,,the ,,sperry ,,gyro-,,compass1 ,,by ,,the ,,sperry ,,gyroscope ,,co4 ,illustration ,copyright1 #aibj ,,the ,,sperry ,,gyroscope ,,company ,,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,designed1 ,,engraved ,,and ,,printed ,,by ,illustration3 ,,robert ,l4 ,,stillson ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,the ,,sperry ,,gyro-,,compass ,illustration ,,the ,,sperry ,,gyroscope ,,co4 ,,main ,,office ,,and ,,factory ,,manhattan ,,bridge ,,plaza4 ,,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 ,illustration3 ,man's first venture in shipbuilding was the ,raft4 ,illustration ,,the ,,sperry ,,gyroscope ,,company ,boston1 ,mass4 #fj ,,virginia ,,street ,great ,lakes ,district #hbh ,,guardian ,,building ,cleveland1 ,ohio ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #eb ,,davis ,,street ,main ,european ,office3 ,,the ,,sperry ,,gyroscope ,,company1 ,ltd41 #ae ,victoria ,street1 ,london1 ,s4 ,w4 #a --,,representatives-- ,france ,,comte ,a4 ,de,c,h,a,m,b,u,r,e #cg1 ,rue ,bergere ,paris ,,georges ,,breittmayer #bj1 ,rue ,taitbout ,paris ,f4 ,j4 ,,delves #bj1 ,rue ,taitbout ,paris ,spain ,f4 ,,weydmann ,victoria #b ,madrid ,holland ,,technisch ,,bureau ,,van ,,leent ,nassaukade #ag ,ryswyk ,italy ,f4 ,p4 ,,camperio ,via ,bagutta #bd ,milan ,sweden ,,graham ,,bros4 ,stockholm ,denmark ,c4 ,,knudsen #aa ,kobmagagade ,copenhagen ,norway ,,otto ,,platou ,skovveien #ci ,christiania ,japan ,,mitsui ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,tokyo ,,mitsubishi ,,zosen ,,kaisha1 ,,ltd4 ,tokyo 7,for ,ship ,stabilizer7 ,chili1 ,peru ,bolivia ,,wessel ,,duval ,,co4 #be ,broad ,street ,new ,york ,illustration3 ,an inflated ox-skin ,balsa of earliest times4 ,,the ,,sperry ,,gyroscope ,,company ,illustration ,manufacturers of ,,gyro-,,compasses ,,gyro ,,ship ,,stabilizers ,,gun-,,fire ,,control ,,apparatus ,,navigational ,,instruments ,,naval ,,and ,,commercial ,,searchlights ,illustration3 ,the ancient ,egyptians built boats of rushes4 ,putting the ,earth to ,work ,when the earth was thrown off from the sun and commenced rotating about its own axis1 there was developed a force generated by the earth's rotation4 ,for countless centuries this force has been at work1 but no one has ever been able to harness it to serve the purposes of man4 ,but now1 through the efforts of ,foucault1 ,hopkins1 ,sperry1 and other noted scientists1 this force has been put to work4 ,it serves to direct a thousand ships in their courses4 ,of course1 this is not the only force which has been used to guide ships4 ,since #abig ,a4,d4 mariners have used magnetic attraction as the force by which to guide their vessels4 ,for centuries seafaring men sailed only in wooden ships1 and were therefore satisfied with the magnetic compass4 ,then came steam and steel4 ,navigation then instead of being a hit or miss game of chance became the exact art of directing a ship by the shortest possible course in the quickest possible time4 ,now that ships cost millions of dollars to build and thousands of dollars per day to operate1 time has become the most essential element in navigation4 ,the development of ships from the sailing vessel to the ocean greyhound has been one of the marvels of modern times4 ,but the development of the magnetic compass has not kept pace with the development of the ships which rely upon it4 ,many of the great trans-,atlantic liners are guided by practically the same type of compass as that which ,columbus used on the ,santa ,maria4 ,the compass on the wooden ,santa ,maria pointed to magnetic north with a fair degree of accuracy1 but the compass on the steel greyhounds must contend with many distractions4 ,for years magnetic compass designers spent their efforts to produce compensating devices that would annul the effects of all external influences1 so that the magnetic compass would be free to indicate only the direction of the earth's magnetic lines4 ,very little has been done to improve the compass itself--it still depends upon the attraction of the ,magnetic ,north ,pole4 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass differs in principle from any other compass4 ,it is not magnetic4 ,it derives its directive force1 not from magnetic attraction1 but from the earth's rotation4 ,illustration3 ,bearing ,repeater on ,upper ,bridge4 ,illustration3 ,the ,vikings crossed the ,atlantic in open ships4 ,there is certainly a crying need for this new type of compass4 ,a ship now-a-days costs millions of dollars and carries cargoes usually equal in value to that of the ship4 ,it has been estimated that inaccuracies in navigation attending the use of the magnetic compass cause a yearly loss of ships to the value of #gj1jjj1jjj4 ,no estimate can possibly be made on the value of lives lost on these ships4 ,millions of dollars are spent each year on charts1 lighthouses1 buoys1 geodetic and hydrographic surveys1 and on compilation of notices to mariners4 ,notwithstanding all of these1 ships must ultimately depend upon their compasses for their safety and efficiency of navigation4 ,inaccuracies in navigation can be eliminated by the use of a reliable compass4 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass puts the earth to work4 ,it utilizes a force which is as unvarying as the law of gravity1 a force that cannot be interfered with by any other influence4 ,how the ,earth's ,rotation ,is ,utilized ,any wheel rotating at a high speed about its own axis1 and free to place itself in any plane1 is called a ,gyroscope4 ,the ,gyroscope is the instrument which utilizes the earth's rotation as a force to direct the course of ships4 ,suppose you were to place such a small wheel supported by its axis upon a larger wheel which also is revolving4 ,the rotation of the larger wheel would so influence the smaller wheel that its axis would point in the same direction as the axis of the larger wheel4 ,why this is the case does not concern us here4 ,let it suffice that the larger wheel will cause the smaller wheel to behave in this manner4 ,this is in accordance with a natural law4 ,this law operates as unfailingly as the law which causes an unsupported body to fall to the ground4 ,illustration3 ,preparing ,master ,compass for ,test4 ,suppose the larger wheel happens to be the earth1 which in reality is a revolving wheel4 ,suppose further1 the small wheel is a ,sperry ,gyro-,compass4 ,in accordance with this natural law just outlined the smaller wheel1 or ,gyro-,compass1 will point its axis in the same direction as the axis of the earth1 or1 in other words1 to the true or geographical ,north ,pole4 ,this explanation of the principle of gyroscopic motion is necessarily crude4 ,the principle itself has been established beyond any reasonable doubt4 ,it can be proved by mathematics to the satisfaction of the most exacting scientist and has been demonstrated1 throughout the navies of the world1 to practical seamen4 ,the final result is that we have a principle which enables us to construct an instrument which will place itself in the true geographic north and south meridian1 and that it responds to no influence or impulse other than the earth's unvarying rotation4 ,illustration3 ,galley-slaves drove the ,triremes of ancient ,rome4 ,illustration3 ,,figure #a4 ,,the ,,earth ,,surrounded ,,by ,,rotating ,,wheels ,,as ,,it ,,appears ,,to ,,an ,,imaginary ,,observer ,,looking ,,at ,,it ,,from ,,the ,,side4 ,illustration3 ,,figure #b4 ,,the ,,earth ,,surrounded ,,by ,,rotating ,,wheels ,,as ,,it ,,appears ,,to ,,an ,,imaginary ,,observer ,,looking ,,directly ,,at ,,the ,,south ,,pole ,illustration3 ,a ,war-ship1 8when knighthood was in flower04 ,how a ,compass is ,used ,the purpose of a compass is to indicate direction4 ,the relative position of the ,north ,pole to any point on the earth's surface is called ,north4 ,we figure all direction from this conception4 ,this geographical ,north ,pole is called the ,true ,north4 ,about #hjj miles from this ,true ,north ,pole is a spot which has a strange magnetic attraction4 ,the needle of the magnetic compass1 if undisturbed by local influences1 points to this spot1 and not to the ,true ,north ,pole4 ,this spot is called the ,magnetic ,north ,pole4 ,this mysterious attractive spot is not stationary4 ,it moves about from year to year within a wide circle4 ,inasmuch as the navigator must refer to ,true ,north1 he must determine the angle or variation between ,true ,north and ,magnetic ,north as indicated by his magnetic compass4 ,this determination is made comparatively easy by using charts which express in degrees the difference between ,magnetic ,north and ,true ,north for any point on the earth's surface4 ,such a chart is shown in ,figure #c4 ,also on each chart used by a navigator for a particular locality there is marked a compass rose in which is recorded the variation for that exact spot as of a certain date1 and in addition the rate at which the variation changes annually1 ,figure #d4 ,navigation along a coast line where sights can be taken on buoys or lighthouses is simple1 and is termed 8piloting40 ,this1 of course1 can be done without the aid of a compass4 ,illustration3 ,master ,compasses ,awaiting ,shipment4 ,upon getting to open sea the mariner checks his position in a similar manner1 by observing the position of his ship in relation to the position of the sun1 moon or stars4 ,between observations the position of a ship is determined by 8dead reckoning40 ,the distance it has traveled from the last known position is measured by the ship's log and the direction is indicated by the compass4 ,very often for days at a time1 owing to weather conditions1 it is impossible to get an observation or sight on a celestial body4 ,during this run the navigator is dependent entirely upon the compass4 ,the slightest error in the compass1 due to variation or deviation1 in such circumstances will cause the ship to be miles out of its course1 and the actual position will be far from the calculated position4 ,illustration3 ,crusaders sailed to ,palestine in ships like this4 ,illustration3 ,figure #c1 ,figure #d4 ,illustration3 ,the ,santa ,maria carried ,columbus to the new world4 ,the ,ideal ,compass ,if you were to conceive of a compass which would be free from all the troubles and errors found in most compasses1 which would relieve you of all the worry and care the present compass requires1 a compass which would be accurate and reliable1 a compass which would be the ,ideal ,compass under all conditions1 you would undoubtedly conceive of a compass that had the following characteristics3 #a4 ,it must point ,true ,north4 #b4 ,it must free you from the necessity of making calculations and corrections4 #c4 ,it must free you from compensating the compass for errors4 #d4 ,it must free you from the burden of swinging the ship1 or otherwise taking the deviation of your compass4 #e4 ,it must not be influenced by inherent magnetism of the ship4 #f4 ,it must not be influenced by any change in the character or disposition of the cargo4 #g4 ,it must not be influenced directly or indirectly by any temperature changes4 #h4 ,it must not be influenced by the roll or pitch of the ship4 #i4 ,it must not be influenced by any weather conditions4 #aj4 ,in the event of failure1 or error1 it should give instant warning4 ,comparison of the ,magnetic ,compass with the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass ,let us compare the ,magnetic ,compass with the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass and determine which more nearly approaches the ,ideal ,compass4 ,illustration ,true ,north ,the ,magnetic ,compass ,the ,magnetic ,compass does not point to ,true ,north1 it points to ,magnetic ,north1 which is about #hjj miles from the ,true ,north ,pole4 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass1 which is not a ,magnetic ,compass1 and is not affected by a magnetism of any sort1 and derives its directive force from the earth's rotation1 points ,true ,north4 ,it does not point to the ,magnetic ,north ,pole4 ,illustration3 ,a ,galleon1 the treasure ship of the ,spanish ,main4 ,illustration ,freedom ,from ,calculation ,every time a ship's course is laid or changed1 or its position noted1 the navigator must make and apply calculations to correct the errors caused by variation of the earth's magnetic fields1 and deviation due to local conditions about the ship4 ,mistakes are frequently made in applying the correction factors by applying them to the wrong side4 ,an error is thus introduced1 which in magnitude is twice the correction factor4 ,instances are reported of ships being #bjj miles out of their courses as a result4 ,the ,gyro-,compass requires no corrections since it is undisturbed by variations or any local magnetic conditions4 ,the reading indicated by the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass is not approximate--it is absolutely and immediately correct4 ,it is not necessary to correct the course every few hours for variation--the navigator is freed from the necessity of making calculations4 ,illustration ,freedom ,from ,compensation ,after the navigator has made calculations for the deviation errors of the ,magnetic ,compass1 they must be applied by means of manipulating the soft iron globes and compensating magnets4 ,this is an operation requiring such a high degree of skill that only trained men called ,compass ,adjusters are qualified for the work4 ,the occasional turning of a thumb nut is the only compensation necessary in the use of a ,sperry ,gyro-,compass4 ,no tables or curves are required4 ,the ship's ,navigating ,officer makes this adjustment with ease4 ,illustration3 ,a ,ship of the ,line1 the dreadnought of former days4 ,illustration ,freedom ,from ,checking ,deviation ,each time a compass is compensated it is necessary to check the compensation by checking the deviation on various headings4 ,this may be done by the use of deflector magnets4 ,a more exact method is to swing the ship in a circle while bearings are taken of a known object on land and the deviation noted on various headings4 ,the sun is often taken as a reference point for this purpose4 ,it is never necessary to swing ship or to correct the ,gyro-,compass for either variation or deviation of any kind4 ,where a ,gyro-,compass and a magnetic compass are both used on a ship1 the ship may be swung to correct the magnetic compass--the ,gyro-,compass furnishing true headings4 ,the time required is thereby materially shortened4 ,illustration ,influences ,due to ,magnetism of the ,ship ,when a steel ship is building a sub-permanent magnetism is induced in its keel1 hull1 and plates4 ,it causes a compass deviation classed as 8semi-circular40 ,this deviation must be compensated for4 ,as a ship moves through the earth's magnetic fields in its varying quantities and directions1 a temporary and varying magnetism is induced in the soft iron of the ship4 ,the resultant deviation is classed as 8quadrantal10 and must be compensated for4 ,the ,sperry is not a ,magnetic ,compass4 ,hammering1 riveting1 and moving through magnetic fields may induce magnetism in the ship1 but will have no effect upon the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass4 ,there is no condition of the ship or cargo for which the ,gyro-,compass must be corrected4 ,illustration3 ,an ,american ,clipper1 highest type of sailing ships4 ,illustration ,influences ,due to ,cargo ,change in the character or disposition of the cargo of the ship causes a change in the magnetic fields surrounding the compass4 ,these changes must be compensated for4 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass is not affected by any cargo4 ,a cargo of iron ore has no more effect upon it than a cargo of cotton4 ,you could even carry a load of strong magnets without causing the slightest deviation4 ,illustration ,influences ,due to ,temperature ,changes ,changes in the temperature of the stack1 due to shifting of the wind and force of draft1 vary its magnetic characteristics4 ,consequently the ,magnetic ,compass is affected4 ,temperature changes do not influence the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass4 ,no matter what the conditions are that change the magnetic characteristics of the stack1 ship or cargo1 they cannot affect the ,gyro-,compass1 as it has nothing whatever to do with magnetism4 ,illustration3 ,fulton's ,clermont ushered in the age of steam4 ,illustration ,influences ,due to ,roll and ,pitch of the ,ship ,the ,magnetic ,compass ,another error1 called heeling error1 is caused by the change in the disposition of the material of the ship with reference to the compass4 ,it is brought about when the ship rolls4 ,for example1 a ship heading on a northerly course would1 if rolled to port1 place all magnetic material of the ship to the eastward of the compass4 ,this pulls the north end of the compass to the eastward4 ,the action and effect would be just opposite to this on a roll to the starboard4 ,the result is that the needle is caused to oscillate in either direction4 ,the helmsman in his attempt to keep 8on0 will cause the ship to traverse a sinuous course4 ,the card and needle of the magnetic compass are placed in a bowl filled with a liquid4 ,the purpose in so doing is to make the action of the card somewhat sluggish1 so that it will not follow very slight magnetic distractions or ship movements4 ,every time the course of the ship is changed the sluggish action1 due to adhesion between the bowl1 liquid and card1 pulls the compass off the meridian4 ,official test has shown that from three to four minutes are required for the compass to overcome this 8lag40 ,the 8lag0 is somewhat less in the dry card compass4 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass ,not only is the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass unaffected by magnetic conditions1 resulting from the heeling error1 but before being placed upon the ship it is tested for days under conditions simulating the motion of the ship in the most severe storm4 ,a ship steered by the ,gyro-,compass traverses a straight line course2 the ,gyro-,compass does not oscillate with the rolling of the ship4 ,it is not necessary for the helmsman to use as much helm to keep the ship on her course4 ,a great saving is made in the use of the steering engine4 ,there is no 8lag0 in the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass1 because it does not leave the meridian1 no matter which way or how quickly the ship may turn or zig-zag4 ,exhaustive tests have been conducted on compasses installed on torpedo boat destroyers4 ,even when zig-zagging at top speed in heavy seas the ,gyro-,compass shows no 8lag40 ,traveling the straight line course instead of the sinuous course1 ships equipped with the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass have saved from one to ten per cent in time over the average schedule time required to cover their courses when steering by the magnetic compass4 ,illustration3 ,the ,savannah1 first steamship to cross the ocean4 ,illustration ,warning of ,unreliability ,due to magnetic storms and any number of other causes the magnetic compass may at any time be distracted so that it does not indicate correctly4 ,disturbances are extraneous and their direction and magnitude cannot be determined4 ,the navigator is constantly subject to the feeling that his compass may not be accurate--that he cannot depend on it4 ,about the only thing that will cause an error in the ,gyro-,compass is the failure of the electrical power supply4 ,should this contingency occur an electric bell warns the navigator4 ,any disturbances must originate with the master compass and can be quickly and accurately located4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass unfailingly points ,true ,north under all conditions of weather1 ship or cargo4 ,it relieves the navigator of calculation of errors1 and tiresome compass compensations4 ,it makes a great saving in time required to 8swing ship40 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass is1 therefore1 the ,ideal ,compass4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,the ,great ,eastern laid the first ,atlantic cable4 ,advantages ,attending the ,use of the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass ,during the construction of a steel ship it is usual to build it on ways the direction of which lie in the ,east-,west line4 ,should the ways be placed in a ,north-,south line the riveting on the keel and plates tends to help the molecules of metal to place themselves parallel to the magnetic lines of force1 and magnetize the metal4 ,when placed in the ,east-,west line the molecules of metal in the plates are at right angles to the magnetic lines of force1 and are not as easily magnetized4 ,the use of the ,gyro-,compass eliminates the necessity of placing the ways in the ,east-,west line4 ,after a large ship has been launched1 and during the fitting out period1 it is often necessary to have it swung end for end in order to neutralize or equalize the magnetism induced by the earth's magnetic field4 ,to swing a large ship end for end costs anywhere from one thousand 7#ajjj7 to three thousand 7#cjjj7 dollars4 ,the ,gyro-,compass is unaffected by any magnetic phenomena1 and is so dependable that it makes the swinging of the ship unnecessary4 ,in constructing a ship it is customary to make all metal parts within approximately ten 7#aj7 feet of the magnetic-compass stand of bronze1 brass or other non-magnetic material4 ,the proximity of magnetic metals seriously affects the accuracy of the compass4 ,all electric leads are run so as to clear the vicinity of the compass1 as the magnetic fields set up by such conductors seriously influence the compass needle4 ,actual experience is on record that the total installation cost of the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass has been saved many times over by the elimination of special metals and special run of electric leads4 ,illustration3 ,gyro-,compass ,school for ,training ,ship's ,officers and ,men4 ,before starting on a long voyage1 especially with a new ship using the magnetic compass1 it is customary to swing the ship through a complete circle to check deviation4 ,to swing ship it is first necessary to pick out a suitable object on land having a known bearing to the ship4 ,this object is used as a reference point4 ,if at sea observations are taken on the sun4 ,the ship is then swung through #cfj degrees1 stopping usually on each #ae-;degree heading1 and noting the deviation4 ,a table is made up showing the deviation on each of these headings4 ,an attempt is then made to so adjust or manipulate the compensating magnets to eliminate the error found4 ,the ship must then again be swung through #cfj degrees1 stopping at headings as before to check the applied compensation4 ,illustration3 ,a ,stern-wheeler of early steam-boating days4 ,on some ships it is the custom to check the deviation by the deflector magnet method4 ,the ship in this case is put on a certain heading and a magnet placed to one side of the compass and the deviation noted4 ,the same magnet is then placed at an equal distance to the opposite side and the deviation noted4 ,the difference1 if any1 between the readings is the deviation on that particular course4 ,with either method of checking for deviation1 considerable time is used4 ,it is not necessary to check for deviation or apply any compensation to the ,gyro-,compass1 as it is not magnetic4 ,in fact the ,gyro-,compass has nothing whatever to do with magnetism4 ,when at sea the ,gyro-,compass affords the means of keeping to the straight-line1 true course4 ,the line ,a ,b1 ,figure #e1 shows the straight-line course from the port of ,new ,york to the port of ,liverpool4 ,the line ,a ,c ,e ,b shows1 with exaggeration1 the actual course steered due to compass and other errors4 ,at the point ,e the ship's position was checked by observation of a celestial body4 ,the line ,e ,b represents the new course set to bring the ship to her destination4 ,this is an occurrence which sometimes happens not once but often during a voyage4 ,illustration3 ,figure #e4 ,errors of ,magnetic ,compass ,cause ,departure ,from ,desired ,course4 ,it is evident that a loss of time is involved when the ship leaves her straight line course4 ,the inherent accuracy of the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass enables the ship to keep to the straight line course1 and also to steer directly on true courses4 ,by keeping on a straight line course the ship is enabled to make a good many more miles on the same number of revolutions or turns of the propeller4 ,under exactly the same weather conditions a #af1jjj ton liner made #cgj miles in #bd hours at an average of #hf4ie revolutions per minute per mile when steered by a magnetic compass1 and the same liner made #cgg miles with #he4fa revolutions per minute per mile when steered by the ,gyro-,compass4 ,this saving amounts to easily #ej per day for this ship4 ,during her eleven-day voyage she saved #eej4 ,at this rate of saving the ,gyro-,compass equipment is soon paid for4 ,illustration3 ,steering ,repeater in ,wheel ,house4 ,illustration3 ,the ,turbinia was the first turbine steamer4 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass does not oscillate with the rolling of the ship1 or in other words1 has no heeling error4 ,the use of the helm is greatly diminished4 ,records show that on one trans-,atlantic liner a saving of #bd percent in the revolutions of the steering engine1 when steered by ,gyro-,compass1 was effected4 ,one of the largest trans-,atlantic liners reports that but one-third of the helm is used when the ship is steered by ,gyro-,compass4 ,this saving in the use of the steering engine gives actual proof that the ship navigated by a ,gyro-,compass steers a straight line course4 ,it further proves that the ship does not divert its slip-stream as often--the power output of the main engines is thereby reduced4 ,records taken on a well-known passenger liner show that in making her regular trip between ,new ,york and ,jacksonville1 ,florida1 she saved more than two hours due to steering by a ,sperry ,gyro-,compass4 ,a saving of #c1daj turns of her propeller was also effected4 ,these savings were made even with much greater than the usual draft4 ,records taken by means of the ,sperry ,recording ,compass show that when the helmsman is given a certain course he can keep the ship one and one-half degrees nearer the course when steering by the ,gyro-,compass than when steering by magnetic compass4 ,the ,gyro-,compass can make great savings in money both in construction and operation of the ship4 ,these factors are perhaps trivial when compared with the safety factor introduced by the use of the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass4 ,illustration3 ,high ,potential ,test on ,repeaters4 ,due to the elimination of the many uncertainties of the magnetic compass1 insurance companies are favorably disposed toward the use of the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass1 which ultimately will result in a reduction of insurance rates4 ,the use of the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass eliminates inaccuracies due to navigation1 thereby saving time1 insuring the ship1 the cargo1 and the lives of passengers and crew4 ,sperry ,gyro-,compasses are operating on many of the world's largest and fastest passenger liners and cargo ships4 ,these ships are making savings every day of fuel used and time required to make their courses4 ,the navigators using these compasses find that they can come very much nearer their calculated positions when steering by the ,gyro-,compass4 ,the ,gyro-,compass makes the art of navigation more exact4 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass is the only one to pass the service tests in the world's navies4 ,illustration3 ,schooners are economical1 needing but small crews4 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass ,equipment ,the equipment which applies the principle set forth in a practical way consists of3 #a4 ,the ,master1 ,true ,north ,compass4 #b4 ,compass ,control-,panel--for controlling the electric current4 #c4 ,repeaters--operated from the ,master ,compass1 and indicating its exact reading at any instant4 #d4 ,motor-generator--for converting the ship's current into current of proper characteristics for spinning the gyro wheels and operating the repeaters4 #e4 ,storage ,battery--for emergency operation of the equipment in case of failure of the ship's supply4 ,the function of each piece of equipment and its relation to other parts is shown on pages #bb and #bc4 ,the ,master ,compass ,the ,master ,gyro-,compass is contained within a binnacle stand1 with glass dome top4 ,as shown in the photographs and sectional view1 the twin gyro-wheels are supported from a frame-work which is in turn set in gimbal rings4 ,the outer gimbal ring is attached to the binnacle stand by means of a number of supporting springs4 ,the springs are provided for protecting the compass against sudden jars and vibrations4 ,figure #ah shows a photograph of the top view1 while the wheels are shown from below in ,figure #af4 ,a diagrammatic representation of the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass is shown in plan view in ,figure #ag4 ,the elevation1 or side view1 is shown in ,figure #ae4 ,these drawings show the working parts of the ,gyro-,compass4 ,each of the twin gyro-wheels is enclosed in a case1 which is in turn suspended from the main frame and spider4 ,the wheels are spun at a high speed in unison by means of electricity4 ,the force of the earth's rotation combines with the force resulting from the rotating wheels4 ,the resultant action of these two forces is that both wheels turn their axes directly into1 or parallel with1 the earth's north and south meridian4 ,the compass card1 of course1 also turns and indicates direction by comparing the stationary 8lubber line10 representing the ship's head1 with the compass card4 ,illustration3 ,using ,bearing ,repeater at ,sea4 ,illustration3 ,the trade of ,china is carried in clumsy ,junks4 ,illustration3 ,figure #f4 ,control ,panel4 ,figure #g4 ,motor ,generator4 ,figure #h4 ,master ,compass4 ,figure #i4 ,storage ,battery4 ,illustration3 ,steel ,square-riggers still compete with steamers4 ,illustration3 ,figure #aj4 ,repeater on ,steering ,stand4 ,figure #aa4 ,repeater1 ,bulkhead ,type4 ,figure #ab4 ,bearing ,repeater in ,pelorus ,stand4 ,illustration3 ,the ,dhow is the trading ship of ,east ,africa4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ad4 ,a single gyro-wheel would constitute a satisfactory stationary1 or 8land compass40 ,on shipboard the roll1 yaw and pitch of the ship would impose additional duty on a single wheel4 ,it would have to point not only ,true ,north1 but also offset the effect of the sea4 ,one of the two wheels is arranged to always point ,true ,north1 while its twin wheel opposes and neutralizes all influences other than the force of the earth's rotation4 ,the force of both wheels is utilized in seeking the meridian4 ,the ,master ,gyro-,compass is a marvel of mechanical perfection and ruggedness4 ,every rotating or revolving part moves upon special bearings to reduce friction4 ,it should be noted also that the gyro-wheels do not directly operate the compass card4 ,the compass card is turned by a small electric motor 7,azimuth ,motor71 ,figure #ag4 ,the slightest change in position between the wheels and card operates the 8trolley0 or electrical contact1 which controls the ,azimuth ,motor4 ,the card is made to 8shadow0 the wheels4 ,the follow-up is so close that the card frame has been called the 8phantom40 ,an electrical transmitter1 ,figure #ag1 is operated by the movement of the card4 ,this transmitter is the means by which the repeaters are kept in unison with the movements of the ,master ,gyro-,compass1 and made to show the exact reading at any instant4 ,again the ,azimuth ,motor furnishes the very slight amount of power required to operate this device4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ac4 ,the ,master ,compass is placed near the center of the ship at the water line4 ,at this point the effect of rolling is at a minimum4 ,it is1 however1 not necessary to place it exactly at this position4 ,figure #ac shows the approximate location of the various pieces of equipment aboard ship4 ,the ,repeaters ,illustration3 ,an indispensable link between producer and consumer4 ,a familiar application of the repeater principle is that used in hotels and public buildings1 where a number of repeater clocks are operated from one master instrument4 ,likewise1 the repeater used upon the bridge1 the bearing repeater1 and the one at the after steering station1 are all operated by electricity in perfect unison with the ,master ,gyro-,compass and show the exact reading of the ,master at any instant4 ,repeaters are operated by a small electric motor within each case1 controlled by the transmitter at the ,master ,gyro4 ,in designing the repeaters particular attention has been given to the electrical circuits so as to make all connections water1 spray and condensation proof4 ,stuffing tubes of improved design are used at all outlets and entrances4 ,a miniature electric lamp within the repeater supplies the necessary illumination of the dial4 ,the illumination can be brightened or dimmed by turning the switch handle on the face of the terminal box4 ,the repeaters are supplied in three styles3 #a4 ,repeater mounted on steering stand--for use on bridge4 #b4 ,bearing repeater mounted within pelorus stand4 #c4 ,repeater mounted on bulkhead in ,master's room1 or at the after steering station4 ,special stands or fixtures can be supplied if necessary4 ,a metal 8non-reflection0 cover is supplied which can be fitted to either the bridge or the after steering repeaters4 ,the cover has adjustable doors and a hood4 ,its object is to exclude all light from the top glass of the repeater except at the lubber's line4 ,no light will be reflected into the eyes of the helmsman4 ,the doors can be closed until a very small sector of the repeater dial appears at the lubber's line4 ,experience has proved that it is easier to watch and concentrate when only a small portion of the dial is visible4 ,a magnifying glass can be used in conjunction with the cover so that the repeater indication can be read at a distance4 ,illustration3 ,bearing ,repeater with ,sperry ,azimuth ,circle4 ,the bridge and after steering repeaters are mounted on adjustable brackets4 ,the position of the repeater can be changed so as to allow a full face view of the dial from almost any angle4 ,the bearing repeater is of great aid to the navigator4 ,the repeater is mounted within the stand and1 of course1 shows the exact reading of the ,master ,compass4 ,in taking a bearing on a distant object or a sun azimuth it is not necessary to first set the 8dumb0 compass to correspond with the main compass4 ,a constant true indication is afforded4 ,installation of the bearing repeater can be made in such a position on the upper bridge so that it may be used for steering from that position as well as for taking bearings4 ,a special pelorus stand cover can be supplied with windows to allow steering with the cover on1 so as to protect the repeater from spray and the weather4 ,illustration3 ,the light unsinkable ,kayak of the ,eskimo4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ae4 ,illustration3 ,figure #af4 ,illustration3 ,an ,ore-steamer of the ,american ,great ,lakes4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ag4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ah4 ,illustration3 ,the great painted ,war-,canoe of ,alaskan ,indians4 ,an improved design of azimuth circle is furnished which fits directly over the top of the repeater4 ,figures #bd and #bf1 on page #cj1 show the azimuth circle and bearing repeater in use1 taking a bearing on a distant object1 and on the sun respectively4 ,this azimuth circle is so constructed as to bring the object1 the spirit level and dial within the field of vision concurrently4 ,the bearing can be taken with great accuracy4 ,there is no possibility of the ,master ,compass changing its position while the pelorus is in use4 ,such an occurrence is not uncommon when using the ordinary pelorus or 8dummy0 compass4 ,an additional graduated ring1 ,figure #be1 is supplied for placing under the azimuth circle so that in case the ,gyro-,compass is not operating such1 for instance1 as when the ship is at anchor1 the pelorus can still be used as a 8dumb0 compass4 ,the main compass setting is made upon the ring1 and the azimuth circle used in the usual manner4 ,the bearing repeater can be furnished with any one of three kinds of azimuth circles4 ,the ,ritchie circle is usually supplied4 ,the purchaser also has the option of choosing either the ,sperry circle or the ,kelvin ,azimuth ,mirror4 ,compass ,control-,panel ,the compass control-panel provides a means for controlling the various electrical parts of the ,gyro-,compass1 the storage battery1 motor-generator and ship's supply current4 ,it is very compact1 neat1 and of good appearance4 ,it receives electrical power from the ship's mains and distributes it to the motor-generator set1 ,master ,compass and repeater4 ,the switch panel is made up of black ebony asbestos1 mounted upon angle iron4 ,the panel is usually mounted with its back near the bulkheads1 but so hinged as to admit of access to its rear4 ,motor-,generator ,the ,motor-,generator supplied is an efficient and exceptionally reliable piece of equipment4 ,its purpose is to convert the ship's supply current into electricity of the characteristics used in spinning the gyro-wheels and operating the repeaters4 ,illustration3 ,line of ,precision ,lathes4 ,storage ,battery ,the complete failure of the electrical plant aboard a modern ship is an event of rare occurrence4 ,if1 however1 such a contingency should occur1 provision has been made for it in the ,gyro-,compass equipment by supplying a storage battery of sufficient capacity to operate the entire equipment for a period of two hours4 ,the battery is so connected electrically as to keep itself in a charged condition while the compass is operating under normal conditions4 ,illustration3 ,a ,super-dreadnought1 the bulwark of sea power4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ai1 ,,fig4 #bj1 ,,fig4 #ba1 ,,fig4 #bb1 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,sperry ,gyro-,compass ,repeaters4 ,illustration3 ,the ,dahabeah is the passenger boat of the ,nile4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bd1 ,,fig4 #be1 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,sperry ,gyro-,compass ,bearing ,repeater ,with ,azimuth ,circle4 ,illustration3 ,a fast-steaming hotel for ocean travelers4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bg1 ,,fig4 #bh1 ,,fig4 #bi1 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,bearing ,repeater ,mounted in ,pelorus ,stand4 ,illustration3 ,malay pirates use the swift-sailing ,proa4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ca4 ,sperry ,recording ,compass ,an outstanding feature of the ,gyro-,compass is that it makes possible the recording of the actual courses steered by a vessel4 ,the recording compass is connected to the electrical circuits like a repeater and follows the movements of the ,master ,compass4 ,it not only indicates the heading at any instant1 but also makes a graphic record on a chart4 ,radial lines on the chart represent the various courses4 ,concentric circles represent time--each small division five minutes--each large division one hour4 ,the dial on which the chart is mounted turns with the movements of the master compass bringing the correct course under the marking point4 ,as the time advances a line is marked on the chart showing the exact course steered at a definite time4 ,on starting1 the marking arm is at the inner edge1 clockwork moves it toward the outer edge with uniform motion4 ,illustration3 ,figure #cb4 ,the chart shown in ,figure #cb forms a valuable record4 ,it was taken on a ship at a time a radio call was received from a burning oil tanker4 ,being within the distance defined by law1 the ship was legally1 as well as morally bound to proceed to the distressed ship4 ,the chart shows that the course was altered to go to the tanker's aid4 ,it also showed the exact time1 thereby establishing proof as to the fulfillment of the obligation4 ,a few minutes later another radio call advised that the fire aboard the tanker was extinguished4 ,the chart shows that the course was again altered to bring the vessel back on her original given course4 ,illustration3 ,the ,destroyer is the grey-hound of the sea4 ,the chart further shows the actual courses steered in holding the ship on its given course4 ,it shows just how efficiently each helmsman handles the ship4 ,it provides an excellent method of training helmsmen to use less helm1 effecting a saving by less frequent use of the steering engine4 ,the recording compass is a great aid to the ,captain and ,navigator in improving the navigating efficiency of the ship4 ,the recording compass can be supplied as a part of the ,gyro-,compass equipment--its additional cost is small when compared to the saving and benefits derived from its use4 ,operation ,the operation of the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass is made easy by making all parts as simple as possible4 ,in starting the equipment it is necessary to turn but one switch4 ,the twin wheels immediately start spinning and will in a short time come up to the normal speed4 ,after the speed has been attained1 a short time is allowed for the wheels to cause their axes to 8settle10 or1 in other words1 to seek and hold the meridian4 ,in case of failure of the ship's supply1 or other trouble1 an audible signal immediately gives indication that something is wrong4 ,this is a decided improvement over the ordinary compass1 as no indication is afforded of the presence of factors which cause errors in its reading4 ,care ,all of the greatest commercial aids require some care1 such1 for instance1 as the telephone1 typewriter1 adding machine1 duplicating machine and so on4 ,illustration3 ,bearing ,repeater ,equipped with ,windows in ,storm ,cover4 ,the magnetic compasses aboard ship receive especially watchful attention1 to see that they are not meddled or tampered with4 ,as a rule the entire ship's crew1 including the youngest apprentice1 knows that the compass must in no way be handled4 ,it should be remembered that the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass is a mechanical compass4 ,although the very best materials1 design and skill enter into its construction1 it is still liable to failure4 ,even with that possibility1 it is so superior to the magnetic compass that it more than justifies its installation use4 ,in the same way the electric light1 although liable to failure1 is vastly superior to the old oil lamp4 ,the oil lamps are seldom used1 yet they are carried aboard ships for the contingency which might happen4 ,similarly a failure of the electric or hydraulic steering gear may necessitate the temporary use of the inefficient hand-steering gear4 ,illustration3 ,in ,venice1 graceful ,gondolas take the place of cabs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,repeater at ,after ,steering ,station4 ,fig4 #ce4 ,repeater on ,wing of ,upper ,bridge4 ,fig4 #cd4 ,bearing ,repeater on top of ,wheel-house4 ,illustration3 ,steam-yachting is the most costly of all sports4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cg4 ,bearing ,repeater4 ,fig4 #cf4 ,repeater at ,steering ,station4 ,illustration3 ,the ,mediterranean ,felucca1 swift in all weathers4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,master ,compasses on ,long ,run ,floor ,test4 ,fig4 #ci4 ,master ,compasses under ,test on ,special ,machine constructed to simulate the motion of a ,ship in a ,heavy ,sea4 ,illustration3 ,the ,submarine1 the unseen terror of the seas4 ,sperry ,service ,when a ,gyro-,compass is sold the interest of ,the ,sperry ,gyroscope ,company does not cease4 ,our interest in our customer is only beginning4 ,an experienced service engineer installs every ,sperry ,gyro-,compass4 ,this engineer is also available to make the first trip with the compass in order to assure its proper operation4 ,after installation the ,sperry ,service ,engineers are available in every large port in the world to come aboard and inspect1 clean1 repair and overhaul the ,gyro-,compass equipment so as to keep it in first class operating condition4 ,a radiogram sent to any of the ,sperry ,service ,stations will bring a ,service ,engineer to meet your ship4 ,during the first year there is no charge4 ,after this period a reasonable charge is made for the service4 ,such a charge is similar to that at present made by compass-adjusters4 ,a list of the ,sperry ,representatives is given on the title page of this book4 ,workmanship ,illustration3 ,ritchie ,azimuth ,circle in ,use on ,bearing ,repeater4 ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass is an instrument of precision4 ,from the work done by the ,gyro-,compass and the objects accomplished it would be natural to class it as a scientific instrument4 ,it is1 however1 more than that for the reason that it has been made strong and sturdy for operation under the most severe conditions at sea4 ,the most expert and skilled workmanship is required to combine strength and precision1 such as found in the ,gyro-,compass4 ,the ,sperry organization prides itself upon having the best workmen that can be obtained for their respective vocations4 ,the materials used are the very best obtainable4 ,the rigid and inflexible set of purchasing specifications insures receiving the best materials4 ,a well organized inspection force passes upon all material upon its receipt1 and through the various manufacturing stages to the final product4 ,illustration3 ,the ,sampan shoots the rapids of ,japanese rivers4 ,testing ,each ,sperry ,gyro-,compass is on test for several days4 ,during this time it is put through every devisable test to simulate the conditions under which it will have to operate4 ,figures #ch and #ci show a compass mounted on a stand which is operated by means of motor driven gears1 cams1 etc41 so as to reproduce the roll1 pitch and yaw of a ship at sea4 ,absolute accuracy of the ,master ,compass and all repeaters while operating under this condition is required4 ,the purchaser is thereby assured that the compass to be installed upon his ship will have had all manufacturing inaccuracies or so-called 8kinks0 worked out4 ,a record of the test accompanies each compass4 ,packing ,special care is taken in packing the ,gyro-,compass for shipment4 ,experience gained from the shipment of hundreds of compasses has devised means whereby to insure the safe arrival of all parts so that installation will not be delayed4 ,in order that no injury may result to any parts1 the ,gyro-,compass is unpacked under the supervision of the ,sperry ,service ,engineer4 ,the ,sperry ,service ,organization ,the ,sperry ,service ,organization is one which serves in all parts of the world4 ,a corps of ,service ,engineers1 having special training at the factory in all departments relating to the ,gyro-,compass1 are available in nearly every large port of the world4 ,these engineers are ready to come aboard your ship1 to clean1 adjust and overhaul the ,gyro-,compass1 thus relieving the navigator of all care other than the actual use of the ,gyro-,compass4 ,illustration3 ,master ,compasses on ,testing ,machine which simulates the ,roll1 ,pitch and ,yaw of ,ship at ,sea4 ,during the war we had ,service ,engineers in every port where the ships of the ,navy were likely to call4 ,our men have been in many of the naval actions and have been able to render very considerable service on many unusual occasions4 ,for example1 it was desired to place an equipment on a ,british ship which was on her way to the ,dardanelles4 ,the ,admiralty instructed us by telegram to have an equipment and a ,service ,engineer meet the ship at the ,british ,naval ,station at ,malta in the ,mediterranean4 ,by sending the equipment with our ,service ,engineer via a passenger train to the south of ,italy and via destroyer to ,malta we were able to meet the ship there on the day she arrived4 ,the ship was able to stay only twenty-four hours1 and as it took about four days to install the equipment1 our engineer remained on board and finished the work while the ship was enroute from ,malta to the ,dardanelles4 ,illustration3 ,the ,whale-back1 steadiest of all in rough weather4 ,this ship1 the ,inflexible1 arrived at the ,dardanelles just in time to join in the first naval action directed against the land batteries4 ,during the first part of the engagement our engineer remained with the ,master ,compass which was installed near the dynamo room4 ,when he saw that it was functioning properly he left it to go on deck and view the action1 the effects of which he had become aware of1 as a number of shells from the land batteries had hit the ship4 ,almost immediately after he arrived on deck a torpedo struck the ship directly under the compartment where the ,gyro-,compass was located1 killing every man in that compartment4 ,although badly damaged the ship was able to get out of range of the land batteries and reach the naval base near the ,dardanelles4 ,the ,gyro-,compass was1 of course1 almost totally destroyed4 ,shortly after the action ended our engineer was enabled to get ashore on a ,greek island via one of the ,british destroyers4 ,this island had a telegraph station which he used to cable us that 8,equipment ,no4 #bhf is under four feet of water10 and that we should have another equipment ready to replace it4 ,we took this telegram to the ,admiralty who authorized us to have another equipment prepared to meet this ship at ,gibraltar4 ,this we did1 again sending a ,service ,engineer who met the ship at ,gibraltar1 on her way back to ,england to be repaired and refitted4 ,the ,sperry ,service ,organization stands ready to help all ships equipped with a ,gyro-,compass at all times1 even in emergencies such as those experienced by naval vessels4 ,service ,given to the ,world's ,navies by the ,gyro-,compass ,illustration3 ,steering from ,bearing ,repeater4 ,illustration3 ,the ,coracle of ancient ,britain1 still used in ,wales4 ,at the time of the battle of ,coronel on the west coast of ,south ,america1 ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,invincible was being overhauled at the ,portsmouth ,dockyard in ,england4 ,she was immediately ordered with one other large ,british ship to ,south ,american waters under the command of ,admiral ,sturdee1 to re-enforce the ,british fleet1 and then to find and destroy the ,german ships which had defeated the ,british at the battle of ,coronel4 ,when the overhaul of the ,invincible was completed and she was ready to leave the docks1 it was at first planned to delay sailing until the ship could be swung and the magnetic compasses compensated4 ,it was decided1 however1 that although the compasses were badly in need of adjustment it was necessary to save every minute in order to reach ,south ,american waters before the ,german ships could find and destroy the ,british ships remaining in those waters4 ,the ,invincible therefore sailed without adjusting her magnetic compasses and navigated entirely by the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass from ,portsmouth to the ,falkland ,islands4 ,when an azimuth was finally taken the magnetic compass was found to be out about #bb degrees4 ,the ,invincible arrived at the ,falkland ,islands just in time to coal before the ,german fleet appeared4 ,if ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,invincible had not had a ,gyro-,compass the probabilities are that she would not have reached the ,falkland ,islands in time to win the battle which took place almost immediately upon her arrival4 ,figure #di shows a ,british submarine1 a sister ship of the ,e-#aa1 that entered the ,sea of ,marmora through the ,dardanelles for the purpose of destroying ,turkish and ,german shipping4 ,the ,e-#aa put a torpedo right into ,constantinople harbor4 ,the ,second ,officer of the ,e-#aa in relating this exploit1 stated that they steered by the 8,sperry0 all the way in and out4 ,his remark was that1 8,it never let me down40 ,in this exploit1 and many others of a similar nature1 the ,gyro-,compass was used for all navigation4 ,these extremely daring and hazardous operations would not have been possible without this instrument4 ,a similar ,british submarine left ,harwich on the east coast of ,england1 and during a period of three weeks made seven patrol trips1 and without once seeing the sun1 finally returned to ,harwich and picked up the buoy at the mouth of the harbor without the least difficulty4 ,the navigation in this case was carried out entirely by the ,gyro-,compass4 ,illustration3 ,repeaters on ,test4 ,figure #ed is a photograph of ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,lion1 the flagship of ,admiral ,beatty in the battle of ,jutland4 ,this ship was provided with the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass equipment early in the war4 ,during the ,jutland engagement a fire broke out in a magazine of the ,lion immediately below the two ,master ,compasses which were located in one compartment4 ,it became so hot that the lead sheathing was melted off the electric cables and one of the ,gyro-,compasses was heated until its parts fused4 ,notwithstanding this same heat the other compass functioned throughout the entire action4 ,of the ships engaged in the battle of ,jutland practically all except the destroyers were equipped with the ,gyro-,compass4 ,every one of them performed perfectly throughout the action except in the case of the ,lion on which one was destroyed by fire4 ,hundreds of ,sperry ,gyro-,compasses are veterans of many battles and encounters under heavy gunfire and adverse conditions4 ,illustration3 ,the ,power ,boat1 small1 able1 reliable1 comfortable4 ,illustration3 #dj4 ,r4 ,m4 ,s ,bergensfjord4 #da4 ,r4 ,m4 ,s4 ,aquitania4 #db4 ,s4 ,s4 ,lenape4 #dc4 ,s4 ,s4 ,conneaut4 #dd4 ,yacht ,lyndonia4 ,ships ,equipped with ,sperry ,gyro-,compass4 ,illustration3 ,huge ,dug-,outs are used on ,african rivers4 ,illustration3 #de4 ,u4,s4,s4 ,pennsylvania-- ,e4 ,muller1 ,jr4 #df4 ,u4,s4,s4 ,bush4 #dg4 ,h4,m4,s4 ,invincible-- ,underwood ,underwood4 #dh4 ,r4 ,f4 ,la ,marsellaise-- ,underwood ,underwood4 #di4 ,h4,m4 ,submarine ,e-#aa-- ,underwood ,underwood4 ,ships ,equipped with ,sperry ,gyro-,compass4 ,illustration3 ,great ,colliers carry coal for the world's navies4 ,illustration3 #ej4 ,h4 ,i4 ,m4 ,s4 ,kongo-- ,underwood ,underwood4 #ea4 ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,conte di ,cavour-- ,underwood ,underwood4 #eb4 ,u4 ,s4 ,s4 ,delaware-- ,first ,ship to ,carry ,gyro-,compass4 #ec4 ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,queen ,elizabeth-- ,western ,newspaper ,union4 #ed4 ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,lion-- ,underwood ,underwood4 ,ships ,equipped with ,sperry ,gyro-,compass4 ,illustration3 ,speedy ,ice-boats provide thrilling winter sport4 ,telegrams ,inland3 ,,sperigyco1 ,vic1 ,london4 ,foreign3 ,,sperigyco1 ,london4 ,telephone1 #gcih ,,victoria4 ,,the ,,sperry ,,gyroscope ,,company1 ,,ltd4 ,,new ,,york--,,london--,,milan--,,paris ,,petrograd--,,tokio--,,copenhagen ,,stockholm--,,la ,,hague #ae1 ,,victoria ,,street1 ,,london1 ,s4 ,w4 ,august #ast4 #aiaf4 ,b-#ciji4 ,the ,sperry ,gyroscope ,company1 ,,new ,,york4 ,gentlemen1 ,it gives me very great pleasure to inform you that my ,company has received from ,their ,lords ,commissioners of the ,admiralty1 under date #bjth ,july1 the following words of commendation3 8,i am to add an expression of ,their ,lordships' appreciation of the valuable assistance rendered to the ,admiralty by your ,company since the outbreak of ,war1 in your very prompt and efficient execution of the important work entrusted to you04 ,i might mention that this was the first recommendation given to a private ,firm by the ,british ,admiralty for fifteen years1 and had to be concurred in by no less than thirty-seven ,government ,officials4 ,very truly yours1 ,,the ,,sperry ,,gyroscope ,,company ,,ltd4 ,illustration3 signature ,managing ,director4 ,,transcriber',s ,,note ,original spelling and grammar are generally retained4 ,illustrations are moved from inside paragraphs to between paragraphs4 ,original italics looks like this4 ,original small caps is converted to uppercase4 ,page #ba4 ,the second and third list items under the heading ,the ,sperry ,gyro-,compass ,equipment were incorrectly labeled #c4 and #b41 in that order4 ,these labels were corrected4