,a ,young ,swiss ,inventor's ,most ,marvelous ,achievement ,illustration ,his ,wonderful ,time ,clock an ,eloquent ,solution of ,motion and ,perpetual ,force ,illustration3 ,,friedrich ,,bangerter ,inventor ,,copyright1 #aiaa1 ,,by ,,friedrich ,,bangerter1 #ej ,,church ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 ,illustration3 ,,gold ,,and ,,silver ,,medals ,,and ,,diplomas ,at the ,world ,universal ,expositions in ,paris1 #aijj1 and in ,belgium1 #aije1 for ,bangerter's ,many ,marvelous ,inventions4 ,,bangerter',s ,,inventions ,,his ,,marvelous ,,time ,,clock ,,edited ,,by ,,king ,,contents ,page ,,dream ,,of ,,ages ,,realized #i ,perpetual ,force #i ,a ,practical ,invention #aj ,a ,truly ,wonderful ,invention #aj ,what ,does ,perpetual ,motion ,mean8 #ac ,napoleon's ,fatal ,error #ac ,flying ,machines ,everywhere #ad ,america6 ,land of ,opportunities #ag ,stimulus to ,inventive ,genius #ag ,perpetual ,motion1 the ,study of ,ages #ah ,when ,nature ,is ,ready #ah ,other ,natural ,forces #ba ,variation of ,temperature #ba ,nature's ,many ,phenomena #bb ,nature's ,great ,planetary ,clockwork #bb ,heat the ,source of ,all ,power #be ,heat--,expansion and ,contraction #be ,,specification #bi ,,bangerter',s ,,anniversary ,,self-,,winding ,,regulator #gc ,,bangerter',s ,,fire ,,detector ,,and ,,fire ,,alarm #gg ,,bangerter',s ,,fire ,,alarm ,,and ,,water ,,sprinkler #gi ,,brief ,,biography ,,of ,,friedrich ,,bangerter #ha ,,bangerter',s ,,automatic ,,watch ,,chain ,,machine #hc ,,bangerter',s ,,writing ,,and ,,talking ,,doll #hg ,,bangerter',s ,,automatic ,,jeweler #ia ,,bangerter',s ,,airship #ic ,,bangerter',s ,,powderless ,,gun #ie ,,dream ,,of ,,ages ,,realized ,the ,twentieth ,century is the century of successful accomplishment4 ,the zenith of human achievements appears to have been reached4 ,yet every day brings its new surprises4 ,there seems to be no limit to the output of human genius and ingenuity4 ,we have now the aeroplane skimming through the air with bird-like ease and rapidity2 the wireless telegraph and wireless telephone2 the leviathan steamship 8,olympic10 which annihilates distance between ,europe and ,america and a sight of which would make our ancestors gasp in amazement1 as well as other modern marvels4 ,and these pages tell about one of the greatest inventions of all time--a discovery of to-day that will add a crowning glory to successful ,twentieth ,century endeavor4 ,bangerter's ,perpetulium ,time ,clock is most concrete1 tangible and eloquent evidence that ,,perpetual ,,force--the greatest of all mechanical problems--is solved at last4 ,,perpetual ,,force6 ,bangerter's latest and highly successful creation sounds like a fairy story realized4 ,the wizardry of true genius is thus marvellously expressed4 ,volumes have been written by prominent authors and leading scientific men illustrating the wasted efforts and picturing the despair of many inventors in all ages who failed in their persistent efforts to solve the problem of perpetual force--producing motion4 ,centuries of unwearying studies and activities only met with failure4 ,it was called an impossible task1 a phantom1 a phantasy1 a freak of the imagination that never could be converted to a practical issue4 ,but the failure of those who attempted and failed in the past could not keep back the energy and force of progress4 ,to-day the problem of perpetual force is really solved4 ,it remained for a young ,swiss inventor--,mr4 ,friedrich ,bangerter--to successfully accomplish the heretofore impossible4 ,bangerter's ,perpetual ,time ,clock is perfect in theory and practice4 ,it is operated by a principle that cannot fail4 ,a glance at the machine will convince the most skeptical4 ,from time to time we read of wonderful inventions that never get beyond the stage where they are talked about4 ,they are impractical and impossible1 because their inventors are fakirs1 fanatics or dreamers--inventors lacking the character1 knowledge and brains to understand whether or not their ideas are of any realizable value4 ,a ,,practical ,,invention ,this is emphatically not the case with ,mr4 ,bangerter4 ,his is a most practical mind4 ,his record as an inventor is one of successes4 ,he has had twenty years' experience as a practical and technical mechanical engineer1 with a great number of patents and inventions in operation all over the world4 ,his marvelous automatic machines--taking wrought casting and bars of metal and automatically making gears1 chains1 spindles1 screws1 pinions1 etc41 of the highest precision--is a striking example of his great ability4 ,at two ,world's ,expositions--in ,paris1 #aijj1 and ,belgium1 #aije--the ,jury of ,international ,selection of ,mechanical ,experts awarded him ,silver and ,gold ,medals and ,diplomas for his inventions of the most marvelous machines4 ,a ,,truly ,,wonderful ,,invention ,bangerter's ,perpetual ,time ,clock is a truly wonderful mechanism and an exact1 reliable timepiece4 ,it will do the work for which it is intended1 as long as the mechanical parts hold together--as long as the shafts and spindles run in their bearings4 ,in other words1 this clock will run for ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,clock4 generations--yes1 from #ajj to #ejj years--without winding4 ,during this unbelievably long period this clock will run1 show the exact time1 strike the hours and play the marvelous ,westminster melodies without the slightest expenditure of time or effort in winding up with springs or weights4 ,there is employed no electricity1 chemicals1 secret preparations or fuel1 to produce the power and energy to run ,bangerter's ,perpetual ,force ,clock4 ,yet there is a natural law behind it all--the secret of its practical application was discovered and successfully applied by the young ,swiss inventor4 ,,what ,,does ,,perpetual ,,motion ,,mean8 ,to avoid loss of time and to obviate dissension and discussion between readers and critics herewith is given the technical understanding of the title 8,,perpetual ,,motion40 ,it is taken from 8,the ,international ,cyclopedia10 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,page #ebb1 and reads as follows3 8,perpetual ,motion means an engine which1 without any supply of power from without1 can not only maintain its own motion forever1 or as long as its material lasts1 but can also be applied to drive machinery1 and therefore to do external work4 ,in other words1 it means a device for creating power energy without corresponding expenditure4 ,this is now known to be absolutely impossible1 no matter what physical forces be employed40 ,the ,bangerter ,clock is eloquent evidence that the theory just quoted 7and heretofore generally accepted as correct7 is not1 in fact1 correct4 ,it will be necessary1 in the face of this new discovery1 to write a new definition of ,perpetual ,motion4 ,impossibilities of yesterday are the stern realities of to-day4 ,we have now arrived at such a stage of advancement as to be surprised at no discovery or invention1 no matter how improbable or wonderful4 ,,napoleon',s ,,fatal ,,error4 ,napoleon was advised not to listen to ,fulton's plan of the steamboat--a certain cause of his downfall1 for had he accepted ,fulton's radical and previously unheard of ideas he would presently have a fleet of steamships4 ,he would thus be ,emperor of the ,ocean1 for with his fleet of steamships he would surely have conquered ,britain's old-fashioned sailing navy4 ,ten years ago all the scientific men to whom ,bangerter presented his plans for an airship1 gravely shook their heads4 ,they said3-- 8,your principle is right--it shows the most practical device we have yet seen1 and if there were such proposition as a #8heavier-than-air' possibility you would have the best chance of success40 ,very well1 the 8heavier-than-air0 possibility has become a certainty4 ,to-day scientific men see the weight of a man's body 7increased by a heavy framework and many mechanical contrivances7 soar lightly and majestically between the blue sky and the earth below4 ,the dream of the pitied and sneered at inventor of a decade ago is exemplified to-day all over the civilized world6 ,all this the scientists a few years ago did not see4 ,the new born force--insignificant in size and appearance1 but giant-like in actual force--now known as the gasolene engine1 did not then make an appearance4 ,but now hundreds of machines are flying all over the world--propelled by the pygmy gasolene engine4 ,in other words1 as the force of a man is mechanically figured to #a-g of one ,h4 ,p41 some gasolene engines of the weight and size of a man develop #gjj times more power4 ,this enormous force may soon bring about a revolution in warfare by displacing powder as a force to expel bullets from guns4 ,tests made last year with a small model gun have demonstrated great possibilities by shooting small #c-h inch round ball-bearing at so terrific a speed that they pierced a #a-;inch pine target at #fj feet distance1 and in such enormous quantities that inside of a few seconds five targets were riddled to atoms4 ,,flying ,,machines ,,everywhere4 ,aeroplanes are to-day counted by hundreds4 ,some carry ten or more men at a time1 and keeping it up for hours with a speed of nearly #ajj miles per hour4 ,how great is the number of the wonderful time-saving1 effort-saving and distance-annihilating inventions of the past fifty years6 ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,clock4 ,how wonderful is the transformation6 ,how sudden and how amazingly great is the progress that a single generation produces in this remarkable century6 ,great men have lived before us4 ,intellectual giants were our fathers and grandfathers4 ,but the time had not come for the infinite hand to touch the mainspring that would set all these fountains of activity to pouring out their rich treasures of knowledge and invention4 ,but as soon as the time is reached1 how supremely marvelous are the undreamed-of achievements6 ,,america6 ,,land ,,of ,,opportunities4 ,the development of the greatest of all countries--the ,united ,states of ,america--is a most prolific source and cause of inventions4 ,after the ,civil ,war had proven that equality and freedom were not mere figures of speech1 but that they were real1 substantial blessings to be enjoyed by all ,american citizens1 a great stimulus to inventive genius was given4 ,the brains responded to the call for improvement and development4 ,the winnings from mining1 the rewards from manufacture1 the profits to be derived in the thousand and one forms of commerce and the handsome payments to be derived from agriculture1 lumbering1 cattle raising1 fruit culture1 etc41 were the strongest possible incentives to the exercise of brains and inventive ingenuity4 ,manufacture and commerce were fostered and developed by rapid transportation4 ,railroads and steamships soon ran wherever needed4 ,prosperity and happiness were the natural results of this wholesale national activity4 ,the machinery of warfare1 such as marine fortifications1 great guns and war vessels1 was installed and maintained at an enormous expense4 ,it is not too much to say that ,america's prosperity has aroused the greatest possible interest in ,european countries4 ,they have made the most strenuous exertions in order to compete in the world's trade marts4 ,,stimulus ,,to ,,inventive ,,genius4 ,a long period of universal peace has made it possible to keep up inventive investigation and experimenting with marvelously fruitful results4 ,up to the present time more than ,,one ,,million ,,patents have been issued for the ,united ,states alone4 ,truly a marvelous record6 ,,perpetual ,,motion--,,the ,,study ,,of ,,ages4 ,in every age inventors have dreamed of that problem of problems--,perpetual ,motion4 ,it is a problem that has exhausted the mind1 purse and patience of thousands of inventors4 ,almost every one has heard of some one else's interest in this great subject4 ,but history shows that the study of perpetual motion has been tinctured with charlatanism4 ,fakirs have from time to time shown contrivances which seemed to solve the problem1 but were delusions and humbugs pure and simple1 as they were gotten up to delude the public and deceive investors4 ,the notorious ,keely ,motor was but one case of many4 ,notwithstanding the enormous amount of unsuccessful effort and study in an endeavor to solve ,perpetual ,motion there are yet many enthusiastic students earnestly laboring in the field4 ,there is one great ,perpetual ,motion4 ,it is ,nature's own handiwork1 and the only successful human attempt is exemplified in ,bangerter's marvelously combined clockwork in which the silent forces of ,nature are harnessed to carry out immutable laws4 ,similar attempts had already been undertaken by scientific men1 but without success1 until ,friedrich ,bangerter touched the true keynote4 ,,when ,,nature ,,is ,,ready4 ,the time and conditions were ripe and ready4 ,so was the man6 ,it seems to be one of the great laws of ,mother ,nature to withhold her most precious secrets until she sees fit to divulge them1 and then she brings in happy juxtaposition 8,the ,time1 ,the ,place and ,the ,man40 ,this has proven true with most of the world's most important inventions and discoveries4 ,nature in her own good time gives up the priceless secret--that little something that spells success and that was so long sought after until the golden moment it was revealed4 ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,clock4 ,had ,lilienthal to-day's gasolene engine--an engine developing #ajj ,h4 ,p4 to the weight of only #bjj pounds1 as the rotary ,gnome ,engine1 he would have been highly successful in his efforts to fly4 ,the development of the automobile meant the development of the gasolene engine1 which became so reduced in weight and so powerful in action that all that was necessary was to attach it to some planes1 revolve propellers1 and1 presto6 off went the flying machine with ease and speed4 ,as time goes on and as the needs of men multiply other great inventions will be perfected in obedience to the universal ,law of ,creation4 ,every student of ,perpetual ,motion1 yes1 every intelligent observer of the world's progress1 will be intensely interested in ,bangerter's wonderful clock4 ,,other ,,natural ,,forces4 ,there are many other natural sources that could be called in to develop ,perpetual ,force for clocks1 machinery1 etc41 just as waterfalls1 rainfalls1 the blowing of winds1 etc41 but all these could not be considered and compared with ,bangerter's inventions4 ,they are at present impractical on account of the extensive and expensive outside connections required4 ,streams are sometimes found only at great distances1 and the entire system of turbines1 dynamos1 electrical conducting wires and motors are much too complicated to operate a simple system of your own4 ,,variation ,,of ,,temperature4 ,we cannot depend upon a wind or a rainfall1 but we can always depend upon a variation of temperature day after day and year after year4 ,some days there may be a variation of only one or two degrees1 other days from #ae to #be degrees1 but no matter what the variation may be1 ,bangerter's machine collects the daily results and stores their energies4 ,these results are produced day after day by the phenomena of expansion and contraction of material1 and is so combined as to always have sufficient force stored to always keep the clock running4 ,in other words1 ,bangerter's ,perpetulium ,time ,clock will always run without winding4 ,even if there should be no variation of temperature for a period of several days or weeks--which will never happen as long as the world exists--sufficient force would be stored from past variations to keep it running for a considerable period of time4 ,this clock will give perfect time in any room1 in any house or building and in any exterior or interior location4 ,it is not affected by time or locality4 ,the mysterious forces of ,nature operate it equally as well in the jungles of ,africa as in a ,new ,york or ,london mansion4 ,it is the one clock for all time1 all localities and all conditions4 ,,nature',s ,,many ,,phenomena4 ,how marvelous and manifold are the workings of ,nature6 ,her phenomena and secrets are ever subjects of intense study by the world's greatest intellects4 ,nature's manifestations are mild1 majestic1 mighty1 cold1 calm1 bounteous1 benign1 beneficent1 beautiful1 terrific1 tender1 temperate--in fact1 every adjective in the ,english language could be employed to describe her full gamut of moods4 ,some of us have heard the furious roaring of a blizzard and observed the enormous force and terrific speed of the tempest1 leaving behind death and destruction in its wake4 ,many towns1 large and small1 have been swept out of existence by blizzards1 tornadoes and cyclones4 ,and the silent1 fructifying forces of ,nature--how grand and beautiful beyond expression do they accomplish their work6 8,great oaks from little acorns grow10 and from little1 apparently insignificant seeds spring monarch trees of the forest1 their crowns majestically waving three and four hundred feet in the air4 ,the mysteries of life have yet been revealed to no man1 and the artist has not lived who has been able to paint the picture1 to catch the true color effects1 that only ,mother ,nature can depict on a world wide canvas4 ,,nature',s ,,great ,,planetary ,,clockwork4 ,every atom of force in the universe performs a purpose and function4 ,nature never makes a mistake4 ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,clock4 ,each of the myriad forces under her control has the most logical cause for existence1 and all are under the guidance of the most perfect system4 ,the entire planetary system may be termed the ,clockwork of the ,universe--the great ,natural ,clock1 absolutely authoritative and perfect in operation and giving us days1 nights1 seasons and variations of temperature with a regularity that never fails4 ,these variations of temperature really mean the source of all life and vegetation4 ,in order that we human beings live the globe must revolve on its axis1 and as the year grows on apace we receive the heat rays from another planet--the ,sun--in different angles and positions and in the variations of temperature ranging from extreme heat to extreme cold4 ,,heat ,,the ,,source ,,of ,,all ,,power4 ,from heat comes all power4 ,when the latent forces of ,nature were first set aflame by primitive man he touched the spring of civilization4 ,since that time fire has been working for human progress4 ,it is one of the most powerful agents in the development of civilization4 ,our rude ancestors long ago discovered its great utility1 and they cudgeled their brains to aid the flame of fire and obtain a still fiercer heat4 ,the bellows was the result--the wind pointed the way to this invention4 ,then followed by slow degrees the acquirement of further knowledge concerning fire and its uses4 ,our forefathers learned the processes of melting and smelting--later were established various metallurgical operations4 ,the path was thus prepared for ,tubal ,cain and other artificers in metals4 ,man eventually became exceedingly skilled in applying heat forces in his many requirements in articles of brass1 tin1 zinc1 steel1 etc4 ,,heat--,,expansion ,,and ,,contraction4 ,from an article by ,j4 ,gordon ,ogden1 ,ph4,d41 in 8,popular ,mechanics10 ,september1 #aiaj1 we quote3 8,expansion is one of the most remarkable of the phenomena to be reckoned with in the natural world4 ,practically every bit of matter from the ,great ,brooklyn ,bridge to the tiny hairspring in one's watch is under its imperial domination4 ,it is a tremendous force1 and the world of mechanics has to treat it with the deference and respect due to its gigantic power4 ,unlike gravity1 and other forces of nature1 it is whimsical and takes sudden fits and starts1 now acting one way1 now another4 ,it affects different bodies in different ways1 and seems to be at variance with the time-honored forces whose action can be predicted under all circumstances4 ,at least that is what it apparently does4 ,in our meagre knowledge of the great underlying laws that control the universe it is possibly unwise to speak so unkindly of expansion1 as though it were a spoiled child in need of correction2 its behavior1 however1 is so contrary to what one might expect that one is at a loss to say anything else4 8,the walls of a building are sometimes rectified by the enormous force exerted by the contraction of iron rods4 ,bars of iron are placed so as to join the two walls where the bulging is most pronounced4 ,these bars terminate in screws furnished with nuts4 ,the whole of their length is heated and the nuts tightened4 ,on cooling the bars will contract with practically irresistible force1 causing the walls to straighten up4 ,this operation is repeated until the rectification is completed4 ,boiler plates are fastened with red-hot rivets4 ,the contraction of the rivets incident upon their cooling draws the plates tightly together1 forming a steam-proof joint40 8,tyndall1 in his work on heat1 gives an excellent illustration of the force of expansion and contraction4 #8,the choir of ,bristol ,cathedral was covered with sheet lead1 the length of the covering being #fj feet and its depth #ai feet #e inches4 ,it had been laid in the year #ahea1 and two years afterward it had moved bodily down for a distance of #ah inches4 ,the descent had been continually going on from the time the lead had been laid down1 and an attempt to stop it by driving nails into the rafters had failed1 for the force with which the lead had descended was sufficient to draw out the nails4 ,the roof was not a steep one1 and the lead could have rested on it forever without sliding down by gravity4 ,what1 then1 was the cause of the descent8 ,the lead was exposed to the varying temperatures of day and night4 ,during the day the heat imparted to it caused it to expand4 ,had it lain upon a horizontal surface1 it would have expanded all around2 but as it lay upon an inclined surface it expanded more freely downward than upward4 ,when1 on the contrary1 the lead contracted at night its upper edge was drawn more easily downward than its lower edge upward4 ,its motion was1 therefore1 exactly like that of a common earthworm2 it pushed its lower edge forward during the day and drew its upper edge after it during the night1 and thus by degrees it crawled through a space of #ah inches in two years4' 8,mention has been made in a preceding article of the effect of unequal expansion upon two different metals that have been bolted together4 ,it is by this principle that the action of the ordinary thermostat1 so familiar now as a controller and regulator of the temperature of high buildings1 is explained--a rod made up of two different metals whose rates of expansion are different4 ,when the temperature of the room in which the thermostat is placed becomes too high the rod curls toward the metal point ,s and touches it1 completing an electrical contact which causes a motor to shut off the draft4 ,when the temperature of the room falls below a certain point the rod curls in the opposite direction toward the metal point ,t4 ,this causes a motor to open the draft and thus furnish a more abundant supply of hot air4 8,everybody in these days of cheap and reliable timepieces carries a watch4 ,and yet there are very few who appreciate the methods and devices by means of which the troublesome expansion and contraction of metals are corrected1 in order that a watch may keep correct time4 ,the balance wheel of a watch corresponds to the pendulum of a clock1 and any variation in its dimensions will cause it to move faster or slower1 as the case may be4 ,the hairspring is really a long strip of metal which becomes weakened in its effect when expanded by an increase in temperature and has its power augmented when contraction takes place4 8,to correct both of these conditions the rim of the balance wheel is made up of two different metals1 the outer part brass1 the inner part iron4 ,when the hairspring becomes weaker by expansion the brass of the balance wheel also expands2 but as it expands more than the iron to which it is bonded1 it curls in toward the center of the wheel1 making practically a wheel of smaller diameter1 and causing the same effect as is produced when a clock pendulum is shortened4 ,exactly the opposite conditions obtain when the timepiece is exposed to extreme cold and the balance wheel has its diameter increased1 thus causing a slowing up to counteract the increased strain produced by the contraction of the hairspring4 ,the same principle is applied in the construction of first-class clocks4 ,any uncorrected variation in the length of a pendulum is fatal to the timekeeping quality of a clock4 ,a gridiron pendulum made up of alternate rods of steel and brass serves to correct the result of the expansive force4 8,the central steel rod passes through holes in the lower horizontal framework and supports the bob at the lower end4 ,the steel rods are so arranged that they will expand downward1 while the brass rods expand upward and the total length of each metal used is exactly sufficient to counteract each other's expansion1 and the centre of the bob will remain at a constant distance from the point of suspension40 ,scientific men and engineers are more or less familiar with the phenomena of expansion4 ,but no inventor produced a system capable of utilizing this force to run a clock until ,bangerter succeeded in mastering the problem4 ,bangerter's clock is unquestionably a triumph of human ingenuity4 ,it is a mechanical masterpiece4 ,herewith follows the complete specification3 ,,specification ,,to ,,all ,,whom ,,it ,,may ,,concern3 ,be it known that ,i1 ,,friedrich ,,bangerter1 of the ,city of ,new ,york 7,borough of ,richmond71 ,county of ,richmond and ,state of ,new ,york1 have invented certain new and useful improvements in ,,apparatus ,,for ,,the ,,eduction1 ,,storage ,,and ,,application ,,of ,,energy ,,from ,,expansible ,,materials1 of which the following is a full1 clear and exact specification1 such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same4 ,this invention relates to apparatus whereby energy may be educed from expansible materials1 due to the expansion and contraction thereof on changes of temperature1 and the said energy either applied direct or stored and applied for the purpose of operating machines and devices of various kinds4 ,i show and describe herein two forms of apparatus for obtaining such expansion and contraction and the required energy therefrom1 and ,i also show two forms in which the energy so obtained is accumulated and stored4 ,in connection therewith1 ,i show the application of my invention to the running of clocks1 but it will be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to that particular class of machine1 and that it may be applied to any use of which it is susceptible4 ,it is well known that all metals are capable of some degree of expansion and contraction1 and some metals have this property in greater degree than others4 ,the amount of expansion for each degree rise in temperature is quite regular1 and is called the co-efficient of expansion4 ,it is also well known that zinc has this property in greater degree than any other of the solid metals1 its co-efficient of linear expansion being appreciably higher4 ,for this reason1 as well as because of its relatively low cost1 ,i preferably make use of zinc in the construction of the expansible parts of my apparatus4 ,one of the objects of my invention1 therefore1 is to provide an expansion device of novel construction and arrangement1 which will generate energy and maintain motion during changes in temperature1 to such an appreciable and useful amount1 as to constitute it in fact a temperature motor4 ,a further object of my invention is to provide means for accumulating or storing the energy thus generated4 ,a further object is to provide means for applying the energy thus generated and stored4 ,other objects1 such as compactness1 durability and comparatively low cost of the apparatus1 will appear in the following description1 in which reference is had to the accompanying drawings4 ,in the drawings3-- ,fig4 #a is a front elevation1 showing the application of my invention to a clock provided1 in this case1 with a mainspring as usual2 ,fig4 #b is a rear elevation of the same with a part removed2 ,fig4 #c is an enlarged perspective detail showing how the strips forming part of the expansion member or coil are connected up2 ,fig4 #d is a sectional view1 on lines #e--e of ,fig4 #a2 ,fig4 #e is an enlarged detail elevation1 with parts removed2 ,fig4 #f is an enlarged detail cross section of the central portion of the apparatus1 with part broken away2 ,fig4 #g is a rear elevation of the same with parts broken away2 ,fig4 #h is an enlarged detail of the upper portion of the apparatus shown in ,fig4 #d1 with parts removed2 ,fig4 #i is a perspective detail1 partly broken away2 ,fig4 #aj is an enlarged detail of a portion of the ratchet mechanism shown in the lower portion of ,figs4 #f and #g2 ,fig4 #aa is an enlarged section of a flexible coupling shown in ,fig4 #g2 ,fig4 #ab is an elevation of a modification of the expansion coil2 ,fig4 #ab is a perspective view showing how two of such modified expansion coils may be connected2 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock ,fig4 #ac is a front elevation showing my invention applied to another form of force storage mechanism2 ,fig4 #ad is a plan view of same1 on lines #ad--ad of ,fig4 #ac2 ,fig4 #ae is a rear elevation on lines #ae--ae of ,fig4 #ad2 ,fig4 #af is a vertical section on lines #af--af of ,fig4 #ad2 ,fig4 #ag is an enlarged detail of part of the apparatus shown in the upper portion of ,fig4 #af2 ,fig4 #ah is an enlarged detail of the ball-discharging means shown in the lower portion of ,fig4 #af2 ,fig4 #ai is an enlarged detail of the loading device shown in the opposite part of the lower portion of ,fig4 #af2 and ,fig4 #bj is a plan view on lines #bj--bj of ,fig4 #ac4 ,referring to the construction illustrated in ,fig4 #a to #aa1 inclusive1 ,b represents the outer frame of the apparatus4 ,mounted within the outer frame ,b is an inner frame comprising the uprights ,c1 ,c1 which are rigidly secured by cross-bars ,d1 ,d4 ,the outer frame ,b1 as well as the inner frame uprights ,c1 ,c are preferably formed of wood or other material capable of a low degree of expansion4 ,within the upper and lower ends of the inner frame are anti-friction knife-bars ,e1 ,e#a1 the upper one of which1 ,e1 has each end within a vertically disposed slot ,e in the uprights ,c1 ,c1 within which said knife-bar may be moved vertically1 as hereinafter described4 ,each end of the lower knife-bar ,e lies immovable within a recess in a plate ,e mounted on each of the uprights ,c1 ,c4 ,these knife-bars1 which are preferably formed of hardened steel1 have oppositely disposed relatively sharp edges ,e#e1 which act as bearings for a series of horizontally disposed anti-friction levers1 ,f1 ,f1 which ,i will term balance-levers1 since they are intended to balance evenly and freely on the thin edges of the knife-bars with little friction somewhat in the nature of a scale-balance4 ,these levers are pivotally connected to a series of metallic expansion strips ,g1 ,g1 ,g1 ,g1 etc41 the construction and arrangement and manner of connecting up the same being more clearly shown in ,fig4 #c4 ,it will be observed that the arrangement of the levers ,f and expansion strips ,g1 ,g1 etc41 is such as to form1 in effect1 a spiral1 the short strip ,g being connected to one end of one of the balance-levers ,f1 and the strip ,g being connected at its lower end to the opposite end of said lever1 the upper end of said strip ,g being connected to one end of the first one of the levers ,f4 ,to the opposite end of said lever ,f the upper end of strip ,g is connected1 the lower end of said strip being connected to the left-hand end of the second one of the levers ,f1 and so on to the final short strip ,gx4 ,the levers ,f1 ,f must be formed of a metal capable of withstanding great strain without bending1 and for this purpose ,i prefer to use the metal known as macadamite4 ,for convenience of designation1 ,i will refer to each of these groups of balance-levers ,f1 ,f1 and expansion strips ,g1 ,g1 etc41 as expansion coils1 and while ,i have herein shown but two sets of such expansion coils1 it is to be understood that there may be any number of such sets desired1 and any desired number of strips and levers composing such coils1 depending upon the character of the work to be performed4 ,furthermore1 ,i desire it to be understood that when ,i use the terms 8strips--as characterizing the members connecting the balance-levers--either in the specification or claims1 ,i do not limit myself to the form of connecting member or 8strips0 shown1 but mean to include in the use of the term 8strips0 any other form such as wires1 rods or bars of either square1 round1 hexagonal or other cross sectional shape4 ,the ends of the short strips ,g1 ,gx are connected by wires ,h1 ,h with the opposite ends of what ,i will term a coil lever ,i1 which1 as more clearly shown in ,fig4 #e1 is keyed to a shaft ,j1 which latter has its end journaled upon the cross-bars ,j1 ,j secured to the uprights ,c1 ,c of the inner frame of the apparatus1 and this shaft ,i will name a coil shaft4 ,keyed to the coil shaft ,j is a lever ,k1 which it may be proper to designate as a stress lever1 since from it is suspended a weight ,k1 the function of which is to place a certain amount of stress upon the series of expansion strips and balance-levers composing the expansion coil1 keeping the metal of the strips slightly stretched and preventing any loss of motion at the different points of connection1 and thereby furthering a very important object1 which is to make of each series of expansion strips ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock and balance-levers a single spiral unit1 throughout which the expansion and contraction of the strips are transmitted4 ,also keyed to the shaft ,j is a power transmisson lever ,l1 and any rotary motion imparted to said shaft is necessarily imparted to the lever ,l in the form of reciprocating motion4 ,referring now to the power storage device1 one or a number of which may be used in connection with my expansion coils4 ,disposed approximately midway of the uprights ,c1 ,c and within casing ,m1 secured at its ends to said uprights1 is rotatably mounted a power transmission shaft ,m1 keyed to which is a spur wheel ,m4 ,also mounted on the shaft ,m is a spur wheel ,m1 meshing with which at its upper and lower sides are two spur wheels ,m#d1 ,m#e1 loosely mounted upon short supporting shafts ,m#f1 ,m#g1 journaled in uprights ,m#h1 ,m#h secured to the casing ,m4 ,to each of the spur wheels ,m#d1 ,m#e is secured the outer end of a coil spring ,m#i1 ,m#aj1 respectively1 the inner ends of said springs being secured to the respective shafts ,m#f1 ,m#g1 the arrangement being such that when the springs are placed under tension by the rotation of the shafts ,m#f1 ,m#g1 the force of the springs rotates the spur wheels ,m#d1 ,m#e1 thereby rotating the spur wheel ,m1 shaft ,m and the spur wheel ,m4 ,also mounted upon each of the respective short shafts ,m#f1 ,m#g1 and keyed thereto1 is a ratchet wheel ,m#aa1 ,m#ab1 and adjacent thereto and loosely mounted upon each of said shafts ,m#f1 ,m#g is a pawl carrier plate ,m#ac1 ,m#ad1 each carrying a pawl indicated at ,m#ae1 ,m#af1 which is adapted to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheels ,m#aa1 ,m#ab1 being held in engagement therewith by springs1 one of which is shown at ,m#ag1 secured to said pawl carrier ,m#ac4 ,suitably mounted upon the casing ,m1 and adapted to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheels ,m#aa1 ,m#ab1 is a detent ,m#ai1 to prevent reverse movement of said ratchet wheels4 ,the pawl carrier plate ,m#ac is provided with a pin ,m#ba1 and secured thereby loosely to said carrier is one end of a connecting rod ,m#ba1 the other end of said connecting rod being connected to one end of a longitudinally flexible coupling ,m#bb1 the other end of said coupling being secured by means of the connecting rod ,m#bc to the power transmission lever ,l4 ,the function of the flexible coupling ,m#bb will be hereinafter referred to4 ,the pawl carrier ,m#ac also carries1 at its lower end1 a pin ,n1 and loosely mounted thereon is one end of a connecting rod ,n1 the other end of said rod being connected to a pin ,n secured to the pawl carrier ,m#ad1 whereby1 when motion is imparted to pawl carrier ,m#ac and1 through the pawl ,m#ae to the ratchet wheel ,m#aa1 motion is imparted to the pawl carrier ,m#ad1 and through its pawl ,m#af to the ratchet wheel ,m#ab4 ,from the pin ,n is suspended a weight ,n to return the pawl carriers to their lowermost positions when they complete their upward travel4 ,the flexible coupling ,m#bb comprises a tubular casing ,n#d1 which is provided at one end with an opening ,n#e1 through which projects a rod ,n#f having a head ,n#g1 which is adapted to bear against a spiral spring ,n#h mounted within said casing1 the other end of said rod ,n#f being connected to the rod ,m#bc4 ,the operation of the apparatus1 as thus far described1 will be more readily apparent from an inspection of ,fig4 #e4 ,assuming that the expansion coil there shown has been subject to a normal temperature of say #ge degrees ,fahrenheit1 and at that temperature the lever ,l is in the position shown in full lines on a decrease in temperature of say #aj degrees1 the contraction of the coil1 which will operate upon its entire length1 will exert a pressure at the ends thereof in the direction of the arrows1 the result of which will be to rotate the shaft ,j and raise the lever ,l against the force of the weighted lever ,k 7carrying the latter therewith7 to the position shown in dotted lines1 thereby actuating the ratchet wheels ,m#aa1 ,m#ab1 and winding up the springs ,m#i1 ,m#aj1 of the power-storage device1 the force there stored being afterwards taken off1 as required1 through the medium of the power transmission shaft ,m and spur wheel ,m and any suitable gearing or power transmission means4 ,the function of the flexible coupling indicated at ,m#bb will now be quite clear4 ,it will be seen that the coil spring ,n#h will be sufficiently strong not to give under the pull of the lever ,l except when the springs ,m#i1 ,m#aj are wound full4 ,when that condition exists1 the coil spring ,n#h will give1 under the force of the lever ,l1 and ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock no further power will be applied to the springs ,m#i1 ,m#aj4 ,when1 however1 those springs have become unwound to a sufficient extent the spring ,n#h of the coupling ,m#bb will be stronger than the springs of the power-storage device and will transmit1 from the expansion coil1 the force necessary to wind said springs as often as they become unwound2 in other cases the force will be expended in simply compressing the coil spring ,n#h without effect upon the springs of the power-storage device4 ,referring now to what ,i will term the force-increasing devices1 which are more clearly shown in ,figs4 #a1 #b1 #d1 #h and #i4 ,near each end of the upper knife-bar ,e1 and contacting therewith at its under surface1 is a support ,o1 in the form of a flat-headed bolt 7,fig4 #h71 the shank of said bolt passing through one end of lever ,o1 which is fulcrumed at ,o upon the upper surface of a cross-bar ,o securely fastened to the rear portion of the uprights ,c1 ,c4 ,to the front of said uprights is rigidly secured a second cross-bar ,o#d1 and at the lower portion of said uprights and rigidly secured thereto is a third cross-bar ,o#e1 against the under surface of which rests a lever ,o#f 7,fig4 #i7 having its fulcrum point at ,o#g4 ,as shown in ,fig4 #b1 there are three sets of the levers ,o1 at the upper end of the expansion coils at the rear side thereof below the knife-bars ,e1 one lever at each end of said bar and one in the middle thereof4 ,as these levers act directly upon the under surface of the knife-bars ,e to raise the same ,i will call them knife-bar lifting-levers4 ,there are also the same number of levers ,o#f at the lower end of the expansion coils below the cross-bar ,o#e projecting through to the forward side of the apparatus1 as shown in ,fig4 #a4 ,rigidly secured to the cross-bar ,o#d is one end of a relatively heavy metallic expansion strip ,o#h1--preferably formed of zinc--the lower end being secured to one end of the lever ,o#f2 to the opposite end of the lever ,o#f is secured the lower end of a similar but longer zinc strip ,o#i1 the upper end of the strip ,o#i being secured to the rear end of the lever ,o4 ,as shown in ,figs4 #a and #b1 there are two of these strips ,o#h at the front and two of the strips ,o#i at the rear of the apparatus4 ,in addition to the heavy strips ,o#h1 ,o#i1 there is provided at the front of the apparatus a heavy wide expansion sheet or strip ,o#aj1 which1 at its upper end1 is rigidly secured to the cross-bar ,o#d1 and at its lower end to the front end of the middle one of the levers ,o#f4 ,a similar heavy wide expansion sheet or strip ,o#aa is secured1 at its lower end1 to the rear end of the middle lever ,o#f1 and1 at its upper end1 to the middle one of the levers ,o4 ,these heavy strips ,o#h1 ,o#i and sheets ,o#aj1 ,o#aa are preferably formed of zinc1 and are not only capable of great expansion and contraction1 but will be capable by their contraction of lifting the entire weight of the knife-bars ,e1 with the carried balance-levers and expansion strips of expansion coils1 the operation thereof being as follows3 ,the front strips ,o#h and rear strips ,o#i and the front sheets ,o#aj and the rear sheets ,o#aa are connected to the levers ,o#f1 so as to form1 in effect1 single expansion strips and sheets of relatively great length4 ,they are fastened1 however1 at their front upper ends to the cross-bars ,o#d1 so that the expansion cannot extend beyond that point and takes place in a direction towards the opposite end1 and1 of course1 the contraction takes place in the opposite direction4 ,assuming now that at a temperature of say #ge degrees ,fahr4 these heavy strips and sheets lie in the position shown in ,figs4 #d and #i 7the heavy strips ,o#h1 ,o#i being shown in ,fig4 #i1 and the heavy wide sheets ,o#aj1 ,o#aa in ,fig4 #d71 on a decrease in temperature of say five degrees ,fahr41 the heavy strips ,o#h1 ,o#i and sheets ,o#aa1 ,o#ab will contract in the direction of the arrows1 depressing the rear ends of the levers ,o1 ,o#f1 and thereby through the levers ,o lifting the knife-bars ,e1 and the balance-levers suspended thereon1 with the result that the force normally exerted at the ends of each expansion coil is increased to the extent of the lifting power of the contraction of the metal strips and sheets4 ,i have found by experiment as well as observation that the average daily change of temperature in residence and office buildings is about five degrees4 ,sometimes the changes will be much greater1 and sometimes less4 ,on even a low average of temperature change1 my apparatus will be able to generate force in larger amounts than required1 and the surplus will be stored in a power-storage device such as above described1 or by means hereinafter referred to1 which surplus will ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,fig4 #e4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock be drawn upon when it should happen that the average temperature is approximately uniform4 ,for clearness of illustration1 ,i have shown1 as above stated1 but two sets of expansion coils1 but there is no limit to the number that may be used4 ,assuming that we have an apparatus with four expansion coils1 each knife-bar holding #ej balance levers1 giving a total of #bjj levers1 with expansion strips of the same number1 in #e-;foot lengths1 we would have a total of #a1jjj linear feet of zinc strips1 which entire length of strips will1 on the slightest change of temperature1 get longer or shorter4 ,the expansion and contracting of this #a1jjj feet of zinc strips for every temperature change of #e degrees ,fahr4 will be #a inch4 ,now1 assuming that the knife-bars are pulled upward by heavy strips ,o#h1 ,o#i1 and sheets ,o#aj1 ,o#aa of five feet length 7making ten feet for the front and rear strips and sheets71 on a decrease in temperature of #e degrees ,fahr4 the upward movement of those bars will be #aj-ajjj of one inch2 this contraction 7#aj-ajjj7 will now be multiplied as many times as there are levers and strips in the expansion coils1 viz41 #bjj times1 which would be #b inches1 and this1 together with #a inch from the contraction of the expansion coils alone1 will give a total movement of #c inches4 ,if the strips are of a capacity to pull or lift #ajj pounds1 we obtain a lift of #ajj pounds #c inches4 ,as thirty-three per cent approximately must be deducted for loss by stress 7it being necessary to place the coils under strain1 as shown in the drawings and described above71 the final result will be a power to lift #ajj pounds #b inches1 or #aj pounds #bj inches1 and this force will be sufficient to run a large sized time clock with powerful striking force4 ,as illustrated in ,figs4 #d1 #e1 #f and #g1 the power applied by the springs ,m#i1 ,m#aj to the power transmission shaft ,m is taken1 through the spur wheel ,m by means of any suitable gearing1 to run a clock or any other machine adapted to the purpose4 ,as there illustrated1 ,i show the spur wheel ,m meshing with a pinion ,p1 through which is driven the spur wheel ,p1 which latter meshes with a pinion ,p1 through which is driven a sprocket wheel ,p carried by the bracket ,p#d1 which latter1 as well as the shafts carrying said spur wheels and pinions1 are supported by an upright ,p#e mounted upon the casing ,m4 ,the sprocket wheel ,p carries a sprocket chain ,p#f1 which1 through any suitable gearing1 is adapted to wind the main spring of a clock indicated at ,q1 carried by suitable supports on the cross-bar ,q secured to the uprights ,c1 ,c4 ,as this clock may be of any well known form1 it will not be necessary to describe the same in detail1 except to state that as soon as the main spring of the clock becomes weaker than the springs of the power-storage device illustrated in ,fig4 #g1 the latter will wind the clock main spring1 and as in this manner it is wound frequently1 it is always kept at a uniform high tension1 which is desirable and results in good time-keeping4 ,in ,fig4 #ab ,i show a modification of my invention1 wherein1 instead of having the balance-levers ,f1 ,f arranged side by side1 they are superposed one above the other1 in this case a plurality of knife-bars ,e1 ,e also being superposed one above the other1 the expansion strips ,g1 ,g1 etc4 7in this case shown as formed of wires or rods71 and balance-levers being arranged in the same plane1 somewhat in the nature of a coiled spring1 the coil shaft being indicated at ,j and the coil lever at ,i1 to which are connected the end expansion strips ,g1 ,gx1 and the weight ,k for placing the coil under tension4 ,by this arrangement of balance-levers and expansion strips1 in the same plane1 much economy of space is effected1 and when desired1 a great number of such coils may be suspended upon the series of knife-bars4 ,in ,fig4 #ab ,i show two such coils connected in series1 the terminal expansion strip ,gx of the front coil being connected to one end of the lever ,i1 and the opposite terminal ,g of that coil being connected to the shortest one of the rear set of levers ,f#a1 the terminal ,gy of the rear set being connected to the other end of the lever ,i4 ,thus two or more such coils may be connected1 and the force of expansion and contraction of the combined coils transmitted to the lever ,i4 ,when a number of such combined coils are suspended from the knife-bars ,e1 ,e1 the levers connecting their respective terminals may be themselves connected by a system of compound levers such1 for example1 as shown in ,fig4 #ac1 to be hereinafter referred to4 ,referring now to ,figs4 #ac to #bj inclusive4 ,these figures illustrate another form of the invention whereby not only the power-storage device of the preceding ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,fig4 #g4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock figures may be dispensed with1 but also the main spring of the clock there shown1 both of these elements being supplanted by apparatus effecting the raising and lowering of weights 7in this instance shown in the form of balls71 the force of expansion and contraction of the coils being utilized to operate a rotary member which elevates a series of weights and discharges the same into a storage receiver1 the clock 7or other machine7 being operated through the energy so stored and given up by the falling of said weights4 ,as illustrated in said figures1 this feature of the invention consists of a frame1 indicated in whole at #aj1 located about midway the length of the expansion coils shown in ,fig4 #a1 and it may be supported by securing it to the uprights ,c1 ,c1 or in any other suitable manner4 ,said frame comprises two horizontally disposed longitudinal framing members1 #aj1 #aj;b1 which are connected at each end by cross-bars 7not shown74 ,mounted on the supports #aj1 #aj;b1 are four uprights1 #ab1 #ab;b1 #ac1 #ac;b4 ,the uprights #ab #ab;b are connected at their upper ends by a longitudinal framing member #ad1 and the uprights #ac #ac;b are connected by longitudinal framing member #ad;b1 said framing members #ad #ad;b being also in turn connected at their ends by transverse bars 7not shown71 said members constituting an open frame for the working parts of the apparatus4 ,mounted respectively upon the longitudinal framing members #aj #aj;b1 approximately midway thereof1 are two standards1 #af #af;b1 which are rigidly secured together by a cross-bar #ag1 said standards and cross-bar constituting a rigid support for the gearing now to be described4 ,rotatably mounted upon the standards #af1 #af;b is a driving shaft #ah1 one end of which is journaled in the standard #af1 and the other end in a bearing-bolt #ai passing through the standard #af;b1 which1 being threaded1 is capable of fine adjustment4 ,mounted upon and keyed to the shaft #ah is a wheel #ai1 the spokes #bj of which support a rim #ba1 within which are set a series of pockets #bb1 the inner surfaces of which are so shaped as to permit their receiving successively1 at the bottom of the wheel1 a series of balls #bc and holding the same during a travel of #ahj degrees1 or one-half revolution of the wheel1 when they are discharged as hereinafter described4 ,this wheel ,i will term an energy-storing wheel1 since it acts through the force taken from the expansion coils to raise the balls1 the lowering of which is to drive the wheel now to be described4 ,loosely mounted on the shaft #ah is a wheel #bd1 smaller in diameter than the wheel #ai1 the spokes #be of which1 secured to the hub #bf1 support a rim #bg1 within which are set a series of pockets #bh1 which are adapted to receive successively1 at the top of the wheel1 the balls #bc1 and discharge the same when they have been lowered through #ahj degrees or1 in other words1 at the bottom of the wheel4 ,the inner wall of the pockets #bh is formed1 for the most part1 with a pronounced rounded groove 7indicated at #bh71 as shown above the ball in ,fig4 #ah1 which groove lies under the ball when the pocket is in its uppermost position1 as shown in ,fig4 #ag1 said groove becoming less pronounced at one edge towards the opposite portion of the pocket1 at which point it has an approximately level surface at one side1 as shown in ,fig4 #ah1 and indicated at #bh;b2 the subject of this arrangement being that the ball may be readily discharged in this position1 and securely held within the pocket when the ball and pocket are in other positions4 ,the wheel #bd--which ,i will designate as the power-transmission wheel--is supported upon ball bearings indicated at #bh;c1 #bh;d1 which are held in position by collars #bh;e1 #bh;f1 both keyed to shaft #ah4 ,mounted upon a collar #bi1 which is keyed to the driving shaft #ah1 is a ratchet wheel #cj1 engaging the teeth of which are two pawls #ca1 #cb1 secured to one arm of a double-arm pawl-carrier #cc1 the other arm of which is connected by a rod #cd to a lever #ce1 one end of which lever is pivotally connected to a standard #cf1 secured to the frame1 and the other end of which is provided with a weight #cf4 ,near the inner end of the lever #ce connection is made by means of the connecting rods #cg and #ch1 link #ci and rods #dj1 #da1 with two levers indicated at ,l1 ,l1 which are adapted to take power from the expansion coils heretofore described1 through the coil shafts ,j1 ,j1 to which shafts are also connected the coil levers ,i1 ,i1 the ends of the latter being connected to the strips ,g1 ,gx of the expansion coil by the wires ,h1 ,h1 as already set forth and clearly illustrated in ,figs4 #b1 #c1 #e1 #f and #g4 ,as illustrated in ,fig4 #ac1 upon contraction of the ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,fig4 #i4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,fig4 #aa4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock expansion coils1 the wires ,h1 ,h will be pulled in the direction indicated by the arrows1 the ends of the long arms of the levers ,l1 ,l--through the movement of the shafts ,j1 ,j--will rise1 thereby1 through the rods #dj1 #da1 link #ci and rods #ch1 #cg1 raising the lever #ce1 and through the rod #cd actuating the pawl carrier #cc1 and through the pawls #ca1 #cb1 imparting rotary motion to the ratchet wheel #cj1 and1 through it1 to the shaft #ah and the power-storing wheel #ai1 said pawl carrier being returned to its normal position by the weight #cf4 ,motion of said wheel and shaft in the reverse direction is prevented by means of a ratchet wheel #db1 keyed to the collar #bi1 engaging the teeth of which wheel is a detent #dc1 carried by a plate #dd1 secured to the supports #de1 affixed to the standard #af4 ,the hub member #bf of the power transmission wheel #bd is provided with a sprocket wheel #df1 which is adapted to engage and drive a sprocket chain #dg1 and thereby drive the great wheel of a clock mechanism or gearing of any other machine adapted to the purpose4 ,having shown the mechanism for driving the energy-storing wheel #ai1 which1 as already stated1 is keyed to the shaft #ah1 ,i will now describe the mechanism for driving the power transmission wheel #bd1 which runs loose on the shaft #ah4 ,it will be seen from an inspection of ,fig4 #af that the wheel #ai is of greater diameter than the wheel #bd4 ,suitably mounted between said wheels1 on cross-bars #dh1 #di1 ,i provide a series of ball-storage runways designated in whole at #ej 7see ,fig4 #ad71 and1 as shown in ,fig4 #af1 these runways are laterally inclined downwardly from the wheel #ai to the wheel #bd4 ,similar ball runways designated in whole at #ea are provided at the lower portion of said wheels and between the same 7,fig4 #bj71 being mounted upon cross-bars #eb1 #ec1 but the last named runways are laterally inclined in the reverse direction to that of the runways #ej4 ,the ball-storage runways #ej comprise inclined floor members #ed1 #ed1 #ed;b1 each having longitudinally a slight downward inclination in the direction of the arrows4 ,these runways also comprise longitudinally extending walls #ee1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh1 one end of the wall #ee being curved to meet one end of the wall #eg1 leaving a passageway #ei between it and one end of the wall #ef4 ,one end of the wall #eh is similarly curved to meet one end of the wall #ef1 leaving a passageway #fj between it and one end of the wall #eg4 ,thus are provided parallel runways #fa1 #fb and #fc1 with passageways from one to the other1 whereby a ball deposited in runway #fa will move continuously from that end of the series of runways to the other end4 ,the runway #fa is provided with an end wall #fa1 and adjacent thereto the longitudinal wall #ee is provided with an opening #fa;b to permit the passage therethrough successively of balls from the energy-storing wheel #ai to the runway #fa4 ,projecting through the standard #af;b is a threaded bolt #fc1 the end of the shank of which is beveled1 as clearly shown in ,figs4 #ad and #af1 the function of which is to eject from the uppermost pocket #bb of the wheel #ai1 as the same revolves1 the balls #bc1 and thrust them successively into the runway #fa4 ,at the lower end of the runway #fc is provided a laterally movable receptacle #fd1 which has a receiving capacity of one ball only4 ,said receptacle comprises a base #fe and perpendicular stop #ff4 ,the base #fe is connected to the floor member #ed;b of the runway #fc by a horizontally disposed hinge #fg1 and to it is also affixed a plate #fh1 carrying a downwardly extending lever arm #fi1 which is formed at its lower extremity with an outwardly curving portion #gj1 which is adapted to engage with the spokes #be of the wheel #bd and be thereby pressed inwardly1 the result of which is to depress the outer end of the base #fe of the ball receptacle #fd1 inclining the same in such position that the ball therein will fall into the adjacent pocket of the wheel #bd1 the ball being prevented from falling therefrom on the opposite side by the stop #ga secured to the standard #af4 ,the center of gravity of the lever arm #fi is such that when the curved lower portion is in its normal forwardly extended position the rear side of the base #fe of the receptacle #fd will be depressed and the forward side elevated1 so that the forward side will normally project above the floor level of the runway #fc and serve as a stop to prevent more than one ball occupying any of the space within said receptacle at one time4 ,the ball-storage runways #ea comprise inclined floor members #gb1 #gb1 #gb;b1 each having a slight downward inclination longitudinally in the direction of the arrows4 ,they also comprise longitudinally extending walls #gc1 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock #gd1 #ge and #gf1 one end of the wall #gc being curved to meet one end of the wall #ge1 leaving a passageway #gg between it and one end of the wall #gd4 ,one end of the wall #gf is similarly curved to meet one end of the wall #gd1 leaving a passageway #gh between it and the other end of the wall #ge4 ,there are thus formed parallel runways #gi1 #hj and #ha1 with passageways from one to the other1 whereby a ball deposited at the other end of the runway #gi will move continuously from that end of the series of runways to the other end4 ,the runway #gi is provided with an end wall #hb1 and adjacent thereto the longitudinal wall #gf is provided with an opening #gf to permit the passage therethrough1 at intervals1 of balls from the power-transmission wheel #bd to the runway #gi4 ,adjacent the wall #hb is perpendicularly disposed pin #hb whereby the balls1 as they pass through the opening in the wall #gf are deflected to pass through the runway #gi in the direction of the arrow4 ,at the lower end of the runway #ha is provided a laterally movable receptacle #hc1 which has a receiving capacity for one ball only4 ,said receptacle comprises a base #hd and end stop #he4 ,said receptacle is horizontally hinged at #hf to the floor member #gb of the runway #ha1 and is provided with an outward extension #hg1 which is adapted to be engaged by a shoulder #hh on the ball pockets #bb1 and thereby depress the outer edge of the base of the receptacle in such a way as to eject the ball therefrom1 and place the same in the pocket of the wheel #ai4 ,it will be seen that the hinge #hf 7,fig4 #ai7 is off center and when the base #hd of the receptacle #hc is depressed at the rear the upper end of a pin #hi1 projecting upwardly from the base #hd contacts with the upper portion of the wall #gd1 thereby preventing the rear portion of the base being depressed too low4 ,when a ball is in said receptacle1 the forward end will be elevated so that a portion of the side edge of the base will be projected above the floor member of the runway #ha1 serving as a stop to prevent more than one ball occupying any of the space within said receptacle4 ,when one ball moves into a pocket #bb1 another ball quickly moves into the receptacle1 taking its position at the rear thereof4 ,this operation takes place when the base #hd is level with the floor member of the runway #ha1 the outer end of the base rising as soon as the pocket and its ball have passed by the projection #hg4 ,it will be seen that the energy-storing wheel #ai1 which takes its motive power through the shaft #ah from the expansion coils1 acts to raise the balls or weights from the lower ball runways #ea to the ball storage runways #ej4 ,the wheel #ai may act at more or less irregular intervals1 while the power transmission wheel #bd acts--and must act--continuously and regularly4 ,this wheel takes and transmits power from the lowering of the balls1 which are delivered to it when the pockets are in the position of the one shown uppermost in ,fig4 #ae1 and are discharged from the pockets when in the position of the one shown lowermost in said figure1 in which position of the wheel the approximately flat surface of the pocket 7,fig4 #ah7 is lowermost1 or under the ball1 permitting ready discharge of same4 ,from the delivery side of the power transmission wheel #bd the balls are discharged into the runway #gi1 being deflected into proper direction by the pin #hc1 thence passing through the passageway #gh through the runway #hj in the direction of the arrow1 thence through the opening #gg into the runway #ha1 thence into receptacle #hc1 and when the shoulder #hh of the energy-storing wheel #ai reaches a point opposite said receptacle the base of the latter is depressed1 which results in passing a ball into the wheel pocket2 as the wheel turns and the next pocket arrives in position another ball is taken on1 and so on1 as long as there are any balls in the lower runway4 ,when a ball on the wheel #ai reaches the uppermost position1 as shown in ,fig4 #af1 it contacts with the ejector #fc and is thereby passed into the runway #fa and thence to the lower end of that series of runways1 and in the same way the balls following will take position in the upper series of runways4 ,it will be understood that when my invention is applied to the operation of a clock the power taken from the power transmission wheel #bd will be given up gradually1 being controlled by the pendulum or balance wheel governed escapement in the usual way4 ,in the application of my invention as last above described the apparatus will be designed and built to furnish energy sufficient not only to run the clock1 but provide a surplus for storage4 ,on some days the variation in temperature may be but two or three degrees1 and on ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock other days it may be as high as twenty degrees4 ,if the clock requires for its operation the lowering of three balls each day the apparatus will be so arranged that with an average daily temperature variation of1 say1 six degrees1 four balls will be raised1 of which three will operate the power transmission wheel and one will be held in storage4 ,with a variation of twelve degrees1 eight balls will be raised1 of which five balls will be left in storage4 ,if the ball storage runways each have a holding capacity for one hundred balls1 and the variation in temperature is greater than required1 the balls will soon be lifted from the lower to the upper runways4 ,assuming that on certain days there will be no variation in temperature1 and as a result the energy-storing wheel should not revolve1 the running of the clock will not be interrupted1 for the power transmission wheel will continue revolving1 taking its power from the balls in storage4 ,i wish it understood that ,i do not confine myself to the precise details of construction and arrangement of parts as herein set forth and described or to the materials specified1 as modification and variation may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,fig4 #ae4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock ,illustration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,fig4 #ah4 ,fig4 #ai4 ,fig4 #bj4 ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,non-,,electric ,,regulator ,,time ,,clock--,,anniversary ,,self-,,winding4 ,patent ,applied for1 #aiaa4 ,,bangerter',s ,,non-,,electric ,,regulator ,,time ,,clock ,,anniversary ,,self-,,winding ,the ,bangerter ,anniversary ,self-,winding ,regulator deserves this title because its construction embodies all the principles essential to a ,regulator to be the very best time-keeper4 8,graham dead-beat escapement0 and a pendulum provided with means for keeping its gravity always the same length1 overcoming the variation which change in temperature invariably brings about4 ,another great improvement is the daily ,self-,winding ,system1 winding a weight which is the only means of maintaining an even pull to the delicate works of the clock4 ,wound by a force which requires attention one minute a year only4 ,this invention relates to clocks1 and particularly that class wherein a pendulum escapement is employed and wherein the clock-train is weight driven4 ,it is well known to those skilled in the art that the most accurate and reliable clocks are those which are driven by a weight4 ,most of such clocks are provided with a plurality of weights1 one being used to supply the energy necessary to strike the time1 and the other the energy for operating the clock-train1 and in clocks of such construction they have to be wound frequently1 usually either daily or weekly4 ,many attempts have been made to produce clocks which will run for a relatively long time without requiring the attention of an attendant to wind the same4 ,in such clocks 7other than electrical clocks7 powerful springs have been employed1 one of such springs being used for time-striking and the other for actuating the clock-train4 ,clocks of this class designed to run for an extended length of time1 such1 for example1 as period of1 say1 a year or more1 have been indifferent time-keepers1 due to the fact that the power of the springs becomes materially lessened during the latter part of the cycle of operations4 ,therefore1 spring-operated clocks1 calculated to be run for any great length of time1 have been more or less unsatisfactory1 and have not gone into very extensive use4 ,the object of my invention is to provide a clock which will not require the attention of an attendant but once in a long period of time1 and which will also be an accurate time-keeper4 ,a further object is to provide a clock operated by a uniformly pulling weight1 the pull of which is not varied by the lifting of said weight4 ,a further object is to provide a power-storage device and power transmission mechanism and automatic devices connected thereto1 whereby the power of said power-storage mechanism is utilized to wind up the clock--that is to say1 to lift the clock-train operating weight at certain definitely recurring intervals of time4 ,a further object of my invention is to provide1 in connection with such power-storage mechanism1 time-striking means operated by said power-storage device1 which being independent of the clock-train operating means does not interfere therewith4 ,a further object of my invention is to provide a single power-storage mechanism which will afford the power to strike the time and effect the winding of the clock1 doing away with two sets of mechanism 7one for each purpose71 as heretofore used4 ,a further object of my invention is to provide such a power-storage device that with one winding of the same the clock may be kept running1 and also striking the time1 for a year or more in duration4 ,a further object of my invention is to provide means in connection with said power-storage device whereby the winding of the clock-train does not interfere with continuous running and perfect time-keeping of the clock1 and does not require any supplemental propelling mechanism for the clock-train during the winding operation4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,,drawing ,,of ,,bangerter',s ,,self-,,winding ,,clock4 ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,fire ,,detector ,,and ,,fire ,,alarm4 ,this is the most marvelous little machine that science has ever devised to watch your house day and night4 ,it is the truest of all ,watch ,dogs and will in case of fire make such a loud and noisy alarm that you will wake up from the deepest of sleeps4 ,it calls when the fire is at its infancy1 in time to save you and your beloved ones4 ,it is a most simple little apparatus requiring no electricity1 no wiring or connections1 no care of any kind2 just as reliable after it has been hanging in your room for twenty years as it was when newly installed4 ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,fire ,,alarm ,,and ,,sprinkler4 ,more than a hundred million dollars is the yearly loss by fire in the ,united ,states2 #ej per cent4 of this loss is by water4 ,how important therefore is ,bangerter's 8,watch ,dog ,fire ,alarm and ,sprinkler10 regulated to ring1 first a loud call when a fire is in its infancy4 ,a watchman or anyone hearing the call can rush to the place and extinguish the fire4 ,the sprinkler will only work when the alarm call is not attended to4 ,our ,fire ,alarm and ,sprinkler system can be connected to piping from the water main1 or to the tank on the roof of a building1 but can also be installed in any place if there should be no water piping or tank4 ,in this case a water tank of from twenty to one hundred gallons of water has to be installed4 ,this tank can be set in any out of the way place4 ,compressed air keeps this water under high pressure1 and in case of fire the valves are automatically opened and the sprinkler will act with efficacious result4 ,,brief ,,biography ,,of ,,friedrich ,,bangerter ,friedrich ,bangerter can justly lay claim to being one of this country's leading inventors4 ,he has some fifty inventions to his credit4 ,he has been honored with ,silver and ,gold ,medals and ,diplomas4 ,his displays at great ,world's ,expositions have occasioned the utmost favorable comment4 ,his splendid record speaks for itself and shows the profound student1 the practical machinist and brainy inventor of worldwide experience with a long list of successes to his credit4 ,born in ,lyss1 ,switzerland1 in #ahfh1 at the age of #af he entered the machine shop of his town's watch factory as an apprentice4 ,there he was favored with the opportunity to become familiar with all sorts of tools and machines used in making watches4 ,by the age of #bb he so progressed that 8all by himself0 he constructed all the necessary machines to make watches and added so many important improvements1 embracing such automatic devices and machines in which hands1 moving from place to place1 picking up pieces of work1 then setting them in the right positions 7operating with such perfection and precision7 that he was called a wizard4 ,one of these automatic machines would pick up blanks from a wire1 set them in the machine from one to twenty-four at a time and cut the teeth of watch gearing perfectly4 ,another of ,bangerter's machines would take small1 smooth1 round steel rods and automatically make perfectly finished pinions with pivots1 shoulders and smallest holes4 ,an automatic trumpet of his invention would play a complete tune and was so simple in operation that a one-year-old child1 by simply blowing in it1 could play it4 ,united ,states ,patent #edcffh for a ,hair ,clipper1 issued to ,f4 ,bangerter1 ,san ,francisco1 is specified as follows3-- #edcffh4 ,hair ,clipper4 ,fred ,bangerter1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal41 assignor1 by mesne assignments1 to ,charles ,h4 ,greene1 same place4 ,filed ,july #ba1 #ahid4 ,renewed ,july #b1 #ahie4 ,serial ,no4 #eed1gae4 7,no model47 ,claim #a4 ,in a ,hair ,clipper1 the combination of the stationary and movable plates1 a pair of pivoted handles1 one of said handles being hinged or connected with one of said plates so that the device may be turned to different angles1 an opposing plate having its rear portion recessed and provided with rearwardly and upwardly extending curved arms1 and the other handle having arms adapted to enter the recess of said plate and engage the curved arms thereof in whatever position the device is turned4 ,in #ahib he exhibited an automatic figure in a big department store in ,san ,francisco which drew a complete portrait of ,christopher ,columbus4 ,united ,states ,patent #eabjhi was issued to ,mr4 ,bangerter for an 8,automatic ,delineating ,machine10 a toy doll which would correctly write the complete alphabet4 ,later he so improved this figure that it could spell and talk while writing4 ,at the ,paris ,exposition in #aijj he exhibited a most remarkable machine which made collar buttons4 ,three rods of metal were used at the same time--one to make the head of the button1 one the bottom or base1 and the other the stud4 ,the three parts of the collar button were perfectly made and finished4 ,the head was drilled and tapped1 the stud was threaded and screwed into the head while spun into the base or bottom4 ,the manufactured collar buttons fell into a box at the rate of #cjj an hour--thus effecting a great economy of metal4 ,in #aije1 at the ,belgium ,exposition1 he displayed an intensely interesting novelty--an 8,automatic ,jeweler--which1 with arm and hand1 operated an ordinary machine which turned out perfectly made collar buttons of which thousands were sold within the ,exposition ,grounds4 ,a most marvelous contrivance was his four-spindle ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,automatic ,,four ,,spindle ,,watch ,,chain ,,machine1 ,composed of ,over ,three ,thousand ,parts4 automatic watch chain machine composed of over three thousand parts4 ,this machine made from wire of four different metals1 namely1 gold1 silver1 nickel and ,german silver1 being fed into the machine at the same time would automatically make four watch chains of four different patterns completely and properly finished4 ,the chain itself1 an invention of ,mr4 ,bangerter1 was called the ,bangerter ,chain4 ,patent sold in ,france4 ,,bangerter',s ,,powderless ,,gun4 ,invention which ,,the ,,london ,,daily ,,telegraph calls the ,bangerter ,gun1 a marvel and masterpiece for war4 ,,new ,,york ,,herald3-- ,automatic ,invention ,operated by ,secret ,mechanical ,power ,is ,tested at ,stapleton1 ,s4 ,i4 ,a working model of an automatic machine gun which1 it is said1 will discharge bullets over a range of a mile or more at the rate of one million an hour1 with a muzzle velocity of more than #c1jjj feet per second1 and operated by a secret mechanical power1 was demonstrated yesterday by the inventor1 ,friedrich ,bangerter4 ,the model1 which was built to shoot a three-eighth-inch bullet1 was mounted behind a partition in the factory at #gi ,broad ,st41 ,stapleton1 ,s4 ,i4 ,all the motive parts were covered by a tarpaulin1 and the machine was run by an electric motor1 connected with the gun by a belt4 ,the muzzle was pointed through a hole in a partition1 and the observers having gathered behind a screen1 the motor was started4 ,the target1 a pine board1 was placed sixty feet away4 ,as the motor began to hum the operator turned a little wheel and a steady stream of bullets poured from the muzzle of the gun like a stream of water from the nozzle of a hose4 ,the target seemed to melt before the eyes as all the missiles struck it1 and in about #aj seconds the entire centre of the board had disappeared4 ,this model was built for round bullets1 but the inventor says that on a standard make gun1 which will have a half-inch bore1 conical bullets will be fired and the barrels1 of which there will be two1 will be rifled4 ,the principal use of the new gun1 according to the inventor's claim1 will be for operating against airships1 and1 as there is no recoil1 he says1 the gun can be pointed toward any point of the compass4 ,,new ,,york ,,times3-- ,a ,wonderful ,gun4--,a million bullets an hour can be fired without powder4444 ,it really does shoot4444 ,reporters see wooden targets torn to bits1 but the inventor won't let them see the works4 ,a gun that can shoot one million bullets per hour at a cost of #bj1 that uses neither powder nor compressed air1 and that fires bullets that do not require shells1 was shot for the enlightenment of a delegation of ,new ,york reporters yesterday afternoon4 ,the reporters saw the gun shoot1 but they were not permitted to see that part of the gun out of which the little steel bullets came with such rapidity4 ,the exhibition was in the factory building at ,no4 #gi ,broad street1 ,stapleton1 ,s4 ,i4 ,in a little room adjoining that in which were placed the reporters was the gun4 ,there were targets made of a series of big boards arranged about a foot behind one in front of it4 ,there were four targets4 ,at #d p4 m4 the shooting began4 ,the first of the targets was dragged into position4 ,a moment later the motor started up1 then the bullets started to fly4 ,they riddled the target into a pile of splinters a foot high1 and they did it in less than a minute4 ,all in all1 it was estimated that #ae1jjj bullets pierced the targets4 ,not only the first of the targets was riddled into a shapeless mass1 but each of the other three as well4 ,the reporters were permitted then to enter the gun-room4 ,they saw a motor1 from the wheel of which a belt was operated4 ,the belt connected the motor with another wheel1 which was a part of the mechanism of the gun1 on top of which was a covering out of which the bullets came4 ,they also saw the hoppers on either side of the gun into which the bullets are poured as they are needed4 ,the reporters asked to see the gun in operation4 ,the inventor ordered another target swung into position4 ,there was another whirl and a second storm of bullets struck the target4 ,the fusillade lasted about ten seconds4 ,again was the target demolished4 ,the ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,doll ,,writing1 ,,designing1 ,,talking ,,and ,,singing4 ,a ,great ,combination of ,cams and ,levers4 inventor refused to say anything about what was under the covering in the little gun-room4 ,wall ,street brokers had offered ,mr4 ,bangerter the necessary capital to build a standard size gun1 but ,mr4 ,bangerter soon found out that their plans were to get the secret of his invention and take it from him4 ,he therefore separated from these brokers and has had nothing to do with them since4 ,he has kept his secrets and has remained true to the words he declared which were published in the ,new ,york ,world of ,march #ast1 #aijh1 that if he does not make money out of his invention nobody else shall4 ,army officers and scientific men marvelled at the great results of ,bangerter's model gun4 ,before the tests no one believed in its success1 declaring it impossible4 ,mr4 ,bangerter has never applied for a patent for this invention1 as he intended to sell the secrets to a government1 and therefore kept the plans carefully4 ,naturally everyone was still skeptical as to the outcome of a standard-size gun1 and to show to those who kept an eye on him that impossibilities of yesterday are made the realities of to-day1 he centered his mind on another impossibility--his ,perpetual ,clock--while apparently forgetting his gun for a year4 8,perpetual ,motion the ,folly of ,all ,ages0 has become an eloquent reality4 ,a crowning result of his strenuous labor on this marvelous clock was the outcome of three other inventions which the studies in a large field of problems have brought to life as his anniversary self-winding clock1 his fire alarm and sprinkler apparatus4 ,these inventions and others not here mentioned1 owing to lack of space1 stamp ,friedrich ,bangerter as a most unusual and fertile-minded inventor4 ,his crowning achievement in inventing that marvel of marvels-- ,,bangerter',s ,,perpetual ,,time ,,clock has therefore a background of brilliant accomplishments1 profound studies and many natural abilities behind a work that shall ever establish his fame as inventor of ,the ,perpetual ,clock4 ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,automatic ,,jeweler4 ,this ,automatic ,jeweler ,making ,collar ,buttons at the ,belgian ,world ,exposition1 #aije1 ,often ,mistaken for a ,living ,man4 ,thousands of ,collar ,buttons of ,his ,make ,were ,sold ,within the ,exposition ,grounds4 ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,airship1 ,,the ,,star4 ,mr4 ,bangerter conceived the plans of his airship in #ahih and deposited the plans in ,france in ,march1 #aije4 ,by his principles the basket1 engine and traveler being about fifteen feet below the planes1 it is an absolute impossibility for it to turn turtle1 either by wind or storm4 ,the four planes automatically acting as parachutes in case of descending4 ,this airship can rise vertically and keep steady at any height1 permitting the dropping of explosives with accuracy after having aimed and regulated its position4 ,illustration3 ,,bangerter',s ,,powderless ,,gun4 ,view of ,targets ,which ,thousands of ,bullets ,have ,pierced4 ,thickness of the ,targets1 #b inch4 ,time1 #bj seconds4 ,,the ,mc,c,o,n,n,e,l,l ,,printing ,,co4 ,,new ,,york