,transcrib$ f ! #ahab ,j4 ,smi? edition by ,david ,price1 email ccx#jgdpglaf4org ,,hulsean ,,essay ,= #ahaa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,diss]tation ,,on ,,! ,,books ( ,,orig5 aga9/ ,,celsus1 ,,) ,a ,,view ,,to ,,illu/rate ,,! ,,argum5t ,,& ,,po9t ,,out ,,! ,,evid5ce ,,!y ,,af=d ,,to ,,! ,,tru? ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,publi%$ 9 pursuance ( ! ,w ( ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,,hulse1 z hav+ ga9$ ! ,,annual ,,prize1 in/itut$ by him 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,,francis ,,cunn+ham1 ,,( ,,que5',s ,,college4 99 99 99 99 99 8,quippe 9 8 7nimirum ,orig5is contra ,celsum libris7 communem ,*ri/ianorum doctr9am1 adv]sus in/ructissimum ,religionis no/r ho/em propugnat3 hi summo ,auctoris /udio maxima eruditione1 elucubrati fu]e40 ,bull4 ,def4 ,fid4 ,nic4 ,cap4 ix4 ,sec4 #b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cambridge3 ,,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,,smi?1 ,,pr9t] to ! ,,univ]sity2 ,,& ,,sold ,,by ,,deighton1 ,,cambridge2 ,,& ,,riv+tons1 ,,& ,,hat*>d1 ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 #ahab4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,! ,v ,rev4 ! ,,dean ( ,,c>lisle1 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,ma!matics1 ,,! ,,presid5t1 ,,& ,to ! ,rev]5d & ,le>n$ ,,! ,,fell[s ,,( ,,que5',s ,,college1 ,,?is ,,essay ,,is ,,d$icat$ ,,z ,a ,,tribute ,,( ,,respect ,,& ,,gratitude ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,introduction #a ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,hi/ory & ,writ+s ( ! ,jews #e ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,! ,scriptures #ab ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ #ai ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,miracles #bd ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,"* ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians #cc ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,doctr9es ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians #ci ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,conclusion #di ,,introduction4 ,,! ,book ( ,celsus1 #a;a entitl$ 8,! ,true ,disc\rse10 #a;b is suppos$ to h be5 writt5 dur+ ! fif? p]secution1 #a;c 9 ! reign ( ,m>cus ,anton9us1 & 9 ! "o hundr$ & sev5tie? ye> ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,( 8 hi/ory no?+ is kn[n1 b t he 0 an epicurean philosoph]1 #a;d & a fri5d ( ,lucian1 :o inscrib$ a book #a;e to him4 ,! object ( 8 "w 0 an attack ^u ,*ri/ianity1 & z su*1 x is "o ( ! mo/ malignant & unres]v$ ^u record4 ,he is indebt$ to 8 oppon5ts = br++ d[n any acc\nt ( 8 writ+s to po/]ity1 = !y h o!rwise p]i%$4 ,orig5 di$ 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l #b;a two hundr$ & fifty-f\r4 ,he und]took1 at ! reque/ ( ,ambrose1 #b;b to answ] ! "w ( ,celsus1 & 8to leave no "p )\t exam9ation40 ,8 ,treatise is divid$ into eight books2 b ?is division seems r to be f\nd$ ^u caprice1 #b;c ?an ^u any design ( me?odically discuss+ ! argum5t4 ,! reason+s ( ,celsus are discuss$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y occur1 :i* is )\t me?od1 or connection4 ,! extracts :i* are made by ,orig5 f ! works ( 8 adv]s>y are v copi\s1 s mu* s1 t1 consid]+ 8 object1 ( fully discuss+ e "p ( ! orig9al "w1 x is probable no?+ ( importance is omitt$4 ,! accuracy ( ! quotations ( ,orig9 is gu>ante$ bo? by 8 ackn[l$g$ v]acity1 #c;a & by ! risk ( refutation to :i* he w\ld o!rwise h expos$ himself1 f oppon5ts :o _h ! orig9al writ+ 9 _! h&s4 ,! "w ( ,orig5 has be5 consid]$ bo? by anci5ts & mod]ns1 z a ma/]-piece ( eloqu5ce & argum5t4 ,eusebius #c;b & ,j]ome #c;c h giv5 x _! highe/ approbation4 ,_m ( our own writ]s1 #c;d & _m m ( ! ,fr5*1 #c;e bo? ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant1 h pron\nc$ x to be ! complete/1 & be/ writt5 apology = ! ,*ri/ian ,religion :i* has be5 bequea!d to u by ! anci5ts4 ,! want ( ord]1 bo? 9 ! attack ( ,celsus1 & ! reply ( ,orig51 r5d]s x impracticable to foll[1 precisely 9 _! /eps4 ,"t w be ga9$1 & p]spicuity promot$1 by endeav\r+ to br+ _! p]plex$ argum5t into a m regul> =m4 ,we %all !re=e s+le out ! ma9 topics discuss$ by ea*1 & by /at+ ! objections ( ! "o1 & ! replies ( ! o!r1 /rive to collect ! evid5ce :i* ea* furni%es to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,tak+ ! m prom95t topics !re=e1 we %all consid] 9 ord]2 ! ,hi/ory & ,writ+s ( ! ,jews--! ,scriptures--! ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/--! ,conduct & ! ,pr9ciples ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,aft] :i* x w be useful to sum up ! evid5ce to ,*ri/ianity1 suppli$ by ! :ole argum5t4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,hi/ory & ,,writ+s ( ! ,,jews4 ,,! evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ,*ri/ianity1 to be d$uc$ f ! hi/ory & writ+s ( ! ,jews1 is s important1 t x 0 a prim>y object ) ,celsus1 to r5d] x nugatory4 ,?is he endeav\rs to effect1 fir/1 by disput+ ! antiquity ( ,moses2 & secondly1 by condemn+ 8 n>ration4 ,we %all exam9e 8 /atem5t on ^! po9ts1 & "s important ackn[l$gm5ts he makes1 ( ! exi/5ce ( ! prophetic writ+s4 ,he says t 8! ,jews1 #e;a :o 7 orig9ally fugitive slaves f ,egypt1 pret5d$1 on ! au?ority ( ! ,books ( ,moses1 to a v anci5t g5ealogy2 #e;b t !y liv$ toge!r 9 a corn] ( ,pale/9e1 9 pr(\nd ignorance2 #e;c n hav+ he>d ( ! ?+s long be=e celebrat$ by ,hesiod1 & _m o!r m5 div9ely inspir$40 ,he !n p>ticul>izes mu* ( ! hi/ory ( ,g5esis1 :i* he calls 8an old woman's /ory1 full ( impiety20 #f;a & ass]ts t 8_m ( its facts are tak5 f ! hea!ns40 ,to ?is ,orig5 #f;b replies by ref]r+ to ,josephus #f;c & ,tatian #f;d = ext]nal pro( ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews3 ,he affirms t !y h all ! evid5ce ( _! exi/5ce :i* o!r nations h1 #f;e t !y h records :i* o!rs h n2 #f;f t o!r nations are all[$ to h exi/$ :o be> te/imony to ! ,jews2 #f;g t x w\ld h be5 impossible = s small a b&1 to h oppos$ itself to ! :ole p[] ( ,egypt2 t x mu/ h *ang$ its language2 & t1 9 *ang+1 x has n assum$ "o resembl+ ! neighb\r+ nations4 ,he !n urges ! wisdom ( ! ,jewi% ,in/itutions2 inf]s f _! p]fect pres]vation1 ! e/eem 9 :i* !y 7 held2 & *all5ges a comp>ison1 #g;a z to sublimity ( doctr9e1 & purity ( morals1 ) any o!r sy/em1 propos$ to mank9d4 ,celsus !n notices _m ( ! ,old ,te/am5t *>act]s3 ,he ridicules ! relation ( 8! ,fall1 #g;b ! ,deluge1 ,*ildr5 born ( old ,p]sons1 ,bro!rs :o kill ea* o!r1 ,mo!rs :o deceive1 ! ,s9 ( ,lot1 ! ,animosity ( ,esau1 ! ,deceit ( ! ,sons ( ,jacob1 ! ,hi/ory ( ,joseph10 c4 ,orig5 replies t su* facts alone are select$ by ,celsus f ! writ+s ( ,moses1 z supply a gr\nd ( attack2 t ! simplicity ( 8 n>ration proves ! integrity ( its au?or2 & he !n apologizes = ^! causes ( (f5ce by ! necessity ( ! case1 he contra/s ) !m ! great] pr(ligacy ( ! hea!n1 or fancifully expla9s !m ^u ! s*eme ( allegory4 ,no direct admission ( ,celsus1 relat+ to ,jewi% prophecy1 is to be f\nd4 ,!re are h[ev] _m obs]vations1 :i* prove ! com+ ( ,*ri/ to h be5 expect$ by ! ,jews1 & ?is expectation mu/ h be5 ! result ( prophecy4 ,! rem>ks ( ,celsus1 ) reg>d to ?is topic1 are ( ?is k9d4 ,t ! 8,jews #h;a & ,*ri/ians believe1 t ! ,_s ( ,god _h promis$ !re w\ld come a ,savi\r2 b !y c\ld n agree1 :e!r or no1 he _h already come20 #h;b t 8! prophecies :i* ! ,*ri/ians apply to ,*ri/ ref] equally to o!r p]sons20 #h;c t 8o!rs _h liv$ :o _h appli$ ! prophecies ( ,*ri/ to !mselves10 c4 c4 ,?us he pla9ly admits prophecies to h exi/$ ( "s great p]son1 :o 0 to come2 & t ,jews & ,*ri/ians believ$ 9 !m1 b t x 0 unc]ta9 :e!r !y 7 accompli%$4 ,! inf]5ces to be collect$ f ! prec$+ obs]vations1 are z foll[s4 ,fir/1 ,! ,jewi% ,scriptures are ( old] date1 ?an ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,= if ^! writ+s _h be5 compil$ s9ce t "t1 "s rum\rs ( su* an ev5t mu/ h rea*$ ,celsus2 & ?is fact :i* w\ld h ru9$ all ! pret5sions ( ,jewi% antiquity1 w\ld h be5 urg$ by ! hea!ns z a prim>y objection to _! claims4 ,! ,jews !mselves moreov] c\ld n h be5 deceiv$1 if ?is _h be5 a cunn+ly devis$ fable2 = !y 7 a widely ext5d$ p1 & 9 s %ort a space ( "t1 x w\ld h be5 impossible to make !m ! dupes ( su* an impo/ure4 ,secondly1 ,x may be inf]r$ f ! admission ( ,celsus1 t ! prophecies 7 f\nd 9 ! ,jewi% ,scriptures 9 8 "t2 & s9ce !n no alt]ation has be5 made 9 !m by ! ,jews4 ,b if s1 ?is is ! /ronge/ presumption1 t ! ,jews _h nev] alt]$ !m be=e4 ,=1 if1 :5 by ! fulfilm5t ( ! prophecies1 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 !y 7 mo/ tempt$ to erase pr$ictions1 s ho/ile to _! own cre$1 !y made no *ange1 mu* less1 w\ld !y d x1 :5 ! temptation 0 dim9i%$4 ,?irdly1 ,if little is to be collect$ f ! writ+s ( ,celsus1 9 fav\r ( ^? prophecies :i* he has attack$1 some?+ may be inf]r$ 9 fav\r ( ^? :i* he has fail$ to attack4 ,_! exi/5ce is admitt$1 & 8 _s ( ho/ility is su*1 t we mu/ attribute 8 sil5ce n to 8 =be>ance1 b to 8 dis+5u\sness4 ,f\r?ly1 ,! admission t "s important "* 0 expect$1 n only by ! ,jews1 b by ! hea!ns1 at ! era ( ,*ri/'s adv5t1 is v important to religion4 ,:]e c\ld ! expectation orig9ate1 except 9 ! ,jewi% ,scriptures8 ,! sages1 poets1 & hi/orians ( antiquity1 appe> to h drunk at ?is sacr$ s\rce4 ,! ,arabians #aj;a came f a f> c\ntry to greet x2 ,h]od de/roy$ #aj;b ! ,jewi% g5ealogies t ! family ( ,david might n be kn[n1 #aj;c und]took ! build+ ( ! temple1 a "w x 0 ?\ght ! ,messias 0 to p]=m1 & murd]$ #aa;a 8 own son 9 fe> t ! promis$ ,k+ %\ld de?rone him4 ,virgil1 build+ ^u ! popul> p]suasion1 appli$ x on two occasions to ,augu/us4 #aa;b ,?is expectation is also m5tion$ by ,cic]o1 #aa;c ,sallu/1 #aa;d ,suetonius1 #aa;e & ,tacitus4 #aa;f ,if ! orig9 ( ?is expectation 0 ) ! ,jews1 :]e else c we look = ! accompli%m5t4 ,:o has fulfill$ _! wide-spread expectations8 ,:]e is ?is hope ( all nations to be s\ght1 if n 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/8 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,scriptures4 ,,celsus 9 8 g5]al mode ( argum5t aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 r5d]s a v important te/imony to ! tru? ( _! ,scriptures3 = 8 *>ges are n gr\nd$ on facts or doctr9es1 n !re record$2 b almo/ e "o ( !m may be directly trac$1 to "s important & obvi\s passage ( ! ,bible4 ,he seem$ !re=e to consid]1 t he c\ld mo/ effectually de/roy ,*ri/ianity1 by ov]turn+ ! au?ority ( ! writ+s :i* ! ,*ri/ians believ$ to h be5 deliv]$ to !m by inspiration1 & :i* !y consid]$ ! au?ority1 ! guide & ! security ( _! religion4 ,he ackn[l$ges #ac;a t !re 7 8writ+s conc]n+ ! affairs ( ,*ri/ made by 8 disciples20 us+ ! ^w disciple di/9ctly f ! foll[] ( ,*ri/1 & pla9ly 9 ! s5se ( ! imm$iate att5dant ^u 8 p]son4 ,:5ce may be inf]r$ ! g5]al belief1 9 8 "t1 t ! ,gospels proce$$ f _! accr$it$ au?ors4 ,he /ates ! ,*ri/ians to h 8prea*$ _! doctr9es to ! poor & wick$1 )\t p>tiality or respect ( p]sons20 #ac;b a /atem5t admitt$ by ,orig51 to be con=mable to ! g5ius ( ! ,gospel1 & fulfill+ its own decl>ations1 8t to ! poor ! ,gospel is prea*$20 #ac;c & t 8,*ri/ came n to call ! righte\s1 b s9n]s to rep5tance40 #ac;d ,?is /atem5t also proves ! ,gospel to h be5 publicly promulg$4 ,he *>ges ! ,*ri/ians ) s 8mutilat+ ! ,scriptures1 t if "o expression 0 attack$ !y might take refuge 9 ano!r20 #ad;a b ! *>ge re/s alone ^u 8 ass]tion4 ,orig5 confid5tly *all5ges any pro( ( x2 imputes ! mutilations ( ,scripture1 exclusively1 to ,m>cion & ,val5t9us2 b d5ies _! claim to ! title ( ,*ri/ians4 ,! quotations ( ,celsus f ! ,new ,te/am5t are s num]\s1 #ad;b t f !m a great "p ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/1 a /atem5t ( 8 doctr9es1 8 "*1 & t ( 8 disciples1 might be ga!r$4 ,^! quotations are tak5 f ! ,gospels1 9 g5]al1 b m p>ticul>ly f ,sa9t ,mat!w1 f ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 f ! v>i\s ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,pet]1 & ,/4 ,john4 ,!y are s fai?ful a transcript ( our ,new ,te/am5t1 z to leave no d\bt1 t he _h x be=e him4 ,n[ & !n1 h[ev]1 he mutilates passages1 z if to %[ ! contempt 9 :i* he held ! :ole relation4 ,?us 9 m5tion+ ! disciples ( ,*ri/1 he says1 8t he took t5 or elev5 abjects1 vile publicans & sailors40 #ae ,?is error is pla9ly "o1 r ( contempt1 ?an ( ignorance4 ,x is also wor?y ( notice1 t ,celsus has tak5 v few /ories f ! h]etical writ+s1 :i* assum$ to !mselves equal au?ority ) ! ,gospels1 & :i* ab\nd$ 9 8 days4 ,^! /ories1 :]ev] !y occur1 are disall[$ by ,orig51 & _! au?ors1 at once1 giv5 up z un9spir$4 ,! concessions ( ,celsus may be tak5 9 evid5ce1 t ! canon ( ,scripture 0 already s well e/abli%$1 t x w\ld h be5 9 va9 = him to mis-/ate x4 ,! g5]al te/imony furni%$ by ,orig5 to ! ,scriptures1 may be view$ 9 "s degree di/9ctly f t ( ,celsus4 ,x mu/ be consid]$ z com+ ab\t fifty ye>s aft]4 #af;a ,9 ?is "w he quotes f tw5ty-n9e books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #af;b f all b ?ree 9 ! ,new1 #af;c & f five books ( ! ,apocrypha4 #af;d ,8 quotations agree v accurately ) our ,text1 & _m passages1 :i* s9ce h be5 disput$1 #af;e are held by him z au!ntic4 ,he all[s no objection to lie aga9/ ! pl5>y inspiration ( ,scripture2 he inde$ admits #af;f "s diff]5ces to h exi/$1 z to ! int]pretation ( passages1 b adv]ts to none respect+ _! au?ority4 ,orig5 frankly av[s ! difficulties ( ,scripture2 & x is to cut 8 way ?r\gh ^!1 t he is tempt$ to employ ! weapon ( allegorical int]pretation2 a weapon1 :i* nev] fails to w\nd ! h& ( ! employ]1 & to injure ! cause x is design$ to s]ve4 ,8 ra%ness 9 ?is me?od ( int]pretation may be e/imat$ by ! foll[+ specim54 #ag;a 8,o daught] ( ,babylon1 :o art to be de/roy$2 happy %all he be t rew>de? !e z ?\ ha/ s]v$ u4 ,happy %all he be1 :o take? & da%e? ?y little ones aga9/ ! /ones40 #ag;b 8,! little ones1 ! *ildr5 ( ,babylon10 he says1 8are to be int]pret$ vexati\s ?\ghts1 ! (fspr+ ( confusion1 :i* vice has produc$2 & he :o is happy 9 da%+ !m aga9/ ! /ones1 is he1 :o cru%es ^! ?\ghts aga9/ ! solidity ( reason40 ,su* excesses1 :il/ !y betray ! uns\ndness ( an expositor ( ,scripture1 ev9ce 8 fai? 9 its au?ority3 & x is r ! au?ority ( ! text1 ?an ! univ]sal sobriety ( its int]pret]s1 :i* we are anxi\s to def5d4 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,,! attack ( ,celsus1 ^u ! ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/1 maybe arrang$ "u ! ?ree divisions1 ( 8 bir?2 8 life2 8 dea?4 ,9 adv]t+ to ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 ,celsus introduces a ,jew1 *>g+ ,*ri/ ) be+ privately born #ai;a 9 a little village ( ,judea1 8 "m be+ driv5 out by ! ,c>p5t]1 to :om %e 0 betro!d1 because convict$ ( adult]y #ai;b ) a soldi] nam$ ,pan!r4 ,he imputes to him t he 0 privately educat$1 & w5t to e>n 8 livelihood 9 ,egypt4 ,x is en\gh to say ( all ?is1 t x is m]e ass]tion2 t no pro( ( x is ei!r e/abli%$ or (f]$4 ,orig51 h[ev]1 ju/ly asks1 if x be probable1 t a p]son1 ! purity ( ^: life & doctr9e is s rem>kably opposite to ! imputation laid aga9/ 8 bir?1 #bj;a %\ld h be5 born & educat$ by a pr(ligate p>5t4 ,p]haps1 ev5 ! idolatr\s wor%ip ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 ( :i* ! fir/ elem5ts are disc]nible at a v e>ly p]iod1 may 9 a measure s]ve1 7! only good purpose x ev] s]v$7 to v9dicate h] moral "*4 #bj;b ,aga9/ ! ,life ( ,*ri/1 no *>ge is br\ght by ,celsus2 #bj;c except t he did n answ] to 8 conception #bj;d ( ! appe>ance ( a ,deity on e>?4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is objection is f\nd$ on a misconception ( ! object ( 8 adv5t4 ,celsus believ$ t o!r gods _h desc5d$ #bj;e f heav5 to e>?1 & fram$ 8 notion ( ! appe>ance ( deity1 ^u ! model ) :i* ! fictions ( hea!n poetry & hi/ory suppli$ him4 ,to satisfy 8 p]v]t$ imag9ation1 #ba;a ,god mu/ desc5d 9 %[]s ( gold1 #ba;b or arm$ ) cele/ial ?und]s4 ,& inde$ _h ,jesus ,*ri/ appe>$1 l ! gods ( hea!nism1 to gratify lu/1 or decide ! fate ( empires2 ! ensigns ( pomp & p[] w\ld h be5 adapt$ to 8 commission4 ,b :5 x is rememb]$1 t he came to e/abli% a spiritual religion1 #ba;c to wean m5 f ! _w1 #ba;d to live ) ! poor1 #ba;e & above all to die = ! guilty2 #ba;f !n x is evid5t1 t ! "* :i* became him1 0 t ( a 8,man ( ,sorr[s40 #ba;g ,moral gr&eur 0 ! only gr&eur ) :i* he c\ld inve/ himself1 righte\sness 8 sceptre1 #ba;h & 8 ?rone a cross4 ,_h ,celsus inde$ be5 dispos$ to exam9e1 or enabl$ to appreciate1 ! moral dignity ( 8 "*1 he w\ld h %runk ) disgu/ f ! fabl$ desc5ts ( ,jupit]4 ,he w\ld h se5 t ?is ,pill> ( ,cl\d #bb;a _h a bright side2 t if he 0 a man 9 suff]+1 9 ! gr&eur ) :i* he suff]$ he 0 truly ,god4 ,celsus /ates1 ev5 to m9ut5ess1 ! facts record$ by ! ,sacr$ ,hi/orians1 z to ! ,dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,he says1 t he 0 8betray$10 #bb;b 8b\nd10 8sc\rg$10 8/ret*$ ^u ! ,cross20 #bb;c t he 8drank v9eg>20 #bb;d t aft] 8 dea?1 he 0 8said to h appe>$ twice10 #bb;e b t 8he did n appe> to 8 enemies40 #bb;f ,to ! objection convey$ 9 ! la/ clause x is an obvi\s reply1 t 8 appe>ance to 8 enemies _c be claim$1 except by ^? :o cont5d t ,god is b\nd to increase evid5ce to ! p]sons :o %ut _! eyes aga9/ x4 ,^? :o1 aft] ! evid5ce ( ! miracles ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 c\ld cont9ue to d\bt1 w\ld n h believ$1 ?\gh he 8_h ris5 f ! dead0 #bc 9 _! view4 ,! objections ( ,celsus to ! "* ( ,*ri/ be+ ?us dismiss$1 & !y are really unwor?y ev5 ( ! scanty space "h be/[$ ^u !m1 x is pla9 t all ! facts admitt$ by him are s mu* to be add$ to ! scale ( evid5ce4 ,x is ?us prov$1 t1 ei!r influ5c$ by univ]sal p]suasion1 or borne d[n by ov]:elm+ te/imony1 m51 :o desir$ to be infidels1 7 compell$ to admit ! facts ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is also prov$1 t no?+ c be *>g$ aga9/ ! life ( ,*ri/1 except t he mo/ accurately ma9ta9$ ! "* 9 :i* he condesc5d$ to appe>4 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,,miracles4 ,,! /ronge/ evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ,*ri/ianity is suppli$ by ! ,miracles1 :i* accompani$ its promulgation4 ,we %all proce$ to consid] ! light ca/ by ! "w be=e u1 on ?is important topic2 & exam9e1 fir/1 ! te/imony ( ,orig5 & ,celsus to ! miracul\s effects t 7 produc$2 secondly1 ! pret5sions :i* ^! works _h to a ,div9e orig9al4 ,celsus liv$ 9 an age :5 by ! te/imony ( all hi/ory1 ! ,miracles ( ,*ri/ 7 objects ( notoriety4 ,! disciples _h yet ! p[] ( work+ !m1 #bd;a & !y prop\nd$ #bd;b !m z ! incontrov]tible pro( ( ! tru? ( _! religion4 ,x 0 impossible !re=e1 9 a g5]al "w aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 t ,celsus %\ld n ref] to ! subject ( ,miracles1 or t he %\ld1 9 ! face ( _! public p]=mance1 flatly d5y _! exi/5ce4 ,he has !n tak5 ! only me?od by :i* he c\ld obviate ?is difficulty4 ,he makes a 8supposition #be;a t ,*ri/ did p]=m _m m>vell\s works20 ^! h[ev] he imputes to 8! same magical p[] t is made use ( 9 ! m>ket-places ( ,egypt40 ,we %all fir/ exam9e h[ f> ?is concession on ! "p ( ,celsus may /& z an admission t ,miracles 7 really p]=m$4 ,writ]s h diff]$ ab\t ! mean+ to be atta*$ to ^! words2 b ! great] "p ( ^?1 ^: op9ion is ( highe/ au?ority1 #be;b h consid]$ !m z an ackn[l$gm5t t ^! wond]ful works c\ld n be d5i$ by him4 ,consid]+ ! peculi>ly difficult circum/ances 9 :i* ,celsus 0 plac$1 he c\ld1 by a supposition ( ?is k9d alone1 escape f ! dilemma2 & z he did n d>e on su* a subject to ass]t a falsehood1 he endeav\r$ at lea/ to excite a d\bt4 ,?is op9ion is moreov] /r5g!n$ by ! l9e ( argum5t he pursues1 8t if ! by-/&]s _h really ?\ght ^! works to be ,miracles1 !y c\ld n b h believ$20 !n he proce$s to und]value ! wor? ( ^! p]=mances1 by comp>+ !m ) ^? ( sculapius4 #bf;a ,aft] read+ ! passage1 9 :i* our ,"l =etells t 8_m %\ld come 9 8 "n1 do+ _m wondr\s ?+s20 #bf;b he exclaims1 8h[ great is ! =ce ( tru?6--,*ri/ c>ries ) him 8 own refutation1 = he ackn[l$ges a c]ta9 ,satan1 %\ld "w ! same miracles t he did40 ,( ?is objection x may be obs]v$1 t x cuts two ways4 ,if x invalidates ! ,miracles ( ,*ri/1 yet ! ev5t correspond+ ) ! pr$iction e/abli%es 8 prophetical "*1 & ?us au!nticates 8 religion4 ,orig5 cont9ually proclaims1 #bg;a 9 bold & eloqu5t language1 9 ! "n ( himself1 & 8 fell[ ,*ri/ians1 _! fai? 9 ,*ri/ianity to be f\nd$ ^u miracles1 wr\ght 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/2 ( :i* #bg;b !y !mselves _h be5 eye-witnesses4 ,x may be ask$ :e!r mod]n infidels :o h v5tur$ to contradict ! ,miracles ( ,*ri/1 a weapon ,celsus 0 afraid to take up1 h e/imat$ ! ra%ness ( _! ent]prize4 ,are !y compet5t to d5y :at a spectator no less malevol5t ?an !mselves 0 compell$ to admit4 ,has ! lapse ( eighte5 hundr$ ye>s enabl$ !m to asc]ta9 a fact ( daily occurr5ce ) m accuracy ?an a by-/&]8 ,are objects be/ se5 at ! greate/ di/ance8 ,hav+ !n /at$ ! admission ( ! occurr5ce ( c]ta9 sup]natural ev5ts1 bo? by ! fri5d1 & enemy ( ,*ri/ianity2 we %all say a few words ^u ! s\rce1 to :i* !y are ascrib$ by ,celsus4 ,orig51 9 consid]+ ?is topic1 admits #bh;a ! faculty ( heal+ to be n necess>ily div9e2 b says1 t ! nature ( ! p[] by :i* wond]s ( ?is k9d 7 p]=m$1 mu/ be asc]ta9$1 fir/1 by ! "* ( ! ag5t1 & secondly1 by ! nature ( ! fact4 ,he !n %ews t ! ,miracles ( ,*ri/ #bh;b 7 n wr\ght l ^? ( ! ,egyptians1 = va9 exhibition2 t _! object 0 to heal disease1 or to assuage grief2 & t ^? miracles1 m peculi>ly *>act]i/ic ( _! m9i/ry1 namely1 ! conv]sion ( ! he>t f s9 to ,god1 #bh;c 7 su* z ! magicians nei!r felt ! disposition nor pr(ess$ ! p[] to p]=m4 ,! "q h[ev] may be diff]5tly argu$4 ,all miracles1 & !re=e ^? ( ,egypt1 mu/ be all[$ to orig9ate 9 ! p]mission ( ,god4 ,= z ! /ronge/ pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,deity is ! creation & regul> c\rse ( nature1 s1 t ?is pro( may rema91 ! susp5sion ( ! p[] ( nature mu/ also be attribut$ to him4 ,!re is ! same pro(1 t miracles 7 p]=m$ by ! p[] ( ,god1 z t ! _w 0 made1 & is regulat$ by him4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is admitt$1 t ! ,div9e ,be+ has1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 p]mitt$ ! influ5ce ( ,satanic ag5cy3 x w /ill be evid5t t ! miracles ( ,*ri/ianity 7 n works ( ?is class4 ,to suppose t !y 71 w\ld involve a v>iety ( conclusions1 unsupport$ by reason or analogy4 ,=1 if !y 71 !n ,god1 contr>y to ! :ole c\rse ( 8 disp5sations1 has suff]$ 8 laws to be susp5d$1 9 ord] to betray millions ( 8 creatures1 = a succession ( ages1 into a false !ology4--,if !y 72 !n1 contr>y also to all prec$5t1 he has suff]$ ! int]positions ( devils to out/rip 8 own4 ,ev5 ! magicians ( ,egypt1 #cj;a 7 compell$ to recognise ! supremacy ( ,god4--,if !y 72 !n1 contr>y to all exp]i5ce1 a l>ge body ( m51 ?r\gh a long p]iod ( "t1 h be5 f\nd will+ to incur reproa*1 #cj;b to endure pa91 & ev5 to suff] dea?1 9 ! support ( miracles :i* !y knew to be ! grosse/ frauds4--,if !y 72 !n ! k+dom ( ,satan #cj;c mu/1 9 ! mo/ signal mann]1 h be5 8divid$ aga9/ itself20 s9ce1 ^u ?is hypo!sis1 miracles :i* 7 wr\ght by devils1 7 employ$ to dispossess !m1 & f9ally accompli%$ ! subv]sion ( ! ,pagan ,my?ology1 ! mo/ =midable sy/em ( ma*9]y1 by :i* ,satan ev] p]petrat$ 8 designs ^u mank9d4 ,! evid5ce !n furni%$ by ?is ,"w1 on ! subject ( ,miracles1 is consid]able4 ,celsus admits _! exi/5ce2 ,orig5 appeals to !m1 z :at he1 & _m o!rs _h se54 ,!re is inde$ incontrov]tible evid5ce = _! exi/5ce1 till ! conv]sion ( ! ,roman ,empire inve/$ ,*ri/ianity ) temporal p[]1 & rais$ h] to univ]sal dom9ion4 ,) ! necessity1 ! possession ( ! miracul\s p[]s ceas$4 ,f ?is p]iod ! ,gospel 0 left to ! ord9>y grace ( ,god1 to its own res\rces1 & to ! human p[]s ( its foll[]s4 ,:5 a body ( illit]ate fi%]m5 7 commission$ to publi% x to all nations1 !n ,god suppli$ ! p[]s by :i* all m5 8he>d !m speak 9 _! own language40 #ca ,n[ t le>n+ & weal? are ! h&maids ( religion1 !y are left 9 a great measure to d ! "w ( miracles4 ,all our faculties %\ld be !re=e b5t to ?is sacr$ cause1 & all our spoils be (f]$ at ! foot ( ! cross4 ,nor is ! evid5ce furni%$ ev5 n[ to ,*ri/ianity ?r\gh ! *annel ( miracles by any means small4 ,al?\gh miracles ( "o class h ceas$1 m5 may see 9 ! true ,*ri/ian1 ! greate/ ( all miracles2 a man by nature1 cold1 corrupt1 indol5t1 selfi%1 trans=m$ "u ! creative h& ( ! ,gospel1 into ! bold1 g5]\s1 active1 dis9t]e/$1 ent]priz+1 apo/le ( tru?4 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,,"* ( ! ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ians4 ,,al?\gh ! "* ( an individual1 pr(ess+ a p>ticul> fai?1 is n suffici5t ( itself ei!r to e/abli%1 or condemn 8 cre$1 ! "* ( a :ole body1 pr(ess$ly liv+ "u ! influ5ce ( ! same pr9ciples1 be>s ! mo/ conv9c+ te/imony1 ei!r =1 or aga9/ !m4 ,accord+ly ! mix$ indol5ce1 s5suality1 & f]ocity ( ! ,mahometan "*1 h always be5 deem$ a suffici5t objection1 to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,koran4 ,& ! anci5t ,*ri/ian writ]s tell u1 t ! arm ( _! torm5tors1 0 sometimes susp5d$1 by ! purity ( ! ,*ri/ian victim3 & t !y he>d ) a/oni%m5t m5 supplicat+ bless+s on ! heads ( _! p]secutors4 ,n[ x may be ( importance to enquire1 :at te/imony is suppli$ by ! "w ( ,orig51 to ! "* ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 &1 ?r\gh !m1 to religion itself4 ,celsus objects to ! ,*ri/ians1 t !y invit$ e p]son1 #cd;a h[ev] ignorant1 or simple1 or wret*$1 or wick$1 to _! my/]ies2 & !reby made su* a society1 z 0 fit only = a company ( ?ieves4 ,to ?is ,orig5 replies by admitt+ _! will+ness to receive e body into _! society4 ,he glories 9 _! desire1 to give k to ! ignorant1 wisdom to ! simple1 peace to ! wret*$1 & re=mation to ! wick$4 ,he says t 8all are cordially receiv$2 & food adm9i/]$1 accord+ to _! diff]5t wants40 ,b he adds1 t1 z ! great object ( ,*ri/ianity 0 conv]sion f s91 #cd;b s1 be=e any 7 all[$ to p>take ( ! my/]ies ( religion1 !y 7 subject$ to consid]able trial2 t ! v acceptance ( ,*ri/ianity impli$ a conv]sion f ^! s9s1 & t if ! conv]ts ( ! ,*ri/ians #ce;a 7 exam9$1 !y w\ld be f\nd f> bett] ?an ! re/ ( m54 ,"s ( ! o!r objections s]ve1 9 a /rik+ mann]1 to %ew ! sup]iority bo? ( ,*ri/ianity & its foll[]s1 to ! prevail+ sy/em & curr5t *>act]s ( ! day4 8,n[ a days10 #ce;b says he1 8y die ) ,*ri/20 y tea* #ce;c su* precepts z 8resi/ n injuries40 ,?is *>ge ,orig5 is naturally unwill+ to refute4 ,he admits t su* is ! g5ius ( 8 religion1 t _m ,*ri/ians devote !mselves to p]petual celibacy2 8,we r5\nce luxury #ce;d to devote ourselves to ,god2 we expose our body #ce;e to all mann] ( suff]+s2 & are /rangl$ l %eep )\t d>+ to resi/40 ,9 ord] to repel "s *>ges ( ,celsus1 aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 z subjects1 & citiz5s1 ,orig5 appeals to ! evid5ce ( facts2 in/itutes a comp>ison betwe5 ! ,*ri/ians & ! hea!ns1 #cf;a "u ! same gov]nm5t1 at ,a!ns1 ,cor9?1 & o!r cities4 8,_! religion10 says he1 8tea*es1 t union ) ,god1 & ea* o!r1 is supreme happ9ess40 ,celsus *>ges !m ) hold+ secret assemblies4 #cf;b ,8 oppon5t1 :il/ he invites enquiry into ! nature & conduct ( ^! meet+s1 asks if _! actual circum/ances did n deb> !m f meet+ 9 any o!r mann]4 ,he objects to !m also1 t !y h no temples ( wor%ip2 #cf;c b is at once refut$1 by a /atem5t ( ! impossibility ( erect+ !m4 ,! error also is /at$1 ( imag9+ t ,god c dwell 9 temples made ) h&s2 & ! sublime article #cg;a ( our cre$ av[$1 t ! 8heav5 ( heav5s _c conta9 him60 #cg;b ,:ile !re=e1 ! paucity & weakness ( ! *>ges alleg$ by ! enemies ( ,*ri/ianity1 aga9/ its foll[]s1 is e/abli%$ by ?is "w1 mu* is incid5tally advanc$1 :i* sub/antiates ! sup]iority ( ! "* ( ,*ri/ians4 ,!y _h inde$ deg5]at$ ev5 9 ! days ( ,celsus4 ,! /ream _h n fl[$ ev5 ?us f>1 )\t be+ t+$ ) _m impurities4 ,b en\gh virtue 0 left to v9dicate ! religion2 en\gh to enable h] *ampions to demon/rate ! sup]ior efficacy ( ! fai?1 because x made ! be/ citiz5s & ! mo/ useful m54 ,! allegations ( ,celsus1 & ! def5ce ( ,orig51 alike prove ! ext5t ( ! suff]+s to :i* ! ,*ri/ians 7 subject$4 ,& x may be truly said1 t ! be/ def5ce ( ,*ri/ianity is writt5 ) ! blood ( its p]secut$ foll[]s4 ,x is n cr$ible1 t ^? %\ld ei!r be deceiv$1 or conspire to deceive o!rs1 ^: lives 7 almo/ necess>ily to pay ! =feit ( _! mi/ake1 or ( _! /ratagem4 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,,doctr9es ( ! ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ians4 ,,x w\ld be a mat]ial defect 9 an ,essay purport+ to /ate ! cont5ts ( ! reply ( ,orig5 to ,celsus1 & ! evid5ce suppli$ by x 9 fav\r ( ,*ri/ianity1 n to notice ! doctr9es ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 z !y may be collect$ f ! "w be=e u4 ,9 ! fir/ place !n x appe>s1 bo? f ! objections ( ! "o1 & ! direct ass]tion ( ! o!r1 t ! ,*ri/ians ( t age admitt$ 9 ! fulle/ s5se ! ,div9ity ( ,*ri/4 8,let !m10 says ,celsus1 8acc\nt him an angel1 b is he ! fir/ & only "o t is come80 #ci ,h5ce x is pla91 t h[ev] ,celsus might conf\nd angels & ,*ri/1 ! ,*ri/ians did n4 ,! ass]tions ( ,orig5 h[ev] are unequivocal1 & decisive4 ,?ree di/9ct propositions =m a prom95t "p #dj;a 9 8 writ+s4 ,fir/1 ,t ,*ri/ 0 77 uncreat$4 ,secondly1 ,t ! ,mak] ( ! ,_w is to be wor%ipp$4 ,?irdly1 ,t ,*ri/ is ! ,mak] ( ! ,_w4 ,z to ! fir/ po9t x is suffici5t to ref] to a passage :]e ,jesus ,*ri/ is expressly call$ ! 8uncreat$ ,son ( ,god40 #dj;b ,he pres]ves a precise di/9ction betwe5 creatures1 77 & _! ,creator2 & he br+s #dj;c !m toge!r into comp>ison z to ! respect t is due to !m4 ,9 ! next place he says t we ought to wor%ip #dj;d no creatures 771 b ! ,creator2 #dj;e t we c only lift up our eyes #dj;f to ! ,creator ( all ! magnific5ce ( ,nature1 to see :om we ought to admire1 s]ve1 & adore4 ,!n he proclaims ,jesus ,*ri/ #da;a z ! ,creator ( ! ,univ]se2 t ,god work+ ) him said at ! creation1 8,let !re be ,light1 let u make ,man40 #da;b ,b ,orig5 is yet m di/9ct 9 ! /atem5t ( 8 op9ions4 ,he says t ! ,fa!r is inde$ em95tly ,god2 #da;c b t ! wor%ip ( ! ,son #da;d is n an inf]ior b a ,div9e wor%ip2 he applies ! same expression to ! adoration ( ,jesus ,*ri/ #da;e by ! ,magi t he does to ! wor%ip ( ,god2 he speaks ( ! ,fa!r #da;f & ! ,son be+ jo9tly wor%ipp$ z "o ,god2 he admits #da;g ! wor%ip ( ! ,son 9 8 di/9ct individual "*2 he attributes to him immutability1 #da;h omnipres5ce1 #da;i & o!r qualities #da;j :i* are *>act]i/ic only ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 #dak ,! p]sonality ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is di/9ctly admitt$ by ,orig52 #db & 8 desc5t ^u e>? at ! day ( ,p5teco/4 ,he also frequ5tly ass]ts1 t miracles 7 p]=m$ ^u e>? by ! ag5cy #dc;a ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,to ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t cont9ual ref]5ces are made4 ,! recognition is n less di/9ct1 bo? by ,celsus1 & ,orig51 ( ! doctr9e ( ,ju/ification by ,fai?1 z ! op9ion ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 8,y tell s9n]s10 says ,celsus1 8n to exam9e1 b believe2 & _! fai? w save !m40 #dc;b ,?is is precisely ! language 9 :i* an unc&id oppon5t might be expect$ to /ate t doctr9e4 ,a m pati5t exam9ation ( ! sy/em w\ld h taught him1 t 8exam9e y\rselves10 #dc;c & 8se>* ! ,scriptures10 #dc;d 7 lessons taught by ! same ,ma/] :o insi/$ ^u ! efficacy ( a true & liv+ fai?4 ,!re are two doctr9es1 orig9al s91 & ! et]nity ( puni%m5t1 z to "o ( :i* ! language ( ,orig5 is contradictory1 & z to ! o!r x is het]odox4 ,on ! doctr9e ( orig9al s91 he ass]ts1 9 "o place1 8t no s\l came vici\s f ! h&s ( ,god1 #dd;a b t _m p]sons s corrupt !mselves by bad education1 or example1 or advice1 t s9 becomes z x 7 natural2 b t x is n v difficult1 mu* less impossible to conqu] ?is1 corruption by ! ^w ( ,god40 ,9 ! latt] clause he supposes ! assi/ance ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 because he else:]e says1 8,we _c give ourselves a pure he>t1 )\t ! help ( ! ,holy ,_s3 #dd;b we mu/ !re=e pray1 ,create 9 me a new he>t1 ,o ,god40 #dd;c ,he ackn[l$ges 9 ano!r place t ,adam s9n$1 & t we1 9 our bodies1 #dd;d are naturally prone to s9 by our desc5t f him4 ,celsus /ates ! doctr9e aft] ! mann] ( ! ,fatali/s2 ass]t+ an orig9al bias to evil1 & acc\nt+ t bias to be insurm\ntable4 ,! language ( ,orig5 z to ! doctr9e ( future puni%m5ts is s obscure1 z to make x difficult to det]m9e :at 7 8 op9ions4 ,he seems h[ev]1 9 g5]al to speak ! language #de ( ,plato1 ^u a /ate ( future exi/5ce1 r ?an t ( ,*ri/2 & to furni% a conv5i5t basis = ! doctr9e ( purgatory1 :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,rome aft]w>ds introduc$ among ! cr$5da ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,al?\gh he di/9ctly /ates 8 own op9ion ^u ?is subject1 yet he treats x ) a caution almo/ am\nt+ to suspicion1 z to its practical consequ5ces4 ,?is proves to u two ?+s4 ,fir/1 ,t a belief ( ! et]nity ( future puni%m5t 0 g5]ally held by ! ,*ri/ians1 or he w\ld h /at$ 8 own op9ion )\t res]ve4 ,secondly1 ,t ,orig5 9 "s measure appreh5d$ t ! doctr9e on ?is subject :i* he held1 0 n consi/5t 9 its op]ation ) t gospel1 :i* tea*es t1 8d5y+ ungodl9ess & worldly lu/s1 we %\ld live sob]ly1 righte\sly1 & godly1 9 ?is pres5t life40 #df;a ,c\ld he fe> ?is & yet be firmly conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( 8 own doctr9es8 ,c\ld he believe t ! diff]5t p>ts ( ,*ri/ianity _h an opposite t5d5cy--t its ,almighty fram] w\ld pull d[n ) "o arm :at he erect$ ) ! o!r4 ,x is rem>kable t we le>n f ,celsus1 :at ,orig5 z to ?is po9t might n h taught u2 t ! et]nity ( puni%m5ts 0 ! common fai? ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,8 words are1 8,!y 7! ,*ri/ians7 p]suade !mselves t ! good1 #df;b aft] ?is life1 %all be happy1 ! wick$ %all be plung$ into ev]la/+ wret*$ness3 f :i* op9ion1 nei!r let !m1 nor any o!r mortal dep>t40 ,su* is a slight sket* ( ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 z held by ! ,*ur* at ! p]iod :5 ?is "w 0 writt54 ,t ! fai? ( ^? times is ! fai? ( ! pure/ ,*ur*es 9 our own days1 t ! cre$ ( "o c5tury is ! cre$ ( _m ages1 9 itself1 af=ds v conv9c+ te/imony to our religion4 ,! sam5ess ( ! fai?1 proves 9 ! fir/ place1 ! integrity ( ! ,scriptures f :i* x is drawn4 ,x proves also1 t x is1 by "o & ! same ,div9e ,_s1 t all true ,*ri/ians1 9 all successive p]iods1 are taught & influ5c$4--,x proves t ,*ri/ians1 in/ead ( yield+ !mselves l ! hea!ns1 disciples to e succe$+ philosoph]1 & 8call+ _m m5 ma/]10 h call$ only "o _! 8tea*]10 _! 8guide10 _! 8ma/]10 :i* is ,god4 ,x proves ! sup]iority ( ,*ri/ianity to "t & place2 t x is a religion suit$ to all m51 9 all ages1 & 9 all circum/ances1 & t x !re=e be>s ! impress ( a religion s5t f ,god1 & design$ to be ! fai? ( ! univ]se4 ,x enables u la/ly1 to consid] our ,cre$1 n z ! conception ( a solit>y en?usia/1 n a cunn+ly devis$ fable1 or ! s*eme ( an ambiti\s innovator2 b to ca/ ourselves back1 z x 71 ^u ! fai? ( nations1 & lay hold confid5tly ( t ,tree ( ,life :i* 0 plant$ by ,*ri/1 & ^: fruit has be5 ga!r$ by ! h&1 & ^: root has be5 f$ by ! blood ( sa9ts 9 all ages4 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,,conclusion4 ,,hav+ ?us notic$1 9 succession1 ! sev]al topics :i* are *iefly insi/$ on 9 ! ,"w be=e u2 & hav+ endeav\r$ to d$uce f ea*1 ! di/9ct evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* x seem$ to af=d1 x rema9s only to sum up ! g5]al te/imony ?us borne to our religion4 ,let ! evid5ce be fir/ consid]$1 :i* arises f ! concessions & objections ( ,celsus4 ,9 ! fir/ place !n he proves ! exi/5ce ( ! ,scriptures 9 8 own times1 he relates "s facts extract$ f !m1 & he corroborates _m o!rs1 :i* w\ld o!rwise /& ^u _! unsupport$ au?ority2 & ?us he au!nticates bo? ! religion1 & ! ,bible4 ,9 ! next place1 z ,celsus is usually consid]$ ! mo/ subtle & malignant ( ! assailants ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! weakness ( 8 assault discov]s ! difficulty ( ! attack1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! /r5g? ( ! religion4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 8 admission ( _m facts1 :i* he w\ld h rejoic$ to d5y1 is a /rong te/imony to ! g5]al belief ( ! facts1 at ! p]iod at :i* he wrote4 ,f\r?ly1 ,8 w>y suppression ( "s circum/ances incontrov]tibly e/abli%$ by ! au?ority ( o!r p]sons1 ( mu* evid5ce :i* /r5g!n$1 & _m writ]s :o _h s]v$ ! ,*ri/ian cause1 #ej betrays 8 conviction t su* facts c\ld n be promulgat$ ) safety to 8 argum5t4 ,let u turn next to ! reason+s & ! reply ( ,orig51 & to ! evid5ce = ,*ri/ianity suppli$ by !m4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z ! infidel may f9d 9 ! objections1 all ! weapons by :i* he is n[ accu/om$ to assault religion1 s ! believ] may f9d 9 ! answ]s ( ,orig51 ! %ield :i* has repell$1 & is suffici5t to repel !m = ev]4 ,! confid5ce ) :i* ,orig5 appeals to ! ,scriptures1 ev9ces ! rev]5ce 9 :i* !y 7 held at an age :5 _! spuri\sness1 if !y _h n be5 g5u9e1 c\ld s readily h be5 detect$4 ,! exact correspond5ce ( ! ,scriptural passages extract$ by him1 ) our own copies1 e/abli%es ! integrity ( ! sacr$ canon4 ,! confid5ce ) :i* he *all5ges an inve/igation ( ! miracles1 & ! miracul\s p[]s ( ! ,*ur*1 = "s ages1 leaves u no room to d\bt ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! firm fai? ( su* a man z ,orig51 at a p]iod :5 ! evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity lay mo/ op5 to a scrut9y1 is no small te/imony ( ! tru? ( ! religion4 ,! v ra%ness :i* is *>g$1 & ju/ly *>g$ ^u ,orig51 is s f> satisfactory1 t x assures u1 ! fri5ds ( ,*ri/ianity1 h[ev] injudici\s1 c\ld op5 no av5ues ( attack ?r\gh :i* ! mo/ dextr\s adv]s>ies c\ld successfully assault ! citadel ( our fai?4 ,f9ally1 ,! effect wr\ght ^u ! "* ( ,orig51 & 8 contempor>ies1 to :i* he cont9ually ref]s1 at once gives weight to _! te/imony1 & v9dicates ! claim set up by ,*ri/ianity1 to a ,div9e efficacy accompany+ its doctr9es4 ,let ,orig5 himself be exam9$4 ,su* 0 8 sup]iority to worldly attraction1 t he #eb 0 cont5t to live & die1 a humble cate*i/ at ,alex&ria4 ,su* 0 8 devotion to ! sacr$ cause1 t he sold #ec;a 8 possessions = a daily all[ance t w\ld enable him to pursue ! duties ( piety & usefulness1 )\t di/raction4 ,su* 0 8 zeal1 t he is said to h bequea!d to 8 fell[-creatures six ?\s& volumes1 #ec;b ! fruits ( 8 own lab\r4 ,nor is 8 "* a solit>y in/ance1 ^u ! annals ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! great mass ( individuals :o drank at or ne> ! f\nta9-head ( ! religion1 7 evid5tly 8made :ole40 #ec;c ,!y 7 animat$ by ano!r _s1 & quick5$ into ano!r life4 8,old ?+s pass$ away1 & all ?+s became new40 #ec;d ,x 0 moreov] 9 ! p[] ( ^! m5 to exam9e ! s\rces ( objection :i* 7 op5$ to !m by ,celsus2 ?is !y _h c]ta9ly done1 b _! belief ga!r$ /r5g? by enquiry1 & !y seal$ _! te/imony by _! blood4 ,we h 9 _! conduct a pro( ( ! impression :i* ! argum5ts ( ,celsus made on _! m9ds4 ,paganism began to tremble1 :5 %e saw t ! new religion 0 n only a new cre$1 b a new p[]2 %e anticipat$ h] own d[nfall :5 %e exclaim$1 8,see h[ ^! ,*ri/ians love "o ano!r40 ,?is evid5ce is peculi> to ! ,gospel4 ,by ?is1 "u ! ,div9e aid1 x asc5d$ ! ?rone1 & grasp$ ! sceptre ( ! _w4 ,by ?is x w cont9ue to conqu]1 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x4 ,^u ! :ole1 ! reply ( ,orig5 to ,celsus may be consid]$ z "o ( ! mo/ valuable legacies ( antiquity4 ,! importance ( ! subject1 ! tal5ts ( ! cont5d+ au?ors1 ! ample evid5ce x af=ds to our fai?1 claim = x our e>ne/ consid]ation2 ! errors ( ,orig5 are su* z a little sagacity may correct1 8 m]it w ev] be confess$1 :ile religion %all ne$ an apology1 or tal5t & piety h any claim to admiration4 ,x is true t ! revolution ( ages has af=d$1 z might be expect$1 to tru? additional evid5ce1 & to error fre% refutation4 ,s mu* h[ev] 0 effect$1 9 _! di/9ct ent]prizes by ! e>ly enemies & fri5ds ( ,*ri/ianity1 t ! vanity ( unbeliev]s %\ld be subdu$1 by discov]+ mo/ ( _! objections to h be5 be=e advanc$1 & ! fai? ( ,*ri/ians %\ld be confirm$1 by kn[+ !m to h be5 long s9ce refut$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,end4 ,,footnotes4 #a;a ,! ref]5ces made to ! orig9al "w are to ! edition ( ,guliel4 ,sp5c]1 ,cantabrigi5sis1 ,collegii ,,ss4 ,tr9itatis ,socius4 #afeh4 #a;b 8 40 ,con4 ,cels4 ,p4 lvi4 #ad4 #a;c ,l>dn]1 vol4 ,,viii4 #f4 #a;d ,con4 ,cels4 ,p4 viii4 #ahf4 #a;e ,lucian1 vol4 ,i4 p4 #gdf4 #b;a ,euseb4 ,b4 vii4 c4 #ai4 #b;b ,con4 ,cels4 #bca1 c4 #b;c ,con4 ,cels4 #ef4 #c;a ,miln]1 ,ec4 ,hi/4 vol4 ,i4 #dhi4 8,great hone/y ( m9d 01 if ,i mi/ake n1 a rul+ feature ( ,orig5's "*40 ,paley1 vol4 ,i4 #bib4 #c;b ,eus4 con4 ,hi]oc4 #eaa4 ,ed4 ,p>is4 #c;c ,hi]on4 ,ep4 #hc4 ,op4 ,tom4 ,,iv4 #fee4 ,ed4 ,p>is4 #c;d ,cave1 ,life ( ,orig51 ,bull4 def4 ,fid4 ,nic4 #c;e ,huet4 ,ev4 d',avin*es4 ,m4 de la ,motte4 ,dup94 #e;a ,con4 ,cels4 #aha4 #e;b ,ib4 #ahc4 #e;c ,ib4 #ahf4 #f;a ,con4 ,cels4 #ahf4 #f;b ,con4 ,cels4 xiv4 #afg4 #f;c ,jos4 de ,jud4 ,antiq4 #f;d ,tatian ad ,gr4 ,orat4 #f;e ,con4 ,cels4 #ac4 #f;f ,con4 ,cels4 #afg4 #f;g ,ib4 #aae4 #g;a ,con4 ,cels4 #ad4 #bfj4 #g;b ,ib4 #ahi4 et seq4 #h;a ,con4 ,cels4 #aab4 #h;b ,ib4 #ci4 #h;c ,ib4 #dd4 #aj;a ,matt4 *4 ii4 #aj;b ,afric4 9 ,eus4 #aj;c ,hosp9i de ,orig4 ,tempi4 c4 iii4 #aa;a 8,cum audisset 7,augu/us7 int] pu]os1 quos 9 ,syri ,h]odes rex ,judoram intra bimatum jussit int]fici1 filium quoque ejus occisum1 ait1 ,melius esse ,h]odis ,porcum esse quam ,filium40 ,macrob4 ,sat4 ii4 #d4 #aa;b ,eclogue #d?4 ,9 :i* ! expressions relat+ to ! ,gold5 ,age1 ( :i* he prophesi$ ! adv5t1 h ! greate/ simil>ity to ^? appli$ to ! ,messiah by ,isaiah4 ,see an admirable ,essay1 entitl$1 8,obs]vations on #d? ,eclogue40 ,mill]1 #ahaj4 8,tibi quem promitti spius audis40 neid1 lib4 vi4 #gia4 #aa;c ,cic4 ,or4 #c contr4 ,catil94 l94 #gb4 #aa;d ,bell4 ,catil94 #aa;e 8,p]]ebu]at ori5te toto vetus et con/ans op9io1 esse 9 fatis1 ut eo tempore ,judi pr(ecti r]um potir5tur40 ,sueton4 ,vespasian1 cap4 iv4 #h4 #aa;f 8,pluribus p]suasio in]at1 antiquis sac]dotum lit]is cont9]i1 eo ipso tempore =e1 ut valesc]et ori5s1 pr(ectique ,jud r]um potir5tur40 ,tac4 ,84 ,b4 ,v4 c4 ix4 #ac4 #ac;a ,con4 ,cels4 #fg4 #ac;b ,con4 ,cels4 #adg4 #ac;c ,matt4 xi4 #e4 #ac;d ,luke v4 #cb4 #ad;a ,con4 ,cels4 #gg4 #ad;b 8,!re are ab\t eighty quotations f ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,celsus40 ,doddridge4 #ae ,con4 ,cels4 #dg4 #af;a ,! writ+s ( ,orig5 are e/eem$ ( great] value ?an ^? ( any o!r ( ! ,fa!rs 9 pro( ( ! au!nticity ( ,scripture4 ,dr4 ,mills says1 8,si hc 7op4 ,orig47 integra sup]ess5t1 v]s>etur utique nobis ob oculos univ]sus f]e textus utriusque ,te/am5ti qualis i/o seculo f]ebatur40 ,mill4 ,proleg4 #fd4 ,ed4 ,ox4 #agjg4 #af;b ,^? omitt$ 9 8 quotations3 ,ru?1 #b ,*ronicles1 ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 ,e/h]1 ,song ( ,solomon1 ,joel1 ,obadiah1 ,nahum1 ,habakkuk4 #af;c ,philemon1 #b ,john1 ,jude4 #af;d ,tobit1 ,wisdom1 ,ecclesia/icus1 #a ,maccabees1 #b ,maccabees4 #af;e ,matt4 *ap4 ii4 c4 #af;f ,con4 ,cels4 #aag4 #ag;a ,con4 ,cels4 #cdf4 #ag;b ,ps4 cxxxvii4 #h4 #ai;a ,con4 ,cels4 #bb4 #ai;b ,ib4 #be4 #bj;a ,con4 ,cels4 #bf4 #bj;b ,! ,au?or is aw>e1 t _m v pr(ligate p]sons h be5 plac$ on ! ,cal5d> ( ,popi% ,sa9ts4 ,su* cases h[ev] apply to a lat] p]iod 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,hi/ory ?an t to :i* he ref]s4 #bj;c ,con4 ,cels4 #cfi4 #bj;d ,ib4 #afh4 #bj;e ,ib4 #afd4 #ba;a ,con4 ,cels4 #cbi4 #ba;b ,horat4 ,b4 iii4 ,od4 #af4 ,ovid4 ,met4 #d4 #ba;c ,john xviii4 #cf4 #ba;d #a ,john ii4 #ae4 #ba;e ,james ii4 #e4 #ba;f ,rom4 v4 #f4 #ba;g ,isaiah liii4 #c4 #ba;h ,heb4 i4 #h4 #bb;a ,exod4 xiv4 #bj4 #bb;b ,con4 ,cels4 #gb4 #bhb4 #gi4 #bb;c ,ib4 #hb4 #ie4 #bb;d ,ib4 #hb4 #cdj4 #bb;e ,ib4 #id4 #bb;f ,ib4 #ih4 #bc ,luke xvi4 #ca4 #bd;a ,euseb4 v4 c4 #g4 ,t]t4 ad ,scap4 #d4 ,apol4 #bc4 ,!ophil4 #bd;b ,con4 ,cels4 #hg4 #be;a ,con4 ,cels4 #ec4 #be;b ,doddridge--,%]lock--,*&l]1 ,def4 #dbi4 #bf;a ,con4 ,cels4 #abd4 #bf;b ,ib4 #hi4 #bg;a ,con4 ,cels4 #cd4 #ec4 #abd4 #abg4 #ccg4 #bg;b ,ib4 #cd4 #bh;a ,con4 ,cels4 #abe4 #bh;b ,ib4 #ia4 #bh;c ,ib4 #hh4 #cj;a ,ex4 viii4 #ai4 #cj;b ,con4 ,cels4 #hg4 #cj;c ,matt4 xii4 #bf4 #ca ,acts ii4 #f4 #cd;a ,con4 ,cels4 #adg4 #cd;b ,ib4 #adg4 #ce;a ,con4 ,cels4 #aej4 #ce;b ,ib4 #hf4 #ce;c ,ib4 #cgj4 #ce;d ,ib4 #cfe4 #ce;e ,ib4 #aae4 #cf;a ,con4 ,cels4 #abh4 #cf;b ,ib4 #d4 #cf;c ,ib4 #cgc4 #cg;a ,con4 ,cels4 #cge4 #cg;b #a ,k+s viii4 #bg4 #ci ,con4 ,cels4 #bff4 #dj;a ,wat]l&'s ,def4 #dj;b ,con4 ,cels4 #bhg4 #dj;c ,ib4 #cge4 #dj;d ,ib4 #bcg4 #dj;e ,ib4 #cfg4 #dj;f ,ib4 #aeh4 #da;a ,con4 ,cels4 #cjh4 #cbe4 #da;b ,ib4 #fc4 #da;c ,ib4 #bcc4 #da;d ,ib4 #chb4 #da;e ,ib4 #df4 #afj4 4 #da;f ,ib4 #chf4 #da;g ,ib4 #bci4 #da;h ,ib4 #afi4 #da;i ,ib4 #afd4 #da;j ,ib4 #aga4 #cdb4 #chg4 #chf4 c4 c4 #dak ,x may be obs]v$1 t al?\gh *>ges 7 laid aga9/ "s ( ,orig5's doctr9es aft] 8 dea?1 none 7 made aga9/ 8 or?odoxy on ! subject ( ! ,tr9ity1 till aft] ! "t ( ,arius4 ,! ,eu/a?ians !n oppos$ him on ! gr\nd ( "s expressions :i* he _h us$ aga9/ ! ,sabellians1 by :i* he sep>at$ ! hypo/ases ( ! ,godhead4 ,8 or?odoxy 0 h[ev] ma9ta9$ by ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz51 ,/4 ,basil1 ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ,*ryso/om1 & ,didymus4 ,! words ( ,/4 ,a?anasius are 8,v]bum autem ab t]no esse cum patre1 nec alt]ius sub/anti vel hypo/asis1 s$ ipsius pat]n sub/anti proprium illum esse1 quemadmodum dix]unt qui int]fu]unt ,synodo1 liceat nobis rursus audire etiam ex laborioso ,orig9e40--,op4 ,a?an4 ,t4 #a4 p4 #bgg4 ,j]ome ab\t ! ye> #cij said ( ,orig51 8,quem po/ ,apo/olos1 ,ecclesi>um ,magi/rum nemo nisi imp]itus negabat4 ,prf4 ad nom4 ,heb40 ,8 celebrat$ controv]sy ) ,ruff9us !n began1 & z ! latt] 0 an admir] & translator ( ,orig5's writ+s1 ! "* ( ,orig5 0 involv$ 9 ! dispute1 & ,j]ome heap$ ^u x all ! abuse he ?\ght due to ,ruff9us4 ,bi%op ,bull says ( ?is transaction1 8,hi]onymus odi su 9 ,orig9em seu potis 9 ,orig5is int]pretem ,ruff9um1 nimim indulg5s1 indeque omnia ejus v]ba dictaque 9 pessimum s5sum trah]e amans40--,bullii4 ,op4 ,om4 p4 #aba4 ,& aga91 8,hi]onymus 9 hac ,orig5is accusatione1 animum c&ore ali5um atque affectibus abreptum ita manife/ prodidit1 ut 9 ct]is crim9ationibus fidem sibi omnem d]ogsse videatur40--,bullii4 ,op4 ,om4 p4 #abc4 ,miln] 7,ecc4 ,hi/4 ,i4 #dif7 obs]ves t ! ,arians :o _h s v little assi/ance f prec$5ts1 7 glad to cat* at ! %ad[ ( an argum5t drawn f ,orig5's illu/ri\s "n1 & !y accord+ly s\ght out expressions obscure 9 !mselves1 b pla9ly contradictory to ! g5]al t5or ( 8 op9ions1 ^u ! gr\nd ( :i* !y claim him z _! support]4 ,miln] obs]ves ( ^! m5 7,ecc4 ,hi/4 ,,ii4 #afc7 t e ?+ mean & sordid1 cruel & inhuman1 ambiti\s & p]fidi\s is on _! side1 & ?is is ! "* ( _! conduct t[>ds ! writ+s ( ,orig54 ,( mod]n writ]s ! op9ion is decisive4 ,bi%op ,bull says1 8,ita mecum /atuo ,orig5em 9 articulo de fillii div9itate adeoque de ,s4 ,tr9itate rev]a ,ca?olicum fuisse40--,bullii4 ,op4 ,om4 p4 #abg4 ,wat]l&1 ,*&l]1 ,fiddes1 & ,cudwor? hold ! same s5tim5t4 #db ,con4 ,cels4 #ce4 #dc;a ,con4 ,cels4 #cd4 #dc;b ,ib4 #h4 #dc;c #b ,cor4 xiii4 #e4 #dc;d ,john v4 #ci4 #dd;a ,con4 ,cels4 #aec4 #dd;b ,ib4 #ced4 #dd;c ,ps4 li4 #aj4 #dd;d ,con4 ,cels4 #aij4 #de ,con4 ,cels4 #bdb4 #bib4 c4 #df;a ,titus ii4 #ab4 #df;b ,con4 ,cels4 #dji4 #ej ,ignatius1 ,polyc>p1 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,tatian4 #eb ,cave's ,lives4 #ec;a ,euseb4 ,b4 ,,vi4 c4 #c4 #ec;b ,epiph4 ,epis4 ,con/4 contra ,hr4 p4 #ada4 ,ed4 #afag4 ,de ,illu/4 ,eccle4 ,script4 #bdi4 ,ed4 ,colon4 #aehj4 ,geor4 ,c$r4 ,comp54 ,hi/4 #bec4 ,ed4 ,p>4 #afdg4 ,mic4 ,glyc4 ,an4 #bdb4 ,ed4 ,p>4 #affj4 #ec;c ,john v4 #d4 #ec;d #b ,cor4 v4 #ag4