,,! ,,sp]ry ,,gyro-,,compass1 ,,by ,,! ,,sp]ry ,,gyroscope ,,co4 ,illu/ration ,copyright1 #aibj ,,! ,,sp]ry ,,gyroscope ,,company ,,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,design$1 ,,engrav$ ,,& ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,l4 ,,/illson ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,sp]ry ,,gyro-,,compass ,illu/ration ,,! ,,sp]ry ,,gyroscope ,,co4 ,,ma9 ,,(fice ,,& ,,factory ,,manhattan ,,bridge ,,plaza4 ,,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 ,illu/ration3 ,man's fir/ v5ture 9 %ipbuild+ 0 ! ,raft4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,sp]ry ,,gyroscope ,,company ,bo/on1 ,mass4 #fj ,,virg9ia ,,/reet ,great ,lakes ,di/rict #hbh ,,gu>dian ,,build+ ,clevel&1 ,ohio ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #eb ,,davis ,,/reet ,ma9 ,european ,(fice3 ,,! ,,sp]ry ,,gyroscope ,,company1 ,ltd41 #ae ,victoria ,/reet1 ,london1 ,s4 ,w4 #a --,,repres5tatives-- ,france ,,comte ,a4 ,de,c,h,a,m,b,u,r,e #cg1 ,rue ,b]g]e ,p>is ,,georges ,,breittmay] #bj1 ,rue ,taitb\t ,p>is ,f4 ,j4 ,,delves #bj1 ,rue ,taitb\t ,p>is ,spa9 ,f4 ,,weydmann ,victoria #b ,madrid ,holl& ,,te*nis* ,,bureau ,,van ,,le5t ,nassaukade #ag ,ryswyk ,italy ,f4 ,p4 ,,camp]io ,via ,bagutta #bd ,milan ,sw$5 ,,graham ,,bros4 ,/ockholm ,d5m>k ,c4 ,,knuds5 #aa ,kobmagagade ,cop5hag5 ,norway ,,otto ,,plat\ ,skovvei5 #ci ,*ri/iania ,japan ,,mitsui ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,tokyo ,,mitsubi%i ,,zos5 ,,kai%a1 ,,ltd4 ,tokyo 7,= ,%ip ,/abiliz]7 ,*ili1 ,p]u ,bolivia ,,wessel ,,duval ,,co4 #be ,broad ,/reet ,new ,york ,illu/ration3 ,an inflat$ ox-sk9 ,balsa ( e>lie/ times4 ,,! ,,sp]ry ,,gyroscope ,,company ,illu/ration ,manufactur]s ( ,,gyro-,,compasses ,,gyro ,,%ip ,,/abiliz]s ,,gun-,,fire ,,control ,,app>atus ,,navigational ,,in/rum5ts ,,naval ,,& ,,comm]cial ,,se>*lights ,illu/ration3 ,! anci5t ,egyptians built boats ( ru%es4 ,putt+ ! ,e>? to ,"w ,:5 ! e>? 0 ?r[n (f f ! sun & comm5c$ rotat+ ab\t its own axis1 !re 0 develop$ a =ce g5]at$ by ! e>?'s rotation4 ,= c\ntless c5turies ?is =ce has be5 at "w1 b no "o has ev] be5 able to h>ness x to s]ve ! purposes ( man4 ,b n[1 ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ,f\cault1 ,hopk9s1 ,sp]ry1 & o!r not$ sci5ti/s1 ?is =ce has be5 put to "w4 ,x s]ves to direct a ?\s& %ips 9 _! c\rses4 ,( c\rse1 ?is is n ! only =ce :i* has be5 us$ to guide %ips4 ,s9ce #abig ,a4,d4 m>9]s h us$ magnetic attraction z ! =ce by :i* to guide _! vessels4 ,= c5turies seaf>+ m5 sail$ only 9 wood5 %ips1 & 7 !re=e satisfi$ ) ! magnetic compass4 ,!n came /eam & /eel4 ,navigation !n in/ead ( be+ a hit or miss game ( *ance became ! exact art ( direct+ a %ip by ! %orte/ possible c\rse 9 ! quicke/ possible "t4 ,n[ t %ips co/ millions ( doll>s to build & ?\s&s ( doll>s p] day to op]ate1 "t has become ! mo/ ess5tial elem5t 9 navigation4 ,! developm5t ( %ips f ! sail+ vessel to ! ocean greyh\nd has be5 "o ( ! m>vels ( mod]n times4 ,b ! developm5t ( ! magnetic compass has n kept pace ) ! developm5t ( ! %ips :i* rely ^u x4 ,_m ( ! great trans-,atlantic l9]s are guid$ by practically ! same type ( compass z t :i* ,columbus us$ on ! ,santa ,m>ia4 ,! compass on ! wood5 ,santa ,m>ia po9t$ to magnetic nor? ) a fair degree ( accuracy1 b ! compass on ! /eel greyh\nds mu/ cont5d ) _m di/ractions4 ,= ye>s magnetic compass design]s sp5t _! ef=ts to produce comp5sat+ devices t w\ld annul ! effects ( all ext]nal influ5ces1 s t ! magnetic compass w\ld be free to indicate only ! direction ( ! e>?'s magnetic l9es4 ,v little has be5 done to improve ! compass itself--x /ill dep5ds ^u ! attraction ( ! ,magnetic ,nor? ,pole4 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass diff]s 9 pr9ciple f any o!r compass4 ,x is n magnetic4 ,x d]ives its directive =ce1 n f magnetic attraction1 b f ! e>?'s rotation4 ,illu/ration3 ,be>+ ,repeat] on ,upp] ,bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,vik+s cross$ ! ,atlantic 9 op5 %ips4 ,!re is c]ta9ly a cry+ ne$ = ?is new type ( compass4 ,a %ip n[-a-days co/s millions ( doll>s & c>ries c>goes usually equal 9 value to t ( ! %ip4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t inaccuracies 9 navigation att5d+ ! use ( ! magnetic compass cause a ye>ly loss ( %ips to ! value ( #gj1jjj1jjj4 ,no e/imate c possibly be made on ! value ( lives lo/ on ^! %ips4 ,millions ( doll>s are sp5t ea* ye> on *>ts1 ligh?\ses1 buoys1 geodetic & hydrographic surveys1 & on compilation ( notices to m>9]s4 ,not)/&+ all ( ^!1 %ips mu/ ultimately dep5d ^u _! compasses = _! safety & effici5cy ( navigation4 ,inaccuracies 9 navigation c be elim9at$ by ! use ( a reliable compass4 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass puts ! e>? to "w4 ,x utilizes a =ce :i* is z unv>y+ z ! law ( gravity1 a =ce t _c be int]f]$ ) by any o!r influ5ce4 ,h[ ! ,e>?'s ,rotation ,is ,utiliz$ ,any :eel rotat+ at a high spe$ ab\t its own axis1 & free to place itself 9 any plane1 is call$ a ,gyroscope4 ,! ,gyroscope is ! in/rum5t :i* utilizes ! e>?'s rotation z a =ce to direct ! c\rse ( %ips4 ,suppose y 7 to place su* a small :eel support$ by its axis ^u a l>g] :eel :i* also is revolv+4 ,! rotation ( ! l>g] :eel w\ld s influ5ce ! small] :eel t its axis w\ld po9t 9 ! same direction z ! axis ( ! l>g] :eel4 ,:y ?is is ! case does n conc]n u "h4 ,let x suffice t ! l>g] :eel w cause ! small] :eel to behave 9 ?is mann]4 ,?is is 9 accordance ) a natural law4 ,?is law op]ates z unfail+ly z ! law :i* causes an unsupport$ body to fall to ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,prep>+ ,ma/] ,compass = ,te/4 ,suppose ! l>g] :eel happ5s to be ! e>?1 :i* 9 reality is a revolv+ :eel4 ,suppose fur!r1 ! small :eel is a ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass4 ,9 accordance ) ?is natural law j outl9$ ! small] :eel1 or ,gyro-,compass1 w po9t its axis 9 ! same direction z ! axis ( ! e>?1 or1 9 o!r words1 to ! true or geographical ,nor? ,pole4 ,?is explanation ( ! pr9ciple ( gyroscopic motion is necess>ily crude4 ,! pr9ciple itself has be5 e/abli%$ beyond any reasonable d\bt4 ,x c be prov$ by ma!matics to ! satisfaction ( ! mo/ exact+ sci5ti/ & has be5 demon/rat$1 ?r\gh\t ! navies ( ! _w1 to practical seam54 ,! f9al result is t we h a pr9ciple :i* enables u to con/ruct an in/rum5t :i* w place itself 9 ! true geographic nor? & s\? m]idian1 & t x responds to no influ5ce or impulse o!r ?an ! e>?'s unv>y+ rotation4 ,illu/ration3 ,galley-slaves drove ! ,triremes ( anci5t ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #a4 ,,! ,,e>? ,,surr\nd$ ,,by ,,rotat+ ,,:eels ,,z ,,x ,,appe>s ,,to ,,an ,,imag9>y ,,obs]v] ,,look+ ,,at ,,x ,,f ,,! ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #b4 ,,! ,,e>? ,,surr\nd$ ,,by ,,rotat+ ,,:eels ,,z ,,x ,,appe>s ,,to ,,an ,,imag9>y ,,obs]v] ,,look+ ,,directly ,,at ,,! ,,s\? ,,pole ,illu/ration3 ,a ,w>-%ip1 8:5 knigh?ood 0 9 fl[]04 ,h[ a ,compass is ,us$ ,! purpose ( a compass is to indicate direction4 ,! relative position ( ! ,nor? ,pole to any po9t on ! e>?'s surface is call$ ,nor?4 ,we figure all direction f ?is conception4 ,?is geographical ,nor? ,pole is call$ ! ,true ,nor?4 ,ab\t #hjj miles f ?is ,true ,nor? ,pole is a spot :i* has a /range magnetic attraction4 ,! ne$le ( ! magnetic compass1 if undi/urb$ by local influ5ces1 po9ts to ?is spot1 & n to ! ,true ,nor? ,pole4 ,?is spot is call$ ! ,magnetic ,nor? ,pole4 ,?is my/]i\s attractive spot is n /ation>y4 ,x moves ab\t f ye> to ye> )9 a wide circle4 ,inasmu* z ! navigator mu/ ref] to ,true ,nor?1 he mu/ det]m9e ! angle or v>iation betwe5 ,true ,nor? & ,magnetic ,nor? z indicat$ by 8 magnetic compass4 ,?is det]m9ation is made comp>atively easy by us+ *>ts :i* express 9 degrees ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,magnetic ,nor? & ,true ,nor? = any po9t on ! e>?'s surface4 ,su* a *>t is %[n 9 ,figure #c4 ,also on ea* *>t us$ by a navigator = a p>ticul> locality !re is m>k$ a compass rose 9 :i* is record$ ! v>iation = t exact spot z ( a c]ta9 date1 & 9 addition ! rate at :i* ! v>iation *anges annually1 ,figure #d4 ,navigation along a coa/ l9e :]e sights c be tak5 on buoys or ligh?\ses is simple1 & is t]m$ 8pilot+40 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 c be done )\t ! aid ( a compass4 ,illu/ration3 ,ma/] ,compasses ,await+ ,%ipm5t4 ,^u gett+ to op5 sea ! m>9] *ecks 8 position 9 a simil> mann]1 by obs]v+ ! position ( 8 %ip 9 relation to ! position ( ! sun1 moon or />s4 ,betwe5 obs]vations ! position ( a %ip is det]m9$ by 8dead reckon+40 ,! di/ance x has travel$ f ! la/ kn[n position is measur$ by ! %ip's log & ! direction is indicat$ by ! compass4 ,v (t5 = days at a "t1 ow+ to wea!r conditions1 x is impossible to get an obs]vation or sight on a cele/ial body4 ,dur+ ?is run ! navigator is dep5d5t entirely ^u ! compass4 ,! slighte/ error 9 ! compass1 due to v>iation or deviation1 9 su* circum/ances w cause ! %ip to be miles out ( its c\rse1 & ! actual position w be f> f ! calculat$ position4 ,illu/ration3 ,crusad]s sail$ to ,pale/9e 9 %ips l ?is4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #c1 ,figure #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,santa ,m>ia c>ri$ ,columbus to ! new _w4 ,! ,ideal ,compass ,if y 7 to conceive ( a compass :i* w\ld be free f all ! tr\bles & errors f\nd 9 mo/ compasses1 :i* w\ld relieve y ( all ! worry & c>e ! pres5t compass requires1 a compass :i* w\ld be accurate & reliable1 a compass :i* w\ld be ! ,ideal ,compass "u all conditions1 y w\ld und\bt$ly conceive ( a compass t _h ! foll[+ *>act]i/ics3 #a4 ,x mu/ po9t ,true ,nor?4 #b4 ,x mu/ free y f ! necessity ( mak+ calculations & corrections4 #c4 ,x mu/ free y f comp5sat+ ! compass = errors4 #d4 ,x mu/ free y f ! burd5 ( sw++ ! %ip1 or o!rwise tak+ ! deviation ( y\r compass4 #e4 ,x mu/ n be influ5c$ by inh]5t magnetism ( ! %ip4 #f4 ,x mu/ n be influ5c$ by any *ange 9 ! "* or disposition ( ! c>go4 #g4 ,x mu/ n be influ5c$ directly or indirectly by any temp]ature *anges4 #h4 ,x mu/ n be influ5c$ by ! roll or pit* ( ! %ip4 #i4 ,x mu/ n be influ5c$ by any wea!r conditions4 #aj4 ,9 ! ev5t ( failure1 or error1 x %\ld give in/ant w>n+4 ,comp>ison ( ! ,magnetic ,compass ) ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass ,let u comp>e ! ,magnetic ,compass ) ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass & det]m9e :i* m ne>ly approa*es ! ,ideal ,compass4 ,illu/ration ,true ,nor? ,! ,magnetic ,compass ,! ,magnetic ,compass does n po9t to ,true ,nor?1 x po9ts to ,magnetic ,nor?1 :i* is ab\t #hjj miles f ! ,true ,nor? ,pole4 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass1 :i* is n a ,magnetic ,compass1 & is n affect$ by a magnetism ( any sort1 & d]ives its directive =ce f ! e>?'s rotation1 po9ts ,true ,nor?4 ,x does n po9t to ! ,magnetic ,nor? ,pole4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,galleon1 ! treasure %ip ( ! ,spani% ,ma94 ,illu/ration ,fre$om ,f ,calculation ,e "t a %ip's c\rse is laid or *ang$1 or its position not$1 ! navigator mu/ make & apply calculations to correct ! errors caus$ by v>iation ( ! e>?'s magnetic fields1 & deviation due to local conditions ab\t ! %ip4 ,mi/akes are frequ5tly made 9 apply+ ! correction factors by apply+ !m to ! wrong side4 ,an error is ?us introduc$1 :i* 9 magnitude is twice ! correction factor4 ,in/ances are report$ ( %ips be+ #bjj miles out ( _! c\rses z a result4 ,! ,gyro-,compass requires no corrections s9ce x is undi/urb$ by v>iations or any local magnetic conditions4 ,! read+ indicat$ by ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass is n approximate--x is absolutely & imm$iately correct4 ,x is n necess>y to correct ! c\rse e few h\rs = v>iation--! navigator is fre$ f ! necessity ( mak+ calculations4 ,illu/ration ,fre$om ,f ,comp5sation ,aft] ! navigator has made calculations = ! deviation errors ( ! ,magnetic ,compass1 !y mu/ be appli$ by means ( manipulat+ ! s(t iron globes & comp5sat+ magnets4 ,?is is an op]ation requir+ su* a high degree ( skill t only tra9$ m5 call$ ,compass ,adju/]s are qualifi$ = ! "w4 ,! occasional turn+ ( a ?umb nut is ! only comp5sation necess>y 9 ! use ( a ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass4 ,no tables or curves are requir$4 ,! %ip's ,navigat+ ,(fic] makes ?is adju/m5t ) ease4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,%ip ( ! ,l9e1 ! dreadn\ght ( =m] days4 ,illu/ration ,fre$om ,f ,*eck+ ,deviation ,ea* "t a compass is comp5sat$ x is necess>y to *eck ! comp5sation by *eck+ ! deviation on v>i\s head+s4 ,?is may be done by ! use ( deflector magnets4 ,a m exact me?od is to sw+ ! %ip 9 a circle :ile be>+s are tak5 ( a kn[n object on l& & ! deviation not$ on v>i\s head+s4 ,! sun is (t5 tak5 z a ref]5ce po9t = ?is purpose4 ,x is nev] necess>y to sw+ %ip or to correct ! ,gyro-,compass = ei!r v>iation or deviation ( any k9d4 ,:]e a ,gyro-,compass & a magnetic compass are bo? us$ on a %ip1 ! %ip may be swung to correct ! magnetic compass--! ,gyro-,compass furni%+ true head+s4 ,! "t requir$ is !reby mat]ially %ort5$4 ,illu/ration ,influ5ces ,due to ,magnetism ( ! ,%ip ,:5 a /eel %ip is build+ a sub-p]man5t magnetism is induc$ 9 its keel1 hull1 & plates4 ,x causes a compass deviation class$ z 8semi-circul>40 ,?is deviation mu/ be comp5sat$ =4 ,z a %ip moves ?r\gh ! e>?'s magnetic fields 9 its v>y+ quantities & directions1 a tempor>y & v>y+ magnetism is induc$ 9 ! s(t iron ( ! %ip4 ,! resultant deviation is class$ z 8quadrantal10 & mu/ be comp5sat$ =4 ,! ,sp]ry is n a ,magnetic ,compass4 ,hamm]+1 rivet+1 & mov+ ?r\gh magnetic fields may induce magnetism 9 ! %ip1 b w h no effect ^u ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass4 ,!re is no condition ( ! %ip or c>go = :i* ! ,gyro-,compass mu/ be correct$4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,am]ican ,clipp]1 highe/ type ( sail+ %ips4 ,illu/ration ,influ5ces ,due to ,c>go ,*ange 9 ! "* or disposition ( ! c>go ( ! %ip causes a *ange 9 ! magnetic fields surr\nd+ ! compass4 ,^! *anges mu/ be comp5sat$ =4 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass is n affect$ by any c>go4 ,a c>go ( iron ore has no m effect ^u x ?an a c>go ( cotton4 ,y c\ld ev5 c>ry a load ( /rong magnets )\t caus+ ! slighte/ deviation4 ,illu/ration ,influ5ces ,due to ,temp]ature ,*anges ,*anges 9 ! temp]ature ( ! /ack1 due to %ift+ ( ! w9d & =ce ( draft1 v>y its magnetic *>act]i/ics4 ,consequ5tly ! ,magnetic ,compass is affect$4 ,temp]ature *anges d n influ5ce ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass4 ,no matt] :at ! conditions are t *ange ! magnetic *>act]i/ics ( ! /ack1 %ip or c>go1 !y _c affect ! ,gyro-,compass1 z x has no?+ :atev] to d ) magnetism4 ,illu/ration3 ,fulton's ,cl]mont u%]$ 9 ! age ( /eam4 ,illu/ration ,influ5ces ,due to ,roll & ,pit* ( ! ,%ip ,! ,magnetic ,compass ,ano!r error1 call$ heel+ error1 is caus$ by ! *ange 9 ! disposition ( ! mat]ial ( ! %ip ) ref]5ce to ! compass4 ,x is br\ght ab\t :5 ! %ip rolls4 ,= example1 a %ip head+ on a nor!rly c\rse w\ld1 if roll$ to port1 place all magnetic mat]ial ( ! %ip to ! ea/w>d ( ! compass4 ,?is pulls ! nor? end ( ! compass to ! ea/w>d4 ,! action & effect w\ld be j opposite to ?is on a roll to ! />bo>d4 ,! result is t ! ne$le is caus$ to oscillate 9 ei!r direction4 ,! helmsman 9 8 attempt to keep 8on0 w cause ! %ip to trav]se a s9u\s c\rse4 ,! c>d & ne$le ( ! magnetic compass are plac$ 9 a b[l fill$ ) a liquid4 ,! purpose 9 s do+ is to make ! action ( ! c>d some:at sluggi%1 s t x w n foll[ v slight magnetic di/ractions or %ip movem5ts4 ,e "t ! c\rse ( ! %ip is *ang$ ! sluggi% action1 due to adhesion betwe5 ! b[l1 liquid & c>d1 pulls ! compass (f ! m]idian4 ,(ficial te/ has %[n t f ?ree to f\r m9utes are requir$ = ! compass to ov]come ?is 8lag40 ,! 8lag0 is some:at less 9 ! dry c>d compass4 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass ,n only is ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass unaffect$ by magnetic conditions1 result+ f ! heel+ error1 b be=e be+ plac$ ^u ! %ip x is te/$ = days "u conditions simulat+ ! motion ( ! %ip 9 ! mo/ sev]e /orm4 ,a %ip /e]$ by ! ,gyro-,compass trav]ses a /raight l9e c\rse2 ! ,gyro-,compass does n oscillate ) ! roll+ ( ! %ip4 ,x is n necess>y = ! helmsman to use z mu* helm to keep ! %ip on h] c\rse4 ,a great sav+ is made 9 ! use ( ! /e]+ eng9e4 ,!re is no 8lag0 9 ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass1 because x does n leave ! m]idian1 no matt] :i* way or h[ quickly ! %ip may turn or zig-zag4 ,exhau/ive te/s h be5 conduct$ on compasses in/all$ on torp$o boat de/roy]s4 ,ev5 :5 zig-zagg+ at top spe$ 9 heavy seas ! ,gyro-,compass %[s no 8lag40 ,travel+ ! /raight l9e c\rse in/ead ( ! s9u\s c\rse1 %ips equipp$ ) ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass h sav$ f "o to t5 p] c5t 9 "t ov] ! av]age s*$ule "t requir$ to cov] _! c\rses :5 /e]+ by ! magnetic compass4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,savannah1 fir/ /eam%ip to cross ! ocean4 ,illu/ration ,w>n+ ( ,unreliability ,due to magnetic /orms & any numb] ( o!r causes ! magnetic compass may at any "t be di/ract$ s t x does n indicate correctly4 ,di/urbances are extrane\s & _! direction & magnitude _c be det]m9$4 ,! navigator is con/antly subject to ! feel+ t 8 compass may n be accurate--t he _c dep5d on x4 ,ab\t ! only ?+ t w cause an error 9 ! ,gyro-,compass is ! failure ( ! electrical p[] supply4 ,%\ld ?is cont+5cy occur an electric bell w>ns ! navigator4 ,any di/urbances mu/ orig9ate ) ! ma/] compass & c be quickly & accurately locat$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass unfail+ly po9ts ,true ,nor? "u all conditions ( wea!r1 %ip or c>go4 ,x relieves ! navigator ( calculation ( errors1 & tiresome compass comp5sations4 ,x makes a great sav+ 9 "t requir$ to 8sw+ %ip40 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass is1 !re=e1 ! ,ideal ,compass4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,ea/]n laid ! fir/ ,atlantic cable4 ,advantages ,att5d+ ! ,use ( ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass ,dur+ ! con/ruction ( a /eel %ip x is usual to build x on ways ! direction ( :i* lie 9 ! ,ea/-,we/ l9e4 ,%\ld ! ways be plac$ 9 a ,nor?-,s\? l9e ! rivet+ on ! keel & plates t5ds to help ! molecules ( metal to place !mselves p>allel to ! magnetic l9es ( =ce1 & magnetize ! metal4 ,:5 plac$ 9 ! ,ea/-,we/ l9e ! molecules ( metal 9 ! plates are at "r angles to ! magnetic l9es ( =ce1 & are n z easily magnetiz$4 ,! use ( ! ,gyro-,compass elim9ates ! necessity ( plac+ ! ways 9 ! ,ea/-,we/ l9e4 ,aft] a l>ge %ip has be5 laun*$1 & dur+ ! fitt+ out p]iod1 x is (t5 necess>y to h x swung end = end 9 ord] to neutralize or equalize ! magnetism induc$ by ! e>?'s magnetic field4 ,to sw+ a l>ge %ip end = end co/s any:]e f "o ?\s& 7#ajjj7 to ?ree ?\s& 7#cjjj7 doll>s4 ,! ,gyro-,compass is unaffect$ by any magnetic ph5om5a1 & is s dep5dable t x makes ! sw++ ( ! %ip unnecess>y4 ,9 con/ruct+ a %ip x is cu/om>y to make all metal p>ts )9 approximately t5 7#aj7 feet ( ! magnetic-compass /& ( bronze1 brass or o!r non-magnetic mat]ial4 ,! proximity ( magnetic metals s]i\sly affects ! accuracy ( ! compass4 ,all electric leads are run s z to cle> ! vic9ity ( ! compass1 z ! magnetic fields set up by su* conductors s]i\sly influ5ce ! compass ne$le4 ,actual exp]i5ce is on record t ! total in/allation co/ ( ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass has be5 sav$ _m times ov] by ! elim9ation ( special metals & special run ( electric leads4 ,illu/ration3 ,gyro-,compass ,s*ool = ,tra9+ ,%ip's ,(fic]s & ,m54 ,be=e />t+ on a long voyage1 especially ) a new %ip us+ ! magnetic compass1 x is cu/om>y to sw+ ! %ip ?r\gh a complete circle to *eck deviation4 ,to sw+ %ip x is fir/ necess>y to pick out a suitable object on l& hav+ a kn[n be>+ to ! %ip4 ,?is object is us$ z a ref]5ce po9t4 ,if at sea obs]vations are tak5 on ! sun4 ,! %ip is !n swung ?r\gh #cfj degrees1 /opp+ usually on ea* #ae-;degree head+1 & not+ ! deviation4 ,a table is made up %[+ ! deviation on ea* ( ^! head+s4 ,an attempt is !n made to s adju/ or manipulate ! comp5sat+ magnets to elim9ate ! error f\nd4 ,! %ip mu/ !n aga9 be swung ?r\gh #cfj degrees1 /opp+ at head+s z be=e to *eck ! appli$ comp5sation4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,/]n-:eel] ( e>ly /eam-boat+ days4 ,on "s %ips x is ! cu/om to *eck ! deviation by ! deflector magnet me?od4 ,! %ip 9 ?is case is put on a c]ta9 head+ & a magnet plac$ to "o side ( ! compass & ! deviation not$4 ,! same magnet is !n plac$ at an equal di/ance to ! opposite side & ! deviation not$4 ,! diff]5ce1 if any1 betwe5 ! read+s is ! deviation on t p>ticul> c\rse4 ,) ei!r me?od ( *eck+ = deviation1 consid]able "t is us$4 ,x is n necess>y to *eck = deviation or apply any comp5sation to ! ,gyro-,compass1 z x is n magnetic4 ,9 fact ! ,gyro-,compass has no?+ :atev] to d ) magnetism4 ,:5 at sea ! ,gyro-,compass af=ds ! means ( keep+ to ! /raight-l9e1 true c\rse4 ,! l9e ,a ,b1 ,figure #e1 %[s ! /raight-l9e c\rse f ! port ( ,new ,york to ! port ( ,liv]pool4 ,! l9e ,a ,c ,e ,b %[s1 ) exagg]ation1 ! actual c\rse /e]$ due to compass & o!r errors4 ,at ! po9t ,e ! %ip's position 0 *eck$ by obs]vation ( a cele/ial body4 ,! l9e ,e ,b repres5ts ! new c\rse set to br+ ! %ip to h] de/9ation4 ,?is is an occurr5ce :i* sometimes happ5s n once b (t5 dur+ a voyage4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e4 ,errors ( ,magnetic ,compass ,cause ,dep>ture ,f ,desir$ ,c\rse4 ,x is evid5t t a loss ( "t is involv$ :5 ! %ip leaves h] /raight l9e c\rse4 ,! inh]5t accuracy ( ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass enables ! %ip to keep to ! /raight l9e c\rse1 & also to /e] directly on true c\rses4 ,by keep+ on a /raight l9e c\rse ! %ip is enabl$ to make a good _m m miles on ! same numb] ( revolutions or turns ( ! propell]4 ,"u exactly ! same wea!r conditions a #af1jjj ton l9] made #cgj miles 9 #bd h\rs at an av]age ( #hf4ie revolutions p] m9ute p] mile :5 /e]$ by a magnetic compass1 & ! same l9] made #cgg miles ) #he4fa revolutions p] m9ute p] mile :5 /e]$ by ! ,gyro-,compass4 ,?is sav+ am\nts to easily #ej p] day = ?is %ip4 ,dur+ h] elev5-day voyage %e sav$ #eej4 ,at ?is rate ( sav+ ! ,gyro-,compass equipm5t is soon paid =4 ,illu/ration3 ,/e]+ ,repeat] 9 ,:eel ,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,turb9ia 0 ! fir/ turb9e /eam]4 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass does n oscillate ) ! roll+ ( ! %ip1 or 9 o!r words1 has no heel+ error4 ,! use ( ! helm is greatly dim9i%$4 ,records %[ t on "o trans-,atlantic l9] a sav+ ( #bd p]c5t 9 ! revolutions ( ! /e]+ eng9e1 :5 /e]$ by ,gyro-,compass1 0 effect$4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ trans-,atlantic l9]s reports t b "o-?ird ( ! helm is us$ :5 ! %ip is /e]$ by ,gyro-,compass4 ,?is sav+ 9 ! use ( ! /e]+ eng9e gives actual pro( t ! %ip navigat$ by a ,gyro-,compass /e]s a /raight l9e c\rse4 ,x fur!r proves t ! %ip does n div]t its slip-/ream z (t5--! p[] output ( ! ma9 eng9es is !reby r$uc$4 ,records tak5 on a well-kn[n pass5g] l9] %[ t 9 mak+ h] regul> trip betwe5 ,new ,york & ,jacksonville1 ,florida1 %e sav$ m ?an two h\rs due to /e]+ by a ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass4 ,a sav+ ( #c1daj turns ( h] propell] 0 also effect$4 ,^! sav+s 7 made ev5 ) mu* great] ?an ! usual draft4 ,records tak5 by means ( ! ,sp]ry ,record+ ,compass %[ t :5 ! helmsman is giv5 a c]ta9 c\rse he c keep ! %ip "o & "o-half degrees ne>] ! c\rse :5 /e]+ by ! ,gyro-,compass ?an :5 /e]+ by magnetic compass4 ,! ,gyro-,compass c make great sav+s 9 money bo? 9 con/ruction & op]ation ( ! %ip4 ,^! factors are p]haps trivial :5 comp>$ ) ! safety factor introduc$ by ! use ( ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass4 ,illu/ration3 ,high ,pot5tial ,te/ on ,repeat]s4 ,due to ! elim9ation ( ! _m unc]ta9ties ( ! magnetic compass1 insurance companies are favorably dispos$ t[>d ! use ( ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass1 :i* ultimately w result 9 a r$uction ( insurance rates4 ,! use ( ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass elim9ates inaccuracies due to navigation1 !reby sav+ "t1 insur+ ! %ip1 ! c>go1 & ! lives ( pass5g]s & crew4 ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compasses are op]at+ on _m ( ! _w's l>ge/ & fa/e/ pass5g] l9]s & c>go %ips4 ,^! %ips are mak+ sav+s e day ( fuel us$ & "t requir$ to make _! c\rses4 ,! navigators us+ ^! compasses f9d t !y c come v mu* ne>] _! calculat$ positions :5 /e]+ by ! ,gyro-,compass4 ,! ,gyro-,compass makes ! art ( navigation m exact4 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass is ! only "o to pass ! s]vice te/s 9 ! _w's navies4 ,illu/ration3 ,s*oon]s are economical1 ne$+ b small crews4 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass ,equipm5t ,! equipm5t :i* applies ! pr9ciple set =? 9 a practical way consi/s (3 #a4 ,! ,ma/]1 ,true ,nor? ,compass4 #b4 ,compass ,control-,panel--= controll+ ! electric curr5t4 #c4 ,repeat]s--op]at$ f ! ,ma/] ,compass1 & indicat+ its exact read+ at any in/ant4 #d4 ,motor-g5]ator--= conv]t+ ! %ip's curr5t into curr5t ( prop] *>act]i/ics = sp9n+ ! gyro :eels & op]at+ ! repeat]s4 #e4 ,/orage ,batt]y--= em]g5cy op]ation ( ! equipm5t 9 case ( failure ( ! %ip's supply4 ,! function ( ea* piece ( equipm5t & its relation to o!r p>ts is %[n on pages #bb & #bc4 ,! ,ma/] ,compass ,! ,ma/] ,gyro-,compass is conta9$ )9 a b9nacle /&1 ) glass dome top4 ,z %[n 9 ! photographs & sectional view1 ! tw9 gyro-:eels are support$ f a frame-"w :i* is 9 turn set 9 gimbal r+s4 ,! out] gimbal r+ is atta*$ to ! b9nacle /& by means ( a numb] ( support+ spr+s4 ,! spr+s are provid$ = protect+ ! compass aga9/ sudd5 j>s & vibrations4 ,figure #ah %[s a photograph ( ! top view1 :ile ! :eels are %[n f bel[ 9 ,figure #af4 ,a diagrammatic repres5tation ( ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass is %[n 9 plan view 9 ,figure #ag4 ,! elevation1 or side view1 is %[n 9 ,figure #ae4 ,^! draw+s %[ ! work+ p>ts ( ! ,gyro-,compass4 ,ea* ( ! tw9 gyro-:eels is enclos$ 9 a case1 :i* is 9 turn susp5d$ f ! ma9 frame & spid]4 ,! :eels are spun at a high spe$ 9 unison by means ( electricity4 ,! =ce ( ! e>?'s rotation comb9es ) ! =ce result+ f ! rotat+ :eels4 ,! resultant action ( ^! two =ces is t bo? :eels turn _! axes directly into1 or p>allel )1 ! e>?'s nor? & s\? m]idian4 ,! compass c>d1 ( c\rse1 also turns & indicates direction by comp>+ ! /ation>y 8lubb] l9e10 repres5t+ ! %ip's head1 ) ! compass c>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,us+ ,be>+ ,repeat] at ,sea4 ,illu/ration3 ,! trade ( ,*9a is c>ri$ 9 clumsy ,junks4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f4 ,control ,panel4 ,figure #g4 ,motor ,g5]ator4 ,figure #h4 ,ma/] ,compass4 ,figure #i4 ,/orage ,batt]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,/eel ,squ>e-rigg]s /ill compete ) /eam]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj4 ,repeat] on ,/e]+ ,/&4 ,figure #aa4 ,repeat]1 ,bulkhead ,type4 ,figure #ab4 ,be>+ ,repeat] 9 ,pelorus ,/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,dh[ is ! trad+ %ip ( ,ea/ ,africa4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ad4 ,a s+le gyro-:eel w\ld con/itute a satisfactory /ation>y1 or 8l& compass40 ,on %ipbo>d ! roll1 yaw & pit* ( ! %ip w\ld impose additional duty on a s+le :eel4 ,x w\ld h to po9t n only ,true ,nor?1 b also (fset ! effect ( ! sea4 ,"o ( ! two :eels is arrang$ to always po9t ,true ,nor?1 :ile its tw9 :eel opposes & neutralizes all influ5ces o!r ?an ! =ce ( ! e>?'s rotation4 ,! =ce ( bo? :eels is utiliz$ 9 seek+ ! m]idian4 ,! ,ma/] ,gyro-,compass is a m>vel ( me*anical p]fection & rugg$ness4 ,e rotat+ or revolv+ "p moves ^u special be>+s to r$uce friction4 ,x %\ld be not$ also t ! gyro-:eels d n directly op]ate ! compass c>d4 ,! compass c>d is turn$ by a small electric motor 7,azimu? ,motor71 ,figure #ag4 ,! slighte/ *ange 9 position betwe5 ! :eels & c>d op]ates ! 8trolley0 or electrical contact1 :i* controls ! ,azimu? ,motor4 ,! c>d is made to 8%ad[0 ! :eels4 ,! foll[-up is s close t ! c>d frame has be5 call$ ! 8phantom40 ,an electrical transmitt]1 ,figure #ag1 is op]at$ by ! movem5t ( ! c>d4 ,?is transmitt] is ! means by :i* ! repeat]s are kept 9 unison ) ! movem5ts ( ! ,ma/] ,gyro-,compass1 & made to %[ ! exact read+ at any in/ant4 ,aga9 ! ,azimu? ,motor furni%es ! v slight am\nt ( p[] requir$ to op]ate ?is device4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ac4 ,! ,ma/] ,compass is plac$ ne> ! c5t] ( ! %ip at ! wat] l9e4 ,at ?is po9t ! effect ( roll+ is at a m9imum4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n necess>y to place x exactly at ?is position4 ,figure #ac %[s ! approximate location ( ! v>i\s pieces ( equipm5t abo>d %ip4 ,! ,repeat]s ,illu/ration3 ,an indisp5sable l9k betwe5 produc] & consum]4 ,a famili> application ( ! repeat] pr9ciple is t us$ 9 hotels & public build+s1 :]e a numb] ( repeat] clocks are op]at$ f "o ma/] in/rum5t4 ,likewise1 ! repeat] us$ ^u ! bridge1 ! be>+ repeat]1 & ! "o at ! aft] /e]+ /ation1 are all op]at$ by electricity 9 p]fect unison ) ! ,ma/] ,gyro-,compass & %[ ! exact read+ ( ! ,ma/] at any in/ant4 ,repeat]s are op]at$ by a small electric motor )9 ea* case1 controll$ by ! transmitt] at ! ,ma/] ,gyro4 ,9 design+ ! repeat]s p>ticul> att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! electrical circuits s z to make all connections wat]1 spray & cond5sation pro(4 ,/uff+ tubes ( improv$ design are us$ at all outlets & entrances4 ,a m9iature electric lamp )9 ! repeat] supplies ! necess>y illum9ation ( ! dial4 ,! illum9ation c be bright5$ or dimm$ by turn+ ! swit* h&le on ! face ( ! t]m9al box4 ,! repeat]s are suppli$ 9 ?ree /yles3 #a4 ,repeat] m\nt$ on /e]+ /&--= use on bridge4 #b4 ,be>+ repeat] m\nt$ )9 pelorus /&4 #c4 ,repeat] m\nt$ on bulkhead 9 ,ma/]'s room1 or at ! aft] /e]+ /ation4 ,special /&s or fixtures c be suppli$ if necess>y4 ,a metal 8non-reflection0 cov] is suppli$ :i* c be fitt$ to ei!r ! bridge or ! aft] /e]+ repeat]s4 ,! cov] has adju/able doors & a hood4 ,its object is to exclude all light f ! top glass ( ! repeat] except at ! lubb]'s l9e4 ,no light w be reflect$ into ! eyes ( ! helmsman4 ,! doors c be clos$ until a v small sector ( ! repeat] dial appe>s at ! lubb]'s l9e4 ,exp]i5ce has prov$ t x is easi] to wat* & conc5trate :5 only a small portion ( ! dial is visible4 ,a magnify+ glass c be us$ 9 conjunction ) ! cov] s t ! repeat] indication c be read at a di/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,be>+ ,repeat] ) ,sp]ry ,azimu? ,circle4 ,! bridge & aft] /e]+ repeat]s are m\nt$ on adju/able brackets4 ,! position ( ! repeat] c be *ang$ s z to all[ a full face view ( ! dial f almo/ any angle4 ,! be>+ repeat] is ( great aid to ! navigator4 ,! repeat] is m\nt$ )9 ! /& &1 ( c\rse1 %[s ! exact read+ ( ! ,ma/] ,compass4 ,9 tak+ a be>+ on a di/ant object or a sun azimu? x is n necess>y to fir/ set ! 8dumb0 compass to correspond ) ! ma9 compass4 ,a con/ant true indication is af=d$4 ,in/allation ( ! be>+ repeat] c be made 9 su* a position on ! upp] bridge s t x may be us$ = /e]+ f t position z well z = tak+ be>+s4 ,a special pelorus /& cov] c be suppli$ ) w9d[s to all[ /e]+ ) ! cov] on1 s z to protect ! repeat] f spray & ! wea!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,! light uns9kable ,kayak ( ! ,eskimo4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #af4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,ore-/eam] ( ! ,am]ican ,great ,lakes4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,! great pa9t$ ,w>-,canoe ( ,alaskan ,indians4 ,an improv$ design ( azimu? circle is furni%$ :i* fits directly ov] ! top ( ! repeat]4 ,figures #bd & #bf1 on page #cj1 %[ ! azimu? circle & be>+ repeat] 9 use1 tak+ a be>+ on a di/ant object1 & on ! sun respectively4 ,?is azimu? circle is s con/ruct$ z to br+ ! object1 ! _s level & dial )9 ! field ( vision concurr5tly4 ,! be>+ c be tak5 ) great accuracy4 ,!re is no possibility ( ! ,ma/] ,compass *ang+ its position :ile ! pelorus is 9 use4 ,su* an occurr5ce is n uncommon :5 us+ ! ord9>y pelorus or 8dummy0 compass4 ,an additional graduat$ r+1 ,figure #be1 is suppli$ = plac+ "u ! azimu? circle s t 9 case ! ,gyro-,compass is n op]at+ su*1 = in/ance1 z :5 ! %ip is at an*or1 ! pelorus c /ill be us$ z a 8dumb0 compass4 ,! ma9 compass sett+ is made ^u ! r+1 & ! azimu? circle us$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,! be>+ repeat] c be furni%$ ) any "o ( ?ree k9ds ( azimu? circles4 ,! ,rit*ie circle is usually suppli$4 ,! pur*as] also has ! option ( *oos+ ei!r ! ,sp]ry circle or ! ,kelv9 ,azimu? ,mirror4 ,compass ,control-,panel ,! compass control-panel provides a means = controll+ ! v>i\s electrical p>ts ( ! ,gyro-,compass1 ! /orage batt]y1 motor-g5]ator & %ip's supply curr5t4 ,x is v compact1 neat1 & ( good appe>ance4 ,x receives electrical p[] f ! %ip's ma9s & di/ributes x to ! motor-g5]ator set1 ,ma/] ,compass & repeat]4 ,! swit* panel is made up ( black ebony asbe/os1 m\nt$ ^u angle iron4 ,! panel is usually m\nt$ ) its back ne> ! bulkheads1 b s h+$ z to admit ( access to its re>4 ,motor-,g5]ator ,! ,motor-,g5]ator suppli$ is an effici5t & exceptionally reliable piece ( equipm5t4 ,its purpose is to conv]t ! %ip's supply curr5t into electricity ( ! *>act]i/ics us$ 9 sp9n+ ! gyro-:eels & op]at+ ! repeat]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,l9e ( ,precision ,la!s4 ,/orage ,batt]y ,! complete failure ( ! electrical plant abo>d a mod]n %ip is an ev5t ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,if1 h[ev]1 su* a cont+5cy %\ld occur1 provision has be5 made = x 9 ! ,gyro-,compass equipm5t by supply+ a /orage batt]y ( suffici5t capacity to op]ate ! entire equipm5t = a p]iod ( two h\rs4 ,! batt]y is s connect$ electrically z to keep itself 9 a *>g$ condition :ile ! compass is op]at+ "u normal conditions4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,sup]-dreadn\ght1 ! bulw>k ( sea p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai1 ,,fig4 #bj1 ,,fig4 #ba1 ,,fig4 #bb1 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass ,repeat]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,dahabeah is ! pass5g] boat ( ! ,nile4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd1 ,,fig4 #be1 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass ,be>+ ,repeat] ,) ,azimu? ,circle4 ,illu/ration3 ,a fa/-/eam+ hotel = ocean travel]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg1 ,,fig4 #bh1 ,,fig4 #bi1 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,be>+ ,repeat] ,m\nt$ 9 ,pelorus ,/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,malay pirates use ! swift-sail+ ,proa4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ca4 ,sp]ry ,record+ ,compass ,an out/&+ feature ( ! ,gyro-,compass is t x makes possible ! record+ ( ! actual c\rses /e]$ by a vessel4 ,! record+ compass is connect$ to ! electrical circuits l a repeat] & foll[s ! movem5ts ( ! ,ma/] ,compass4 ,x n only indicates ! head+ at any in/ant1 b also makes a graphic record on a *>t4 ,radial l9es on ! *>t repres5t ! v>i\s c\rses4 ,conc5tric circles repres5t "t--ea* small division five m9utes--ea* l>ge division "o h\r4 ,! dial on :i* ! *>t is m\nt$ turns ) ! movem5ts ( ! ma/] compass br++ ! correct c\rse "u ! m>k+ po9t4 ,z ! "t advances a l9e is m>k$ on ! *>t %[+ ! exact c\rse /e]$ at a def9ite "t4 ,on />t+1 ! m>k+ arm is at ! inn] edge1 clockwork moves x t[>d ! out] edge ) uni=m motion4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #cb4 ,! *>t %[n 9 ,figure #cb =ms a valuable record4 ,x 0 tak5 on a %ip at a "t a radio call 0 receiv$ f a burn+ oil tank]4 ,be+ )9 ! di/ance def9$ by law1 ! %ip 0 legally1 z well z morally b\nd to proce$ to ! di/ress$ %ip4 ,! *>t %[s t ! c\rse 0 alt]$ to g to ! tank]'s aid4 ,x also %[$ ! exact "t1 !reby e/abli%+ pro( z to ! fulfillm5t ( ! obligation4 ,a few m9utes lat] ano!r radio call advis$ t ! fire abo>d ! tank] 0 ext+ui%$4 ,! *>t %[s t ! c\rse 0 aga9 alt]$ to br+ ! vessel back on h] orig9al giv5 c\rse4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,de/roy] is ! grey-h\nd ( ! sea4 ,! *>t fur!r %[s ! actual c\rses /e]$ 9 hold+ ! %ip on its giv5 c\rse4 ,x %[s j h[ effici5tly ea* helmsman h&les ! %ip4 ,x provides an excell5t me?od ( tra9+ helmsm5 to use less helm1 effect+ a sav+ by less frequ5t use ( ! /e]+ eng9e4 ,! record+ compass is a great aid to ! ,capta9 & ,navigator 9 improv+ ! navigat+ effici5cy ( ! %ip4 ,! record+ compass c be suppli$ z a "p ( ! ,gyro-,compass equipm5t--its additional co/ is small :5 comp>$ to ! sav+ & b5efits d]iv$ f its use4 ,op]ation ,! op]ation ( ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass is made easy by mak+ all p>ts z simple z possible4 ,9 />t+ ! equipm5t x is necess>y to turn b "o swit*4 ,! tw9 :eels imm$iately />t sp9n+ & w 9 a %ort "t come up to ! normal spe$4 ,aft] ! spe$ has be5 atta9$1 a %ort "t is all[$ = ! :eels to cause _! axes to 8settle10 or1 9 o!r words1 to seek & hold ! m]idian4 ,9 case ( failure ( ! %ip's supply1 or o!r tr\ble1 an audible signal imm$iately gives indication t some?+ is wrong4 ,?is is a decid$ improvem5t ov] ! ord9>y compass1 z no indication is af=d$ ( ! pres5ce ( factors :i* cause errors 9 its read+4 ,c>e ,all ( ! greate/ comm]cial aids require "s c>e1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! telephone1 typewrit]1 add+ ma*9e1 duplicat+ ma*9e & s on4 ,illu/ration3 ,be>+ ,repeat] ,equipp$ ) ,w9d[s 9 ,/orm ,cov]4 ,! magnetic compasses abo>d %ip receive especially wat*ful att5tion1 to see t !y are n m$dl$ or tamp]$ )4 ,z a rule ! entire %ip's crew1 includ+ ! y\nge/ appr5tice1 kn[s t ! compass mu/ 9 no way be h&l$4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass is a me*anical compass4 ,al?\gh ! v be/ mat]ials1 design & skill ent] into its con/ruction1 x is /ill liable to failure4 ,ev5 ) t possibility1 x is s sup]ior to ! magnetic compass t x m ?an ju/ifies its in/allation use4 ,9 ! same way ! electric light1 al?\gh liable to failure1 is va/ly sup]ior to ! old oil lamp4 ,! oil lamps are seldom us$1 yet !y are c>ri$ abo>d %ips = ! cont+5cy :i* might happ54 ,simil>ly a failure ( ! electric or hydraulic /e]+ ge> may necessitate ! tempor>y use ( ! ineffici5t h&-/e]+ ge>4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 ,v5ice1 graceful ,gondolas take ! place ( cabs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,repeat] at ,aft] ,/e]+ ,/ation4 ,fig4 #ce4 ,repeat] on ,w+ ( ,upp] ,bridge4 ,fig4 #cd4 ,be>+ ,repeat] on top ( ,:eel-h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,/eam-ya*t+ is ! mo/ co/ly ( all sports4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4 ,be>+ ,repeat]4 ,fig4 #cf4 ,repeat] at ,/e]+ ,/ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,m$it]ranean ,felucca1 swift 9 all wea!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,ma/] ,compasses on ,long ,run ,floor ,te/4 ,fig4 #ci4 ,ma/] ,compasses "u ,te/ on ,special ,ma*9e con/ruct$ to simulate ! motion ( a ,%ip 9 a ,heavy ,sea4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,subm>9e1 ! unse5 t]ror ( ! seas4 ,sp]ry ,s]vice ,:5 a ,gyro-,compass is sold ! int]e/ ( ,! ,sp]ry ,gyroscope ,company does n cease4 ,our int]e/ 9 our cu/om] is only beg9n+4 ,an exp]i5c$ s]vice eng9e] in/alls e ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass4 ,?is eng9e] is also available to make ! fir/ trip ) ! compass 9 ord] to assure its prop] op]ation4 ,aft] in/allation ! ,sp]ry ,s]vice ,eng9e]s are available 9 e l>ge port 9 ! _w to come abo>d & inspect1 clean1 repair & ov]haul ! ,gyro-,compass equipm5t s z to keep x 9 fir/ class op]at+ condition4 ,a radiogram s5t to any ( ! ,sp]ry ,s]vice ,/ations w br+ a ,s]vice ,eng9e] to meet y\r %ip4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> !re is no *>ge4 ,aft] ?is p]iod a reasonable *>ge is made = ! s]vice4 ,su* a *>ge is simil> to t at pres5t made by compass-adju/]s4 ,a li/ ( ! ,sp]ry ,repres5tatives is giv5 on ! title page ( ?is book4 ,workman%ip ,illu/ration3 ,rit*ie ,azimu? ,circle 9 ,use on ,be>+ ,repeat]4 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass is an in/rum5t ( precision4 ,f ! "w done by ! ,gyro-,compass & ! objects accompli%$ x w\ld be natural to class x z a sci5tific in/rum5t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m ?an t = ! reason t x has be5 made /rong & /urdy = op]ation "u ! mo/ sev]e conditions at sea4 ,! mo/ exp]t & skill$ workman%ip is requir$ to comb9e /r5g? & precision1 su* z f\nd 9 ! ,gyro-,compass4 ,! ,sp]ry organization prides itself ^u hav+ ! be/ workm5 t c be obta9$ = _! respective vocations4 ,! mat]ials us$ are ! v be/ obta9able4 ,! rigid & inflexible set ( pur*as+ specifications insures receiv+ ! be/ mat]ials4 ,a well organiz$ inspection =ce passes ^u all mat]ial ^u its receipt1 & ?r\gh ! v>i\s manufactur+ /ages to ! f9al product4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,sampan %oots ! rapids ( ,japanese riv]s4 ,te/+ ,ea* ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass is on te/ = sev]al days4 ,dur+ ?is "t x is put ?r\gh e devisable te/ to simulate ! conditions "u :i* x w h to op]ate4 ,figures #ch & #ci %[ a compass m\nt$ on a /& :i* is op]at$ by means ( motor driv5 ge>s1 cams1 etc41 s z to reproduce ! roll1 pit* & yaw ( a %ip at sea4 ,absolute accuracy ( ! ,ma/] ,compass & all repeat]s :ile op]at+ "u ?is condition is requir$4 ,! pur*as] is !reby assur$ t ! compass to be in/all$ ^u 8 %ip w h _h all manufactur+ inaccuracies or s-call$ 8k9ks0 work$ out4 ,a record ( ! te/ accompanies ea* compass4 ,pack+ ,special c>e is tak5 9 pack+ ! ,gyro-,compass = %ipm5t4 ,exp]i5ce ga9$ f ! %ipm5t ( hundr$s ( compasses has devis$ means :]eby to insure ! safe arrival ( all p>ts s t in/allation w n be delay$4 ,9 ord] t no injury may result to any p>ts1 ! ,gyro-,compass is unpack$ "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,sp]ry ,s]vice ,eng9e]4 ,! ,sp]ry ,s]vice ,organization ,! ,sp]ry ,s]vice ,organization is "o :i* s]ves 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,a corps ( ,s]vice ,eng9e]s1 hav+ special tra9+ at ! factory 9 all dep>tm5ts relat+ to ! ,gyro-,compass1 are available 9 ne>ly e l>ge port ( ! _w4 ,^! eng9e]s are ready to come abo>d y\r %ip1 to clean1 adju/ & ov]haul ! ,gyro-,compass1 ?us reliev+ ! navigator ( all c>e o!r ?an ! actual use ( ! ,gyro-,compass4 ,illu/ration3 ,ma/] ,compasses on ,te/+ ,ma*9e :i* simulates ! ,roll1 ,pit* & ,yaw ( ,%ip at ,sea4 ,dur+ ! w> we _h ,s]vice ,eng9e]s 9 e port :]e ! %ips ( ! ,navy 7 likely to call4 ,our m5 h be5 9 _m ( ! naval actions & h be5 able to r5d] v consid]able s]vice on _m unusual occasions4 ,= example1 x 0 desir$ to place an equipm5t on a ,briti% %ip :i* 0 on h] way to ! ,d>danelles4 ,! ,admiralty in/ruct$ u by telegram to h an equipm5t & a ,s]vice ,eng9e] meet ! %ip at ! ,briti% ,naval ,/ation at ,malta 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,by s5d+ ! equipm5t ) our ,s]vice ,eng9e] via a pass5g] tra9 to ! s\? ( ,italy & via de/roy] to ,malta we 7 able to meet ! %ip !re on ! day %e arriv$4 ,! %ip 0 able to /ay only tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & z x took ab\t f\r days to in/all ! equipm5t1 our eng9e] rema9$ on bo>d & f9i%$ ! "w :ile ! %ip 0 enr\te f ,malta to ! ,d>danelles4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,:ale-back1 /eadie/ ( all 9 r\gh wea!r4 ,?is %ip1 ! ,inflexible1 arriv$ at ! ,d>danelles j 9 "t to jo9 9 ! fir/ naval action direct$ aga9/ ! l& batt]ies4 ,dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ! engagem5t our eng9e] rema9$ ) ! ,ma/] ,compass :i* 0 in/all$ ne> ! dynamo room4 ,:5 he saw t x 0 function+ prop]ly he left x to g on deck & view ! action1 ! effects ( :i* he _h become aw>e (1 z a numb] ( %ells f ! l& batt]ies _h hit ! %ip4 ,almo/ imm$iately aft] he arriv$ on deck a torp$o /ruck ! %ip directly "u ! comp>tm5t :]e ! ,gyro-,compass 0 locat$1 kill+ e man 9 t comp>tm5t4 ,al?\gh badly damag$ ! %ip 0 able to get out ( range ( ! l& batt]ies & rea* ! naval base ne> ! ,d>danelles4 ,! ,gyro-,compass 01 ( c\rse1 almo/ totally de/roy$4 ,%ortly aft] ! action end$ our eng9e] 0 enabl$ to get a%ore on a ,greek isl& via "o ( ! ,briti% de/roy]s4 ,?is isl& _h a telegraph /ation :i* he us$ to cable u t 8,equipm5t ,no4 #bhf is "u f\r feet ( wat]10 & t we %\ld h ano!r equipm5t ready to replace x4 ,we took ?is telegram to ! ,admiralty :o au?oriz$ u to h ano!r equipm5t prep>$ to meet ?is %ip at ,gibralt>4 ,?is we did1 aga9 s5d+ a ,s]vice ,eng9e] :o met ! %ip at ,gibralt>1 on h] way back to ,engl& to be repair$ & refitt$4 ,! ,sp]ry ,s]vice ,organization /&s ready to help all %ips equipp$ ) a ,gyro-,compass at all times1 ev5 9 em]g5cies su* z ^? exp]i5c$ by naval vessels4 ,s]vice ,giv5 to ! ,_w's ,navies by ! ,gyro-,compass ,illu/ration3 ,/e]+ f ,be>+ ,repeat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,coracle ( anci5t ,brita91 /ill us$ 9 ,wales4 ,at ! "t ( ! battle ( ,coronel on ! we/ coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,inv9cible 0 be+ ov]haul$ at ! ,portsm\? ,docky>d 9 ,engl&4 ,%e 0 imm$iately ord]$ ) "o o!r l>ge ,briti% %ip to ,s\? ,am]ican wat]s "u ! comm& ( ,admiral ,/urdee1 to re-en=ce ! ,briti% fleet1 & !n to f9d & de/roy ! ,g]man %ips :i* _h defeat$ ! ,briti% at ! battle ( ,coronel4 ,:5 ! ov]haul ( ! ,inv9cible 0 complet$ & %e 0 ready to leave ! docks1 x 0 at fir/ plann$ to delay sail+ until ! %ip c\ld be swung & ! magnetic compasses comp5sat$4 ,x 0 decid$1 h[ev]1 t al?\gh ! compasses 7 badly 9 ne$ ( adju/m5t x 0 necess>y to save e m9ute 9 ord] to rea* ,s\? ,am]ican wat]s be=e ! ,g]man %ips c\ld f9d & de/roy ! ,briti% %ips rema9+ 9 ^? wat]s4 ,! ,inv9cible !re=e sail$ )\t adju/+ h] magnetic compasses & navigat$ entirely by ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass f ,portsm\? to ! ,falkl& ,isl&s4 ,:5 an azimu? 0 f9ally tak5 ! magnetic compass 0 f\nd to be out ab\t #bb degrees4 ,! ,inv9cible arriv$ at ! ,falkl& ,isl&s j 9 "t to coal be=e ! ,g]man fleet appe>$4 ,if ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,inv9cible _h n _h a ,gyro-,compass ! probabilities are t %e w\ld n h rea*$ ! ,falkl& ,isl&s 9 "t to w9 ! battle :i* took place almo/ imm$iately ^u h] arrival4 ,figure #di %[s a ,briti% subm>9e1 a si/] %ip ( ! ,e-#aa1 t ent]$ ! ,sea ( ,m>mora ?r\gh ! ,d>danelles = ! purpose ( de/roy+ ,turki% & ,g]man %ipp+4 ,! ,e-#aa put a torp$o "r into ,con/ant9ople h>bor4 ,! ,second ,(fic] ( ! ,e-#aa 9 relat+ ?is exploit1 /at$ t !y /e]$ by ! 8,sp]ry0 all ! way 9 & out4 ,8 rem>k 0 t1 8,x nev] let me d[n40 ,9 ?is exploit1 & _m o!rs ( a simil> nature1 ! ,gyro-,compass 0 us$ = all navigation4 ,^! extremely d>+ & haz>d\s op]ations w\ld n h be5 possible )\t ?is in/rum5t4 ,a simil> ,briti% subm>9e left ,h>wi* on ! ea/ coa/ ( ,engl&1 & dur+ a p]iod ( ?ree weeks made sev5 patrol trips1 & )\t once see+ ! sun1 f9ally return$ to ,h>wi* & pick$ up ! buoy at ! m\? ( ! h>bor )\t ! lea/ difficulty4 ,! navigation 9 ?is case 0 c>ri$ out entirely by ! ,gyro-,compass4 ,illu/ration3 ,repeat]s on ,te/4 ,figure #ed is a photograph ( ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,lion1 ! flag%ip ( ,admiral ,beatty 9 ! battle ( ,jutl&4 ,?is %ip 0 provid$ ) ! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass equipm5t e>ly 9 ! w>4 ,dur+ ! ,jutl& engagem5t a fire broke out 9 a magaz9e ( ! ,lion imm$iately bel[ ! two ,ma/] ,compasses :i* 7 locat$ 9 "o comp>tm5t4 ,x became s hot t ! lead %ea?+ 0 melt$ (f ! electric cables & "o ( ! ,gyro-,compasses 0 heat$ until its p>ts fus$4 ,not)/&+ ?is same heat ! o!r compass function$ ?r\gh\t ! entire action4 ,( ! %ips engag$ 9 ! battle ( ,jutl& practically all except ! de/roy]s 7 equipp$ ) ! ,gyro-,compass4 ,e "o ( !m p]=m$ p]fectly ?r\gh\t ! action except 9 ! case ( ! ,lion on :i* "o 0 de/roy$ by fire4 ,hundr$s ( ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compasses are vet]ans ( _m battles & enc\nt]s "u heavy gunfire & adv]se conditions4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,p[] ,boat1 small1 able1 reliable1 com=table4 ,illu/ration3 #dj4 ,r4 ,m4 ,s ,b]g5sfjord4 #da4 ,r4 ,m4 ,s4 ,aquitania4 #db4 ,s4 ,s4 ,l5ape4 #dc4 ,s4 ,s4 ,conneaut4 #dd4 ,ya*t ,lyndonia4 ,%ips ,equipp$ ) ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass4 ,illu/ration3 ,huge ,dug-,outs are us$ on ,african riv]s4 ,illu/ration3 #de4 ,u4,s4,s4 ,p5nsylvania-- ,e4 ,mull]1 ,jr4 #df4 ,u4,s4,s4 ,bu%4 #dg4 ,h4,m4,s4 ,inv9cible-- ,und]wood ,und]wood4 #dh4 ,r4 ,f4 ,la ,m>sellaise-- ,und]wood ,und]wood4 #di4 ,h4,m4 ,subm>9e ,e-#aa-- ,und]wood ,und]wood4 ,%ips ,equipp$ ) ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass4 ,illu/ration3 ,great ,colli]s c>ry coal = ! _w's navies4 ,illu/ration3 #ej4 ,h4 ,i4 ,m4 ,s4 ,kongo-- ,und]wood ,und]wood4 #ea4 ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,conte di ,cav\r-- ,und]wood ,und]wood4 #eb4 ,u4 ,s4 ,s4 ,delaw>e-- ,fir/ ,%ip to ,c>ry ,gyro-,compass4 #ec4 ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,que5 ,elizabe?-- ,we/]n ,newspap] ,union4 #ed4 ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,lion-- ,und]wood ,und]wood4 ,%ips ,equipp$ ) ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass4 ,illu/ration3 ,spe$y ,ice-boats provide ?rill+ w9t] sport4 ,telegrams ,inl&3 ,,sp]igyco1 ,vic1 ,london4 ,=eign3 ,,sp]igyco1 ,london4 ,telephone1 #gcih ,,victoria4 ,,! ,,sp]ry ,,gyroscope ,,company1 ,,ltd4 ,,new ,,york--,,london--,,milan--,,p>is ,,petrograd--,,tokio--,,cop5hag5 ,,/ockholm--,,la ,,hague #ae1 ,,victoria ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,s4 ,w4 ,augu/ #a/4 #aiaf4 ,b-#ciji4 ,! ,sp]ry ,gyroscope ,company1 ,,new ,,york4 ,g5tlem51 ,x gives me v great pleasure to in=m y t my ,company has receiv$ f ,_! ,lords ,commission]s ( ! ,admiralty1 "u date #bj? ,july1 ! foll[+ words ( comm5dation3 8,i am to add an expression ( ,_! ,lord%ips' appreciation ( ! valuable assi/ance r5d]$ to ! ,admiralty by y\r ,company s9ce ! outbreak ( ,w>1 9 y\r v prompt & effici5t execution ( ! important "w entru/$ to y04 ,i might m5tion t ?is 0 ! fir/ recomm5dation giv5 to a private ,firm by ! ,briti% ,admiralty = fifte5 ye>s1 & _h to be concurr$ 9 by no less ?an ?irty-sev5 ,gov]nm5t ,(ficials4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,! ,,sp]ry ,,gyroscope ,,company ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 signature ,manag+ ,director4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,orig9al spell+ & gramm> are g5]ally reta9$4 ,illu/rations are mov$ f inside p>agraphs to betwe5 p>agraphs4 ,orig9al italics looks l ?is4 ,orig9al small caps is conv]t$ to upp]case4 ,page #ba4 ,! second & ?ird li/ items "u ! head+ ,! ,sp]ry ,gyro-,compass ,equipm5t 7 incorrectly label$ #c4 & #b41 9 t ord]4 ,^! labels 7 correct$4