hav+ previ\sly %ak5 up ! p[d]72 :5 x is well du/$ ov]1 all[ x to dry1 & !n remove ! p[d] by dissolv+ x out ) ei!r alcohol1 turp5t9e1 or b5zole1 aft] :i* ! electrotype is made4 #abi ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,photo-,,li?ography ,,9 ,,l9e4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,?is process is = mak+ photographic reproductions ( a subject 9 black l9es on a :ite gr\nd1 half-tones & %ad+s be+ indicat$ by hat*+1 or /ipple1 b no wa%es ( color are p]missible4 ,! object s\ght = f su* a subject is to produce a transf] :i* c be laid d[n ^u /one or z9c1 & pro(s pr9t$ !refrom 9 ! ord9>y li?ographic press or ma*9e4 ,to ga9 ?is end !re are ?ree me?ods3 ! fir/1 by pr9t+ ^u pap] prep>$ ) bi*romat$ gelat9e1 ! l9es ( :i*1 aft] exposure to light "u a direct negative 7i4e41 a negative tak5 )\t a mirror beh9d ! l5s71 w reta9 ink1 :il/ ! gelat9e protect$ f light absorbs wat]1 & rejects ! ink4 ,! result is a replica ( ! orig9al 9 fatty ink1 & may be transf]r$ to /one or z9c1 & pr9t$ f by ! usual li?ographic me?od4 ,9 ! second me?od1 a pr9t is made ^u z9c f a rev]s$ negative 79 ! same mann] z direct$ 9 ,*apt] ,v41 ,"p ,i47 9 bi*romat$ album51 :i* is roll$ up 9 transf] ink1 & f t a transf] is pull$ on ,scot* transf] pap]1 :i* may !n be transf]r$ to /one or z9c1 & pr9t$ f at a li?o4 press or ma*9e4 ,9 ! ?ird1 & by f> ! be/ me?od1 ! pr9t is made f a rev]s$ negative on z9c1 9 bitum51 z direct$ 9 ,*apt] ,v41 ,"p ,i41 !n roll$ up 9 transf] ink1 ! transf] pull$ on ,scot* transf] pap]1 !n transf]r$ to /one or z9c1 & pr9t$ f at a li?o4 press or ma*9e4 ,! defects inh]5t to ! fir/ me?od are1 fir/ ( all1 9 ! prep>ation ( ! gelat9e pap]2 ?is is t$i\s & messy4 ,!n !re is always dang] ( break+ ! l9es 9 transf]r+1 & also ! difficulty ( work+ exactly to scale4 #acj ,! second me?od is quick1 easy1 & simple1 ! only drawback be+ a t5d5cy ( ! l9es to ?ick54 ,) ?is & ! ?ird me?od !re is no difficulty 9 gett+ absolute scale4 ,! ?ird me?od is p]fect1 & pres5ts no drawbacks4 ,! two latt] me?ods hav+ be5 amply expla9$ 9 ,"p ,i41 x w n be necess>y to r$escribe !m1 except to expla9 t :5 ! pr9t is made on ! z9c 9 album51 x is gumm$ 91 fann$ dry1 !n damp$ (f ) a wet sponge1 foll[$ by a damp clo?1 roll$ up ) transf] ink1 & ! transf] pull$ ^u good ,scot* transf] pap]4 ,! same rem>ks apply to bitum5 pr9ts4 ,= a transf] pr9t$ 9 bitum51 ! image is develop$ 9 turp5t9e1 & :5 ?is is complet$1 wa% ! plate ?or\ghly "u ! tap1 !n imm]se x 9 ! gra9+ ba? 7,"p ,i41 ,*apt] ,i41 page #bd71 & keep ! tray rock+ = a few m9utes2 ! effect ( ?is w be to de/roy ! poli%$ surface ( ! metal1 sub/itut+ a pe>ly matt surface1 :i* w %[ up ! picture prop]ly1 & all[ ! op]ator to judge :e!r any ( ! f9e details are want+2 if !re are1 x w be necess>y1 if ! details are dissolv$ out1 to repoli% ! z9c1 fir/ ) pumice-/one1 !n ) snake-/one1 !n ) pumice p[d]1 f9i%+ ) f9e r\ge2 !n coat ) bitum51 :irl1 & aga9 expose to light1 giv+ ?is "t1 long] exposure "u ! negative4 ,b if ! f9e details are buri$ 9 undissolv$ bitum51 a fur!r imm]sion 9 ! turp5t9e ba? w soon cle> !m2 !n aga9 wa% "u ! tap1 imm]se 9 ! gra9+ ba?1 aga9 wa%1 !n1 ) a %eet ( clean blott+ pap]1 remove ! surplus wat]1 & all[ ! surface to dry 9 a cold curr5t2 b bew>e ( us+ heat1 z x has a t5d5cy to make ! bitum5 image refuse ink 9 roll+ up4 ,! z9c be+ dry1 x is gumm$ 91 fann$ dry1 !n ! gum is wa%$ (f1 & ! image roll$ up ) a lea!r roll] *>g$ ) transf] ink4 ,z soon z ! bitum5 has tak5 ! transf] ink all ov]1 a transf] is pull$ ^u ,scot* transf] pap]1 :i* 9 turn is transf]r$ to /one = pr9t+ f4 ,9 roll+ up ^! pr9ts ^u z9c1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep ! surface 7:e!r ! image is 9 album5 or bitum57 prop]ly damp4 ,! prep>ation ( pap] transf]s w be treat$ ^u 9 ! next *apt]4 ,! negative f :i* ^! transf]s are made1 mu/ h all ! *>act]i/ics ( a good negative = pr9t+ on z9c = et*$ blocks1 viz41 ! l9es #aca mu/ be repres5t$ by cle> glass1 & ^? portions ( ! negative repres5t+ ! :ites ( ! orig9al1 mu/ be z ne> opaque z possible4 ,! subjects to :i* photo-li?ography is applicable1 are ^? t are /rictly 9 l9e1 or /ipple1 or dots1 or cross hat*$1 or *alk draw+s2 9 fact1 any subject t may be done by li?ography1 or 9 black & :ite2 b no %ad+ by color wa%es is p]missible4 ,transf]r+ to /one or z9c is done z foll[s3 ,fir/ ( all1 ! transf] is trimm$ to prop] size2 x is !n plac$ 9 a damp+ book1 made by plac+ wet %eets ( br[n or good pr9t+ pap] alt]nately ) dry %eets1 !n plac+ all "u a weight = a few h\rs1 until ! :ole ( ! book is ev5ly damp2 ! trimm$ transf] is all[$ to rema9 "h until limp2 x is !n spong$ on ! back ) a v little ( oxalic acid 7half an ounce71 wat] eighty ounces2 n[ lay ! transf] c>efully d[n on a p]fectly clean & poli%$ /one1 back+ ! transf] ) a piece ( smoo? pap]4 ,hav+ adju/$ ! pressure ( ! scrap] on ! /one1 pull ?r\gh twice1 !n rev]se ! /one 9 ! press1 & pull ?r\gh twice m4 ,!n remove ! back+ & lift ! transf] f ! /one1 :5 ! :ole ( ! ink %\ld be ^u ! /one1 leav+ ! pap] q clean4 ,n[1 if ! picture is q satisfactory1 wipe ! /one fir/ ) a wet sponge1 !n ) a damp clo?1 !n gum 9 & all[ to dry1 &1 if possible1 to /& ) ! gum on all night4 #acb ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,pap] ,,transf]s4 ,pap] = photo-li?ographic transf]s may be made by coat+ bank po/ pap] or a good h&-made writ+ pap]1 ) ,gelat9e 7,nelson's7 #b ounces4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,put ! above into a wide-m\!d bottle or j>1 & all[ ! gelat9e to soak until s(t2 !n place ! vessel 9 a l>ge saucepan conta9+ cold wat]1 & set on a fire1 or ov] a gas-burn]1 & by ! "t ! wat] 9 ! saucepan is hot ! gelat9e w be dissolv$4 ,!n add sl[ly 7/irr+ ! gelat9e ) a glass rod7 "o dra*m ( a t5-gra9 solution ( *rome alum4 ,n[ /ra9 ! gelat9e solution ?r\gh f9e musl9 into a clean di%1 /&+ x 9 a l>g] di% conta9+ hot wat]2 float ! bank po/ pap] ^u ?is solution 7tak+ c>e to avoid air-bubbles7 = two m9utes1 !n lift x (f sl[ly & hang x up to dry1 p9n+ x by two corn]s to ! edge ( a %elf4 ,:5 dry1 ! op]ation is repeat$1 b ?is "t ! pap] is hung up to dry by ! two opposite corn]s1 s z to equalize ! coat ( gelat9e4 ,:5 dry a second "t1 x mu/ be float$ = two m9utes ^u ,:ite ( #e eggs4 ,wat] #ac ounces4 7,%ake up well1 & filt] into a cold di%47 ,pap] prep>$ z above w keep = any reasonable l5g? ( "t4 ,= use1 x is drawn sl[ly ?r\gh a solution compos$ ( ,bi*romate ( ,pota% #a-a_/b ounces4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,alcohol #e ounces4 ,liquor ,ammonia #aj m9ims4 ,?is be+ done1 ! pap] is aga9 hung up to dry1 ?is "t 9 a d>k room4 ,:5 dry1 ! pap] %\ld be laid face d[n1 ^u a poli%$ li?o4 /one1 & be pull$ ?r\gh ! press ?ree or f\r times1 s z to get ! surface z smoo? z possible1 & insure absolute contact4 #acc ,?is mu/ be done 9 a yell[ light1 or 9 a room light$ by gas or oil light4 ,! pap] is n[ plac$ 9 contact ) ! negative1 9 a pr9t+-frame1 & expos$ to light2 ! exposure = su* pap] %\ld be f five to fifte5 m9utes4 ,note well t ^! pap] transf]s are pr9t$ f negatives tak5 direct 9 ! cam]a1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! mirror1 !re=e negatives suitable = pr9t+ pap] transf]s w n d = pr9t+ ^u z9c1 or vice v]sa4 ,! progress may be wat*$ by undo+ "o side ( ! back ( ! frame1 & exam9+ ! image 9 ! d>k room2 b 9 damp wea!r ?is %\ld n be done too (t51 z ! pap] may exp& or contract1 & blur ! image4 ,! exposure to light "u ! negative be+ complete1 ! pr9t is remov$ f ! frame 9 ! d>k room1 & is next coat$ ) a ?9 film ( ink z foll[s3 ,a smoo? li?o4 /one is c>efully coat$ ) a fatty ink by means ( a lea!r roll]1 extreme c>e be+ necess>y to insure an ev5 coat ( ink ov] ! /one2 ?is be+ atta9$1 ! expos$ pr9t is laid face d[n 7! room be+ lit by yell[ light or gaslight7 ^u ! ink$ /one1 !n a piece ( back+ pap] laid ^u x1 & pull$ ?r\gh ! press1 ) a good nip ^u x2 pull x ?r\gh twice1 !n rev]se ! /one on ! press1 & aga9 pull ?r\gh twice1 :i* w leave a f9e1 ?9 film ( ink ^u x4 ,n[ take ! ink$ pr9t1 & place x 9 a tray ( clean1 cold wat]1 all[ x to rema9 !re9 = five m9utes1 !n lay ! pr9t ^u a piece ( glass1 & rub x g5tly ) a pad ( cotton-wool--previ\sly wett$ 9 ! wat]4 ,?is w remove ! ink f ^? portions ( ! pap] t 7 protect$ f ! action ( light by ! opaque portions ( ! negative1 repres5t+ ! :ites ( ! orig9al4 ,! application ( ! pad ( cotton-wool is cont9u$ until ! :ole ( ! picture is cle>$ f sup]flu\s ink1 & ! l9es compos+ ! image are ev5ly coat$ ) ink4 ,! ink adh]es only to ^? portions ( ! pap] :i* ! light has act$ ^u1 ?r\gh ! negative4 ,n[ wa% ! transf] "u ! tap1 !n hang x up to dry4 ,:5 dry x is ready = transf]r+ to /one or z9c4 ,to transf] to /one or z9c1 place ! transf] fir/ ( all 9 ! damp+ book1 & :5 limp place x ^u a clean1 cold1 poli%$ /one1 & pull x ?r\gh ! press4 #acd ,:5 transf]r$1 ! image is treat$ 9 exactly ! same mann] z an ord9>y transf] on /one or z9c4 ,! enamell$ d\ble transf] pap] sold = d\ble transf] c>bon "w may be us$ = photo-li?o4 transf]s by float+ x ^u ,album5 #e ounces4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,saturat$ ,solution ( ,bi*romate ( ,pota% #c ounces4 ,liquor ,ammonia #aj drops4 & !n dri$4 ,pap] ?us prep>$ mu/ be kept 9 a dry air-tight case1 & j be=e us+ is laid face d[n ^u a smoo? li?o4 /one1 & pull$ ?r\gh ! li?o4 press4 ,aft] ?is1 x is plac$ 9 contact ) ! negative 9 ! pr9t+ frame1 & expos$ to light until ! details are visible4 ,al?\gh ! progress ( ! action ( light c be se51 ! frame mu/ n be op5$ too (t51 or ! pap] is apt to exp& & blur ! image4 ,aft] exposure ! pr9t is ink$ up1 develop$1 & treat$ exactly z expla9$ above4 ,! ink suitable = ink+ up ! /one1 previ\s to lay+ ^u x ! expos$ pr9t1 is compos$ ( ,be/ ,*alk ,li?o4 ,pr9t+ ,ink #c p>ts4 ,mutton ,fat #a "p4 ,put ! ink & fat into a small iron or e>!nw>e pot1 & place x ov] a ,buns5 burn]1 or a p>aff9e /ove1 or on ! hot plate ( a kit*5 /ove 7b n ov] an op5 fire72 all[ ! heat to melt ! two +r$i5ts1 /ir s z to incorporate !m ?or\ghly2 take great c>e n to all[ x to cat* fire2 if x does1 at once ext+ui% ! flame1 z ! fir+ w\ld be apt to spoil ! ink4 ,:5 ?or\ghly melt$ & incorporat$1 p\r into a t91 or pot1 = use :5 cool2 ! "t occupi$ 9 mak+ ?is ink w n exce$ tw5ty m9utes4 ,! mutton fat is obta9$ by dropp+ solid kidney suet 7%r$d$7 into a pan ( clean boil+ wat]1 !n all[+ to cool1 :5 ! fat is tak5 (f ! surface ( ! wat]1 fre$ f damp & /or$ = use4 ,ano!r =mula = ! prep>ation ( pap]1 to be ink$ up1 aft] pr9t+ 9 ! same mann] z ! above transf]s1 is to coat pap] twice ) ! foll[+ prep>ation1 dry+ betwe5 ea* coat3 arr[root1 #a ounce2 wet ?is ?or\ghly ) #e ounces ( cold wat]1 /irr+ well ) a spatula1 add+ m cold wat]1 if necess>y1 to moi/5 ! lot2 !n p\r ov] x #bj ounces ( boil+ wat]1 /irr+ all ! "t2 if1 :5 ! #bj ounces are add$1 #ace ! arr[root has n ?ick5$1 add m boil+ wat] until x does d s2 n[ add #a_/b an ounce ( p[d]$ bi*romate ( pota% & /ir until dissolv$2 !n /ra9 ?r\gh musl9 into a w>m di% & float ! pap] ^u x :il/ hot1 & dry at a temp]ature ( #gj ,f4 ,if ! bi*romate ( pota% be omitt$1 ! pap] may be prep>$ 9 quantity & /or$ away = future use1 be+ made s5sitive by float+ = five m9utes ^u ,bi*romate ( ,pota% #a ounce4 ,wat] #be ounces4 ,pap] = ei!r gelat9e or arr[root transf]s1 aft] keep+ s long aft] prep>ation z to be useless1 %\ld n be ?r[n away1 b %\ld be aga9 float$ ^u bi*romat$ gelat9e or arr[root1 & aft] dry+ w give f9] results ?an new pap]4 ,pr(4 ,husnik's photo li?ographic transf] pap] is obta9able 9 ,engl& & 9 ,am]ica4 ,he recomm5ds ! foll[+ *romate ba?3 ,bi*romate ( ,ammonium #a ounce4 ,wat] #ae ounces4 ,alcohol #d ounces4 ,liquor ,ammonia #a ounce4 ,keep well cork$ 9 a d>k place4 #acf ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,pap] ,,transf]s--7,cont9u$74 ,prep>e a solution ( ,gelat9e #e ounces4 ,sug> #a ounce4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,soak ! gelat9e 9 ! wat] 7cold7 until q s(t1 !n melt x by ! application ( heat 7no?+ is bett] = ?is sort ( "w ?an a ,ba9 ,m>ie1 a dome/ic ut5sil ) a porcela9 pan enclos$ 9 "o ( t972 !n add ! sug> & /ir well1 cont9u+ ! application ( heat until a temp]ature ( #aej ,f4 has be5 rea*$2 n[ /ra9 ! gelat9e ?r\gh musl91 into a clean di% plac$ 9 a l>g] di% conta9+ boil+ wat]1 ! heat f :i* w keep ! solution ( gelat9e 9 a prop]ly liquid /ate dur+ ! op]ation ( coat+ ! pap]4 ,! be/ = ^! transf]s is a good h&-made writ+ pap]1 or good bank-po/4 ,cut ! pap] into suitable sizes1 leav+ a little extra m>g9 at "o end1 & float x ^u ! hot gelat9e solution z above2 be c>eful 9 lay+ ! pap] ^u ! gelat9e1 t air bells are avoid$2 :5 ! %eet is laid ^u ! surface1 raise x rapidly1 & ?r[ x at once ov] a cyl9d] ( c>dbo>d or ( wood1 & at once comm5ce to revolve ?is cyl9d] rapidly1 fir/ 9 "o direction1 & z ! limit ( ! l5g? ( pap] is rea*$1 revolve x 9 ! o!r1 :i* motion w alt]nately br+ fir/ "o end upp]mo/ & !n ! o!r4 ,by ?is means an ev5 coat+ ( gelat9e ^u ! pap] is secur$1 :i* is n possible :5 ! pap] is hung up by clips directly x is tak5 f ! surface ( ! hot gelat9e4 ,! cyl9d] is kept revolv+ until ! gelat9e has set1 :5 x may be hung up to dry ^u clips1 or laid face up1 ov] a l9e ^u a piece ( c>dbo>d2 dur+ ! op]ation ( revolv+ ! cyl9d]1 any air bells =m$ 9 ! gelat9e coat+ may be remov$ by bl[+ or prick+ !m4 ,?is1 to my m9d1 is a mo/ elegant me?od ( coat+ small %eets 7up to ?irty in*es long7 ) a coat ( gelat9e1 = :i* ,i will+ly give ! #acg ,royal ,eng9e]s ! cr$it1 x hav+ be5 demon/rat$ to me by ,ex-s]geant ,dalton1 ( t corps4 ,pap] coat$ 9 ?is mann]1 :5 dry1 is ready = s5sitiz+2 b if coat$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 x %\ld1 :5 dry1 be coat$ a second "t & hung up to dry 9 ! opposite way t x 0 ! fir/ "t4 ,pap] coat$ ) gelat9e solution z above1 may be /ock$1 z ! coat+ does n det]iorate ) "t2 b ! op]ator mu/ be c>eful n to all[ ! solution ( gelat9e to get bel[ #abe dur+ coat+1 else ! surface w be /icky4 ,! temp]ature ( ! dry+ room mu/ n exce$ #gj1 9 fact1 #fj w be be/4 ,pap] s coat$ is s5sitiz$ by imm]sion = ?ree m9utes 9 ,bi*romate ( ,pota% #b ounces4 ,wat] #ej ounces4 ,9 hot wea!r ?is solution mu/ be kept cool ) ice4 ,:5 ! "t ( imm]sion has expir$ ! pap] is remov$1 & laid face d[n ^u a %eet ( glass free f scrat*es--:i* %eet ( glass has be5 well poli%$ ) f9ely p[d]$ talc 7or ,fr5* *alk7--n[ squeegee ! back ( ! pap] vigor\sly1 to remove ! sup]flu\s solution & br+ ! surface ( ! pap] into absolute contact ) ! glass plate4 ,! %eet ( glass is n[ plac$ 9 a rack1 9 ! d>k room1 until ! pap] is q dry1 :5 x may be readily /ripp$ (f ! glass1 & is ready = pr9t+ ! transf]4 ,! op]ation ( dry+ %\ld be done 9 a curr5t ( air at a temp]ature ( ab\t #fj1 & ! pap] mu/ be q dry be=e attempt+ to /rip x f ! glass4 ,! exposure "u ! negative is ! same z describ$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,:5 suffici5tly expos$1 ! pr9t is remov$ f ! frame 9 ! d>k room1 & at once imm]s$ 9 cold wat]1 :]e x is all[$ to /ay = five m9utes1 :5 x is )drawn & laid ^u a piece ( plate glass1 or a z9c plate1 ! face be+ upp]mo/2 !n ! loose end ( ! pap] 7provision = :i* mu/ be made 9 cutt+ ! pap]7 is tuck$ "u ! plate1 s z to hold ! transf] 9 position 9 ! subsequ5t op]ations4 ,n[ take a glue roll] 7! same z us$ = ink+ up ! album5 image on z9c1 describ$ 9 ,"p ,i41 ,*apt] ,,iv471 & hav+ spread a little ( ! ink describ$ 9 ! la/ *apt] 7*alk1 li?o4 ink1 & mutton fat7 ^u ! slab1 *>ge ! roll] c>efully ) a ?9 coat+ ( ink1 & !n1 hav+ #ach remov$ any moi/ure f ! face ( ! transf] ) a s(t sponge1 apply ! ink$ glue roll]1 roll+ "o way only--i4e41 f ! body 7presum+ t ! edge ( pap] tuck$ "u ! slab is next ! body ( ! op]ator72 cont9ue roll+ until ! :ole ( ! l9es =m+ ! picture are coat$ ) ink1 & ! :ites q clean & free f ink4 ,if ! roll] %\ld get wet f wat] ooz+ f "u ! transf]1 wipe x ) a damp clo? & !n roll x a few times on ! ink+ slab1 & cont9ue roll+ ! transf]4 ,be c>eful t ! portion ( ! transf] repres5t+ ! :ites ( ! picture has absorb$ its full modicum ( wat] be=e beg9n+ to roll up1 & also t !re is n too mu* ink ^u ! roll]4 ,:5 ! transf] is successfully ink$ up1 x is hung up to dry1 & :5 dry is trimm$ to size1 plac$ 9 a damp+ book1 & transf]r$ to /one4 ,! expos$ transf]1 aft] wett+1 & be+ plac$ ^u ! plate ( glass1 or z9c1 may be develop$ 9 ano!r way4 ,fir/ remove ! sup]flu\s wat] f ! surface ) a s(t damp sponge1 !n rub x g5tly all ov] ) a pad ( cotton-wool dipp$ 9 a ?9 mixture ( ink ?9n$ ) turp5t9e & well mix$ ) a palette knife 7?is ink %\ld be a little ?ick] ?an ord9>y copy+ ink72 all ! image mu/ be cov]$ ) ! ink4 ,! turp5t9e is !n all[$ to evaporate1 :5 by roll+ ) ! glue roll] f ! body1 ! ink w cle> away f ! :ites1 leav+ ! l9es %>p & di/9ct4 ,d n use too mu* pressure1 else ! ink may be remov$ f ! l9es1 9 :i* case cov] ! :ole picture ) a fre% coat ( ! ?9 ink1 & aga9 roll (f4 ,! subsequ5t op]ations are ! same z = ! o!r pap] transf]s4 ,! ink = ?is me?od is made by melt+ ov] a ,buns5 burn]1 or p>aff9e /ove1 ,*alk ,pr9t+ ,ink #d ounces4 ,beeswax #a_/b ounce4 ,/e>9e #a_/b ounce4 ,res9 #c_/d ounce4 ,:5 ^! are melt$ & well /irr$ toge!r1 set ! mixture on fire & all[ to burn = ?ree m9utes1 !n ext+ui% by putt+ ! cov] on ! pot or pan1 !n p\r x into a t94 ,:5 cold x is ready = use4 ,9 h&l+ ! s5sitiz$ gelat9e pap] = transf]s1 e c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to keep ! pap] f be+ expos$ to ! action ( light1 be=e & aft] exposure 9 ! pr9t+ frame1 else !re w be great difficulty 9 gett+ clean transf]s4 #aci ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,toovey',s ,,negative ,,transf] ,,process4 ,a good smoo? pap] is float$ = five m9utes ^u f9e/ pick$ ,gum ,arabic #e ounces4 ,wat] #ae ounces4 ,bi*romate ( ,pota% #a ounce4 ,?is is dri$ 9 ! d>k1 !n expos$ to light 9 a pr9t+ frame "u a direct negative4 ,x is !n laid1 face d[n1 ^u a poli%$ z9c or /one1 if a l9e subject1 or on a gra9$ z9c or /one1 if a half-tone subject2 ^u ! back ( ! pr9t sev]al %eets ( damp pap] are laid1 & !n ! :ole is subject$ to v heavy pressure 9 a hydraulic press1 s t ! wat] 9 ! damp pap] may be =c$ ?r\gh ! pr9t & dissolve ! gum 9 ! unexpos$ p>ts ( ! s5sitive gum coat+ 7:i* is /ill soluble74 ,! dissolv$ gum atta*es itself to ! /one1 :il/ ! expos$ p>ts be+ r5d]$ insoluble by ! action ( light1 ! damp has no effect ^u x1 & ! /one is protect$ 9 ^? p>ts4 ,:5 ! /one has be5 "u pressure = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 to all[ ! small traces ( gum 9 ! deepe/ %ad[s to atta* !mselves to ! /one1 ! pressure is remov$1 ! /one )drawn1 & ! pap] c>ry+ ! photographic pr9t is c>efully lift$ up1 leav+ ! b>e negative image on a gumm$ gr\nd4 ,! /one is well dri$1 & cov]$ all ov] ) a greasy ink appli$ by a roll] or o!rwise4 ,! ink is ?us br\ght into contact ) all p>ts ( ! /one or z9c unprotect$ by ! gum4 ,! image is !n wa%$ out ) turp5t9e1 & ! gum remov$ by a damp sponge1 aft] :i* ! /one or z9c is roll$ up 9 ! ord9>y mann] ) a lea!r roll]1 & is pr9t$ f 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,( c\rse1 x w n be expect$ t ! be/ results are obta9able by s simple a process4 ,p]haps 9 no o!r bran* ( "w does an outlay ( ?\ght & "t 8pay0 s well z 9 ! practice ( ^! int]e/+ photo-pr9t+ me?ods4 #adj ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,photo-,,li?o4 ,,transf]s4 ,,to ,,develop ,,photo-,,li?o4 ,,transf]s4 ,to develop photo-li?o4 transf]s on pap] !re are two me?ods4 ,! fir/ & olde/ is1 aft] exposure1 to coat a smoo? li?o4 /one ) a ?9 lay] ( transf] ink1 by means ( a lea!r roll]1 !n to lay ! expos$ pr9t face d[n ^u ?is ink$ /one1 & pull x ?r\gh ! press4 ,( c\rse1 ?is mu/ be done 9 a d>k room1 or by gas or oil light1 z daylight w\ld spoil ! transf]4 ,n[ ! ink$ & expos$ transf] is plac$ 9 wat] at #hj ,f41 & all[$ to rema9 = ?ree or f\r m9utes1 :5 x is tak5 f ! wat] & plac$ ^u a plate ( glass1 & ! sup]flu\s ink is remov$ by means ( a sponge dipp$ 9 ! hot wat]4 ,if ! negative has be5 suffici5tly opaque1 & ! exposure "r1 ! image w quickly develop1 ! l9es reta9+ ! ink1 :ile t ^u ! :ites w come away4 ,hot wat] is us$ :]e ! coat+ is ( gelat9e only2 if gum arabic1 or album5 has be5 us$1 !n1 aft] ink+ up on ! /one1 ! transf] mu/ be develop$ 9 cold wat]1 & cotton-wool us$ to remove ! ink f ! :ites1 rubb+ v c>efully ) v little pressure4 ,pap] prep>$ ) a ?ick coat ( gelat9e may be develop$ 9 ano!r way2 aft] remov+ x f ! pr9t+-frame1 ! transf] is ink$ up on ! /one1 !n plac$ 9 a di% ( cold wat] & left !re = five or t5 m9utes2 !n remov$ & plac$ ^u a ?ick glass slab1 ! end tuck$ "u s t :5 plac$ on ! b5* ! slab w press ! pap] & keep x 9 position4 ,n[1 ) a %eet ( clean blott+-pap]1 remove ! wat] f ! transf]1 us+ pressure ) ! h&s f ! end tuck$ "u ! slab2 !n1 ) a glue roll]1 roll f ! tuck$ "u end until ! image is develop$4 ,in/ead ( ink+ ! transf] up :5 dry1 ! transf] may be plac$ 9 ! cold wat] directly x is tak5 f ! pr9t+-frame1 & all[$ to rema9 = t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 dur+ :i* "t ! image w swell1 by ! :ites absorb+ wat]4 ,n[ place ^u ! glass slab 7"o end be+ tuck$ "u71 & remove ! sup]flu\s wat] fir/ ) a #ada sponge1 !n ) a damp clo?2 n[ dip a sponge 9 transf] ink ?9n$ to ! consi/5cy ( cream by turp5t9e1 & dab all ov] ! damp transf]1 !n all[ x to /& until ! turp5t9e has evaporat$4 ,next take ! glue roll] & roll ! transf] until ! :ites are cle>2 only roll "o way--i4e41 f ! end tuck$ "u ! slab4 ,! transf]s be+ develop$1 !y are r9s$ ) clean wat]1 & hung up to dry 9 a curr5t ( cool air4 ,if dri$ at too high a temp]ature1 ! transf]s w be inf]ior1 & difficult to h&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,in/ead ( us+ a slab ( glass1 & tuck+ ! end ( ! transf] und]nea?1 a prop] develop+-bo>d may be us$ z foll[s3 ,a is a clamp$ bo>d #ah in*es by #ab in*es1 by #a in* ?ick2 ,b is ano!r #d in*es by #ab in*es2 ^! are h+$ toge!r at ,c1 ! h+es be+ let into ! bo>ds und]nea?4 ,n[1 if ! transf] be laid ^u ! bo>d ,a1 ! end plac$ 9 ! ap]ture ,c1 !n ! pressure ( ! roll] w cause ! piece ,b to clamp ! pap] q tight4 ,a few little diff]5ces 9 manipulation are requir$ by ! v>i\s transf] pap]s f\nd on sale 9 ! m>ket4 ,= ?is reason ,i add ! in/ructions giv5 by ,pr(4 ,husnik = 8 transf] pap]4 ,mak+ ! pap] s5sitive4--,p\r ! solution 9 a %all[ glass or porcela9 di% 7su* z photograph]s use71 take hold ( ! pap] on two opposite ends1 dip "o end 7prep>$ side upw>d7 9 ! solution1 & draw ! pap] ?r\gh s t ! :ole surface is cov]$ ev5ly ) ! solution2 dra9 (f & hang x up = dry+ 9 a d>k room4 ,p9s may be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,nev] rev]se ! pap] 9 hang+ x up4 ,wet only z mu* ( ! pap] z y int5d us+ at e "o occasion4 ,9 hot summ] wea!r ! s prep>$ pap] mu/ be us$ )9 a few h\rs4 ,9 cold & damp wea!r x keeps good = ?ree days4 ,aft] ! pap] has pass$ ?r\gh ! ba? ! prep>$ side ( x mu/ n be br\ght 9 contact ) any?+ :atev]1 z ! lea/ t\* w create a spot 9 ! picture4 ,= p\r+ back ! solution into ! bottle use a glass funnel4 ,x is v advisable to run ! s5sitive #adb pap] on a poli%$ /one or metal plate ?r\gh a li?ograph press to give a smoo? surface4 ,! developm5t ( ! picture c beg9 aft] ! m5tion$ "t & is to be accompli%$ ) a f9e1 solid1 & v s(t sponge1 rubb+ 9 circle-=m ) x ov] all p>ts ( ! picture until all ! ink is wa%$ out ( ! lights1 ! l9es becom+ cle> & di/9ct & ! %ade prop]ly op54 ,! wat] mu/ be *ang$ sev]al times1 pass+ always ) ! sponge delicately ov] all p>ts ( ! picture to remove all uncleanl9ess f x4 ,b nev] g ov] ! picture ) a dry sponge4 ,aft] wa%+ ! picture clean x is laid betwe5 damp pr9t+ pap] & slightly press$ ) ! h&s to remove ! sup]flu\s wat]4 ,0 ! exposure ( ! picture too long x w be v difficult1 yea1 impossible to develop x4 ,too %ort an exposure w lose ! f9e l9es4 ,! prop] "t ( exposure w easily be le>n$4 ,= v f9e reproductions ! pap] %\ld be dri$ & ink$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,take a pane ( glass1 coat x ) a fatty sub/ance1 z tall[ or wax dissolv$ 9 b5z9e2 wipe ! glass clean1 s z to leave only a trace ( fat on2 lay ! pap] 9 ! solution ab\t "o m9ute1 dra9 (f & !n lay ! pap] face d[n on ! glass1 remov+ all air bubbles by rubb+ ov] ! back ) a rubb] /raight edge1 or bett]1 a squeegee4 ,:5 dry1 ! pap] w leave ! glass easily & w h a glass-l surface4 ,! ink+4--,take common li?ographic transf] ink1 mix ) x "o-f\r? "p ( ! photo-li?ographic ink & coat a smoo? /one ) an ev5 t9t1 tak+ c>e n to make x too ?ick 7a smoo? li?ograph or composition roll] w answ]74 ,lay ! pr9t$ picture face d[n & run x ?r\gh ! press ) a good pressure2 ! picture w be cov]$ ) an ev5 t9t1 %[+ ! picture ?r\gh x4 ,! developm5t is ! same z above describ$4 ,?is lat] me?od gives excell5t results4 ,transf]r+4--,:5 all ! wat] is remov$ f ! picture1 & :ile damp1 lay x on ! /one & make ! transf] ) ! same c>e z o!r transf]s are made1 />t+ ) a v light pressure2 & if ! pap] /icks to ! /one1 increase ! pressure4 ,x is advisable to wa% ! /one ) pure turp5t9e1 & dry x be=e transf]r+4 #adc ,,"p ,v4 ,,photo-,,li?ography ,,9 ,,half-,,tone4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,?is process1 l photo-engrav+1 has be5 ! subject ( _m applications to ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 b ! fir/ notable progress 0 made by ,messrs4 ,bullock1 9 #ahfe4 ,!y seem to h gone into ! subject ?or\ghly1 z ! elaborate & practical specifications prove1 b al?\gh ! pat5tees issu$ "s f9e specim5s ( _! "w1 & adv]tis$ ! sale ( prep>$ pap]1 no?+ came ( x4 ,messrs4 ,bullock's me?od comprises ! pr9t+ f gra9$ /one tile1 or a /one ^u :i* has be5 laid a transf]1 f a /ipple plate1 or a plate engrav$ 9 l9es or dots--^u s5sitive transf] pap] 9 /iff ink4 ,! s5sitive pap]1 ) su* impr9t ^u x1 is expos$ to light "u a negative1 ! specks ( ink =m+ a m$ium = break+ up ! half-tones4 ,suitable gra9 may be obta9$ f ma*9e /ippl$ plates1 z well z f gra9$ /one4 ,half-tone photo-li?ography may also be made by mak+1 f a pro( pull$ f a ma*9e /ipple1 or a rul$ plate1 or a gra9$ /one1 a wet1 collodion negative1 :i*1 be+ /ripp$ f its glass support 7by any ( ! means m5tion$ 9 ! *apt] on /ripp$ films7 is plac$ betwe5 ! ord9>y half-tone negative & ! s5sitive surface--z9c1 coat$ ) bi*romat$ album51 or ) bitum51 or ei!r ( ! transf] pap]s treat$ ( 9 ,"p ,,iv4--! result w be a gra9$ transf]4 ,gra9$ z9c1 coat$ ) bi*romat$ album51 or ) bitum51 & expos$ "u a v ?9 half-tone negative1 w also yield transf]s suitable = a good _m subjects1 b ! mo/ successful me?ods are modifications ( ! collographic pr9t+ processes4 ,transf]s made by any ( ! me?ods m5tion$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s may be transf]r$ to poli%$ z9c1 & !n et*$ 9 relief1 z direct$ 9 ,"p ,i4 #add ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,ink ,,photos4 ,! v>i\s me?ods nam$ 9 ! la/ *apt] = break+ up & transf]r+ to /one ! delicate half t9ts ( a photograph f nature1 are 9 a great measure r crude & d n give ! f9e results yield$ by ! foll[+ modification ( ! collotype process1 nor are !y s c]ta9 & simple 9 _! work+4 ,! production ( ink photos is z foll[s3 ,a plate ( flat copp] is gra9$ by means ( gra9+ s& & a piece ( li?o4 /one1 ! s& be+ put ?r\gh a f9e sieve 7ab\t #abj holes to ! in*74 ,! copp] plate be+1 fir/ ( all1 well poli%$ & )\t scrat*es1 is plac$ ^u a flat bo>d1 ! gra9+ s& is !n siev$ ov] x1 & moi/5$1 !n ) a light1 firm motion ( ! wri/1 ! :ole ( ! surface is ev5ly gr\nd4 ,! op]ation ( gra9+ is v difficult to describe1 except to say t ! /one mull] is %uffl$ all ov] ! plate until ! poli%$ surface ( ! copp] is replac$ by an ev5 matt4 ,r5ew ! s& :5 necess>y4 ,d n try to get ?r\gh ! op]ation rapidly by tak+ l>ge circles1 else scrat*es are sure to result4 ,! copp] plate be+ gra9$1 x is well wa%$1 back & front1 s z to free x f all grit1 !n coat$ :il/ wet ) ,/ale ,be] 7n lag]7 #e ounces4 ,wat] #e ounces4 ,silicate ( ,soda 7syrupy7 #a ounce4 ,tann9 #a gra94 ,%ake well1 !n filt]2 coat ! plate twice & /& x on a rack to dra9 & dry4 ,:5 dry swill ! plate "u ! tap & aga9 dry4 ,^! plates may be prep>$ 9 advance1 z !y improve by keep+4 ,n[ prep>e ! foll[+ solutions3 ,be/ ,cologne ,glue #a ounce4 ,wat] #aj ounces4 ,:5 dissolv$ add ,bi*romate ( ,pota%1 9 p[d] #cj gra9s4 #ade ,/ir until dissolv$1 !n add ,nitrate ( ,silv] #cj gra9s4 ,dissolv$ 9 ,wat] #a ounce4 ,/ir well1 !n add ,*loride ( ,calcium 7cry/als7 #aj gra9s4 ,dissolv$ 9 ,wat] #a ounce4 ,/ir up well1 !n add ,acetic ,acid #a_/b dra*m4 ,aga9 /ir4 ,w>m ! coat$ copp] plates by lett+ !m lie ^u ! slab ( ! dry+ ov54 ,! dry+ ov5 is describ$ 9 ! *apt] on collotype pr9t+1 & = ?is process ! slab %\ld be at ab\t a temp]ature ( #aej ,f4 ,n[ /ra9 ! above mixture ?r\gh musl9 into an invalid's cup ) a long sp\t1 & hold+ ! w>m copp] plate horizontally on ! palm ( ! left h&1 proce$ to p\r ov] x z mu* ( ! gelat9e mixture z w well cov] x4 ,d n h a v ?ick film1 else ! gra9 w be too co>se2 nor too ?91 or !re w be no gra9 at all4 ,practice w soon enable ! op]ator to apportion ! prop] quantity to ea* plate4 ,z a r\gh e/imate1 ab\t "o fluid\nce ( ! mixture = a plate #ab #aj w be requir$4 ,! plate be+ coat$1 x is plac$ on ! slab ( ! dry+ ov5 & left !re until dry4 ,t w take f "o & a half to two h\rs4 ,! exact temp]ature at :i* to dry ^! films _c be arbitr>ily /at$1 z s mu* w dep5d ^u ! picture :i* is to be pr9t$2 !re=e1 a few exp]im5ts w be necess>y be=e settl+ d[n to an exact =m ( work+4 ,a good plan t answ]s admirably is to raise ! wat] 9 ! tank ( ! dry+ ov5 to boil+ po9t be=e coat+ ! plate1 !n coat ! plate1 lay x on ! slab1 let ! wat] 9 ! tank boil = a few m9utes !n turn out ! gas & let ! plate dry4 ,! plate be+ dry x is expos$ "u a good ord9>y 7rev]s$7 negative until ! :ole ( ! details are well out4 ,"t ! exposure by means ( an act9omet]4 ,aft] exposure "u ! negative1 remove ! plate f ! pr9t+ frame & 9 ! d>k room cov] x ) li?o4 transf] ink by means ( a lea!r roll]1 tak+ c>e t ! :ole ( ! surface is well coat$ ) ! ink4 ,n[ place x 9 clean cold wat] = ?ree or f\r h\rs1 !n ) a s(t #adf sponge remove z mu* ( ! ink z w come away4 ,?is op]ation w take "t1 z e c>e mu/ be _h n to scrat* ! film4 ,n[ r9se ! plate "u ! tap & all[ x to dry4 ,:5 dry soak x 9 cold wat] = half an h\r1 !n place x on ! press 7an ord9>y lett] press71 & ) a sponge & s(t clo? remove ! sup]flu\s wat] f ! film2 !n roll up ) a lea!r roll] *>g$ ) li?o4 transf] ink z ?ick z c be work$4 ,:5 ! image is prop]ly ink$ up pull a transf] ^u good ,scot* transf] pap]4 ,p]haps ! fir/ two or ?ree pulls w n be satisfactory2 !re=e1 x w be be/ to pull a few be=e us+ ! transf] pap]1 damp+ & wip+ betwe5 ea* pull j 9 ! same way t is done 9 pr9t+ f a li?ographic /one4 ,a good transf] be+ obta9$1 x %\ld be giv5 to a li?ograph] to put x d[n ^u a gra9$ /one1 an op]ation :i* requires great skill & exp]i5ce4 ,! /ud5t's int]e/ w be be/ consult$ by n attempt+ to give a description ( h[ to transf] to a gra9$ /one4 ,ano!r =mula = a s5sitive coat+ = ! copp] plate is ,gelat9e #a ounce4 ,wat] #f ounces4 ,soak ! gelat9e till s(t2 !n melt1 & add "o dra*m ( bi*romate ( pota% 9 p[d]2 /ir until dissolv$2 add tw5ty gra9s ( good fre% dextr9e & let ! mixture cool to ab\t #abj ,f42 !n add "o dra*m ( liquor ammonia & six ounces ( alcohol4 ,! subsequ5t op]ation ( coat+1 etc41 is ! same z above4 #adg ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,husb&',s ,,papyrot9t ,,process4 ,?is is a process = ! production ( photo-li?ography 9 half-tone1 direct f ! negative1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( a collotype plate f :i* to pull ! transf]1 & is a di/9ct /ep 9 advance4 ,?is process has be5 nam$ papyrot9t1 be+ a modification ( ,capta9 ,abney's improv$ me?od ( photo-li?ography1 nam$ papyrotype4 ,x is specially adapt$ to ! reproduction ( subjects 9 half-tone1 su* z ar*itectural draw+s 9 mono*rome1 or subjects f nature1 & x is inexp5sive4 ,its advantages ov] o!r me?ods ( half-tone photo-li?ography are1 t a transf] c be tak5 9 greasy ink1 = transf] to /one or z9c direct f any negative1 h[ev] l>ge1 )\t ! aid ( a m$ium1 ! gra9 or reticulation be+ obta9$ simply by a *emical *ange4 ,! transf] pap] be+ 9 direct contact ) ! negative1 ! result+ pr9ts are %>p] ?an by ^? processes :]e int]pos$ m$ia are us$2 :il/ ! same negative w answ] ei!r = a silv] pr9t1 plat9otype1 or a transf] = z9c or /one4 ,! advantage ( be+ able to use a non-rev]s$ negative is v great1 n[ t gelat9e plates h s l>gely sup]s$$ ^? made ) collodion4 ,! me?od ( manipulation is z foll[s3 ,any good surface pap] is float$ twice on a ba? compos$ ( ,gelat9e 7,nelson's ,flake7 #h ounces4 ,glyc]9e #a-a_/b ounces4 ,*loride ( ,sodium 7,common ,salt7 #b ounces4 ,wat] #ej ounces4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! solution is n ov]heat$1 & t ! pap] is coat$ )\t bubbles4 ,x is !n dri$ 9 a temp]ature ( #fj ,f4 ,! pap] w take ab\t t5 h\rs to dry1 & 9 ?is /ate w keep = ye>s4 ,:5 requir$ = use1 x %\ld be s5sitiz$ by float+ on1 or imm]s+ 91 a ba? ( ,bi*romate ( ,pota% #a ounce4 ,*loride ( ,sodium #a_/b ounce4 ,f]ridcyanide ( ,potassium #ajj gra9s4 ,wat] #cj ounces4 #adh ,?is ne$ n be done 9 a d>k-room1 z ! solution is n s5sitive to light4 ,! pap]1 aft] s5sitiz+1 is dri$ 9 a temp]ature ( #gj1 & 9 a d>k room4 ,:5 dry1 x is expos$ "u any half-tone negative1 9 ! ord9>y pr9t+ frame4 ,x is pref]able to pr9t 9 sunlight1 &1 = negatives ( m$ium d5sity1 an exposure ( ?ree m9utes is requir$2 b ! exposure w v>y accord+ to ! d5sity ( ! negative4 ,! correct "t ( exposure c be/ be judg$ by look+ at ! pr9t 9 ! frame4 ,:5 ! image appe>s on ! transf] pap] ( a d>k fawn color1 on a yell[ gr\nd1 ! transf] is suffici5tly pr9t$4 ,x is put into a ba? ( cold wat] = ab\t t5 m9utes1 until ! soluble gelat9e has tak5 up its full quantity ( wat]2 !n tak5 out1 plac$ ^u a flat piece ( /one1 glass1 or z9c plate1 & ! surface dri$ ) blott+ pap]4 ,! action ( ! light has be5 to r5d] ! p>ts to :i* x has p5etrat$ ?r\gh ! negative p>tly insoluble1 & at ! same "t granulat$4 ,a h>d transf] ink is n[ us$1 compos$ ( ,:ite ,virg9 ,wax #a_/b ounce4 ,/e>9e #a_/b ounce4 ,common ,res9 #a_/b ounce4 ,^! are melt$ toge!r 9 a crucible ov] a small gas-jet1 & to !m are add$ f\r ounces ( *alk pr9t+ ink1 & ! mixture r$uc$ to ! consi/5cy ( cream ) spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,a s(t sponge is saturat$ ) ?is mixture & rubb$ g5tly ov] ! expos$ pap] 79 ?is /age ! nature ( ! gra9 c be be/ se574 ,an ord9>y lett]-press roll]1 *>g$ ) a little ink f ! ink+ slab1 is !n pass$ ov] ! transf]1 caus+ ! ink to adh]e firmly to ! p>ts affect$ by ! light1 & remov+ x f ! p>ts unact$ ^u4 ,x w be f\nd t ) practice1 roll+ sl[ly & c>efully z a lett]-press pr9t] w\ld 8 =m1 ! ink w be remov$ by ! roll] accord+ to ! action t has tak5 place by light1 leav+ ! %ad[s fully *>g$ ) ink1 & ! high lights almo/ cle>1 ! result be+ a gra9$ transf] 9 greasy ink4 ,! transf] is next put into a weak ba? ( tann9 & bi*romate ( pota% = a few m9utes1 & :5 tak5 out ! surplus solution %\ld be c>efully dri$ (f betwe5 clean %eets ( blott+ pap]4 ,! transf] is hung up to dry1 & :5 ?or\ghly dry1 ! :ole ( ! /ill s5sitive surface %\ld be expos$ to light = ab\t two m9utes4 ,a weak solution ( oxalic acid %\ld be us$ = damp+ ! #adi transf] 7ab\t #a 9 #ajj71 & ?is %\ld be appli$ to ! back ( ! transf] ) a s(t sponge4 ,aft] x has be5 damp$ ab\t f\r times1 x %\ld be c>efully put betwe5 clean %eets ( blott+ pap]1 & ! surplus moi/ure remov$4 ,a cold poli%$ /one is !n set on ! press1 & :5 ev]y?+ is ready ! transf] is plac$ on ! /one & pull$ ?r\gh twice4 ,! /one or scrap] is !n rev]s$1 & ! transf] is aga9 twice pull$ ?r\gh4 ,a mod]ate pressure & a h>d back+ %eet %\ld be us$1 c>e be+ tak5 n to increase ! pressure aft] ! fir/ pull ?r\gh4 ,! transf] is tak5 f ! /one )\t damp+1 :5 x w be f\nd t ! ink has left ! pap] clean4 ,gum up ! /one 9 ! usual way1 b1 if possible1 let ! transf] rema9 a few h\rs be=e roll+ up4 ,d n wa% x out ) turp5t9e1 & use middle v>ni% to ?9 d[n ! ink4 ,x %\ld h be5 m5tion$ t v>y+ degrees ( f95ess ( gra9 c be giv5 to ! transf] by add+ a little m f]ridcyanide ( potassium 9 ! s5sitiz+ solution1 & dry+ ! transf] pap] at a high] temp]ature1 or by heat+ ! pap] a little be=e exposure1 or by add+ a little hot wat] to ! cold wat] ba?1 aft] ! transf] has be5 fully expos$2 ! high] ! temp]ature ( ! wat]1 ! co>s] ! gra9 w be4 ,! f9] gra9 is be/ suit$ to negatives f ,nature1 :5 a consid]able am\nt ( detail has to be %[n4 ,! co>se gra9 is be/ = subjects 9 mono*rome1 or l>ge negatives f ,nature1 ( ar*itecture1 etc41 :]e ! detail is n s small4 ,ev5 f ! f9] gra91 sev]al hundr$ copies c be pull$1 z _m z #abjj hav+ be5 pull$ f a s+le transf]4 ,x w\ld h produc$ a great _m m if requir$4 #aea ,,"p ,,vi4 ,,collographic ,,pr9t+4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,half-,,tone ,,photographic ,,negatives4 ,9 all ! processes & me?ods treat$ ( up to ,"p ,,iii41 ! photographic negative has be5 :at may prop]ly be t]m$1 a black & :ite negative1 ! l9es be+ r5d]$ cle>1 & ! portions repres5t+ ! :ites ( ! orig9al be+ z ne> black z possible4 ,! extremes ( cle>ness & opacity 9 ^! negatives are obta9$ by hav+ ! nitrate ( silv] ba? kept & work$ 9 a v acid /ate2 !n ! opacity is obta9$ by int5sify+ ) a solution ( m]cury foll[$ by ammonia4 ,n[ = ! me?ods to be treat$ ( 9 ?is "p4 ,an entirely diff]5t class ( negative is requir$ 9 :i* ! half-tones are fully pres]v$1 bo? 9 ! %ad[s1 & 9 ! lights4 ,^! half-tone negatives may be made ei!r by ! wet collodion process1 or ^u ord9>y gelat9e dry plates4 ,= produc+ !m by ! wet collodion process1 directions are giv5 on page #aa4 ,9 ! processes treat$ 9 ,"p ,,ii4 ! aim has be5 to get ! photographic half-tone brok5 up 9 su* a mann] t ! picture c\ld be reproduc$ by ! same means z an ord9>y wood block1 b 9 collographic pr9t+ ! half-tones are n 7visibly7 brok5 up1 ! gelat9e hold+ ! ink 9 exact proportion to its exposure to light1 !reby giv+ a pr9t ) ! smoo? gradations ( an ord9>y photograph4 ,! collographic me?ods are call$ 8heliotype0 & collotype4 ,!y are analog\s 9 pr9ciple1 b diff] 9 detail2 ! heliotype is pr9t$ f a film ( gelat9e1 :i*1 aft] be+ dri$ ^u a plate ( glass1 is /ripp$ (f1 expos$ to light "u a rev]s$ negative1 !n m\nt$ ^u a plate ( pewt] to support x dur+ ! op]ation ( pr9t+ f4 ,! collotype pr9t+ surface is ! film ( gelat9e ^u ! glass or metal plate ^u :i* x 0 dri$4 ,note also ! diff]5t pr9t+ me?ods4 #aeb ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,heliotype ,,process4 ,a heliotype pr9t is made 9 an ,albion or o!r type-pr9t+ press1 f a film or sk9 ( bi*romat$ gelat9e1 :i*1 hav+ be5 dri$ ^u a plate glass 7f9ely gr\nd & wax$71 is /ripp$ (f1 !n expos$ to light 9 an ord9>y pr9t+-frame1 "u a rev]s$ negative1 !n remov$ f ! frame1 laid face d[n ^u a piece ( black velvet1 & ! back ( ! sk9 expos$ to light = a %ort "t4 ,! sk9 is next m\nt$ ^u a pewt] plate1 coat$ ) a ?9 film ( ,india-rubb]1 & plac$ ^u ! b$ ( ! press1 :]e ! sk9 is cov]$ ) wat] f a sponge1 & is all[$ to soak = tw5ty or ?irty m9utes4 ,x is !n ink$ up1 fir/ ) "o roll]1 & !n ) ano!r ( a slightly diff]5t composition2 ! m>g9 ( ! sk9 is !n cov]$ ) a mask1 ) a suitable op5+ cut 9 x1 !n ! pap] t is to receive ! image is put into position ^u ! mask4 ,! picture is !n pr9t$4 ,! above is a r\gh outl9e ( ! process2 n[ = ! work+ details4 ,fir/ ( all1 x w be necess>y to und]/& t ! gelat9e sk9 f :i* ! picture is pr9t$ mu/ be ( su* a size z to all[ a m>g9 outside ! actual picture ( at lea/ two in*es all ar\nd1 s t ! roll]s us$ 9 ink+ up w n ov]lap ! m>g91 & /rip ! sk9 away f ! pewt] plate ^u :i* x is m\nt$4 ,= pictures #aj by #ab1 & "u1 a conv5i5t size = ! heliotype sk9 w be #ba in*es by #ae in*es1 s ! pres5t *apt] w treat entirely ( sk9s #bb by #af1 & ! sizes ( roll]s1 etc41 giv51 z well z =mulas = quantities ( gelat9e1 etc41 w be ^? mo/ suitable = t size ( sk92 s if l>g] sk9s are adopt$1 ! quantities "h giv5 mu/ be modifi$ accord+ly4 ,! fir/ consid]ation w be ! app>atus & mat]ials necess>y4 ,! fir/ ?+ t comm&s att5tion is ! press--an ,albion or o!r typographic h& press--7! pressure necess>y to pr9t f a heliotype sk9 mu/ be v]tical1 n scrap+1 !re=e a li?ographic press w n d74 ,! press mu/ h ! b$ fitt$ ) sev]al ?icknesses ( ,kamptulican suffici5t to ne>ly br+ a %eet ( ?ick z9c type high--8ne>ly0 is said1 because #aec due all[ance mu/ be made = ! pewt] plate 7"o-eigh? ( an in* 9 ?ickness7 ^u :i* ! heliotype sk9 is m\nt$4 ,inside ! tympan place a piece ( good blanket1 & also provide a loose blanket to lay ov] ! pap] :5 plac$ 9 position = receiv+ ! impression4 ,! press mu/ be fa/5$ d[n to ! floor1 z pl5ty ( pressure w be requir$ 9 pr9t+2 a b5* w be requir$ close to ! press1 ^u :i* ei!r "o l>ge ink+ slab or two small ones c be plac$1 z well z ! /ock ( pr9t+ pap]s1 & a di% ( wat]4 ,a c\ple ( good sponges are also requir$1 z well z a supply ( ?ick plate pap]1 to blot (f ! sup]flu\s wat]4 ,,! ,,roll]s4 ,! quality ( ! pr9t f a heliotype sk9 dep5ds greatly ^u hav+ good roll]s at h& = ink+ ! image2 !re=e1 ! prep>ation ( ! roll]s 7two7 mu/ be made ) e c>e4 ,get ! usual pr9t+ (fice patt]n1 ) h&les 9 ! c5tre4 ,! /ocks ( ^! roll]s are to be coat$ ) ,india-rubb] sponge1 ^u :i* is ca/ a mixture ( gelat9e1 etc4 ,fir/ ( all1 procure two #ab-;in* roll]s ) h&les complete1 & get ! /ocks coat$ ) ,india-rubb] sponge a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick2 !n1 ) /rong tw9e tie d[n ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* f ea* end1 trimm+ (f ! edges outside ! /r+1 s z to make !m nice & r\nd2 n[ place "o ( ! /ocks 9 position ^u ! base socket ( a #ae-;in* seamless roll] m\ld1 !n c>efully sme> ! inside ( ! m\ld ) a rag saturat$ ) :ale oil 7tak+ c>e t ! :ole ( ! surface ( ! m\ld is sme>$ ) ! oil72 n[ place ! m\ld 9 position ov] ! /ock1 put ! loose socket 9 position at ! top1 :5 x is ready = receiv+ ! composition = ! ink+ roll]1 made z foll[s-- ,scot* ,glue #a p\nd4 ,gelat9e #a p\nd4 ,soak all night 9 suffici5t cold wat] to cov] x4 ,9 ! morn+ squeeze out ! sup]flu\s wat]1 & 9 a suitable size glue kettle1 8,ba9e ,m>ie10 or a j> plac$ 9 a pan ( wat]1 melt ov] a fire or ,buns5 burn]1 !n add #a p\nd ( gre5 treacle1 mix1 & add #b ounces ( ca/or oil1 #a ounce ( glyc]9e2 /ir well until all are ?or\ghly mix$1 !n p\r into a w>m jug1 & f ! jug p\r into ! m\ld z g5tly z possible2 :5 ! m\ld is full1 take a piece ( wood1 & tap ! outside ( ! m\ld all r\nd1 f bottom to top4 ,t w cause any air bubbles t may be imprison$ 9 ! mixture to rise #aed to ! surface2 !n1 if ! mixture 9 sett+ %\ld %r9k1 p\r 9 m until ! m\ld is q full4 ,n[ all[ to /& = #ab or #ah h\rs1 !n remove ! m\ld f ! block1 ! socket f ! top ( ! m\ld1 !n g5tly pu% ! roll] out4 ,if due precautions h be5 tak51 x ought to come out q smoo?4 ,if x does n1 ! composition mu/ be melt$ (f 9 hot wat]1 & ! roll] reca/4 ,composition = ! cle>+ roll]--,scot* glue1 #a p\nd2 gelat9e1 #b p\nds2 gre5 treacle1 #a_/b p\nd2 ca/or oil1 #b ounces2 glyc]9e1 #a ounce4 ,! glue & gelat9e are soak$ z be=e1 !n melt$ & mix$ ) ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,! /ock 7cov]$ ) ,india-rubb] sponge7 is plac$ inside ! greas$ m\ld1 & ! roll] ca/ exactly z be=e4 ,! roll]s be+ pu%$ out ( ! m\ld1 trim ! ends squ>e ) ! ends ( ! /ock1 !n dip ! ends ( ea* roll] 9 hot wat] plac$ 9 a sauc] to a dep? ( half an in*1 until ! composition is slightly s(t5$4 ,9 ?is condition ! %>p edges are r\nd$ (f ) a damp clo? w\nd r\nd ! f+]s4 ,! object ( ?us r\nd+ ! edges is to prev5t ! roll] m>k+ ! picture :5 roll+ up ! image4 ,^! roll]s are n fit = use directly aft] ca/+1 b %\ld be plac$ on ! h&les1 & wa%$ ) turp5t9e on a slab1 !n all[$ to hang = two or ?ree days1 & occasionally wa%$ ov] ) a rag dipp$ 9 alcohol4 ,:5 9 use ! ink+ roll] %\ld nev] be wa%$1 b if ! ink ^u x requires clean+ (f1 x %\ld be done by roll+ x ^u a clean piece ( h>d pap]4 ,:5 put away aft] a job1 ! roll] %\ld be coat$ ) fatty ink4 ,cle> x = "w next "t by roll+ x on ! pap]4 ,! cle>+ roll] w require keep+ free f a sup]fluity ( ink by wa%+4 ,in/ead ( mak+ ! roll] composition1 & ca/+ roll]s1 "s ( ! high class composition sold = type pr9t+ may be us$1 or ! roll]s may be obta9$ ready ca/1 :i* w1 p]haps1 be f\nd f> m economical 9 ! long run4 ,,prep>ation ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,roll]s4 ,lea!r roll]s :5 new %\ld fir/ ( all be w>m$ 9 front ( a brisk fire1 & :5 w>m rubb$ ) a piece ( ,russian tall[ until ! lea!r w n absorb any m4 ,!n all[ ! roll] to /& twelve h\rs #aee & repeat ! op]ation2 !n take "s middle v>ni%1 sme> "s ( x along ! roll]1 & on a clean slab roll vigor\sly1 & repeat ! op]ation two or ?ree times1 scrape ! roll] ) ! gra91 !n roll up 9 v>ni%1 all[ to /& all night1 scrape aga91 roll up aga9 next day1 scrape1 !n roll up ) collotype ink1 scrape & roll up1 repeat+ ?is until ! roll] takes ! ink ev5ly4 ,aft] ea* "t ( us+1 scrape ! roll] be=e putt+ away1 & if1 aft] us+1 ! roll] is likely to be "s "t be=e be+ want$ aga91 aft] scrap+ sme> x ) ,russian tall[1 & wrap x up 9 pap]1 scrap+ x be=e roll+ x up 9 ! ink aga94 ,glue roll]s %\ld be hung up aft] use 9 a cold place1 & be=e be+ put away %\ld be coat$ ) fatty ink1 & j be=e us+ %\ld be roll$ clean ^u a piece ( r fluffy pap]2 wa%+ glue roll]s 9 turp5t9e is n to be recomm5d$1 z x t5ds to h>d5 !m1 & deprives !m ( _! fe$+ quality4 ,glue roll]s c be b\ght ready ca/1 & x is advisable to s buy !m2 any deal] 9 typographic mat]ial w supply !m ( a suitable quality1 if ! purpose = :i* !y are requir$ be /at$ at ! "t ( ord]+4 ,! 8durable0 composition be+ v good = collographic pr9t+1 x may be pur*as$ & us$ = ! roll]s1 = pr9t+ f a heliotype sk91 in/ead ( ! mixture giv5 previ\sly4 ,= roll] ,no4 #b1 add two ounces ( gelat9e previ\sly soak$ 9 cold wat]1 & z mu* wat] squeez$ out z is possible1 !n add ?is to ! 8durable0 composition1 & /ir until ! gelat9e is melt$ & well incorporat$ ) ! composition4 ,^! roll]s may be ca/ ^u ! b>e /ock1 )\t ! ,india-rubb] sponge1 if pref]r$1 b ! ,india-rubb] sponge makes ! roll] mu* light] = use1 :i* is a great consid]ation :5 long numb]s are pr9t$ /raight away4 ,^! rem>ks are applicable to ! roll]s us$ 9 ! "w describ$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]s4 ,too mu* c>e _c be giv5 to ! roll]s4 ,! skill$ pr9t] :o has feel+ = 8 "w w soon le>n to reg>d 8 roll]s z ! magic w&s :i* produce 8 results4 ,& well he may4 ,! ink us$ = heliotype pr9t+ is ! be/ *alk ink z pur*as$ 9 t9s1 br\ght to work+ consi/5cy by mix+ ) l>d1 ! two +r$i5ts be+ well mull$ on ! slab4 ,v>ni% mu/ n be us$1 l>d be+ ! be/4 ,cocoanut & olive oil are also good4 #aef ,,heliotype ,,sk9 is compos$ ( a mixture ( gelat9e1 glyc]9e1 *rome alum1 bi*romate ( pota%1 & wat]1 dri$ ^u a slab ( ?ick plate glass4 ,! surface ( ! plate glass mu/ be v f9ely gr\nd ) em]y p[d] 7great c>e be+ tak5 t !re are no scrat*es or holes1 or !y w spoil ! sk971 !n ?or\ghly clean$1 & wax$ ) a solution ( beeswax 9 b5zole1 a good plan be+ to fir/ ( all sme> ! glass ) ! wax1 & !n poli% z mu* (f z possible ) an old l95 du/] 7clean71 !n spr9kle ) clean b5zole1 & ) a fre% du/] poli% ! plate ?or\ghly1 not+ well t wax m>ks w spoil ! sk94 ,?is wax+ ne$ n be done e "t a sk9 is made1 b at int]vals ( e ?ree or f\r sk9s4 ,! wax$ glass requires levell+1 s t ! gelat9\s mixture w set ( an ev5 ?ickness2 !re=e1 a levell+ /& mu/ be provid$1 z well z a good & true _s level4 ,! gelat9\s mixture is dri$ 9 an ov5 7see ,dry+ ,ov5 9 *apt] on ,collotype71 at a temp]ature n exce$+ #hj ,f41 ! "t occupi$ be+ f ?irty to =ty h\rs4 ,,! ,,pewt] ,,plate4 ,! sk9 aft] exposure to light "u ! negative1 etc41 is m\nt$ by means ( a squeegee ^u a plate ( pewt] #ba by #ae by #a_/h ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 & well poli%$4 ,?is plate is clean$ ) b5zole & coat$ ) a solution ( ,india-rubb] 9 b5zole 7well filt]$7 & dri$4 ,,! ,,mask4 ,to prev5t ! m>g9 ( pap] ^u :i* ! ink picture is pr9t$1 be+ dirti$1 x is necess>y1 aft] roll+ up1 to lay a mask ov] ! sk91 ?is mask hav+ an op5+ 9 ! c5tre ! size ( ! picture4 ,pap] suitable = ?is purpose is made by coat+ bank-po/ pap] ) a mixture ( "o "p ( gold size1 & two p>ts boil$ oil2 ?is mixture is laid on ! pap] ev5ly ) a sponge1 !n hung on a l9e to dry2 :5 dry x is ready = use4 ,,! ,,heliotype ,,sk94 ,to prep>e a sk9 #bb by #af1 weigh out two ounces ( a good gelat9e1 & soak x 9 t5 ounces ( cold wat] until s(t1 !n place x 9 ! porcela9 #aeg vessel ( a 8,ba9 ,m>ie10 ! out] vessel be+ duly provid$ ) ! requisite quantity ( cold wat]2 n[ place x ov] ! fire or ,buns5 burn]1 & /ir until ! gelat9e is j melt$1 !n add two dra*ms ( glyc]9e2 /ir well1 s z to mix ?or\ghly1 & raise ! temp]ature to #abe ,f42 add two ounces ( solution ,no4 #a1 & two dra*ms ( solution ,no4 #b2 /ir well1 !n remove f ! fire or ,buns51 & /ra9 ?r\gh musl9 into a jug or beak]2 n[ tie ov] ! jug or beak] a clean piece ( musl91 :5 ! mixture is ready = p\r+ ^u ! gr\nd side ( ?ick plate glass1 wax$1 prop]ly levell$1 & slightly w>m$4 ,beg9 by p\r+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! plate1 & gradually enl>ge ! circle until all ! gelat9\s mixture is out ( ! jug or beak]1 !n ) a /rip ( clean c>d coax ! gelat9e to ! edges4 ,n[ exam9e ! film = air bubbles1 :i*1 if pres5t1 mu/ be remov$1 ei!r by prick+ ) a quill too?pick1 or by coax+ to ! edge ) a piece ( c>d4 ,z soon z ! mixture has ?or\ghly set 7:i* x soon does71 remove x to ! dry+ box4 ,( c\rse1 ! requisite quantity ( gelat9e = m ?an "o sk9 may be melt$ at once1 b x w be bett] only to /ra9 into ! p\r]1 f ! 8,ba9 ,m>ie10 suffici5t = "o plate at a "t1 rememb]+ t ! quantity n[ giv5 is = "o plate only2 !re=e1 if two1 ?ree1 f\r1 or m plates are to be dri$ at once1 ! quantities giv5 above mu/ be increas$ accord+ly4 ,! /ock solutions nam$ above are comp\nd$ z foll[s3 ,no4 #a4 ,bi*romate ( ,pota% #a ounce4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,no4 #b4 ,*rome ,alum #a ounce4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,! temp]ature ( ! dry+ box mu/ n exce$ #hj ,f41 & ! "t occupi$ w be f ?irty to =ty h\rs1 dur+ ! :ole ( :i* "t ! temp]ature mu/ be /eadily ma9ta9$1 b n exce$$4 ,:5 ! sk9 is dry1 ) ! po9t ( a p5knife sep>ate ! edges f ! glass1 & !n lift ! sk9 away1 :5 x is ready = exposure to light "u ! negative4 ,if x is desir$ to keep ! sk9s a few days be=e us+1 !y may be /or$ betwe5 %eets ( dry br[n pap] 9 a draw]1 or 9 a t9 tube4 #aeh ,x w be j z well to rem>k "h t ! dry heliotype sk9s are s5sitive to light2 !re=e1 ! dry+ ov5 mu/ be 9 a room illum9at$ by yell[ light1 or by artificial light1 & ! sk9s mu/ n be expos$ to daylight until !y are 9 ! pr9t+ frame4 ,,pr9t+ ,,! ,,picture4 ,! heliotype sk9 is n[ ready = exposure "u ! negative1 :i* is done 9 a pr9t+ frame #bd by #ah in*es1 provid$ ) a plate glass front4 ,! negative mu/ be rev]s$ 7i4 e41 in/ead ( be+ tak5 direct 9 ! usual way1 a rev]s+ mirror is us$74 ,! m>g9 ( ! negative mu/ be protect$ by a mask1 ) an op5+ cut ! size & %ape ( ! int5d$ picture1 ! outside edges ( ! mask be+ suffici5t to cov] ! re/ ( ! sk94 ,to pr9t1 ! back ( ! negative is clean$1 !n laid ) ! film upp]mo/1 9 ! c5tre ( ! plate glass front ( ! pr9t+ frame2 ! mask is !n laid 9 position1 ! op5+ 9 ! c5tre be+ adju/$ s t exactly ! am\nt ( picture requir$ w be pr9t$ ^u ! sk94 ,! re/ ( ! sk9 is protect$ f ! action ( light by ! opaque m>g9 ( ! mask4 ,n[ lay ! sk91 ) ! matt surface 7i4 e41 ! side t 0 9 contact ) ! gr\nd side ( ! glass plate dur+ ! process ( dry+7 next ! film ( ! negative2 ^u ?is lay a piece ( dry black velvet1 !n a %eet ( ?ick felt1 !n ! back ( ! pr9t+ frame1 fa/5 up1 turn x ov] & see t ! front ( ! glass is clean2 !n ! frame is ready = exposure to light4 ,,exposure ,,to ,,light %\ld be made 9 a good diffus$ light1 & its duration tim$ by means ( an act9omet] 7see page #ajg74 ,z ! "t ( exposure to light w v>y accord+ to ! quality ( ! negative1 no precise rule c be made1 ! be/ way be+ to get a small negative z ne> ! same d5sity z ! o!r1 cut (f a piece ( ! sk91 & plac+ x 9 a frame1 expose to light at ! same "t z ! big frame1 & occasionally exam9e ! progress ( ! small /rip ( sk9 9 ! d>k room4 ,a v good idea ( ! exposure ( ! big "o c ?us be _h4 ,a heliotype sk9 is prop]ly pr9t$ z soon z ! details 9 ! half-tones %[ !mselves4 ,( c\rse1 x %\ld be und]/ood t ! small negative mu/ be expos$ to light at ! same "t & place z ! big "o4 #aei ,,sunn+ ,,! ,,back ,,( ,,! ,,sk94 ,! exposure to light "u ! negative be+ complet$1 remove ! sk9 f ! pr9t+ frame1 & lay x ) ! side t has j be5 9 contact ) ! film ( ! negative1 ^u a piece ( black velvet1 cov]+ ! m>g9 ( ! sk9 outside ! picture ) /rips ( br[n pap]--^! /rips n q t\*+ ! picture2 n[ cut (f a /rip ( ! sk91 say a qu>t] in* wide by "o in* long1 & d\ble x l5g?ways1 !n cut a hole 9 a piece ( br[n pap] & place ! d\bl$ piece ( sk9 "u x4 ,n[ remove ! sk9 to diffus$ light1 & z soon z ! %ape ( ! hole c be se5 ^u ! und]mo/ half ( ! small /rip1 ! sunn+ ( ! sk9 has gone f> en\gh1 & x is ready = m\nt+ ^u ! pewt] plate4 ,! te/ "h giv5 = tim+ ! sunn+ ( ! expos$ sk9 is suitable1 :5 a good ord9>y negative has be5 us$1 b if a negative some:at flat1 or ?91 has be5 us$1 !n less sunn+ w be requir$1 & if a v int5se negative1 ! "t ( sunn+ mu/ be increas$1 ! object ( ! sunn+ be+ to r$uce ! relief caus$ by deep %ad[s4 ,,m\nt+ ,,on ,,! ,,pewt] ,,plate4 ,! pewt] plate ^u :i* ! expos$ & sunn$ heliotype sk9 is m\nt$ = pr9t+ f1 mu/ be well poli%$1 free f scrat*es or o!r m>ks1 ! size be+ #ba by #ae by #a_/h ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,?is plate is poli%$ ) a s(t du/]1 !n coat$ ) a solution ( ,india-rubb] 9 b5zole 7ab\t ! consi/5cy ( sweet oil71 ! solution be+ p\r$ on1 & fl[$ to ! corn]s & edges2 !n ! plate is plac$ ^u a levell+ /&1 & ! ,india-rubb] all[$ to dry4 ,?is ,india-rubb] solution is made by dissolv+ ,india-rubb] solution1 z sold 9 t9s at any ,india-rubb] w>eh\se1 9 b5zole or b5zol9e4 ,:5 ! solution is made x mu/ be filt]$ ?r\gh pap]1 or /ra9$ ?r\gh five or six ?icknesses ( f9e musl91 z ! pres5ce ( any grit betwe5 ! surface ( ! pewt] & ! sk9 w\ld at once ru9 ! picture4 ,! ,india-rubb] film be+ dry1 place ! pewt] plate 9 a tray ( clean wat]1 ! wat] be+ ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* deep2 n[ trim ! sk9 ) a %>p pair ( scissors to a little small] ?an ! pewt] 7#bj-a_/b by #ad-a_/b71 !n lay ! sk91 face up1 ^u ! surface ( wat]1 & at once lift ! pewt] plate f ! wat]1 keep+ ! sk9 9 position by grasp+ ! two top corn]s ) ! two =ef+]s4 ,n[ lay ! pewt] on ! b5*1 & #afj ) a nice1 s(t squeegee br+ ! sk9 into contact ) ! ,india-rubb] film4 ,?is m\nt+ mu/ be done rapidly1 z if ! sk9 gets a *ance ( absorb+ wat] x w frill1 & be spoilt4 ,! back m]ely requires moi/5+1 & ! squeegee1 9 expell+ ! wat]1 br+s x into contact ) ! ,india-rubb] film4 ,n[1 ) ! squeegee1 remove all ! wat] f ! plate1 & !n bru% r\nd ! edges ) "s ,india-rubb] solution1 s z to r$uce ! *ance ( wat]1 to be us$ subsequ5tly1 f gett+ "u ! sk94 ,,pr9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,sk94 ,n[ place ! pewt] on ! b$ ( ! press1 & ) a clean sponge cov] ! picture ) clean1 cold wat]1 9 suffici5t quantity to =m a pool ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* deep1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! wat] does n ext5d z f> z ! edges ( ! sk94 ,! wat] is all[$ to rema9 on ! sk9 = five m9utes2 x is !n soak$ up1 & a fre% supply add$1 & ?is op]ation is repeat$ at int]vals = tw5ty or ?irty m9utes1 ! object be+ to p>tly remove ! bi*romate1 & also to all[ ! gelat9e t has n be5 r5d]$ insoluble by ! action ( light1 to absorb suffici5t wat] to enable x to repel ! ink f ! roll]4 ,:5 x is judg$ t ! image has be5 suffici5tly soak$1 ) ! sponge remove z mu* wat] z possible1 !n lay a clean %eet ( pap] ^u ! sk92 ^u ! pap] lay ! loose blanket1 l[] ! tympan1 run ! b$ ( ! press "u ! plat51 !n pull ov] ! lev]1 & subject to z mu* pressure z ! press w give1 all[+ ! pressure to 8dwell0 = a m9ute or two4 ,?is is to 8sma%0 d[n ! highe/ relief 9 ! sk91 :i*1 unless s sma%$ d[n1 w\ld int]f]e ) ! roll] fe$+ ! ink 9 ! deepe/ %ad[s4 ,! sk9 is n[ ready = ink+ up ) ,no4 #a roll]1 *>g$ ) ! be/ li?o4 ink mix$ ) a little l>d1 j suffici5t1 & no m1 to make ! /iff ink di/ribute on ! slab1 ! ink & ! l>d be+ ?or\ghly incorporat$1 ei!r ) a /iff palette knife or ) a mull]4 ,! ink & l>d be+ ?us well mix$ ^u ! slab1 ga!r up ! comp\nd & place x 9 "o corn] ( ! slab4 ,= ,no4 #b roll] take a portion ( ! above mixture & add to x a little m l>d1 & mix well1 !n place ?is 9 "o corn] ( ! o!r ink+ slab4 ,) ! palette knife t\* ! roll] ,no4 #a at %ort int]vals ) little dabs ( ! fir/ ink1 !n roll x vigor\sly on ! slab up & d[n1 & !n #afa across & sideways1 until ! ink is ev5ly di/ribut$ ov] ! roll] & ! slab2 n[ ) ! roll] proce$ to ink up ! image4 ,use pl5ty ( pressure1 & turn ! roll] fir/ "o way1 !n ! o!r1 until ! image %[s itself vigor\s & /rong4 ,n[ take ,no4 #b roll] *>g$ 79 ! same way z ,no4 #a7 ) ,no4 #b ink well di/ribut$ 7b d n use q s mu* z ) ,no4 #a71 & ) a light pressure g ov] ! ink$ image2 ?is ink+ w fill up ! light half-tones & clean up ! image g5]ally4 ,be=e pull+ an impression take a %eet ( mask pap] 7:i* mu/ be a little l>g] ?an ! pewt] plate71 & 9 ! c5tre cut a clean1 %>p op5+ ! size ! picture mu/ be4 ,?is mask1 ) ! oil$ side d[n1 is adju/$ 9 position on ! sk92 !n turn back ! edge fur!/ f ! op]ator1 & ^u ! extreme edge ( ! pewt] place a few small dabs ( /iff ink1 return ! m>g9 ( ! mask ov] ^! dabs ( ink1 & rub d[n2 ^! dabs ( ink s]ve to keep ! mask 9 position1 :5 turn$ back = ea* ink+ up4 ,if ! m>g9 ( ! mask pap] projects ov] ! pewt] plate1 & outside ! b$ ( ! press1 x mu/ be turn$ d[n1 else x w te> :5 ! b$ ( ! press is run 94 ,! mask be+ laid 9 position to protect ! m>g9 ( ! pr9t1 lay a piece ( matt enamel pap] on ! ink$ up & mask$ image1 back ?is fir/ ) a %eet or two ( clean blott+ pap]1 !n ) a loose blanket2 l[] ! tympan1 & run ! b$ ( ! press "u ! plat5 & pull ov] ! lev]4 ,! pressure requisite to pull an impression f a heliotype sk9 requires ! full /r5g? ( an ord9>y man to pull ov] ! lev]4 ,n[ exam9e ! pr9t1 & if x is flat & dirty1 ! sk9 has n be5 soak$ suffici5tly be=e ink+ up1 s remove ! ink left by ! pap] by wa%+ x ov] ) a rag soak$ 9 turp5t9e1 !n wa% ) a wet sponge1 blot (f ! surplus & ) ! sponge aga9 put a pool ( wat] ov] ! image1 & all[ x to soak = ab\t five m9utes2 aga9 wipe x (f ) a sponge1 sma% d[n & ink up aga94 ,if ! image is black & :ite )\t half-tones1 ! fault may lie 9 ! negative1 :i* p]haps is too h>d2 or if t is all "r1 !n ! sk9 has n be5 suffici5tly expos$ 9 ! pr9t+ frame1 9 :i* case x may be at once ?r[n away1 z no am\nt ( coax+ w make x yield a good pr9t4 ,or x may be t ! sk9 is too damp1 9 :i* case rub x g5tly ) ! wat] sponge1 on :i* a few drops ( alcohol h be5 spr9kl$2 !n blot (f1 ink up aga91 & pull ano!r pro(4 #afb ,if ! back ( ! sk9 is 8sunn$0 too mu*1 ! pr9t w suff] by be+ dirty & flat1 & w require spong+ ov] ) a little ( ! t5 p] c5t4 mixture ( ammonia 9 wat]2 !n blot (f1 & aga9 ink up2 take c>e & keep ! ammonia sponges away f ! o!r sponges4 ,if ! deep %ad[s %[ a :ite m>g9 & are difficult to ink up1 ! sk9 has be5 expos$ "u ! negative = too long a "t2 & if 8sma%+0 d[n does n rem$y ! defect1 ! only *ance ( sav+ x w be to all[ ! sk9 to get ?or\ghly dry1 & !n 7say ! next day7 to soak x up aga9 = an h\r4 ,spots on ! m>g9 ( ! pr9t may be remov$ by c>efully pa9t+ !m ov] ) a camel's-hair bru% *>g$ ) dilute cyanide ( potassium1 c>efully wa%+ aft]w>d to prev5t spread+4 ,ea* "t ! image is ink$ up1 ! mask mu/ be laid back1 s z n to int]f]e ) ! roll]2 !n aft] ink+ up1 x is aga9 laid 9 position1 s z to protect ! m>g9 ( ! pap] ^u :i* ! pr9t is made4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! fir/ pr9t f ! sk9 w n be ! be/ x is capable ( giv+1 !re=e1 be=e any ( ! above-nam$ dodges are resort$ to1 ! image %\ld be ink$ up & pro(s pull$ f\r or five times2 z a g5]ul rule p]fection w n be atta9$ until ab\t t5 or twelve pr9ts are made1 us+ ea* "t a good pap]1 z a s(t spongy "o w n pick up ! ink on ! sk94 ,( c\rse1 a pla9 black ink w n suit e class ( subject1 !re=e1 :5 ! op]ator requires a diff]5t t9t or color1 x mu/ be made by a judici\s bl5d+ ( /iff ink ( ! prop] colors mix$ ) l>d z giv5 above4 ,:5 a di/9ct *ange ( color is requir$1 x is n a good plan to wa% ,no4 #a roll]1 b h a sep>ate ,no4 #a roll] = ea* color4 ,no4 #b roll] may be wa%$ = su* a purpose4 ,if x is desir$ to pr9t two t9ts1 ! d>ke/ t9t is appli$ ) ! ,no4 #a roll]1 ! lighte/ ) ! ,no4 #b roll]4 #afc ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,collotype ,,process4 ,?is process1 r\ghly describ$1 consi/s 9 c>efully gr9d+ ) f9e em]y1 a plate ( ?ick glass1 !n coat+ x ) a mixture ( :ite ( egg1 or ( /ale be] & silicate ( soda4 ,aft] ! plate is dri$ x is r9s$ 9 wat]1 & dri$ aga91 !n w>m$1 & coat$ ) a ?9 film ( bi*romat$ gelat9e4 ,?is coat+ is !n dri$ 9 a suitable ov51 aft] :i* ! plate is expos$ to light "u a rev]s$ negative1 foll[$ by a %ort exposure ( ! back ( ! film to light1 !n wa%$ 9 cold wat] until ! :ole ( ! bi*romate is remov$ f ! film1 :5 ! plate is all[$ to dry4 ,x is next soak$ 9 cold wat]1 !n 9 a mixture ( glyc]9e & wat]1 aft] :i* x is plac$ ^u ! press1 & ! pr9t+ proce$$ )4 ,z 9 li?ographic pr9t+1 ! size ( ! pap] ^u :i* ! picture is pr9t$ det]m9es ! size ( ! /one ^u :i* ! transf] is made1 s z to give a good m>g91 n only l>ge en\gh to prev5t ! pap] be+ m>k$ by ! edge ( ! /one1 b also to all[ pl5ty ( room = work+ ! roll]2 s 9 collographic pr9t+1 ! glass plate ^u :i* ! picture is to be made mu/ be suffici5tly l>ge to all[ a m>g9 ( at lea/ f\r in*es all r\nd ! outside ( ! picture4 ,?is is n only requisite = ! reasons t hold good 9 li?o4 pr9t+1 b = ! additional "o ( giv+ pl5ty ( room = ! manipulation ( ! mask us$ to protect ! m>g9 ( ! pr9t4 ,collographic plates %\ld also be suffici5tly l>ge to prev5t _! edges f cutt+ ! composition roll]s us$ = ink+ ! image2 = in/ance1 a roll] n9e in*es long %\ld nev] be us$ ^u a plate less ?an twelve in*es wide4 ,collographic films are made ^u good pat5t plate-glass half an in* ?ick1 free f scrat*es1 ) ! edges nicely bevell$ to avoid cutt+ ! roll]s2 ?is bevell+ ! plates is absolutely necess>y = use ^u ! ma*9e1 b is n s important = ! h& press4 ,to prep>e plates = use !y are fir/ gr\nd ) f9e em]y p[d]4 ,to d ?is place "o plate ^u a smoo? bo>d or a c\ple ( be>]s across ! s9k1 spr9kle ) f9e em]y p[d] 7sift$ ?r\gh book musl971 !n ) #afd wat]4 ,n[1 ) ano!r plate on ! top1 proce$ to gr9d ) a circul> motion1 cont9u+ ! gr9d+ until ! em]y is worn smoo?2 !n r5ew ! supply ( em]y1 spr9kle ) wat] & aga9 gr9d until ! em]y is smoo?2 n[ "w well ) wat]1 squeegee dry1 & exam9e ! surface2 if x is ev5ly gr\nd ! plates are ready = ! next /age4 ,if !y are n gr\nd all ov]1 cov] !m aga9 ) em]y & wat]1 & cont9ue to gr9d until ! surfaces are ( an ev5 matt all ov]4 ,! plates be+ gr\nd1 !y are well r9s$ "u ! tap1 & bo? sides are well rubb$ ) a rag to free !m f all p>ticles ( grit1 etc41 !n flood !m ) a mixture ( ,liquor ,ammonia #a ounce4 ,alcohol #a ounce4 ,wat] #e ounces4 rub ?is well 9 ) a clean rag1 & aga9 well wa% ) clean wat]1 !n all[ to dra9 & flood ) ,,! ,,prelim9>y ,,coat+ ,,( ,/ale ,be] #e ounces4 ,wat] #e ounces4 ,silicate ( ,soda 7,wat]glass7 #b ounces4 made up an h\r or two be=e us+1 & filt]$4 ,! wet plate is cov]$ ) ?is two or ?ree times1 & !n plac$ on a rack to dry4 ,:5 all ! plates 9 ! bat* are coat$ ! rack %\ld be remov$ to ! dry+ ov5 & ! plates dri$ 9 sit1 n ly+ d[n4 ,be z c>eful z possible to prev5t any ( ! be] & silicate mixture f gett+ on ! back ( ! plate1 z x int]f]es ) ! runn+ ( ! image aft]w>d4 ,plates may be prep>$ ) ! prelim9>y coat+ 9 quantity1 z ! coat+ h>d5s & improves by be+ kept4 ,:5 ! coat+ on ! plates is q dry r9se !m "u ! tap & aga9 dry !m1 ?is "t q spontane\sly4 ,la/ly1 !y are plac$ ^u ! slab ( ! dry+ ov5 to get suffici5tly w>m be=e be+ coat$ ) ! s5sitive mixture4 ,! s5sitive mixture mu/ be made exactly z foll[s1 z ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ! "t & temp]atures nam$3 ,fir/ ( all1 take ?irty ounces ( pure wat] & add t5 drops ( a saturat$ solution ( *rome alum2 %ake up well & all[ to /& t5 m9utes2 if ! wat] is v slightly opalesc5t1 x is #afe q satisfactory1 b if !re is any t+e ( gre5 !n too mu* *rome alum has be5 us$1 & x mu/ be ?r[n away & ano!r lot made4 ,!n add two & "o-half ounces ( f9e gelat9e & all[ x to soak until s(t1 !n place x 9 ! 8,ba9e ,maire0 & melt ! gelat9e1 /irr+ all ! "t4 ,raise ! temp]ature to #abe ,f4 & keep x ?us = fifte5 m9utes2 next add #aej gra9s ( bi*romate ( potassium 9 f9e p[d]1 /irr+ until dissolv$1 & raise ! temp]ature to #aej ,f4 ,/ra9 ! mixture ?r\gh musl9 into a porcela9 j> & all[ x to cool1 keep+ x 9 jelly at lea/ twelve h\rs be=e us+ x4 ,?is s5sitive mixture does n "w well if us$ to coat plates ) directly x is made2 !re=e1 x mu/ be made up "s "t 9 advance4 ,x keeps well1 9 fact improves1 ) keep+1 up to ab\t sev5 days4 ,9 remelt+ = use1 only melt j suffici5t = ! plates to be coat$1 z x does n improve x to melt x too (t54 ,plates coat$ ) ! above mixture are dri$ at a temp]ature ( f #ajj to #abj ,f4 9 f two h\rs to ?ree h\rs1 & h a spl5did gra94 ,"h is ano!r =mula ! mixture f :i* does n keep1 b mu/ be made & us$ directly4 ,x is ! =mula mo/ frequ5tly us$ by ! writ]4 ,plates prep>$ ) x c be dri$1 at l[] temp]atures1 9 f tw5ty to fifty m9utes4 ,x is also ! be/ =mula :5 copp] plates are us$ in/ead ( glass1 ( :i* m5tion w be made at ! end ( ! *apt]4 ,soak two & "o-half ounces ( gelat9e 9 fifte5 ounces ( wat] until q s(t1 !n place all 9 ! 8,ba9e ,maire0 & melt at z l[ a temp]ature z possible2 :5 melt$ add #ajj gra9s ( bi*romate ( pota% & #ej gra9s ( bi*romate ( ammonia bo? 9 f9e p[d]1 /irr+ until dissolv$2 n[ put 9 ! !rmomet]1 & raise ! temp]ature to #adj ,f4 & keep x !re = t5 m9utes2 !n all[ to cool to #abe ,f4 & add ! foll[+ mixture1 /irr+ vigor\sly ! :ile3 fifte5 ounces ( alcohol & five ounces ( a saturat$ solution ( borax 9 alcohol4 ,mix ! two be=e p\r+ !m into ! hot gelat9e4 ,) "s gelat9es ! addition ( ?is mixture w cause a slight coagulation ( ! gelat9e1 & x w /ick to ! /irr+ rod2 !re=e1 ! solution mu/ be /irr$ until ! coagulat$ gelat9e is r$issolv$2 !n /ra9 x ?r\gh musl9 into ! p\r] & at once use x by p\r+ x ov] ! w>m plates4 ,"o ( ! be/ vessels to use z a p\r] is an invalid's cup ) a sp\t at ! side4 ,! above quantity ( mixture is suffici5t = sixte5 plates #af #ac in*es2 #aff !re=e1 if only f\r are to be coat$1 :i* is ! quantity t ! dry+ ov5 to be describ$ w take1 ! above quantities mu/ be divid$ by f\r4 ,n[ if ! fir/ =mula be us$1 take suffici5t ( ! jelly1 melt x & /ra9 x ?r\gh musl92 !n take "o ( ! plates f ! dry+ ov5--:i* plate %\ld be j w>m en\gh to be com=tably held on ! palm ( ! h&--c>efully bru% x ov] ) a du/+-bru%1 s z to remove any p>ticles ( du/ t may h adh]$ & balanc+ ! plate on ! palm ( ! h&1 p\r ov] x suffici5t ( ! w>m gelat9e to j cov] x4 ,a #af #ac plate w take a little less ?an two ounces ( ! gelat9e mixture4 ,take c>e n to spill any4 ,next place ! plate ^u ! hot slab1 & coat ! re/ 9 ! same way4 ,:5 all are done close ! door ( ! ov5 & d n op5 x aga9 until ! plates are dry4 ,) ! second =mula ! modus op]&i is ! same1 except1 ( c\rse1 t in/ead ( melt+ ! already made jelly1 ! mixture made z above direct$ is us$ directly aft] mix+4 ,! plates be+ dry !y are ready = exposure1 :i* ne$ n necess>ily take place at once1 z if /or$ away 9 ! d>k & away f damp !y w keep two or ?ree weeks4 ,! exposure to light is made 9 a box-patt]n frame1 ! negative hav+ a mask 9 front ( x to protect ! m>g9 ( ! plate f ! light4 ,! negative us$ mu/ be rev]s$--i4 e41 ! image mu/ be 9 its "r position on ! negative :5 view$ ?r\gh ! film1 n z ord9>y negatives are--?r\gh ! glass2 !re=e1 a mirror mu/ be us$ 9 mak+ ! negative1 or a sk9 negative may be us$2 or1 if nei!r is practicable1 ! negative mu/ be reproduc$ by "o ( ! me?ods already giv54 ,! exposure to light 9 ! pr9t+ frame w v>y accord+ to ! d5sity ( ! negative1 & ! /r5g? ( ! light1 & %\ld be cont9u$ until ! image c be se5 well def9$ ^u ! gelat9e film :5 exam9$ 9 ! d>k-room1 by op5+ "o-half ( ! back ( ! frame4 ,! exposure be+ complete1 lay ! pr9t+ frame face d[n ^u a table 9 ! light1 remove ! back & pack+1 & expose ! back ( ! film to ! light = a %ort "t1 )\t 9 any way di/urb+ ! position ( ! collotype plate or ! negative4 ,?is exposure ( ! back ( ! image to ! light has a tw(old advantage1 "o be+ t x helps to weld ! s5sitiz$ gelat9e film to ! surface ( ! plate1 & s enables x to /& ! we> & te> ( pr9t+2 ! o!r1 t x r$uces ! relief ( ! picture1 & s gives ! ink+ roll] a bett] *ance ( fe$+ ! deep %ad[s4 #afg ,! duration ( ! exposure ( ! back ( ! film to ! light w v>y v mu* ) ! subject 9 h&2 if x be "o ) slight contra/s1 a mu* %ort] "t w be requir$ ?an :]e ! picture conta9s a lot ( v heavy %ad[s4 ,! next /ep w be to remove ! plate f ! pr9t+ frame1 & imm]se x 9 clean cold wat] = five or six h\rs1 or = su* a "t z suffices to remove ! :ole ( ! bi*romate f ! film4 ,! plate is !n plac$ 9 ! rack to dry spontane\sly1 & %\ld be all[$ to /& = at lea/ twelve h\rs aft]w>d be=e pr9t+ f1 s z to give ! film a prop] *ance to become ?or\ghly h>d4 ,we n[ h a collotype plate :i* has und]gone ! foll[+ op]ations1 viz43 ,a plate ( ?ick glass gr\nd ) f9e em]y until ( an ev5 matt surface4 ,!n x is wa%$ & coat$ ) ! prelim9>y coat+ ( be] & silicate ( soda & dri$4 ,!n r9s$ 9 cold wat] & aga9 dri$4 ,next plac$ on ! w>m slab ( ! dry+ ov5 until j w>m en\gh to hold on ! palm ( h&4 ,!n coat$ ) ! s5sitive mixture1 ei!r ,no4 #a or ,no4 #b1 & plac$ 9 ! ov5 until dri$4 ,!n expos$ to ! light "u a rev]s$ negative 9 a pr9t+ frame until ! details ( ! image are well out4 ,!n ! back ( ! plate is expos$ to ! light = a %ort "t4 ,!n x is plac$ 9 clean cold wat] until ! bi*romate is remov$4 ,at la/ ! plate is dri$1 aft] :i* x is ready = ! pr9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,n[1 be=e proce$+ fur!r1 x w be z well to t\* ^u v>i\s po9ts ( proc$ure1 & also to describe :at may be reckon$ ! mo/ important piece ( a collotype plant1 viz41 ! dry+ ov54 ,figure #ag gives a draw+ ( ! ov5 z x /&s on ! table = use1 ! #afh dim5sions be+ f ! top to ! bottom ( ! frame #e feet by #c feet #d in*es wide by #c feet deep4 ,! top ,a1 & ! back1 are cov]$ ) mat*$ bo>ds well season$2 ! sides & front1 ,b1 ,b1 ,b1 ,b1 are made ( frames #b in*es by #a in*1 cov]$ ) canvas suffici5tly close to exclude light1 b /ill op5 en\gh to let out ! heat sl[ly4 ,! door ,c is also a frame cov]$ ) canvas1 #bd in*es squ>e1 slid+ upw>d 9 grooves1 & balanc$ by means ( weights4 ,d is ! jacket ( iron ^u :i* a copp] tank re/s1 ! jacket s]v+ to c>ry ! tank & to protect ! wood-"w f ! gas flame us$ to w>m ! wat] 9 ! tank4 ,e is a slid+ door 9 ! jacket = ! purpose ( light+ ! gas burn]4 ,f ,f are ! project+ ends ( a levell+ arrangem5t =m+ ! base ( ! ov51 ^! ends be+ fitt$ ) good1 /rong screws work+ ^u iron plates let into ! top ( a /rong table ^u :i* ! ov5 is plac$4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! two l[] rails or /yles is #f in*es1 :i* is also ! height ( ! iron jacket4 ,d ,g is a tube let into ! jacket to c>ry (f ! products ( combu/ion f ! gas4 ,h is a tube ) a screw nozzle1 = fill+ ! tank4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,figure #ah is ! base ( ! ov51 ,a ,a ,a be+ ! ?ree po9ts :]e ! levell+ screws are plac$2 ?is base is =m$ ( good #d by #c in* qu>t]+1 ! o!r dim5sions be+ z m>k$4 ,?is base /&s on ! table1 ! ov5 on ! top1 )\t any fa/5+s4 #afi ,figure #ai1 ! jacket ( %eet iron well wir$1 ) a tube at "o corn]1 = c>ry+ (f ! products ( ! combu/ion ( ! gas1 & a hole at ! o!r corn] to c>ry ! project+ tube f ! tank1 by :i* x is fill$4 ,figure #bj1 ! copp] tank1 ! outside dim5sions ( :i* are #cg by #ca in*es1 ! flange fitt+ on top ( ! jacket2 ! dep? ( ! tank 9 ! c5tre is #c in*es2 ! inlet pipe is #a in* bore1 & #f in*es long1 ! b5d be+ tak5 high en\gh to be ab\t #b in*es above ! top ( ! tank4 ,! base is plac$ ^u ! table1 !n ! iron jacket on ! top ( ! base2 !n ! copp] tank is fitt$ into ! top ( ! jacket2 ^u ! top ( ! tank is plac$ a slab ( m>ble or slate #cg-a_/b by #ca-a_/b in*es1 cem5t$ by means ( pla/]-(-,p>is4 ,! wood5 top ( ! ov5 is fitt$ into position1 ! canvas be+ nail$ on la/4 ,b1 be=e do+ ?is1 x w be z well to fix ! be>]s z at ,c ,c ,c1 ,fig4 #ba1 ) correspond+ ones on ! o!r side1 s t slats may be plac$ across = ! purpose ( hold+ heliotype plates1 & = dry+ transf] pap]1 etc4 ,! int]/ices betwe5 ! edges ( ! slab & woodwork %\ld be made good1 ei!r by means ( wood5 la?s or cem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,! ov5 be+ erect$1 ! fir/ ?+ to d w be to fill ! copp] tank ) wat]2 !n level ! slab by means ( ! screws1 or if ! bottom ends ( ! base are %od ) %eet iron1 w$ges may be us$ to level )4 ,! dry+ ov5 mu/ be kept 9 a room at a uni=m temp]ature ( ab\t #fj ,f4 ,9 us+ ! ov5 aft] ! plates are dry 7aft] r9s+71 place a piece ( clean1 dry1 br[n pap] ^u ! slab1 !n place on ?is pap] f\r plates #af by #ac in*es--:i* are ! size & quantity = :i* ! dim5sions ( ! ov5 h be5 calculat$2 !n place a !rmomet] betwe5 ! plates1 & close ! ov54 ,aft] ! wat] has be5 br\ght to boil1 ! plates w be ready = coat+2 b1 if ! !rmomet] regi/]s ov] #abj1 turn (f ! gas1 coat ! plates1 aga9 close ! door1 & let ! plates dry4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s ! /ud5t mu/ d is to famili>ize himself ) ! ov54 ,note ! "t tak5 to br+ ! wat] to boil2 ! temp]ature ( ! #agj slab1 & ! "t tak5 = ! temp]ature to fall aft] turn+ (f ! gas4 ,a day sp5t at ?is w tea* f> m ?an x is possible to d by writ+4 ,d n try to improve ! ov5 by hav+ ! door to op5 any o!r way ?an by slid+4 ,if made to op5 9 or out1 a draught ( air is creat$ :i* w cause mis*ief4 ,petroleum1 in/ead ( gas1 may be us$ = heat+ ! wat]4 ,in/ead ( us+ glass plates = c>ry+ ! collotype film1 copp] or brass plates may be us$4 ,!y %\ld be gra9$ ) f9e sift$ gra9+ s& & a /one mull]1 !n wa%$ ) pl5ty ( fre% wat]1 & coat$ ) ,/ale ,be] #e ounces4 ,wat] #e ounces4 ,silicate ( ,soda 7syrup7 #b ounces4 ,tann9 #a gra94 ,prep>e ! mixture ?ree or f\r h\rs be=e us+1 & filt] x c>efully4 ,! subsequ5t op]ations are ! same z ) glass1 except t ! sunn+ ( ! back ( ! film mu/ be disp5s$ )1 & ! second =mula = ! bi*romat$ gelat9e mixture mu/ be us$1 z ! fir/ "o gives too high a relief = copp]4 ,plates t h be5 us$ are clean$ aga9 = fur!r trial1 by imm]s+ !m 9 a pickle ( ,am]ican pota% or conc5trat$ lye1 !n well wa%+1 regr9d+1 wa%+1 & f9ally coat+ ) ! be] & wat]-glass sub/ratum1 exactly z be=e m5tion$4 #aga ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pr9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,collotype ,,plate4 ,collotype plates are usually pr9t$ f1 ^u a typographic press1 b ! be/ press is "o ) a cyl9d]1 l ! li?ographic ma*9es4 ,su* presses give a m ev5 pressure1 & at ! same "t w enable m impressions to be made 9 a giv5 "t4 ,9 ! *apt] on heliotype pr9t+1 a description is giv5 = prep>+ ! tympan = pr9t+ f ! heliotype sk91 & t description holds good = collotype plates2 b we %all require a slate slab1 ! full size ( ! b$ ( ! press1 & a little "u half an in* 9 ?ickness1 ^u :i* to fix ! collotype plate by means ( pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,! press be+ ready1 take ! dri$ plate1 & soak x = half an h\r 9 clean cold wat]4 ,aft] t wipe x ) a clean s(t rag1 & scrape any gelat9e f ! back t may h f\nd its way !re2 spread z ev5ly z possible "s f9e pla/] ( ,p>is ov] ! slate slab on ! b$ ( ! press1 !n damp ) suffici5t wat] to make ! pla/] ! consi/5cy ( cream1 & lay ! damp collotype plate 9 ! c5tre1 & press x well d[n1 work+ x a little s z to get x level & well b$d$ 92 all[ ! pla/] to =m a ridge all r\nd ! edges outside ! plate1 levell+ ^! ridges by runn+ ! f+] ov] ! moi/ pla/]1 s t !y d n project above ! face ( ! plate4 ,n[ cov] ! collotype plate ) a mixture ( ,glyc]9e #e ounces4 ,wat] #aj ounces4 ,ox-gall a little4 ,all[ ?is fifte5 m9utes to p]meate ! film1 tak+ c>e t x cov]s ! :ole ( ! surface ev5ly4 ,:il/ ! plate is ?us soak+ up1 get ! ink+ slab clean1 & ! two roll]s ready1 viz43 ,an ord9>y li?ographic roll]1 = ink+ up ! heavi] portion ( ! image1 & a composition roll] = ink+ ! half-tones & cle>+ ! image2 !n mix ! ink to ! desir$ %ade by tak+ "s /iff ink f ! t91 & mix+ to ! prop] consi/5cy ) a little olive oil4 ,! ink mu/ n be made ?91 b j suffici5tly s(t5$ to "w up ) #agb ! palette knife4 ,! ink us$ mu/ be v f9ely gr\nd by ma*9]y ) a m9imum ( olive oil4 ,?is1 9 h& gr9d+1 is difficult to d1 & ! pres5ce ( too mu* v>ni% 9 ! ink is prejudicial to ! production ( bright collotype pr9ts4 ,! ink be+ mix$1 a little is tak5 up on ! po9t ( a palette knife & sme>$ along ! face ( ! lea!r roll] & !n work$ vigor\sly ^u ! ink+ slab1 until ! ink is ?or\ghly di/ribut$ ^u bo? roll] & slab4 ,d n attempt to ?9 ! ink s z to less5 ! labor ( di/ribut+ ! ink1 z t w only r5d] ! collotype pr9t flat & weak4 ,! ink mu/ be /iff & sp>e4 ,n[ remove ! soak+ fluid ) a v s(t sponge1 & blot (f ) f9e plate pap]1 !n proce$ to roll up ) ! lea!r roll]1 until ! image j %[s nicely on ! plate4 ,d n attempt to get x to take suffici5t ink to look black4 ,next take ! composition roll]1 & a little ink ?9n$ ) l>d to ab\t half ! consi/5cy ( t us$ ) ! lea!r roll]1 & t\* x "h & !re ) ! palette knife hold+ ?is ?9n] ink1 & roll up on ano!r slab until ! ink on ! slab & roll] are q ev52 n[ apply ! composition roll] to ! image ink$ up by ! lea!r roll]1 & roll ) a light pressure & quick motion4 ,?is w complete ! ink+ up ( ! image4 ,n[ take a piece ( ! mask pap] m5tion$ = heliotype pr9t+1 & hav+ cut out a suitable ap]ture1 place x 9 position ^u ! plate1 !n put a piece ( pap] 9 position ^u ! mask2 ^u ?is pap] fix a l>ge %eet ( smoo? wa/e pap]1 !n loose ! blanket1 l[] ! tympan1 run ! b$ ( ! press "u ! plat51 & aft] adju/+ ! pressure1 pull ov] ! lev]1 run out ! b$1 & exam9e ! pro(4 ,f t d$uce :e!r ! ink is too ?91 or too ?ick1 or n en\gh1 or too mu*4 ,damp ) a sponge dipp$ 9 wat]1 !n blot (f or remove ! surface wat] ) a damp s(t rag1 !n ink up aga91 & repeat until a suitable pr9t is ! result4 ,"s collotype blocks require ! ink f> ?9n] ?an o!rs1 !re=e x w be ! aim ( ! pr9t] to try v>i\s degrees ( ink ) ea* plate until ! be/ result is atta9$4 ,! be/ pr9ts are got1 z a rule1 f a roll] t seems to h v little ink ^u x1 b ! ink ?or\ghly well di/ribut$ ov] bo? slab & roll]4 ,to pr9t f a collotype plate x is necess>y t ^? portions ( ! film :i* h n be5 expos$ to ! light--& f !m 9 proportion z ! gradation ( tone progresses to ! %ad[s--mu/ be *>g$ ) moi/ure to enable !m to resi/ ! greasy ink2 if pla9 wat] be us$ = ?is x w\ld #agc be tr\blesome to get suffici5t 9 ! film to resi/ ! ink1 & at ! same "t enable ! roll] to fe$ ! image )\t slipp+4 ,!re=e glyc]9e is us$1 mix$ ) wat]1 & ) v>i\s hygroscopic sub/ances1 to :i* ! t]m 8et*+ fluids0 has be5 giv54 ,?is t]m is a misnom]1 & q out ( place1 8damp+ fluids0 be+ ! be/4 ,9 addition to ! damp+ fluid previ\sly giv51 a few o!rs are "h app5d$1 ea* hav+ _! advantages "u c]ta9 conditions3 ,glyc]9e alone or ) wat]4 or1 ,glyc]9e #e ounces4 ,wat] #e ounces4 ,hyposulphite ( ,soda #a_/b dra*m4 or1 ,glyc]9e #e ounces4 ,wat] #e ounces4 ,nitrate ( ,pota% #a dra*m4 or1 ,glyc]9e #e ounces4 ,wat] #e ounces4 ,ammonia #aj drops4 or1 ,glyc]9e #e ounces4 ,wat] #e ounces4 ,common ,salt #cj gra9s4 or1 ,glyc]9e #e ounces4 ,wat] #e ounces4 ,*loride ( ,lime #a dra*m4 ,! la/ "o mu/ only be us$ :5 x is desir$ to take away a t9t1 & if us$ too (t51 w be v likely to de/roy ! image altoge!r4 ,dur+ ! pr9t+ f a collotype block1 ! numb] ( impressions t may be pull$ )\t r$amp+1 w v>y v mu* ) ea* block4 ,sometimes z _m z eight or t5 may be pull$1 b ! av]age w n exce$ two4 ,z soon z !re is a t5d5cy to flatness1 take a sponge conta9+ a little ( ! damp+ fluid1 & g ov] ! film ) x1 !n wipe x (f #agd ) ano!r sponge1 or a piece ( damp clo? 7s(t71 !n blot x (f ) a piece ( good blott+ pap]1 & ink up aga94 ,9 fact1 z a rule1 x is be/ to damp = ea* pr9t4 ,good pr9t+ pap] mu/ be us$ = collotype pr9ts1 & = v f9e "w a f9e neat enamel pap] w be be/4 ,co>se h&-made pap]s1 h[ev] mu* admir$1 mu/ soon break up ! delicate image4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,i w describe ano!r dry+ ov51 ! heat+ arrangem5t ( :i* is ! same z ! o!r1 b ! sup]/ructure is mu* small]4 ,x w require m c>e dur+ ! "t ! coat$ plates are dry+ to keep ! temp]ature d[n1 b x has ! advantage ( all[+ a !rmomet] be+ ins]t$ 9 ! lid 9 su* a mann] z to all[ ! temp]ature ( ! int]ior be+ se5 at a glance4 ,/ill ano!r advantage is1 x takes up mu* less room4 ,x measures inside #ah in*es wide by #cb in*es long1 & #i in*es deep to ! top ( ! slab4 ,! ?ickness ( ! slate slab & ( ! copp] tank %\ld be ! same z 9 ! l>g] ov52 ! lid at ! top %\ld be made solid & h an orifice 9 ! c5tre ?r\gh :i* ! !rmomet] is pu%$4 ,! sides ( ! ov5 %\ld be cov]$ ) "o or two ?icknesses ( good r$ flannel4 ,! only ?+ t calls = p>ticul> att5tion 9 ^! ov5s is ! copp] tank1 :i* %\ld 7especially ! top7 be made ( good1 /\t %eet copp]1 o!rwise ! wat] on be+ heat$ has a t5d5cy to make ! copp] bulge1 & elevate ! slab4 ,by t means ! c>e :i* %\ld be tak5 9 levell+ ! slab w be lo/1 z ?is elevation w put x all out4 ,be=e putt+ ! sup]/ructure 9 position1 ! slab mu/ be cem5t$ to ! top ( ! copp] tank by means ( pla/]-(-,p>is2 ?is is important1 z a mu* m ev5 heat is ?us obta9$4 ,n[1 :i*ev] ov5 is decid$ ^u1 x mu/ be erect$ 9 a room free f draught1 :]e x c be kept at a temp]ature ( #gj ,f41 z ! quality ( ! collotype plate is mu* influ5c$ by ! temp]ature ( ! room 9 :i* x is prep>$4 ,s1 too1 is ! ov5 9 :i* x is dri$1 especially if bel[ #fj1 = !n x is v difficult to get good results1 z ! plate *ills :5 tak5 f ! ov51 & ! film is almo/ sure to prove rott5 dur+ ! pr9t+4 #age ,9 ! summ] "t1 if ! room gets too hot1 ! gelat9e solution is apt to get fro?y1 & !n dry h>d & glossy1 in/ead ( ) a nice half-mat surface4 ,x is !n be/ to prep>e ! plates only 9 ! e>ly morn+4 ,! temp]ature at :i* to dry ! collotype plates w v>y accord+ to ! subject to be pr9t$ ^u !m1 z "s subjects w require a f9] gra9 ?an o!rs4 ,b a few intellig5t exp]im5ts w soon enable ! op]ator to judge ( ! temp]ature requir$2 #ge ,f4 is ! l[e/1 & #abj ,f4 ! highe/ temp]ature giv+ good1 bright blacks4 ,"o ( ! great secrets 9 collotype is to give a d\ble coat+ to ! plate4 ,i f9d x really a great advantage s to d4 ,i f\nd ?is out q by accid5t4 ,"o day1 :5 ,i w5t to use "s plates1 ,i f\nd t !y _h n be5 prop]ly levell$1 & t ! coat+ 0 ?9 at "o end1 & ?ick at ! o!r4 ,?is happ5$ to ?ree out ( a bat* ( f\r1 ! o!r "o be+ all "r2 s1 9 a fit ( laz9ess1 or hurry1 or some?+1 ,i decid$ on recoat+ ! ?ree1 & did s4 ,:5 ,i came to pr9t f ! ?ree twice coat$ & ! "o once coat$1 ,i 0 agreeably surpris$ at ! diff]5ce2 ! pictures on ^? twice coat$ 7 mu* m vigor\s4 ,s9ce !n ,i h tri$ ! exp]im5t exactly1 & always get ! same uni=mly excell5t results4 ,! second coat+ is appli$ z soon z ! fir/ is dry2 b ?is second coat _c be appli$ s well if ! plate be held on ! h&1 !re=e a levell+ /& %\ld be us$1 & ! gelat9e p\r$ on ! c5tre & coat$ ov] ! surface by means ( a glass rod4 ,! prop] quantity ( gelat9e solution requisite = a plate #af by #ac in*es is #b ounces = ea* coat4 ,note well t all ( x is left on ! surface ( ! plate1 n "s on ! table4 ,:5 once ! coat$ plates h be5 plac$ 9 ! ov51 & ! lid is clos$ d[n1 !y mu/ n be di/urb$ until !y are dry2 ?is w be 9 two or ?ree h\rs1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! coat+ ( gelat9e4 ,if remov$ be=e !y are dry1 !re is dang] ( m>k+ ! film4 ,aft] ! second coat+ ( gelat9e is dri$1 ! plate w be all ! bett] if kept a few h\rs be=e be+ pr9t$ ^u1 c>e be+ tak5 to /ore x 9 ! d>k1 or some:]e free f damp & gas fumes4 ,by ! bye1 ! ov5 mu/ be plac$ 9 a room illum9at$ by yell[ light--i4 e41 daylight filt]$ ?r\gh yell[ glass1 clo?1 or pap]2 or else ! room mu/ be light$ by gas or oil light4 ,! negative to be pr9t$ f %\ld h all ! p>ts t are int5d$ #agf to be q :ite 9 ! f9i%$ pr9t1 /opp$ out ) ,india ink or ,gihon's opaque1 & ! limit ( ! picture %\ld be mask$ by v ?9 t9foil1 cut q /raight & gumm$ ^u ! film side ( ! negative4 ,! re/ ( ! m>g9 ( ! plate mu/ be protect$ by a br[n pap] mask4 ,! be/ pr9t+ frames = collotype pr9t+ are ( ! box 7or 8deep07 patt]n1 ) plate glass fronts4 ,!y %\ld be ab\t two in*es deep1 & ! b>s beh9d q pla9--i4 e41 )\t ei!r screws or spr+s4 ,! back bo>d %\ld also be disp5s$ )1 ! pressure be+ got by means ( w$ges4 ,! advantage ( ^! frames is t ! picture c be exam9$ )\t undo+ ! back1 & )\t risk ( %ift+ ! plates4 ,aft] pr9t+1 ! plate %\ld be plac$ 9 a z9c vessel l a plate box fitt$ ) a siphon1 s t ! wat] c be kept con/antly *ang$1 until ! bi*romate is remov$2 !n ! plate is dra9$1 &1 aft] be+ wip$ ) a s(t clo?1 is put away to dry4 ,n[ !n1 beg9n]s1 d n be 9 a hurry to try y\r fir/ plate on ! press directly x is free f ! bi*romate1 z no plate w give a good result until x has be5 dri$ d[n4 ,be=e putt+ x on ! press1 soak x = half an h\r 9 wat]1 !n half an h\r 9 glyc]9e & wat] 9 equal p>ts1 &1 f9ally1 wipe x1 & proce$ to ink up ! press4 ,! safe/ plan is ! "o m5tion$1 viz41 b$d+ up slate ) pla/]-(-,p>is4 ,ano!r plan is to place on ! iron b$ ( ! press a piece ( ?9 felt1 !n a slab ( glass1 ^u :i* are plac$ two ?icknesses ( wet blott+-pap]2 ^u ^! place ! collotype plate 7! back ( :i* is free f any gelat9e t may h run ov] aft] coat+72 !n1 if a *ase be plac$ on ! press1 ! plate may be block$ 9 position by means ( a few pieces ( furniture tight5$ by means ( quo9s4 ,9 ! above only glass slabs are treat$ (2 b brass plates1 ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* ?ick1 w be f\nd saf]1 & m economical ?an glass1 & yield results j z good4 ,!y may be fix$ ^u a block ( h>d wood by means ( a screw 7c\nt]sunk7 at ea* corn]4 ,if an ord9>y type press is n at h&1 brass plates may be pr9t$ f ^u a li?o4 press4 ,:e!r ! plate w require damp+ ea* "t w dep5d greatly ^u ea* individual plate & ! subject4 ,) "s1 damp+ mu/ be done ea* "t2 ) o!rs1 once only = f\r1 six1 up to a doz5 pulls2 b1 ( c\rse1 ! temp]ature ( ! room 9 :i* ! pr9t+ is conduct$ w be an important factor 9 det]m9+ ?is po9t4 ,:5 ! pr9t is flat1 & ! :ites degrad$1 !n damp ! plate be=e aga9 ink+ up4 #agg ,to insure ev5 pr9ts1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep ! roll] well *>g$ ) ink4 ,mu* m c\ld be writt5 on ?is subject1 b practice w be ! be/ guide4 ,a ^w z to b$d+ ! glass slab on4 ,) a prop]ly prep>$ lea!r li?o4 roll]1 *>g$ ) ink mix$ ) a little olive oil & v>ni%1 br\ght to a work+ consi/5cy ) a mull] on a smoo? slab 7be sure t ! ink on ! roll] is ev5ly di/ribut$71 aft] wip+ ! plate c>efully ) a s(t1 damp clo?1 proce$ to ink up ! image sl[ly & c>efully2 !n1 :5 all ! ink possible has adh]$ to ! image1 take ! glue roll] & apply x ?ree or f\r times1 :i* w cle> ! image wond]fully4 ,n[ put ! mask 9 position--ei!r a cut-out1 or f\r n>r[ /rips ( bank-po/ coat$ ) gold size & oil1 & !n dri$--!n put a piece ( mat enamel pap] 9 position1 !n a piece ( common pr9t+ pap] on top1 !n a piece ( blanket2 l[] ! tympan1 run 9 ! b$1 & press1 &1 if ! pressure is n too mu*1 ! pr9ts w be j z good2 b1 if too mu* pressure be us$1 ! pap] w be creas$ & spoil$1 & ! collotype image is 9 dang] ( be+ cut4 #agh ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,new ,,home ,,pr9t+ ,,process4 ,!re is a me?od ( mak+ reproductions f photographs )\t any photograph+ process fur!r ?an t requir$ to supply ! pr9t4 ,any good photograph ) a matt surface may be trac$ ov] ) ! ink suppli$ = ! purpose by ! inv5tor ( ! process1 or ) ! ord9>y li?ographic autographic ink1 :i* comes 9 /icks l ,india-ink1 & !n ! sup]flu\s portions fad$ away 7or n7 z direct$ on a prec$+ page4 ,f t or f a crayon sket*1 music1 a writt5 lett]1 plans1 or circul>s1 9 fact1 f any?+ writt5 ) ! prop] ink ) a p5 or pr9t$1 reproductions may be made4 ,! pr9cipal appliances ne$$ are ! 8,univ]sal ,copy+ ,ma*9e0 & its accessories4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,:]e ! results desir$ ne$ n be ( z high a grade z ^? made by ! ,collotype processes1 or :]e !re is n "t to make a z9c et*+1 ?is me?od w s]ve a good purpose & produce satisfactory results4 ,! z9c plates us$ = et*+ w s]ve to hold ! transf]s4 ,! me?ods = clean+ ! plates1 already giv51 w s]ve "h also4 ,! ma*9e %\ld be securely fa/5$ to a table & ! be>+s mu/ be kept well oil$4 ,write1 draw1 or trace ! orig9al ) a /eel p5 & ! ink1 on well cal5d]$ pap]1 n too ?ick4 ,= draw+1 a f9e p5 is ! be/4 ,!n lay x1 writt5 side up1 9 a %all[ di%1 cov] ! pap] ) ! transf] solution1 leave x f f\r to five m9utes4 ,if ! writ+ is sev]al days old1 leave x long]--ab\t t5 m9utes4 ,lay x betwe5 blott+ pap] & dry g5tly by rubb+ ) ! h& or a clo?4 ,!n lay x1 writt5 side d[n1 ^u ! poli%$ plate1 pass x f f\r to six times "u ! iron roll]1 hav+ fir/ plac$ a pa/ebo>d ov] x4 ,to prev5t slipp+1 x is well to cov] ! orig9al ) a %eet ( blott+ pap] be=e putt+ ! pa/ebo>d #agi ov] x4 ,if y are n sure y\r press is screw$ up ev5ly1 run ! plate ?r\gh two or ?ree times1 !n turn x end = end & pass x ?r\gh z _m times ! o!r way4 ,illu/ration ,place ^u ! small di/ribut+ roll] z mu* pr9t]'s ink z w g ^u ! po9t ( a knife1 !n hold+ ! h&le ) ! left h&1 press x ^u ! ink+ roll]1 & turn ! crank1 mov+ ! di/ribut+ roll] f side to side1 until ! ink is ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,see t ! roll]s are an equal di/ance ap>t at ea* end1 s z to pr9t ev5ly4 ,! orig9al is n[ c>efully remov$4 ,aft] wa%+ ! plate g5tly ) a sponge & wat] & dry+ x1 also g5tly1 ) a clean clo?1 rub ! :ole pr9t$ or writt5 side ( ! plate1 by means ( a clo? or sponge1 ) mixture ,no4 #a1 n p\r+ ! mixture directly ^u ! writ+1 b ^u an unpr9t$ place ^u ! surface & rubb+ ov] ! :ole plate4 ,wa% (f imm$iately ) sponge & wat]1 & dry g5tly2 !n p\r ab\t tw5ty drops ( ,no4 #b ^u ! plate1 n directly ^u ! pr9t1 & rub ov] ! :ole surface1 s t !re is a ?9 coat+ ( x ov] ! :ole surface4 ,?is prev5ts ! ink f /ick+ to ! "p ( ! plate n cov]$ ) writ+ or pr9t4 ,if !re is too mu*1 ! pap] ( ! copies w be yell[1 & ! negative may be injur$4 ,n[ lay ! plate ^u ! pa/ebo>d & pass x "u ! ink+ roll] 7! pressure does n ne$ to be /rong72 x falls be=e ! iron roll]2 place a %eet ( clean pap] ^u ! negative1 lay a pa/ebo>d ov] x1 & pass x "u ! roll]4 ,= ! fir/ impression x is well to pass x "u sev]al times1 until ! negative comes out cle>ly & di/9ctly4 ,f "t to "t1 aft] e t5 or twelve impressions1 apply ,no4 #b2 if ! pap] us$ = pr9t+ is v co>se or por\s1 x may be necess>y to apply ,no4 #b (t5]4 ,z soon z ! impressions become fa9t1 apply a little m ink 9 ! mann] describ$4 ,aft] apply+ fre% ink1 apply ,no4 #b4 ,only :5 too mu* ink is put on or unev5ly di/ribut$1 or :5 ! plate is n cov]$ ) ! ?9 coat+ ( ,no4 #b1 or n prop]ly clean$1 c ! negative or plate become soil$4 ,if ?is %\ld happ5 f any ( ^! causes1 remove ! spots c>efully by means ( a clo? wet ) prep>ation ,no4 #b4 ,if ! ink h>d5s on ! roll]s remove x ) lye or wa%+ soda4 ,if y wi% to int]rupt ! "w1 ! plate mu/ be wa%$ ) a wet sponge1 to remove ! prep>ation1 & !n dri$ ) a clo?4 ,on us+ aga91 apply ,no4 #b1 z be=e4 ,if ! plate has n be5 us$ = sev]al days1 apply bo? ,no4 #a & ,no4 #b4 ,d n use wooll5 clo?s4 ,! mixtures ,no4 #a & ,no4 #b are suppli$ ) ! press4 #ahj ,?us x w be se5 t photographs may be reproduc$ by _m processes & 9 quantities to accommodate all sorts ( dem&s4 ,z an av]m5t ( :at ! future holds1 our book is br\ght to a close by ! foll[+ quotation f a rec5t issue ( a daily newspap]3 8,"s "t ago ! ,ev5+ ,po/ gave an acc\nt ( a new process by :i* books 7 be+ reproduc$ 9 ?is c\ntry directly f photographic plates1 & x 0 said t ! field = su* bus9ess w\ld probably gr[ 9 proportion to ! ease & c]ta9ty ) :i* ?is k9d ( "w c\ld be done4 ,"u ?is process ! mo/ important "w issu$ s f> has be5 sev5te5 volumes ( ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 ?is production be+ sold at half ! price ask$ = an ,am]ican repr9t already 9 ! m>ket1 & at "o-?ird ( ! price ( ! import$ book4 ,9 ord] to make ?is reproduction1 ! %eets ( ! ,engli% volume are c>efully photograph$1 & ! glass negative plac$ ov] a ?ick %eet ( specially prep>$ gelat9e & expos$ to ! sun4 ,:]ev] ! d>k film ^u ! glass negative prev5ts ! light f rea*+ ! surface ( ! gelat9e1 ?is sub/ance rema9s insoluble 9 wat]4 ,:]ev] ! light p5etrates1 ! gelat9e und]goes a *emical *ange :i* makes x soluble4 ,aft] an exposure to ! sun or electric light = "s m9utes1 ! gelat9e %eet is wa%$ ) wat] & ! result is a plate 9 relief1 e black l9e ^u ! glass negative be+ 9 high relief1 & ev]y?+ else wa%+ away "u ! sponge4 8,until ! la/ few ye>s1 x _h be5 v difficult to get ?is relief suffici5t to pr9t f1 b by improvem5ts 9 ! process effect$ by a numb] ( diff]5t inv5tors1 ?is result has be5 obta9$4 ,! gelat9e %eet hav+ be5 h>d5$1 an electrotype is made f x :i* is put into ! pr9t+ press4 ,ow+ to *ance1 ! gelat9e %eet itself 0 us$ "o day = pr9t+ f directly1 & x 0 f\nd t a l>g] numb] ( good copies c\ld be made f ! gelat9e direct ?an f ! h>de/ electrotype4 ,! only drawback to ! use ( ! gelat9e plate itself 9 ! pr9t+ press is its liability to crack1 = no reason t has z yet be5 discov]$4 ,if "s way is f\nd ( mak+ ! gelat9e plate durable1 x w\ld be us$ entirely 9 place ( an electrotype1 z x co/s almo/ no?+ & c be made quick] ?an an electrotype40 ,! way has be5 8f\nd0 & z9c et*+ is do+ ! "w4 ,f9ally1 ! essays ( ,john ,burnet1 8,on ! ,education ( ! ,eye10 8,on ,composition10 & 8,on ,light & ,%ade10 copies ( :i* are h>d to get = #ajj1 h rec5tly be5 reproduc$ by "o ( ! processes giv5 9 ?is book1 full size1 & is sold at #d4jj4 ,!re is a great future ahead = all process "w4 #aha ,,index4 ,acid1 lat]al action ( !1 #hj ,acids1 on ! use (1 #ajj ,act9omet]1 to make an1 #ajg ,air bru%1 gra9 ) !1 #ajj ,album51 coat+ ! z9c plate ) s5sitive1 #da et*+ 9 half tone1 #fi pr9t+ on ! z9c 91 #de ,album5iz$ z9c plate1 ink+ !1 #df ,album5iz+ ! glass plate1 #ba ,alcohol lamp1 !1 #ih ,all s\rces1 h9ts f1 #id ,app>atus et*+1 #ig = pr9t+ ^u z9c1 #ci ,appliances = mak+ negatives1 #i ,z to ! draw+1 #id ,au/rian me?od1 et*+ on1 #hd middle et*+1 #hg ,ba?1 ! nitrate ( silv]1 #ab1 #af1 #bg ,be]1 prelim9>y coat+ (1 #afd1 #agj ,bitum51 pr9t+ on z9c 91 #dh et*+ 9 half tone1 #gj image on z9c1 develop+ !1 #ej solution1 to make !1 #dh ,black process1 ,colas's1 #aji ,black5+ 9 ) a sponge1 #gh ,block1 pr9t+ f ! half tone1 #gb ,bo>d1 ! develop+1 #ada ,box1 ! be/ dry+1 #ii ,bridge1 ! calibre1 #ic ,calibre-bridge1 !1 #ic ,cam]a1 ! enl>g+1 #fg ,c>bon pr9t+1 #ajf tissue = reproductions1 #cb ,*isel+ illu/rat$1 #ij ,clean et*+1 #ia ,cle>+ solution1 !1 #ah ! glass1 #ba ,coat+ ! z9c plate ) s5sitive album51 #da ,colas's black process1 #aji ,collodion process1 ! wet1 #aa film1 protect+ !1 #bj /ripp+1 #cd ,collotype process1 !1 #afc s5sitiz+ solution =1 #afd film1 exposure at ! back ( !1 #aff exposure ( !1 #afe op]ations1 !1 #afg plate1 pr9t+ f !1 #aga ! f9i%$1 #fg process1 dry+ ov5 = !1 #afg1 #agd ,copp]1 mordants =1 #aab photo-engrav+ on1 #aai 9 l9e1 #aai relief1 mordants =1 #aac solution1 et*+ ) sulphate (1 #ajc ,damp+ fluids = collotype pr9t+1 #agc ,d>k-room1 !1 #be ,deep et*+1 #hi ,develop] = wet plates1 #bd = gelat9e dry plates1 #cj ,develop+ ! album5 image on ! z9c plate1 #db ! bitum5 image on ! z9c plate1 #ej ! pap] transf]1 #ach ,develop+-bo>d1 !1 #ada ,diff]5ce 9 processes1 !1 #aag ,direct transf]s to z9c1 #ea ,draw+1 transf] ( !1 #hc z to !1 #id treatm5t ( !1 #gc ,draw+s1 ,colas's process = reproduc+1 #aji = photo-engrav+1 #ea1 #gc ! rev]sal (1 #if ,dry plates 9 photo-engrav+1 #bi ,dry+-box1 ! be/1 #ii ,dry+ ov5 = ! collotype process1 #afg1 #agd ! z9c plate1 #db ,du/+-box1 !1 #abd ,du/+ sieve1 #ih ! transf]s1 #ed ,electrotype me?ods = half-tone intaglios1 #abg ,engrav+1 photo-1 9 half tone1 #fc ,enl>g+ cam]a1 !1 #fh ,et*+ app>atus1 #ig clean1 #ia clean+ !1 ) a scrap]1 #hh deep1 #hi illu/rat$1 #ij f9i%+ & m\nt+ !1 #ib fluids = collotype pr9ts1 #agc galvanic process (1 #aja 9 half-tone 7album571 #fi 7bitum571 #gj 9 relief1 high1 #ajd int]m$iate treatm5t1 #gi l9e transf]s1 #ee manipulations ( ! process (1 #ic middle1 ,au/rian me?od1 #hg & deep1 illu/rat$1 #hh mordants =1 #aji = electric1 #aac = relief1 #aac = t9t1 #aac = z9c1 #aae on copp]1 #aba ord] ( ! manipulations1 #hf r\nd1 #hh ! ,au/rian me?od1 #hd illu/rat$1 #hh ! fir/ z9c1 #eg ! ,fr5* me?od (1 #gf1 #hj ! second z9c1 #eh ) sulphate ( copp] solution1 #ajc z9cographic1 #aae ,expos$ z9c1 ink+ !1 #dd ,exposure & tim+1 #dc ( ! collotype film1 #aff at ! back1 #aff ,fad+ out ! photograph1 #if ,faults 9 /r5g!n+1 #gh ,f9i%+ & m\nt+ ! et*+1 #ib ,fix+1 solution1 !1 #ah ,fluids1 damp+1 = collotype pr9t+1 #agc et*+1 = collotype pr9t+1 #agc ,fr5* me?od ( et*+1 #gf1 #hj ,fur!r treatm5t ( ! transf]s1 #af ,galvanic process = et*+1 #ajb ,gelat9e dry plates 9 photo-engrav+1 #bi ,gillotage 7,gillot's process71 #aja ,glass1 album5iz+ !1 #bb plate1 !1 #ba silv]+ !1 = mirrors1 #cf ,gra9 on a negative1 to produce1 #ajj ,gra9$ negatives1 mak+1 #fe transp>5cies =1 #ff ,gra9+ ! z9c plate1 #dj ,half-tone photo-engrav+1 #fc et*+ 9 7album571 #fi 7bitum571 #gj block1 pr9t+ f !1 #gb intaglios1 #abb1 #abd photo-li?ography 91 #adc ,heliotype process1 !1 #aeb sk91 !1 #afj pr9t+ !1 #aeh m\nt+ on pewt]1 #aei ,high et*+ 9 relief1 #ajd du/+-box =1 #abd electrotype me?od =1 #abg ,h9ts f all s\rces1 #id ,husb&'s papyrot9t process1 #adg ,ink = transf]s1 h>d1 #ee ,ink+ ! expos$ z9c1 #dd transf]s1 #ed ,ink-photos1 #add ,intaglios1 half-tone1 #abb1 #abd du/+-box =1 #abd electrotype me?ods =1 #abg ,int5sifi]1 !1 #ah ,lamp1 ! alcohol1 #ii ,lat]al action ( ! acid1 #hj ,l9e1 photo-engrav+ 91 #i on copp] 91 #aai photo-li?ography 91 #abh ,l9e transf]s1 et*+1 #ef ink =1 #ef ,mak+ gra9$ negatives1 #fe ,manipulations 9 et*+1 ord] ( !1 #hf ,manipulations ( ! et*+ process1 #ic ,manipulations1 photographic1 #bd ,mask1 !1 #aef ,middle et*+1 ,au/rian me?od1 #hg ,fr5* me?od1 #hj ,mirror1 ! rev]s+1 #aj1 #ce ,mordants = copp]1 #aab = et*+1 #aji ,m\nt+ & f9i%+ ! et*+1 #ib ! cli*1 be=e1 #gi ! z9c et*+1 #fa ,negative pr9t+1 #if to produce gra9 on a1 #ajj transf] process1 ,toovey's1 #aci wa%+1 #ai1 #bh ,negatives1 appliances = mak+1 #i mak+ gra9$1 #fe scre5 = gra9$1 #fe ! reproduction (1 #ca transp>5cies = gra9$1 #ff ,nitrate ( silv] ba?1 !1 #ab1 #af ,ov5 = ! collotype process1 dry+1 #afg1 #agd us+ !1 #afh ,pap] transf]s1 #acb1 #acf develop+ !1 #ach s5sitiz+ solution =1 #acg ,papyrot9t process1 ,husb&'s1 #adg ,pewt] plate1 m\nt+ on !1 #aei !1 #aef ,photo-engrav+1 half tone1 #fc ,photo-engrav+ 9 l9e1 #i ,photograph1 fad+ out !1 #if ,photographic manipulations1 #bd negatives1 appliances = mak+1 #i ,photo-inks1 #add ,photo-li?ographic transf]s1 to develop1 #adj ,photo-li?ography 9 half-tone1 #adc 9 l9e1 #abi ,plate1 gra9+ ! z9c1 #dj ! glass1 #ba ! pewt]1 #aef ,poli%+ ! z9c1 #ci ,pomatum wax1 h[ to make1 #ha ,positives = negative reproduction1 #ca ,prep>ation ( ! roll]s1 #aed ,prep>+ ! pr9t+ press1 #agf ,pr9t+1 c>bon1 #ajf collographic1 #agb damp+ fluids =1 #agc et*+ fluids =1 #agc ,pr9t+ frame1 !1 #dc ,pr9t+ f ! collotype plate1 #aga f ! half-tone block1 #gb press1 prep>+ et*+s =1 #ajb prep>+ !1 #agf process1 ! new home1 #agh ! heliotype sk91 #afj ^u z9c1 app>atus =1 #ci 9 album51 #de 9 bitum51 #dh ,processes1 ! diff]5ce 91 #aag ,process1 ! collotype1 #afc ! heliotype1 #aeb ! wet collodion1 #aa ,protect+ ! collodion film1 #bj ,relief1 high et*+ 91 #ajd ,reproduction ( draw+s1 ,colas's process1 #aji ,reproduction ( negatives1 !1 #ca ) c>bon positive1 #cb ,retrospective1 half-tone photo-engrav+1 #fc ,rev]sal ( ! draw+s1 #if ,rev]s+ mirror1 !1 #aj1 #ce ,roll]s1 !1 #aec prep>ation ( !1 #aed ,room1 ! d>k-1 #be ,r\nd et*+1 #ij ,runn+ ( a work%op1 #ajd ,scre5 = gra9$ negatives1 !1 #fe ,s5sitomet]1 to make a1 #ajg ,s5sitiz+ solution1 a good1 #aje ,s5sitiz+ solution = pap] transf]s1 #acb = ! collotype process1 #afe ,sieve1 du/+1 #ih ,silv] ba?1 ! nitrate (1 #ab1 #af ,silv]+ ! glass 7= mirrors71 #bf ,sk91 ! heliotype1 #aef m\nt+ on pewt]1 #aei pr9t+ f ! heliotype1 #afj pr9t+ ! heliotype1 #aeh ,solution1 cle>+ !1 #ah develop+ !1 #ag fix+ !1 #ah int5sify+ !1 #ah ,s\rces1 h9ts f all1 #id ,/]eotyp+1 z9c et*+ by1 #ajb ,/r5g!n+1 faults 91 #gh ,fr5* process1 #hb ,/ripp+ collodion films1 #cd ,sulphate ( copp] solution1 et*+ )1 #ajc ,table1 ! wa%+1 #ih ,tim+ & exposure1 #dc ,toovey's negative transf] process1 #aci ,transf] process1 ,toovey's negative1 #aci & treatm5t ( ! draw+1 #gc ( ! draw+1 #gc1 #hc pap]1 #acb1 #acf ,transf]s1 develop+ !1 #ach du/+ !1 #ed et*+ l9e1 #ee fur!r treatm5t ( !1 #gf ink = l9e1 #ef ink+ !1 #ed photo-li?o1 #adj to develop1 #adj ,transf]s to z9c1 direct1 #ea ,transp>5cies = gra9$ negatives1 #ff ,transp>5cies1 h[ to make1 #cj ,transp>5t positive1 mak+ !1 #abj s5sitiz+ !1 #acg ,treatm5t be=e m\nt+1 #gh ,wa%+1 ,au/rian process =1 #he ,fr5* process =1 #hc ,wa%+ table1 !1 #ih ! negative1 #ai ,wax pomatum1 h[ to make1 #ha ,:irl]1 !1 #db ,"w-%op1 runn+ ( !1 #ajd ,wr9kles & dodges1 #aje ,z9c1 app>atus = pr9t+ ^u1 #ci direct transf]s to1 #ea et*+ ! fir/1 #eg by galvanic means1 #ajb by /]eotyp+1 #ajb m\nt+ !1 #fa ! second1 #eh ! manipulations (1 #ic 9 album51 pr9t+ on !1 #de 9 bitum51 pr9t+ on !1 #dh ink+ ! expos$1 #dd plate1 develop+ ! album5 image on !1 #dg ! bitum5 image on !1 #ej ink+ !1 #ed gra9+ !1 #dj coat+ ) s5sitive album51 #da dry+ !1 #db :irl+ !1 #db ink+ ! album5iz$1 #df !1 to coat ) bitum51 #di poli%+ !1 #ci prep>+ on ! press1 #ajb ,z9cographic et*+1 #aae pr9t+ press1 !1 #fb ,,adv]tisem5ts ,illu/ration3 ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,,an?ony ,,co4 ,no4 #eia ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,,manufactur]s ,,& ,,import]s ,,( ,photographic ,in/rum5ts & ,supplies ,,sole ,,proprietors ,,( ,,! ,,sat*el ,,detective1 ,,s*mid ,,detective1 ,,climax ,,detective1 ,,cam]as ,,fairy1 ,,novel1 ,,& 8,,! ,,phantom ,,cam]a10 ! ,*ampion ,light ,weight ( ! ,_w4 ,,use ,,an?ony',s ,,celebrat$ 8,e ,a0 ,,trade-,,m>k ,,*emicals4 ,,suppli$ ,,by ,,all ,,deal]s4 ,,bromide6 ,,bromide6 ,,bromide6 ,,an?ony',s ,pat5t ,reliable ,bromide ,pap] ,,= ,,contact ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,enl>gem5ts4 ,rapid = ,artificial ,light4 ,sl[ = ,daylight4 ,,s5d ,,= ,,illu/rat$ ,,catalogue4 ,illu/ration3 ,fr$'k ,w4 ,devoe4 ,james ,f4 ,drummond4 ,j4 ,seav] ,page4 ,f4 ,w4 ,devoe ,co4 ,cor4 ,fulton & ,william ,/reets1 ,new ,york4 ,manufactur]s ( ,,arti/s' ,,mat]ials1 ,,draw+ ,,in/rum5ts1 ,,f9e ,,bru%es1 ,,ready ,,mix$ ,,pa9ts ,,& ,,v>ni%es4 ,f9e ,dry ,colors = ,li?ograph]s4 ,:ite & ,t9t$ ,h&-made ,pap]s1 ,+res1 ,crayon & ,tor*on1 ,gelat9e ,pap]1 ,magnify+ & ,dim9i%+ ,glasses1 ,gra9$ ,pap]s = ,process ,draw+1 ,crayons1 ,india ,ink1 ,r\lettes1 etc41 8,imp]i%able0 ,pa/e = ,m\nt+ ,photographs4 ,,supplies ,,= ,,oil ,,pa9t+1 ,,wat] ,,color ,,pa9t+1 ,,sket*+1 ,,porcela9 ,,& ,,*9a ,,pa9t+1 ,,pa/el ,,pa9t+1 ,,m9iature ,,pa9t+1 ,,crayon ,,& ,,lead ,,p5cil ,,draw+1 ,,et*+1 ,,*romo ,,photography1 ,,tape/ry ,,pa9t+1 ,,textile ,,design+1 ,,model+ ,,9 ,,wax ,,& ,,clay1 ,,lu/re ,,pa9t+1 ,,p5 ,,& ,,ink ,,draw+1 ,,rep\ss ,,"w1 ,,fresco ,,& ,,sc5e ,,pa9t+1 ,,mak+ ,,wax ,,fl[]s ,,& ,,fruit1 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 ,,c(f91 ,,devoe ,,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,devoe ,,co41 ,fulton ,/4 cor4 ,william1 ,new ,york4 ,catalogues ( our v>i\s dep>tm5ts to deal]s1 on application4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,hub] ,rot>y ,z9cographic ,press4 ,?is press 0 design$ & is n[ 9 successful op]ation = pr9t+ f z9c plates ! k9d ( "w hi!rto produc$ f /one 9 ! li?ographic press2 & by reason ( its cont9u\s rotation _m m impressions p] h\r c be produc$ ?an by ! /one me?od4 ,colors are pr9t$ by x 9 p]fect regi/] & ) no loss ( brilliancy or *ange ( ! color4 ,! advantages ( ! use ( z9c plates are fully set =? 9 our circul> ,no4 #a1 8,z9cography0 :i* w be mail$ to li?ograph]s on receipt ( _! address4 ,to pur*as]s ( ! z9cographic press1 we give full in/ructions 9 z9cography1 & ! *emical nature ( ! v>i\s prep>ations1 etc41 )\t extra *>ge4 ,h>ris ,jones1 ,sole ,sell+ ,ag5ts1 ,no4 #ca ,pe>l ,/reet1 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,m4 ,coll9s ,mfg4 ,co4 ,no4 #ebg ,ar* ,/reet ,,philadelphia4 ,mak]s ( all k9ds ( ,c>ds requir$ by ,photograph]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,all5 ,,bro!rs1 ,,detroit1 ,,mi*41 ,are ,sole ,ag5ts = ?is ,cont95t1 = ,! ,be/ ,l5ses 9 ! ,_w ,z well z ! ,*eape/1 ,,! ,,sut] ,,l5s4 ,price ,li/s & ,te/imonials ,s5t on ,application4 ,a complete supply 9 /ock ( e requisite = ,,photography1 ,,photo-,,engrav+1 ,,photo-,,et*+1 & ,,photo-,,li?ography4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>butt',s ,,dry ,,plates ,,= ,,all ,,k9ds ,,( ,photo-,me*anical ,reproduction4 ,,/ripp+ ,,plates = ,photo-,gelat9e ,pr9t+1 ,s5sitomet] #bb1 kept 9 /ock1 & made to ord] m or less s5sitive :5 desir$4 ,,/ripp+ ,,plates1 giv+ great contra/1 = ! ,z9c-,et*+ ,process1 ,s5sitomet] #ad to #af4 ,,process ,,plate ,b1 #ad to #af1 capable ( giv+ cle> glass l9es & great d5sity 9 gr\nd1 = ,photo-,engrav]s4 ,,= ,,copy+ ,,colors ,,c>butt',s ,,or?o*romatic ,,plates w be f\nd ! greate/ improvem5t 9 ,dry ,plate mak+4 ,!y are kept 9 /ock ( ,normal ,s5sitomet] #bb1 b made to ord] m or less s5sitive z may be requir$4 ,!y are us$ ext5sively by ,f4 ,e4 ,ives1 ,philadelphia1 & ! ,photo-,gravure ,co41 ,new ,york4 8,if ,i may v5ture ! pr$iction1 ,i ?9k ! hi/ory ( photography = ! next decade w be ! hi/ory ( or?o*romatic "w4 ,surely next to ! production ( ! colors !mselves1 !re is no?+ to be desir$ s mu* z ! r5d]+ ( ! true values ( ^! colors4 ,i place ! or?o*romatic negative z ! highe/ po9t yet atta9$ 9 negative mak+1 & z con/itut+ ! outcome to-day ( t g]m :i* 0 br\ght into be+ ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s ago40--,extract f ,erne/ ,edw>ds' article on 8,! ,art ( ,mak+ ,photo-,gravures40 8,) ref]5ce to ! ,or?o*romatic ,plates4 ,! ,photo-,gravure ,co4 is greatly pleas$ ) its success 9 ! use ( y\r plates ( ?is description4 ,!y enable u to obta9 results :i* o!rwise w\ld be impossible1 & to d "w t o!rwise we %\ld h to decl9e1 plac+ a great p[] 9 ! h&s ( an intellig5t op]ator44440--,erne/ ,edw>ds1 = ,photo-,gravure ,co41 ,brooklyn1 ,febru>y #ac1 #ahhh4 ,,c>butt',s ,,dry ,,plates c be obta9$ ( all ,deal]s 9 ,photo ,mat]ials1 or direct f ! ,,key/one ,,dry ,,plate ,,works1 ,wayne ,junction1 ,john ,c>butt1 ,proprietor4 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,s5d ,,= ,,price ,,li/ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,late/ ,,novelty ,,out4 ,! ,new ,magic ,vignett]1 7,illu/ration3 ,pat5t$ ,may #ca/1 #ahhg47 ,= produc+ ! ,popul> ,black ,backgr\nd or ,ebony ,photographs4 ,endors$ & 9 use by ! ,lead+ ,photograph]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no m tr\ble or exp5se ?an mak+ pla9 photographs4 ,x is easily atta*$ to any cam]a by fa/5+ x on ! inside ( ! diaphragm ( ! box 7z %[n 9 ! cut74 ,! op5+ c be adju/$ to ! prop] size by simply turn+ ! ?umb-screw4 ,focus & expose z usual4 ,e "o gu>ante$4 ,,price1 ,,ea*1 #h4jj4 ,= sale by all deal]s 9 ,photographic ,goods4 ,sample photographs ( "w done ) x furni%$ on application to ,h4 ,a4 ,,hyatt1 ,sole ,ag5t1 ,deal] 9 ,photo ,supplies ( ,e ,description4 ,n4 ,e4 ,cor4 ,eigh? & ,locu/ ,/reets1 ,,/4 ,,l\is1 ,,mo4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,air ,,bru%4 7,illu/ration3 ,m$als3 ,am]ican ,in/itute #ahhd1 ,frankl9 ,in/itute #ahhe1 ,frankl9 ,in/itute #ahhg47 ,! ,bru% applies dilute liquid pigm5t by a jet ( air4 ,to photograph]s produc+ l>ge "w1 its use is especially recomm5d$ 9 place ( crayon1 & = wat] colors4 ,) equal skill on ! "p ( ! arti/1 ! "w is accompli%$ ) f> m elegance1 & ) wond]ful sav+ ( "t4 ,! ,bru% w be s5t ^u trial4 ,! ,air ,bru% has be5 f\nd "o ( ! mo/ useful help]s 9 ,process ,engrav+ t has ev] be5 discov]$4 ,see in/ructions giv5 9 ?is book4 ,= full description1 t]ms1 & any p>ticul>s desir$1 address1 ,,air ,,bru% ,,manufactur+ ,,co4 #fi ,nassau ,/reet1 ,,rock=d1 ,,ill4 ,illu/ration3 ,,violet ,lightn+ ,fla% ,comp\nd1 7,,brutum ,,fulm547 ,pictures ,made 9 ! ,d>kness4 ,d n wa/e ,,dry ,,plates try+ to make ,,negatives ,,at ,,night ,,) ,,*eap1 ,,fr\zy ,,mixtures4 ,use ! be/4 ,sure ,pop4 ,no ,animal ,*>coal4 ,no ,*lorate ( ,pota%4 ,no ,acid4 ,,violet ,,lightn+ ,,fla%1 ! mo/ p[]ful light "u ! sun4 ,price1 ,p] ,bottle1 #ge ,c5ts4 ,write = p>ticul>s & catalogue ( all ,photographic ,mat]ials4 ,,bu*anan1 ,,bromley ,,co41 ,manufactur]s1 ,,philadelphia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gundla* ,,photographic ,,l5ses ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,,! ,,gundla* ,,optical ,,co41 ,,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,are ,,! ,,be/ ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,,= ,,all ,,k9ds ,,( ,photo-,me*anical ,"w4 ,s5d = ,descriptive ,price ,li/4 ,= sale by deal]s 9 ,photo4 ,goods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,univ]sal ,,copy+ ,,ma*9e ,,copies ,,pr9t1 ,,writ+1 ,,type-,,writ+1 ,,wood-,,cuts1 ,,li?ographs1 ,,crayon ,,draw+s1 ,,pr9t$ ,,or ,,writt5 ,,music1 ,,etc4 ,! orig9al is writt5 ) our copy+ ink or ) our ribbon1 & !n1 by a simple & sure process1 transf]r$ to a plate1 f :i* any numb] ( copies c be tak54 ,pr9t is transf]r$ to ! plate )\t spoil+ ! orig9al1 & !n copi$ l writ+4 ,a great numb] ( copies c be made f "o orig9al4 ,z pr9t]'s ink is us$1 all impressions are alike cle> & legible1 & c be ( any color desir$4 ,! negitive c be kept = ye>s1 or x c be remov$ 9 a m9ute1 & ! plate us$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,?is process has be5 aw>d$ m$als at rec5t exhibitions 9 diff]5t ,european cities1 & is pat5t$ 9 ,great ,brita91 ,g]many1 ,france1 ,belgium & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is simple1 cleanly1 n liable to get out ( ord]2 c be us$ 9 any climate1 & is n affect$ by ! wea!r4 ,its importance to m5 ( bus9ess1 tea*]s 9 day & ,sunday s*ools1 photograph]s1 musicians1 & o!rs1 is obvi\s4 ,! samples s5t out are pr9t$ by ourselves1 & on ! ,univ]sal ,copy+ ,ma*9e4 ,price ( ma*9e ) outfit1 plate #i #ac-a_/b in*es1 legal-cap size1 #bj4jj4 ,price1 ) process to copy pr9t1 etc41 #e4jj extra4 ,ribbons = diff]5t type-writ]s1 #a4jj ea*4 ,l>g] ma*9es c be furni%$1 if desir$2 b ?is is a v conv5i5t size4 ,samples ( "w s5t free ( *>ge4 ,,univ]sal ,,copy+ ,,ma*9e ,,co41 ,j4 ,r4 ,,pal51 ,treasur]4 ,no4 #acdc ,ar* ,/reet1 ,philadelphia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,favorite ,photo ,supply ,h\se ,,at ,,l\isville1 ,,ky4 ,w4 ,d4 ,gat*el1 ,agt4 ,,we ,,c>ry ,,9 ,,/ock ,a ,,v ,,l>ge ,,supply ,,( ,! ,*oice/ ,app>atus1 ,be/ ,dry ,plates1 ,pure ,photo4 ,*emicals1 ,be/ ,album5 ,pap]1 ,coll9s' ,c>d ,/ock1 ,picture ,frames1 & ,mats4 ,,all ,,( ,,:i* ,,are ,,sold ,,at ,a ,,reasonable ,,pr(it4 ,our trade is con/antly gr[+1 )\t noise or adv]tis+4 ,our cu/om]s tell ( _! satisfaction to _! fri5ds1 & t is h[ x is done4 ,we h goods = all1 & invite y\r ord]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,bo/on ,photogravure ,company4 #bg ,boyl/on ,/4 ,bo/on4 ,gelat9e ,pr9t+ 7,phototype71 ,photo-engrav+1 ,photo-li?ography1 ,photograph+ on ,wood4 ,our ,phototypes c be se5 9 ! f9e/ ,art ,books ev] issu$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,:oev] uses ,photographs 9 quantity c save a l>ge p] c5t4 by our ,gelat9e ,pr9t+4 ,p]man5t ink 9 any color on any k9d ( pap]4 ,,repres5t$ ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,,by ,br&on ,moses1 #eb ,beav] ,/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wilson-,,hood-,,*eyney ,,co4 ,,limit$4 ,,john ,g4 ,,hood1 ,,*airman4 ,,wm4 ,d4 ,h4 ,,wilson1 ,,treasur]4 ,,jos4 ,p4 ,,*eyney1 ,,secret>y4 ,sole ,u4 ,s4 ,agts = ! ,,ross ,,l5s ,:i* has no equal = produc+ ,negatives = ,photo-,engrav+1 ,et*+1 & ,li?ography4 ,,deal]s ,,9 ,,photo4 ,,supplies4 ,no4 #iaj ,,ar* ,,/reet1 ,,philadelphia4 ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,wild1 ,,g5]al ,,ag5t ,,= ,pr(4 ,j4 ,husniks ,,photo-,,li?ographic ,,transf] ,,pap] #acd ,,s5eca ,,/ ,,buffalo ,n-,y4 ,s5d = ,e/imates & fur!r ,in=mation ,,! ,,be/ ,,process ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,,= ,,reproductions ,,( ,,all ,,k9ds ,,( ,,l9e ,,draw+1 ,,/eel ,,pr9ts ,,& ,,li?ographs4 ,,furni%es ,,transf] ,,pr9ts ,,to ,,li?ograph]s ,,( ,,all ,,classes ,,( ,,l9e ,,"w1 ,,also ,,f ,,wa% ,,draw+s ,,& ,,photographs ,,at ,,! ,,l[e/ ,,prices4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fu*s ,,lang ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,*icago4 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,,all ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,! ,,z9c ,,et*+ ,,process4 ,,practical ,,in/ructor ,,( ,photo-,engrav+ & ,z9c ,et*+ ,,processes4 ,,compris+ ,a ,,full ,,explanation ,,( ,,draw+1 ,,photography1 ,,wa%-,,out1 ,,swell$-,,gelat9e1 ,,& ,,z9c-,,et*+ ,,processes4 ,,by ,,alex4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,leslie4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,fu*s ,,lang1 #bi ,w>r5 ,/41 ,new ,york4 #gi ,de>born ,/41 ,*icago4 ,factory3 #ig-aja ,n4 ,?ird ,/41 ,brooklyn1 ,e4 ,d41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,second ,,enl>g$ ,,& ,,revis$ ,,edition4 ,,price1 #a4jj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,inl& ,,pr9t] ,,is ,,! ,,univ]sally ,,recogniz$ ,lead+ ,trade ,j\rnal 9 ! ,pr9t+ ,indu/ry4 ,no4 #ahc ,,monroe ,,/reet1 ,,*icago4 ,z an ,adv]tis+ ,m$ium to ,rea* ! ,trade x has no ,equal4 ,,z ,a ,,te*nical ,,in/ructive ,,j\rnal ,x is ,indisp5sable alike to ,employ] & ,employe4 ,conta9+ ea* mon? f #cj to #dj pages ( ,read+ ,matt]4 ,its ,pages teem ) ,articles ( ,int]e/2 ,x ,advocates no ,crot*ets2 ,supports no ,cliques2 ,is ,fe>less 9 ,attack+ ,abuses1 & ,seeks ! ,greate/ ,good to ! ,greate/ ,numb]4 ,subscription1 #b4jj p] ,ye>4 ,s+le ,copy1 #bj ,c5ts4 ,,no ,,free ,,sample ,,copies ,,s5t4 ,to /imulate int]e/ 9 ! ,be/ ,pr9t]s' ,j\rnal publi%$1 we make ?is (f]3 ,any "o s5d+ u five ye>ly subscriptions1 we w place 8 "n on our subscription li/ = "o ye>2 to any "o s5d+ u t5 ye>ly subscriptions1 we w pres5t a b\nd copy ( ei!r ,vol4 ,,ii41 ,,iii41 or ,,iv41 & pro rata4 ,! ,inl& ,pr9t] ,co41 ,publi%]s1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,photo-,gravure ,company ,no #hec ,broadway ,new ,york ,,"s ,,op9ions ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 8,z a "w ( pure illu/ration x is unique4 8,unequall$ by any simil> collection produc$ on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,= ! ,photo-,gravures n ev5 ?is qualification ne$ be made4 8,sev]al ( ^! are gems ( _! k9d1 & w surprise ev5 photograph]s :o are n fully conv]sant ) ! rec5t advance 9 t bran* ( engrav+1 9 :i* ! ,photo ,gravure ,co4 /&s unsurpass$ n[1 :5 x is a "q ( deal+ ) negatives f nature40 ,philadelphia ,sunday-,s*ool ,times4 8,! pictures l ^? ( ,! ,art ,review1 are ! "w ( ! ,photo-,gravure ,company1 :i* has "h produc$ a di/9ctly ,am]ican art "w unexcell$ 9 ! pres5t season40 ,new ,york ,mail & ,express4 8,reproduc$ by ! ,photo-,gravure ,company 9 a mo/ admirable mann]4 ,!y are n to be describ$1 h[ev]1 = !re is a *>m ab\t !m1 int]fus$ 9 _! s(t lights & t5d] %ad[s1 :i* evades words40 ,philadelphia ,times4 8,"o ( unusual beauty4 8,! execution ( ne>ly all ( !m is admirable40 ,! ,nation4 8,our publi%]s h h>dly begun to realize ! res\rces :i* ?is process (f]s = ! decoration ( books1 ) a v slight enhancem5t ( ! co/40 ,new ,york ,indep5d5t4 8,^! illu/rations are reproduc$ 9 delici\sly s(t tones by ! ,photo-,gravure ,company1 ( ,new ,york40 ,! ,ev5+ ,transcript1 ,bo/on4 8,a volume ( unusual beauty4 8,mo/ ( ! illu/rations are p]fect gems40 ,! ,public ,l$g]1 ,philadelphia4 8,! result is an art production by *emical & me*anical processes1 t is 9 its way comp>able to ! be/ "w ( ! engrav] or et*]4 ,x is some?+ f> beyond ! ord9>y "w ( ! photograph]1 & may be consid]$ ! highe/ developm5t ( 8 art40 ,! ,new ,york ,comm]cial4 8,admirably reproduc$ by ,photo-,gravure40 ,! ,comm]cial ,gazette4 8,"h aga91 ! advance ( ! ,am]ican engrav]'s art is /rik+ly app>5t40 ,! ,lit]>y ,_w4 8,we wi% always to be sp>+ 9 ! use ( sup]latives1 & gu>d$ 9 ! use ( /rong language1 & to pres]ve c>efully :at reputation we h = a cons]vative & temp]ate judgm5t2 b re/ra9t is h>d to be> 9 speak+ out our m9ds ab\t ! "w :i*1 at ! pres5t writ+1 lies op5 on ! editorial table4 8,! ,photo-,gravures introduc$ "h & !re by way ( bord] decorations are exquisite1 & ! occasional vignettes dropp$ ^u ! corn] ( a l>g] plate introduce a *>m+ irregul>ity & v>iety40 ,! ,susquehanna ,ev5+ ,transcript4 8,! illu/rations are ! f9e/ we ev] saw 9 a newspap] supplem5t40 ,,photo-,,li?ographic ,,& ,,photo-,,me*anical ,,pr9t+ ,,( ,,e ,,description4 ,catalogues ( our ,publications on application4 ,e/imates ( "w *e]fully furni%$ & correspond5ce solicit$4 ,portfolio ( specim5s1 wor? #aj1 conta9+ examples ( all our processes1 =w>d$ on receipt ( price1 #a4jj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,get ,,! ,,be/ ,,photographic ,,books4 ,,! ,,:ole ,,art ,,9 ,,two ,,books4 ,wilson's ,qu>t] ,c5tury 9 ,photography4 ,,! ,,l>ge/ ,,& ,,be/ ,,photographic ,,in/ruction ,,book ,,ev] ,,issu$4 ,by ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,wilson1 ,editor ( ! 8,philadelphia ,photograph]10 ,au?or ( 8,wilson's ,photographics10 etc4 #d4jj4 8,! be/ 9 ! ,engli% language40--,photographic ,news4 #d4jj4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,photography4 ,,ii4 ,! ,!ory ( ,photography4 ,,iii4 ,light4 ,,iv4 ,! ,cam]a4 ,v4 ,ab\t ,l5ses4 ,,vi4 ,! ,diaphragm1 or ,/op4 ,,vii4 ,glass-h\se ,con/ruction4 ,,viii4 ,"u ! ,skylight4 ,,ix4 ,! ,application ( ,art ,pr9ciples4 ,x4 ,outdoor ,op]ations4 ,,xi4 ,exposure1 or ! ,"q ( ,"t4 ,,xii4 ,conc]n+ ,*emicals4 ,,xiii4 ,d>k-room ,contrivances4 ,,xiv4 ,negative-mak+--8,wet40 ,,xv4 ,negative-mak+--8,dry40 ,,xvi4 ,negative-mak+--8,pap] & ,film40 ,,xvii4 ,ret\*+ & ,doctor+ ! ,negative4 ,,xviii4 ,pr9t+ on ,album5iz$ ,pap]4 ,,xix4 ,pr9t+--,drawbacks & ,defects2 ,causes & ,rem$ies4 ,,xx4 ,pr9t+-room ,p>ticul>s4 ,,xxi4 ,peculi> ,pr9t+ ,processess4 ,,xxii4 ,color-,s5sitive ,photography--,iso*romatic--,or?o*romati c4 ,,xxiii4 ,photo-engrav+4 ,,xxiv4 ,lant]n ,slides & ,transp>5cies4 #ebh ,pages--#chf ,illu/rations4 ,) a ,complete1 ,classifi$ ,index4 ,qu>t] ,c5tury is equival5t to sev]al volumes 9 "o4 ,x conta9s ! be/ practical po9ts on photography t h be5 publi%$ dur+ ! pa/ #be ye>s1 by ov] #bej well-kn[n work]s & writ]s 9 our art1 all arrang$ ) great c>e--clipp$ ( all sup]flu\s matt]--& cond5s$ into a satisfactory1 common-s5se in/ruction book1 ! usefulness ( :i* w nev] *ange or we> out4 #d4jj4 ,wilson's ,photographics4 #d4jj4 ,by ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,wilson1 ,editor ( ! 8,philadelphia ,photograph]10 ,au?or ( 8,wilson's ,qu>t] ,c5tury 9 ,photography10 etc4 ,ov] #fjjj copies sold4 #ajjj ,te/imonials4 ,e ,arti/ ne$s x4 ,entirely diff]5t f ,qu>t] ,c5tury4 ,a4 ,treatm5t ( ! ,subject4 ,b & ,c4 ,! ,ne$ful ,app>atus4 ,d4 ,! ,d>k-room4 ,e4 ,prep>ation ( ! ,glass4 ,f4 ,*emicals & ,solutions4 ,g4 ,! ,manipulations4 ,h4 ,manipulatory ,mis]ies4 ,i4 ,ret\*+ ! ,negative4 ,j4 ,! ,glass ,/udio4 ,k4 ,accessories & ,light4 ,l4 ,manag+ ! ,model4 ,m4 ,pr9t+ on ,album5 ,pap]4 ,n4 ,pr9t+ on ,pla9 ,pap]4 ,o4 ,g5]al ,rem>ks on ,pr9t+4 ,p4 ,pr9t+ on ,v>i\s ,surfaces4 ,q4 ,pr9t+ ,p]plexities4 ,r4 ,art 9 ,pr9t+4 ,s4 ,m\nt+ & ,f9i%+4 ,t4 ,photography ,outside4 ,u4 ,bromo-,gelat9e ,emulsion ,"w4 ,v4 ,vogel's ,collodion ,emulsion4 ,w4 ,enl>gem5ts & ,lant]n ,slides4 ,x4 ,phototypes1 ,plat9otypes1 & ,collodion ,transf]s4 ,y4 ,wa/es & _! ,wor?4 ,z4 ,metrical ,measur+ 4 ,conclud+ ,confab--,app5dix4 ,a full1 c>eful ,index4 #aaj ,illu/rations4 #b full-page plates4 ,burnet's ,art ,essays4 ,a curiosity1 z well z a valuable "w4 ,?ree 9 "o3 ,essay on ! ,education ( ! ,eye2 ,essay on ,light & ,%ade2 ,essay on ,composition4 ,ab\t #adj illu/rations1 all reproduc$ by ! ,heliotype process1 taught 9 ?is book4 #d4jj4 ,orig9als are sc>ce at #ajj4jj4 ,i also publi% ! olde/ & be/ ,,photographic ,,magaz9e twice a mon?4 ,e numb] accompani$ by a full-page lovely photo /udy4 ,sample ,copy ,free4 ,e p]son1 firm1 & family int]e/$ 9 ! beautiful %\ld h x4 8,%\ld be scatt]$ broadca/ ov] ! :ole l&40--,abell ,son1 ,oregon4 8,is ! boon companion ( ! c\ntry photograph]40--,h4 ,a4 ,cudd+1 ,new ,york4 8,always conta9s some?+ ( b5efit to ! frat]nity40--,c4 ,p4 ,mc,dannell1 ,p5nsylvania4 8,has come to me s9ce #ahfd1 & ,i w n d )\t x0--,j4 ,r4 ,s*orb1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 8,i h _h x = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s40--,c4 ,e4 ,orr1 ,ill9ois4 8,w cont9ue to me z long z x is conduct$ 9 ! pres5t excell5t mann]40--,james ,s4 ,patt]son1 ,t5nessee4 ,subscribe ,n[4 #e4jj a ,ye>2 #b4ej = ,six ,mon?s2 #a4be = ,?ree ,mon?s2 #cj ,c5ts p] copy4 #a4jj ,premium 9 books = a new subscrib] ) y\r own4 ,circul> ,s\v5ir ,free4 ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,wilson1 #hec ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,wittemann1 ,publi%] & ,pr9t] = ! ,trade ( ,s\v5ir ,albums ,,photo ,,views ,,( ,am]ican ,sc5]y1 ,cities1 & ,resorts4 ,nos4 #eh & #fj ,reade ,/reet1 ,,new ,,york4 ,correspond5ce ) ,photograph]s solicit$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,alb]type ,,co4 ,nos4 #eh & #fj ,reade ,/reet1 ,,new ,,york4 ,photo-,me*anical ,pr9t+ ,,illu/rative4 ,,decorative4 ,,comm]cial4 ,,reproduction ,,( ,sc5]y1 ,ar*itecture1 ,int]iors1 ,portraits1 ,works ( ,art1 ,designs1 ,engrav+s1 ,patt]ns1 ,ma*9]y1 ,manufactures1 & objects ( all k9ds4 ,= ,quickness1 ,accuracy1 & ,delicacy !re is no sup]ior to ! ,alb]type ,process4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,orig9al spell+ & gramm> are g5]ally reta9$1 ) a few exceptions not$ bel[4 ,a few miss+ full /ops 7 suppli$ sil5tly4 ,orig9al italics looks l ?is4 ,! orig9al page numb]s are %[n l ?is3 #ig4 ,! orig9al pag9ation is screwy4 ,! ,introduction is on pp4 xv-xvi1 & !n ! next page is numb]$ #i4 ,!re are no pp4 #a-h4 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ f )9 p>agraphs to betwe54 ,blank pages h be5 remov$4 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ f )9 p>agraphs to betwe5 p>agraphs4 ,ditto m>ks h be5 remov$1 ) text re/ructur$ z necess>y to reta9 ! orig9al mean+4 ,simil>ly1 l>ge curly brackets--us$ to comb9e in=mation on m ?an "o l9e ( text--h be5 remov$4 ,! orig9al ,index employ$ :ite space to indicate words or phrases to be reg>d$ z repeat$ f ! text l9e above4 ,?is edition employs in/ead ! "* ,u#bjae ,,horizontal ,,b> 1 "o = ea* ^w to be repeat$4 ,page #cf4 ,! left d\ble quotation m>k has no mate1 b is reta9$ z pr9t$4 ,page #gc4 ,! phrase 8%eet ( ,bri/ol pap] & are ( press+ bo>d0 is reta9$ z pr9t$4 ,page #hd4 ,! second at 0 remov$ f 8/r5g? ( #b ,baum at at a temp]ature04 ,page #ajc4 ,*ang$ z9ce to z9c1 9 8take ! z9ce plate04 ,page #acd4 ,*ang$ 8?r\ghly melt$0 to 8?or\ghly melt$04 ,page #adj4 ,*ang$ 8) a a glue roll]0 to 8) a glue roll]04 ,page #ada4 ,*ang$ 8difcult to h&le0 to 8difficult to h&le04 ,page #ahb1 entry ,exposure4 ,*ang$ 8time+0 to 8tim+04 ,likewise1 on page #ahd1 ! entry ,time+ 0 *ang$ to ,tim+4