,,! ,,case ,,( ,,wagn] ,,by ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,i ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,wagn] ,,ii ,,nietzs*e ,,contra ,,wagn] ,,iii ,,select$ ,,aphorisms ,,translat$ ,,by ,,an?ony ,m4 ,,ludovici ,,iv ,,we ,,philologi/s ,,translat$ ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,,k5n$y ,illu/ration ,! ,complete ,works ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e ,! ,fir/ ,complete & ,au?oris$ ,engli% ,translation ,edit$ by ,dr ,osc> ,levy ,volume ,six ,t4,n4 ,,f\lis #ac #ae ,,fr$]ick ,,/reet ,,ed9burgh3 ,,& ,,london #aiaa ,,cont5ts ,,translator',s ,,preface ,,translator',s ,,preface ,,to ,,?ird ,,edition ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,wagn] ,,nietzs*e ,,contra ,,wagn] ,,select$ ,,aphorisms ,,translator',s ,,introduction ,,to ,,we ,,philologi/s ,,we ,,philologi/s ,,translator',s ,,preface4 ,nietzs*e wrote ! r\gh draft ( ,! ,case ( ,wagn] 9 ,tur91 dur+ ! mon? ( ,may #ahhh2 he complet$ x 9 ,sils ,m>ia t[>ds ! end ( ,june ( ! same ye>1 & x 0 publi%$ 9 ! foll[+ autumn4 ,nietzs*e contra ,wagn] 0 writt5 ab\t ! middle ( ,decemb] #ahhh2 b1 al?\gh x 0 pr9t$ & correct$ be=e ! ,new ,ye>1 x 0 n publi%$ until long aft]w>ds ow+ to ,nietzs*e's complete breakd[n 9 ! fir/ days ( #ahhi4 ,9 read+ ^! two essays we are apt to be deceiv$1 by _! virul5t & =cible tone1 into believ+ t ! :ole matt] is a m]e cov] = hidd5 fire1--a m]e bl9d ( /hetic discussion conceal+ a deep & implacable p]sonal feud :i* dem&s & w h v5geance4 ,9 spite ( all t has be5 said to ! contr>y1 _m p /ill hold ?is view ( ! two little works be=e u2 &1 z ! actual facts are n accessible to e "o1 & rum\rs are m easily believ$ ?an v]ifi$1 ! error ( suppos+ t ^! pamphlets 7 dictat$ by p]sonal animosity1 & ev5 by ,nietzs*e's envy ( ,wagn] 9 8 glory1 seems to be a pretty common "o4 ,ano!r v g5]al error is to suppose t ! po9t at issue "h is n "o conc]n+ music at all1 b conc]n+ religion4 ,x is tak5 = grant$ t ! aspirations1 ! p>ticul> quality1 ! influ5ce1 & ! me?od ( an art l music1 are matt]s q di/9ct f ! values & ! conditions prevail+ 9 ! culture ) :i* x is 9 h>mony1 & t h[ev] _m ,*ri/ian elem5ts may be discov]$ 9 ,wagn]ian texts1 ,nietzs*e _h no "r to raise /hetic objections because he happ5$ to ent]ta9 ! extraord9>y view t ^! ,*ri/ian elem5ts _h also f\nd _! way into ,wagn]ian music4 ,to bo? ( ^! views !re is b "o reply3--!y are absolutely false4 ,9 ! ,ecce ,homo1 ,nietzs*e's autobiography1--a book :i* f cov] to cov] & l9e = l9e is s9c]ity itself--we le>n :at ,wagn] actually meant to ,nietzs*e4 ,on pages #da1 #dd1 #hd1 #abb1 #abi1 c1 we _c d\bt t ,nietzs*e is speak+ f 8 he>t1--& :at does he say8 --,9 impassion$ tones he admits 8 pr(\nd indebt$ness to ! great musician1 8 love = him1 8 gratitude to him1--h[ ,wagn] 0 ! only ,g]man :o _h ev] be5 any?+ to him--h[ 8 fri5d%ip ) ,wagn] con/itut$ ! happie/ & mo/ valuable exp]i5ce ( 8 life1--h[ 8 brea* ) ,wagn] almo/ kill$ him4 ,&1 :5 we rememb]1 too1 t ,wagn] on 8 "p also decl>$ t he 0 alone aft] he _h lo/ t man 7,nietzs*e71 we beg9 to p]ceive t p]sonal bitt]ness & animosity are out ( ! "q "h4 ,we feel we are on a high] plane1 & t we mu/ n judge ^! two m5 z if !y 7 a c\ple ( little bus9ess p :o _h _h a suburban squabble4 ,nietzs*e decl>es 7,ecce ,homo1 p4 #bd7 t he nev] attack$ p]sons z p]sons4 ,if he us$ a "n at all1 x 0 m]ely z a means to an end1 j z "o might use a magnify+ glass 9 ord] to make a g5]al1 b elusive & intricate fact m cle> & m app>5t2 & if he us$ ! "n ( ,david ,/rauss1 )\t bitt]ness or spite 7= he did n ev5 "k ! man71 :5 he wi%$ to p]sonify ,culture-,phili/9ism1 s1 9 ! same _s1 did he use ! "n ( ,wagn]1 :5 he wi%$ to p]sonify ! g5]al decad5ce ( mod]n ideas1 values1 aspirations & ,art4 ,nietzs*e's ambition1 ?r\gh\t 8 life1 0 to reg5]ate ,european culture4 ,9 ! fir/ p]iod ( 8 relation%ip ) ,wagn]1 he ?\ght t he _h f\nd ! man :o 0 prep>$ to lead 9 ?is direction4 ,= a long :ile he reg>d$ 8 ma/] z ! ,savi\r ( ,g]many1 z ! innovator & r5ovator :o 0 go+ to arre/ ! decad5t curr5t ( 8 "t & lead m5 to a greatness :i* _h di$ ) antiquity4 ,& s ?or\ghly did he und]/& 8 duties z a disciple1 s :olly 0 he devot$ to ?is cause1 t1 9 spite ( all 8 unque/ion$ gifts & ! excell5ce ( 8 orig9al a*ievem5ts1 he 0 = a long :ile reg>d$ z a m]e lit]>y lackey 9 ,wagn]'s s]vice1 9 all ^? circles :]e ! ris+ musician 0 mo/ dislik$4 ,gradually1 h[ev]1 z ! "y ,nietzs*e develop$ & began to ga9 an indep5d5t view ( life & humanity1 x seem$ to him extremely d\btful :e!r ,wagn] actually 0 pull+ ! same way ) him4 ,:]eas1 !ret(ore1 he _h id5tifi$ ,wagn]'s ideals ) 8 own1 x n[ dawn$ ^u him sl[ly t ! reg5]ation ( ,g]man culture1 ( ,european culture1 & ! trans-valuation ( values :i* w\ld be necess>y = ?is reg5]ation1 really lay (f ! track ( ,wagn]ism4 ,he saw t he _h end[$ ,wagn] ) a good deal t 0 m 8 own ?an ,wagn]'s4 ,9 8 love he _h transfigur$ ! fri5d1 & ! compos] ( ,p>sifal & ! man ( 8 imag9ation 7 n "o4 ,! fact 0 realis$ /ep by /ep2 disappo9tm5t ^u disappo9tm5t1 revelation aft] revelation1 ultimately br\ght x home to him1 & ?\gh 8 be/ in/9cts at fir/ oppos$ x1 ! revulsion ( feel+ at la/ became too /rong to be sc\t$1 & ,nietzs*e 0 plung$ into ! blacke/ despair4 ,_h he foll[$ 8 own human incl9ations1 he w\ld probably h rema9$ ,wagn]'s fri5d until ! end4 ,z x 01 h[ev]1 he rema9$ loyal to 8 cause1 & ?is meant d5\nc+ 8 =m] idol4 ,joyful ,wisdom1 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals1 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols1 ,! ,anti*ri/ --all ^! books 7 b s _m exhortations to mank9d to /ep aside f ! g5]al track n[ trodd5 by ,europeans4 ,& :at happ5$8 ,wagn] began to write "s h>d ?+s ab\t ,nietzs*e2 ! _w assum$ t ,nietzs*e & ,wagn] _h engag$ 9 a paltry p]sonal qu>rel 9 ! press1 & ! :ole importance ( ! real issue 0 buri$ b5ea? ! human1 all-too-human int]pretations :i* 7 heap$ ^u x4 ,nietzs*e 0 a musician ( no mean atta9m5ts4 ,= a long :ile1 9 8 y\?1 8 sup]iors _h be5 d\btful :e!r he %\ld n be educat$ = a musical c>e]1 s great 7 8 gifts 9 ?is art2 & if 8 "m _h n be5 (f]$ a six-ye>s' s*ol>%ip = h] son at ! fam\s s*ool ( ,p=ta1 ,nietzs*e1 ! s*ol> & philologi/1 w\ld probably h be5 an able compos]4 ,:5 he speaks ab\t music1 !re=e1 he kn[s :at he is talk+ ab\t1 & :5 he ref]s to ,wagn]'s music 9 p>ticul>1 ! simple fact ( 8 long intimacy ) ,wagn] dur+ ! ye>s at ,tribs*51 is a suffici5t gu>antee ( 8 deep k ( ! subject4 ,n[ ,nietzs*e 0 "o ( ! fir/ to recognise t ! pr9ciples ( art are inextricably b\nd up ) ! laws ( life1 t an /hetic dogma may !re=e promote or depress all vital =ce1 & t a picture1 a symphony1 a poem or a /atue1 is j z capable ( be+ pessimi/ic1 an>*ic1 ,*ri/ian or revolution>y1 z a philosophy or a sci5ce is4 ,to speak ( a c]ta9 class ( music z be+ compatible ) ! decl9e ( culture1 !re=e1 0 to ,nietzs*e a p]fectly w>rantable association ( ideas1 & t is :y1 ?r\gh\t 8 philosophy1 s mu* /ress is laid ^u /hetic consid]ations4 ,b if 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica ,nietzs*e's attack on ,wagn]'s art may /ill seem a little incompreh5sible1 let x be rememb]$ t ! ,cont95t has long kn[n t ,nietzs*e 0 actually 9 ! "r ,e ye> ?\s&s are n[ add$ to ! l>ge p>ty abroad :o h ceas$ f believ+ 9 ! great musical revolution>y ( ! sev5ties2 t he 0 "o ) ! ,fr5* ,romantici/s & rebels has long s9ce be5 ackn[l$g$ a fact 9 select circles1 bo? 9 ,france & ,g]many1 & if we /ill h ,wagn] ) u 9 ,engl&1 if we /ill consid] ,nietzs*e z a h]etic1 :5 he decl>es t ,wagn] 0 a musician = unmusical p1 x is only because we are m remov$ ?an we imag9e1 f all ! great movem5ts1 intellectual & o!rwise1 :i* take place on ! ,cont95t4 ,9 ,wagn]'s music1 9 8 doctr9e1 9 8 :ole concept ( art1 ,nietzs*e saw ! confirmation1 ! promotion--aye1 ev5 ! enc\ragem5t1 ( t decad5ce & deg5]ation :i* is n[ rampant 9 ,europe2 & x is = ?is reason1 al?\gh to ! end ( 8 life he /ill lov$ ,wagn]1 ! man & ! fri5d1 t we f9d him1 on ! v eve ( 8 spiritual dea?1 exhort+ u to abjure ,wagn] ! musician & ! arti/4 ,,an?ony ,m4 ,,ludovici4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,?ird ,,edition#a ,9 spite ( ! adv]se criticism ) :i* ! above preface has met at ! h&s ( _m review]s s9ce ! summ] ( la/ ye>1 ,i _c say t ,i %\ld feel ju/ifi$1 ev5 aft] mature consid]ation1 9 alt]+ a s+le ^w or s5t5ce x conta9s4 ,if ,i felt incl9$ to make any *anges at all1 ^! w\ld take ! =m ( ext5sive additions1 t5d+ to confirm r ?an to modify ! g5]al argum5t x advances2 b1 any omissions ( :i* ,i may h be5 guilty 9 ! fir/ place1 h be5 s fully rectifi$ s9ce1 ?anks to ! publication ( ! ,engli% translations ( ,daniel ,halvy's & ,h5ri ,li*t5b]g]'s works1 ,! ,life ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e1#b & ,! ,gospel ( ,sup]man1#c respectively1 t1 7 x n = ! fact t ! tru? ab\t ?is matt] _c be repeat$ too (t51 ,i %\ld h refra9$ altoge!r f includ+ any fre% rem>ks ( my own 9 ?is ,?ird ,edition4 ,9 ! works j ref]r$ to 7pp4 #abi et seq4 9 ,halvy's book1 & pp4 #gh et seq4 9 ,li*t5b]g]'s book71 ! /atem5t ,i made 9 my preface to ,?\ghts out ( ,season1 vol4 i41 & :i* ,i did n ?9k x necess>y to repeat 9 my fir/ preface to ^! pamphlets1 w be f\nd to receive ! fulle/ confirmation4 ,! /atem5t 9 "q 0 to ! effect t _m long ye>s be=e ^! pamphlets 7 ev5 project$1 ,nietzs*e's app>5t volte-face 9 reg>d to 8 h]o ,wagn] _h be5 n only =e%ad[$1 b actually /at$ 9 pla9 words1 9 two works writt5 dur+ 8 fri5d%ip ) ,wagn]1--! works ref]r$ to be+ ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y 7#ahgb71 & ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu? 7#ahge7 ( :i* ,h\/on ,/u>t ,*amb]la9 decl>es n only t x possesses undy+ classical wor? b t a p]usal ( x is indisp5sable to all :o wi% to foll[ ! "q ( ,wagn] to its roots4#d ,! idea t runs ?r\gh ! pres5t "w l a leitmotif--! idea t ,wagn] 0 at bottom m ( a mime ?an a musician--0 s f> an ev] pres5t ?\ght ) ,nietzs*e t x is ev5 impossible to asc]ta9 ! p]iod :5 x 0 fir/ =mulat$4 ,9 ,nietzs*e's wond]ful autobiography 7,ecce ,homo1 p4 #hh71 9 ! section deal+ ) ! e>ly works j m5tion$1 we f9d ! foll[+ passage3 ,9 ! second ( ! two essays ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu? ) a pr(\nd c]ta9ty ( in/9ct1 ,i already *>act]is$ ! elem5t>y factor 9 ,wagn]'s nature z a !atrical tal5t :i*1 9 all 8 means & aspirations1 draws its f9al conclusions4 ,& z e>ly z #ahgd1 ,nietzs*e wrote 9 8 di>y3--,wagn] is a born actor4 ,j z ,goe! 0 an abortive pa9t]1 & ,s*ill] an abortive orator1 s ,wagn] 0 an abortive !atrical g5ius4 ,8 attitude to music is t ( ! actor2 = he kn[s h[ to s+ & speak1 z x 7 out ( diff]5t s\ls & f absolutely diff]5t worlds 7,tri/an & ! ,mei/]s+]74 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no ne$ to multiply examples1 see+1 z ,i h said1 t 9 ! translations ( ,halvy's & ,li*t5b]g]'s books ! read] w f9d all ! indep5d5t evid5ce he c\ld possibly desire1 disprov+ ! popul>1 & ev5 ! le>n$ belief t1 9 ! two pamphlets be=e u we h a complete1 app>5tly unacc\ntable1 & !re=e dem5t$ volte-face on ,nietzs*e's "p4 ,nev]!less1 = fe> le/ "s d\bt %\ld /ill l+] 9 c]ta9 m9ds conc]n+ ?is po9t1 & ) ! view ( add+ int]e/ to ^! essays1 ! ,editor consid]$ x advisable1 9 ! ,second ,edition1 to add a numb] ( extracts f ,nietzs*e's di>y ( ! ye> #ahgh 7t5 ye>s be=e ,! ,case ( ,wagn]1 & ,nietzs*e contra ,wagn] 7 writt57 9 ord] to %[ to :at ext5t ^? le>n$ critics :o compla9 ( ,nietzs*e's morbid & uncontrollable recantations & revulsions ( feel+1 h ov]look$ ev5 ! pla9 facts ( ! case :5 =m+ _! all-too-ha/y conclusions4 ,^! extracts w be f\nd at ! end ( ,nietzs*e contra ,wagn]4 ,:ile read+ !m1 h[ev]1 x %\ld n be =gott5 t !y 7 nev] int5d$ = publication by ,nietzs*e himself--a fact :i* acc\nts = _! unpoli%$ & sket*y =m--& t !y 7 fir/ publi%$ 9 vol4 xi4 ( ! fir/ ,g]man ,libr>y ,edition 7pp4 #ii-abi7 only :5 he 0 a helpless invalid1 9 #ahig4 ,s9ce !n1 9 #aija & #aijf respectively1 !y h be5 repr9t$1 once 9 ! l>ge ,g]man ,libr>y ,edition 7vol4 xi4 pp4 #aha-bjb71 & once 9 ! ,g]man ,pocket ,edition1 z an app5dix to ,human-,all-too-,human1 ,"p ,,ii4 ,an altoge!r special int]e/ n[ atta*es to ^! pamphlets2 =1 9 ! fir/ place we are at la/ 9 possession ( ,wagn]'s own acc\nt ( 8 developm5t1 8 art1 8 aspirations & 8 /ruggles1 9 ! amaz+ self-revelation entitl$ ,my ,life#e2 & secondly1 we n[ h ,ecce ,homo1 ,nietzs*e's autobiography1 9 :i* we le>n = ! fir/ "t f ,nietzs*e's own p5 to :at ext5t 8 hi/ory 0 t ( a d\ble devotion--to ,wagn] on ! "o h&1 & to 8 own life task1 ! ,transvaluation ( all ,values1 on ! o!r4 ,read]s int]e/$ 9 ! ,nietzs*e-,wagn] controv]sy w naturally look to ^! books = a f9al solution ( all ! difficulties :i* ! problem pres5ts4 ,b let !m n be too sangu9e4 ,f fir/ to la/ ?is problem is n to be settl$ by facts4 ,a good deal ( in/9ctive *oice1 in/9ctive av]sion1 & in/9ctive suspicion are necess>y "h4 ,a little m suspicion1 = in/ance1 ought to be appli$ to ,wagn]'s ,my ,life1 especially 9 ,engl&1 :]e critics are n half suspici\s en\gh ab\t a cont95tal arti/'s self-revelations1 & are too prone1 if !y h suspicions at all1 to apply !m 9 ! wrong place4 ,an example ( ?is want ( f9esse 9 judg+ =eign writ]s is to be f\nd 9 ,"l ,morley's "w on ,r\sseau1--a book :i* +5u\sly takes = grant$ ev]y?+ t a writ] l ,r\sseau c>es to say ab\t himself1 )\t consid]+ = an in/ant ! possibility t ,r\sseau might h practis$ "s hypocrisy4 ,9 reg>d to ,wagn]'s life we might easily fall into ! same error--t is to say1 we might take s]i\sly all he says conc]n+ himself & 8 family affairs4 ,we %\ld bew>e ( ?is1 & %\ld n ev5 believe ,wagn] :5 he speaks badly ab\t himself4 ,no "o speaks badly ab\t himself )\t a reason1 & ! "q 9 ?is case is to f9d out ! reason4 ,did ,wagn]--9 ! belief t g5ius 0 always immoral--wi% to pose z an immoral ,egoti/1 9 ord] to make u believe 9 8 g5ius1 ( :i* he himself 0 none too sure 9 8 inn]mo/ he>t8 ,did ,wagn] wi% to appe> s9c]e 9 8 biography1 9 ord] to awak5 9 u a belief 9 ! s9c]ity ( 8 music1 :i* he likewise d\bt$1 b wi%$ to impress ^u ! _w z true8 ,or did he wi% to be ?\ght badly ( 9 connection ) ?+s t 7 n true1 & t consequ5tly did n affect him1 9 ord] to lead u (f ! sc5t ( true ?+s1 ?+s he 0 a%am$ ( & :i* he wi%$ ! _w to ignore--j l ,r\sseau 7! simil>ity betwe5 ! two is m ?an a sup]ficial "o7 :o b>b>\sly pret5d$ to h s5t 8 *ildr5 to ! f\ndl+ hospital1 9 ord] n to be ?\ght incapable ( hav+ _h any *ildr5 at all8 ,9 %ort1 :]e is ! bluff 9 ,wagn]'s biography8 ,let u !re=e be c>eful ab\t x1 & all ! m s because ,wagn] himself gu>antees ! tru? ( x 9 ! prefatory note4 ,if we 7 to be cr$ul\s "h1 we %\ld moreov] be act+ 9 direct opposition to ,nietzs*e's own c\nsel z giv5 9 ! foll[+ aphorisms 7,nos4 #ai & #bj1 p4 #hi73-- ,x is v difficult to trace ! c\rse ( ,wagn]'s developm5t1--no tru/ mu/ be plac$ 9 8 own description ( 8 s\l's exp]i5ces4 ,he writes p>ty-pamphlets = 8 foll[]s4 ,x is extremely d\btful :e!r ,wagn] is able to be> witness ab\t himself4 ,:ile on p4 #cg 7! note71 we read3--,he ,wagn] 0 n pr\d en\gh to be able to suff] ! tru? ab\t himself4 ,nobody _h less pride ?an he4 ,l ,victor ,hugo he rema9$ true to himself ev5 9 8 biography1--he rema9$ an actor4 ,h[ev]1 z a fam\s ,engli% judge has said3-- ,tru? w come out1 ev5 9 ! witness box1 &1 z we may add 9 ?is case1 ev5 9 an autobiography4 ,!re is "o /atem5t 9 ,wagn]'s ,my ,life :i* s\nds true to my e>s at lea/-a /atem5t :i*1 9 my op9ion1 has "s importance1 & to :i* ,wagn] himself seems to grant a my/]i\s significance4 ,i ref] to ! passage on p4 #ic ( vol4 i41 9 :i* ,wagn] says3--,ow+ to ! exceptional vivacity & innate susceptibility ( my nature 444 ,i gradually became consci\s ( a c]ta9 p[] ( transport+ or bewild]+ my m indol5t companions4 ,?is seems innoc5t en\gh4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is read 9 conjunction ) ,nietzs*e's tr5*ant criticism1 p>ticul>ly on pp4 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag & #ah ( ?is "w1 & also ) a k ( ,wagn]'s music1 x becomes "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ passages 9 ,wagn]'s autobiography2 = x records h[ soon he became consci\s ( 8 dom9ant in/9ct & faculty4 ,i "k p]fectly well t ! ,wagn]ites w n be influ5c$ by ^! rem>ks4 ,_! gratitude to ,wagn] is too great = ?is4 ,he has suppli$ ! preci\s v>ni% :]e) to hide ! dull ugl9ess ( our civilisation4 ,he has giv5 to s\ls despair+ ov] ! mat]ialism ( ?is _w1 to s\ls despair+ ( !mselves1 & long+ to be rid ( !mselves1 ! indisp5sable ha%i% & morphia :]e) to dead5 _! inn] discords4 ,^! discords are ev]y:]e app>5t n[adays4 ,wagn] is !re=e a common ne$1 a common b5efactor4 ,z su* he is b\nd to be wor%ipp$ & ador$ 9 spite ( all egoti/ical & !atrical autobiographies4 ,albeit1 signs are n want+--at lea/ among 8 ,anglo-,saxon wor%ipp]s :o /& ev5 m 9 ne$ ( romanticism ?an _! cont95tal bre?r51 --:i* %[ t1 9 ord] to uphold ,wagn]1 p are n[ beg9n+ to draw di/9ctions betwe5 ! man & ! arti/4 ,!y dismiss ! man z human-all-too-human1 b !y /ill ma9ta9 t !re are div9e qualities 9 8 music4 ,h[ev] di/a/eful ! task ( disillusion+ ^! psy*ological tyros may be1 !y %\ld be in=m$ t no su* division ( a man into two p>ts is p]missible1 save 9 ,*ri/ianity 7--! body & ! s\l--72 b t outside purely religi\s sph]es x is utt]ly unw>rantable4 ,!re c be no su* /range divorce betwe5 a bloom & ! plant on :i* x bl[s1 & has a black woman ev] be5 kn[n to give bir? to a :ite *ild8 ,wagn]1 z ,nietzs*e tells u on p4 #ai1 0 some?+ complete1 he 0 a typical decad5t1 9 :om e sign ( 'free w' 0 lack+1 9 :om e feature 0 necess>y4 ,wagn]1 all[ me to add1 0 a typical repres5tative ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :i* 0 ! c5tury ( contradictory values1 ( oppos$ in/9cts1 & ( e k9d ( inn] di%>mony4 ,! g5u9e1 ! classical arti/s ( t p]iod1 su* m5 z ,he9e1 ,goe!1 ,/5dhal1 & ,gob9eau1 ov]came _! inn] /rife1 & ea* succe$$ 9 mak+ a h>moni\s :ole out ( himself--n inde$ )\t a sev]e /ruggle2 = ev]yone ( !m suff]$ f be+ ! *ild ( 8 age1 i4e41 a decad5t4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ! romantici/s lies 9 ! fact t !y 7! =m]7 7 consci\s ( :at 0 wrong ) !m1 & possess$ ! w & ! /r5g? to ov]come _! illness2 :]eas ! romantici/s *ose ! easi] alt]native--namely1 t ( %utt+ _! eyes on !mselves4 ,i am j z mu* a *ild ( my age z ,wagn]--i4e41 ,i am a decad5t says ,nietzs*e4 ,! only diff]5ce is t ,i recognis$ ! fact1 t ,i /ruggl$ aga9/ x4#f ,:at ,wagn] did 0 *>act]i/ic ( all romantici/s & contempor>y arti/s3 he dr[n$ & ov]%\t$ 8 inn] discord by means ( exub]ant pa?os & wild exaltation4 ,f> be x f me to value ,wagn]'s music 9 ext5so "h--?is is sc>cely a fitt+ opportunity to d s2--b ,i ?9k x might well be possible to %[1 on purely psy*ological gr\nds1 h[ impossible x 0 = a man l ,wagn] to produce real art4 ,= h[ c h>mony1 ord]1 symmetry1 ma/]y1 proce$ f uncontroll$ discord1 disord]1 dis9tegration1 & *aos8 ,! fact t an art :i* spr+s f su* a m>%y soil may1 l c]ta9 paludal plants1 be wond]ful1 gorge\s1 & ov]:elm+1 _c be d5i$2 b true art x is n4 ,x is s j z little z ,go?ic ar*itecture is1--t /yle :i*1 9 its ef=ts to escape beyond ! tragic contradiction 9 its m$ival he>t1 yell$ its hy/]ical cry heav5w>ds & ev5 melt$ ! /ones ( its /ructures into a quiv]+ & fluid jet1 9 ord] to give adequate expression to ! pa9ful & wret*$ conflict !n rag+ betwe5 ! body & ! s\l4 ,t ,wagn]1 too1 0 a great suff]]1 !re c be no d\bt2 n1 h[ev]1 a suff]] f /r5g?1 l a true arti/1 b f weakness--! weakness ( 8 age1 :i* he nev] ov]came4 ,x is = ?is reason t he %\ld be r piti$ ?an judg$ z he is n[ be+ judg$ by 8 ,g]man & ,engli% critics1 :o1 ) ?or\ghly neurotic sudd5ness1 h ackn[l$g$ _! revulsion ( feel+ a little too h>%ly4 ,i h c>efully endeav\r$ n to d]ide1 or deplore1 or dete/ 444 says ,sp9oza1 b to und]/&2 & ^! words ought to be our guide1 n only 9 ! case ( ,wagn]1 b 9 all ?+s4 ,inn] discord is a t]rible affliction & no?+ is s c]ta9 to produce t n]v\s irritability :i* is s try+ to ! pati5t z well z to ! out] _w1 z ?is s-call$ spiritual disease4 ,nietzs*e 0 probably q "r :5 he said ! only real & true music t ,wagn] ev] compos$ did n consi/ ( 8 elaborate arias & ov]tures1 b ( t5 or fifte5 b>s :i*1 disp]s$ "h & !re1 gave expression to ! compos]'s pr(\nd & g5u9e melan*oly4 ,b ?is melan*oly _h to be ov]come1 & ,wagn] ) ! blood ( a cabot9 9 8 ve9s1 resort$ to ! rem$y t 0 ne>e/ to h&--t is to say1 ! art ( bewild]+ o!rs & himself4 ,?us he rema9$ ignorant ab\t himself all 8 life2 = !re 01 z ,nietzs*e rightly po9ts out 7p4 #cg1 note71 n suffici5t pride 9 ! man = him to desire to "k or to suff] gladly ! tru? conc]n+ 8 real nature4 ,z an actor 8 rul+ passion 0 vanity2 b 9 8 case x 0 correlat$ ) a semi-consci\s k ( ! fact t all 0 n "r ) him & 8 art4 ,x 0 ?is t caus$ him to suff]4 ,8 egomaniacal behavi\r & 8 almo/ ,r\sseauesque fe> & suspicion ( o!rs 7 only ! ext]nal manife/ations ( 8 inn] discrepancies4 ,b1 to repeat :at ,i h already said1 ^! abnormal symptoms are n 9 ! lea/ incompatible ) ,wagn]'s music1 !y are r its v cause1 ! root f :i* x spr+s4 ,9 reality1 !re=e1 ,wagn] ! man & ,wagn] ! arti/ 7 und\bt$ly "o1 & con/itut$ a spl5did romantici/4 ,8 music z well z 8 autobiography are pro(s ( 8 wond]ful gifts 9 ?is direction4 ,8 success 9 8 "t1 z 9 ours1 is due to ! crav+ ( ! mod]n _w = actors1 sorc]]s1 bewild]]s & ideali/s :o are able to conceal ! ill-heal? & ! weakness t prevail1 & :o please by intoxicat+ & exalt+4 ,b ?is be+ s1 ! _w mu/ n be disappo9t$ to f9d ! h]o ( a prec$+ age explode 9 ! next4 ,x mu/ n be a/oni%$ to f9d a disp>ity betwe5 ! h]o's private life & 8 elevat+ art or romantic & ideali/ic gospel4 ,z long z p w admire h]oic attitudes m ?an h]oism1 su* disillusionm5t is b\nd to be ! price ( _! error4 ,9 a truly great man1 life-!ory & life-practice1 if se5 f a suffici5tly l(ty po9t ( view1 mu/ & d always agree2 9 an actor1 9 a romantici/1 9 an ideali/1 & 9 a ,*ri/ian1 !re is always a yawn+ *asm betwe5 ! two1 :i*1 :atev] well-mean+ critics may d1 _c be bridg$ po/hum\sly by acrobatic feats 9 psy*ologicis4 ,let anyone apply ?is po9t ( view to ,nietzs*e's life & !ory4 ,let anyone turn 8 life inside out1 n only z he gives x to u 9 8 ,ecce ,homo1 b z we f9d x relat$ by all 8 biograph]s1 fri5ds & foes alike2 & :at w be ! result8 ,ev5 if we ignore 8 works--! blooms :i* bl[$ f "t to "t f 8 life--we absolutely _c d5y ! greatness ( ! man's private practice1 & if we fully und]/& & appreciate ! latt]1 we mu/ be s+ul>ly defici5t 9 in/9ct & 9 flair if we d n suspect t "s ( ?is greatness is reflect$ 9 8 life-task4 ,,an?ony ,m4 ,,ludovici4 ,,london1 ,,july #aiaa4 ,footnote #a3 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! fir/ & second editions ( ^! essays on ,wagn] appe>$ 9 pamphlet =m1 = :i* ! above fir/ preface 0 writt54 ,footnote #b3 ,fi%] ,unw91 #aiaa4 ,footnote #c3 ,t4 ,n4 ,f\lis1 #aiaj4 ,footnote #d3 ,see ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 by ,h\/on ,/u>t ,*amb]la9 7translat$ by ,g4 ,a4 ,hight71 pp4 #ae1 #af4 ,footnote #e3 ,con/able ,co41 #aiaa4 ,footnote #f3 ,see ,au?or's ,preface to ,! ,case ( ,wagn] 9 ?is volume4 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,wagn] ,a ,,musician',s ,,problem ,a ,,lett] ,,f ,,tur91 ,,may #ahhh ,,rid5do ,,dic]e ,,sev]um 444 ,,preface ,i am writ+ ?is to relieve my m9d4 ,x is n malice alone :i* makes me praise ,bizet at ! exp5se ( ,wagn] 9 ?is essay4 ,amid a good deal ( je/+ ,i wi% to make "o po9t cle> :i* does n admit ( levity4 ,to turn my back on ,wagn] 0 = me a piece ( fate2 to get to l any?+ else :atev] aft]w>ds 0 = me a triumph4 ,nobody1 p]haps1 _h ev] be5 m dang]\sly involv$ 9 ,wagn]ism1 nobody _h def5d$ himself m ob/9ately aga9/ x1 nobody _h ev] be5 s ov]joy$ at ridd+ himself ( x4 ,a long hi/ory6--,%all ,i give x a "n8--,if ,i 7 a morali/1 :o kn[s :at ,i might n call x6 ,p]haps a piece ( self-ma/]y4--,b ! philosoph] does n l ! morali/1 nei!r does he l high-falut9' words4444 ,:at is ! fir/ & la/ ?+ t a philosoph] dem&s ( himself8 ,to ov]come 8 age 9 himself1 to become timeless4 ,) :at !n does ! philosoph] h ! greate/ fight8 ,) all t 9 him :i* makes him ! *ild ( 8 "t4 ,v well !n6 ,i am j z mu* a *ild ( my age z ,wagn]--i4e41 ,i am a decad5t4 ,! only diff]5ce is t ,i recognis$ ! fact1 t ,i /ruggl$ aga9/ x4 ,! philosoph] 9 me /ruggl$ aga9/ x4 ,my greate/ preoccupation hi!rto has be5 ! problem ( decad5ce1 & ,i _h reasons = ?is4 ,good & evil =m only a playful subdivision ( ?is problem4 ,if "o has tra9$ "o's eye to detect ! symptoms ( decl9e1 "o also und]/&s morality1--"o und]/&s :at lies conceal$ b5ea? its holie/ names & tables ( values3 e4g41 impov]i%$ life1 ! w to non5tity1 great exhau/ion4 ,morality d5ies life4444 ,9 ord] to und]take su* a mission ,i 0 oblig$ to ex]cise self-discipl9e3--,i _h to side aga9/ all t 0 morbid 9 myself includ+ ,wagn]1 includ+ ,s*op5hau]1 includ+ ! :ole ( mod]n humanity4--,a pr(\nd e/rangem5t1 coldness & sob]ness t[>ds all t belongs to my age1 all t 0 contempor>y3 & z ! highe/ wi%1 ,z>a?u/ra's eye1 an eye :i* surveys ! :ole ph5om5on--mank9d--f an enorm\s di/ance1--:i* look d[n ^u x4--,= su* a goal--:at sacrifice w\ld n h be5 wor? :ile8 ,:at self-ma/]y6 ,:at self-d5ial6 ,! greate/ ev5t ( my life took ! =m ( a recov]y4 ,wagn] belongs only to my diseases4 ,n t ,i wi% to appe> ungrateful to ?is disease4 ,if 9 ?is essay ,i support ! proposition t ,wagn] is h>mful1 ,i none ! less wi% to po9t out unto :om1 9 spite ( all1 he is indisp5sable--to ! philosoph]4 ,anyone else may p]haps be able to get on )\t ,wagn]3 b ! philosoph] is n free to pass him by4 ,! philosoph] mu/ be ! evil consci5ce ( 8 age1--b to ?is end he mu/ be possess$ ( its be/ k4 ,& :at bett] guide1 or m ?or\ghly effici5t reveal] ( ! s\l1 c\ld be f\nd = ! labyr9? ( ! mod]n _s ?an ,wagn]8 ,?r\gh ,wagn] mod]nity speaks h] mo/ intimate language3 x conceals nei!r its good nor its evil2 x has ?r[n (f all %ame4 ,&1 conv]sely1 "o has almo/ calculat$ ! :ole ( ! value ( mod]nity once "o is cle> conc]n+ :at is good & evil 9 ,wagn]4 ,i c p]fectly well und]/& a musician ( to-day :o says3 ,i hate ,wagn] b ,i c endure no o!r music4 ,b ,i %\ld also und]/& a philosoph] :o said3 ,wagn] is mod]nity 9 conc5trat$ =m4 ,!re is no help = x1 we mu/ fir/ be ,wagn]ites4444 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,wagn] #a4 ,ye/]day--w\ld y believe x8--,i he>d ,bizet's ma/]piece = ! tw5tie? "t4 ,once m ,i att5d$ ) ! same g5tle rev]5ce2 once aga9 ,i did n run away4 ,?is triumph ov] my impati5ce surprises me4 ,h[ su* a "w completes "o6 ,?r\gh x "o almo/ becomes a ma/]piece oneself4--,&1 z a matt] ( fact1 ea* "t ,i he>d ,c>m5 x seem$ to me t ,i 0 m ( a philosoph]1 a bett] philosoph] ?an at o!r times3 ,i became s =be>+1 s happy1 s ,indian1 s settl$4444 ,to sit = five h\rs3 ! fir/ /ep to hol9ess6--,may ,i be all[$ to say t ,bizet's or*e/ration is ! only "o t ,i c endure n[8 ,t o!r or*e/ration :i* is all ! rage at pres5t--! ,wagn]ian--is brutal1 artificial & unsophi/icat$ )al1 h5ce its appeal to all ! ?ree s5ses ( ! mod]n s\l at once4 ,h[ t]ribly ,wagn]ian or*e/ration affects me6 ,i call x ! ,sirocco4 ,a disagreeable sweat breaks out all ov] me4 ,all my f9e wea!r vani%es4 ,bizet's music seems to me p]fect4 ,x comes =w>d lightly1 gracefully1 /yli%ly4 ,x is lovable1 x does n sweat4 ,all t is good is easy1 ev]y?+ div9e runs ) light feet3 ?is is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( my /hetics4 ,?is music is wick$1 ref9$1 fatali/ic3 & )al rema9s popul>1--x possesses ! ref9em5t ( a race1 n ( an individual4 ,x is ri*4 ,x is def9ite4 ,x builds1 organises1 completes3 & 9 ?is s5se x /&s z a contra/ to ! polypus 9 music1 to endless melody4 ,h m pa9ful1 m tragic acc5ts ev] be5 he>d on ! /age be=e8 ,& h[ are !y obta9$8 ,)\t grimaces6 ,)\t c\nt]feit+ ( any k9d6 ,free f ! lie ( ! gr& /yle6--,9 %ort3 ?is music assumes t ! li/5] is intellig5t ev5 z a musician1--!reby x is ! opposite ( ,wagn]1 :o1 ap>t f ev]y?+ else1 0 9 any case ! mo/ ill-mann]$ g5ius on e>? 7,wagn] takes u z if 444 he repeats a ?+ s (t5 t we become desp]ate1--t we ultimately believe x74 ,& once m3 ,i become a bett] man :5 ,bizet speaks to me4 ,also a bett] musician1 a bett] li/5]4 ,is x 9 any way possible to li/5 bett]8--,i ev5 burr[ beh9d ?is music ) my e>s4 ,i he> its v cause4 ,i seem to assi/ at its bir?4 ,i tremble be=e ! dang]s :i* ?is d>+ music runs1 ,i am enraptur$ ov] ^? happy accid5ts = :i* ev5 ,bizet himself may n be responsible4--,&1 /range to say1 at bottom ,i d n give x a ?\ght1 or am n aw>e h[ mu* ?\ght ,i really d give x4 ,= q o!r ideas are runn+ ?r\gh my head ! :ile4444 ,has any "o ev] obs]v$ t music emancipates ! _s8 gives w+s to ?\ght8 & t ! m "o becomes a musician ! m "o is also a philosoph]8 ,! grey sky ( ab/raction seems ?rill$ by fla%es ( lightn+2 ! light is /rong en\gh to reveal all ! details ( ?+s2 to enable "o to grapple ) problems2 & ! _w is survey$ z if f a m\nta9 top4--,) ?is ,i h def9$ philosophical pa?os4--,& unexpect$ly answ]s drop into my lap1 a small hail/orm ( ice & wisdom1 ( problems solv$4 ,:]e am ,i8 ,bizet makes me productive4 ,ev]y?+ t is good makes me productive4 ,i h gratitude = no?+ else1 nor h ,i any o!r t\*/one = te/+ :at is good4 #b4 ,bizet's "w also saves2 ,wagn] is n ! only ,savi\r4 ,) x "o bids f>ewell to ! damp nor? & to all ! fog ( ! ,wagn]ian ideal4 ,ev5 ! action 9 itself deliv]s u f ^! ?+s4 ,f ,mrime x has ?is logic ev5 9 passion1 f him x has ! direct l9e1 inexorable necessity2 b :at x has above all else is t :i* belongs to sub-tropical zones--t dryness ( atmosph]e1 t limpidezza ( ! air4 ,"h 9 e respect ! climate is alt]$4 ,"h ano!r k9d ( s5suality1 ano!r k9d ( s5sitiv5ess & ano!r k9d ( *e]fulness make _! appeal4 ,?is music is gay1 b n 9 a ,fr5* or ,g]man way4 ,its gaiety is ,african2 fate hangs ov] x1 its happ9ess is %ort1 sudd51 )\t reprieve4 ,i envy ,bizet = hav+ _h ! c\rage ( ?is s5sitiv5ess1 :i* hi!rto 9 ! cultur$ music ( ,europe has f\nd no means ( expression1--( ?is s\!rn1 tawny1 sunburnt s5sitiv5ess4444 ,:at a joy ! gold5 aft]noon ( its happ9ess is to u6 ,:5 we look out1 ) ?is music 9 our m9ds1 we wond] :e!r we h ev] se5 ! sea s calm4 ,& h[ soo?+ is ?is ,moori% danc+6 ,h[1 = once1 ev5 our insatiability gets sat$ by its lascivi\s melan*oly6--,& f9ally love1 love translat$ back into ,nature6 ,n ! love ( a cultur$ girl6--no ,s5ta-s5tim5tality4#a ,b love z fate1 z a fatality1 cynical1 innoc5t1 cruel1--& precisely 9 ?is way ,nature6 ,! love ^: means is w>1 ^: v ess5ce is ! mortal hatr$ betwe5 ! sexes6--,i "k no case 9 :i* ! tragic irony1 :i* con/itutes ! k]nel ( love1 is express$ ) su* sev]ity1 or 9 s t]rible a =mula1 z 9 ! la/ cry ( ,don ,jos ) :i* ! "w ends3 ,yes1 x is ,i :o h kill$ h]1 ,i--my ador$ ,c>m56 --,su* a conception ( love 7! only "o wor?y ( a philosoph]7 is r>e3 x di/+ui%es "o "w ( art f among a ?\s& o!rs4 ,=1 z a rule1 arti/s are no bett] ?an ! re/ ( ! _w1 !y are ev5 worse--!y misund]/& love4 ,ev5 ,wagn] misund]/ood x4 ,!y imag9e t !y are selfless 9 x because !y appe> to be seek+ ! advantage ( ano!r creature (t5 to _! own disadvantage4 ,b 9 return !y want to possess ! o!r creature4444 ,ev5 ,god is no exception to ?is rule1 he is v f> f ?9k+ ,:at does x matt] to !e :e!r ,i love !e or n8--,he becomes t]rible if he is n lov$ 9 return4 ,l'am\r--& ) ?is pr9ciple "o c>ries "o's po9t aga9/ ,gods & m5--e/ de t\s les s5tim5ts le plus g/e1 et p> consqu5t1 lorsqu'il e/ bless1 le mo9s gnreux 7,b4 ,con/ant74 #c4 ,p]haps y are beg9n+ to p]ceive h[ v mu* ?is music improves me8--,il faut mdit]ranis] la musique3 & ,i h my reasons = ?is pr9ciple 7,beyond ,good & ,evil1 pp4 #baf et seq474 ,! return to ,nature1 heal?1 good spirits1 y\?1 virtue6--,& yet ,i 0 "o ( ! mo/ corrupt$ ,wagn]ites4444 ,i 0 able to take ,wagn] s]i\sly4 ,oh1 ?is old magician6 :at tricks has he n play$ ^u u6 ,! fir/ ?+ 8 art places 9 our h&s is a magnify+ glass3 we look ?r\gh x1 & we no long] tru/ our own eyes4--,ev]y?+ gr[s bigg]1 ev5 ,wagn] gr[s bigg]4444 ,:at a clev] rattlesnake4 ,?r\gh\t 8 life he rattl$ resignation1 loyalty1 & purity ab\t our e>s1 & he retir$ f ! corrupt _w ) a song ( praise to *a/ity6 6--,& we believ$ x all4444 --,b y w n li/5 to me8 ,y pref] ev5 ! problem ( ,wagn] to t ( ,bizet8 ,b nei!r d ,i und]rate x2 x has its *>m4 ,! problem ( salvation is ev5 a v5]able problem4 ,wagn] pond]$ ov] no?+ s deeply z ov] salvation3 8 op]a is ! op]a ( salvation4 ,someone always wants to be sav$ 9 8 op]as1--n[ x is a y\?2 anon x is a maid1--?is is 8 problem4--,& h[ lavi%ly he v>ies 8 leitmotif6 ,:at r>e & melan*oly modulations6 ,if x 7 n = ,wagn]1 :o w\ld tea* u t innoc5ce has a pref]5ce = sav+ int]e/+ s9n]s8 7! case 9 ,tannhus]74 ,or t ev5 ! et]nal ,jew gets sav$ & settl$ d[n :5 he m>ries8 7! case 9 ! ,fly+ ,dut*man74 ,or t corrupt$ old females pref] to be sav$ by *a/e "y m58 7! case ( ,kundry74 ,or t "y hy/]ics l to be sav$ by _! doctor8 7! case 9 ,loh5gr974 ,or t beautiful girls mo/ love to be sav$ by a knight :o also happ5s to be a ,wagn]ite8 7! case 9 ! ,ma/]s+]s74 ,or t ev5 m>ri$ wom5 also l to be sav$ by a knight8 7! case ( ,isolde74 ,or t ! v5]able ,almighty1 aft] hav+ compromis$ himself morally 9 all mann] ( ways1 is at la/ deliv]$ by a free _s & an immorali/8 7! case 9 ! ,r+74 ,admire1 m especially ?is la/ piece ( wisdom6 ,d y und]/& x8 ,i--take good c>e n to und]/& x4444 ,t x is possible to draw yet o!r lessons f ! works above m5tion$1--,i am mu* m ready to prove ?an to dispute4 ,t "o may be driv5 by a ,wagn]ian ballet to desp]ation--& to virtue6 7once aga9 ! case 9 ,tannhus]74 ,t n go+ to b$ at ! "r "t may be foll[$ by ! wor/ consequ5ces 7once aga9 ! case ( ,loh5gr971--,t "o c nev] be too sure ( ! sp\se "o actually m>ries 7= ! ?ird "t1 ! case ( ,loh5gr974 ,tri/an & ,isolde glorifies ! p]fect husb& :o1 9 a c]ta9 case1 c ask only "o "q3 ,b :y h ye n told me ?is be=e8 ,no?+ c\ld be simpl] ?an t6 ,reply3 ,t ,i _c tell !e4 ,& :at ?\ aske/1 ,t wilt ?\ nev] le>n4 ,loh5gr9 conta9s a solemn ban ^u all inve/igation & que/ion+4 ,9 ?is way ,wagn] /ood = ! ,*ri/ian concept1 ,?\ mu/ & %alt believe6 ,x is a crime aga9/ ! highe/ & ! holie/ to be sci5tific4444 ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man prea*es ! sublime doctr9e t woman c moor ! mo/ erratic s\l1 or to put x into ,wagn]ian t]ms save him4 ,"h we v5ture to ask a "q4 ,suppos+ t ?is 7 actually true1 w\ld x !re=e be desirable8--,:at becomes ( ! et]nal ,jew :om a woman adores & en*a9s8 ,he simply ceases f be+ et]nal2 he m>ries1--t is to say1 he conc]ns u no long]4--,transf]r$ into ! realm ( reality1 ! dang] = ! arti/ & = ! g5ius--& ^! are ( c\rse ! et]nal ,jews--resides 9 woman3 ador+ wom5 are _! ru94 ,sc>cely any "o has suffici5t "* n to be corrupt$--sav$ :5 he f9ds himself treat$ z a ,god3--he !n imm$iately condesc5ds to woman4--,man is a c[>d 9 ! face ( all t is et]nally fem99e3 & ?is ! girls "k4--,9 _m cases ( woman's love1 & p]haps precisely 9 ! mo/ fam\s ones1 ! love is no m ?an a ref9$ =m ( p>asitism1 a mak+ "o's ne/ 9 ano!r's s\l & sometimes ev5 9 ano!r's fle%--,ah6 & h[ con/antly at ! co/ ( ! ho/6 ,we "k ! fate ( ,goe! 9 old-maidi% moral9-corrod$ ,g]many4 ,he 0 always (f5sive to ,g]mans1 he f\nd hone/ admir]s only among4 ,jewesses4 ,s*ill]1 noble ,s*ill]1 :o cri$ fl[]y words into _! e>s1--he 0 a man aft] _! own he>t4 ,:at did !y reproa* ,goe! )8--) ! ,m\nt ( ,v5us1 & ) hav+ compos$ c]ta9 ,v5etian epigrams4 ,ev5 ,klop/ock prea*$ him a moral s]mon2 !re 0 a "t :5 ,h]d] 0 fond ( us+ ! ^w ,priapus :5 he spoke ( ,goe!4 ,ev5 ,wilhelm ,mei/] seem$ to be only a symptom ( decl9e1 ( a moral go+ to ! dogs4 ,! ,m5ag]ie ( tame cattle1 ! wor?lessness ( ! h]o 9 ?is book1 revolt$ ,niebuhr1 :o f9ally bur/s out 9 a pla9t :i* ,bit]olf#b might well h sung3 no?+ s easily makes a pa9ful impression z :5 a great m9d despoils itself ( its w+s & /rives = virtuosity 9 some?+ greatly inf]ior1 :ile x r5\nces m l(ty aims4 ,b ! mo/ indignant ( all 0 ! cultur$ woman3 all small] c\rts 9 ,g]many1 e k9d ( ,puritanism made ! sign ( ! cross at ! sight ( ,goe!1 at ! ?\ght ( ! unclean _s 9 ,goe!4--,?is hi/ory 0 :at ,wagn] set to music4 ,he saves ,goe!1 t goes )\t say+2 b he does s 9 su* a clev] way t he also takes ! side ( ! cultur$ woman4 ,goe! gets sav$3 a pray] saves him1 a cultur$ woman draws him out ( ! mire4 --,z to :at ,goe! w\ld h ?\ght ( ,wagn]8--,goe! once set himself ! "q1 :at dang] hangs ov] all romantici/s3 ! fate ( romantici/s8 ,8 answ] 03 ,to *oke ov] ! rum9ation ( moral & religi\s absurdities4 ,9 %ort3 ,p>sifal4444 ,! philosoph] writes !reto an epilogue4 ,hol9ess--! only rema9+ high] value /ill se5 by ! mob or by woman1 ! horizon ( ! ideal = all ^? :o are naturally %ort-sight$4 ,to philosoph]s1 h[ev]1 ?is horizon1 l e o!r1 is a m]e misund]/&+1 a sort ( slamm+ ( ! door 9 ! face ( ! real beg9n+ ( _! _w1--_! dang]1 _! ideal1 _! desid]atum4444 ,9 m polite language3 ,la ,philosophie ne suffit pas au gr& nombre4 ,il lui faut la sa9tet4444 #d4 ,i %all once m relate ! hi/ory ( ! ,r+4 ,?is is its prop] place4 ,x is also ! hi/ory ( a salvation3 except t 9 ?is case x is ,wagn] himself :o is sav$1--,half 8 life-"t ,wagn] believ$ 9 ! ,revolution z only a ,fr5*man c\ld h believ$ 9 x4 ,he s\ght x 9 ! runic inscriptions ( my?s1 he ?\ght he _h f\nd a typical revolution>y 9 ,siegfri$4-,:5ce arises all ! evil 9 ?is _w8 ,wagn] ask$ himself4 ,f old contracts3 he repli$1 z all revolution>y ideologi/s h done4 ,9 pla9 ,engli%3 f cu/oms1 laws1 morals1 in/itutions1 f all ^? ?+s ^u :i* ! anci5t _w & anci5t society re/s4 ,h[ c "o get rid ( ! evil 9 ?is _w8 ,h[ c "o get rid ( anci5t society8 ,only by decl>+ w> aga9/ contracts 7traditions1 morality74 ,?is ,siegfri$ does4 ,he />ts e>ly at ! game1 v e>ly3 8 orig9 itself is already a decl>ation ( w> aga9/ morality--he is ! result ( adult]y1 ( ince/4444 ,n ! saga1 b ,wagn] himself is ! inv5tor ( ?is radical feature2 9 ?is matt] he correct$ ! saga4444 ,siegfri$ cont9ues z he began3 he foll[s only 8 fir/ impulse1 he fl+s all tradition1 all respect1 all fe> to ! w9ds4 ,:atev] displeases him he /rikes d[n4 ,he tilts irrev]5tly at old god-heads4 ,8 pr9cipal und]tak+1 h[ev]1 is to emancipate woman1--to deliv] ,brunnhilda4 444 ,siegfri$ & ,brunnhilda2 ! sacram5t ( free love2 ! dawn ( ! gold5 age2 ! twilight ( ! ,gods ( old morality--evil is got rid (4444 ,= a long :ile ,wagn]'s %ip sail$ happily along ?is c\rse4 ,!re c be no d\bt t along x ,wagn] s\ght 8 highe/ goal4--,:at happ5$8 ,a mis=tune4 ,! %ip da%$ on to a reef2 ,wagn] _h run agr\nd4 ,! reef 0 ,s*op5hau]'s philosophy2 ,wagn] _h /uck fa/ on a contr>y view ( ! _w4 ,:at _h he set to music8 ,optimism8 ,wagn] 0 a%am$4 ,x 0 moreov] an optimism = :i* ,s*op5hau] _h devis$ an evil expression1--unscrupul\s optimism4 ,he 0 m ?an ev] a%am$4 ,he reflect$ = "s "t2 8 position seem$ desp]ate4444 ,at la/ a pa? ( escape seem$ gradually to op5 be=e him3 :at if ! reef on :i* he _h be5 wreck$ c\ld be int]pret$ z a goal1 z ! ult]ior motive1 z ! actual purpose ( 8 j\rney8 ,to be wreck$ "h1 ?is 0 also a goal4 ,b5e navigavi cum naufragium feci 444 & he translat$ ! ,r+ into ,s*op5hau]ian language4 ,ev]y?+ goes wrong1 ev]y?+ goes to wrack & ru91 ! new _w is j z bad z ! old "o3--,non5tity1 ! ,indian ,circe beckons4444 ,brunnhilda1 :o accord+ to ! old plan _h to retire ) a song 9 hon\r ( free love1 consol+ ! _w ) ! hope ( a sociali/ic ,utopia 9 :i* all w be well2 n[ gets some?+ else to d4 ,%e mu/ fir/ /udy ,s*op5hau]4 ,%e mu/ fir/ v]sify ! f\r? book ( ,! ,_w z ,w & ,idea4 ,wagn] 0 sav$4444 ,jok+ ap>t1 ?is 0 a salvation4 ,! s]vice :i* ,wagn] owes to ,s*op5hau] is incalculable4 ,x 0 ! philosoph] ( decad5ce :o all[$ ! arti/ ( decad5ce to f9d himself4-- #e4 ,! arti/ ( decad5ce4 ,t is ! ^w4 ,& "h ,i beg9 to be s]i\s4 ,i c\ld n ?9k ( look+ on approv+ly :ile ?is dcad5t spoils our heal?--& music into ! b>ga94 ,is ,wagn] a man at all8 ,is he n r a disease8 ,ev]y?+ he t\*es he contam9ates4 ,he has made music sick4 ,a typical dcad5t :o ?9ks himself necess>y ) 8 corrupt$ ta/e1 :o arrogates to himself a high] ta/e1 :o tries to e/abli% 8 depravity z a law1 z progress1 z a fulfilm5t4 ,& no "o gu>ds aga9/ x4 ,8 p[]s ( s$uction atta9 mon/r\s proportions1 holy inc5se hangs ar\nd him1 ! misund]/&+ conc]n+ him is call$ ! ,gospel1--& he has c]ta9ly n conv]t$ only ! poor 9 _s to 8 cause6 ,i %\ld l to op5 ! w9d[ a little4 ,air6 ,m air6-- ,! fact t p 9 ,g]many deceive !mselves conc]n+ ,wagn] does n surprise me4 ,! rev]se w\ld surprise me4 ,! ,g]mans h modell$ a ,wagn] = !mselves1 :om !y c hon\r3 nev] yet h !y be5 psy*ologi/s2 !y are ?ankful t !y misund]/&4 ,b t p %\ld also deceive !mselves conc]n+ ,wagn] 9 ,p>is6 ,:]e p are sc>cely any?+ else ?an psy*ologi/s4 ,& 9 ,sa9t ,pet]sburg6 ,:]e ?+s are div9$1 :i* ev5 ,p>is has no idea (4 ,h[ intimately relat$ mu/ ,wagn] be to ! entire decad5ce ( ,europe = h] n to h felt t he 0 decad5t6 ,he belongs to x3 he is its protagoni/1 its greate/ "n4444 ,we br+ hon\r on ourselves by elevat+ him to ! cl\ds4--,= ! m]e fact t no "o gu>ds aga9/ him is 9 itself already a sign ( decad5ce4 ,in/9ct is weak5$1 :at ought to be es*ew$ n[ attracts4 ,p actually kiss t :i* plunges !m m quickly into ! abyss4--,is !re any ne$ = an example8 ,"o has only to ?9k ( ! rgime :i* anmic1 or g\ty1 or diabetic p prescribe = !mselves4 ,! def9ition ( a veget>ian3 a creature :o has ne$ ( a corroborat+ diet4 ,to recognise :at is h>mful z h>mful1 to be able to d5y oneself :at is h>mful1 is a sign ( y\?1 ( vitality4 ,t :i* is h>mful lures ! exhau/$3 cabbage lures ! veget>ian4 ,illness itself c be a /imulus to life3 b "o mu/ be heal?y en\gh = su* a /imulus6--,wagn] increases exhau/ion3 !re=e he attracts ! weak & exhau/$ to him4 ,oh1 ! rattlesnake joy ( ! old ,ma/] precisely because he always saw ! little *ildr5 com+ unto him6 ,i place ?is po9t ( view fir/ & =emo/3 ,wagn]'s art is diseas$4 ,! problems he sets on ! /age are all conc]n$ ) hy/]ia2 ! convulsiv5ess ( 8 emotions1 8 ov]-excit$ s5sitiv5ess1 8 ta/e :i* dem&s ev] %>p] condim5tation1 8 erraticness :i* he togg$ out to look l pr9ciples1 &1 la/ b n lea/1 8 *oice ( h]oes & h]o9es1 consid]$ z physiological types 7--a hospital w>d6--73 ! :ole repres5ts a morbid picture2 ( ?is !re c be no d\bt4 ,wagn] e/ une nevrose4 ,maybe1 t no?+ is bett] kn[n to-day1 or 9 any case ! subject ( great] /udy1 ?an ! ,protean "* ( deg5]ation :i* has disguis$ itself "h1 bo? z an art & z an arti/4 ,9 ,wagn] our m$ical m5 & physiologi/s h a mo/ int]e/+ case1 or at lea/ a v complete "o4 ,ow+ to ! v fact t no?+ is m mod]n ?an ?is ?or\gh morbidness1 ?is dilator9ess & excessive irritability ( ! n]v\s ma*9]y1 ,wagn] is ! mod]n arti/ p> excell5ce1 ! ,caglio/ro ( mod]nity4 ,all t ! _w mo/ ne$s to-day1 is comb9$ 9 ! mo/ s$uctive mann] 9 8 art1--! ?ree great /imulants ( exhau/$ p3 brutality1 artificiality & innoc5ce 7idiocy74 ,wagn] is a great corrupt] ( music4 ,) x1 he f\nd ! means ( /imulat+ tir$ n]ves1--& 9 ?is way he made music ill4 ,9 ! art ( spurr+ exhau/$ creatures back into activity1 & ( recall+ half-corpses to life1 ! inv5tiv5ess he %[s is ( no mean ord]4 ,he is ! ma/] ( hypnotic trick]y1 & he fells ! /ronge/ l bullocks4 ,wagn]'s success--8 success ) n]ves1 & !re=e ) wom5--conv]t$ ! :ole _w ( ambiti\s musicians into disciples ( 8 secret art4 ,& n only ! ambiti\s1 b also ! %rewd4444 ,only ) morbid music c money be made to-day2 our big !atres live on ,wagn]4 #f4 --,once m ,i w v5ture to indulge 9 a little levity4 ,let u suppose t ,wagn]'s success c\ld become fle% & blood & assume a human =m2 t1 dress$ up z a good-natur$ musical savant1 x c\ld move among budd+ arti/s4 ,h[ d y ?9k x w\ld !n be likely to express itself8-- ,my fri5ds1 x w\ld say1 let u ex*ange a ^w or two 9 private4 ,x is easi] to compose bad music ?an good music4 ,b :at1 if ap>t f ?is x 7 also m pr(itable1 m effective1 m conv9c+1 m exalt+1 m secure1 m ,wagn]ian8444 ,pul*rum e/ paucorum hom9um4 ,bad en\gh 9 all consci5ce6 ,we und]/& ,lat91 & p]haps we also und]/& :i* side our bread is butt]$4 ,beauty has its drawbacks3 we "k t4 ,:]e=e beauty !n8 ,:y n r aim at size1 at ! sublime1 ! gigantic1 t :i* moves ! masses8--,& to repeat3 x is easi] to be titanic ?an to be beautiful2 we "k t4444 ,we "k ! masses1 we "k ! !atre4 ,! be/ ( ^? :o assemble !re1--,g]man y\?s1 horn$ ,siegfri$s & o!r ,wagn]ites1 require ! sublime1 ! pr(\nd1 & ! ov]:elm+4 ,?is mu* /ill lies )9 our p[]4 ,& z = ! o!rs :o assemble !re1--! cultur$ crt9s1 ! blas pigmies1 ! et]nally fem99e1 ! ga/rically happy1 9 %ort ! p--!y also require ! sublime1 ! pr(\nd1 ! ov]:elm+4 ,all ^! p argue 9 ! same way4 ,he :o ov]?r[s u is /rong2 he :o elevates u is godly2 he :o makes u wond] vaguely is pr(\nd4--,let u make up our m9d !n1 my fri5ds 9 music3 we d want to ov]?r[ !m1 we d want to elevate !m1 we d want to make !m wond] vaguely4 ,?is mu* /ill lies )9 our p[]s4 ,9 reg>d to ! process ( mak+ !m wond]3 x is "h t our notion ( /yle f9ds its />t+-po9t4 ,above all1 no ?\ghts6 ,no?+ is m compromis+ ?an a ?\ght6 ,b ! /ate ( m9d :i* prec$es ?\ght1 ! lab\r ( ! ?\ght /ill unborn1 ! promise ( future ?\ght1 ! _w z x 0 be=e ,god creat$ x --a recrudesc5ce ( *aos4444 ,*aos makes p wond] 444 ,9 ! words ( ! ma/]3 inf9ity b )\t melody4 ,9 ! second place1 ) reg>d to ! ov]-?r[+1--?is belongs at lea/ 9 "p1 to physiology4 ,let u1 9 ! fir/ place1 exam9e ! in/rum5ts4 ,a few ( !m w\ld conv9ce ev5 our inte/9es 7--!y ?r[ op5 doors1 z ,hndel w\ld say71 o!rs be*>m our v m>r[4 ,! col\r ( ! melody is all-important "h2 ! melody itself is ( no importance4 ,let u be precise ab\t ?is po9t4 ,to :at o!r purpose %\ld we sp5d our /r5g?8 ,let u be *>act]i/ic 9 tone ev5 to ! po9t ( fooli%ness6 ,if by means ( tones we all[ pl5ty ( scope = guess+1 ?is w be put to ! cr$it ( our intellects4 ,let u irritate n]ves1 let u /rike !m dead3 let u h&le ?und] & lightn+1--t is :at ov]?r[s4444 ,b :at ov]?r[s be/1 is passion4--,we mu/ try & be cle> conc]n+ ?is "q ( passion4 ,no?+ is *eap] ?an passion6 ,all ! virtues ( c\nt]po9t may be disp5s$ )1 !re is no ne$ to h le>nt any?+1--b passion is always )9 our rea*6 ,beauty is difficult3 let u bew>e ( beauty6444 ,& also ( melody6 ,h[ev] mu* 9 e>ne/ we may o!rwise be ab\t ! ideal1 let u sl&]1 my fri5ds1 let u sl&]1--let u sl&] melody6 ,no?+ is m dang]\s ?an a beautiful melody6 ,no?+ is m c]ta9 to ru9 ta/e6 ,my fri5ds1 if p aga9 set ab\t lov+ beautiful melodies1 we are lo/6444 ,fir/ pr9ciple3 melody is immoral4 ,pro(3 ,pale/r9a4 ,application3 ,p>sifal4 ,! abs5ce ( melody is 9 itself sanctify+4444 ,& ?is is ! def9ition ( passion4 ,passion--or ! acrobatic feats ( ugl9ess on ! tight-rope ( enh>monic4--,my fri5ds1 let u d>e to be ugly6 ,wagn] d>$ x6 ,let u heave ! mud ( ! mo/ repulsive h>monies undaunt$ly be=e u4 ,we mu/ n ev5 sp>e our h&s6 ,only ?us1 %all we become natural4444 ,& n[ a la/ ^w ( advice4 ,p]haps x cov]s ev]y?+4--,let u be ideali/s_/--,if n ! clev]e/1 x is at lea/ ! wise/ ?+ we c d4 ,9 ord] to elevate m5 we ourselves mu/ be exalt$4 ,let u w&] 9 ! cl\ds1 let u h>angue et]nity1 let u be c>eful to gr\p great symbols all ar\nd u6 ,sursum6 ,bumbum6-- !re is no bett] advice4 ,! heav+ brea/ %all be our argum5t1 beautiful feel+s our advocates4 ,virtue /ill c>ries its po9t aga9/ c\nt]po9t4 ,h[ c\ld he :o improves u1 help be+ bett] ?an we8 man has ev] ?\ght ?us4 ,let u !re=e improve mank9d6--9 ?is way we %all become good 79 ?is way we %all ev5 become classics--,s*ill] became a classic74 ,! /ra9+ aft] ! base excitem5t ( ! s5ses1 aft] s-call$ beauty1 %att]$ ! n]ves ( ! ,italians3 let u rema9 ,g]man6 ,ev5 ,moz>t's relation to music--,wagn] spoke ?is ^w ( com=t to u--0 at bottom frivol\s4444 ,nev] let u ackn[l$ge t music may be a recreation1 t x may enliv51 t x may give pleasure4 ,nev] let u give pleasure6--we %all be lo/ if p once aga9 ?9k ( music h$oni/ically4444 ,t belongs to ! bad eighte5? c5tury4444 ,on ! o!r h&1 no?+ w\ld be m advisable 7betwe5 ourselves7 ?an a dose (--cant1 sit v5ia v]bo4 ,?is imp>ts dignity4--,& let u take c>e to select ! precise mom5t :5 x w\ld be fitt+ to h black looks1 to sigh op5ly1 to sigh dev\tly1 to flaunt gr& ,*ri/ian sympa?y be=e _! eyes4 ,man is corrupt3 :o w save him8 :at w save him8 ,d n let u reply4 ,we mu/ be on our gu>d4 ,we mu/ control our ambition1 :i* w\ld bid u f\nd new religions4 ,b no "o mu/ d\bt t x is we :o save him1 t 9 our music alone salvation is to be f\nd4444 7,see ,wagn]'s essay1 ,religion & ,art7 #g4 ,en\gh6 ,en\gh6 ,i fe> t1 b5ea? all my m]ry je/s1 y are beg9n+ to recognise ! s9i/] tru? only too cle>ly--! picture ( ! decl9e ( art1 ( ! decl9e ( ! arti/4 ,! latt]1 :i* is a decl9e ( "*1 might p]haps be def9$ provisionally 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ! musician is n[ becom+ an actor1 8 art is develop+ ev] m & m into a tal5t = tell+ lies4 ,9 a c]ta9 *apt] ( my pr9cipal "w :i* be>s ! title ,conc]n+ ! ,physiology ( ,art1#c ,i %all h an opportunity ( %[+ m ?or\ghly h[ ?is trans=mation ( art z a :ole into hi/rionics is j z mu* a sign ( physiological deg5]ation 7or m precisely a =m ( hy/]ia71 z any o!r individual corruption1 & infirmity peculi> to ! art :i* ,wagn] inaugurat$3 = in/ance ! re/lessness ( its optics1 :i* makes x necess>y to *ange "o's attitude to x e second4 ,!y und]/& no?+ ( ,wagn] :o see 9 him b a sport ( nature1 an arbitr>y mood1 a *apt] ( accid5ts4 ,he 0 n ! defective1 ill-fat$1 contradictory g5ius t p h decl>$ him to be4 ,wagn] 0 some?+ complete1 he 0 a typical decad5t1 9 :om e sign ( free w 0 lack+1 9 :om e feature 0 necess>y4 ,if !re is any?+ at all ( int]e/ 9 ,w>n]1 x is ! consi/5cy ) :i* a critical physiological condition may conv]t itself1 /ep by /ep1 conclusion aft] conclusion1 into a me?od1 a =m ( proc$ure1 a re=m ( all pr9ciples1 a crisis 9 ta/e4 ,at ?is po9t ,i %all only /op to consid] ! "q ( /yle4 ,h[ is decad5ce 9 lit]ature *>act]is$8 ,by ! fact t 9 x life no long] animates ! :ole4 ,words become pr$om9ant & leap "r out ( ! s5t5ce to :i* !y belong1 ! s5t5ces !mselves trespass beyond _! b\nds1 & obscure ! s5se ( ! :ole page1 & ! page 9 its turn ga9s 9 vig\r at ! co/ ( ! :ole1--! :ole is no long] a :ole4 ,b ?is is ! =mula = e decad5t /yle3 !re is always an>*y among ! atoms1 disaggregation ( ! w1--9 moral t]ms3 fre$om ( ! individual1--ext5d$ into a political !ory3 equal rights = all4 ,life1 equal vitality1 all ! vibration & exub]ance ( life1 driv5 back into ! smalle/ /ructure1 & ! rema9d] left almo/ lifeless4 ,ev]y:]e p>alysis1 dis-tress1 & numbness1 or ho/ility & *aos3 bo? /rik+ "o ) ev] increas+ =ce ! high] ! =ms ( organisation are into :i* "o asc5ds4 ,! :ole no long] lives at all3 x is compos$1 reckon$ up1 artificial1 a fictiti\s ?+4 ,9 ,wagn]s case ! fir/ ?+ we notice is an halluc9ation1 n ( tones1 b ( attitudes4 ,only aft] he has ! latt] does he beg9 to seek ! semiotics ( tone = !m4 ,if we wi% to admire him1 we %\ld obs]ve him at "w "h3 h[ he sep>ates & di/+ui%es1 h[ he arrives at small unities1 & h[ he galvanises !m1 acc5tuates !m1 & br+s !m into pre-em95ce4 ,b 9 ?is way he exhau/s 8 /r5g?3 ! re/ is wor?less4 ,h[ paltry1 awkw>d1 & amateuri% is 8 mann] ( develop+1 8 attempt at comb9+ incompatible p>ts4 ,8 mann] 9 ?is respect rem9ds "o ( two p :o ev5 9 o!r ways are n unlike him 9 /yle--! bro!rs ,gonc\rt2 "o almo/ feels compassion = s mu* impot5ce4 ,t ,wagn] disguis$ 8 inability to create organic =ms1 "u ! cloak ( a pr9ciple1 t he %\ld h con/ruct$ a dramatic /yle out ( :at we %\ld call ! total inability to create any /yle :atsoev]1 is q 9 keep+ ) t d>+ habit1 :i* /uck to him ?r\gh\t 8 life1 ( sett+ up a pr9ciple :]ev] capacity fail$ him4 7,9 ?is respect he 0 v diff]5t f old ,kant1 :o rejoic$ 9 ano!r =m ( d>+1 i4e43 :5ev] a pr9ciple fail$ him1 he end[$ man ) a capacity :i* took its place44447 ,once m let x be said t ,wagn] is really only wor?y ( admiration & love by virtue ( 8 inv5tiv5ess 9 small ?+s1 9 8 elaboration ( details1--"h "o is q ju/ifi$ 9 proclaim+ him a ma/] ( ! fir/ rank1 z our greate/ musical m9iaturi/1 :o compresses an inf9ity ( mean+ & sweetness into ! smalle/ space4 ,8 weal? ( col\r1 ( *i>oscuro1 ( ! my/]y ( a dy+ light1 s pamp]s our s5ses t aft]w>ds almo/ e o!r musician /rikes u z be+ too robu/4 ,if p w\ld believe me1 !y w\ld n =m ! highe/ idea ( ,wagn] f t :i* pleases !m 9 him to-day4 ,all t 0 only devis$ = conv9c+ ! masses1 & p l ourselves recoil f x j z "o w\ld recoil f too g>i% a fresco4 ,:at conc]n h we ) ! irritat+ brutality ( ! ov]ture to ! ,tannhus]8 ,or ) ! ,walkyrie ,circus8 ,:atev] has become popul> 9 ,wagn]'s art1 includ+ t :i* has become s outside ! !atre1 is 9 bad ta/e & spoils ta/e4 ,! ,tannhus] ,m>* seems to me to sav\r ( ! ,phili/9e2 ! ov]ture to ! ,fly+ ,dut*man is mu* ado ab\t no?+2 ! prelude to ,loh5gr9 0 ! fir/1 only too insidi\s1 only too successful example ( h[ "o c hypnotise ) music 7--,i dislike all music :i* aspires to no?+ high] ?an to conv9ce ! n]ves74 ,b ap>t f ! ,wagn] :o pa9ts frescoes & practises magnetism1 !re is yet ano!r ,wagn] :o ho>ds small treasures3 our greate/ melan*olic 9 music1 full ( side glances1 lov+ spee*es1 & words ( com=t1 9 :i* no "o ev] =e/all$ him1--! tone-ma/] ( melan*oly & dr[sy happ9ess4444 ,a lexicon ( ,wagn]'s mo/ intimate phrases--a ho/ ( %ort fragm5ts ( f five to fifte5 b>s ea*1 ( music :i* nobody kn[s4444 ,wagn] _h ! virtue ( dcad5ts1--pity4444 #h4 --,v good6 ,b h[ c ?is dcad5t spoil "o's ta/e if p]*ance "o is n a musician1 if p]*ance "o is n oneself a dcad5t8--,conv]sely6 ,h[ c "o help x6 ,j y try x6--,y "k n :at ,wagn] is3 q a great actor6 ,does a m pr(\nd1 a m pond]\s influ5ce exi/ on ! /age8 ,j look at ^! y\?lets1--all b5umb$1 pale1 brea?less6 ,!y are ,wagn]ites3 !y "k no?+ ab\t music1--& yet ,wagn] gets ! ma/]y ( !m4 ,wagn]'s art presses ) ! weight ( a hundr$ atmosph]es3 d b submit1 !re is no?+ else to d4444 ,wagn] ! actor is a tyrant1 8 pa?os fl+s all ta/e1 all resi/ance1 to ! w9ds4 --,:o else has ?is p]suasive p[] 9 8 attitudes1 :o else sees attitudes s cle>ly be=e any?+ else6 ,?is hold+-(-its-brea? 9 ,wagn]ian pa?os1 ?is dis9cl9ation to h done ) an int5se feel+1 ?is t]rify+ habit ( dwell+ on a situation 9 :i* e in/ant almo/ *okes "o4---- ,0 ,wagn] a musician at all8 ,9 any case he 0 some?+ else to a mu* great] degree--t is to say1 an incomp>able hi/rio1 ! greate/ mime1 ! mo/ a/\nd+ !atrical g5ius t ! ,g]mans h ev] _h1 our sc5ic arti/ p> excell5ce4 ,he belongs to "s o!r sph]e ?an ! hi/ory ( music1 ) ^: really great & g5u9e figure he mu/ n be conf\nd$4 ,wagn] & ,bee?ov5--?is is blasphemy--& above all x does n d ju/ice ev5 to ,wagn]4444 ,z a musician he 0 no m ?an :at he 0 z a man3 he became a musician1 he became a poet1 because ! tyrant 9 him1 8 actor's g5ius1 drove him to be bo?4 ,no?+ is kn[n conc]n+ ,wagn]1 s long z 8 dom9at+ in/9ct has n be5 div9$4 ,wagn] 0 n in/9ctively a musician4 ,& ?is he prov$ by ! way 9 :i* he ab&on$ all laws & rules1 or1 9 m precise t]ms1 all /yle 9 music1 9 ord] to make :at he want$ ) x1 i4e41 a rhetorical m$ium = ! /age1 a m$ium ( expression1 a means ( acc5tuat+ an attitude1 a vehicle ( sugge/ion & ( ! psy*ologically picturesque4 ,9 ?is dep>tm5t ,wagn] may well /& z an inv5tor & an innovator ( ! fir/ ord]--he increas$ ! p[]s ( spee* ( music to an incalculable degree--3 he is ! ,victor ,hugo ( music z language1 provid$ always we all[ t "u c]ta9 circum/ances music may be some?+ :i* is n music1 b spee*--in/rum5t--ancilla dramaturgica4 ,wagn]'s music1 n 9 ! t5d] c>e ( !atrical ta/e1 :i* is v tol]ant1 is simply bad music1 p]haps ! wor/ t has ev] be5 compos$4 ,:5 a musician c no long] c\nt up to ?ree1 he becomes dramatic1 he becomes ,wagn]ian4 444 ,wagn] almo/ discov]$ ! magic :i* c be wr\ght ev5 n[ by means ( music :i* is bo? incoh]5t & elem5t>y4 ,8 consci\sness ( ?is atta9s to huge proportions1 z does also 8 in/9ct to disp5se entirely ) high] law & /yle4 ,! elem5t>y factors--s\nd1 movem5t1 col\r1 9 %ort1 ! :ole s5su\sness ( music--suffice4 ,wagn] nev] calculates z a musician ) a musician's consci5ce3 all he /ra9s aft] is effect1 no?+ m ?an effect4 ,& he kn[s :at he has to make an effect ^u6--,9 ?is he is z unhesitat+ z ,s*ill] 01 z any !atrical man mu/ be2 he has also ! latt]'s contempt = ! _w :i* he br+s to its knees be=e him4 ,a man is an actor :5 he is ahead ( mank9d 9 8 possession ( ?is "o view1 t ev]y?+ :i* has to /rike p z true1 mu/ n be true4 ,?is rule 0 =mulat$ by ,talma3 x conta9s ! :ole psy*ology ( ! actor1 x also conta9s--& ?is we ne$ n d\bt--all 8 morality4 ,wagn]'s music is nev] true4 --,b x is suppos$ to be s3 & ?us ev]y?+ is z x %\ld be4 ,z long z we are "y1 & ,wagn]ites into ! b>ga91 we reg>d ,wagn] z ri*1 ev5 z ! model ( a prodigal giv]1 ev5 z a great l&lord 9 ! realm ( s\nd4 ,we admire him 9 v mu* ! same way z "y ,fr5*m5 admire ,victor ,hugo--t is to say1 = 8 royal lib]ality4 ,lat] on we admire ! "o z well z ! o!r = ! opposite reason3 z ma/]s & p>agons 9 economy1 z prud5t amphitryons4 ,nobody c equal !m 9 ! art ( provid+ a pr9cely bo>d ) su* a mode/ outlay4--,! ,wagn]ite1 ) 8 cr$ul\s /oma*1 is ev5 sat$ ) ! f>e :i* 8 ma/] conjures up be=e him4 ,b we o!rs :o1 9 books z 9 music1 desire above all to f9d sub/ance1 & :o are sc>cely satisfi$ ) ! m]e repres5tation ( a banquet1 are mu* worse (f4 ,9 pla9 ,engli%1 ,wagn] does n give u en\gh to ma/icate4 ,8 recitative--v little meat1 m bones1 & pl5ty ( bro?--,i *ri/5$ alia g5ovese3 ,i _h no int5tion ( flatt]+ ! ,g5oese ) ?is rem>k1 b r ! old] recitativo1 ! recitativo secco4 ,& z to ,wagn]ian leitmotif1 ,i fe> ,i lack ! necess>y cul9>y und]/&+ = x4 ,if h>d press$1 ,i might say t ,i reg>d x p]haps z an ideal too?pick1 z an opportunity ( ridd+ "o's self ( :at rema9s ( "o's meal4 ,wagn]'s arias are /ill left ov]4 ,b n[ ,i %all hold my tongue4 #i4 ,ev5 9 8 g5]al sket* ( ! action1 ,wagn] is above all an actor4 ,! fir/ ?+ t occurs to him is a sc5e :i* is c]ta9 to produce a /rong effect1 a real actio1#d ) a basso-relievo ( attitudes2 an ov]:elm+ sc5e1 ?is he n[ proce$s to elaborate m deeply1 & out ( x he draws 8 *>act]s4 ,! :ole ( :at rema9s to be done foll[s ( itself1 fully 9 keep+ ) a te*nical economy :i* has no reason to be subtle4 ,x is n ,corneille's public t ,wagn] has to consid]1 x is m]ely ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,conc]n+ ! actual requirem5ts ( ! /age ,wagn] w\ld h ab\t ! same op9ion z any o!r actor ( to-day3 a s]ies ( p[]ful sc5es1 ea* /rong] ?an ! "o t prec$$ x1--&1 9 betwe51 all k9ds ( clev] nons5se4 ,8 fir/ conc]n is to gu>antee ! effect ( 8 "w2 he beg9s ) ! ?ird act1 he approves 8 "w accord+ to ! quality ( its f9al effect4 ,guid$ by ?is sort ( und]/&+ ( ! /age1 !re is n mu* dang] ( "o's creat+ a drama unaw>es4 ,drama dem&s inexorable logic3 b :at did ,wagn] c>e ab\t logic8 ,aga9 ,i say1 x 0 n ,corneille's public t he _h to consid]2 b m]ely ,g]mans6 ,ev]ybody kn[s ! te*nical difficulties be=e :i* ! dramati/ (t5 has to summon all 8 /r5g? & frequ5tly to sweat 8 blood3 ! difficulty ( mak+ ! plot seem necess>y & ! unravelm5t z well1 s t bo? are conceivable only 9 a c]ta9 way1 & s t ea* may give ! impression ( fre$om 7! pr9ciple ( ! smalle/ exp5diture ( en]gy74 ,n[ ! v la/ ?+ t ,wagn] does is to sweat blood ov] ! plot2 & on ?is & ! unravelm5t he c]ta9ly sp5ds ! smalle/ possible am\nt ( en]gy4 ,let anybody put "o ( ,wagn]'s plots "u ! microscope1 & ,i wag] t he w be =c$ to laugh4 ,no?+ is m enliv5+ ?an ! dilemma 9 ,tri/an1 unless x be t 9 ! ,ma/]s+]s4 ,wagn] is no dramati/2 let nobody be deceiv$ on ?is po9t4 ,all he did 0 to love ! ^w drama--he always lov$ f9e words4 ,nev]!less1 9 8 writ+s ! ^w drama is m]ely a misund]/&+ 7--& a piece ( %rewdness3 ,wagn] always affect$ sup]iority 9 reg>d to ! ^w op]a--72 j z ! ^w _s is a misund]/&+ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4--,he 0 n en\gh ( a psy*ologi/ = drama2 he in/9ctively avoid$ a psy*ological plot--b h[8--by always putt+ idiosyncrasy 9 its place 444 ,v mod]n--eh8 ,v ,p>isian6 v decad5t6 444 ,incid5tally1 ! plots t ,wagn] kn[s h[ to unravel ) ! help ( dramatic inv5tions1 are ( q ano!r k9d4 ,= example1 let u suppose t ,wagn] requires a female voice4 ,a :ole act )\t a woman's voice w\ld be impossible6 ,b 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance n "o ( ! h]o9es happ5s to be free4 ,:at does ,wagn] d8 ,he emancipates ! olde/ woman on e>?1 ,erda3 ,/ep up1 ag$ gr&-mamma6 ,y h got to s+6 ,& ,erda s+s4 ,wagn]'s end has be5 a*iev$4 ,!reupon he imm$iately dismisses ! old lady3 ,:y on e>? did y come8 ,(f ) y6 ,k9dly g to sleep aga96 ,9 %ort1 a sc5e full ( my?ological awe1 be=e :i* ! ,wagn]ite wond]s all k9ds ( ?+s4444 --,b ! sub/ance ( ,wagn]'s texts6 _! my?ical sub/ance1 _! et]nal sub/ance3--,"q3 h[ is ?is sub/ance1 ?is et]nal sub/ance te/$8 ,! *emical analy/ replies3 ,translate ,wagn] into ! real1 into ! mod]n1--let u be ev5 m cruel1 & say3 into ! b\rgeois6 ,& :at w !n become ( him8--,betwe5 ourselves1 ,i h tri$ ! exp]im5t4 ,no?+ is m ent]ta9+1 no?+ m wor?y ( be+ recomm5d$ to a picnic-p>ty1 ?an to discuss ,wagn] dress$ 9 a m mod]n g>b3 = in/ance ,p>sifal1 z a c&idate 9 div9ity1 ) a public-s*ool education 7--! latt]1 q indisp5sable = pure fooli%ness74 ,:at surprises await "o6 ,w\ld y believe x1 t ,wagn]'s h]o9es "o & all1 once !y h be5 dive/$ ( ! h]oic husks1 are almo/ ,indi/+ui%able f ,mdme4 ,bov>y6--j z "o c conceive conv]sely1 ( ,flaub]t's be+ well able to trans=m all 8 h]o9es into ,sc&9avian or ,c>?ag9ian wom51 & !n to (f] !m to ,wagn] 9 ?is my?ologis$ =m z a libretto4 ,inde$1 g5]ally speak+1 ,wagn] does n seem to h become int]e/$ 9 any o!r problems ?an ^? :i* engross ! little ,p>isian decad5ts ( to-day4 ,always five paces away f ! hospital6 ,all v mod]n problems1 all problems :i* are at home 9 big cities6 d n d\bt x6444 ,h y notic$ 7x is 9 keep+ ) ?is association ( ideas7 t ,wagn]'s h]o9es nev] h any *ildr58--,!y _c h !m1444 ,! despair ) :i* ,wagn] tackl$ ! problem ( arrang+ 9 "s way = ,siegfri$'s bir?1 betrays h[ mod]n 8 feel+s on ?is po9t actually 74--emancipat$ woman--b n ) any hope ( (fspr+4--,& n[ "h is a fact :i* leaves u spee*less3 ,p>sifal is ,loh5gr9's fa!r6 ,h[ ev] did he d x8--,ought "o at ?is juncture to rememb] t *a/ity works miracles8444 ,wagn]us dixit pr9ceps 9 ca/itate auctoritas4 #aj4 ,& n[ j a ^w en passant conc]n+ ,wagn]'s writ+s3 !y are among o!r ?+s a s*ool ( %rewdness4 ,! sy/em ( proc$ures ( :i* ,wagn] disposes1 might be appli$ to a hundr$ o!r cases1--he t ha? e>s to he> let him he>4 ,p]haps ,i may lay claim to "s public ackn[l$gm5t1 if ,i put ?ree ox ! mo/ valuable ( ^! proc$ures into a precise =m4 ,ev]y?+ t ,wagn] _c d is bad4 ,wagn] c\ld d mu* m ?an he does2 b 8 /rong pr9ciples prev5t him4 ,ev]y?+ t ,wagn] c d1 no "o w ev] be able to d aft] him1 no "o has ev] done be=e him1 & no "o mu/ ev] d aft] him3 ,wagn] is godly4444 ,^! ?ree propositions are ! qu9tess5ce ( ,wagn]'s writ+s2--! re/ is m]ely--lit]ature4 --,n e k9d ( music hi!rto has be5 9 ne$ ( lit]ature2 & x 7 well1 to try & discov] ! actual reason ( ?is4 ,is x p]haps t ,wagn]'s music is too difficult to und]/&8 ,or did he fe> precisely ! rev]se4--t x 0 too easy1--t p might n und]/& x ) suffici5t difficulty8--,z a matt] ( fact1 8 :ole life long1 he did no?+ b repeat "o proposition3 t 8 music did n mean music alone6 ,b some?+ m6 ,some?+ immeasurably m6444 ,n music alone--no musician w\ld speak 9 ?is way4 ,i repeat1 ,wagn] c\ld n create ?+s z a :ole2 he _h no *oice1 he 0 oblig$ to create ?+s 9 bits2 ) motives1 attitudes1 =mul1 duplications1 & hundr$s ( repetitions1 he rema9$ a rhetorician 9 music1--& t is :y he 0 at bottom =c$ to press ?is means into ! =egr\nd4 ,music c nev] be any?+ else ?an a means3 ?is 0 8 !ory2 b above all x 0 ! only practice t lay op5 to him4 ,no musician h[ev] ?9ks 9 ?is way4--,wagn] 0 9 ne$ ( lit]ature1 9 ord] to p]suade ! :ole _w to take 8 music s]i\sly1 pr(\ndly1 because x meant an inf9ity ( ?+s2 all 8 life he 0 ! comm5tator ( ! ,idea4--,:at does ,elsa /& =8 ,b )\t a d\bt1 ,elsa is ! unconsci\s m9d ( ! p 7--:5 ,i realis$ ?is1 ,i naturally became a ?or\gh revolutioni/--74 ,d n let u =get t1 :5 ,hegel & ,s*ell+ 7 mislead+ ! m9ds ( ,g]many1 ,wagn] 0 /ill "y3 t he guess$1 or r fully grasp$1 t ! only ?+ :i* ,g]mans take s]i\sly is--! idea1--t is to say1 some?+ obscure1 unc]ta91 wond]ful2 t among ,g]mans lucidity is an objection1 logic a refutation4 ,s*op5hau] rigor\sly po9t$ out ! di%one/y ( ,hegel's & ,s*ell+'s age1--rigor\sly1 b also unju/ly2 = he himself1 ! pessimi/ic old c\nt]feit]1 0 9 no way m hone/ ?an 8 m fam\s contempor>ies4 ,b let u leave morality out ( ! "q1 ,hegel is a matt] ( ta/e4444 ,& n only ( ,g]man b ( ,european ta/e6 444 ,a ta/e :i* ,wagn] und]/ood6--:i* he felt equal to6 :i* he has immortalis$6--,all he did 0 to apply x to music--he inv5t$ a /yle = himself1 :i* might mean an inf9ity ( ?+s1--he 0 ,hegel's heir4444 ,music z ,idea4-- ,& h[ well ,wagn] 0 und]/ood6--,! same k9d ( man :o us$ to gu% ov] ,hegel1 n[ gu%es ov] ,wagn]2 9 8 s*ool !y ev5 write ,hegelian4#e ,b he :o und]/ood ,wagn] be/1 0 ! ,g]man y\?let4 ,! two words inf9ity & mean+ 7 suffici5t = ?is3 at _! s\nd ! y\?let imm$iately began to feel exceptionally happy4 ,wagn] did n conqu] ^! boys ) music1 b ) ! idea3--x is ! enigmatical vagu5ess ( 8 art1 its game ( hide-&-seek amid a hundr$ symbols1 its poly*romy 9 ideals1 :i* leads & lures ! lads4 ,x is ,wagn]'s g5ius = =m+ cl\ds1 8 sweeps & swoops ?r\gh ! air1 8 ubiquity & nullibiety--precisely ! same qualities ) :i* ,hegel l$ & lur$ 9 8 "t6--,moreov] 9 ! pres5ce ( ,wagn]'s multif>i\sness1 pl5itude & arbitr>9ess1 !y seem to !mselves ju/ifi$--sav$4 ,tremul\sly !y li/5 :ile ! great symbols 9 8 art seem to make !mselves he>d f out ! mi/y di/ance1 ) a g5tle roll ( ?und]1 & !y are n at all displeas$ if at times x gets a little grey1 gruesome & cold4 ,are !y n "o & all1 l ,wagn] himself1 on q intimate t]ms ) bad wea!r1 ) ,g]man wea!r6 ,wotan is _! ,god3 b ,wotan is ! ,god ( bad wea!r4444 ,!y are "r1 h[ c\ld ^! ,g]man y\?s--9 _! pres5t condition1--miss :at we o!rs1 we halcyonians1 miss 9 ,wagn]8 i4e43 la gaya sci5za2 light feet1 wit1 fire1 grave1 gr& logic1 /ell> danc+1 wanton intellectuality1 ! vibrat+ light ( ! ,s\?1 ! calm sea--p]fection4444 #aa4 --,i h m5tion$ ! sph]e to :i* ,wagn] belongs--c]ta9ly n to ! hi/ory ( music4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 does he mean hi/orically8--,! rise ( ! actor 9 music1 a mom5t\s ev5t :i* n only leads me to ?9k b also to fe>4 ,9 a ^w3 ,wagn] & ,liszt4 ,nev] yet h ! uprightness & g5u95ess ( musicians be5 put to su* a dang]\s te/4 ,x is gl>+ly obvi\s3 great success1 mob success is no long] ! a*ievem5t ( ! g5u9e1--9 ord] to get x a man mu/ be an actor6--,victor ,hugo & ,ri*>d ,wagn]--!y bo? prove "o & ! same ?+3 t 9 decl9+ civilisations1 :]ev] ! mob is all[$ to decide1 g5u95ess becomes sup]flu\s1 prejudicial1 unfav\rable4 ,! actor1 alone1 c /ill k9dle great en?usiasm4--,& ?us x is 8 gold5 age :i* is n[ dawn+--8 & t ( all ^? :o are 9 any way relat$ to him4 ,) drums & fifes1 ,wagn] m>*es at ! head ( all arti/s 9 declamation1 9 display & virtuosity4 ,he began by conv9c+ ! conductors ( or*e/ras1 ! sc5e-%ift]s & /age-s+]s1 n to =get ! or*e/ra3--he deliv]$ !m f monotony4444 ,! movem5t t ,wagn] creat$ has spread ev5 to ! l& ( k3 :ole sci5ces p]ta9+ to music are ris+ sl[ly1 out ( c5turies ( s*ola/icism4 ,z an example ( :at ,i mean1 let me po9t m p>ticul>ly to ,riemann's s]vices to rhy?mics2 he 0 ! fir/ :o call$ att5tion to ! lead+ idea 9 punctuation--ev5 = music 7un=tunately he did s ) a bad ^w2 he call$ x phras+74--,all ^! p1 & ,i say x ) gratitude1 are ! be/1 ! mo/ respectable among ,wagn]'s admir]s--!y h a p]fect "r to hon\r ,wagn]4 ,! same in/9ct unites !m ) "o ano!r2 9 him !y recognise _! highe/ type1 & s9ce he has inflam$ !m ) 8 own ard\r !y feel !mselves trans=m$ into p[]1 ev5 into great p[]4 ,9 ?is qu>t]1 if any:]e1 ,wagn]'s influ5ce has really be5 b5efic5t4 ,nev] be=e has !re be5 s mu* ?9k+1 will+1 & indu/ry 9 ?is sph]e4 ,wagn] end[$ all ^! arti/s ) a new consci5ce3 :at !y n[ exact & obta9 f !mselves1 !y _h nev] exact$ be=e ,wagn]'s "t--be=e !n !y _h be5 too mode/4 ,ano!r _s prevails on ! /age s9ce ,wagn] rules !re3 ! mo/ difficult ?+s are expect$1 blame is sev]e1 praise v sc>ce1--! good & ! excell5t h become ! rule4 ,ta/e is no long] necess>y1 nor ev5 is a good voice4 ,wagn] is sung only ) ru9$ voices3 ?is has a m dramatic effect4 ,ev5 tal5t is out ( ! "q4 ,expressiv5ess at all co/s1 :i* is :at ! ,wagn]ian ideal--! ideal ( decad5ce--dem&s1 is h>dly compatible ) tal5t4 ,all t is requir$ = ?is is virtue--t is to say1 tra9+1 automatism1 self-d5ial4 ,nei!r ta/e1 voices1 nor gifts2 ,wagn]'s /age requires b "o ?+3 ,g]mans6444 ,! def9ition ( a ,g]man3 an ob$i5t man ) long legs4444 ,!re is a deep significance 9 ! fact t ! rise ( ,wagn] %\ld h co9cid$ ) ! rise ( ! ,empire3 bo? ph5om5a are a pro( ( "o & ! same ?+--ob$i5ce & long legs4--,nev] h p be5 m ob$i5t1 nev] h !y be5 s well ord]$ ab\t4 ,! conductors ( ,wagn]ian or*e/ras1 m p>ticul>ly1 are wor?y ( an age1 :i* po/]ity w "o day call1 ) timid awe1 ! classical age ( w>4 ,wagn] und]/ood h[ to comm&2 9 ?is respect1 too1 he 0 a great tea*]4 ,he comm&$ z a man :o _h ex]cis$ an inexorable w ov] himself--z "o :o _h practis$ lifelong discipl9e3 ,wagn] 01 p]haps1 ! greate/ example ( self-viol5ce 9 ! :ole ( ! hi/ory ( art 7--ev5 ,alfi]i1 :o 9 o!r respects is 8 next-(-k91 is outdone by him4 ,! note ( a ,tor9ese74 #ab4 ,?is view1 t our actors h become m wor?y ( respect ?an h]et(ore1 does n imply t ,i believe !m to h become less dang]\s 444 ,b :o is 9 any d\bt z to :at ,i want1--z to :at ! ?ree requisitions are conc]n+ :i* my wra? & my c>e & love ( art1 h made me op5 my m\? on ?is occasion8 ,t ! /age %\ld n become ma/] ( ! arts4 ,t ! actor %\ld n become ! corrupt] ( ! g5u9e4 ,t music %\ld n become an art ( ly+4 ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e4 ,,po/script ,! gravity ( ^! la/ words all[s me at ?is po9t to introduce a few s5t5ces out ( an unpr9t$ essay :i* w at lea/ leave no d\bt z to my e>ne/ness 9 reg>d to ?is "q4 ,! title ( ?is essay is3 ,:at ,wagn] has co/ u4 ,"o pays de>ly = hav+ be5 a foll[] ( ,wagn]4 ,ev5 to-day a vague feel+ t ?is is s1 /ill prevails4 ,ev5 ,wagn]'s success1 8 triumph1 did n uproot ?is feel+ ?or\ghly4 ,b =m]ly x 0 /rong1 x 0 t]rible2 x 0 a gloomy hate ?r\gh\t almo/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( ,wagn]'s life4 ,! resi/ance :i* he met ) among u ,g]mans _c be too highly valu$ or too highly hon\r$4 ,p gu>d$ !mselves aga9/ him z aga9/ an illness1--n ) argum5ts--x is impossible to refute an illness--1 b ) ob/ruction1 ) mi/ru/1 ) repugnance1 ) loa?+1 ) sombre e>ne/ness1 z ?\gh he 7 a great rampant dang]4 ,! /hetes gave !mselves away :5 out ( ?ree s*ools ( ,g]man philosophy !y wag$ an absurd w> aga9/ ,wagn]'s pr9ciples ) ifs & =s--:at did he c>e ab\t pr9ciples1 ev5 8 own6--,! ,g]mans !mselves _h en\gh in/9ctive good s5se to disp5se ) e if & = 9 ?is matt]4 ,an in/9ct is weak5$ :5 x becomes consci\s3 = by becom+ consci\s x makes itself feeble4 ,if !re 7 any signs t 9 spite ( ! univ]sal "* ( ,european decad5ce !re 0 /ill a modicum ( heal?1 /ill an in/9ctive premonition ( :at is h>mful & dang]\s1 resid+ 9 ! ,g]man s\l1 !n x w\ld be precisely ?is blunt resi/ance to ,wagn] :i* ,i %\ld lea/ l to see und]rat$4 ,x does u hon\r1 x gives u "s reason to hope3 ,france no long] has su* an am\nt ( heal? at h] disposal4 ,! ,g]mans1 ^! loit]]s p> excell5ce1 z hi/ory %[s1 are to-day ! mo/ backw>d among ! civilis$ nations ( ,europe3 ?is has its advantages1--= !y are ?us relatively ! y\nge/4 ,"o pays de>ly = hav+ be5 a foll[] ( ,wagn]4 ,x is only q rec5tly t ! ,g]mans h ov]come a sort ( dread ( him1--! desire to be rid ( him occurr$ to !m aga9 & aga94#f ,does anybody rememb] a v curi\s occurr5ce 9 :i*1 q unexpect$ly t[>ds ! end1 ?is old feel+ once m manife/$ itself8 ,x happ5$ at ,wagn]'s fun]al4 ,! fir/ ,wagn] ,society1 ! "o 9 ,muni*1 laid a wrea? on 8 grave ) ?is inscription1 :i* imm$iately became fam\s3 ,salvation to ! ,savi\r6 ,ev]ybody admir$ ! l(ty inspiration :i* _h dictat$ ?is inscription1 z also ! ta/e :i* seem$ to be ! privilege ( ! foll[]s ( ,wagn]4 ,_m also1 h[ev] 7x 0 s+ul> en\gh71 made ?is slight alt]ation 9 x3 ,salvation f ! ,savi\r --,p began to brea! aga94-- ,"o pays de>ly = hav+ be5 a foll[] ( ,wagn]4 ,let u try to e/imate ! influ5ce ( ?is wor%ip ^u culture4 ,:om did ?is movem5t press to ! front8 ,:at did x make ev] m & m pre-em95t8--,9 ! fir/ place ! layman's arrogance1 ! arrogance ( ! art-maniac4 ,n[ ^! p are organis+ societies1 !y wi% to make _! ta/e prevail1 !y ev5 wi% to pose z judges 9 rebus musicis et musicantibus4 ,secondly3 an ev] increas+ indiff]5ce t[>ds sev]e1 noble & consci5ti\s s*ool+ 9 ! s]vice ( art2 & 9 its place ! belief 9 g5ius1 or 9 pla9 ,engli%1 *eeky dilettantism 7--! =mula = ?is is to be f\nd 9 ! ,ma/]s+]s74 ,?irdly1 & ?is is ! wor/ ( all3 ,!atrocracy--1 ! craz9ess ( a belief 9 ! pre-em95ce ( ! !atre1 9 ! "r ( ! !atre to rule supreme ov] ! arts1 ov] ,art 9 g5]al4444 ,b ?is %\ld be %\t$ into ! face ( ,wagn]ites a hundr$ times ov]3 t ! !atre is some?+ l[] ?an art1 some?+ second>y1 some?+ co>s5$1 above all some?+ suitably di/ort$ & falsifi$ = ! mob4 ,9 ?is respect ,wagn] alt]$ no?+3 ,bayreu? is gr& ,op]a--& n ev5 good op]a4444 ,! /age is a =m ( ,demolatry 9 ! realm ( ta/e1 ! /age is an insurrection ( ! mob1 a plebiscite aga9/ good ta/e4444 ,! case ( ,wagn] proves ?is fact3 he captivat$ ! masses--he deprav$ ta/e1 he ev5 p]v]t$ our ta/e = op]a6-- ,"o pays de>ly = hav+ be5 a foll[] ( ,wagn]4 ,:at has ,wagn]-wor%ip made out ( _s8 ,does ,wagn] lib]ate ! _s8 ,to him belong t ambiguity & equivocation & all o!r qualities :i* c conv9ce ! unc]ta9 )\t mak+ !m consci\s ( :y !y h be5 conv9c$4 ,9 ?is s5se ,wagn] is a s$uc] on a gr& scale4 ,!re is no?+ exhau/$1 no?+ effete1 no?+ dang]\s to life1 no?+ t sl&]s ! _w 9 ! realm ( _s1 :i* has n secretly f\nd %elt] 9 8 art2 he conceals ! blacke/ obscurantism 9 ! lum9\s orbs ( ! ideal4 ,he flatt]s e nihili/ic 7,buddhi/ic7 in/9ct & togs x out 9 music2 he flatt]s e =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 e religi\s expression ( decad5ce4 ,he t ha? e>s to he> let him he>3 ev]y?+ t has ev] gr[n out ( ! soil ( impov]i%$ life1 ! :ole c\nt]feit co9age ( ! transc5d5tal & ( a ,beyond f\nd its mo/ sublime advocate 9 ,wagn]'s art1 n 9 =mul 7,wagn] is too clev] to use =mul71 b 9 ! p]suasion ( ! s5ses :i* 9 _! turn makes ! _s we>y & morbid4 ,music 9 ! =m ( ,circe 444 9 ?is respect 8 la/ "w is 8 greate/ ma/]piece4 ,9 ! art ( s$uction ,p>sifal w = ev] ma9ta9 its rank z a /roke ( g5ius4444 ,i admire ?is "w4 ,i w\ld fa9 h compos$ x myself4 ,wagn] 0 nev] bett] inspir$ ?an t[>ds ! end4 ,! subtlety ) :i* beauty & disease are unit$ "h1 rea*es su* a height1 t x ca/s s to speak a %ad[ ^u all ,wagn]'s e>li] a*ievem5ts3 x seems too bright1 too heal?y4 ,d ye und]/& ?is8 ,heal? & brightness act+ l a %ad[8 ,almo/ l an objection8444 ,to ?is ext5t are we already pure fools4444 ,nev] 0 _! a great] ,ma/] 9 heavy hi]atic p]fumes--,nev] on e>? has !re be5 su* a connoisseur ( paltry inf9ities1 ( all t ?rills1 ( extravagant excesses1 ( all ! fem9ism f out ! vocabul>y ( happ9ess6 ,my fri5ds1 d b dr9k ! philtres ( ?is art6 ,n[h]e w ye f9d a m pleasant me?od ( en]vat+ y\r _s1 ( =gett+ y\r manl9ess 9 ! %ade ( a rosebu%4444 ,ah1 ?is old magician1 mightie/ ( ,kl+sors2 h[ he wages w> aga9/ u ) 8 art1 aga9/ u free spirits6 ,h[ he appeals to e =m ( c[>dice ( ! mod]n s\l ) 8 *>m+ girli% notes6 ,!re nev] 0 su* a mortal hatr$ ( k6 ,"o mu/ be a v cynic 9 ord] to resi/ s$uction "h4 ,"o mu/ be able to bite 9 ord] to resi/ wor%ipp+ at ?is %r9e4 ,v well1 old s$uc]6 ,! cynic cautions y--cave canem4444 ,"o pays de>ly = hav+ be5 a foll[] ( ,wagn]4 ,i contemplate ! y\?lets :o h long be5 expos$ to 8 infection4 ,! fir/ relatively innocu\s effect ( x is ! corruption ( _! ta/e4 ,wagn] acts l *ronic rec\rse to ! bottle4 ,he /ultifies1 he bef\ls ! /oma*4 ,8 specific effect3 deg5]ation ( ! feel+ = rhy?m4 ,:at ! ,wagn]ite calls rhy?mical is :at ,i call1 to use a ,greek metaphor1 /irr+ a swamp4 ,mu* m dang]\s ?an all ?is1 h[ev]1 is ! corruption ( ideas4 ,! y\?let becomes a moon-calf1 an ideali/4 ,he /&s above sci5ce1 & 9 ?is respect he has rea*$ ! ma/]'s heights4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he assumes ! airs ( a philosoph]2 he writes = ! ,bayreu? ,j\rnal2 he solves all problems 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,ma/]4 ,b ! mo/ gha/ly ?+ ( all is ! det]ioration ( ! n]ves4 ,let any "o w&] ?r\gh a l>ge city at night1 9 all directions he w he> p do+ viol5ce to in/rum5ts ) solemn rage & fury1 a wild upro> breaks out at int]vals4 ,:at is happ5+8 ,x is ! disciples ( ,wagn] 9 ! act ( wor%ipp+ him4444 ,bayreu? is ano!r ^w = a ,hydro4 ,a typical telegram f ,bayreu? w\ld read b]eits b]eut 7,i already rep5t74 ,wagn] is bad = "y m52 he is fatal = wom54 ,:at m$ically speak+ is a female ,wagn]ite8 ,x seems to me t a doctor c\ld n be too s]i\s 9 putt+ ?is alt]native ( consci5ce to "y wom53 ei!r "o ?+ or ! o!r4 ,b !y h already made _! *oice4 ,y _c s]ve two ,ma/]s :5 "o ( ^! is ,wagn]4 ,wagn] r$eem$ woman2 & 9 return woman built ,bayreu? = him4 ,e sacrifice1 e surr5d]3 !re 0 no?+ t !y 7 n prep>$ to give him4 ,woman impov]i%es h]self 9 fav\r ( ! ,ma/]1 %e becomes q t\*+1 %e /&s nak$ be=e him4 ,! female ,wagn]ite1 ! mo/ attractive equivocality t exi/s to-day3 %e is ! inc>nation ( ,wagn]'s cause3 8 cause triumphs ) h] z its symbol4444 ,ah1 ?is old robb]6 ,he robs our "y m53 he ev5 robs our wom5 z well1 & drags !m to 8 cell4444 ,ah1 ?is old ,m9otaur6 ,:at has he n already co/ u8 ,e ye> processions ( ! f9e/ "y m5 & maid5s are l$ into 8 labyr9? t he may swall[ !m up1 e ye> ! :ole ( ,europe cries out ,away to ,crete6 ,away to ,crete6 444 ,,second ,,po/script ,x seems to me t my lett] is op5 to "s misund]/&+4 ,on c]ta9 faces ,i see ! expression ( gratitude2 ,i ev5 he> mode/ b m]ry laught]4 ,i pref] to be und]/ood "h z 9 o!r ?+s4 ,b s9ce a c]ta9 animal1 ! worm ( ,empire1 ! fam\s ,rh9ox]a1 has become lodg$ 9 ! v9ey>ds ( ! ,g]man _s1 nobody any long] und]/&s a ^w ,i say4 ,! ,kreuz-,zeitung has br\ght ?is home to me1 n to speak ( ! ,litt]>is*es ,c5tralblatt ,i h giv5 ! ,g]mans ! deepe/ books t !y h ev] possess$--a suffici5t reason = _! n hav+ und]/ood a ^w ( !m4444 ,if 9 ?is essay ,i decl>e w> aga9/ ,wagn]--& incid5tally aga9/ a c]ta9 =m ( ,g]man ta/e1 if ,i seem to use /rong language ab\t ! cret9ism ( ,bayreu?1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t ,i am 9 ! lea/ anxi\s to glorify any o!r musician4 ,o!r musicians are n to be consid]$ by ! side ( ,wagn]4 ,?+s are g5]ally bad4 ,decay is univ]sal4 ,disease lies at ! v root ( ?+s4 ,if ,wagn]'s "n repres5ts ! ru9 ( music1 j z ,b]n9i's /&s = ! ru9 ( sculpture1 he is n on t acc\nt its cause4 ,all he did 0 to accel]ate ! fall1--?\gh we are q prep>$ to admit t he did x 9 a way :i* makes "o recoil ) horror f ?is almo/ in/antane\s decl9e & fall to ! dep?s4 ,he possess$ ! +5u\sness ( decad5ce3 ?is con/itut$ 8 sup]iority4 ,he believ$ 9 x4 ,he did n halt be=e any ( its logical consequ5ces4 ,! o!rs hesitat$--t is _! di/9ction4 ,!y h no o!r4 ,:at is common to bo? ,wagn] & ! o!rs consi/s 9 ?is3 ! decl9e ( all organis+ p[]2 ! abuse ( traditional means1 )\t ! capacity or ! aim t w\ld ju/ify ?is4 ,! c\nt]feit imitation ( gr& =ms1 = :i* nobody n[adays is /rong1 pr\d1 self-reliant & heal?y en\gh2 excessive vitality 9 small details2 passion at all co/s2 ref9em5t z an expression ( impov]i%$ life1 ev] m n]ves 9 ! place ( muscle4 ,i "k only "o musician :o to-day w\ld be able to compose an ov]ture z an organic :ole3 & nobody else kn[s him4#g ,he :o is fam\s n[1 does n write bett] music ?an ,wagn]1 b only less *>act]i/ic1 less def9ite music3--less def9ite1 because half measures1 ev5 9 decad5ce1 _c /& by ! side ( complet5ess4 ,b ,wagn] 0 complete2 ,wagn] repres5t$ ?or\gh corruption2 ,wagn] has _h ! c\rage1 ! w1 & ! conviction = corruption4 ,:at does ,johannes ,brahms matt]8 444 ,x 0 8 good =tune to be misund]/ood by ,g]many he 0 tak5 to be an antagoni/ ( ,wagn]--p requir$ an antagoni/6--,b he did n write necess>y music1 above all he wrote too mu* music6--,:5 "o is n ri* "o %\ld at lea/ h en\gh pride to be poor6444 ,! sympa?y :i* "h & !re 0 met$ out to ,brahms1 ap>t f p>ty int]e/s & p>ty misund]/&+s1 0 = a long "t a riddle to me3 until "o day ?r\gh an accid5t1 almo/1 ,i discov]$ t he affect$ a p>ticul> type ( man4 ,he has ! melan*oly ( impot5ce4 ,8 creations are n ! result ( pl5itude1 he ?ir/s aft] abundance4 ,ap>t f :at he plagi>ises1 f :at he borr[s f anci5t or exotically mod]n /yles--he is a ma/] 9 ! art ( copy+1--!re rema9s z 8 mo/ individual quality a long+4444 ,& ?is is :at ! dissatisfi$ ( all k9ds1 & all ^? :o ye>n1 div9e 9 him4 ,he is mu* too little ( a p]sonality1 too little ( a c5tral figure4444 ,! imp]sonal1 ^? :o are n self-c5tr$1 love him = ?is4 ,he is especially ! musician ( a species ( dissatisfi$ wom54 ,fifty /eps fur!r on1 & we f9d ! female ,wagn]ite--j z we f9d ,wagn] himself fifty paces ahead ( ,brahms4--,! female ,wagn]ite is a m def9ite1 a m int]e/+1 & above all1 a m attractive type4 ,brahms is t\*+ s long z he dreams or m\rns ov] himself 9 private--9 ?is respect he is mod]n2--he becomes cold1 we no long] feel at "o ) him :5 he poses z ! *ild ( ! classics4 444 ,p l to call ,brahms ,bee?ov5's heir3 ,i "k ( no m cauti\s euphemism4--,all t :i* to-day makes a claim to be+ ! gr& /yle 9 music is on precisely t acc\nt ei!r false to u or false to itself4 ,?is alt]native is suspici\s en\gh3 9 itself x conta9s a casui/ic "q conc]n+ ! value ( ! two cases4 ,! in/9ct ( ! majority prote/s aga9/ ! alt]native2 false to u--!y d n wi% to be *eat$2--& ,i myself w\ld c]ta9ly always pref] ?is type to ! o!r 7,false to itself74 ,?is is my ta/e4--,express$ m cle>ly = ! sake ( ! poor 9 _s x am\nts to ?is3 ,brahms or ,wagn]4444 ,brahms is n an actor4--,a v great "p ( o!r musicians may be summ$ up 9 ! concept ,brahms4--,i d n wi% to say any?+ ab\t ! clev] apes ( ,wagn]1 z = in/ance ,goldm>k3 :5 "o has ,! ,que5 ( ,%eba to "o's "n1 "o belongs to a m5ag]ie1--"o ought to put oneself on %[4--,n[adays all ?+s t c be done well & ev5 ) a ma/] h& are small4 ,9 ?is dep>tm5t alone is hone/y /ill possible4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 c cure music z a :ole ( its *ief fault1 ( its fate1 :i* is to be ! expression ( g5]al physiological contradiction1--:i* is1 9 fact1 to be mod]n4 ,! be/ in/ruction1 ! mo/ consci5ti\s s*ool+1 ! mo/ ?or\gh famili>ity1 yea1 & ev5 isolation1 ) ! ,old ,ma/]s1--all ?is only acts z a palliative1 or1 m /rictly speak+1 has b an illusory effect1 because ! fir/ condition ( ! "r ?+ is no long] 9 our bodies2 :e!r ?is fir/ condition be ! /rong race ( a ,hndel or ! ov]fl[+ animal spirits ( a ,ross9i4 ,n ev]yone has ! "r to e tea*]3 & ?is holds good ( :ole epo*s4--,9 itself x is n impossible t !re are /ill rema9s ( /rong] natures1 typical unadapt$ m51 some:]e 9 ,europe3 f ?is qu>t] ! adv5t ( a some:at belat$ =m ( beauty & p]fection1 ev5 9 music1 might /ill be hop$ =4 ,b ! mo/ t we c expect to see are exceptional cases4 ,f ! rule1 t corruption is p>am\nt1 t corruption is a fatality1--n ev5 a ,god c save music4 ,,epilogue ,& n[ let u take brea? & )draw a mom5t f ?is n>r[ _w :i* necess>ily mu/ be n>r[1 because we h to make enquiries relative to ! value ( p]sons4 ,a philosoph] feels t he wants to wa% 8 h&s aft] he has conc]n$ himself s long ) ! ,case ( ,wagn]4 ,i %all n[ give my notion ( :at is mod]n4 ,accord+ to ! measure ( en]gy ( e age1 !re is also a /&>d t det]m9es :i* virtues %all be all[$ & :i* =bidd54 ,! age ei!r has ! virtues ( asc5d+ life1 9 :i* case x resi/s ! virtues ( deg5]ation ) all its deepe/ in/9cts4 ,or x is 9 itself an age ( deg5]ation1 9 :i* case x requires ! virtues ( decl9+ life1--9 :i* case x hates ev]y?+ t ju/ifies itself1 solely z be+ ! outcome ( a pl5itude1 or a sup]abundance ( /r5g?4 /hetic is inextricably b\nd up ) ^! biological pr9ciples3 !re is decad5t /hetic1 & classical /hetic1--,beauty 9 itself is j z mu* a *im]a z any o!r k9d ( idealism4--,)9 ! n>r[ sph]e ( ! s-call$ moral values1 no great] anti!sis c\ld be f\nd ?an t ( ma/]-morality & ! morality ( ,*ri/ian valuations3 ! latt] hav+ gr[n out ( a ?or\ghly morbid soil4 7--,! gospels pres5t u ) ! same physiological types1 z d ! novels ( ,do/oiewsky71 ! ma/]-morality 7,roman1 pagan1 classical1 ,r5aissance71 on ! o!r h&1 be+ ! symbolic spee* ( well-con/itut$ness1 ( asc5d+ life1 & ( ! ,w to ,p[] z a vital pr9ciple4 ,ma/]-morality affirms j z in/9ctively z ,*ri/ian morality d5ies 7,god1 ,beyond1 self-d5ial1--all ( !m negations74 ,! fir/ reflects its pl5itude ^u ?+s1--x transfigures1 x embelli%es1 x rationalises ! _w1--! latt] impov]i%es1 blea*es1 m>s ! value ( ?+s2 x suppresses ! _w4 ,_w is a ,*ri/ian t]m ( abuse4 ,^! anti!tical =ms 9 ! optics ( values1 are bo? necess>y3 !y are diff]5t po9ts ( view :i* _c be circumv5t$ ei!r ) argum5ts or c\nt]-argum5ts4 ,"o _c refute ,*ri/ianity3 x is impossible to refute a diseas$ eyesight4 ,t p %\ld h combat$ pessimism z if x _h be5 a philosophy1 0 ! v acme ( le>n$ /upidity4 ,! concepts true & untrue d n seem to me to h any s5se 9 optics4--,t1 alone1 :i* has to be gu>d$ aga9/ is ! falsity1 ! in/9ctive duplicity :i* w\ld fa9 reg>d ?is anti!sis z no anti!sis at all3 j z ,wagn] did1--& 8 ma/]y 9 ?is k9d ( fals5ess 0 ( no mean ord]4 ,to ca/ side-long glances at ma/]-morality1 at noble morality 7--,icel&ic saga is p]haps ! greate/ docum5t>y evid5ce ( ^! values71 & at ! same "t to h ! opposite tea*+1 ! gospel ( ! l[ly1 ! doctr9e ( ! ne$ ( salvation1 on "o's lips6444 ,incid5tally1 ,i admire ! mode/y ( ,*ri/ians :o g to ,bayreu?4 ,z = myself1 ,i c\ld n endure to he> ! s\nd ( c]ta9 words on ,wagn]'s lips4 ,!re are "s concepts :i* are too good = ,bayreu?4444 ,:at8 ,*ri/ianity adju/$ = female ,wagn]ites1 p]haps by female ,wagn]ites--=1 9 8 latt] days ,wagn] 0 ?or\ghly fem99i g5]is--8 ,aga9 ,i say1 ! ,*ri/ians ( to-day are too mode/ = me1444 ,if ,wagn] 7 a ,*ri/ian1 !n ,liszt 0 p]haps a ,fa!r ( ! ,*ur*6--,! ne$ ( salvation1 ! qu9tess5ce ( all ,*ri/ian ne$s1 has no?+ 9 common ) su* cl[ns3 x is ! mo/ /raight=w>d expression ( decad5ce1 x is ! mo/ conv9c+ & mo/ pa9ful affirmation ( decad5ce1 9 sublime symbols & practices4 ,! ,*ri/ian wi%es to be rid ( himself4 ,le mot e/ t\j\rs hassable4 ,noble morality1 ma/]-morality1 on ! o!r h&1 is root$ 9 a triumphant say+ ( yea to "o's self1--x is ! self-affirmation & self-glorification ( life2 x also requires sublime symbols & practices2 b only because its he>t is too full4 ,! :ole ( beautiful art & ( great art belongs "h3 _! common ess5ce is gratitude4 ,b we mu/ all[ x a c]ta9 in/9ctive repugnance to dcad5ts1 & a scorn & horror ( ! latt]'s symbolism3 su* ?+s almo/ prove x4 ,! noble ,romans consid]$ ,*ri/ianity z a fda sup]/itio3 let me call to y\r m9ds ! feel+s :i* ! la/ ,g]man ( noble ta/e--,goe!--_h 9 reg>d to ! cross4 ,x is idle to look = m valuable1 m necess>y contra/s4444#h ,b ! k9d ( falsity :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,bayreu?ians is n exceptional to-day4 ,we all "k ! hybrid concept ( ! ,*ri/ian g5tleman4 ,?is innoc5ce 9 contradiction1 ?is clean consci5ce 9 falsehood1 is r mod]n p> excell5ce1 ) x mod]nity is almo/ def9$4 ,biologically1 mod]n man repres5ts a contradiction ( values1 he sits betwe5 two /ools1 he says yea & nay 9 "o brea?4 ,no wond] t x is precisely 9 our age t fals5ess itself became fle% & blood1 & ev5 g5ius6 ,no wond] ,wagn] dwelt among/ u6 ,x 0 n )\t reason t ,i call$ ,wagn] ! ,caglio/ro ( mod]nity4444 ,b all ( u1 ?\gh we d n "k x1 involunt>ily h values1 words1 =mul1 & morals 9 our bodies1 :i* are q antagoni/ic 9 _! orig9--reg>d$ f a physiological /&po9t1 we are false4444 ,h[ w\ld a diagnosis ( ! mod]n s\l beg98 ,) a det]m9$ incision into ?is agglom]ation ( contradictory in/9cts1 ) ! total suppression ( its antagoni/ic values1 ) vivisection appli$ to its mo/ in/ructive case4 ,to philosoph]s ! ,case ( ,wagn] is a w9dfall--?is essay1 z y obs]ve1 0 inspir$ by gratitude4 ,footnote #a3 ,s5ta is ! h]o9e 9 ! ,fly+ ,dut*man1--,tr4 ,footnote #b3 ,a "* 9 ,tannhus]4--,tr4 ,footnote #c3 ,see ,! ,w to ,p[]1 vol4 ii1 au?oris$ ,engli% edition4--,tr4 ,footnote #d3 ,note4--,x 0 a real disa/] = /hetics :5 ! ^w drama got to be translat$ by action4 ,wagn] is n ! only culprit "h2 ! :ole _w does ! same2--ev5 ! philologi/s :o ought to "k bett]4 ,:at anci5t drama _h 9 view 0 gr& pa!tic sc5es1--x ev5 exclud$ action 7or plac$ x be=e ! piece or beh9d ! sc5es74 ,! ^w drama is ( ,doric orig91 & accord+ to ! usage ( ! ,dorian language x meant ev5t1 hi/ory1--bo? words 9 a hi]atic s5se4 ,! olde/ drama repres5t$ local leg5ds1 sacr$ hi/ory1 ^u :i* ! f\ndation ( ! cult re/$ 7--?us x 0 n action1 b fatality3 dran 9 ,doric has no?+ to d ) action74 ,footnote #e3 ,hegel & 8 s*ool wrote notori\sly obscure ,g]man4 --,tr4 ,footnote #f3 ,0 ,wagn] a ,g]man at all8 ,!re are reasons en\gh = putt+ ?is "q4 ,x is difficult to f9d a s+le ,g]man trait 9 8 "*4 ,great le>n] t he 01 he naturally imitat$ a great deal t 0 ,g]man--b t is all4 ,8 v s\l contradicts ev]y?+ :i* hi!rto has be5 reg>d$ z ,g]man2 n to m5tion ,g]man musicians6--,8 fa!r 0 an actor ( ! "n ( ,gey]4444 ,t :i* has be5 popul>is$ hi!rto z ,wagn]'s life is fable conv5ue if n some?+ worse4 ,i confess my d\bts on any po9t :i* is v\*$ = by ,wagn] alone4 ,he 0 n pr\d en\gh to be able to suff] ! tru? ab\t himself4 ,nobody _h less pride ?an he4 ,l ,victor ,hugo he rema9$ true to himself ev5 9 8 biography1--he rema9$ an actor4 ,footnote #g3 ,?is und\bt$ly ref]s to ,nietzs*e's only disciple & fri5d1 ,pet] ,ga/4--,tr4 ,footnote #h3 ,my ,g5ealogy ( ,morals conta9s ! be/ exposition ( ! anti!sis noble morality & ,*ri/ian morality2 a m decisive turn+ po9t 9 ! hi/ory ( religi\s & moral sci5ce does n p]haps exi/4 ,?is book1 :i* is a t\*/one by :i* ,i c discov] :o are my pe]s1 rejoices 9 be+ accessible only to ! mo/ elevat$ & mo/ sev]e m9ds3 ! o!rs h n ! e>s to he> me4 ,"o mu/ h "o's passion 9 ?+s1 :]e9 no "o has passion n[adays4 ,,nietzs*e ,,contra ,,wagn] ,,! ,,brief ,,( ,a ,,psy*ologi/ ,by ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,preface ,! foll[+ *apt]s h be5 select$ f pa/ works ( m9e1 & n )\t c>e4 ,"s ( !m date back z f> z #ahgg4 ,"h & !re1 ( c\rse1 !y w be f\nd to h be5 made a little m intelligible1 b above all1 m brief4 ,read consecutively1 !y c leave no "o 9 any d\bt1 ei!r conc]n+ myself1 or conc]n+ ,wagn]3 we are antipodes4 ,! read] w come to o!r conclusions1 too1 9 8 p]usal ( ^! pages3 = in/ance1 t ?is is an essay = psy*ologi/s & n = ,g]mans4444 ,i h my read]s ev]y:]e1 9 ,vi5na1 ,/ ,pet]sburg1 ,cop5hag51 ,/ockholm1 ,p>is1 & ,new ,york--b #a h none 9 ,europe's ,flat-l&--,g]many4444 ,& ,i might ev5 h some?+ to say to ,italians :om ,i love j z mu* z ,i 444 ,qu\sque t&em1 ,crispi 444 ,triple alliance3 a p c only conclude a misalliance ) ! ,empire4 444 ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e4 ,,tur91 ,*ri/mas #ahhh4 ,,nietzs*e ,,contra ,,wagn] ,,:]e9 ,i ,,admire ,,wagn]4 ,i believe t arti/s v (t5 d n "k :at !y are be/ able to d4 ,!y are mu* too va94 ,_! m9ds are direct$ to some?+ pr\d] ?an m]ely to appe> l little plants1 :i*1 ) fre%ness1 r>5ess1 & beauty1 "k h[ to spr\t f _! soil ) real p]fection4 ,! ultimate goodness ( _! own g>d5 & v9ey>d is sup]cili\sly "u-e/imat$ by !m1 & _! love & _! insight are n ( ! same quality4 ,"h is a musician :o is a great] ma/] ?an anyone else 9 ! discov]+ ( tones1 peculi> to suff]+1 oppress$1 & torm5t$ s\ls1 :o c end[ ev5 dumb mis]y ) spee*4 ,nobody c approa* him 9 ! col\rs ( late autumn1 9 ! indescribably t\*+ joy ( a la/1 a v la/1 & all too %ort gladness2 he kn[s ( a *ord :i* expresses ^? secret & weird midnight h\rs ( ! s\l1 :5 cause & effect seem to h fall5 asund]1 & at e mom5t some?+ may spr+ out ( non5tity4 ,he is happie/ ( all :5 creat+ f out ! ne!rmo/ dep?s ( human happ9ess1 &1 s to speak1 f out man's empty bump]1 9 :i* ! bitt]e/ & mo/ repulsive drops h m+l$ ) ! sweete/ = good or evil at la/4 ,he kn[s t we>y %uffl+ along ( ! s\l :i* is no long] able ei!r to spr+ or to fly1 nay1 :i* is no long] able to walk2 he has ! mode/ glance ( conceal$ suff]+1 ( und]/&+ )\t com=t1 ( leave-tak+ )\t ^w or sign2 v]ily z ! ,orpheus ( all secret mis]y he is great] ?an anyone1 & _m a ?+ 0 introduc$ into art = ! fir/ "t by him1 :i* hi!rto _h n be5 giv5 expression1 _h n ev5 be5 ?\ght wor?y ( art--! cynical revolts1 = in/ance1 ( :i* only ! greate/ suff]] is capable1 also _m a small & q microscopical feature ( ! s\l1 z x 7 ! scales ( its amphibi\s nature--yes inde$1 he is ! ma/] ( ev]y?+ v small4 ,b ?is he refuses to be6 ,8 ta/es are mu* m 9 love ) va/ walls & ) d>+ frescoes6 444 ,he does n see t 8 _s has ano!r desire & b5t--a totally diff]5t outlook--t x pref]s to squat peacefully 9 ! corn]s ( brok5-d[n h\ses3 conceal$ 9 ?is way1 & hidd5 ev5 f himself1 he pa9ts 8 really great ma/]pieces1 all ( :i* are v %ort1 (t5 only "o b> 9 l5g?--!re1 only1 does he become q good1 great & p]fect1 p]haps !re alone4--,wagn] is "o :o has suff]$ mu*--& ?is elevates him above o!r musicians4--,i admire ,wagn] :]ev] he sets himself to music4-- ,,:]e9 ,i ,,raise ,,objections4 ,) all ?is ,i d n wi% to imply t ,i reg>d ?is music z heal?y1 & lea/ ( all 9 ^? places :]e x speaks ( ,wagn] himself4 ,my objections to ,wagn]'s music are physiological objections4 ,:y %\ld ,i !re=e beg9 by clo?+ !m 9 /hetic =mul8 /hetic is inde$ no?+ m ?an appli$ physiology4--,! fact ,i br+ =w>d1 my petit fait vrai is t ,i c no long] brea! ) ease :5 ?is music beg9s to h its effect ^u me2 t my foot imm$iately beg9s to feel indignant at x & rebels3 = :at x ne$s is "t1 dance1 m>*3 ev5 ! "y ,g]man ,kais] c\ld n m>* to ,wagn]'s ,imp]ial ,m>*1--:at my foot dem&s 9 ! fir/ place f music is t ec/asy :i* lies 9 good walk+1 /epp+ & danc+4 ,b d n my /oma*1 my he>t1 my circulation also prote/8 ,are n my inte/9es also tr\bl$8 ,& d ,i n become ho>se unaw>es8 444 9 ord] to li/5 to ,wagn] ,i require ,graudel's ,pa/illes4444 ,& !n ,i ask myself1 :at is x t my :ole body mu/ h f music 9 g5]al8 = !re is no su* ?+ z a s\l4444 ,i believe x mu/ h relief3 z if all animal functions 7 accel]at$ by means ( light1 bold1 unfett]$1 self-reliant rhy?ms2 z if braz5 & lead5 life c\ld lose its weight by means ( delicate & smoo? melodies4 ,my melan*oly w\ld fa9 re/ its head 9 ! haunts & abysses ( p]fection3 = ?is reason ,i ne$ music4 ,b ,wagn] makes "o ill--,:at d ,i c>e ab\t ! !atre8 ,:at d ,i c>e ab\t ! spasms ( its moral ec/asies 9 :i* ! mob--& :o is n ! mob to-day8--rejoices8 ,:at d ,i c>e ab\t ! :ole pantomimic hocus-pocus ( ! actor8 ,y are beg9n+ to see t ,i am ess5tially anti-!atrical at he>t4 ,= ! /age1 ?is mob art p> excell5ce1 my s\l has t deepe/ scorn felt by e arti/ to-day4 ,) a /age success a man s9ks to su* an ext5t 9 my e/eem z to drop out ( sight2 failure 9 ?is qu>t] makes me prick my e>s1 makes me beg9 to pay att5tion4 ,b ?is 0 n s ) ,wagn]2 next to ! ,wagn] :o creat$ ! mo/ unique music t has ev] exi/$ !re 0 ! ,wagn] :o 0 ess5tially a man ( ! /age1 an actor1 ! mo/ en?usia/ic mimomaniac t has p]haps exi/$ on e>?1 ev5 z a musician4 ,& let x be said en passant t if ,wagn]'s !ory 0 drama is ! object1 music is only a means--8 practice 0 f beg9n+ to end1 ! attitude is ! end1 drama & ev5 music c nev] be any?+ else ?an means4 ,music z ! mann] ( acc5tuat+1 ( /r5g!n+1 & deep5+ dramatic poses & all ?+s :i* please ! s5ses ( ! actor2 & ,wagn]ian drama only an opportunity = a ho/ ( int]e/+ attitudes6--,alongside ( all o!r in/9cts he _h ! dictatorial in/9ct ( a great actor 9 ev]y?+3 &1 z ,i h already said1 z a musician also4--,on "o occasion1 & n )\t tr\ble1 ,i made ?is cle> to a ,wagn]ite pur sang1--cle>ness & a ,wagn]ite6 ,i won't say ano!r ^w4 ,!re 7 reasons = add+2 ,= heav5's sake1 be a little m true unto y\rself6 ,we are n 9 ,bayreu? n[4 ,9 ,bayreu? p are only upright 9 ! mass2 ! individual lies1 he ev5 lies to himself4 ,"o leaves oneself at home :5 "o goes to ,bayreu?1 "o gives up all "r to "o's own tongue & *oice1 to "o's own ta/e & ev5 to "o's own c\rage1 "o kn[s ^! ?+s no long] z "o is wont to h !m & practise !m be=e ,god & ! _w & betwe5 "o's own f\r walls4 ,9 ! !atre no "o br+s ! f9e/ s5ses ( 8 art ) him1 & lea/ ( all ! arti/ :o works = ! !atre1--= "h lonel9ess is lack+2 ev]y?+ p]fect does n suff] a witness4444 ,9 ! !atre "o becomes mob1 h]d1 woman1 ,ph>isee1 elect+ cattle1 patron1 idiot--,wagn]ite3 !re1 ! mo/ p]sonal consci5ce is b\nd to submit to ! levell+ *>m ( ! great multitude1 !re ! neighb\r rules1 !re "o becomes a neighb\r4 ,,wagn] ,,z ,a ,,dang]4 #a4 ,! aim aft] :i* m mod]n music is /riv+1 :i* is n[ giv5 ! /rong b obscure "n ( un5d+ melody1 c be cle>ly und]/ood by comp>+ x to "o's feel+s on ent]+ ! sea4 ,gradually "o loses "o's foot+ & "o ultimately ab&ons oneself to ! m]cy or fury ( ! elem5ts3 "o has to swim4 ,9 ! solemn1 or fi]y1 sw++ movem5t1 fir/ sl[ & !n quick1 ( old music--"o _h to d some?+ q diff]5t2 "o _h to dance4 ,! measure :i* 0 requir$ = ?is & ! control ( c]ta9 balanc$ degrees ( "t & en]gy1 =c$ ! s\l ( ! li/5] to cont9ual sobriety ( ?\ght4--,^u ! c\nt]play ( ! cool] curr5ts ( air :i* came f ?is sobriety1 & f ! w>m] brea? ( en?usiasm1 ! *>m ( all good music re/$--,ri*>d ,wagn] want$ ano!r k9d ( movem5t1--he ov]?rew ! physiological fir/ pr9ciple ( all music be=e 8 "t4 ,x 0 no long] a matt] ( walk+ or danc+1--we mu/ swim1 we mu/ hov]4444 ,?is p]haps decides ! :ole matt]4 ,un5d+ melody really wants to break all ! symmetry ( "t & /r5g?2 x actually scorns ^! ?+s--,its weal? ( inv5tion resides precisely 9 :at to an old] e> s\nds l rhy?mic p>adox & abuse4 ,f ! imitation or ! preval5ce ( su* a ta/e !re w\ld arise a dang] = music--s great t we c imag9e none great]--! complete deg5]ation ( ! feel+ = rhy?m1 *aos 9 ! place ( rhy?m4444 ,! dang] rea*es its climax :5 su* music cleaves ev] m closely to naturali/ic play-act+ & pantomime1 :i* gov]n$ by no laws ( =m1 aim at effect & no?+ m4444 ,expressiv5ess at all co/s & music a s]vant1 a slave to attitudes--?is is ! end4444 #b4 ,:at8 w\ld x really be ! fir/ virtue ( a p]=mance 7z p]=m+ musical arti/s n[ seem to believe71 "u all circum/ances to atta9 to a haut-relief :i* _c be surpass$8 ,if ?is 7 appli$ to ,moz>t1 = in/ance1 w\ld x n be a real s9 aga9/ ,moz>t's _s1--,moz>t's *e]ful1 en?usia/ic1 delightful & lov+ _s8 ,he :o =tunately 0 no ,g]man1 & ^: s]i\sness is a *>m+ & gold5 s]i\sness & n by any means t ( a ,g]man clodhopp]4444 ,n to speak ( ! e>ne/ness ( ! m>ble /atue4 444 ,b y seem to ?9k t all music is ! music ( ! m>ble /atue8 --t all music %\ld1 s to speak1 spr+ out ( ! wall & %ake ! li/5] to 8 v b[els8 444 ,only ?us c\ld music h any effect6 ,b on :om w\ld ! effect be made8 ,^u some?+ on :i* a noble arti/ ought nev] to deign to act1--^u ! mob1 ^u ! immature6 ^u ! bla/s6 ^u ! diseas$6 ^u idiots6 ^u ,wagn]ites6444 ,a ,,music ,,)\t ,a ,,future4 ,( all ! arts :i* succe$ 9 gr[+ on ! soil ( a p>ticul> culture1 music is ! la/ plant to appe>2 maybe because x is ! "o mo/ dep5d5t ^u our inn]mo/ feel+s1 & !re=e ! la/ to come to ! surface--at a "t :5 ! culture to :i* x belongs is 9 its autumn season & beg9n+ to fade4 ,x 0 only 9 ! art ( ! ,dut* ma/]s t ! _s ( m$ival ,*ri/ianity f\nd its expression--1 its ar*itecture ( s\nd is ! y\nge/1 b g5u9e & legitimate1 si/] ( ! ,go?ic4 ,x 0 only 9 ,h&el's music t ! be/ 9 ,lu!r & 9 ^? l him f\nd its voice1 ! ,judeo-h]oic trait :i* gave ! ,re=mation a t\* ( greatness--! ,old ,te/am5t1 n ! ,new1 become music4 ,x 0 left to ,moz>t1 to p\r out ! epo* ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 & ( ! art ( ,rac9e & ,claude ,lorra91 9 r++ gold2 only 9 ,bee?ov5's & ,ross9i's music did ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury s+ itself out--! c5tury ( en?usiasm1 brok5 ideals1 & fleet+ joy4 ,all real & orig9al music is a swan song4--,ev5 our la/ =m ( music1 despite its preval5ce & its w to prevail1 has p]haps only a %ort "t to live3 = x spr\t$ f a soil :i* 0 9 ! ?roes ( a rapid subsid5ce1--( a culture :i* w soon be subm]g$4 ,a c]ta9 ,ca?olicism ( feel+1 & a pr$ilection = "s anci5t indig5\s 7s-call$ national7 ideals & ecc5tricities1 0 its fir/ condition4 ,wagn]'s appropriation ( old sagas & songs1 9 :i* s*ol>ly prejudice taught u to see some?+ ,g]man p> excell5ce--n[ we laugh at x all1 ! resurrection ( ^! ,sc&9avian mon/]s ) a ?ir/ = ec/atic s5suality & spiritualisation--! :ole ( ?is tak+ & giv+ on ,wagn]'s "p1 9 ! matt] ( subjects1 *>act]s1 passions1 & n]ves1 w\ld also give unmi/akable expression to ! _s ( 8 music provid$ t ?is music1 l any o!r1 did n "k h[ to speak ab\t itself save ambigu\sly3 = musica is a woman4444 ,we mu/ n let ourselves be misl$ conc]n+ ?is /ate ( ?+s1 by ! fact t at ?is v mom5t we are liv+ 9 a reaction1 9 ! he>t itself ( a reaction4 ,! age ( int]national w>s1 ( ultramontane m>tyrdom1 9 fact1 ! :ole int]lude-"* :i* typifies ! pres5t condition ( ,europe1 may inde$ help an art l ,wagn]'s to sudd5 glory1 )\t1 h[ev]1 9 ! lea/ ensur+ its future prosp]ity4 ,! ,g]mans !mselves h no future4444 ,,we ,,antipodes4 ,p]haps a few p1 or at lea/ my fri5ds1 w rememb] t ,i made my fir/ plunge into life arm$ ) "s errors & "s exagg]ations1 b t1 9 any case1 ,i began ) hope 9 my he>t4 ,9 ! philosophical pessimism ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ,i recognis$--:o kn[s by :at by-pa?s ( p]sonal exp]i5ce--! symptom ( a high] p[] ( ?\ght1 a m triumphant pl5itude ( life1 ?an _h manife/$ itself hi!rto 9 ! philosophies ( ,hume1 ,kant & ,hegel6--,i reg>d$ tragic k z ! mo/ beautiful luxury ( our culture1 z its mo/ preci\s1 mo/ noble1 mo/ dang]\s k9d ( prodigality2 b1 nev]!less1 9 view ( its ov]fl[+ weal?1 z a ju/ifiable luxury4 ,9 ! same way1 ,i began by int]pret+ ,wagn]'s music z ! expression ( a ,dionysian p[]fulness ( s\l4 ,9 x ,i ?\ght ,i he>d ! e>?quake by means ( :i* a primeval life-=ce1 :i* _h be5 con/ra9$ = ages1 0 seek+ at la/ to bur/ its bonds1 q indiff]5t to h[ mu* ( t :i* n[adays calls itself culture1 w\ld !reby be %ak5 to ru9s4 ,y see h[ ,i mis9t]pret$1 y see also1 :at ,i be/[$ ^u ,wagn] & ,s*op5hau]--myself4444 ,e art & e philosophy may be reg>d$ ei!r z a cure or z a /imulant to asc5d+ or decl9+ life3 !y always presuppose suff]+ & suff]]s4 ,b !re are two k9ds ( suff]]s3--^? t suff] f ov]fl[+ vitality1 :o ne$ ,dionysian art & require a tragic insight into1 & a tragic outlook ^u1 ! ph5om5on life1--& !re are ^? :o suff] f r$uc$ vitality1 & :o crave = repose1 quietness1 calm seas1 or else ! intoxication1 ! spasm1 ! bewild]m5t :i* art & philosophy provide4 ,rev5ge ^u life itself--?is is ! mo/ voluptu\s =m ( intoxication = su* indig5t s\ls6444 ,n[ ,wagn] responds q z well z ,s*op5hau] to ! tw(old crav+s ( ^! p1--!y bo? d5y life1 !y bo? sl&] x b precisely on ?is acc\nt !y are my antipodes4--,! ri*e/ creature1 brimm+ ov] ) vitality1--! ,dionysian ,god & man1 may n only all[ himself to gaze ^u ! horrible & ! que/ionable2 b he c also l5d 8 h& to ! t]rible de$1 & c indulge 9 all ! luxury ( de/ruction1 disaggregation1 & negation1--9 him evil1 purposelessness & ugl9ess1 seem j z all[able z !y are 9 nature--because ( 8 bur/+ pl5itude ( creative & rejuv5at+ p[]s1 :i* are able to conv]t e des]t into a luxuri\s l& ( pl5ty4 ,conv]sely1 x is ! greate/ suff]] & paup] 9 vitality1 :o is mo/ 9 ne$ ( mildness1 peace & goodness--t :i* to-day is call$ human5ess--9 ?\ght z well z 9 action1 & possibly ( a ,god ^: speciality is to be a ,god ( ! sick1 a ,savi\r1 & also ( logic or ! ab/ract intelligibility ( exi/5ce ev5 = idiots 7--! typical free-spirits1 l ! ideali/s1 & beautiful s\ls1 are dcad5ts--72 9 %ort1 ( a w>m1 dang]-tight1 & n>r[ conf9em5t1 betwe5 optimi/ic horizons :i* w\ld all[ ( /ultification4444 ,& ?us v gradually1 ,i began to und]/& ,epicurus1 ! opposite ( a ,dionysian ,greek2 & also ! ,*ri/ian :o 9 fact is only a k9d ( ,epicurean1 & :o1 ) 8 belief t fai? saves1 c>ries ! pr9ciple ( ,h$onism z f> z possible--f> beyond all intellectual hone/y4444 ,if ,i am ahead ( all o!r psy*ologi/s 9 any?+1 x is 9 ?is fact t my eyes are m ke5 = trac+ ^? mo/ difficult & mo/ capti\s ( all d$uctions1 9 :i* ! l>ge/ numb] ( mi/akes h be5 made1--! d$uction :i* makes "o inf] some?+ conc]n+ ! au?or f 8 "w1 some?+ conc]n+ ! do] f 8 de$1 some?+ conc]n+ ! ideali/ f ! ne$ :i* produc$ ?is ideal1 & some?+ conc]n+ ! imp]i\s crav+ :i* /&s at ! back ( all ?9k+ & valu+4--,9 reg>d to all arti/s ( :at k9d soev]1 ,i %all n[ avail myself ( ?is radical di/9ction3 does ! creative p[] 9 ?is case arise f a loa?+ ( life1 or f an excessive pl5itude ( life8 ,9 ,goe!1 = in/ance1 an ov]fl[ ( vitality 0 creative1 9 ,flaub]t--hate3 ,flaub]t1 a new edition ( ,pascal1 b z an arti/ ) ?is in/9ctive belief at he>t3 ,flaub]t e/ t\j\rs hassable1 l'homme n'e/ ri51 l'uvre e/ t\t4444 ,he tortur$ himself :5 he wrote1 j z ,pascal tortur$ himself :5 he ?\ght--! feel+s ( bo? 7 incl9$ to be non-egoi/ic4 444 ,dis9t]e/$ness--! pr9ciple ( decad5ce1 ! w to non5tity 9 art z well z 9 morality4 ,,:]e ,,wagn] ,,is ,,at ,,home4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t day1 ,france is /ill ! refuge ( ! mo/ intellectual & ref9$ culture 9 ,europe1 x rema9s ! high s*ool ( ta/e3 b "o mu/ "k :]e to f9d ?is ,france ( ta/e4 ,! ,nor?-,g]man ,gazette1 = in/ance1 or :o-ev] expresses 8 s5tim5ts 9 t pap]1 ?9ks t ! ,fr5* are b>b>ians1--z = me1 if ,i _h to f9d ! blacke/ spot on e>?1 :]e slaves /ill requir$ to be lib]at$1 ,i %\ld turn 9 ! direction ( ,nor!rn ,g]many4444 ,b ^? :o =m "p ( t select ,france take v good c>e to conceal !mselves3 !y are a small body ( m51 & !re may be "s among !m :o d n /& on v firm legs--a few may be fatali/s1 hypo*ondriacs1 invalids2 o!rs may be en]vat$1 & artificial1--su* are ^? :o w\ld fa9 be arti/ic1--b all ! l(t9ess & delicacy :i* /ill rema9s to ?is _w1 is 9 _! possession4 ,9 ?is ,france ( intellect1 :i* is also ! ,france ( pessimism1 ,s*op5hau] is already mu* m at home ?an he ev] 0 9 ,g]many2 8 pr9cipal "w has already be5 translat$ twice1 & ! second "t s excell5tly t n[ ,i pref] to read ,s*op5hau] 9 ,fr5* 7--he 0 an accid5t among ,g]mans1 j z ,i am--! ,g]mans h no f+]s :]e) to grasp u2 !y hav5't any f+]s at all1--b only claws74 ,& ,i d n m5tion ,he9e--l'adorable ,he9e1 z !y say 9 ,p>is--:o long s9ce has pass$ into ! fle% & blood ( ! m pr(\nd & m s\lful ( ,fr5* lyrici/s4 ,h[ c\ld ! horn$ cattle ( ,g]many "k h[ to deal ) ! dlicatesses ( su* a nature6--,& z to ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 x is obvi\s1 x is ev5 gl>+ly obvi\s1 t ,p>is is ! v soil = him3 ! m ,fr5* music adapts itself to ! ne$s ( l'me mod]ne1 ! m ,wagn]ian x w become1--x is f> en\gh advanc$ 9 ?is direction already4--,9 ?is respect "o %\ld n all[ "o's self to be misl$ by ,wagn] himself--x 0 simply dis-graceful on ,wagn]'s "p to sc(f at ,p>is1 z he did1 9 its agony 9 #ahga4444 ,9 spite ( x all1 9 ,g]many ,wagn] is only a misappreh5sion3 :o c\ld be m incapable ( und]/&+ any?+ ab\t ,wagn] ?an ! ,kais]1 = in/ance8--,to ev]ybody famili> ) ! movem5t ( ,european culture1 ?is fact1 h[ev]1 is c]ta91 t ,fr5* romanticism & ,ri*>d ,wagn] are mo/ intimately relat$4 ,all dom9at$ by lit]ature1 up to _! v eyes & e>s--! fir/ ,european arti/s ) a univ]sal lit]>y culture1--mo/ ( !m writ]s1 poets1 m$iators & m+l]s ( ! s5ses & ! arts1 all fanatics 9 expression1 great discov]]s 9 ! realm ( ! sublime z also ( ! ugly & ! gruesome1 & /ill great] discov]]s 9 passion1 9 work+ = effect1 9 ! art ( dress+ _! w9d[s1--all possess+ tal5t f> above _! g5ius1--virtuosos to _! backbone1 kn[+ ( secret passages to all t s$uces1 lures1 con/ra9s or ov]?r[s2 born enemies ( logic & ( /raight l9es1 ?ir/+ aft] ! exotic1 ! /range & ! mon/r\s1 & all opiates = ! s5ses & ! und]/&+4 ,on ! :ole1 a d>+ d>e-devil1 magnific5tly viol5t1 so>+ & high-spr++ crew ( arti/s1 :o fir/ _h to tea* _! own c5tury---x is ! c5tury ( ! mob--:at ! concept arti/ meant4 ,b !y 7 ill4444 ,,wagn] ,,z ,,! ,,apo/le ,,( ,,*a/ity4 #a4 ,is ?is ! ,g]man way8 ,comes ?is l[ bleat+ =? f ,g]man he>ts8 ,%\ld ,teutons1 s9 rep5t+1 la% !mselves1 ,or spread _! palms ) prie/ly unctu\sness1 ,exalt _! feel+s ) ! c5s]'s fumes1 ,& c[] & quake & b5d ! trembl+ knee1 ,& ) a sickly sweetness plead a pray]8 ,!n ogle nuns1 & r+ ! ,ave-bell1 ,& ?us ) morbid f]v\r out-d heav58 ,is ?is ! ,g]man way8 ,bew>e1 yet are y free1 yet y\r own ,lords4 ,:at yond] lures is ,rome1 ,rome's fai? sung )\t words4 #b4 ,!re is no necess>y contra/ betwe5 s5suality & *a/ity2 e good m>riage1 e g5u9e love affair is above ?is contra/2 b 9 ^? cases :]e ! contra/ exi/s1 x is v f> f be+ necess>ily a tragic "o4 ,?is1 at lea/1 ought to hold good ( all well-con/itut$ & good-spirit$ mortals1 :o are n 9 ! lea/ incl9$ to reckon _! un/able equilibrium betwe5 angel & petite bte1 )\t fur!r ado1 among ! objections to exi/5ce1 ! m ref9$ & m intellig5t l ,hafis & ,goe!1 ev5 reg>d$ x z an additional attraction4 ,x is precisely contradictions ( ?is k9d :i* lure u to life4444 ,on ! o!r h&1 x mu/ be obvi\s1 t :5 ,circe's un=tunate animals are induc$ to wor%ip *a/ity1 all !y see & wor%ip !re91 is _! opposite--oh6 & ) :at tragic groan+ & f]v\r1 may well be imag9$--t same pa9ful & ?or\ghly sup]flu\s opposition :i*1 t[>ds ! end ( 8 life1 ,ri*>d ,wagn] und\bt$ly wi%$ to set to music & to put on ! /age1 ,& to :at purpose8 we may reasonably ask4 #c4 ,& yet ?is o!r "q c c]ta9ly n be circumv5t$3 :at bus9ess _h he actually ) t manly 7alas6 s unmanly7 bucolic simplicity1 t poor devil & son ( nature--,p>sifal1 :om he ultimately makes a ca?olic by su* insidi\s means--:at8--0 ,wagn] 9 e>ne/ ) ,p>sifal8 ,=1 t he 0 laugh$ at1 ,i _c d5y1 any m ?an ,gottfri$ ,kell] c4444 ,we %\ld l to believe t ,p>sifal 0 meant z a piece ( idle gaiety1 z ! clos+ act & satyric drama1 ) :i* ,wagn] ! trag$ian wi%$ to take leave ( u1 ( himself1 & above all ( trag$y1 9 a way :i* befitt$ him & 8 dignity1 t is to say1 ) an extravagant1 l(ty & mo/ malici\s p>ody ( trag$y itself1 ( all ! pa/ & t]rible e>ne/ness & sorr[ ( ?is _w1 ( ! mo/ ridicul\s =m ( ! unnaturalness ( ! ascetic ideal1 at la/ ov]come4 ,= ,p>sifal is ! subject p> excell5ce = a comic op]a4444 ,is ,wagn]'s ,p>sifal 8 secret laugh ( sup]iority at himself1 ! triumph ( 8 la/ & mo/ exalt$ /ate ( arti/ic fre$om1 ( arti/ic transc5d5ce--is x ,wagn] able to laugh at himself8 ,once aga9 we only wi% x 7 s2 = :at c\ld ,p>sifal be if he 7 meant s]i\sly8 ,is x necess>y 9 8 case to say 7z ,i h he>d p say7 t ,p>sifal is ! product ( ! mad hatr$ ( k1 intellect1 & s5suality8 a curse ^u ! s5ses & ! m9d 9 "o brea? & 9 "o fit ( hatr$8 an act ( apo/asy & a return to ,*ri/ianly sick & obscuranti/ ideals8 ,& f9ally ev5 a d5ial ( self1 a deletion ( self1 on ! "p ( an arti/ :o !ret(ore _h work$ ) all ! p[] ( 8 w 9 fav\r ( ! opposite cause1 ! spiritualisation & s5sualisation ( 8 art8 ,& n only ( 8 art1 b also ( 8 life8 ,let u rememb] h[ en?usia/ically ,wagn] at "o "t walk$ 9 ! foot/eps ( ! philosoph] ,feu]ba*4 ,feu]ba*'s words heal?y s5suality /ruck ,wagn] 9 ! ?irties & =ties v mu* z !y /ruck _m o!r ,g]mans--!y call$ !mselves ! "y ,g]mans--t is to say1 z words ( salvation4 ,did he ultimately *ange 8 m9d on ?is po9t8 ,x w\ld seem t he _h at lea/ _h ! desire ( *ang+ 8 doctr9e t[>ds ! end4444 ,_h ! hatr$ ( life become dom9ant 9 him z 9 ,flaub]t8 ,= ,p>sifal is a "w ( ranc\r1 ( rev5ge1 ( ! mo/ secret concoction ( poisons ) :i* to make an end ( ! fir/ conditions ( life2 x is a bad "w4 ,! prea*+ ( *a/ity rema9s an incitem5t to unnaturalness3 ,i despise anybody :o does n reg>d ,p>sifal z an outrage ^u morality4-- ,,h[ ,i ,,got ,,rid ,,( ,,wagn]4 #a4 ,already 9 ! summ] ( #ahgf1 :5 ! fir/ fe/ival at ,bayreu? 0 at its height1 ,i took leave ( ,wagn] 9 my s\l4 ,i _c endure any?+ d\ble-fac$4 ,s9ce ,wagn] _h return$ to ,g]many1 he _h condesc5d$ /ep by /ep to ev]y?+ t ,i despise--ev5 to anti-,semitism4 444 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 !n high "t to bid him f>ewell3 b ! pro( ( ?is came only too soon4 ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 o/5sibly ! mo/ triumphant creature alive2 z a matt] ( fact1 ?\gh1 a cranky & desp]ate dcad5t1 sudd5ly fell helpless & brok5 on 8 knees be=e ! ,*ri/ian cross4444 ,0 !re no ,g]man at t "t :o _h ! eyes to see1 & ! sympa?y 9 8 s\l to feel1 ! gha/ly nature ( ?is spectacle8 ,0 ,i ! only "o :o suff]$ f x8--,en\gh1 ! unexpect$ ev5t1 l a fla% ( lightn+1 made me see only too cle>ly :at k9d ( a place x 0 t ,i _h j left1--& x also made me %udd] z a man %udd]s :o unaw>es has j escap$ a great dang]4 ,z ,i cont9u$ my j\rney alone1 ,i trembl$4 ,n long aft] ?is ,i 0 ill1 m ?an ill--,i 0 tir$2--tir$ ( ! cont9ual disappo9tm5ts ov] ev]y?+ :i* rema9$ = u mod]n m5 to be en?usia/ic ab\t1 ( ! en]gy1 indu/ry1 hope1 y\?1 & love t are squ&]$ ev]y:]e2 tir$ out ( loa?+ = ! :ole _w ( ideali/ic ly+ & consci5ce-s(t5+1 :i*1 once aga91 9 ! case ( ,wagn]1 _h scor$ a victory ov] a man :o 0 ( ! brave/2 & la/ b n lea/1 tir$ by ! sadness ( a ru?less suspicion--t ,i 0 n[ condemn$ to be ev] m & m suspici\s1 ev] m & m contemptu\s1 ev] m & m deeply alone ?an ,i _h be5 !ret(ore4 ,= ,i _h no "o save ,ri*>d ,wagn]4444 ,i 0 always condemn$ to ! society ( ,g]mans4444 #b4 ,h5ce=w>d alone & cruelly di/ru/ful ( myself1 ,i !n took up sides--n )\t ang]--aga9/ myself & = all t :i* hurt me & fell h>d ^u me3 & ?us ,i f\nd ! road to t c\rage\s pessimism :i* is ! opposite ( all ideali/ic falsehood1 & :i*1 z x seems to me1 is also ! road to me--to my mission4444 ,t hidd5 & dom9at+ ?+1 = :i* = long ages we h _h no "n1 until ultimately x comes =? z our mission1--?is tyrant 9 u wreaks a t]rible rev5ge ^u u = e attempt we make ei!r to evade him or to escape him1 = e "o ( our exp]im5ts 9 ! way ( befri5d+ p to :om we d n belong1 = e active occupation1 h[ev] e/imable1 :i* may make u div]ge f our pr9cipal object3--aye1 & ev5 = e virtue :i* w\ld fa9 protect u f ! rig\r ( our mo/ intimate s5se ( responsibility4 ,illness is always ! answ]1 :5ev] we v5ture to d\bt our "r to our mission1 :5ev] we beg9 to make ?+s too easy = ourselves4 ,curi\s & t]rible at ! same "t6 ,x is = our relaxation t we h to pay mo/ de>ly6 ,& %\ld we wi% aft] all to return to heal?1 we !n h no *oice3 we are compell$ to burd5 ourselves m heavily ?an we _h be5 burd5$ be=e4444 ,,! ,,psy*ologi/ ,,speaks4 #a4 ,! (t5] a psy*ologi/--a born1 an unavoidable psy*ologi/ & s\l-div9]--turns 8 att5tion to ! m select cases & individuals1 ! great] becomes 8 dang] ( be+ suffocat$ by sympa?y3 he ne$s great] h>dness & *e]fulness ?an any o!r man4 ,= ! corruption1 ! ru9ation ( high] m51 is 9 fact ! rule3 x is t]rible to h su* a rule always be=e our eyes4 ,! manifold torm5ts ( ! psy*ologi/ :o has discov]$ ?is ru9ation1 :o discov]s once1 & !n discov]s almo/ repeat$ly ?r\gh\t all hi/ory1 ?is univ]sal inn] hopelessness ( high] m51 ?is et]nal too late6 9 e s5se--may p]haps "o day be ! cause ( 8 go+ to ! dogs himself4 ,9 almo/ e psy*ologi/ we may see a tell-tale pr$ilection 9 fav\r ( int]c\rse ) commonplace & well-ord]$ m53 & ?is betrays h[ con/antly he requires heal+1 t he ne$s a sort ( flight & =getfulness1 away f :at 8 insight & incisiv5ess--f :at 8 bus9ess--has laid ^u 8 consci5ce4 ,a horror ( 8 memory is typical ( him4 ,he is easily sil5c$ by ! judgm5t ( o!rs2 he he>s ) unmov$ c\nt5ance h[ p hon\r1 admire1 love1 & glorify1 :]e he has op5$ 8 eyes & se5--or he ev5 conceals 8 sil5ce by expressly agree+ ) "s obvi\s op9ion4 ,p]haps ! p>adox ( 8 situation becomes s dreadful t1 precisely :]e he has le>nt great sympa?y1 toge!r ) great contempt1 ! educat$ h on _! "p le>nt great rev]5ce4 ,& :o kn[s b 9 all great in/ances1 j ?is alone happ5$3 t ! multitude wor%ipp$ a ,god1 & t ! ,god 0 only a poor sacrificial animal6 ,success has always be5 ! greate/ li>--& ! "w itself1 ! de$1 is a success too2 ! great /atesman1 ! conqu]or1 ! discov]]1 are disguis$ 9 _! creations until !y c no long] be recognis$2 ! "w ( ! arti/1 ( ! philosoph]1 only inv5ts him :o has creat$ x1 :o is reput$ to h creat$ x2 ! great m51 z !y are rev]5c$1 are poor little fictions compos$ aft]w>ds2 9 ! _w ( hi/orical values c\nt]feit co9age prevails4 #b4 ,^? great poets1 = example1 su* z ,byron1 ,musset1 ,poe1 ,leop>di1 ,klei/1 ,gogol 7,i d n d>e to m5tion mu* great] names1 b ,i imply !m71 z !y n[ appe>1 & 7 p]haps oblig$ to be3 m5 ( ! mom5t1 s5su\s1 absurd1 v]satile1 light-m9d$ & quick to tru/ & to di/ru/2 ) s\ls 9 :i* usually "s flaw has to be conceal$2 (t5 tak+ rev5ge ) _! works = an int]nal blemi%1 (t5 seek+ =getfulness 9 _! so>+ f a too accurate memory1 ideali/s out ( proximity to ! mud3--:at a torm5t ^! great arti/s are & ! s-call$ high] m5 9 g5]al1 to him :o has once f\nd !m out6 ,we are all special plead]s 9 ! cause ( m$iocrity4 ,x is conceivable t x is j f woman--:o is clair-voyant 9 ! _w ( suff]+1 &1 alas6 also un=tunately eag] to help & save to an ext5t f> beyond h] p[]s--t !y h le>nt s readily ^? outbreaks ( b\ndless sympa?y :i* ! multitude1 above all ! rev]5t multitude1 ov]:elms ) pry+ & self-gratify+ int]pretations4 ,?is sympa?is+ inv>iably deceives itself z to its p[]2 woman w\ld l to believe t love c d ev]y?+--x is ! sup]/ition peculi> to h]4 ,alas1 he :o kn[s ! he>t f9ds out h[ poor1 helpless1 pret5ti\s1 & blund]+ ev5 ! be/ & deepe/ love is--h[ mu* m readily x de/roys ?an saves4444 #c4 ,! intellectual loa?+ & haught9ess ( e man :o has suff]$ deeply--! ext5t to :i* a man c suff]1 almo/ det]m9es ! ord] ( rank--! *ill+ unc]ta9ty ) :i* he is ?or\ghly imbu$ & col\r$1 t by virtue ( 8 suff]+ he kn[s m ?an ! %rewde/ & wise/ c ev] "k1 t he has be5 famili> )1 & at home 9 _m di/ant t]rible worlds ( :i* y "k no?+6--?is sil5t intellectual haught9ess1 ?is pride ( ! elect ( k1 ( ! initiat$1 ( ! almo/ sacrific$1 f9ds all =ms ( disguise necess>y to protect itself f contact ) gu%+ & sympa?is+ h&s1 & 9 g5]al f all t is n its equal 9 suff]+4 ,pr(\nd suff]+ makes noble2 x sep>ates4--,"o ( ! mo/ ref9$ =ms ( disguise is ,epicurism1 along ) a c]ta9 o/5tati\s boldness ( ta/e :i* takes suff]+ lightly1 & puts itself on ! def5sive aga9/ all t is sorr[ful & pr(\nd4 ,!re are *e]ful m5 :o make use ( good spirits1 because !y are misund]/ood on acc\nt ( !m--!y wi% to be misund]/ood4 ,!re are sci5tific m9ds :o make use ( sci5ce1 because x gives a *e]ful appe>ance1 & because love ( sci5ce leads p to conclude t a p]son is %all[--!y wi% to mislead to a false conclusion4 ,!re are free insol5t spirits :i* w\ld fa9 conceal & d5y t !y are at bottom brok51 incurable he>ts--?is is ,hamlet's case3 & !n folly itself c be ! mask ( an un=tunate & alas6 all too dead-c]ta9 k4 ,,epilogue ,i h (t5 ask$ myself :e!r ,i am n mu* m deeply indebt$ to ! h>de/ ye>s ( my life ?an to any o!rs4 ,accord+ to ! voice ( my inn]mo/ nature1 ev]y?+ necess>y1 se5 f above & 9 ! light ( a sup]ior economy1 is also useful 9 itself--n only %\ld "o be> x1 "o %\ld love x4444 ,amor fati3 ?is is ! v core ( my be+4--,& z to my prolong$ illness1 d ,i n owe mu* m to x ?an ,i owe to my heal?8 ,to x ,i owe a high] k9d ( heal?1 a sort ( heal? :i* gr[s /rong] "u ev]y?+ t does n actually kill x6--,to x1 ,i owe ev5 my philosophy4444 ,only great suff]+ is ! ultimate emancipator ( _s2 = x tea*es "o t va/ suspici\sness :i* makes an ,x out ( e ,u1 a g5u9e & prop] ,x1 i4e41 ! antep5ultimate lett]3 ,only great suff]+2 t great suff]+1 "u :i* we seem to be ov] a fire ( gre5wood1 ! suff]+ t takes its "t--=ces u philosoph]s to desc5d into our ne!rmo/ dep?s1 & to let g ( all tru/fulness1 all good-nature1 all :ittl+-d[n1 all mildness1 all m$iocrity1--on :i* ?+s we _h =m]ly /ak$ our humanity4 ,i d\bt :e!r su* suff]+ improves a man2 b ,i "k t x makes him deep]4444 ,suppos+ we le>n to set our pride1 our scorn1 our /r5g? ( w aga9/ x1 & ?us resemble ! ,indian :o1 h[ev] cruelly he may be tortur$1 consid]s himself rev5g$ on 8 torm5tor by ! bitt]ness ( 8 own tongue4 ,suppos+ we )draw f pa9 into non5tity1 into ! deaf1 dumb1 & rigid sph]e ( self-surr5d]1 self-=getfulness1 self-effacem5t3 "o is ano!r p]son :5 "o leaves ^! protract$ & dang]\s ex]cises 9 ! art ( self-ma/]y2 "o has "o note ( int]rogation ! m1 & above all "o has ! w h5ce=w>d to ask m1 deep]1 /]n]1 h>d]1 m wick$1 & m sil5t que/ions1 ?an anyone has ev] ask$ on e>? be=e4444 ,tru/ 9 life has vani%$2 life itself has become a problem4 --,b let no "o ?9k t "o has !re=e become a _s ( gloom or a bl9d owl6 ,ev5 love ( life is /ill possible1--b x is a diff]5t k9d ( love4444 ,x is ! love = a woman :om we d\bt4444 #b4 ,! r>e/ ( all ?+s is ?is3 to h aft] all ano!r ta/e--a second ta/e4 ,out ( su* abysses1 out ( ! abyss ( great suspicion z well1 a man returns z ?\gh born aga91 he has a new sk91 he is m susceptible1 m full ( wick$ness2 he has a f9] ta/e = joyfulness2 he has a m s5sitive tongue = all good ?+s2 8 s5ses are m *e]ful2 he has acquir$ a second1 m dang]\s1 innoc5ce 9 gladness2 he is m *ildi% too1 & a hundr$ times m cunn+ ?an ev] he _h be5 be=e4 ,oh1 h[ mu* m repulsive pleasure n[ is to him1 t co>se1 heavy1 buff-col\r$ pleasure1 :i* is und]/ood by our pleasure-seek]s1 our cultur$ p1 our weal?y folk & our rul]s6 ,) h[ mu* m irony we n[ li/5 to ! hubbub z ( a c\ntry fair1 ) :i* ! cultur$ man & ! man ab\t t[n all[ !mselves to be =c$ ?r\gh art1 lit]ature1 music1 & ) ! help ( intoxicat+ liquor1 to intellectual enjoym5ts4 ,h[ ! /age-cry ( passion n[ /+s our e>s2 h[ /range to our ta/e ! :ole romantic riot & s5su\s bu/le1 :i* ! cultur$ mob are s fond (1 toge!r ) its aspirations to ! sublime1 to ! exalt$ & ! di/ort$1 h become4 ,no3 if we convalesc5ts require an art at all1 x is ano!r art-a mock+1 nimble1 volatile1 div9ely undi/urb$1 div9ely artificial art1 :i* blazes up l pure flame into a cl\dless sky6 ,b above all1 an art = arti/s1 only = arti/s6 ,we are1 aft] all1 m conv]sant ) t :i* is 9 ! highe/ degree necess>y--*e]fulness1 e k9d ( *e]fulness1 my fri5ds6444 ,we m5 ( k1 n[ "k some?+ only too well3 oh h[ well we h le>nt by ?is "t1 to =get1 n to "k1 z arti/s6444 ,z to our future3 we %all sc>cely be f\nd on ! track ( ^? ,egyptian y\?s :o break into temples at night1 :o embrace /atues1 & w\ld fa9 unveil1 /rip1 & set 9 broad daylight1 ev]y?+ :i* !re are excell5t reasons to keep conceal$4#a ,no1 we are disgu/$ ) ?is bad ta/e1 ?is w to tru?1 ?is se>* aft] tru? at all co/s3 ?is madness ( adolesc5ce1 ! love ( tru?2 we are n[ too exp]i5c$1 too s]i\s1 too joyful1 too scor*$1 too pr(\nd = t4444 ,we no long] believe t tru? rema9s tru? :5 x is unveil$1--we h liv$ en\gh to und]/& ?is4444 ,to-day x seems to u good =m n to /rip ev]y?+ nak$1 n to be pres5t at all ?+s1 n to desire to "k all4 ,t\t compr5dre c'e/ t\t mpris]4 444 ,is x true1 a little girl once ask$ h] "m1 t ! belov$ ,fa!r is ev]y:]e8--,i ?9k x q improp]1--a h9t to philosoph]s4444 ,! %ame ) :i* ,nature has conceal$ h]self beh9d riddles & enigmas %\ld be held 9 high] e/eem4 ,p]haps tru? is a woman :o has reasons = n reveal+ h] reasons8 444 ,p]haps h] "n1 to use a ,greek ^w is ,baubo8--,oh ^! ,greeks1 !y und]/ood1 ! art ( liv+6 ,= ?is x is ne$ful to halt bravely at ! surface1 at ! fold1 at ! sk91 to wor%ip appe>ance1 & to believe 9 =ms1 tones1 words1 & ! :ole ,olympus ( appe>ance6 ,^! ,greeks 7 sup]ficial--f pr(undity4 444 ,& are we n return+ to precisely ! same ?+1 we d>e-devils ( intellect :o h scal$ ! highe/ & mo/ dang]\s p9nacles ( pres5t ?\ght1 9 ord] to look ar\nd u f t height1 9 ord] to look d[n f t height8 ,are we n precisely 9 ?is respect--,greeks8 ,wor%ipp]s ( =m1 ( tones1 ( words8 ,precisely on t acc\nt--arti/s8 ,footnote #a3 ,an allusion to ,s*ill]'s poem3 ,das v]s*lei]te ,bild zu ,sais4--,tr4 ,,select$ ,,aphorisms ,,select$ ,,aphorisms ,,f ,,nietzs*e',s ,,retrospect ,,( ,,8 ,,ye>s ,,( ,,fri5d%ip ,,) ,,wagn]4 7,summ] #ahgh47 #a4 ,my blund] 0 ?is1 ,i travell$ to ,bayreu? ) an ideal 9 my brea/1 & 0 ?us doom$ to exp]i5ce ! bitt]e/ disappo9tm5t4 ,! prepond]ance ( ugl9ess1 grotesqu5ess & /rong pepp] ?or\ghly repell$ me4 #b4 ,i utt]ly disagree ) ^? :o 7 dissatisfi$ ) ! decorations1 ! sc5]y & ! me*anical contrivances at ,bayreu?4 ,f> too mu* indu/ry & +5uity 0 appli$ to ! task ( *a9+ ! imag9ation to matt]s :i* did n belie _! epic orig94 ,b z to ! naturalism ( ! attitudes1 ( ! s++1 comp>$ ) ! or*e/ra66 ,:at affect$1 artificial & deprav$ tones1 :at a di/ortion ( nature1 7 we made to he>6 #c4 ,we are witness+ ! dea? agony ( ! la/ ,art3 ,bayreu? has conv9c$ me ( ?is4 #d4 ,my picture ( ,wagn]1 completely surpass$ him2 ,i _h depict$ an ideal mon/]--"o1 h[ev]1 :i* is p]haps q capable ( k9dl+ ! en?usiasm ( arti/s4 ,! real ,wagn]1 ,bayreu? z x actually is1 0 only l a bad1 f9al pro(1 pull$ on inf]ior pap] f ! engrav+ :i* 0 my creation4 ,my long+ to see real m5 & _! motives1 receiv$ an extraord9>y impetus f ?is humiliat+ exp]i5ce4 #e4 ,?is1 to my sorr[1 is :at ,i realis$2 a good deal ev5 /ruck me ) sudd5 fe>4 ,at la/ ,i felt1 h[ev]1 t if only ,i c\ld be /rong en\gh to take sides aga9/ myself & :at ,i mo/ lov$ ,i w\ld f9d ! road to tru? & get solace & enc\ragem5t f x--& 9 ?is way ,i became fill$ ) a s5sation ( joy f> great] ?an t ^u :i* ,i 0 n[ volunt>ily turn+ my back4 #f4 ,i 0 9 love ) art1 passionately 9 love1 & 9 ! :ole ( exi/5ce saw no?+ else ?an art--& ?is at an age :51 reasonably en\gh1 q diff]5t passions usually possess ! s\l4 #g4 ,goe! said3 ,! ye>n+ _s )9 me1 :i* 9 e>li] ye>s ,i may p]haps h fo/]$ too e>ne/ly1 & :i* z ,i grew old] ,i tri$ my utmo/ to combat1 did n seem becom+ 9 ! man1 & ,i !re=e _h to /rive to atta9 to m complete fre$om4 ,conclusion8--,i h _h to d ! same4 #h4 ,he :o wakes u always w\nds u4 #i4 ,i d n possess ! tal5t ( be+ loyal1 & :at is /ill worse1 ,i h n ev5 ! vanity to try to appe> z if ,i did4 #aj4 ,he :o accompli%es any?+ t lies beyond ! vision & ! exp]i5ce ( 8 acqua9tances1--provokes envy & hatr$ mask$ z pity1--prejudice reg>ds ! "w z decad5ce1 disease1 s$uction4 ,long faces4 #aa4 ,i frankly confess t ,i _h hop$ t by means ( art ! ,g]mans w\ld become ?or\ghly disgu/$ ) decay+ ,*ri/ianity--,i reg>d$ ,g]man my?ology z a solv5t1 z a means ( accu/om+ p to poly!ism4 ,:at a fright ,i _h ov] ! ,ca?olic revival66 #ab4 ,x is possible nei!r to suff] suffici5tly acutely f life1 nor to be s lifeless & emotionally weak1 z to h ne$ ( ,wagn]'s art1 z to require x z a m$ium4 ,?is is ! pr9cipal reason ( "o's opposition to x1 & n bas] motives3 some?+ to :i* we are n driv5 by any p]sonal ne$1 & :i* we d n require1 we _c e/eem s highly4 #ac4 ,x is a "q ei!r ( no long] requir+ ,wagn]'s art1 or ( /ill requir+ x ,gigantic =ces lie conceal$ 9 x3 x drives "o beyond its own doma94 #ad4 ,goe! said3 ,are n ,byron's audacity1 sprightl9ess & gr&eur all creative8 ,we mu/ bew>e ( always look+ = ?is quality 9 t :i* is p]fectly pure & moral4 ,all greatness is creative ! mom5t we realise x4 ,?is %\ld be appli$ to ,wagn]'s art4 #ae4 ,we %all always h to cr$it ,wagn] ) ! fact t 9 ! second half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury he impress$ art ^u our memory z an important & magnific5t ?+4 ,true1 he did ?is 9 8 own fa%ion1 & ?is 0 n ! fa%ion ( upright & f>-see+ m54 #af4 ,wagn] v]sus ! cauti\s1 ! cold & ! cont5t$ ( ! _w--9 ?is lies 8 greatness --he is a /rang] to 8 age--he combats ! frivol\s & ! sup]-sm>t4--,b he also fights ! j1 ! mod]ate1 ^? :o delight 9 ! _w 7l ,goe!72 & ! mild1 ! p ( *>m1 ! sci5tific among m5--?is is ! rev]se ( ! m$al4 #ag4 ,our y\? 0 up 9 arms aga9/ ! sob]ness ( ! age4 ,x plung$ into ! cult ( excess1 ( passion1 ( ec/asy1 & ( ! blacke/ & mo/ au/]e conception ( ! _w4 #ah4 ,wagn] pursues "o =m ( madness1 ! age ano!r =m4 ,bo? c>ry on _! *ase at ! same spe$1 ea* is z bl9d & z unju/ z ! o!r4 #ai4 ,x is v difficult to trace ! c\rse ( ,wagn]'s inn] developm5t--no tru/ mu/ be plac$ 9 8 own description ( 8 s\l's exp]i5ces4 ,he writes p>ty-pamphlets = 8 foll[]s4 #bj4 ,x is extremely d\btful :e!r ,wagn] is able to be> witness ab\t himself4 #ba4 ,!re are m5 :o try 9 va9 to make a pr9ciple out ( !mselves4 ,?is 0 ! case ) ,wagn]4 #bb4 ,wagn]'s obscurity conc]n+ f9al aims2 8 non-antique fogg9ess4 #bc4 ,all ,wagn]'s ideas /raightway become manias2 he is tyrannis$ ov] by !m4 ,h[ c su* a man all[ himself to be tyrannis$ ov] 9 ?is way6 ,= in/ance by 8 hatr$ ( ,jews4 ,he kills 8 !mes l 8 ideas1 by means ( 8 viol5t love ( repeat+ !m4 ,! problem ( excessive l5g? & bread?2 he bores u ) 8 raptures4 #bd4 ,c'e/ la rage de v\loir p5s] et s5tir au del de sa =ce 7,d\dan74 ,! ,wagn]ites4 #be4 ,wagn] ^: ambition f> exce$s 8 natural gifts1 has tri$ an incalculable numb] ( times to a*ieve :at lay beyond 8 p[]s--b x almo/ makes "o %udd] to see "s "o assail ) su* p]si/5ce t :i* defies conque/--! fate ( 8 con/itution4 #bf4 ,he is always ?9k+ ( ! mo/ extreme expression1--9 e ^w4 ,b 9 ! end sup]latives beg9 to pall4 #bg4 ,!re is some?+ :i* is 9 ! highe/ degree suspici\s 9 ,wagn]1 & t is ,wagn]'s suspicion4 ,x is su* a /rong trait 9 him1 t on two occasions ,i d\bt$ :e!r he 7 a musician at all4 #bh4 ,! proposition3 9 ! face ( p]fection !re is no salvation save love1#a is ?or\ghly ,wagn]ian4 ,pr(\nd jeal\sy ( ev]y?+ great f :i* he c draw fre% ideas4 ,hatr$ ( all t :i* he _c approa*3 ! ,r5aissance1 ,fr5* & ,greek art 9 /yle4 ,footnote #a3 ,:at ,s*ill] said ( ,goe!4--,,tr4 #bi4 ,wagn] is jeal\s ( all p]iods t h %[n re/ra9t3 he despises beauty & grace1 & f9ds only 8 own virtues 9 ! ,g]mans1 & ev5 attributes all 8 fail+s to !m4 #cj4 ,wagn] has n ! p[] to unlock & lib]ate ! s\l ( ^? he frequ5ts3 ,wagn] is n sure ( himself1 b di/ru/ful & arrogant4 ,8 art has ?is effect ^u arti/s1 x is envi\s ( all rivals4 #ca4 ,plato's ,envy4 ,he w\ld fa9 monopolise ,socrates4 ,he saturates ! latt] ) himself1 pret5ds to adorn him 1 & tries to sep>ate all ,socrati/s f him 9 ord] himself to appe> z ! only true apo/le4 ,b 8 hi/orical pres5tation ( him is false1 ev5 to a p>l\s degree3 j z ,wagn]'s pres5tation ( ,bee?ov5 & ,%akespe>e is false4 #cb4 ,:5 a dramati/ speaks ab\t himself he plays a "p3 ?is is inevitable4 ,:5 ,wagn] speaks ab\t ,ba* & ,bee?ov5 he speaks l "o = :om he w\ld fa9 be tak54 ,b he impresses only ^? :o are already conv9c$1 = 8 dissimulation & 8 g5u9e nature are f> too viol5tly at v>iance4 #cc4 ,wagn] /ruggles aga9/ ! frivolity 9 8 nature1 :i* to him ! ignoble 7z oppos$ to ,goe!7 con/itut$ ! joy ( life4 #cd4 ,wagn] has ! m9d ( ! ord9>y man :o pref]s to trace ?+s to "o cause4 ,! ,jews d ! same3 "o aim1 !re=e "o ,savi\r4 ,9 ?is way he simplifies ,g]man & culture2 wrongly b /rongly4 #ce4 ,wagn] admitt$ all ?is to himself (t5 en\gh :5 9 private communion ) 8 s\l3 ,i only wi% he _h also admitt$ x publicly4 ,= :at con/itutes ! greatness ( a "* if x is n ?is1 t he :o possesses x is able to take sides ev5 aga9/ himself 9 fav\r ( tru?4 ,wagn]'s ,teutonism4 #cf4 ,t :i* is un-,g]man 9 ,wagn]4 ,he lacks ! ,g]man *>m & grace ( a ,bee?ov51 a ,moz>t1 a ,web]2 he also lacks ! fl[+1 *e]ful fire 7,allegro con brio7 ( ,bee?ov5 & ,web]4 ,he _c be free & easy )\t be+ grotesque4 ,he lacks mode/y1 indulges 9 big drums1 & always t5ds to sur*>ge 8 effect4 ,he is n ! good (ficial t ,ba* 04 ,nei!r has he t ,goe!an calm 9 reg>d to 8 rivals4 #cg4 ,wagn] always rea*es ! high-wat] m>k ( 8 vanity :5 he speaks ( ! ,g]man nature 7incid5tally x is also ! height ( 8 imprud5ce72 =1 if ,fr$]ick ! ,great's ju/ice1 ,goe!'s nobility & fre$om f envy1 ,bee?ov5's sublime resignation1 ,ba*'s delicately transfigur$ spiritual life1--if /eady "w p]=m$ )\t any ?\ght ( glory & success1 & )\t envy1 con/itute ! true ,g]man qualities1 w\ld x n seem z if ,wagn] almo/ wi%$ to prove he is no ,g]man8 #ch4 ,t]rible wildness1 abject sorr[1 empt9ess1 ! %udd] ( joy1 unexpect$ness1--9 %ort all ! qualities peculi> to ! ,semitic race6 ,i believe t ! ,jews approa* ,wagn]'s art ) m und]/&+ ?an ! ,aryans d4 #ci4 ,a passage conc]n+ ! ,jews1 tak5 f ,ta9e4--,z x happ5s1 ,i h misl$ ! read]1 ! passage does n conc]n ,wagn] at all4--,b c x be possible t ,wagn] is a ,jew8 ,9 t case we c\ld readily und]/& 8 dislike ( ,jews4#b ,footnote #b3 ,see note on page #cg4 #dj4 ,wagn]'s art is absolutely ! art ( ! age2 an /hetic age w\ld h reject$ x4 ,! m subtle p among/ u actually d reject x ev5 n[4 ,! co>sify+ ( ev]y?+ /hetic4--,comp>$ ) ,goe!'s ideal x is v f> beh9d4 ,! moral contra/ ( ^! self-indulg5t burn+ly loyal creatures ( ,wagn]1 acts l a spur1 l an irritant3 & ev5 ?is s5sation is turn$ to acc\nt 9 obta9+ an effect4 #da4 ,:at is x 9 our age t ,wagn]'s art expresses8 ,t brutality & mo/ delicate weakness :i* exi/ side by side1 t runn+ wild ( natural in/9cts1 & n]v\s hyp]-s5sitiv5ess1 t ?ir/ = emotion :i* arises f fatigue & ! love ( fatigue4--,all ?is is und]/ood by ! ,wagn]ites4 #db4 ,/upefaction or intoxication con/itute all ,wagn]ian art4 ,on ! o!r h& ,i c\ld m5tion in/ances 9 :i* ,wagn] /&s high]1 9 :i* real joy fl[s f him4 #dc4 ,! reason :y ! figures 9 ,wagn]'s art behave s madly1 is because he greatly fe>$ le/ p w\ld d\bt t !y 7 alive4 #dd4 ,wagn]'s art is an appeal to in>ti/ic p2 all means are welcom$ :i* help t[>ds obta9+ an effect4 ,x is calculat$ n to produce an arti/ic effect b an effect ^u ! n]ves 9 g5]al4 #de4 ,app>5tly 9 ,wagn] we h an art = ev]ybody1 because co>se & subtle means seem to be unit$ 9 x4 ,albeit its pre-requisite may be musico-/hetic education1 & p>ticul>ly ) moral indiff]5ce4 #df4 ,9 ,wagn] we f9d ! mo/ ambiti\s comb9ation ( all means ) ! view ( obta9+ ! /ronge/ effect3 :]eas g5u9e musicians quietly develop individual g5res4 #dg4 ,dramati/s are borr[]s--_! pr9cipal s\rce ( weal?--arti/ic ?\ghts drawn f ! epos4 ,wagn] borr[$ f classical music besides4 ,dramati/s are con/ructive g5iuses1 !y are n inv5tive & orig9al z ! epic poets are4 ,drama takes a l[] rank ?an ! epos3 x presupposes a co>s] & m democratic public4 #dh4 ,wagn] does n altoge!r tru/ music4 ,he weaves k9dr$ s5sations into x 9 ord] to l5d x ! "* ( greatness4 ,he measures himself on o!rs2 he fir/ ( all gives 8 li/5]s intoxicat+ dr9ks 9 ord] to lead !m into believ+ t x 0 ! music t intoxicat$ !m4 #di4 ,! same am\nt ( tal5t & indu/ry :i* makes ! classic1 :5 x appe>s "s "t too late1 also makes ! b>oque arti/ l ,wagn]4 #ej4 ,wagn]'s art is calculat$ to appeal to %ort-sight$ p--"o has to get mu* too close up to x 7,m9iature73 x also appeals to long-sight$ p1 b n to ^? ) normal sight4 ,contradictions 9 ! ,idea ( ,musical ,drama4 #ea4 ,j li/5 to ! second act ( ! ,gtt]dmm]ung1 )\t ! drama4 ,x is *aotic music1 z wild z a bad dream1 & x is z frightfully di/9ct z if x desir$ to make itself cle> ev5 to deaf p4 ,?is volubility ) no?+ to say is al>m+4 ,comp>$ ) x ! drama is a g5u9e relief4--,is ! fact t ?is music :5 he>d alone1 is1 z a :ole intol]able 7ap>t f a few int5tionally isolat$ p>ts7 9 its fav\r8 ,suffice x to say t ?is music )\t its accompany+ drama1 is a p]petual contradiction ( all ! highe/ laws ( /yle belong+ to old] music3 he :o ?or\ghly accu/oms himself to x1 loses all feel+ = ^! laws4 ,b has ! drama be5 improv$ ?anks to ?is addition8 ,a symbolic int]pretation has be5 affix$ to x1 a sort ( philological comm5t>y1 :i* sets fett]s ^u ! inn] & free und]/&+ ( ! imag9ation--x is tyrannical4 ,music is ! language ( ! comm5tator1 :o talks ! :ole ( ! "t & gives u no brea?+ space4 ,moreov] 8 is a difficult language :i* also requires to be expla9$4 ,he :o /ep by /ep has ma/]$1 fir/ ! libretto 7language671 !n conv]t$ x into action 9 8 m9d's eye1 !n s\ght out & und]/ood1 & became famili> ) ! musical symbolism !reto3 aye1 & has fall5 9 love ) all ?ree ?+s3 su* a man !n exp]i5ces a great joy4 ,b h[ exact+6 ,x is q impossible to d ?is save = a few %ort mom5ts1--su* t5fold att5tion on ! "p ( "o's eyes1 e>s1 und]/&+1 & feel+1 su* acute activity 9 appreh5d+ )\t any productive reaction1 is f> too exhau/+6--,only ! v fewe/ behave 9 ?is way3 h[ is x !n t s _m are affect$8 ,because mo/ p are only int]mitt+ly att5tive1 & are inatt5tive = sometimes :ole passages at a /ret*2 because !y be/[ _! undivid$ att5tion n[ ^u ! music1 lat] ^u ! drama1 & anon ^u ! sc5]y--t is to say !y take ! "w to pieces4--,b 9 ?is way ! k9d ( "w we are discuss+ is condemn$3 n ! drama b a mom5t ( x is ! result1 an arbitr>y selection4 ,! creator ( a new g5re %\ld consid] ?is6 ,! arts %\ld n always be di%$ up toge!r1--b we %\ld imitate ! mod]ation ( ! anci5ts :i* is tru] to human nature4 #eb4 ,wagn] rem9ds "o ( lava :i* blocks its own c\rse by congeal+1 & sudd5ly f9ds itself *eck$ by dams :i* x has itself built4 ,!re is no ,allegro con fuoco = him4 #ec4 ,i comp>e ,wagn]'s music1 :i* w\ld fa9 h ! same effect z spee*1 ) t k9d ( sculptural relief :i* w\ld h ! same effect z pa9t+4 ,! highe/ laws ( /yle are violat$1 & t :i* is mo/ sublime c no long] be a*iev$4 #ed4 ,! g5]al heav+1 undulat+ & roll+ ( ,wagn]'s art4 #ee4 ,9 reg>d to ,wagn]'s rejection ( =m1 we are rem9d$ ( ,goe!'s rem>k 9 conv]sation ) ,eck]mann3 !re is no great art 9 be+ brilliant if "o respects no?+4 #ef4 ,once "o !me is ov]1 ,wagn] is always emb>rass$ z to h[ to cont9ue4 ,h5ce ! long prep>ation1 ! susp5se4 ,8 peculi> craft9ess consi/$ 9 transvalu+ 8 weakness into virtues4-- #eg4 ,! lack ( melody & ! pov]ty ( melody 9 ,wagn]4 ,melody is a :ole consi/+ ( _m beautiful proportions1 x is ! reflection ( a well-ord]$ s\l4 ,he /rives aft] melody2 b if he f9ds "o1 he almo/ suffocates x 9 8 embrace4 #eh4 ,! natural nobility ( a ,ba* & a ,bee?ov51 ! beautiful s\l 7ev5 ( a ,m5delssohn7 are want+ 9 ,wagn]4 ,he is "o degree l[]4 #ei4 ,wagn] imitates himself aga9 & aga9--mann]isms4 ,t is :y he 0 ! quicke/ among musicians to be imitat$4 ,x is s easy4 #fj4 ,m5delssohn :o lack$ ! p[] ( radically /agg]+ "o 7incid5tally ?is 0 ! tal5t ( ! ,jews 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t71 makes up = ?is by ! ?+s :i* 7 8 own1 t is to say3 fre$om )9 ! law1 & noble emotions kept )9 ! limits ( beauty4 #fa4 ,liszt1 ! fir/ repres5tative ( all musicians1 b no musician4 ,he 0 ! pr9ce1 n ! /atesman4 ,! conglom]ate ( a hundr$ musicians' s\ls1 b n en\gh ( a p]sonality to ca/ 8 own %ad[ ^u !m4 #fb4 ,! mo/ :olesome ph5om5on is ,brahms1 9 ^: music !re is m ,g]man blood ?an 9 t ( ,wagn]'s4 ,) ^! words ,i w\ld say some?+ complim5t>y1 b by no means :olly s4 #fc4 ,9 ,wagn]'s writ+s !re is no greatness or peace1 b presumption4 ,:y8 #fd4 ,wagn]'s ,/yle4-- ,! habit he acquir$1 f 8 e>lie/ days1 ( hav+ 8 say 9 ! mo/ important matt]s )\t a suffici5t k ( !m1 has r5d]$ him ! obscure & incompreh5sible writ] t he is4 ,9 addition to ?is he aspir$ to imitat+ ! witty newspap] article1 & f9ally acquir$ t presumption :i* readily jo9s h&s ) c>elessness3 &1 behold1 x 0 v good4 #fe4 ,i am al>m$ at ! ?\ght ( h[ mu* pleasure ,i c\ld f9d 9 ,wagn]'s /yle1 :i* is s c>eless z to be unwor?y ( su* an arti/4 #ff4 ,9 ,wagn]1 z 9 ,brahms1 !re is a bl9d d5ial ( ! heal?y1 9 8 foll[]s ?is d5ial is delib]ate & consci\s4 #fg4 ,wagn]'s art is = ^? :o are consci\s ( an ess5tial blund] 9 ! conduct ( _! lives4 ,!y feel ei!r t !y h *eck$ a great nature by a base occupation1 or squ&]$ x ?r\gh idle pursuits1 a conv5tional m>riage1 c4 c4 ,9 ?is qu>t] ! condemnation ( ! _w is ! outcome ( ! condemnation ( ! ego4 #fh4 ,wagn]ites d n wi% to alt] !mselves 9 any way2 !y live discont5t$ly 9 insipid1 conv5tional & brutal circum/ances--only at int]vals does art h to raise !m z by magic above ^! ?+s4 ,weakness ( w4 #fi4 ,wagn]'s art is = s*ol>s :o d n d>e to become philosoph]s3 !y feel discont5t$ ) !mselves & are g5]ally 9 a /ate ( obtuse /upefaction--f "t to "t !y take a ba? 9 ! opposite conditions4 #gj4 ,i feel z if ,i _h recov]$ f an illness3 ) a feel+ ( unutt]able joy ,i ?9k ( ,moz>t's ,requiem4 ,i c once m enjoy simple f>e4 #ga4 ,i und]/& ,sophocles' developm5t ?r\gh & ?r\gh--x 0 ! repugnance to pomp & pageantry4 #gb4 ,i ga9$ an insight into ! inju/ice ( idealism1 by notic+ t ,i av5g$ myself on ,wagn] = ! disappo9t$ hopes ,i _h *]i%$ ( him4 #gc4 ,i leave my l(tie/ duty to ! end1 & t is to ?ank ,wagn] & ,s*op5hau] publicly1 & to make !m z x 7 take sides aga9/ !mselves4 #gd4 ,i c\nsel ev]ybody n to fight %y ( su* pa?s 7,wagn] & ,s*op5hau]74 ,! :olly unphilosophic feel+ ( remorse1 has become q /range to me4 ,wagn]'s ,effects4 #ge4 ,we mu/ /rive to oppose ! false aft]-effects ( ,wagn]'s art4 ,if he1 9 ord] to create ,p>sifal1 is =c$ to pump fre% /r5g? f religi\s s\rces1 ?is is n an example b a dang]4 #gf4 ,i ent]ta9 ! fe> t ! effects ( ,wagn]'s art w ultimately p\r into t torr5t :i* takes its rise on ! o!r side ( ! m\nta9s1 & :i* kn[s h[ to fl[ ev5 ov] m\nta9s4#c ,footnote #c3 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! ,g]man ,ca?olic p>ty is call$ ! ,ultramontane ,p>ty4 ,! riv] :i* c ?us fl[ ov] m\nta9s is ,ca?olicism1 t[>ds :i* ,nietzs*e ?\ght ,wagn]'s art to be t5d+4--,,tr4 ,,we ,,philologi/s ,,autumn #ahgd 7,,publi%$ ,,po/hum\sly7 ,,translat$ ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,,k5n$y ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,qu9tess5ce ,,( ,,nietzs*e1 ,,religions ,,& ,,philosophies ,,( ,,! ,,ea/1 ,c4 ,! mussel is crook$ inside & r\gh outside3 x is only :5 we he> its deep note aft] bl[+ into x t we c beg9 to e/eem x at its true value4--7,ind4 ,spr*e1 ed4 ,b?l+k1 i4 #cce47 ,an ugly-look+ w9d in/rum5t3 b we mu/ fir/ bl[ into x4 ,,translator',s ,,introduction ,! subject ( education 0 "o to :i* ,nietzs*e1 especially dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,basel1 paid consid]able att5tion2 & 8 insight into x 0 v mu* deep] ?an t (1 say1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] or ev5 ,johann ,fri$ri* ,h]b>t1 ! latt] ( :om has 9 late ye>s ex]cis$ consid]able influ5ce 9 s*ola/ic circles4 ,nietzs*e cle>ly saw t ! philologi/s 7us+ ! ^w *iefly 9 ref]5ce to ! tea*]s ( ! classics 9 ,g]man colleges & univ]sities7 7 absolutely unfitt$ = _! high task1 s9ce !y 7 "o & all incapable ( ent]+ into ! _s ( antiquity4 ,al?\gh at ! fir/ read+1 !re=e1 ?is book may seem to be r fragm5t>y1 !re are two ma9 l9es ( ?\ght runn+ ?r\gh x3 an incisive criticism ( ,g]man pr(essors1 & a numb] ( con/ructive ideas z to :at classical culture really %\ld be4 ,^! scatt]$ aphorisms1 inde$1 are significant z %[+ h[ f> ,nietzs*e _h travell$ along ! road ov] :i* humanity _h be5 travell+ f remote ages1 & h[ greatly he 0 imbu$ ) ! pagan _s :i* he recognis$ 9 ,goe! & valu$ 9 ,burckh>dt4 ,ev5 at ?is e>ly p]iod ( 8 life ,nietzs*e 0 conv9c$ t ,*ri/ianity 0 ! real dang] to culture2 & n m]ely mod]n ,*ri/ianity1 b also ! ,alex&rian culture1 ! la/ gasp ( ,greek antiquity1 :i* _h help$ to br+ ,*ri/ianity ab\t4 ,:51 9 ! lat] aphorisms ( ,we ,philologi/s1 ,nietzs*e appe>s to be ?r[+ ov] ! ,greeks1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t he does n ref] to ! ,greeks ( ! era ( ,hom] or s*ylus1 or ev5 ( ,ari/otle1 b to ! mu* lat] ,greeks ( ! era ( ,long9us4 ,classical antiquity1 h[ev]1 0 convey$ to ! public ?r\gh univ]sity pr(essors & _! intellectual (fspr+2 & ^! pr(essors1 influ5c$ 7q unconsci\sly1 ( c\rse7 by religi\s & lib]al pr9ciples1 pres5t$ to _! s*ol>s a k9d ( emasculat$ antiquity4 ,x 0 only on ^! conditions t ! ,/ate all[$ ! pagan tea*+ to be propagat$ 9 ! s*ools2 & if1 :]e classical s*ol>s 7 conc]n$1 x 0 m tol]ant ?an ! ,*ur* _h be51 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! ,*ur* _h already done all ! r\gh "w ( emasculat+ its enemies1 & _h h&$ d[n to ! ,/ate a body ( v innocu\s & h>mless inve/igators4 ,a totally errone\s conception ( :at con/itut$ classical culture 0 ?us br\ght ab\t ,:]e any di/9ction 0 actually made1 = example1 lat] ,greek ?\ght 0 enorm\sly ov]-rat$1 & e>ly ,greek ?\ght equally und]valu$4 ,aphorism #dd1 toge!r ) ! fir/ half-doz5 or s 9 ! book1 may be tak5 z typical specim5s ( ,nietzs*e's prote/ aga9/ ?is /ate ( ?+s4 ,x mu/ be add$1 un=tunately1 t ,nietzs*e's obs]vations 9 ?is book apply z mu* to ,engl& z to ,g]many4 ,classical tea*]s "h may n be rat$ s high z !y are 9 ,g]many2 b _! influ5ce w\ld appe> to be equally p[]ful1 & _! !ories ( education & ( classical antiquity equally *aotic4 ,9 ,engl& z 9 ,g]many !y are !ologians 9 disguise4 ,! dang] ( mod]n values to true culture may be readily ga!r$ f a p]usal ( aphorisms t foll[3 &1 if ^! aphorisms enable ev5 "o s*ol> 9 a hundr$ to ent] m ?or\ghly into ! _s ( a great pa/1 !y w n h be5 p5n$ 9 va94 ,j4 ,m4 ,,k5n$y4 ,,london1 ,july1#aiaa4 #a4 ,to :at a great ext5t m5 are rul$ by pure haz>d1 & h[ little reason itself ent]s into ! "q1 is suffici5tly %[n by obs]v+ h[ few p h any real capacity = _! pr(essions & call+s1 & h[ _m squ>e pegs !re are 9 r\nd holes3 happy & well *os5 in/ances are q exceptional1 l happy m>riages1 & ev5 ^! latt] are n br\ght ab\t by reason4 ,a man *ooses 8 call+ be=e he is fitt$ to ex]cise 8 faculty ( *oice4 ,he does n "k ! numb] ( diff]5t call+s & pr(essions t exi/2 he does n "k himself2 & !n he wa/es 8 ye>s ( activity 9 ?is call+1 applies all 8 m9d to x1 & becomes exp]i5c$ & practical4 ,:51 aft]w>ds1 8 und]/&+ has become fully develop$1 x is g5]ally too late to />t some?+ new2 = wisdom on e>? has almo/ always _h some?+ ( ! weakness ( old age & lack ( vig\r ab\t x4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! task is to make good1 & to set to rights z well z possible1 t :i* 0 bungl$ 9 ! beg9n+4 ,_m w come to recognise t ! latt] "p ( _! life %[s a purpose or design :i* has sprung f a prim>y discord3 x is h>d to live ?r\gh x ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 life1 h[ev]1 ! av]age man has become accu/om$ to x--!n he may make a mi/ake 9 reg>d to ! life he has liv$1 & praise 8 own /upidity3 b5e navigavi cum naufragium feci3 he may ev5 compose a song ( ?anksgiv+ to ,provid5ce4 #b ,on inquir+ into ! orig9 ( ! philologi/ ,i f9d3 #a4 ,a "y man _c h ! slighte/ conception ( :at ! ,greeks & ,romans 74 #b4 ,he does n "k :e!r he is fitt$ to inve/igate into !m2 #c4 ,&1 9 p>ticul>1 he does n "k to :at ext5t1 9 view ( ! k he may actually possess1 he is fitt$ to be a tea*]4 ,:at !n enables him to decide is n ! k ( himself or 8 sci5ce2 b 7a7 ,imitation4 7b7 ,! conv5i5ce ( c>ry+ on ! k9d ( "w :i* he _h begun at s*ool4 7c7 ,8 int5tion ( e>n+ a liv+4 ,9 %ort1 n9ety-n9e philologi/s out ( a hundr$ %\ld n be philologi/s at all4 #c ,! m /rict religions require t m5 %all look ^u _! activity simply z "o means ( c>ry+ out a metaphysical s*eme3 an un=tunate *oice ( call+ may !n be expla9$ z a te/ ( ! individual4 ,religions keep _! eyes fix$ only ^u ! salvation ( ! individual3 :e!r he is a slave or a free man1 a m]*ant or a s*ol>1 8 aim 9 life has no?+ to d ) 8 call+1 s t a wrong *oice is n su* a v great piece ( unhapp9ess4 ,let ?is s]ve z a crumb ( com=t = philologi/s 9 g5]al2 b true philologi/s /& 9 ne$ ( a bett] und]/&+3 :at w result f a sci5ce :i* is gone 9 = by n9ety-n9e su* p8 ,! ?or\ghly unfitt$ majority draw up ! rules ( ! sci5ce 9 accordance ) _! own capacities & incl9ations2 & 9 ?is way !y tyrannise ov] ! hundr$?1 ! only capable "o among !m4 ,if !y h ! tra9+ ( o!rs 9 _! h&s !y w tra9 !m consci\sly or unconsci\sly aft] _! own image3 :at !n becomes ( ! classicism ( ! ,greeks & ,romans8 ,! po9ts to be prov$ are3-- 7a7 ,! disp>ity betwe5 philologi/s & ! anci5ts4 7b7 ,! inability ( ! philologi/ to tra9 8 pupils1 ev5 ) ! help ( ! anci5ts4 7c7 ,! falsify+ ( ! sci5ce by ! 7incapacity ( !7 majority2 ! wrong requirem5ts held 9 view2 ! r5unciation ( ! real aim ( ?is sci5ce4 #d ,all ?is affects ! s\rces ( our pres5t philology3 a sceptical & melan*oly attitude4 ,b h[ o!rwise are philologi/s to be produc$8 ,! imitation ( antiquity3 is n ?is a pr9ciple :i* has be5 refut$ by ?is "t8 ,! flight f actuality to ! anci5ts3 does n ?is t5d to falsify our conception ( antiquity8 #e ,we are /ill beh9dh& 9 "o type ( contemplation3 to und]/& h[ ! greate/ productions ( ! intellect h a dreadful & evil backgr\nd3 ! sceptical type ( contemplation4 ,greek antiquity is n[ inve/igat$ z ! mo/ beautiful example ( life4 ,z man assumes a sceptical & melan*oly attitude t[>ds 8 life's call+1 s we mu/ sceptically exam9e ! highe/ life's call+ ( a nation3 9 ord] t we may und]/& :at life is4 #f ,my words ( consolation apply p>ticul>ly to ! s+le tyrannis$ individual out ( a hundr$3 su* exceptional ones %\ld simply treat all ! un5light5$ majorities z _! subord9ates2 & !y %\ld 9 ! same way take advantage ( ! prejudice1 :i* is /ill widespread1 9 fav\r ( classical in/ruction--!y ne$ _m help]s4 ,b !y mu/ h a cle> p]ception ( :at _! actual goal is4 #g ,philology z ! sci5ce ( antiquity does n1 ( c\rse1 endure = ev]2 its elem5ts are n inexhau/ible4 ,:at _c be exhau/$1 h[ev]1 is ! ev]-new adaptation ( "o's age to antiquity2 ! comp>ison ( ! two4 ,if we make x our task to und]/& our own age bett] by means ( antiquity1 !n our task w be an ev]la/+ "o4--,?is is ! ant9omy ( philology3 p h always endeav\r$ to und]/& antiquity by means ( ! pres5t--& %all ! pres5t n[ be und]/ood by-means ( antiquity8 ,bett]3 p h expla9$ antiquity to !mselves out ( _! own exp]i5ces2 & f ! am\nt ( antiquity ?us acquir$ !y h assess$ ! value ( _! exp]i5ces4 ,exp]i5ce1 !re=e1 is c]ta9ly an ess5tial pre-requisite = a philologi/--t is1 ! philologi/ mu/ fir/ ( all be a man2 = !n only c he be productive z a philologi/4 ,x foll[s f ?is t old m5 are well suit$ to be philologi/s if !y 7 n su* dur+ t portion ( _! life :i* 0 ri*e/ 9 exp]i5ces4 ,x mu/ be insi/$1 h[ev]1 t x is only ?r\gh a k ( ! pres5t t "o c acquire an incl9ation = ! /udy ( classical antiquity4 ,:]e inde$ %\ld ! impulse come f if n f ?is incl9ation8 ,:5 we obs]ve h[ few philologi/s !re actually are1 except ^? t h tak5 up philology z a means ( livelihood1 we c easily decide = ourselves :at is ! matt] ) ?is impulse = antiquity3 x h>dly exi/s at all1 = !re are no dis9t]e/$ philologi/s4 ,our task !n is to secure = philology ! univ]sally educative results :i* x %\ld br+ ab\t4 ,! means3 ! limitation ( ! numb] ( ^? engag$ 9 ! philological pr(ession 7d\btful :e!r "y m5 %\ld be made acqua9t$ ) philology at all74 ,criticism ( ! philologi/4 ,! value ( antiquity3 x s9ks ) y3 h[ deeply y mu/ h sunk1 s9ce its value is n[ s little6 #h ,x is a great advantage = ! true philologi/ t a great deal ( prelim9>y "w has be5 done 9 8 sci5ce1 s t he may take possession ( ?is inh]itance if he is /rong en\gh = x--,i ref] to ! valuation ( ! entire ,hell5ic mode ( ?9k+4 ,s long z philologi/s work$ simply at details1 a misund]/&+ ( ! ,greeks 0 ! consequ5ce4 ,! /ages ( ?is "u-valuation are3 ! sophi/s ( ! second c5tury1 ! philologi/-poets ( ! ,r5aissance1 & ! philologi/ z ! tea*] ( ! high] classes ( society 7,goe!1 ,s*ill]74 ,valu+ is ! mo/ difficult ( all4 ,9 :at respect is "o mo/ fitt$ = ?is valu+8--,n1 at all ev5ts1 :5 "o is tra9$ = philology z "o is n[4 ,x %\ld be asc]ta9$ to :at ext5t our pres5t means make ?is la/ object impossible4--,?us ! philologi/ himself is n ! aim ( philology4 #i ,mo/ m5 %[ cle>ly en\gh t !y d n reg>d !mselves z individuals3 _! lives indicate ?is4 ,! ,*ri/ian comm& t ev]yone %all /eadfa/ly keep 8 eyes fix$ ^u 8 salvation1 & 8 alone1 has z its c\nt]p>t ! g5]al life ( mank9d1 :]e e man lives m]ely z a po9t among o!r po9ts--liv+ n only z ! result ( e>li] g5]ations1 b liv+ also only ) an eye to ! future4 ,!re are only ?ree =ms ( exi/5ce 9 :i* a man rema9s an individual3 z a philosoph]1 z a ,savi\r1 & z an arti/4 ,b j let u consid] h[ a sci5tific man bungles 8 life3 :at has ! tea*+ ( ,greek p>ticles to d ) ! s5se ( life8--,?us we c also obs]ve h[ innum]able m5 m]ely live1 z x 71 a prep>ation = a man3 ! philologi/1 = example1 z a prep>ation = ! philosoph]1 :o 9 8 turn kn[s h[ to utilise 8 ant-l "w to pron\nce "s op9ion ^u ! value ( life4 ,:5 su* ant-l "w is n c>ri$ out "u any special direction ! great] "p ( x is simply nons5se1 & q sup]flu\s4 #aj ,besides ! l>ge numb] ( unqualifi$ philologi/s !re is1 on ! o!r h&1 a numb] ( :at may be call$ born philologi/s1 :o f "s reason or o!r are prev5t$ f becom+ su*4 ,! greate/ ob/acle1 h[ev]1 :i* /&s 9 ! way ( ^! born philologi/s is ! bad repres5tation ( philology by ! unqualifi$ philologi/s4 ,leop>di is ! mod]n ideal ( a philologi/3 ,! ,g]man philologi/s c d no?+4 7,z a pro( ( ?is ,voss %\ld be /udi$67 #aa ,let x be consid]$ h[ diff]5tly a sci5ce is propagat$ f ! way 9 :i* any special tal5t 9 a family is transmitt$4 ,! bodily transmission ( an individual sci5ce is some?+ v r>e4 ,d ! sons ( philologi/s easily become philologi/s8 ,dubito4 ,?us !re is no su* accumulation ( philological capacity z !re 01 let u say1 9 ,bee?ov5's family ( musical capacity4 ,mo/ philologi/s beg9 f ! beg9n+2 & ev5 !n !y le>n f books1 & n ?r\gh travels1 c4 ,!y get "s tra9+1 ( c\rse4 #ab ,mo/ m5 are obvi\sly 9 ! _w accid5tally3 no necessity ( a high] k9d is se5 9 !m4 ,!y "w at ?is & t2 _! tal5ts are av]age4 ,h[ /range6 ,! mann] 9 :i* !y live %[s t !y ?9k v little ( !mselves3 !y m]ely e/eem !mselves 9 s f> z !y wa/e _! en]gy on trifles 7:e!r ^! be mean or frivol\s desires1 or ! tra%y conc]ns ( _! ev]yday call+74 ,9 ! s-call$ life's call+1 :i* ev]yone mu/ *oose1 we may p]ceive a t\*+ mode/y on ! "p ( mank9d4 ,!y practically admit 9 *oos+ ?us3 ,we are call$ ^u to s]ve & to be ( advantage to our equals--! same rem>k applies to our neighb\r & to 8 neighb\r2 s ev]yone s]ves somebody else2 no "o is c>ry+ out ! duties ( 8 call+ = 8 own sake1 b always = ! sake ( o!rs3 & ?us we are l geese :i* support "o ano!r by ! "o lean+ aga9/ ! o!r4 ,:5 ! aim ( ea* "o ( u is c5tr$ 9 ano!r1 !n we h all no object 9 exi/+2 & ?is 'exi/+ = o!rs' is ! mo/ comical ( com$ies4 #ac ,vanity is ! involunt>y incl9ation to set "o's self up = an individual :ile n really be+ "o2 t is to say1 try+ to appe> indep5d5t :5 "o is dep5d5t4 ,! case ( wisdom is ! exact contr>y3 x appe>s to be dep5d5t :ile 9 reality x is indep5d5t4 #ad ,! ,hades ( ,hom]--,f :at type ( exi/5ce is x really copi$8 ,i ?9k x is ! description ( ! philologi/3 x is bett] to be a day-lab\r] ?an to h su* an anmic recollection ( ! pa/4--#a ,footnote #a3 ,no d\bt a rem9isc5ce ( ! ,odyssey1 ,bk4 ix4--,,tr4 #ae ,! attitude ( ! philologi/ t[>ds antiquity is apologetic1 or else dictat$ by ! view t :at our own age values c likewise be f\nd 9 antiquity4 ,! "r attitude to take up1 h[ev]1 is ! rev]se "o1 viz41 to />t ) an insight into our mod]n topsyturv9ess1 & to look back f antiquity to x--& _m ?+s ab\t antiquity :i* h hi!rto displeas$ u w !n be se5 to h be5 mo/ pr(\nd necessities4 ,we mu/ make x cle> to ourselves t we are act+ 9 an absurd mann] :5 we try to def5d or to beautify antiquity3 :o are we6 #af ,we are "u a false impression :5 we say t !re is always "s ca/e :i* gov]ns a nation's culture1 & t !re=e savants are necess>y2 = savants only possess k conc]n+ culture 7& ev5 ?is only 9 exceptional cases74 ,among le>n$ m5 !mselves !re might be a few1 c]ta9ly n a ca/e1 b ev5 ^! w\ld inde$ be r>e4 #ag ,"o v great value ( antiquity consi/s 9 ! fact t its writ+s are ! only ones :i* mod]n m5 /ill read c>efully4 ,ov]/ra9+ ( ! memory--v common among philologi/s1 toge!r ) a poor developm5t ( ! judgm5t4 #ah ,busy+ ourselves ) ! culture-epo*s ( ! pa/3 is ?is gratitude8 ,we %\ld look backw>ds 9 ord] to expla9 to ourselves ! pres5t conditions ( culture3 we d n become too laudatory 9 reg>d to our own circum/ances1 b p]haps we %\ld d s 9 ord] t we may n be too sev]e on ourselves4 #ai ,he :o has no s5se = ! symbolical has none = antiquity3 let p$antic philologi/s be> ?is 9 m9d4 #bj ,my aim is to br+ ab\t a /ate ( complete enmity betwe5 our pres5t culture & antiquity4 ,:oev] wi%es to s]ve ! =m] mu/ hate ! latt]4 #ba ,c>eful m$itation ^u ! pa/ leads to ! impression t we are a multiplication ( _m pa/s3 s h[ c we be a f9al aim8 ,b :y n8 ,9 mo/ in/ances1 h[ev]1 we d n wi% to be ?is4 ,we take up our positions aga9 9 ! ranks1 "w 9 our own little corn]1 & hope t :at we d may be ( "s small pr(it to our successors4 ,b t is exactly ! case ( ! cask ( ! ,dan3 & ?is is useless1 we mu/ aga9 set ab\t do+ ev]y?+ = ourselves1 & only = ourselves--measur+ sci5ce by ourselves1 = example ) ! "q3 ,:at is sci5ce to u8 n3 :at are we to sci5ce8 ,p really make life too easy = !mselves :5 !y look ^u !mselves f su* a simple hi/orical po9t ( view1 & make humble s]vants ( !mselves4 ,y\r own salvation above ev]y?+--t is :at y %\ld say2 & !re are no in/itutions :i* y %\ld prize m highly ?an y\r own s\l4--,n[1 h[ev]1 man le>ns to "k himself3 he f9ds himself mis]able1 despises himself1 & is pleas$ to f9d some?+ wor?y ( respect outside himself4 ,!re=e he gets rid ( himself1 s to speak1 makes himself subs]vi5t to a cause1 does 8 duty /rictly1 & atones = 8 exi/5ce4 ,he kn[s t he does n "w = himself alone2 he wi%es to help ^? :o are d>+ en\gh to exi/ on acc\nt ( !mselves1 l ,socrates4 ,! majority ( m5 are z x 7 susp5d$ 9 ! air l toy balloons2 e brea? ( w9d moves !m4--,z a consequ5ce ! savant mu/ be su* out ( self-k1 t is to say1 out ( contempt = himself--9 o!r words he mu/ recognise himself to be m]ely ! s]vant ( "s high] be+ :o comes aft] him4 ,o!rwise he is simply a %eep4 #bb ,x is ! duty ( ! free man to live = 8 own sake1 & n = o!rs4 ,x 0 on ?is acc\nt t ! ,greeks look$ ^u h&icrafts z unseemly4 ,z a complete entity ,greek antiquity has n yet be5 fully valu$3 ,i am conv9c$ t if x _h n be5 surr\nd$ by its traditional glorification1 ! m5 ( ! pres5t day w\ld %r9k f x horror /rick54 ,?is glorification1 !n1 is spuri\s2 gold-pap]4 #bc ,! false en?usiasm = antiquity 9 :i* _m philologi/s live4 ,:5 antiquity sudd5ly comes ^u u 9 our y\?1 x appe>s to u to be compos$ ( innum]able trivialities2 9 p>ticul> we believe ourselves to be above its e?ics4 ,& ,hom] & ,walt] ,scott--:o c>ries (f ! palm8 ,let u be hone/6 ,if ?is en?usiasm 7 really felt1 p c\ld sc>cely seek _! life's call+ 9 x4 ,i mean t :at we c obta9 f ! ,greeks only beg9s to dawn ^u u 9 lat] ye>s3 only aft] we h und]gone _m exp]i5ces1 & ?\ght a great deal4 #bd ,p 9 g5]al ?9k t philology is at an end--:ile ,i believe t x has n yet begun4 ,! greate/ ev5ts 9 philology are ! appe>ance ( ,goe!1 ,s*op5hau]1 & ,wagn]2 /&+ on _! %\ld]s we look f> into ! di/ance ,! fif? & six? c5turies h /ill to be discov]$4 #be ,:]e d we see ! effect ( antiquity8 ,n 9 language1 n 9 ! imitation ( some?+ or o!r1 & n 9 p]v]sity & wayw>dness1 to :i* uses ! ,fr5* h turn$ x4 ,our museums are gradually becom+ fill$ up3 ,i always exp]i5ce a s5sation ( disgu/ :5 ,i see nak$ /atues 9 ! ,greek /yle 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is ?\ght-less phili/9ism :i* w\ld fa9 dev\r ev]y?+4 ,,plans ,,& ,,?\ghts ,,relat+ ,,to ,a ,,"w ,,on ,,philology 7#ahge7 #bf ,( all sci5ces philology at pres5t is ! mo/ fav\r$3 its progress hav+ be5 fur!r$ = c5turies by ! greate/ numb] ( s*ol>s 9 e nation :o h _h *>ge ( ! noble/ pupils4 ,philology has ?us _h "o ( ! be/ ( all opportunities to be propagat$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & to make itself respect$4 ,h[ has x acquir$ ?is p[]8 ,calculations ( ! diff]5t prejudices 9 its fav\r4 ,h[ !n if ^! 7 to be frankly recognis$ z prejudices8 ,w\ld n philology be sup]flu\s if we reckon$ up ! int]e/s ( a position 9 life or ! e>n+ ( a livelihood8 ,:at if ! tru? 7 told ab\t antiquity1 & its qualifications = tra9+ p to live 9 ! pres5t8 ,9 ord] t ! que/ions set =? above may be answ]$ let u consid] ! tra9+ ( ! philologi/1 8 g5esis3 he no long] comes into be+ :]e ^! int]e/s are lack+4 ,if ! _w 9 g5]al came to "k :at an unseasonable ?+ = u antiquity really is1 philologi/s w\ld no long] be call$ 9 z ! educators ( our y\?4 ,effect ( antiquity on ! non-philologi/ likewise no?+4 ,if !y %[$ !mselves to be imp]ative & contradictory1 oh1 ) :at hatr$ w\ld !y be pursu$6 ,b !y always humble !mselves4 ,philology n[ d]ives its p[] only f ! union betwe5 ! philologi/s :o w n1 or _c1 und]/& antiquity & public op9ion1 :i* is misl$ by prejudices 9 reg>d to x4 ,! real ,greeks1 & _! wat]+ d[n ?r\gh ! philologi/s4 ,! future comm&+ philologi/ sceptical 9 reg>d to our entire culture1 & !re=e also ! de/roy] ( philology z a pr(ession4 ,,! ,,pref]5ce ,,= ,,antiquity #bg ,if a man approves ( ! inve/igation ( ! pa/ he w also approve & ev5 praise ! fact--& w above all easily und]/& x--t !re are s*ol>s :o are exclusively occupi$ ) ! inve/igation ( ,greek & ,roman antiquity3 b t ^! s*ol>s are at ! same "t ! tea*]s ( ! *ildr5 ( ! nobility & g5try is n equally easy ( compreh5sion--"h lies a problem4 ,:y philologi/s precisely8 ,?is is n altoge!r su* a matt] ( c\rse z ! case ( a pr(essor ( m$ic9e1 :o is also a practical physician & surgeon4 ,=1 if ! cases 7 id5tical1 preoccupation ) ,greek & ,roman antiquity w\ld be id5tical ) ! sci5ce ( education4 ,9 %ort ! relation%ip betwe5 !ory & practice 9 ! philologi/ _c be s quickly conceiv$4 ,:5ce comes 8 pret5sion to be a tea*] 9 ! high] s5se1 n only ( all sci5tific m51 b m especially ( all cultur$ m58 ,?is educational p[] mu/ be tak5 by ! philologi/ f antiquity2 & 9 su* a case p w ask ) a/oni%m5t3 h[ does x come t we atta* su* value to a f>-(f pa/ t we c only become cultur$ m5 ) ! aid ( its k8 ,^! que/ions1 h[ev]1 are n ask$ z a rule3 ,! sway ( philology ov] our means ( in/ruction rema9s practically unque/ion$2 & antiquity has ! importance assign$ to x4 ,to ?is ext5t ! position ( ! philologi/ is m fav\rable ?an t ( any o!r foll[] ( sci5ce4 ,true1 he has n at 8 disposal t great mass ( m5 :o /& 9 ne$ ( him--! doctor1 = example1 has f> m ?an ! philologi/4 ,b he c influ5ce pick$ m51 or y\?s1 to be m accurate1 at a "t :5 all _! m5tal faculties are beg9n+ to blossom =?--p :o c af=d to devote bo? "t & money to _! high] developm5t4 ,9 all ^? places :]e ,european culture has f\nd its way1 p h accept$ second>y s*ools bas$ ^u a f\ndation ( ,lat9 & ,greek z ! fir/ & highe/ means ( in/ruction4 ,9 ?is way philology has f\nd its be/ opportunity ( transmitt+ itself1 & comm&+ respect3 no o!r sci5ce has be5 s well fav\r$4 ,z a g5]al rule all ^? :o h pass$ ?r\gh su* in/itutions h aft]w>ds borne te/imony to ! excell5ce ( _! organisation & curriculum1 & su* p are1 ( c\rse1 unconsci\s witnesses 9 fav\r ( philology4 ,if any :o h n pass$ ?r\gh ^! in/itutions %\ld happ5 to utt] a ^w 9 disp>agem5t ( ?is education1 an unanim\s & yet calm repudiation ( ! /atem5t at once foll[s1 z if classical education 7 a k9d ( wit*craft1 bless+ its foll[]s1 & demon/rat+ itself to !m by ?is bless+4 ,!re is no attempt at polemics3 ,we h be5 ?r\gh x all4 ,we "k x has done u good4 ,n[ !re are s _m ?+s to :i* m5 h become s accu/om$ t !y look ^u !m z q appropriate & suitable1 = habit int]mixes all ?+s ) sweetness2 & m5 z a rule judge ! value ( a ?+ 9 accordance ) _! own desires4 ,! desire = classical antiquity z x is n[ felt %\ld be te/$1 &1 z x 71 tak5 to pieces & analys$ ) a view to see+ h[ mu* ( ?is desire is due to habit1 & h[ mu* to m]e love ( adv5ture--,i ref] to t inw>d & active desire1 new & /range1 :i* gives rise to a productive conviction f day to day1 ! desire = a high] goal1 & also ! means !reto3 z ! result ( :i* p advance /ep by /ep f "o unfamili> ?+ to ano!r1 l an ,alp9e climb]4 ,:at is ! f\ndation on :i* ! high value atta*$ to antiquity at ! pres5t "t is bas$1 to su* an ext5t inde$ t our :ole mod]n culture is f\nd$ on x8 ,:]e mu/ we look = ! orig9 ( ?is delight 9 antiquity1 & ! pref]5ce %[n = x8 ,i ?9k ,i h recognis$ 9 my exam9ation ( ! "q t all our philology--t is1 all its pres5t exi/5ce & p[]--is bas$ on ! same f\ndation z t on :i* our view ( antiquity z ! mo/ important ( all means ( tra9+ is bas$4 ,philology z a means ( in/ruction is ! cle> expression ( a pr$om9at+ conception reg>d+ ! value ( antiquity1 & ! be/ me?ods ( education4 ,two propositions are conta9$ 9 ?is /atem5t3 ,9 ! fir/ place all high] education mu/ be a hi/orical "o2 & secondly1 ,greek & ,roman hi/ory diff]s f all o!rs 9 t x is classical4 ,?us ! s*ol> :o kn[s ?is hi/ory becomes a tea*]4 ,we are n "h go+ into ! "q z to :e!r high] education ought to be hi/orical or n2 b we may exam9e ! second & ask3 9 h[ f> is x classic8 ,on ?is po9t !re are _m widespread prejudices4 ,9 ! fir/ place !re is ! prejudice express$ 9 ! synonym\s concept1 ,! /udy ( ! humanities3 antiquity is classic because x is ! s*ool ( ! humane4 ,secondly3 ,antiquity is classic because x is enlight5$---- #bh ,x is ! task ( all education to *ange c]ta9 consci\s actions & habits into m or less unconsci\s ones2 & ! hi/ory ( mank9d is 9 ?is s5se its education4 ,! philologi/ n[ practises unconsci\sly a numb] ( su* occupations & habits4 ,x is my object to asc]ta9 h[ 8 p[]1 t is1 8 in/9ctive me?ods ( "w1 is ! result ( activities :i* 7 =m]ly consci\s1 b :i* he has gradually come to feel z su* no long]3 b t consci\sness consi/$ ( prejudices4 ,! pres5t p[] ( philologi/s is bas$ ^u ^! prejudices1 = example ! value atta*$ to ! ratio z 9 ! cases ( ,b5tley & ,h]mann4 ,prejudices are1 z ,li*t5b]g says1 ! art impulses ( m54 #bi ,x is difficult to ju/ify ! pref]5ce = antiquity s9ce x has aris5 f prejudices3 #a4 ,f ignorance ( all non-classical antiquity4 #b4 ,f a false idealisation ( humanit>ianism1 :il/ ,h9doos & ,*9ese are at all ev5ts m humane4 #c4 ,f ! pret5sions ( s*ool-tea*]s4 #d4 ,f ! traditional admiration :i* emanat$ f antiquity itself4 #e4 ,f opposition to ! ,*ri/ian *ur*2 or z a support = ?is *ur*4 #f4 ,f ! impression creat$ by ! c5tury-long "w ( ! philologi/s1 & ! nature ( ?is "w3 x mu/ be a gold m9e1 ?9ks ! spectator4 #g4 ,! acquirem5t ( k atta9$ z ! result ( ! /udy4 ,! prep>atory s*ool ( sci5ce4 ,9 %ort1 p>tly f ignorance1 wrong impressions1 & mislead+ conclusions2 & also f ! int]e/ :i* philologi/s h 9 rais+ _! sci5ce to a high level 9 ! e/imation ( laym54 ,also ! pref]5ce = antiquity on ! "p ( ! arti/s1 :o involunt>ily assume proportion & mod]ation to be ! prop]ty ( all antiquity4 ,purity ( =m4 ,au?ors likewise4 ,! pref]5ce = antiquity z an abbreviation ( ! hi/ory ( ! human race1 z if !re 7 an auto*?on\s creation "h by :i* all becom+ might be /udi$4 ,! fact actually is t ! f\ndations ( ?is pref]5ce are be+ remov$ "o by "o1 & if ?is is n rem>k$ by philologi/s !mselves1 x is c]ta9ly be+ rem>k$ z mu* z x c possibly be by p outside _! circle4 ,fir/ ( all hi/ory _h its effect1 & !n l+ui/ics br\ght ab\t ! greate/ div]sion among philologi/s !mselves1 & ev5 ! des]tion ( _m ( !m4 ,!y h /ill ! s*ools 9 _! h&s3 b = h[ long6 ,9 ! =m 9 :i* x has exi/$ up to ! pres5t philology is dy+ out2 ! gr\nd has be5 swept f "u its feet4 ,:e!r philologi/s may /ill hope to ma9ta9 _! /atus is d\btful2 9 any case !y are a dy+ race4 #cj ,! peculi>ly significant situation ( philologi/s3 a class ( p to :om we entru/ our y\?1 & :o h to inve/igate q a special antiquity4 ,! highe/ value is obvi\sly atta*$ to ?is antiquity4 ,b if ?is antiquity has be5 wrongly valu$1 !n ! :ole f\ndation ^u :i* ! high position ( ! philologi/ is bas$ sudd5ly collapses4 ,9 any case ?is antiquity has be5 v diff]5tly valu$2 & our appreciation ( ! philologi/s has con/antly be5 guid$ by x4 ,^! p h borr[$ _! p[] f ! /rong prejudices 9 fav\r ( antiquity1--?is mu/ be made cle>4 ,philologi/s n[ feel t :5 ^! prejudices are at la/ refut$1 & antiquity depict$ 9 its true col\rs1 ! fav\rable prejudices t[>ds !m w dim9i% consid]ably4 ,x is ?us to ! int]e/ ( _! pr(ession n to let a cle> impression ( antiquity come to light3 9 p>ticul> ! impression t antiquity 9 its highe/ s5se r5d]s "o out ( season i4e41 an enemy to "o's own "t4 ,x is also to ! int]e/ ( philologi/s z a class n to let _! call+ z tea*]s be reg>d$ f a high] /&po9t ?an t to :i* !y !mselves c correspond4 #ca ,x is to be hop$ t !re are a few p :o look ^u x z a problem :y philologi/s %\ld be ! tea*]s ( our noble/ y\?s4 ,p]haps ! case w n be always s4--,x w\ld be mu* m natural p] se if our *ildr5 7 in/ruct$ 9 ! elem5ts ( geography1 natural sci5ce1 political economy1 & sociology1 if !y 7 gradually l$ to a consid]ation ( life itself1 & if f9ally1 b mu* lat]1 ! mo/ notewor?y ev5ts ( ! pa/ 7 br\ght to _! k4 ,a k ( antiquity %\ld be among ! la/ subjects :i* a /ud5t w\ld take up2 & w\ld n ?is position ( antiquity 9 ! curriculum ( a s*ool be m hon\rable = x ?an ! pres5t "o8--,antiquity is n[ us$ m]ely z a propdeutic = ?9k+1 speak+1 & writ+2 b !re 0 a "t :5 x 0 ! ess5ce ( e>?ly k1 & p at t "t wi%$ to acquire by means ( practical le>n+ :at !y n[ seek to acquire m]ely by means ( a detail$ plan ( /udy--a plan :i*1 correspond+ to ! m advanc$ k ( ! age1 has entirely *ang$4 ,?us ! inn] purpose ( philological tea*+ has be5 entirely alt]$2 x 0 at "o "t mat]ial tea*+1 a tea*+ t taught h[ to live2 b n[ x is m]ely =mal4#c ,footnote #c3 ,=mal education is t :i* t5ds to develop ! critical & logical faculties1 z oppos$ to mat]ial education1 :i* is int5d$ to deal ) ! acquisition ( k & its valuation1 e4g41 hi/ory1 ma!matics1 c4 ,mat]ial education1 ( c\rse1 has no?+ to d ) mat]ialism4--,,tr4 #cb ,if x 7 ! task ( ! philologi/ to imp>t =mal education1 x w\ld be necess>y = him to tea* walk+1 danc+1 speak+1 s++1 act+1 or argu+3 & ! s-call$ =mal tea*]s did imp>t _! in/ruction ?is way 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies4 ,b only ! tra9+ ( a sci5tific man is tak5 into acc\nt1 :i* results 9 =mal ?9k+ & writ+1 & h>dly any speak+ at all4 #cc ,if ! gymnasium is to tra9 "y m5 = sci5ce1 p n[ say !re c be no m prelim9>y prep>ation = any p>ticul> sci5ce1 s compreh5sive h all ! sci5ces become4 ,z a consequ5ce tea*]s h to tra9 _! /ud5ts g5]ally1 t is to say = all ! sci5ces--= sci5tificality 9 o!r words2 & = t classical /udies are necess>y6 ,:at a wond]ful jump6 a mo/ despair+ ju/ification6 ,:atev] is1 is "r1#d ev5 :5 x is cle>ly se5 t ! "r on :i* x has be5 bas$ has turn$ to wrong4 ,footnote #d3 ,! ref]5ce is n to ,pope1 b to ,hegel4--,,tr4 #cd ,x is accompli%m5ts :i* are expect$ f u aft] a /udy ( ! anci5ts3 =m]ly1 = example1 ! ability to write & speak4 ,b :at is expect$ n[6 ,?9k+ & d$uction3 b ^! ?+s are n le>nt f ! anci5ts1 b at be/ ?r\gh ! anci5ts1 by means ( sci5ce4 ,moreov]1 all hi/orical d$uction is v limit$ & unsafe2 natural sci5ce %\ld be pref]r$4 #ce ,x is ! same ) ! simplicity ( antiquity z x is ) ! simplicity ( /yle3 x is ! highe/ ?+ :i* we recognise & mu/ imitate2 b x is also ! la/ ,let x be rememb]$ t ! classic prose ( ! ,greeks is also a late result #cf ,:at a mock]y ( ! /udy ( ! humanities lies 9 ! fact t !y 7 also call$ belles lettres 7bellas litt]as76 #cg ,wolfs#e reasons :y ! ,egyptians1 ,hebrews ,p]sians1 & o!r ,ori5tal nations 7 n to be set on ! same plane ) ! ,greeks & ,romans3 ,! =m] h ei!r n rais$ !mselves1 or h rais$ !mselves only to a slight ext5t1 above t type ( culture :i* %\ld be call$ a m]e civilisation & b\rgeois acquirem5t1 z oppos$ to ! high] & true culture ( ! m9d4 ,he !n expla9s t ?is culture is spiritual & lit]>y3 ,9 a well-organis$ nation ?is may be begun e>li] ?an ord] & peacefulness 9 ! outw>d life ( ! p 7enlight5m5t74 ,he !n contra/s ! inhabitants ( ea/]nmo/ ,asia 7l su* individuals1 :o are n want+ 9 clean1 dec5t1 & com=table dwell+s1 clo?+1 & surr\nd+s2 b :o nev] feel ! necessity = a high] enlight5m5t7 ) ! ,greeks 79 ! case ( ! ,greeks1 ev5 among ! mo/ educat$ inhabitants ( ,attica1 ! contr>y (t5 happ5s to an a/oni%+ degree2 & ! p neglect z insignificant factors t :i* we1 ?anks to our love ( ord]1 are 9 ! habit ( look+ ^u z ! f\ndations ( m5tal culture itself74 ,footnote #e3 ,fri$ri* ,augu/ ,wolf 7#agei-ahbd71 ! well-kn[n classical s*ol>1 n[ *iefly rememb]$ by 8 ,prolegom5a ad ,hom]um4--,,tr4 #ch ,our t]m9ology already %[s h[ prone we are to judge ! anci5ts wrongly3 ! exagg]at$ s5se ( lit]ature1 = example2 or1 z ,wolf1 :5 speak+ ( ! inn] hi/ory ( anci5t erudition1 calls x1 ! hi/ory ( le>n$ enlight5m5t4 #ci ,accord+ to ,goe!1 ! anci5ts are ! despair ( ! emulator4 ,voltaire said3 ,if ! admir]s ( ,hom] 7 hone/1 !y w\ld ackn[l$ge ! bor$om :i* _! fav\rite (t5 causes !m4 #dj ,! position we h tak5 up t[>ds classical antiquity is at bottom ! pr(\nd cause ( ! /]ility ( mod]n culture2 = we h tak5 all ?is mod]n conception ( culture f ! ,hell5is$ ,romans4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% )9 ! doma9 ( antiquity itself3 :5 we come to appreciate its purely productive p]iod1 we condemn at ! same "t ! entire ,romano ,alex&rian culture4 ,b at ! same "t also we condemn our own attitude t[>ds antiquity1 & likewise our philology4 #da ,!re has be5 an age-long battle betwe5 ! ,g]mans & antiquity1 i4e41 a battle aga9/ ! old culture3 x is c]ta9 t precisely :at is be/ & deepe/ 9 ! ,g]man resi/s x4 ,! ma9 po9t1 h[ev]1 is t su* resi/ance is only ju/ifiable 9 ! case ( ! ,romanis$ culture2 = ?is culture1 ev5 at t "t1 0 a fall+-(f f some?+ m pr(\nd & noble4 ,x is ?is latt] t ! ,g]mans are wrong 9 resi/+4 #db ,ev]y?+ classic 0 ?or\ghly cultivat$ by ,*>les ! ,great1 :il/ he combat$ ev]y?+ hea!n ) ! sev]e/ possible measures ( co]cion4 ,anci5t my?ology 0 develop$1 b ,g]man my?ology 0 treat$ z a crime4 ,! feel+ und]ly+ all ?is1 9 my op9ion1 0 t ,*ri/ianity _h already ov]come ! old religion3 p no long] fe>$ x1 b avail$ !mselves ( ! culture t re/$ ^u x4 ,b ! old ,g]man gods 7 fe>$4 ,a great sup]ficiality 9 ! conception ( antiquity--little else ?an an appreciation ( its =mal accompli%m5ts & its k--mu/ !reby h be5 br\ght ab\t4 ,we mu/ f9d out ! =ces t /ood 9 ! way ( increas+ our insight into antiquity4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! culture ( antiquity is utilis$ z an incitem5t t[>ds ! acceptance ( ,*ri/ianity3 x became1 z x 71 ! premium = conv]sion1 ! gilt ) :i* ! poison\s pill 0 coat$ be=e be+ swall[$4 ,secondly1 ! help ( anci5t culture 0 f\nd to be necess>y z a weapon = ! intellectual protection ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,ev5 ! ,re=mation c\ld n disp5se ) classical /udies = ?is purpose4 ,! ,r5aissance1 on ! o!r h&1 n[ beg9s1 ) a cle>] s5se ( classical /udies1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are likewise look$ ^u f an anti-,*ri/ian /&po9t3 ! ,r5aissance %[s an awak5+ ( hone/y 9 ! s\?1 l ! ,re=mation 9 ! nor?4 ,!y c\ld n b cla%2 = a s9c]e lean+ t[>ds antiquity r5d]s "o un*ri/ian4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ! ,*ur* succe$$ 9 turn+ classical /udies into a h>mless direction3 ! philologi/ 0 inv5t$1 repres5t+ a type ( le>n$ man :o 0 at ! same "t a prie/ or some?+ simil>4 ,ev5 9 ! p]iod ( ! ,re=mation p succe$$ 9 emasculat+ s*ol>%ip4 ,x is on ?is acc\nt t ,fri$ri* ,augu/ ,wolf is notewor?y3 he fre$ 8 pr(ession f ! bonds ( !ology4 ,?is action ( 81 h[ev]1 0 n fully und]/ood2 = an aggressive1 active elem5t1 su* z 0 manife/$ by ! poet-philologi/s ( ! ,r5aissance1 0 n develop$4 ,! fre$om obta9$ b5efit$ sci5ce1 b n man4 #dc ,x is true t bo? humanism & rationalism h br\ght antiquity into ! field z an ally2 & x is !re=e q compreh5sible t ! oppon5ts ( humanism %\ld direct _! attacks aga9/ antiquity also4 ,antiquity1 h[ev]1 has be5 misund]/ood & falsifi$ by humanism3 x mu/ r be consid]$ z a te/imony aga9/ humanism1 aga9/ ! b5ign nature ( man1 c4 ,! oppon5ts ( humanism are wrong to combat antiquity z well2 = 9 antiquity !y h a /rong ally4 #dd ,x is s difficult to und]/& ! anci5ts4 ,we mu/ wait pati5tly until ! _s moves u4 ,! human elem5t :i* antiquity %[s u mu/ n be confus$ ) humanit>ianism4 ,?is contra/ mu/ be /rongly emphasis$3 philology suff]s by endeav\r+ to sub/itute ! humanit>ian2 "y m5 are br\ght =w>d z /ud5ts ( philology 9 ord] t !y may !reby become humanit>ians4 ,a good deal ( hi/ory1 9 my op9ion1 is q suffici5t = t purpose4 ,! brutal & self-consci\s man w be humbl$ :5 he sees ?+s & values *ang+ to su* an ext5t4 ,! human elem5t among ! ,greeks lies )9 a c]ta9 navet ?r\gh :i* man himself is to be se5--/ate1 art1 society1 milit>y & civil law1 sexual relations1 education1 p>ty4 ,x is precisely ! human elem5t :i* may be se5 ev]y:]e & among all peoples2 b among ! ,greeks x is se5 9 a /ate ( nak$ness & inhumanity :i* _c be disp5s$ ) = purposes ( in/ruction4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! ,greeks h creat$ ! greate/ numb] ( individuals2 & ?us !y give u s mu* insight into m51--a ,greek cook is m ( a cook ?an any o!r4 #de ,i deplore a sy/em ( education :i* does n enable p to und]/& ,wagn]1 & z ! result ( :i* ,s*op5hau] s\nds h>% & discordant 9 our e>s3 su* a sy/em ( education has miss$ its aim4 #df 7,,! ,,f9al ,,draft ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,*apt]47 ,il faut dire la vrit et s'immol]4--,,voltaire4 ,let u suppose t !re 7 fre] & m sup]ior spirits :o 7 dissatisfi$ ) ! education n[ 9 vogue1 & t !y summon$ x to _! tribunal1 :at w\ld ! def5dant say to !m8 ,9 all probability some?+ l ?is3 ,:e!r y h a "r to summon anyone "h or n1 ,i am at all ev5ts n ! prop] p]son to be call$4 ,x is my educators to :om y %\ld apply4 ,x is _! duty to def5d me1 & ,i h a "r to keep sil5t4 ,i am m]ely :at !y h made me4 ,^! educators w\ld n[ be hal$ be=e ! tribunal1 & among !m an entire pr(ession w\ld be obs]v$3 ! philologi/s4 ,?is pr(ession consi/s 9 ! fir/ place ( ^? m5 :o make use ( _! k ( ,greek & ,roman antiquity to br+ up y\?s ( ?irte5 to tw5ty ye>s ( age1 & secondly ( ^? m5 ^: task x is to tra9 specially-gift$ pupils to act z future tea*]s-i4e41 z ! educators ( educators4 ,philologi/s ( ! fir/ type are tea*]s at ! public s*ools2 ^? ( ! second are pr(essors at ! univ]sities4 ,! fir/-nam$ philologi/s are entru/$ ) ! c>e ( c]ta9 specially-*os5 y\?s1 ^? :o1 e>ly 9 life1 %[ signs ( tal5t & a s5se ( :at is noble1 & ^: p>5ts are prep>$ to all[ pl5ty ( "t & money = _! education4 ,if o!r boys1 :o d n fulfil ^! ?ree conditions1 are pres5t$ to ! tea*]s1 ! tea*]s h ! "r to refuse !m4 ,^? =m+ ! second class1 ! univ]sity pr(essors1 receive ! "y m5 :o feel !mselves fitt$ = ! highe/ & mo/ responsible ( call+s1 t ( tea*]s & m\ld]s ( mank9d2 & ^! pr(essors1 too1 may refuse to h any?+ to d ) "y m5 :o are n adequately equipp$ or gift$ = ! task4 ,if1 !n1 ! educational sy/em ( a p]iod is condemn$1 a heavy c5sure on philologi/s is !reby impli$3 ei!r1 z ! consequ5ce ( _! wrong-head$ view1 !y insi/ on giv+ bad education 9 ! belief t x is good2 or !y d n wi% to give ?is bad education1 b are unable to c>ry ! day 9 fav\r ( education :i* !y recognise to be bett]4 ,9 o!r words1 _! fault is ei!r due to _! lack ( insight or to _! lack ( w4 ,9 answ] to ! fir/ *>ge !y w\ld say t !y knew no bett]1 & 9 answ] to ! second t !y c\ld d no bett]4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ^! philologi/s br+ up _! pupils *iefly ) ! aid ( ,greek & ,roman antiquity1 _! want ( insight 9 ! fir/ case may be attribut$ to ! fact t !y d n und]/& antiquity2 & aga9 to ! fact t !y br+ =w>d antiquity into ! pres5t age z if x 7 ! mo/ important ( all aids to in/ruction1 :ile antiquity1 g5]ally speak+1 does n assi/ 9 tra9+1 or at all ev5ts no long] does s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we reproa* our pr(essors ) _! lack ( w1 !y w\ld be q "r 9 attribut+ educational significance & p[] to antiquity2 b !y !mselves c\ld n be said to be ! prop] in/rum5ts by means ( :i* antiquity c\ld exhibit su* p[]4 ,9 o!r words1 ! pr(essors w\ld n be real tea*]s & w\ld be liv+ "u false col\rs3 b h[1 !n1 c\ld !y h rea*$ su* an irregul> position8 ,?r\gh a misund]/&+ ( !mselves & _! qualifications4 ,9 ord]1 !n1 t we may ascribe to philologi/s _! %>e 9 ?is bad educational sy/em ( ! pres5t "t1 we may sum up ! diff]5t factors ( _! innoc5ce & guilt 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 ! philologi/1 if he wi%es = a v]dict ( acquittal1 mu/ und]/& ?ree ?+s3 antiquity1 ! pres5t "t1 & himself3 8 fault lies 9 ! fact t he ei!r does n und]/& antiquity1 or ! pres5t "t1 or himself4 #dg ,x is n true to say t we c atta9 culture ?r\gh antiquity alone4 ,we may le>n some?+ f x1 c]ta9ly2 b n culture z ! ^w is n[ und]/ood4 ,our pres5t culture is bas$ on an emasculat$ & m5daci\s /udy ( antiquity4 ,9 ord] to und]/& h[ ineffectual ?is /udy is1 j look at our philologi/s3 !y1 tra9$ ^u antiquity1 %\ld be ! mo/ cultur$ m54 ,are !y8 #dh ,orig9 ( ! philologi/4 ,:5 a great "w ( art is exhibit$ !re is always "s "o :o n only feels its influ5ce b wi%es to p]petuate x4 ,! same rem>k applies to a great /ate--to ev]y?+1 9 %ort1 t man produces4 ,philologi/s wi% to p]petuate ! influ5ce ( antiquity3 & !y c set ab\t x only z imitative arti/s4 ,:y n z m5 :o =m _! lives aft] antiquity8 #di ,! decl9e ( ! poet-s*ol>s is due 9 great "p to _! own corruption3 _! type is cont9ually aris+ aga92 ,goe! & ,leop>di1 = example1 belong to x4 ,beh9d !m plod ! philologi/-savants4 ,?is type has its orig9 9 ! sophi/icism ( ! second c5tury4 #ej ,ah1 x is a sad /ory1 ! /ory ( philology6 ,! disgu/+ erudition1 ! lazy1 inactive passivity1 ! timid submission4--,:o 0 ev] free8 #ea ,:5 we exam9e ! hi/ory ( philology x is borne 9 ^u u h[ few really tal5t$ m5 h tak5 "p 9 x4 ,among ! mo/ celebrat$ philologi/s are a few :o ru9$ _! intellect by acquir+ a smatt]+ ( _m subjects1 & among ! mo/ enlight5$ ( !m 7 sev]al :o c\ld use _! intellect only = *ildi% tasks4 ,x is a sad /ory3 no sci5ce1 ,i ?9k1 has ev] be5 s poor 9 tal5t$ foll[]s4 ,^? :om we might call ! intellectually crippl$ f\nd a suitable hobby 9 all ?is hair-splitt+4 #eb ,! tea*] ( read+ & writ+1 & ! revis]1 7 ! fir/ types ( ! philologi/4 #ec ,fri$ri* ,augu/ ,wolf rem9ds u h[ appreh5sive & feeble 7 ! fir/ /eps tak5 by our ance/ors 9 m\ld+ s*ol>%ip--h[ ev5 ! ,lat9 classics1 = example1 _h to be smuggl$ into ! univ]sity m>ket "u all sorts ( pretexts1 z if !y _h be5 contrab& goods4 ,9 ! ,gtt+5 ,lexicon ( #agcg1 ,j4 ,m4 ,gesn] tells u ( ! ,odes ( ,horace3 ut imprimis1 quid prodesse 9 sev]ioribus /udiis poss9t1 o/5dat4 #ed ,i 0 pleas$ to read ( ,b5tley3 non tam gr&e pretium em5datiunculis meis /atu]e soleo1 ut s+ul>em aliquam gratiam inde sp]em aut exigam4 ,newton 0 surpris$ t m5 l ,b5tley & ,h>e %\ld qu>rel ab\t a book ( anci5t com$ies1 s9ce !y 7 bo? !ological dignit>ies4 #ee ,horace 0 summon$ by ,b5tley z be=e a judgm5t seat1 ! au?ority ( :i* he w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to repudiate4 ,! admiration :i* a discrim9at+ man acquires z a philologi/ is 9 proportion to ! r>ity ( ! discrim9ation to be f\nd 9 philologi/s4 ,b5tley's treatm5t ( ,horace has some?+ ( ! s*oolma/] ab\t x4 ,x w\ld appe> at fir/ sight z if ,horace himself 7 n ! object ( discussion1 b r ! v>i\s scribes & comm5tators :o h h&$ d[n ! text3 9 reality1 h[ev]1 x is actually ,horace :o is be+ dealt )4 ,x is my firm conviction t to h writt5 a s+le l9e :i* is deem$ wor?y ( be+ comm5t$ ^u by s*ol>s ( a lat] "t1 f> outweighs ! m]its ( ! greate/ critic4 ,!re is a pr(\nd mode/y ab\t philologi/s4 ,! improv+ ( texts is an ent]ta9+ piece ( "w = s*ol>s1 x is a k9d ( riddle-solv+2 b x %\ld n be look$ ^u z a v important task4 ,x w\ld be an argum5t aga9/ antiquity if x %\ld speak less cle>ly to u because a million words /ood 9 ! way6 #ef ,a s*ool-tea*] said to ,b5tley3 ,sir1 ,i w make y\r gr&*ild z great a s*ol> z y are y\rself4 ,h[ c y d t1 repli$ ,b5tley1 :5 ,i h =gott5 m ?an y ev] knew8 #eg ,b5tley's clev] daught] ,joanna once lam5t$ to h] fa!r t he _h devot$ 8 "t & tal5ts to ! criticism ( ! works ( o!rs in/ead ( writ+ some?+ orig9al4 ,b5tley rema9$ sil5t = "s "t z if he 7 turn+ ! matt] ov] 9 8 m9d4 ,at la/ he said t h] rem>k 0 q "r3 he himself felt t he might h direct$ 8 gifts 9 "s o!r *annel4 ,e>li] 9 life1 nev]!less1 he _h done some?+ = ! glory ( ,god & ! improvem5t ( 8 fell[-m5 7ref]r+ to 8 ,confutation ( ,a!ism71 b aft]w>ds ! g5ius ( ! pagans _h attract$ him1 &1 despair+ ( atta9+ _! level 9 any o!r way1 he _h m\nt$ ^u _! %\ld]s s t he might ?us be able to look ov] _! heads4 #eh ,b5tley1 says ,wolf1 bo? z man ( lett]s & individual1 0 misund]/ood & p]secut$ dur+ ! great] "p ( 8 life1 or else prais$ malici\sly4 ,m>kl&1 t[>ds ! end ( 8 life--z 0 ! case ) s _m o!rs l him--became imbu$ ) a repugnance = all s*ol>ly reputation1 to su* an ext5t1 inde$1 t he p>tly tore up & p>tly burnt sev]al works :i* he _h long _h 9 h&4 ,wolf says3 ,! am\nt ( intellectual food t c be got f well-dige/$ s*ol>%ip is a v insignificant item4 ,9 ,w9ckelmann's y\? !re 7 no philological /udies ap>t f ! ord9>y bread-w9n+ bran*es ( ! sci5ce--p read & expla9$ ! anci5ts 9 ord] to prep>e !mselves = ! bett] int]pretation ( ! ,bible & ! ,corpus ,juris4 #ei ,9 ,wolf's e/imation1 a man has rea*$ ! highe/ po9t ( hi/orical rese>* :5 he is able to take a wide & g5]al view ( ! :ole & ( ! pr(\ndly conceiv$ di/9ctions 9 ! developm5ts 9 art & ! diff]5t /yles ( art4 ,wolf ackn[l$ges1 h[ev]1 t ,w9ckelmann 0 lack+ 9 ! m common tal5t ( philological criticism1 or else he c\ld n use x prop]ly3 ,a r>e mixture ( a cool head & a m9ute & re/less solicitude = hundr$s ( ?+s :i*1 insignificant 9 !mselves1 7 comb9$ 9 8 case ) a fire t swall[$ up ^? little ?+s1 & ) a gift ( div9ation :i* is a vexation & an annoyance to ! un9itiat$4 #fj ,wolf draws our att5tion to ! fact t antiquity 0 acqua9t$ only ) !ories ( oratory & poetry :i* facilitat$ production1 & artes t =m$ real orators & poets1 :ile at ! pres5t day we %all soon h !ories ^u :i* x w\ld be z impossible to build up a spee* or a poem z x w\ld be to =m a ?und]/orm ^u a brontological treatise4 #fa ,wolf's judgm5t on ! amateurs ( philological k is notewor?y3 ,if !y f\nd !mselves provid$ by nature ) a m9d correspond+ to t ( ! anci5ts1 or if !y 7 capable ( adapt+ !mselves to o!r po9ts ( view & o!r circum/ances ( life1 !n1 ) ev5 a nodd+ acqua9tance ) ! be/ writ]s1 !y c]ta9ly acquir$ m f ^? vigor\s natures1 ^? spl5did examples ( ?9k+ & act+1 ?an mo/ ( ^? did :o dur+ _! :ole life m]ely (f]$ !mselves to !m z int]pret]s4 #fb ,says ,wolf aga93 ,9 ! end1 only ^? few ought to atta9 really complete k :o are born ) arti/ic tal5t & furni%$ ) s*ol>%ip1 & :o make use ( ! be/ opportunities ( secur+1 bo? !oretically & practically1 ! necess>y te*nical k4 ,true6 #fc ,in/ead ( =m+ our /ud5ts on ! ,lat9 models ,i recomm5d ! ,greek1 especially ,demo/h5es3 simplicity6 ,?is may be se5 by a ref]5ce to ,leop>di1 :o is p]haps ! greate/ /yli/ ( ! c5tury #fd ,classical education3 :at d p see 9 x8 ,some?+ t is useless beyond r5d]+ a p]iod ( milit>y s]vice unnecess>y & secur+ a degree6#f ,footnote #f3 ,/ud5ts :o pass c]ta9 exam9ations ne$ only s]ve "o ye> 9 ! ,g]man ,army in/ead ( ! usual two or ?ree4--,,tr4 #fe ,:5 ,i obs]ve h[ all c\ntries are n[ promot+ ! advancem5t ( classical lit]ature ,i say to myself1 ,h[ h>mless x mu/ be6 & !n1 ,h[ useful x mu/ be6 ,x br+s ^! c\ntries ! reputation ( promot+ free culture4 ,9 ord] t ?is fre$om may be rightly e/imat$1 j look at ! philologi/s6 #ff ,classical education6 ,yea1 if !re 7 only z mu* paganism z ,goe! f\nd & glorifi$ 9 ,w9ckelmann1 ev5 t w\ld n be mu*4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 t ! ly+ ,*ri/5dom ( our "t has tak5 hold ( x1 ! ?+ becomes ov]-p[]+1 & ,i _c help express+ my disgu/ on ! po9t4--,p firmly believe 9 wit*craft :]e ?is classical education is conc]n$4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 :o possess ! greate/ k ( antiquity %\ld likewise possess ! greate/ am\nt ( culture1 viz41 our philologi/s2 b :at is classical ab\t !m8 #fg ,classical philology is ! basis ( ! mo/ %all[ rationalism3 always hav+ be5 di%one/ly appli$1 x has gradually become q ineffective4 ,its effect is "o m illusion ( ! mod]n man4 ,philologi/s are no?+ b a guild ( sky-pilots :o are n kn[n z su*3 ?is is :y ! ,/ate takes an int]e/ 9 !m4 ,! utility ( classical education is completely us$ up1 :il/1 = example1 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity /ill %[s its p[]4 #fh ,philologi/s1 :5 discuss+ _! sci5ce1 nev] get d[n to ! root ( ! subject3 !y nev] set =? philology itself z a problem4 ,bad consci5ce8 or m]ely ?\ghtlessness8 #fi ,we le>n no?+ f :at philologi/s say ab\t philology3 x is all m]e tittle-tattle--= example1 ,jahn's#g ,! ,mean+ & ,place ( ! ,/udy ( ,antiquity 9 ,g]many4 ,!re is no feel+ = :at %\ld be protect$ & def5d$3 ?us speak p :o h n ev5 ?\ght ( ! possibility t any "o c\ld attack !m4 ,footnote #g3 ,otto ,jahn 7#ahac-fi71 :o is probably be/ rememb]$ 9 philological circles by 8 edition ( ,juv5al4--,,tr4 #gj ,philologi/s are p :o exploit ! vaguely-felt dissatisfaction ( mod]n man1 & 8 desire = some?+ bett]1 9 ord] t !y may e>n _! bread & butt]4 ,i "k !m--,i myself am "o ( !m4 #ga ,our philologi/s /& 9 ! same relation to true educators z ! m$ic9e-m5 ( ! wild ,indians d to true physicians4 ,:at a/oni%m5t w be felt by a lat] age6 #gb ,:at !y lack is a real ta/e = ! /rong & p[]ful *>act]i/ics ( ! anci5ts4 ,!y turn into m]e panegyri/s1 & ?us become ridicul\s4 #gc ,!y h =gott5 h[ to address o!r m52 &1 z !y _c speak to ! old] p1 !y _c d s to ! "y4 #gd ,:5 we br+ ! ,greeks to ! k ( our "y /ud5ts1 we are treat+ ! latt] z if !y 7 well-in=m$ & matur$ m54 ,:at1 inde$1 is !re ab\t ! ,greeks & _! ways :i* is suitable = ! "y8 ,9 ! end we %all f9d t we c d no?+ = !m beyond giv+ !m isolat$ details4 ,are ^! obs]vations = "y p8 ,:at we actually d1 h[ev]1 is to introduce our "y s*ol>s to ! collective wisdom ( antiquity4 ,or d we n8 ,! read+ ( ! anci5ts is emphasis$ 9 ?is way4 ,my belief is t we are =c$ to conc]n ourselves ) antiquity at a wrong p]iod ( our lives4 ,at ! end ( ! tw5ties its mean+ beg9s to dawn on "o4 #ge ,!re is some?+ disrespectful ab\t ! way 9 :i* we make our "y /ud5ts kn[n to ! anci5ts3 :at is worse1 x is unp$agogical2 = :at c result f a m]e acqua9tance ) ?+s :i* a y\? _c consci\sly e/eem6 ,p]haps he mu/ le>n to believe1 & ?is is :y ,i object to x4 #gf ,!re are matt]s reg>d+ :i* antiquity in/ructs u1 & ab\t :i* ,i %\ld h>dly c>e to express myself publicly4 #gg ,all ! difficulties ( hi/orical /udy to be elucidat$ by great examples4 ,:y our "y /ud5ts are n suit$ to ! ,greeks4 ,! consequ5ces ( philology3 ,arrogant expectation4 ,culture-phili/9ism4 ,sup]ficiality4 ,too high an e/eem = read+ & writ+4 ,e/rangem5t f ! nation & its ne$s4 ,! philologi/s !mselves1 ! hi/orians1 philosoph]s1 & juri/s all end 9 smoke4 ,our "y /ud5ts %\ld be br\ght into contact ) real sci5ces4 ,likewise ) real art4 ,9 consequ5ce1 :5 !y grew old]1 a desire = real hi/ory w\ld be %[n4 #gh ,inhumanity3 ev5 9 ! ,antigone1 ev5 9 ,goe!'s ,iphig5ia4 ,! want ( rationalism 9 ! ,greeks4 ,"y p _c und]/& ! political affairs ( antiquity4 ,! poetic elem5t3 a bad expectation4 #gi ,d ! philologi/s "k ! pres5t "t8 ,_! judgm5ts on x z ,p]iclean2 _! mi/ak5 judgm5ts :5 !y speak ( ,freytag's#h g5ius z resembl+ t ( ,hom]1 & s on2 _! foll[+ 9 ! lead ( ! litt]ateurs2 _! ab&onm5t ( ! pagan s5se1 :i* 0 exactly ! classical elem5t t ,goe! discov]$ 9 ,w9ckelmann4 ,footnote #h3 ,gu/av ,freytag3 at "o "t a fam\s ,g]man noveli/4 --,,tr4 #hj ,! condition ( ! philologi/s may be se5 by _! indiff]5ce at ! appe>ance ( ,wagn]4 ,!y %\ld h le>nt ev5 m ?r\gh him ?an ?r\gh ,goe!1 & !y did n ev5 glance 9 8 direction4 ,t %[s t !y are n actuat$ by any /rong ne$1 or else !y w\ld h an in/9ct to tell !m :]e _! food 0 to be f\nd4 #ha ,wagn] prizes 8 art too highly to g & sit 9 a corn] ) x1 l ,s*umann4 ,he ei!r surr5d]s himself to ! public 7,ri5zi7 or he makes ! public surr5d] itself to him4 ,he educates x up to 8 music4 ,m9or arti/s1 too1 want _! public1 b !y try to get x by in>ti/ic means1 su* z ?r\gh ! ,press1 ,hanslick1#i c4 ,footnote #i3 ,a well-kn[n anti-,wagn]ian musical critic ( ,vi5na4 --,,tr4 #hb ,wagn] p]fect$ ! inn] fancy ( man3 lat] g5]ations w see a r5aissance 9 sculpture4 ,poetry mu/ prec$e ! pla/ic art4 #hc ,i obs]ve 9 philologi/s3 #a4 ,want ( respect = antiquity4 #b4 ,t5d]ness & fl[]y oratory2 ev5 an apologetic tone4 #c4 ,simplicity 9 _! hi/orical comm5ts4 #d4 ,self-conceit4 #e4 ,"u-e/imation ( ! tal5t$ philologi/s4 #hd ,philologi/s appe> to me to be a secret society :o wi% to tra9 our y\? by means ( ! culture ( antiquity3 ,i c\ld well und]/& ?is society & _! views be+ criticis$ f all sides1 ,a great deal w\ld dep5d ^u kn[+ :at ^! philologi/s und]/ood by ! t]m culture ( antiquity4--,if ,i saw1 = example1 t !y 7 tra9+ _! pupils aga9/ ,g]man philosophy & ,g]man music1 ,i %\ld ei!r set ab\t combat+ !m or combat+ ! culture ( antiquity1 p]haps ! =m]1 by %[+ t ^! philologi/s _h n und]/ood ! culture ( antiquity4 ,n[ ,i obs]ve3 #a4 ,a great indecision 9 ! valuation ( ! culture ( antiquity on ! "p ( philologi/s4 #b4 ,some?+ v non-anci5t 9 !mselves2 some?+ non-free4 #c4 ,want ( cle>ness 9 reg>d to ! p>ticul> type ( anci5t culture !y mean4 #d4 ,want ( judgm5t 9 _! me?ods ( in/ruction1 e4g41 s*ol>%ip4 #e4 ,classical education is s]v$ out mix$ up ) ,*ri/ianity4 #he ,x is n[ no long] a matt] ( surprise to me t1 ) su* tea*]s1 ! education ( our "t %\ld be wor?less4 ,i c nev] avoid depict+ ?is want ( education 9 its true col\rs1 especially 9 reg>d to ^? ?+s :i* ought to be le>nt f antiquity if possible1 = example1 writ+1 speak+1 & s on4 #hf ,! transmission ( ! emotions is h]$it>y3 let t be recollect$ :5 we obs]ve ! effect ( ! ,greeks ^u philologi/s4 #hg ,ev5 9 ! be/ ( cases1 philologi/s seek = no m ?an m]e rationalism & ,alex&rian culture--n ,hell5ism4 #hh ,v little c be ga9$ by m]e dilig5ce1 if ! head is dull4 ,philologi/ aft] philologi/ has swoop$ d[n on ,hom] 9 ! mi/ak5 belief t some?+ ( him c be obta9$ by =ce4 ,antiquity speaks to u :5 x feels a desire to d s2 n :5 we d4 #hi ,! inh]it$ *>act]i/ic ( our pres5t-day philologi/s3 a c]ta9 /]ility oi insight has result$3 = !y promote ! sci5ce1 b n ! philologi/4 #ij ,! foll[+ is "o way ( c>ry+ on classical /udies1 & a frequ5t "o3 a man ?r[s himself ?\ghtlessly1 or is ?r[n1 into "s special bran* or o!r1 :5ce he looks to ! "r & left & sees a great deal t is good & new4 ,!n1 9 "s ungu>d$ mom5t1 he asks himself3 ,b :at ! devil has all ?is to d ) me8 ,9 ! meantime he has gr[n old & has become accu/om$ to x all2 & !re=e he cont9ues 9 8 rut--j z 9 ! case ( m>riage4 #ia ,9 connection ) ! tra9+ ( ! mod]n philologi/ ! influ5ce ( ! sci5ce ( l+ui/ics %\ld be m5tion$ & judg$2 a philologi/ %\ld r turn aside f x3 ! "q ( ! e>ly beg9n+s ( ! ,greeks & ,romans %\ld be no?+ to him3 h[ c !y spoil _! own subject 9 su* a way8 #ib ,a morbid passion (t5 makes its appe>ance f "t to "t 9 connection ) ! oppressive unc]ta9ty ( div9ation1 a passion = believ+ & feel+ sure at all co/s3 = example1 :5 deal+ ) ,ari/otle1 or 9 ! discov]y ( magic numb]s1 :i*1 9 ,la*mann's case1 is almo/ an illness4 #ic ,! consi/5cy :i* is priz$ 9 a savant is p$antry if appli$ to ! ,greeks4 #id 7,,! ,,greeks ,,& ,,! ,,philologi/s47 ,,! ,,greeks3 ,,! ,,philologi/s are3 r5d] homage to beauty1 babbl]s & trifl]s1 develop ! body1 ugly-look+ creatures1 speak cle>ly1 /amm]]s1 are religi\s transfigur]s fil?y p$ants1 ( ev]yday occurr5ces1 are li/5]s & obs]v]s1 quibbl]s & sc>ecr[s1 h an aptitude = ! unfitt$ = ! symbolical1 symbolical1 are 9 full possession ( ard5t slaves ( ! ,/ate1 _! fre$om z m51 c look innoc5tly out ,*ri/ians 9 disguise1 into ! _w1 are ! pessimi/s ( phili/9es4 ?\ght4 #ie ,b]gk's ,hi/ory ( ,lit]ature3 ,n a sp>k ( ,greek fire or ,greek s5se4 #if ,p really d comp>e our own age ) t ( ,p]icles1 & congratulate !mselves on ! reawak5+ ( ! feel+ ( patriotism3 ,i rememb] a p>ody on ! fun]al oration ( ,p]icles by ,g4 ,freytag1#aj 9 :i* ?is prim & /rait-lac$ poet depict$ ! happ9ess n[ exp]i5c$ by sixty-ye>-old m54--,all pure & simple c>icature6 ,s ?is is ! result6 ,& sorr[ & irony & seclusion are all t rema9 = him :o has se5 m ( antiquity ?an ?is4 ,footnote #aj3 ,see note on p4 #adi4--,,tr4 #ig ,if we *ange a s+le ^w ( ,"l ,bacon's we may say3 infim>um ,grcorum virtutum apud philologos laus e/1 m$i>um admiratio1 suprem>um s5sus nullus4 #ih ,h[ c anyone glorify & v5]ate a :ole p6 ,x is ! individuals t c\nt1 ev5 9 ! case ( ! ,greeks4 #ii ,!re is a great deal ( c>icature ev5 ab\t ! ,greeks3 = example1 ! c>eful att5tion devot$ by ! ,cynics to _! own happ9ess4 #ajj ,! only ?+ t int]e/s me is ! relation%ip ( ! p consid]$ z a :ole to ! tra9+ ( ! s+le individuals3 & 9 ! case ( ! ,greeks !re are "s factors :i* are v fav\rable to ! developm5t ( ! individual4 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 arise f ! goodwill ( ! p1 b f ! /ruggle betwe5 ! evil in/9cts4 ,by means ( happy inv5tions & discov]ies1 we c tra9 ! individual diff]5tly & m highly ?an has yet be5 done by m]e *ance & accid5t4 ,!re are /ill hopes3 ! bre$+ ( sup]ior m54 #aja ,! ,greeks are int]e/+ & q disproportionately important because !y _h su* a ho/ ( great individuals4 ,h[ 0 t possible8 ,?is po9t mu/ be /udi$4 #ajb ,! hi/ory ( ,greece has hi!rto always be5 writt5 optimi/ically4 #ajc ,select$ po9ts f antiquity3 ! p[]1 fire1 & sw+ ( ! feel+ ! anci5ts _h = music 7?r\gh ! fir/ ,py?ian ,ode71 purity 9 _! hi/orical s5se1 gratitude = ! bless+s ( culture1 ! fire & corn fea/s4 ,! ennoblem5t ( jeal\sy3 ! ,greeks ! mo/ jeal\s nation4 ,suicide1 hatr$ ( old age1 ( p5ury4 ,emp$ocles on sexual love4 #ajd ,nimble & heal?y bodies1 a cle> & deep s5se = ! obs]vation ( ev]yday matt]s1 manly fre$om1 belief 9 good racial desc5t & good upbr++1 w>like virtues1 jeal\sy 9 ! 1 delight 9 ! arts1 respect = leisure1 a s5se = free individuality1 = ! symbolical4 #aje ,! spiritual culture ( ,greece an ab]ration ( ! amaz+ political impulse t[>ds 4 ,! polis utt]ly oppos$ to new education2 culture nev]!less exi/$4 #ajf ,:5 ,i say t1 all ?+s consid]$1 ! ,greeks 7 m moral ?an mod]n m53 :at d ,i mean by t8 ,f :at we c p]ceive ( ! activities ( _! s\l1 x is cle> t !y _h no %ame1 !y _h no bad consci5ce4 ,!y 7 m s9c]e1 op5-he>t$1 & passionate1 z arti/s are2 !y exhibit$ a k9d ( *ild-l navet4 ,x ?us came ab\t t ev5 9 all _! evil actions !y _h a da% ( purity ab\t !m1 some?+ approa*+ ! holy4 ,a rem>kable numb] ( individualities3 might !re n h be5 a high] morality 9 t8 ,:5 we recollect t "* develops sl[ly1 :at c x be t1 9 ! long run1 bre$s individuality8 ,p]haps vanity1 emulation8 ,possibly4 ,little incl9ation = conv5tional ?+s4 #ajg ,! ,greeks z ! g5iuses among ! nations4 ,_! *ildlike nature1 cr$ul\sness4 ,passionate4 ,q unconsci\sly !y liv$ 9 su* a way z to procreate g5ius4 ,enemies ( %yness & dulness4 ,pa94 ,injudici\s actions4 ,! nature ( _! intuitive insight into mis]y1 despite _! bright & g5ial temp]am5t4 ,pr(\ndness 9 _! appreh5sion & glorify+ ( ev]yday ?+s 7fire1 agriculture74 ,m5daci\s1 unhi/orical4 ,! significance ( ! polis 9 culture in/9ctively recognis$2 fav\rable z a c5tre & p]iph]y = great m5 7! facility ( survey+ a community1 & also ! possibility ( address+ x z a :ole74 ,individuality rais$ to ! highe/ p[] ?r\gh ! polis4 ,envy1 jeal\sy1 z among gift$ p4 #ajh ,! ,greeks 7 lack+ 9 sobriety & caution4 ,ov]-s5sibility2 abnormally active condition ( ! bra9 & ! n]ves2 impetuosity & f]v\r ( ! w4 #aji ,inv>iably to see ! g5]al 9 ! p>ticul> is ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( g5ius1 says ,s*op5hau]4 ,?9k ( ,p9d>1 c4--1 accord+ to ,s*op5hau]1 has its roots 9 ! cle>ness ) :i* ! ,greeks saw into !mselves & into ! _w at l>ge1 & !nce became consci\s ( !mselves4 ,! wide sep>ation ( w & intellect indicates ! g5ius1 & is se5 9 ! ,greeks4 ,! melan*oly associat$ ) g5ius is due to ! fact t ! w to live1 ! m cle>ly x is illum9at$ by ! contemplat+ intellect1 appreciates all ! m cle>ly ! mis]y ( its condition1 says ,s*op5hau]4 ,cf4 ! ,greeks4 #aaj ,! mod]ation ( ! ,greeks 9 _! s5sual luxury1 eat+1 & dr9k+1 & _! pleasure !re92 ! ,olympic plays & _! wor%ip3 t %[s :at !y 74 ,9 ! case ( ! g5ius1 ! intellect w po9t out ! faults :i* are seldom abs5t 9 an in/rum5t t is put to a use = :i* x 0 n int5d$4 ,! w is (t5 left 9 ! lur* at an awkw>d mom5t3 h5ce g5ius1 :]e real life is conc]n$ is m or less unpractical--its behavi\r (t5 rem9ds u ( madness4 #aaa ,we contra/ ! ,romans1 ) _! matt]-(-fact e>ne/ness1 ) ! g5ial ,greeks6 ,s*op5hau]3 ,! /]n1 practical1 e>ne/ mode ( life :i* ! ,romans call$ gravitas presupposes t ! intellect does n =sake ! s]vice ( ! w 9 ord] to roam f> (f among ?+s t h no connection ) ! w4 #aab ,x w\ld h be5 mu* bett] if ! ,greeks _h be5 conqu]$ by ! ,p]sians in/ead ( by ! ,romans4 #aac ,! *>act]i/ics ( ! gift$ man :o is lack+ 9 g5ius are to be f\nd 9 ! av]age ,hell5e--all ! dang]\s *>act]i/ics ( su* a disposition & "*4 #aad ,g5ius makes tribut>ies ( all p>tly-tal5t$ p3 h5ce ! ,p]sians !mselves s5t _! ambassadors to ! ,greek oracles4 #aae ,! happie/ lot t c fall to ! g5ius is to ex*ange do+ & act+ = leisure2 & ?is 0 some?+ ! ,greeks knew h[ to value4 ,! bless+s ( lab\r6 ,nug>i 0 ! ,roman "n = all ! ex]tions & aspirations ( ! ,greeks4 ,no happy c\rse ( life is op5 to ! g5ius2 he /&s 9 contradiction to 8 age & mu/ p]=ce /ruggle ) x4 ,?us ! ,greeks3 !y in/9ctively made ! utmo/ ex]tions to secure a safe refuge = !mselves 79 ! polis74 ,f9ally1 ev]y?+ w5t to pieces 9 politics4 ,!y 7 compell$ to take up a /& aga9/ _! enemies3 ?is became ev] m & m difficult1 & at la/ impossible4 #aaf ,greek culture is bas$ on ! lord%ip ( a small class ov] f\r to n9e times _! numb] ( slaves4 ,judg$ by m]e numb]s1 ,greece 0 a c\ntry inhabit$ by b>b>ians4 ,h[ c ! anci5ts be ?\ght to be humane8 ,!re 0 a great contra/ betwe5 ! g5ius & ! breadw9n]1 ! half-bea/ ( burd54 ,! ,greeks believ$ 9 a racial di/9ction4 ,s*op5hau] wond]s :y ,nature did n take x into h] head to inv5t two entirely sep>ate species ( m54 ,! ,greeks be> ! same relation to ! b>b>ians z free-mov+ or w+$ animals d to ! b>nacles :i* cl+ tightly to ! rocks & mu/ await :at fate *ooses to s5d !m--,s*op5hau]'s simile4 #aag ,! ,greeks z ! only p ( g5ius 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,su* !y are ev5 :5 consid]$ z le>n]s2 = !y und]/& ?is be/ ( all1 & c d m ?an m]ely trim & adorn !mselves ) :at !y h borr[$1 z did ! ,romans4 ,! con/itution ( ! polls is a ,phnician inv5tion3 ev5 ?is has be5 imitat$ by ! ,hell5es4 ,= a long "t !y dabbl$ 9 ev]y?+1 l joyful dilettanti4 ,aphrodite is likewise ,phnician4 ,nei!r d !y disav[ :at has come to !m ?r\gh immigration & does n orig9ally belong to _! own c\ntry4 #aah ,! happy & com=table con/itution ( ! politico-social position mu/ n be s\ght among ! ,greeks3 t is a goal :i* dazzles ! eyes ( our dream]s ( ! future6 ,x 01 on ! contr>y1 dreadful2 = ?is is a matt] t mu/ be judg$ accord+ to ! foll[+ /&>d3 ! m _s1 ! m suff]+ 7z ! ,greeks !mselves prove74 ,:5ce x foll[s3 ! m /upidity1 ! m com=t4 ,! phili/9e ( culture is ! mo/ com=table creature ! sun has ev] %one ^u3 & he is d\btless also 9 possession ( ! correspond+ /upidity4 #aai ,! ,greek polis & ! grew up out ( mutual enmity4 ,hell5ic & philan?ropic are contr>y adjectives1 al?\gh ! anci5ts flatt]$ !mselves suffici5tly4 ,hom] is1 9 ! _w ( ! ,hell5ic discord1 ! pan-,hell5ic ,greek4 ,! ( ! ,greeks is also manife/$ 9 ! ,symposium 9 ! %ape ( witty conv]sation4 #abj ,wanton1 mutual annihilation inevitable3 s long z a s+le polis wi%$ to exi/--its envy = ev]y?+ sup]ior to itself1 its cupidity1 ! disord] ( its cu/oms1 ! enslavem5t ( ! wom51 lack ( consci5ce 9 ! keep+ ( oa?s1 9 murd]1 & 9 cases ( viol5t dea?4 ,trem5d\s p[] ( self-control3 = example 9 a man l ,socrates1 :o 0 capable ( ev]y?+ evil4 #aba ,its noble s5se ( ord] & sy/ematic arrangem5t _h r5d]$ ! ,a!nian /ate immortal4--,! t5 /rategi/s 9 ,a!ns6 ,fooli%6 ,too big a sacrifice on ! alt> ( jeal\sy4 #abb ,! recreations ( ! ,sp>tans consi/$ ( fea/+1 hunt+1 & mak+ w>3 _! e-day life 0 too h>d4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 _! /ate is m]ely a c>icature ( ! polis2 a corruption ( ,hellas4 ,! bre$+ ( ! complete ,sp>tan--b :at 0 !re great ab\t him t 8 bre$+ %\ld h requir$ su* a brutal /ate6 #abc ,! political defeat ( ,greece is ! greate/ failure ( culture2 = x has giv5 rise to ! atroci\s !ory t culture _c be pursu$ unless "o is at ! same "t arm$ to ! tee?4 ,! rise ( ,*ri/ianity 0 ! second greate/ failure3 brute =ce on ! "o h&1 & a dull intellect on ! o!r1 won a complete victory ov] ! ari/ocratic g5ius among ! nations4 ,to be a ,philhell5i/ n[ means to be a foe ( brute =ce & /upid intellects4 ,sp>ta 0 ! ru9 ( ,a!ns 9 s f> z %e compell$ ,a!ns to turn h] entire att5tion to politics & to act z a f$]al comb9ation4 #abd ,!re are doma9s ( ?\ght :]e ! ratio w only give rise to disord]2 & ! philologi/1 :o possesses no?+ m1 is lo/ ?r\gh x & is unable to see ! tru?3 e4g41 9 ! consid]ation ( ,greek my?ology4 ,a m]ely fanta/ic p]son1 ( c\rse1 has no claim ei!r3 "o mu/ possess ,greek imag9ation & also a c]ta9 am\nt ( ,greek piety4 ,ev5 ! poet does n require to be too consi/5t1 & consi/5cy is ! la/ ?+ ,greeks w\ld und]/&4 #abe ,almo/ all ! ,greek div9ities are accumulations ( div9ities3 we f9d "o lay] ov] ano!r1 soon to be hidd5 & smoo!d d[n by yet a ?ird1 & s on4 ,x sc>cely seems to me to be possible to pick ^! v>i\s div9ities to pieces 9 a sci5tific mann]2 = no good me?od ( do+ s c be recomm5d$3 ev5 ! poor conclusion by analogy is 9 ?is in/ance a v good conclusion4 #abf ,at :at a di/ance mu/ "o be f ! ,greeks to ascribe to !m su* a /upidly n>r[ auto*?ony z does ,ottfri$ ,mll]6#aa ,h[ ,*ri/ian x is to assume1 ) ,welck]1#ab t ! ,greeks 7 orig9ally mono!i/ic6 ,h[ philologi/s torm5t !mselves by inve/igat+ ! "q :e!r ,hom] actually wrote1 )\t be+ able to grasp ! f> high] t5et t ,greek art long exhibit$ an inw>d enmity aga9/ writ+1 & did n wi% to be read at all4 ,footnote #aa3 ,k>l ,ottfri$ ,mll] 7#agig-ahdj71 classical ar*ologi/1 :o devot$ special att5tion to ,greece4--,,tr4 ,footnote #ab3 ,fri$ri* ,gottlieb ,welck] 7#aghd-ahfh71 not$ = 8 ultra-pr(\nd comm5ts on ,greek poetry4--,,tr4 #abg ,9 ! religi\s cultus an e>li] degree ( culture comes to light3 a remnant ( =m] times4 ,! ages t celebrate x are n ^? :i* inv5t x2 ! contr>y is (t5 ! case4 ,!re are _m contra/s to be f\nd "h4 ,! ,greek cultus takes u back to a pre-,hom]ic disposition & culture4 ,x is almo/ ! olde/ t we "k ( ! ,greeks--old] ?an _! my?ology1 :i* _! poets h consid]ably rem\ld$1 s f> z we "k x--,c ?is cult really be call$ ,greek8 ,i d\bt x3 !y are f9i%]s1 n inv5tors4 ,!y pres]ve by means ( ?is beautiful completion & adornm5t4 #abh ,x is exce$+ly d\btful :e!r we %\ld draw any conclusion 9 reg>d to nationality & relation%ip ) o!r nations f languages4 ,a victori\s language is no?+ b a frequ5t 7& n always regul>7 indication ( a successful campaign4 ,:]e c\ld !re h be5 auto*?on\s peoples6 ,x %[s a v hazy conception ( ?+s to talk ab\t ,greeks :o nev] liv$ 9 ,greece4 ,t :i* is really ,greek is mu* less ! result ( natural aptitude ?an ( adapt$ in/itutions1 & also ( an acquir$ language4 #abi ,to live on m\nta9s1 to travel a great deal1 & to move quickly f "o place to ano!r3 9 ^! ways we c n[ beg9 to comp>e ourselves ) ! ,greek gods4 ,we "k ! pa/1 too1 & we almo/ "k ! future4 ,:at w\ld a ,greek say1 if only he c\ld see u6 #acj ,! gods make m5 /ill m evil2 ?is is ! nature ( man4 ,if we d n l a man1 we wi% t he may become worse ?an he is1 & !n we are glad4 ,?is =ms "p ( ! obscure philosophy ( hate--a philosophy :i* has nev] yet be5 writt51 because x is ev]y:]e ! pud5dum t e "o feels4 #aca ,! pan-,hell5ic ,hom] f9ds 8 delight 9 ! frivolity ( ! gods2 b x is a/\nd+ h[ he c also give !m dignity aga94 ,?is amaz+ ability to raise "o's self aga91 h[ev]1 is ,greek4 #acb ,:at1 !n1 is ! orig9 ( ! envy ( ! gods8 p did n believe 9 a calm1 quiet happ9ess1 b only 9 an exub]ant "o4 ,?is mu/ h caus$ "s displeasure to ! ,greeks2 = _! s\l 0 only too easily w\nd$3 x embitt]$ !m to see a happy man4 ,t is ,greek4 ,if a man ( di/+ui%$ tal5t appe>$1 ! flock ( envi\s p mu/ h become a/oni%+ly l>ge4 ,if any "o met ) a mis=tune1 !y w\ld say ( him3 ,ah6 no wond]6 he 0 too frivol\s & too well (f4 ,& e "o ( !m w\ld h behav$ exub]antly if he _h possess$ ! requisite tal5t1 & w\ld will+ly h play$ ! rle ( ! god :o s5t ! unhapp9ess to m54 #acc ,! ,greek gods did n dem& any complete *anges ( "*1 & 71 g5]ally speak+1 by no means burd5some or importunate3 x 0 ?us possible to take !m s]i\sly & to believe 9 !m4 ,at ! "t ( ,hom]1 inde$1 ! nature ( ! ,greek 0 =m$3 flippancy ( images & imag9ation 0 necess>y to light5 ! weight ( its passionate disposition & to set x free4 #acd ,e religion has = its highe/ images an analogon 9 ! spiritual condition ( ^? :o pr(ess x4 ,! ,god ( ,mohamm$3 ! solit>9ess ( ! des]t1 ! di/ant ro> ( ! lion1 ! vision ( a =midable w>rior4 ,! ,god ( ! ,*ri/ians3 ev]y?+ t m5 & wom5 ?9k ( :5 !y he> ! ^w love4 ,! ,god ( ! ,greeks3 a beautiful app>ition 9 a dream4 #ace ,a great deal ( intellig5ce mu/ h gone to ! mak+ up ( a ,greek poly!ism3 ! exp5diture ( intellig5ce is mu* less lavi% :5 p h only "o ,god4 #acf ,greek morality is n bas$ on religion1 b on ! polis4 ,!re 7 only prie/s ( ! individual gods2 n repres5tatives ( ! :ole religion3 i4e41 no guild ( prie/s4 ,likewise no ,holy ,writ4 #acg ,! ligh!>t$ gods3 ?is is ! highe/ adornm5t :i* has ev] be5 be/[$ ^u ! _w--) ! feel+1 ,h[ difficult x is to live6 #ach ,if ! ,greeks let _! reason speak1 _! life seems to !m bitt] & t]rible4 ,!y are n deceiv$4 ,b !y play r\nd life ) lies3 ,simonides advises !m to treat life z !y w\ld a play2 e>ne/ness 0 only too well kn[n to !m 9 ! =m ( pa94 ,! mis]y ( m5 is a pleasure to ! gods :5 !y he> ! poets s++ ( x4 ,well did ! ,greeks "k t only ?r\gh art c\ld ev5 mis]y itself become a s\rce ( pleasure2 vide tragdiam4 #aci ,x is q untrue to say t ! ,greeks only took ?is life into _! consid]ation--!y suff]$ also f ?\ghts ( dea? & ,hell4 ,b no rep5tance or contrition4 #adj ,! inc>nate appe>ance ( gods1 z 9 ,sappho's invocation to ,aphrodite1 mu/ n be tak5 z poetic lic5ce3 !y are frequ5tly halluc9ations4 ,we conceive ( a great _m ?+s1 includ+ ! w to die1 too sup]ficially z rhetorical4 #ada ,! m>tyr is ,hell5ic3 ,prome!us1 ,h]cules4 ,! h]o-my? became pan-,hell5ic3 a poet mu/ h _h a h& 9 t6 #adb ,h[ reali/ic ! ,greeks 7 ev5 9 ! doma9 ( pure inv5tions6 ,!y poetis$ reality1 n ye>n+ to lift !mselves out ( x4 ,! rais+ ( ! pres5t into ! colossal & et]nal1 e4g41 by ,p9d>4 #adc ,:at condition d ! ,greeks premise z ! model ( _! life 9 ,hades8 ,anmic1 dreamlike1 weak3 x is ! cont9u\s acc5tuation ( old age1 :5 ! memory gradually becomes weak] & weak]1 & ! body /ill m s4 ,! s5ility ( s5ility3 ?is w\ld be our /ate ( life 9 ! eyes ( ! ,hell5es4 #add ,! nave "* ( ! ,greeks obs]v$ by ! ,egyptians4 #ade ,! truly sci5tific p1 ! lit]>y p1 7 ! ,egyptians & n ! ,greeks4 ,t :i* has ! appe>ance ( sci5ce among ! ,greeks1 orig9at$ among ! ,egyptians & lat] on return$ to !m to m+le aga9 ) ! old curr5t4 ,alex&rian culture is an amalgamation ( ,hell5ic & ,egyptian3 & :5 our _w aga9 f\nds its culture ^u ! ,alex&rian culture1 !n 444#ac ,footnote #ac3 ,we %all once aga9 be %ipwreck$4 ,! omission is 9 ! orig9al4--,,tr4 #adf ,! ,egyptians are f> m ( a lit]>y p ?an ! ,greeks4 ,i ma9ta9 ?is aga9/ ,wolf4 ,! fir/ gra9 9 ,eleusis1 ! fir/ v9e 9 ,!bes1 ! fir/ olive-tree & fig-tree4 ,! ,egyptians _h lo/ a great "p ( _! my?ology4 #adg ,! unma!matical undulation ( ! column 9 ,pae/um is analog\s to ! modification ( ! tempo3 animation 9 place ( a me*anical movem5t4 #adh ,! desire to f9d some?+ c]ta9 & fix$ 9 /hetic l$ to ! wor%ip ( ,ari/otle3 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t we may gradually come to see f 8 works t he und]/ood no?+ ab\t art2 & t x is m]ely ! intellectual conv]sations ( ! ,a!nians1 e*o+ 9 8 pages1 :i* we admire4 #adi ,9 ,socrates we h z x 7 ly+ op5 be=e u a specim5 ( ! consci\sness out ( :i*1 lat] on1 ! in/9cts ( ! !oretic man orig9at$3 t "o w\ld r die ?an gr[ old & weak 9 m9d4 #aej ,at ! twilight ( antiquity !re 7 /ill :olly un*ri/ian figures1 :i* 7 m beautiful1 h>moni\s1 & pure ?an ^? ( any ,*ri/ians3 e4g41 ,proclus4 ,8 my/icism & syncretism 7 ?+s t precisely ,*ri/ianity _c reproa* him )4 ,9 any case1 x w\ld be my desire to live toge!r ) su* p4 ,9 comp>ison ) !m ,*ri/ianity looks l "s crude brutalisation1 organis$ = ! b5efit ( ! mob & ! crim9al classes4 ,proclus1 :o solemnly invokes ! ris+ moon4 #aea ,) ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity a religion atta9$ ! ma/]y :i* correspond$ to a pre-,greek condition ( mank9d3 belief 9 wit*craft 9 connection ) all & ev]y?+1 bloody sacrifices1 sup]/iti\s fe> ( demoniacal puni%m5ts1 despair 9 "o's self1 ec/atic brood+ & halluc9ation2 man's self become ! ar5a ( good & evil spirits & _! /ruggles4 #aeb ,all bran*es ( hi/ory h exp]im5t$ ) antiquity3 critical consid]ation alone rema9s4 ,by ?is t]m ,i d n mean conjectural & lit]>y-hi/orical criticism4 #aec ,antiquity has be5 treat$ by all k9ds ( hi/orians & _! me?ods4 ,we h n[ _h en\gh exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 to turn ! hi/ory ( antiquity to acc\nt )\t be+ %ipwreck$ on antiquity itself4 #aed ,we c n[ look back ov] a fairly long p]iod ( human exi/5ce3 :at w ! humanity be l :i* is able to look back at u f an equally long di/ance8 :i* f9ds u ly+ intoxicat$ among ! debris ( old culture6 :i* f9ds its only consolation 9 be+ good & 9 hold+ out ! help+ h&1 & turns away f all o!r consolations6--,does beauty1 too1 gr[ out ( ! anci5t culture8 ,i ?9k t our ugl9ess arises f our metaphysical remnants3 our confus$ morals1 ! wor?lessness ( our m>riages1 & s on1 are ! cause4 ,! beautiful man1 ! heal?y1 mod]ate1 & ent]pris+ man1 m\lds ! objects ar\nd him into beautiful %apes aft] 8 own image4 #aee ,up to ! pres5t "t all hi/ory has be5 writt5 f ! /&po9t ( success1 &1 inde$1 ) ! assumption ( a c]ta9 reason 9 ?is success4 ,?is rem>k applies also to ,greek hi/ory3 s f> we d n possess any4 ,x is ! same all r\nd1 h[ev]3 :]e are ! hi/orians :o c survey ?+s & ev5ts )\t be+ hum-bugg$ by /upid !ories8 ,i "k ( only "o1 ,burckh>dt4 ,ev]y:]e ! wide/ possible optimism prevails 9 sci5ce4 ,! "q3 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! consequ5ce if s & s _h n happ5$8 is almo/ unanim\sly ?ru/ aside1 & yet x is ! c>d9al "q4 ,?us ev]y?+ becomes ironical4 ,let u only consid] our own lives4 ,if we exam9e hi/ory 9 accordance ) a preconceiv$ plan1 let ?is plan be s\ght 9 ! purposes ( a great man1 or p]haps 9 ^? ( a sex1 or ( a p>ty4 ,ev]y?+ else is a *aos4--,ev5 9 natural sci5ce we f9d ?is deification ( ! necess>y4 ,g]many has become ! bre$+-place ( ?is hi/orical optimism2 ,hegel is p]haps to blame = ?is4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 is m responsible = ! fatal influ5ce ( ,g]man culture4 ,ev]y?+ t has be5 kept d[n by success gradually re>s itself up3 hi/ory z ! scorn ( ! conqu]or2 a s]vile s5tim5t & a kneel+ d[n be=e ! actual fact--a s5se = ! ,/ate1 !y n[ call x1 z if t _h /ill to be propagat$6 ,he :o does n und]/& h[ brutal & un9tellig5t hi/ory is w nev] und]/& ! /imulus to make x intellig5t4 ,j ?9k h[ r>e x is to f9d a man ) z great an intellig5t k ( 8 own life z ,goe! _h3 :at am\nt ( rationality c we expect to f9d aris+ out ( ^! o!r veil$ & bl9d exi/5ces z !y "w *aotically ) & 9 opposition to ea* o!r8 ,& x is especially nave :5 ,hellwald1 ! au?or ( a hi/ory ( culture1 w>ns u away f all ideals1 simply because hi/ory has kill$ !m (f "o aft] ! o!r #aef ,to br+ to light )\t res]ve ! /upidity & ! want ( reason 9 human ?+s3 t is ! aim ( our bre?r5 & colleagues4 ,p w !n h to di/+ui% :at is ess5tial 9 !m1 :at is incorrigible1 & :at is /ill susceptible ( fur!r improvem5t4 ,b ,provid5ce mu/ be kept out ( ! "q1 = x is a conception t enables p to take ?+s too easily4 ,i wi% to brea! ! brea? ( ?is purpose into sci5ce4 ,let u advance our k ( mank9d6 ,! good & rational 9 man is accid5tal or app>5t1 or ! contr>y ( some?+ v irrational4 ,!re w come a "t :5 tra9+ w be ! only ?\ght4 #aeg ,surr5d] to necessity is exactly :at ,i d n tea*--= "o mu/ fir/ "k ?is necessity to be necess>y4 ,!re may p]haps be _m necessities2 b 9 g5]al ?is incl9ation is simply a b$ ( idl5ess4 #aeh ,to "k hi/ory n[ means3 to recognise h[ all ^? :o believ$ 9 a ,provid5ce took ?+s too easily4 ,!re is no su* ?+4 ,if human affairs are se5 to g =w>d 9 a loose & disord]$ way1 d n ?9k t a god has any purpose 9 view by lett+ !m d s or t he is neglect+ !m4 ,we c n[ see 9 a g5]al way t ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity on e>? has be5 "o ( ! mo/ dreadful *apt]s 9 hi/ory1 & t a /op mu/ be put to x4 ,true1 ! influ5ce ( antiquity has be5 obs]v$ 9 ,*ri/ianity ev5 9 our own "t2 &1 z x dim9i%es1 s w our k ( antiquity dim9i% also to an ev5 great] ext5t4 ,n[ is ! be/ "t to recognise x3 we are no long] prejudic$ 9 fav\r ( ,*ri/ianity1 b we /ill und]/& x1 & also ! antiquity t =ms "p ( x1 s f> z ?is antiquity /&s 9 l9e ) ,*ri/ianity4 #aei ,philosophic heads mu/ occupy !mselves "o day ) ! collective acc\nt ( antiquity & make up its balance-%eet4 ,if we h ?is1 antiquity w be ov]come4 ,all ! %ortcom+s :i* n[ vex u h _! roots 9 antiquity1 s t we _c cont9ue to treat ?is acc\nt ) ! mildness :i* has be5 cu/om>y up to ! pres5t4 ,! atroci\s crime ( mank9d :i* r5d]$ ,*ri/ianity possible1 z x actually became possible1 is ! guilt ( antiquity4 ,) ,*ri/ianity antiquity w also be cle>$ away4--,at ! pres5t "t x is n s v f> beh9d u1 & x is c]ta9ly n possible to d ju/ice to x4 ,x has be5 avail$ ( 9 ! mo/ dreadful fa%ion = purposes ( repression1 & has act$ z a support = religi\s oppression by disguis+ itself z culture4 ,x 0 common to he> ! say+1 ,antiquity has be5 conqu]$ by ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is 0 a hi/orical fact1 & x 0 ?us ?\ght t no h>m c\ld come ( any deal+s ) antiquity4 ,yes2 x is s plausible to say t we f9d ,*ri/ian e?ics deep] ?an ,socrates6 ,plato 0 easi] to compete )6 ,we are at ! pres5t "t1 s to speak1 m]ely *ew+ ! cud ( ! v battle :i* 0 f\ght 9 ! fir/ c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era--) ! exception ( ! fact t n[1 in/ead ( ! cle>ly p]ceptible antiquity :i* !n exi/$1 we h m]ely its pale gho/2 &1 inde$1 ev5 ,*ri/ianity itself has become r gho/like4 ,x is a battle f\ght aft] ! decisive battle1 a po/-vibration4 ,9 ! end1 all ! =ces ( :i* antiquity consi/$ h reappe>$ 9 ,*ri/ianity 9 ! crude/ possible =m3 x is no?+ new1 only quantitatively extraord9>y4 #afj ,:at sev]s u = ev] f ! culture ( antiquity is ! fact t its f\ndations h become too %aky = u4 ,a criticism ( ! ,greeks is at ! same "t a criticism ( ,*ri/ianity2 = ! bases ( ! _s ( belief1 ! religi\s cult1 & wit*craft1 are ! same 9 bo?4--,!re are _m rudim5t>y /ages /ill rema9+2 b !y are by ?is "t almo/ ready to collapse4 ,?is w\ld be a task3 to *>act]ise ,greek antiquity z irretrievably lo/1 & ) x ,*ri/ianity also & ! f\ndations ^u :i*1 up to ! pres5t "t1 our society & politics h be5 bas$4 #afa ,*ri/ianity has conqu]$ antiquity--yes2 t is easily said4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is itself a piece ( antiquity2 9 ! second place1 x has pres]v$ antiquity2 9 ! ?ird place1 x has nev] be5 9 combat ) ! pure ages ( antiquity4 ,or r3 9 ord] t ,*ri/ianity itself might rema91 x _h to let itself be ov]come by ! _s ( antiquity--= example1 ! idea ( empire1 ! community1 & s =?4 ,we are suff]+ f ! uncommon want ( cle>ness & uncleanl9ess ( human ?+s2 f ! +5i\s m5dacity :i* ,*ri/ianity has br\ght among m54 #afb ,x is almo/ laughable to see h[ ne>ly all ! sci5ces & arts ( mod]n times gr[ f ! scatt]$ se$s :i* h be5 waft$ t[>ds u f antiquity1 & h[ ,*ri/ianity seems to u "h to be m]ely ! evil *ill ( a long night1 a night dur+ :i* "o is almo/ incl9$ to believe t all is ov] ) reason & hone/y among m54 ,! battle wag$ aga9/ ! natural man has giv5 rise to ! unnatural man4 #afc ,) ! dissolution ( ,*ri/ianity a great "p ( antiquity has become incompreh5sible to u1 = in/ance1 ! entire religi\s basis ( life4 ,on ?is acc\nt an imitation ( antiquity is a false t5d5cy3 ! betray]s or ! betray$ are ! philologi/s :o /ill ?9k ( su* a ?+4 ,we live 9 a p]iod :5 _m diff]5t conceptions ( life are to be f\nd3 h5ce ! pres5t age is in/ructive to an unusual degree2 & h5ce also ! reason :y x is s ill1 s9ce x suff]s f ! evils ( all its t5d5cies at once4 ,! man ( ! future3 ! ,european man4 #afd ,! ,g]man ,re=mation wid5$ ! gap betwe5 u & antiquity3 0 x necess>y = x to d s8 ,x once aga9 introduc$ ! old contra/ ( ,paganism & ,*ri/ianity2 & x 0 at ! same "t a prote/ aga9/ ! decorative culture ( ! ,r5aissance--x 0 a victory ga9$ ov] ! same culture z _h =m]ly be5 conqu]$ by e>ly ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 reg>d to worldly ?+s1 ,*ri/ianity pres]v$ ! gross] views ( ! anci5ts4 ,all ! nobl] elem5ts 9 m>riage1 slav]y1 & ! ,/ate are un*ri/ian4 ,x requir$ ! di/ort+ *>act]i/ics ( worldl9ess to prove itself4 #afe ,! connection betwe5 humanism & religi\s rationalism 0 emphasis$ z a ,saxonian trait by ,k*ly3 ! type ( ?is philologi/ is ,gottfri$ ,h]mann4#ad ,footnote #ad3 ,johann ,gottfri$ ,jakob ,h]mann 7#aggb-ahdh71 not$ = 8 works on metre & ,greek gramm>4--,,tr4 #aff ,i und]/& religions z n>cotics3 b :5 !y are giv5 to su* nations z ! ,g]mans1 ,i ?9k !y are simply rank poison4 #afg ,all religions are1 9 ! end1 bas$ ^u c]ta9 physical assumptions1 :i* are already 9 exi/5ce & adapt ! religions to _! ne$s3 = example1 9 ,*ri/ianity1 ! contra/ betwe5 body & s\l1 ! unlimit$ importance ( ! e>? z ! _w1 ! m>vell\s occurr5ces 9 nature4 ,if once ! opposite views ga9 ! ma/]y--= in/ance1 a /rict law ( nature1 ! helplessness & sup]flu\sness ( all gods1 ! /rict conception ( ! s\l z a bodily process--all is ov]4 ,b all ,greek culture is bas$ ^u su* views4 #afh ,:5 we look f ! "* & culture ( ! ,ca?olic ,middle ,ages back to ! ,greeks1 we see !m respl5d5t inde$ 9 ! rays ( high] humanity2 =1 if we h any?+ to reproa* ^! ,greeks )1 we mu/ reproa* ! ,middle ,ages ) x also to a mu* great] ext5t4 ,! wor%ip ( ! anci5ts at ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance 0 !re=e q hone/ & prop]4 ,we h c>ri$ matt]s fur!r 9 "o p>ticul> po9t1 precisely 9 connection ) t dawn+ ray ( light4 ,we h out/ripp$ ! ,greeks 9 ! cl>ify+ ( ! _w by our /udies ( nature & m54 ,our k is mu* great]1 & our judgm5ts are m mod]ate & j4 ,9 addition to ?is1 a m g5tle _s has become widespread1 ?anks to ! p]iod ( illum9ation :i* has weak5$ mank9d--b ?is weakness1 :5 turn$ into morality1 leads to good results & hon\rs u4 ,man has n[ a great deal ( fre$om3 x is 8 own fault if he does n make m use ( x ?an he does2 ! fanaticism ( op9ions has become mu* mild]4 ,f9ally1 t we w\ld mu* r live 9 ! pres5t age ?an 9 any o!r is due to sci5ce2 & c]ta9ly no o!r race 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d has _h su* a wide *oice ( noble enjoym5ts z ours--ev5 if our race has n ! palate & /oma* to exp]i5ce a great deal ( joy4 ,b "o c live com=tably amid all ?is fre$om only :5 "o m]ely und]/&s x & does n wi% to p>ticipate 9 x--t is ! mod]n crux4 ,! p>ticipants appe> to be less attractive ?an ev]3 h[ /upid !y mu/ be6 ,?us ! dang] arises t k may av5ge itself on u1 j z ignorance av5g$ itself on u dur+ ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x is all ov] ) ^? religions :i* place _! tru/ 9 gods1 ,provid5ces1 rational ord]s ( ! univ]se1 miracles1 & sacram5ts2 z is also ! case ) c]ta9 types ( holy lives1 su* z ascetics2 = we only too easily conclude t su* p are ! effects ( sickness & an ab]rant bra94 ,!re is no d\bt t ! contra/ betwe5 a pure1 incorporeal s\l & a body has be5 almo/ set aside4 ,:o n[ believes 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l6 ,ev]y?+ connect$ ) bless$ness or damnation1 :i* 0 bas$ ^u c]ta9 errone\s physiological assumptions1 falls to ! gr\nd z soon z ^! assumptions are recognis$ to be errors4 ,our sci5tific assumptions admit j z mu* ( an int]pretation & utilisation 9 fav\r ( a besott+ phili/9ism--yea1 9 fav\r ( be/iality--z also 9 fav\r ( bless$ness & s\l-inspiration4 ,z comp>$ ) all previ\s ages1 we are n[ /&+ on a new f\ndation1 s t some?+ may /ill be expect$ f ! human race4 ,z reg>ds culture1 we h hi!rto be5 acqua9t$ ) only "o complete =m ( x1 i4e41 ! city-culture ( ! ,greeks1 bas$ z x 0 on _! my?ical & social f\ndations2 & "o incomplete =m1 ! ,roman1 :i* act$ z an adornm5t ( life1 d]iv$ f ! ,greek4 ,n[ all ^! bases1 ! my?ical & ! politico-social1 h *ang$2 our alleg$ culture has no /ability1 because x has be5 erect$ ^u insecure conditions & op9ions :i* are ev5 n[ almo/ ready to collapse4--,:5 we ?or\ghly grasp ,greek culture1 !n1 we see t x is all ov] ) x4 ,! philologi/ is ?us a great sceptic 9 ! pres5t conditions ( our culture & tra9+3 t is 8 mission4 ,happy is he if1 l ,wagn] & ,s*op5hau]1 he has a dim pres5tim5t ( ^? auspici\s p[]s amid :i* a new culture is /irr+4 #afi ,^? :o say3 ,b antiquity nev]!less rema9s z a subject ( consid]ation = pure sci5ce1 ev5 ?\gh all its educational purposes may be dis[n$1 mu/ be answ]$ by ! words1 ,:at is pure sci5ce "h6 ,actions & *>act]i/ics mu/ be judg$2 & ^? :o judge !m mu/ /& above !m3 s y mu/ fir/ devote y\r att5tion to ov]com+ antiquity4 ,if y d n d t1 y\r sci5ce is n pure1 b impure & limit$3 z may n[ be p]ceiv$4 #agj ,to ov]come ,greek antiquity ?r\gh our own de$s3 ?is w\ld be ! "r task4 ,b be=e we c d ?is we mu/ fir/ "k x6--,!re is a ?or\ghness :i* is m]ely an excuse = inaction4 ,let x be recollect$ h[ mu* ,goe! knew ( antiquity3 c]ta9ly n s mu* z a philologi/1 & yet suffici5t to cont5d ) x 9 su* a way z to br+ ab\t fruitful results4 ,"o %\ld n ev5 "k m ab\t a ?+ ?an "o c\ld create4 ,moreov]1 ! only "t :5 we c actually recognise some?+ is :5 we endeav\r to make x4 ,let p b attempt to live aft] ! mann] ( antiquity2 & !y w at once come hundr$s ( miles ne>] to antiquity ?an !y c d ) all _! erudition4--,our philologi/s nev] %[ t !y /rive to emulate antiquity 9 any way1 & ?us _! antiquity rema9s )\t any effect on ! s*ools4 ,! /udy ( ! _s ( emulation 7,r5aissance1 ,goe!71 & ! /udy ( despair4 ,! non-popul> elem5t 9 ! new culture ( ! ,r5aissance3 a frightful fact6 #aga ,! wor%ip ( classical antiquity1 z x 0 to be se5 9 ,italy1 maybe int]pret$ z ! only e>ne/1 dis9t]e/$1 & fecund wor%ip :i* has yet fall5 to ! lot ( antiquity4 ,x is a spl5did example ( ,don ,quixotism2 & philology at be/ is su* ,don ,quixotism4 ,already at ! "t ( ! ,alex&rian savants1 z ) all ! sophi/s ( ! fir/ & second c5turies1 ! ,attici/s1 c41 ! s*ol>s are imitat+ some?+ purely & simply *im]ical & pursu+ a _w t nev] exi/$4 ,! same trait is se5 ?r\gh\t antiquity3 ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,hom]ic h]oes 7 copi$1 & all ! int]c\rse held ) ! my?s1 %[ traces ( x4 ,gradually all ,greek antiquity has become an object ( ,don ,quixotism4 ,x is impossible to und]/& our mod]n _w if we d n take into acc\nt ! enorm\s influ5ce ( ! purely fanta/ic4 ,?is is n[ confront$ by ! pr9ciple3 !re c be no imitation4 ,imitation1 h[ev]1 is m]ely an arti/ic ph5om5on1 i4e41 x is bas$ on appe>ance3 we c accept mann]s1 ?\ghts1 & s on ?r\gh imitation2 b imitation c create no?+4 ,true1 ! creator c borr[ f all sides & n\ri% himself 9 t way4 ,& x is only z creators t we %all be able to take any?+ f ! ,greeks4 ,b 9 :at respect c philologi/s be said to be creators6 ,!re mu/ be a few dirty jobs1 su* z knack]s' m51 & also text-revis]s3 are ! philologi/s to c>ry out tasks ( ?is nature8 #agb ,:at1 !n1 is antiquity n[1 9 ! face ( mod]n art1 sci5ce1 & philosophy8 ,x is no long] ! treasure-*amb] ( all k2 = 9 natural & hi/orical sci5ce we h advanc$ greatly beyond x4 ,oppression by ! *ur* has be5 /opp$4 ,a pure k ( antiquity is n[ possible1 b p]haps also a m ineffective & weak] k4--,?is is "r en\gh1 if effect is kn[n only z effect on ! masses2 b = ! bre$+ ( high] m9ds antiquity is m p[]ful ?an ev]4 ,goe! z a ,g]man poet-philologi/2 ,wagn] z a /ill high] /age3 8 cle> glance = ! only wor?y position ( art4 ,no anci5t "w has ev] _h s p[]ful an effect z ! ,ore/es _h on ,wagn]4 ,! objective1 emasculat$ philologi/1 :o is b a phili/9e ( culture & a work] 9 pure sci5ce1 is1 h[ev]1 a sad spectacle4 #agc ,betwe5 our highe/ art & philosophy & t :i* is recognis$ to be truly ! olde/ antiquity1 !re is no contradiction3 !y support & h>monise ) "o ano!r4 ,x is 9 ?is t ,i place my hopes4 #agd ,! ma9 /&po9ts f :i* to consid] ! importance ( antiquity3 #a4 ,!re is no?+ ab\t x = "y p2 = x exhibits man ) an entire fre$om f %ame4 #b4 ,x is n = direct imitation1 b x tea*es by :i* means art has hi!rto be5 p]fect$ 9 ! highe/ degree4 #c4 ,x is accessible only to a few1 & !re %\ld be a police des murs 9 *>ge ( x--z !re %\ld be also 9 *>ge ( bad piani/s :o play ,bee?ov54 #d4 ,^! few apply ?is antiquity to ! judgm5t ( our own "t1 z critics ( x2 & !y judge antiquity by _! own ideals & are ?us critics ( antiquity4 #e4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! ,hell5ic & ! ,roman %\ld be /udi$1 & also ! contra/ betwe5 ! e>ly ,hell5ic & ! late ,hell5ic4 ---,explanation ( ! diff]5t types ( culture4 #age ,! advancem5t ( sci5ce at ! exp5se ( man is "o ( ! mo/ p]nici\s ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,! /unt$ man is a retrogression 9 ! human race3 he ?r[s a %ad[ ov] all succe$+ g5]ations4 ,! t5d5cies & natural purpose ( ! individual sci5ce become deg5]ate1 & sci5ce itself is f9ally %ipwreck$3 x has made progress1 b has ei!r no effect at all on life or else an immoral "o4 #agf ,m5 n to be us$ l ?+s6 ,f ! =m] v incomplete philology & k ( antiquity !re fl[$ out a /ream ( fre$om1 :ile our own highly develop$ k produces slaves & s]ves ! idol ( ! ,/ate4 #agg ,!re w p]haps come a "t :5 sci5tific "w w be c>ri$ on by wom51 :ile ! m5 w h to create1 us+ ! ^w 9 a spiritual s5se3 /ates1 laws1 works ( art1 c4 ,p %\ld /udy typical antiquity j z !y d typical m53 i4e41 imitat+ :at !y und]/& ( x1 &1 :5 ! patt]n seems to lie f> 9 ! di/ance1 consid]+ ways & means & prelim9>y prep>ations1 & devis+ /epp+-/ones4 #agh ,! :ole feature ( /udy lies 9 ?is3 t we %\ld /udy only :at we feel we %\ld l to imitate2 :at we gladly take up & h ! desire to multiply4 ,:at is really want$ is a progressive canon ( ! ideal model1 suit$ to boys1 y\?s1 & m54 #agi ,goe! grasp$ antiquity 9 ! "r way3 inv>iably ) an emulative s\l4 ,b :o else did s8 ,"o sees no?+ ( a well-?\ght-out p$agogics ( ?is nature3 :o kn[s t !re is a c]ta9 k ( antiquity :i* _c be imp>t$ to y\?s6 ,! pu]ile "* ( philology3 devis$ by tea*]s = pupils4 #ahj ,! ev] m & m common =m ( ! ideal3 fir/ m51 !n in/itutions1 f9ally t5d5cies1 purposes1 or ! want ( !m4 ,! highe/ =m3 ! conque/ ( ! ideal by a backw>d movem5t f t5d5cies to in/itutions1 & f in/itutions to m54 #aha ,i w set d[n 9 writ+ :at ,i no long] believe--& also :at ,i d believe4 ,man /&s 9 ! mid/ ( ! great :irlpool ( =ces1 & imag9es t ?is :irlpool is rational & has a rational aim 9 view3 error6 ,! only rationality t we "k is ! small reason ( man3 he mu/ ex]t x to ! utmo/1 & x inv>iably leaves him 9 ! lur* if he tries to place himself 9 ! h&s ( ,provid5ce4 ,our only happ9ess lies 9 reason2 all ! rema9d] ( ! _w is dre>y4 ,! highe/ reason1 h[ev]1 is se5 by me 9 ! "w ( ! arti/1 & he c feel x to be su*3 !re may be some?+ :i*1 :5 x c be consci\sly br\ght =w>d1 may af=d an ev5 great] feel+ ( reason & happ9ess3 = example1 ! c\rse ( ! sol> sy/em1 ! bre$+ & education ( a man4 ,happ9ess lies 9 rapidity ( feel+ & ?9k+3 ev]y?+ else is sl[1 gradual1 & /upid4 ,! man :o c\ld feel ! progress ( a ray ( light w\ld be greatly enraptur$1 = x is v rapid4 ,?9k+ ( "o's self af=ds little happ9ess4 ,b :5 we d exp]i5ce happ9ess !re9 ! reason is t we are n ?9k+ ( ourselves1 b ( our ideal4 ,?is lies f> (f2 & only ! rapid man atta9s x & rejoices4 ,an amalgamation ( a great c5tre ( m5 = ! bre$+ ( bett] m5 is ! task ( ! future4 ,! individual mu/ become famili>is$ ) claims t1 :5 he says ,yea to 8 own w1 he also says ,yea to ! w ( t c5tre--= example1 9 ref]5ce to a *oice1 z among wom5 = m>riage1 & likewise z to ! mann] 9 :i* 8 *ild %all be br\ght up4 ,until n[ no s+le individuality1 or only ! v r>e/1 h be5 free3 !y 7 influ5c$ by ^! conceptions1 b likewise by ! bad & contradictory organisation ( ! individual purposes4 #ahb ,education is 9 ! fir/ place in/ruction 9 :at is necess>y1 & !n 9 :at is *ang+ & 9-con/ant4 ,! y\? is introduc$ to nature1 & ! sway ( laws is ev]y:]e po9t$ out to him2 foll[$ by an explanation ( ! laws ( ord9>y society4 ,ev5 at ?is e>ly /age ! "q w arise3 0 x absolutely necess>y t ?is %\ld h be5 s8 ,he gradually comes to ne$ hi/ory to asc]ta9 h[ ^! ?+s h be5 br\ght ab\t4 ,he le>ns at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 t !y may be *ang$ into some?+ else4 ,:at is ! ext5t ( man's p[] ov] ?+s8 ,?is is ! "q 9 connection ) all education4 ,to %[ h[ ?+s may become o!r ?an :at !y are we may1 = example1 po9t to ! ,greeks4 ,we ne$ ! ,romans to %[ h[ ?+s became :at !y 74 #ahc ,if1 !n1 ! ,romans _h spurn$ ! ,greek culture1 !y w\ld p]haps h gone to pieces completely4 ,:5 c\ld ?is culture h once aga9 aris58 ,*ri/ianity & ,romans & b>b>ians3 ?is w\ld h be5 an onslaught3 x w\ld h entirely wip$ out culture4 ,we see ! dang] amid :i* g5ius lives4 ,cic]o 0 "o ( ! greate/ b5efactors ( humanity1 ev5 9 8 own "t4 ,!re is no ,provid5ce = g5ius2 x is only = ! ord9>y run ( p & _! wants t su* a ?+ exi/s3 !y f9d _! satisfaction1 & lat] on _! ju/ification4 #ahd ,!sis3 ! dea? ( anci5t culture inevitable4 ,greek culture mu/ be di/+ui%$ z ! ar*etype2 & x mu/ be %[n h[ all culture re/s ^u %aky conceptions4 ,! dang]\s mean+ ( art3 z ! protectress & galvanisation ( dead & dy+ conceptions2 hi/ory1 9 s f> z x wi%es to re/ore to u feel+s :i* we h ov]come4 ,to feel hi/orically or j t[>ds :at is already pa/1 is only possible :5 we h ris5 above x4 ,b ! dang] 9 ! adoption ( ! feel+s necess>y = ?is is v great3 let ! dead bury _! dead1 s t we ourselves may n come "u ! influ5ce ( ! smell ( ! corpses4 ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,culture4 #a4 ,! signification ( ! /udies ( antiquity hi!rto pursu$3 obscure2 m5daci\s4 #b4 ,z soon z !y recognise ! goal !y condemn !mselves to dea?3 = _! goal is to describe anci5t culture itself z "o to be demoli%$4 #c4 ,! collection ( all ! conceptions out ( :i* ,hell5ic culture has gr[n up4 ,criticism ( religion1 art1 society1 /ate1 morals4 #d4 ,*ri/ianity is likewise d5i$4 #e4 ,art & hi/ory--dang]\s4 #f4 ,! replac+ ( ! /udy ( antiquity :i* has become sup]flu\s = ! tra9+ ( our y\?4 ,?us ! task ( ! sci5ce ( hi/ory is complet$1 & x itself has become sup]flu\s1 if ! entire inw>d cont9u\s circle ( pa/ ef=ts has be5 condemn$4 ,its place mu/ be tak5 by ! sci5ce ( ! future4 #ahe ,signs & miracles are n believ$2 only a ,provid5ce /&s 9 ne$ ( su* ?+s4 ,!re is no help to be f\nd ei!r 9 pray] or asceticism or 9 vision4 ,if all ^! ?+s con/itute religion1 !n !re is no m religion = me4 ,my religion1 if ,i c /ill apply ?is "n to some?+1 lies 9 ! "w ( bre$+ g5ius3 f su* tra9+ ev]y?+ is to be hop$4 ,all consolation comes f art4 ,education is love = ! (fspr+2 an excess ( love ov] & beyond our self-love4 ,religion is love beyond ourselves4 ,! "w ( art is ! model ( su* a love beyond ourselves1 & a p]fect model at t #ahf ,! /upidity ( ! w is ,s*op5hau]'s greate/ ?\ght1 if ?\ghts be judg$ f ! /&po9t ( p[]4 ,we c see 9 ,h>tmann h[ he juggl$ away ?is ?\ght4 ,nobody w ev] call some?+ /upid--,god4 #ahg ,?is1 !n1 is ! new feature ( all ! future progress ( ! _w3 m5 mu/ nev] aga9 be rul$ ov] by religi\s conceptions4 ,w !y be any worse8 ,x is n my exp]i5ce t !y behave well & morally "u ! yoke ( religion2 ,i am n on ! side ( ,demopheles4#ae ,! fe> ( a beyond1 & !n aga9 ! fe> ( div9e puni%m5ts w h>dly h made m5 bett]4 ,footnote #ae3 ,a type 9 ,s*op5hau]'s ,essay ,on ,religion4 ,see ,p>]ga & ,p>alipom5a4--,,tr4 #ahh ,:]e some?+ great makes its appe>ance & la/s = a relatively long "t1 we may premise a c>eful bre$+1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,greeks4 ,h[ did s _m m5 become free among !m8 ,educate educators6 ,b ! fir/ educators mu/ educate !mselves6 ,& x is = ^! t ,i write4 #ahi ,! d5ial ( life is no long] an easy matt]3 a man may become a h]mit or a monk--& :at is !reby d5i$6 ,?is conception has n[ become deep]3 x is above all a disc]n+ d5ial1 a d5ial bas$ ^u ! w to be j2 n an indiscrim9ate & :olesale d5ial4 #aij ,! se] mu/ be affectionate1 o!rwise m5 w h no confid5ce 9 him3 ,cass&ra4 #aia ,! man :o to-day wi%es to be good & sa9tly has a m difficult task ?an =m]ly3 9 ord] to be good1 he mu/ n be s unju/ to k z e>li] sa9ts 74 ,he w\ld h to be a k-sa9t3 a man :o w\ld l9k love ) k1 & :o w\ld h no?+ to d ) gods or demigods or ,provid5ce1 z ! ,indian sa9ts likewise _h no?+ to d ) !m4 ,he %\ld also be heal?y1 & %\ld keep himself s1 o!rwise he w\ld necess>ily become di/ru/ful ( himself4 ,& p]haps he w\ld n be> ! slighte/ resemblance to ! ascetic sa9t1 b w\ld be mu* m l a man ( ! _w4 #aib ,! bett] ! /ate is organis$1 ! dull] w humanity be4 ,to make ! individual uncom=table is my task6 ,! great pleasure exp]i5c$ by ! man :o lib]ates himself by fight+4 ,spiritual heights h _h _! age 9 hi/ory2 inh]it$ en]gy belongs to !m4 ,9 ! ideal /ate all w\ld be ov] ) !m4 #aic ,! highe/ judgm5t on life only aris+ f ! highe/ en]gy ( life4 ,! m9d mu/ be remov$ z f> z possible f exhau/ion4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! _w-hi/ory judgm5t w be ! mo/ accurate2 = x 0 !re t ! greate/ g5iuses exi/$4 ,! bre$+ ( ! g5ius z ! only man :o c truly value & d5y life4 ,save y\r g5ius6 %all be %\t$ unto ! p3 set him free6 ,d all y c to un%ackle him4 ,! feeble & poor 9 _s mu/ n be all[$ to judge life4 #aid ,i dream ( a comb9ation ( m5 :o %all make no concessions1 :o %all %[ no consid]ation1 & :o %all be will+ to be call$ de/roy]s3 !y apply ! /&>d ( _! criticism to ev]y?+ & sacrifice !mselves to tru?4 ,! bad & ! false %all be br\ght to light6 ,we w n build prematurely we d n "k1 inde$1 :e!r we %all ev] be able to build1 or if x w\ld n be bett] n to build at all ,!re are lazy pessimi/s & resign$ ones 9 ?is _w--& x is to _! numb] t we refuse to belong6 ,,f9is4