,,essays ,,& ,,dialogues ,,( ,,giacomo ,,leop>di4 ,,translat$ ,,by ,,*>les ,,edw>des4 ,) ,biographical ,sket*4 ,,london3 ,,tr,,bn] ,,co41 ,,ludgate ,,hill4 #ahhb4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,biographical ,,sket* ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,race ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,h]cules ,,& ,,atlas ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,fa%ion ,,& ,,dea? ,,prize ,,competition ,,( ,,! ,,academy ,,( ,,sillographs ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,a ,,gobl9 ,,& ,a ,,gnome ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,malambruno ,,& ,,f>f>ello ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,nature ,,& ,a ,,s\l ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,e>? ,,& ,,! ,,moon ,,! ,,wag] ,,( ,,prome!us ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,a ,,natural ,,philosoph] ,,& ,a ,,metaphysician ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,tasso ,,& ,,8 ,,famili> ,,_s ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,nature ,,& ,,an ,,icel&] ,,p>9i ,,on ,,glory ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,ruys* ,,& ,,8 ,,mummies ,,rem>kable ,,say+s ,,( ,,philip ,,ottoni]i ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,columbus ,,& ,,guti]rez ,,panegyric ,,( ,,birds ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,wild ,,cock ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,tim&ro ,,& ,,ele&ro ,,cop]nicus ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,an ,,almanac ,,sell] ,,& ,a ,,pass]-,,by ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,plot9us ,,& ,,porphyrius ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,la/ ,,words ,,( ,,brutus ,,& ,,!ophra/us ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,tri/ano ,,& ,a ,,fri5d ,,biographical ,,sket*4 ,manure ) ,despair1 b let x be g5u9e1 & y w h a noble h>ve/4--,,rahel4 ,! "n ( ,giacomo ,leop>di is n yet a h\sehold ^w 9 ! m\?s ( ,engli%m54 ,few ( u h he>d ( him2 /ill few] h read any ( 8 writ+s4 ,if kn[n at all1 he is probably c\pl$1 9 a semi-contemptu\s mann]1 ) o!r =eign repres5tatives ( a phase ( poetic ?\ght1 ! influ5ce ( :i* has pass$ its z5i?4 ,z a contempor>y ( ,byron1 ,leop>di is p]haps cr$it$ ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( psy*ological plagi>ism1 & possibly disreg>d$ z a m]e satellite ( ! great] planet4 ,b if ?is be s1 x is unju/4 ,8 fame is 8 own1 & "t makes 8 isolation & gr& individuality m & m prom95t4 ,:at ,byron & ,%elley1 ,millevoye1 ,baudelaire & ,gauti]1 ,he9e & ,plat51 ,p\*k9e & ,l]mont(f1 are to ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,russia respectively1 ,leop>di is1 9 a measure1 to ,italy4 ,b he is m ?an ?is4 ,! jewel ( 8 r5[n is triple-facet$4 ,philology1 poetry1 & philosophy 7 ea* 9 turn cultivat$ by him1 & he 0 ( too brilliant an intellect n to excel 9 !m all4 ,z a philologi/ he a/oni%$ ,niebuhr & delight$ ,creuz]2 z a poet he has be5 comp>$ ) ,dante2 z a philosoph] he takes high rank among ! greate/ & mo/ orig9al m5 ( mod]n times4 ,"o ( 8 biograph]s 7,dov>i3 ,/udio di ,g4 ,leop>di1 ,ancona1 #ahgg7 has t]m$ him ! greate/ philosoph]1 poet1 & prose-writ] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,?\gh su* eulogy may be1 & d\btless is1 excessive1 ! fact t x has be5 giv5 te/ifies to ! extraord9>y nature ( ! man :o is its subject4 ,9 ,g]many & ,france1 ,leop>di is p]haps z well kn[n & highly appreciat$ z 9 ,italy4 ,8 poems h be5 translat$ into ! languages ( ^? c\ntries2 & 9 ,france1 )9 ! la/ ye>1 two m or less complete v]sions ( 8 prose writ+s h appe>$4 ,biographies1 reviews1 & light] notices ( ! celebrat$ ,italian are ( repeat$ & increas+ occurr5ce on ! ,cont95t4 ,engl&1 h[ev]1 kn[s little ( him1 & hi!rto none ( 8 writ+s h be5 made accessible to ! ,engli% read+ public4 ,! foll[+ brief outl9e ( 8 life may 9 "p help to expla9 ! peculi>ly sombre philosophical views :i* he held1 & ( :i* 8 works are *iefly an elaboration4 ,giacomo ,leop>di 0 born at ,recanati1 a small t[n ab\t fifte5 miles f ,ancona1 on ! #bi? ,june #agih4 ,he 0 ( noble bir?1 equally on ! side ( 8 fa!r & "m4 ,provid$ ) a tutor at an e>ly age1 he soon left him f> beh9d 9 k2 & :5 only eight ye>s old1 he disc>d$ ! ,greek gramm> he _h hi!rto us$1 & delib]ately set himself ! task ( read+ 9 *ronological ord] ! ,greek au?ors ( 8 fa!r's libr>y4 ,x 0 due to 8 own indu/ry1 & 8 fa!r's c>e1 t lat] he acquir$ a p]fect acqua9tance ) classical lit]ature4 ,9 #ahaj he receiv$ 8 fir/ tonsure1 9 tok5 ( 8 d$ication to ! ,*ur*2 b ?is e>ly promise 0 n de/9$ to be fulfill$4 ,be=e he 0 eighte5 ye>s ( age ,leop>di _h atta9$ recognis$ di/9ction = ! am\nt & matt] ( 8 erudition4 ,! m]e catalogue ( 8 writ+s--*iefly philological--by t "t is ( suffici5t l5g? to excite wond]1 & _! nature is /ill m surpris+4 ,lat9 comm5t>ies & classical annotations 7 app>5tly *ild's play to him4 ,writ+ 9 #ahae to ! ,roman s*ol> ,cancelli]i1 :o _h notic$ "o ( ^! classical productions1 ,leop>di says3 ,i see myself secur$ to po/]ity 9 y\r writ+s4444 ,comm]ce ) ! le>n$ is n only useful1 b necess>y = me4 ,he 0 only sev5te5 :5 he complet$ a task :i* repres5t$ ! sum ( all 8 e>ly /udy4 ,?is 0 an ,essay on ! ,popul> ,errors ( ! ,anci5ts1 ( consid]able l5g? 7fir/ publi%$ po/hum\sly71 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he cites m ?an f\r hundr$ au?ors1 anci5t & mod]n4 ,a s+le extract w suffice to %[ t 8 y\?ful p[]s ( expression 7 z precoci\s z 8 le>n+1 ?\gh 8 judgm5t 0 d\btless at fault4 ,he ?us reviews ! wisdom ( ! ,greeks3 ,! philosophy ( ! anci5ts 0 ! sci5ce ( diff]5ces2 & _! academies 7 ! seats ( confusion & disord]4 ,ari/otle condemn$ :at ,plato _h taught4 ,socrates mock$ ,anti/h5es2 & ,z5o sc&alis$ ,epicurus4 ,py?agoreans1 ,platonians1 ,p]ipatetics1 ,/oics1 ,cynics1 ,epicureans1 ,sceptics1 ,cyr5aics1 ,meg>ics1 ,eclectics scuffl$ ) & ridicul$ "o ano!r2 :ile ! truly wise laugh$ at !m all4 ,! p1 left to !mselves dur+ ?is hubbub1 7 n idle1 b lab\r$ sil5tly to increase ! va/ m\nd ( human errors4 ,he ends ?is ,essay ) a eulogy ( ! ,*ri/ian religion3 ,to live 9 ! true ,*ur* is ! only way to combat sup]/ition4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 increas+ k1 :i* ,goe! has call$ ! antipodes ( fai?1 enabl$ him to p]ceive t ,roman ,ca?olicism1 ! antidote :i* he !n prescrib$ = sup]/ition1 0 itself full *>g$ ) ! poison he s\ght to de/roy4 ,9 #ahag ,leop>di made acqua9tance by lett] ) ,pietro ,giordani1 "o ( ! lead+ lit]>y m5 ( ! day1 & a man ( v>i$ exp]i5ce & k4 ,9 8 fir/ lett] ,leop>di op5s 8 he>t to 8 new fri5d3 ,i h v greatly1 p]haps immod]ately1 ye>n$ = glory 444 ,i burn ) love = ,italy1 & ?ank ,heav5 t ,i am an ,italian4 ,if ,i live1 ,i w live = lit]ature2 = aught else1 ,i w\ld n live if ,i c\ld4 7#ba/ ,m>* #ahag47 ,a mon? lat]1 f ! same s\rce we are able to disc]n traces ( t *>act]i/ic ( ,leop>di's temp]am5t :i* by c]ta9 critics is ?\ght to expla9 8 philosophy4 ,writ+ to ,giordani1 he expatiates on ! discom=ts ( ,recanati & its climate2 & proce$s3-- ,add$ to all ?is is ! ob/9ate1 black1 & b>b>\s melan*oly :i* dev\rs & de/roys me1 :i* is n\ri%$ by /udy1 & yet increases :5 ,i =ego /udy4 ,i h 9 pa/ times _h mu* exp]i5ce ( t sweet sadness :i* g5]ates f9e s5tim5ts1 & :i*1 bett] ?an joy1 may be said to resemble ! twilight2 b my condition n[ is l an et]nal & horrible night4 ,a poison saps my p[]s ( body & m9d4-- ,9 ! same lett] he gives 8 op9ion on ! relative nature ( prose & poetry4 ,poetry requires inf9ite /udy & application1 & its art is s pr(\nd1 t ! m y advance 9 pr(ici5cy1 s mu* ! fur!r does p]fection seem to rec$e4444 ,to be a good prose writ] fir/1 & a poet lat]1 seems to me to be contr>y to nature1 :i* fir/ creates ! poet1 & !n by ! cool+ op]ation ( age conc$es ! maturity & tranquillity necess>y = prose4 7#cj? ,april #ahag47 ,! correspond5ce betwe5 ,leop>di & ,giordani la/$ = five ye>s1 & x is f _! publi%$ lett]s t we are able to =m ! be/ possible e/imate ( ,leop>di's "* & aspirations4 ,8 own lett]s s]ve z ! index ( 8 physical & m5tal /ate4 ,9 !m we trace ! gradual failure ( 8 heal?1 ! gr[? ( sombr5ess 9 8 disposition1 & ! *ange :i* 8 religi\s convictions und]w5t4 ,dur+ 8 tw5tie? ye> he suff]$ sev]ely 9 m9d & body4 ,=c$ to lay aside 8 /udies1 he 0 con/antly a prey to ennui1 ) all its att5dant discom=ts4 ,he ?us writes to ,giordani ( 8 condition1 9 ,augu/ #ahag3 ,my ill-heal? makes me unhappy1 because ,i am n a philosoph] :o is c>eless ( life1 & because ,i am compell$ to /& alo( f my belov$ /udies4444 ,ano!r ?+ t makes me unhappy1 is ?\ght4 ,i believe y "k1 b ,i hope y h n exp]i5c$1 h[ ?\ght c crucify & m>tyrise any "o :o ?9ks some:at diff]5tly f o!rs4 ,i h = a long "t suff]$ su* torm5ts1 simply because ?\ght has always _h me entirely 9 its p[]2 & x w kill me unless ,i *ange my condition4 ,solitude is n made = ^? :o burn & are consum$ 9 !mselves4 7#a/ ,augu/ #ahag47 ,8 m5tal activity 0 numb$ by 8 physical incapacity2 ! two comb9$ r$uc$ him to a /ate ( despair4 ,!re is a noble =titude 9 ! foll[+ words ( ano!r lett] address$ to ,giordani3-- ,i h = a long "t firmly believ$ t ,i mu/ die )9 two or ?ree ye>s1 because ,i h s ru9$ myself by sev5 ye>s ( immod]ate & incessant /udy4444 ,i am consci\s t my life _c be o!r ?an unhappy1 yet ,i am n fright5$2 & if ,i c\ld 9 any way be useful1 ,i w\ld endeav\r to be> my condition )\t los+ he>t4 ,i h pass$ ye>s s full ( bitt]ness1 t x seems impossible = worse to succe$ !m2 nev]!less ,i w n despair ev5 if my suff]+s d increase 444 ,i am born = endurance4 7#b;d ,m>* #ahah47 ,leop>di 0 n[ ( age1 & at ! "t ( life :5 mans aspirations are ke5e/4 ,he _h repeat$ly tri$ to induce 8 fa!r to let him g =? into ! _w1 & take 8 place 9 ! s*ool ( intellect2 b all 8 endeav\rs 7 9 va94 ,?\gh second$ by ,giordani1 :o "s mon?s be=e _h become p]sonally acqua9t$ ) 8 "y correspond5t dur+ a visit ( a few days to ,casa ,leop>di1 ! ,c\nt 0 resolute 9 refus+ to grant 8 son p]mission to leave ,recanati4 ,giacomo1 driv5 to desp]ation1 conceiv$ a plan by :i* he hop$ to fulfil 8 desire 9 spite ( ! pat]nal prohibition4 ,! foll[+ extract f ! ,c\nt's di>y furni%es ! gi/ ( ! matt]1 & also gives u "s small insight into 8 own "*3-- ,giacomo1 wi%+ to leave ! c\ntry1 & see+ t ,i 0 oppos$ to 8 do+ s1 ?\ght to obta9 my cons5t by a trick4 ,he reque/$ ,c\nt ,broglio to procure a passport = ,milan1 s t ,i might be al>m$ on he>+ ( x1 & ?us let him g4 ,i knew ab\t x1 because ,sol>i wrote unwitt+ly to ,antici1 wi%+ ,giacomo a pleasant j\rney4 ,i imm$iately ask$ ,broglio to s5d me ! passport1 :i* he did ) an accompany+ lett]4 ,i %[$ all to my son1 & deposit$ ! passport 9 an op5 cupbo>d1 tell+ him he c\ld take x at 8 leisure4 ,s all end$4 ,?us ! plot fail$1 & ,giacomo 0 con/ra9$ to resign himself1 z be/ he c\ld1 to a cont9uance ( ! life worse ?an dea? :i* he liv$ 9 ,recanati4 ,two lett]s writt5 9 anticipation ( ! success ( 8 s*eme1 "o to 8 fa!r1 & ! o!r to ,c>lo1 8 bro!r1 are ( mo/ pa9ful int]e/4 ,!y sugge/ unfilial conduct on 8 "p1 & unfa!rly treatm5t ( 8 son on ! "p ( ,c\nt ,monaldo4 ,i am we>y ( prud5ce1 he writes 9 ! lett] to ,c>lo1 :i* s]ves only z a clog to ! enjoym5t ( y\? 444 ,h[ ?ankful ,i %\ld be if ! /ep ,i am tak+ might act z a w>n+ to our p>5ts1 z f> z y & our bro!rs are conc]n$6 ,i he>tily tru/ y w be less unhappy ?an myself4 ,i c>e little = ! op9ion ( ! _w2 nev]!less1 exon]ate me if y h any opportunity ( do+ s4444 ,:at am ,i8 a m]e good-=-no?+ creature4 ,i realise ?is mo/ int5sely1 & ! k ( x has det]m9$ me to take ?is /ep1 to escape ! self-contemplation :i* s disgu/s me4 ,s long z ,i possess$ self-e/eem ,i 0 prud5t2 b n[ t ,i despise myself1 ,i c only f9d relief by ca/+ myself on =tune1 & seek+ dang]s1 wor?less ?+ t ,i am4444 ,x 7 bett] 7humanly speak+7 = my p>5ts & myself t ,i _h nev] be5 born1 or _h di$ ere n[4 ,f>ewell1 de> bro!r4 ,! lett] to 8 fa!r is 9 a diff]5t key4 ,x is /]n & sev]e1 & conta9s repro(s1 direct & inf]5tial1 = 8 app>5t indiff]5ce to 8 sons' future prospects4 ,giacomo upbraids him ) int5tional bl9dness to ! necessities ( 8 position z a y\? ( g5]ally ackn[l$g$ ability1 = :om ,recanati c\ld (f] no scope1 or *ance ( r5[n4 ,he goes on to say3 ,n[ t ! law has made me my own ma/]1 ,i h det]m9$ to delay no long] 9 tak+ my de/9y on my own %\ld]s4 ,i "k t man's felicity consi/s 9 cont5tm5t1 & t ,i %all !re=e h m *ance ( happ9ess 9 begg+ my bread ?an ?r\gh :atev] bodily com=ts ,i may enjoy "h4444 ,i "k t ,i %all be deem$ mad2 & ,i also "k t all great m5 h be5 s reg>d$4 ,& because ! c>e] ( almo/ e great g5ius has begun ) despair1 ,i am n di%e>t5$ at ! same comm5cem5t 9 m9e4 ,i w\ld r be unhappy ?an insignificant1 & suff] ?an endure t$ium4444 ,fa!rs usually h a bett] op9ion ( _! sons ?an o!r p2 b y1 on ! contr>y1 judge no "o s unfav\rably1 & !re=e nev] imag9$ we might be born = greatness4444 ,x has pleas$ ,heav51 z a puni%m5t1 to orda9 t ! only y\?s ( ?is t[n ) some:at l(ti] aspirations ?an ! ,recanatese %\ld belong to y1 z a trial ( pati5ce1 & t ! only fa!r :o w\ld reg>d su* sons z a mis=tune %\ld be ours4 ,! relation%ip betwe5 ,giacomo & 8 p>5ts has be5 a vex$ "q ) all 8 biograph]s1 :o1 = ! mo/ "p1 are ( ! op9ion t !y _h little sympa?y ) him 9 ! m5tal suff]+s he und]w5t4 ,! ,c\nt has be5 call$ despota si/ematico 9 ! adm9i/ration ( 8 h\sehold2 & ! mo/ fav\rably dispos$ writ]s h agre$ to reg>d him z some:at ( a ,roman fa!r4 ,b !re does n seem to be suffici5t evid5ce to support ! !ory t he 0 int5tionally h>% & repressive to ! ext5t ( cruelty 9 8 treatm5t ( 8 *ildr54 ,he 0 an ,italian ( ! old s*ool1 & z su* 8 conduct 0 probably diff]5t f t ( m mod]n ,italian fa!rs2 b t 0 all4 ,9 #ahai1 :5 8 :ole be+ 0 9 a turmoil ( disquiet1 ,leop>di made 8 db z a poet1 ) two ,odes--! "o address$ to ,italy1 & ! o!r on ! monum5t to ,dante1 !n rec5tly erect$ 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! foll[+ lit]al translation ( ! fir/ /anza ( ! ,ode to ,italy gives b a fa9t e*o ( ! orig9al v]se3-- ,o my c\ntry1 ,i see ! walls & ar*es1 ! columns1 ! /atues1 & ! des]t$ t[]s ( our ance/ors2 b _! glory ,i see n1 nor d ,i see ! laurel & ! iron :i* girt our =efa!rs4 ,to-day1 un>m$1 ?\ %[e/ a nak$ br[ & nak$ brea/4 ,alas6 h[ ?\ art w\nd$6 ,h[ pale ?\ art1 & ble$+6 ,t ,i %\ld see !e ?us6 ,o que5 ( beauty6 ,i call on heav5 & e>?1 & ask :o ?us has humbl$ !e4 ,& z a cr[n+ ill1 h] arms are weigh$ ) *a9s2 h] hair di%evell$ & unveil$2 & on ! gr\nd %e sits disconsolate & neglect$1 h] face hid 9 h] knees1 & weep+4 ,weep1 ,italia m9e1 = ?\ ha/ cause1 s9ce ?\ w]t born to conqu] 'nea? ,=tune's smiles & fr[ns4 ,o patria mia1 v$o le mura e gli ar*i ,e le colonne e i simulacri e l' erme ,torri degli avi no/ri1 ,ma la gloria non v$o1 ,non v$o il lauro e il f]ro ond' eran c>*i ,i no/ri padri anti*i4 ,or fatta in]me1 ,nuda la fronte e nudo il petto mo/ri4 ,oim quante f]ite1 ,*e lividor1 *e sangue6 oh qual ti veggio1 ,=mosissima donna6 ,io *i$o al cielo1 ,e al mondo3 dite1 dite3 ,*i la ridusse a tale8 ,e que/o peggio1 ,*e di cat5e ha c>5e ambe le braccia4 ,si *e sp>te le *iome e s5za velo ,si$e 9 t]ra negletta e sconsolata1 ,nascond5do la faccia ,tra le g9oc*ia1 e piange4 ,piangi1 *e b5 hai donde1 ,italia mia1 ,le g5ti a v9c] nata ,et nella fau/a sorte e nella ria4 ,^! odes1 :i* repres5t ! fir/ fruits ( 8 muse1 r+ ) en?usiasm4 ,!y are ! expression ( a s\l fir$ ) its own flame1 :i* s]ves to illum9e & vivify a !me !n only too real 9 8 c\ntry's exp]i5ce1 ! suff]+s ( ,italy4 ,patriotism p]vades 8 e>lie/ v]se2 sadness & hopelessness t ( lat] times4 ,= ^! two odes ,giordani be/[$ unsp>+ eulogy on 8 "y protg4 ,be=e _! appe>ance he _h begun to reg>d ,leop>di z ! ris+ g5ius ( ,italy1 & _h n hesitat$ to say to him1 ,inv5i hom9em6 ,n[1 h[ev]1 8 admiration 0 unb\nd$2 he ?us apo/rophis$ him3 ,o nobilissima1 e altissima1 e =tissima anima6 ,he ref]r$ to ! reception ( 8 poems at ,piac5za 9 ^! t]ms3 ,!y speak ( y z a god4 ,9 #ahbb ,leop>di fir/ left home4 ,repeat$ly1 ye> aft] ye>1 he _h bes\ght 8 fa!r to p]mit him to see some?+ ( ! _w4 ,he long$ to associate ) ! m5 :o repres5t$ ! intellect ( 8 c\ntry4 ,) 8 own fell[-t[nsm5 he _h little sympa?y1 & !y on _! "p reg>d$ him z a ph5om5on1 ecc5tric r ?an rem>kable4 ,!y gave him ! titles ( little p$ant1 philosoph]1 h]mit1 c41 9 half ironical appreciation ( 8 le>n+4 ,z he 0 naturally v s5sitive1 ^! petty vexations became int5sifi$ to him1 & 7 d\btless "o ( ! *ief reasons ( 8 unfail+ dislike = 8 native place4 ,9 "o ( 8 essays1 t ( ,p>9i on ,glory1 we discov] a ref]5ce to ,leop>di's life at ,recanati1 :i* place is really id5tical ) ! ,bosisio ( ! essay4 ,yet ! prophet :o is n a prophet 9 8 own c\ntry :5 liv+1 seldom fails ( recognition aft] dea?4 ,a /atue is n[ rais$ to ,leop>di 9 ! place t refus$ to hon\r him 9 life4 ,! appreciative recognition he fail$ to attract 9 ,recanati1 he hop$ to obta9 at ,rome4 ,b ,c\nt ,monaldo1 8 fa!r1 long ma9ta9$ 8 resi/ance to 8 son's wi%es4 ,himself ( a comp>atively unaspir+ m9d1 cont5t ) ! fame he c\ld acquire 9 8 own prov9ce1 he saw no necessity :y 8 son %\ld be m ambiti\s4 ,probably also 8 pat]nal love made him fe>ful ( ! dang]s ( ! _w1 to :i* 8 son w\ld be expos$4 ,( ^! haz>ds he knew no?+ f exp]i5ce2 & !y 7 d\btless magnifi$ to him by 8 imag9ation4 ,yet1 ?\gh naturally a man r defici5t 9 "* ?an o!rwise1 ,c\nt ,monaldo 01 z we h se51 9 8 own h\sehold1 a /]n n to say unreasonable discipl9>ian4 ,only aft] repeat$ solicitations f 8 son1 & remon/rances f 8 fri5ds1 did he give ,giacomo ! desir$ p]mission1 *iefly 9 ! hope t at ,rome he might be induc$ to ent] ! ,*ur*1 t[>ds :i* he _h latt]ly manife/$ "s signs ( repugnance4 ,! five mon?s sp5t by ,leop>di 9 ,rome suffic$ to dis5*ant him ( 8 ideas ( ! _w ( life4 ,a day or two aft] 8 arrival he writes to ,c>lo 8 bro!r3 ,i d n d]ive ! lea/ pleasure f ! great ?+s ,i see1 because ,i "k t !y are wond]ful1 )\t feel+ t !y are s4 ,i assure y _! multitude & gr&eur we>i$ me ! fir/ day4 7#be? ,novemb] #ahbb47 ,aga91 to ,paul9a 8 si/]3 ,! _w is n beautiful2 r x is insupportable1 unless se5 f a di/ance4 ,ev] prone to reg>d ! real ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ideal1 he 0 bitt]ly disappo9t$ ) 8 fir/ exp]i5ce ( m54 ,! s*ol>1 :om he 0 prep>$ to rev]e1 prov$ on acqua9tance to be-- a blockhead1 a torr5t ( small talk1 ! mo/ we>isome & afflict+ man on e>?4 ,he talks ab\t ! m]e/ trifles ) ! deepe/ int]e/1 ( ! greate/ ?+s ) an inf9ite imp]turbability4 ,he dr[ns y 9 complim5ts & exagg]at$ praises1 & does bo? 9 s freez+ a mann]1 & ) su* non*alance1 t to he> him "o w\ld ?9k an extraord9>y man ! mo/ ord9>y ?+ 9 ! _w4 7#be? ,novemb] #ahbb47 ,! /upide/ ,recanatese he t]m$ wis] & m s5sible ?an ! wise/ ,roman4 ,aga91 to 8 fa!r he compla9s ( ! sup]ficiality ( ! s-call$ s*ol>s ( ,rome4 ,!y all /rive to rea* immortality 9 a coa*1 z bad ,*ri/ians w\ld fa9 ent] ,p>adise4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! sum ( human wisdom1 inde$ ! only true sci5ce ( man1 is antiquity4 ,hi!rto ,i h n enc\nt]$ a lett]$ ,eoman :o und]/&s ! t]m lit]ature z mean+ any?+ except ar*ology4 ,philosophy1 e?ics1 politics1 eloqu5ce1 poetry1 philology1 are unkn[n ?+s 9 ,rome1 & are reg>d$ z *ildi% play?+s comp>$ to ! discov]y ( "s bit ( copp] or /one ( ! "t ( ,m>k ,antony or ,agrippa4 ,! be/ ( x is t "o _c f9d a s+le ,eoman :o really kn[s ,lat9 or ,greek2 )\t a p]fect acqua9tance ) :i* languages1 x is cle> t antiquity ,_c be ,/udi$4 7#i? ,decemb] #ahbb47 ,he 0 di%e>t5$ by ! deprav$ condition ( ,roman lit]ature4 ,ev]y:]e he saw m]it disreg>d$ or trodd5 "u foot4 ,! city 0 full ( pr(essional poets & poetesses1 & lit]>y cliques =m$ = ! purpose ( ! self-laudation ( _! memb]s4 ,illu/ri\s names ( ! pa/ 7 insult$ by ! pseudo-great m5 ( ! day1 ^: fame 0 f\nd$ on writ+s ( ! mo/ contemptible nature4 ,^! circum/ances made ,leop>di confess1 9 a lett] to 8 bro!r1 t _h he n ! h>b\r ( po/]ity1 & ! conviction t 9 "t all w\ld take its prop] place 7illusory hope1 b ! only1 & mo/ necess>y "o = ! true s*ol>71 7#af? ,decemb] #ahbb47 he w\ld ab&on lit]ature once = all4 ,b x 0 only dur+ mom5ts ( depression t su* words z ^! escap$ him4 ,he lov$ /udy = its own sake2 fame 01 aft] all1 b a second>y consid]ation4 ,nor 7 m5 ( g5u9e wor? entirely want+ 9 ,rome4 ,niebuhr1 !n ,prussian ambassador at ! ,papal ,c\rt1 ,re9hold1 ! ,dut* ambassador1 ,mai1 subsequ5tly a c>d9al1 7 noble exceptions to ! g5]al inf]iority4 ,by !m ,leop>di 0 highly e/eem$4 ,niebuhr especially 0 pr(\ndly /ruck ) 8 g5ius4 ,i h at la/ se5 a mod]n ,italian wor?y ( ! old ,italians & ! anci5t ,romans1 0 8 rem>k to ,de ,buns5 aft] 8 fir/ int]view ) ! "y s*ol>4 ,bo? he & ,de ,buns5 became firm fri5ds ) ,leop>di4 ,!y endeav\r$ _! utmo/ to procure = him "s (ficial appo9tm5t f ,c>d9al ,consalvi1 !n ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & 8 successor2 b ow+ to ! intrigues1 prejudices1 & di/urbances ( ! ,papal ,c\rt !y 7 unable to effect any?+ on 8 behalf4 ,x 0 an unfulfill$ int5tion ( ,de ,buns5's1 lat] 9 life1 to write a memoir ( ,leop>di1 = :om he always felt ! highe/ e/eem & admiration4 ,c\nt ,monaldo's wi% t 8 son %\ld become an ecclesia/ic 0 nev] realis$4 ,leop>di 0 ( too hone/ a nature to pr(ess :at 0 n 9 accordance ) 8 convictions4 ,! secul> employm5t t he s\ght1 he c\ld n obta91 s p]=ce he seems to h turn$ 8 m9d t[>ds lit]>y "w--! drudg]y ( lett]s z di/9ct f ! free1 untrammell$ pursuit ( lit]ature4 ,he obta9$ ! *>ge ( catalogu+ ! ,greek manuscripts ( ! ,b>b]9e ,libr>y1 & 8 spirits rose 9 anticipation ( "s discov]y he hop$ to make :i* might r5d] him fam\s4 ,9 due "t we w a/oni% ! _w1 he writes to 8 fa!r4 ,he 0 inde$ successful 9 f9d+ a fragm5t ( ,libanius hi!rto unpubli%$2 b ! glory seems to h be5 /ol5 f him1 s9ce ! manuscript 0 u%]$ =? to ! _w by ali5 h&s4 ,poor ,leop>di6 all 8 hopes seem$ de/9$ to be prov$ illusive4 ,x 0 "t = him to leave a place t c\ld furni% him ) no o!r pleasure ?an t ( te>s4 ,i visit$ ,tasso's grave1 & wept !re4 ,?is is ! fir/ & only pleasure ,i h exp]i5c$ 9 ,rome 7,lett] to ,c>lo1 ,febru>y #ae1 #ahbc74 ,already he _h begun to /eel himself to ! %ocks ( =tune2 suff]+ & mis=tune he c\ld be>2 m5tal agony & despair 7 too /rong = him4 ,9 a long lett] to 8 si/] ,paul9a1 he tries to imp>t to h] a little ( ! philosophy ( ,/oicism :i* he _h tak5 to himself4 ,%e 0 di/ress$ ab\t ! rupture ( a matrimonial arrangem5t contract$ by ! ,c\nt betwe5 h] & a c]ta9 ,roman g5tleman ( position & =tune4 ,leop>di ?us consoles h]3 ,hope is a v wild passion1 because x necess>ily c>ries ) x v great fe>4444 ,i assure y1 ,i ,paol9a mia1' t unless we c acquire a little indiff]5ce t[>ds ourselves1 life is sc>cely possible1 mu* less c x be happy4 ,y mu/ resign y\rself to =tune1 & n hope too deeply4444 ,i recomm5d ?is philosophy to y1 because ,i ?9k y resemble me 9 m9d & disposition4 7#ai? ,april #ahbc47 ,f\r ye>s lat] ,leop>di confesses ! insuffici5cy ( 8 own rem$ies4 ,writ+ to ,dr4 ,pucc9otti 9 #ahbg1 he says3 ,i am we>y ( life1 & we>y ( ! philosophy ( indiff]5ce :i* is ! only cure = mis=tune & ennui1 b :i* at l5g? becomes an ennui itself4 ,i look & hope = no?+ b dea?4 7#af? ,augu/ #ahbg47 ,9 ,may #ahbc1 he left ,rome1 & return$ to ,recanati4 ,! succe$+ t5 ye>s ( ,leop>di's life 71 dur+ 8 int]vals ( heal?1 devot$ to poetry & lit]ature4 ,he _h pass$ ! ,rubicon ( 8 hopes2 h5ce=? he /udi$ to exp\nd to ! _w ! uselessness ( its own anticipations1 & its ess5tial unhapp9ess4 ,8 bodily infirmities increas$ ) ye>s4 ,8 frame1 naturally weak1 suff]$ f ! effects ( e>ly ov]-application2 8 eyes & n]ves 7 a con/ant tr\ble to him4 ,to obta9 :at relief 0 possible f *ange ( air1 & to remove himself f ,recanati1 :i* he dete/$ increas+ly1 ,leop>di w5t to ,bologna1 ,flor5ce1 ,milan1 & ,pisa1 w9t]+ n[ at "o place1 n[ at ano!r4 ,f family reasons1 8 fa!r 0 unable to supply him ) suffici5t money to secure 8 indep5d5ce4 ,consequ5tly he 0 oblig$ to turn to lit]ature = a livelihood4 ,! publi%] ,/ella1 ( ,milan1 will+ly engag$ 8 s]vices1 & = sev]al ye>s ,leop>di 0 9 receipt ( a small b regul> paym5t = 8 lit]>y lab\rs4 ,he compil$ ,*re/oma?ies ( ,italian prose & poetry1 & made num]\s fragm5t>y translations f ! classics4 ,a comm5t>y on ,petr>*1 to :i* he devot$ mu* "t & c>e1 is1 9 ! words ( ,sa9te-,beuve1 ! be/ possible guide ?r\gh su* a *>m+ labyr9?4 ,z he said ( himself1 m$iocrity is n = me1 s 9 all t he und]took ! m>k ( 8 g5ius appe>$4 ,at ,flor5ce ,leop>di 0 hon\r$ by ! repres5tatives ( ,italian lit]ature & culture1 :o !re =m$ a brilliant cot]ie4 ,colletta 0 desir\s ( 8 co-op]ation 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,naples1 ) :i* he 0 occupy+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,! ,antologia & ,nuove ,ricoglitore reviews 7 op5 to contributions f 8 p54 ,giordani1 ,niccol9i1 ,capponi1 & ,giob]ti1 among/ o!rs1 welcom$ him ) op5 arms4 ,to ^! 8 ,tuscan fri5ds he d$icat$ 8 ,canti 9 #ahcj1 ) ! foll[+ t\*+ lett]3-- ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5ds1--,accept ! d$ication ( ?is book4 ,h]e9 ,i h /riv51 z is (t5 done 9 poetry1 to hall[ my suff]+s4 ,?is is my f>ewell 7,i _c b weep 9 say+ x7 to lit]ature & /udies4 ,once ,i hop$ ^! de> res\rces w\ld h be5 ! support ( my old age3 pleasures ( *ildhood & y\? might vani%1 ,i ?\ght1 & _! loss w\ld be supportable if ,i 7 ?us *]i%$ & /r5g!n$4 ,b ere ,i 0 tw5ty ye>s ( age1 my physical infirmities depriv$ me ( half my p[]s2 my life 0 tak51 yet dea? 0 n be/[$ on me4 ,eight ye>s lat] ,i became totally incapacitat$2 ?is1 x seems1 w be my future /ate4 ,ev5 to read ^! lett]s y "k t ,i make use ( o!r eyes ?an m9e4 ,de> fri5ds1 my suff]+s are incapable ( increase2 already my mis=tune is too great = te>s4 ,i h lo/ ev]y?+1 & am b a trunk t feels & suff]s4 444 ,x is sc>cely wond]ful t1 "u su* circum/ances1 8 philosophy %\ld fail him4 ,a code ( e?ics1 h[ev] admirable intr9sically1 has b cold consolation to (f] to "o ^: life is prolong$ pa94 ,leop>di at "o "t all[$ ! idea ( suicide to re/1 & almo/ take root1 9 8 m9d4 ,he describes ! incid5t3 ,a great desire comes into my m9d to t]m9ate once = all ^! wret*$ ye>s ( m9e1 & to make myself m completely motionless4 ,b he 0 ( a nature noble & /rong en\gh to resi/ su* temptation4 ,he left ,recanati = ! la/ "t 9 #ahcj4 ,! next two ye>s 7 pass$ 9 ,flor5ce1 ,rome1 & ,pisa4 ,:il/ 9 ,rome1 ,leop>di receiv$ sub/antial pro( ( 8 fame 9 be+ elect$ an ,academician ( ! ,crusca4 ,at l5g? ! doctors recomm5d$ him to try ,naples1 f ! mild air & g5]al salubrity ( :i* place !y anticipat$ mu* improvem5t 9 8 condition4 ,?i!r he w5t 9 company ) a "y fri5d1 ,antonio ,rani]i1 ^: acqua9tance he _h made 9 ,flor5ce4 ,9 ! h\se ( ,rani]i he /ay$ f #ahcc until 8 dea? 9 #ahcg1 t5d$ by him & 8 si/] ,paul9a 78 second ,paul9a1 z he us$ to call h]7 ) a devot$ness & affection z r>e z x 0 noble4 ,po/]ity w c\ple toge!r ! names ( ,rani]i & ,leop>di z naturally z we associate toge!r ^? ( ,sev]n & ,keats4 ,all t c\ld be done = ! un=tunate poet1 ,rani]i did4 ,8 condition 0 a s+ul> "o4 ,be=e he left ,flor5ce = ,naples1 ! doctor said ( him t 8 frame did n possess suffici5t vitality to g5]ate a mortal illness2 yet he 0 seldom1 if ev]1 free f suff]+4 ,he di$ on ! #ad? ,june #ahcg1 z he & 8 fri5d 7 on ! po9t ( sett+ out f ,naples to a little villa t ,rani]i possess$ on "o ( ! slopes ( ,vesuvius4 ,on ! night ( ! #ae? he 0 buri$1 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,vitale1 ne> ! reput$ grave ( ,virgil4 ,8 tomb is m>k$ by a /one erect$ at ! exp5se ( ,rani]i1 be>+ ! signs ( ! cross1 & ! owl ( ,m9]va1 toge!r ) an inscription f ! p5 ( ,giordani4 ,! few foll[+ l9es f 8 own v]se w\ld =m a suitable epitaph = "o ^: life 0 sp5t 9 bodily & m5tal disquietude3-- ,o we>y he>t1 = ev] %alt ?\ re/ ,h5ce=?4 ,p]i%$ is ! great delusion ,t ,i ?\ght w\ld ne'er h left me4 ,p]i%$6 ,n\ght n[ is left ( all ^? de> deceits2 ,desire is dead1 & n a hope rema9s4 ,re/ !n = ev]4 ,?\ ha/ ?robb$ en\gh2 ,no?+ "h is wor? su* palpitations4 ,our life is valueless1 = x consi/s ,( n\ght b ennui1 bitt]ness1 & pa94 ,?is _w ( clay des]ve? n a sigh4 ,n[ calm ?yself2 conceive ?y la/ despair1 ,& wait = dea?1 ! only gift ( ,fate4 7,poem ,a ,se ,/esso47 ,^! words might h be5 an e*o ( kyamuni's utt]ance b5ea? ! sacr$ fig-tree ( ,bdhim&a1 :51 accord+ to ! leg5d1 he 0 9 process ( trans=mation f man to ,buddha3 ! resemblance is at any rate a rem>kable "o4 ,9 #ahdf1 ! ,jesuits made an impud5t attempt to conv9ce ! public t ,leop>di di$ rep5t+ ( 8 philosophical views1 & t he _h previ\sly express$ a desire to ent] ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,a long lett] f a c]ta9 ,francesco ,sc>pa to 8 ,sup]ior1 giv+ a numb] ( pret5d$ details ( ,leop>di's hi/ory1 conv]sion1 & dea?1 appe>$ 9 a ,neapolitan publication1 entitl$ ,sci5ce & ,fai?4 ,rani]i came =w>d to %[ ! entire falsity ( ^! /atem5ts2 & to give a m au?oritative d5ial to !m1 he engag$ ! will+ help ( ,vic5zo ,giob]ti4 ,! latt] 9 8 ,mod]n ,jesuit conte/$ _! tru? 9 e respect4 ,he said3 ,! /ory put =w>d 9 ?is lett] is a tissue ( lies & delib]ate inv5tions2 x is %e] romance f beg9n+ to end4 ,x is ?\ght by "s p t ,leop>di's fa!r 0 conc]n$ 9 ?is ,jesuit manife/o4 ,b1 al?\gh ! ,c\nt 0 d\btless %ock$ beyond measure t 8 son did n hold ! same beliefs z himself1 x is sc>cely cr$ible t he %\ld concoct a s]ies ( su* absurdities z 7 conta9$ 9 ,sc>pa's lett]4 ,leop>di anticipat$ t po/]ity1 & ev5 8 contempor>ies1 w\ld endeav\r to expla9 ! pessimism ( 8 philosophy by 8 p]sonal mis=tunes & suff]+s4 ,accord+ly1 9 a lett] to ! philologi/ ,s9n]1 he ent]$ a prote/ aga9/ su* a supposition3 ,h[ev] great my suff]+s may h be51 ,i d n seek to dim9i% !m by com=t+ myself ) va9 hopes1 & ?\ghts ( a future & unkn[n happ9ess4 ,?is same c\rage ( my convictions has l$ me to a philosophy ( despair1 :i* ,i d n hesitate to accept4 ,x is ! c[>dice ( m51 :o w\ld fa9 reg>d exi/5ce z some?+ v valuable1 t in/igates !m to consid] my philosophical op9ions z ! result ( my suff]+s1 & t makes !m p]si/ 9 *>g+ to my mat]ial circum/ances t :i* is due to no?+ b my und]/&+4 ,be=e ,i die1 ,i wi% to make prote/ aga9/ ?is imputation ( weakness & trifl+2 & ,i w\ld beg ( my read]s to burn my writ+s r ?an attribute !m to my suff]+s4 7#bd? ,may #ahcb47 ,rani]i ?us describes ,leop>di's p]sonal appe>ance3 ,he 0 ( middle height1 incl9$ to /oop1 & fragile2 8 complexion 0 pale2 8 head 0 l>ge1 & 8 br[ expansive2 8 eyes 7 blue & languid2 8 nose 0 well =m$ 7slightly aquil9e71 & 8 o!r features 7 v delicately *isell$2 8 voice 0 s(t & r weak2 & he _h an ineffable & almo/ cele/ial smile4 ,8 fri5d "h sc>cely ev5 sugge/s :at o!rs h p]haps unduly emphasis$1 t is1 ,leop>di's de=mity4 ,he 0 slightly humpback$2 d\btless ! consequ5ce ( ^? /udies :i* simultane\sly ru9$ him & made him fam\s4 ,x 7 an omission n to ref] to ! influ5ce :i* love ex]t$ ov] ,leop>di's life4 ,s /rong 0 ?is1 9 ! op9ion ( "o ( 8 critics1 t he ev5 ascribes 8 philosophy to an infelicissimo amore4 ,ano!r writ] says ( him t 8 ideal 0 a woman4 ,rani]i ass]ts t he di$ unm>ri$1 aft] hav+ twice felt ! passion ( love z viol5tly z x 0 ev] realis$ by any man4 ,8 poems also te/ify h[ omnipot5t at "o "t 0 ?is bitt]-sweet s5sation4 ,i recall to m9d ! day :5 love fir/ assault$ me2 :5 ,i said1 ,alas6 if ?is be love1 h[ x pa9s me6 7,! ,fir/ ,love47 ,aga93 ,x 0 morn+1 ! "t :5 a light & sweet] sleep presses our re/$ lids4 ,! sun's fir/ grey light began to gleam across ! balcony1 ?r\gh ! clos$ w9d[s into my /ill d>k5$ *amb]4 ,!n x 0 t ,i saw close by1 reg>d+ me ) fix$ eyes1 ! phantom =m ( h] :o fir/ taught me to love1 & left me ,weep+4 7,! ,dream47 ,8 poem to ,aspasia is a frank confession ( love1 & ! humiliation he suff]$ 9 its rejection4 ,x is a noble1 yet a t]rible poem4 ,op5+ ) a description ( ! sc5e t met 8 eye z he ent]$ ! room :]e 8 *>m] sat1 rob$ 9 ! hue ( ! melan*oly violet1 & surr\nd$ by a wondr\s luxury1 press+ t5d] & burn+ kisses on ! r\nd lips ( h] *ildr51 & display+ h] sn[y neck1 he saw z x 7 a new heav51 & a new e>?1 & ! lu/re ( a cele/ial light4 ,l a div9e ray1 ,o woman1 ?y beauty dazzl$ my ?\ght4 ,beauty is l su* music z seems to op5 out to u an unkn[n ,elysium4 ,he :o loves is fill$ ) ! ec/asy ( ! phantom love conceiv$ by 8 imag9ation4 ,9 ! woman ( 8 love he seeks to discov] ! beauties ( 8 inspir$ vision2 9 8 words & actions he tries to recognise ! p]sonality ( 8 dreams4 ,?us :5 he /ra9s h] to 8 bosom1 x is n ! woman1 b ! phantom ( 8 dream t he embraces4 ,!n comes ! awak5+4 ,he vitup]ates ! reality = n atta9+ to ! /&>d ( 8 ideal4 ,r>ely ! woman's nature is comp>able ) t ( ! dream image4 ,no ?\ght l ours c dwell b5ea? ^? n>r[ br[s4 ,va9 is ! hope t man =ges 9 ! fire ( ^? sp>kl+ eyes4 ,he errs 9 seek+ pr(\nd & l(ty ?\ghts 9 "o :o is by nature inf]ior to man 9 all ?+s4 ,z h] memb]s are frail] & s(t]1 s is h] m9d m feeble & conf9$4 ,he betrays 8 position1 & gives ! key to 8 unju/ c5sure ( woman's p[]s4 ,n[1 boa/ ?yself1 = ?\ can/ d s4 ,tell h[ ?\ art ! only "o ( ?y sex to :om ,i h b5t my pr\d head1 & (f]$ my inv9cible he>t4 ,tell h[ ?\ ha/ se5 me ) besee*+ br[s1 timid & trembl+ be=e !e 7,i burn ) indignation & %ame 9 ! av[al71 wat*+ ?y e sign & ge/ure1 beside myself 9 adoration ( !e1 & *ang+ expression & col\r at ! slighte/ ( ?y looks4 ,! *>m is brok52 my yoke is on ! gr\nd1 sund]$ at a s+le bl[4 7,aspasia47 ,:o 7 ! real objects ( ,leop>di's affection1 is n at all cle>4 ,c]ta9 village girls ( ,recanati1 immortalis$ 9 8 v]se z ,n]9a & ,silvia1 7 ! inspir]s ( 8 fir/ love2 b 8 bro!r ,c>lo be>s witness to ! sup]ficial nature ( 8 affection 9 _! cases4 ,!y m]ely s]v$ z ! awak5]s ( ! s5sation2 8 own m9d & imag9ation magnifi$ x into a passion4 ,true x is t 8 nature 0 "o t ye>n$ & crav$ = love 9 no ord9>y degree4 ,:5 at ,rome1 isolat$ f 8 family1 he wrote to ,c>lo3 ,love me1 = ,god's sake4 ,i ne$ love1 love1 love1 fire1 en?usiasm1 life4 ,he address$ simil> dem&s to ,giordani & o!rs ) :om he 0 on ! mo/ intimate t]ms4 ,inde$ we are tempt$ to conjectures z to :at might h be5 ! fruit ( ,leop>di's life _h he f\nd a helpmate & a consol] 9 8 tr\bles4 ,a brief consid]ation ( ! g5]al nature ( ,leop>di's poetry & prose may n be out ( place 9 ?is %ort summ>y4 ,8 poems are ma/]pieces ( conception & execution4 ,_! matt] may be op5 to criticism2 b _! mann] is beyond praise4 ,8 odes are ( ! nobl] k9d4 ,full ( fire & vig\r1 !y rea* ! sublime :]e he /imulates 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 to action1 & urges !m to aspire to a fre$om1 happily n[ obta9$4 ,8 elegies brea! out an inspir$ sorr[4 ,!y are ! pro-duct ( a m9d fill$ ) ! s5se ( ! mis]y t ab\nds on e>?1 & unable1 ?\gh desir\s1 to disc]n a s+le ray ( light 9 ! gloom ( exi/5ce4 ,8 lyrical pieces are ! mo/ beautiful & emotional ( 8 poems4 ,! foll[+1 entitl$ ,! ,sett+ ( ! ,moon1 ?\gh p]vad$ ) ! _s ( sadness t is s pr$om9ant a *>act]i/ic ( ,leop>di's v]se1 conta9s "s *>m+ imag]y3-- ,z 9 ! lonely night1 ov] ! silv]$ fields & ! wat]s :]e ! zephyrs play1 :]e ! f>-(f %ades take a ?\s& vague appe>ances & deceitful =ms1 amid ! tranquil waves1 ! foliage & ! h$ges1 ! hill-slopes & ! villages1 ! moon arriv$ at heav5's b\nd>y desc5ds beh9d ! ,alps & ,ap5n9es into ! inf9ite bosom ( ! ,tyrrh5ian ,sea2 :il/ ! _w gr[s pale1 & ! %ad[s disappe>1 & a mantle ( d>kness %r\ds ! valley & ! hills2 night alone rema9s1 & ! c>t] s++ on 8 way salutes ) a sad melody ! la/ reflection ( t flee+ light :i* hi!rto _h l$ 8 /eps3 ,s vani%es our y\?1 & leaves u solit>y ) life4 ,s flee away ! %ad[s :i* veil$ illusive joys2 & s die too ! di/ant hopes on :i* our mortal nature re/$4 ,life is left desolate & d>k1 & ! travell]1 try+ to pi]ce ! gloom1 looks "h & !re1 b seeks 9 va9 to "k ! way1 or :at ! j\rney yet be=e him2 he sees t all on e>? is /range1 & he a /rang] dwell+ !re4444 ,y little hills & /r&s1 :5 falls ! light :i* silv]s 9 ! we/ ! veil ( night1 %all n = long be orphan$4 ,on ! o!r side ( heav5 ! fir/ grey light ( dawn %all soon be foll[$ by ! sun1 ^: fi]y rays %all flood y & ! e!real fields ) a lum9\s /ream4 ,b mortal life1 :5 *]i%$ y\? has gone1 has no new dawn1 nor ev] ga9s new light2 wid[$ to ! end x /ays1 & on life's o!r %ore1 made d>k by night1 ! gods h set ! tomb's d>k seal4 ,9 8 int]pretation ( nature he is lit]al1 b )al truly poetic3 he wor%ips h] 9 ! concrete1 b vitup]ates h] 9 ! ab/ract1 z repres5tative to him ( omnipres5t ,deity1 creative1 b also de/ructive4 ,! two or ?ree poems t may be t]m$ satirical1 are at ! same "t half elegiac4 ,9 !m he ridicules & c5sures ! folly ( 8 contempor>ies1 & m\rns ov] ! my/]y ( ?+s4 ,to ^!1 h[ev]1 !re is "o exception1 ! longe/ ( all 8 poems4 ,?is is kn[n z ! ,cont9uation ( ! ,battle ( ! ,frogs & ,mice1 ,x consi/s ( eight cantos1 compris+ ab\t ?ree ?\s& l9es1 & 0 fir/ publi%$ po/hum\sly4 ,! abruptness ( its end+ gives ! idea1 errone\s or n1 ( incomplet5ess4 ,leop>di _h1 sev]al ye>s be=e1 translat$ & v]sifi$ ,hom]'s ,batra*omyoma*ia1 & ?is satire takes up ! /ory :]e ,hom] ends4 ,x is exclusively a ridicule ( ! times1 ) especial ref]5ce to 8 own c\ntry & h] national enemy1 ,au/ria4 ,9 /yle & treatm5t x has be5 comp>$ ) ,byron's ,don ,juan1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 x totally diff]s 9 its intr9sic "*4 ,x ab\nds 9 beauties ( description1 s5tim5t1 & expression1 & well des]ves to be consid]$ 8 *ef d'oeuvre4 ,leop>di ?us describes 8 me?od ( poetic composition3-- ,i compose only :5 "u an inspiration1 yield+ to :i*1 9 two m9utes1 ,i h design$ & organis$ ! poem4 ,?is done1 ,i wait = a recurr5ce ( su* inspiration1 :i* seldom happ5s until sev]al weeks h elaps$4 ,!n ,i set to "w at composition1 bub s sl[ly t ,i _c complete a poem1 h[ev] %ort1 9 less ?an two or ?ree weeks4 ,su* is my me?od2 )\t inspiration x 7 easi] to draw wat] f a /one ?an a s+le v]se f my bra94 ,leop>di's reputation 0 firmly e/abli%$ by ! appe>ance ( 8 ,op]ette morali1 z 8 prose writ+s 7 t]m$4 ,monti class$ !m z ! be/ ,italian prose compositions ( ! c5tury4 ,giob]ti comp>$ !m to ! writ+ ( ,ma*iavelli4 ,giordani1 ) 8 usual t5d5cy to extravagance1 gives 8 fri5d ! foll[+ pomp\s panegyric3--,8 /yle possesses ! concis5ess ( ,sp]oni1 ! gr&iloqu5ce ( ,tasso1 ! smoo?ness ( ,p>uta1 ! purity ( ,gelli1 ! wit ( ,fir5zuola1 ! solidity & magnific5ce ( ,pallavic9o1 ! imag9ation ( ,plato1 & ! elegance ( ,cic]o4 ,leop>di has be5 aptly t]m$ an ari/ocrat 9 8 writ+4 ,too mu* ( a reason] to be v popul> ) ! masses1 :o d n c>e = ! ex]tion ( su/a9$ ?\ght1 8 logic is /rik+ly cle> to ! intellig5t4 ,8 p]iods are occasionally z long z ^? ( ,ma*iavelli or ,guicci>d9i1 b _! cont9uity & signification are nev] obscure4 ,rani]i be>s witness to ! fact t 8 prose 0 ! fruit ( v great lab\r4 ,! subject & t5d5cy ( ,leop>di's writ+s w be evid5t to ! read] ( ! foll[+ dialogues4 ,fram$ on ! model ( ,lucian1 !y w comp>e fav\rably ) ! writ+s ( ! ,greek satiri/ 9 subtlety & wit1 9 spite ( _! sombre tone4 ,!y _c be said to possess mu* orig9ality1 save 9 treatm5t4 ,! subjects discuss$1 & ev5 ! argum5ts introduc$1 are mo/ly old4 ,e acute moralis] s9ce ! _w began has1 9 m or less degree comm5surate ) 8 ability1 debat$ )9 himself ! problems "h consid]$4 ,facts1 beliefs1 op9ions1 !ories1 may be m>%all$ to produce an inf9ite numb] ( div]se h>monies2 b no "o su* comb9ation =m$ by ! m9d ( man may be put =w>d z ! true & ultimate explanation ( ! my/]y ( life4 ,leibnitz1 ) 8 h>mony ( univ]sal good1 is z fallible z ,leop>di or ,s*op5hau] ) _! h>monies ( evil4 ,9 ei!r case ! real is sacrific$ to ! ideal1 :e!r ( good or evil4 ,ei!r f temp]am5t or circum/ances1 ^! philosoph]s 7 pr$ispos$ to give judgm5t on life1 fav\rably or adv]sely1 )\t duly consid]+ ! attributes ( exi/5ce4 ,z ,m4 ,dapples1 9 8 ,fr5* v]sion ( ,leop>di1 has rem>k$1 he e>ly )drew f actual life1 i4e41 life ) all ^? manifold s5sations :i* he himself def9es to be ! only con/itu5ts ( pleasure 9 exi/5ce4 ,8 body prov$ little else ?an ! s5sation ( suff]+4 ,all 8 vitality 0 conc5trat$ 9 8 m9d2 s t he 0 sc>cely a compet5t & imp>tial judge ( ! ord9>y pleasures & ills ( life4 ,he c\ld n be o!rwise ?an prejudic$ by 8 own exp]i5ces1 or r lack ( exp]i5ces4 ,yet1 ?\gh ,leop>di 0 physically incapable ( _m ( life's pleasures1 he none ! less passionately ye>n$ = !m4 ,/r5g? & desire /ruggl$ )9 him1 & ! =m] only too frequ5tly prov$ weak] ?an ! latt]4 ,?us he 0 innately adapt$ = pessimism4 ,we consid] ,leop>di to h be5 a man ( ! gr&e/ intellectual p[]s1 capable orig9ally ( almo/ any?+ to :i* ! human m9d c\ld atta92 b t 8 reason1 lat] 9 life1 became some:at p]v]t$ by 8 suff]+s4 ,7 human life z absolutely mis]able a ?+ z he repres5ts x to be1 x w\ld be insupportable4 ,t he %\ld s reg>d x does n seem rem>kable :5 we consid] 8 circum/ances2 he 0 poor1 seldom free f pa91 & unsupport$ by a cre$4 ,= ! suff]+s ( 8 life1 he c\ld see no %ad[ ( atonem5t or comp5sation3 a future /ate 0 incompreh5sible to him4 ,he be/[s mu* gratuit\s pity on ! human race1 :i* we1 ?\gh rev]+ 8 g5ius1 may return to him z m des]v+ ( x ?an ourselves4 ,8 he>t 0 naturally full ( ! mo/ lively affection2 b he c\ld nev] suffici5tly satisfy ! ye>n+s ( 8 nature4 ,l ,ottoni]i1 ^: portrait is 8 own to a great ext5t1 8 in/9cts 7 noble2 l him also he di$ )\t effect+ mu* 9 proportion to 8 p[]s4 ,! conclusions ( ,leop>di's philosophy may be ?us summ$ up4 ,! univ]se is an enigma1 totally insoluble4 ,! suff]+s ( mank9d exce$ all good t m5 exp]i5ce1 e/imat+ ! latt] 9 comp5sation = ! =m]4 ,progress1 or1 z we call x1 civilisation1 in/ead ( light5+ man's suff]+s1 increases !m2 s9ce x enl>ges 8 capacity = suff]+1 )\t proportionately augm5t+ 8 means ( enjoym5t4 ,h[ f> are ^! conclusions refutable8 ,x may be reg>d$ z indubitable t ! fir/ two _c be refut$ )\t ! aid ( revelation4 ,sci5ce is incompet5t to expla9 ! :y & ! :]e=e ( ! univ]se2 x is yet grop+ to discov] ! h[4 ,/ill less c any satisfactory explanation be giv5 ( ! purpose = :i* suff]+ exi/s1 unless we rely on revelation4 ,religion1 :i* mod]n philosoph]s some:at contemptu\sly designate z popul> metaphysics1 c alone af=d an explanation ( ^! problems4 kyamuni1 ne>ly #bejj ye>s ago1 ask$1 ,:at is ! cause ( all ! mis]ies & suff]+s ) :i* man is afflict$8 ,he himself gave :at he consid]$ to be ! correct answ]3 ,exi/5ce2 & !n he trac$ exi/5ce to ! passions & desires innate 9 man4 ,^! la/ 7 to be conqu]$ 9 ! condition ( ins5sibility to all mat]ial ?+s call$ ,nirvana1 ,truly 8 rem$y 0 a radical "o1 & _h he succe$$ 9 procur+ univ]sal acceptance = 8 doctr9es1 ! human race w\ld h become ext9ct a few g5]ations lat] ?an 8 own "t4 ,b ,nirvana is unnatural if x be no?+ else2 unnatural 9 itself & 9 ! /eps t lead up to x4 ,& al?\gh x is due to ,s*op5hau]1 & 8 m or less het]odox disciples1 t ?is ,buddhi/ic dogma is reg>d$ !oretically by "s p ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( fav\r1 we ?9k ! in/9cts ( life are /rong en\gh )9 !m all to resi/ any decid$ incl9ation on _! "p to c>ry x into effect4 ,z = ! ?ird conclusion1 x mu/ be admitt$ t man's susceptibilities ( suff]+ are enl>g$ ) increas+ culture4 ,leop>di has %[n u t ! m vividly we realise ! evils t surr\nd & affect u1 s mu* ! m ke5ly d !y ar\se 9 u s5sations ( pa94 ,k ( !m makes u suff] f !m4 ,! bliss ( ignorance is rudely dispell$ by ! cold h& ( sci5ce4 ,b mu/ ?is necess>ily cont9ue8 ,may n ! same progress :i* exposes ! w\nd f9d ! salve to heal x8 ,we tru/ & ?9k s1 9 spite ( all ass]tions to ! contr>y4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! ne> future ( humanity t ne$ al>m u3 m5 w n "w less because !y ?9k m2 nor is !re any suffici5t reason to %[ t increas+ k mu/ repres5t increas+ sorr[4 ,z ,johnson has said3 ,! cure = ! greate/ "p ( human mis]ies is n radical b palliative4 ,= ! mat]ial means ( palliation we look to sci5ce4 ,we hope & ?9k t !re is good to be ga9$ f ^! writ+s ( ,leop>di1 9 spite ( ! tone ( despair t r+s ?r\gh\t !m4 ,8 !ory ( ! infelicit ( ?+s1 *e]less ?\gh x be1 (t5 sugge/s ideas1 sublime 9 !mselves & noble 9 _! effect2 & ! v ess5ce ( 8 philosophy resolves itself into a recomm5dation to act1 r ?an by contemplation to lose ! p[] ( action2 =1 z he says1 ,a life mu/ be active & vigor\s1 else x is n true life1 & dea? is pref]able to x4 ,a brief ref]5ce to ! mo/ rec5t publications on ,leop>di may be int]e/+ z t5d+ to ?r[ light on 8 dome/ic relation%ips1 & z giv+ u an idea ( 8 own habits 9 private life4 ,antonio ,rani]i 7n[ 9 8 sev5ty-six? ye>7 9 a book#a publi%$ at ,naples 9 #ahhj gives _m int]e/+ details ( ! poet's life4 ,he fir/ met him at ,flor5ce1 & 0 t\*$ ) compassion = 8 un=tunate /ate4 ,ill & helpless1 he 0 incapable ( do+ any?+ b weep 9 despair at ! ?\ght ( be+ oblig$ to return to 8 native place4 ,recanati & dea? are to me "o & ! same ?+1 he exclaim$ ?r\gh 8 te>s4 ,rani]i 9 a g5]\s mom5t repli$3 ,leop>di1 y %all n return to ,recanati4 ,! little t ,i possess is en\gh = two4 ,z a b5efit to me1 n to y\rself1 we w h5ce=? live toge!r4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( :at ,rani]i calls 8 vita nuova4 ,he conduct$ ,leop>di f ,flor5ce to ,rome2 !nce back to ,flor5ce2 & f9ally f ,flor5ce to ,naples4 ,! doctors ev]y:]e %rugg$ _! %\ld]s at 8 case1 & sugge/$1 z delicately z possible1 ! mortal nature ( 8 maladies4 ,at ,naples ,rani]i & 8 si/] ,paul9a did all !y c\ld = ,leop>di1 & f #ahcc to 8 dea? 9 #ahcg suppli$ all 8 wants4 ,he c\ld seldom see to read or write4 ,we us$ to read to him con/antly & regul>ly1 & 7 =tunately conv]sant ) ! languages he knew1 says ,rani]i4 ,occasionally he 0 able to g to ! !atre1 & enjoy$ x greatly4 ,9 8 habits he seems to h tri$ 8 fri5d's temp] & pati5ce consid]ably4 ,he 0 wont to turn night into day1 & day into night4 ,rani]i & 8 si/] (t5 did ! same 9 ord] to read1 "w1 & talk ) him4 ,he breakfa/$ betwe5 ?ree & five o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 & d9$ ab\t midnight4 ,l ,s*op5hau]1 he delight$ 9 aft]-d9n] conv]sation1 :i* he t]m$ "o ( ! greate/ pleasures ( life4 ,he 0 v ob/9ate 9 p]sonal matt]s1 disobey+ ! doctors 9 8 diet & ev]y?+ else4 ,8 fondness = 8 old clo!s 0 rem>kable2 he lov$ !m = _! associations4 ,rani]i m5tions a c]ta9 v anci5t ov]coat :i* = sev5 ye>s _h torm5t$ him1 & :i* he us$ to entreat ,leop>di to lay aside1 b :i* he clung to ) an incr$ible affection1 pref]r+ x to a new "o t he all[$ ! mo?s to de/roy4 ,! m]e names ( w9d1 cold1 & sn[ 7 en\gh to pale him4 ,he c\ld n be> fire1 & =m]ly us$ to pass ! w9t]s ?ree p>ts subm]g$ 9 a sack ( fea!rs1 read+ & writ+ ?us ! great] "p ( ! day4 ,he 0 v t]rifi$ :5 ! *ol]a appe>$ at ,naples1 to avoid :i* he & ,rani]i w5t to a c\ntry h\se ( ! latt]'s on "o ( ! slopes ( ,vesuvius4 ,"h ,leop>di wrote 8 poem ,la ,g9e/ra1 inspir$ by ! desolate sc5es at ! foot ( ! m\nta94 ,he di$ sudd5ly at ,naples1 z he & ,rani]i's h\sehold 7 ab\t to set (f aga9 = ! c\ntry4 ,! ,neapolitan ,j\rnal ,il ,progresso1 9 an article on ,lis dea?1 rem>k$ ( him t su* brilliancy is n all[$ to illum9e ! e>? = long4 ,notes ,biographiques sur ,leop>di et sa ,famille 7,p>is1 #ahha74 ,?is is a book ( consid]able value4 ,writt5 by ! wid[ ( ,c\nt ,c>lo ,leop>di1 ,giacomo's y\ng] bro!r1 & 8 o!r self1 x is mo/ valuable z del9eat+ ! *>act]s ( ,leop>di's fa!r & "m4 ,a s(t] light is %$ on ! "* ( ,leop>di's "m4 ,we le>n t %e 0 n passionless1 h>d1 & unsympa!tic1 z we _h previ\sly suppos$ h] to be4 ,on ! contr>y1 %e 0 a good woman1 ( deep affection1 :o made x ! aim ( h] m>ri$ life to "w = ! welf>e ( ! family ( :i* %e became a memb]4 ,weight$ ) debt almo/ to ! po9t ( exhau/ion1 ! e/ates ( ,casa ,leop>di ne$$ a skilful & vigor\s adm9i/rator1 if !y 7 to cont9ue 9 ! h&s ( _! old own]s4 ,c\nt ,monaldo ,leop>di 0 n su* an adm9i/rator4 ,he 0 a man devot$ t\t enti] sci5ce1 & occupy+ himself m ) bibliology & ar*ology ?an ) ! f9ances ( 8 e/ate4 ,! ,jews ( ,p]\sa1 ,milan1 & ! ,m>* t[ns w\ld1 soon] or lat]1 h tight5$ _! hold on ! ,leop>di patrimony to su* a degree t ! anci5t family c\ld only h cont9u$ to exi/ z proprietors on suff]ance4 ,b1 9 ! words ( ! au?oress ( ?is book1 ,provid5ce wat*$ ov] ! h\se en lui envoyant dans la jeune m>quise ,adelaide ,antici l'ange qui devait la sauv]4 ,! "y bride accept$ h] position ) an entire k ( ! responsibilities t w\ld accompany x4 ,%e took ! re9s ( ! neglect$ adm9i/ration1 & set h]self ! task ( re/or+ ! =tunes ( ,casa ,leop>di4 ,by h] ex]tions ! ,pope 0 made acqua9t$ ) _! difficulties1 & by 8 int]v5tion an arrangem5t 0 made betwe5 ! cr$itors & ! ,leop>di family1 :]eby ! =m] 7 re/ra9$ f dem&+ ! am\nt ( _! debt = =ty ye>s1 receiv+ !reon 9 ! mean "t int]e/ at #h p] c5t1 p] annum4 ,?is 0 ! life-"w ( ,c\ntess ,leop>di4 ,dur+ =ty ye>s %e adm9i/]$ ! f9ances ( ,casa ,leop>di1 & by ! end ( t "t succe$$ 9 free+ ! family f ! burd5 ) :i* x _h be5 long encumb]$4 ,%e di$ 9 #aheg1 t5 ye>s aft] h] husb&1 & tw5ty ye>s lat] ?an h] elde/ son1 ,giacomo4 ,,/4 ,,m>k',s ,,place1 ,,wolv]hampton1 ,decemb]1 #ahha4 ,footnote #a3 ,sette anni di ,sodalizio con ,giacomo ,leop>di4 ,! foll[+ works1 among/ o!rs1 h be5 made use ( 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is volume3-- ,op]e ,leop>di4 #f vols4 ,fir5ze1 #ahde4 ,op]e in$ite ,leop>di4 ,cugnoni3 ,halle1 #ahgh4 ,/udio di ,leop>di4 ,a4 ,b>agiola3 ,/rasburg1 #ahgf4 ,traduction complte de ,leop>di4 ,f4 ,a4 ,aul>d3 ,p>is1 #ahhj4 ,opuscules et ,p5ses de ,leop>di4 ,a4 ,dapples3 ,p>is1 #ahhj4 ,g4 ,leop>di3 sa ,vie et ses ,oeuvres4 ,b\* ,lecl]cq3 ,p>is1 #ahgd4 ,le ,pessimisme4 ,e4 ,c>o3 ,p>is1 #ahgh4 ,pessimism4 ,jas4 ,sully3 ,london1 #ahgg4 ,la ,philosophie de ,s*op5hau]4 ,?4 ,ribot3 ,p>is1 #ahgd4 ,il ,buddha1 ,confucio1 e ,lao-,tse4 ,c4 ,pu9i3 ,fir5ze1 #ahgh4 ,artide 9 ,qu>t]ly ,review on ,leop>di4 #ahej4 ,artide 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e1 ,leop>di & 8 ,fa!r3 a ,/udy1 by ,l4 ,vill>i4 ,novemb] #ahha4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,race4 ,x is said t ! fir/ inhabitants ( ! e>? 7 ev]y:]e creat$ simultane\sly4 ,:il/ *ildr5 !y 7 f$ by bees1 goats1 & doves1 z ! poets say ! infant ,jove 0 n\ri%$4 ,! e>? 0 mu* small] ?an x is at pres5t1 & devoid ( m\nta9s & hills4 ,! sky 0 />less4 ,!re 0 no sea2 & ! _w z a :ole 0 f> less v>i$ & beautiful ?an x n[ is4 ,yet m5 7 nev] we>y ( look+ at ! sky & ! e>?1 :i* excit$ )9 !m feel+s ( wond] & admiration4 ,!y consid]$ !m bo? to be ( inf9ite ext5t1 maje/y1 & magnific5ce4 ,_! s\ls 7 fill$ ) joy\s hopes1 & e s5sation ( life gave !m inexpressible pleasure4 ,_! cont5tm5t daily increas$1 s t !y at l5g? ?\ght !mselves supremely happy4 ,9 ?is peaceful /ate ( m9d !y pass$ _! infancy & y\?4 ,arriv$ at a mature age1 _! feel+s began to exp]i5ce "s alt]ation4 ,z _! e>ly hopes1 to :i* !y _h p]sev]+ly adh]$1 fail$ ( realisation1 !y no long] put fai? 9 !m4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 pres5t happ9ess isolat$ f anticipation ( ! future1 did n suffice !m2 especially see+ t1 ei!r f habit or because ! *>m ( a fir/ acqua9tance%ip _h worn (f1 nature & all ! incid5ts ( life gave !m mu* less pleasure ?an at fir/4 ,!y travell$ ov] ! e>?1 & visit$ ! mo/ di/ant l&s4 ,?is !y c\ld easily d1 because !re 7 nei!r seas1 m\nta9s1 nor ob/acles ( any k9d to oppose !m4 ,aft] a few ye>s1 mo/ m5 _h prov$ ! f9ite nature ( ! e>?1 ! b\nd>ies ( :i* 7 by no means s remote z to be unatta9able4 ,!y f\nd too1 t all c\ntries ( ! _w1 & all m51 ) b slight diff]5ces1 7 alike4 ,^! discov]ies ,i s greatly increas$ _! discont5t1 t a we>9ess ( life became preval5t among m5 ev5 be=e !y _h pass$ ! ?re%old ( manhood4 ,& z m5 grew old]1 ?is feel+ gradually trans=m$ itself into a hatr$ ( exi/5ce1 s t at l5g?1 seiz$ by despair1 !y 9 "o way or ano!r hesitat$ n to ab&on ! light & life once s belov$4 ,x seem$ to ! gods a %ock+ ?+ t liv+ creatures %\ld pref] dea? to life1 & %\ld de/roy !mselves = no o!r reason ?an t !y 7 we>y ( exi/5ce4 ,x also amaz$ !m beyond measure to f9d _! gifts held 9 su* contempt1 & s unequivocally reject$ by m54 ,!y ?\ght ! _w _h be5 end[$ ) suffici5t beauty1 goodness1 & h>mony to make x n m]ely a be>able1 b ev5 a highly enjoyable place ( resid5ce = e liv+ ?+1 & especially = man1 :om !y _h fabricat$ ) peculi> c>e1 & a m>vell\s p]fection4 ,at ! same "t1 t\*$ ) a deep feel+ ( compassion = ! di/ress m5 exhibit$1 !y began to fe> le/ ! r5ewal & increase ( ^! deplorable actions might n soon result 9 ! ext9ction ( ! human race1 contr>y to de/9y1 & !y w\ld ?us lose ! mo/ p]fect "w ( _! creation1 & be depriv$ ( ! hon\rs !y receiv$ f m54 ,jove det]m9$ !re=e to improve ! condition ( m51 s9ce x seem$ necess>y1 & to increase ! means :]eby !y might obta9 happ9ess4 ,!y compla9$ ( ! deceitfulness ( ?+s2 :i* 7 nei!r z great1 beautiful1 p]fect1 nor v>i$ z !y at fir/ imag9$ !m to be2 b 71 on ! contr>y1 small1 imp]fect1 & monoton\s4 ,!y d]iv$ no pleasure f _! y\?2 /ill less 7 !y satisfi$ ) ! times ( maturity1 & old age4 ,_! infancy alone gave !m pleasure1 & ye>n+ = ! sweetness ( _! e>ly days1 !y bes\ght ,jove to make _! condition "o ( p]petual *ildhood4 ,b ! god c\ld n satisfy !m 9 ?is matt]2 = x 0 contr>y to ! laws ( nature1 & ! div9e decrees & int5tions4 ,nei!r c\ld he communicate 8 own inf9ity to mortal creatures1 nor ! _w itself1 any m ?an he c\ld be/[ inf9ite happ9ess & p]fection on m5 & ?+s4 ,x seem$ be/ to him to ext5d ! limits ( creation1 at ! same "t increas+ ! _w's div]sity & beauty4 ,9 fulfilm5t ( ?is int5tion1 he enl>g$ ! e>? on all sides2 & made ! sea to fl[ z a sep>ation betwe5 inhabit$ places1 s t x might v>y ! aspect ( ?+s1 & by sev]+ _! roads1 prev5t m5 f easily discov]+ ! conf9es ( ! _w4 ,he also design$ ! sea to s]ve z a vivid repres5tation ( ! inf9ity :i* !y desir$4 ,!n x 0 t ! wat]s cov]$ ! isl& ,atlantis1 z well z _m o!r va/ tracts ( c\ntry2 b ! remembrance ( ?is isl& alone has surviv$ ! multitude ( c5turies t h pass$ s9ce t "t4 ,jove =m$ valleys by l[]+ c]ta9 places2 & by exalt+ o!rs he creat$ hills & m\nta9s4 ,he bespread ! night ) />s2 purifi$ ! atmosph]e2 increas$ ! brilliancy & light ( day2 int5sifi$ ! col\rs ( ! sky & ! c\ntry1 & gave !m m v>iety4 ,he also mix$ ! g5]ations ( m51 s t ! ag$ ( "o g5]ation 7 contemporane\s ) ! *ildr5 ( ano!r4 ,above all1 ,jove det]m9$ to multiply resemblances ( t inf9ity = :i* m5 s eag]ly crav$4 ,he c\ld n really satisfy !m1 b wi%+ to soo! & appease _! imag9ation1 :i* he knew _h be5 ! *ief s\rce ( _! happ9ess 9 *ildhood1 he employ$ _m exp$i5ts l t ( ! sea4 ,he creat$ ! e*o1 & hid x 9 valleys & cav]ns1 & gave to ! =e/s a dull deep :isp]+1 conjo9$ ) a my/]i\s undulation ( _! tree-tops4 ,he creat$ also ! gorge\s l& ( dreams1 & gave m5 p[] to visit x 9 _! sleep4 ,!re !y c\ld exp]i5ce su* p]fect happ9ess z c\ld n 9 reality be accord$ to !m4 ,?is s]v$ z a sub/itute = ! vague unrealisable conception ( felicity =m$ by m5 )9 !mselves1 & to :i* ,jove himself c\ld n h giv5 any real expression1 _h he desir$ to d s4 ,by ^! means ! god infus$ new /r5g? & vig\r into ! m9ds ( m51 & ende>$ life to !m aga91 s t !y 7 full ( admiration = ! beauty & imm5sity ( nature4 ,?is happy /ate la/$ long] ?an ! previ\s "o4 ,its duration 0 *iefly due to ! div]sity ( ages among m51 :]eby ^? :o 7 *ill$ & we>i$ ) _! exp]i5ce ( ! _w1 7 com=t$ by ! society ( o!rs full ( ! ard5cy & hopefulness ( y\?4 ,b 9 process ( "t ?is novelty wore (f1 & m5 aga9 became discont5t$ & we>i$ ) life4 ,s despond5t did !y become1 t !n is said to h orig9at$ ! cu/om attribut$ by hi/ory to c]ta9 anci5t nations2 ! bir? ( a *ild 0 celebrat$ ) te>s1 & ! dea? ( a p>5t 0 ! occasion ( rejoic+ = 8 deliv]ance4#a ,at l5g? wick$ness became univ]sal4 ,?is 0 ei!r because m5 ?\ght t ,jove disreg>d$ !m1 or because x is ! nature ( mis=tune to debase ev5 ! noble/ m9ds4 ,x is a popul> error to imag9e t man's mis=tunes are ! result ( 8 impiety & iniquity4 ,on ! contr>y1 8 wick$ness is ! consequ5ce ( 8 mis=tunes4 ,! gods av5g$ !mselves = _! injuries1 & puni%$ mortals = _! r5ew$ p]v]s5ess1 by ! deluge ( ,deucalion4 ,!re 7 only two survivors ( ?is %ipwreck ( ! human race1 ,deucalion & ,pyrrha4 ,^! unhappy ones 7 fill$ ) ! s5se ( _! wret*$ness1 & f> f regrett+ ! loss ( all _! fell[s1 !mselves l\dly invok$ dea? f ! summit ( a rock4 ,b ,jove comm&$ !m to rem$y ! depopulation ( ! e>?1 & see+ t !y _h n ! he>t to beget a new g5]ation1 direct$ !m to take /ones f ! hill-sides1 & ca/ !m ov] _! %\ld]s4 ,f ^! /ones m5 7 creat$1 & ! e>? 0 aga9 peopl$4 ,! hi/ory ( ! pa/ _h enlight5$ ,jove z to ! nature ( m51 & _h %[n him t x is n suffici5t = !m1 z = o!r animals1 m]ely to live 9 a /ate ( fre$om f sorr[ & physical discom=t4 ,he knew t :atev] _! condition ( life1 !y w\ld seek ! impossible1 & if unpossess$ ( g5u9e evils1 w\ld torm5t !mselves ) imag9>y ones4 ,! god resolv$ !re=e to employ new means = ! pres]vation ( ! mis]able race4 ,= ?is purpose he us$ two especial artifices4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he /rew$ life ) v]itable evils2 & secondly1 in/itut$ a ?\s& k9ds ( bus9ess & lab\r1 to di/ract m5 z mu* z possible f self-contemplation1 & _! desires = an unkn[n & imag9>y happ9ess4 ,he began by s5d+ a multitude ( diseases1 & an inf9ite numb] ( o!r calamities among !m1 ) ! int5tion ( v>y+ ! conditions ( life s z to obviate ! feel+ ( satiety :i* _h result$ be=e1 & to induce m5 to e/eem ! good ?+s !y possess$ s mu* ! m by contra/ ) ^! new evils4 ,! god hop$ t m5 w\ld be bett] able to be> ! abs5ce ( ! happ9ess !y long$ =1 :5 occupi$ & "u ! discipl9e ( suff]+4 ,he also det]m9$ by means ( ^! physical infirmities & ex]tions1 to r$uce ! vig\r ( m5's m9ds1 to humble _! pride1 to make !m b[ ! head to necessity1 & be m cont5t$ ) _! lot4 ,he knew t disease & mis=tune w\ld op]ate z a prev5tive to ! committal ( ^? acts ( suicide :i* _h =m]ly be5 rife2 = !y w\ld n only make m5 c[>dly & weak1 b w\ld help to atta* !m to life by ! hope ( an exi/5ce free f su* suff]+s4 ,= x is a *>act]i/ic ( ! un=tunate t !y imag9e happ9ess w wait on !m z soon z ! imm$iate cause ( _! pres5t mis=tune is remov$4 ,jove !n creat$ ! w9ds & ! ra9-cl\ds1 prep>$ ! ?und] & lightn+1 gave ! trid5t to ,neptune1 laun*$ comets1 & arrang$ eclipses4 ,by means ( ^! & o!r t]rible signs1 he resolv$ to fright5 mortals f "t to "t1 kn[+ t fe> & actual dang] w\ld tempor>ily reconcile to life1 n only ! unhappy1 b ev5 ^? :o mo/ dete/$ & 7 mo/ dispos$ to put an end to _! exi/5ce4 ,z a cure = ! idl5ess ( ! pa/1 ,jove gave to m5 a ta/e & desire = new foods & dr9ks1 unprocurable1 h[ev]1 )\t ! greate/ ex]tions4 ,previ\s to ! deluge m5 _h liv$ on wat]1 h]bs1 & su* fruits z 7 yield$ by ! e>? & ! trees1 j z c]ta9 p ( ,cali=nia & o!r places live ev5 9 ! pres5t day4 ,he assign$ diff]5t climates to diff]5t c\ntries1 & appo9t$ ! seasons ( ! ye>4 ,hi!rto !re _h be5 no div]sity ( temp]ature 9 any place1 b ! atmosph]e 0 uni=mly s equable & mild t m5 7 ignorant ( ! use ( clo?+4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 !y 7 oblig$ to ex]t !mselves indu/ri\sly to rem$y ! inclem5cy & *angeability ( ! wea!r4 ,jove gave ,m]cury comm& to lay ! f\ndations ( ! fir/ cities1 & to divide m5 into diff]5t races1 nations1 & languages1 sep>at$ by feel+s ( rivalry & discord4 ,he 0 also commission$ to tea* !m music & ^? o!r arts1 :i*1 ow+ to _! nature & orig91 are /ill call$ div9e4 ,jove himself di/ribut$ laws & con/itutions to ! new nations4 ,f9ally1 z a supreme gift1 he s5t among m5 c]ta9 sublime & sup]human ,phantoms1 to :om he committ$ v great influ5ce & control ov] ! p ( ! e>?4 ,!y 7 call$ ,ju/ice1 ,virtue1 ,glory1 ,patriotism1 c4 ,among ^! ,phantoms 0 "o nam$ ,love1 :i* !n fir/ ent]$ ! _w4 ,= previ\s to ! introduction ( clo!s1 ! sexes 7 drawn t[>ds "o ano!r by m]ely a brute in/9ct1 f> diff]5t f love4 ,! feel+ 0 comp>able to t :i* we exp]i5ce t[>ds articles ( food & su* ?+s1 t we desire1 b d n love4 ,by ^! div9e decrees ! condition ( man 0 inf9itely ameliorat$1 & r5d]$ easi] & pleasant] ?an be=e2 9 spite ( ! fatigues1 suff]+s1 & t]rors :i* 7 n[ insep>able f humanity4 ,& ?is result 0 *iefly due to ! wond]ful *im]as1 :om "s m5 reg>d$ z g5ii1 o!rs z gods1 & :om !y foll[$ ) an int5se v5]ation & en?usiasm = a v long "t4 ,to su* a pit* 0 _! ard\r excit$ by ! poets & arti/s ( ! times1 t numb]s ( m5 did n hesitate to sacrifice _! lives to "o or o!r ( ^! ,phantoms4 ,f> f displeas+ ,jove1 ?is fact gratifi$ him exce$+ly1 = he judg$ t if m5 e/eem$ _! life a gift wor?y ( sacrifice to ^! f9e & glori\s illusions1 !y w\ld be less likely to repudiate x z be=e4 ,?is happy /ate ( affairs 0 ( long] duration ?an ! prec$+ ages4 ,& ev5 :5 aft] ! lapse ( _m c5turies1 a t5d5cy to decl9e became app>5t1 exi/5ce1 ?anks to ^! bright illusions1 0 /ill easy & be>able en\gh1 up to a "t n v f> di/ant f ! pres5t4 ,?is decl9e 0 *iefly due to ! facility ) :i* m5 7 able to satisfy _! wants & desires2 ! gr[+ inequality betwe5 m5 9 _! social & o!r conditions1 z !y rec$$ f>!r & f>!r f ! republican models f\nd$ by ,jove2 ! reappe>ance ( vanity & idl5ess z a consequ5ce ( ?is retrocession2 ! dim9i%+ int]e/ ) :i* ! v>iety ( life's incid5ts inspir$ !m2 & _m o!r well-kn[n & important causes4 ,aga9 m5 7 fill$ ) ! old feel+ ( disgu/ = _! exi/5ce1 & aga9 _! m9ds clam\r$ = an unkn[n happ9ess1 inconsi/5t ) ! ord] ( nature4 ,b ! total revolution ( ! =tunes ( m51 & ! end ( t epo* :i* we n[adays designate z ! old _w1 0 due to "o especial influ5ce4 ,x 0 ?is4 ,among ! ,phantoms s appreciat$ by ! anci5ts 0 a c]ta9 "o call$ ,wisdom4 ,?is ,phantom _h duly contribut$ to ! prosp]ity ( ! times1 & l ! o!rs receiv$ high hon\r f m51 a numb] ( :om consecrat$ !mselves to h] s]vice4 ,%e _h frequ5tly promis$ h] disciples to %[ !m h] mi/ress1 ! ,tru?1 a sup]ior _s :o associat$ ) ! gods 9 heav51 :5ce %e _h nev] yet desc5d$4 ,! ,phantom assur$ !m t %e w\ld br+ ,tru? among m51 & t ?is _s w\ld ex]cise s m>vell\s an influ5ce ov] _! life1 t 9 k1 p]fection1 & happ9ess !y w\ld almo/ rival ! gods !mselves4 ,b h[ c\ld a %ad[ fulfil any promise1 mu* less induce ! ,tru? to desc5d to e>?8 ,s aft] a long confid+ expectancy1 m5 p]ceiv$ ! fals5ess ( ,wisdom4 ,at ! same "t1 gre$y ( novelty because ( ! idl5ess ( _! life1 & /imulat$ p>tly by ambition ( equall+ ! gods1 & p>tly by ! int5sity ( _! ye>n+ = ! happ9ess !y imag9$ w\ld ensue f ! possession ( ,tru?1 !y presumptu\sly reque/$ ,jove to l5d !m ?is noble _s = a "t1 & reproa*$ him = hav+ s long jeal\sly )held f m5 ! great advantages t w\ld foll[ f ! pres5ce ( ,tru?4 ,!y ) "o accord express$ dissatisfaction ) _! lot1 & r5ew$ _! =m] hateful :9+s ab\t ! meanness & mis]y ( human ?+s4 ,! ,phantoms1 once s de> to !m1 7 n[ almo/ entirely ab&on$1 n t m5 _h disc]n$ ! unreality ( _! nature1 b because !y 7 s debas$ 9 m9d & mann]s z to h no sympa?y ) ev5 ! appe>ance ( goodness4 ,?us !y wick$ly reject$ ! greate/ gift ( gods to m51 & excus$ !mselves by say+ t none b inf]ior g5ii _h be5 s5t on e>?1 ! nobl] ones1 :om !y w\ld will+ly h wor%ipp$1 be+ reta9$ 9 heav54 ,_m ?+s long be=e ?is _h contribut$ to less5 ! goodwill ( ,jove t[>ds m51 especially ! magnitude & numb] ( _! vices & crimes1 :i* 7 f> 9 advance ( ^? puni%$ by ! deluge4 ,he 0 out ( pati5ce ) ! human race1 ! re/less & unreasonable nature ( :i* exasp]at$ him4 ,he recognis$ ! futility ( all ef=t on 8 "p to make m5 happy & cont5t$4 ,_h he n enl>g$ ! _w1 multipli$ its pleasures1 & increas$ its div]sity8 ,yet all ?+s 7 soon reg>d$ by m5 7desir\s & at ! same "t incapable ( inf9ity7 z equally re/rict$ & valueless4 ,jove det]m9$ !re=e to make a p]petual example ( ! human race4 ,he resolv$ to puni% m5 unsp>+ly1 & r$uce !m to a /ate ( mis]y f> surpass+ _! =m] condition4 ,t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( ?is end1 he purpos$ s5d+ ,tru? among m51 n = a "t only z !y desir$1 b = et]nity1 & giv+ h] supreme control & dom9ion ov] ! human race1 in/ead ( ! ,phantoms t 7 n[ s greatly despis$4 ,! o!r gods m>vell$ at ?is decision ( ,jove1 z likely to exalt ! human race to a degree prejudicial to _! own dignity4 ,b he expla9$ to !m t all g5ii are n b5eficial1 & t ap>t f ?is1 x 0 n ( ! nature ( ,tru? to produce ! same results among m5 z ) ! gods4 ,= :]eas to ! gods %e unveil$ ! et]nity ( _! joy1 to mortals %e w\ld expose ! imm5sity ( _! unhapp9ess1 repres5t+ x to !m n z a matt] ( *ance1 b z an inevitable & p]petual necessity4 ,& s9ce human evils are great 9 proportion z !y are believ$ to be s by _! victims1 x may be imag9$ h[ acute an affliction ,tru? w prove to m54 ,! vanity ( all e>?ly ?+s w be app>5t to !m2 !y w f9d t no?+ is g5u9e save _! own unhapp9ess4 ,above all1 !y w lose hope1 hi!rto ! greate/ solace & support ( life4 ,depriv$ ( hope1 !y w h no?+ to /imulate !m to any ex]tions2 consequ5tly "w1 indu/ry1 & all m5tal culture w langui%1 & ! life ( ! liv+ w p>take ( ! in]tness ( ! grave4 ,yet 9 spite ( _! despair & inactivity1 m5 w /ill be torm5t$ by _! old long+ = happ9ess int5sifi$ & quick5$1 because !y w be less di/ract$ by c>es1 & ! /ir ( action4 ,!y w also be depriv$ ( ! p[] ( imag9ation1 :i* 9 itself c\ld my/]i\sly transport !m into a /ate ( happ9ess comp>able to ! felicity = :i* !y long4 ,&1 said ,jove1 all ^? repres5tations ( inf9ity :i* ,i design$ly plac$ 9 ! _w to deceive & satisfy m51 & all ! vague ?\ghts sugge/ive ( happ9ess1 :i* ,i infus$ into _! m9ds1 w yield to ! doctr9es ( ,tru?4 ,! e>?1 :i* =m]ly displeas$ !m = its insignificance1 w d s increas$ly :5 its true dim5sions are kn[n1 & :5 all ! secrets ( nature are made manife/ to !m4 ,& f9ally1 ) ! disappe>ance ( ^? ,phantoms t alone gave brightness to exi/5ce1 human life w become aimless & valueless4 ,nations & c\ntries w lose ev5 _! names1 = ) ,patriotism w vani% all inc5tive to national id5tities4 ,m5 w unite & =m "o nation & "o p 7z !y w say71 & w pr(ess a univ]sal love = ! race4 ,b 9 reality !re w be ! lea/ possible union among/ !m2 !y w be divid$ into z _m peoples z !re are individuals4 ,= hav+ no special c\ntry to love1 & no =eign]s to hate1 e man w hate 8 neighb\r1 & love only himself4 ,! evil consequ5ces ( ?is are incalculable4 ,nev]!less1 m5 w n put an end to _! unhapp9ess by depriv+ !mselves ( life1 because "u ! sway ( ,tru? !y w become z c[>dly z mis]able4 ,tru? w increase ! bitt]ness ( _! exi/5ce1 & at ! same "t b]eave !m ( suffici5t c\rage to reject x4 ,^! words ( ,jove mov$ ! gods to compassion = ! human race4 ,x seem$ to !m t s great inflictions 7 inconsi/5t ) ! div9e attribute ( m]cy4 ,b ,jove cont9u$3 ,!re w rema9 to humanity a c]ta9 consolation proce$+ f ! ,phantom ,love1 :i* alone ,i purpose leav+ among m54 ,& ev5 ,tru?1 9 spite ( h] almo/ omnipot5ce1 w nev] q prevail ov] ,love1 nor succe$ 9 *as+ ?is ,phantom f ! e>?1 ?\gh ! /ruggle betwe5 !m w be p]petual4 ,?us ! life ( man1 divid$ betwixt ! wor%ip ( ,tru? & ,love1 w consi/ ( two epo*s1 dur+ :i* ^! influ5ces w respectively control 8 m9d & actions4 ,to ! ag$1 in/ead ( ! solace ( ,love1 w be grant$ a /ate ( cont5tm5t ) _! exi/5ce1 simil> to t ( o!r animals4 ,!y w love life = its own sake1 n = any pleasure or pr(it !y d]ive f x4 ,accord+ly1 ,jove remov$ ! ,phantoms f e>?1 save only ,love1 ! lea/ noble ( all1 & s5t ,tru? among m5 to ex]cise ov] !m p]petual rule4 ,! consequ5ces =ese5 by ! god 7 n long 9 mak+ !mselves manife/4 ,& /range to say1 :]eas ! _s be=e h] desc5t on e>?1 & :5 %e _h no real au?ority ov] m51 0 hon\r$ by a multitude ( temples & sacrifices1 h] pres5ce _h ! effect ( cool+ _! en?usiasm on h] behalf4 ,) ! o!r gods ?is 0 n s2 ! m !y made !mselves manife/1 ! m !y 7 hon\r$2 b ,tru? sadd5$ m51 & ultimately inspir$ !m ) su* hatr$ t !y refus$ to wor%ip h]1 & only by con/ra9t r5d]$ h] ob$i5ce4 ,& :]eas =m]ly1 m5 :o 7 "u ! especial influ5ce ( any "o ( ! anci5t ,phantoms1 us$ to love & rev]e t ,phantom above ! o!rs1 ,tru? 0 dete/$ & curs$ by ^? ov] :om %e ga9$ supreme control4 ,s1 unable to resi/ h] tyranny1 m5 liv$ f t "t 9 ! complete /ate ( mis]y1 :i* is _! fate 9 ! pres5t day1 & to :i* !y are et]nally doom$4 ,b n long ago1 pity1 :i* is nev] exhau/$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! gods1 mov$ ,jove to compassionate ! wret*$ness ( mortals4 ,he notic$ especially ! affliction ( c]ta9 m51 rem>kable = _! high intellect1 & nobility1 & purity ( life1 :o 7 extraord9>ily oppress$ by ! sway ( ,tru?4 ,n[ 9 =m] times1 :5 ,ju/ice1 ,virtue1 & ! o!r ,phantoms direct$ humanity1 ! gods _h be5 accu/om$ at times to visit ! e>?1 & soj\rn ) m5 = a:ile1 always on su* occasions b5efit+ ! race1 or p>ticul> individuals1 9 "s especial mann]4 ,b s9ce m5 _h become s debas$1 & sunk 9 wick$ness1 !y _h n deign$ to associate ) !m4 ,jove !re=e1 pity+ our condition1 ask$ ! immortals :e!r any "o ( !m w\ld visit ! e>? z ( old1 & console m5 "u _! calamities1 especially su* z seem$ undes]v+ ( ! univ]sal affliction4 ,all ! gods 7 sil5t4 ,at l5g? ,love1 ! son ( cele/ial ,v5us1 be>+ ! same "n z ! ,phantom ,love1 b v diff]5t 9 nature & p[]1 & ! mo/ compassionate ( ! immortals1 (f]$ himself = ! mission propos$ by ,jove4 ,?is deity 0 s belov$ by ! o!r gods1 t hi!rto !y _h nev] all[$ him to quit _! pres5ce1 ev5 = a mom5t4 ,! anci5ts inde$ imag9$ t ! god _h appe>$ to !m f "t to "t2 b x 0 n s4 ,!y 7 deceiv$ by ! subt]fuges & trans=mations ( ! ,phantom ,love4 ,! deity ( ! same "n fir/ visit$ mank9d aft] !y 7 plac$ "u ! empire ( ,tru?4 ,s9ce t "t ! god has r>ely & briefly desc5d$1 because ( ! g5]al unwor?9ess ( humanity1 & ! impati5ce ) :i* ! cele/ials await 8 return4 ,:5 he comes on e>? he *ooses ! t5d] & noble he>ts ( ! mo/ g5]\s & magnanim\s p]sons4 ,"h he re/s = a %ort "t1 diffus+ 9 !m s /range & wondr\s a sweetness1 & inspir+ !m ) affections s l(ty & vigor\s1 t !y !n exp]i5ce :at is entirely new to mank9d1 ! sub/ance r ?an ! semblance ( happ9ess4 ,sometimes1 ?\gh v r>ely1 he br+s ab\t ! union ( two he>ts1 abid+ 9 !m bo? simultane\sly1 & excit+ )9 !m a reciprocal w>m? & desire4 ,all )9 :om he dwells besee* him to effect ?is union2 b ,jove =bids him to yield to _! entreaties1 save 9 v few in/ances1 because ! happ9ess ( su* mutual love approa*es too ne>ly to ! felicity ( ! immortals4 ,! man 9 :om ,love abides is ! happie/ ( mortals4 ,& n only is he bless$ by ! pres5ce ( ! deity1 b he is also *>m$ by ! old my/]i\s ,phantoms1 :i*1 ?\gh remov$ f ! lot ( m51 by ,jove's p]mission foll[ 9 ! tra9 ( ,love1 9 spite ( ! great opposition ( ,tru?1 _! supreme enemy4 ,b ,tru?1 l all ! o!r g5ii1 is p[]less to resi/ ! w ( ! gods4 ,&1 s9ce de/9y has grant$ to ,love a /ate ( et]nal y\?1 ! god c p>tially give effect to t fir/ desire ( m51 t !y might return to ! happ9ess ( _! *ildhood4 ,9 ! s\ls he inhabits1 ,love awak5s & vivifies1 s long z ha /ays !re1 ! b\ndless hopes1 & ! sweet & f9e illusions ( e>ly life4 ,_m p]sons1 ignorant & incapable ( appreciat+ ,love1 vitup]ate & affront ! god1 ev5 to 8 face4 ,b he disreg>ds ^! insults1 & exacts no v5geance = !m1 s noble & compassionate is 8 nature4 ,nor d ! o!r gods any long] tr\ble !mselves ab\t ! crimes ( m51 be+ satisfi$ ) ! v5geance !y h already wr\ght on ! human race1 & ! incurable mis]y :i* is its portion4 ,consequ5tly1 wick$ & blasphem\s m5 suff] no puni%m5t = _! (f5ces1 except t !y are absolutely exclud$ f be+ p>tak]s ( ! div9e fav\rs4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,h]odotus1 ,/rabo1 c4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,h]cules ,,& ,,atlas4 ,h]cules4 ,fa!r ,atlas1 ,jove's complim5ts1 & 9 case y %\ld be we>y ( y\r burd51 ,i 0 to relieve y = a few h\rs1 z ,i did ,i don't "k h[ _m c5turies ago1 s t y may take brea?1 & re/ a little4 ,atlas4 ,?anks1 de> ,h]cules1 & ,i am v mu* oblig$ to ,jove4 ,b ! _w has become s light1 t ?is cloak :i* ,i we> z a protection aga9/ ! sn[1 incommodes me m4 ,inde$1 7 x n ,jove's w t ,i %\ld cont9ue to /& "h1 support+ ?is ball on my back1 ,i w\ld put x "u my arm1 or 9 my pocket1 or susp5d x f a hair ( my be>d1 & g ab\t my own affairs4 ,h]cules4 ,h[ has x become s light8 ,i c easily see x has *ang$ %ape1 & has become a sort ( roll1 in/ead ( be+ r\nd z :5 ,i /udi$ cosmography 9 prep>ation = t wond]ful voyage ) ! ,argonauts4 ,b /ill ,i _c see :y its weight %\ld h dim9i%$4 ,atlas4 ,i am z ignorant ( ! reason z y are4 ,b take ! ?+ = a mom5t 9 y\r h&1 & satisfy y\rself ( ! tru? ( my ass]tion4 ,h]cules4 ,^u my ^w1 )\t ?is te/1 ,i w\ld n h believ$ x4 ,b :at is ?is o!r novelty t ,i discov]8 ,! la/ "t ,i bore x1 ,i felt a /rong pulsation on my back1 l ! beat ( an animal's he>t2 & ,i he>d a cont9u\s buzz+ l a wasp's ne/4 ,b n[1 x ?robs m l a wat* ) a brok5 spr+1 & z = ! buzz+1 ,i don't he> a s\nd ( x4 ,atlas4 ,i "k no?+ ( ?is ei!r1 except t long ago1 ! _w ceas$ mak+ any motion1 or s5sible noise4 ,i ev5 _h v great suspicions t x 0 dead1 & expect+ daily to be tr\bl$ by its corruption1 ,i consid]$ h[ & :]e ,i %\ld bury x1 & :at epitaph ,i %\ld place on its tomb4 ,b :5 ,i saw t x did n decompose1 ,i came to ! conclusion t x _h *ang$ f an animal into a plant1 l ,daphne & o!rs2 & ?is expla9$ its sil5ce & immobility4 ,i began to fe> le/ x %\ld soon w9d its roots r\nd my %\ld]s1 or bury !m 9 my body4 ,h]cules4 ,i am r incl9$ to ?9k x is asleep1 & t its repose is l t ( ,epim5ides1#a :i* la/$ m ?an half a c5tury4 ,or p]haps x is l ,h]motimus1#b ^: s\l us$ to leave 8 body :5 x pleas$1 & /ay away _m ye>s1 disport+ itself 9 =eign l&s4 ,to put an end to ?is game1 ! fri5ds ( ,h]motimus burn$ ! body2 s t ! _s return+1 f\nd its home de/roy$1 & 0 oblig$ to seek %elt] 9 ano!r body1 or an inn4 ,s1 to prev5t ! _w f sleep+ = ev]1 or le/ "s fri5d1 ?9k+ x 7 dead1 %\ld set x on fire1 let u try to ar\se x4 ,atlas4 ,i am will+4 ,b h[ %all we d x8 ,h]cules4 ,i w\ld give x a good bl[ ) ?is club1 if ,i 7 n afraid ( sma%+ x1 & 7 ,i n sure t x w\ld crack "u ! /roke l an egg4 ,besides1 ,i fe> le/ ! m51 :o 9 my "t us$ to wre/le ) lions1 b are n[ only a mat* = fleas1 %\ld fa9t f s sudd5 a %ock4 ,suppose ,i lay aside my club1 & y y\r cloak1 & we h a game at ball ) ! poor little sph]e4 ,i wi% ,i _h br\ght ! rackets t ,m]cury & ,i use 9 ! cele/ial c\rts1 b we c d )\t !m4 ,atlas4 ,a likely ?+ inde$6 ,s t y\r fa!r see+ our game1 may make a ?ird1 & ) 8 ?und]bolt precipitate u bo? ,i d n "k :]e1 z he did ,phaeton into ! ,po6 ,h]cules4 ,t might be1 if1 l ,phaeton1 ,i 7 ! son ( a poet1 & n 8 own son2 & if !re 7 n ?is diff]5ce betwe5 u1 t :]eas poets =m]ly peopl$ cities by ! melody ( _! art1 ,i c\ld depopulate heav5 & e>? by ! p[] ( my club4 ,& z = ,jove's bolt1 ,i w\ld kick x h5ce to ! f>!/ qu>t] ( ! empyrean4 ,be assur$ t ev5 if ,i wi%$ to appropriate five or six />s = ! sake ( a game1 or to make a sl+ ( a comet1 tak+ x by ! tail1 or ev5 to play at ball ) ! sun1 my fa!r w\ld make no objection4 ,besides1 our int5tion is to d good to ! _w1 :]eas ,phaeton simply wi%$ to %[ (f 8 fleetness be=e ! ,h\rs1 :o held ! /eps = him :5 he m\nt$ 8 *>iot4 ,he also want$ to ga9 reputation z a skilful coa*-man1 9 ! eyes ( ,&rom$a1 ,calli/o1 & ! o!r beautiful con/ellations1 to :om1 x is said1 he ?rew1 9 pass+1 lu/re bonbons1 & comfits ( light2 & to make a f9e p>ade ( himself be=e ! cele/ial gods dur+ 8 j\rney t day1 :i* *anc$ to be a fe/ival4 ,9 %ort1 don't give a ?\ght to ! possibility ( my fa!r's wra?4 ,9 any case1 ,i w be> all ! blame2 s ?r[ (f y\r cloak1 & s5d me ! ball4 ,atlas4 ,will+ly or n1 ,i mu/ d z y wi%2 s9ce y are /rong & arm$1 :]eas ,i am old & def5celess4 ,b d take c>e le/ x fall1 9 :i* case x w h fre% swell+s1 or "s new fracture1 l t :i* sep>at$ ,sicily f ,italy1 & ,africa f ,spa94 ,& if x %\ld get *ipp$ 9 any way1 !re might be a w> ab\t :at m5 w\ld call ! deta*m5t ( a prov9ce or k+dom4 ,h]cules4 ,rely on me4 ,atlas4 ,!n "h goes4 ,see h[ x quiv]s on acc\nt ( its alt]$ %ape6 ,h]cules4 ,hit a little h>d]2 y\r /rokes sc>cely rea* me4 ,atlas4 ,x is ! fault ( ! ball4 ,! s\?-we/ w9d cat*es x1 because ( its lightness4 ,h]cules4 ,x is its old fail+ to g ) ! w9d4 ,atlas4 ,suppose we 7 to inflate ! ball1 s9ce x has no m notion ( a b\nce ?an a melon4 ,h]cules4 ,a new %ortcom+6 ,=m]ly x us$ to leap & dance l a "y goat4 ,atlas4 ,look out6 ,run quickly aft] t4 ,= ,jove's sake1 take c>e le/ x fall6 ,alas6 x 0 an evil h\r :5 y came "h4 ,h]cules4 ,y s5t me su* a bad /roke t ,i c\ld n possibly h caught x 9 "t1 ev5 at ! risk ( break+ my neck4 ,alas1 poor little "o6444 ,h[ are y8 ,d y feel bad any:]e8 ,i don't he> a sigh1 nor does a s\l move4 ,!y are all /ill asleep4 ,atlas4 ,give x back to me1 by all ! horns ( ! ,/yx1 & let me settle x aga9 on my %\ld]s4 ,& y1 take y\r club1 & ha/5 to heav5 to excuse me ) ,jove = ?is accid5t1 :i* is entirely ow+ to y4 ,h]cules4 ,i w d s4 ,= _m c5turies !re has be5 9 my fa!r's h\se a c]ta9 poet1 nam$ ,horace4 ,he 0 made c\rt poet at ! sugge/ion ( ,augu/us1 :o has be5 deifi$ by ,jove = 8 augm5tation ( ! ,eoman p[]4 ,9 "o ( 8 songs1 ?is poet says t ! j man w\ld /ir n1 ?\gh ! _w fell4 ,s9ce ! _w has n[ fall51 & no "o has mov$1 x foll[s t all m5 are j4 ,atlas4 ,:o d\bts ! ju/ice ( m58 ,b d n lose "t2 run & exculpate me ) y\r fa!r1 else ,i %all mom5t>ily expect a ?und]bolt to trans=m me f ,atlas into ,etna4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,pl9y1 ,diog5es ,la]tius1 ,apollonius1 ,v>r1 c4 ,footnote #b3 ,see ,apollonius1 ,pl9y1 ,t]tullian1 c4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,fa%ion ,,& ,,dea?4 ,fa%ion4 ,madam ,dea?1 ,madam ,dea?6 ,dea?4 ,wait until y\r "t comes1 & !n ,i w appe> )\t be+ call$ by y4 ,fa%ion4 ,madam ,dea?6 ,dea?4 ,g to ! devil4 ,i w come :5 y lea/ expect me4 ,fa%ion4 ,z if ,i 7 n immortal6 ,dea?4 ,immortal8 ,already has pass$ ! ?\s&? ye>1 s9ce ! age ( immortals end$4 ,fa%ion4 ,madam is z mu* a ,petr>*i/ z if %e 7 an ,italian poet ( ! fifte5? or eighte5? c5tury4 ,dea?4 ,i l ,petr>* because he compos$ my triumph1 & because he ref]s s (t5 to me4 ,b ,i mu/ be mov+4 ,fa%ion4 ,/ay6 ,= ! love y be> to ! sev5 c>d9al s9s1 /op a mom5t & look at me4 ,dea?4 ,well4 ,i am look+4 ,fa%ion4 ,d y n recognise me8 ,dea?4 ,y mu/ "k t ,i h bad sight1 & am )\t spectacles4 ,! ,engli% make none to suit me2 & if !y did1 ,i %\ld n "k :]e to put !m4 ,fa%ion4 ,i am ,fa%ion1 y\r si/]4 ,dea?4 ,my si/]8 ,fa%ion4 ,yes4 ,d y n rememb] we are bo? born ( ,decay8 ,dea?4 ,z if ,i1 :o am ! *ief enemy ( ,memory1 %\ld recollect x6 ,fa%ion4 ,b ,i d4 ,i "k also t we bo? equally pr(it by ! incessant *ange & de/ruction ( ?+s "h bel[1 al?\gh y d s 9 "o way1 & ,i 9 ano!r4 ,dea?4 ,unless y are speak+ to y\rself1 or to "s "o inside y\r ?roat1 raise y\r voice1 & pron\nce y\r words m di/9ctly4 ,if y g mumbl+ betwe5 y\r tee? ) t ?9 spid]-voice ( y\rs1 ,i %all nev] und]/& y2 because y ought to "k t my he>+ s]ves me no bett] ?an my sight4 ,fa%ion4 ,al?\gh x be contr>y to cu/om1 = 9 ,france !y d n speak to be he>d1 yet1 s9ce we are si/]s1 ,i w speak z y wi%1 = we c disp5se ) c]emony betwe5 ourselves4 ,i say !n t our common nature & cu/om is to incessantly r5ew ! _w4 ,y attack ! life ( man1 & ov]?r[ all p & nations f beg9n+ to end2 :]eas ,i cont5t myself = ! mo/ "p ) influ5c+ be>ds1 head-dresses1 co/umes1 furniture1 h\ses1 & ! l4 ,x is true1 ,i d "s ?+s comp>able to y\r supreme action4 ,i pi]ce e>s1 lips1 & noses1 & cause !m to be torn by ! ornam5ts ,i susp5d f !m4 ,i impress m5's sk9 ) hot iron /amps1 "u ! pret5ce ( adornm5t4 ,i compress ! heads ( *ildr5 ) tight b&ages & o!r contrivances2 & make x cu/om>y = all m5 ( a c\ntry to h heads ( ! same %ape1 z 9 p>ts ( ,am]ica & ,asia4 ,i torture & cripple p ) small %oes4 ,i /ifle wom5 ) /ays s tight1 t _! eyes />t f _! heads2 & ,i play a ?\s& simil> pranks4 ,i also frequ5tly p]suade & =ce m5 ( ref9em5t to be> daily numb]less fatigues & discom=ts1 & (t5 real suff]+s2 & "s ev5 die glori\sly = love ( me4 ,i w say no?+ ( ! heada*es1 colds1 inflammations ( all k9ds1 fev]s--daily1 t]tian1 & qu>tan--:i* m5 ga9 by _! ob$i5ce to me4 ,!y are cont5t to %iv] ) cold1 or melt ) heat1 simply because x is my w t !y cov] _! %\ld]s ) wool1 & _! brea/s ) cotton4 ,9 fact1 !y d ev]y?+ 9 my way1 reg>dless ( _! own injury4 ,dea?4 ,9 tru?1 ,i believe y are my si/]2 ! te/imony ( a bir? c]tificate c\ld sc>cely make me sur] ( x4 ,b /&+ /ill p>alyses me1 s if y c1 let u run2 only y mu/ n creep1 because ,i g at a great pace4 ,z we proce$ y c tell me :at y want4 ,if y _c keep up ) me1 on acc\nt ( our relation%ip ,i promise :5 ,i die to bequea? y all my clo!s & effects z a ,new ,ye>'s gift4 ,fa%ion4 ,if we ran a race toge!r1 ,i h>dly "k :i* ( u w\ld w94 ,= if y run1 ,i gallop1 & /&+ /ill1 :i* p>alyses y1 is dea? to me4 ,s let u run1 & we w *at z we g along4 ,dea?4 ,s be x !n4 ,s9ce y\r "m 0 m9e1 y ought to s]ve me 9 "s way1 & assi/ me 9 my bus9ess4 ,fa%ion4 ,i h already done s--m ?an y1--imag9e4 ,above all1 ,i1 :o annul & trans=m o!r cu/oms unceas+ly1 h n[h]e *ang$ ! cu/om ( dea?2 = ?is reason x has prevail$ f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w until n[4 ,dea?4 ,a great miracle =soo?1 t y h nev] done :at y c\ld n d6 ,fa%ion4 ,:y _c ,i d x8 ,y %[ h[ ignorant y are ( ! p[] ( ,fa%ion4 ,dea?4 ,well1 well3 "t en\gh to talk ( ?is :5 y introduce ! cu/om ( n dy+4 ,b at pres5t1 ,i want y1 l a good si/]1 to aid me 9 r5d]+ my task m easy & exp$iti\s ?an x has hi!rto be54 ,fa%ion4 ,i h already m5tion$ "s ( my lab\rs :i* are a s\rce ( pr(it to y4 ,b !y are trifl+ 9 comp>ison ) ^? ( :i* ,i w n[ tell y4 ,little by little1 & especially 9 mod]n times1 ,i h br\ght into disuse & discr$it ^? ex]tions & ex]cises :i* promote bodily heal?2 & h sub/itut$ numb]less o!rs :i* enfeeble ! body 9 a ?\s& ways1 & %ort5 life4 ,besides1 ,i h introduc$ cu/oms & mann]s1 :i* r5d] exi/5ce a ?+ m dead ?an alive1 :e!r reg>d$ f a physical or m5tal po9t ( view2 s t ?is c5tury may be aptly t]m$ ! c5tury ( dea?4 ,& :]eas =m]ly y _h no o!r possessions except graves & vaults1 :]e y s[$ bones & du/1 :i* are b a b>r5 se$1 n[ y h f9e l&$ prop]ties1 & p :o are a sort ( freehold possession ( y\rs z soon z !y are born1 ?\gh n !n claim$ by y4 ,& m1 y1 :o us$ =m]ly to be hat$ & vitup]at$1 are 9 ! pres5t day1 ?anks to me1 valu$ & laud$ by all m5 ( g5ius4 ,su* an "o pref]s y to life itself1 & holds y 9 su* high e/eem t he invokes y1 & looks to y z 8 greate/ hope4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,i p]ceiv$ t m5 _h "s vague idea ( an aft]-life1 :i* !y call$ immortality4 ,!y imag9$ !y liv$ 9 ! memory ( _! fell[s1 & ?is remembrance !y s\ght aft] eag]ly4 ,( c\rse ?is 0 9 reality m]e fancy1 s9ce :at c\ld x matt] to !m :5 dead1 t !y liv$ 9 ! m9ds ( m58 ,z well might !y dread contam9ation 9 ! grave6 ,yet1 fe>+ le/ ?is *im]a might be prejudicial to y1 9 seem+ to dim9i% y\r hon\r & reputation1 ,i h aboli%$ ! fa%ion ( seek+ immortality1 & its concession1 ev5 :5 m]it$4 ,s t n[1 :oev] dies may assure himself t he is dead altoge!r1 & t e bit ( him goes into ! gr\nd1 j z a little fi% is swall[$1 bones & all4 ,^! important ?+s my love = y has prompt$ me to effect4 ,i h also succe$$ 9 my endeav\r to increase y\r p[] on e>?4 ,i am m ?an ev] desir\s ( cont9u+ ?is "w4 ,inde$1 my object 9 seek+ y to-day 0 to make a proposal t = ! future we %\ld n sep>ate1 b jo9tly might s*eme & execute = ! fur!rance ( our respective designs4 ,dea?4 ,y speak reasonably1 & ,i am will+ to d z y propose4 ,,prize ,,competition ,,ann\nc$ ,,by ,,! ,,academy ,,( ,,sillographs4 ,! ,academy ( ,sillographs1 ard5tly desir+ to advance ! common welf>e1 & e/eem+ no?+ m con=mable to ?is end ?an ! promotion ( ! progress ,( ! happy c5tury 9 :i* we live1 z says an illu/ri\s poet1 has tak5 9 h& ! c>eful consid]ation ( ! nature & t5d5cy ( our "t4 ,aft] long & mature consultation1 ! ,academy has resolv$ to call our era ! age ( ma*9es2 n only because ! m5 ( to-day live & move p]haps m me*anically ?an 9 pa/ times1 b also on acc\nt ( ! num]\s ma*9es n[ inv5t$ & utilis$ = s _m diff]5t purposes4 ,to su* an ext5t inde$ is ?is c>ri$1 t ma*9es & n m5 may be said to manage human affairs1 & conduct ! bus9ess ( life4 ,?is circum/ance greatly pleases ! said ,academy1 n s mu* because ( ! manife/ conv5i5ce ( ! arrangem5t1 z = two reasons1 :i* x ?9ks v important1 al?\gh ord9>ily !y are n s reg>d$4 ,! "o is ! possibility t 9 process ( "t ! influ5ce & usefulness ( ma*9es may ext5d to spiritual z well z mat]ial ?+s4 ,& z by virtue ( ^! ma*9es & inv5tions1 we are already protect$ f lightn+1 /orms1 & o!r su* evils & t]rors2 simil>ly !re may be discov]$ "s cure = envy1 calumny1 p]fidy1 & trick]y2 "s safety-cord or o!r inv5tion to deliv] u f egotism1 f ! preval5ce ( m$iocrity1 f prosp]\s fools1 bad & debas$ p]sons1 f ! univ]sal _s ( indiff]5ce1 f ! wret*$ness peculi> to ! wise1 ! cultivat$1 ! noble-m9d$1 & f o!r discom=ts :i* = _m c5turies h be5 m inv9cible ?an ei!r lightn+ or tempe/s4 ,! o!r & *ief reason conc]ns ! unhappy condition ( ! human race4 ,mo/ philosoph]s despair ( its improvem5t1 or ! cure ( its defects1 :i* probably equal or exce$ 9 numb] its virtues4 ,!y believe x w\ld be easi] to entirely re-create ! race 9 ano!r way1 or to sub/itute a diff]5t g5us altoge!r1 ?an to am5d x4 ,! ,academy ( ,s9ographs is !re=e ( op9ion t x is v exp$i5t = m5 to )draw f ! bus9ess ( life z mu* z possible1 & gradually to resign 9 fav\r ( ma*9es4 ,& be+ resolv$ to support ) all its might ! progress ( ?is new ord] ( ?+s1 x n[ begs to (f] ?ree prizes = ! inv5tors ( ! ?ree foll[+ ma*9es4 ,! aim ( ! fir/ ma*9e mu/ be to repres5t a fri5d w>rant$ n to abuse or ridicule 8 abs5t fri5d2 nor =sake 8 fri5d :5 he he>s him made ! subject ( je/2 nor to seek ! reputation ( acut5ess1 s>casm1 & ! p[] ( excit+ m5's laught] at 8 fri5d's exp5se2 nor to divulge or boa/ ( secrets confid$ to him2 nor to take advantage ( 8 fri5d's intimacy & confid5ce 9 ord] to supplant & surpass him2 nor to envy 8 fri5d's good =tune4 ,b x mu/ be solicit\s = 8 fri5d's welf>e1 jo9 issue ) him aga9/ 8 mis=tunes1 & assi/ him 9 de$s z well z words4 ,ref]5ce to ! treatises ( ,cic]o & ! ,m>quise ( ,lamb]t on ,fri5d%ip may be advantage\sly made = fur!r sugge/ions z to ! manufacture ( ?is automaton4 ,! ,academy ?9ks ! inv5tion ( ?is ma*9e ought n to be reg>d$ z ei!r impossible1 or ev5 v difficult1 see+ t besides ! automata ( ,regiomontano1 ,vaucanson1 & o!rs1 & ! "o 9 ,london :i* drew figures & portraits1 & wrote f dictation1 !re are ma*9es t c ev5 play *ess unassi/$4 ,n[ 9 ! op9ion ( _m savants1 human life is a game1 & "s ass]t x to be a ?+ ev5 m frivol\s4 ,!y say t ! game ( *ess is a m rationally conceiv$ ?+1 & its haz>ds are less unc]ta9 ?an ^? ( life4 ,besides1 ,p9d> has call$ life a ?+ ( no m sub/ance ?an ! dream ( a %ad[2 9 :i* case x ought n to be beyond ! capacity ( a vigilant automaton4 ,z to spee*1 !re is no reason :y m5 %\ld n be able to communicate ?is to ma*9es ( _! manufacture4 ,= among/ examples ( manufactures s end[$1 we may numb] ! /atue ( ,memnon1 & ! head =m$ by ,alb]tus ,magnus2 ?is latt] 0 s loquaci\s t ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 irritat$ at its incessant tittle-tattle1 broke x 9 pieces4 ,& if ! p>rot ( ,nev]s 7?\gh c]ta9ly ?is 0 an animal1 h[ev] small a "o7 c\ld conv]se1 h[ mu* m cr$ible t a ma*9e1 conceiv$ by ! m9d ( man1 & con/ruct$ by 8 h&s1 %\ld be able to acquire su* atta9m5ts8 ,! ma*9e ought n to be s talkative z ! p>rot ( ,nev]s1 & o!r simil> ones1 :i* we see & he> ev]y:]e2 nor z ! head made by ,alb]tus ,magnus2 = x mu/ n we>y its fri5d1 !reby incit+ him to its de/ruction4 ,! inv5tor ( ?is ma*9e %all receive a rew>d ( a gold m$al weigh+ f\r hundr$ sequ9s1 :i* on ! "o side %all h a repres5tation ( ! figures ( ,pylades & ,ore/es1 & on ! o!r side ! "n ( ! p]son rew>d$1 toge!r ) ! inscription1 ,fir/ v]ifi] ( ! anci5t fables4 ,! second ma*9e mu/ be an artificial man work$ by /eam1 adapt$ & con/ruct$ = virtu\s & magnanim\s actions4 ,! ,academy is ( op9ion t s9ce no o!r me?od appe>s to exi/1 /eam ought to be capable ( direct+ an animat$ automaton 9 ! pa?s ( virtue & glory4 ,c&idates = ?is competition are ref]r$ to books ( poems & romances = sugge/ions z to ! qualities & p[]s ) :i* to end[ ! figure4 ,! rew>d to be a gold m$al weigh+ f\r hundr$ & fifty sequ9s1 /amp$ on ! "o side ) "s fanciful design significative ( ! age ( gold1 & on its rev]se ! "n ( ! inv5tor ( ! ma*9e1 toge!r ) ?is inscription f ! f\r? eclogue ( ,virgil3 ,quo f]rea primum des9et ac toto surget g5s aurea mundo4 ,! ?ird ma*9e %\ld be emp[]$ to act z a woman1 realis+ ! conception =m$ p>tly by ,c\nt ,baldass> ,ca/iglione1 :o describes 8 idea 9 ! book ( ! ,cortegiano1 & p>tly by o!rs1 easily discov]able 9 v>i\s writ+s :i* mu/ be consult$ & comb9$ ) ^? ( ! ,c\nt4 ,nor ought ! inv5tion ( ?is ma*9e to appe> impossible to m5 ( our times1 :5 x be rememb]$ t ,pygmalion long ago1 9 an age f> f sci5tific1 0 able to fabricate a sp\se ) 8 own h&s1 :o 0 consid]$ to be ! be/ woman t _h ev] exi/$4 ,to ! orig9ator ( ?is ma*9e a gold m$al weigh+ five hundr$ sequ9s is assign$1 on ! "o side ( :i* %all be repres5t$ ! ,arabian ,pho5ix ( ,meta/asio1 p]*$ on a tree ( "s ,european species1 & on ! o!r side %all be writt5 ! "n ( ! recipi5t1 ) ! inscription1 ,inv5tor ( fai?ful wom51 & conjugal happ9ess4 ,! ,academy decrees t ! co/ ( ^! prizes mu/ be defray$ ) :at 0 discov]$ 9 ! sat*el ( ,diog5es1 late ,secret>y ( ?is ,academy1 or by means ( "o ( ! ?ree gold5 asses t belong$ to ?ree ,sillographic ,academicians1 ,apuleius1 ,fir5zuola1 & ,mac*iavelli2 all :i* prop]ty pass$ to ! ,sillographi/s by w ( ! deceas$1 z may be read 9 ! ,*ronicles ( ! ,academy4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,a ,,gobl9 ,,& ,a ,,gnome4 ,gobl94 ,y "h1 son ( ,beelzebub6 :]e are y go+8 ,gnome4 ,my fa!r has s5t me to f9d out :at ^! rascals ( m5 are do+4 ,he is incl9$ to suspect some?+1 because x is s long s9ce !y gave u any tr\ble1 & 9 all 8 realms !re is n a s+le "o to be se54 ,he wond]s :e!r any great *ange has tak5 place1 & ?9ks p]haps !y h return$ to ! primitive sy/em ( b>t]1 :]eby !y use %eep in/ead ( gold & silv]2 or ! civilis$ p h become dissatisfi$ ) pap] notes = money1 z !y h (t5 be51 or h tak5 to c[rie %ells su* z savages use2 or ! laws ( ,lycurgus h be5 re-e/abli%$4 ,! la/ possibility seems to him ! lea/ likely4 ,gobl94 ,y seek !m 9 va91 = !y are all dead1 z said ! survivors 9 a trag$y :]e ! pr9cipal p]sonages di$ 9 ! la/ act4 ,gnome4 ,:at d y mean8 ,gobl94 ,i mean t m5 are all dead1 & ! race is lo/4 ,gnome4 ,my ^w6 :at news = ! pap]s6 ,b h[ is x !y h n already m5tion$ x8 ,gobl94 ,/upid4 ,d y n see t if !re are no m5 !re w be no m newspap]s8 ,gnome4 ,yes1 t is true4 ,b h[ %all we "k 9 future ! news ( ! _w8 ,gobl94 ,news6 :at news8 ,t ! sun rises & sets8 ,t x is hot or cold8 ,t "h or !re x has ra9$ or sn[$1 or be5 w9dy8 ,s9ce m5 disappe>$1 ,=tune has unb&ag$ h] eyes1 put on spectacles1 & atta*$ h] :eel to a pivot4 ,%e sits ) arms cross$1 wat*+ ! _w g r\nd )\t tr\bl+ h]self 9 ! lea/ z to its affairs4 ,!re are no m k+doms nor empires to swell !mselves1 & bur/ l bubbles1 = !y h all vani%$4 ,!re is no m w>2 & ! ye>s are z l "o ano!r z two peas4 ,gnome4 ,no "o w "k ! day ( ! mon?1 s9ce !re w be no m cal5d>s pr9t$6 ,gobl94 ,:at a mis=tune6 ,nev]!less1 ! moon w cont9ue h] c\rse4 ,gnome4 ,& ! days ( ! week w be nameless6 ,gobl94 ,:at does x matt]8 ,d y ?9k !y w n come unless y call !m8 ,or1 t once pass$1 !y w return if y call out _! names8 ,gnome4 ,& no "o w take any c\nt ( ! ye>s6 ,gobl94 ,we %all be able to say we are "y :5 we are old2 & we %all =get our c>es :5 we _c fix _! anniv]s>y4 ,besides1 :5 we are v old1 we %all n "k x1 nor be expect+ dea? daily4 ,gnome4 ,b h[ is x ^! rogues h disappe>$8 ,gobl94 ,"s kill$ !mselves ) fight+2 o!rs 7 dr[n$ 9 ! sea4 ,"s ate ea* o!r4 ,n a few committ$ suicide4 ,"s di$ ( ennui 9 idl5ess2 & "s turn$ _! bra9s ) /udy4 ,debau*1 & a ?\s& o!r excesses1 put an end to _m m4 ,9 %ort1 !y h arriv$ at _! end1 by endeav\r+1 z long z !y liv$1 to violate ! laws ( nature1 & to g contr>y to _! welf>e4 ,gnome4 ,/ill1 ,i d n und]/& h[ an entire race ( animals c become ext9ct )\t leav+ any trace beh9d x4 ,gobl94 ,y :o are a speciali/ 9 geology ought to "k t ! circum/ance is n a new "o1 & t _m k9ds ( animals liv$ anci5tly1 :i* to-day are n[h]e to be f\nd except 9 ! rema9s ( a few petrifi$ bones4 ,moreov]1 ^! poor creatures employ$ none ( ! means us$ by m5 = _! de/ruction4 ,gnome4 ,x may be s4 ,i %\ld de>ly l to resuscitate "o or two ( ! rascals1 j to "k :at !y w\ld ?9k :5 !y saw all go+ on z be=e1 9 spite ( ! disappe>ance ( ! human race4 ,w\ld !y !n imag9e t ev]y?+ 0 made & ma9ta9$ solely = !m8 ,gobl94 ,!y w\ld n l to realise t ! _w exi/s solely = ! use ( ! ,gobl9s4 ,gnome4 ,y are jok+1 my fri5d1 if y mean :at y say4 ,gobl94 ,:y8 ,( c\rse ,i d4 ,gnome4 ,g along ) y1 buffoon6 :o does n "k t ! _w is made = ! ,gnomes8 ,gobl94 ,= ! ,gnomes1 :o live und]gr\nd6 ,t is "o ( ! be/ jokes ,i h ev] he>d4 ,:at good are ! sun1 moon1 air1 sea1 & c\ntry to ! ,gnomes8 ,gnome4 ,& pray ( :at use to ! ,gobl9s are ! m9es ( gold & silv]1 & ! :ole body ( e>?1 except ! out] sk98 ,gobl94 ,well1 well3 suppose we ab&on ! discussion4 ,x is unimportant aft] all4 ,= ,i imag9e ev5 ! liz>ds & gnats ?9k ! :ole _w 0 creat$ = _! exclusive s]vice4 ,let ea* ( u believe :at we please1 = no?+ w make u *ange our op9ion4 ,b1 betwe5 ourselves1 if ,i _h n be5 born a ,gobl91 ,i %\ld be 9 despair4 ,gnome4 ,& ,i1 _h ,i n be5 born a ,gnome4 ,b ,i %\ld l to "k :at m5 w\ld say ( _! imp]t95ce 9 =m] times1 :51 besides o!r misde$s1 !y sank ?\s&s ( und]gr\nd %afts1 & /ole our goods f u by =ce1 ass]t+ t !y belong$ to ! human race4 ,nature1 !y said1 conceal$ & buri$ ! ?+s d[n bel[1 z a sort ( game at hide & seek1 j to see if !y c\ld discov] & ab/ract !m4 ,gobl94 ,i d n wond] at t1 s9ce !y n only imag9$ ! ?+s ( ! _w 7 at _! s]vice1 b !y also reg>d$ !m z a m]e trifle comp>$ to ! human race4 ,!y call$ _! own vicissitudes revolutions ( ! _w2 & hi/ories ( _! nations1 hi/ories ( ! _w2 al?\gh ! e>? conta9$ ab\t z _m diff]5t species ( animals z liv+ individual human be+s4 ,yet ^! animals1 ?\gh made expressly = ! use ( m51 7 nev] consci\s ( ! s-call$ revolutions ( ! _w6 ,gnome4 ,!n ev5 ! fleas & gnats 7 made = ! s]vice ( m58 ,gobl94 ,j s4 ,to ex]cise _! pati5ce1 m5 said4 ,gnome4 ,z if1 ap>t f fleas1 man's pati5ce 7 n tri$ suffici5tly6 ,gobl94 ,& a c]ta9 man nam$ ,*rysippus t]m$ pigs pieces ( meat expressly prep>$ by nature = man's table4 ,_! s\ls1 he said1 s]v$ ! purpose ( salt1 9 pres]v+ !m f decay4 ,gnome4 ,9 my op9ion1 if ,*rysippus _h _h a little s5se 7salt7 9 8 bra91 in/ead ( imag9ation 7s\l71 he w\ld nev] h conceiv$ su* an idea4 ,gobl94 ,"h is ano!r amus+ circum/ance4 ,an inf9ite numb] ( species ( animals 7 nev] se51 nor he>d ( by m5 _! ma/]s1 ei!r because !y liv$ :]e man nev] set foot1 or because !y 7 too small to be obs]v$4 ,_m o!rs 7 only discov]$ dur+ ! la/ days ( ! human race4 ,! same may be said ( plants1 m9]als1 c4 ,simil>ly1 f "t to "t1 by means ( _! telescopes1 !y p]ceiv$ "s /> or planet1 ( ! exi/5ce ( :i* hi!rto1 dur+ ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( ye>s1 !y _h be5 ignorant4 ,!y !n imm$iately ent]$ x on ! catalogue ( _! possessions2 = !y reg>d$ ! />s & planets z s _m c&les plac$ up above to give light to _! dom9ions1 because !y 7 wont to transact mu* bus9ess 9 ! night4 ,gnome4 ,& 9 summ]1 :5 !y saw ^? little meteor flames t ru% ?r\gh ! air at night1 !y imag9$ !m to be sprites employ$ 9 snuff+ ! c&les = ! good ( mank9d4 ,gobl94 ,yet n[ t !y are all gone1 ! e>? is none ! worse (f4 ,! riv]s /ill fl[1 & ! sea1 al?\gh no long] us$ = navigation & traffic1 is n dri$ up4 ,gnome4 ,! />s & planets /ill rise & set2 nor h !y gone into m\rn+4 ,gobl94 ,nei!r has ! sun put on sackclo? & a%es1 z x did1 accord+ to ,virgil1 :5 ,cs> di$2 ab\t :om ,i imag9e x conc]n$ itself z little z ,pompey's ,pill>4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,malambruno ,,& ,,f>f>ello4 ,malambruno4 ,spirits ( ! deep1 ,f>f>ello1 ,ciriatto1 ,racon]o1 ,a/>otte1 ,ali*9o1 or :atev] else y are call$1 ,i adjure y 9 ! "n ( ,beelzebub1 & comm& y by virtue ( my art1 :i* c unh+e ! moon1 & nail ! sun 9 ! mid/ ( ! heav5s1 come "o ( y ) y\r pr9ce's p]mission1 to put all ! p[]s ( hell at my disposal4 ,f>f>ello4 ,"h ,i am4 ,mal4 ,:o are y8 ,f>4 ,f>f>ello1 at ?y s]vice4 ,mal4 ,h y ! m&ate ( ,beelzebub8 ,f>4 ,i h2 & c ?us d = !e all t ! k+ himself c\ld d1 & m ?an lies 9 ! p[] ( all o!r creatures toge!r4 ,mal4 ,x is well4 ,i wi% to be satisfi$ 9 b "o desire4 ,f>4 ,?\ %alt be obey$4 ,:at is x8 ,do/ ?\ wi% = maje/y surpass+ t ( ! ,atrides8 ,mal4 ,no4 ,f>4 ,m weal? ?an %all be f\nd 9 ,el ,dorado1 :5 x is discov]$8 ,mal4 ,no4 ,f>4 ,an empire z l>ge z t ( :i* ,*>les ,v4 dreamt "o night8 ,mal4 ,no4 ,f>4 ,a mi/ress *a/] ?an ,p5elope8 ,mal4 ,no3 me?9ks ! devil's aid 7 sup]flu\s = t4 ,f>4 ,hon\rs & success1 h[ev] wick$ ?\ may/ be8 ,mal4 ,i %\ld r m ne$ ! devil1 if ,i wi%$ ! contr>y1 "u su* circum/ances4 ,f>4 ,!n :at do/ ?\ want8 ,mal4 ,make me happy = a mom5t4 ,f>4 ,i _c4 ,mal4 ,:y8 ,f>4 ,i give y my ^w ( hon\r--,i _c d x4 ,mal4 ,! ^w ( hon\r ( a good demon8 ,f>4 ,yes1 to be sure4 ,?\ %\lde/ "k t !re are good devils z well z good m54 ,mal4 ,& y mu/ "k t ,i w hang y by ! tail to "o ( ^! beams if y d n in/antly obey me )\t m words4 ,f>4 ,x 7 easi] = y to kill me1 ?an = me to satisfy y\r dem&s4 ,mal4 ,!n return ) my mal$iction1 & let ,beelzebub come himself4 ,f>4 ,beelzebub & ! :ole army ( hell w\ld be equally p[]less to r5d] y or any ( y\r race happy4 ,mal4 ,n ev5 = a s+le mom5t8 ,f>4 ,z impossible = a mom5t1 half a mom5t1 or ! ?\s&? "p ( a mom5t1 z = a lifetime4 ,mal4 ,well1 s9ce y _c make me happy 9 any way1 at lea/ free me f unhapp9ess4 ,f>4 ,on condition t y no long] love y\rself above ev]y?+ else4 ,mal4 ,i %all only cease do+ t :5 ,i die4 ,f>4 ,b z long z y live y w be unable to d x4 ,y\r nature w\ld tol]ate any?+ r ?an t4 ,mal4 ,s x is4 ,f>4 ,consequ5tly1 lov+ y\rself above ev]y?+1 y desire y\r own happ9ess m ?an any?+4 ,b because ?is is unatta9able1 y mu/ necess>ily be unhappy4 ,mal4 ,ev5 :5 engag$ 9 pleasure2 s9ce no gratification c make me happy1 or satisfy me4 ,f>4 ,truly none4 ,mal4 ,& because pleasure _c satisfy my s\l's innate desire = happ9ess1 x is n true pleasure1 & dur+ its cont9uance ,i %all /ill be unhappy4 ,f>4 ,z y say3 because 9 m5 & o!r liv+ be+s1 ! deprivation ( happ9ess1 ev5 ?\gh pa9 & mis=tune be want+1 implies express unhapp9ess4 ,?is1 too1 dur+ ! cont9uance ( s-call$ pleasures4 ,mal4 ,s t f bir? to dea? our unhapp9ess nev] ceases = an in/ant4 ,f>4 ,yes1 x ceases :5ev] y sleep dreamlessly1 or :51 f "o cause or ano!r1 y are depriv$ ( y\r s5ses4 ,mal4 ,b nev]1 s long z we are s5sible t we live4 ,f>4 ,nev]4 ,mal4 ,s t 9 fact x 7 bett] n to live ?an to live4 ,f>4 ,if ! abs5ce ( unhapp9ess be bett] ?an unhapp9ess itself4 ,mal4 ,!n8 ,f>4 ,!n if y w\ld l to give me y\r s\l be=e its "t1 ,i am ready to c>ry x away ) me4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,nature ,,& ,a ,,s\l4 ,nature4 ,g1 my belov$ *ild4 ,y %all be reg>d$ z my fav\r$ "o = v _m c5turies4 ,live3 be great & unhappy4 ,s\l4 ,:at evil h ,i done be=e beg9n+ to live1 t y condemn me to ?is mis]y8 ,nature4 ,:at mis]y1 my *ild8 ,s\l4 ,d y n orda9 t ,i am to be unhappy8 ,nature4 ,yes2 b only s f> z to enable y to be great1 :i* y _c become )\t unhapp9ess4 ,besides1 y are de/9$ to animate a human body1 & all m5 are ( necessity unhappy f _! bir?4 ,s\l4 ,x 7 m reasonable t y made happ9ess a necessity2 or ?is be+ impossible1 x 7 bett] n to br+ m5 into ! _w4 ,nature4 ,i c d nei!r ! "o ?+ nor ! o!r1 because ,i am subord9ate to ,de/9y1 :o decrees ! contr>y4 ,! reason ( ?is is z mu* a my/]y to myself z to y4 ,n[ t y are creat$ & design$ to animate a human be+1 no p[] 9 ! _w c save y f ! unhapp9ess common to m54 ,moreov]1 y\r infelicity w be especially great1 ow+ to ! p]fection ) :i* ,i h fa%ion$ y4 ,s\l4 ,i "k no?+ yet1 because ,i h only j begun to live4 ,d\btless ?is is :y ,i d n und]/& y4 ,b tell me1 is greatness ! same ?+ z extreme unhapp9ess8 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y are diff]5t1 :y c\ld n ! "o be sep>at$ f ! o!r8 ,nature4 ,9 ! s\ls ( m51 & proportionately 9 ^? ( all animals1 !y are insep>able1 because excell5ce ( s\l implies great capacity = k1 :i* 9 expos+ to m5 ! unhapp9ess ( humanity may be t]m$ unhapp9ess itself4 ,simil>ly1 a life ( great] int5sity involves a great] love ( self1 manife/$ 9 diff]5t ways4 ,an increas$ desire = happ9ess is a consequ5ce ( ?is self-love & increas$ unhapp9ess1 because ( ! impossibility ( satisfy+ ?is desire1 & z ! un=tunate condition ( humanity becomes realis$4 ,all ?is is decre$ f ! beg9n+ ( creation1 & is unalt]able by me4 ,moreov]1 ! ke5ness ( y\r intellect & ! /r5g? ( y\r imag9ation w less5 consid]ably y\r p[] ( self-control4 ,brute animals readily adapt all _! faculties & p[]s to ! atta9m5t ( _! ends2 b m5 r>ely d s1 be+ usually prev5t$ by _! reason & imag9ation1 :i* give bir? to a ?\s& d\bts 9 delib]ation1 & a ?\s& h9drances 9 execution4 ,! less m5 are incl9$ or accu/om$ to delib]ate1 ! m prompt are !y 9 decision1 & ! m vigor\s 9 action4 ,b su* s\ls z y\rs1 self-conta9$1 & pr\dly consci\s ( _! greatness1 are really p[]less = self-rule1 & (t5 succumb to irresolution bo? 9 ?\ght & action4 ,?is temp]am5t is "o ( ! greate/ curses ( human life4 ,add$ to ?is1 al?\gh by y\r noble tal5ts y w easily & quickly excel mo/ m5 9 pr(\nd k & works ( ! greate/ difficulty1 y w yet f9d x almo/ impossible to le>n1 or put 9 practice1 a ho/ ( ?+s1 trivial en\gh1 b v ess5tial1 = y\r int]c\rse ) o!rs4 ,at ! same "t1 y2 w see y\r inf]iors1 & ev5 m5 ( sc>cely any intellig5ce1 p]fectly at home ) ^! ?+s4 ,su* difficulties & mis]ies z ^! occupy & surr\nd great s\ls2 b !y are amply aton$ = by fame1 praise1 & hon\rs paid to _! greatness1 & by ! la/+ memory !y leave beh9d !m4 ,s\l4 ,:5ce w come ^! praises & hon\rs1--f heav51 f y1 or f :om8 ,nature4 ,f m51 :o alone c disp5se !m4 ,s\l4 ,b ,i ?\ght my ignorance ( ^? ?+s necess>y = ! int]c\rse ( life1 :i* intellects inf]ior to m9e s easily compreh5d1 w\ld cause me to be despis$ & %unn$1 n prais$ by m54 ,i ?\ght too t ,i %\ld surely live unkn[n to mo/ ( !m1 because ( my unfitness = _! society4 ,nature4 ,i h n ! p[] to =esee ! future1 s ,i _c say exactly h[ m5 w behave to y :il/ y are on e>?4 ,b judg+ f pa/ exp]i5ce1 ,i ?9k !y w probably be jeal\s ( y4 ,?is is ano!r mis=tune to :i* great m9ds are peculi>ly liable4 ,p]haps too1 !y w despise y1 & treat y ) indiff]5ce4 ,=tune h]self1 & ev5 circum/ances1 are usually unfri5dly to su* z y4 ,b directly aft] y\r dea?1 z happ5$ to "o nam$ ,camo5s1 or a few ye>s lat]1 l ,milton1 y w be eulogis$ & laud$ to ! skies1 if n by e "o1 at any rate by ! few m5 ( noble m9ds4 ,p]haps ! a%es ( y\r body w be deposit$ 9 a magnific5t tomb1 & y\r lik5ess reproduc$ 9 _m diff]5t =ms1 & pass$ ab\t f h& to h&4 ,m5 w also /udy y\r life & writ+s1 & at l5g? ! _w w r+ ) y\r "n4 ,always provid$ y are n h9d]$ by evil =tune1 or ev5 by ! v excess ( y\r g5ius1 f leav+ und\bt$ te/imonies ( y\r m]it2 in/ances are n want+ ( su* un=tunates1 kn[n only to myself & ,de/9y4 ,s\l4 ,o "m1 ,i c>e n if ,i be depriv$ ( all k1 s long z ,i obta9 :at ,i mo/ desire1 happ9ess4 ,& z = glory1 ,i "k n :e!r x be a good or evil ?+1 b ,i d "k t ,i %all only value x 9 s f> z x procures me happ9ess1 directly or indirectly4 ,n[1 on y\r own %[+1 ! excell5ce ) :i* y h end[$ me1 ?\gh x may be fruitful ( glory1 is also productive ( ! greate/ unhapp9ess4 ,yet ev5 ?is paltry glory ,i may n ga9 until ,i am dead1 :5 ,i fail to see h[ ,i %all b5efit by x4 ,& besides1 !re is ! probability t ?is phantom glory1 ! price ( s mu* suff]+1 may be obta9$ nei!r 9 life nor aft] dea?4 ,9 %ort1 f :at y y\rself h said1 ,i conclude t f> f lov+ me ) peculi> affection1 z y affirm$1 y be> me great] malice ?an t ( :i* ,i c be ! victim1 ei!r at ! h&s ( m5 or ,de/9y4 ,:y else %\ld y h end[$ me ) ?is disa/r\s excell5ce1 ab\t :i* y boa/ s mu*1 & :i* w be ! *ief /umbl+-block 9 ! road to happ9ess1 ! only ?+ = :i* ,i c>e8 ,nature4 ,my *ild1 all m5 are de/9$ to be unhappy1 z ,i h said1 )\t any fault ( m9e4 ,b 9 ! mid/ ( ?is univ]sal mis]y1 & amid ! inf9ite vanity ( all _! pleasures & joys1 glory is by mo/ m5 consid]$ to be ! greate/ good ( life1 & ! wor?ie/ object ( ambition & fatigue4 ,!re=e1 n hatr$ b a feel+ ( especial k9dl9ess1 has prompt$ me to assi/ y z f> z ,i c\ld 9 y\r atta9m5t ( ?is glory4 ,s\l4 ,tell me3 among ! animals y m5tion$1 are !re any ( less vitality & s5sibility ?an m58 ,nature4 ,all are s1 9 m or less degree1 beg9n+ ) plants4 ,man1 be+ ! mo/ p]fect ( !m all1 has great] life & p[] ( ?\ght ?an all o!r liv+ be+s4 ,s\l4 ,!n if y love me1 place me 9 ! mo/ imp]fect ?+ exi/+1 or t be+ impossible1 at lea/ deprive me ( ?is t]rible excell5ce1 & make me l ! mo/ /upid & s5seless s\l y h ev] creat$6 ,nature4 ,i c satisfy y\r second reque/1 & w d s1 s9ce y reject ! immortality ,i w\ld h giv5 y4 ,s\l4 ,& in/ead ( ! immortality1 ,i besee* y to ha/5 my dea? z mu* z possible4 ,nature4 ,i w consult ,de/9y ab\t t4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,e>? ,,& ,,! ,,moon ,e>?4 ,de> ,moon1 ,i "k t y c speak & answ] que/ions l a human be+1 = ,i h he>d s f _m ( ! poets4 ,besides1 our *ildr5 say y h really a m\?1 nose1 & eyes l e "o else1 & t !y see !m ) _! own eyes1 :i* at _! "t ( life ought to be v %>p4 ,z = me1 no d\bt y "k t ,i am a p]son2 inde$1 :5 ,i 0 "y1 ,i _h a numb] ( *ildr52 s y w n be surpris$ to he> me speak4 ,& ! reason1 my f9e ,moon1 :y ,i h nev] utt]$ a ^w to y be=e1 al?\gh ,i h be5 y\r neighb\r = ,i don't "k h[ _m c5turies1 is t ,i h be5 s occupi$ z to h no "t = gossip4 ,b n[ my bus9ess is s trifl+ t x c look aft] itself4 ,i don't "k :at to d1 & am ready to die ( ennui4 ,s 9 future1 ,i hope we may (t5 h "s talk toge!r2 & ,i %\ld l to "k all ab\t y\r affairs1 if x does n inconv5i5ce y to rec\nt !m to me4 ,moon4 ,be easy on t score4 ,may ! ,fates nev] tr\ble me m ?an y are likely to6 ,talk z mu* z y please1 & al?\gh1 z ,i believe y "k1 ,i am p>tial to sil5ce1 ,i w will+ly li/5 & reply1 to oblige y4 ,e>?4 ,d y he> ! delightful s\nd made by ! heav5ly bodies 9 motion8 ,moon4 ,to tell y ! tru?1 ,i he> no?+4 ,e>?4 ,nor d ,i2 save only ! :i/l+ ( ! w9d1 :i* bl[s f my poles to ! equator1 & f ! equator to ! poles1 & :i* is f> f musical4 ,b ,py?agoras ass]ts t ! cele/ial sph]es make an incr$ibly sweet h>mony1 & t y take "p 9 ! conc]t1 & are ! eigh? *ord ( ?is univ]sal lyre4 ,z = me1 ,i am s deaf5$ by my own noise t ,i he> no?+4 ,moon4 ,i also am d\btless deaf5$1 s9ce ,i he> no m ?an y4 ,b x is news to me t ,i am a *ord4 ,e>?4 ,n[ let u *ange ! subject4 ,tell me2 are y really inhabit$1 z ?\s&s ( anci5t & mod]n philosoph]s affirm--f ,orpheus to ,de ,lal&e8 ,9 spite ( all my ef=ts to prolong ^! horns ( m9e1 :i* m5 call m\nta9s & hills1 & f ! summits ( :i* ,i look at y 9 sil5ce1 ,i h fail$ to disc]n a s+le "o ( y\r inhabitants4 ,yet ,i am told t a c]ta9 ,david ,fabricius1 ^: eyes 7 ke5] ?an ^? ( ,lynceus1 at "o "t obs]v$ y\r p ext5d+ _! l95 to be dri$ by ! sun4 ,moon4 ,i "k no?+ ab\t y\r horns4 ,i w admit t ,i am inhabit$4 ,e>?4 ,:at col\r are y\r m58 ,moon4 ,:at m58 ,e>?4 ,^? t y conta94 ,did y n say y 7 inhabit$8 ,moon4 ,yes1 :at !n8 ,e>?4 ,does x n foll[ t all y\r inhabitants are animals8 ,moon4 ,nei!r animals nor m51 ?\gh ,i am really 9 ignorance z to ! nature ( ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,z = ! m5 y speak (1 ,i h n an idea :at y mean4 ,e>?4 ,!n :at sort ( creatures are y\rs8 ,moon4 ,!y are ( v _m diff]5t k9ds1 z unkn[n to y1 z y\rs are to me4 ,e>?4 ,?is is s /range t if y y\rself _h n in=m$ me ( x1 ,i w\ld nev] h believ$ x4 ,7 y ev] conqu]$ by any ( y\r inhabitants8 ,moon4 ,n t ,i "k (4 ,b h[8 ,& = :at reason8 ,e>?4 ,?r\gh ambition & jeal\sy2 by means ( diplomacy & arms4 ,moon4 ,i d n "k :at y mean by arms1 ambition1 & diplomacy4 ,inde$1 ,i und]/& no?+ ( :at y say4 ,e>?4 ,b surely if y d n und]/& ! mean+ ( arms1 y "k some?+ ( w>2 because1 n long ago1 a c]ta9 doctor discov]$ ?r\gh a telescope1 :i* is an in/rum5t = see+ a long di/ance1 t y possess$ a f9e =tress ) prop] ba/ions4 ,n[ ?is is c]ta9 pro( t y\r races are at any rate accu/om$ to sieges & mural battles4 ,moon4 ,p>don me1 ,"m ,e>?1 if ,i reply to y a little m at l5g? ?an w\ld be expect$ f "o s subjugat$ z x seems ,i am4 ,b 9 tru?1 y appe> to me m ?an va9 to imag9e t ev]y?+ 9 ! _w is con=mable to y\r ?+s2 z if ,nature _h no o!r int5tion ?an to copy y exactly 9 ea* ( h] creations4 ,i tell y ,i am inhabit$1 & y jump to ! conclusion t my inhabitants are m54 ,i ass]t t !y are n1 & :il/ admitt+ t !y may be ano!r race ( be+s1 y end[ !m ) qualities & cu/oms simil> to ^? ( y\r p4 ,y also speak to me ab\t ! telescope ( a c]ta9 doctor4 ,b x seems to me ! sight ( ^! telescopes is ab\t z good z t ( y\r *ildr51 :o discov] t ,i h eyes1 a m\?1 & a nose1 all ( :i* ,i am ignorant ( possess+4 ,e>?4 ,!n x is n true t y\r prov9ces are int]sect$ by f9e long roads1 & t y are cultivat$2 :i* ?+s are cle>ly disc]nible ) a telescope f ,g]many4#a ,moon4 ,i d n "k :e!r ,i am cultivat$1 & ,i h nev] obs]v$ my roads4 ,e>?4 ,de> ,moon1 y mu/ "k t ,i am ( a co>se composition1 & v simple-m9d$4 ,no wond] !re=e t m5 easily deceive me4 ,b ,i c assure y t if y\r own inhabitants d n c>e to conqu] y1 y are by no means free f su* dang]2 = at diff]5t times _m p d[n "h h ?\ght ( subdu+ y1 & h ev5 made great prep>ations = do+ s4 ,"s h tri$ to rea* y by go+ to my highe/ places1 /&+ on tiptoe1 & /ret*+ out _! arms4 ,besides1 !y h made a c>eful /udy ( y\r surface1 & drawn out maps ( y\r c\ntries4 ,!y also "k ! heights ( y\r m\nta9s1 & ev5 _! names4 ,i w>n y ( ^! ?+s out ( pure goodwill1 s t y may be prep>$ = any em]g5cy4 ,n[1 p]mit me to ask y ano!r "q or two4 ,are y mu* di/urb$ by ! dogs t bay at y8 ,:at d y ?9k ( ^? p :o %[ y ano!r moon 9 a well8 ,are y mascul9e or fem99e#b--;because anci5tly !re 0 a diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,is x true t ! ,arcadians came into ! _w be=e y8#c ,are y\r wom51 or :atev] ,i %\ld call !m1 ovip>\s1 & did "o ( _! eggs fall d[n to u1 once ^u a "t8#d ,are y p]=at$ l a bead1 z a mod]n philosoph] believes8#e ,are y made ( gre5 *eese1 z "s ,engli% say8 ,is x true t ,mahomet "o f9e night cut y 9 two l a wat] melon1 & t a good piece ( y\r body fell into 8 cloak8 ,:y d y l to /ay on ! tops ( m9>ets8 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! fea/ ( ,bairam8 ,moon4 ,y may z well g on4 ,i ne$ n answ] su* que/ions1 nor dep>t f my accu/om$ habit ( sil5ce4 ,if y wi% to be s frivol\s1 & c f9d no?+ else to talk to me ab\t except matt]s incompreh5sible to me1 y\r p _h bett] con/ruct ano!r planet to rotate r\nd !m1 :i* !y c design & populate z !y please4 ,y seem unable to talk ( any?+ b m51 & dogs1 & su* ?+s1 ( :i* ,i "k z mu* z ( t "o great be+ r\nd :i* ,i am told our sun turns4 ,e>?4 ,truly ! m ,i det]m9e n to t\* on p]sonal matt]s1 ! less ,i succe$ 9 my resolution4 ,b = ! future ,i w be m c>eful4 ,tell me2 d y amuse y\rself by draw+ up my sea-wat]1 & !n lett+ x fall aga98 ,moon4 ,x may be4 ,b if ,i h done ?is1 or o!r su* ?+s1 ,i am unaw>e ( x4 ,& y1 x seems to me1 d n consid] :at y effect "h1 :i* is ( s mu* ! m importance z y\r size & /r5g? are great] ?an m9e4 ,e>?4 ,i "k no?+ ( ^! effects1 except t f "t to "t ,i deprive y ( ! sun's light1 & myself ( y\rs1 & t ,i illum9e y dur+ y\r nights1 z is sometimes evid5t to me4 ,b ,i am =gett+ "o ?+1 :i* is ! mo/ important ( all4 ,i %\ld l to "k if ,ario/o is correct 9 say+ t ev]y?+ man loses1 su* z y\?1 beauty1 heal?1 ! vig\r & money sp5t 9 ! pursuit ( glory1 9 ! in/ruction ( *ildr51 & f\nd+ or promot+ useful in/itutions1 flies to y2 s t y possess all ?+s p]ta9+ to man1 except folly1 :i* has nev] left mank9d4 ,if ?is be true1 ,i reckon y ought to be s full z to h sc>cely any space unoccupi$1 especially s9ce m5 h rec5tly lo/ a great _m ?+s 7su* z patriotism1 virtue1 magnanimity1 righte\sness71 n m]ely 9 "p1 or s+ly1 z 9 =m] times1 b completely1 & )\t exception4 ,& c]ta9ly if y h n got ^! ?+s1 ,i d n "k :]e else !y c be4 ,b suppos+ y h !m1 ,i wi% we c\ld come to an agreem5t :]eby y might soon return ! lo/ ?+s to me2 = ,i imag9e y mu/ be greatly encumb]$1 especially ) common s5se1 :i* ,i und]/& cr[ds y v mu*4 ,9 return = ?is1 ,i w see t m5 pay y annually a good sum ( money4 ,moon4 ,m5 aga96 ,?\gh folly1 z y say1 has n left y\r doma9s1 y wi% nev]!less to make an utt] fool ( me1 by depriv+ me ( :at reason ,i possess1 to supply ! defici5cy 9 y\r p4 ,b ,i d n "k :]e ?is reason ( y\rs is1 nor :e!r x c be f\nd 9 ! univ]se4 ,i "k well t x is n "h1 any m ?an ! o!r ?+s y m5tion4 ,e>?4 ,at lea/1 y c tell me if y\r inhabitants are acqua9t$ ) vices1 misde$s1 mis=tunes1 suff]+1 & old age2 9 %ort1 evils8 ,d y und]/& ^! names8 ,moon4 ,yes1 ,i und]/& ^! well en\gh1 & n only ! names4 ,i am full ( !m1 in/ead ( ! o!r ?+s4 ,e>?4 ,:i* are ! m num]\s among y\r p1 virtues or vices8 ,moon4 ,vices1 by a long way4 ,e>?4 ,does pleasure or pa9 pr$om9ate8 ,moon4 ,pa9 is inf9itely m preval5t4 ,e>?4 ,& y\r inhabitants1 are !y mo/ly happy or unhappy8 ,moon4 ,s unhappy t ,i w\ld n ex*ange my lot ) ! happie/ ( !m4 ,e>?4 ,x is ! same "h4 ,i wond] :y we diff] s mu* 9 o!r ?+s1 yet agree 9 ?is4 ,moon4 ,i am also l y 9 %ape1 ,i rotate l y1 & am illum9$ by ! same sun4 ,x is no m wond]ful t we %\ld resemble ea* o!r 9 ^! ?+s1 ?an t we %\ld possess common fail+s2 because evil is z common to all ! planets ( ! univ]se1 or at lea/ ( ! sol> sy/em1 z rotundity1 movem5t1 & light4 ,& if y c\ld speak l\d en\gh = ,uranus or ,saturn1 or any o!r planet1 to he> y1 & 7 to ask !m if !y conta9$ unhapp9ess1 & :e!r pleasure or pa9 pr$om9at$1 ea* w\ld answ] z ,i h done4 ,i speak f exp]i5ce1 = ,i h already que/ion$ ,v5us & ,m]cury1 to :om ,i am n[ & !n ne>] ?an y4 ,i h also ask$ c]ta9 comets :i* h pass$ by me2 !y all repli$ to ! same effect4 ,i firmly believe ev5 ! sun & e /> w\ld make ! same response4 ,e>?4 ,/ill ,i am v hopeful4 ,9 future ,i tru/ m5 w p]mit me to exp]i5ce mu* happ9ess4 ,moon4 ,hope z mu* z y please4 ,i w answ] = x y may hope = ev]4 ,e>?4 ,ha6 ,did y he> t8 ,^! m5 & animals ( m9e are mak+ an upro>4 ,x is night on ! side f :i* ,i am speak+ to y1 & at fir/ !y 7 all asleep4 ,b1 ?anks to our conv]sation1 !y are n[ wide awake1 & v fright5$4 ,moon4 ,& "h1 on ! o!r side1 y see x is day4 ,e>?4 ,yes4 ,n[ ,i d n wi% to t]rify my p1 or int]rupt _! sleep1 :i* is ! be/ ?+ !y possess2 s let u po/pone conv]sation until ano!r opportunity4 ,adieu1 & good-day to y4 ,moon4 ,adieu4 ,good-night4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,g]man newspap]s ( ,m>* #ahbd1 = p>ticul>s ( ! discov]ies attribut$ to ,grui?uis54 ,footnote #b3 ,see ,macrobius1 ,saturnal3 lib4 #c4 cap4 #h2 ,t]tullian1 ,apolog41 cap4 #ae4 ,! moon 0 also hon\r$ z ! god moon4 ,9 ! ,g]man language moon is mascul9e4 ,footnote #c3 ,see ,m5&]1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ae1 9 ,rhetor1 graec4 vet]4 ,footnote #d3 ,a!n3 lib4 #b4 ed4 ,casaub4 p4 #eg4 ,footnote #e3 ,antonio di ,ulloa4 ,see ,c>li1 ,lett]e ,am]icane1 p>4 #d4 lett4 #g4 ,milan1 #aghd4 ,,! ,,wag] ,,( ,,prome!us4 ,9 ! ye> #hcc1bfe ( ! reign ( ,jove1 ! ,college ( ! ,muses caus$ c]ta9 notices to be pr9t$ & affix$ 9 ! public places ( ! city & suburbs ( ,hyp]nephelus4 ,^! notices conta9$ an invitation to all ! gods1 great & small1 & ! o!r inhabitants ( ! city1 :o _h rec5tly or anci5tly orig9at$ "s praisewor?y inv5tion1 to make repres5tation !re(1 ei!r actually1 or by model or description1 to c]ta9 judges nom9at$ by ?is ,college4 ,&1 regrett+ t its well-kn[n pov]ty prev5t$ x f display+ ! lib]ality x w\ld h lik$ to %[1 ! ,college promis$ to rew>d ! "o ^: inv5tion %\ld be judg$ ! f9e/ or mo/ useful1 ) a cr[n ( laurel4 ,9 addition to ! prize itself1 ! ,college w\ld give ! victor p]mission to we> ! cr[n1 day & night1 9 public & private life1 & bo? 9 ! city & outside x2 he might also be pa9t$1 sculptur$1 or modell$ 9 any mann] or mat]ial :atev]1 ) ! emblem ( victory on 8 br[4 ,n a few ( ! gods conte/$ ! prize1 simply to kill "t1 a ?+ z necess>y = ! citiz5s ( ,hyp]nephelus1 z = ! p ( o!r t[ns4 ,!y _h no wi% = ! cr[n1 :i* 0 ab\t z valuable z a cotton night-cap2 & z = ! glory1 if ev5 m5 despise x z soon z !y become philosoph]s1 x may be imag9$ 9 :at e/eem ! phantom 0 held by ! gods1 :o are s mu* wis] ?an ! wise/ ( m51 if inde$ !y are n ! sole possessors ( wisdom1 z ,py?agoras & ,plato affirm4 ,! prize 0 aw>d$ ) an unanimity hi!rto unhe>d ( 9 cases ( rew>d be/[$ on ! mo/ m]itori\s4 ,nei!r 7 !re any unfair influ5ces ex]cis$1 su* z fav\ritism1 und]h& promises1 or artifice4 ,?ree competitors 7 *os53 ,bac*us1 = ! inv5tion ( w9e2 ,m9]va1 = t ( oil1 ) :i* ! gods 7 daily wont to be ano9t$ aft] ! ba?2 & ,vulcan1 = hav+ made a copp] pot ( an economical design1 by :i* cook+ c\ld be exp$iti\sly conduct$ ) b little fire4 ,x 0 necess>y to divide ! prize into ?ree p>ts1 s !re only rema9$ a little sprig ( laurel = ea* ( ! victors4 ,b !y all ?ree decl9$ ! prize1 :e!r 9 "p or ! :ole4 ,vulcan said1 t s9ce he 0 oblig$ to /& ! great] "p ( 8 "t at ! =ge fire1 p]spir+ & consid]ably ex]t+ himself1 ! encumbrance on 8 br[ w\ld be a great annoyance to him2 add$ to :i*1 ! laurel w\ld run risk ( be+ scor*$ or burnt1 if "s sp>k by *ance 7 to fall on its dry leaves & set x on fire4 ,m9]va excus$ h]self on ! gr\nd ( hav+ to we> a helmet l>ge en\gh1 z ,hom] says1 to cov] ! unit$ armies ( a hundr$ cities2 consequ5tly any increase ( ?is weight w\ld be v inconv5i5t1 & out ( ! "q4 ,bac*us did n wi% to *ange 8 mitre & *aplet ( v9e leaves = ! laurel1 :i*1 h[ev]1 he w\ld will+ly h accept$1 _h he be5 all[$ to put x up z a sign outside 8 tav]n2 b ! ,muses decl9$ to grant x = t purpose4 ,f9ally1 ! wrea? rema9$ 9 ! common treasury ( ! ,college4 ,none ( ! competitors = ! prize envi$ ! ?ree successful gods2 nor did !y express vexation at ! aw>d1 nor dispute ! v]dict--) "o exception1 ,prome!us4 ,?is god br\ght to ! conte/ ! clay model he _h us$ 9 ! =mation ( ! fir/ man4 ,atta*$ to ! model 0 "s writ+ :i* expla9$ ! qualities & (fice ( ! human race1 8 inv5tion4 ,! *agr9 display$ by ,prome!us 9 ?is matt] caus$ no little a/oni%m5t2 s9ce all ! o!r gods1 :e!r victors or vanqui%$1 _h reg>d$ ! :ole affair z a joke4 ,b on fur!r inquiry x transpir$ t :at he especially desir$1 0 n ! hon\r1 b r ! privilege accompany+ success4 ,"s ?\ght he meant to use ! laurel z a protection = 8 head aga9/ /orms2 z x is said ( ,tib]ius t :5ev] he he>d ?und]1 he donn$ 8 cr[n1 e/eem+ ! laurel pro( aga9/ ?und]bolts4 ,b ?is sugge/ion 0 negativ$ by ! fact t ! city ( ,hyp]nephelus nev] exp]i5c$ ei!r ?und] or lightn+4 ,o!rs1 m rationally1 affirm$ t ,prome!us1 ow+ to age1 _h begun to lose 8 hair1 & be+ greatly tr\bl$ at ?is misadv5ture1 z are _m mortals 9 simil> circum/ances 7& ei!r n hav+ read ,synesius' eulogy on baldness1 or be+ unconv9c$ by x71 wi%$1 l ,julius ,cs>1 to hide ! nak$ness ( 8 head b5ea? ! leafy diadem4 ,b to turn to facts4 ,"o day ,prome!us1 talk+ ) ,momus1 bitt]ly compla9$ ( ! pref]5ce giv5 to ! w9e1 oil1 & copp]-pot1 9 comp>ison ) ! human race1 :i* he said 0 ! f9e/ a*ievem5t ( ! immortals t ! univ]se _h ev] se54 ,& n be+ able suffici5tly to conv9ce ,momus1 :o gave v>i\s reasons aga9/ ?is ass]tion1 !y made a wag] on ! subject4 ,prome!us propos$ t !y %\ld desc5d toge!r to ! e>?1 & alight+ by *ance 9 ! fir/ place !y %\ld discov] inhabit$ by man 9 ea* ( ! five p>ts ( ! _w1 !y might f9d out :e!r or n !re 7 9 all or mo/ ( ^! p>ts conclusive evid5ce t man is ! mo/ p]fect creature ( ! univ]se4 ,momus accept$ ! wag]2 & hav+ settl$ ! am\nt1 !y began )\t delay to desc5d t[>ds ! e>?4 ,fir/ ( all !y direct$ !mselves to ! ,new ,_w1 :i*1 f its "n1 & ! fact t z yet none ( ! immortals _h set foot 9 x1 greatly excit$ _! curiosity4 ,!y t\*$ gr\nd t[>ds ! nor? ( ,popuyan1 n f> f ! riv] ,cauca1 9 a place :i* %[$ _m signs ( human habitation4 ,!re 7 traces ( cultivation1 level roads brok5 & impassable 9 places1 trees cut & /rewn ab\t1 appe>ances ( :at might be graves1 & "h & !re human bones 7 scatt]$4 ,b ! cele/ials c\ld nei!r he> ! voice1 nor see ! %ad[ ( a liv+ man1 ?\gh !y li/5$ acutely1 & look$ all ar\nd !m4 ,!y proce$$1 walk+ & fly+1 = ! di/ance ( _m miles1 pass+ m\nta9s & riv]s1 & f9d+ ev]y:]e ! same traces ( human habitation1 & ! same solitude4 ,h[ is x ^! c\ntries are n[ des]t$1 said ,momus to ,prome!us1 ?\gh !y 7 evid5tly once inhabit$8 ,prome!us m5tion$ ! inundations ( ! sea1 e>?quakes1 /orms1 & heavy ra9s1 :i* he knew 7 ord9>y occurr5ces 9 ! tropics4 ,inde$1 z if 9 confirmation ( 8 words1 !y c\ld di/9ctly he> 9 ! neighb\r+ =e/s ! incessant patt] ( ra9-drops fall+ f ! bran*es ( trees agitat$ by ! w9d4 ,b ,momus 0 unable to und]/& h[ t locality c\ld be affect$ by inundations ( ! sea1 :i* 0 s di/ant z n to be visible on any side4 ,/ill less c\ld he compreh5d :y ! e>?quakes1 /orms1 & ra9s %\ld h de/roy$ ! human be+s ( ! c\ntry1 sp>+ h[ev]1 ! jagu>s1 apes1 ants1 eagles1 p>rots1 & a hundr$ o!r k9ds ( animals & birds :i* surr\nd$ !m4 ,at l5g?1 desc5d+ into an imm5se valley1 !y discov]$ a little clu/] ( h\ses1 or wood5 cab9s1 cov]$ ) palm leaves1 & environ$ on all sides by a f5ce l a /ockade4 ,be=e "o ( ^! cab9s1 _m p]sons1 "s /&+1 "s sitt+1 7 ga!r$ r\nd an e>!n pot susp5d$ ov] a l>ge fire4 ,! two cele/ials1 hav+ tak5 human =m1 drew ne>1 & ,prome!us1 c\rte\sly salut+ !m all1 turn$ to ! "o :o seem$ to be _! *ief1 & ask$ him :at !y 7 do+4 ,savage4 ,eat+1 z y see4 ,prom4 ,:at sav\ry food h y got8 ,savage4 ,only a little bit ( meat4 ,prom4 ,( a dome/ic1 or wild animal8 ,savage4 ,dome/ic1 9 tru?1 s9ce x is my own son4 ,prom4 ,:at6 ,_h y !n1 l ,pasipha1 a calf = y\r son8 ,savage4 ,n a calf1 b a *ild l e "o else4 ,prom4 ,d y mean :at y say8 ,is x y\r own fle% & blood t y are eat+8 ,savage4 ,my own8 ,no4 ,b c]ta9ly t ( my son4 ,:y else did ,i br+ him into ! _w1 & n\ri% him8 ,prom4 ,:at6 ,to eat him8 ,savage4 ,:y n8 & ,i w also eat 8 "m :5 %e c h no m *ildr54 ,momus4 ,z "o eats ! h5 aft] h] eggs4 ,savage4 ,& ,i w likewise eat my o!r wom51 :5 !y c no long] h *ildr54 ,& :y also %\ld ,i keep ^! slaves ( m9e alive1 if x 7 n t f "t to "t !y give me *ildr5 to eat8 ,b :5 !y are old1 ,i w eat !m all "o aft] ! o!r1 if ,i live4#a ,prom4 ,tell me1 d ^! slaves belong to y\r tribe or to ano!r8 ,savage4 ,ano!r4 ,prom4 ,f> f "h8 ,savage4 ,a v long way4 ,a riv] divides _! huts f ours4 ,& po9t+ ) 8 f+] to a hillock1 he add$3 ,!y us$ to live !re1 b our p h de/roy$ _! dwell+s4 ,by ?is "t x seem$ to ,prome!us t _m ( ! savages 7 /&+ look+ at him ) ! sort ( appreciative gaze t a cat gives to a m\se4 ,s1 to avoid be+ eat5 by 8 own manufactures1 he rose sudd5ly on ! w+1 & ,momus foll[$ 8 example4 ,& su* 0 _! fright t 9 sett+ out !y unconsci\sly behav$ z did ! ,h>pies t[>ds ! ,trojans :5 at meat4 ,b ! cannibals1 m hungry1 or less da9ty1 ?an ! companions ( neas1 cont9u$ _! horrid repa/4 ,prome!us1 v dissatisfi$ ) ! ,new ,_w1 turn$ imm$iately t[>ds ,asia1 ! old] "o4 ,hav+ trav]s$ almo/ 9 an in/ant ! space :i* lies betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 !y bo? desc5d$ ne> ,agra1 9 a field :]e !y saw a numb] ( p4 ,^! 7 all ga!r$ r\nd a fun]al pyre ( wood1 by :i* m5 ) tor*es 7 /&+1 ready to set x on fire2 & on a plat=m 0 a "y woman v sumptu\sly attir$1 & we>+ a v>iety ( b>b>ic adornm5ts1 :o1 danc+ & %\t+1 display$ signs ( ! livelie/ joy4 ,prome!us1 see+ h]1 imag9$ t a second ,lucretia or ,virg9ia1 or "s imitator ( ! *ildr5 ( ,erec!us1 ( ,iphig5ia1 ,codrus1 ,m5ecius1 ,curtius1 or ,decius1 0 ab\t to sacrifice h]self volunt>ily on behalf ( h] c\ntry1 9 ob$i5ce to ! decree ( "s oracle4 ,le>n+ h[ev] t ! woman 0 ab\t to die because h] husb& 0 dead1 he suppos$ t1 l ,alce/is1 %e wi%$ at ! co/ ( h] own life to reanimate h] husb&4 ,b1 :5 !y in=m$ him t %e 0 only induc$ to burn h]self because x 0 cu/om>y = wid[s ( h] ca/e to d s1 & t %e _h always hat$ h] husb&1 t %e 0 drunk1 & t ! dead man1 in/ead ( be+ resuscitat$1 0 to be burnt 9 ! same fire1 he abruptly turn$ 8 back on ! spectacle1 & set out = ,europe4 ,on _! way ?i!r1 ,prome!us & 8 companion held ! foll[+ conv]sation4 ,momus4 ,did y ?9k1 :5 at s great a haz>d y /ole fire f heav5 to give to m51 t "s ( !m w\ld make use ( x to cook "o ano!r 9 pots1 & o!rs volunt>ily to burn !mselves8 ,prom4 ,no1 inde$6 ,b consid]1 de> ,momus1 t ! m5 we h hi!rto se5 are b>b>ians2 & "o mu/ n judge ( human nature f b>b>ians1 b r f civilis$ p1 to :om we are n[ go+4 ,i h a /rong conviction t among ^! latt] we %all see ?+s1 & he> words1 :i* w a/oni% z mu* z delight y4 ,momus4 ,i = my "p d n see1 if m5 are ! mo/ p]fect race ( ! univ]se1 :y !y ne$ be civilis$ 9 ord] n to burn !mselves1 or eat _! own *ildr54 ,o!r animals are all uncivilis$1 & yet none ( !m delib]ately burn !mselves1 except ! pho5ix1 :i* is fabul\s2 r>ely !y eat _! own k9d2 & mu* m r>ely make food ( _! own (fspr+ by any *ance :atev]2 nei!r d !y specially give bir? to !m = t purpose4 ,i also und]/& t ( ! five divisions ( ! _w1 only ! smalle/ possesses ev5 incompletely ! civilisation t y praise4 ,to ?is may be add$ m9ute portions ( o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,& y y\rself w n v5ture to ass]t t ! civilisation ( ! pres5t day is su* t ! m5 ( ,p>is or ,philadelphia h rea*$ ! highe/ possible /ate ( p]fection4 ,yet1 to enable !m to atta9 to _! pres5t imp]fect /ate ( civilisation1 h[ mu* "t has _h to elapse8 ,ev5 z _m ye>s z ! _w c numb] f its orig9 to ! exi/+ age4 ,aga91 almo/ all ! inv5tions :i* h be5 ( greate/ use or importance 9 ! advancem5t ( civilisation h orig9at$ r =tuit\sly ?an rationally4 ,h5ce1 human civilisation is a "w ( *ance r ?an nature1 & :]e opportunity has be5 lack+1 ! p are /ill b>b>ians1 ?\gh on ! same level ( age z civilis$ p4 ,consequ5tly ,i make ! foll[+ d$uctions3 t man 9 ! savage /ate is _m degrees inf]ior to e o!r animal2 t civilisation z comp>$ ) b>b>ism is only possess$ ev5 9 ! pres5t day by a small portion ( ! human race2 t ^! privileg$ p h only rea*$ _! exi/+ /ate ( culture aft] ! lapse ( _m ages1 & m by *ance ?an any?+ else2 & f9ally1 t ! pres5t /ate ( civilisation is imp]fect4 ,consid]1 !re=e1 :e!r y\r op9ion ab\t ! human race w\ld n be bett] express$ 9 say+1 t x is *ief among races1 b supreme r 9 imp]fection ?an p]fection4 ,x does n affect ! case t m5 !mselves1 9 talk+ & reason+1 cont9ually confuse p]fection & imp]fection1 argu+ z !y d f c]ta9 preconceiv$ notions1 :i* !y take = palpable tru?s4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! o!r races ( creatures 7 ea* f ! v beg9n+ 9 a /ate ( p]fection4 ,&1 s9ce x is cle> t man 9 a savage /ate comp>es unfav\rably ) o!r animals1 ,i d n und]/& h[ be+s1 naturally ! mo/ imp]fect among ! races1 z x seems m5 are1 come to be e/eem$ sup]ior to all o!rs4 ,add$ to :i*1 human civilisation1 s difficult to acquire1 & almo/ impossible to p]fect1 is n s immutable t x _c relapse4 ,9 fact1 we f9d x has done s sev]al times1 among p :o once possess$ a high degree ( culture4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i ?9k y\r bro!r ,epime!us w\ld h ga9$ ! prize be=e y1 _h he br\ght to ! judges 8 model ( ! fir/ ass1 or fir/ frog4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 q agree ) y z to ! p]fection ( man1 if y on y\r "p w admit t 8 excell5ce is ( ! k9d attribut$ to ! _w by ,plot9us4 ,?is philosoph] says ! _w 9 itself is supremely p]fect1 b conta9+ z x does e conceivable evil1 x is 9 reality z bad z c be4 ,f ! same po9t ( view1 ,i might p]haps agree ) ,leibnitz1 t ! pres5t _w is ! be/ ( all possible worlds4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ,prome!us _h prep>$ a concise & cru%+ reply to all ?is reason+2 b x is v c]ta9 he did n give x expression1 = j !n !y f\nd !mselves ov] ! city ( ,london4 ,! gods desc5d$1 & see+ a great _m p ru%+ to ! door ( a private h\se1 !y mix$ ) ! cr[d1 & ent]$ ! build+4 ,)91 !y f\nd a dead man1 :o _h be5 %ot 9 ! brea/1 laid out on a b$4 ,he _h a pi/ol cl5*$ 9 8 "r h&1 & by 8 side lay two *ildr51 also dead4 ,!re 7 sev]al p ( ! h\se 9 ! room1 :o 7 be+ que/ion$ by magi/rates1 :ile an (ficial wrote d[n _! replies4 ,prom4 ,:o are ^! un=tunate be+s8 ,s]vant4 ,my ma/] & 8 *ildr54 ,prom4 ,:o has kill$ !m8 ,s]vant4 ,my ma/] himself4 ,prom4 ,:at6 ,d y mean to say he kill$ 8 *ildr5 & himself8 ,s]vant4 ,yes4 ,prom4 ,alas6 ,:y did he d t8 ,surely "s great mis=tune mu/ h befall5 him4 ,s]vant4 ,none t ,i "k (4 ,prom4 ,p]haps he 0 poor1 or despis$ by e "o1 un=tunate 9 love1 or 9 disgrace at c\rt4 ,s]vant4 ,on ! contr>y1 he 0 v ri*1 & ,i believe univ]sally e/eem$4 ,he c>$ no?+ ab\t love1 & 0 9 high fav\r at c\rt4 ,prom4 ,!n :y has he done ?is ?+8 ,s]vant4 ,he 0 we>y ( life1--s he says 9 ! writ+ he has left4 ,prom4 ,:at are ^! judges do+8 ,s]vant4 ,tak+ evid5ce z to :e!r my ma/] 0 out ( 8 m9d or n4 ,unless he is prov$ to h be5 insane1 8 goods fall to ! cr[n by law2 & really !re is no?+ to prev5t _! s do+4 ,prom4 ,b _h he no fri5d or relative to :om he c\ld entru/ 8 *ildr5 in/ead ( kill+ !m8 ,s]vant4 ,yes1 he _h2 & especially "o fri5d1 to :om he has comm5d$ 8 dog4#b ,momus 0 ab\t to congratulate ,prome!us on ! good effects ( civilisation1 & ! happ9ess t seem$ to be insep>able f human life4 ,he wi%$ also to rem9d him t no animal except man volunt>ily kill$ itself1 or 0 impell$ by feel+s ( despair to take ! life ( its own (fspr+4 ,b ,prome!us anticipat$ him1 & paid ! bet at once1 )\t visit+ ! two rema9+ p>ts ( ! _w4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,rob]tson's ,hi/4 ( ,am]ica1 ,book ,,vi4 ,footnote #b3 ,a fact4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,a ,,natural ,,philosoph] ,,& ,a ,,metaphysician ,natural ,philosoph]4 ,eureka6 ,eureka6 ,metaphysician4 ,:at is x8 ,:at h y f\nd8 ,nat4 ,phil4 ,! art ( long life4#a ,met4 ,& ! book t y c>ry8 ,nat4 ,phil4 ,expla9s my !ory4 ,?is inv5tion ( m9e w give me et]nal life4 ,o!rs may live long1 b ,i %all live = ev]4 ,i mean t ,i %all acquire immortal fame4 ,met4 ,foll[ my advice4 ,get a lead5 casket2 enclose !re9 y\r book2 bury x2 & leave 9 y\r w directions :]e x may be f\nd1 ) in/ructions to y\r heirs n to exhume ! book until !y %all h discov]$ ! art ( liv+ a happy life4 ,nat4 ,phil4 ,& mean:ile8 ,met4 ,mean:ile y\r inv5tion w be good = no?+4 ,x 7 f> bett] if x taught ! art ( liv+ briefly4 ,nat4 ,phil4 ,t has already be5 kn[n a long "t4 ,! discov]y 0 n a difficult "o4 ,met4 ,at any rate ,i pref] x to y\rs4 ,nat ,phil4 ,:y8 ,met4 ,because if life be n happy1 z hi!rto x has n be51 x 7 bett] to endure a %ort t]m ( x ?an a long "o4 ,nat4 ,phil4 ,no1 no4 ,i diff] f y4 ,life is a good 9 itself1 & is naturally desir$ & lov$ by e "o4 ,met4 ,s m5 ?9k4 ,b !y are deceiv$4 ,simil>ly p deceive !mselves 9 ?9k+ t col\rs are attributes ( ! objects col\r$2 :]eas really !y are n qualities ( objects1 b ( light4 ,i ass]t t man loves & desires no?+ b 8 own happ9ess4 ,he !re=e loves 8 life only inasmu* z he e/eems x ! in/rum5t or subject ( 8 happ9ess4 ,h5ce x is happ9ess t he always loves1 & n life2 al?\gh he v (t5 attributes to ! "o ! affection he has = ! o!r4 ,x is true t ?is illusion & t relat+ to col\rs are bo? natural4 ,b z a pro( t ! love ( life 9 m5 is unnatural1 or r unnecess>y1 ?9k ( ! _m p t 9 old5 times pref]r$ to die r ?an live4 ,9 our own "t too _m p (t5 wi% = dea?1 & "s kill !mselves4 ,n[ su* ?+s c\ld n occur if man naturally lov$ life itself4 ,! love ( happ9ess1 on ! contr>y1 is innate 9 e liv+ be+2 inde$ ! _w w\ld p]i% be=e !y ceas$ lov+ & seek+ x 9 e possible =m4 ,& z = y\r ass]tion t life 9 itself is a good ?+1 ,i *all5ge y to prove y\r words by any argum5ts y please1 :e!r ( physics or metaphysics4 ,p]sonally ,i am ( op9ion t a happy life is und\bt$ly a good ?+4 ,b ?is is because ( ! happ9ess1 n ! life4 ,an unhappy life is !re=e an evil4 ,& s9ce x is orda9$ t human life %\ld be insep>able f unhapp9ess1 ,i leave y to draw y\r own conclusions4 ,nat4 ,phil4 ,let u drop ! subject1 if y please2 x is too melan*oly4 ,answ] me "o "q c&idly1 & )\t su* subtleties4 ,if man _h ! p[] to live = ev]1 ,i mean 9 ?is life & n aft] dea?1 d y ?9k he w\ld be happy8 ,met4 ,all[ me to answ] y by a fable4 ,moreov]1 z ,i h nev] ta/$ immortality1 ,i _c reply to y f exp]i5ce4 ,besides1 ,i h nev] by any *ance met an immortal1 ! v exi/5ce ( :om is a m]e matt] ( leg5d4 ,if ,caglio/ro 7 alive1 he c\ld p]haps enlight5 y1 s9ce he 0 said to h liv$ = sev]al c5turies4 ,b he is n[ dead1 l 8 contempor>ies4 ,to return to ! fable4 ,! wise ,*iro1 :o 0 a god1 9 "t became s we>i$ ( 8 life1 t he ask$ p]mission f ,jove to die4 ,?is 0 grant$ to him2 s he di$4#b ,if immortality wr\ght su* an effect on ! gods1 h[ w\ld x be ) m58 ,! ,hyp]boreans1 an unkn[n b fam\s p1 ^: c\ntry is inaccessible by sea or l&1 71 x is said1 ri* 9 all mann] ( ?+s1 & possess$ a race ( asses ( peculi> beauty1 :i* !y us$ to (f] z sacrifices4 ,!y _h ! p[]1 unless ,i am mi/ak51 ( liv+ = ev]1 & knew no?+ ( fatigues1 c>es1 w>s1 discords1 or crimes4 ,yet we le>n t aft] sev]al ?\s& ye>s ( life1 !y all kill$ !mselves by jump+ f a c]ta9 rock into ! sea1 :]e !y 7 dr[n$4#c ,"h is ano!r leg5d4 ,! bro!rs ,biton & ,cleobus1 at a fe/ival1 :5 ! mules 7 n ready1 atta*$ !mselves to ! *>iot ( _! "m1 :o 0 a prie/ess ( ,juno1 & drew h] to ! temple4 ,t\*$ by _! devotion1 ! prie/ess ask$ ,juno to rew>d h] sons = _! piety by ! greate/ gift possible = m5 to receive4 ,! goddess caus$ !m bo? to die peacefully )9 an h\r1 in/ead ( giv+ !m immortality1 z !y _h expect$4 ,! same happ5$ to ,agam$e & ,trophonius4 ,:5 ^! two m5 _h f9i%$ ! temple ( ,delphi1 !y begg$ ,apollo to rew>d !m4 ,! god ask$ !m to wait sev5 days1 at ! end ( :i* "t he w\ld d s4 ,on ! sev5? night he s5t !m a sweet sleep f :i* !y h nev] awak5$4 ,!y are s satisfi$ ) _! recomp5se t !y h ask$ no?+ m4 ,on ! subject ( leg5ds1 "h is "o :i* introduces a "q ,i w\ld h y answ]4 ,i "k t by y & y\r colleagues human life is g5]ally consid]$ to be1 z a rule1 ( an uni=mly av]age duration3 ?is 9 all c\ntries & "u all climates4 ,b ,pl9y relates t ! m5 ( "s p>ts ( ,india & ,e?iopia d n exce$ ! age ( =ty ye>s4 ,!y :o die at ?is age are consid]$ v old4 ,_! *ildr5 m>ry at sev5 ye>s ( age3 & ?is /atem5t is v]ifi$ by ! cu/om 9 ,gu9ea1 ! ,deccan1 & else:]e 9 ! torrid zone4 ,n[1 reg>d+ x z true t ^! p d n live m ?an =ty ye>s 7& ?is z a natural limit1 & n due to artificial circum/ances71 ,i ask y :e!r y imag9e _! lot ought to be consid]$ m or less happy ?an t ( o!rs8 ,nat4 ,phil4 ,und\bt$ly1 m mis]able1 s9ce !y die s soon4 ,met4 ,i am ( ! contr>y op9ion = ! v same reason4 ,b t does n matt]4 ,give me y\r att5tion = a mom5t4 ,i d5y t life itself1 i4e41 ! m]e s5sation ( exi/5ce1 has any?+ pleasurable or desirable 9 its nature4 ,b we all wi% = ! o!r ?+1 also call$ life2 ,i mean /r5g?1 & num]\s s5sations4 ,?us1 all activity1 & e /rong & lively passion1 provid$ x be nei!r disagreeable nor pa9ful1 pleases u simply because x is /rong & lively1 al?\gh x possess no o!r pleasurable attributes4 ,n[ ^! m51 ^: life normally la/s only =ty ye>s1 t is1 half ! "t grant$ by nature to o!r m51 w\ld exp]i5ce e mom5t an int5sity ( life1 twice z /rong z ours1 because _! gr[?1 maturity1 & decl9e are accompli%$ twice z rapidly z ) u4 ,_! en]gy ( life !re=e ought to be twice z int5se z ours at e mom5t ( _! exi/5ce4 ,& to ?is great] int5sity !re mu/ correspond a m lively activity ( ! w1 m vivacity & animation4 ,?us !y exp]i5ce 9 less "t ! same quantity ( life z we h4 ,& ! few] ye>s t ^! fav\r$ p sp5d on ! e>? are s well fill$ t !re is no s5sible vacuum2 :]eas ?is same quantity ( life is insuffici5t to vivify a t]m twice z long4 ,_! actions & s5sations1 diffus$ ov] s limit$ a space1 c duly occupy all _! exi/5ce2 b our long] life is con/antly divid$ by protract$ int]vals devoid ( all activity & lively passion4 ,& s9ce exi/5ce itself is 9 no s5se desirable1 b only 9 s f> z x is happy2 & s9ce good or evil =tune is n measurable by ! numb] ( our days2 ,i conclude t ! life ( ^! p1 ?\gh %ort] ?an ours1 is mu* ! ri*] 9 pleasures1 or :at are s call$4 ,_! life mu/ !n be pref]able to ours1 or ev5 to t ( ! e>lie/ k+s ( ,assyria1 ,egypt1 ,*9a1 ,india1 & o!r c\ntries1 :o are said to h liv$ ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,s t1 f> f be+ desir\s ( immortality1 ,i am cont5t to leave x to fi%es1 :i* are by ,leeuw5hoek believ$ to be immortal1 provid$ !y are nei!r eat5 by u nor _! fell[s4 ,in/ead ( delay+ ! developm5t ( ! body1 9 ord] to l5g!n life1 z ,maup]tuis#d propos$1 ,i w\ld r accel]ate x until ! duration ( our life 0 z %ort z t ( ! insects call$ ephem]als2 :i* insects1 al?\gh ! mo/ ag$ does n live beyond a s+le day1 nev]!less preside ov] ?ree g5]ations be=e !y die4 ,if x 7 s1 !n !re w\ld at lea/ be no "t = ennui4 ,:at d y ?9k ( my reason+8 ,nat4 ,phil4 ,x does n p]suade me4 ,i "k t y love metaphysics1 :]eas ,i = my "p hold to physics4 ,to y\r subtleties1 ,i oppose simple common s5se1 :i* is suffici5t = me4 ,?us1 ,i v5ture to ass]t1 )\t appeal+ to ! microscope1 t life is bett] ?an dea?4 ,judg+ betwe5 ! two1 ,i w\ld give ! apple to ! =m]1 )\t tr\bl+ !m to /rip = ! conte/4 ,met4 ,& ,i w\ld d ! same4 ,b :5 ,i call to m9d ! cu/om ( ^? b>b>ians1 :o1 = e unhappy day ( _! lives1 us$ to ?r[ a black /one into a quiv]1 & = e happy day a :ite "o1 ,i _c help ?9k+ h[ few :ite /ones comp>$ to ! black ones w\ld be f\nd !re9 on ! dea? ( ! proprietor ( ! quiv]4 ,p]sonally1 ,i %\ld l to h n[ all ! /ones repres5t+ ! days ( life yet rema9+ to me1 & p]mission to sep>ate !m1 ?r[+ away all-! black ones & reta9+ only ^? t 7 :ite2 ev5 ?\gh ! numb] ( ! latt] 0 exce$+ly small1 & _! col\r a d\btful :ite4 ,nat4 ,phil4 ,_m p1 on ! contr>y1 w\ld be glad to increase ! numb] ( _! black /ones1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 black] ?an !y naturally w\ld be2 because !y always1 9 _! m9ds1 dread ! la/ z ! blacke/ ( all4 ,& su* p1 ( :om ,i am "o1 w really be able to add _m /ones to _! normal quantity1 if !y foll[ out ! in/ructions conta9$ 9 my book4 ,met4 ,e "o ?9ks & works 9 8 own way4 ,dea? also w n fail to d ! same4 ,b if y wi%1 9 prolong+ man's life2 really to be ( s]vice to him1 discov] an art to increase ! numb] & /r5g? ( s5sations1 & _! effects4 ,?is w\ld be a g5u9e augm5tation ( human life1 = x w\ld fill up ^? long int]vals ( "t1 dur+ :i* we vegetate r ?an live4 ,y c\ld !n boa/ ( hav+ truly prolong$ human life2 & )\t hav+ s\ght aft] ! impossible1 or us$ viol5ce to natural laws2 r1 by hav+ /r5g!n$ !m4 ,= does x n seem z ?\gh ! anci5ts 7 m full ( life ?an we are1 9 spite ( ! _m & great dang]s by :i* !y 7 surr\nd$1 & :i* g5]ally %ort5$ _! exi/5ce8 ,y w ?us r5d] a real s]vice to man1 ^: life is1 ,i w n say m happy1 b c]ta9ly less unhappy1 :5 x is bett] occupi$ & m viol5tly agitat$1 )\t pa9 or discom=t4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 exi/5ce is s full ( idl5ess & ennui z to be ju/ly t]m$ empty1 ! say+ ( ,pyrrhus1 !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 life & dea?1 is lit]ally realis$4 ,7 ?is say+ true1 ,i %\ld be 9 no slight t]ror ( dea?4 ,b f9ally1 unless life be active & vigor\s1 x is n true life1 & dea? is f> pref]able to x4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,in/ruction 9 ! ,art ( ,long ,life1 by ,hufel&4 ,footnote #b3 ,see ,lucian1 ,dial4 ,m5ip4 & ,*iro4 ,footnote #c3 ,see ,p9d>1 ,/rabo1 & ,pl9y4 ,footnote #d3 ,see ,lettres ,philosophiques3 let4 #aa4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,tasso ,,& ,,8 ,,famili> ,,_s#a ,_s4 ,ah1 ,torquato4 ,h[ are y8 ,tasso4 ,z well z x is possible to be1 :5 9 prison1 & up to ! neck 9 mis=tunes4 ,_s4 ,c\rage6 ,aft] supp] is n ! "t to be sorr[ful4 ,*e] up1 & let u laugh at y\r griefs4 ,tasso4 ,i am little incl9$ = t4 ,b someh[ y\r pres5ce & conv]sation always d me good4 ,come & sit d[n by me4 ,_s4 ,h[ c ,i sit8 ,su* a ?+ is n easy = a _s4 ,b :at does x matt]8 ,consid] t ,i am seat$4 ,tasso4 ,oh1 t ,i c\ld see my ,leonora aga96 ,:5ev] ,i ?9k ( h]1 ,i feel a ?rill ( joy t rea*es f ! cr[n ( my head to ! extremity ( my feet1 & all my n]ves & ve9s are p]vad$ ) x4 ,my m9d1 too1 becomes inflam$ ) c]ta9 imag9+s & long+s t seem = ! "t to trans=m me4 ,i _c ?9k t ,i am ! ,torquato :o has exp]i5c$ s mu* mis=tune1 & ,i (t5 m\rn = myself z ?\gh ,i 7 dead4 ,truly1 x w\ld seem t worldly friction & suff]+ are wont to ov]:elm & le?>gise our fir/ nature )9 ea* ( u4 ,?is f "t to "t awak5s = a brief space1 b less frequ5tly z we gr[ old]1 :5 x always )draws1 & falls into an increas+ly s\nd sleep4 ,f9ally1 x dies1 al?\gh our life /ill cont9ues4 ,9 %ort1 ,i m>vel h[ ! ?\ght ( a woman %\ld h suffici5t p[] to rejuv5ate ! m9d1 & make x =get s _m tr\bles4 ,_h ,i n lo/ all hope ( see+ ,leonora aga91 ,i c\ld almo/ believe ,i might /ill succe$ 9 be+ happy4 ,_s4 ,:i* d y consid] ! m delightful1 to see ! de> woman1 or to ?9k ( h]8 ,tasso4 ,i d n "k4 ,x is true :5 ne> me %e seem$ only a woman2 at a di/ance1 h[ev]1 %e 0 l a goddess4 ,_s4 ,^! goddesses are s amiable t :5 "o approa*es y1 %e in/antane\sly puts (f h] div9ity1 & pockets h] halo ( greatness = fe> ( dazzl+ ! mortal to :om %e appe>s4 ,tasso4 ,!re is only too mu* tru? 9 :at y say4 ,b d y n ?9k x is a great fail+ 9 wom5 t !y prove really to be s v diff]5t f :at we imag9e8 ,_s4 ,i sc>cely ?9k x is _! fault t !y are1 l u1 made ( fle% & blood1 in/ead ( ambrosia & nect>4 ,:at 9 ! _w has a ?\s&? "p ( ! p]fection ) :i* y\r fancy end[s wom58 ,x surprises me t y are n a/oni%$ to f9d t m5 are m51 t is1 creatures ( little m]it & amiability1 s9ce y _c und]/& :y wom5 are n really angels4 ,tasso4 ,9 spite ( all ?is1 ,i am dy+ to see h] aga94 ,_s4 ,compose y\rself4 ,?is v night y %all dream ( h]4 ,i w lead h] to y1 beautiful z y\?1 & s k9dly dispos$ t y w be enc\rag$ to speak to h] mu* m freely & readily ?an 9 =m] times4 ,y w be induc$ at l5g? to take h] by ! h&1 & %e1 look+ int5tly at y1 w surfeit y\r s\l ) sweetness4 ,& to-morr[1 :5ev] y ?9k ( ! dream1 y\r he>t w ov]fl[ ) affection4 ,tasso4 ,:at a consolation6 ,a dream in/ead ( ! tru?4 ,_s4 ,:at is tru?8 ,tasso4 ,i am z ignorant on ! subject z ,pilate 04 ,_s4 ,well1 ,i w tell y4 ,betwe5 tru? or reality1 & a dream !re is ?is diff]5ce--! latt] is mu* ! f9] ?+ ( ! two4 ,tasso4 ,:at6 ,! pleasure ( a dream wor? m ?an a real pleasure8 ,_s4 ,x is4 ,z an in/ance1 ,i "k a man :o /udi\sly avoids meet+ 8 swee!>t ! foll[+ day aft] %e has appe>$ to him 9 a dream4 ,he kn[s full well t he w\ld n f9d 9 h] all ! *>ms ) :i* %e 0 end[$ 9 ! dream1 & t reality1 dispell+ ! illusion1 w\ld deprive him ( ! pleasure he felt4 ,! anci5ts too1 :o 7 mu* m dilig5t & skilful 9 _! se>* aft] all ! enjoym5ts possible = man to h1 did wisely 9 endeav\r+ by v>i\s means to realise ! sweetness & pleasure ( dreams4 ,py?agoras also 0 "r :5 he =bad ! eat+ ( beans = supp]2 ^! vegetables produc+ a dreamless or tr\bl$ sleep4#b ,i c\ld also f9d excuse = ^? sup]/iti\s p :o 7 wont1 be=e go+ to b$1 to invoke ! aid ( ,m]cury1 ! presid5t ( dreams4 ,!y (f]$ sacrifice to him t he might grant !m happy dreams1 & us$ to keep an image ( ! god at ! foot ( _! b$4 ,?us x 0 t be+ unable to procure any happ9ess dur+ ! day1 p s\ght x 9 ! night-"t4 ,i am ( op9ion t !y 7 9 a measure successful1 & t ,m]cury paid m att5tion to _! pray]s ?an 0 ! cu/om ( ! o!r gods4 ,tasso4 ,b1 s9ce m5 live = no?+ b pleasure1 :e!r ( m9d or body1 if ?is pleasure c only be f\nd :5 we dream1 x foll[s t we live = no o!r purpose b to dream4 ,n[ ,i really _c admit t4 ,_s4 ,y already admit x1 inasmu* z y live1 & are will+ to live4 ,b :at is pleasure8 ,tasso4 ,my acqua9tance ) x is too slight to enable me to answ] y4 ,_s4 ,no "o has any real acqua9tance ) x1 because pleasure is n a reality1 b a conception4 ,x is a desire1 n a fact4 ,a s5tim5t1 imag9$ n exp]i5c$2 or1 bett]1 x is a conception1 & n a s5tim5t at all4 ,d y n p]ceive t ev5 9 ! v mom5t ( enjoym5t1 h[ev] ard5tly x may h be5 long$ = or pa9fully acquir$1 y\r m9d1 n d]iv+ complete satisfaction f ! happ9ess1 anticipates at "s future "t a great] & m complete enjoym5t8 ,x is expectation t con/itutes pleasure4 ,?us1 y nev] we>y ( plac+ reliance on "s pleasure ( ! future1 :i* melts away j :5 y expect to enjoy x4 ,! tru? is1 y possess no?+ b ! hope ( a m complete enjoym5t at "s o!r "t2 & ! satisfaction ( imag9+ t y h _h "s enjoym5t1 & ( talk+ ab\t x to o!rs1 less because y are va9 ?an to p]suade y\rself t ! illusion is a reality4 ,h5ce1 ev]yone t cons5ts to live makes ?is fugitive dream 8 aim 9 life4 ,he believes 9 ! reality ( pa/ & future enjoym5t1 bo? ( :i* beliefs are false & fanciful4 ,tasso4 ,!n is x impossible = a man to believe t he is actually happy8 ,_s4 ,if su* a belief 7 possible1 8 happ9ess w\ld be g5u9e4 ,b tell me3 d y ev] rememb] hav+ be5 able at any mom5t 9 y\r life to say s9c]ely1 ,i am happy8 ,d\btless y h daily be5 able to say1 & h said 9 all s9c]ity1 ,i %all be happy2 & (t5 too1 ?\gh less s9c]ely1 ,i h be5 happy4 ,?us1 pleasure is always ei!r a ?+ ( ! pa/1 or ! future1 nev] ! pres5t4 ,tasso4 ,y may z well say x is non-exi/5t4 ,_s4 ,s x seems4 ,tasso4 ,ev5 9 dreams8 ,_s4 ,ev5 9 dreams1 consid]+ pleasure 9 its true s5se4 ,tasso4 ,& yet pleasure is ! sole object & aim ( life6 ,by ! t]m pleasure ,i mean ! happ9ess :i* ought to be a consequ5ce ( pleasure4 ,_s4 ,assur$ly4 ,tasso4 ,!n our life1 be+ depriv$ ( its real aim1 mu/ always be imp]fect1 & exi/5ce itself unnatural4 ,_s4 ,p]haps4 ,tasso4 ,!re is no p]haps 9 ! matt]4 ,b :y is x t we live8 ,i mean1 :y d we cons5t to live8 ,_s4 ,h[ %\ld ,i "k8 ,y y\rselves ought to "k bett] ?an ,i4 ,tasso4 ,i assure y ,i d n "k4 ,_s4 ,ask "s "o wis] ?an y\rself4 ,p]haps he may be able to satisfy y4 ,tasso4 ,i w d s4 ,b c]ta9ly1 ! life t ,i lead is an unnatural /ate1 because ap>t f my suff]+s1 ennui alone murd]s me4 ,_s4 ,:at is ennui8 ,tasso4 ,z to ?is1 ,i c answ] f exp]i5ce4 ,ennui seems to me ( ! nature ( atmosph]e1 :i* fills up ! spaces betwe5 mat]ial bodies1 & also ! voids 9 ! bodies !mselves4 ,:5ev] a body disappe>s1 & is n replac$ by ano!r1 air fills up ! gap imm$iately4 ,s too1 9 human life1 ! int]vals betwe5 pleasures & pa9s are occupi$ by ennui4 ,& s9ce 9 ! mat]ial _w1 accord+ to ! ,p]ipatetics1 !re c be no vacuum1 s also 9 our life !re is none1 save :5 = "s cause or o!r ! m9d loses its p[] ( ?\ght4 ,at all o!r times ! m9d1 consid]$ z a sep>ate id5tity f ! body1 is occupi$ ) "s s5tim5t4 ,if void ( pleasure or pa91 x is full ( ennui2 = ?is la/ is also a s5tim5t l pleasure & pa94 ,_s4 ,&1 s9ce all y\r pleasures are l cobwebs1 exce$+ly fragile1 ?9 & transp>5t1 ennui p5etrates _! tissue1 & saturates !m1 j z air p5etrates ! webs4 ,i believe ennui is really no?+ b ! desire ( happ9ess1 )\t ! illusion ( pleasure & ! suff]+ ( pa94 ,?is desire1 we h said1 is nev] completely satisfi$1 s9ce true pleasure does n exi/4 ,s t human life may be said to be int]wov5 ) pa9 & ennui1 & "o ( ^! s5tim5ts disappe>s only to give place to ! o!r4 ,?is is ! fate ( all m51 & n ( y\rself alone4 ,tasso4 ,:at rem$y is !re = ennui8 ,_s4 ,sleep1 opium1 & pa94 ,! la/ is ! be/ ( ! ?ree1 because he :o suff]s nev] exp]i5ces ennui4 ,tasso4 ,i w\ld r submit to ennui = ! re/ ( my life1 ?an take su* m$ic9e4 ,b its =ce & /r5g? may be dim9i%$ by action1 "w1 & ev5 o!r s5tim5ts2 ?\gh ^! d n entirely free u f ennui1 s9ce !y are unable to give u real pleasure4 ,"h 9 prison h[ev]1 depriv$ ( human society1 )\t ev5 ! means ( writ+1 r$uc$ = an amusem5t to c\nt+ ! ticks ( ! clock1 look+ at ! beams1 cracks1 & nails ( ! ceil+1 ?9k+ ab\t ! pavem5t /ones1 & wat*+ ! gnats & flies :i* flit across my cell1 ,i h no?+ to relieve = a mom5t my burd5 ( ennui4 ,_s4 ,h[ long h y be5 r$uc$ to ?is k9d ( life8 ,tasso4 ,= _m weeks1 z y "k4 ,_s4 ,h y felt no v>iation 9 ! ennui :i* oppresses y1 f ! fir/ day until n[8 ,tasso4 ,yes4 ,i felt x m at fir/4 ,gradually my m9d is becom+ accu/om$ to its own society2 ,i d]ive m & m pleasure f my solitude1 & by practice ,i am acquir+ s great a read9ess 9 conv]sation1 or r *att]+ to myself1 t ,i seem to h 9 my head a company ( talkative p1 & ! mo/ trifl+ object is n[ suffici5t to give rise to endless disc\rse4 ,_s4 ,?is habit w gr[ on y daily to su* an ext5t1 t :5 y are free1 y w feel m idle 9 society ?an 9 solitude4 ,cu/om has made y be> pati5tly y\r k9d ( life1 & ! same influ5ce works n only 9 p :o m$itate l y1 b 9 ev]yone4 ,besides1 ! v fact t y are sep>at$ f m51 & ev51 x may be said1 f life itself1 w be ( "s advantage to y4 ,disgu/$ & we>i$ ) human affairs1 z y are f y\r sad exp]i5ce1 y w 9 "t beg9 to look on !m1 f a di/ance1 ) an appreciative eye4 ,9 y\r solitude !y w appe> to y m beautiful1 & wor?y ( affection4 ,y w =get _! vanity & mis]y1 & w take ^u y\rself to re-create ! _w z y w\ld h x4 ,consequ5tly1 y w value1 desire1 & love life4 ,&1 provid$ !re be ! possibility or c]ta9ty ( y\r return to human society "s day1 y\r new aspect ( life w fill & gladd5 y\r m9d ) a joy l t ( *ildhood4 ,solitude does inde$ sometimes act l a second y\?4 ,x rejuv5ates ! s\l1 revives ! imag9ation1 & r5ews 9 an exp]i5c$ man ^? impressions ( e>ly innoc5ce t y s ard5tly desire4 ,b y\r eyes seem heavy ) sleep3 ,i w n[ !re=e leave y to prep>e ! f9e dream ,i promis$ y4 ,?us betwe5 dreams & fancies1 y\r life %all pass )\t o!r ga9 ?an ! fact ( its pass+1 :i* is ! sole b5efit ( life4 ,to ha/5 x %\ld be ! "o aim ( y\r exi/5ce4 ,y are (t5 oblig$ to cl+ to life1 z x 7 ) y\r tee?2 happy w be ! day :5 dea? releases y f ! /ruggle4 ,b aft] all1 "t passes z t$i\sly ) y\r p]secutor 9 8 palace & g>d5s1 z ) y 9 y\r prison *amb]4 ,adieu4 ,tasso4 ,adieu1 yet /ay a mom5t4 ,y\r conv]sation always enliv5s me4 ,x does n draw me f my sadness1 b my m9d1 :i* is g5]ally comp>able to a d>k night1 moonless & />less1 *anges :5 y are ne> to a condition l t ( a grey dawn1 pleasurable r ?an o!rwise4 ,n[ tell me h[ ,i c f9d y 9 case ,i want y at "s future "t4 ,_s4 ,d y n yet "k8--,9 any g5]\s liquor4 ,footnote #a3 ,tasso1 dur+ 8 m5tal halluc9ations1 us$ to fancy1 l ,socrates1 t he 0 visit$ by a fri5dly _s1 ) :i* he w\ld hold long conv]sations4 ,manso1 9 8 life ( ,tasso1 m5tions ?is1 & /ates t he 0 once pres5t dur+ su* a colloquy or soliloquy betwe5 ,tasso & 8 imag9$ companion4 ,footnote #b3 ,apollonius1 ,hi/4 ,comm5t41 cap4 #df1 c4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,nature ,,& ,,an ,,icel&]4 ,an ,icel&] :o _h travell$ ov] mo/ ( ! e>?1 & _h liv$ 9 v _m diff]5t l&s1 f\nd himself "o day 9 ! he>t ( ,africa4 ,z he cross$ ! equator 9 a place nev] be=e p5etrat$ by man1 he _h an adv5ture l t :i* happ5$ to ,vasco di ,gama1 :o1 :5 pass+ ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 0 oppos$ by two giants1 ! gu>dians ( ! s\!rn seas1 t tri$ to prev5t 8 entrance into ! new wat]s4#a ,! ,icel&] saw 9 ! di/ance a huge bu/1 9 appe>ance l ! colossal ,h]mes he _h =m]ly se5 9 ! ,isle ( ,pasqua4 ,at fir/ he ?\ght x 0 made ( /one1 b z he drew ne> to x he saw t ! head belong$ to an enorm\s woman1 :o 0 seat$ on ! gr\nd1 re/+ h] back aga9/ a m\nta94 ,! figure 0 alive1 & _h a c\nt5ance bo? magnific5t & t]rible1 & eyes & hair ( a jet black col\r4 ,%e look$ fix$ly at him = a long "t 9 sil5ce4 ,at l5g? %e said3 ,nature4 ,:o art ?\8 ,:at doe/ ?\ "h1 :]e ?y race is unkn[n8 ,icel&]4 ,i am a poor ,icel&]1 flee+ f ,nature4 ,i h fl$ f h] ev] s9ce ,i 0 a *ild1 ?r\gh a hundr$ diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 & ,i am flee+ f h] n[4 ,nature4 ,s flees ! squirrel f ! rattlesnake1 & runs 9 its ha/e delib]ately into ! m\? ( its torm5tor4 ,i am t f :i* ?\ flee/4 ,icel&]4 ,nature8 ,nature4 ,ev5 s4 ,icel&]4 ,i am smitt5 ) angui%1 = ,i consid] no worse mis=tune c\ld befall me4 ,nature4 ,?\ mighte/ well h imag9$ t ,i 0 to be f\nd 9 c\ntries :]e my p[] is supreme/4 ,b :y do/ ?\ %un me8 ,icel&]4 ,y mu/ "k t f my e>lie/ y\?1 exp]i5ce conv9c$ me ( ! vanity ( life1 & ! folly ( m54 ,i saw ^! latt] ceaselessly /ruggl+ = pleasures t please n1 & possessions t d n satisfy4 ,i saw !m inflict on !mselves1 & volunt>ily suff]1 inf9ite pa9s1 :i*1 unlike ! pleasures1 7 only too g5u9e4 ,9 %ort1 ! m ard5tly !y s\ght happ9ess1 ! fur!r !y seem$ remov$ f x4 ,^! ?+s made me det]m9e to ab&on e design1 to live a life ( peace & obscurity1 h>m+ no "o1 /riv+ 9 n\ght to bett] my condition1 & conte/+ no?+ ) anyone4 ,i despair$ ( happ9ess1 :i* ,i reg>d$ z a ?+ )held f our race1 & my only aim 0 to %ield myself f suff]+4 ,n t ,i _h ! lea/ int5tion ( ab/a9+ f "w1 or bodily lab\r2 = !re is z great a diff]5ce betwe5 m]e fatigue & pa91#b z betwe5 a peaceful & an idle life4 ,b :5 ,i began to c>ry out my project1 ,i le>nt f exp]i5ce h[ fallaci\s x is to ?9k t "o c live in(f5sively among/ m5 )\t (f5d+ !m4 ,?\gh ,i always gave !m prec$5ce1 & took ! smalle/ "p ( ev]y?+1 ,i f\nd nei!r re/ nor happ9ess among !m4 ,h[ev]1 ?is ,i soon rem$i$4 ,by avoid+ m5 ,i fre$ myself f _! p]secutions4 ,i took refuge 9 solitude--easily obta9able 9 my native isl&4 ,hav+ done ?is1 ,i liv$ )\t a %ad[ ( enjoym5t2 yet ,i f\nd ,i _h n escap$ all suff]+4 ,! int5se cold ( ! long w9t]1 & ! extreme heat ( summ]1 *>act]i/ic ( ! c\ntry1 all[$ me no cessation f pa94 ,& :51 to w>m myself1 ,i pass$ mu* "t by ! fire1 ,i 0 scor*$ by ! flames1 & bl9d$ by ! smoke4 ,i suff]$ cont9u\sly1 :e!r 9 ! op5 air1 or 9 ! %elt] ( my cab94 ,9 %ort1 ,i fail$ to obta9 t life ( peace :i* 0 my "o desire4 ,t]rible /orms1 ,hecla's m5aces & rumbl+s1 & ! con/ant fires :i* occur among ! wood5 h\ses ( my c\ntry1 comb9$ to keep me 9 a /ate ( p]petual disquietude4 ,su* annoyances z ^!1 trivial ?\gh !y be :5 ! m9d is di/ract$ by ! ?\ghts & actions ( social & civil life1 are int5sifi$ by solitude4 ,i endur$ !m all1 toge!r ) ! hopeless monotony ( my exi/5ce1 solely 9 ord] to obta9 ! tranquillity ,i desir$4 ,i p]ceiv$ t ! m ,i isolat$ myself f m51 & conf9$ me to my own little sph]e1 ! less ,i succe$$ 9 protect+ myself f ! discom=ts & suff]+s ( ! out] _w4 ,!n ,i det]m9$ to try o!r climates & c\ntries1 to see if any:]e ,i c\ld live 9 peace1 h>m+ no "o1 & exi/ )\t suff]+1 if also )\t pleasure4 ,i 0 urg$ to ?is by ! ?\ght t p]haps y _h de/9$ = ! human race a c]ta9 "p ( ! e>? 7z y h = _m animals & plants71 :]e alone !y c\ld live 9 com=t4 ,9 :i* case x 0 our own fault if we suff]$ inconv5i5ce f hav+ exce$$ our natural b\nd>ies4 ,i h !re=e be5 ov] ! :ole e>?1 te/+ e c\ntry1 & always fulfill+ my int5tion ( tr\bl+ o!rs 9 ! lea/ possible degree1 & seek+ no?+ = myself b a life ( tranquillity4 ,b 9 va94 ,! tropical sun burnt me2 ! ,arctic cold froze me2 9 temp]ate regions ! *angeability ( ! wea!r tr\bl$ me2 & ev]y:]e ,i h exp]i5c$ ! fury ( ! elem5ts4 ,i h be5 9 places :]e n a day passes )\t a /orm1 & :]e y1 ,o ,nature1 are incessantly at w> ) simple p :o h nev] done y any h>m4 ,9 o!r places cl\dless skies are comp5sat$ = by frequ5t e>?quakes1 active volcanoes1 & subt]ranean commotions4 ,else:]e hurricanes & :irlw9ds take ! place ( o!r sc\rges4 ,sometimes ,i h he>d ! ro( ov] my head groan ) ! burd5 ( sn[ t x support$2 at o!r times ! e>?1 saturat$ ) ra91 has brok5 away b5ea? my feet4 ,riv]s h bur/ _! banks1 & pursu$ me1 flee+ at full spe$1 z ?\gh ,i 7 an enemy4 ,wild bea/s tri$ to dev\r me1 )\t ! lea/ provocation on my "p4 ,s]p5ts h s\ght to poison or cru% me2 & ,i h be5 ne>ly kill$ by insects4 ,i make no m5tion ( ! daily haz>ds by :i* man is surr\nd$4 ,^! la/ are s num]\s t an anci5t philosoph]#c laid d[n a rule1 t to resi/ ! con/ant influ5ce ( fe>1 x 7 well to fe> ev]y?+4 ,aga91 sickness has n fail$ to torm5t me1 ?\gh inv>iably temp]ate1 & ev5 ab/emi\s1 9 all bodily pleasures4 ,9 tru?1 our natural con/itution is an admirably arrang$ affair6 ,y inspire u ) a /rong & incessant ye>n+ = pleasure1 depriv$ ( :i* our life is imp]fect2 & on ! o!r h& y orda9 t no?+ %\ld be m oppos$ to physical heal? & /r5g?1 m calamit\s 9 its effects1 & m incompatible ) ! duration ( life itself1 ?an ?is same pleasure4 ,b al?\gh ,i indulg$ 9 no pleasures1 num]\s diseases attack$ me1 "s ( :i* endang]$ my life1 & o!rs ! use ( my limbs1 ?us ?reat5+ me ) ev5 an access ( mis]y4 ,all1 dur+ _m days or mon?s1 caus$ me to exp]i5ce a ?\s& bodily & m5tal pangs4 ,&1 :]eas 9 sickness we endure new & extraord9>y suff]+s1 z ?\gh our ord9>y life 7 n suffici5tly unhappy2 y d n comp5sate = ?is by giv+ u equally exceptional p]iods ( heal? & /r5g?1 & consequ5t enjoym5t4 ,9 regions :]e ! sn[ nev] melts1 ,i lo/ my sight2 ?is is an ord9>y occurr5ce among ! ,lapl&]s 9 _! cold c\ntry4 ,! sun & air1 ?+s necess>y = life1 & !re=e unavoidable1 tr\ble u cont9ually2 ! latt] by its dampness or sev]ity1 ! =m] by its heat1 & ev5 its light2 & to nei!r ( !m c man rema9 expos$ )\t suff]+ m or less inconv5i5ce or h>m4 ,9 %ort1 ,i _c recollect a s+le day dur+ :i* ,i h n suff]$ 9 "s way2 :]eas1 on ! o!r h&1 ! days t h gone by )\t a %ad[ ( enjoym5t are c\ntless4 ,i conclude !re=e t we are de/9$ to suff] mu* 9 proportion z we enjoy little1 & t x is z impossible to live peacefully z happily4 ,i also naturally come to ! conclusion t y are ! av[$ enemy ( m51 & all o!r creatures ( y\r creation4 ,sometimes allur+1 at o!r times m5ac+2 n[ attack+1 n[ /rik+1 n[ pursu+1 n[ de/roy+2 y are always engag$ 9 torm5t+ u4 ,ei!r by habit or necessity y are ! enemy ( y\r own family1 & ! execution] ( y\r own fle% & blood4 ,z = me1 ,i h lo/ all hope4 ,exp]i5ce has prov$ to me t ?\gh x be possible to escape f m5 & _! p]secutions1 x is impossible to evade y1 :o w nev] cease torm5t+ u until y h trodd5 u "u foot4 ,old age1 ) all its bitt]ness1 & sorr[s1 & accumulation ( tr\bles1 is already ne> to me4 ,?is wor/ ( evils y h de/9$ = u & all creat$ be+s1 f ! "t ( infancy4 ,f ! fif? lu/re ( life1 decl9e makes itself manife/2 its progress we are p[]less to /ay4 ,sc>ce a ?ird ( life is sp5t 9 ! bloom ( y\?2 b few mom5ts are claim$ by maturity2 all ! re/ is "o gradual decay1 ) its att5dant evils4 ,nature4 ,?9ke/ ?\ !n t ! _w 0 made = !e8 ,x is "t ?\ knewe/ t 9 my designs1 op]ations1 & decrees1 ,i nev] gave a ?\ght to ! happ9ess or unhapp9ess ( man4 ,if ,i cause y to suff]1 ,i am unaw>e ( ! fact2 nor d ,i p]ceive t ,i c 9 any way give y pleasure4 ,:at ,i d is 9 no s5se done = y\r enjoym5t or b5efit1 z y seem to ?9k4 ,f9ally1 if ,i by *ance ext]m9at$ y\r species1 ,i %\ld n "k x4 ,icel&]4 ,suppose a /rang] invit$ me to 8 h\se 9 a mo/ press+ mann]1 & ,i1 to oblige him1 accept$ 8 invitation4 ,on my arrival he took me to a damp & unheal?y place1 & lodg$ me 9 a *amb] op5 to ! air1 & s ru9\s t x ?reat5$ mom5t>ily to collapse & cru% me4 ,f> f endeav\r+ to amuse me1 & make me com=table1 he neglect$ to provide me ) ev5 ! necess>ies ( life4 ,& m ?an ?is4 ,suppose my ho/ caus$ me to be insult$1 ridicul$1 ?reat5$1 & beat5 by 8 sons & h\sehold4 ,& on my compla9+ to him ( su* ill-treatm5t1 he repli$3 ,do/ ?\ ?9k ,i made ?is h\se = !e8 ,d ,i keep ^! my *ildr5 & s]vants = ?y s]vice8 ,i assure !e ,i h o!r ?+s to occupy me1 ?an t ,i %\ld amuse !e1 or give !e welcome4 ,to :i* ,i answ]$3 ,well1 my fri5d1 ?\gh y may n h built y\r h\se especially = me1 at lea/ y might h =borne to ask me hi!r4 ,&1 s9ce ,i owe x to y t ,i am "h1 ought ,i n to rely on y to assure me1 if possible1 a life free f tr\ble & dang]8 ,?us ,i reply to y4 ,i am well aw>e y did n make ! _w = ! s]vice ( m54 ,x 7 easi] to believe t y made x expressly z a place ( torm5t = !m4 ,b tell me3 :y am ,i "h at all8 ,did ,i ask to come into ! _w8 ,or am ,i "h unnaturally1 contr>y to y\r w8 ,if h[ev]1 y y\rself h plac$ me "h1 )\t giv+ me ! p[] ( acceptance or refusal ( ?is gift ( life1 ought y n z f> z possible to try & make me happy1 or at lea/ pres]ve me f ! evils & dang]s1 :i* r5d] my soj\rn a pa9ful "o8 ,& :at ,i say ( myself1 ,i say ( ! :ole human race1 & ( e liv+ creature4 ,nature4 ,?\ =gette/ t ! life ( ! _w is a p]petual cycle ( production & de/ruction1 s comb9$ t ! "o works = ! good ( ! o!r4 ,by _! jo9t op]ation ! univ]se is pres]v$4 ,if ei!r ceas$1 ! _w w\ld dissolve4 ,!re=e1 if suff]+ 7 remov$ f ! e>?1 its own exi/5ce w\ld be endang]$4 ,icel&]4 ,s say all ! philosoph]s4 ,b s9ce t :i* is de/roy$ suff]s1 & t :i* is born f its de/ruction also suff]s 9 due c\rse1 & f9ally is 9 its turn de/roy$1 w\ld y enlight5 me on "o po9t1 ab\t :i* hi!rto no philosoph] has satisfi$ me8 ,= ^: pleasure & s]vice is ?is wret*$ life ( ! _w ma9ta9$1 by ! suff]+ & dea? ( all ! be+s :i* compose x8 ,:il/ !y discuss$ ^! & simil> que/ions1 two lions are said to h sudd5ly appe>$4 ,! bea/s 7 s enfeebl$ & emaciat$ ) hung] t !y 7 sc>cely able to dev\r ! ,icel&]4 ,!y accompli%$ ! feat h[ev]1 & ?us ga9$ suffici5t /r5g? to live to ! end ( ! day4 ,b c]ta9 p dispute ?is fact4 ,!y affirm t a viol5t w9d hav+ aris51 ! un=tunate ,icel&] 0 bl[n to ! gr\nd1 & soon ov]:elm$ b5ea? a magnific5t mausoleum ( s&4 ,"h 8 corpse 0 rem>kably pres]v$1 & 9 process ( "t he 0 trans=m$ into a f9e mummy4 ,subsequ5tly1 "s travell]s discov]$ ! body1 & c>ri$ x (f z a specim51 ultimately deposit+ x 9 "o ( ! museums ( ,europe4 ,footnote #a3 ,camo5s' ,lusiad1 canto #e4 ,footnote #b3 ,cic]o says3 ,lab\r & pa9 are n id5tical4 ,lab\r is a toil-"s function ( body or m9d--pa9 an unpleasant di/urbance 9 ! body4 ,:5 !y cut ,m>ius' ve9s1 x 0 pa92 :5 he m>*$ at ! head ( ! troops 9 a great heat1 x 0 lab\r4--,tusc4 ,qu/4 ,footnote #c3 ,s5eca1 ,natural4 ,"q3 lib4 #f1 cap4 #b4 ,,p>9i ,,on ,,glory4 ,,giuseppe ,,p>9i#a 0 9 our op9ion "o ( ! v few ,italians :o to lit]>y excell5ce jo9$ dep? ( ?\ght1 & acqua9tance ) contempor>y philosophy4 ,^! latt] attributes are n[ s ess5tial to ! cultivation ( ! belles lettres1 t _! abs5ce w\ld be inconceivable1 did we n f9d an inf9ite numb] ( ,italian littrateurs ( ! pres5t day1 9 :om !y are want+4 ,he 0 rem>kable = 8 simplicity1 8 compassion = ! un=tunate & 8 own c\ntry1 8 fidelity1 high-m9d$ness1 & ! c\rage ) :i* he bore ! adv]sities ( nature & =tune1 :i* torm5t$ him dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( 8 mis]able & l[ly life4 ,dea? h[ev] drew him f obscurity4 ,he _h sev]al disciples1 :om he taught1 fir/ ( all1 to ga9 exp]i5ce ( m5 & ?+s1 & !n to amuse !mselves ) eloqu5ce & poetry4 ,among 8 foll[]s 0 a y\?1 lately come to him1 ( wond]ful g5ius & indu/ry1 & ( v great promise4 ,to him "o day ,p>9i spoke z foll[s3 ,y seek1 my son1 ! only av5ue to glory :i* is op5 to p :o lead a private life1 su* glory z is sometimes ! rew>d ( wisdom1 & lit]>y & o!r /udies4 ,n[ y are n unaw>e t ?is glory1 ?\gh f> f be+ despis$1 0 by our greate/ ance/ors held 9 less e/eem ?an t d]ivable f o!r ?+s4 ,cic]o1 = in/ance1 ?\gh a mo/ ard5t & successful foll[] ( glory1 frequ5tly & emphatically makes apology = ! "t & lab\r he _h sp5t 9 its pursuit4 ,on "o occasion he /ates t 8 lit]>y & philosophical /udies 7 second>y to 8 public life2 on ano!r1 t be+ con/ra9$ by ! wick$ness ( ! age to ab&on m important bus9ess1 he hop$ to sp5d 8 leisure pr(itably amid ^! /udies4 ,he inv>iably rat$ ! glory ( 8 writ+s at a l[] value ?an t acquir$ f 8 consul%ip & 8 lab\rs on behalf ( ! republic4 ,inde$1 if human life be ! pr9cipal subject ( lit]ature1 & to rule our actions ! fir/ lesson ( philosophy2 !re c be no d\bt t action itself is z mu* m important & noble ?an ?\ghts & writ+1 z ! end is nobl] ?an ! means1 or z ?+s & subjects 9 comp>ison ) words & reason+4 ,= no man1 h[ev] clev] he be1 is naturally creat$ = /udy1 nor born to write4 ,action alone is natural to him4 ,& we see ! majority ( f9e writ]s1 & especially illu/ri\s poets 9 ! pres5t age 7,vittorio ,alfi]i1 = in/ance71 impell$ to action 9 an extraord9>y degree4 ,!n1 if by *ance ! de$s ( ^! m5 prove unacceptable1 ei!r f ! nature ( ! times or _! own ill-=tune1 !y take up ! p5 & write gr& ?+s4 ,nor c p write :o h nei!r ! disposition nor p[] to act4 ,f ?is y w easily und]/& :y s few ,italians ga9 immortal fame by _! writ+s2 x is t !y are by nature unfit = noble actions4 ,antiquity1 especially t ( ! e>ly ,greeks or ,romans1 is1 ,i ?9k1 comp>able to ! design ( ! /atue ( ,telesilla1 :o 0 a poetess1 a w>rior1 & ! savi\r ( h] c\ntry4 ,%e is repres5t$ hold+ h] helmet1 at :i* %e looks int5tly & long+ly1 z ?\gh %e desir$ to place x on h] head2 at h] feet lie "s books almo/ disreg>d$1 z =m+ b an insignificant "p ( h] glory4#b ,b m5 ( mod]n times are diff]5tly situat$ to ! anci5ts4 ,glory is less op5 to !m4 ,!y :o make /udies _! vocation 9 life %[ ! greate/ possible magnanimity2 nor ne$ !y1 l ,cic]o1 apologise to _! c\ntry = ! pr(ession !y h *os54 ,i !re=e applaud ! nobility ( y\r decision4 ,b s9ce a life ( lett]s1 be+ unnatural1 _c be liv$ )\t injury to ! body1 nor )\t increas+ 9 _m ways ! natural infelicity ( y\r m9d1 ,i reg>d x z my duty to expla9 to y ! v>i\s difficulties att5dant on ! pursuit ( t glory t[>ds :i* y aspire1 & ! results t w foll[ success %\ld y atta9 x4 ,y w !n be able to e/imate1 on ! "o h&1 ! importance & value ( ! goal1 & y\r *ance ( rea*+ x2 &1 on ! o!r1 ! suff]+s1 ex]tions1 & discom=ts insep>able f ! pursuit4 ,?us1 y may be bett] able to decide :e!r x be exp$i5t to cont9ue z y h begun1 or to seek glory by "s o!r road4 ,footnote #a3 ,p>9i liv$ #agbi-agii4 ,z a philosoph] & satiri/ he seems to h ex]cis$ no slight influ5ce ov] ! m9d ( ,leop>di4 ,footnote #b3 ,pausanias1 lib4 #b1 cap4 #bj4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,i might fir/ ( all say a great deal ab\t ! rivalries1 envy1 bitt] c5sures1 libels1 inju/ices1 s*emes & plots aga9/ y\r "*1 bo? 9 public & private1 & ! _m o!r difficulties :i* ! wick$ness ( m5 w induce !m to oppose to y 9 ! pa? y h *os54 ,^! ob/acles1 always v h>d to ov]come & (t5 insup]able1 ex]cise a fur!r influ5ce4 ,x is ow+ to !m t m ?an "o au?or1 n only 9 life1 b ev5 :5 dead1 is robb$ ( ! hon\r t is due to him4 ,su* an "o1 n hav+ be5 fam\s :5 alive1 because ( ! hatr$ or envy ) :i* he 0 reg>d$ by o!rs1 :5 dead rema9s 9 obscurity1 because he is =gott52 = x r>ely happ5s t a man obta9s glory aft] he has ceas$ writ+1 :5 !re is no "o to excite an int]e/ 9 him4 ,i d n int5d to ref] to ! h9drances :i* arise f matt]s p]sonal to ! writ]1 & o!r m trivial ?+s4 ,yet x is (t5 ow+ to ^! latt] t writ+s wor?y ( ! highe/ praise1 & ! fruit ( inf9ite ex]tions1 are = ev] exclud$ f fame1 or hav+ be5 be=e ! _w = a %ort "t1 fall into oblivion1 & disappe> entirely f ! memory ( m54 ,= ! same causes o!r writ+s1 ei!r inf]ior to or no bett] ?an ^!1 become highly hon\r$4 ,i w m]ely expose to y ! difficulties & tr\bles :i*1 ap>t f ! malice ( m51 w /ubbornly conte/ ! prize ( glory4 ,^! emb>rassm5ts are ( ord9>y1 n exceptional occurr5ce1 & h be5 exp]i5c$ by mo/ great writ]s4 ,y are aw>e t no "o c be call$ a great writ]1 nor obta9s true & la/+ glory1 except by means ( excell5t & p]fect works1 or su* z approa* p]fection4 ,! foll[+ v true utt]ance ( ,ca/iglione is wor?y ( be+ engrav$ on y\r m9d3--,x is v seldom t a p]son unaccu/om$ to write1 h[ev] le>n$ he be1 c adequately recognise ! skill & indu/ry ( writ]s2 or appreciate ! delicacy & excell5ce ( /yles1 & ^? subtle & hidd5 significations :i* ab\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! anci5ts4' ,9 ! fir/ place1 consid] h[ v few p practise or le>n ! art ( composition2 & ?9k f h[ small a numb] ( m51 :e!r 9 ! pres5t or ! future1 y c 9 any case look = ! magnific5t e/imation :i* y hope w be ! rew>d ( y\r life4 ,consid]1 too1 h[ mu* influ5ce /yle has 9 secur+ appreciation = writ+s4 ,on ?is1 & _! degree ( p]fection1 dep5ds ! subsequ5t fate ( all works t come "u ! head+ ( 'light lit]ature1' ,s great is ! influ5ce ( /yle1 t a book presumably celebrat$ = its matt] (t5 proves valueless :5 depriv$ ( its mann]4 ,n[1 language is s int]wov5 ) /yle t ! "o c h>dly be consid]$ ap>t f ! o!r4 ,m5 frequ5tly confuse ! two toge!r1 & are (t5 unable to express ! di/9ction betwe5 !m1 if ev5 !y are aw>e ( x 9 ! fir/ place4 ,& z = ! ?\s& m]its & defects ( language & /yle1 ) difficulty1 if at all1 c !y be disc]n$ & assign$ to _! respective prop]ties4 ,b x is c]ta91 to quote ! words ( ,ca/iglione1 t no =eign] is 'accu/om$ to write' ) elegance 9 y\r language4 ,x foll[s !re=e t /yle1 :i* is s great & important a necessity 9 composition1 & a ?+ ( su* unacc\ntable difficulty & lab\r1 bo? 9 acquirem5t & usage1 c only prop]ly be judg$ & appreciat$ by ! p]sons :o 9 "o s+le nation are accu/om$ to write4 ,= all o!r p ! b\ndless ex]tions atta*$ to ! =mation ( /yle w be almo/ useless1 & z if entirely wa/$4 ,i w n ref] to ! inf9ite div]sities ( op9ion1 & ! v>i\s t5d5cies ( read]s2 ow+ to :i* ! numb] ( p]sons adapt$ to p]ceive ! good qualities ( ?is or t book is /ill m r$uc$4 ,y mu/ reg>d x z an und\bt$ fact t1 9 ord] to di/9ctly recognise ! value ( a p]fect or ne>ly p]fect "w1 des]v+ ( immortality1 x is n en\gh m]ely to be accu/om$ to write4 ,y y\rself mu/ be able to accompli% ! "w 9 "q almo/ z p]fectly z ! writ] himself4 ,& z exp]i5ce gradually tea*es y :at qualities con/itute a p]fect writ]1 & :at an inf9ity ( difficulties mu/ be surm\nt$ be=e ^! c be obta9$1 y w le>n h[ to ov]come ! latt]1 & acquire ! =m]2 s t 9 "t k & p[] w prove to be "o & ! same ?+4 ,h5ce a man _c disc]n nor fully appreciate ! excell5ce ( p]fect writ]s until he is able to give expression to x 9 8 own writ+s2 because su* p]fection c only be appreciat$ by :at may be t]m$ a transf]5ce ( x into oneself4 ,until ?is be done1 a man _c really und]/& :at con/itutes p]fection 9 writ+1 & w !re=e be unable to duly admire ! be/ writ]s4 ,n[ mo/ lit]>y m51 because !y write easily1 ?9k !y write well2 !y !re=e reg>d good writ+ z a facile accompli%m5t1 ev5 ?\gh !y ass]t ! contr>y4 ,?9k1 !n1 h[ ! numb] w be r$uc$ ( ^? :o might appreciate & laud y :51 aft] inconceivable ex]tions & c>e1 y succe$ 9 produc+ a noble & p]fect "w4 ,9 ! pres5t day !re are sc>cely two or ?ree m5 9 ,italy :o h acquir$ ! art ( p]fect writ+2 & al?\gh ?is numb] may appe> to y excessively small1 at no "t nor place has x ev] be5 mu* great]4 ,i (t5 wond] to myself h[ ,virgil1 z a supreme example ( lit]>y p]fection1 ev] acquir$ ! high reputation 9 :i* he is n[ held4 ,= ,i am c]ta9 t mo/ ( 8 read]s & eulogis]s d n discov] 9 8 poems m ?an "o beauty = e t5 or tw5ty reveal$ to me by cont9u\s /udy & m$itation4 ,n t ,i imag9e ,i h succe$$ 9 e/imat+ him at 8 prop] value1 nor h d]iv$ e possible enjoym5t f 8 writ+s4 ,9 tru?1 ! e/eem & admiration pr(ess$ = ! greate/ writ]s is ord9>ily ! result ( a bl9d pr$isposition 9 _! fav\r1 r ?an ! outcome ( an imp>tial judgm5t1 or ! consequ5ce ( a due appreciation ( _! m]its4 ,:5 ,i 0 "y ,i rememb] fir/ read+ ,virgil1 be+ on ! "o h& unbiass$ 9 my judgm5t1 & c>eless ( ! op9ion ( o!rs 7a v r>e ?+1 by ! by72 &1 on ! o!r h&1 z ignorant z mo/ boys ( my age1 ?\gh p]haps n m s ?an is ! un*ang+ condition ( _m read]s4 ,i refus$ to admit t ,virgil's reputation 0 m]it$1 s9ce ,i fail$ to discov] 9 him mu* m ?an is to be f\nd 9 v ord9>y poets4 ,inde$1 x surprises me t ,virgil's fame %\ld excel t ( ,lucan4 ,= we see ! mass ( read]s1 at all times1 equally :5 ! lit]ature ( ! day is ( a debas+ or an elevat+ t5d5cy1 mu* pref] gross & unmi/akable beauties to ^? t are delicate & half-conceal$4 ,!y also pref] f]v\r to mode/y2 (t5 inde$ ev5 ! app>5t to ! real2 & usually m$iocrity to p]fection4 ,9 read+ ! lett]s ( a c]ta9 pr9ce1 exceptionally intellig5t1 ^: writ+ 0 rem>kable = its wit1 pleasantry1 smoo?ness1 & acut5ess1 ,i cle>ly disc]n$ t 9 8 he>t he pref]r$ ! ,h5riad to ! neid2 al?\gh ! fe> ( %ock+ m5's s5sibilities might det] him f confess+ su* a pref]5ce4 ,i am a/oni%$ t ! judgm5t ( a few1 correct ?\gh x be1 %\ld h succe$$ 9 controll+ t ( numb]s1 & %\ld h e/abli%$ ! cu/om ( an e/eem no less bl9d ?an j4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n always occur1 & ,i imag9e t ! fame ga9$ by ! be/ writ]s is r a matt] ( *ance ?an m]it4 ,my op9ion may be confirm$ by :at ,i say z we proce$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,we h se5 h[ v few p w be able to appreciate y :5 y succe$ 9 becom+ a p]fect writ]4 ,n[1 ,i wi% to indicate "s ( ! h9drances t w prev5t ev5 ^! few f rightly e/imat+ y\r wor?1 al?\gh !y see ! signs ( x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re c be no d\bt t all writ+s ( eloqu5ce or poetry are judg$1 n s mu* on _! m]its1 z by ! effect !y produce 9 ! m9d ( ! read]4 ,s t ! read] may be said to consid] !m r 9 himself ?an 9 !mselves4 ,consequ5tly m5 :o are naturally devoid ( imag9ation & en?usiasm1 ?\gh gift$ ) mu* intellig5ce1 disc]nm5t1 & no little le>n+1 are almo/ q incapable ( =m+ a correct judgm5t ( fanciful writ+s4 ,!y _c 9 ! lea/ imm]se _! m9ds 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]1 & usually h )9 !mselves a feel+ ( contempt = 8 compositions1 because unable to discov] 9 :at _! s great fame consi/s4 ,su* read+ awak5s no emotion )9 !m1 nor does x ar\se _! imag9ation1 or create 9 !m any especial s5sation ( pleasure4 ,& ev5 p :o are naturally dispos$ & incl9$ to receive ! impression ( :atev] image or fancy a writ] has prop]ly signifi$1 v (t5 exp]i5ce a feel+ ( coldness1 indiff]5ce1 languor1 or dulness2 s t = ! "t !y resemble ! p]sons j m5tion$4 ,?is *ange is due to div]s causes1 int]nal & ext]nal1 physical & m5tal1 & is ei!r tempor>y or la/+4 ,at su* times no "o1 ev5 ?\gh himself an excell5t writ]1 is a good judge ( writ+s int5d$ to excite ! affections or ! imag9ation4 ,aga91 !re is ! dang] ( satiety due to previ\s read+ ( simil> writ+s4 ,c]ta9 passions too1 ( m or less /r5g?1 f "t to "t inve/ ! m9d1 leav+ no room = ! emotions :i* ought to be excit$ by ! read+4 ,& x (t5 happ5s t places2 spectacles1 natural or artificial1 music2 & a hundr$ su* ?+s1 :i* w\ld ord9>ily excite u1 are n[ incapable ( ar\s+ or delight+ u 9 ! lea/1 al?\gh no less attractive ?an =m]ly4 ,b1 ?\gh a man1 = "o or o!r ( ^! reasons1 may be ill dispos$ to appreciate ! effects ( eloqu5ce or poetry1 he does n = t reason def] judgm5t ( books on bo? ^! subjects :i* he !n happ5s to read = ! fir/ "t4 ,i myself sometimes take up ,hom]1 ,cic]o1 or ,petr>*1 & read )\t feel+ ! lea/ emotion4 ,yet1 z ,i am q aw>e ( ! m]its ( ^! writ]s1 bo? because ( _! reputation1 & my own frequ5t appreciation ( _! *>ms1 ,i d n = a mom5t ?9k !m undes]v$ly prais$ simply because ,i am at pres5t too dull to d !m ju/ice4 ,b x is diff]5t ) books read = ! fir/ "t1 :i* are too new to h acquir$ a reputation4 ,!re is no?+ 9 su* cases to prev5t ! read] =m+ a l[ op9ion ( ! au?or & ! m]its ( 8 book1 if 8 m9d be indispos$ to d ju/ice to ! s5tim5ts & imag]y conta9$ 9 ! "w4 ,nor w\ld x be easy to induce him to alt] 8 judgm5t by subsequ5t /udy ( ! same book "u bett] auspices2 = probably ! disgu/ inspir$ by 8 fir/ read+ w det] him f a second2 & 9 any case ! /r5g? ( fir/ impressions w be almo/ inv9cible4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! m9d is sometimes1 = "o reason or ano!r1 9 su* a /ate ( s5sibility1 vivacity1 vig\r1 & f]v\r1 t x foll[s ev5 ! lea/ sugge/ion ( ! read+2 x feels ke5ly ! slighte/ t\*1 & z x reads is able to create )9 itself a ?\s& emotions & fancies1 sometimes los+ itself 9 a sort ( sweet delirium1 :5 x is almo/ transport$ out ( itself4 ,z a natural result ( ?is1 ! m9d1 review+ ! pleasures enjoy$ 9 ! read+1 & n di/+ui%+ betwe5 its own pr$isposition & ! actual m]its ( ! book1 exp]i5ces a feel+ ( s great admiration1 & =ms s high a conception ( x1 z ev5 to rank ! book above o!rs ( mu* great] m]it1 read "u less felicit\s circum/ances4 ,see !re=e to :at unc]ta9ty is subject ev5 ! tru? & ju/ice ( op9ions f ! same p]sons1 z to ! writ+s & g5ius ( o!rs1 q ap>t f any s5tim5t ( malice or fav\r4 ,s great is ?is unc]ta9ty t a man v>ies consid]ably 9 8 e/imation ( works ( equal value1 & ev5 ! same "w1 at diff]5t times ( life1 "u diff]5t circum/ances1 & ev5 at diff]5t h\rs ( ! day4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,p]haps y may ?9k t ^! difficulties1 due to m5tal indisposition on ! "p ( read]s1 are ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,consid]1 !n1 h[ frequ5tly a man1 z he gr[s old1 becomes incapable ( appreciat+ ! *>ms ( eloqu5ce & poetry1 no less ?an ^? ( ! o!r imitative arts1 & ev]y?+ beautiful 9 ! _w4 ,?is intellectual decay is a necessity ( our nature4 ,9 ! pres5t day x is s mu* great] ?an =m]ly1 beg9s s mu* e>li]1 & progresses s mu* m rapidly1 especially 9 ! /udi\s1 z our exp]i5ce is enl>g$ 9 m or less degree by ! k begott5 ( ! speculations ( s _m pa/ c5turies4 ,= :i* reason1 & ow+ to ! pres5t condition ( civilis$ life1 ! phantoms ( *ildhood soon vani% f ! imag9ation ( m52 ) !m g ! hopes ( ! m9d1 & ) ! hopes mo/ ( ! desires1 passions1 & en]gy ( life & its faculties4 ,:5ce ,i (t5 wond] t m5 ( mature age1 especially ! le>n$ & ^? incl9$ to m$itate ab\t human affairs1 %\ld yet be subject to ! influ5ce ( poetry & eloqu5ce1 :i* are1 h[ev]1 unable to produce any real effect on !m4 ,x may be reg>d$ z a fact t1 9 ord] to be greatly mov$ by imag9ation ( ! gr& & beautiful1 "o mu/ believe t !re is some?+ really gr& & beautiful 9 human life1 & t poetry is n m]e fable4 ,! "y always believe su* ?+s1 ev5 :5 !y "k _! fallacy1 until p]sonal exp]i5ce =ces !m to accept ! tru?4 ,b x is difficult to put fai? 9 !m aft] ! sad discipl9e ( practical life2 especially :5 exp]i5ce is comb9$ ) habits ( /udy & speculation4 ,f ?is x w\ld seem t ! "y are g5]ally bett] judges ( writ+s int5d$ to ar\se ! affections & ! imag9ation1 ?an m5 ( mature & advanc$ age4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! "y are novices 9 lit]ature4 ,!y exact f books a sup]human1 b\ndless1 & impossible pleasure1 & :]e !y fail to exp]i5ce ?is !y despise ! writ]4 ,illit]ate p h ! same idea ( ! functions ( lit]ature4 ,& y\?s addict$ to read+ pref]1 bo? 9 _! own writ+s & ^? ( o!rs1 extravagance to mod]ation1 magnific5ce or attractiv5ess ( /yle & ornam5tation1 to ! simple & natural1 & %am beauties to real ones4 ,?is is p>tly due to _! limit$ exp]i5ce1 & p>tly to ! impetuosity ( _! "t ( life4 ,consequ5tly1 al?\gh ! "y are d\btless m incl9$ ?an _! eld]s to applaud :at seems good to !m1 s9ce !y are m tru?ful & c&id1 !y are seldom capable ( appreciat+ ! excell5ces ( lit]>y works4 ,z we gr[ old]1 ! influ5ce ex]cis$ ov] u by art increases1 z t ( nature dim9i%es4 ,nev]!less bo? nature & art are necess>y to produce effect4 ,dwell]s 9 l>ge t[ns are compell$ to sacrifice ! beautiful to ! useful4 ,ev5 ?\gh ( w>m & s5sitive natures & lively imag9ation1 !y _c exp]i5ce z an effect ( ! *>ms ei!r ( nature or lit]ature any t5d] or noble s5tim5t1 any sublime or delightful fancy2 unless inde$1 l y1 !y sp5d mo/ ( _! "t 9 solitude4 ,= few ?+s are s oppos$ to ! /ate ( m9d necess>y to appreciate su* delights1 z ! conv]sation ( ^! m51 ! riot ( ^! places1 & ! sight ( ! t9sell$ spl5d\r1 ! fals5ess1 ! mis]able tr\bles1 & /ill m mis]able idl5ess :i* ab\nd !re4 ,i also ?9k t ! littrateurs ( l>ge t[ns are1 z a rule1 less qualifi$ to judge books ?an ^? ( small t[ns2 because1 l ev]y?+ else1 ! lit]ature ( l>ge t[ns is ord9>ily false & pret5ti\s1 or sup]ficial4 ,& :]eas ! anci5ts us$ to reg>d lit]ature & ! sci5ces z a pleas+ *ange f m s]i\s bus9ess1 9 ! pres5t day ! majority ( m5 :o 9 l>ge t[ns pr(ess to be /ud5ts reg>d lit]ature & writ+ z m]ely an agreeable v>iation ( _! o!r amusem5ts4 ,i ?9k t works ( art1 :e!r pa9t+1 sculpture1 or ar*itecture1 w\ld be mu* m appreciat$ if !y 7 dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t a c\ntry 9 diff]5t-siz$ t[ns1 in/ead ( be+1 z at pres5t1 accumulat$ 9 ! *ief cities4 ,= 9 ! latt] places m5 are s full ( ?\ghts1 s occupi$ ) pleasurable pursuits & va9 & frivol\s excitem5ts1 t !y are v r>ely capable ( ! pr(\nd pleasures ( ! intellect4 ,besides1 a multitude ( f9e ?+s ga!r$ toge!r h a di/ract+ influ5ce2 ! m9d be/[s b little att5tion on individual ?+s1 & is s5sible ( no especial gratification2 or else x becomes satiat$1 & reg>ds !m all z indiff]5tly z ?\gh !y 7 objects ( ! commone/ k9d4 ,i say ! same ( music1 :i* is n[h]e s elaborate1 or br\ght to su* p]fection1 z 9 l>ge t[ns1 :]e m5 h less appreciation = ! wond]ful emotions ( ! art1 & are inde$ less musical ?an else:]e4 ,nev]!less1 l>ge t[ns are a useful home = ! fo/]+ & p]fect+ ( ! arts2 al?\gh _! inhabitants are less "u ! influ5ce ( _! *>ms ?an ! p ( o!r places4 ,x may be said t arti/s1 :o "w 9 solitude & sil5ce1 /rive labori\sly & indu/ri\sly to please m51 :o1 because accu/om$ to ! bu/le & noise ( cities1 are almo/ totally incapable ( appreciat+ ! fruit ( _! ex]tions4 ,! fate ( writ]s may 9 a measure be comp>$ to t ( arti/s4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,we w n[ return to ! consid]ation ( au?ors4 ,x is a *>act]i/ic ( writ+s approa*+ p]fection t !y usually please m :5 read a second "t1 ?an !y pleas$ at fir/4 ,! contr>y effect is produc$ by _m books writt5 c>efully & skilfully1 b :i* really possess few m]its4 ,^! :5 read a second "t are less e/eem$ ?an at fir/4 ,b bo? k9ds ( books1 :5 read only once1 (t5 deceive ev5 ! le>n$ & exp]i5c$1 s t indiff]5t books are pref]r$ to excell5t ones4 ,9 ! pres5t day1 h[ev]1 ev5 /ud5ts by pr(ession c r>ely be induc$ to read new books a second "t1 especially su* z come "u ! head+ ( light lit]ature4 ,?is 0 n s 9 old5 times1 because !n b few books 7 9 exi/5ce4 ,n[1 x is v diff]5t4 ,we possess ! lit]>y beque/s ( all pa/ times4 ,e nation has its lit]ature1 & produces its ho/ ( books daily4 ,!re are writ+s 9 all languages1 anci5t & mod]n1 relat+ to e bran* ( sci5ce & le>n+1 & s closely connect$ & alli$ t ! /ud5t mu/ /udy !m all z f> z possible4 ,y may !re=e easily imag9e t a book does n obta9 full consid]ation on a fir/ read+1 & t a second read+ is out ( ! "q4 ,yet ! fir/ op9ion t we =m ( a new book is seldom *ang$4 ,= ! same reasons1 ev5 9 ! fir/ read+ ( books1 especially ^? ( light lit]ature1 v r>ely suffici5t att5tion & /udy is giv5 to discov] ! labori\s p]fection1 ! subtle art1 & ! hidd5 & unpret5ti\s virtues ( ! writ+s4 ,?us1 9 ! pres5t day ! condition ( excell5t books is really worse ?an t ( indiff]5t ones4 ,= ! *>ms & qualifications ( mo/ ( ! latt]1 :e!r true or false1 are s expos$ to ! eye1 t1 h[ev] trivial !y may be1 !y are easily disc]nible at fir/ sight4 ,we may !re=e say ) tru?1 t ! ex]tion necess>y to produce p]fect writ+ is almo/ useless = fame4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 books compos$1 l mo/ mod]n ones1 rapidly & )\t any great degree ( excell5ce1 ?\gh p]haps celebrat$ = a "t1 _c fail to be soon =gott54 ,& _m works ( recognis$ value are also lo/ 9 ! imm5se /ream ( new books :i* p\rs =? daily1 be=e !y h _h "t to e/abli% _! celebrity4 ,!y p]i% = no intr9sic fault ( _! own1 & give place to o!r books1 good & bad1 :i* ea* 9 turn live _! %ort spell ( life4 ,s t :]eas ! anci5ts c\ld acquire glory 9 a ?\s& ways1 we c only atta9 x by "o s+le av5ue1 aft] mu* m ex]tion ?an =m]ly4 ,! books ( ! anci5ts alone survive ?is univ]sal %ipwreck ( all lat] writ+s4 ,_! fame is e/abli%$ & confirm$2 !y are dilig5tly & repeat$ly read1 & are made ! subject ( c>eful /udy4 ,& x is notewor?y t a mod]n book1 if intr9sically equal to any ( ! anci5t writ+s1 w\ld r>ely1 if ev]1 give its read]s z mu* pleasure z ! anci5t "w4 ,?is = two reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x w\ld n be read ) ! c>e & att5tion t we be/[ on celebrat$ writ+s2 v few p w\ld read x twice2 & no "o w\ld /udy x 7= none b sci5tific books are /udi$ until made v5]able by age74 ,9 ! second place1 ! _w-wide & p]man5t reputation ( writ+s1 :e!r or n due to _! int]nal excell5ce1 adds to _! value1 & proportionately increases ! pleasure !y give2 (t51 inde$1 mo/ ( ! *>m ( su* lit]ature is simply due to its celebrity4 ,?is rem9ds me ( "s rem>kable words ( ,montesquieu ab\t ! orig9 ( human pleasures4 ,he says3 ',! m9d (t5 creates )9 itself _m s\rces ( pleasure1 :i* are intimately dep5d5t on ea* o!r4 ,?us1 a ?+ t has once pleas$ u1 pleases u aga9 simply because x did s be=e2 we c\ple toge!r imag9ation ( ! pres5t & remembrance ( ! pa/4 ,= example1 an actress :o pleas$ u on ! /age1 w probably please u 9 private life3 h] voice2 h] mann]2 ! recollection ( ! applause %e excit$2 p]haps1 too1 h] rle ( pr9cess jo9$ to h] real "*1--all comb9e & =m a mixture ( influ5ces produc+ a g5]al feel+ ( pleasure4 ,our m9ds are always full ( ideas subord9ate to "o or m prim>y ideas4 ,a woman fam\s = "o cause or ano!r1 & possess$ ( "s slight inh]5t defect1 is (t5 able to attract by means ( ?is v defect4 ,& wom5 are ord9>ily lov$ less because !y inspire affection ?an because !y are well born1 ri*1 or highly e/eem$ by o!rs4'#a4444 ,(t5 inde$ a woman's reputation = beauty & grace1 :e!r well or ill f\nd$1 or ev5 ! m]e fact t o!rs h be5 "u ! influ5ce ( h] *>ms1 suffices to inspire a man ) affection = h]4 ,& :o does n "k t mo/ pleasures are due to ! imag9ation r ?an to ! inh]5t qualities ( ! ?+s t please u8 ,^! rem>ks ref] to writ+s no less ?an to all o!r ?+s4 ,inde$ ,i w v5ture to say t 7 a poem to be publi%$ equal or sup]ior to ! ,iliad1 & c>efully read by an excell5t judge ( poetry1 x w\ld give less satisfaction & appe> less *>m+ ?an ! ,greek ma/]piece1 mu* less w\ld its fame be comp>able ) t ( ! ,iliad2 = its real m]its w\ld n be aid$ by tw5ty-sev5 c5turies ( admiration1 nor ! ?\s& rem9isc5ces & o!r associations t connect !mselves ) ,hom]'s poem4 ,simil>ly ,i affirm t if any "o 7 to read c>efully ei!r ! ',j]usalem' or ! ',furioso1' )\t kn[+ any?+ ( _! celebrity1 he w\ld be mu* less pleas$ ?an o!rs :o 7 aw>e ( _! fame4 ,9 %ort1 x may be accept$ z a g5]al rule t ! fir/ read]s ( e rem>kable "w :i* 9 aft] ages becomes fam\s1 & ! contempor>ies ( ! writ]1 d]ive less enjoym5t f su* read+ ?an all o!r p4 ,?is fact _c b be v disadvantage\s to ! int]e/ ( writ]s4 ,footnote #a3 ,ex3 ,fragm5t ,sur le gt1 c4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,su* are a few ( ! ob/acles t may prev5t y f acquir+ glory f ! /udi\s1 or ev5 f ^? :o excel 9 k & ! art ( writ+4 ,n[ !re are _m p :o1 ?\gh educat$ suffici5tly = ! purposes ( daily life1 are nei!r writ]s nor /ud5ts to any v great ext5t4 ,!y read simply = amusem5t1 &1 z y "k1 are only capable ( appreciat+ c]ta9 qualities 9 lit]ature4 ,! *ief reason ( ?is has be5 already p>tly expla9$4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r cause4 ,x is t !y only seek mom5t>y pleasure 9 :at !y read4 ,b ! pres5t 9 itself is trivial & joyless to all m54 ,ev5 ! sweete/ ?+s1 z says ,hom]1 ',love1 sleep1 song1 & ! dance1' soon we>y u1 if to ! pres5t !re be n jo9$ ! hope ( "s pleasure or future satisfaction1 dep5d5t on !m4 ,= x is contr>y to human nature to be greatly pleas$ ) t ( :i* hope does n =m a con/itu5t "p4 ,& s great is ! p[] ( hope t x enliv5s & sweet5s _m ex]tions1 pa9ful & labori\s 9 !mselves2 :]eas1 on ! o!r h&1 ?+s innately *>m+1 :5 unaccompani$ by hope1 are sc>ce suffici5tly attractive to be welcom$4 ,we see /udi\s p nev] tir$ ( read+1 (t5 ev5 ( ! drie/ k9d2 & !y exp]i5ce a con/ant delight 9 _! /udies1 c>ri$ on p]haps ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! day4 ,! reason ( ?is is t !y h ! future ev] be=e _! eyes2 !y hope 9 "s way1 & at "s "t1 to reap ! b5efit ( _! lab\rs4 ,su* p always h _! int]e/s at he>t4 ,!y d n take up a book1 ei!r to pass "t or = amusem5t1 )\t also di/ill+ f x m or less def9ite in/ruction4 ,o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 :o seek to le>n no?+ f books1 are satisfi$ :5 !y h read _! fir/ few pages1 or ^? t h ! mo/ attractive appe>ance4 ,!y w&] we>ily f book to book1 & m>vel to !mselves h[ any "o c f9d prolong$ pleasure 9 prolong$ read+4 ,x is cle> t any skill or indu/ry display$ by ! writ] is almo/ entirely wa/$ on su* p1 :o nev]!less compose ! mass ( read]s4 ,& ev5 m5 ( /udi\s incl9ations1 hav+ lat] 9 life *ang$ ! nature ( _! /udies1 almo/ feel a repugnance = books :i* w\ld =m]ly h giv5 !m int5se delight2 & ?\gh /ill able to disc]n _! value1 are we>i$ r ?an pleas$ by _! m]its1 because in/ruction is n at all :at !y desire4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,hi!rto we h consid]$ writ+s 9 g5]al1 & c]ta9 ?+s relat+ to light lit]ature 9 p>ticul>1 t[>ds :i* ,i see y are m especially attract$4 ,let u n[ turn to philosophy1 ?\gh x mu/ n be suppos$ t ?is sci5ce is sep>able f ! /udy ( lett]s4 ,p]haps y w ?9k t because philosophy is d]iv$ f reason1 :i* among civilis$ p is usually a /rong] p[] ?an ! imag9ation or ! affections1 ! value ( philosophical works ought to be m univ]sally recognis$ ?an t ( poems1 & o!r writ+s :i* treat ( ! pleasurable & ! beautiful4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 my op9ion t poetry is bett] und]/ood & appreciat$ ?an philosophy4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is c]ta9 t a subtle intellig5ce & great p[] ( reason+ are n suffici5t to ensure mu* progress 9 philosophy4 ,consid]able imag9ative p[] is also requisite4 ,inde$1 judg$ f ! nature ( _! intellects1 ,desc>tes1 ,galileo1 ,leibnitz1 ,newton1 & ,vico w\ld h made excell5t poets2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ,hom]1 ,dante1 & ,%akespe>e might h be5 great philosoph]s4 ,?is subject w\ld require mu* elaboration2 ,i w !re=e m]ely affirm t none b philosoph]s c p]fectly appreciate ! value & realise ! *>m ( philosophical books4 ,( c\rse1 ,i ref] to _! sub/ance1 & n to :atev] sup]ficial m]it !y may h1 :e!r ( language1 /yle1 or any?+ else4 ,&1 j z m5 are by nature unpoetical1 & consequ5tly r>ely cat* ! _s ( a poem or disc]n its imag]y1 al?\gh !y may foll[ ! mean+ ( its words2 simil>ly1 p unaccu/om$ to m$itate & philosophise )9 !mselves1 or :o are incapable ( deep su/a9$ ?\ght1 _c compreh5d ! tru?s t a philosoph] exp\nds1 h[ev] cle> & logical 8 d$uctions1 argum5ts1 & conclusions may be1 al?\gh !y und]/& ! words t he uses & _! signification4 ,because1 be+ unable or unus$ to analyse ! ess5ce ( ?+s by means ( ?\ght1 or to sep>ate _! own ideas into divisions1 or to jo9 & b9d toge!r a numb] ( ^! ideas1 or simultane\sly to grasp ) ! m9d _m p>ticul>s s z to d$uce a s+le g5]al rule f !m1 or to foll[ unwe>i$ly ) ! m9d's eye a long s]ies ( tru?s mutually connect$1 or to discov] ! subtle & hidd5 connection betwe5 ea* tru? & a hundr$ o!rs2 !y c ) difficulty1 if at all1 grasp & foll[ 8 work+1 or exp]i5ce ! impressions prov$ by ! philosoph]4 ,!re=e1 !y c nei!r und]/& nor e/imate rightly all ! influ5ces t l$ him to ?is or t op9ion1 & made him affirm or d5y ?is or t ?+1 & d\bt su* & su* ano!r4 ,possibly !y may und]/& 8 ideas1 b !y nei!r recognise _! tru? nor probability2 because !y are unable to te/ ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,!y are l ^? cold & passionless m5 :o are incapable ( appreciat+ ! fancies & imag]y ( ! poets4 ,& y "k x is common to ! poet & ! philosoph] to p5etrate into ! dep?s ( ! m9ds ( m51 & !nce to br+ into light all _! hidd5 emotions1 pr(undities1 & secret work+1 ) _! respective causes & effects2 ?us1 m5 :o are incapable ( sympa?y ) ! poet & 8 ?\ghts1 are also incapable ( ent]+ into ! ?\ghts ( ! philosoph]4 ,?is is :y we see daily _m m]itori\s works1 cle> & intelligible to all1 int]pret$ by "s p z conta9+ a ?\s& und\bt$ tru?s1 &1 by o!rs1 a ?\s& pat5t errors4 ,!y are attack$ 9 public & private1 n only f motives ( malice1 int]e/1 & o!r simil> causes1 b also because ( ! incapacity ( ! read]s1 & _! inability to compreh5d ! c]ta9ty ( ! pr9ciples1 ! correctness ( ! d$uctions & conclusions1 & ! g5]al fitness1 suffici5cy1 & tru? ( ! reason+ put =w>d4 ,x (t5 happ5s t philosophical writ+s ( ! mo/ sublime nature are accus$ ( obscurity1 n necess>ily because !y are obscure1 b ei!r because _! ve9 ( ?\ght is ( too pr(\nd or novel a nature to be easily intelligible1 or because ! read] himself is too d5se to be a compet5t judge ( su* works4 ,?9k1 !n1 h[ difficult x mu/ be to ga9 praise = philosophical writ+s1 h[ev] m]itori\s !y may be4 ,= !re c be no d\bt t ! numb] ( really pr(\nd philosoph]s1 :o alone c appreciate "o ano!r1 is 9 ! pres5t day v small1 al?\gh philosophy is m cultivat$ ?an 9 pa/ times4 ,i w n ref] to ! v>i\s sects into :i* ^? :o pr(ess philosophy are divid$4 ,ea* sect ord9>ily refuses to all[ t !re is aught e/imable 9 ! o!rs2 ?is is n only f unwill+ness1 b also because x occupies itself ) diff]5t pr9ciples ( philosophy4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,if1 z ! result ( y\r le>n+ & m$itation1 y *anc$ to discov] "s important tru?1 n only =m]ly unkn[n1 b q unlook$ =1 & ev5 antagoni/ic to ! op9ions ( ! day1 y mu/ n anticipate 9 y\r lifetime any peculi> comm5dation = ?is discov]y4 ,y w ga9 no e/eem1 ev5 f ! wise 7except p]haps f a v few71 until by frequ5t & v>i$ reit]ation ( ^! tru?s ! e>s ( m5 h become accu/om$ to _! s\nd2 !n only1 aft] a long "t1 ! intellect beg9s to receive !m4 ,= no tru? contr>y to curr5t op9ion1 ev5 ?\gh demon/rable ) almo/ geometrical c]titude1 c ev]1 unless capable ( mat]ial pro(1 be sudd5ly e/abli%$4 ,"t1 cu/om1 & example alone are able to give x a solid f\ndation4 ,m5 accu/om !mselves to belief1 z to ev]y?+ else2 inde$ !y g5]ally believe f habit1 & n f any s5tim5t ( conviction )9 _! m9ds4 ,at l5g? x happ5s t ! once-que/ion$ tru? is taught to *ildr51 & is univ]sally accept$4 ,p are !n a/oni%$ t x 0 ev] unkn[n to !m1 & !y ridicule _! ance/ors & contempor>ies = ! ignorance & ob/9acy !y manife/$ 9 oppos+ x4 ,! great] & m important ! new tru?s1 s mu* ! great] w be ! difficulty ( procur+ acceptance = !m2 s9ce !y w ov]?r[ a proportionately l>ge numb] ( op9ions hi!rto root$ 9 ! m9ds ( m54 ,= ev5 acute & practis$ intellects d n easily ent] into ! _s ( reason+s :i* demon/rate new tru?s t exce$ ! limits ( _! own k2 especially :5 ^! are oppos$ to beliefs long e/abli%$ )9 !m4 ,desc>tes1 9 8 geometrical discov]ies1 0 und]/ood by b v few ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,x 0 ! same ) ,newton4 ,inde$1 ! condition ( m5 pre-em95t 9 k is some:at simil> to t ( lit]>y m51 & 'savants' :o live 9 places innoc5t ( le>n+4 ,! latt] are n des]v$ly e/eem$ by _! neighb\rs2 ! =m] fail to be duly appreciat$ by _! contempor>ies4 ,bo? are (t5 despis$ = _! diff]5ce 9 mann] ( life & op9ions f o!r m51 :o nei!r d ju/ice to _! ability nor to ! writ+s !y put =? 9 pro( ( x4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! human race makes cont9ual progress 9 k4 ,z a body1 its m>* is sl[ & measur$2 b x includes c]ta9 great & rem>kable m9ds :i*1 hav+ devot$ !mselves to speculation ab\t ! s5sible or intelligible ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 & ! pursuit ( tru?s1 travel1 nay sometimes fla%1 to _! conclusions 9 an immeasurably %ort space ( "t4 ,& ! rapid progress ( ^! intellects /imulates o!r m51 :o ha/5 _! foot-/eps s z to rea*1 lat] on1 ! place :]e ^! sup]ior be+s re/$4 ,b n until ! lapse ( a c5tury or m d !y atta9 to ! k possess$ by an extraord9>y intellect ( ?is k9d4 ,x is ord9>ily believ$ t human k owes mo/ ( its progress to ^! supreme intellects1 :i* arise f "t to "t1 l miracles ( nature4#a ,i1 on ! contr>y1 ?9k t x owes m to m5 ( common p[]s ?an to ^? :o are exceptionally end[$4 ,suppose a case1 9 :i* "o ( ! latt]1 hav+ rivall$ 8 contempor>ies 9 k1 advances indep5d5tly1 & takes a lead (1 say t5 paces4 ,mo/ o!r m51 f> f feel+ dispos$ to foll[ him1 reg>d 8 progress 9 sil5ce1 or else ridicule x4 ,mean:ile1 a numb] ( mod]ately clev] m51 p>tly aid$ p]haps by ! ideas & discov]ies ( ! g5ius1 b pr9cipally ?r\gh _! own endeav\rs1 conjo9tly advance "o /ep4 ,! masses unhesitat+ly foll[ !m1 be+ attract$ by ! n inord9ate novelty1 & also by ! numb] ( ^? :o are its au?ors4 ,9 process ( "t1 ?anks to ! ex]tions ( ^! m51 ! t5? /ep is accompli%$2 & ?us ! op9ions ( ! g5ius are univ]sally receiv$ ?r\gh\t ! civilis$ _w4 ,b _! orig9ator1 dead long ago1 only acquires a late & unseasonable reputation4 ,?is is due p>tly to ! fact t he is =gott51 or to ! l[ e/eem 9 :i* he 0 held :5 liv+2 add$ to :i* m5 are consci\s t !y d n owe _! k to him1 & t !y are already 8 equals 9 erudition1 & w soon surpass him1 if !y h n done s already4 ,!y are also 8 sup]iors1 9 t "t has enabl$ !m to demon/rate & affirm tru?s t he only imag9$1 to prove 8 conjectures1 & give bett] =m & ord] to 8 inv5tions1 almo/1 z x 71 matur+ !m4 ,p]*ance1 aft] a "t1 "s /ud5t engag$ 9 hi/orical rese>* may ju/ly appraise ! influ5ce ( ?is g5ius1 & may ann\nce him to 8 c\ntrym5 ) great clat2 b ! fame t may ensue f ?is w soon give way to r5ew$ oblivion4 ,! progress ( human k1 l a fall+ weight1 increases mom5t>ily 9 its spe$2 none ! less v r>ely m5 ( a g5]ation *ange _! beliefs or recognise _! errors1 s z to believe at "o "t ! opposite ( :at !y previ\sly believ$4 ,ea* g5]ation prep>es ! way = its successor to "k & believe _m ?+s contr>y to its own k & belief4 ,b mo/ m5 are z little consci\s ( ! increas+ developm5t ( _! k1 & ! inevitable mutation ( _! beliefs1 z !y are s5sible ( ! p]petual motion ( ! e>?4 ,& a man nev] alt]s 8 op9ions s z to be consci\s ( ! alt]ation4 ,b 7 he sudd5ly to embrace an op9ion totally discordant ) 8 old beliefs1 he c\ld n fail to p]ceive ! *ange4 ,x may !re=e be said1 t ord9>ily no tru?s1 except su* z are det]m9able by ! s5ses1 w be believ$ by ! contempor>ies ( _! discov]]4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is 9 ! ord] ( ,provid5ce t ! inv5tive1 g5]ative1 con/itutive m9d %\ld come fir/2 & !n t ! pati5t & collective m9d %\ld foll[1 & elaborate ! pregnant qu]ies & illum9+ guesses ( ! =m]1--,s4 ,t4 ,col]idge1 ,table ,talk1 ,oct4 #h1 #ahcj4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,n[ let u suppose t e difficulty be ov]come1 & t aid$ by =tune y h actually 9 y\r lifetime acquir$ n only celebrity1 b glory4 ,:at w be ! fruit ( ?is8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 m5 w wi% to see y1 & make y\r acqua9tance2 !y w indicate y z a di/+ui%$ man1 & w hon\r y 9 e possible way4 ,su* are ! be/ results ( lit]>y glory4 ,x w\ld seem m natural to look = su* demon/rations 9 small ?an 9 l>ge t[ns2 = ^! latt] are subject to ! di/ract+ influ5ce ( weal? & p[]1 & all ! arts :i* s]ve to amuse & enliv5 ! inactive h\rs ( m5's lives4 ,b because small t[ns are ord9>ily want+ 9 ?+s necess>y to /imulate lit]>y excell5ce1 !y are r>ely ! abode ( m5 devot$ to lit]ature & /udy4 ,! p ( su* places e/eem le>n+ & wisdom1 & ev5 ! fame m5 seek by ^! means1 at a v l[ value2 nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r are objects ( envy to !m4 ,& if a man :o is a di/+ui%$ s*ol> take up 8 resid5ce 9 a small t[n1 8 notability is ( no advantage to him4 ,r ! contr>y4 ,= ?\gh 8 fame w\ld secure him high hon\r 9 t[ns n f> di/ant1 he is !re reg>d$ z ! mo/ =lorn & obscure individual 9 ! place4 ,j z a man :o possess$ no?+ b an abundance ( silv] & gold w\ld be ev5 poor] ?an o!r m5 9 a place :]e ^! metals 7 valueless2 simil>ly a wise & /udi\s man :o makes 8 abode 9 a place :]e le>n+ & g5ius are unkn[n1 f> f be+ consid]$ sup]ior to o!r m51 w be despis$ & scornfully treat$ unless he happ5 to h "s m mat]ial possessions4 ,yet su* a man is (t5 giv5 cr$it = possess+ mu* great] k ?an he really has1 ?\gh ?is reputation does n procure him any especial hon\r f ^! p4 ,:5 ,i 0 a "y man1 ,i us$ occasionally to return to ,bosisio1 my native place4 ,e "o !re knew t ,i sp5t my "t 9 /udy & writ+4 ,! peasants gave me cr$it = be+ poet1 philosoph]1 doctor1 ma!matician1 lawy]1 !ologian1 & suffici5tly a l+ui/ to "k all ! languages 9 ! _w4 ,!y us$ to "q me indiscrim9ately on any subject1 or ab\t any trifle t *anc$ to ent] _! m9ds4 ,yet !y did n hold me 9 mu* e/eem1 & ?\ght me less in/ruct$ ?an ! le>n$ p ( all o!r places4 ,b :5ev] ,i gave !m reason to ?9k my le>n+ 0 n z ext5sive z !y suppos$1 ,i fell va/ly 9 _! e/imation1 & 9 ! end !y us$ to p]suade !mselves t aft] all my k 0 no great] ?an !irs4 ,we h already notic$ ! difficulties to be ov]come 9 l>ge t[ns be=e glory c be acquir$1 or ! fruit ( x enjoy$4 ,i w n[ add t al?\gh no fame is m difficult to m]it ?an t ( be+ an excell5t poet1 writ]1 or philosoph]1 no?+ is less lucrative to ! possessor4 ,y "k t ! mis]y & pov]ty ( ! greate/ poets1 bo? 9 anci5t & mod]n times1 is prov]bial4 ,hom]1 l 8 poetry1 is involv$ 9 my/]y2 8 c\ntry1 life1 & hi/ory are an imp5etrable secret to m54 ,b1 amid ?is unc]ta9ty & ignorance1 !re is an un%ak5 tradition t ,hom] 0 poor & unhappy4 ,x is z if "t wi%$ to be> witness t ! fate ( o!r noble poets 0 %>$ by ! pr9ce ( poetry4 ,b1 pass+ ov] ! o!r b5efits ( glory1 we w simply consid] :at is call$ hon\r4 ,no "p ( fame is usually less hon\rable & m useless ?an ?is4 ,x may be t s _m p obta9 x undes]v$ly1 or ev5 because ( ! extreme difficulty ( m]it+ x at all2 c]ta9 x is t su* reputation is sc>ce e/eem$1 if reg>d$ z tru/wor?y4 ,or p]haps x is due to ! fact t mo/ clev] half-cultur$ m5 imag9e !y ei!r are1 or c\ld easily become1 z pr(ici5t 9 lit]ature & philosophy z ^? :o are successful 9 ^! /udies1 & :om !y accord+ly treat z on an intellectual equality4 ,possibly bo? causes comb9e 9 _! influ5ce4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t ! man :o is an ord9>y ma!matician1 natural philosoph]1 philologi/1 antiqu>y1 arti/1 sculptor1 musician1 or :o has only a mod]ate acqua9tance ) a s+le anci5t or =eign language1 is usually m respect$1 ev5 9 l>ge t[ns1 ?an a really rem>kable philosoph]1 poet1 or writ]4 ,consequ5tly1 poetry & philosophy1 ! noble/1 gr&e/1 & mo/ ardu\s ( ?+s p]ta9+ to humanity1 & ! supreme ef=ts ( art & sci5ce1 are 9 ! pres5t day ! mo/ neglect$ faculties 9 ! _w1 ev5 9 _! pr(ess$ foll[]s4 ,manual arts rank high] ?an ^! noble ?+s2 = no "o w\ld pret5d to a k ( !m unless he really possess$ x1 nor c\ld ?is k be acquir$ )\t /udy & ex]tion4 ,9 %ort1 ! poet & ! philosoph] d]ive no b5efit 9 life f _! g5ius & /udies1 except p]haps ! glory r5d]$ to !m by a v few p4 ,poetry & philosophy resemble ea* o!r 9 t !y are bo? z unproductive & b>r5 ( e/eem & hon\r1 z ( all o!r advantages4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,f m5 y w sc>cely d]ive any advantage :atev] f y\r glory4 ,y w !re=e look )9 y = consolation1 & 9 y\r solitude w n]ve y\rself = fre% ex]tions1 & lay ! f\ndation ( new hopes4 ,= l all o!r human b5efits1 lit]>y glory is m pleas+ 9 anticipation ?an 9 reality1 if inde$ x c ev] be said to be realis$4 ,y w !re=e at l5g? console y\rself ) ! ?\ght ( t la/ hope & refuge ( noble m9ds1 po/]ity4 ,ev5 ,cic]o1 ri*ly r5[n$ z he 0 9 life1 turn$ 8 m9d ye>n+ly t[>ds ! future1 9 say+3 ',?9ke/ ?\ ,i %\ld h und]tak5 s _m lab\rs1 dur+ day & night1 9 peace & w>1 _h ,i imag9$ my glory 0 limit$ to ?is life8 ,f> bett] 7 a life ( idl5ess & peace1 devoid ( c>es & fatigue4 ,no4 ,my s\l1 9 "s inexplicable way1 us$ ev] to fix its hopes on po/]ity1 & look$ = ! dawn ( its true life f ! h\r ( dea?4'#a ,cic]o "h ref]s to ! idea ( immortality innate 9 ! m9ds ( m54 ,b ! true explanation lies 9 ! fact t all e>?ly b5efits are no soon] acquir$ ?an _! insignificance becomes app>5t2 !y are unwor?y ( ! fatigues !y h co/4 ,glory is1 above all1 an example ( ?is2 x is a de> pur*ase1 & ( little use to ! pur*as]4 ,b1 z ,simonides says1 ,i ,sweet hope *e]s u ) its phantom beauties1 & ) its va9 prospect /imulates u to "w4 ,"s m5 await ! fri5dly dawn1 o!rs ! advance ( age1 & o!rs m auspici\s seasons4 ,e mortal *]i%es )9 him hopes ( com+ good f ,pluto & ! o!r gods1' ,?us1 z we exp]i5ce ! vanity ( glory1 hope1 driv5 & hunt$ f place to place1 f9d+ at l5g? no spot 9 ! :ole ( life :]eon to re/1 passes beyond ! grave & alights on po/]ity4 ,= man ev] turns in/9ctively f ! pres5t to ! future1 ab\t :i* he hopes mu* 9 proportion z he kn[s little4 ,h5ce1 !y :o are desir\s ( glory 9 life1 *iefly n\ri% !mselves on t :i* !y hope to ga9 aft] dea?4 ,= ! lack ( enjoym5t 9 ! pres5t1 man consoles himself ) hopes ( future happ9ess1 z va9 z t ( ! pres5t4 ,footnote #a3 ,de ,s5ectute4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,b :at1 aft] all1 is ?is appeal t we make to po/]ity8 ,! human imag9ation is su* t x =ms a m exalt$ conception ( po/]ity ?an ( ! m5 ( pa/ or pres5t times1 simply because we are totally ignorant ( ! p :o are yet to be4 ,b1 reasonably1 & n imag9atively1 d we really ?9k our successors w be bett] ?an ourselves8 ,i am ( a contr>y op9ion1 & = my "p put fai? 9 ! prov]b t says '! _w gr[s worse z x ages1' ,x 7 bett] = m5 ( g5ius if !y c\ld appeal to _! wise ance/ors1 :o1 accord+ to ,cic]o1 7 n inf]ior 9 po9t ( numb]s1 & f> sup]ior 9 excell5ce to _! successors4 ,b1 ?\gh su* appeal w\ld be sure ( a tru] judgm5t1 x is c]ta9 t ! greate/ m5 ( our day w\ld be held 9 little e/eem by ! anci5ts4 ,x may be all[$ t ! m5 ( ! future1 be+ free f any _s ( rivalry1 envy1 love1 or hatr$1 n inde$ among/ !mselves1 b t[>ds u1 ought to be bett] qualifi$ ?an ourselves to pass imp>tial judgm5t on our writ+s4 ,= o!r reasons1 too1 !y may be bett] judges4 ,po/]ity w p]haps h few] excell5t writ]s1 noble poets1 & subtle philosoph]s4 ,9 :i* case ! few foll[]s ( ^! sublime influ5ces w hon\r u ! m4 ,x is also probable t _! control ov] ! m9ds ( ! p w be /ill less ?an t ex]cis$ by u4 ,aga91 w ! affections1 imag9ation1 & intellect ( m5 be1 z a rule1 m p[]ful ?an !y are at pres5t8 ,if n1 we %all ga9 by ! comp>ison4 ,lit]ature is peculi>ly expos$ to ! influ5ce ( cu/om4 ,9 times ( debas$ lit]ature1 we see h[ firmly ?is or t b>b>ism is reta9$ & upheld1 z ?\gh x alone 7 reasonable & natural4 ,at su* times ! be/ & greate/ writ]s are =gott5 or ridicul$4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! c]ta9ty t po/]ity w always e/eem ! k9d ( writ+ t we praise8 ,besides1 x is a "q :e!r or n we ourselves e/eem :at is really praisewor?y4 ,= m5 h diff]5t op9ions ab\t :at con/itutes good writ+1 & ^! v>y accord+ to ! times1 ! nature ( places & p1 cu/oms1 usages1 & individuals4 ,yet x is to ?is v>iety & v>iability ( influ5ces t ! glory ( writ]s is subject$4 ,philosophy is ev5 m div]se & *angeable ?an o!r sci5ces4#a ,at fir/ sight ! contr>y ( ?is w\ld seem to be true2 = :]eas ! 'belles lettres' are conc]n$ ) ! /udy ( ! beautiful1 :i* is *iefly a matt] ( cu/om & op9ion1 sci5ces seek ! tru?1 :i* is fix$ & un*angeable4 ,b ?is tru? is hid f mortals1 ?\gh1 z c5turies g by1 "s little ( x is reveal$4 ,consequ5tly1 on ! "o h&1 9 _! endeav\rs to discov] x1 & _! conjectures z to its nature1 m5 are l$ to embrace ?is or t resemblance ( tru?2 !reupon op9ions & sects multiply4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 x is due to ! ev]-increas+ numb] ( fre% discov]ies1 & new aspects ( tru? obta9$ daily1 t ev5 ^! divisions become subdivid$2 & op9ions :i* at "o "t 7 reg>d$ almo/ z c]ta9ties *ange %ape & sub/ance mom5t>ily4 ,x is ow+ to ! *angeability ( sci5ces & philosophy t !y are s unproductive ( glory1 ei!r at ! h&s ( contempor>ies or po/]ity4 ,= :5 new discov]ies1 or new ideas & conjectures1 greatly alt] ! condition ( ?is or t sci5ce f its pres5t /ate1 h[ w ! writ+s & ?\ghts ( m5 n[ celebrat$ 9 ^! sci5ces be reg>d$8 ,:o1 = in/ance1 n[ reads ,galileo's works8 ,yet 9 8 "t !y 7 mo/ wond]ful2 nor c\ld bett] & nobl] books1 full ( great] discov]ies & gr&] conceptions1 be !n writt5 on su* subjects4 ,b n[ e tyro 9 physics or ma!matics surpasses ,galileo 9 8 k4 ,aga91 h[ _m p 9 ! pres5t day read ! writ+s ( ,francis ,bacon8 ,:o tr\bles himself ab\t ,malebran*e8 ,& h[ mu* "t w soon be be/[$ on ! works ( ,locke1 if ! sci5ce almo/ f\nd$ by him progresses 9 future z rapidly z x gives promise ( do+8 ,truly ! v intellectual =ce1 indu/ry1 & lab\r1 :i* philosoph]s & sci5ti/s exp5d 9 ! pursuit ( _! glory1 are 9 "t ! cause ( its ext9ction or obscurm5t4 ,= by _! own great ex]tions !y op5 out a pa? = ! /ill fur!r advancem5t ( ! sci5ce1 :i* 9 "t progresses s rapidly t _! writ+s & names fall gradually into oblivion4 ,& x is c]ta9ly difficult = mo/ m5 to e/eem o!rs = a k greatly inf]ior to _! own4 ,:o c d\bt t ! tw5tie? c5tury w discov] error 9 :at ! wise/ ( u reg>d z unque/ionable tru?s1 & w surpass u greatly 9 _! k ( ! tru?8 ,footnote #a3 ,comp>e ! foll[+ f ,h4 ,rog]s' ,essay on ,leibnitz3 ,! condition ( great philosoph]s is f> less enviable ?an t ( great poets4 ,! =m] c nev] possess s l>ge a circle ( read]s "u any circum/ances2 b t numb] is /ill fur!r abridg$ by ! fact t ev5 ! tru?s ! philosoph] has taught or discov]$ =m b /epp+-/ones 9 ! progress ( sci5ce1 & are aft]w>ds dige/$1 sy/ematis$1 & bett] exp\nd$ 9 o!r works compos$ by inf]ior m54 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,f9ally1 y w\ld p]haps l to "k my op9ion1 & decid$ advice to y1 ab\t y\r int5d$ pr(ession4 ,! "q is "o z to ! advisability ( y\r pursu+ or ab&on+ ?is pa? to glory1 a ?+ s poor 9 usefulness1 & s h>d & unc]ta9 bo? to secure & reta91 t x may be comp>$ to a %ad[ :i* y c nei!r feel :5 y hold1 nor yet keep f flee+ away4 ,i w tell y !n briefly my true op9ion4 ,i consid] y\r wond]ful g5ius1 noble disposition1 & prolific imag9ation to be ! mo/ fatal & lam5table qualities di/ribut$ by ,=tune to humanity4 ,b s9ce y possess !m1 y w sc>cely be able to avoid _! h>mful influ5ce4 ,9 ! pres5t day !re is b "o possible b5efit to be ga9$ f su* end[m5ts z y\rs2 viz41 ! glory t sometimes rew>ds indu/ry 9 lit]ature & /udy4 ,y "k ^? mis]able m51 :o hav+ accid5tally lo/ or injur$ a limb1 try to make z mu* pr(it z possible f _! mis=tune1 :i* !y o/5tati\sly display to excite ! pity & consequ5t lib]ality ( pass]s-by4 ,9 ! same way ,i advise y to endeav\r to procure by means ( y\r end[m5ts ! only possible advantage1 trifl+ & unc]ta9 ?\gh x be4 ,su* qualities z y\rs are usually reg>d$ z great natural gifts1 & are (t5 envi$ by ^? :o d n possess !m4 ,b ?is feel+ is oppos$ to common s5se2 z well may ! s\nd man envy ^? wret*$ fell[s _! bodily calamities1 or wi% to mutilate himself 9 ! same way1 = ! sake ( ! mis]able pr(it he might ga94 ,mo/ m5 "w z long z !y c1 & enjoy !mselves z mu* z _! nature w p]mit4 ,b great writ]s are naturally1 & by _! mann] ( life1 incapable ( _m human pleasures3 volunt>ily depriv$ ( _m o!rs2 (t5 despis$ by _! fell[-m51 save p]haps a v few :o pursue ! same /udies2 !y are de/9$ to lead a life l unto dea?1 & to live only beyond ! grave1 if ev5 t be grant$ !m4 ,b ,de/9y mu/ be obey$2 duty comm&s u to foll[ x c\rage\sly & nobly :i!rsoev] x may lead u4 ,su* resignation is especially necess>y = y1 & ^? :o resemble y4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,fr$]ic ,,ruys* ,,& ,,8 ,,mummies4 ,*orus ( ! dead 9 ,ruys*'s laboratory4 ,o ,dea?1 ?\ "o et]nal ?+1 ,t take/ all )9 ?9e arms1 ,9 !e our co>s] nature re/s ,9 peace1 set free f life's al>ms3 ,joyless & pa9less is our /ate4 ,our spirits n[ no m are torn ,by rack+ ?\ght1 or e>?ly fe>s2 ,hope & desire are n[ unkn[n1 ,nor "k we aught ( sorr['s te>s4 ,"t fl[s 9 "o unbrok5 /ream1 ,z void ( ennui z a dream4 ,! tr\bles we on e>? endur$ ,h vani%$2 yet we sometimes see ,_! phantom %apes1 z 9 a mi/ ,( m+l$ ?\ght & memory3 ,!y n[ c vex our s\ls no m4 ,:at is t life we liv$ on e>?8 ,a my/]y n[ x seems to be1 ,pr(\nd z is ! ?\ght ( dea?1 ,to we>]s ( mortality4 ,& z f dea? ! liv+ flee1 ,s f ! vital flame flee we4 ,our portion n[ is peaceful re/1 ,joyless1 pa9less4 ,we are n ble/ ,) happ9ess2 t is =bid ,bo? to ! liv+ & ! dead4 ,ruys* 7outside 8 laboratory1 look+ ?r\gh ! keyhole74 ,diam9e6 ,:o has be5 tea*+ ^! dead folks music1 t !y ?us s+ l cocks1 at midnight8 ,v]ily ,i am 9 a cold sweat1 & ne>ly z dead z !mselves4 ,i little ?\ght :5 ,i pres]v$ !m f decay1 t !y w\ld come to life aga94 ,s x is h[ev]1 & ) all my philosophy ,i tremble f head to foot4 ,x 0 an evil _s t induc$ me to take ^! g5try 94 ,i d n "k :at to d4 ,if ,i leave !m %ut 9 "h1 !y may break op5 ! door1 or pass ?r\gh ! keyhole1 & come to me 9 b$4 ,yet ,i d n l to %[ t ,i am afraid ( ! dead by call+ = help4 ,i w be brave4 ,let u see if ,i _c make !m afraid 9 _! turn4 7,ent]+47--,*ildr51 *ildr51 :at game are y play+ at8 ,d y n rememb] t y are dead8 ,:at does all ?is upro> mean8 ,are y s puff$ up because ( ! ,cz>'s visit1#a t y imag9e y\rselves no long] subject to ! laws ( ,nature8 ,i am presum+ ?is commotion is simply a piece ( pleasantry on y\r "p1 & t !re is no?+ s]i\s ab\t x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y are truly resuscitat$1 ,i congratulate y1 al?\gh ,i mu/ tell y t ,i _c af=d to keep y liv+ z well z dead1 & 9 t case y mu/ leave my h\se at once4 ,or if :at !y say ab\t vampires be true1 & y are "s ( !m1 be good en\gh to seek o!r blood to dr9k1 = ,i am n dispos$ to let y suck m9e1 ) :i* ,i h already lib]ally fill$ y\r ve9s4 ,9 %ort1 if y w cont9ue to be quiet & sil5t z be=e1 we %all get on v well toge!r1 & y %all want = no?+ 9 my h\se4 ,o!rwise1 ,i w>n y t ,i w take hold ( ?is iron b>1 & kill y1 "o & all4 ,a ,mummy4 ,d n put y\rself ab\t4 ,i promise y we w all be dead aga9 )\t y\r kill+ u4 ,ruys*4 ,!n :at is ! mean+ ( ?is s++ freak8 ,mummy4 ,a mom5t ago1 precisely at midnight1 0 complet$ = ! fir/ "t t great ma!matical epo* ref]r$ to s (t5 by ! anci5ts4 ,to-night also ! dead h spok5 = ! fir/ "t4 ,& all ! dead 9 e cemet]y & sepul*re1 9 ! dep?s ( ! sea1 b5ea? ! sn[ & ! s&1 "u ! op5 sky1 & :]ev] !y are to be f\nd1 h l u *ant$ ! song y h j he>d4 ,ruys*4 ,& h[ long w y\r s++ or speak+ la/8' ,mummy4 ,! song is already f9i%$4 ,we are all[$ to speak = a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,!n we are sil5t aga9 until ! completion ( ! second great ye>4 ,ruys*4 ,if ?is be true1 ,i d n ?9k y w di/urb my sleep a second "t4 ,s talk away to y\r he>ts' cont5t1 & ,i w /& "h on "o side1 &1 f curiosity1 gladly li/5 )\t int]rupt+ y4 ,mummy4 ,we c only speak 9 response to "s liv+ p]son4 ,! dead t are n int]rogat$ by ! liv+1 :5 !y h f9i%$ _! song1 are quiet aga94 ,ruys*4 ,i am greatly disappo9t$1 = ,i 0 curi\s to "k :at y w\ld talk ab\t if y c\ld conv]se ) ea* o!r4 ,mummy4 ,ev5 if we c\ld d s1 y w\ld he> no?+1 because we %\ld h no?+ to say to "o ano!r4 ,ruys*4 ,a ?\s& que/ions to ask y come into my m9d4 ,b ! "t is %ort1 s tell me briefly :at feel+s y exp]i5c$ 9 body & s\l :5 at ! po9t ( dea?4 ,mummy4 ,i d n rememb] ! exact mom5t ( dea?4 ,! o!r ,mummies4 ,nor d we4 ,ruys*4 ,:y n8 ,mummy4 ,= ! same reason t y _c p]ceive ! mom5t :5 y fall asleep1 h[ev] mu* y try to d s4 ,ruys*4 ,b sleep is a natural ?+4 ,mummy4 ,& does n dea? seem natural to y8 ,%[ me a man1 bea/1 or plant t %all n die4 ,ruys*4 ,i am no long] surpris$ t y s+ & talk1 if y d n rememb] y\r dea?4 ,a fatal bl[ depriv$ him ( 8 brea?2 ,/ill f\ght he on1 unconsci\s ( 8 dea? -- z says an ,italian poet4 ,i ?\ght t on ! subject ( dea? y fell[s w\ld at lea/ "k some?+ m ?an ! liv+4 ,n[ tell me1 did y feel any pa9 at ! po9t ( dea?8 ,mummy4 ,h[ c !re be pa9 at a "t ( unconsci\sness8 ,ruys*4 ,at any rate1 e "o believes ! mom5t ( dep>ture f ?is life to be a v pa9ful "o4 ,mummy4 ,z if dea? 7 a s5sation1 & n r ! contr>y4 ,ruys*4 ,mo/ p :o hold ! views ( ! ,epicureans z to ! nature ( ! s\l1 z well z ^? :o cl+ to ! popul> op9ion1 agree 9 suppos+ t dea? is ess5tially a pa9 ( ! mo/ acute k9d4 ,mummy4 ,well1 y %all put ! "q to ei!r ( !m f u4 ,if man be unaw>e ( ! exact po9t ( "t :5 8 vital functions are susp5d$ 9 m or less degree by sleep1 le?>gy1 syncope1 or any o!r cause1 :y %\ld he p]ceive ! mom5t-:5 ^! same functions cease entirely2 & n m]ely = a "t1 b = ev]8 ,besides1 h[ c\ld !re be an acute s5sation at ! "t ( dea?8 ,is dea? itself a s5sation8 ,:5 ! faculty ( s5se is n only weak5$ & re/rict$1 b s m9imis$ t x may be t]m$ non-exi/5t1 h[ c\ld any "o exp]i5ce a lively s5sation8 ,p]haps y ?9k ?is v ext9ction ( s5sibility ought also to be an acute s5sation8 ,b x is n s4 ,= y may notice t ev5 sick p :o die ( v pa9ful diseases compose !mselves %ortly be=e dea?1 & re/ 9 tranquillity2 !y are too enfeebl$ to suff]1 & lose all s5se ( pa9 be=e !y die4 ,y may say ?is f u to :oev] imag9es x w be a pa9ful ef=t to brea! 8 la/4 ,ruys*4 ,su* reason+ w\ld p]haps satisfy ! ,epicureans1 b n ^? p :o reg>d ! s\l z ess5tially diff]5t f ! body4 ,i h hi!rto be5 "o ( ! latt]1 & n[ t ,i h he>d ! dead speak & s+ ,i am m ?an ev] dis9cl9$ to *ange my op9ions4 ,we consid] dea? to be a sep>ation ( ! s\l & body1 & to u x is incompreh5sible h[ ^! two sub/ances1 s jo9$ & agglut9at$ z to =m "o be+1 c be divid$ )\t great =ce & an inconceivable pang4 ,mummy4 ,tell me3 is ! _s jo9$ to ! body by "s n]ve1 muscle1 or membrane :i* mu/ be brok5 to enable x to escape8 ,or is x a memb] :i* has to be sev]$ or viol5tly wr5*$ away8 ,d y n see t ! s\l necess>ily leaves ! body :5 ! latt] becomes un9habitable1 & n because ( any int]nal viol5ce8 ,tell me also3 7 y s5sible ( ! mom5t :5 ! s\l ent]$ y1 & 0 jo9$1 or z y say agglut9at$1 to y\r body8 ,if n1 :y %\ld y expect to feel any viol5t s5sation at its dep>ture8 ,take my ^w = x1 ! dep>ture ( ! s\l is z quiet & imp]ceptible z its entrance4 ,ruys*4 ,!n :at is dea?1 if x be n pa98 ,mummy4 ,x is r pleasure ?an any?+ else4 ,y mu/ "k t dea?1 l sleep1 is n accompli%$ 9 a mom5t1 b gradually4 ,x is true ! transition is m or less rapid accord+ to ! disease or mann] ( dea?4 ,b ultimately dea? comes l sleep1 )\t ei!r s5se ( pa9 or pleasure4 ,j be=e dea? pa9 is impossible1 = x is too acute a ?+ to be exp]i5c$ by ! enfeebl$ s5ses ( a dy+ p]son4 ,x 7 m rational to reg>d x z a pleasure2 because mo/ human joys1 f> f be+ ( a lively nature1 are made up ( a sort ( languor1 9 :i* pa9 has no "p4 ,consequ5tly1 man's s5ses1 ev5 :5 approa*+ ext9ction1 are capable ( pleasure2 s9ce languor is (t5 pleasurable1 especially :5 x succe$s a /ate ( suff]+4 ,h5ce ! languor ( dea? ought to be pleas+ 9 proportion to ! int5sity ( pa9 f :i* x frees ! suff]]4 ,z = myself1 if ,i _c recall ! circum/ances ( my dea?1 x may be because ! doctors =bade me to ex]t my bra94 ,i rememb]1 h[ev]1 t ! s5sation ,i exp]i5c$ diff]$ little f ! feel+ ( satisfaction t /eals ov] a man1 z ! languor ( sleep p]vades him4 ,! o!r ,mummies4 ,we felt ! same s5sation4 ,ruys*4 ,x may be z y say1 al?\gh e "o ) :om ,i h conv]s$ on ?is subject is ( a v diff]5t op9ion4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 !y h n spok5 f exp]i5ce4 ,n[ tell me1 did y at ! "t ( dea?1 :il/ exp]i5c+ ?is s5sation ( pleasure1 realise t y 7 dy+1 & t ?is feel+ 0 a prelude to dea?1 or :at did y ?9k8 ,mummy4 ,until ,i 0 dead ,i believ$ ,i %\ld recov]1 & z long z ,i _h ! faculty ( ?\ght ,i hop$ ,i %\ld /ill live an h\r or two4 ,i imag9e mo/ p ?9k ! same4 ,! o!r ,mummies4 ,x 0 ! same ) u4 ,ruys*4 ,cic]o says#b t1 h[ev] old & brok5-d[n a man may be1 he always anticipates at lea/ ano!r ye> ( life4 ,b h[ did y p]ceive at l5g? t y\r s\l _h left ! body8 ,say1 h[ did y "k y 7 dead8444 ,y d n answ]4 ,*ildr51 d y n he>8444 ,ah1 ! qu>t] ( an h\r has expir$4 ,let me exam9e !m a little4 ,yes1 !y are q dead aga94 ,!re is no fe> t !y w give me su* ano!r %ock4 ,i w g to b$4 ,,note4--,fr$]ic ,ruys* 7#afch-agca7 0 "o ( ! clev]e/ anatomi/s ,holl& has ev] produc$4 ,= sixty ye>s he held a pr(essor%ip ( anatomy at ,am/]dam1 dur+ :i* "t he devot$ himself to 8 art4 ,he obta9$ f ,swamm]dam 8 secret ( pres]v+ corpses by means ( an injection ( col\r$ wax4 ,ruys*1 x is said1 also made use ( 8 own blood = ?is purpose4 ,8 subjects1 :5 prep>$1 look$ l liv+ be+s1 & %[$ no signs ( corruption4 ,cz> ,pet] visit$ ,holl& 9 #afih1 & 0 amaz$ at :at he saw 9 ,ruys*'s /udio4 ,9 #agag ! ,cz> aga9 visit$ ,holl&1 & succe$$ 9 induc+ ,ruys* to dispose ( 8 collection ( animals1 mummies1 c4 ,^! 7 all transport$ to ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,ruys* =m$ a second collection z valuable z ! fir/1 :i* aft] 8 dea? 0 publicly sold4 ,footnote #a3 ,see note4 ,footnote #b3 ,de ,s5ectute4 ,,rem>kable ,,say+s ,,( ,,philip ,,ottoni]i4#a ,,*apt] ,i4 ,philip ,ottoni]i1 a few ( ^: rem>kable say+s ,i am ab\t to rec\nt1 p>tly he>d f 8 own m\? & p>tly relat$ to me by o!rs1 0 born at ,nubiana 9 ! prov9ce ( ,valdiv5to4 ,!re he liv$ mo/ ( 8 life1 & di$ a %ort "t ago1 leav+ beh9d him ! reputation ( hav+ nev] injur$ any "o ei!r by ^w or de$4 ,he 0 dete/$ by ! majority ( 8 fell[-citiz5s1 because he took s little int]e/ 9 ! _m ?+s t gave !m pleasure2 al?\gh he did no?+ to %[ t he despis$ ^? :o diff]$ f himself 9 ?is respect4 ,he is believ$ to h be51 n only 9 !ory1 b also 9 practice1 :at s _m ( 8 contempor>ies pr(ess$ to be1 t is1 a philosoph]4 ,= ?is reason o!r m5 ?\ght him peculi>1 ?\gh really he nev] affect$ s+ul>ity 9 any?+4 ,inde$1 he once said t a man :o n[adays practis$ ! greate/ possible s+ul>ity 9 dress1 mann]s1 or actions1 w\ld be f> less s+ul> ?an 7 ^? anci5ts :o obta9$ a reputation = s+ul>ity2 & t ! diff]5ce betwe5 su* a p]son & 8 contempor>ies w\ld by ! anci5ts h be5 reg>d$ z sc>cely wor?y ( notice4 ,&1 comp>+ ,j4 ,j4 ,r\sseau's s+ul>ity1 :i* seem$ v /rik+ to ! p ( 8 g5]ation1 ) t ( ,democritus & ! fir/ ,cynic philosoph]s1 he said t :oev] n[adays liv$ z diff]5tly f 8 contempor>ies z ^! ,greeks liv$ f !irs1 w\ld n m]ely be reg>d$ z s+ul>1 b w\ld be treat$ z outside ! pale ( human society4 ,he ?\ght1 too1 t ! degree ( civilisation rea*$ by any c\ntry might be e/imat$ f obs]vation ( ! degree ( s+ul>ity possible 9 ! inhabitants ( t c\ntry4 ,?\gh v temp]ate 9 8 habits ( life1 he pr(ess$ ,epicureanism1 p]haps lightly r ?an f conviction4 ,b he condemn$ ,epicurus1 affirm+ t 9 8 "t & nation !re 0 mu* m pleasure to be obta9$ f ! pursuit ( glory & virtue1 ?an f idl5ess1 indiff]5ce1 & s5suality1 :i* ?+s 7 consid]$ by t philosoph] to repres5t ! greate/ good ( life4 ,he said also t ! ,epicureanism ( mod]n times has no?+ 9 common ) ! ,epicureanism ( ! anci5ts4 ,9 philosophy1 he lik$ to call himself ,socratic4 ,l ,socrates1 too1 he (t5 sp5t great "p ( ! day reason+ philosophically ) any *ance acqua9tance1 & especially ) c]ta9 ( 8 fri5ds1 on any impromptu subject4 ,b unlike ,socrates1 he did n frequ5t ! %ops ( ! %oemak]s1 c>p5t]s1 & blacksmi?s2 = he 0 ( op9ion t1 ?\gh ! artisans ( ,a!ns may h _h "t to sp5d 9 philosophis+1 ^? ( ,nubiana w\ld />ve 7 !y to foll[ su* an example4 ,nor did he1 l ,socrates1 expla9 8 conclusions by means ( endless int]rogation & argum5t2 =1 he said1 al?\gh m5 9 ! pres5t day may h m pati5ce ?an _! ance/ors1 !y w\ld nev] cons5t to reply to a ?\s& consecutive que/ions1 /ill less to he> _! answ]s answ]$4 ,9 fact1 he only resembl$ ,socrates 9 8 mann] ( speak+1 sometimes ironical1 sometimes equivocal4 ,he analys$ ! fam\s ,socratic irony 9 ! foll[+ way3-- ,socrates 0 naturally v t5d]-he>t$1 & ( a mo/ lovable disposition4 ,b he 0 physically s unattractive t x is probable he despair$ f 8 y\? ( ev] inspir+ o!rs ) a w>m] feel+ ?an t ( fri5d%ip1 f> insuffici5t to satisfy 8 s5sitive & ard5t nature1 :i* (t5 felt t[>ds o!rs a mu* m lively affection4 ,he 0 c\rage\s 9 all matt]s ( ! intellect1 b seems to h be5 want+ 9 natural c\rage1 & ^? o!r qualities t w\ld h enabl$ him to hold 8 own 9 public life1 amid ! tumult ( w>s1 ! s$ition1 & ! lic5se ( all k9ds1 !n *>act]i/ic ( ,a!nian affairs4 ,9 addition to ?is1 8 ridicul\s & insignificant figure mu/ h be5 no slight prejudice to him among p :o made little di/9ction betwe5 ! good & ! beautiful1 & :o 7 also mu* addict$ to bant]4 ,?us x happ5$ t 9 a free city1 full ( weal? & ! bu/le & amusem5ts ( life1 ,socrates1 poor1 reject$ by love1 incapable ( a public c>e]1 yet gift$ ) v great intellig5ce :i* d\btless int5sifi$ ! consci\sness ( 8 defects1 resign$ himself to a life ( philosophis+ on ! actions1 mann]s1 & ?\ghts ( 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,! irony he us$ 0 natural to a man :o f\nd himself z x 7 exclud$ f p>ticipation 9 ! exi/5ce ( o!rs4 ,b x 0 due to 8 inh]5t nobility & affabl5ess1 & p]haps also to ! celebrity he ga9$ by 8 reason+s1 & :i* flatt]$ 8 self-e/eem1 t ?is irony1 in/ead ( be+ bitt] & contemptu\s1 0 pleas+1 & express$ 9 a fri5dly mann]4 ,!n x 0 t ,philosophy1 z ,cic]o has well said1 made h] fir/ desc5t f heav51 & 0 l$ by ,socrates into ! t[ns & h\ses ( m54 ,hi!rto occupi$ ) speculations z to ! nature ( hidd5 ?+s1 %e n[ /udi$ ! mann]s & lives ( m51 & discuss$ virtues & vices1 ?+s good & useful1 & ! contr>y4 ,b ,socrates did n prim>ily ?9k ( introduc+ ?is novel feature into philosophy1 nor did he propose to tea* any?+1 nor ev5 aspire to ! "n ( philosoph]1 :i* !n only belong$ to ^? :o made physics or metaphysics ! /udy ( _! lives4 ,he op5ly proclaim$ 8 ignorance ( all ?+s1 & 9 8 conv]sation ) o!rs simply discuss$ ! affairs ( 8 neighb\rs1 & ! topics ( ! day4 ,he pref]r$ ?is amusem5t to ! real /udy ( philosophy1 or any o!r sci5ce or art2 & be+ naturally m incl9$ to act ?an speculate1 he only adopt$ ?is mann] ( life1 because %ut out f a m cong5ial employm5t4 ,he 0 always m will+ to conv]se ) "y & h&some p]sons ?an ) o!rs2 9 ?is way he hop$ to ga9 at lea/ e/eem1 :]e he w\ld f> r h _h love4 ,& s9ce all ! s*ools ( ,greek philosophy are traceable directly or indirectly to ! ,socratic s*ool1 ,ottoni]i ass]t$ t ! flat nose & satyr-l visage ( a highly intellectual & w>m-he>t$ man 7 ! orig9 ( all ,greek philosophy1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! philosophy ( mod]n times4 ,he also said t 9 ! writ+s ( 8 foll[]s1 ! individuality ( ,socrates is comp>able to ^? !atrical masks ( ! anci5ts1 :i* always reta9$ _! "n1 "*1 & id5tity1 b ! rle ( :i* v>i$ 9 ea* di/9ct p]=mance4 ,he left beh9d him no philosophical or o!r writ+s = public b5efit4 ,be+ ask$ "o day :y he did n give writt5 z well z v]bal expression to 8 philosophical views1 he repli$3 ,read+ is a conv]sation held ) ! writ]4 ,n[1 z 9 ftes & public ent]ta9m5ts1 !y :o take no active "p 9 ! spectacle or p]=mance soon become tir$1 simil>ly 9 conv]sation m5 pref] to speak r ?an li/54 ,& books necess>ily resemble ^? p :o take all ! speak+ to !mselves1 & nev] li/5 to o!rs4 ,consequ5tly1 to atone = _! monopoly ( talk+1 !y ought to say _m f9e & excell5t ?+s1 express+ !m 9 a rem>kable mann]4 ,e book t does n d ?is inspires ! same feel+ ( av]sion z an insatiable *att]]4 ,footnote #a3 ,a fictiti\s p]sonage4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,ottoni]i made no di/9ction betwe5 bus9ess & pleasure4 ,h[ev] s]i\s 8 occupation1 he call$ x pa/ime4 ,only once1 hav+ be5 idle tempor>ily1 he confess$ he _h !n exp]i5c$ no amusem5t4 ,he said t our true/ pleasures are due to ! imag9ation4 ,?us1 *ildr5 con/ruct a _w out ( no?+1 :]eas m5 f9d no?+ 9 ! _w4 ,he comp>$ ^? pleasures t]m$ real to an arti*oke1 all ! leaves ( :i* mu/ be ma/icat$ 9 ord] to rea* ! pi?4 ,he add$ t su* arti*okes z ^! are v r>e2 & t _m o!rs resemble !m 9 ext]ior1 b )9 are void ( k]nel4 ,he = 8 "p1 f9d+ ! leaves unpalatable1 det]m9$ to ab/a9 f bo? leaves & k]nel4 ,be+ ask$ :at 0 ! wor/ mom5t ( life1 he said3 ,except ^? ( pa9 or fe>1 ! wor/ mom5ts are1 9 my op9ion1 ^? sp5t 9 pleasure4 ,= ! anticipation & recollection ( ^! la/1 :i* fill up ! rema9d] ( life1 are bett] & m delightful ?an ! pleasures !mselves4 ,he also made a comp>ison betwe5 pleasures & od\rs4 ,! latt] he consid]$ usually leave beh9d a desire to exp]i5ce !m aga91 proportion$ to _! agreeabl5ess2 & he reg>d$ ! s5se ( smell z ! mo/ difficult to satisfy ( all our s5ses4 ,aga91 he comp>$ od\rs to anticipations ( good ?+s2 & said t odorif]\s foods are g5]ally m pleas+ to ! nose ?an ! palate1 = _! sc5t orig9ates sav\ry expectations :i* are seldom suffici5tly realis$4 ,he expla9$ :y sometimes he 0 s impati5t ab\t ! delay ( a pleasure sure to occur soon] or lat]1 by say+ t he fe>$ ! enjoym5t he %\ld d]ive f x w\ld be ( dim9i%$ =ce1 on acc\nt ( ! exagg]at$ anticipation conceiv$ by 8 m9d4 ,= ?is reason he endeav\r$ 9 ! meantime to =get ! com+ good1 z ?\gh x 7 an imp5d+ mis=tune4 ,he said t ea* ( u 9 ent]+ ! _w resembles a man on a h>d & uncom=table b$4 ,z soon z ! man lies d[n1 he feels re/less & beg9s to toss f side to side & *ange 8 position mom5t>ily1 9 ! hope ( induc+ sleep to close 8 eyes4 ,?us he sp5ds ! :ole night1 & ?\gh sometimes he believes himself on ! po9t ( fall+ asleep1 he nev] actually succe$s 9 do+ s4 ,at l5g? dawn comes1 & he rises unrefre%$4 ,wat*+ "s bees at "w "o day 9 company ) c]ta9 acqua9tances1 he rem>k$3 ,bless$ are ye1 if ye "k n y\r unhapp9ess4 ,he consid]$ ! mis]ies ( mortals to be incalculable1 & t no s+le "o ( !m c\ld be adequately deplor$4 ,9 answ] to ,horace's "q1 ,:y is no "o cont5t ) 8 lot8 he said3 ,because no "o's lot is happy4 ,subjects equally ) pr9ces1 ! weak & ! /rong1 7 !y happy1 w\ld be cont5t$1 & w\ld envy no "o4 ,= m5 are no m incapable ( be+ satisfi$ ?an o!r animals4 ,b s9ce happ9ess alone c satisfy !m1 !y are necess>ily dissatisfi$1 because ess5tially unhappy4 ,if a man c\ld be f\nd1 he said1 :o _h atta9$ to ! summit ( human happ9ess1 t man w\ld be ! mo/ mis]able ( mortals4 ,= ev5 ! olde/ ( u h hopes & s*emes = ! improvem5t ( our condition4 ,he recall$ a passage 9 ,z5ophon1 :]e a pur*as] ( l& is advis$ to buy badly cultivat$ fields1 because su* z d n 9 ! future br+ =? m abundantly ?an at ! "t ( pur*ase1 give less satisfaction ?an if !y 7 to increase 9 productiv5ess4 ,simil>ly1 all ?+s 9 :i* we c obs]ve improvem5t please u m ?an o!rs 9 :i* improvem5t is impossible4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he obs]v$ t no condition is s bad t x _c be worse2 & t h[ev] unhappy a man may be1 he _c console or boa/ himself t 8 mis=tunes are incapable ( increase4 ,?\gh hope is unb\nd$1 ! good ?+s ( life are limit$4 ,?us1 7 we to consid] a s+le day 9 ! life ( a ri* or poor man1 ma/] or s]vant1 be>+ 9 m9d all ! circum/ances & ne$s ( _! respective positions1 we %\ld g5]ally f9d an equality ( good ?r\gh\t4 ,b nature has n limit$ our mis=tunes2 nor c ! m9d sc>cely conceive a cause ( suff]+ :i* is non-exi/5t1 or :i* at "s "t 0 n to be f\nd among humanity4 ,?us1 :]eas mo/ m5 va9ly hope = an increase ( ! good ?+s !y possess1 !y nev] want = g5u9e objects ( fe>2 & if ,=tune sometimes ob/9ately refuses to b5efit u 9 ! lea/ degree1 %e nev] fails to afflict u ) new torm5ts ( su* a nature z to cru% )9 u ev5 ! c\rage ( despair4 ,he (t5 us$ to laugh at ^? philosoph]s :o ?9k t a man is able to free himself f ! tyranny ( ,=tune1 by hav+ a contempt = good & evil ?+s :i* are entirely beyond 8 control2 z if happ9ess & ! contr>y 7 absolutely 9 8 own p[] to accept or refuse4 ,on ! same subject he also said1 among/ o!r ?+s1 t h[ev] mu* a man may act z a philosoph] 9 8 relations ) o!rs1 he is nev] a philosoph] to himself4 ,aga91 he said t x is z impossible to take m int]e/ 9 ! affairs ( o!rs ?an 9 our own1 z to reg>d _! affairs z ?\gh !y 7 our own4 ,b1 suppos+ ?is philosophical disposition ( m9d 7 possible1 w9* x is n1 & possess$ by "o ( u1 h[ w\ld x /& ! te/ ( a ?\s& trials8 ,w\ld x n be evid5t t ! happ9ess or unhapp9ess ( su* a p]son is nev]!less a matt] ( =tune8 ,w\ld n ! v disposition !y boa/ ( be dep5d5t on circum/ances8 ,is n man's reason daily gov]n$ by accid5ts ( all k9ds8 ,d n ! numb]less bodily di/urbances due to /upidity1 excitem5t1 madness1 rage1 dullness1 & a hundr$ o!r species ( folly1 tempor>y or cont9u\s1 tr\ble1 weak51 di/ract1 & ev5 ext+ui% x8 ,does n memory1 wisdom's ally1 lose /r5g? z we advance 9 age8 ,h[ _m ( u fall into a second *ildhood6 ,& we almo/ all decrease 9 m5tal vig\r z we gr[ old2 or :5 our m9d rema9s unimpair$1 "t1 by means ( "s bodily disease1 enfeebles our c\rage & firmness1 & n infrequ5tly deprives u ( bo? attributes altoge!r4 ,9 %ort1 x is utt] folly to confess t physically we are subject to _m ?+s ov] :i* we h no control1 & at ! same "t to ass]t t ! m9d1 :i* is s greatly dep5d5t on ! body1 is n simil>ly controll$ by ext]nal influ5ces4 ,he summ$ up by say+ t man z a :ole is absolutely 9 ! p[] ( ,=tune4 ,be+ ask$ = :at purpose he ?\ght m5 7 born1 he laugh+ly repli$3 ,to realise h[ mu* bett] x 7 n to be born4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,on ! occasion ( a c]ta9 mis=tune1 ,ottoni]i said3 ,x is less h>d to lose a mu*-lov$ p]son sudd5ly1 or aft] a %ort illness1 ?an to see him wa/e away gradually1 s t be=e 8 dea? he is trans=m$ 9 body & m9d into q ano!r be+ f :at he =m]ly 04 ,?is latt] is a cruel ?+2 = ! belov$ "o1 in/ead ( leav+ to u ! t5d] recollections ( 8 real id5tity1 rema9s ) u a *ang$ be+1 9 ^: pres5ce our old affection sl[ly b surely fades away4 ,at l5g? he dies2 b ! remembrance ( him z he 0 at ! la/ de/roys ! sweet] & e>li] image )9 u4 ,?us he is lo/ entirely1 & our imag9ation1 in/ead ( com=t+1 sadd5s u4 ,su* mis=tunes z ^! are inconsolable4 ,"o day he he>d a man lam5t+ & say+1 ,if only ,i 7 fre$ f ?is tr\ble1 all my o!r tr\bles w\ld be easy to be>4 ,he repli$3 ,n s2 = !n ^? t are n[ light w\ld be heavy4 ,ano!r p]son said to him3 ,_h ?is pa9 cont9u$1 ,i c\ld n h borne x4 ,ottoni]i answ]$3 ,on ! contr>y1 habit w\ld h made x m be>able4 ,t\*+ _m ?+s z to human nature1 he held op9ions n 9 accordance ) ^? ( ! multitude1 & (t5 diff]5t f ^? ( le>n$ m54 ,= in/ance1 he ?\ght x unwise to address a petition to any "o :5 ! p]son address$ is 9 a /ate ( extraord9>y hil>ity4 ,&1 he said1 :5 ! petition is su* t x _c be grant$ at once1 ,i consid] occasions ( joy & sorr[ z equally inopportune to its success4 ,= bo? s5tim5ts make a man too selfi% to tr\ble himself ) ! affairs ( o!rs4 ,9 sorr[ our mis=tune1 9 joy our good =tune1 monopolises our m9d1 & erects1 z x 71 a b>ri] betwe5 u & matt]s ext]nal to ourselves4 ,bo? are also peculi>ly unsuitable = excit+ compassion3 :5 sorr[ful1 we res]ve all pity = ourselves2 :5 joyful1 we col\r all ?+s ) our joy1 & are incl9$ to reg>d ! tr\bles & mis=tunes ( o!rs z entirely imag9ative1 or else we refuse to ?9k ( !m1 z too discordant ) ! m9d's pres5t condition4 ,! be/ "t to ask a fav\r1 or "s b5eficial promise = o!rs1 is :5 ! p]son petition$ is 9 a /ate ( quiet1 happy good hum\r1 unaccompani$ by any excessive joyfulness2 or bett] /ill1 :5 "u ! influ5ce ( t ke5 b indef9ite pleasure :i* results f a rev]ie ( ?\ght1 & consi/s ( a peaceful agitation ( ! _s4 ,at su* times m5 are mo/ op5 to pity & entreaty1 & are (t5 glad to please o!rs1 & give expression to ! vague gratify+ activity ( _! ?\ghts by "s good action4 ,he also d5i$ t an afflict$ p]son ord9>ily receives m pity f fell[-suff]]s ?an f o!r p4 ,= a man's companions 9 mis=tune are always incl9$ to give _! own tr\bles prec$5ce ov] 81 z be+ m s]i\s & compassionable4 ,& (t51 :5 a man 9 rec\nt+ 8 suff]+s ?9ks he has excit$ ! sympa?y ( 8 auditors1 he is int]rupt$ by "o ( !m :o expatiates 9 turn on 8 mis=tunes1 & ends by try+ to %[ t he is ! m afflict$ ( ! two4 ,he said t 9 su* cases x g5]ally happ5s z occurr$ to ,a*illes :5 ,priam pro/rat$ himself at 8 feet1 ) entreaties & lam5tations4 ,! te>s ( ,priam excit$ ! te>s ( ,a*illes1 :o began to groan & weep l ! ,trojan k+4 ,?is he did1 n f sympa?y1 b because ( 8 own mis=tunes1 & ! ?\ghts ( 8 dead fa!r & fri5d4 ,we compassionate o!rs1 he said1 :5 !y suff] f evils we h exp]i5c$2 b n s :5 we & !y suff] simultane\sly4 ,he said t f c>elessness & ?\ghtlessness we d _m cruel or wick$ ?+s1 :i* v (t5 h ! appe>ance ( g5u9e cruelty & malici\sness4 ,= example1 he m5tion$ ! case ( a man :o sp5d+ 8 "t away f home left 8 s]vants 9 a dwell+ sc>cely wea!r pro(1 n design$ly1 b simply f ?\ghtlessness or disreg>d ( _! com=t4 ,he consid]$ malice1 inhumanity1 & ! l to be f> less common among m5 ?an m]e ?\ghtlessness1 to :i* he attribut$ v _m ?+s call$ by h>d] names4 ,he once said t x 7 bett] to be completely ungrateful t[>ds a b5efactor ?an to make "s trifl+ return = 8 great k9dness4 ,= 9 ! latt] case ! b5efactor mu/ consid] ! obligation z cancell$1 :atev] may h be5 ! motive t inspir$ ! donor1 & h[ev] small ! return4 ,he is ?us despoil$ ( ! b>e satisfaction ( gratitude1 on :i* he probably reckon$2 & yet he _c reg>d himself z treat$ ungratefully1 ?\gh he is s 9 reality4 ,i h he>d ! foll[+ say+ attribut$ to him3--,we are incl9$ & accu/om$ to give our acqua9tances cr$it = be+ able to disc]n our true m]its1 or :at we imag9e !m to be1 & to recognise ! virtue ( our words & actions4 ,we also suppose t !y pond] ov] ^! virtues & m]its ( ours1 & nev] let !m escape _! memory4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 we d n disc]n simil> qualities 9 !m1 or else are unwill+ to ackn[l$ge ! fact4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,ottoni]i obs]v$ t irresolute m5 sometimes p]sev]e 9 _! und]tak+s 9 ! face ( ! greate/ opposition4 ,?is is ev5 a consequ5ce ( _! irresolution2 = 7 !y to ab&on _! design1 x w\ld be evid5ce t !y _h = once fulfill$ a det]m9ation4 ,sometimes !y skilfully & spe$ily c>ry out a resolution4 ,to ?is !y are urg$ by fe> le/ !y %\ld be compell$ to cease _! task1 :5 !y w\ld return to ! /ate ( p]plexity & unc]ta9ty 9 :i* !y 7 =m]ly4 ,?us !y /r5u\sly ha/5 ! execution ( _! design1 /imulat$ r by anxiety & unc]ta9ty z to :e!r !y w conqu] !mselves1 ?an by ! goal or ! difficulties to be ov]come be=e x c be rea*$4 ,at ano!r "t he said1 ) a smile1 t p accu/om$ to give expression to _! e ?\ght & feel+ 9 conv]sation ) o!rs1 cry out :5 alone if a fly bite !m1 or if !y *ance to upset a glass ( wat]2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 !y :o live solit>y lives become s res]v$ t ev5 ! pres5tim5t ( apoplexy w\ld n induce !m to speak 9 ! pres5ce ( o!rs4 ,he 0 ( op9ion t mo/ m5 reput$ great 9 anci5t & mod]n times h obta9$ _! reputation ?r\gh a prepond]ance ( "o quality ov] ! re/ 9 _! "*4 ,& a man possess$ ( ! mo/ brilliant b ev5ly proportion$ end[m5ts1 w\ld fail to acquire celebrity ei!r ) 8 contempor>ies or po/]ity4 ,he divid$ ! m5 ( civilis$ nations into ?ree classes4 ,! fir/ class are !y ^: individual nature1 & p>tly also _! natural human con/itution1 become trans=m$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! arts & cu/oms ( urban life4 ,among ^! he includ$ all m5 :o are skilful 9 bus9ess1 :e!r private or public1 :o appreciate society1 & make !mselves univ]sally agreeable to _! fell[s4 ,g5]ally speak+1 su* m5 alone inspire e/eem & respect4 ,! second class are !y :o pres]ve _! primitive nature 9 a great] degree1 ei!r f lack ( culture or because !y are naturally incapable ( be+ influ5c$ by ! arts1 mann]s1 & cu/oms ( o!rs4 ,?is is ! mo/ num]\s ( ! ?ree classes1 & is held 9 g5]al contempt4 ,x embraces ^? :o are kn[n z ! common p1 or :o des]ve to be includ$ ) !m1 be _! /ation 9 life :at x may4 ,! ?ird class1 incomp>ably ! smalle/ 9 numb]s1 & (t5 ev5 m despis$ ?an ! second1 consi/s ( ^? m5 9 :om nature is /rong en\gh to resi/ & (t5 repulse ! civilis+ influ5ce ( ! times4 ,!y are seldom apt 9 bus9ess1 or self-gov]n$ 9 society2 nor d !y %9e 9 conv]sation1 nor succe$ 9 mak+ !mselves agreeable to _! fell[-m54 ,?is class is subdivid$ into two v>ieties4 ,! "o includes ^? /rong & c\rage\s natures t despise ! contempt !y excite1 & (t5 inde$ e/eem x m ?an hon\r4 ,!y diff] f o!r m51 n only by nature1 b also by *oice & pref]5ce4 ,hav+ no?+ 9 common ) ! hopes & pleasures ( society1 solit>y 9 a cr[d1 !y avoid o!r m5 z mu* z !y !mselves are avoid$4 ,specim5s ( ?is class are r>ely met )4 ,! o!r v>iety consi/s ( p]sons ^: nature is a comp\nd ( /r5g?1 weakness1 & timidity1 & :o are !re=e 9 a con/ant /ate ( agitation4 ,!y are z a rule desir\s ( associat+ ) _! fell[s1 & wi%+ to emulate ! m5 ( ! cultivat$ class1 !y feel acutely ! contempt 9 :i* !y are held by _! inf]iors4 ,^! m5 are nev] successful 9 life2 !y fail 9 ev] becom+ practical1 & 9 society are nei!r tol]able to !mselves nor o!rs4 ,n a few ( our mo/ gift$ m5 ( mod]n times h belong$ to ?is division 9 m or less degree4 ,j4 ,j4 ,r\sseau is a fam\s example1 & ) him may be bracket$ "o ( ! anci5ts1 ,virgil4 ,( ! latt] x is said1 on ! au?ority ( ,melissus1 t he 0 v sl[ ( spee*1 & app>5tly a mo/ ord9>y end[$ man4 ,& ?is1 toge!r ) ! probability t ow+ to 8 great tal5ts ,virgil 0 little at ease 9 society1 seems likely en\gh1 bo? f ! lab\r$ subtlety ( 8 /yle1 & ! nature ( 8 poetry2 x is also confirm$ by :at we read t[>ds ! end ( ! ,second ,book ( ! ,georgics4 ,!re ! poet expresses a wi% = a quiet & solit>y life1 z ?\gh he reg>d$ x z a rem$y & refuge m ?an an advantage 9 itself4 ,n[1 see+ t ) r>e exceptions m5 ( ^! two species are nev] e/eem$ until !y are dead1 & are ( little p[] 9 ! _w2 he ass]t$ z a g5]al rule1 t ! only way to ga9 e/eem dur+ life is to live unnaturally4 ,& s9ce ! fir/ class1 :i* is ! mean ( ! two extremes1 repres5ts ! civilisation ( our times2 he conclud$ f ?is & o!r circum/ances t ! conduct ( human affairs is entirely 9 ! h&s ( m$iocrity4 ,he di/+ui%$ also ?ree conditions ( old age1 comp>$ ) ! o!r ages ( man4 ,:5 nature & mann]s 7 fir/ in/itut$1 m5 7 j & virtu\s at all ages4 ,exp]i5ce & k ( ! _w did n make m5 less hone/ & upright4 ,old age 0 !n ! mo/ v5]able "t ( life2 = besides hav+ all ! good qualities common to o!r m51 ! ag$ 7 naturally possess$ ( great] prud5ce & judgm5t ?an _! juniors4 ,b 9 process ( "t1 ! conduct ( m5 *ang$2 _! mann]s became debas$ & corrupt4 ,!n 7 ! ag$ ! vile/ ( ! vile2 = !y _h s]v$ a long] appr5tice%ip to vice1 _h be5 long] "u ! influ5ce ( ! wick$ness ( _! neighb\rs1 & 7 besides possess$ ( ! _s ( cold indiff]5ce natural to _! "t ( life4 ,"u su* conditions !y 7 p[]less to act1 save by calumny1 fraud1 p]fidy1 cunn+1 dissimulation1 & o!r su* despicable means4 ,! corruption ( m5 at l5g? exce$$ all b\nds4 ,!y despis$ virtue & well-do+ be=e !y knew any?+ ( ! _w1 & its sad tru?4 ,9 _! y\? !y dra9$ ! cup ( evil & dissipation4 ,old age 0 !n n inde$ v5]able1 = few ?+s !nce-=w>d c\ld be s call$1 b ! mo/ be>able "t ( life4 ,= :]eas ! m5tal ard\r & bodily /r5g? :i* =m]ly /imulat$ ! imag9ation & ! conception ( noble ?\ghts1 _h (t5 giv5 rise to virtu\s habits1 s5tim5ts1 & actions2 ! same causes latt]ly increas$ man's wick$ness by enl>g+ 8 capacity = evil1 to :i* x l5t an additional attractiv5ess4 ,b ?is ard\r dim9i%$ ) age1 bodily decrepitude1 & ! coldness incid5t to age1 ?+s ord9>ily m dang]\s to virtue ?an vice4 ,9 addition to ?is1 excessive k ( ! _w became s dissatisfactory & we>isome a ?+1 t in/ead ( conduct+ m5 f good to evil1 z =m]ly1 x gave !m /r5g? to resi/ wick$ness1 & sometimes ev5 to hate x4 ,s t1 comp>+ old age ) ! o!r p]iods ( life1 x may be said to h be5 z bett] to good 9 ! e>lie/ times2 z worse to bad 9 ! corrupt times2 & subsequ5tly z bad to worse4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,ottoni]i (t5 talk$ ( ! quality ( self-love1 n[adays call$ egotism4 ,i w n>rate "s ( 8 rem>ks on ?is subject4 ,he said t if y he> a p]son speak well or ill ( ano!r ) :om he has _h deal+s1 & t]m him hone/ or ! contr>y2 value 8 op9ion n a :it4 ,he speaks well or ill ( ! man simply z 8 relation%ip ) him has prov$ satisfactory or ! rev]se4 ,he said t no "o c love )\t a rival4 ,be+ ask$ to expla91 he repli$3 ,because ! p]son belov$ is a v close rival ( ! lov]4 ,suppose a case1 he said1 9 :i* y ask$ a fav\r f a fri5d1 :o c\ld n grant x )\t incurr+ ! hatr$ ( a ?ird p]son4 ,suppose1 too1 t ! ?ree int]e/$ p are 9 ! same condition ( life4 ,i affirm t y\r reque/ w\ld h little *ance ( success1 ev5 ?\gh y\r gratitude to ! grant] might exce$ ! hatr$ he w\ld incur f ! o!r p]son4 ,! reason ( ?is is z foll[s3 we fe> m5's ang] & hatr$ m ?an we value _! love & gratitude4 ,& rightly s4 ,= d we n (t5] see ! =m] productive ( results ?an ! latt]8 ,besides1 hatr$ or v5geance is a p]sonal satisfaction2 :]eas gratitude is m]ely a s]vice pleas+ to ! recipi5t4 ,he said t respect & s]vices r5d]$ to o!rs 9 expectation ( "s pr(itable return1 are r>ely successful2 because m51 especially n[adays :5 !y are m kn[+ ?an =m]ly1 are less incl9$ to give ?an receive4 ,nev]!less1 su* s]vices z ! "y r5d] to ! old :o are ri* or p[]ful1 atta9 _! end m (t5 ?an n4 ,! foll[+ rem>ks ab\t mod]n cu/oms ,i rememb] he>+ f 8 own m\?3-- ,no?+ makes a man ( ! _w s a%am$ z ! feel+ t he is a%am$1 if by *ance he ev] realises x4 ,m>vell\s is ! p[] ( fa%ion6 ,= we see nations & m51 s cons]vative 9 ev]y?+ else1 & s c>eful ( tradition1 act bl9dly 9 ?is respect1 (t5 inde$ unreasonably1 & aga9/ _! own int]e/s4 ,fa%ion is despotic4 ,%e con/ra9s m5 to lay aside1 *ange1 or assume mann]s1 cu/oms1 & ideas1 j :5 %e pleases2 ev5 ?\gh ! ?+s *ang$ be rational1 useful1 or beautiful1 & ! sub/itutes ! contr>y4#a ,!re are an inf9ite numb] ( ?+s 9 public & private life :i*1 ?\gh truly ridicul\s1 seldom excite laught]4 ,if by *ance a man does laugh 9 su* a case1 he laughs alone1 & is soon sil5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we laugh daily at a ?\s& v s]i\s & natural ?+s2 & su* laught] is quickly contagi\s4 ,?us1 mo/ ?+s :i* excite laught] are 9 reality any?+ b ridicul\s2 & we (t5 laugh simply because !re is no?+ to laugh at1 or no?+ wor?y ( laught]4 ,we frequ5tly he> & say su* ?+s z1 ',! good anci5ts1' 'our good ance/ors1' c4 ,aga91 ',a man wor?y ( ! anci5ts1' by :i* we mean a tru/wor?y & hone/ man4 ,e g5]ation believes1 on ! "o h&1 t its ance/ors 7 bett] ?an its contempor>ies2 & on ! o!r h&1 t ! human race progresses z x leaves ! primitive /ate1 to return to :i* w\ld be a movem5t = ! worse1 fur!r & fur!r beh9d4 ,wond]ful contradiction6 ,! true is n necess>ily ! beautiful4 ,yet1 ?\gh beauty be pref]able to tru?1 :]e ! =m] is want+1 ! latt] is ! next be/ ?+4 ,n[ 9 l>ge t[ns ! beautiful is n to be f\nd1 because x no long] has a place 9 ! excitem5t ( human life4 ,! true is equally non-exi/5t2 = all ?+s !re are false or frivol\s4 ,consequ5tly1 9 l>ge t[ns "o sees1 feels1 he>s1 & brea!s no?+ b falsity1 :i* 9 "t1 cu/om r5d]s ev5 pleasurable4 ,to s5sitive m9ds1 :at mis]y c exce$ ?is8 ,p :o ne$ n "w = _! bread1 & :o accord+ly leave ! c>e ( x to o!rs1 h usually great difficulty 9 provid+ !mselves ) "o ( ! *ief necessities ( life1 occupation4 ,?is may inde$ be call$ ! greate/ necessity ( life1 = x includes all o!rs4 ,x is great] ev5 ?an ! necessity ( liv+2 = life itself1 ap>t f happ9ess1 is n a good ?+4 ,& possess+ life1 z we d1 our "o endeav\r %\ld be to endure z little unhapp9ess z possible4 ,n[1 on ! "o h&1 an idle & empty life is v unhappy2 & on ! o!r h&1 ! be/ way to pass our "t is to sp5d x 9 provid+ = our wants4 ,he said t ! cu/om ( buy+ & sell+ human be+s has prov$ useful to ! race4 ,9 confirmation ( ?is1 he m5tion$ ! practice ( inoculat+ = small-pox1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ,circassia2 f ,con/ant9ople x pass$ to ,engl&1 & !nce became dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,its (fice 0 to mitigate ! de/ructiv5ess wr\ght by true small-pox1 :i* besides endang]+ ! life & comel9ess ( ! ,circassian *ildr5 & y\?s1 0 especially disa/r\s 9 its effects on ! sale ( _! maid5s4 ,he n>rat$ ( himself t on leav+ s*ool to ent] ! _w ( life1 he m5tally resolv$1 inexp]i5c$1 & devot$ to tru? z he 01 to praise no p]son or ?+ t did n seem really des]v+ ( praise4 ,he kept 8 det]m9ation = a :ole ye>1 dur+ :i* "t he did n utt] a s+le ^w ( praise4 ,!n he broke 8 v[1 fe>+ le/1 f want ( practice1 he %\ld =get all ! eulogi/ic phraseology he _h le>nt %ortly be=e1 at ! ,s*ool ( ,rhetoric4 ,f t "t he absolutely r5\nc$ 8 int5tion4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,dialogue betwe5 ,fa%ion & ,dea?1 p4 #ai4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,ottoni]i 0 accu/om$ to read out passages f books tak5 at haz>d1 especially ^? ( anci5t writ]s4 ,he w\ld (t5 int]rupt himself by utt]+ "s rem>k or comm5t on ?is or t passage4 ,"o day he read f ,la]tius' ,lives ( ! ,philosoph]s1 ! passage :]e ,*ilo1 be+ ask$ h[ ! le>n$ diff]$ f ! ignorant1 is said to h repli$1 t ! =m] possess 'hopes1' ,ottoni]i said3 ,n[ all is *ang$4 ,! ignorant hope1 b ! le>n$ d n4 ,aga91 z he read 9 ! same book h[ ,socrates affirm$ t ! _w conta9s b "o b5efit1 k1 & b "o evil1 ignorance1 he said3 ,i "k no?+ ab\t ! k & ignorance ( ! anci5ts2 b 9 ! pres5t day ,i %\ld rev]se ?is say+4 ,comm5t+ on ?is maxim ( ,hegesias1 also f ! book ( ,la]tius1 ,! wise man att5ds to 8 own int]e/s 9 ev]y?+1 he said3 ,if all m5 :o c>ry out ?is pr9ciple be philosoph]s1 ,plato may come & e/abli% 8 republic ?r\gh\t ! civilis$ _w4 ,he greatly prais$ ! foll[+ say+ ( ,bion ,bory/h5es1 m5tion$ by ,la]tius3 ,!y :o seek ! greate/ happ9ess1 suff] mo/4 ,to ?is he add$3 ,& !y on ! o!r h& are happie/ :o are cont5t$ ) lea/1 & :o are accu/om$ to enjoy _! happ9ess ov] aga9 9 memory4 ,f ,plut>* he read h[ ,/ratocles excit$ ! ang] ( ! ,a!nians by induc+ !m on a c]ta9 occasion to sacrifice z ?\gh !y 7 victors2 & h[ he !n repli$ by dem&+ :y !y blam$ him t he _h made !m happy & joyful = ! space ( ?ree days4 ,ottoni]i add$3 ,nature might make ! same response to ^? :o compla9 t %e endeav\rs to conceal ! tru? b5ea? a multitude ( va9 b beautiful & pleas+ appe>ances4 ,h[ h ,i injur$ y1 9 mak+ y happy = ?ree or f\r days8 ,on ano!r occasion he rem>k$ t ,tasso's say+ ab\t a *ild induc$ to take 8 m$ic9e "u a false belief1 he is n\ri%$ on deception1 is equally applicable to all our race1 9 relation to ! errors 9 :i* man puts fai?4 ,bead+ ! foll[+ f ,cic]o's ,p>adoxes--,d pleasures make a p]son bett] or m e/imable8 ,is !re any "o :o boa/s ( ! pleasures he enjoys8 he said3 ,belov$ ,cic]o1 ,i _c say t pleasures make m5 9 ! pres5t day ei!r m e/imable or bett]2 b und\bt$ly !y cause !m to be m e/eem$4 ,= 9 ! pres5t day mo/ "y m5 seek e/eem by no o!r way ?an pleasure4 ,& n only d !y boa/ ( ^! pleasures :5 !y obta9 !m1 b !y d9 ! intellig5ce ( _! enjoym5t into ! e>s ( fri5ds & /rang]s1 will+ or unwill+4 ,!re are also _m pleasures :i* are eag]ly desir$ & s\ght aft]1 n z pleasures1 b = ! sake ( ! r5[n1 reputation1 & self-satisfaction t !y br+2 & v (t5 ^! latt] ?+s are appropriat$ :5 ! pleasures h nei!r be5 obta9$1 nor s\ght1 or else h be5 entirely imag9>y4 ,he not$ f ,arrian's ,hi/ory ( ! ,w>s ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 t at ! battle ( ,issus1 ,d>ius plac$ 8 ,greek m]c5>ies 9 ! van ( 8 army1 & ,alex&] 8 ,greeks at ! w+s4 ,he ?\ght t ?is fact alone 0 suffici5t to det]m9e ! result ( ! battle4 ,he nev] blam$ au?ors = writ+ mu* ab\t !mselves4 ,on ! contr>y1 he applaud$ !m = s do+1 & said t on su* occasions !y are ne>ly always eloqu5t1 & _! /yle1 ?\gh p]haps unusual & ev5 s+ul>1 is ord9>ily good & flu5t4 ,& ?is is n surpris+2 = writ]s treat+ ( !mselves h _! he>t & s\l 9 ! "w4 ,!y are at no loss :at to say2 _! subject & ! int]e/ !y take 9 x are jo9tly productive ( orig9al ?\ght4 ,!y conf9e !mselves to !mselves1 & d n dr9k at /range f\nta9s2 nor ne$ !y be commonplace & trite4 ,!re is no?+ to induce !m to g>ni% _! writ+ ) artificial ornam5tation1 or to affect an unnatural /yle4 ,& x is an egregi\s error to suppose t read]s are ord9>ily little int]e/$ 9 a writ]'s confessions4 ,= 9 ! fir/ place1 :5ev] a man relates 8 own exp]i5ces & ?\ghts simply & pleas+ly1 he succe$s 9 comm&+ att5tion4 ,secondly1 because 9 no way c we discuss & repres5t ! affairs ( o!rs m tru?fully & effectively ?an by treat+ ( our own affairs2 see+ t all m5 h some?+ 9 common1 ei!r naturally or by =ce ( circum/ances1 & t we are bett] able to illu/rate human nature 9 ourselves ?an 9 o!rs4 ,9 confirmation ( ^! op9ions1 he in/anc$ ,demo/h5es' ,oration = ! ,cr[n1 9 :i* ! speak]1 cont9ually ref]r+ to himself1 is surpass+ly eloqu5t4 ,& ,cic]o1 :5 he t\*es on 8 own affairs1 is equally successful2 peculi>ly s 9 8 ,oration = ,milo1 admirable ?r\gh\t1 b above all praise t[>ds ! end1 :]e he himself is introduc$4 ,bossuet also is supremely excell5t 9 8 panegyric ( ! ,pr9ce de ,cond1 :]e he m5tions 8 own extreme age & approa*+ dea?4 ,aga91 ! ,emp]or ,julian1 ^: writ+s are all else trifl+1 & (t5 unbe>able1 is at 8 be/ 9 ! ,misopogony 7spee* aga9/ ! be>d71 9 :i* he replies to ! ridicule & malice ( ! p ( ,antio*4 ,he is "h sc>cely inf]ior to ,lucian 9 wit1 vig\r1 & acut5ess2 :]eas 8 "w on ! ,cs>s1 pr(ess$ly an imitation ( ,lucian1 is po9tless1 dull1 feeble1 & almo/ /upid4 ,9 ,italian lit]ature1 :i* is almo/ devoid ( eloqu5t writ+s1 ! apology ( ,lor5zo de ,m$ici is a specim5 ( eloqu5ce1 gr& & p]fect 9 e way4 ,tasso also is (t5 eloqu5t :]e he speaks mu* ( himself1 & is ne>ly always excessively s 9 8 lett]s1 :i* are almo/ occupi$ ) 8 own affairs4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,_m o!r fam\s say+s ( ,ottoni]i are record$4 ,among/ !m is a reply he gave to a clev]1 well-read "y man1 :o knew little ( ! _w4 ,?is y\? said t he le>n$ daily "o hundr$ pages ( ! art ( self-gov]nm5t 9 society4 ,b1 rem>k$ ,ottoni]i1 ! book has five million pages4 ,ano!r y\?1 ^: ?\ghtless & impetu\s behavi\r con/antly got him into tr\ble1 us$ to excuse himself by say+ t life is a com$y4 ,may be1 repli$ ,ottoni]i1 b ev5 !n x is bett] = ! actor to ga9 applause ?an rebuke2 (t51 too1 ! ill-tra9$ or clumsy com$ian ends by dy+ ( />vation4 ,"o day he saw a murd]]1 :o 0 lame1 & c\ld n !re=e escape1 be+ c>ri$ (f by ! police4 ,see1 fri5ds1 he said1 ,ju/ice1 lame ?\gh %e be1 c br+ ! do] ( evil to acc\nt1 if he also be lame4 ,dur+ a j\rney ?r\gh ,italy he met a c\rti]1 :o1 desir\s ( act+ ! critic to ,ottoni]i1 began3 ,i w speak c&idly1 if y w all[ me4 ,i w li/5 att5tively1 said ! o!r1 =1 z a travell]1 ,i appreciate uncommon ?+s4 ,be+ 9 ne$ ( money1 he once ask$ a loan f a c]ta9 man1 :o1 excus+ himself on ! plea ( pov]ty1 add$ t 7 he ri*1 ! necessities ( 8 fri5ds w\ld be 8 fir/ ?\ght4 ,i %\ld be truly sorry 7 y to be/[ on u su* a valuable mom5t1 repli$ ,ottoni]i3 ,god grant y may nev] become ri*6 ,:5 "y1 he wrote "s v]ses1 us+ c]ta9 obsolete expressions4 ,at ! reque/ ( an old lady he recit$ !m to h]4 ,%e pr(ess$ ignorance ( _! mean+1 & said t 9 h] day su* words 7 n 9 use4 ,ottoni]i repli$3 ,i ?\ght !y might h be51 simply because !y are v anci5t4 ,( a c]ta9 v ri* mis] :o _h be5 robb$ ( a little money1 he said3 ,?is man behav$ 9 a mis]ly mann] ev5 to ?ieves4 ,he said ( a man :o _h a mania = calculat+ on e possible occasion3 ,o!r m5 make ?+s2 ?is fell[ c\nts !m4 ,be+ ask$ 8 op9ion ab\t a c]ta9 old t]ra-cotta figure ( ,jove1 ov] :i* "s antiqu>ies 7 disput+1 he said3 ,d y n see t x is a ,cretan ,jove8 ,( a fooli% fell[1 :o imag9$ himself to be an admirable reason]1 yet 0 illogical :5ev] he spoke two words1 he said3 ,?is p]son exemplifies ! ,greek def9ition ( man1 z a 'logical animal4' ,:5 on 8 dea?b$1 he compos$ ?is epitaph1 :i* 0 subsequ5tly engrav$ on 8 tomb3 ,,"h ,,lie ,,! ,,bones ,,( ,,philip ,,ottoni]i4 ,,born ,,= ,,virtue ,,& ,,glory1 ,,he ,,liv$ ,,idle ,,& ,,useless1 ,,& ,,di$ ,,9 ,,obscurity2 ,,n ,,)\t ,a ,,k ,,( ,,nature ,,& ,,8 ,,own ,,de/9y4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,*ri/oph] ,,columbus ,,& ,,pietro ,,guti]rez4 ,columbus4 ,a f9e night1 fri5d4 ,guti]rez4 ,f9e inde$2 b a sight ( l& w\ld be mu* f9]4 ,col4 ,decid$ly4 ,s ev5 y are tir$ ( a life at sea4 ,gut4 ,n s4 ,b ,i am r we>y ( ?is voyage1 :i* turns out to be s mu* long] ?an ,i expect$4 ,d n1 h[ev]1 ?9k t ,i blame y1 l ! o!rs4 ,r1 consid] t ,i w1 z hi!rto1 d all ,i c to help y 9 any?+ relat+ to ! voyage4 ,b j = ! sake ( "s talk ,i wi% y w\ld tell me c&idly & explicitly1 :e!r y are z confid5t z at fir/ ab\t f9d+ l& 9 ?is "p ( ! _w2 or if1 aft] sp5d+ s mu* "t to no purpose1 y beg9 at all to d\bt4 ,col4 ,speak+ frankly z to a fri5d :o w n betray me1 ,i confess ,i am a little dubi\s2 especially because c]ta9 evid5ces dur+ ! voyage1 :i* fill$ me ) hope1 h turn$ out deceitful2 = in/ance1 ! birds :i* flew ov] u f ! we/1 soon aft] we left ,gom]a1 & :i* ,i consid]$ a sure sign ( l& n f> di/ant4 ,simil>ly1 m ?an "o conjecture & anticipation1 made be=e sett+ out1 reg>d+ diff]5t ?+s t 7 to h tak5 place dur+ ! voyage1 h fail$ ( realisation4 ,s t at l5g? ,i _c b say to myself1 ,s9ce ^! pr$ictions 9 :i* ,i put ! utmo/ fai? h n be5 v]ifi$1 :y may n also my *ief conjecture1 t ( f9d+ l& beyond ! ocean1 be also unf\nd$8 ,x is true ?is belief ( m9e is s logical1 t if x be false1 on ! "o h& x w\ld seem z if no human judgm5t c\ld be reliable1 except su* z conc]n ?+s actually se51 & t\*$2 & on ! o!r h&1 ,i rememb] h[ seldom reality agrees ) expectation4 ,i ask myself1 ,:at gr\nd h y = believ+ t bo? hemisph]es resemble ea* o!r1 s t ! we/]n1 l ! ea/]n1 is "p l& & "p wat]8 ,:y may x n be "o imm5se sea8 ,or in/ead ( l& & wat]1 may x n conta9 "s o!r elem5t8 ,&1 suppos+ x to h l& & wat] l ! o!r1 :y may x n be un9habit$8 or ev5 un9habitable8 ,if x be peopl$ z num]\sly z our hemisph]e1 :at pro( h y t rational be+s are to be f\nd !re1 z 9 ours8 ,& if s1 :y n "s o!r intellig5t animals in/ead ( m58 ,suppos+ !y be m51 :y n ( a k9d v diff]5t f ^? y are acqua9t$ )2 = in/ance1 ) mu* l>g] bodies1 /rong]1 m skilful1 naturally gift$ ) mu* m g5ius & intellig5ce1 m civilis$1 & ri*] 9 sci5ces & arts8 ,^! ?\ghts occur to me4 ,& 9 tru?1 we see nature end[$ ) su* p[]1 s div]se & manifold 9 h] effects1 t we n only are unable to =m a c]ta9 op9ion ab\t h] works 9 di/ant & unkn[n p>ts ( ! _w1 b we may ev5 d\bt :e!r we d n deceive ourselves 9 draw+ conclusions f ! kn[n _w1 & apply+ !m to ! unkn[n4 ,nor w\ld x be contr>y to probability to imag9e t ! ?+s ( ! unkn[n _w1 9 :ole or "p1 7 /range & extraord9>y to u4 ,= d we n see ) our own eyes t ! ne$le 9 ^! seas falls away f ! ,pole ,/> n a little t[>ds ! we/8 ,su* a ?+ is p]fectly novel1 & hi!rto unhe>d ( by all navigators2 & ev5 aft] mu* ?\ght ,i c arrive at no satisfactory explanation ( x4 ,i d n inf] t ! fables ( ! anci5ts reg>d+ ! wond]s ( ! undiscov]$ _w & ?is ocean are at all cr$ible4 ,annonus1 = in/ance1 said ( ^! p>ts1 t ! nights 7 illum9$ by flames1 & ! gl[ ( fi]y torr5ts1 :i* empti$ !mselves into ! sea4 ,we obs]ve also1 h[ fooli% hi!rto h be5 all ! fe>s ( miracul\s & t]rible novelties felt by our fell[-sailors dur+ ! voyage2 z :51 on com+ to t /ret* ( seawe$1 :i* made z x 7 a mead[ 9 ! sea1 & imp$$ u s greatly1 !y imag9$ we _h rea*$ ! v]ge ( navigable wat]s4 ,i say ?is simply because ,i wi% y to see t al?\gh ?is idea ( m9e ab\t undiscov]$ l& may be f\nd$ on v reasonable suppositions1 9 :i* _m excell5t geograph]s1 a/ronom]s1 & navigators1 ) :om ,i conv]s$ on ! subject 9 ,spa91 ,italy1 & ,portugal1 agree ) me1 x might yet be fallaci\s4 ,9 %ort1 we (t5 see _m admirably drawn conclusions prove errone\s1 especially 9 matt]s ab\t :i* we h v little k4 ,gut4 ,s t 9 fact y h risk$ y\r own life1 & ! lives ( y\r companions1 on behalf ( a m]e possibility4 ,col4 ,i _c d5y x4 ,b1 ap>t f ! fact t m5 daily endang] _! lives = mu* frail] reasons1 & f> m trifl+ ?+s1 or ev5 )\t ?9k+ at all1 pray consid] a mom5t4 ,if y1 & ,i1 & all ( u 7 n n[ "h 9 ?is %ip1 9 ! middle ( ?is ocean1 9 ?is /range solitude1 unc]ta9 & haz>d\s ?\gh x be1 :at %\ld we be do+8 ,h[ %\ld we be occupi$8 ,h[ %\ld we be sp5d+ our "t8 ,m joyfully p]haps8 ,m probably1 9 great] tr\ble & difficulty2 or worse1 9 a /ate ( ennui8 ,= :at is impli$ 9 a /ate ( life free f unc]ta9ty & dang]8 ,if cont5tm5t & happ9ess1 x is pref]able to all o!rs2 if we>9ess & mis]y1 ,i "k no?+ s undesirable4 ,i d n wi% to m5tion ! glory & useful intellig5ce t we %all take back ) u1 if our ent]prise succe$1 z we hope4 ,if ! voyage be ( no o!r use to u1 x is v advantage\s1 inasmu* z x = a "t frees u f ennui1 ende>s life to u1 & enhances ! value ( _m ?+s t we %\ld n o!rwise e/eem4 ,y rememb] p]haps :at ! anci5ts say ab\t un=tunate lov]s4 ,^! us$ to ?r[ !mselves f ! rock ( ,/4 ,maur 7!n call$ ,leucadia7 into ! sea2 be+ rescu$ !refrom1 !y f\nd !mselves1 ?anks to ,apollo1 deliv]$ f _! love passion4 ,:e!r or n ?is be cr$ible1 ,i am q sure t ! lov]s1 hav+ escap$ _! dang]1 = a %ort "t ev5 )\t ,apollo's assi/ance1 lov$ ! life !y previ\sly hat$2 or lov$ & valu$ x increas$ly4 ,e voyage is1 9 my op9ion1 comp>able to ! leap f ! ,leucadian rock1 produc+ ! same useful results1 ?\gh ^! are ( a m durable k9d4 ,x is ord9>ily believ$ t sailors & soldi]s1 because incessantly 9 dang] ( _! lives1 value exi/5ce m lightly ?an o!r p4 ,= ! same reason1 ,i come to a contr>y conclusion1 & imag9e few p]sons hold life 9 su* high e/imation z soldi]s & sailors4 ,j z we c>e no?+ = _m b5efits z soon z we possess !m2 s sailors *]i% & value1 v greatly1 num]\s ?+s t are f> f be+ good1 simply because !y are depriv$ ( !m4 ,:o w\ld ?9k ( includ+ a little e>? 9 ! catalogue ( human b5efits8 ,none b navigators2 & especially su* z ourselves1 :o1 ow+ to ! unc]ta9 nature ( our voyage1 desire no?+ s mu* z ! sight ( a t9y piece ( l&4 ,?is is our fir/ ?\ght on awak+1 & our la/ be=e we fall asleep4 ,& if at "s future "t we *ance to see 9 ! di/ance ! peak ( a m\nta91 ! tops ( a =e/1 or "s su* evid5ce ( l&1 we %all sc>cely be able to conta9 ourselves = joy4 ,once on t]ra firma1 ! m]e consci\sness ( be+ free to g :]e we please w suffice to make u happy = sev]al days4 ,gut4 ,t is all v true2 & if y\r conjecture only prove to be z reasonable z y\r ju/ification ( x1 we %all n fail to enjoy ?is happ9ess soon] or lat]4 ,col4 ,p]sonally1 ,i ?9k we %all soon d s2 ?\gh ,i d>e n actually promise su* a ?+4 ,y "k we h = sev]al days be5 able to fa?om2 & ! quality ( ! matt] br\ght up by ! lead seems to me auspici\s4 ,! cl\ds ab\t ! sun t[>ds ev5+ are ( a diff]5t =m & col\r to :at !y 7 a few days ago4 ,! atmosph]e1 z y c feel1 is w>m] & s(t] ?an x 04 ,! w9d no long] bl[s ) ! same =ce1 nor 9 s /raight=w>d & unwav]+ a mann]2 x is incl9$ to be hesitat+ & *angeable1 z ?\gh brok5 by "s imp$im5t4 ,to ^! signs add t ( ! piece ( cane we discov]$ float+ 9 ! sea1 :i* bore m>ks ( hav+ be5 rec5tly sev]$2 & ! little bran* ( a tree ) fre% r$ b]ries on x2 besides1 ! sw>ms ( birds t pass ov] u1 ?\gh !y h deceiv$ me be=e1 are n[ s frequ5t & imm5se1 t ,i ?9k !re mu/ be "s special reason = _! appe>ance1 p>ticul>ly because we see among/ !m "s :i* d n resemble sea birds4 ,9 %ort1 all ^! om5s toge!r make me v hopeful & expectant1 h[ev] diffid5t ,i may pret5d to be4 ,gut4 ,god grant y\r surmises may be true4 ,,panegyric ,,( ,,birds4 ,amelio1 a lonely philosoph]1 0 seat$1 read+1 "o spr+ morn+ 9 ! %ade ( 8 c\ntry h\se4 ,be+ di/ract$ by ! songs ( ! birds 9 ! fields1 he gradually resign$ himself to li/5+ & ?9k+4 ,at l5g? he ?rew 8 book aside1 & tak+ up a p5 wrote z foll[s3-- ,birds are naturally ! mo/ joyful creatures 9 ! _w4 ,i d n say ?is because ( ! *e]ful influ5ce !y always ex]cise ov] u2 ,i mean t !y !mselves are m light-he>t$ & joyful ?an any o!r animal4 ,= we see o!r animals ord9>ily /olid & grave1 & _m ev5 seem melan*oly4 ,!y r>ely give signs ( joy1 & :5 !y d1 ^! are b slight & ( brief duration4 ,9 mo/ ( _! enjoym5ts & pleasures !y d n express any gratification4 ,! gre5 fields1 ext5sive & *>m+ l&scapes1 noble planets1 pure & sweet atmosph]e1 if ev5 a cause ( pleasure to !m1 d n excite 9 !m any joyful demon/rations2 save t on ! au?ority ( ,z5ophon1 h>es are said to skip & frolic ) delight :5 ! moon's radiance is at its brighte/4 ,birds1 on ! o!r h&1 %[ extreme joy1 bo? 9 motion & appe>ance2 & x is ! sight ( ?is evid5t disposition = enjoym5t on _! "p t gladd5s u z we wat* !m4 ,& ?is appe>ance mu/ n be reg>d$ z unreal & deceptive4 ,!y s+ to express ! happ9ess !y feel1 & ! happi] !y are1 ! m vigor\sly d !y s+4 ,& if1 z x is said1 !y s+ l\d] & m sweetly :5 9 love ?an at o!r times1 x is equally c]ta9 t o!r pleasures besides love incite !m to s+4 ,= we may notice !y w>ble m on a quiet & peaceful day1 ?an :5 ! day is d>k & unc]ta94 ,& 9 /ormy wea!r1 or :5 fright5$1 !y are sil5t2 b ! /orm pass$1 !y reappe>1 s++ & frolick+ ) "o ano!r4 ,aga91 !y s+ 9 ! morn+ :5 !y awake2 be+ p>tly incit$ to ?is by a feel+ ( joy = ! new day1 & p>tly by ! pleasure g5]ally felt by e animal :5 refre%$ & re/or$ by sleep4 ,!y also delight 9 gay foliage1 ri* valleys1 pure & sp>kl+ wat]1 & beautiful c\ntry4444 ,x is said t birds' voices are s(t] & sweet]1 & _! songs m ref9$1 ) u ?an among wild & uncivilis$ p4 ,?is be+ s1 x w\ld seem t birds are subject to ! influ5ce ( ! civilisation ) :i* !y associate4 ,:e!r or n ?is be true1 x is a rem>kable in/ance ( ! provid5ce ( nature t !y %\ld h capacity = flight1 z well z ! gift ( song1 s t _! voices might f a l(ty situation rea* a great] numb] ( auditors4 ,x is also provid5tial t ! air1 :i* is ! natural elem5t ( s\nd1 %\ld be inhabit$ by vocal & musical creatures4 ,truly ! s++ ( birds is a great solace & pleasure to u1 & all o!r animals4 ,?is fact is n1 ,i believe1 s mu* due to ! sweetness ( ! s\nds1 nor to _! v>iety & h>mony1 z to ! joyful signification ( songs g5]ally1 & ^? ( birds 9 p>ticul>4 ,birds laugh1 z x 71 to %[ _! cont5tm5t & happ9ess4 ,x may !re=e be said t !y p>take 9 a degree ( man's privilege ( laught]1 unpossess$ by o!r animals4 ,n[ "s p ?9k t man may z well be t]m$ a laugh+ animal1 z an animal possess$ ( m9d & reason2 = laught] seems to !m q z mu* peculi> to man z reason4 ,& x is c]ta9ly wond]ful t man1 ! mo/ wret*$ & mis]able ( all creatures1 %\ld h ! faculty ( laught]1 :i* is want+ 9 o!r animals4 ,m>vell\s also is ! use we make ( ?is faculty6 ,we see p suff]+ f "s t]rible calamity or m5tal di/ress1 o!rs :o h lo/ all love ( life1 & reg>d e human ?+ z full ( vanity1 :o are almo/ incapable ( joy1 & depriv$ ( hope1 laugh nev]!less4 ,inde$1 ! m su* m5 realise ! vanity ( hope1 & ! mis]y ( life1 ! few] _! expectations & pleasures1 s mu* ! m d !y feel incl9$ to laugh4 ,n[ x is sc>cely possible to expla9 or analyse ! nature ( laught] 9 g5]al1 & its connection ) ! human m9d4 ,p]haps x may aptly be t]m$ a species ( mom5t>y folly or delirium4 ,= m5 c h no reasonable & j cause = laught]1 because no?+ really satisfies nor truly pleases !m4 ,x w\ld be curi\s to discov] & trace out ! hi/ory ( ?is faculty4 ,!re is no d\bt t 9 man's primitive & wild /ate1 x 0 express$ by a peculi> gravity ( c\nt5ance1 z 9 o!r animals1 :o %[ x ev5 to ! ext5t ( melan*oly4 ,= ?is reason ,i imag9e t laught] n only came into ! _w aft] te>s1 :i* _c be que/ion$1 b t a long "t pass$ be=e x appe>$4 ,dur+ t "t1 nei!r ! "m greet$ h] *ild ) a smile1 nor did ! *ild smil+ly recognise h]1 z ,virgil says4 ,& ! reason :y1 9 ! pres5t day1 among civilis$ p1 *ildr5 smile z soon z !y are born1 is expla9able by virtue ( example3 !y see o!rs smile1 !re=e !y also smile4 ,x is probable t laught] orig9at$ 9 drunk5ness1#a ano!r peculi>ity ( ! human race4 ,?is vice is f> f be+ conf9$ to civilis$ nations1 = we "k t sc>cely any p c be f\nd t d n possess an intoxicat+ liquor ( "s k9d1 :i* !y indulge 9 to excess4 ,& ?is _c be wond]$ at1 :5 we rememb] t m51 ! mo/ unhappy ( all animals1 are above all pleas$ ) any?+ t easily ali5ates _! m9ds1 su* z self-=getfulness1 or a susp5sion ( _! usual life2 f :i* int]ruption & tempor>y dim9ution ( ! s5se & k ( _! peculi> evils !y receive no slight b5efit4 ,& :]eas savages h ord9>ily a sad & grave c\nt5ance1 yet1 :5 9 a /ate ( drunk5ness1 !y laugh immod]ately1 & talk & s+ incessantly1 contr>y to _! cu/om4 ,b ,i w discuss ?is matt] m 9 detail 9 a hi/ory ( laught] :i* ,i ?9k ( compos+4 ,hav+ discov]$ its orig91 ,i w trace its hi/ory & =tune to ! pres5t day1 :5 x is m valu$ ?an at any previ\s "t4 ,x occupies among civilis$ nations a place1 & fills an (fice some:at simil> to ! p>ts =m]ly play$ by virtue1 ju/ice1 hon\r1 & ! l1 (t5 inde$ fright5+ & det]r+ m5 f ! committal ( evil4 ,b to return to ! birds4 ,f ! effect _! s++ produces 9 me1 ,i conclude t ! sight & recognition ( joy 9 o!rs1 ( :i* we are n envi\s1 gratifies & rejoices u4 ,we may !re=e be grateful to ,nature = hav+ orda9$ t ! songs ( birds1 :i* are a demon/ration ( joy & a species ( laught]1 %\ld be 9 public1 diff]+ f ! private nature ( ! s++ & laught] ( m51 :o repres5t ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,& x is wisely decre$ t ! e>? & air %\ld be enliv5$ by creatures t seem to applaud univ]sal life ) ! joyful h>mony ( _! sweet voices1 & ?us incite o!r liv+ be+s to joy1 by _! cont9ual1 ?\gh false1 te/imony to ! happ9ess ( ?+s4 ,x is reasonable t birds %\ld be1 & %[ !mselves1 m joyful ?an o!r creatures4 ,=1 z ,i h said1 !y are naturally bett] adapt$ = joy & happ9ess4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 app>5tly1 !y are n subject to ennui4 ,!y *ange _! position mom5t>ily1 & pass f c\ntry to c\ntry1 h[ev] di/ant1 & f ! l[e/ regions ( ! air to ! highe/1 quickly & ) wond]ful ease4 ,life to !m is made up ( an inf9ite v>iety ( sights & exp]i5ces4 ,_! bodies are 9 a cont9u\s /ate ( activity1 & !y !mselves are full ( vital p[]4 ,all o!r animals1 _! wants be+ satisfi$1 love quietude & laz9ess2 none1 except fi%es & c]ta9 fly+ insects1 keep long 9 motion simply = amusem5t4 ,! savage1 = in/ance1 except to supply 8 daily wants1 :i* dem& little & brief ex]tion1 or :5 unable to hunt1 sc>cely /irs a /ep4 ,he loves idl5ess & tranquillity above ev]y?+1 & passes ne>ly ! :ole day sitt+ 9 sil5ce & indol5ce )9 8 rude cab91 or at its op5+1 or 9 "s rocky cave or place ( %elt]4 ,birds1 on ! contr>y1 v r>ely /ay long 9 "o place4 ,!y fly backw>ds & =w>ds )\t any necessity1 simply z a pa/ime1 & (t5 hav+ gone sev]al hundr$ miles away f ! c\ntry !y usually frequ5t1 !y return ?i!r ! same ev5+4 ,& ev5 = ! %ort "t !y are 9 "o place1 _! bodies are nev] /ill4 ,ev] turn+ "h & !re1 !y are always ei!r flock+ toge!r1 peck+1 or %ak+ !mselves1 or hopp+ ab\t 9 _! extraord9>ily vivaci\s & active maim]4 ,9 %ort1 f ! "t a bird bur/s its %ell until x dies1 save int]vals ( sleep1 x is nev] /ill = a mom5t4 ,f ^! consid]ations x may reasonably be affirm$ t :]eas ! normal /ate ( animals1 includ+ ev5 man1 is quietude1 t ( birds is motion4 ,we f9d also t birds are s end[$ t _! natural qualities h>monise ) ! ext]ior qualities & conditions ( _! life2 ?is aga9 makes !m bett] adapt$ = happ9ess ?an o!r animals4 ,!y h rem>kably acute p[]s ( he>+1 & a faculty ( vision almo/ inconceivably p]fect4 ,ow+ to ?is la/ !y c disc]n simultane\sly a va/ ext5t ( c\ntry1 & are daily *>m$ by spectacles ! mo/ imm5se & v>i$4 ,f ^! ?+s x may be inf]r$ t birds ought to possess an imag9ation1 vivid & p[]ful 9 ! highe/ degree14 ,n ! ard5t & /ormy imag9ation ( ,dante or ,tasso2 = ?is is a disa/r\s end[m5t1 & ! cause ( endless anxieties & suff]+s4 ,b a f]tile1 light1 & *ildi% fancy1 su* z is productive ( joyful ?\ghts1 sweet unrealities1 & manifold pleasures4 ,?is is ! noble/ gift ( ,nature to liv+ creatures4 ,& birds h ?is faculty 9 a great measure = _! own delight & b5efit1 )\t exp]i5c+ any ( its hurtful & pa9ful consequ5ces4 ,= _! prolific imag9ation1 z ) *ildr51 comb9es1 ) _! bodily vig\r1 to r5d] !m happy & cont5t$1 in/ead ( be+ injuri\s1 & productive ( mis]y1 z ) mo/ m54 ,?us1 birds may be said to resemble *ildr5 equally 9 _! vivacity & re/lessness1 & ! o!r attributes ( _! nature4 ,if ! advantages ( *ildhood 7 common to o!r ages1 & its evils n exce$$ lat] 9 life1 man might p]haps be bett] able to be> pati5tly ! burd5 ( exi/5ce4 ,to me x seems t ! nature ( birds1 consid]$ aright1 is manife/ly m p]fect ?an t ( o!r animals4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 birds are sup]ior to o!r animals 9 sight & he>+1 :i* are ! pr9cipal s5ses ( life4 ,9 ! second place1 birds naturally pref] motion to re/1 :]eas o!r creatures h ! contr>y pref]5ce4 ,& s9ce activity is a m liv+ ?+ ?an repose1 birds may be said to h m life ?an o!r animals4 ,x foll[s !re=e t birds are physically1 & 9 ! ex]cise ( _! faculties1 sup]ior to o!r creatures4 ,n[1 if life be bett] ?an its contr>y1 ! full] & m p]fect ! life1 z ) birds1 ! great] is ! sup]iority ( creatures possess+ x1 ov] less end[$ animals4 ,we mu/ n =get also t birds are adapt$ to be> great atmosph]ic *anges4 ,(t5 !y rise in/antane\sly f ! gr\nd f> up into ! air1 :]e ! cold is extreme2 & o!rs 9 _! travels fly ?r\gh _m diff]5t climates4 ,9 %ort1 j z ,anacreon wi%$ to be *ang$ into a mirror t he might be cont9ually reg>d$ by ! mi/ress ( 8 he>t1 or into a robe t he might cov] h]1 or balm to ano9t h]1 or wat] to wa% h]1 or b&s t %e might draw him to h] bosom1 or a pe>l to be worn on h] neck1 or %oes t %e might at lea/ press him ) h] feet2 s ,i %\ld l tempor>ily to be trans=m$ into a bird1 9 ord] to exp]i5ce _! cont5tm5t & joyfulness ( life4 ,footnote #a3 ,comp>e ,%akespe>e's ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,"p #b1 ,act #d1 sc4 #c4 ,fal/aff3 444 nor a man _c make him laugh2--b t's no m>vel1 he dr9ks no w9e4 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,wild ,,cock4 ,c]ta9 ,hebrew savants & writ]s affirm1 t betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 or r1 p>tly 9 "o & p>tly on ! o!r1 lives a wild cock :i* /&s ) its feet re/+ on ! e>?1 & t\*+ ! sky ) its cre/ & beak4 ,?is gigantic cock1 besides possess+ o!r peculi>ities m5tion$ by ^! writ]s1 has ! use ( reason2 or else1 l a p>rot1 x has be5 taught1 ,i "k n by :om1 to express itself 9 human fa%ion4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 an old p>*m5t manuscript has be5 discov]$1 conta9+ a canticle writt5 9 ,hebrew *>act]s1 & 9 a language comp\nd$ ( ,*aldean1 ,t>gumic1 ,rabb9ical1 ,cabali/ic & ,talmudic1 entitl$ ,morn+ ,song ( ! ,wild ,cock4 7,scir det>negl b>a letzafra47 ,?is1 n )\t great ex]tion1 & ! int]rogation ( m ?an "o ,rabbi1 ,cabali/1 !ologian1 juri/1 & ,hebrew philosoph]1 has be5 int]pret$ & translat$ z foll[s4 ,i h n yet be5 able to asc]ta9 :e!r ?is song is /ill utt]$ by ! cock on c]ta9 occasions1 or e morn+1 or :e!r x 0 sung b once1 or :o is said to h he>d x1 or if ?is language be ! prop] tongue ( ! cock1 or :e!r ! canticle 0 translat$ f "s o!r language4 ,9 ! foll[+ translation ,i h us$ prose r ?an v]se1 al?\gh x is a poem1 9 ord] to ensure z lit]al a r5d]+ z possible4 ,! brok5 /yle & occasional bomba/ mu/ n be imput$ to me1 = x is a reproduction ( ! orig9al2 & 9 ?is respect ! composition p>takes ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,ori5tal languages1 & especially ( ,ori5tal poems4 ,mortals1 awake6 ,! day breaks2 tru? returns to ! e>? & va9 fancies flee away4 ,arise2 take up aga9 ! burd5 ( life2 =sake ! false _w = ! true4 ,n[ is ! "t :5 ea* "o takes aga9 to 8 m9d all ! ?\ghts ( 8 real life4 ,he recalls to memory 8 int5tions1 aims1 & lab\rs2 & ?9ks ( ! pleasures & c>es t mu/ occur dur+ ! new day4 ,& e "o at ?is "t eag]ly seeks to discov] 9 8 m9d joyful hopes & sweet ?\ghts4 ,few1 h[ev]1 are satisfi$ 9 ?is desire2 = all m5 x is a mis=tune to awake4 ,! mis]able man is no soon] ar\s$ ?an he falls aga9 into ! clut*es ( 8 unhapp9ess4 ,v sweet a ?+ is t sleep induc$ by joy or hope4 ,^! pres]ve !mselves 9 _! entirety until ! foll[+ morn+1 :5 !y ei!r vani% or decrease 9 =ce4 ,if ! sleep ( mortals 7 cont9u\s & id5tical ) life2 if "u ! /> ( day all liv+ be+s langui%$ on ! e>? 9 utt] re/1 & no "w 0 wr\ght2 if ! ox5 ceas$ bell[+ 9 ! mead[s1 ! bea/s ro>+ 9 ! =e/s1 ! birds s++ 9 ! air1 ! bees buzz+1 & ! butt]flies skimm+ ov] ! fields2 if no voice nor motion except-t ( ! wat]s1 w9ds1 & tempe/s any:]e exi/$1 ! univ]se w\ld inde$ be useless2 b w\ld !re be less happ9ess or m mis]y ?an !re is to-day8 ,i ask ( !e1 ,o ,sun1 au?or ( day1 & gu>dian ( eve2 9 ! c\rse ( ! c5turies measur$ out & consummat$ by !e1 ?us ris+ & sett+1 ha/ ?\ ev] at any "t se5 "o liv+ be+ possess$ ( happ9ess8 ,( ! numb]less works ( mortals :i* hi!rto ?\ ha/ se51 ?9ke/ ?\ t a s+le "o 0 successful 9 its aim ( procur+ satisfaction1 durable or tempor>y1 = its orig9ator8 ,& see/ ?\1 or ha/ ?\ ev] se51 happ9ess )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! _w8 ,:]e does x dwell8 ,9 :at c\ntry1 =e/1 m\nta91 or valley2 9 :at l&1 inhabit$ or un9habit$2 9 :i* planet ( ! _m t ?y flames illum9e & *]i%8 ,does x p]*ance hide f !e 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 or ! dep?s ( ! sea8 ,:at liv+ be+1 :at plant1 or o!r ?+ animat$ by !e1 :at vegetable or animal p>ticipates 9 x8 ,& ?\ ?yself1 l an indefatigable giant1 trav]s+ swiftly1 day & night1 sleepless & re/less1 ! va/ c\rse prescrib$ to !e2 art ?\ cont5t or happy8 ,mortals1 ar\se y\rselves6 ,n yet are y free f life4 ,! "t w come :5 no et]nal =ce1 no int]nal agitation1 %all awak5 y f ! repose ( sleep1 9 :i* y %all ev] & insatiably re/4 ,= ! pres5t1 dea? is n grant$ to y2 only f "t to "t y are p]mitt$ to ta/e briefly its resemblance1 because life w\ld fail 7 x n (t5 susp5d$4 ,too long ab/5tion f ?is %ort & fleet+ sleep is a fatal evil1 & causes et]nal sleep4 ,su* ?+ is life1 t to secure its cont9uance x mu/ f "t to "t be laid aside2 man !n 9 sleep refre%es himself ) a ta/e1 &1 z x 71 a fragm5t ( dea?4 ,x seems z ?\gh dea? 7 ! ess5tial aim ( all ?+s4 ,t :i* has no exi/5ce _c die2 yet all t exi/s has proce$$ f no?+4 ,! f9al cause ( exi/5ce is n happ9ess1 = no?+ is happy4 ,x is true1 liv+ creatures seek ?is end 9 all _! works1 b none obta9 x2 & dur+ all _! life1 ev] deceiv+1 torm5t+1 & ex]t+ !mselves1 !y suff] inde$ = no o!r purpose ?an to die4 ,! e>lie/ "p ( ! day is ord9>ily ! mo/ be>able = liv+ be+s4 ,few1 :5 !y awake1 f9d aga9 9 _! m9ds delightful & joyful ?\ghts1 b almo/ all p give bir? to !m = ! "t be+4 ,= !n ! m9ds ( m51 be+ free f any special conc5tration1 are pr$ispos$ to joy fulness1 & incl9$ to be> evils m pati5tly ?an at o!r times4 ,?us a man :o falls asleep 9 ! angui% ( despair is fill$ anew ) hope :5 he awakes1 ?\gh x c pr(it him no?+1 ,_m mis=tunes & peculi> h>d%ips1 _m causes ( fe> & di/ress1 !n seem less =midable ?an !y appe>$ ! previ\s ev5+4 ,(t51 also1 ! pangs ( ye/]day are rememb]$ ) contempt1 & are ridicul$ z follies & va9 fancies4 ,! ev5+ is comp>able to old age2 & on ! o!r h&1 ! dawn ( ! morn+ resembles y\?2 ! "o full ( com=t & hope1 & !n sad ev5+ ) its disc\ragem5t & t5d5cies to look on ! d>k side ( ?+s4 ,b1 j z ! "t ( y\? 9 life is v %ort & fleet+1 s is ! infancy ( ea* new day1 :i* quickly ages t[>ds its ev5+4 ,y\?1 if inde$ x be ! be/ ( life1 is a v wret*$ ?+4 ,yet ev5 ?is poor b5efit is s soon ov]1 t :5 by _m signs man is l$ to p]ceive ! decl9e ( 8 exi/5ce1 he has sc>cely exp]i5c$ its p]fection1 or fully realis$ its peculi> /r5g?1 :i*1 once dim9i%$1 ! be/ "p ( life is gone ) e race ( mortals4 ,?us1 9 all h] works1 ,nature turns & po9ts t[>ds dea?3 = old age reigns univ]sally4 ,e "p ( ! _w ha/5s untir+ly2 ) dilig5ce & wond]ful cel]ity1 t[>ds dea?4 ,! _w itself alone seems exempt f decay2 = al?\gh 9 autumn & w9t] x appe>s z x 7 sick & ag$1 nev]!less 9 ! spr+ x ev] rejuv5ates4 ,b j z mortals 9 ! fir/ "p ( ea* day rega9 "s portion ( _! y\?1 yet gr[ old z ! day progresses1 & are at l5g? ext+ui%$ 9 sleep2 s al?\gh 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> ! _w becomes "y aga91 none ! less x p]petually ages4 ,! "t w come :5 ?is _w1 & ,nature h]self1 %all die4 ,& z at ! pres5t day !re rema9s no trace nor record ( _m v great k+doms & empires1 s 9 ! :ole _w !re %all n he left a ve/ige ( ! inf9ite *anges & cata/rophes ( creat$ ?+s4 ,a nak$ sil5ce & an utt] calm %all fill ! va/ space4 ,?us1 ?is wond]ful & fe>ful my/]y ( univ]sal exi/5ce %all be unloos$1 & %all melt away be=e x be made manife/ or be compreh5d$4#a ,footnote #a3 ,?is is a poetical n philosophical conclusion4 ,speak+ philosophically1 exi/5ce1 :i* has _h no beg9n+1 w h no end+4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,tim&ro ,,& ,,ele&ro4 ,tim&ro4 ,i am v anxi\s to h "s conv]sation ) y4 ,x is ab\t ! matt] & t5d5cy ( y\r writ+s & words1 :i* seem to me mo/ blamable4 ,me&ro4 ,s long z y f9d no fault ) my actions1 ,i confess ,i d n mu* c>e2 because words & writ+s are ( little consequ5ce4 ,tim4 ,!re is no?+ 9 y\r actions1 z f> z ,i c see1 = :i* ,i ne$ blame y4 ,i am aw>e t y b5efit no "o because y _c d s1 & ,i obs]ve t y injure no "o because y are unwill+ to d s4 ,b ,i consid] y\r spee* & writ+s v repreh5sible1 & ,i d n agree ) y t !y are ( little importance4 ,our life may almo/ be said to consi/ ( no?+ else4 ,= ! pres5t we w disreg>d ! words1 & simply consid] ! writ+s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! incessant vitup]ation & cont9u\s satire t y be/[ on ! human race are out ( fa%ion4 ,mean4 ,my bra9 also is out ( fa%ion4 ,x is q natural = a *ild to resemble its fa!r4 ,tim4 ,!n y mu/ n be surpris$ if y\r books1 l ev]y?+ contr>y to ! cu/om ( ! day1 are ill receiv$4 ,mean4 ,t is a small mis=tune4 ,!y 7 n writt5 = ! purpose ( begg+ a little bread at ! doors ( ! ri*4 8 ,tim4 ,=ty or fifty ye>s ago1 philosoph]s us$ to say h>d ?+s ab\t ! human race1 b n[ !y d j ! contr>y4 ,mean4 ,d y believe t =ty or fifty ye>s ago ! philosoph]s 7 "r or wrong 9 _! /atem5ts8 ,tim4 ,m (t5 "r ?an wrong4 ,mean4 ,d y ?9k t 9 ^! =ty or fifty ye>s ! human race has *ang$ to ! opposite ( :at x !n 08 ,tim4 ,n at all4 ,b t has no?+ to d ) ! "q4 ,elean4 ,:y n8 ,has humanity progress$ 9 /r5g? & p]fection1 t ! writ]s ( to-day %\ld be con/ra9$ to flatt]1 & compell$ to rev]5ce x8 ,tim4 ,:at h su* pleasantries to d ) s grave a matt]8 ,elean4 ,!n s]i\sly4 ,i am n unaw>e t ! p ( ?is c5tury1 al?\gh cont9u+ to ill-treat _! fell[-m5 z _! ance/ors did1 h yet a v high op9ion ( !mselves1 su* z m5 ( ! pa/ c5tury did n possess4 ,b ,i1 :o ill-treat no "o1 d n see t ,i am oblig$ to speak well ( o!rs aga9/ my consci5ce4 ,tim4 ,y mu/1 h[ev]1 l all m51 endeav\r to s]ve y\r race4 ,elean4 ,if my race1 on ! contr>y1 does its be/ to injure me1 ,i d n see t ?is obligation holds1 z y say4 ,b suppos+ y are "r1 :at ought ,i to d1 if ,i _c be useful to my race8 ,tim4 ,by actions1 p]haps1 y may be unable to be ( mu* use4 ,su* p[] is 9 ! h&s ( b few p4 ,b by y\r writ+s y c1 & inde$ ought to s]ve x4 ,& ! race is n b5efit$ by books :i* sn>l incessantly at m5 9 g5]al4 ,su* behavi\r is1 on ! contr>y1 extremely injuri\s4 ,elean4 ,i admit t x does no good1 b ,i also imag9e x does no h>m4 ,d y1 h[ev]1 ?9k books are able to help ! human race8 ,tim4 ,n ,i only1 b all ! _w ?9k s4 ,elean4 ,:at k9d ( books8 ,tim4 ,_m k9ds2 b especially books treat+ ( morals4 ,elean4 ,all ! _w does n ?9k s1 because ,i1 among/ o!rs1 d n1 z a woman once said to ,socrates4 ,if books ( morals c\ld be useful to m51 ,i %\ld place poetry above all o!rs4 ,i use ! ^w poetry 9 its wide/ s5se1 z includ+ all writ+s1 ! aim ( :i* is to excite ! imag9ation1 :e!r 9 prose or v]se4 ,n[ ,i hold 9 little e/eem t sort ( poetry :i*1 :5 read & m$itat$ ov]1 does n leave 9 ! m9d ( ! read] a suffici5tly elevat+ s5tim5t to det] him = half an h\r f giv+ way to a s+le base ?\ght or unwor?y action4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! read] commits1 = example1 a brea* ( fai? t[>ds 8 be/ fri5d an h\r aft] su* read+1 ,i d n condemn ! poetry = t1 because !n ! f9e/1 mo/ /irr+1 & noble/ poetry ! _w possesses w\ld come "u condemnation4 ,exceptions to ?is influ5ce are read]s :o live 9 great cities4 ,^! p1 h[ev] great _! conc5tration1 _c =get !mselves = ev5 half an h\r1 nor are !y mu* pleas$1 or mov$1 by any sort ( poetry4 ,tim4 ,y speak1 z usual1 malici\sly1 & s z to leave an impression t y are habitually ill-treat$ by o!rs4 ,?is1 9 mo/ in/ances1 is ! true cause ( ! ill-hum\r & contempt exhibit$ by c]ta9 p t[>ds _! race4 ,elean4 ,inde$1 ,i _c say t m5 h treat$1 or d treat me v well4 ,if ,i c\ld say s1 ,i imag9e ,i %\ld be unique 9 my exp]i5ce4 ,b nei!r h !y done me any s]i\s h>m1 because 9 dem&+ no?+ f m51 & hav+ no?+ 9 common ) !m1 ,i sc>cely give !m a *ance ( (f5d+ me4 ,i mu/ confess1 h[ev]1 t recognis+ cle>ly1 z ,i d1 h[ ignorant ,i am ( ! simple/ means ( mak+ myself agreeable to o!rs1 bo? 9 conv]sation & ! daily int]c\rse ( life1 :e!r f a natural defect or fault ( my own1 ,i %\ld e/eem m5 less if !y treat$ me bett]4 ,tim4 ,!n y are s mu* ! m to blame4 ,=1 _h y ev5 a mi/ak5 gr\nd ( compla9t1 y\r hatr$ & desire = rev5ge aga9/ m5 w\ld be 9 a measure ju/ifiable4 ,b y\r hatr$1 f :at y say1 is bas$ on no?+ 9 p>ticul>1 except p]haps an extraord9>y & wret*$ ambition ( becom+ fam\s z a misan?rope l ,timon--a desire abom9able 9 itself1 & especially out ( place 9 a c5tury l ! pres5t1 s peculi>ly devot$ to philan?ropy4 ,elean4 ,i ne$ n reply to y\r rem>k ab\t ambition1 because ,i h already said t ,i want no?+ f m54 ,does t seem incr$ible to y8 ,y w at lea/ grant t x is n ambition :i* urges me to write books1 su* z on y\r own %[+ are m likely to br+ me reproa*es ?an glory4 ,besides1 ,i am s f> f hat+ ! human race1 t ,i nei!r c nor wi% to hate ev5 ^? :o p>ticul>ly (f5d me4 ,inde$1 ! fact t hatr$ is s completely =eign to me1 goes f> to expla9 my inability to d z o!r m5 d4 ,b ,i _c *ange ?is1 because ,i always ?9k t :5ev] a man displeases or injures ano!r1 he does s 9 ! hope ( procur+ "s pleasure or advantage = himself4 ,8 aim is n to injure o!rs 7:i* c nev] be ! motive ( any action1 nor ! object ( any ?\ght71 b to b5efit himself1--a natural desire1 & undes]v+ ( odium4 ,aga91 :5ev] ,i notice a p>ticul> vice or fault 9 my neighb\r1 ,i c>efully exam9e myself1 & z f> z circum/ances w all[1 ,i put myself 9 8 place4 ,!reupon ,i inv>iably f9d t ,i %\ld h done ! same z he1 & be5 guilty ( ! same faults4 ,consequ5tly my m9d loses :at irritation x previ\sly felt4 ,i res]ve my wra? = occasions :5 ,i might see "s wick$ness ( :i* my nature is incapable2 b s f> ,i h nev] met ) su* a case4 ,f9ally1 ! ?\ght ( ! vanity ( human ?+s is s con/antly 9 my m9d t ,i am unable to excite myself ab\t any "o ( !m4 ,hatr$ & ang] seem to me great & /rong passions1 out ( h>mony ) ! insignificance ( life4 ,?us y see !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ,timon & myself4 ,timon hat$ & %unn$ all m5 except ,alcibiades1 = :om he res]v$ all 8 affection1 because he saw 9 him ! initiator ( innum]able evils = _! common c\ntry4 ,i1 on ! o!r h&1 )\t hat+ ,alcibiades1 w\ld h especially avoid$ him4 ,i w\ld h w>n$ my fell[-citiz5s ( _! dang]1 exhort+ !m at ! same "t to take ! requisite /eps to pres]ve !mselves f x4 ,"s say t ,timon did n hate m51 b bea/s 9 ! lik5ess ( m54 ,z = me1 ,i nei!r hate m5 nor bea/s4 ,tim4 ,nor d y love any "o4 ,mean4 ,li/51 my fri5d4 ,i am born to love4 ,i h lov$2 & p]haps ) z deep a passion z is possible = human s\l to feel4 ,to-day1 al?\gh1 z y see1 ,i am n suffici5tly old to be naturally devoid ( passion1 nor ev5 ( a lukew>m age1 ,i am n a%am$ to say t ,i love no "o except myself1 by ! necessity ( nature1 & t z little z possible4 ,nev]!less1 ,i w\ld always r be> suff]+ myself ?an be ! cause ( x to o!rs4 ,i believe y c be> witness to ! tru? ( ?is1 little z y "k ab\t my habits4 ,tim4 ,i d n d5y x4 ,mean4 ,i try to procure = m51 ev5 at my own exp5se1 t greate/ possible good1 :i* alone ,i seek = myself1 viz41 a /ate ( fre$om f suff]+4 ,tim4 ,b d y di/9ctly confess t y d n love ! human race 9 g5]al8 ,elean4 ,yes1 absolutely4 ,b 9 su* a way t if x dep5d$ on me1 ,i w\ld puni% ^? :o des]v$ puni%m5t1 )\t hat+ !m1 z also ,i w\ld b5efit my race to ! utmo/1 al?\gh ,i d n love x4 ,tim4 ,well1 x may be s4 ,b !n1 if y are n incit$ by injuries receiv$1 nor by hatr$1 nor ambition1 :y d y write 9 su* a mann]8 ,mean4 ,= _m reasons4 ,fir/1 because ,i _c tol]ate deceit & dissimulation4 ,i may sometimes h to give way to ^! 9 conv]sation1 b nev] 9 my writ+s2 because ,i am (t5 oblig$ to speak unwill+ly1 b ,i nev] write unless ,i please4 ,i %\ld d]ive no satisfaction f puzzl+ my bra9s1 & express+ ! result on pap]1 unless ,i c\ld write :at ,i really ?9k4 ,all s5sible p laugh at ^? :o n[-a-days write ,lat91 because no "o speaks1 & few und]/&1 ! language4 ,i ?9k x is equally absurd to take = grant$1 :e!r 9 conv]sation or writ+1 ! reality ( c]ta9 human qualities no long] extant1 & ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 rational be+s1 =m]ly consid]$ z div9ities1 b n[ really reg>d$ z non-exi/5t equally by ^? :o m5tion !m1 & ^? :o he> !m m5tion$4 ,i c\ld und]/& m5 us+ masks & disguises 9 ord] to deceive o!r m51 or to avoid be+ recognis$4 ,b x seems *ildi% = !m all to conceal !mselves beh9d ! same k9d ( mask1 & use ! same disguise1 :]eby !y deceive no "o1 b recognise ea* o!r p]fectly1 9 spite ( x4 ,let !m lay aside _! masks1 & reta9 m]ely _! clo!s4 ,! effect w be precisely ! same1 & !y w be m at ease4 ,besides1 ?is p]petual simulation1 ?\gh useless1 & ?is et]nal act+ ( a "p betwe5 :i* & oneself !re is no?+ 9 common1 _c be c>ri$ on )\t fatigue & we>9ess4 ,if m5 _h pass$ sudd5ly1 in/ead ( gradually1 f ! savage condition to _! pres5t /ate ( civilisation1 w\ld ! names ( ! ?+s j m5tion$ be f\nd 9 g5]al usage1 ) ! cu/om ( d$uc+ f !m a ?\s& philosophical conclusions8 ,9 tru?1 ?is cu/om seems to me l "o ( ^? c]emonies & anci5t practices s incompatible ) our pres5t habits1 :i* nev]!less cont9ue to exi/ by =ce ( usage4 ,i = my "p _c submit to ^! c]emonies2 & ,i write 9 ! language ( mod]n times1 n t ( ! ,trojan era4 ,9 ! second place1 ,i d n s mu*1 9 my writ+s1 f9d fault ) ! human race1 z grieve ov] its de/9y4 ,!re is no?+ ,i ?9k m cle> & palpable ?an ! necess>y unhapp9ess ( all liv+ be+s4 ,if ?is unhapp9ess be n a fact1 !n all my argum5ts are wrong1 & we may ab&on ! discussion4 ,if x be true1 :y may ,i n lam5t op5ly & freely1 & say t ,i suff]8 ,d\btless1 if ,i did no?+ b weep incessantly 7?is is ! ?ird cause :i* moves me71 ,i %\ld become a nuisance to o!rs z well z myself1 )\t pr(it+ any "o4 ,b 9 laugh+ at our mis=tunes1 we d mu* to rem$y !m4 ,i endeav\r !re=e to p]suade o!rs to pr(it 9 ?is way1 z ,i h done4 ,:e!r ,i succe$ or n1 ,i feel assur$ t su* laught] is ! only solace & rem$y t c be f\nd4 ,! poets say t despair has always a smile on its lips4 ,b y mu/ n ?9k t ,i am devoid ( compassion = ! unhapp9ess ( humanity4 ,its condition is incurable by art1 indu/ry1 or any?+ else1 !re=e ,i consid] x f> m manly & consi/5t ) a magnanim\s despair to laugh at our common woes1 ?an to sigh1 weep1 & moan ) o!rs1 !reby enc\rag+ !m 9 _! lam5tations4 ,la/ly1 p]mit me to say t ,i desire z mu* z y1 or any "o else1 ! welf>e ( my race 9 g5]al1 b ,i am hopeless ( its atta9m5t2 nor c ,i1 l s _m philosoph]s ( ?is c5tury1 n\ri% & soo! my m9d ) anticipations ( good4 ,my despair is absolute1 un*angeable1 & s bas$ on firm judgm5t & conviction1 t ,i _c imag9e su* a ?+ z a joy\s future1 nor c ,i und]take any?+ ) ! hope ( br++ x to completion4 ,& y are well aw>e t man is nev] incl9$ to attempt :at he kn[s or ?9ks _c succe$2 or if he does1 he acts feebly & )\t confid5ce4 ,simil>ly a writ]1 :o expresses himself contr>y to 8 real op9ion1 ?\gh ?is be errone\s1 utt]s no?+ wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,tim4 ,b :5 8 judgm5t is1 l y\rs1 a false "o1 he %\ld rectify x4 ,elean4 ,my judgm5t is ( myself alone1 & ,i am q sure ,i d n err 9 ann\nc+ my unhapp9ess4 ,if o!r m5 are happy1 ,i congratulate !m ) all my he>t4 ,i "k also t dea? alone c deliv] me f my mis=tune4 ,if o!rs are m hopeful1 ,i rejoice once aga94 ,tim4 ,we are all unhappy1 & h always be5 s4 ,i sc>cely ?9k y c take cr$it = ! novelty ( y\r idea4 ,b man's pres5t condition1 sup]ior z x is to 8 pa/1 w be greatly improv$ 9 ! future4 ,y =get1 or seem to disreg>d ! fact1 t man is p]fectible4 ,elean4 ,p]fectible he may be4 ,b t he is capable ( p]fection1 :i* is ( m importance1 ,i "k n :o c conv9ce me4 ,tim4 ,he has n yet _h "t to rea* p]fection4 ,ultimately he w no d\bt atta9 to x4 ,elean4 ,i d n d\bt x4 ,! few ye>s t h pass$ s9ce ! _w began are1 ,i agree ) y1 q insuffici5t to complete our education4 ,we _c judge f :at seem to u ! nature & capabilities ( man4 ,besides1 humanity hi!rto has be5 too occupi$ ) o!r bus9ess to give itself up to ! task ( atta9+ p]fection4 ,b 9 future all its endeav\rs w be t[>ds ?is "o aim4 ,tim4 ,yes1 ! :ole civilis$ _w is work+ zeal\sly t[>ds ?is end4 ,&1 tak+ into consid]ation ! numb] & suffici5cy ( ! means employ$1 :i* h inde$ rec5tly increas$ 9 an a/\nd+ mann]1 we h e reason to ?9k t ! goal w be rea*$1 soon] or lat]4 ,?is conviction itself is by no means "o ( ! lea/ /imulants to progress1 because x gives bir? to a ho/ ( und]tak+s & lab\rs useful = ! common welf>e4 ,if1 !n1 at any "t x 0 fatal & blmable to manife/ despair l y\rs1 & to tea* m5 su* doctr9es z ! absolute necessity ( _! wret*$ness1 ! vanity ( life1 ! insignificance ( _! race1 & ! evil ( _! nature1 mu* m is x s 9 ! pres5t day4 ,su* conduct c only result 9 depriv+ u ( c\rage1 & t feel+ ( self-e/eem :i* is ! f\ndation ( an hone/1 useful1 & glori\s life2 x w also div]t u f ! pa? ( our own welf>e4 ,elean4 ,k9dly say di/9ctly1 :e!r or n y reg>d z true :at ,i h said ab\t ! unhapp9ess ( mank9d4 ,tim4 ,y return to y\r old argum5t4 ,well1 suppos+ ,i admit ! tru? ( :at y say1 h[ does t alt] ! matt]8 ,i w\ld rem9d y t x is n always well to prea* tru? simply because x is tru?4 ,elean4 ,answ] me ano!r "q4 ,are ^! tru?s1 :i* ,i m]ely express1 )\t any pret5ce ( prea*+1 ( prim>y or second>y importance 9 philosophy8 ,tim4 ,9 my op9ion !y are ! v ess5ce ( all philosophy4 ,elean4 ,9 t case1 !y greatly deceive !mselves :o affirm t man's p]fection consi/s 9 complete k ( ! tru?2 t 8 mis=tunes are ! consequ5ce ( 8 ignorance & prejudices2 & t ! human race w be happy :5 m5 h discov]$ ! tru?1 & con=m _! lives to its tea*+4 ,yet su* doctr9es are taught by mo/ philosoph]s1 anci5t & mod]n4 ,b y are ( op9ion t ^! tru?s1 ?\gh confess$ly ! sub/ance ( all philosophy1 ought to be conceal$ f ! majority ( m54 ,y w\ld r t !y 7 unkn[n or disreg>d$ by all m51 because ( ! baneful influ5ce !y ex]cise ov] ! m9d4 ,& ?is is equival5t to an admission t philosophy ought to be bani%$ f ! e>?4 ,i grant y1 h[ev]1 t ! f9al conclusion to be drawn f true & p]fect philosophy is t x 7 bett] to disp5se ) philosophy4 ,x w\ld !re=e seem t1 fir/ ( all1 philosophy is sup]flu\s1 s9ce its conclusions are atta9able )\t its assi/ance2 secondly1 x is extremely injuri\s1 because its conclusion is a v pa9ful "o to be accept$1 & :5 accept$ is useless3 nor is x 9 man's p[] to disreg>d tru?s once recognis$4 ,besides1 ! habit ( philosophis+ is "o ( ! mo/ difficult habits to ?r[ (f4 ,?us1 philosophy :i* at fir/ inspires hope z a possible rem$y = ! ills ( humanity1 ends by seek+ 9 va9 a cure = itself4 ,& n[ ,i w\ld ask y :y y imag9e we are ne>] p]fection ?an our ance/ors 78 ,is x t we are bett] acqua9t$ ) ! tru?8 ,?is _c be1 s9ce we h se5 t su* k is extremely prejudicial to man's happ9ess4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 x is because "s few m5 9 ! pres5t day h le>nt t ! true/ philosoph] is he :o ab/a9s f philosophy8 ,b 9 :at !n are we sup]ior to ! m5 ( primitive times1 :o 7 p]fectly unacqua9t$ ) philosophy8 ,& ev5 9 ! pres5t day savages ab/a9 f philosophy1 )\t feel+ ! lea/ inconv5i5ce4 ,9 :at1 !re=e1 are we m advanc$ ?an our ance/ors2 & :at means ( atta9+ p]fection d we possess1 :i* !y _h n8 ,tim4 ,we h _m ( great importance4 ,to expla9 !m w\ld be a "w ( consid]able "t4 ,elean4 ,put !m aside = ! mom5t1 & reconsid] my !ory4 ,i say t if1 on ! "o h&1 ,i express 9 my writ+s c]ta9 h>d & bitt] tru?s1 :e!r to relieve my m9d1 or console myself 9 laugh+ at !m1 ,i d n fail at ! same "t to deplore & disadvise ! se>* aft] t cold & mis]able tru?1 acqua9tance ) :i* r$uces u to a /ate ( ei!r indiff]5ce & hypocrisy1 or bas5ess ( s\l1 moral corruption1 & depravity4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i praise & exalt ^? noble1 if false ideas1 :i* give bir? to high-m9d$ & vigor\s actions & ?\ghts1 su* z fur!r ! welf>e ( mank9d1 or individuals2 ^? glori\s illusions1 va9 ?\gh !y be1 :i* give value to life1 & :i* are natural to ! s\l2 9 %ort1 ! sup]/itions ( antiquity1 di/9ct f ! errors ( b>b>ism4 ,^! latt] %\ld be root$ out1 b ! =m] respect$4 ,civilisation & philosophy hav+ exce$$ _! natural b\nds1 z is usual ) all ?+s p]ta9+ to humanity1 h drawn u f "o /ate ( b>b>ism only to precipitate u into ano!r1 no bett] ?an ! fir/4 ,?is new b>b>ism1 born ( reason & sci5ce in/ead ( ignorance1 manife/s itself m 9 ! m9d ?an ! body4 ,yet ,i imag9e1 t ?\gh ^! sup]/itions become daily m necess>y = ! well-be+ ( civilis$ nations1 ! possibility ( _! re-introduction dim9i%es daily4 ,& z = man's p]fection1 ,i assure y if ,i _h p]ceiv$ any signs ( x1 ,i w\ld h writt5 a volume 9 praise ( ! human race4 ,b s9ce ,i h n yet se5 x1 & z x is improbable ,i ev] %all see x1 ,i ?9k ( leav+ 9 my w a c]ta9 sum ( money = ! purpose ( procur+ an annual panegyric ( ! human race1 to be publicly recit$ f ! "t ( its p]fection1 & to pay = ! erection ( a temple1 /atue1 or monum5t1 z may be judg$ be/1 to commemorate ! ev5t4 ,,cop]nicus3 ,a ,,dialogue ,,9 ,,f\r ,,sc5es4 ,sc5e ,i4--,! ,fir/ ,h\r & ! ,sun4 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,good day1 ,excell5cy4 ,sun4 ,?anks2 good-night z well4 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,! horses are wait+1 y\r ,excell5cy4 ,sun4 ,v well4 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,& ! ,morn+ ,/> has be5 up "s "t4 ,sun4 ,all "r4 ,let x rise & set1 j z x pleases4 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,:at d ,i he> y\r ,excell5cy say8 ,sun4 ,i wi% y w\ld leave me alone4 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,b1 ,excell5cy1 ! night has already la/$ s long1 t x c la/ no long]2 & if we delay1 imag9e1 ,excell5cy1 ! confusion t w ensue4 ,sun4 ,i don't mean to /ir1 :atev] happ5s4 ,fir/ ,h\r4#j ,excell5cy6 :at is ?is8 ,does y\r ,excell5cy feel ill8 ,sun4 ,no1 no2 ,i feel no?+1 except t ,i don't wi% to move4 ,s y c g & att5d to y\r own affairs4 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,h[ c ,i g unless y\r ,excell5cy comes8 ,i am ! fir/ ,h\r ( ! day1 & h[ c ! day exi/1 if y\r ,excell5cy does n deign to g =? z usual8 ,sun4 ,if y w n be ( ! day1 y %all be ( ! night2 or bett]1 ! h\rs ( ! night %all d d\ble duty1 & y & y\r companions %all be idle4 ,= y mu/ "k ,i am tir$ ( ?is et]nal go+ r\nd to give light to a race ( little animals t live f> away 9 a ball ( clay1 s small t ,i1 :o h good sight1 _c see x4 ,dur+ ! night ,i h decid$ n to tr\ble myself any m 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,if m5 want light1 let !m make _! own fires = ! purpose1 or provide x 9 "s o!r way4 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,b1 ,excell5cy1 h[ c ! little fell[s manage t8 ,x w be a v great exp5se = !m to keep lant]ns or c&les burn+ all day long4 ,if only !y c\ld n[ discov] a c]ta9 atmosph]e to w>m & illum9e _! /reets1 rooms1 %ops1 tav]ns1 & ev]y?+ else at little exp5se1 !n !y w\ld n be s badly (f4 ,b m5 w h to wait "s ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 m or less1 be=e !y discov] ?is2 & mean:ile1 all ! oil1 wax1 pit*1 & tall[ ( ! e>? w be exhau/$1 & !y w h no?+ m to burn4 ,sun4 ,let !m hunt ! w-o-!-wisp1 & cat* ^? %9+ ?+s call$ gl[-worms4 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,& h[ w !y protect !mselves aga9/ ! cold8 ,= )\t ! assi/ance ( y\r ,excell5cy1 all ! =e/s toge!r w n make a fire l>ge en\gh to w>m !m4 ,besides1 !y w also die ( hung]1 s9ce ! e>? w no long] br+ =? its fruits4 ,& s1 aft] a few ye>s1 ! se$ ( ! poor little folk w be lo/4 ,!y w g grop+ ab\t ! e>?1 seek+ food & w>m?1 until hav+ consum$ e possible ?+1 & us$ up ! la/ flick] ( fire1 !y w all die 9 ! d>kness1 froz5 l pieces ( rock-cry/al4 ,sun4 ,:at is ?is to d ) me8 ,am ,i ! nurse ( ! human race2 or ! cook1 t ,i %\ld look aft] ! prep>ation ( _! food8 ,& :y ne$ ,i c>e if a few invisible little creatures1 millions ( miles away f me1 are unable to see1 or be> ! cold1 :5 depriv$ ( my light & w>m?8 ,besides1 ev5 suppos+1 z y say1 t ,i ought to act ! "p ( /ove or fireplace to ?is human family1 surely x is m reasonable1 if m5 want to w>m !mselves1 t !y %\ld come to ! /ove1 ?an t ! /ove %\ld g :irl+ r\nd !m4 ,!re=e1 if ! ,e>? requires me1 let x come hi!r to satisfy its ne$s4 ,i want no?+ f ! ,e>?1 t ,i %\ld ?us tr\ble myself to rotate r\nd x4 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,y\r ,excell5cy means1 if ,i und]/& rightly1 t h5ce=? ! ,e>? mu/ d = itself t :i* hi!rto y h done on its behalf4 ,sun4 ,yes3 n[ & = ! future4 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,well1 y\r ,excell5cy kn[s be/ :at is "r1 & c d z x pleases y4 ,b nev]!less1 w y\r ,excell5cy deign to ?9k :at a numb] ( beautiful & useful ?+s w be de/roy$ by ?is new decree4 ,! day w be depriv$ ( its h&some gild$ *>iot1 & beautiful horses1 :i* ba! !mselves 9 ! sea4 ,among/ o!r *anges1 we poor ,h\rs mu/ suff]2 we %all no long] h a place 9 heav51 b %all h to desc5d f our position z cele/ial *ildr5 to t ( t]re/rials1 unless1 z is m probable1 we dissolve into ?9 air in/ead4 ,b be t z x may1 ! difficulty w be to p]suade ! ,e>? to g r\nd1 necess>ily a h>d ?+1 because x is unaccu/om$ to d s2 & ! exp]i5ce ( rotat+ & ex]t+ itself incessantly w be all ! m /range1 see+ t hi!rto x has nev] /irr$ f its pres5t position4 ,if1 !n1 y\r ,excell5cy n[ beg9s to ?9k ( idl5ess1 ,i fe> ! ,e>? w be z little desir\s ( be/irr+ itself z ev] x 04 ,sun4 ,9 t case1 x mu/ be prick$1 & made to be/ir itself z mu* z is necess>y4 ,b ! quicke/ & sure/ way is to f9d a poet1 or1 bett]1 a philosoph]1 :o w p]suade ! ,e>? to move itself1 or p]suasion be+ unsuccessful1 w use =ce4 ,= philosoph]s & poets ord9>ily manage ^! affairs4 ,:5 ,i 0 y\ng] ,i us$ to h a great e/eem = ! poets1 ?\gh !y r c>icatur$ me 9 repres5t+ me rac+ madly1 great & /\t z ,i am1 r\nd & r\nd a gra9 ( s&1 simply = ! sake ( amusem5t or ex]cise4 ,b n[ t ,i am old]1 ,i am m p>tial to philosophy4 ,i /udy to disc]n ! utility1 n ! beauty ( ?+s1 & poetry seems to me ei!r absurd or we>isome4 ,i wi%1 also1 to h good sub/antial reasons = :atev] ,i d4 ,n[1 ,i see no reason :y ,i %\ld value a life ( activity m ?an a life ( ease & idl5ess4 ,i h det]m9$1 !re=e1 9 future1 to leave ! fatigues & discom=ts to o!rs1 & = my own "p to live quietly at home1 )\t und]tak+ bus9ess ( any k9d4 ,?is *ange 9 me is p>tly due to my age1 b has *iefly be5 br\ght ab\t by ! philosoph]s1 a race ( p ^: p[] & influ5ce increase daily4 ,consequ5tly1 to induce ! ,e>? to rotate 9 my place1 a poet w\ld intr9sically be bett] ?an a philosoph]3 because ! poets are accu/om$ to give a fictiti\s value to ?+s by exagg]at+ ! tru?1 beauty1 & utility ( subjects ab\t :i* !y treat1 & because by rais+ a ?\s& pleasurable hopes1 !y (t5 incite p to fatigues !y w\ld else h avoid$2 :]eas philosoph]s we>y !m4 ,b1 n[ t ! p[] ( philosoph]s is s pr$om9ant1 ,i d\bt :e!r a poet w\ld be ( mu* use1 if ev5 ! ,e>? gave him a he>+4 ,!re=e1 we _h bett] h rec\rse to a philosoph]4 ,x is true1 philosoph]s are usually little suit$1 & /ill less incl9$1 to /imulate o!r p to ex]tions2 b possibly 9 s extreme a case1 !y may be induc$ to act contr>y to cu/om4 ,! ,e>? has1 h[ev]1 "o alt]native2 x has ! option ( decl9+ to und]take all ?is h>d lab\r4 ,its de/ruction w !n ensue1 & ,i am f> f sure t ?is w\ld n be ! be/ ?+ = x4 ,b en\gh ( ?is3 we %all see :at w take place4 ,n[1 ei!r y or "o ( y\r companions _h bett] g at once to ! ,e>?4 ,if !re y discov] any "o ( ^! philosoph]s 9 ! op5 air1 reg>d+ ! heav5s1 & wond]+ ab\t ! cause ( ?is protract$ night1 z well he may1 take *>ge ( him1 & br+ him hi!r on y\r back4 ,d y cle>ly und]/&8 ,fir/ ,h\r4 ,yes1 ,excell5cy4 ,y %all be obey$4 ,sc5e ,,ii4--,cop]nicus pac+ ! t]race ( 8 h\se1 ) 8 eyes anxi\sly direct$ t[>ds ! ea/]n horizon4 ,a roll ( pap] 9 8 h&1 :i* ev] & anon he uses z a telescope4 ,?is is a m>vell\s ?+4 ,ei!r ! clocks are all wrong1 or else ! sun %\ld h ris5 m ?an an h\r ago4 ,yet n a gleam ( light is to be se5 9 ! ea/1 ?\gh ! sky is z bright & cle> z a mirror4 ,all ! />s %9e z if x 7 midnight4 ,i mu/ g & consult ! ,almage/ & ,sacrobosco1 & see :at !y say ab\t ?is ev5t4 ,i h (t5 he>d talk ( ! night ,jove pass$ ) ! wife ( ,amphitryon1 & ,i also rememb] read+ a little :ile ago1 9 a mod]n ,spani% book1 t ! ,p]uvians record a v long night1 at ! end ( :i* ! sun proce$$ =? f a c]ta9 lake call$ ,titicaca4 ,hi!rto ,i h reg>d$ ^! z m]e tales1 & h nev] wav]$ 9 my belief4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 t ,i p]ceive reason & sci5ce to be absolutely useless1 ,i am det]m9$ to believe ! tru? ( ^!1 & simil> ?+s4 ,i w also visit ! lakes & puddles 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & see if ,i c fi% out ! sun4 ,ha6 :at is ?is t ,i he>8 ,x is l ! flapp+ ( ! w+s ( "s huge bird4 ,sc5e ,,iii4--,! ,la/ ,h\r & ,cop]nicus4 ,la/ ,h\r4 ,cop]nicus1 ,i am ! ,la/ ,h\r4 ,cop]nicus4 ,! ,la/ ,h\r6 ,well1 ,i suppose ,i mu/ be resign$4 ,b ,i beg ( y1 if possible1 to give me en\gh "t to make my w1 & put my ?+s 9 ord]1 be=e ,i die4 ,la/ ,h\r4 ,die6 ,:at d y mean8 ,i am n ! la/ h\r ( y\r life4 ,cop]nicus4 ,oh1 !n1 :at are y8 ,! la/ h\r ( ! (fice ( ! brevi>y8 ,la/ ,h\r4 ,i c q imag9e y pref] t "o to ! o!rs1 :5 y are 9 y\r /all4 ,cop]nicus4 ,b h[ d y "k ,i am a ,canon8 ,& h[ is x y "k my "n8 ,la/ ,h\r4 ,i procur$ my in=mation ab\t y1 f c]ta9 p 9 ! /reet4 ,i am1 9 fact1 ! ,la/ ,h\r ( day4 ,cop]nicus4 ,ah6 n[ ,i und]/&4 ,! ,fir/ ,h\r is unwell2 & t is :y day is n yet visible4 ,la/ ,h\r4 ,i h news = y4 ,!re w nev] be any m daylight unless y provide x y\rself4 ,cop]nicus4 ,y w\ld ?r[ on me ! responsibility ( mak+ daylight8 ,a f9e ?+1 inde$6 ,la/ ,h\r4 ,i w tell y h[4 ,b fir/ ( all1 y mu/ come ) me at once to ! h\se ( ! ,sun1 my fa!r4 ,y %all he> m :5 we set out4 ,8 ,excell5cy w expla9 ev]y?+ :5 we arrive4 ,cop]nicus4 ,i tru/ x is all "r4 ,b ! j\rney1 unless ,i am mi/ak51 mu/ be a v long "o4 ,& h[ c ,i take en\gh food to prev5t my dy+ ( hung] a few ye>s be=e rea*+ ! ,sun8 ,besides1 ,i d\bt if 8 ,excell5cy's l&s produce ! :]e-)al to supply me ) ev5 a s+le meal4 ,la/ ,h\r4 ,d n tr\ble y\rself ) ^! d\bts4 ,y w n /ay long 9 my fa!r's h\se1 & ! j\rney w be complet$ 9 a mom5t4 ,= y mu/ "k t ,i am a _s4 ,cop]nicus4 ,maybe4 ,b ,i am a body4 ,la/ ,h\r4 ,well1 well3 y are n a metaphysician t y ne$ excite y\rself ab\t ^! matt]s4 ,come n[1 m\nt on my %\ld]s1 & leave all ! re/ to me4 ,cop]nicus4 ,c\rage4 ,!re1 x is done6 ,i w pursue ?is novelty to its issue4 ,sc5e ,,iv4--,cop]nicus & ! ,sion4 ,cop]nicus4 ,mo/ noble ,"l4 ,sun4 ,=give me1 ,cop]nicus1 if ,i d n (f] y a *air3 "o does n use su* ?+s "h4 ,b we w soon despat* our bus9ess4 ,my s]vant has already expla9$ ! matt] to y2 & f :at ! *ild tells me1 ,i imag9e y w d v well = our purpose4 ,cop]nicus4 ,my "l1 ,i disc]n great difficulties 9 ! matt]4 ,sun4 ,difficulties ought n to fright5 su* a man z y\rself4 ,!y are ev5 said to make ! brave man /ill m c\rage\s4 ,b tell me briefly ( :at ^! difficulties consi/4 ,cop]nicus4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 al?\gh philosophy is a great p[]1 ,i d\bt :e!r x c p]suade ! ,e>? to *ange its com=table sitt+ po/ure = a /ate ( re/less activity2 especially 9 ^! times1 :i* are n h]oic4 ,sun4 ,& if p]suasion be ineffectual1 y mu/ try =ce4 ,cop]nicus4 ,will+ly1 ,illu/ri\s1 if ,i 7 a ,h]cules1 or ev5 an ,orl&o1 in/ead ( a m]e ,canon ( ,v>mia4 ,sun4 ,:at has t to d ) x8 ,did n "o ( y\r anci5t ma!maticians say1 t if he _h /&+ room giv5 him outside ! _w1 he w\ld und]take to move heav5 & e>?8 ,n[1 y are n requir$ to move heav51 & behold1 y are already 9 a place outside ! e>?4 ,!re=e1 unless y are n s clev] z t anci5t1 y w no d\bt be able to move ! ,e>?1 :e!r x be will+1 or n4 ,cop]nicus4 ,my "l1 su* a ?+ might be possible4 ,b a lev] w\ld be necess>y1 ( su* dim5sions t nei!r ,i nor ev5 y\r ,illu/ri\s ,lord%ip c\ld pay half ! co/ ( its mat]ials & manufacture4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 o!r & f> m s]i\s difficulties1 :i* ,i w n[ m5tion4 ,y "k ! ,e>? has hi!rto occupi$ ! pr9cipal position 9 ! ,univ]se1 t is ! c5tre4 ,motionless1 x has _h no?+ to d b reg>d all ! o!r sph]es1 great & small1 brilliant & obscure1 cont9u\sly gyrat+ ar\nd & on all sides ( x ) a m>vell\s regul>ity & spe$4 ,all ?+s seem to be occupi$ 9 its s]vice2 s t ! ,univ]se may be lik5$ to a c\rt1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! ,e>? sits z on a ?rone1 surr\nd$ by att5dant globes1 l c\rti]s1 gu>ds1 & s]vants1 ea* ( :i* fulfils its respective (fice4 ,consequ5tly1 ! ,e>? has always reg>d$ itself z ,empress ( ! ,univ]se4 ,s f>1 inde$1 little fault c be f\nd ) its control1 & ,i d n ?9k y\r design an improvem5t on ! old /ate ( affairs4 ,b :at %all ,i say to y ab\t m58 ,we e/eem ourselves 7& %all always d s7 to be 9 ! same relation to ! re/ ( creat$ be+s z ! ,e>? is to ! ,univ]se4 ,& m ?an ?is4 ,supreme among t]re/rial creatures1 we all1 includ+ ! ragg$ begg> :o d9es on a morsel ( black bread1 h a mo/ exalt$ idea ( ourselves4 ,we are ea* ( u emp]ors1 & our empire is only b\nd$ by ! ,univ]se1 = x includes all ! />s & planets1 visible & invisible4 ,man is1 9 8 own e/imation1 ! f9al cause ( all ?+s1 includ+ ev5 y\r ,illu/ri\s ,lord%ip4 ,n[1 if we remove ! ,e>? f its place 9 ! c5tre1 & make x :irl r\nd & r\nd unremitt+ly1 :at w be ! consequ5ce8 ,simply1 t x w act l all ! o!r globes1 & be enroll$ 9 ! numb] ( ! planets4 ,!n all its t]re/rial maje/y w vani%1 & ! ,e>? w h to abdicate its imp]ial ?rone4 ,m51 too1 w lose _! human maje/y1 & be depriv$ ( _! supremacy2 !y w be left alone ) _! rags1 & mis]ies1 :i* are n insignificant4 ,sun4 ,9 %ort1 ,don ,nicolas1 :at d y wi% to prove by ?is disc\rse8 ,is x t y h scruples ( consci5ce le/ ! de$ %\ld be treasonable8 ,cop]nicus4 ,no1 x is n t1 ,illu/ri\s4 ,=1 to ! be/ ( my k nei!r ! ,codes1 nor ! ,dige/1 nor ! books ( public1 imp]ial1 int]national1 or natural law1 make any m5tion ( su* treason4 ,:at ,i want$ to %[ 01 t ?is action1 subv]t+ our planet>y relation%ips1 w n only "w alt]ation 9 ! ord] ( nature2 = x w *ange ! position ( ?+s int] se1 & ! ends = :i* creat$ be+s n[ exi/2 x w also necess>ily make a great revolution 9 ! sci5ce ( metaphysics1 & ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! speculative "p ( k4 ,! result w be t m51 ev5 if !y are able & will+ to critically exam9e into ! :y & :]e=e ( life1 w discov] !mselves & _! aims to be v diff]5t f :at !y are n[1 or f :at !y imag9e !m to be4 ,sun4 ,my de> *ild1 ! ?\ght ( ^! ?+s does n di/urb me mu*2 s little respect h ,i = metaphysics1 or physics1 or ev5 al*emy1 necromancy1 or any su* ?+s4 ,besides1 m5 w 9 "t become cont5t ) _! position2 or1 if !y d n l x1 !y may argue ! matt] to _! he>ts' cont5t1 & w d\btless succe$ 9 believ+ j :at !y please4 ,9 ?is way !y may /ill deceive !mselves "u ! names ( ,b>ons1 ,dukes1 ,emp]ors1 or any?+ else4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y are inconsolable1 ,i confess x w n give me mu* uneas9ess4 ,cop]nicus4 ,well1 !n1 ap>t f m5 & ! ,e>?1 consid]1 ,illu/ri\s1 :at may reasonably be expect$ to happ5 9 reg>d to ! o!r planets4 ,^!1 :5 !y see ! ,e>? r$uc$ to _! condition1 & do+ precisely :at !y d1 j l "o ( !mselves1 w be jeal\s ( its app>5t sup]iority4 ,!y w be dissatisfi$ ) _! own nak$ simplicity & sad lonel9ess1 & w desire to h _! riv]s1 m\nta9s1 seas1 plants1 animals1 & m52 = !y w see no reason :y !y %\ld be 9 ! smalle/ degree less end[$ ?an ! ,e>?4 ,!reupon w ensue ano!r great revolution 9 ! ,univ]se3 an inf9ite numb] ( new races & p w in/antane\sly proce$ f _! soil1 l mu%rooms4 ,sun4 ,well1 let !m come1 & ! m ! m]ri]4 ,my light & heat w suffice = !m all )\t any extra exp5se4 ,! ,univ]se %all h food1 clo!s1 & lodg+ amply provid$ gratis4 ,cop]nicus4 ,b1 if y\r ,illu/ri\s ,lord%ip w reflect a mom5t1 yet ano!r objection may be disc]n$4 ,! />s1 hav+ rivall$ ! ,e>?1 w turn _! att5tions to y4 ,!y w notice y\r f9e ?rone1 noble c\rt1 & num]\s planet>y satellites4 ,consequ5tly1 !y also w wi% = ?rones4 ,& m1 !y w desire to rule1 z y d1 ov] inf]ior planets1 ea* ( :i* mu/ ( c\rse be peopl$ & ornam5t$ l ! ,e>?4 ,x is ne$less to m5tion ! increas$ unhapp9ess ( ! human race4 ,_! insignificance w be great] ?an ev]4 ,!y w bur/ out 9 all ^! millions ( new worlds1 s t ev5 ! t9ie/ /> ( ! milky way w be provid$ ) its own race ( mortals4 ,n[1 look+ at ?is1 solely z affect+ y\r int]e/s1 ,i affirm t x w be v prejudicial4 ,hi!rto y h be51 if n ! fir/1 c]ta9ly ! second 9 ! ,univ]se2 t is1 aft] ! ,e>?2 nor h ! />s aspir$ to rival y 9 dignity4 ,9 ?is new /ate1 h[ev]1 y w h z _m equals z />s1 ea* ) _! respective />s4 ,bew>e !n le/ ?is *ange be ru9\s to y\r supremacy4 ,sun4 ,y rememb] ,cs>'s rem>k1 :51 cross+ ! ,alps1 he happ5$ to pass a c]ta9 mis]able little b>b>ian village4 ,he said t he w\ld r be ! fir/ 9 t village1 ?an ! second 9 ,rome4 ,simil>ly ,i w\ld r be fir/ 9 ?is my own _w ?an second 9 ! ,univ]se4 ,b y mu/ n ?9k x is ambition t makes me desir\s ( *ang+ ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s2 x is solely my love ( peace1 or1 m c&idly1 idl5ess4 ,!re=e x is a small matt] to me :e!r ,i am fir/ or la/ 9 ! ,univ]se3 unlike ,cic]o1 ,i c>e m = ease ?an dignity4 ,cop]nicus4 ,i also1 ,illu/ri\s1 h /riv5 my utmo/ to obta9 ?is ease4 ,b1 suppos+ y\r ,lord%ip is successful 9 y\r endeav\r1 ,i d\bt :e!r x w be ( long duration4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i feel almo/ sure t be=e _m ye>s h elaps$ y w be impell$ to g w9d+ r\nd & r\nd l a w9dlass1 or a :eel1 )\t h[ev] v>y+ y\r locality4 ,!n1 aft] a "t1 y w probably be desir\s ( rotat+ r\nd some?+--! ,e>? = in/ance4 ,ah6 well1 be t z x may2 if y p]si/ 9 y\r det]m9ation1 ,i w try to s]ve y1 9 spite ( ! great difficulties necess>ily to be ov]come4 ,if ,i fail1 y mu/ attribute ! failure to my inability1 n unwill+ness4 ,sun4 ,t is well1 my ,cop]nicus4 ,d y\r be/4 ,cop]nicus4 ,!re is h[ev] yet ano!r ob/acle4 ,sun4 ,:at is x8 ,cop]nicus4 ,i fe> le/ ,i %\ld be burnt alive = my pa9s4 ,9 :i* case1 x w\ld be improbable t ,i1 l ! ,pho5ix1 %\ld rise f my a%es4 ,i %\ld !re=e nev] see y\r ,lord%ip's face aga94 ,sun4 ,li/51 ,cop]nicus4 ,y "k t once ^u a "t ,i 0 a prophet1 :5 poetry rul$ ! _w1 & philosophy 0 sc>cely hat*$4 ,i w n[ utt] my la/ prophecy4 ,put fai? 9 me on ! /r5g? ( my =m] p[]4 ,?is is :at ,i say4 ,x may be t ^? :o come aft] y1 & confirm y\r de$s1 %all be burnt1 or kill$ 9 "s o!r way2 b y %all be safe1 nor %all y suff] at all on acc\nt ( ?is und]tak+4 ,& to make y\r safety c]ta91 d$icate to ! ,pope ! book#a y w write on ! subject4 ,if y d ?is1 ,i promise t y w n ev5 lose y\r canonry4 ,footnote #a3 ,cop]nicus did 9 effect d$icate 8 book on ! ,revolution ( ! ,cele/ial ,bodies1 ! pr9t+ ( :i* 0 only complet$ a few days be=e 8 dea?1 to ,pope ,paul ,,iii4 ,! sy/em exp\nd$ !re9 0 condemn$ by a decree ( ,paul ,v4 9 #afaf4 ,?is condemnation rema9$ 9 =ce until #ahba1 :5 x 0 revok$ by ,pius ,,vii4 ,! sun is suppos$ to be 9 ! c5tre1 & motionless2 ! e>? & ! re/ ( ! planets move r\nd x 9 elliptical orbits4 ,! heav5s & />s are suppos$ to be /ation>y1 & _! app>5t diurnal motion f ea/ to we/ is imput$ to ! e>?'s motion f we/ to ea/4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,an ,,almanac ,,sell] ,,& ,a ,,pass]-,,by4 ,almanac ,sell]4 ,almanacs6 ,new ,almanacs6 ,new ,cal5d>s6 ,:o wants new ,almanacs8 ,pass]-by4 ,almanacs = ! ,new ,ye>8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,yes1 ,sir4 ,pass]4 ,d y ?9k ?is ,new ,ye> w be a happy "o8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,yes1 to be sure1 ,sir4 ,pass]4 ,z happy z la/ ye>8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,mu* m s4 ,pass]4 ,z ! ye> be=e8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,/ill m1 ,sir4 ,pass]4 ,:y8 ,%\ld y n l ! ,new ,ye> to resemble "o ( ! pa/ ye>s8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,no1 ,sir1 ,i %\ld n4 ,pass]4 ,h[ _m ye>s h gone by s9ce y began to sell almanacs8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s1 ,sir4 ,pass]4 ,:i* ( ! tw5ty %\ld y wi% ! ,new ,ye> to be l8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,i d n "k4 ,pass]4 ,d y n rememb] any p>ticul> ye> :i* y ?\ght a happy "o8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,inde$ ,i d n1 ,sir4 ,pass]4 ,& yet life is a f9e ?+1 is x n8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,s !y say4 ,pass]4 ,w\ld y n l to live ^! tw5ty ye>s1 & ev5 all y\r1 pa/ life f y\r bir?1 ov] aga98 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,ah1 de> ,sir1 w\ld to ,god ,i c\ld6 ,pass]4 ,b if y _h to live ov] aga9 ! life y h already liv$1 ) all its pleasures & suff]+s8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,i %\ld n l t4 ,pass]4 ,!n :at o!r life w\ld y l to live8 ,m9e1 or t ( ! ,pr9ce1 or ^:8 ,d y n ?9k t ,i1 or ! ,pr9ce1 or any "o else1 w\ld reply exactly z y h done2 & t no "o w\ld wi% to repeat ! same life ov] aga98 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,i d believe t4 ,pass]4 ,!n w\ld y recomm5ce x on ?is condition1 if none o!r 7 (f]$ y8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,no1 ,sir1 inde$ ,i w\ld n4 ,pass]4 ,!n :at life w\ld y l8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,su* an "o z ,god w\ld give me )\t any conditions4 ,pass]4 ,a life at hap-haz>d1 & ( :i* y w\ld "k no?+ be=eh&1 z y "k no?+ ab\t ! ,new ,ye>8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,exactly4 ,pass]4 ,x is :at ,i %\ld wi%1 _h ,i to live my life ov] aga91 & s w\ld e "o4 ,b ?is proves t ,fate has treat$ u all badly4 ,& x is cle> t ea* p]son is ( op9ion t ! evil he has exp]i5c$ exce$s ! good1 if no "o w\ld wi% to be re-born on condition ( liv+ 8 own life ov] aga9 f ! beg9n+1 ) j its same proportion ( good & evil4 ,?is life1 :i* is su* a f9e ?+1 is n ! life we are acqua9t$ )1 b t ( :i* we "k no?+2 x is n ! pa/ life1 b ! future4 ,) ! ,new ,ye> ,fate w comm5ce treat+ y1 & me1 & e "o well1 & ! happy life w beg94 ,am ,i n "r8 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,let u hope s4 ,pass]4 ,%[ me ! be/ almanac y h4 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,"h x is1 ,sir4 ,?is is wor? ?irty soldi4 ,pass]4 ,"h are ?irty soldi4 ,alm4 ,sell]4 ,?ank y1 ,sir4 ,good day1 ,sir4--,almanacs6 ,new ,almanacs6 ,new ,cal5d>s6 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,plot9us ,,& ,,porphyrius4 ,"o day :5 ,i1 ,porphyrius1 0 m$itat+ ab\t tak+ my own life1 ,plot9us guess$ my int5tion4 ,he int]rupt$ me1 & said t su* a design c\ld n proce$ f a heal?y m9d1 b 0 due to "s melan*oly indisposition1 & t ,i mu/ h *ange ( air 7,ex4 ,life ( ,plot9us1 by ,porphyrius74 ,! same incid5t is rec\nt$ 9 ! life ( ,plot9us by ,eunapius1 :o adds t ,plot9us record$ 9 a book ! conv]sation he !n held ) ,porphyrius on ! subject4 ,plot9us4 ,y "k1 ,porphyrius1 h[ s9c]ely ,i am y\r fri5d4 ,y w n wond] !re=e t ,i am unquiet ab\t y4 ,= "s "t ,i h notic$ h[ sad & ?\ghtful y are2 y\r expression ( c\nt5ance is unusual1 & y h let fall c]ta9 words :i* make me anxi\s4 ,9 %ort1 ,i fe> t y contemplate "s evil design4 ,porphyrius4 ,h[6 ,:at d y mean8 ,plot9us4 ,i ?9k y int5d to d y\rself "s injury2 x 7 a bad om5 to give ! de$ its "n4 ,li/5 to me1 de> ,porphyrius1 & d n conceal ! tru?4 ,d n wrong ! fri5d%ip t has s long exi/$ betwe5 u4 ,i "k my words w cause y displeasure1 & ,i c easily und]/& t y w\ld r h kept y\r design hid4 ,b ,i c\ld n be sil5t 9 su* a matt]1 & y ought n to refuse to confide 9 "o :o loves y z mu* z himself4 ,let u !n talk calmly1 weigh+ our words4 ,op5 y\r he>t to me4 ,tell me y\r tr\bles1 & let me be auditor ( y\r lam5tations4 ,i h des]v$ y\r confid5ce4 ,i promise1 on my "p1 n to oppose ! c>ry+ out ( y\r resolution1 if we agree t x is useful & reasonable4 ,porphyrius4 ,i h nev] d5i$ a reque/ ( y\rs1 de> ,plot9us4 ,i w !re=e confess to y :at ,i w\ld r h kept to myself2 no?+ 9 ! _w w\ld induce me to tell x to anyone else4 ,y are "r 9 y\r int]pretation ( my ?\ghts4 ,if y wi% to discuss ! subject1 ,i w n refuse1 9 spite ( my dislike to d s2 = on su* occasions ! m9d pref]s to encompass itself ) a l(ty sil5ce1 & to m$itate 9 solitude1 giv+ itself up = ! "t to a /ate ( complete self-absorption4 ,nev]!less1 ,i am will+ to d z y please4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i may say t my design is n ! consequ5ce ( any special mis=tune4 ,x is simply ! result ( an utt] we>9ess ( life1 & a cont9u\s ennui :i* has long possess$ me l a pa94 ,to ?is may be add$ a feel+ ( ! vanity & no?+ness ( all ?+s1 :i* p]vades me 9 body & s\l4 ,d n say t ?is disposition ( m9d is unreasonable1 ?\gh ,i w all[ t x may 9 "p proce$ f physical causes4 ,x is 9 itself p]fectly reasonable1 & !re9 diff]s f all our o!r dispositions2 = ev]y?+ :i* makes u atta* "s value to life & human ?+s1 proves on analysis to be contr>y to reason1 & to proce$ f "s illusion or falsity4 ,no?+ is m rational ?an ennui4#a ,pleasures are all unreal4 ,pa9 itself1 at lea/ m5tal pa91 is equally false1 because on exam9ation x is se5 to h sc>cely any f\ndation1 or none at all4 ,! same may be said ( fe> & hope4 ,ennui alone1 :i* is born f ! vanity ( ?+s1 is g5u9e1 & nev] deceives4 ,if1 !n1 all else be va91 ! reality ( life is summ$ up 9 ennui4 ,plot9us4 ,x may be s4 ,i w n contradict y z to t4 ,b we mu/ n[ consid] ! nature ( y\r project4 ,y "k ,plato refus$ to all[ t man is at lib]ty to escape1 l a fugitive slave1 f ! captivity 9 :i* he is plac$ by ! w ( ! gods1 9 depriv+ himself ( life4 ,porphyrius4 ,i beg y1 de> ,plot9us1 to leave ,plate alone n[1 ) 8 doctr9es & dreams4 ,x is "o ?+ to praise1 expla91 & *ampion c]ta9 !ories 9 ! s*ools & 9 books1 b q ano!r to practically exemplify !m4 ,s*ool-tea*+ & boots con/ra9 u to admire ,plato1 & con=m to him1 because su* is ! cu/om 9 ! pres5t day4 ,bat 9 real life1 f> f be+ admir$1 he is ev5 dete/$4 ,x is true ,plato is said to h spread abroad by 8 writ+s ! notion ( a future life1 ?us leav+ m5 9 d\bt z to _! fate aft] dea?1 & s]v+ a good purpose 9 det]r+ m5 f evil 9 ?is life1 ?r\gh fe> ( puni%m5t 9 ! next4 ,if ,i imag9$ ,plato to h be5 ! inv5tor ( ^! ideas & beliefs1 ,i w\ld speak ?us to him3-- ,y obs]ve1 ,o ,plato1 h[ inimical to our race ! p[] :i* gov]ns ! _w has always be51 :e!r kn[n z ,nature1 ,de/9y1 or ,fate4 ,_m reasons contradict ! supposition t man has t high rank 9 ! ord] ( creation :i* we are pleas$ to imag9e2 b by no reason c he be depriv$ ( ! *>act]i/ic attribut$ to him by ,hom]--t ( suff]+4 ,nature1 h[ev]1 has giv5 u a rem$y = all evils4 ,x is dea?1 little fe>$ by ^? :o are n fully intellig5t1 & by all o!rs desir$4 ,b y h depriv$ u ( ?is de>e/ consolation ( our life1 full ( suff]+ t x is4 ,! d\bts rais$ by y h torn ?is com=t f our m9ds1 & made ! ?\ght ( dea? ! bitt]e/ ( all ?\ghts4 ,?anks to y1 unhappy mortals n[ fe> ! /orm less ?an ! port4 ,driv5 f _! "o place ( repose1 & robb$ ( ! only rem$y !y c\ld look =1 !y resign !mselves to ! suff]+s & tr\bles ( life4 ,?us1 y h be5 m cruel t[>ds u ?an ,de/9y1 ,nature1 or ,fate4 ,& s9ce ?is d\bt1 once conceiv$1 c nev] be got rid (1 to y is x due t y\r fell[-m5 reg>d dea? z some?+ m t]rible ?an life4 ,y are to blame t re/ & peace are = ev] bani%$ f ! la/ mom5ts ( man1 :]eas all o!r animals die 9 p]fect fe>lessness4 ,?is "o ?+1 ,o ,plato1 0 want+ to complete ! sum ( human mis]y4 ,true1 y\r int5tion 0 good4 ,b x has fail$ 9 its purpose4 ,viol5ce & inju/ice are n arre/$1 = evil-do]s only realise ! t]rors ( dea? 9 _! la/ mom5ts1 :5 q p[]less to d m h>m4 ,y\r d\bts tr\ble only ! good1 :o are m dispos$ to b5efit ?an injure _! fell[-m51 & ! weak & timid1 :o are nei!r incl9$ by nature nor disposition to oppress anyone4 ,bold & /rong m51 :o h sc>cely any p[] ( imag9ation1 & ^? :o require "s o!r re/ra9t ?an m]e law1 reg>d ^! fe>s z *im]ical1 & are undet]r$ f evil do+4 ,we see daily in/ances ( ?is1 & ! exp]i5ce ( all ! c5turies1 f y\r "t d[n to ! pres5t1 confirms x4 ,good laws1 /ill m1 good education1 & m5tal & social culture1--^! are ! ?+s t pres]ve ju/ice & mildness among/ m54 ,civilisation1 & ! use ( reflection & reason1 make m5 almo/ always hate to w> ) ea* o!r & %$ "o ano!r's blood1 & r5d] !m dis9cl9$ to qu>rel1 & endang] _! lives by lawlessness4 ,b su* good results are nev] due to ?reat5+ fancies1 & bitt] expectation ( t]rible *a/isem5t2 ^!1 l ! multitude & cruelty ( ! puni%m5ts us$ 9 c]ta9 /ates1 only s]ve to increase ! bas5ess & f]ocity ( m51 & are !re=e oppos$ to ! well-be+ ( human society4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 y w reply t y h promis$ a rew>d 9 ! future = ! good4 ,:at !n is ?is rew>d8 ,a /ate ( life :i* seems full ( ennui1 ev5 less tol]able ?an our pres5t exi/5ce6 ,! bitt]ness ( y\r puni%m5ts is unmi/akable2 b ! sweetness ( y\r rew>ds is hidd5 & secret1 incompreh5sible to our m9ds4 ,h[ !n c ord] & virtue be said to be enc\rag$ by y\r doctr9e8 ,i w v5ture to say t if b few m5 h be5 det]r$ f evil by ! fe> ( y\r t]rible ,t>t>us1 no good man has be5 l$ to p]=m a s+le praisewor?y action by desire ( y\r ,elysium4 ,su* a ,p>adise does n attract u 9 ! lea/4 ,b1 ap>t f ! fact t y\r heav5 is sc>cely an invit+ place1 :o among ! be/ ( u c hope to m]it x8 ,:at man c satisfy y\r inexorable judges1 ,m9os1 ,eacus1 & ,rhadaman?us1 :o w n ov]look "o s+le fault1 h[ev] trivial8 ,besides1 :o c say t he has rea*$ y\r /&>d ( purity8 ,9 %ort1 we _c look = happ9ess 9 ! _w to come2 & h[ev] cle> a man's consci5ce may be1 or h[ev] upright 8 life1 9 8 la/ h\r he w dread ! future ) its t]rible inc]titude4 ,x is due to y\r tea*+ t fe> is a mu* /rong] influ5ce ?an hope1 & may be said to dom9ate mank9d4 ,?is !n is ! result ( y\r doctr9es4 ,man1 ^: life on e>? is wret*$ 9 ! extreme1 anticipates dea?1 n z an end to all 8 mis]ies1 b z ! beg9n+ ( a condition m wret*$ /ill4 ,?us1 y surpass 9 cruelty1 n only ,nature & ,de/9y1 b ! mo/ m]ciless tyrant & blood?ir/y execution] ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,b :at cruelty c exce$ t ( y\r law1 =bidd+ man to put an end to 8 suff]+s & tr\bles by volunt>ily depriv+ himself ( life1 !reby triumph+ ov] ! horrors ( dea?8 ,o!r animals d n desire to put an end to _! life1 because _! unhapp9ess is less ?an ours2 nor w\ld !y ev5 h suffici5t c\rage to face a volunt>y dea?4 ,b if !y did wi% to die1 :at %\ld det] !m f fulfill+ _! desire8 ,!y are affect$ by no prohibition1 nor fe> ( ! future4 ,"h aga9 y make u inf]ior to brute bea/s4 ,! lib]ty !y possess1 !y d n use2 ! lib]ty grant$ also to u by ,nature1 s mis]ly 9 h] gifts1 y take away4 ,?us1 ! only creatures capable ( desir+ dea?1 h ! "r to die refus$ !m4 ,nature1 ,de/9y1 & ,=tune ov]:elm u ) cruel bl[s1 t cause u to suff] fe>fully2 y add to our suff]+s by ty+ our arms & en*a9+ our feet1 s t we c nei!r def5d ourselves1 nor escape f our p]secutors4 ,truly1 :5 ,i ?9k ov] ! great wret*$ness ( humanity1 x seems to me t y\r doctr9es1 above all ?+s1 ,o ,plato1 are guilty ( x1 & t m5 may well compla9 ( y m ?an ( ,nature4 ,= ! latt]1 9 decree+ = u an exi/5ce full ( unhapp9ess1 has left u ! means ( escap+ f x :5 we please4 ,inde$1 unhapp9ess _c be call$ extreme1 :5 we h 9 our h&s ! p[] to %ort5 x at w4 ,besides1 ! m]e ?\ght ( be+ able to quit life at pleasure1 & )draw f ! mis]ies ( ! _w1 is s great an alleviation ( our lot1 t 9 itself x suffices to r5d] exi/5ce supportable4 ,consequ5tly1 !re c be no d\bt t our *ief unhapp9ess proce$s f ! fe>1 t 9 abbreviat+ our life we might be plung$ into a /ate ( great] mis]y ?an ! pres5t4 ,& n only w our mis]y be great] 9 ! future1 b x w be s full ( ! ref9em5t ( cruelty1 t a comp>ison ( ^! unexp]i5c$ tortures ) ! kn[n suff]+s ( ?is life1 r$uces ! latt] almo/ to insignificance4 ,y h easily1 ,o ,plato1 rais$ ?is "q ( immortality2 b ! human species w become ext9ct be=e x is settl$4 ,y\r g5ius is ! mo/ fatal ?+ t has ev] afflict$ humanity1 & no?+ c ev] exi/ m disa/r\s 9 its effects4 ,t is :at ,i w\ld say to ,plato1 _h he inv5t$ ! doctr9e we are discuss+2 b ,i am well aw>e he did n orig9ate x4 ,h[ev]1 en\gh has be5 said4 ,let u drop ! subject1 if y please4 ,plot9us4 ,porphyrius1 y "k h[ ,i rev]e ,plato2 yet 9 talk+ to y on su* an occasion z ?is1 ,i w give y my own op9ion1 & w disreg>d 8 au?ority4 ,! few words ( 8 t ,i spoke 7 r z an introduction ?an any?+ else4 ,return+ to my fir/ argum5t1 ,i affirm t n only ,plato & e o!r philosoph]1 b ,nature h]self1 tea*es u t x is improp] to take away our own life4 ,i w n say mu* on ?is po9t1 because if y reflect a little1 ,i am sure y w agree ) me t suicide is unnatural4 ,x is inde$ an action ! mo/ contr>y possible to nature4 ,! :ole ord] ( ?+s w\ld be subv]t$ if ! be+s ( ! _w de/roy$ !mselves4 ,& x is repugnant & absurd to suppose t life is giv5 only to be tak5 away by its possessor1 & t be+s %\ld exi/ only to become non-exi/5t4 ,! law ( self-pres]vation is ! /ricte/ law ( nature4 ,its ma9t5ance is enjo9$ 9 e possible way on man & all creatures ( ! univ]se4 ,&1 ap>t f any?+ else1 d we n in/9ctively fe>1 hate1 & %un dea?1 ev5 9 spite ( ourselves8 ,!re=e1 s9ce suicide is s utt]ly contr>y to our nature1 ,i _c ?9k t x is p]missible4 ,porphyrius4 ,i h already m$itat$ on ! subject f all po9ts ( view2 = ! m9d c\ld n design su* a /ep )\t due consid]ation4 ,x seems to me t all y\r reason+ is answ]able ) j z mu* c\nt] reason+4 ,b ,i w be brief4 ,y d\bt :e!r x be p]missible to die )\t necessity4 ,i ask y if x be p]missible to be unhappy8 ,nature1 y say1 =bids suicide4 ,x is a /range ?+ t s9ce %e is ei!r unable or unwill+ to make me happy1 or free me f unhapp9ess1 %e %\ld h ! p[] to =ce me to live4 ,if ,nature has giv5 u a love ( life1 & a hatr$ ( dea?1 %e has also giv5 u a love ( happ9ess1 & a hatr$ ( suff]+2 & ! latt] in/9cts are mu* m p[]ful ?an ! =m]1 because happ9ess is ! supreme aim ( all our actions & s5tim5ts ( love or hatr$4 ,= to :at end d we %un dea?1 or desire life1 save to promote our well-be+1 & = fe> ( ! contr>y8 ,h[ !n c x be unnatural to escape f suff]+ 9 ! only way op5 to man1 t is1 by dy+2 s9ce 9 life x c nev] be avoid$8 ,h[1 too1 c x be true1 t ,nature =bids me to devote myself to dea?1 :i* is und\bt$ly a good ?+1 & to reject life1 :i* is und\bt$ly an evil & injuri\s ?+1 s9ce x is a s\rce ( no?+ b suff]+ to me8 ,plot9us4 ,^! ?+s d n p]suade me t suicide is n unnatural4 ,h we n a /rong in/9ctive horror ( dea?8 ,besides1 we nev] see brute bea/s1 :i* inv>iably foll[ ! in/9cts ( _! nature 7:5 n contr>ily tra9$ by man71 ei!r commit suicide1 or reg>d dea? z any?+ b a condition to be /ruggl$ aga9/1 ev5 9 _! mom5ts ( greate/ suff]+4 ,9 %ort1 all m5 :o commit ?is desp]ate act1 w be f\nd to h liv$ out ( con=mity to nature4 ,!y1 on ! contr>y1 :o live naturally1 w\ld )\t exception reject suicide1 if ev5 ! ?\ght propos$ itself to !m4 ,porphyrius4 ,well1 if y l1 ,i w admit t ! action is contr>y to nature4 ,b :at has t to d ) x1 if we ourselves d n con=m to nature2 t is1 are no long] savages8 ,comp>e ourselves1 = in/ance1 ) ! inhabitants ( ,india or ,e?iopia1 :o are said to h reta9$ _! primitive mann]s & wild habits4 ,y w\ld sc>cely ?9k t ^! p 7 ev5 ( ! same species z ourselves4 ,?is trans=mation ( life1 & *ange ( mann]s & cu/oms by civilisation1 has be5 accompani$1 9 my op9ion1 by an immeasurable increase ( suff]+4 ,savages nev] wi% to commit suicide1 nor does _! imag9ation ev] induce !m to reg>d dea? z a desirable ?+2 :]eas we :o are civilis$ wi% = x1 & sometimes volunt>ily seek x4 ,n[1 if man be p]mitt$ to live unnaturally1 & be consequ5tly unhappy1 :y may he n also die unnaturally8 ,= dea? is inde$ ! only way by :i* he c deliv] himself f ! unhapp9ess t results f civilisation4 ,or1 :y n return to our primitive condition1 & /ate ( nature8 ,ah1 we %\ld f9d x almo/ impossible z f> z m]e ext]nal circum/ances are conc]n$1 & 9 ! m important matt]s ( ! m9d1 q impossible4 ,:at is less natural ?an m$ic9e8 ,by ?is ,i mean surg]y1 & ! use ( drugs4 ,!y are bo? ord9>ily us$ expressly to combat nature1 & are q unkn[n to brute bea/s & savages4 ,yet1 s9ce ! diseases !y rem$y are unnatural1 & only occur 9 civilis$ c\ntries1 :]e p h fall5 f _! natural condition1 ^! arts1 be+ also unnatural1 are highly e/eem$ & ev5 indisp5sable4 ,simil>ly1 suicide1 :i* is a radical cure = ! disease ( despair1 "o ( ! outcomes ( civilisation1 mu/ n be blam$ because x is unnatural2 = unnatural evils require unnatural rem$ies4 ,x w\ld inde$ be h>d & unju/ t reason1 :i* increases our mis]y by =c+ u to g contr>y to nature1 %\ld 9 ?is matt] jo9 h&s ) nature1 & take f u our only rema9+ hope & refuge1 & ! only res\rce consi/5t ) itself1 & %\ld =ce u to cont9ue 9 our wret*$ness4 ,! tru? is ?is1 ,plot9us4 ,our primitive nature has dep>t$ f u = ev]4 ,habit & reason h giv5 u a new nature 9 place ( ! old "o1 to :i* we %all nev] return4 ,=m]ly1 x 0 unnatural = m5 to commit suicide1 or desire dea?4 ,9 ! pres5t day1 bo? are natural4 ,!y con=m to our new nature1 :i* h[ev]1 l ! old "o1 /ill impels u to seek our happ9ess4 ,& s9ce dea? is our greate/ good1 is x rem>kable t m5 %\ld volunt>ily seek x8 ,= our reason tells u t dea? is n an evil1 b1 z ! rem$y = all evils1 is ! mo/ desirable ( ?+s4 ,n[ tell me3 are all o!r actions ( civilis$ m5 regulat$ by ! /&>d ( _! primitive nature8 ,if s1 give me a s+le in/ance4 ,no1 x is our pres5t1 & n our primitive nature1 t int]prets our actions2 9 o!r words1 x is our reason4 ,:y !n %\ld suicide alone be judg$ unreasonably1 & f ! aspect ( our primitive nature8 ,:y %\ld ?is latt]1 :i* has no influ5ce ov] our life1 control our dea?8 ,:y %\ld n ! same reason gov]n our dea? :i* rules our life8 ,x is a fact1 :e!r due to reason or our unhapp9ess1 t 9 _m p1 especially ^? :o are un=tunate & afflict$1 ! primitive hatr$ ( dea? is ext+ui%$1 & ev5 *ang$ into desire & love1 z ,i h said4 ,su* love1 ?\gh incompatible ) our e>ly nature1 is a reality 9 ! pres5t day4 ,we are also necess>ily unhappy because we live unnaturally4 ,x 7 !re=e manife/ly unreasonable to ass]t t ! prohibition :i* =bade suicide 9 ! primitive /ate %\ld n[ hold good4 ,?is seems to me suffici5t ju/ification ( ! de$4 ,x rema9s to be prov$ :e!r or n x be useful4 ,plot9us4 ,nev] m9d t side ( ! "q1 my de> ,porphyrius1 because if ! de$ be p]missible1 ,i h no d\bt ( its extreme utility4 ,b ,i w nev] admit t a =bidd5 & improp] action c be useful4 ,! matt] really resolves itself into ?is3 :i* is ! bett]1 to suff]1 or n to suff]8 ,x is c]ta9 t mo/ m5 w\ld pref] suff]+ mix$ ) enjoym5t1 to a /ate devoid ( bo? suff]+ & enjoym5t1 s ard5tly d we desire & ?ir/ aft] joy4 ,b ?is is beside ! "q1 because enjoym5t & pleasure1 prop]ly speak+1 are z impossible z suff]+ is inevitable4 ,i mean a suff]+ z cont9u\s z our nev] satisfi$ desire = pleasure & happ9ess1 & q ap>t f ! peculi> & accid5tal suff]+s :i* mu/ infallibly be exp]i5c$ by ev5 ! happie/ ( m54 ,9 tru?1 7 we c]ta9 t 9 cont9u+ to live1 we %\ld cont9ue ?us to suff]1 we %\ld h suffici5t reason to pref] dea? to life2 because exi/5ce does n conta9 a s+le g5u9e pleasure to comp5sate = su* suff]+1 ev5 if t 7 possible4 ,porphyrius4 ,x seems to me t ennui alone1 & ! fact t we _c hope = an improv$ exi/5ce1 are suffici5tly cog5t reasons to induce a desire = dea?1 ev5 ?\gh our condition be "o ( prosp]ity4 ,& x is (t5 a matt] ( surprise to me t we h no record ( pr9ces hav+ committ$ suicide ?r\gh ennui & we>9ess ( _! gr&eur1 l o!r m5 9 l[] /ations ( life4 ,we read h[ ,hegesias1 ! ,cyr5aic1 us$ to reason s eloqu5tly ab\t ! mis]ies ( life1 t 8 auditors /raightway w5t & committ$ suicide2 = :i* reason he 0 call$ ! dea? p]suad]1 & 0 at l5g? =bidd5 by ,ptolemy to hold fur!r disc\rse on ! subject4 ,c]ta9 pr9ces1 x is true1 h be5 suicides1 among/ o!rs ,mi?ridates1 ,cleopatra1 & ,o?o4 ,b ^! all put an end to !mselves to escape "s peculi> evils1 or f dread ( an increase ( mis=tune4 ,pr9ces are1 ,i imag9e1 m liable ?an o!r m5 to feel a hatr$ ( _! condition1 & to ?9k fav\rably ( suicide4 ,= h !y n rea*$ ! summit ( :at is call$ human happ9ess8 ,!y h no?+ to hope =1 because !y h ev]y?+ t =ms a "p ( ! s-call$ good ?+s ( ?is life4 ,!y _c anticipate great] pleasure to-morr[ ?an !y h enjoy$ to-day4 ,?us !y are m un=tunately situat$ ?an all less exalt$ p4 ,= ! pres5t is always sad & unsatisfactory2 ! future alone is a s\rce ( pleasure4 ,b be t z x may4 ,we see !n t !re is no?+ to prev5t m5 volunt>ily quitt+ life1 & pref]r+ dea?1 save ! fe> ( ano!r _w4 ,all o!r reasons are palpably ill-f\nd$4 ,!y are due to a wrong e/imate1 9 comp>+ ! advantages & evils ( exi/5ce2 & :oev] at any "t feels a /rong atta*m5t to life1 or lives 9 a /ate ( cont5tm5t1 does s "u a mi/ake1 ei!r ( judgm5t1 w1 or ev5 fact4 ,plot9us4 ,t is true1 de> ,porphyrius4 ,b nev]!less1 let me advise1 nay implore1 y to li/5 to ! c\nsels ( ,nature r ?an ,reason4 ,foll[ ! in/9cts ( t primitive ,nature1 "m ( u all1 :o1 ?\gh %e has manife/$ no affection = u 9 creat+ u = unhapp9ess1 is a less bitt] & cruel foe ?an our own reason1 ) its b\ndless curiosity1 speculation1 *att]+1 dreams1 ideas1 & mis]able le>n+4 ,besides1 ,nature has s\ght to dim9i% our unhapp9ess by conceal+ or disguis+ x f u z mu* z possible4 ,& al?\gh we are greatly *ang$1 & ! p[] ( nature )9 u is mu* less5$1 we are n s alt]$ b t mu* ( our =m] manhood rema9s1 & our primitive nature is n q /ifl$ )9 u4 ,9 spite ( all our folly1 x w nev] be o!rwise4 ,s1 too1 ! mi/ak5 view ( life t y m5tion1 al?\gh ,i admit t x is 9 reality palpably errone\s1 w cont9ue to prevail4 ,x is held n only by idiots & ! half-witt$1 b by clev]1 wise1 & le>n$ m51 & always w be1 unless ! ,nature t made u--& n man nor 8 reason--h]self puts an end to x4 ,& ,i assure y t nei!r disgu/ ( life1 nor despair1 nor ! s5se ( ! nullity ( ?+s1 ! vanity ( all anxiety1 & ! insignificance ( man1 nor hatr$ ( ! _w & oneself1 are ( long duration2 al?\gh su* dispositions ( m9d are p]fectly reasonable1 & ! contr>y unreasonable4 ,= our physical condition *anges mom5t>ily 9 m or less degree2 & (t5 )\t any especial cause life ende>s itself to u aga91 & new hopes give brightness to human ?+s1 :i* once m seem wor?y ( "s att5tion1 n inde$ f our und]/&+1 b f :at may be t]m$ ! high] s5ses ( ! intellect4 ,?is is :y ea* ( u1 ?\gh p]fectly aw>e ( ! tru?1 cont9ues to live 9 spite ( ,reason1 & con=ms to ! behavi\r ( o!rs2 = our life is controll$ by ^! s5ses1 & n by ! und]/&+4 ,:e!r suicide be reasonable1 or our compromise ) life unreasonable1 ! =m] is c]ta9ly a horrible & inhuman action4 ,x 7 bett] to foll[ ,nature1 & rema9 man1 ?an act l a mon/] 9 foll[+ ,reason4 ,besides1 ought we n to give "s ?\ght to ! fri5ds1 relatives1 acqua9tance1 & p ) :om we h be5 accu/om$ to live1 & f :om we %\ld ?us sep>ate = ev]8 ,& if ! ?\ght ( su* sep>ation be no?+ to u1 ought we n to consid] _! feel+s8 ,!y lose "o :om !y lov$ & respect$2 & ! atrocity ( 8 dea? enhances _! grief4 ,i "k t ! wise man is n easily mov$1 nor yields to pity & lam5tation to a disquiet+ ext5t2 he does n abase himself to ! gr\nd1 %$ te>s immod]ately1 nor d o!r simil> ?+s unwor?y ( "o :o cle>ly und]/&s ! condition ( humanity4 ,b su* =titude ( s\l %\ld be res]v$ = griev\s circum/ances t arise f nature1 or are unavoidable2 x is an abuse ( =titude to deprive ourselves = ev] ( ! society & conv]sation ( ^? :o are de> to u4 ,he is a b>b>ian1 & n a wise man1 :o takes no acc\nt ( ! grief exp]i5c$ by 8 fri5ds1 relations1 & acqua9tances4 ,he :o sc>cely tr\bles himself ab\t ! grief 8 dea? w\ld cause to 8 fri5ds & family is selfi%2 he c>es little = o!rs1 & all = himself4 ,& truly1 ! suicide ?9ks only ( himself4 ,he desires n\ght b 8 p]sonal welf>e1 & ?r[s away all ?\ght ( ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,9 %ort1 suicide is an action ( ! mo/ unqualifi$ & sordid egotism1 & is c]ta9ly ! lea/ attractive =m ( self-love t exi/s 9 ! _w4 ,f9ally1 my de> ,porphyrius1 ! tr\bles & evils ( life1 al?\gh _m & inevitable1 :51 z 9 y\r case1 unaccompani$ by griev\s calamity or bodily infirmity1 are aft] all easy to be borne1 especially by a wise & /rong man l y\rself4 ,& inde$1 life itself is ( s little importance1 t man ought n to tr\ble himself mu* ei!r to reta9 or ab&on x2 &1 )\t ?9k+ greatly ab\t x1 we ought to give ! =m] in/9ct prec$5ce ov] ! latt]4 ,if a fri5d begg$ y to d ?is1 :y %\ld y n gratify him8 ,n[ ,i e>ne/ly entreat y1 de> ,porphyrius1 by ! memory ( our long fri5d%ip1 put away ?is idea4 ,d n grieve y\r fri5ds1 :o love y ) su* w>m affection1 & y\r ,plot9us1#b :o has no de>] nor bett] fri5d 9 ! _w4 ,help u to be> ! burd5 ( life1 in/ead ( leav+ u )\t a ?\ght4 ,let u live1 de> ,porphyrius1#c & console ea* o!r4 ,let u n refuse our %>e ( ! suff]+s ( humanity1 apportion$ to u by de/9y4 ,let u cl+ to ea* o!r ) mutual enc\ragem5t1 & h& 9 h& /r5g!n "o ano!r bett] to be> ! tr\bles ( life4 ,our "t aft] all w be %ort2 & :5 dea? comes1 we w n compla94 ,9 ! la/ h\r1 our fri5ds & companions w com=t u1 & we %all be gladd5$ by ! ?\ght t aft] dea? we %all /ill live 9 _! memory1 & be lov$ by !m4 ,footnote #a3 ,ennui is a /ate only exp]i5c$ by ! intellig5t4 ,! great] ! m9d1 ! m con/ant1 pa9ful1 & t]rible is ! ennui x suff]s4 ,ennui is 9 "s respects ! sublime/ ( human s5tim5ts 7,leop>di's ,p5si]i ,nos4 lxvii4 & lxviii47 ,footnote #b3 ,plot9us 0 born #bjd ,a4,d4 ,he began tea*+ philosophy 9 ,rome1 & 0 highly e/eem$ at c\rt4 ,eunapius says ( him1 ,! heav5ly elevation ( 8 m9d1 & 8 p]plex$ /yle1 made him v tiresome & unpleasant4 ,he 0 ascetic 9 8 habits2 disp>ag$ patriotism2 depreciat$ mat]ial ?+s2 purposely =got 8 bir?day2 & act$ altoge!r r z a spectator ( o!r m5's lives ?an z a liv+ man himself4 ,footnote #c3 ,porphyrius 0 born #bcc ,a4,d4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,plot9us1 & l him e/abli%$ a s*ool ( philosophy at ,rome4 ,f /udy ( ! writ+s ( ,plot9us he fell into a /ate ( disgu/ ) life1 & retir+ f ,rome1 liv$ alone 9 a solit>y & wild "p ( ,sicily4 ,"h he det]m9$ to put an end to 8 life by />vation4 ,he 0 f\nd by ,plot9us1 :o _h foll[$ him f ,rome1 9 a /ate ( extreme weakness1 & 01 by 8 wise c\nsels1 dissuad$ f complet+ 8 int5tion4 ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,la/ ,,words ,,( ,,m>cus ,,brutus ,,& ,,!ophra/us4 ,i ?9k1 9 all anci5t hi/ory !re c be f\nd no words m lam5table & t]rify+1 yet )al1 speak+ humanly1 m true1 ?an ^? utt]$ by ,m>cus ,brutus %ortly be=e dea?1 9 disp>agem5t ( virtue4 ,?is is :at1 accord+ to ,dionysius ,cassius1 he is report$ to h said3-- ,o mis]able virtue6 ,?\ art b a m]e phrase1 & ,i h foll[$ !e1 z ?\gh ?\ w]t a reality4 ,fate is /rong] ?an !e4 ,plut>*1 9 8 life ( ,brutus1 makes no m5tion ( ?is1 :i* has induc$ ,pi] ,vettori to conclude t ,cassius has "h tak5 lic5ce 9 prose (t5 accord$ to poetry4 ,b its tru? is confirm$ by ! witness ( ,florus1 :o /ates t ,brutus1 :5 at ! po9t ( dea?1 exclaim$1 t virtue 0 an expression1 & n a reality4 ,_m p are %ock$ at ^? words ( ,brutus1 & blame him = utt]+ !m4 ,!y inf] f _! mean+1 ei!r t virtue is a seal$ book to !m1 or else t !y h nev] exp]i5c$ ill-=tune4 ,! =m] inf]5ce alone is cr$ible4 ,9 any case1 x is c]ta9 !y b slightly und]/&1 & /ill less realise ! unhapp9ess ( human affairs1 or else !y /upidly wond] :y ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity 7 n 9 =ce be=e ! "t ( ,*ri/4 ,o!r p int]pret ^! words z demon/rat+ t ,brutus 0 n aft] all ! noble & pi\s man he 0 suppos$ to h be54 ,!y imag9e t j be=e dea? he ?rew (f ! mask4 ,b !y are wrong2 & if !y give ,brutus cr$it = s9c]ity 9 utt]+ ^! words 9 repudiation ( virtue1 let !m consid] h[ x 7 possible = him to ab&on :at he nev] possess$1 or to disassociate himself f t ) :i* he nev] _h any association4 ,if !y ?9k he 0 ins9c]e1 & spoke design$ly & ) o/5tation1 let !m expla9 :at object he c\ld h 9 speak+ va9 & fallaci\s words1 & imm$iately aft]w>ds act+ 9 accordance ) !m8 ,are facts d5iable1 simply because !y are n 9 h>mony ) words8 ,brutus 0 a man ov]:elm$ by a great & unavoidable cata/rophe4 ,he 0 di%e>t5$1 & we>i$ ) life & =tune1 & hav+ ab&on$ all desires & hopes1 ! deceitfulness ( :i* he _h exp]i5c$1 he det]m9$ to take 8 de/9y into 8 own h&s1 & to put an end to 8 unhapp9ess4 ,:y %\ld he1 at ! v mom5t ( et]nal sep>ation f 8 fell[s1 tr\ble to hunt ! phantom ( glory1 & /udy to give =? words & ?\ghts to deceive ^? ar\nd him1 & to ga9 human e/eem1 :5 he 0 ab\t to leave humanity = ev]8 ,:at 0 x to him t he might ga9 a reputation on t e>? :i* appe>$ s hateful & contemptible to him8 ,^! words ( ,brutus are well kn[n to mo/ ( u4 ,! foll[+ utt]ance ( ,!ophra/us at ! po9t ( dea? is1 ,i believe1 less kn[n1 ?\gh v wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,x =ms a p>allel ) t ( ,brutus1 bo? z to its sub/ance & "t ( deliv]y4 ,diog5es ,la]tius m5tions x1 n1 9 my op9ion1 z orig9al to himself1 b z an extract f "s m anci5t & important "w4 ,he says t ,!ophra/us1 j be=e dea?1 be+ ask$ by 8 disciples :e!r he w\ld leave !m any tok5 or words ( advice1 repli$3 ,none1 except t man despises & rejects _m pleasures = ! sake ( glory4 ,b no soon] does he beg9 to live ?an dea? ov]takes him4 ,h5ce ! love ( glory is z fatal a ?+ z possible4 ,/rive to live happily3 ab&on /udies1 :i* are a we>9ess2 or cultivate !m only s t !y may br+ y fame4 ,life is m va9 ?an useful4 ,z = me1 ,i h no "t to ?9k m ab\t x2 y mu/ /udy :at is mo/ exp$i5t4 ,s say+1 he di$4 ,o!r say+s ( ,!ophra/us on ?is occasion are m5tion$ by ,cic]o & ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,^! are bett] kn[n1 b h no?+ to d ) our subject4 ,x w\ld seem t ,!ophra/us liv$ to ! age ( m ?an a hundr$1 hav+ devot$ all 8 lifetime to /udy & writ+1 & hav+ be5 an unwe>i$ pursu] ( glory4 ,suidas says t 8 dea? 0 due to ! excess ( 8 /udies1 & t he di$ surr\nd$ by ab\t two ?\s& ( 8 disciples & foll[]s1 rev]5c$ = 8 wisdom ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,greece1 regrett+ 8 pursuit ( glory1 j z ,brutus rep5t$ ( virtue4 ,^! two words1 glory & virtue1 7 by ! anci5ts reg>d$ z almo/ synonym\s 9 mean+1 ?\gh x is n s 9 ! pres5t day4 ,!ophra/us did n inde$ say t glory is m frequ5tly a matt] ( =tune ?an m]it1 :i* is (t5] true n[ ?an 9 =m] times2 b _h he said s1 !re w\ld h be5 no diff]5ce betwe5 8 idea & t ( ,brutus4 ,su* abjurations1 or r apo/asies1 ( ^? noble errors :i* beautify1 nay compose our v life1 are ( daily occurr5ce4 ,!y are due to ! fact t ! human intellig5ce 9 process ( "t discov]s1 n only ! nak$ness1 b ev5 ! skeleton ( ?+s3 wisdom also1 :i* 0 reg>d$ by ! anci5ts z ! consolation & *ief cure = our unhapp9ess1 has be5 oblig$ to impea* our condition1 & almo/ requires a consolation = itself1 s9ce _h n m5 foll[$ x1 !y w\ld n h kn[n ! greatness ( _! mis=tune1 or at lea/ w\ld h be5 able to rem$y x ) hope4 ,b ! anci5ts us$ to believe1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,nature1 t ?+s 7 ?+s1 & n appe>ances1 & t human life 0 de/9$ to p>take ( happ9ess z well z unhapp9ess4 ,consequ5tly1 su* apo/asies z ^! 7 v r>e1 & 7 ! result n ( passions & vices1 b ( a s5tim5t & realisation ( ! tru? ( ?+s4 ,!re=e !y des]ve c>eful & philosophical consid]ation4 ,! words ( ,!ophra/us are ! m surpris+ :5 we ?9k ( ! circum/ances 9 :i* he di$4 ,he 0 prosp]\s & successful2 & x w\ld seem z ?\gh he c\ld n h a s+le cause = regret4 ,8 *ief aim1 glory1 he _h succe$$ 9 acquir+ long ago4 ,! utt]ance ( ,brutus1 on ! o!r h&1 0 "o ( ^? inspirations ( mis=tune :i* sometimes op5 out a new _w to our m9ds1 & p]suade u ( tru?s t require a long "t = ! m]e intellig5ce to discov]4 ,mis=tune may inde$ be comp>$ 9 its effect to ! fr5zy ( lyric poets1 :o at a glance1 z if situat$ 9 a l(ty place1 take 9 z mu* ( ! doma9 ( human k z requires _m c5turies be=e x be disc]n$ by philosoph]s4 ,9 almo/ all anci5t writ+s 7:e!r philosophical1 poetical1 hi/orical1 or aught else71 we meet ) _m v sorr[ful expressions1 common en\gh to u n[adays1 b /range to ! p ( ^? times4 ,^! s5t5ces1 h[ev]1 7 mo/ly due to ! innate or accid5tal mis=tune ( ! writ]1 or ! p]sons :o spoke !m1 :e!r imag9>y or real4 ,& r>ely we f9d on ! monum5ts ( ! anci5ts any expression ( ! sadness or ennui :i* !y felt because ( ! unreality ( happ9ess1 or _! mis=tunes1 :e!r natural1 or due to =ce ( circum/ances4 ,= :5 !y suff]$1 !y lam5t$ _! suff]+s z ! only h9drance to _! happ9ess1 :i* !y n only consid]$ x possible to obta91 b ev5 man's "r1 al?\gh ,fate prov$ sometimes too /rong4 ,n[1 let u seek :at c\ld h plac$ 9 ! m9d ( ,!ophra/us ?is s5tim5t ab\t ! vanity ( glory & life1 :i*1 consid]+ 8 epo* & nation1 is an extraord9>y "o4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we f9d t ! /udies ( ?is philosoph] 7 n limit$ to "o or two bran*es ( sci5ce4 ,! record ( 8 writ+s1 :i* are mo/ly lo/1 in=ms u t 8 k includ$ little less ?an ev]y?+ !n kn[able4 ,& ?is univ]sal sci5ce 0 n l t ( ,plato1 subord9at$ to 8 imag9ation1 b con=m$ to ! tea*+ ( ,ari/otle 9 be+ ! result ( exp]i5ce & reason2 its aim1 too1 0 n ! discov]y ( ! beautiful1 b t :i* is its especial contr>y1 ! useful4 ,?is be+ s1 x is n wond]ful t ,!ophra/us %\ld atta9 to ! height ( human wisdom1--t is1 a k ( ! vanity ( life1 & wisdom itself4 ,= x is a fact t ! num]\s discov]ies made rec5tly by philosoph]s ab\t ! nature ( m5 & ?+s1 are *iefly ! result ( a comp>ison & syn!sis ( ! diff]5t sci5ces & /udies1 :]eby ! mutual connection betwe5 ! mo/ di/ant p>ts ( nature is demon/rat$4 ,besides1 f 8 book ( ,*>act]s we le>n h[ cle>ly ,!ophra/us disc]n$ ! qualities & mann]s ( m52 inde$1 ) ! exception ( ! poets1 v few anci5t writ]s equal him 9 ?is respect4 ,& ?is faculty is ! sure sign ( a m9d capable ( num]\s1 div]se1 & p[]ful s5sations4 ,=1 to produce a ke5 repres5tation ( ! moral qualities & passions ( m51 ! writ] relies less on :at actual facts he may h collect$1 or obs]vations made1 ab\t ! mann]s ( o!rs1 ?an on 8 own m9d1 ev5 ?\gh 8 p]sonal habits be v diff]5t f ^? ( 8 subjects4 ,massillon 0 ask$ "o day :at enabl$ him to describe s naturally ! habits & feel+s ( m51 :o1 l himself1 liv$ m 9 solitude ?an society4 ,he repli$3 ,i contemplate myself4 ,dramati/s & o!r poets d ! same ?+4 ,n[ a _m-sid$ m9d1 subtle 9 disc]nm5t1 _c b feel ! nak$ness & absolute unhapp9ess ( life2 x acquires a t5d5cy to sadness aft] m$itation excit$ by num]\s /udies1 especially su* z are conc]n$ ) ! v ess5ce ( ?+s1 l ! speculative sci5ces4 ,x is c]ta9 t ,!ophra/us1 :o lov$ /udy & glory above ev]y?+1 & 0 ma/] or r f\nd] ( a v num]\s s*ool1 knew & =mally ann\nc$ ! uselessness ( human ex]tions1 includ+ 8 own tea*+ & t ( o!rs2 ! little aff9ity exi/+ betwe5 virtue & happ9ess ( life2 & ! sup]ior p[] ( =tune to m]it 9 ! acquirem5t ( happ9ess1 equally among ! wise & o!rs4 ,9 ?is respect1 p]haps1 he 0 sup]ior to all ! ,greek philosoph]s1 especially ^? prec$+ ,epicurus1 f :om bo? 9 mann]s & ?\ght he 0 ess5tially diff]5t4 ,?is is ow+ p>tly to circum/ances already m5tion$1 & is also due to o!r ?+s ref]r$ to by anci5t writ]s on ! subject ( 8 tea*+ ,x w\ld seem z ?\gh 8 own fate has prov$ ! tru? ( 8 doctr9e4 ,= he is n e/eem$ by mod]n philosoph]s z he ought to be1 s9ce all 8 moral writ+s are lo/1 ) ! exception ( 8 ,*>act]s4 ,8 writ+s1 too1 on ! subjects ( politics & laws1 & almo/ all ^? relat+ to metaphysics1 are also miss+4 ,besides1 ! anci5t philosoph]s 7 little incl9$ to give him cr$it = ke5] p]ception ?an !y possess$2 on ! contr>y1 _m ( !m1 especially su* z 7 %all[ & conceit$1 blam$ & ill-treat$ him4 ,^! m5 taught t ! wise man is ess5tially happy1 & t virtue & wisdom suffice to procure happ9ess2 al?\gh !y 7 only too well aw>e ( ! contr>y1 ev5 suppos+ !y _h any real k ( ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,philosoph]s w nev] be cur$ ( ?is idea4 ,ev5 ! philosophy ( ! pres5t day tea*es ! same ?+2 :]eas1 correctly speak+1 x c only say t ev]y?+ beautiful1 delightful1 & great1 is m]e falsity & no?+ness4 ,b to return to ,!ophra/us4 ,mo/ ( ! anci5ts 7 incapable ( ! pr(\nd & sorr[ful s5tim5t t inspir$ him4 ,!ophra/us is r\ghly h&l$ by all ! philosoph]s 9 _! writ+s & s*ools = hav+ prais$ ?is say+ ( ,calli/h5es3 ',=tune1 n wisdom1 is ! mi/ress ( life4' ,!y consid] t no philosoph] ev] gave expression to a weak] s5tim5t4 ,s says ,cic]o1 :o 9 ano!r place rem>ks t ,!ophra/us 9 8 book ab\t ,! ,happy ,life1 attribut$ mu* influ5ce to =tune1 :i* he consid]$ a mo/ important factor ( happ9ess4 ,aga91 he adds1 ,let u make mu* use ( ,!ophra/us2 b give virtue m reality & value ?an he gave to x4 ,p]haps x may be imag9$ f ^! rem>ks t ,!ophra/us _h little sympa?y ) ! weaknesses ( human nature1 & t he wag$ w> aga9/ _! influ5ce 9 public & private life1 bo? by 8 writ+s & actions4 ,x might also be ?\ght t he w\ld re/rict ! empire ( ! imag9ation 9 fav\r ( t ( reason4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 he did j ! contr>y4 ,conc]n+ 8 actions1 we read 9 ,plut>*'s book aga9/ ,colotes t our philosoph] twice fre$ 8 c\ntry f a tyranny4 ,z = 8 tea*+s1 ,cic]o says t ,!ophra/us 9 a writ+ on ! subject ( ,weal?1 dilat$ at consid]able l5g? on ! advantages ( magnific5ce & pomp at ! %[s & national fe/ivals2 inde$ he consid]$ ! *ief usefulness ( ri*es to lie 9 ! consequ5t p[] ( exp5diture t accompani$ !m4 ,?is idea is blam$ & ridicul$ by ,cic]o1 ) :om1 h[ev]1 ,i w n discuss ! "q1 = 8 sup]ficial k ( philosophy might h easily l$ him to a wrong conclusion4 ,i imag9e ,cic]o to h be5 a man ri* 9 civil & dome/ic virtues1 b ignorant ( ! greate/ /imulants & bulw>ks ( virtue t ! _w possesses1 namely1 ^? ?+s t are peculi>ly adapt$ to excite & ar\se ! m9d1 & ex]cise ! p[]s ( ! imag9ation4 ,i w m]ely say t ^? m5 among1 ! anci5ts & mod]ns :o knew be/ & realis$ mo/ /rongly & deeply ! nullity ( ev]y?+1 & ! =ce ( tru?1 h n only refra9$ f endeav\r+ to lead o!rs to _! condition1 b h ev5 lab\r$ h>d to conceal & disguise x f !mselves4 ,!y act$ l m5 :o _h le>nt f exp]i5ce ! wret*$ness t result$ f wisdom & k4 ,_m celebrat$ examples ( ?is are furni%$1 especially 9 rec5t times4 ,truly1 if our philosoph]s fully und]/ood :at !y endeav\r to tea*1 & realis$ 9 _! own p]sons ! consequ5ces ( _! philosophy1 in/ead ( welcom+ _! k1 !y w\ld hate & abhor x4 ,!y w\ld /rive to =get :at !y "k1 & to %ut' _! eyes to t :i* !y see4 ,!y w\ld take refuge1 z _! be/ res\rce1 9 ^? sweet unrealities1 :i* ,nature h]self has plac$ 9 all our m9ds2 nor w\ld !y ?9k x well to en=ce on o!rs ! doctr9e ( ! no?+ness ( all ?+s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 desire ( glory %\ld incite !m to d ?is la/1 !y w admit t 9 ?is "p ( ! univ]se we c only live by putt+ fai? 9 ?+s t are non-exi/5t4 ,!re is ano!r consid]able diff]5ce betwe5 ! circum/ances ( ,!ophra/us & ,brutus1 t ( "t4 ,:5 ,!ophra/us liv$1 ! influ5ce ( ^? fictions & phantoms :i* rul$ ! ?\ghts & actions ( ! anci5ts1 _h n dep>t$4 ,! epo* ( ,brutus1 on ! o!r h&1 may be t]m$ ! la/ age ( ! imag9ation4 ,k & exp]i5ce ( ! tru? prevail$ among/ ! p4 ,_h x n be5 s1 ,brutus ne$ n h fl$ f life z he did1 & ! ,roman republic w\ld n h di$ ) him4 ,& n only ! republic1 b also ! :ole ( antiquity1 t is1 ! old cu/oms & *>act]i/ics ( ! civilis$ _w1 7 at ! po9t ( dea?1 toge!r ) ! op9ions :i* gave bir? to1 & support$ !m4 ,life _h already lo/ its value1 & wise m5 s\ght to console !mselves n s mu* = _! fate z = exi/5ce itself2 because !y reg>d$ x z incr$ible t man %\ld be born ess5tially & solely = mis]y4 ,?us !y arriv$ at ! conception ( ano!r life1 :i* might expla9 ! reason ( virtue & noble actions4 ,su* explanation _h hi!rto be5 f\nd 9 life itself1 b 0 s no long]1 nor 0 x ev] aga9 to be f\nd !re4 ,to ^! ideas ( futurity are due ! noble s5tim5ts (t5 express$ by ,cic]o1 especially 9 8 oration = ,ar*ias4 ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,tri/ano ,,& ,a ,,fri5d4 ,fri5d4 ,i h read y\r book4 ,x is z melan*oly z usual4 ,tri/ano4 ,yes1 z usual4 ,fri5d4 ,melan*oly1 disconsolate1 hopeless4 ,x is cle> t ?is life appe>s to y an abom9able ?+4 ,tri/ano4 ,h[ c ,i excuse myself8 ,i 0 !n s firmly conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( my notion ab\t ! unhapp9ess ( life4 ,fri5d4 ,unhappy x may be4 ,b ev5 !n1 :at good 444 ,tri/ano4 ,no1 no2 on ! contr>y1 x is v happy4 ,i h *ang$ my op9ion n[4 ,b :5 ,i wrote ?is book ,i _h t folly 9 my head1 z ,i tell y4 ,& ,i 0 s full ( x1 t ,i %\ld h expect$ any?+ r ?an to d\bt ! tru? ( :at ,i wrote on ! subject4 ,= ,i ?\ght ! consci5ce ( e read] w\ld assur$ly be> witness to ! tru? ( my /atem5ts4 ,i imag9$ !re might be diff]5ces ( op9ion z to ! use or h>m ( my writ+s1 b none z to _! tru?4 ,i also believ$ t my lam5tations1 s9ce !y 7 ar\s$ by mis=tunes common to all1 w\ld be e*o$ 9 ! he>t ( e "o :o he>d !m4 ,& :5 ,i aft]w>ds felt impell$ to d5y1 n m]ely "s p>ticul> obs]vation1 b ! :ole fabric ( my book1 & to say t life is n unhappy1 & t if x seem$ s to me1 x mu/ h be5 ! effect ( illness1 or "s o!r mis=tune peculi> to myself1 ,i 0 at fir/ amaz$1 a/oni%$1 petrifi$1 & = sev]al days z ?\gh transport$ into ano!r _w4 ,!n ,i began to ?9k1 & 0 a little irritat$ ) myself4 ,f9ally ,i laugh$1 & said to myself t ! human race possesses a *>act]i/ic common to husb&s4 ,= a m>ri$ man :o wi%es to live a quiet life1 relies on ! fidelity ( 8 wife1 ev5 :5 half ! _w kn[s %e is fai?less4 ,simil>ly1 :5 a man takes up 8 abode 9 any c\ntry1 he makes up 8 m9d to reg>d x z "o ( ! be/ c\ntries 9 ! _w1 & he does s4 ,= ! same reason1 m51 desir+ to live1 agree to consid] life a delightful & valuable ?+2 !y !re=e believe x to be s1 & are angry ) :oev] is ( ! contr>y op9ion4 ,h5ce x foll[s1 t 9 reality p always believe1 n ! tru?1 b :at is1 or appe>s to be1 be/ = !m4 ,! human race1 :i* has believ$1 & w cont9ue to put fai? 9 s _m absurdities1 w nev] ackn[l$ge t x kn[s no?+1 t x is no?+1 & t x has no?+ to hope4 ,no philosoph] tea*+ any "o ( ^! ?ree ?+s w\ld be successful1 nor w\ld he h foll[]s1 & ! populace especially w\ld refuse to believe 9 him4 ,=1 ap>t f ! fact t all ?ree doctr9es h little to recomm5d !m to any "o :o wi%es to live1 ! two fir/ (f5d man's pride1 & !y all require c\rage & /r5g? ( m9d 9 him :o accepts !m4 ,n[1 m5 are c[>ds1 ( ignoble & n>r[ m9ds1 & always anticipat+ good1 because always ready to v>y _! ideas ( good accord+ to ! necessities ( life4 ,!y are v will+1 z ,petr>* says1 to surr5d] to =tune2 v eag] & det]m9$ to console !mselves 9 any mis=tune2 & to accept any comp5sation 9 ex*ange = :at is d5i$ !m1 or = t :i* !y h lo/2 & to accommodate !mselves to any condition ( life1 h[ev] wick$ & b>b>\s4 ,:5 depriv$ ( any desirable ?+1 !y n\ri% !mselves on illusions1 f :i* !y d]ive z mu* satisfaction z if _! conceptions 7 ! mo/ g5u9e & real ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,z = me1 ,i _c refra9 f laugh+ at ! human race1 enam\r$ ( life1 j z ! p 9 ! s\? ( ,europe laugh at husb&s enam\r$ ( fai?less wives4 ,i consid] m5 %[ v little c\rage 9 ?us all[+ !mselves to be deceiv$ & delud$ l fools2 !y are n only cont5t to be> ! greate/ suff]+s1 b also are will+ to be z x 7 puppets ( ,nature & ,de/9y4 ,i "h ref] to ! deceptions ( ! intellect1 n ! imag9ation4 ,:e!r ^! s5tim5ts ( m9e are ! result ( illness1 ,i d n "k2 b ,i d "k t1 well or ill1 ,i despise m5's c[>dice1 ,i reject e *ildi% consolation & illusive com=t1 & am c\rage\s en\gh to be> ! deprivation ( e hope1 to look /eadily on ! des]t ( life1 to hide no "p ( our unhapp9ess1 & to accept all ! consequ5ces ( a philosophy1 sorr[ful b true4 ,?is philosophy1 if ( no o!r use1 gives ! c\rage\s man ! pr\d satisfaction ( be+ able to r5d asund] ! cloak t conceals ! hidd5 & my/]i\s cruelty ( human de/9y4 ,?is ,i said to myself1 almo/ z ?\gh ,i 7 ! inv5tor ( ?is bitt] philosophy1 :i* ,i saw reject$ by e "o z a new & unhe>d-( ?+4 ,b1 on reflection1 ,i f\nd t x dat$ f ! "t ( ,solomon1 ,hom]1 & ! mo/ anci5t poets & philosoph]s1 :o ab\nd ) fables & say+s :i* express ! unhapp9ess ( human life4 ,"o says t man is ! mo/ mis]able ( ! animals4 ,ano!r t1 x 7 bett] n to be born1 or1 be+ born1 to die 9 ! cradle4 ,aga91 :om ! gods love1 die "y2 besides numb]less o!r simil> say+s4 ,& ,i also rememb]$ t f !n ev5 until n[1 all poets1 philosoph]s1 & writ]s1 great & small1 h 9 "o way or ano!r e*o$ & confirm$ ! same doctr9es4 ,!n ,i began to ?9k aga91 & sp5t a long "t 9 a /ate ( wond]1 contempt1 & laught]4 ,at l5g? ,i turn$ to /udy ! matt] m deeply1 & came to ! conclusion t man's unhapp9ess is "o ( ! innate errors ( ! m9d1 & t ! refutation ( ?is idea1 ?r\gh ! demon/ration ( ! happ9ess ( life1 is "o ( ! greate/ discov]ies ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,n[1 !re=e1 ,i am at peace1 & confess ,i 0 wrong to hold ! views ,i previ\sly held4 ,fri5d4 ,!n h y *ang$ y\r op9ion8 ,tri/ano4 ,( c\rse4 ,d y imag9e ,i %\ld oppose ! discov]ies ( ! n9ete5? c5tury8 ,fri5d4 ,d y believe all ! c5tury believes8 ,tri/ano4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,:y n8 ,fri5d4 ,y believe !n 9 ! inf9ite p]fectibility ( ! human race1 d y n8 ,tri/ano4 ,und\bt$ly4 ,fri5d4 ,d y also believe t ! human race actually progresses daily8 ,tri/ano4 ,assur$ly4 ,x is true t sometimes ,i ?9k "o ( ! anci5ts 0 physically wor? f\r ( u4 ,& ! body is ! man2 because 7ap>t f all else7 high-m9d$ness1 c\rage1 ! passions1 capacity = action & enjoym5t1 & all t ennobles & vivifies life1 dep5d on ! vig\r ( ! body1 )\t :i* !y _c exi/4 ,! weak man is n a man1 b a *ild1 & less ?an a *ild1 because x is 8 fate to /& aside & see o!rs live4 ,all he c d is to *att]4 ,life is n = him4 ,h5ce 9 old5 times1 & ev5 9 m enlight5$ ages1 weakness ( body 0 reg>d$ z ignom9i\s4 ,b ) u1 x is v long s9ce education deign$ to ?9k ( su* a base & abject ?+ z ! body4 ,! m9d is its sole c>e4 ,yet1 9 its endeav\rs to cultivate ! m9d1 x de/roys ! body )\t p]ceiv+ t ! =m] is also necess>ily de/roy$4 ,& ev5 if x 7 possible to rem$y ?is false sy/em ( education1 x w\ld be impossible to discov]1 )\t a radical *ange 9 ! /ate ( mod]n society1 any cure = ! o!r inconv5i5ces ( life1 :e!r public or private4 ,ev]y?+ t =m]ly t5d$ to pres]ve & p]fect ! body1 seems to-day to be 9 conspiracy = its de/ruction4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t1 comp>$ ) ! anci5ts1 we are little bett] ?an *ildr51 & !y 9 comp>ison ) u may inde$ be t]m$ p]fect m54 ,i ref] equally to individuals 9 comp>ison ) individuals1 z to ! masses 7to use ?is mo/ expressive mod]n t]m7 comp>$ to ! masses4 ,i w add also t ! sup]ior vig\r ( ! anci5ts is manife/$ 9 _! moral & metaphysical sy/ems4 ,b ,i d n all[ myself to be influ5c$ by su* trifl+ objections1 & ,i firmly believe t ! human race is p]petually 9 a /ate ( progression4 ,fri5d4 ,y believe also1 if ,i rightly und]/& y1 t k1 or1 z1 x is call$1 enlight5m5t1 cont9ually increases4 ,tri/ano4 ,assur$ly4 ,al?\gh ,i obs]ve t ! desire ( k gr[s 9 proportion z ! appreciation = /udy dim9i%es4 ,&1 a/oni%+ to say1 if y c\nt up ! numb] ( truly le>n$ m5 :o liv$ contemporane\sly a hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago1 or ev5 lat]1 y w f9d !m incomp>ably m num]\s ?an at pres5t4 ,x may p]haps be said t le>n$ p are r>e n[adays because k is m univ]sally dissem9at$1 in/ead ( be+ conf9$ to ! heads ( a few2 & t ! multitude ( educat$ p comp5sate = ! r>ity ( le>n$ p4 ,b k is n l ri*es1 :i* :e!r divid$ or accumulat$1 always make ! same total4 ,9 a c\ntry :]e e "o kn[s a little1 ! total k is small2 because k begets k1 b w n be> disp]sion4 ,= sup]ficial in/ruction _c inde$ be divid$ among/ _m1 ?\gh x may be common to _m unle>n$ m54 ,g5u9e k belongs only to ! le>n$1 & dep? 9 k to ! few t are v le>n$4 ,&1 ) r>e exceptions1 only ! man :o is v le>n$1 & possess$ ( an imm5se fund ( k1 is able to add mat]ially to ! sum ( human sci5ce4 ,n[1 9 ! pres5t "t1 x is daily m difficult to discov] a really le>n$ man1 save p]haps 9 ,g]many1 :]e sci5ce is n yet de?ron$4 ,i utt] ^! reflections simply = ! sake ( a little talk & philosophis+1 n because ,i d\bt = a s+le mom5t ! tru? ( :at y say4 ,inde$1 7 ,i to see ! _w q full ( ignorant impo/ors on ! "o h&1 & presumptu\s fools on ! o!r1 ,i %\ld /ill hold to my pres5t belief t k & enlight5m5t are on ! increase4 ,fri5d4 ,( c\rse1 !n1 y believe t ?is c5tury is sup]ior to all ! prec$+ ones8 ,tri/ano4 ,decid$ly4 ,all ! c5turies h _h ?is op9ion ( !mselves2 ev5 ^? ( ! mo/ b>b>\s ages4 ,! pres5t c5tury ?9ks s1 & ,i agree ) x4 ,b if y ask$ me 9 :at x is sup]ior to ! o!rs1 & :e!r 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ! body or ! m9d1 ,i %\ld ref] y to :at ,i said j n[ on ! subject ( progress4 ,fri5d4 ,9 %ort1 to sum x up 9 two words1 d y agree ) :at ! j\rnals say ab\t nature1 & human de/9y8 ,we are n n[ talk+ ( lit]ature or politics1 on :i* subjects _! op9ion is indisputable4 ,tri/ano4 ,precisely4 ,i b[ be=e ! pr(\nd philosophy ( ! j\rnals1 :i* w 9 "t sup]s$e e o!r bran* ( lit]ature1 & e s]i\s & exact+ /udy4 ,! j\rnals are ! guides & lights ( ! pres5t age4 ,is x n s8 ,fri5d4 ,v true4 ,unless y are speak+ ironically1 y h become "o ( u4 ,tri/ano4 ,yes4 ,c]ta9ly ,i h4 ,fri5d4 ,!n :at %all y d ) y\r book8 ,w y all[ x to g d[n to po/]ity1 convey+ doctr9es s contr>y to ! op9ions y n[ hold8 ,tri/ano4 ,to po/]ity8 ,p]mit me to laugh1 s9ce y are no d\bt jok+2 if ,i ?\ght o!rwise1 ,i %\ld laugh all ! m4 ,= x is n a p]sonal matt]1 b "o relat+ to ! individuals & individual ?+s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury2 ab\t :om & :i* !re is no fe> ( ! judgm5t ( po/]ity1 s9ce !y w "k no m ab\t ! matt] ?an _! ance/ors knew4 ,individuals are eclips$ 9 ! cr[d1 z our mod]n ?9k]s elegantly say2 :i* means1 t ! individual ne$ n put himself to any inconv5i5ce1 because1 :atev] 8 m]it1 he c nei!r hope = ! mis]able rew>d ( glory1 9 reality1 nor 9 8 dreams4 ,leave !re=e ! masses to !mselves2 al?\gh ,i w\ld ask ! wiseacres :o illum9e ! _w 9 ! pres5t day1 to expla9 h[ ! masses c d any?+ )\t ! help ( ! individuals t compose !m4 ,b to return to my book1 & po/]ity4 ,books n[ are g5]ally writt5 9 less "t ?an is necess>y = read+ !m4 ,_! wor? is proportion$ to _! co/1 & _! longevity to _! value4 ,x is my op9ion t ! tw5tie? c5tury w make a v clean sweep ( ! imm5se bibliography ( ! n9ete5?4 ,p]haps h[ev] x w say some?+ to ?is effect3 ,we h "h :ole libr>ies ( books :i* h co/ "s tw5ty1 "s ?irty ye>s ( lab\r1 & "s less1 b all h requir$ v great ex]tion2 let u read ^! fir/1 because x is probable !re is mu* to be le>nt f !m4 ,^! at an end1 we w pass to light] lit]ature4 ,my fri5d1 ?is is a pu]ile age1 & ! few m5 rema9+ are oblig$ to hide !mselves = v %ame1 resembl+1 z !y d1 a well-=m$ man 9 a l& ( cripples4 ,& ^! good y\?s ( ! c5tury are desir\s ( do+ all t _! ance/ors did4 ,l *ildr5 !y wi% to act on ! spur ( ! mom5t1 )\t any labori\s prep>ation4 ,!y w\ld l ! progress ( ! age to be su* z to exempt !m & _! successors f all fatigu+ /udy & application 9 ! acquirem5t ( k4 ,= in/ance1 a comm]cial fri5d ( m9e told me ! o!r day t ev5 m$iocrity has become v r>e4 ,sc>cely any "o is fit to fulfil prop]ly ! duty :i* devolves ^u him1 ei!r by necessity or *oice4 ,?is seems to me to m>k ! true di/9ction betwe5 ?is c5tury & ! prec$+ ones4 ,at all times greatness has be5 r>e2 b 9 =m] c5turies m$iocrity prevail$1 :]eas 9 our c5tury nullity prevails4 ,all p wi% to be ev]y?+4 ,h5ce1 !re is su* confusion & riot1 t no att5tion is paid to ! few great m5 :o are /ill to be f\nd1 & :o are unable to =ce a way ?r\gh ! va/ multitude ( rivals4 ,?us1 :il/ ! l[e/ p believe !mselves illu/ri\s1 obscurity & success 9 no?+ is ! common fate bo? ( ! highe/ & l[e/4 ,b1 long live /ati/ics6 ,long live ! sci5ces1 economical1 moral1 & political2 ! pocket encyclopdias2 ! manuals ( ev]y?+2 & all ! o!r f9e creations ( our age6 ,& may ! n9ete5? c5tury live = ev]6 ,= ?\gh poor 9 results1 x is yet v ri* & great 9 promise1 :i*' is well kn[n to be ! be/ ( signs4 ,let u !re=e console ourselves t = sixty-six#a m ye>s ?is admirable c5tury w h ! talk+ to itself1 & w be able to utt] its own op9ions4 ,fri5d4 ,y speak1 x seems1 some:at ironically4 ,b y ought at lea/ to rememb] t ?is is a c5tury ( transition4 ,tri/ano4 ,:at d y inf] f t8 ,all c5turies h be51 & w be1 m or less transitional2 because human society is nev] /ation>y1 & w nev] at any "t atta9 to a fix$ condition4 ,x foll[s !re=e t ?is f9e ^w is ei!r no excuse = ! n9ete5? c5tury1 or is "o common to all ! c5turies4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :e!r ! transition n[ 9 progress is f good to bett]1 or f bad to worse4 ,b p]haps y mean to say t ! pres5t age is especially transitional1 inasmu* z x is a rapid passage f "o /ate ( civilisation to ano!r1 absolutely diff]5t4 ,9 :i* case ,i w\ld ask y\r p]mission to laugh at ?is rapidity4 ,e transition requires a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t1 & :5 too rapidly accompli%$1 inv>iably relapses1 & ! progress has to recomm5ce f ! v beg9n+4 ,?us x has always be54 ,= nature does n advance by leaps2 & :5 =c$1 no durable result is obta9$4 ,9 %ort1 precipit\s transitions are only app>5t transitions1 & d n repres5t g5u9e progress4 ,fri5d4 ,i advise y n to talk 9 ?is fa%ion ) e "o1 because if y d y w ga9 _m enemies4 ,tri/ano4 ,:at does x matt]8 ,h5ce=?1 nei!r enemies nor fri5ds c d me mu* h>m4 ,fri5d4 ,v probably y w be despis$ z "o incapable ( compreh5d+ ! _s ( mod]n philosophy1 & :o c>es little = ! progress ( civilisation & ! sci5ces4 ,tri/ano4 ,i %\ld be v sorry = t2 b :at c ,i d8 ,if ,i am despis$1 ,i w endeav\r to console myself4 ,fri5d4 ,b h y1 or h y n1 *ang$ y\r op9ions8 ,& :at is to be done ab\t y\r book8 ,tri/ano4 ,x w\ld be be/ to burn x4 ,if x be n burnt1 x may be pres]v$ z a book full ( poetic dreams1 inv5tions1 & melan*oly caprices2 or bett]1 z an expression ( ! unhapp9ess ( ! writ]4 ,because1 ,i w tell y 9 confid5ce1 my de> fri5d1 t ,i believe y & e "o else to be happy4 ,z = myself1 h[ev]1 ) y\r p]mission1 & t ( ! c5tury1 ,i am v unhappy1 & all ! j\rnals ( bo? worlds _c p]suade me to ! contr>y4 ,fri5d4 ,i d n "k ! cause ( ?is unhapp9ess ( :i* y speak4 ,b a man is ! be/ judge ( 8 own happ9ess or unhapp9ess1 & 8 op9ion _c be wrong4 ,tri/ano4 ,v true4 ,& m1 ,i tell y frankly t ,i d n submit to my unhapp9ess1 nor b[ ! head1 & come to t]ms ) ,de/9y1 l o!r m54 ,i ard5tly wi% = dea? above ev]y?+1 ) su* w>m? & s9c]ity z ,i firmly believe few h desir$ x4 ,i w\ld n speak to y ?us1 if ,i 7 n sure t :5 ! "t came ,i %\ld n belie my words4 ,i may add t al?\gh ,i d n yet =esee ! end ( my life1 ,i h an inw>d feel+ t almo/ assures me ! h\r ( :i* ,i speak is n f> di/ant4 ,i am m ?an ripe = dea?1 & x seems to me too absurd & improbable1 t be+ dead spiritually1 z ,i am1 & ! tale ( my life be+ told 9 e "p1 ,i %\ld l+] out ! =ty or fifty ye>s ) :i* ,nature ?reat5s me4 ,i am t]rifi$ at ! m]e ?\ght ( su* a ?+4 ,b1 l all evils t exce$ ! p[] ( imag9ation1 ?is seems to me a dream & illusion1 devoid ( tru?4 ,s t if any "o speaks to me ab\t ! di/ant future1 z ?\gh ,i 7 to h a "p 9 x1 ,i _c help smil+ to myself1 s sure am ,i t ,i h n long to live4 ,?is ?\ght1 ,i may say1 alone supports me4 ,books & /udies1 :i* ,i (t5 wond] ,i ev] lov$1 great designs1 & hopes ( glory & immortality1 are ?+s n[ undes]v+ ( ev5 a smile4 ,nor d ,i n[ laugh at ! projects & hopes ( ?is c5tury4 ,i cordially wi% !m e possible success1 & ,i praise1 admire1 & s9c]ely hon\r _! good int5tions4 ,b ,i d n envy po/]ity1 nor ^? :o h /ill a long life be=e !m4 ,=m]ly ,i us$ to envy fools1 imbeciles1 & p ) a high op9ion ( !mselves1 & ,i w\ld will+ly h *ang$ my lot ) any "o ( !m4 ,n[1 ,i envy nei!r fools1 nor ! wise1 ! great1 ! small1 ! weak1 ! p[]ful4 ,i envy ! dead1 & ) !m alone w\ld ,i ex*ange my lot4 ,e pleasurable fancy1 e ?\ght ( ! future t comes to me 9 my solitude1 & ) :i* ,i pass away ! "t1 is alli$ ) ! ?\ght ( dea?1 f :i* x is insep>able4 ,& 9 ?is long+1 nei!r ! remembrance ( my *ildi% dreams1 nor ! ?\ght ( hav+ liv$ 9 va91 di/urbs me any m z =m]ly4 ,:5 dea? comes to me1 ,i %all die z peacefully & cont5t$ly z if x 7 ! only ?+ = :i* ,i _h ev] wi%$ 9 ! _w4 ,?is is ! sole prospect t reconciles me to ,de/9y4 ,if1 on ! "o h&1 ,i 7 (f]$ ! =tune & fame ( ,cs> or ,alex&]1 free f ! lea/ /a92 &1 on ! o!r h&1 dea? to-day1 ,i %\ld unhesitat+ly *oose to die to-day4 ,footnote #a3 ,writt5 9 #ahcd4 ,,! ,,end4