,,transcriber',s ,,note ,italic text is denoted by underscores4 ,bold text is denoted by equal signs4 ,a superscript is denoted by 2 for example ,,esq,r4 ,obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources4 ,footnotes have been moved to the end of the book text1 and before the publisher's ,book ,catalog4 ,some ,footnotes are very long4 ,the #c-star asterism symbol in the ,catalog is denoted by 4 ,more detail can be found at the end of the book4 ,,hogarth',s ,,works3 ,,with ,,life ,,and ,,anecdotal ,,descriptions ,,of ,,his ,,pictures4 ,,second ,,series4 ,illustration3 ,,marriage ,a ,,la ,,mode4 ,,plate ,i4 ,,hogarth',s ,,works3 ,,with ,,life ,,and ,,anecdotal ,,descriptions ,,of ,,his ,,pictures4 ,,by ,,john ,,ireland ,,and ,,john ,,nichols1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,illustration ,,the ,,whole ,,of ,,the ,,plates ,,reduced ,,in ,,exact ,,fac-,,simile ,,of ,,the ,,originals4 ,second ,series4 ,london3 ,,chatto ,,and ,,windus1 ,,publishers4 7,,successors ,,to ,,john ,,camden ,,hotten47 ,,list ,,of ,,plates ,,described ,,in ,,the ,,second ,,series4 ,,page ,,marriage ,a ,,la ,,mode-- ,,plate ,i4 ,the ,marriage ,settlement1 ,frontispiece ,,plate ,,ii4 ,the ,viscount and his ,lady at ,home1 #bd ,,plate ,,iii4 ,the ,viscount's ,visit to the ,quack ,doctor1 #bh ,,plate ,,iv4 ,the ,countess's ,morning ,levee1 #cf ,,plate ,v4 ,the ,husband killed in a ,bagnio1 #dj ,,plate ,,vi4 ,death of the ,countess1 #dd ,,first ,,stage ,,of ,,cruelty1 #ed ,,second ,,stage ,,of ,,cruelty1 #ef ,,cruelty ,,in ,,perfection1 #eh ,,the ,,reward ,,of ,,cruelty1 #fb ,,beer ,,street1 #ff ,,gin ,,lane1 #fh ,,paul ,,before ,,felix 7,burlesqued71 #gd ,,paul ,,preaching ,,before ,,felix1 #gf ,,the ,,same--,,another ,,engraving1 #gh ,,moses ,,and ,,pharaoh',s ,,daughter1 #hb ,,four ,,prints ,,of ,,an ,,election-- ,,plate ,i4 ,the ,entertainment1 #hh ,,plate ,,ii4 ,canvassing for ,votes1 #ih ,,plate ,,iii4 ,the ,polling1 #ajf ,,plate ,,iv4 ,chairing the ,member1 #aab ,,the ,,march ,,to ,,finchley1 #abb ,,the ,,invasion-- ,,plate ,i4 ,france1 #adj ,,plate ,,ii4 ,england1 #adb ,,the ,,cockpit1 #adf ,,credulity1 ,,superstition1 ,,and ,,fanaticism1 #afj ,,the ,,times-- ,,plate ,i41 #ahj ,,plate ,,ii41 #bjh ,,john ,,wilkes1 ,,esq41 #bbb ,,the ,,rev4 ,c4 ,,churchill1 #bbh ,,boys ,,peeping ,,at ,,nature 7#b ,plates71 #bdd ,,the ,,laughing ,,audience1 #bdf ,,the ,,lecture1 #bej ,,the ,,orchestra1 #bed ,,the ,,company ,,of ,,undertakers1 #beh ,,character ,,and ,,caricature1 #bff ,,sarah ,,malcolm1 #bfh ,,columbus ,,breaking ,,the ,,egg1 #bgf ,,the ,,five ,,orders ,,of ,,periwigs1 #bhd ,,the ,,bench1 #bij ,,the ,,beggars' ,,opera1 #bib ,,the ,,indian ,,emperor1 #cjj ,,the ,,bathos1 #cab ,illustration3 7end of section floral icon7 ,,hogarth ,,illustrated4 ,,marriage ,a ,,la ,,mode4 ',tis from high life our characters are drawn4 ,in his preceding prints ,mr4 ,hogarth generally pointed his satire at persons in a subordinate situation1 and took his examples from the inferior ranks of society4 ,from the situation of his characters1 and the minute precision with which he displayed the scenes he professed to delineate1 we sometimes see little violations of that decorum which is perhaps necessary in engravings professedly designed for furniture4 ,for this neglect of delicacy some of his prints were censured2 to remove all apprehensions of this series being liable to the same objections1 they were thus announced in the ,london ,daily ,post of ,april #g1 #agdc3-- ,mr4 ,hogarth intends to publish1 by subscription1 six prints from copperplates1 engraved by the best masters in ,paris after his own paintings2 the heads1 for the better preservation of the characters and expressions1 to be done by the author1 representing a variety of modern occurrences in high life1 and called ',marriage la ,mode4' ,particular care is taken that the whole work shall not be liable to exception1 on account of any indecency or inelegancy2 and that none of the characters represented shall be personal1 etc4 ,the artist has adhered to his engagement3 he has struck at an higher order1 and displayed the follies and vices which frequently degrade our nobility4 ,he has exhibited the prospect of a fashionable marriage1 where the gentleman is attracted by riches1 and the lady by ambition4 ,that misery and destruction succeeded an union founded upon such principles is not to be wondered at2 the progress of that misery1 and the final destruction of the actors1 is so delineated as to form a regular and well-divided tragedy4 ,in the first act are represented five principal characters2 and three of them1 by a regular chain of incidents naturally flowing from each other1 fall victims to their own vices4 ,the young nobleman1 for attempting to revenge the violation of his wife's virtue1 which he never cherished1 is killed by her paramour1 who for this murder suffers an ignominious death2 and the lady1 distracted at the reflection of having been the cause of their lives terminating in so horrid a manner1 makes her own quietus with a dose of laudanum4 ,this is painting to the understanding1 appealing to the heart1 and making the pencil an advocate in the cause of morality4 ,it is doing that poetical justice which our dramatists have sometimes neglected1 and in which they have perhaps been justified by the common events of human life2 for it must be acknowledged1 that while virtue is frequently unfortunate1 we often see vice successful4 ,notwithstanding this1 those pictures are surely best calculated to encourage men in the practice of the social duties which display the evils consequent upon their violation4 ,whatever poetical justice may allow1 morality demands that some examples should be held up to prove that the omission of a duty frequently leads to the perpetration of a crime2 and that crimes of so black a dye as are here represented1 almost invariably terminate in wretchedness1 infamy1 and death4 ,the original pictures were1 on the #fth of ,june #agej1 purchased by ,mr4 ,lane of ,hillingdon1 near ,uxbridge1 for one hundred and twenty guineas6--a price so inadequate to their merit1 and to what it might have been fairly presumed they would have produced even at that time1 that it becomes difficult to account for it in any other way than by supposing that the strange way in which ,mr4 ,hogarth ordered the auction to be conducted puzzled the public1 who1 not exactly comprehending this new mode of bidding1 declined attending or bidding at all4 ,the following particulars relative to the sale were communicated by ,mr4 ,lane to ,mr4 ,john ,nichols3-- ,some time after the pictures had been finished1 perhaps six or seven years1 they were advertised to be sold by a sort of auction1 not carried on by personal bidding1 but by a written ticket1 on which every one was to put the price he would give1 with his name subscribed to it4 ,these papers were to be received by ,mr4 ,hogarth for the space of one month1 and the highest bidder at twelve o'clock1 on the last day of the month1 was to be the purchaser3 none but those who had in writing made their biddings were to be admitted on the day that was to determine the sale4 ,this nouvelle method of proceeding probably disobliged the public1 and there seemed to be at that time a combination against poor ,hogarth1 who1 perhaps1 from the extraordinary and frequent approbation of his works1 might have imbibed some degree of vanity1 which the town in general1 friends and foes1 seemed resolved to mortify4 ,if this was the case 7and to me it is very apparent71 they fully effected their design2 for on the memorable #fth of ,june #agej1 which was to decide the fate of this capital work1 about eleven o'clock1 ,mr4 ,lane1 the fortunate purchaser1 arrived at the ,golden ,head1 when1 to his great surprise1 expecting 7what he had been a witness to in #agde1 when ,hogarth disposed of many of his pictures7 to have found his painting room full of noble and great personages1 he only found the painter and his ingenious friend ,dr4 ,parsons1 secretary to the ,royal ,society1 talking together1 and expecting a number of spectators at least1 if not of buyers4 ,mr4 ,hogarth then produced the highest bidding1 from a gentleman well known1 of #aaj4 ,nobody coming in1 about ten minutes before twelve1 by the decisive clock in the room1 ,mr4 ,lane told ,mr4 ,hogarth he would make the pounds guineas4 ,the clock then struck twelve1 and ,hogarth wished ,mr4 ,lane joy of his purchase1 hoping it was an agreeable one4 ,mr4 ,lane answered1 ',perfectly so4' ,now followed a scene of disturbance from ,hogarth's friend the ,doctor1 and what more affected ,mr4 ,lane1 a great appearance of disappointment in the painter1 and truly with great reason4 ,the ,doctor told him he had hurt himself greatly by fixing the determination of the sale at so early an hour1 when the people in that part of the town were hardly up4 ,hogarth1 in a tone and manner that could not escape observation1 said1 ',perhaps it may be so6' ,mr4 ,lane1 after a short pause1 declared himself to be of the same opinion2 adding1 that the artist was very poorly rewarded for his labour1 and if he thought it would be of service to him1 would give him till three o'clock to find a better purchaser4 ,hogarth warmly accepted the offer1 and expressed his acknowledgments for this kindness in the strongest terms4 ,the proposal likewise received great encomiums from the ,doctor1 who proposed to make it public4 ,this was peremptorily forbidden by ,mr4 ,lane1 whose concession in favour of our artist was remembered by him to the time of his death4 ,about one o'clock1 two hours sooner than the time appointed1 ,hogarth said he could no longer trespass on his generosity1 but that if he was pleased with his purchase1 he himself was abundantly so with the purchaser4 ,he then desired ,mr4 ,lane to promise that he would not dispose of the pictures without previously acquainting him of his intention1 and that he would never permit any person1 under pretence of cleaning1 to meddle with them1 as he always desired to take that office on himself4 ,this promise was readily made by ,mr4 ,lane1 who has been tempted more than once by ,mr4 ,hogarth to part with his bargain at a price to be named by himself4 ,when ,mr4 ,lane bought the pictures they were in ,carlo ,maratte frames1 which cost the painter four guineas a-piece4 ,on the death of ,mr4 ,lane the six pictures became the property of his nephew ,colonel ,cawthorne1 and were in the summer of #agib put up by auction at ,mr4 ,christie's1 and the proprietor bought them in at nine hundred guineas4 ,they were a short time afterwards purchased by ,mr4 ,angerstein1 at one thousand guineas1 and are now in his very fine collection4 ,if considered in the aggregate1--in conception1 character1 drawing1 pencilling1 and colouring1--it will not be easy1 perhaps not possible1 to find six pictures painted by any artist1 in any age or country1 in which such variety of superlative merit is united4 99 99 99 99 99 ,since the publication of the first edition of these volumes1 the following description of ,marriage la ,mode was found among the papers of the late ,mr4 ,lane of ,hillingdon2 and his family believe it to be ,hogarth's ,explanation1 either copied from his own handwriting1 or given verbally to ,mr4 ,lane at the time he purchased the pictures4 ,it is subjoined1 that the reader may form his own judgment3-- ,,explanation ,,of ,,the ,,paintings ,,of ,,the ,,late ,,mr4 ,,hogarth1 ,,called ,,marriage ,a ,,la ,,mode4 ,where ,titles deign with ,cits to have and hold1 ,and change rich blood for more substantial gold2 ,and honour'd trade from interest turns aside1 ,to hazard happiness for titled pride4--,,garrick4 ,the ,first ,picture4 ,there is always a something wanting to make men happy3 the great think themselves not sufficiently rich1 and the rich believe themselves not enough distinguished4 ,this is the case of the ,alderman of ,london1 and the motive which makes him covet for his daughter the alliance of a great lord2 who1 on his part1 does not consent thereto but on condition of enriching his son2--and this is what the painter calls marriage la mode4 ,these sort of marriages are truly but too common in ,england2 and it is1 moreover1 not unfrequent to see them unhappy as they are ill chosen4 ,the two figures of the ,alderman and the ,earl are in every respect so well characterized that they explain themselves4 ,the ,alderman1 with an air of business1 counts his money like a man used to this employment2 and the ,earl1 full of his titles and the greatness of his birth1 which he lets you see goes as high as ,william the ,conqueror1 is in an attitude which shows him full of pride2 you think you hear him say me1 my arms1 my titles1 my family1 my ancestors3 everything about him carries marks of distinction2 his very crutches1 the humbling consequence of his infirmities1 are decked with an earl's coronet2 these infirmities are introduced here as the usual consequence of that irregularity of living but too frequent among the great4 ,the two persons who are betrothed1 on their parts are by no means attentive to one another3 the one looks at himself in the glass1 is taking snuff1 and thinking of nothing2 the other is playing negligently with a ring1 and seems to hear with indifference the conversation of a kind of a lawyer who attends the execution of the marriage articles4 ,another lawyer is exclaiming with admiration on the beauty of a building seen at a distance1 and upon which the ,earl has spent his whole fortune1 and has not sufficient to finish the same4 ,a number of idle footmen1 who are about the court of this building1 finish the representation of the ruinous pageantry in which the ,earl is engaged4 ,the ,second ,picture4 ,that indifference between the parties which preceded marriage la mode has not been wanting to follow it4 ,we unite ourselves by contract1 and we live separately by inclination4 ,tired and fatigued one of another1 such husbands and wives have nothing in common but a house1 tiresome to the husband1 and into which he enters as late as he can2 and which would not be less tiresome to the lady1 was it not sometimes the theatre of other pleasures1 either in entertainments or routs4 ,there is here represented a room where there has just been one of these routs1 and the company just separated1 as you see by the wax candles not yet extinguished4 ,the clock shows you it is noon2 and this anticipation of the night upon the day is not the slightest of those strokes which are intended to show the disorder which reigns in the house4 ,madam1 who has just had her tea1 is in an attitude which explains itself perhaps too much4 ,be that as it will1 the painter's intention is to represent this lady neglected by her husband1 under dispositions which make a perfect contrast with the present situation of this husband1 who is just come home1 and who appears in a state of the most perfect indifference2 fatigued1 exhausted1 and glutted with pleasure4 ,this figure of the husband1 by the novelty of its turn1 the delicacy and truth of its expression1 is most happily executed4 ,a steward of an old stamp1 one of those1 if such there be1 who are contented with their salary1 seizes this moment1 not being able to find another1 to settle some accounts4 ,the disorder which he perceives gives him a motion which expresses his chagrin1 and his fear for the speedy ruin of his master4 ,the ,third ,picture4 ,the bad conduct of the hero of the piece must be shown here2 the painter for this purpose introduces him into the apartment of a quack1 where he would not have been but for his debauchery4 ,he makes him meet at the same time1 at this quack's1 one of those women who1 being ruined themselves long since1 make afterwards the ruin of others their occupation4 ,a quarrel is supposed to have arisen between this woman and our hero1 and the subject thereof appears to be the bad condition1 in point of health1 of a young girl1 from a commerce with whom he had received an injury4 ,this poor girl makes here a contrast1 on account of her age1 her fearfulness1 her softness1 with the character of the other woman1 who appears a composition of rage1 madness1 and of all other crimes which usually accompany these abandoned women towards those of their own sex4 ,the doctor and his apartment are objects thrown in by way of episode4 ,although heretofore only a barber1 he is now1 if you judge by the appearance he makes1 not only a surgeon1 but a naturalist1 a chemist1 a mechanic1 a physician1 and an apothecary2 and to heighten the ridicule1 you see he is a ,frenchman4 ,the painter1 to finish this character according to his own idea1 makes him the inventor of machines extremely complicated for the most simple operations2 as1 one to reduce a dislocated limb1 and another to draw the cork out of a bottle4 ,the ,fourth ,picture4 ,this piece is amusing by the variety of characters therein represented4 ,let us begin with the principal2 and this is ,madam at her toilette3 a ,french valet de chambre is putting the finishing stroke to her dress4 ,the painter supposes her returned from one of those auctions of old goods1 pictures1 and an hundred other things which are so common at ,london1 and where numbers of people of condition are duped4 ,it is there that1 for emulation1 and only not to give place to another in point of expense1 a woman buys at a great price an ugly pagod1 without taste1 without worth1 and which she has no sort of occasion for4 ,it is there also that an opportunity is found of conversing1 without scandal1 with people whom you cannot see anywhere else4 ,the things which you see on the floor are the valuable acquisitions our heroine has just made at one of those auctions4 ,it is extremely fashionable at ,london1 to have at your house one of those melodious animals which are brought from ,italy at great expense2 there appears one here1 whose figure sufficiently distinguishes him to those who have once seen one of those unhappy victims of the rage of ,italians for music4 ,the woman there is charmed1 almost to fainting1 with the ravishing voice of this singer2 but the rest of the company do not seem so sensible of it4 ,the country gentleman1 fatigued at a stag or a fox chase1 is fallen asleep4 ,you see there1 with his hair in papers1 one of those personages who pass their whole life in endeavouring to please1 but without succeeding2 and there1 with a fan in his hand1 you see one of those heretics in love1 a disciple of ,anacreon4 ,you see likewise1 on the couch1 the lawyer who is introduced in the first picture1 talking to the lady4 ,he appears to have taken advantage of the indifference of the husband1 and that his affairs are pretty far advanced since the first scene4 ,he is proposing the masquerade to his mistress1 who does not fail to accept of it4 ,the next piece proceeds to present to you the frightful consequences of this step4 ,the ,fifth ,picture4 ,the houses of bagnio-keepers are yet at ,paris what they were heretofore at ,london3 but now the bath is but the accessory1 the appendix of the bagnio-keepers of this country1 and excepting two or three of their houses1 the others have for the principal view of their establishment the reception of any couple1 well or ill sorted1 who are desirous of a chamber1 or a bed1 for an hour or a night4 ,the price is fixed in each house3 there are some where you pay five shillings1 in others half a guinea3 you enter both into one and the other at any time with a great deal of safety1 and are received there with all the complaisance imaginable4 ,nothing is better furnished1 more clean1 and better conducted than these houses of debauchery4 ,the masqueraders often make assignations at these places2 and it is for such an assignation that our heroine has accepted of the ticket which her lover offers her in the former piece4 ,a husband1 whose wife goes to the masquerade without him1 is not without his inquietudes2 it is natural that ours here has secretly followed his wife thither1 and from thence to the bagnio1 where he finds her in bed with the lawyer4 ,they fight2--the husband is mortally wounded3 his wife1 upon her knees1 is making useless protestations of her remorse4 ,the watchmen enter2 and the lawyer1 in his shirt1 is getting out of the window4 ,the ,sixth ,picture4 ,we are now at the house of the ,alderman4 ,london ,bridge1 which is seen through the window1 shows the quarter where the people of business live4 ,the furniture of this house does not contribute to its ornament2--everything shows niggardliness2 and the dinner1 which is on the table1 the highest frugality4 ,you see the tobacco-pipes set by in the corner3 this1 too1 is a mark of great economy4 ,some pictures you see1 upon very low subjects1 to give you to understand by this choice that persons who1 like the ,alderman1 pass their whole life in thinking of nothing but enriching themselves1 generally want taste and elegance4 ,besides1 everything here is contrasted with what you saw at the ,earl's3 the pride of one1 and the sordidness of the other1 are always equally ridiculous by the odd subjects of the pictures which are there seen2 but generally in the choice of pictures1 neither the analogy1 taste1 or agreement one with another are consulted4 ,the broker only is advised with1 who on his part consults only his own interest1 of which he is much more capable of being a judge than he is of painting2 like a seller of old books1 who knows how to say1 ,here is an ,elzevir ,horace1 or one of the ,louvre edition1--and who knows all this without being acquainted with poetry1 or capable of distinguishing an epigram from an epic poem4 ,there is only one difference between a bookseller and a broker3 the first has certain marks by which he knows the edition2 and the other is obliged to have recourse to inspiration1 which is the only way whereby he is able to judge infallibly1 as he does1 whether a picture is an original or no4 ,but to return to our subject4 ,the daughter of the ,alderman1 now a widow1 is returned to her father4 ,her lover has been taken and hanged for the murder of her husband3 this she has learned from the dying speech which is at her foot upon the floor4 ,a conscience disturbed and tormented with remorse is very soon driven to despair4 ,this woman1 who by the consequence of her infidelity has destroyed her husband1 her lover1 her reputation1 and her quiet1 has nothing to lose but her life4 ,this she does by taking laudanum4 ,she dies4 ,an old servant in tears makes her kiss her child1 the melancholy production of an unfortunate marriage4 ,the ,alderman1 more sensible of the least acquisition than of the most tragical events1 takes1 without emotion1 a ring from the finger of his expiring daughter4 ,the apothecary is severely reprimanding the ridiculous footman of the house who had procured the poison1 the effects of which finish the catastrophe4 ,thus ends this explanation2 and whether it was copied from what ,hogarth wrote1 or1 as is more probable1 made up from verbal remarks which he had made at different times1 it does not in any material points differ from the following description of the plates1 which was published some years before the editor saw or heard of the above paper4 ,,plate ,i4 ,while the proud ,earl of ,rollo's royal race ,points to the peers his pompous parchment grace2 ,builds all his honours on a noble name1 ,and on his father's deeds depends for fame2 ,the wary citizen1 with heedful eye1 ,inspects what's settled on posterity2 ,pours out the pelf by rigid avarice pil'd1 ,to gain an empty title for his child4 ,in vain the pomp1 in vain the gold1 ,love cannot thus be bought and sold2 ,such sordid motives he disdains1 ,nor can be bound in ,mammon's chains4 ,with cold contempt1 disgust1 and deadly hate1 ,the new-made wife regards her tawdry mate2 ,while he1 ,narcissus-like1 with eager gaze1 ,eyes those fine features which his glass displays1 ,in his own person centres all his pride1 ,and as his bride loves him1 he loves his bride4 ,like ,satan1 whispering in the ear of ,eve 7,by nature form'd to ruin and deceive71 ,a black-rob'd1 smooth-tongued son of ,belial see1 ,that would betray his ,saviour for a fee2 ,with base1 insidious smile1 and tender air1 ,bend o'er the inexperienc'd1 thoughtless fair1 ,assaying by his devilish art to reach ,the organs of her fancy1 and to teach ,pernicious1 wicked tenets1 that would taint ,the pure chaste virgin or the hallowed saint2 ,tenets of baneful1 deadly1 sinful dye1 ,that lead to shame1 remorse1 and infamy4--,e4 ,it has been observed that woman1 among savages1 is a beast of burden2 in the ,east1 a piece of furniture2 and in ,europe1 a spoiled child4 ,under the last denomination we may safely class the heroine of this history4 ,she has all the pouting humours of a boarding-school girl4 ,this alliance originated in her father wishing to aggrandize his family1 and the sire of the ,viscount wishing to clear his estate4 ,these purposes answered1 the two patriarchs troubled themselves no further4 ,a similarity of disposition1 or union of hearts1 the nobleman considered as too vulgar an idea for a man of rank2 and in the citizen's ledger of happiness there were no such items4 ,their dispositions are strongly marked by the different objects which engage their attention4 ,the portly nobleman1 with the conscious dignity of high birth1 displays his genealogical tree1 the root of which is ,william ,duke of ,normandy1 and conqueror of ,england4 ,the valour of his great progenitor1 and the various merits of the collateral branches which dignify his pedigree1 he considers as united in his own person1 and therefore looks upon an alliance with his son as the acme of honour1 the apex of exaltation4 ,while he is thus glorying in the dust of which his ancestors were once compounded1 the prudent citizen1 who in return for it has parted with dust of a much more weighty and useful description1 paying no regard to this heraldic blazonry1 devotes all his attention to the marriage settlement4 ,the haughty and supercilious ,peer is absorbed in the contemplation of his illustrious ancestry1 while the worshipful ,alderman1 regardless of the past1 and considering the present as merely preparatory for the future1 calculates what provision there will be for a young family4 ,engrossed by their favourite reflections1 neither of these sagacious personages regards the want of attachment in those who are to be united as worthy a moment's consideration4 ,to do the ,viscount justice1 he seems equally indifferent2 for though evidently in love--it is with himself4 ,gazing in the mirror with delight1#a and in an affected style displaying his gold snuff-box and glittering ring1 he is quite a husband la mode4 ,the lady1 very well disposed to retaliate1 plays with her wedding-ring1 and repays this chilling coldness with sullen contempt2 her heart is not worth the ,viscount's attention1 and she determines to bestow it on the first suitor4 ,an insidious lawyer1 like an evil spirit ever ready to move or second a temptation1 appears at her right hand4 ,that he is an eloquent pleader1 is intimated by his name1 ,counsellor ,silvertongue3 that he can make the worse appear the better cause1 is only saying in other words that he is great in the profession4 ,to predict that with such an advocate her virtue is in danger1 would not be sufficiently expressive4 ,his captivating tones and insinuating manners would have ensnared ,lucretia4 ,two dogs in a corner1 coupled against their inclinations1 are good emblems of the ceremony which is to pass4#b ,the ceiling of this magnificent apartment is decorated with the story of ,pharaoh and his host drowned in the ,red ,sea4 ,the ocean on a ceiling proves a projector's taste1#c and attention to the costume2 the sublimity of a painter is exemplified in the hero delineated with one of the attributes of ,jove4 ,this fluttering figure is probably intended for one of the ,peer's high-born ancestors1 and is invested with the ,golden ,fleece and some other foreign orders4 ,to give him still greater dignity1 he is in the character of ,jupiter2 while one hand holds up an ample robe1 the other grasps a thunderbolt4 ,a comet is taking its rapid course over his head2 and in one corner of the picture two of the family of ,boreas are judiciously blowing contrary ways4 ,to some such supernatural cause we must attribute the drapery and long peruke flying in opposite directions4 ,immediately before him a cannon is represented in the moment of explosion3 to leave the spectator no doubt of its being intended for serious business1 and not as a mere feu-de-joie1 the ball is seen in its progress4 ,all this is ridiculous enough1 but not an iota more absurd than many of the ,french portraits which ,hogarth evidently intended to burlesque by this parody4#d ,their painters have mistaken extravagance for spirit1 and violence for freedom4 ,fine as are many of their engravings1 they frequently give us lines that resemble the flourishes of a writing-master more than the free strokes of an artist4 ,in the painting which represents ,goliah slain by ,david1 the gigantic ,philistine is stretched on the earth1 and1 in truth1 appears to cover many a rood4 ,beneath is the merciful ,judith3 one hand grasps the sword with which she decollated ,holofernes1 and the other rests upon his bleeding head4 ,the adjoining picture exhibits a view of ,st4 ,sebastian pierced with arrows1 and that on the other side of the room displays ,prometheus and the vulture2 beneath is a representation of ,cain slaying ,abel4 ,st4 ,lawrence upon the gridiron is placed under a painting of ,herod's cruelty4 ,as the ornament of a chandelier1 over the sofa on which the hymeneal pair are seated1 is a relievo of ,medusa's head2 both this and other agreeable subjects may possibly have some covert allusions1 but to me they are not obvious4 ,hogarth's leading object in them all seems to be a ridicule of those who gave these barbarous delineations a preference to his own paintings4 ,the self-important consequence of the noble inhabitant of this mansion is displayed in every part of his furniture4 ,the coronet glitters not only upon the canopy1 but the crutches2 is mounted upon the frame of the mirror1 and marked on the side of the dog4 ,mr4 ,nichols observes1 that among such little circumstances as might escape the notice of a careless spectator1 is the thief in the candle1 emblematical of the mortgage on his lordship's estate4--,as the mortgage is now paying1 one thinks the thief might have been spared4 ,the artist1 however1 might mean to intimate that his lordship's estate was run to waste by the negligence and carelessness of the proprietor4 ,the same commentator properly remarks that the unfinished edifice seems at a stand for want of money1 no workman appearing on the scaffolds1 or near them2 and adds1 that a number of figures which are before the building were designed for the lazy vermin of his lordship's hall1 who1 having nothing else to do1 are sitting on the blocks of stone1 or staring at the building4 ,the characters in this print are admirably marked4 ,nothing can be better contrasted than the cautious1 calculating countenance of the ,alderman1 and the haughty overbearing air of the ,peer4 ,to this may be added the stare of the ,serjeant1 astonished at so magnificent an edifice1 and the cunning craft of the ,usurer delivering up the mortgage4 ,the plate was engraved by ,g4 ,scotin1 and published ,april #a1 #agde4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,behold how ,vice her votary rewards1 ,after a night of folly1 frolic1 cards1 ,the phantom pleasure flies1--and in its place ,comes deep remorse and torturing disgrace1 ,corroding care1 and self-accusing shame1 ,a ruin'd fortune1 and a blighted fame4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,marriage ,a ,,la ,,mode4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,wearied1 languid1 and spiritless from the dissipations of the night1 with his sword broken in a riotous frolic1 the modish ,viscount comes home at noon1 and finds his lady just arisen1 and seated en dshabill at her matin meal4 ,from the melancholy cast of his countenance1 and both hands being in his pockets1 we may infer that he has been unsuccessful at the gaming-table4 ,a cap and riband1 which hang out of his coat pocket1 lead us to suppose that part of his night has been passed in the company of a female2 and from the attention a dog pays to the cap1 we are led to suspect that he may have originally belonged to the lady who is its proprietor4 ,the ,viscountess#e has been contemplating her face in a pocket-mirror1 and is scarcely recovered from the fatigue of a rout1 which by the cards1 instruments1 and music book on the floor1 we conclude to have been the preceding night's amusement4#f ,an ungartered servant1 who is yawning in the background1 pays little attention to his master or mistress1 and is totally regardless of a chair1 which is in great danger from the blaze of an expiring candle2 this1 with those left burning in the sockets since the conclusion of their nocturnal revelry1 must give a pleasing perfume to the breakfast-room4 ,the old steward's attitude and countenance clearly indicate that he foresees the gulf into which an united torrent of dissipation will inevitably plunge this infatuated pair4 ,he has brought a great number of bills for payment3 to one1 and only one1 is a receipt1 which1 being dated ,january #d1 #agdd1 determines the time when vulgar tradesmen are extremely troublesome to men of rank4 ,of the paintings in this stately saloon1 that of which we see only a part is properly concealed by a curtain4 ,the four cartoons1 very judiciously placed in the same line1 are1 ,i believe1 intended for the four evangelists4 ,next to that which is opposite the chandelier is a faint representation of another picture4 ,the lines are ambiguous1 but seem intended to represent a ship in a storm3 a very proper emblem of the wreck which is likely to succeed the negligence and dissipation of this noble family4 ,a marble head1 in a cut wig1 perhaps intended for one of the ,csars1 with the nose broken1 to show that it is a genuine antique1 decorates the centre of the chimney-piece4 ,in most of the other grotesque and fantastic ornaments1 ,gay china's unsubstantial forms supply ,the place of beauty1 strength1 simplicity2 ,each varied colour of the brightest hue1 ,the green1 the red1 the yellow1 and the blue1 ,in every part the dazzled eyes behold1 ,here streak'd with silver1 there enrich'd with gold4 ,a painting over the chimney-piece represents ,cupid playing upon the bagpipes4 ,both subject and frame prove the classical taste of the proprietor4 ,the ornaments round a clock are equally elegant and peculiarly appropriate4 ,it is encompassed by a kind of grove1 with a cat on the summit and a ,chinese pagoda at the bottom4 ,if the branches were tenanted by the feathered tribe1 it would be no more than we see every day2 it would be vulgar nature4 ,to make it uncommonly grand1 and peculiarly magnifique1 they are occupied by two fishes4#g ,the crowned chandelier1 candlesticks1 chairs1 footstool1 chimney-piece1 and grate1 are evidently made from the designs of ,william ,kent4#h ,to that fashionable architect they are indebted for the plan of the stupendous saloon1 which has an air of grandeur and magnificence that is not often seen in ,mr4 ,hogarth's works4 ,it produces such a sensation as ,pope describes on seeing ,timon's villa1 ,where all cry out1 what sums are thrown away6 ,this plate was engraved by ,baron1 but the old steward's face is1 ,i think1 marked by the burin of ,hogarth4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,to ,galen's great descendant list1--oh list6 ,behold a surgeon1 sage1 anatomist1 ,mechanic1 antiquarian1 seer1 collector1 ,physician1 barber1 bone-setter1 dissector4 ,the sextons1 registers1 and tombstones tell1 ,by his prescriptions1 what an army fell2 ,med'cines--by him compos'd will stop the breath1 ,and every pill is fraught with certain death4#i--;,e4 ,illustration3 ,,marriage ,a ,,la ,,mode4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,this has been said to be the most obscure delineation that ,hogarth ever published3 how far the short explanation copied from ,mr4 ,lane's papers may contribute to sanction my previous description1 ,i do not presume to judge4 ,hitherto there have certainly been many different opinions as to the meaning of this print1 and ,churchill is said to have asserted1 that from its appearing so ambiguous to him1 he once requested ,hogarth to explain it1 but that the artist1 like many other commentators1 left his subject as obscure as he found it4 ,from this circumstance1 added the poet1 ,i am convinced he formed his tale upon the ideas of ,hoadley1 ,garrick1 ,townley1 or some other friend1 and never perfectly comprehended what it meant4 ,how it was possible for ,hoadley1 ,garrick1 and ,townley1 or any other friend1 to furnish ,hogarth with ideas to compose the third plate of an historical series1 ,i cannot comprehend4 ,i can suppose it possible that the artist might not choose to explain to ,churchill what he himself thought obvious1 and therefore declined giving him any explanation4 ,i can suppose that1 admirably as ,hogarth told a story with his pencil1 he might not be qualified to express his verbal meaning with equal accuracy1 and therefore be misunderstood2 but1 above all1 ,i can suppose it not only possible1 but probable1 that this bitter satirist1 making the declaration after the publication of ,wilkes' ,portrait1 ,the ,bruiser1 and ,the ,times1 might1 from resentment to the artist1 be provoked to give a poetical colouring to the story about the ,marriage la ,mode4 ,i think it must be considered as a sort of episode1 no further connected with the main subject than as it exhibits the consequences of an alliance entered into from sordid and unworthy motives4 ,in the two preceding prints the hero and heroine of this tragedy show a fashionable indifference towards each other4 ,on the part of the ,viscount1 we see no indication of any wish to conciliate the affections of his lady4 ,careless of her conduct1 and negligent of her fame1 he leaves her to superintend the musical dissipations of his house1 and lays the scene of his own licentious amusements abroad4 ,the female heart is naturally susceptible1 and much influenced by first impressions4 ,formed for love1 and gratefully attached by delicate attentions2 but chilled by neglect1 and frozen by coldness1--by contempt it is estranged1 and by habitual and long-continued inconstancy sometimes lost4 ,to show that our unfortunate victim to parental ambition has suffered this mortifying climax of provocation1 the artist has made a digression1 and exhibited her profligate husband attending a quack doctor4 ,in the last plate he appears to have dissipated his fortune2 in this he has injured his health4 ,from the hour of marriage he has neglected the woman to whom he plighted his troth4 ,can we wonder at her conduct8 ,by the ,viscount she was despised2 by the ,counsellor adored4 ,this insidious1 insinuating villain1 we may naturally suppose acquainted with every part of the nobleman's conduct1 and artful enough to make a proper advantage of his knowledge4 ,from such an agent the ,countess would probably learn how her lord was connected3 from his subtle suggestions1 being aided by resentment1 she is tempted to think that these accumulated insults have dissolved the marriage vow1 and given her a right to retaliate4 ,thus impelled1 thus irritated1 and attended by such an advocate1 can we wonder that this fair unfortunate deserted from the standard of honour1 and sought refuge in the camp of infamy8 ,to her husband many of her errors must be attributed4 ,she saw he despised her1 and therefore hated him2 found that he had bestowed his affections on another1 and followed his example4 ,to show the consequence of his unrestrained wanderings1 the author1 in this plate1 exhibits his hero in the house of one of those needy empirics who play upon public credulity1 and vend poisons under the name of drugs4 ,this quack being family surgeon to the old procuress who stands at his right hand1 formerly attended the young girl1 and received his fee as having recovered his patient4 ,that he was paid for what he did not perform1 appears by the countenance of the enraged nobleman1 who lifts up his cane in a threatening style1 accompanying the action with a promise to bastinado both surgeon and procuress for having deceived him by a false bill of health4 ,these menaces our natural son of sculapius treats with that careless nonchalance which shows that his ears are accustomed to such sounds2 but the haggard high priestess of the temple of ,venus1#aj tenacious of her good name1 and tremblingly alive to any aspersion which may tend to injure her professional reputation1 unclasps her knife1 determined to wash out this foul stain upon her honour with the blood of her accuser4 ,the nick-nackitory collection that forms this motley museum is exactly described by ,doctor ,garth2 one would almost think ,hogarth made the dispensary his model in designing the print4 ,here mummies lie1 most reverently stale1 ,and there1 the tortoise hung her coat of mail3 ,not far from some huge shark's devouring head1 ,the flying fish their finny pinions spread2 ,aloft1 in rows1 large poppy-heads were strung1 ,and near1 a scaly alligator hung3 ,in this place1 drugs in musty heaps decay'd1 ,in that1 dry'd bladders and drawn teeth were laid4 ,an horn of the sea unicorn is so placed as to give the idea of a barber's pole2 this1 with the pewter basin and broken comb1 clearly indicate the former profession of our mock doctor4 ,the high-crowned hat and antique spur1 which might once have been the property of ,butler's redoubted knight1 the valiant ,hudibras1 with a model of the gallows1 and sundry nondescript rarities1 show us that this great man1 if not already a member of the ,antiquarian ,society1 is qualifying himself to be a candidate4 ,the dried body#aa in the glass-case1 placed between a skeleton and the sage's wig-block1 form a trio that might serve as the symbol of a consultation of physicians4 ,a figure above the mummies seems at first sight to be decorated with a flowing periwig1 but on a close inspection will be found intended for one of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's anthropophagi1 a sort of men whose heads do grow beneath their shoulders4 ,even the skulls have character2 and the principal mummy has so majestic an aspect1 that one is almost tempted to believe it the mighty ,cheops1 king of ,egypt1 whose body was certainly to be known1 being the only one entombed in the large pyramid4#ab ,by two machines1 constructed upon the most complicated principles1 though intended for performing very simple operations1 we discover that our quack studies mechanics4 ,on one of them lies a folio treatise descriptive of their uses2 by which we are informed that the largest is to reduce a dislocated limb1 the smallest is to draw a cork6--each of them invented by ,monsieur ,de la ,pilul1 and inspected and approved by the ,royal ,academy of ,paris4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,the new-made ,countess treads enchanted ground1 ,and madly whirls in pleasure's airy round2 ,from ,circe's cup delicious poison quaffs1 ,and1 drunk with pomp1 at cold discretion laughs4 ,while the soft warbling of a senseless song1 ,pour'd from a neutral nothing1#ac charms the throng2 ,to love's fond tale the fair her ear inclines1 ,to ,satan's agent all her soul resigns4 ,beware his soft insidious smiles1 ,fly from his glance1 and shun his wiles2 ,avoid the serpent's poisonous breath1 ',tis fraught with infamy and death4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,marriage ,a ,,la ,,mode4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,by the old ,peer's death our fair heroine has attained the summit of her wishes1 and become a ,countess4 ,intoxicated by this elevation1 and vain of her new dignity1 she ranges through the whole circle of frivolous amusements1 and treads every maze of fashionable dissipation4 ,her excesses are rendered still more criminal by the consequent neglect of domestic duties2 for1 by the coral on the back of her chair1 we are led to suppose that she is a mother4 ,her morning levee is crowded with persons of rank1 and attended by her paramour1 and that contemptible shadow of man1 an ,italian singer1 with whose dulcet notes two of our right honourable group seem in the highest degree enraptured4 ,this bloated animal1 carelessly and consequentially leaning back in his chair1 is dressed in a richly embroidered coat1 and every finger is loaded with a diamond4 ,though in a morning1 his solitaire1 kneebands1 and shoes are decorated with gems4#ad ,he is quavering1 ,the seeming echo of what once was song1 ,sweet by defect1 and impotently strong4 ,that our extravagant ,countess purchased the pipe of this expensive exotic in mere compliance to the fashion of the day1 without any real taste for his mellifluous warblings1 is intimated by the absorbed attention which she pays to the ,advocate1 who1 with the luxuriant indolent grace of an ,eastern effendi1 is lolling on a sofa at her right hand4 ,by his pointing to the folding screen1 on which is delineated a masquerade revel1#ae at the same time that he shows his infatuated inamorato a ticket of admission1 we see that they are making an assignation for the evening4 ,the fatal consequences of their unfortunate meeting is displayed in the two succeeding plates4 ,a ,swiss servant1 who is dressing her hair1 has all the grimace of his country2 he is the complete ,canton of the ,clandestine ,marriage4 ,the contemptuous leer of a black footman1 serving chocolate1 is evidently directed to the singer1 and forms an admirable contrast to the die-away lady seated before him1#af who1 lost to every sense but that of hearing1 is exalted to the third heaven by the enchanting song of this pampered ,italian4 ,on the country gentleman1#ag with a whip in his hand1 it has quite a different effect2 with the echoing ,tally ho6 he would be exhilarated2 by the soft sounds of ,italia1 his soul is lulled to rest4 ,the fine feeling creature1 with a fan suspended from its wrist1 is marked with that foolish face of praise which understands nothing1 but admires everything that it is the ton to admire6 ,the taper supporters of ,monsieur en papillote are admirably opposed to the lumbering pedestals of our mummy of music4 ,the figure behind him#ah blows a flute with every muscle of his face4 ,a little black boy in the opposite corner1 examining a collection of grotesque china ornaments which have been purchased at the sale of ,esquire ,timothy ,babyhouse1 pays great attention to a figure of ,acteon1 and with a very significant leer points to his horns4 ,under a delineation of ,jupiter and ,leda1 on a china dish1 is written1 ,julio ,romano6 ,the fantastic group of hydras1 gorgons1 and chimeras dire1 which lie near it1 are an admirable specimen of the absurd and shapeless monsters which disgraced our drawing-rooms until the introduction of ,etrurian ornaments4 ,by the fantastic decorations upon a chimney-piece in the second plate1 we saw that our fashionable pair had a taste1 and this taste may have been one source of their embarrassments4 ,another of their follies which1 when gaming is united to it1 will level their lofty forests and lay their proudest mansions in the dust1 is displayed in the cards of invitation scattered on the floor4 ,they afford a good specimen of polite literature1 and the writers deserve a niche in the catalogue of royal and noble authors4 ,the list follows3-- ,count ,basset desire to no how ,lady ,squander sleep last nite4 ,lord ,squander's company is desired at ,lady ,townley's drum4 ,monday next4 ,lady ,squander's company is desired at ,miss ,hairbrain's rout4 ,lady ,squander's company is desired at ,lady ,heathen's drum-major4 ,sunday next4 ,the pictures in this dressing-room are well suited to the profligate proprietor1 and may be further intended as a burlesque on the strange and grossly indelicate subjects so frequently painted by ancient masters3 ,lot and his daughters2 ,ganymede and the ,eagle2#ai ,jupiter and ,io2 and a portrait of the young ,lawyer1 who is the favourite--the cicisbeo--or more properly1 the seducer of the ,countess4 ,this print was engraved by ,ravenet1 who has preserved the characters4 ,,plate ,v4 ,her dream of dissipation o'er1 ,the bubble pleasure charms no more2 ,the spell dissolv'd--broken the chain1 ,reason too late resumes her reign4-- ,in vain the tear and contrite sigh1 ,in vain the poignant agony4-- ,henceforth--thy portion is despair1 ,remorse1 and deep corroding care2 ,misery6--to madness near allied1 ,and ignominious suicide1 ,thy minion's meed1 by law's decree1 ,is death--a death of infamy6--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,marriage ,a ,,la ,,mode4 ,,plate ,v4 ,our exasperated ,peer1 suspecting his wife's infidelity1 follows her in disguise to the masquerade1 and from thence traces these two votaries of vice to a bagnio4 ,finding they are retired to a bedroom1 he bursts open the door1 and attacks the spoiler of his honour with a drawn sword4 ,too much irritated to be prudent1 and too violent to be cautious1 he thinks only of revenge2 and1 making a furious thrust at the ,counsellor1 neglects his own guard1 and is mortally wounded4 ,the miscreant who had basely destroyed his peace and deprived him of life is not bold enough to meet the consequences4 ,destitute of that courage which is the companion of virtue1 and possessing no spark of that honour which ought to distinguish the gentleman2 dreading the avenging hand of offended justice1 he makes a mean and precipitate retreat4 ,leaving him to the fate which awaits him1 let us return to the deluded ,countess4 ,feeling some pangs from a recollection of her former conduct1 some touches of shame at her detection1 and a degree of horror at the fate of her husband1 she kneels at his feet1 and entreats forgiveness4 ,some contrite tears she shed4 ,there is reason to fear that they flow from regret at the detection rather than remorse for the crime2 a woman vitiated in the vortex of dissipation is not likely to feel that ingenuous shame which accompanies a good mind torn by the consciousness of having deviated from the path of virtue4 ,alarmed at the noise occasioned by this fatal rencontre1 the inmates of the brothel called a watchman3 accompanied by a constable1 this nocturnal guardian is ushered into the room by the master of the house1 whose meagre and trembling figure is well opposed to the consequential magistrate of the night4 ,the watchman's lantern we see over their heads1 but the bearer knows his duty is to follow his superiors2 conscious that though the front may be a post of honour1 yet in a service of danger the rear is a station of safety4 ,immediately over the door is a picture of ,st4 ,luke2 this venerable apostle being a painter1 is so delineated that he seems looking at the scene now passing1 and either making a sketch or a record of the transaction4 ,on the hangings is a lively representation of ,solomon's wise judgment4#bj ,the countenance of the sapient monarch is not sagacious1 but his attitude is in an eminent degree dignified1 and his air commanding and regal4 ,he really looks like a tyrant in old tapestry2 and the arm of a chair is ornamented by a carving fraught with that terrific grace peculiar to the ancient masters4 ,we cannot say that the ,hebrew women who attend for judgment are either comely or fair to look upon4 ,were not the scene laid in ,jerusalem1 they might pass for two of the silver-toned ,naiades of our own ,billingsgate4 ,the grisly guards1 with faces all awry1 ,like ,herod's hang-dogs in old tapestry3 ,each man an ,askapart1 with strength to toss ,for quoits1 both ,temple-bar and ,charing-cross4 ,the grisly guards have a most rueful and tremendous appearance4 ,the attractive portrait of a ,drury ,lane ,diana1#ba with a butcher's steel in one hand and a squirrel perched on the other1 is hung in such a situation that the ,herculean pedestals of a ,jewish soldier may be supposed to be a delineation of her legs continued below the frame4 ,our ,counsellor's mask lies on the floor1 and grins horribly1 as if conscious of the fatal catastrophe4 ,dominoes1 shoes1 etc41 scattered around the room1 show the negligence of the ill-fated ,countess1 unattended by her femme de chambre4 ,from a faggot and the shadow of a pair of tongs1 we may infer that there is a fire in the room4#bb ,a bill near them implies that this elegant apartment is at the ,turk's ,head bagnio4 ,the dying agony of the ,earl 7whose face is evidently retouched by ,hogarth71 the eager entreaty of the ,countess1 the terror of mine host1 and the vulgar inflected dignity of ,mr4 ,constable1 are admirably discriminated4 ,i have stated in the former editions that the background of this plate was engraved by ,ravenet's wife1 but am since informed by ,mr4 ,charles ,grignion1 the engraver1 that this is a mistake4 ,see vol4 iii4 of this work4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,forlorn1 degraded1 and distrest1 ,the furies tear her tortur'd breast4 ,remorse1 with agonizing sigh1 ,and sullen shame with downcast eye2 ,anguish1--by cold reflection fed1 ,and wan despair1 and trembling dread1 ,in guise terrific hover round1 ,and ring the knell of thrilling sound4 ,scar'd ,reason totters on her throne1 ,and ,hope is fled6--and ,peace is gone4 ,shuddering at phantoms ever in her sight1 ,hating the garish sun1 and trembling at the night2 ,to poison1--sad resort6 she frantic flies1 ,and1 self-destroy'd1 the wretched ,countess dies6--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,marriage ,a ,,la ,,mode4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,the last sad scene of our unfortunate heroine's life is in the house of her father1 to which she had returned after her husband's death4 ,the law could not consider her as the primary cause of his murder2 but consciousness of her own guilt was more severe punishment than that could have inflicted4 ,this1 added to her father's reproaches1 and the taunts of those who were once her friends1 renders society hateful1 and solitude insupportable4 ,wounded in every feeling1 tortured in every nerve1 and seeing no prospect of a period to her misery1 she takes the horrid resolution of ending all her calamities by poison4 ,dreadful deed1 unbidden thus ,to rush into the presence of her ,judge1 ,and challenge vengeance4 ',tis said ,unheard-of tortures are reserved ,for murderers of themselves4 ,they herd together3 ,the common damn'd shun their society1 ,as fiends too foul for converse4 ,dreadful as is this resolve1 she puts it in execution by bribing the servant of her father to procure her a dose of laudanum4 ,close to the vial1 which lies on the floor1 ,hogarth has judiciously placed ,counsellor ,silvertongue's last dying speech1 thus intimating that he also has suffered the punishment he justly merited4#bc ,the records of their fate being thus situated1 seems to imply1 that as they were united in vice1 they are companions in the consequences4 ,these two terrific and monitory testimonies are a kind of propitiatory sacrifice to the manes of her injured and murdered lord4 ,her avaricious father1 seeing his daughter at the point of death1 and knowing the value of her diamond ring1 determined to secure this glittering gem from the depredations of the old nurse1 coolly draws it from her finger4 ,this little circumstance shows a prominent feature of his mind4 ,every sense of feeling absorbed in extreme avarice1 he seems at this moment calculating how many carats the brilliants weigh4 ,from a gown hung up near the clock we know him to be an alderman2 and from his sleek appearance1 we have some right to infer that he is constant in his attendance at city feasts1 for so comely a countenance could never be supported by the scanty and meagre viands of his own table4 ,his domestic care is intimated by the gaunt and hungry appearance of a dog1 who1 taking advantage of this general confusion1 seizes the brawn's head4#bd ,a rickety child1 heir to the complaints of its father1 shows some tenderness for its expiring mother2 and the grievous whine of an old nurse is most admirably described4 ,these are the only two of the party who exhibit any marks of sorrow for the death of our wretched ,countess4 ,the smug apothecary1 indeed1 displays some symptoms of vexation at his patient dying before she has taken his julap1 the label of which hangs out of his pocket4 ,her constitution1 though impaired by grief1 promised to have lasted long enough for him to have marked many additional dittos in his day-book4 ,pointing to the dying speech1 he threatens the terrified footboy with a punishment similar to that of the ,counsellor for having bought the laudanum4 ,the fellow protests his innocence1 and promises never more to be guilty of a like offence4 ,the effects of fear on an ignorant rustic cannot be better delineated2 nor is it easy to conceive a more ludicrous figure than this awkward retainer1 dressed in an old full-trimmed coat1 which in its better days had been the property of his master4 ,by the physician retreating1 we are led to conceive that1 finding his patient had dared to quit the world in an irregular way1 neither abiding by his prescriptions nor waiting for his permission1 he cast an indignant frown on all present1 and exclaimed in style heroic1 ',fellow1 our hat6'--no more he deign'd to say1 ,but stern as ,ajax' spectre1 stalk'd away4 ,the leathern buckets immediately over the ,doctor's head were1 previous to the introduction of fire-engines1 considered as proper furniture for a merchant's hall4 ,every ornament in his parlour is highly and exactly appropriate to the man4 ,the style of his pictures1 his clock1 a cobweb over the window1 repaired chair1 nay1 the very form of his hat1 are characteristic4 ,a silver cup upon the table1 and jug on the floor1 show us his style of living4 ,the scantiness of his own table is well contrasted by the plenty exhibited in the picture over the old nurse's head1 where iron pots1 brass pans1 cabbages1 and lanterns1 are indiscriminately huddled together1 with no other meaning than to show how highly a ,flemish artist could finish4 ,the attic delicacy of this patient and laborious school is displayed in the adjoining picture2 and their humour1 in that of a fellow wittily lighting his tobacco-pipe by the red nose of his companion4#be ,the pipe and bottle placed under the day-book and ledger1 and the whole crowned by a broken punch-bowl1 intimate that this venerable gentleman united business with pleasure4 ,the view through an open window marks the situation of our plodding merchant's house to be near ,london ,bridge1 and represents that absurd and ill-contrived structure in its original state1 loaded with houses4 ,a clock points the hour to be a little after eleven1 which at this highly polished and refined period would be deemed an early hour for a citizen's breakfast2 at that1 it was his hour of dinner6 ,thus has our moral dramatist concluded his tragedy1 and brought his heroine from dissipation and vice to misery and shame1 terminating her existence by suicide6 ,the drama of ,shakspeare has been said to be the mirror of life1 which to-day we see lighted up with gaiety1 and to-morrow clouded with sorrow4 ,shakspeare had the power of exciting laughter or grief1 not only in one mind1 but in one composition4 ,that ,hogarth had the same power1 and exerted it with the same disdain of the little cavils of little minds1 is evinced in this series of prints2 from the study of which1 a peasant1 who has never strayed beyond the precincts of his own cottage1 may calculate the consequences of dissipation2 and he who has lived secluded from society1 may form an estimate of the value of riches and high birth when abused by prodigality or degraded by vice4 ,in the year #agdf was published a coarse and vulgar poem1 in doggerel verse1 with the following title3 ,marriage la ,mode1 an humorous tale in six cantos1 in ,hudibrastic verse1 being an ,explanation of the six ,prints lately published by the ingenious ,mr4 ,hogarth4 ,london1 printed for ,weaver ,bickerton1 in ,temple ,exchange ,passage1 ,fleet ,street4 ,price ,one ,shilling4 ,the ,clandestine ,marriage is professedly formed upon the model of these prints4 ,,the ,,four ,,stages ,,of ,,cruelty4 ,the poorest beetle that we tread upon1 ,in corporal sufferance feels a pang as great ,as when a giant dies4 ,this pathetic lesson of humanity is given by the poet of nature4 ,aiming at the same end by different means1 our benevolent artist here steps forth as the instructor of youth1 the friend to mercy1 and advocate of the brute creation4 ,in the prints before us1 an obdurate boy begins his career of cruelty by tormenting animals2 repeated acts of barbarity sear his heart1 he commits a deliberate murder1 and concludes in an ignominious death4 ,these gradations are natural1 ,i had almost said inevitable2 and that parent who discovers the germ of barbarity in the mind of a child1 and does not use every effort to exterminate the noxious weed1 is an accessory to the evils which spring from its baneful growth4 ,to check these malign propensities becomes more necessary from the general tendency of our amusements4 ,most of our rural and even infantine sports are savage and ferocious4 ,they arise from the terror1 misery1 or death of helpless animals4 ,a child in the nursery is taught to impale butterflies and cockchafers4 ,the schoolboy's proud delight is clambering a tree ,to rob the poor bird of its young4 ,grown a gentle angler1 he snares the scaly fry1 and scatters leaden death among the feathered tenants of the air4 ,ripened to man1 he becomes a mighty hunter1 is enamoured of the chase1 and crimsons his spurs in the sides of a generous courser1 whose wind he breaks in the pursuit of an inoffensive deer or timid hare4 ,many of our town diversions have the same tendency4 ,the bird1 whose melodious warblings echo through the grove1 is imprisoned in a sort of a ,bastille1 where1 like an unplumed biped in a similar situation1 it frequently perishes through anguish or want of food4 ,the high-crested chanticleer1 whose courage is innate1 and only vanquished by death1 is furnished with weapons of pointed steel1 when1 set in opposition to one of the same species1 armed in a similar style1 these two champions1 for the diversion of the humane lords of the creation1 lacerate each other until one or both of them are slain4 ,the faithful dog1 whose attachment and gratitude are exemplary1 and worthy the imitation of man1 when in the possession of a farmer1 or country 'squire1 is well fed1 and has no great cause of complaint1 except his ears and tail being lopped to improve nature1 and having a rib now and then broken by a gentle spurn2 but if the poor quadruped falls into the hands of a tanner1 a surgeon1 or an experimental philosopher1 of what avail are his good qualities8#bf ,the ,abyssinian cruelties of our slaughter-houses#bg and kitchens#bh ,i do not wish to enumerate4 ,the catalogue would fill a volume4 ,humanity demands that the brute creation should be protected by the ,legislature4 ,the ,mosaic ,law1 to guard against tortures being inflicted on animals which were slaughtered for sustenance1 ordained them to die by a highly polished and pointed instrument2 if the bone was pierced1 or the beast mangled1 it was deemed unclean1 and burnt4 ,,first ,,stage ,,of ,,cruelty4 ,while various scenes of sportive woe ,the infant race employ2 ,and tortur'd victims bleeding1 show ,the tyrant in the boy4 ,behold a youth of gentler heart6 ,to spare the creature's pain1 ,o take1 he cries--take all my tart1 ,but tears and tart are vain4 ,learn from this fair example1 you ,who savage sports delight1 ,how cruelty disgusts the view1 ,while pity charms the sight4 ,illustration3 ,,first ,,stage ,,of ,,cruelty4 ,let us suppose a disciple of ,pythagoras to contemplate this print1 how would it affect him8 ,he would imagine it to represent a group of young barbarians qualifying themselves for executioners2 would raise his voice to ,heaven1 and thank the ,god of mercy that he is not an inhabitant of such a country2 would lament that these degenerate little beings should not have been informed that the animals on whom they are now inflicting such tortures1 might1 previous to transmigration1 have been their fathers1 brothers1 friends4 ,the delineation of such scenes must shock every feeling heart1 and their enumeration disgust every humane mind4 ,i hope1 for the honour of our nature and our nation1 that they are not so frequently practised as when these prints were published4 ,the hero of this tragic tale is ,tom ,nero3 by a badge upon his arm1 we know him to be one of the boys of ,st4 ,giles' ,charity ,school4 ,the horrible business in which he is engaged was1 ,i hope and believe1 never realized in this or any other country4 ,the thought is taken from ,callot's ,temptation of ,st4 ,anthony4 ,a youth of superior rank1 shocked at such cruelty1 offers his tart to redeem the dog from torture4 ,this ,hogarth intended for the portrait of an illustrious personage1 then about thirteen years of age2 the compliment was rather coarse1 but well intended4 ,a lad chalking on a wall the suspended figure1 inscribed ,,tom ,,nero1 prepares us for the future fate of this young tyrant1 and shows by anticipation the reward of cruelty4 ,throwing at cocks might possibly have its origin in what some of our sagacious politicians call a natural enmity to ,france1 which is thus humanely exercised against the allegorical symbol of that nation4 ,a boy tying a bone to the tail of his dog1 while the kind-hearted animal licks his hand1 must have a most diabolical disposition4#bi ,two little imps are burning out the eyes of a bird with a knitting-needle4 ,a group of embryotic ,domitians1 who have tied two cats to the extremities of a rope and hung it over a lamp-iron1 to see how delightfully they will tear each other1 are marked with grim delight4 ,the link-boy is absolutely a ,lilliputian fiend4 ,the fellow encouraging a dog to worry a cat1 and two animals of the same species thrown out of a garret window with bladders fastened to them1 completes this mortifying prospect of youthful depravity4 ,,second ,,stage ,,of ,,cruelty4 ,the generous steed in hoary age1 ,subdued by labour lies1 ,and mourns a cruel master's rage1 ,while nature strength denies4 ,the tender lamb1 o'er-drove and faint1 ,amidst expiring throes1 ,bleats forth its innocent complaint1 ,and dies beneath the blows4 ,inhuman wretch6 ,say1 whence proceeds ,this coward cruelty8 ,what interest springs from barbarous deeds8 ,what joy from misery8 ,if1 as the ,samian taught1 the soul revives1 ,and shifting seats1 in other bodies lives1 ,severe shall be the brutal coachman's change1 ,doom'd in a hackney horse the town to range2 ,carmen1 transform'd1 the groaning load shall draw1 ,whom other tyrants with the lash shall awe6 ,illustration3 ,,second ,,stage ,,of ,,cruelty4 ,tom ,nero is now a hackney coachman1 and displaying his disposition in his conduct to a horse4 ,worn out by ill-usage1 and exhausted by fatigue1 the poor animal has fallen down1 overset the carriage1 and broken his leg4 ,the scene is laid at ,thavie's ,inn gate3#cj four brethren of the brawling bar1 who have joined to pay threepence each for a ride to ,westminster ,hall1 are in consequence of the accident overturned1 and exhibited at the moment of creeping out of the carriage4 ,these ludicrous periwig-pated personages were probably intended as portraits of advocates eminent in their day2 their names ,i am not able to record4 ,a man taking the number of the coach is marked with traits of benevolence1 which separate him from the savage ferocity of ,nero or the guilty terror of these affrighted lawyers4 ,as a further exemplification of extreme barbarity1 a drover is beating an expiring lamb with a large club4 ,the wheels of a dray pass over an unfortunate boy1 while the drayman1 regardless of consequences1 sleeps on the shafts4#ca ,in the background is a poor overladen ass3 the master1 presuming on the strength of this patient and ill-treated animal1 has mounted upon his back1 and taken a loaded porter behind him4 ,an over-driven bull1 followed by a crowd of heroic spirits1 has tossed a boy4#cb ,two bills pasted on the wall advertise cock-fighting and ,broughton's ,amphitheatre#cc for boxing1 as further specimens of national civilisation4 ,parts of this print may at first sight appear rather overcharged1 but some recent examples convince us that they are not so4 ,in the year #agij1 a fellow was convicted of lacerating and tearing out the tongue of a horse2 but there being no evidence of his bearing any malice towards the proprietor1 or doing it with a view of injuring him1 this diabolical wretch1 not having violated any then existing statute1 was discharged without punishment4 ,,cruelty ,,in ,,perfection4 ,to lawless love1 when once betray'd1 ,soon crime to crime succeeds2 ,at length beguil'd to theft1 the maid ,by her beguiler bleeds4 ,yet learn1 seducing men1 not night1 ,with all its sable cloud1 ,can screen the guilty deed from sight3 ,foul murder cries aloud6 ,the gaping wounds1 the blood-stain'd steel1 ,now shock his trembling soul2 ,but ah6 what pangs his breast must feel ,when death his knell shall toll6 ,illustration3 ,,cruelty ,,in ,,perfection4 ,an early indulged habit of wanton cruelty strengthens by time1 chokes every good disposition1 corrupts the mind1 and sears the heart4 ,we cannot say to the malevolent passions1 ,thus far shall ye go1 and no further4 ,the hero of this print began by torturing a helpless dog2 he then beat out the eye of an unoffending horse2 and now1 under the influence of that malignant rancorous spirit1 which by indulgence is become natural1 he commits murder--most foul and aggravated murder6--for this poor deluded girl is pregnant by the wretch who deprives her of life4 ,he tempts her to quit a happy situation2 to plunder an indulgent mistress1 and meet him with the produce of her robbery4 ,blinded by affection1 she keeps the fatal appointment1 and comes loaded with plate4 ,this remorseless villain1 having previously determined to destroy her1 and by that means cancel his promise of marriage1 free himself from an expected encumbrance1 and silence one whom compunction might at a future day induce to confess the crime and lead to his detection1 puts her to death6 ,this atrocious act must have been perpetrated with most savage barbarity1 for the head is nearly severed1 and the wrist cut almost through4 ,her cries are heard by the servants of a neighbouring house1 who run to her assistance4 ',tis too late4 ,the horrid deed is done6 ,the ethereal spirit is forced from its earthly mansion1 ,unhousell'd1 unappointed1 unaneal'd6 but the murderer1 appalled by conscious guilt1 and rendered motionless by terror1 cannot fly4 ,he is seized without resistance1 and consigned to that punishment which so aggravated a violation of the laws of nature and his country demand4 ,the glimpses of the moon1 the screech-owl and bat hovering in the air1 the mangled corpse1 and above all1 the murderer's ghastly and guilty countenance1 give terrific horror to this awful scene4#cd ,by the pistol in his pocket and watches on the ground1 we have reason to infer that this callous wretch has been committing other depredations in the earlier part of the evening4 ,the time is what has been emphatically called the witching hour6--the iron tongue of midnight has told ,,one6 ,the letter found in his pocket gives a history of the transaction2 it appears to be dictated by the warmest affection1 and written by the woman he has just murdered1 previous to her elopement3-- ,,dear ,,tommy1--,my mistress has been the best of women to me1 and my conscience flies in my face as often as ,i think of wronging her2 yet ,i am resolved to venture body and soul to do as you would have me2 so do not fail to meet me as you said you would1 for ,i shall bring along with me all the things ,i can lay my hands on4 ,so no more at present2 but ,i remain yours till death4 ,,ann ,,gill4 ,this is the simple effusion of a too credulous heart2 whatever would lessen the solemnity of the scene is carefully avoided2 neither bad spelling1 nor any other ridiculous circumstances that might create laughter are introduced4 ,,the ,,reward ,,of ,,cruelty4 ,behold1 the villain's dire disgrace1 ,not death itself can end2 ,he finds no peaceful burial-place1 ,his breathless corpse--no friend4 ,torn from the root that wicked tongue1 ,which daily swore and curst2 ,those eye-balls from their sockets wrung1 ,that glow'd with lawless lust4 ,his heart exposed to prying eyes1 ,to pity has no claim2 ,but dreadful6 from his bones shall rise ,his monument of shame4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,reward ,,of ,,cruelty4 ,the savage and diabolical progress of cruelty is now ended1 and the thread of life severed by the sword of justice4 ,from the place of execution the murderer is brought to ,surgeons' ,hall1 and now represented under the knife of a dissector4 ,this venerable person1 as well as his coadjutor1 who scoops out the criminal's eye1 and a young student scarifying the leg1 seem to have just as much feeling as the subject now under their inspection4#ce ,a frequent contemplation of sanguinary scenes hardens the heart1 deadens sensibility1 and destroys every tender sensation4 ,our legislators1 considering how unfit such men are to determine in cases of life and death1 have judiciously excluded both surgeons and butchers from serving upon juries4 ,hogarth was most peculiarly accurate in those little markings which identify4 ,the gunpowder initials ,t4 ,n4 on the arm1 denote this to be the body of ,thomas ,nero4 ,the face being impressed with horror has been objected to4 ,it must be acknowledged that this is rather o'er-stepping the modesty of nature2 but he so rarely deviates from her laws1 that a little poetical licence may be forgiven where it produces humour or heightens character4 ,the skeletons on each side of the print are inscribed ,james ,field 7an eminent pugilist71 and ,maclean 7a notorious robber74 ,both of these worthies died by a rope4 ,they are pointing to the physician's crest which is carved on the upper part of the president's#cf chair1 viz4 a hand feeling a pulse2 taking a guinea would have been more appropriate to the practice4 ,the heads of these two heroes of the halter are turned so as to seem ridiculing the president1 ,scoffing his state1 and grinning at his pomp4 ,every countenance in this grisly band is marked with that medical importance which dignifies the professors4 ,some of them we discover to be from ,caledonia's bleak and barren clime4 ,a fellow depositing the intestines in a pail1 and a dog licking the murderer's heart1 are disgusting and nauseous objects4 ,the vessel where the skulls and bones bubble-bubble1 gives some idea of the infernal caldron of ,hecate4 ,of this print1 and that preceding it1 there are wooden blocks engraved upon a large scale1 invented and published by ,william ,hogarth1 ,jan4 #a1 #agej2 ,j4 ,bell1 sculpt4 ,they were executed by order of ,mr4 ,hogarth1 who wished to circulate the salutary examples they contain1 by making the price low enough for a poor man's purse2 but finding engraving on wood much more expensive than he had calculated1 he altered his plan1 and engraved them on copper4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,beer ,,street ,,and ,,gin ,,lane4 ,the nature and use of aliments maketh men either chaste or incontinent2 either courageous or cowardly2 either meek or quarrelsome3 let those who deny these truths come to me2 let them follow my counsel in eating and drinking1 and ,i promise them they will find great helps thereupon towards moral philosophy4 ,they will acquire more prudence1 more diligence1 more memory4--,,galen4 ,fully impressed with the truth of this axiom1 ,mr4 ,hogarth engraved the two following prints1 in which he has considered porter as the liquor natural to an ,english constitution2 and that villanous distillation1 gin1 as pernicious and poisonous4 ,while that noble beverage properly termed ,british ,burgundy#cg refreshes the weary1 exhilarates the faint1 and cheers the depressed1 an infernal compound of juniper and fiery spirits debases the mind1 destroys the constitution1 and brings its thirsty votaries to an untimely grave4 ,these1 as well as the four preceding prints1 are calculated for the lower orders of society1 and exhibit such a contrast as must strike the most careless observer4 ,in the first1 we see healthy and happy beings inhaling copious draughts of a liquor which seems perfectly congenial to their mental and corporeal powers2 in the second1 a group of emaciated wretches who1 by swallowing liquid fire1 have consumed both4 ,,beer ,,street4 ,beer1 happy product of our isle1 ,can sinewy strength impart2 ,and wearied with fatigue and toil1 ,can cheer each manly heart4 ,labour and art1 upheld by thee1 ,successfully advance2 ,we quaff the balmy juice with glee1 ,and water leave to ,france4 ,genius of health1 thy grateful taste ,rivals the cup of ,jove2 ,and warms each ,english1 generous breast1 ,with liberty and love4 ,illustration3 ,,beer ,,street4 ,this admirable delineation is a picture of ,john ,bull in his most happy moments4 ,in the left corner1 a butcher and a blacksmith are each of them grasping a foaming tankard of porter4 ,by the ,king's ,speech and the ,daily ,advertiser upon the table before them1 they appear to have been studying politics1 and settling the state of the nation4 ,the blacksmith having just purchased a shoulder of mutton1 is triumphantly waving it in the air4 ,next to him a drayman is whispering soft sentences of love to a servant-maid1 round whose neck is one of his arms2 in the other hand a pot of porter4 ,two fish-women1 furnished with a flagon of the same liquor1 are chaunting a song of ,mr4 ,lockman's#ch on the ,british ,herring ,fishery4 ,a porter having put a load of waste-paper#ci on the ground1 is eagerly quaffing this best of barley wine4 ,on the front of a house in ruins1 is inscribed ,pinch1 pawnbroker1 and through a hole in the door a boy delivers a full half-pint4 ,in the background are two chairmen4#dj ,they have joined for threepenny-worth to recruit their spirits1 and repair the fatigue they have undergone in trotting between two poles with a ponderous load of female frailty4 ,two paviors are washing away their cares with a heart-cheering cup4 ,in a garret window a trio of sailors are employed in the same way2 and on a house-top are four bricklayers equally joyous4 ,each of these groups seem hale1 happy1 and well clothed2 but the artist1 who is painting a glass bottle from an original which hangs before him1 is in a truly deplorable plight1 at the same time that he carries in his countenance a perfect consciousness of his talents in this creative art4#da ,,gin ,,lane4 ,gin1 cursed fiend6 with fury fraught1 ,makes human race a prey2 ,it enters by a deadly draught1 ,and steals our life away4 ,virtue and ,truth1 driv'n to despair1 ,its rage compels to fly2 ,but cherishes with hellish care1 ,theft1 murder1 perjury4 ,damn'd cup6 that on the vitals preys1 ,that liquid fire contains2 ,which madness to the heart conveys1 ,and rolls it thro' the veins4 ,illustration3 ,,gin ,,lane4 ,from contemplating the health1 happiness1 and mirth flowing from a moderate use of a wholesome and natural beverage1 we turn to this nauseous contrast1 which displays human nature in its most degraded and disgusting state4 ,the retailer of gin and ballads1#db who sits upon the steps with a bottle in one hand and a glass in the other1 is horribly fine4 ,having bartered away his waistcoat1 shirt1 and stockings1 and drank until he is in a state of total insensibility2 pale1 wan1 and emaciated1 he is a perfect skeleton4 ,a few steps higher is a debased counterpart of ,lazarus1 taking snuff2 thoroughly intoxicated1 and negligent of the infant at her breast1 it falls over the rail into an area1 and dies an innocent victim to the baneful vice of its depraved parent4 ,another of the fair sex has drank herself to sleep4 ,as an emblem of her disposition being slothful1 a snail is crawling from the wall to her arm4 ,close to her we discover one of the lords of the creation gnawing a bare bone1 which a bull-dog1 equally ravenous1 endeavours to snatch from his mouth4 ,a working carpenter is depositing his coat and saw with a pawnbroker4 ,a tattered female offers her culinary utensils at the same shrine3 among them we discover a tea-kettle pawned to procure money to purchase gin4#dc ,an old woman1 having drank until she is unable to walk1 is put into a wheel-barrow1 and in that situation a lad solaces her with another glass4 ,with the same poisonous and destructive compound1 a mother in the corner drenches her child4 ,near her are two charity-girls of ,st4 ,giles'1 pledging each other in the same corroding compound4 ,the scene is completed by a quarrel between two drunken mendicants1 both of whom appear in the character of cripples4 ,while one of them uses his crutch as a quarterstaff1 the other with great goodwill aims a stool1 on which he usually sat1 at the head of his adversary4 ,this1 with a crowd waiting for their drams at a distiller's door1 completes the catalogue of the quick4 ,of the dead there are two1 besides an unfortunate child whom a drunken madman has impaled upon a spit4#dd ,one a barber1 who1 having probably drank gin until he has lost his reason1 has suspended himself by a rope in his own ruinous garret2 the other a beautiful woman1 whom by direction of the parish beadle two men are depositing in a shell4 ,from her wasted and emaciated appearance1 we may fairly infer she also fell a martyr to this destructive and poisonous liquid4 ,on the side of her coffin is a child lamenting the loss of its parent4 ,the large pewter measure hung over a cellar1 on which is engraved ,gin ,royal1 was once a common sign2 the inscription on this cave of despair1 ,drunk for a penny1 dead drunk for twopence1 clean straw for nothing1 is worthy observation2 it exhibits the state of our metropolis at that period4 ,the scene of this horrible devastation is laid in a place which was a few years since properly enough called the ,ruins of ,st4 ,giles'4#de ,except the pawnbroker's1 distiller's1 and undertaker's1 the houses are literally ruins6 ,these doorkeepers to ,famine1 ,disease1 and ,death1 living by the calamities of others1 are in a flourishing state4#df ,mr4 ,hogarth seems to have received the first idea of these two prints from a pair by ,peter ,breughel 7frequently called ,breughel d'enfer71 which exhibit a similar contrast4 ,in the one entitled ,la ,grosse are a number of comely and well-fed personages2 in the other1 which is baptized ,la ,maigre ,cuisine1 the characters are meagre and wasted3 seated on a straw mat are a mother and child1 which very much resemble the wretched female we see upon the steps in the print under consideration4 ,to the perspective little attention is paid1 but the characters are admirably discriminated4 ,the emaciated retailer of gin is well drawn4 ,the woman with a snuff-box has all the mawkish marks of debasement and drunkenness4 ,the man gnawing a bone1 a dog tearing it from him1 and the pawnbroker1 have countenances in an equal degree hungry and rapacious4 ,a print entitled the ,gin ,drinkers1 which bears strong marks of being one of ,hogarth's early productions1 may perhaps have been the first thought on which this print was built4 ,on the subject of these plates was published a catchpenny compilation from ,reynolds' ,god's ,revenge against ,murder1 entitled ,a ,dissertation on ,mr4 ,hogarth's six prints--',gin ,lane1' ',beer ,street1' and the ',four ,stages of ,cruelty4' ,,paul ,,before ,,felix4 ,designed and etched in the ridiculous manner of ,rembrandt1 by ,william ,hogarth4 ,published according to the ,act of ,parliament1 ,may #a1 #agea4 ,each hero is a pillar of darkness1 and the sword a beam of fire4#dg--;,,fingal1 ,book ,i4 p4 #ba4 ,illustration3 ,,paul ,,before ,,felix4 ,for the etchings of ,rembrandt1 and a herd of servile imitators who1 without any of his genius1 copied his defects1 ,hogarth had the most sovereign contempt4 ,he considered their productions as unmeaning scratches1 as dingy and violent combinations of light and darkness1 which would not bear to be tried by the criterion of either nature or art4 ,how far he was right in his opinion is not my inquiry2 but certain it is1 that at the time of this publication they had the sanction of those who were deemed good judges1 and produced most enormous prices4 ,to correct this vitiated taste1 and bring men back to reason and common sense1 our whimsical artist etched this very grotesque print4 ,the ,apostle1 conformable to the general practice of the ,flemish school1 is represented as a mean and vulgar character4 ,among the ,lilliputians he might have been a giant2 among the ,romans he must have been a dwarf4 ,in the true spirit of ,dutch allegory1 a figure fat enough for a burgomaster1 invested with wings that clad each shoulder broad1 is seated on the floor behind him as a guardian angel4 ,at this unpropitious moment the guardian angel is asleep1 and a little imp of darkness1#dh ever active in mischief1 is busily employed with a hand-saw cutting through the leg of the ,apostle's stool1 which falling1 must inevitably bring the orator to the ground1 where he will probably be seized by the snarling dog on whose collar is engraved ,felix1 and who seems to have an eye to the saint1 though his nose is evidently pointed at his appalled master4 ,seated in a wicker chair1 with the ,roman eagle over his head1 and the fasces at his left hand1 ,felix indeed trembles4 ,on an adjoining seat is the all-accomplished ,drusilla and her lap-dog4 ,her olfactory nerves1 as well as those of her companion1 are violently affected4 ,with a sacrificing knife in his right hand1 his left clenched1 and a countenance irritated almost to madness1 the ,high ,priest appears ready to leap from the bench and put the ,apostle to death1 but is prevented by a more prudent senator4 ,the audience are worthy of the judges2 male and female1 young and old1 are in dress1 deportment1 and feature1 perfectly ,dutch4 ,of the same school is the statue of ,justice1 with a bandage over one eye1 and grasping1 in the place of a flaming sword1 a butcher's knife4#di ,she stands in awful state1 laden with bags of gold1 the rewards of legal decisions4 ,at a table beneath the bench are five curious characters4 ,the first1 maugre the thundering eloquence of ,st4 ,paul1 is asleep2 the next1 mending a pen2 two adjoining are highly offended with a noxious effluvia1 while their bearded associate is grinning and pointing at the cause from which it emanates4 ,regardless of all other objects1 an ,hebrew counterpart of ,shylock is expanding his hands in astonishment at the unguarded vehemence of the preacher4 ,not less exasperated is ,tertullus1 who1 arrayed in the habit of an ,english serjeant-at-law1#ej has nothing ,roman but his nose4 ,boiling with rage1 and irritated almost to madness1 he tears his brief3 this1 a devil1 who to give him peculiar distinction has three horns1 is carefully picking up and joining the remnants together4#ea ,the vase1 and silver plates in a recess1 the violent stream of light which dazzles the eyes of a priest who stands with his back to it1 the boat1 bark1 and white sail glittering in the wave1 and a village and windmill in the distance1 are all of ,rembrandt's school4 ,the plate was originally intended as a receipt-ticket to the large ,paul before ,felix1 and ,pharaoh's ,daughter2 and the artist stained many early impressions with that yellow tint which time gives to old prints4 ,for the ,paul1 and ,moses1 he afterwards engraved another design1 and presented this to any of his friends who requested it2 but finding applications increase1 he fixed the price at five shillings4#eb ,,plate ,i4 ,engraved by ,william ,hogarth1 from his original painting in ,lincoln's-,inn ,hall1 and published as the ,act directs1 ,feb4 #e1 #ageb4 ,and as he reasoned of righteousness1 temperance1 and judgment to come1 ,felix trembled4 ,illustration3 ,,paul ,,preaching ,,before ,,felix4 ,this print ,mr4 ,hogarth intended as a serious and sublime representation of the scene which he had so inimitably burlesqued2 yet so little are we qualified to judge of our own powers1 that he has here produced a print as destitute of elevation and sentiment as are the works of those masters he so successfully ridiculed4 ,with the ,roman eagle he could not soar1 and has drawn the royal bird like a sparrow-hawk1 nailed to the bottom of a writing-desk4 ,the ,apostle1 with his right foot resting on a lower step than the left1 has neither grace1 dignity1 nor firmness4 ,felix has the appearance of a vinegar-faced apothecary feeling the pulse of a nervous female patient1 and shocked at the velocity of our circulation1 dropping the prescription from his left hand4 ,the haughty ,high ,priest biting his nails1 is deficient in everything except his drapery3 the ,jew immediately behind him bears a strong resemblance to an old-clothes-man4 ,the standard-bearer1 and woman with her hands closed1 are a degree better2 but the ,herculean advocate1 with a brief in his right hand1 looks like a journeyman hatter that has drank porter till he is drowsy2 by the strength of his muscles and the stupidity of his countenance1 he seems better fitted for a bruiser than a pleader4 ,the listening soldier1 at the opposite corner1 is meanly conceived and ill drawn4 ,at the bottom of one of the copies ,i once saw the following memorandum in the handwriting of ,hogarth3 ,a print of the plate that was set aside as insufficient4 ,engraved by ,w4 ,h4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,from the original painting in ,lincoln's-,inn ,hall1 painted by ,wm4 ,hogarth4 ,illustration3 ,,paul ,,preaching ,,before ,,felix4 ,this is engraved from the same design as the former1 but the situation of the figures is reversed1 and ,drusilla omitted1 it being thought that ,st4 ,paul's hand was rather improperly placed4 ,it is somewhat superior to the former1 but the light is ill distributed1 and the characters too individual for the dignity of historical composition4 ,upon this and the following print ,doctor ,joseph ,warton1 in his ,essay on the ,genius and ,writings of ,pope1 made the following remark4 ,trusting to his memory1 he confounded two prints together1 and remembering to have seen a dog snarling at a cat in the fourth print of ,industry and ,idleness1 from an error in recollection1 transferred them to the ,paul before ,felix3-- ,some nicer virtuosi have remarked1 that in the serious pieces into which ,hogarth has deviated from the natural bias of his genius there are some strokes of the ridiculous discernible1 which suit not with the dignity of his subject4 ,in his ,preaching of ,st4 ,paul1 a dog snarling at a cat2 and in his ,pharaoh's ,daughter1 the figure of the infant ,moses1 who expresses rather archness than timidity1 are alleged as instances that this artist1 unrivalled in his walk1 could not resist the impulse of his imagination towards drollery4 ,his picture1 however1 of ,richard ,,iii4 is pure and unmixed1 without any ridiculous circumstances1 and strongly impresses terror and amazement4 ,on the publication of this criticism1 ,hogarth engraved the whole quotation under the two prints alluded to without any comment2 but on the appearance of the following very ample and candid apology1 erased them3-- ,the author gladly lays hold of the opportunity of this third edition of his work to confess a mistake he had committed with respect to two admirable paintings of ,mr4 ,hogarth1--his ,paul ,preaching1 and his ,infant ,moses1--which on a closer examination are not chargeable with the blemishes imputed to them4 ,justice obliges him to declare the high opinion he entertains of the abilities of this inimitable artist1 who shines in so many different lights and on such very dissimilar subjects1 and whose works have more of what the ancients called the in them than the compositions of any other modern4 ,for the rest1 the author begs leave to add1 that he is so far from being ashamed of retracting his error1 that he had rather appear a man of candour than the best critic that ever lived4 ,hogarth did not understand ,greek1 and was for some time doubtful whether the was meant as complimentary or satirical4 ,if the original painting in ,lincoln's-,inn ,hall were destroyed1 ,hogarth's reputation would not be diminished4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,moses ,,before ,,pharaoh',s ,,daughter4 ,and the child grew1 and she brought him unto ,pharaoh's daughter1 and he became her son4 ,and she called his name ,moses4--,,exodus ,,ii4 #aj4 ,illustration3 ,,moses ,,before ,,pharaoh',s ,,daughter4 ,among the many benevolent institutions which do honour to this nation1 the hospital for maintaining exposed and deserted infants may be ranked as one of the most humane and political4 ,let the austere enthusiast censure it as an encouragement to vice1 and the rigid moralist declaim against giving sanction to profligacy1 it is still an useful and a benevolent foundation4 ,to protect the helpless1 give refuge to the innocent1 and render that unoffending being a useful member of society whose parents may be too indigent to give it proper sustenance1 or wicked enough to destroy it1 is fulfilling one great precept of religion1 and must afford a pure and exalted gratification to every philanthropic mind4#ec ,that it is found necessary to restrict the plan1 and confine the charity in such narrow limits1 is much to be lamented4 ,compassion and policy demand that the doors should be open to every proper object4 ,to this asylum for deserted infancy ,mr4 ,hogarth was one of the earliest benefactors1#ed and to their institution presented the picture from which this print is engraved2 there is not perhaps in holy writ another story so exactly suitable to the avowed purpose of the foundation4 ,the history of ,moses being deserted by his mother1 exposed among the bulrushes1 and discovered and protected by the daughter of ,pharaoh1 is known to every one who has read the ,bible3 those who have not1 may find it there recorded1 with many other things well worthy their attention4 ,at the point of time here taken1 the child's mother1 whom the ,princess considers as merely its nurse1 has brought him to his patroness1 and is receiving from the treasurer the wages of her services4 ,the little foundling naturally clings to his nurse1 though invited to leave her by the daughter of a monarch4 ,the eyes of an attendant1 and a whispering ,ethiopian1 convey an oblique suspicion that the child has a nearer affinity to their mistress than she chooses to acknowledge4#ee ,considered as a whole1 this picture has a more historic air than we often find in the works of ,hogarth4 ,the royal ,egyptian is graceful1 and in some degree elevated4#ef ,the treasurer is marked with austere dignity1 and the ,jewess and child with nature4 ,the scene is superb1 and the distant prospect of pyramids1 etc4 highly picturesque and appropriate to the country4 ,to exhibit this scene1 the artist has placed the groups at such a distance as crowd the corners and leave the centre unoccupied4 ,as the ,greeks are said to have received the rudiments of art from ,egypt1 the line of beauty on the base of a pillar is properly introduced4 ,a crocodile creeping from under the stately chair may be intended to mark the neighbourhood of the ,nile1 but is a poor and forced conceit4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,four ,,prints ,,of ,,an ,,election4 ,i think it is ,voltaire who observes that the ,english nation are mad every seven years3 he might have added that there are local fits which seize some parts of the country at other times2 but this madness1 like the fermentation of liquors1 proves the spirit of the people4 ,in the following series of prints ,mr4 ,hogarth has delineated the progress of this malady1 in four of its most remarkable stages1 with that broad and characteristic humour peculiar to himself4 ,he has presented us with the mirror of a contested election1 the ,british ,saturnalia2 in which is displayed what ,abb ,raynal most emphatically calls the majesty of the people6--an expression1 says the same writer1 which would alone consecrate a language4 ,the first print was published ,february #bd1 #agee1 and inscribed to the ,right ,hon4 ,henry ,fox4--,plate ,,ii41 ,february #bj1 #ageg1 to ,sir ,charles ,hanbury ,williams1 ,ambassador to the ,court of ,russia4--,plate ,,iii41 ,february #bj1 #ageh1 to the ,hon4 ,sir ,edward ,walpole1 ,knight of the ,bath4--,plate ,,iv41 ,january #a1 #agei1 to the ,hon4 ,george ,hay1 one of the ,lords ,commissioners of the ,admiralty4 ,the original pictures are now in the possession of ,mrs4 ,garrick1 at ,hampton4 ,it appears from the ,grub ,street ,journal of ,june #ac1 #agcd1 that the same subject had been previously attempted by another artist1 under the title of ,the ,humours of a ,country ,election4 ,it must be acknowledged that the inscriptions to some of the compartments have a striking similarity to the scenes represented by ,hogarth4 ,the candidates very complaisant to a country clown1 etc4 ,the candidates making an entertainment for the electors and their wives2 at the upper end of the table the parson of the parish1 etc4 ,in #agei was published1 in four cantos1 a poetical description of these prints1 introduced by the following remarkable advertisement1 dated ,,cheapside1 ,march #a1 #agei4 ,for the satisfaction of the reader1 and in justice to the concealed author1 ,i take the liberty1 with the permission of ,mr4 ,hogarth1 to insert in this manner that gentleman's opinion of the following cantos1 which is--,that the thoughts entirely coincide with his own2 that there is a well-adapted vein of humour preserved through the whole2 and that though some of his works have been formerly explained by other hands1 yet none ever gave him so much satisfaction as the present performance4 ,,john ,,smith4 ,had ,mr4 ,hogarth's taste for poetry been in any degree equal to his skill in painting1 he would scarcely have given so strong a sanction to this wretched attempt at ,hudibrastic humour1 which is coarse1 dull1 mean1 and very unworthy of the scenes which it professes to celebrate4#eg ,,plate ,i4 ,,an ,,election ,,entertainment4 ,here tumult wild and rude confusion reign1 ,and hoodwink'd party heads the senseless train2 ,here meets her motley tribe--here holds her court1 ,for pamper'd ,gluttony1 the grand resort4 ,from orgies so profane--stern ,freedom flown1 ,corruption mounts her abdicated throne4 ,unhappy ,britain--thy degenerate tribe1 ,like ,esau1 barter birthright for a bribe4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,election1 ,,plate ,i4 ,,the ,,entertainment4 ,the first act of this popular farce is very properly a dinner1 which in all public transactions ought to precede every other business4#eh ,the scene is laid in a country town1 at an inn1 which in these piping times of peace is kept open for the friends of the ,court candidate4 ,all the party1 except the divine and the mayor1 have ended their repast2 but episcopal dignity1 or prtorian distinction1 gives a right to more indulgence than is allowed to the unhallowed multitude4 ,the highly polished and accomplished gentleman#ei who aspires to the honour of a seat in the ,british senate demands our first notice4 ,he has what an ,hibernian would call a face of much promise4 ,his dress1 air1 and grace proclaim that he has travelled4 ,pope has described him exactly as if he had sat for the picture3 ,he saunter'd ,europe round1 ,and gathered every vice on ,christian ground1 ,saw every court1 heard every king declare ,his royal sense of operas1 or the fair4-- ,see now half-cured1 and perfectly well-bred1 ,with nothing but a solo in his head1 ,as much estate1 and principle1 and wit1 ,as ,jansen1 ,fleetwood1 ,cibber1 shall think fit2 ,stol'n from a duel1 follow'd by a nun1 ,and if a ,borough choose him1--not undone1 etc4 ,at this time of general equality and universal levelling1 when knight and vassal1 esquire and mechanic1 are of equal rank1 our paragon of politeness is lending an attentive ear to a disgusting old beldam1 who from her rotundity may be a descendant of ,sir ,john ,falstaff's4 ,in her hand1 which is behind him1 she holds a letter directed to ,sir ,commodity ,taxem2 this we may naturally suppose contains either a request of a favour or an offer of a service1 in the sure and certain hope of a return to it4 ,be that as it may1 the gallant knight shows her every attention1 and has stretched his long arm half round her ample waist3 ,thus the bold eagle leaves his azure way1 ,and takes the carrion carcase for his prey2 ,there dips his beak--but when the banquet's done1 ,replumes his wings1 and rises to the sun4 ,while a little girl dazzled with the splendour of his brilliant ring attempts to make it a prize1 a fellow who stands upon a chair behind him1 with all that easy familiarity which the time warrants1 strikes the ,baronet's head against that of the old woman1 and shakes the ashes out of his tobacco-pipe upon his powdered hair4 ,this is election wit4 ,the next group form a trio1 and are made up by a grinning cobbler1 a dirty-faced barber1 and a mawkish gentleman1 whose hand the son of ,st4 ,crispin grasps with an energy that almost cracks the bones4 ,the barber1 equally friendly1 pinches his arm1 and resting one hand upon his shoulder blows the hot fumes from a short tobacco-pipe into his eye4 ,this also is election wit4 ,a pyramidical group behind is composed of an officer1 a drunken counsellor1 and a pleasing young woman1 over whose head the maudlin advocate1 flourishing a bumper of wine1 roars out an obscene toast4 ,this is the third and most finished specimen of election wit4 ,at a table a little beneath1 stewing the last lov'd remnant of the forest haunch1 sits an oily divine1#fj holding his canonical periwig in his right hand1 and wiping his forehead with the left4 ,behind him is a ,scotch bagpiper1 who1 at the same time that he is pressing out his harsh and unmusical tones1 enjoys the royal luxury of scratching4#fa ,a female player on the violin1#fb and a most consequential performer on the bass viol1 when aided by the ,caledonian pipe1 must form a most melodious concert4 ,a fourth votary of ,st4 ,cecilia holds his musical instrument under his arm1 ceasing all dulcet sounds1 while he drinks a glass of ,burgundy with a gentleman who seems much gratified at seeing a chin of more extravagant length than his own4 ,adjoining are two country fellows delighted beyond measure at a person#fc making the representation of a face by wrapping a napkin round his hand1 and singing1 ,an old woman clothed in grey1 etc4 ,this face1 ingeniously designed with charcoal blots for eyes and mouth1 bears a strong resemblance to the poor gouty old fellow on his left hand1 whose violent contortions lead us to suspect that he feels some disagreeable internal emotion4 ,behind1 is a fellow pouring the contents of a vessel through a window amongst a crowd made up of the opposite party1 in return for a shower of stones they are hurling into the room4 ,to annoy and repel these troublesome assailants1 a man at the opposite corner throws out a three-legged stool4 ,at the upper end of the table sits a gentleman in a tye-wig1 whom we presume to be the ,right ,worshipful ,mr4 ,mayor4 ,he has ate oysters until his breath is stopped1 and is now under the hands of a barber-surgeon4 ,this village ,sangrado attempts to breathe a vein2 ,but ah6 the purple tide no more will flow4 ,notwithstanding this suspension of vital powers1 our absolute monarch of his own corporation1 true to the cause1 and actuated by his ruling passion1 even in death1 grasps a fork1 on which he has impaled an oyster4 ,immediately behind him an electioneering agent offers a bribe to a puritanic tailor2 but this conscientious wielder of the needle1 lifting up his eyes with horror1 refuses the money1 maugre the terrific threats of his amiable wife1 who1 while she raises her right fist in a menacing style1 rests her left hand on the head of their barefooted boy4 ,on an opposite chair is an unfortunate man of the law1 who1 intent on casting up the sure and doubtful votes1 is1 like the mighty ,goliah1 struck in the forehead with a stone1 and falls prostrate to the floor4 ,where be his quirks and quiddits now8 ,a champion of the same party1 generally called a bludgeon-man1#fd having met with a similar accident in the cause of his country1 is taken in hand by a patriotic butcher1 who1 assuming the office of surgeon1 pours gin into the wound4 ,a little boy filling a mashing-tub with punch1#fe and a trading ,quaker reading a promissory note1 conclude the catalogue4 ,this note is from the candidate to ,mr4 ,abel ,squat for fifty pounds1 payable six months after date1 and probably offered in payment for ribands1 gloves1 etc41 which are to be presented to the electors' wives and daughters4 ,with this note honest ,abel is much dissatisfied2 and by the manner one hand is laid upon his little bale of goods1 it does not seem probable that he will part with them for paper security4 ,coming in at the door we see a band of assailants from the opposite party1 determined to attack the enemy in their entrenchments2 most of them flourish their cudgels1 but one of the heroes brandishes a sword4 ,the stag's horns over the door may perhaps be intended to convey some allusion to the trembling ,puritan4 ,a party1 whom their enemies at that time distinguished by the name of ,jacobites1 to show their respect for ,revolution principles1 have mangled the portrait of ,king ,william the ,third4 ,the escutcheon with the ,elector's arms1 ,a ,,chevron ,,sable ,,between ,,three ,,guineas ,,or1 with the crest of a gaping mouth1 and motto ,speak and ,have1 is very applicable to a parliamentary canvas4 ,the landscape over the candidate's head may1 it has been observed1 be intended as a representation of the town where this business is transacting4 ,on the flag1 which is entwined with laurels1 is inscribed ,liberty and ,loyalty1 which cabalistic words1 like the ,abracadabra1 are a sort of charm to the eyes of your ,englishman4 ,on another flag1 which lies upon the ground1 is written1 ,give us our ,eleven ,days4#ff ,in the tobacco tray is a paper of ,kirton's best1#fg and a slip from the ,act against ,bribery and ,corruption is torn to light pipes with4 ,a lobster appears to be creeping towards a mutton chop1 which lies unheeded in a corner4 ,a procession in the street are following an effigy1#fh on the breast of which is inscribed1 ,no ,jews4 ,the mottoes on their flags are equally curious3 ,liberty and ,property1 and no ,excise2 and1 ,marry and ,multiply1 in spite of the devil4 ,an inscription on the butcher's cockade is infinitely more classical and elegant3 ,pro ,patri has a chance of general admiration1 because it is not generally understood4 ,as to the characters of the dramatis person4 ,the face and air of the ,baronet are perfectly of ,lord ,chesterfield's school2 a fellow scattering ashes on his head1 and the cobbler at the table1 are marked with mischief4 ,the fat old woman is of ,mother ,cole's family2 and the divine has the corpulence and consequence of a bishop4 ,he must lard the lean earth as he walks along4 ,the two country fellows looking with delighted eyes at ,mr4 ,parnell1 and an old man tortured by the gout1 are admirably discriminated4 ,the barber-surgeon and his brother butcher have so much sang froid1 and display so little feeling for their suffering patients1 that we naturally infer each of them is in great practice4 ,hogarth was fond of making experiments2 and it has been said1 that when engraving this plate he determined to attempt what no artist had ever performed1 i4e4 to finish the plate without taking a single proof during the process4 ,the consequence was such as might be expected2 he made some mistakes that it was scarcely possible to rectify1 and on discovering the errors1 violently exclaimed that he was ruined4 ,on his passion subsiding1 a brother engraver assisted him to correct the faults occasioned by trying to perform an impossibility4 ,it is1 however1 the highest finished print he ever engraved4 ,in the first state of the plate were some lemons and oranges lying on a paper by the side of the tub2 but ,hogarth being informed that vitriol and cream of tartar are the usual acids in election punch1 erased them from the copper4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,canvassing ,,for ,,votes4 ,although bare merit might in ,rome appear ,the strongest plea for favour1--'tis not here2 ,we form our judgment in another way1 ,and he will best succeed who best can pay4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,election1 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,canvassing ,,for ,,votes4 ,the centre group in this print represents a rustic freeholder between two innkeepers1 each of whom1 as agents for their respective parties1 are dropping money into his hands4 ,from the arch and significant cast of his eye1 we see that though interest induces him to take all that either of them will give1 conscience obliges him to vote for the best paymaster4#fi ,one of the candidates1 considering how necessary it is to conciliate the favour of the fair1 is purchasing trinkets from a ,jew pedlar for two ladies1 who express their virtuous wishes in a balcony4 ,though neither of them have votes1 their interest may be very extensive4 ,by the direction upon a letter which a porter1 in the hope of a more liberal gratuity1 delivers with a bended knee1 we perceive that this gentleman is of the numerous and ancient family of the party tools1 who have flourished in this island ever since the ,revolution4 ,a packet on the ground consists of printed bills to be dispersed among the electors1 intimating that ,punch's theatre is opened1#gj the company of the worthy electors humbly#ga and earnestly requested1 etc4 etc4 ,in election business1 eating is a leading article2 of this1 two hungry countrymen in the ,royal ,oak larder seem perfectly sensible4 ,one of them is voraciously devouring a fowl1 and the other slashing away a round of beef4 ,seated upon an old stern of a ship1 which is placed as a kind of national trophy at the inn door1 and represents the ,british lion swallowing the lily of ,france1 is the buxom landlady 7at this time a very important personage71 counting the money she has received for her interest in the borough2 a grenadier watches her with that kind of eagerness which seems to intimate a desire of dividing the spoil4 ,settling the nation while they drink their ale1 a barber and a cobbler are engaged in a dispute upon politics at the door of the ,portobello#gb alehouse4 ,the former seems describing1 with pieces of broken tobacco-pipes1 the great exploits of ,admiral ,vernon with six ships only4 ,in the progress of this voluble harangue he has advanced something contrary to the cobbler's creed1 and ,crispin1 being no great orator1 offers to back his opinion by a wager4 ,this the eloquent flourisher of a razor is either unwilling or unable to answer1 and the self-important mender of bad soles triumphantly sweeps his cash from the table to his pocket4 ,a fellow mounted on a cross-beam at the end of the ,crown signpost deserves particular notice4 ,eagerly exercising his hand-saw1 he strains every nerve to cut through the beam1 totally negligent of his own situation1 and forgetting that when the ,crown drops--he must fall4 ,to accelerate this operation1 and bring the business to a more speedy crisis1 two zealous coadjutors are exerting all their strength in pulling at a rope which is tied round the beam4 ,this is one of the neatest pieces of allegory that ,hogarth has delineated4 ,the crowd beneath are a fair representation of what we had occasion to notice before--the majesty of the people4 ,delighting in devastation1 and blind to its consequences1 they with one voice cry havoc1 and let slip the dogs of war4 ,the landlord1 enraged at this wanton attack upon his castle1 opens his window and discharges a blunderbuss amongst the assailants4 ,painted on the upper part of a show-cloth1 and hung before the sign of the ,royal ,oak1#gc is a view of the ,treasury1 out of which a stream of gold is poured into a bag1 which1 when filled1 will be hoisted into a large waggon now loading with guineas to defray the expense of the approaching elections4 ,next to this is a view of that solid specimen of ,mr4 ,ware's taste and talents in architecture1 the ,horse ,guards4 ,to the cupola of this ponderous pile the artist has1 with very little exaggeration1 given the form of a beer barrel4 ,in the centre arch the builder forgot proportion and neglected utility1 so that the state coach could not pass through until the ground was lowered4 ,to satirize this violation of the laws of ,palladio1 and inattention to the dictates of common sense1 ,hogarth has represented the royal carriage on the point of entering the arch1 and the king's body-coachman without a head4#gd ,beneath is delineated that ancient favourite of a puppet-show1 the facetious ,mr4 ,punch1 with a barrow full of guineas1 which1 with a wooden ladle1 he tosses up and scatters in the air1 to the great delight of two sylvan freeholders who attempt to catch them in their hats4 ,one of these simple swains1#ge having had his head broken with the gold1 endeavours to guard his caput from future mishaps4 ,an old woman standing behind them with a magic wand1 ,i suppose to be ,mrs4 ,punch4 ,underneath is a very applicable inscription1 ,punch1 a candidate for ,guzzledown4 ,a view in the background1 between the ,crown and ,portobello1 of a cottage embosomed in a wood1 and a village in the distance1 is highly picturesque4 ,the tree1 which spreads its foliage before the walls of the ,royal ,oak1 has one withered bough2 and enveloped by the luxuriant branches of a vine1 hangs a wooden bunch of grapes4 ,the characters are admirable4 ,nothing can be superior to the haughty and oracular self-importance of the cobbler2 the barber has all his professional volubility2 and the leer of the countryman lets you into his whole soul4 ,it is evidently directed to mine host of the ,oak1#gf who1 added to his superior weight of metal1 has a superior weight of body1 and a much more persuasive aspect4 ,the ,jew has the true countenance of his tribe4 ,of his customer1 we may say in the language of ,shylock1 ,how like a fawning publican he looks6 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,the ,,polling4 ,time was1--our freeholders1 a stout rustic band1 ,inhal'd the fresh breeze as they till'd their own land2 ,their hearts beam'd with honour1 their faces with health1 ,their toil gave them strength1 and their diligence wealth4 ,but these sons of misery1 disfranchis'd by fate1 ,resemble a group at an hospital gate1 ,all huddled together in one little clan1 ,to display the calamities common to man4 ,yet deaf1 blind1 or lame1 we must trust to their choice2 ,sans ears1 eyes1 or hands1--each may have a good voice4 ,and--gasping for breath1--it deserves special note1 ,the expiring ,elector is deem'd a dead vote4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,election1 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,the ,,polling4 ,with the glorious ambition of serving their country1 added to an eagerness of displaying their own importance1 the maimed1 the lame1 the blind1 the deaf1 and the sick1 hasten to the hustings to give their independent votes4#gg ,the contending candidates1 seated at the back of the booth1 anticipate the event4 ,one of them1 coolly resting upon his cane in a state of stupid satisfaction1 appears to be as happy as his nature will admit1 in the certainty of success4 ,very different are the feelings of his opponent1 who1 rubbing his head with every mark of apprehensive agitation1 contemplates the state of the poll1 and shudders at the heavy expense of a contest in which he is likely to be the loser4 ,such are the cares of a candidate4 ,a man1 when once he's safely chose1 ,may laugh at all his furious foes1 ,nor think of former evil3 ,yet good has its attendant ill1 ,a seat is no bad thing1--but still1 ,a contest is the ,devil4 ,the first person that tenders his oath to the swearing clerk is an old soldier1 and probably a brave one1 for he has lost a leg1 an arm1 and a hand1 in the service of his country4 ,they were severed by the sword of an enemy1 but the trunk and heart remain entire1 and are entitled to more respect than is paid them by the brawling advocate1 who1 with that loud and overbearing loquacity for which ,billingsgate and the bar are so deservedly eminent1 puts in a protest against his vote4 ,the objection is not founded upon this heroic remnant of war having forfeited his franchise by any improper conduct1 but upon the letter1 the black letter of the law1 which1 says our quibbling counsellor1 ordains1 'that the person who makes an affidavit shall lay his right hand upon the book4' ,now1 this man having had his right hand severed from his arm1 and1 as he informs us1 left it in ,flanders1 cannot comply with the letter of the law1 and therefore is not competent to make an affidavit2 that being once admitted1 which ,i do contend must be admitted1 he cannot be deemed competent to vote4 ,that1 replies another gentleman of the black robe1 ,i most pointedly deny2 for though this valiant veteran1 who is an half-pay officer1 has lost much of his blood and three of his limbs in the service of his king1 and defence of his fellow-subjects1 yet the sword which deprived him of his hand has not deprived him of his birthright4 ,god forbid it should6 ,it might as well be argued and asserted1 that this gentleman is excluded from the rites of matrimony because he cannot pledge his hand4 ,thanks to our religion and our constitution1 neither law nor gospel holds such language1 and it is beneath me to waste any more words in the confutation of it4 ,i will only add1--and ,i do insist upon my opinion being confirmed by every statute upon the case1--that the law must and will consider this substitute for a hand to be as good as the hand itself2 and his laying that upon the book is all which the law ought to require1--all the law can require1--all the law does require4 ,leaving these two bright luminaries of their profession to throw dust1 and render that obscure which without their explanation would have been perfectly clear1 let us attend to the son of ,solomon1 who is fastened in his chair and brought to give his voice for a fit person to represent him in ,parliament4 ,this is evidently a deaf idiot1 but he is attended by a man in fetters1#gh very capable of prompting him1 who is at this moment roaring in his ear the name of the gentleman for whom he is to vote4 ,behind him are two fellows carrying a man wrapped in a blanket1 apparently in so languid a state1 that he cannot be supposed to feel much interest in the concerns of a world he is on the point of leaving4#gi ,the catalogue of this motley group of electors is concluded by a blind man and a cripple1 who are slowly and cautiously ascending the steps that lead to the hustings4 ,in the group an artist is drawing a profile of one of the candidates1 and in both air and character this ,sayers of his day has given a very striking resemblance of his original4 ,the constable1 fatigued by double duty1 is at peace with all mankind--a deep sleep is upon him4 ,many of the crowd are attentively listening to the soft sounds of a female siren1 warbling forth a brown paper libel on one of the candidates in that universal language which those that cannot read may yet understand1--the hero of this satire being delineated as suspended to a gibbet on the top of the ballad4 ,in the sinister corner is a view of ,britannia's chariot oversetting1 while the coachman and footman are playing at cards on the box4 ,here is one of the few instances where ,hogarth has mounted into the cloudy heights of allegory2 and here1 as ,mr4 ,walpole justly observes1 he is not happy3 it is a dark and dangerous region1 in which almost every aeronaut of the arts has lost himself1 and confused his earth-born admirers4 ,on a bridge in the background is a carriage1 with colours flying1 and a cavalcade composed of worthy and independent freeholders advancing to give their suffrages with all possible clat4 ,the village in the distance has a pretty effect4 ,of the church we may fairly say1 as ,charles the ,second did of that at ,harrow on the ,hill1 ,it is the visible church4 ,part of this plate was engraved by ,morrilon le ,cave1 who was a scholar of ,picart's4 ,in the year #agcc1 he engraved from ,hogarth's design a small print of ,captain ,coram1 etc41 as the headpiece to a power of attorney for the ,governors of the ,foundling ,hospital3 he also engraved a head of ,doctor ,pococke1 which is the frontispiece to ,twell's edition of the ,doctor's works4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,chairing ,,the ,,member4 ,when ,philip's warlike and victorious son ,a kingdom conquer'd or a battle won1 ,his legions bow'd the head1 and bent the knee1 ,and cried1 exulting1--,lo1 a ,deity6 ,bore him triumphant in a glittering car1 ,while thundering plaudits rent the echoing air4 ,so1--the ,election being finish'd1 ,his borough gain'd1 his coin diminish'd1 ,our ,knight in mock heroic state ,is now exalted1--but not great4 ,beyond all doubt the people's choice1 ,ah6--could he check the people's voice8 ,for some exclaim1--,a venal knave6 ,and others1--,a time-serving slave6 ,while this roars out1--,a party tool6 ,that1 sneering cries1--,a party fool6 ,these are hard words1 and grating tones2 ,but what are words to broken bones8 ,and broken bones he'll soon bewail1 ,for there's no fence against a flail4 ,oh hapless wight6--ah1 luckless fray1 ,down drops this pageant of the day4 ,thus1 he most raised above his fellows1 ,by one rude blast from ,fortune's bellows1 ,falls1 like a tempest-riven tower1 ,from pomp1 pride1 circumstance1 and power4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,election1 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,chairing ,,the ,,members4 ,the polling being concluded1 the books cast up1 and the returning-officer having declared our candidate#hj duly elected1 he is now exhibited in triumph4 ,seated in an arm-chair1 and exalted upon the shoulders of four tried supporters of the constitution1 he is borne through the principal streets1 which are promiscuously crowded with enemies as well as friends4 ,in this aerostatic voyage there seems to be some danger of a wreck2 for a thresher having received an insult from a sailor1 in the act of revenging it flourishes his flail in as extensive an orbit as if he were in his own barn4 ,the end of this destructive instrument coming in contact with the skull of a bearer of our new-made member1 the fellow's head rings with the blow1 his eyes swim1 his limbs refuse their office1 and at this inauspicious moment the effects of the stroke1 like an electric shock1 extend to the exalted senator4 ,he trembles in every joint2 the hat flies from his head--and--without the intervention of ,juno or ,minerva1 he must fall from the seat of honour to the bed of stone4 ,terrified at his impending danger1 a nervous lady1 who with her attendants is in the churchyard1 falls back in a swoon4 ,regardless of her distress1 two little chimney-sweepers upon the gate-post are placing a pair of gingerbread spectacles on a death's head4 ,their sportive tricks are likely to be interrupted by a monkey beneath1 who1 arrayed en militaire1 is mounted upon a bear's back4 ,the firelock slung over this little animal's shoulder1 in a fray between the bear and a biped1 is accidentally discharged in a direction that1 if loaded1 must carry leaden death to one of the gibing soot merchants above4#ha ,the venerable musician1 delighted with his own harmony1 neither takes a part nor feels an interest in the business of the day4 ,let not his neutrality be attributed to a wrong cause2 nor be it supposed that1 in a country where every good citizen must espouse some party1#hb this ancient personage would remain an indifferent spectator were he not totally blind4 ,at an opposite corner a naked soldier is taking a few refreshing grains of best ,virginia1 and preparing to dress himself after the performance of a pugilistic duet4 ,on the other side of the rails a half-starved ,french cook1 a half-bred ,english cook1 and a half-roasted woman cook1 are carrying three covers for the lawyers' table4 ,near them is a cooper inspecting a vessel that had been reported leaky1 and must speedily be filled with home-brewed ale for the gratification of the populace4 ,two fellows are forcing their way through the crowd in the background with a barrel of the same liquor4 ,coming out of a street behind them1 a procession of triumphant electors hail the other successful candidate1 whose shadow appears on the wall of the court-house4 ,in ,mr4 ,attorney's#hc first floor are a group of the defeated party glorying in their security1 and highly delighted with the confusion below4 ,one of these1 distinguished by a riband1 is said to be intended for the late ,duke of ,newcastle1 who was eminently active on these occasions4 ,a poor old lady is unfortunately thrown down by a litter of pigs1 which1 followed by their mamma1 rush through the crowd with as much impetuosity as if the whole herd were possessed4 ,one of this agreeable party has leaped1 not into the ocean1 but the brook1 and the whole family are on the point of following its example4 ,hogarth had surely some antipathy to tailors2 in the background he has introduced one of these knights of the needle disciplined by his wife for having quitted the shop-board to look at the gentlemen4 ,in ,le ,brun's ,battle of the ,granicus1 an eagle is represented as hovering over the plumed helmet of ,alexander2 this thought is very happily parodied in a goose1#hd flying immediately over the tye-wig of our exalted candidate4 ,mr4 ,nichols1 in his ,anecdotes of ,hogarth1 very shrewdly observes that the ruined house adjoining to the attorney's is a stroke of satire that should not be overlooked1 because1 adds the same writer1 it intimates that nothing can thrive in the neighbourhood of such vermin4#he ,in this inference ,i most sincerely join1 but am afraid that in the present instance we cannot establish our data4 ,the house is not in ruins from the inhabitant having been unable to keep it in repair1 neither has it been torn by the teeth of time2 for it is apparently the wreck of a modern edifice1 which has been thus destroyed by a riotous mob1 because it belonged to one of the opposite party4 ,an inscription on the sun-dial1 when joined to the mortuary representation on the church gate-post1 has been supposed to imply a pun hardly worthy of ,hogarth1 but which yet ,i am inclined to suspect he intended4 ,we must1#hf on the sun-dial1 say some of his illustrators1 means--,we must die all 7dial74 ,all the incidents in this very whimsical plate are naturally and yet skilfully combined3 the whole is in the highest degree laughable1 and every figure stamped with its proper character4 ,the apprehensive terror of the unwieldy member1 the ,herculean strength of the exasperated thresher1 and the energetic attitude of the maimed sailor1 deserve peculiar praise4 ,previous to the publication of this series1 ,mr4 ,hogarth's satire was generally aimed at the follies and vices of individuals4 ,he has here ventured to dip his pencil in the ocean of politics1 and delineated the corrupt and venal conduct of our electors in the choice of their representatives4 ,that these four plates display a picture in any degree applicable to the present times must not be asserted1 because it might1 by the help of innuendo1 be construed into a libel on the present upright and independent ,house of ,commons3 but from the floating memorials of some little transactions that took place some thirty or forty years ago1 there is reason to think that the people of ,great ,britain were so far from being influenced by a reverence for public virtue1 that they began to suspect it had no existence4 ,their faith in violent professions of the amor patri had been staggered by several recent instances of political depravity4 ,they had a few years before seen a ,william ,pulteney1 the champion of patriots1 the idol of the people1 the dread of ministers1 desert from the party of which he was a leader1 quit the cause for which he had been the most violent advocate1 and accept a peerage4 ,this1 and some similar circumstances1 gave an example and an apology for universal venality4 ,how different was the spirit which actuated the ,earl of ,bath1 from that independent dignity1 that patriotic ardour1 that holy enthusiasm1 which has emblazoned the name of ,andrew ,marvel#hg with a saint-like glory6 ,let his name be consecrated by the reverence and the gratitude of every ,englishman1 and may we live to see a band of senators who will emulate his virtues6 ,could we have faith in speeches1 many which we have heard and read are of much promise2 let us hope that the day of performance is at hand4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,the ,,march ,,to ,,finchley4 ,now ,i behold the chiefs in the pride of their former deeds2 their souls are kindled at the battles of old1 and the actions of other times4 ,their eyes are like flames of fire1 and roll in search of the foes of the land4 ,their mighty hands are on their swords1 and lightning pours from their sides of steel4 ,they came like streams from the mountains2 each rushed roaring from his hill4 ,bright are the chiefs of battle in the arms of their fathers4#hh--;,,fingal1 ,book ,i4 p4 #g4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,march ,,to ,,finchley4 ,that so admirable a representation of the manners of ,england should be dedicated to the ,king of ,prussia1#hi is one of those odd circumstances which must surprise a man who is not acquainted with the history of the plate4 ,before publication it was inscribed to his late ,majesty1 and the picture taken to ,st4 ,james's1 in the hope of royal approbation4 ,george the ,second was an honest man and a soldier1 but not a judge of either a work of humour or a work of art4 ,the corporal or sergeant he considered as employed in a way which dignified their nature1 and gave them a title to the name and rank of gentlemen4 ,the painter or engraver1 however exquisite their skill1 however elevated their conceptions1 were on the ,king's scale mere mechanics4 ,when told that ,hogarth had painted a picture of the ,guards on their march to ,finchley1 and meant to dedicate a print engraved from it to the ,king of ,great ,britain1 his ,majesty probably expected to see an allegorical representation of an army of heroes devoting their lives to the service of their country2 and their sovereign1 habited like the mailed ,mars1 seated upon a cloud1 where he might1 ,with a commanding voice1 ,cry havoc1 and let slip the dogs of war4 ,if such was his expectation1 we may readily conceive his disappointment on viewing this delineation4 ,his first question was addressed to a nobleman-in-waiting3 ,pray1 who is this ,hogarth8 ,a painter1 my liege4 ,i hate bainting2 and boetry too6 neither the one nor the other ever did any good6 ,does the fellow mean to laugh at my ,guards8 ,the picture1 an please your ,majesty1 must undoubtedly be considered as a burlesque4 ,what6 a bainter burlesque a soldier8 he deserves to be picketed for his insolence6 ,take his trumpery out of my sight4 ,the print was returned to the artist1 who1 completely mortified at such a reception of what he very properly considered as his first work1 immediately altered the inscription1 inserting1 instead of the ,king of ,england1 the ,king of ,prussia 7as an encourager of the arts74 ,though the fine arts were never much encouraged in ,prussia1 the painter received a handsome acknowledgment for his dedication1 and afterwards circulated proposals for publishing his print by subscription4 ,thus was it announced in the ,general ,advertiser of ,april #ad1 #agej3--,mr4 ,hogarth is publishing by subscription a print1 representing ',the ,march to ,finchley' in the year #agdf2 engraved on a copperplate #bb inches by #ag3 the price1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,subscriptions are taken in at the ,golden ,head1 in ,leicester ,fields1 till the #cjth of this instant1 and no longer1 to the end that the engraving may not be retarded4 ,note4--,each print will be half a guinea after the subscription is over4 ,in the subscription-book are the particulars of a proposal1 whereby each subscriber of three shillings over and above the said seven shillings and sixpence for the print will1 in consideration thereof1 be entitled to a chance of having the original picture1 which shall be delivered to the winning subscriber as soon as the engraving is finished4 ,general ,advertiser1 ,may #a1 #agej4--,yesterday ,mr4 ,hogarth's subscription was closed3 eighteen hundred and forty-three chances being subscribed for1 ,mr4 ,hogarth gave the remaining hundred and sixty-seven chances to the ,foundling ,hospital1 and the same night delivered the picture to the ,governors4 ,by the fortunate number being among those presented to a charity which he so much wished to serve1 the artist was highly gratified4 ,in a private house it would have been in a degree secluded from the public1 and by the lapse of time have been transferred to those who could not appreciate its merit1 and from either negligence or ignorance1 might have been destroyed by damp walls1 or effaced from the canvas by picture-cleaners4 ,here1 it was likely to remain a permanent and honourable testimony of his talents and liberality4 ,notwithstanding all this1 ,hogarth soon after waited upon the treasurer of the hospital1 and acquainted him1 that if the trustees thought proper1 they were at liberty to dispose of the picture by auction4 ,his motives for giving this permission it is not easy to assign4 ,they might have their origin in his desire to enrich a foundation which had his warmest wishes1 or a natural though ill-judged ambition to have his greatest work in the possession of some one who had a collection of the old masters1 with whom he in no degree dreaded a competition4 ,whether his mind was actuated by these or other causes is not important2 certain it is that his opinion changed--he requested the trustees would not dispose of it1 and never afterwards consented to the measure he himself had originally proposed4 ,the late ,duke of ,ancaster's father wished to become a purchaser1 and once offered the trustees three hundred pounds for it4 ,i have been told that a much larger sum was since proffered by another gentleman4 ,the scene is laid before the ,adam and ,eve1 in ,tottenham ,court ,road1 and entitled1 ,a ,representation of the ,march of the ,guards towards ,scotland in the year #agde4 ,a handsome young grenadier has been denominated the principal figure1 but may with more propriety be called the principal figure of the principal group4 ,his countenance exhibits a strong contest between affection and duty2 for the manner in which his ,irish helpmate clings to his arm1 and at the same time with threatening aspect lifts up her right hand grasping the ,remembrancer1#ij proves to a moral certainty that to her he has made a matrimonial vow2 while the tender1 entreating distress of the poor girl at his right hand1 seems to intimate that1 though she possesses his heart1 she can make no claim except to his gratitude and affection1 both of which her present situation seems to demand4 ,her face forms a strong contrast to that of the fury who is on the other side2 for while one is marked with grief and tender regret1 the other has all the savage ferocity of an unchained tiger3 she is an accomplished masculine tramp1 perfectly qualified to follow a regiment1 and would be as ready to plunder those that are slaughtered as to scold those who escape3 being by no means of the class described by ,dr4 ,johnson when1 speaking of superfluous epithets1 he says1 they are like the valets and washerwomen that follow an army1 who add to the number without increasing the force4 ,the papers of which these two claimants are the vendors determine their principles4 ,the mild-tempered1 soft-featured gentlewoman with a cross upon a cloak1 is evidently a hawker of the ,jacobites' ,journal1 ,remembrancer1 and ,london ,evening ,post1 papers remarkable for their inflammatory tendency2 while a portrait of the gallant ,duke of ,cumberland1 and the now popular ballad of ,god save the ,king1 hang upon the basket of her rival4 ,an old woman immediately behind1 with a pipe in her mouth and a child on her back1 appears to have grown rather ancient in the service2 but notwithstanding her load and her poverty1 puffs away care1 and carries a cheerful countenance4 ,near the child's head a meagre ,frenchman is whispering an old fellow1 whom ,mr4 ,thornton in his description of the plate calls an ,independent2 but as in the original painting part of a plaid appears under his greatcoat1 the artist most probably intended it for an old ,highlander in disguise4 ,rouquet1 who perhaps had his explanation from ,hogarth1 describes it as follows3-- ,a droite du principal group paroit une figure de ,franois1 qu'on a voulu reprsenter comme un homme de quelque importance1 afin de lui donner plus de ridicule2 il parle un homme dont la nation est indique par l'toffe de sa veste1 qui est celui dont s'habillent les habitans des montagnes d',ecosse3 le ,franois semble communiquer l',ecossois des lettres qu'il vient de recevoir1 et qui ont rapport l'venement qui donne lieu cette marche4 ,les ,anglois ne se rjouissent jamais bien sans qu'il en coute quelque chose aux ,franois3 leur thatre1 leur conversation1 leurs tableaux1 et sur tout ceux de notre peintre1 portent toujours cette glorieuse marque de l'amour de la patrie3 les ,romans mme sont orns de traits amusans sur cet ancien sujet2 l'excellent auteur de ,tom ,jones1 a voulu aussi lcher les siens4 ,mais le prtendu mpris pour les ,franois dont le peuple de ce pais-ci fait profession1 s'explique selon moi d'une faon fort quivoque4 ,le mpris suppose l'oubli2 mais un objet dont on mdit perptuellement occup3 la satire constitue une attention qui me feroit souponner qu'on fait aux ,franois l'honneur de les har un peu4 ,a drummer1 sick of the remonstrances of his wife and child1 each of whom made a forcible seizure of his person1 actuated by a spirit similar to that of our third ,richard1 beats a thundering tattoo upon his own warlike instrument2 and aided by the ear-piercing fife#ia at his right hand1 drowns the noise of the tell-tale woman who thus endeavours to check his ardour and impede his march4 ,a war-worn soldier contemplating a quack-doctor's bill1 and a woman peeping out of a pent-house above1 end the group at the left corner4 ,under a sign of the ,adam and ,eve a crowd are gathered round two combatants1 who appear to be adepts in the noble science of boxing4 ,amid the circle now each champion stands1 ,and poises high in air his iron hands2 ,hurling defiance2 now they fiercely close-- ,their crackling jaws re-echo to the blows4 ,a man1 who from his dress seems to be of a rank superior to the crowd1 inflamed with a love of glory1 enters with great spirit into the business now going on1 and tries to inspire the combatants with a noble contempt of bruises and broken bones4 ,this is said to be a portrait of ,lord ,albemarle ,bertie1 who is again exhibited in ,the ,cockpit4 ,the scene being laid in the background1 the figures are diminutive2 but every countenance is marked with interest1 and no one more than a little fellow#ib of meagre frame but undaunted spirit1 who with clenched fists and agitated face deals blow for blow with the combatants4 ,somerville1 in his ,rural ,games1 has well described the passions which agitate the audience in a similar scene at a country wake3 ,each swain his wish1 each trembling nymph conceals ,her secret dread2 while every panting breast ,alternate fears and hopes depress or raise4 ,thus1 long in dubious scale the contest hung1 etc4 ,with a humour peculiar to himself1 the painter has exhibited a figure shrinking under the weight of a heavy burden1 who1 preferring the gratification of curiosity to rest1 is a spectator1 and in this uneasy state waits the issue of the combat4 ,upon the sign-board of the ,adam and ,eve is inserted1 ,tottenham ,court ,nursery1 allusive to a booth for bruising in the place1 as well as a nursery for plants1 and the group of figures beneath4 ,a carriage laden with camp equipage1 consisting of drums1 halberds1 tent-poles1 and hoop petticoats1 is passing through the turnpike gate4 ,upon this1 two old female campaigners are puffing their pipes1 and holding a conversation in fire and smoke4 ,these grotesque personages are well contrasted by an elegant and singularly delicate figure upon the same carriage1 suckling her child2 which1 it has been said1 proves that the painter is as successful in portraying the graceful as the humorous4 ,this very beautiful figure is1 however1 almost a direct copy from ,guido's ,madonna4 ,to show that a little boy at her feet is of an heroic stock1 the artist has represented him blowing a small trumpet4 ,the sergeant on the ground beneath seems exerting the authority with which his post vests him in calling his men to order3 he has a true roast-beef countenance1 and is haughty enough for a general4 ,the foreground in the centre is occupied by a group of figures1 which tell their own story in a manner that perhaps no other artist of any age could have equalled4 ,while an officer is kissing a milk-maid1 an arch soldier1 taking advantage of her neglected pails1 fills his hat with milk3 this is observed by a little chimney-sweeper1 who1 with a grin upon his face1 entreats that he may have a share in the plunder1 and fill his cap4 ,another soldier pointing out the jest to a fellow who is selling pies1 the pastry-cook1 gratified by the mischief1 forgets the luscious cakes in the tray on his head1 and the military ,mercury seems likely to convey them all to his own pocket4 ,the faces of this group are in a most singular degree descriptive of their situations1 and consonant to their mischievous employments4 ,an old soldier1 divested of one spatterdash1 near losing the other1 and felled to the ground by all-potent gin1 is now calling for more2 his uncivil comrade1 supporting him with one hand1 endeavours to pour water into his mouth with the other2 this the veteran toper rejects with disdain1 and lifts up a hand to his wife1 who is bearer of the arms and the bottle1 and being well acquainted with his taste1 fills another quartern4 ,a child with emaciated face extends its little arms1 and wishes for a taste of that poisonous potion it is probably accustomed to swallow3 ,and here 7says ,mr4 ,thornton in the ,student71 not to dwell wholly upon the beauties of this print1 ,i must mention an error discovered by a professed connoisseur in painting4 ',can there1' says this excellent judge1 'be a greater absurdity than introducing a couple of chickens so near such a crowd2 and not only so1 but see their direction is to objects it is natural for them to shun4--,is this knowledge of nature8 ,absurd to the last degree6' ,and here1 with an air of triumph1 ended our judicious critic4 ,how great was his surprise1 when it was pointed out that the said chickens were in pursuit of the hen1 which appears to have a resting-place in a sailor's pocket6 ,an honest tar1 throwing up his hat1 is crying ,god save our noble ,king1 ,god save the ,king3 immediately before him an image of drunken loyalty vows de--de--destruction on the heads of the rebels4 ,a humane soldier perceiving a fellow heavy laden with a barrel of gin1 and stopped by the crowd1 bores a hole in the head of his cask1 and kindly draws off a part of his burden4 ,near him is a figure of what may1 in the army1 be called a fine fellow4#ic ,as ,i suppose the painter designed him without character1 ,i shall only observe that he is a very pretty gentleman2 and happily the contemplation of his own dear person guards him from the attempts of the wicked woman on his right hand4#id ,the invention of a new term must be pardoned--,i shall include the whole ,king's ,head in the word ,cattery2 the principal figure is a noted fat ,covent ,garden lady1#ie who1 with pious eyes cast up to heaven1 prays for the army's success1 and the safe return of many of her babes of grace4 ,an officer having placed a letter on the end of his pike1 presents it to one of the beauties in the first floor2 but the fair enamorata1 evidently disgusted at the recollection of some part of his former conduct1 flutters her fan and rejects it with disdain4 ,above her1 a charitable girl of an inferior order is throwing a piece of coin to a cripple1 while another kindly administers a glass of comfort to her companion as a sure relief against reflection4 ,the rest of the windows are crowded with similar characters1 and upon the house-top is a ,cat coterie1 a fair emblem of the company in the apartments beneath4 ,the substance of the preceding remarks are1 in this as in the first edition1 taken from the ,student1 vol4 ii4 p4 #afb1 and were made by the late ,bonnell ,thornton4 ,in the ,old ,woman's ,magazine1 ,doctor ,hill has given an explanation which places it in a point of view somewhat different2 ,i have therefore subjoined the greatest part of it4 ,to the ,editor4 ,,sir1--,as you desire my sentiments on ,mr4 ,hogarth's picture1 ,i shall begin with pointing out what is most defective4 ,its first and greatest fault1 then1 is its being new1 and having too great a resemblance to the objects it represents3 if this appears a paradox1 you ought to take particular care of confessing it4 ,this picture has yet too much of that lustre1--that despicable freshness which we discover in nature1 and which is never seen in the celebrated cabinets of the curious4 ,time has not yet obscured it with that venerable smoke1 that sacred cloud which will one day conceal it from the profane eyes of the vulgar1 that its beauties may only be seen by those who are initiated in the mysteries of art4 ,these are its most remarkable faults3 and ,i am next going to give you an idea of the subject1 which is the march of some companies of the foot guards to their rendezvous at ,finchley ,common1 when sent against the ,scottish rebels1 who were advancing on that side4 ,mr4 ,hogarth1 who lets no opportunity escape him of observing the picturesque scenes which numerous assemblies frequently furnish1 has not failed to represent them on the spot where he has drawn the scene of his picture4 ,the painter is remarkable for a particular sagacity in seizing a thousand little circumstances which escape the observation of the greatest part of the spectators1 and it is a collection of a number of those circumstances which has composed1 enriched1 and diversified his work4 ,the scene is placed at ,tottenham ,court1 where1 in a distant view1 is seen a file of soldiers marching in tolerable order up the hill4 ,discipline is less observed in the principal design2 but if you complain of this1 ,i must ingeniously inform you1 that order and subordination belong only to slaves2 for what everywhere else is called licentiousness1 assumes here the venerable name of liberty4 ,a young grenadier1 of a good mien1 makes the principal figure in the first group2 he is accompanied1 or rather seized and beset1 by two women1 one of whom is a ballad-singer1 and the other a news-hawker3 they are both with child1 and claim this hero as the father1 and except this circumstance they have nothing in common2 for their figures1 their humours1 their characters1 appear extremely different3 they are even of opposite parties1 for the one disposes of works in favour of the ,government1 and the other against it4 ,on the left hand of this group is an officer embracing a milk-woman2 but her greatest misfortune is1 not her being hugged by a young cavalier1 but in having one of her milk-pails seized by a wag1 who pours her milk into a hat1 while he is pretending to defend her4 ,near them is a pieman1 who is mightily rejoiced at this roguery2 while a soldier1 who is fleering in his face1 slily steals the pies he carries on his head4 ,the humour of this group is greatly heightened by a chimney-sweeper's boy1 who comes laughing to receive some of the milk into his hat1 which he carries in his hand4 ,on the right hand of the principal group is a ,frenchman1 who1 to give him a more ridiculous appearance1 is represented as a man of some importance4 ,he is speaking to a very odd person1 to whom he seems communicating the contents of some letters relative to the event which is the cause of this march4 ,behind the ,frenchman just mentioned is seen an old sutler1 who carries her child at her back1 and is smoking a short pipe4 ,in the front1 at a small distance1 is a drummer1 who by the noise of his drum seems to endeavour to stun all thoughts of the fate of his family1 who seek in vain to soften him by taking a tender leave4 ,one of the young pipers whom the ,duke of ,cumberland has introduced into several regiments1 joins his noise to that of the drum1 and by the agreeable appearance of his little person1 is a contrast to the rudeness of the objects who are near him1 etc4 etc4 ,to the dramatic effect of the picture1 the late ,mr4 ,arthur ,murphy1 whose acknowledged judgment give weight to his praise1 bears the following honourable testimony in the ,gray's ,inn ,journal1 vol4 i4 ,no4 #bj3-- ,the era may arrive1 when1 through the instability of the ,english language1 the style of ,joseph ,andrews and ,tom ,jones shall be obliterated1 when the characters shall be unintelligible1 and the humour lose its relish2 but the many personages which the manner-painting hand of ,hogarth has called forth into mimic life will not fade so soon from the canvas1 and that admirable picturesque comedy1 ',the ,march to ,finchley1' will perhaps divert posterity as long as the ,foundling ,hospital shall do honour to the ,british nation4 ,,the ,,invasion2 ,,or1 ,,france ,,and ,,england4 ,in the two following designs ,mr4 ,hogarth has displayed that partiality for his own country1 and contempt for ,france1 which formed a strong trait in his character4 ,he neither forgot nor forgave the insults he suffered at ,calais1 though he did not recollect that this treatment originated in his own ill-humour1 which threw a sombre shade over every object that presented itself4 ,having early imbibed the vulgar prejudice that one ,englishman was a match for four ,frenchmen1#if he thought it would be doing his country a service to prove the position4 ,how far it is either useful or political to depreciate the power or degrade the character of that people with whom we are to contend1 is a question which does not come within the plan of this work4 ,in some cases it may create confidence1 but in others leads to the indulgence of that negligent security by which armies have been slaughtered1 provinces depopulated1 and kingdoms changed their rulers4 ,these two glaring contrasts were designed at a time when there was a rumour of an invasion from ,france4 ,the sober politician treated this idle report with contempt2 but by the credulous it was believed1 and the timid trembled when they heard it4 ,to dispel this phantom of the day was one motive for ,hogarth's publication of these prints4 ,they are not addressed to the philosopher or the legislator1 but to the soldier and the sailor4 ,they are not designed for the contemplation of the informed and travelled man1 who considers himself as a citizen of the world2 but for the true-born and true-bred ,briton1 that believes this to be the only country where man can enjoy happiness1 and thinks an ,englishman is the boast of the universe1 the glory of creation1 and the paragon of nature6 ,,plate ,i4 ,,france4 ,with lantern jaws1 and croaking gut1 ,see how the half-starv'd ,frenchmen strut1 ,and call us ,english dogs6 ,but soon we'll teach these bragging foes1 ,that beef and beer give heavier blows ,than soup and roasted frogs4 ,the priests1 inflam'd with righteous hopes1 ,prepare their axes1 wheels1 and ropes1 ,to bend the stiff-neck'd sinner2 ,but should they sink in coming over1 ,old ,nick may fish 'twixt ,france and ,dover1 ,and catch a glorious dinner4 ,illustration3 ,,france ,,plate ,i4 ,the scenes of all ,mr4 ,hogarth's prints1 except ,the ,gate of ,calais and that now under consideration1 are laid in ,england4 ,in this1 having quitted his own country1 he seems to think himself out of the reach of the critics1 and in delineating a ,frenchman1 at liberty to depart from nature1 and sport in the fairy regions of caricature4 ,were these ,gallic soldiers naked1 each of them would appear like a forked radish1 with a head fantastically carved upon it with a knife4 ,so forlorn6 that to any thick sight he would be invisible6 ,to see this miserable woe-begone refuse of the army1 who look like a group detached from the main body and put on the sick-list1 embarking to conquer a neighbouring kingdom1 is ridiculous enough1 and at the time of publication must have had great effect4 ,the artist seemed sensible that it was necessary to account for the unsubstantial appearance of these shadows of men1 and has hinted at their want of solid food1 in the bare bones of beef hung up in the window1 the inscription on the alehouse sign1 ,soup maigre la sabot ,royal1 and the spider-like officer roasting four frogs which he has impaled upon his sword4 ,such light and airy diet is whimsically opposed by the motto on the standard1 which two of the most valorous of this ghastly troop are hailing with grim delight and loud exultation4 ,it is indeed an attractive motto1 and well calculated to inspire this famishing company with courage3 ,vengeance1 avec le bon bier1 et bon beuf d',angleterre4 ,however meagre the military1 the church militant is in no danger of starving4 ,the portly friar is neither emaciated by fasting1 nor weakened by penance4 ,anticipating the glory of extirpating heresy1 he is feeling the sharp edge of an axe to be employed in the decollation of the enemies to the true faith1 which if any one doubt1 he shall die the death4 ,a sledge is laden with whips1 wheels1 ropes1 chains1 gibbets1 and other inquisitorial engines of torture1 which are admirably calculated for the propagation of a religion that was established in meekness and mercy1 and inculcates universal charity and forbearance4 ,on the same sledge is an image of ,st4 ,anthony1 very properly accompanied by his pig1 and the plan of a monastery to be built at ,blackfriars4 ,in the background are a troop of soldiers so averse to this ,english expedition1 that their sergeant is obliged to goad them forward with his halberd4 ,to intimate that agriculture suffers by the invasion having engaged the masculine inhabitants1 two women ploughing a sterile promontory in the distance complete this catalogue of wretchedness1 misery1 and famine4 ,,plate ,,ii ,,england4 ,see ,john the ,soldier1 ,jack the ,tar1 ,with sword and pistol arm'd for war1 ,should ,mounseer dare come here2 ,the hungry slaves have smelt our food1 ,they long to taste our flesh and blood1 ,old ,england's beef and beer6 ,britons1 to arms6 and let 'em come2 ,be you but ,britons still1 strike home1 ,and lion-like attack 'em1 ,no power can stand the deadly stroke ,that's given from hands and hearts of oak1 ,with liberty to back 'em4 ,illustration3 ,,england ,,plate ,,ii4 ,from the unpropitious regions of ,france1 our scene changes to the fertile fields of ,england4 ,england6 bound in with the triumphant sea1 ,whose rocky shores beat back the envious siege ,of wat'ry ,neptune4 ,instead of the forlorn and famished party who were represented in the last plate1 we here see a company of well-fed and high-spirited ,britons1 marked with all the hardihood of ancient times1 and eager to defend their country4 ,in the first group1 a young peasant who aspires to a niche in the ,temple of ,fame1 preferring the service of ,mars to that of ,ceres1 and the dignified appellation of soldier to the plebeian name of farmer1 offers to enlist4 ,standing with his back against the halberd to ascertain his height1 and finding he is rather under the mark1#ig he endeavours to reach it by rising on tiptoe4 ,this artifice1 to which he is impelled by towering ambition1 the sergeant seems disposed to connive at--and the sergeant is a hero1 and a great man in his way2 your hero always must be tall1 you know4 ,to evince that the polite arts were then in a flourishing state1 and cultivated by more than the immediate professors1 a gentleman artist1 who to common eyes must pass for a grenadier1 is making a caricature of le ,grand ,monarque4 ,the sovereign of ,france was in that day as general a subject for copper satire as ,mr4 ,fox is in this4 ,i have seen engravings1 where his ,gallic ,majesty made one of the party1 that were not a degree better than the grenadier's drawing1 where1 to render the meaning obvious1 and supply the want of character1 or story1 every figure had a label hanging to its mouth4 ,that given to this king of shreds and patches is worthy the speaker1 and worthy observation3 ,you take a my fine ships3 you be de pirate2 you be de teef3 me send my grand armies1 and hang you all4 ,the action is suited to the word1 for with his left hand this most ,christian potentate grasps his sword1 and in his right poises a gibbet4 ,the figure and motto united1 produce a roar of approbation from the soldier and sailor1 who are criticising the work4 ,it is so natural1 that the ,helen and ,briseis of the camp contemplate the performance with apparent delight2 and while one of them with her apron measures the breadth of this ,herculean painter's shoulders1 the other1 to show that the performance has some point1 places her forefinger against the prongs of a fork4 ,the little fifer1 playing that animated and inspiring tune ,god save the ,king1 is an old acquaintance3 we recollect him in ,the ,march to ,finchley4 ,in the background is a sergeant teaching a company of young recruits their manual exercise4 ,this military meeting is held at the sign of the gallant ,duke of ,cumberland1 who is mounted upon a prancing charger1 ,as if an angel dropt down from the clouds1 ,to turn and wield a fiery ,pegasus1 ,and witch the world with noble horsemanship4#ih ,underneath is inscribed1 ,roast and boiled every day2 which1 with the beef and beverage upon the table1 forms a fine contrast to the soup maigre1 bare bones1 and roasted frogs1 in the last print4 ,the bottle painted on the wall1 foaming with liquor which1 impatient of imprisonment1 has burst its cerements1 must be an irresistible invitation to a thirsty traveller4 ,the soldier's sword laid upon the round of beef1 and the sailor's pistol on the vessel containing the ale1 intimate that these great bulwarks of our island are as tenacious of their beef and beer as of their religion and liberty4 ,these two plates were published in #agef2 but in the ,london ,chronicle for ,october #bj1 #agei1 is the following advertisement3-- ,this day are re-published1 price #as4 each1 ,two prints designed and etched by ,william ,hogarth3 one representing the preparations on the ,french coast for an intended invasion2 the other1 a view of the preparations making in ,england to oppose the wicked designs of our enemies2 proper to be stuck up in public places1 both in town and country1 at this juncture4#ii ,the verses which are inserted under each print1 and subjoined to this account1 are1 it must be acknowledged1 coarse enough4 ,they were1 however1 written by ,david ,garrick1 who1 had he thought the subject worthy of his muse1 could1 ,i believe1 have produced more elegant stanzas4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,the ,,cockpit4 ,it is worth your while to come to ,england1 were it only to see an election and a cock-match4 ,there is a celestial spirit of anarchy and confusion in these two scenes that words cannot paint1 and of which no countryman of yours can form even an idea4--,sherlock's ,letters to a friend at ,paris4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,cockpit4 ,mr4 ,sherlock is perfectly right in his assertion1 that neither of these scenes can be described by words2 but where the writer must have failed1 the artist has succeeded1 and the ,parisian who has never visited ,england may1 from ,mr4 ,hogarth's ,prints1 form a tolerably correct idea of the anarchy of an election1 and the confusion of a cockpit4 ,to the right learned and laborious successors of ,master ,thomas ,hearne1 it would be matter of curious speculation1 and worthy of deep research1 to inquire which of these popular sportes was fyrste practysed in fair ,englonde4 ,to their grave and useful investigations ,i leave the decision of this knotty point4 ,the earliest information of this gentile and royal game which my reading supplies1 ,i find in a treatise1 published in #afgd1 and entitled ,the ,complete ,gamester1 containing instructions how to play at ,billiards1 ,trucks1 ,bowls1 ,chess1 etc4 ,to which is added1 ,the ,artes and ,mysteries of ,riding1 ,racing1 ,archery1 and ,cock ,fighting4 ,printed by ,a4 ,m4 for ,r4 ,cutler1 and to be sold by ,henry ,brome1 at the ,gun1 at the west end of ,st4 ,paul's4 ,to this curious little vade mecum there is a frontispiece divided into five compartments4 ,one of them represents a cockpit1 in the centre of which two of the feathered tribe1 not unlike ducks1 are fighting4 ,the pit is surrounded by a company of crop-eared figures in round hats1 with faces as demure and sanctified as are to be seen at a ,quakers' meeting4 ,before many of these most sedate personages are heaps of gold1 and 7alluding to the print7 the following sublime verses3-- ,after these three1 the cockpit claims a name2 ,a sport gentile1 and call'd a royal game4 ,now see the gallants crowd about the pit1 ,and most are stock'd with money more than wit2 ,else sure they would not1 with so great a stir1 ,lay ten to one on a cock's faithless spur4 ,to the respect which our ancestors had for this kingly amusement1 the author beareth ample testimony in his #chth chapter1 some extracts from which ,i venture to insert1 with the hope that they will be both pleasant and profitable to the lovers of this very refined and humane divertisement3-- ,it is a sport or pastime so full of delight and pleasure1 that ,i know not any game in that respect is to be preferred before it2 and since the fighting cock hath gained so great an estimation among the gentry1 in respect to this noble recreation1 ,i shall here propose it before all the other games of which ,i have afore succinctly discoursed4 ,that1 therefore1 ,i may methodically give instructions to such as are unlearned1 and add more knowledge to such who have already gained a competent proficiency in this pleasing art1 ,i shall1 as briefly as ,i can1 give you information how you shall choose1 breed1 and diet the fighting cock1 with what choice secrets are thereunto belonging1 in order thus3-- ,in the election#ajj of a fighting cock1 there are four things principally to be considered2 and they are3 shape1 colour1 courage1 and a sharp heel4 ,observe the crowing of your chickens2 if you find them crow too soon1 that is1 before six months old1 or unseasonably1 and that their crowing is clear and loud1 fit them as soon as you can for the pot or spit1 for they are infallible signs of cowardice and falsehood3 on the contrary1 the true and perfect cock is long before he obtaineth his voice1 and when he hath got it1 observeth his hours with the best judgment4 ,after much more which ,i have not room to insert1 the author addeth1 ,to conclude1 make your choice of such a one that is of shape strong1 of colour good1 of valour true1 and of heel sharp and ready4 ,leaving the book to the study of those whom it may concern1 let us now attend to the plate4 ,the scene is probably laid at ,newmarket2#aja and in this motley group of peers1 pickpockets1 butchers1 jockeys1 ratcatchers1 gentlemen1--gamblers of every denomination1--,lord ,albemarle ,bertie1#ajb being the principal figure1 is entitled to precedence4 ,in a former print#ajc we saw him an attendant at a boxing match2 and here he is president of a most respectable society assembled at a cockpit4 ,what rendered his ,lordship's passion for amusements of this nature very singular1 was his being totally blind4 ,in this place he is beset by seven steady friends1 five of whom at the same instant offer to bet with him on the event of the battle4 ,one of them1 a lineal descendant of ,filch1 taking advantage of his blindness and negligence1 endeavours to convey a bank note1 deposited in our dignified gambler's hat1 to his own pocket4 ,of this ungentleman-like attempt his ,lordship is apprised by a ragged postboy and an honest butcher3 but so much engaged in the pronunciation of those important words1 ,done6 done6 done6 done6 and the arrangement of his bets1 that he cannot attend to their hints2 and it seems more than probable that the stock will be transferred and the note negotiated in a few seconds4 ,a very curious group surround the old nobleman1 who is adorned with a riband1 a star1 and a pair of spectacles4 ,the whole weight of an overgrown carpenter being laid upon his shoulder1 forces our illustrious personage upon a man beneath2 who being thus driven downward1 falls upon a fourth2 and the fourth1 by the accumulated pressure of this ponderous trio--composed of the upper and lower house--loses his balance1 and tumbling against the edge of the partition1 his head is broke1 and his wig1 shook from the seat of reason1 falls into the cockpit4 ,a man adjoining enters into the spirit of the battle--his whole soul is engaged4 ,from his distorted countenance and clasped hands1 we see that he feels every stroke given to his favourite bird in his heart's core1 ay1 in his heart of hearts6 ,a person at the old ,peer's left hand is likely to be a loser4 ,ill-humour1 vexation1 and disappointment are painted in his countenance4 ,the chimney-sweeper above is the very quintessence of affectation4 ,he has all the airs and graces of a boarding-school miss4 ,there are those who remember the man1 and declare that his character is not heightened in the portrait4 ,the sanctified ,quaker adjoining1 and the fellow beneath1 who1 by the way1 is a very similar figure to ,captain ,stab in ,the ,rake's ,progress1 are finely contrasted4 ,a ,french marquis1 on the other side1 astonished at this being called amusement1 is exclaiming ,sauvages6 sauvages6 sauvages6 ,engrossed by the scene1 and opening his snuff-box rather carelessly1 its contents fall into the eyes of a man below1 who1 sneezing and swearing alternately1 imprecates bitter curses on this devil's dust1 that extorts from his inflamed eyes a sea of melting pearls1 which some call tears4 ,adjoining is an old cripple with a trumpet at his ear1 and in this trumpet a person in a bag-wig roars in a manner that cannot much gratify the auricular nerves of his companions2 but as for the object to whom the voice is directed1 he seems totally insensible to sounds1 and if judgment can be formed from appearances1 might very composedly stand close to the clock of ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral when it was striking twelve4 ,the figure with a cock peeping out of a bag is said to be intended for ,jackson1 a jockey4 ,the gravity of this experienced veteran1 and the cool sedateness of a man registering the wagers1 are well opposed by the grinning woman behind1 and the heated impetuosity of a fellow1 stripped to his shirt1 throwing his coin upon the cockpit1 and offering to back ,ginger against ,pye for a guinea4 ,on the lower side1 where there is only one tier of figures1 a sort of an apothecary1 and a jockey1 are stretching out their arms and striking together the handles of their whips in token of a bet4 ,an hiccuping votary of ,bacchus1 displaying a half-emptied purse1 is not likely to possess it long2 for an adroit professor of legerdemain has taken aim with an hooked stick1 and by one slight jerk will convey it to his own pocket4 ,the profession of a gentlemen in a round wig is determined by a gibbet chalked upon his coat4 ,an enraged barber1 who lifts up his stick in the corner1 has probably been refused payment of a wager by the man at whom he is striking4 ,a cloud-capt philosopher at the top of the print1 coolly smoking his pipe1 unmoved by this crash of matter and wreck of property1 must not be overlooked3 neither should his dog be neglected2 for the dog1 gravely resting his fore-paws upon the partition1#ajd and contemplating the company1 seems more interested in the event of the battle than his master4 ,like the tremendous ,gog and terrific ,magog of ,guildhall1 stand the two cock-feeders2 a foot of each of these consequential purveyors is seen at the two extremities of the pit4 ,as to the birds whose attractive powers have drawn this admiring throng together1 they deserved earlier notice-- ,each hero burns to conquer or to die1 ,what mighty hearts in little bosoms lie6 ,having disposed of the substances1 let us now attend to the shadow on the cockpit1 and this it seems is the reflection of a man drawn up to the ceiling in a basket1 and there suspended#aje as a punishment for having betted more money than he can pay4 ,though suspended1 he is not reclaimed2 though exposed1 not abashed2 for in this degrading situation he offers to stake his watch against money in another wager on his favourite champion4 ,the decorations of this curious theatre are1 a portrait of ,nan ,rawlins1#ajf and the ,king's arms4 ,in the margin at the bottom of the print is an oval1 with a fighting cock1 inscribed ,royal sport1 and underneath it is written1 ,pit ticket4 ,of the characteristic distinctions in this heterogeneous assembly1 it is not easy to speak with sufficient praise4 ,the chimney-sweeper's absurd affectation sets the similar airs of the ,frenchman in a most ridiculous point of view4 ,the old fellow with a trumpet at his ear has a degree of deafness that ,i never before saw delineated2 he might have lived in the same apartment with ,xantippe1 or slept comfortably in ,alexander the coppersmith's first floor4 ,as to the nobleman in the centre1 in the language of the turf1 he is a mere pigeon2 and the ,peer1 with a star and garter1 in the language of ,cambridge1 we must class as--a mere quiz4 ,the man sneezing1 you absolutely hear2 and the fellow stealing a bank note has all the outward and visible marks of a perfect and accomplished pickpocket2 ,mercury himself could not do that business in a more masterly style4 ,i hope it will not be thought irrelevant to my subject if ,i here name a man whose periods have polished the ,english language1 and given to poesy a harmony before unknown4 ,to ,alexander ,pope1 ,hogarth had an early dislike4 ,pope was the friend of ,lord ,burlington1--,lord ,burlington was the patron of ,kent1 and ,kent was the rival of ,sir ,james ,thornhill1 who was the father-in-law of ,william ,hogarth4 ,in two of his miscellaneous prints1 our mellifluous poet is exhibited in very degrading situations4 ,in one#ajg he is represented as whitewashing the gate of ,burlington ,house1 and in the violence of his operation bespattering the carriage of his ,grace of ,chandos1 etc42 and in the other1 picking ,john ,gay's#ajh pocket4 ,had the artist been acquainted with a circumstance mentioned by ,mr4 ,tyers in his ,rhapsody1 our ,british ,horace would very probably have had a place in this group4 ,tyers tells us that ,pope1 while living with his father at ,chiswick1 before he went to ,binfield1 took great delight in cock-fighting1 and laid out all his schoolboy money1 and little perhaps it was1 in buying fighting cocks4 ,from this passion1 but surely not the play of a child1 his mother had the dexterity to wean him4 ,admitting the fact1 for which ,i have no other authority than the pamphlet above quoted1 it does not tell in favour of that delicate and tender humanity which this elegant poet so much affected4 ,on his conduct to ,lady ,mary ,wortley ,montagu1 ,lord ,bolingbroke1 ,mr4 ,addison1 and ,mr4 ,broome1 ,i will make no comment2 but his bitter satire on the ,duke of ,chandos1#aji while it exalts his poetical powers1 dishonours his moral character4 ,the animation1 energy1 and elegance of the stanzas would atone for almost anything--but ingratitude6 ,lord ,orrery observes3 ,if we may judge of ,mr4 ,pope from his works1 his chief aim was to be esteemed a man of virtue4 ,when actions can be clearly ascertained1 it is not necessary to seek the mind's construction in the writings2 and ,i regret being compelled to believe that some of ,mr4 ,pope's actions1 at the same time that they prove him to be querulous and petulant1 lead us to suspect that he was also envious1 malignant1 and cruel4 ,how far this will tend to confirm the assertion1 that when a boy he was an amateur#aaj of this royal sport1#aaa ,i do not pretend to decide3 but were a child in whom ,i had any interest cursed with such a propensity1 my first object would be to correct it2 if that were impracticable1 and he retained a fondness for the cockpit1 and the still more detestable amusement of ,shrove ,tuesday1#aab ,i should hardly dare to flatter myself that he could become a merciful man4 ,the subject has carried me further than ,i intended4 ,i will1 however1 take the freedom of proposing one query to the consideration of the clergy1 should any of that sacred order do me the honour of perusing this volume4 ,might it not have a tendency to check that barbarous spirit1 which has more frequently its source in an early acquired habit arising from the prevalence of example than in natural depravity1 if every divine in ,great ,britain were to preach at least one sermon every twelve months on our universal insensibility to the sufferings of the brute creation8#aac ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,credulity1 ,,superstition1 ,,and ,,fanaticism4 ,a ,,medley4 ,believe not every spirit1 but try the spirits whether they are of ,god2 because many false prophets are gone out into the world4--#a ,,john ,,iv4 #a4 ,illustration3 ,,credulity ,,superstition ,,and ,,fanaticism4 ,whoever reads history with a view of tracing the progress of the human mind1--which1 by the way1 is the great object that renders history useful1--whoever reads history with that regard1 must be astonished and shocked at the slow progress of philosophy1 and the universal prevalence of credulity1 superstition1 and fanaticism4 ,if antiquity would give a claim to reverence1 this destructive band have a date prior to ,christianity2 their united power shed baneful influence on the earliest ages4 ,in the pagan temples there was a kind of incantation for conjuring down deities1 to whom were assigned niches according to their different degrees of rank4 ,the histories of ,greece and ,rome 7for the sake of human nature1 ,i wish that the parallel did not reach modern times7 display an innumerable host of all ages1 sexes1 descriptions1 and characters1 enlisted under the banner of the priesthood1 together with a select corps de reserve of augurs and soothsayers1 who1 by inspecting the entrails of beasts1 foretold future events1 and from the flight of birds the defeat of armies4 ,succeeding ages beheld their heathen temples solemnly consecrated2 and being thus metamorphosed into ,christian churches1 the sculptures representing ,jupiter1 ,minerva1 ,venus1 and ,diana1 by virtue of a new baptism1 became saints4#aad ,here also were a legion of arrogant priests1 who insolently dictated the terms of salvation1 fixed a standard for universal belief1 and introduced their own inventions as divine precepts2 who forced monarchs to pay tribute by ecclesiastical privilege1 assumed the dominion of empires by divine right1 and claimed three-fourths of the known world as heirs-at-law to ,st4 ,peter4 ,to secure their acquisitions1 they entrenched themselves behind ramparts raised on the credulity and folly of mankind4 ,he who attempted to scale these hallowed mounds was deemed guilty of sacrilege2 he who questioned the catholic infallibility was an atheist2 and whosoever doubted the divine mission of a priest--an infidel4#aae ,finding the multitude were so well inclined to believe that whatever they could not comprehend was supernatural1 they construed each phenomenon of nature into a portentous menace from ,heaven4 ,an eclipse became the omen of a revolution2 an inundation the prognostic of a defeat2 and an hurricane foretold the fall of every power that made any opposition to papal authority4 ,by arts like these1 the people were brought into a mental vassalage2 and the powerful ,baron having previously enslaved their persons1 they readily gave the care of their souls to the confessor4 ,to him they applied as the proper interpreter of every difficult case2 and fraught with a full portion of credulity1 each individual considered every cloud that passed over the sun1 and every raven that expanded its ebon wing1 as bearing some particular direction to himself4 ,hence arose the doctrine of demonology2 and apparitions1 witches1 dreams1 and divinations1 formed a creed of superstition4 ,on this was built that notable system1 properly enough called ,the ,philosophy of the ,distaff4 ,this mythology of weak minds has been carried through every age and country by oral tradition and unfounded record4 ,our earliest histories abound in augury and prediction2 the most fabulous tales had credence1 not only with the unlearned and ignorant1 but with the educated and sagacious4 ,the grave ,duke de ,sully seriously narrates those which had relation to ,henry the ,fourth4 ,it is recorded by ,victorius ,sirri1 that ,louis the ,thirteenth was from his infancy surnamed ,just1--because he was born under the sign of the ,balance6 ,even sorcery was made a leading branch of religion2 and one of a priest's duties was to exorcise ghosts by talking ,latin1 which was considered as a never-failing antidote for a troublesome spirit1 and invariably concluded by the ghost being laid in the ,red ,sea4 ,some of these glaring errors have been obliterated1 but absurdities of equal magnitude have supplied their place2 and modern credulities are nearly as destructive to the interests of society as ancient superstitions4 ,though this nation1 as well as others1 was at an early period enveloped by ignorance1 superstition1 and their consequent accompaniments1 we had some right to expect the clouds would have been dispelled by the ,reformation2 but credulity kept its ground1 and at a still later period--when we had a most learned and sedate monarch1 and a most sententious and grave ,parliament--an ,act was passed for the punishment of witchcraft6 ,by this sagacious union of royal and national wisdom1 if a woman lived to a greater age than her neighbour1 she was tried1 proved guilty of commercing with a familiar in the shape of a tabby cat1 and eased of all her sufferings by the ordeal of fire or water4 ,it is not many years since a fanatic in one of our colonies took a fancy to accuse a neighbour of witchcraft3 the crime was clearly proved1 and the poor culprit suffered according to law4 ,in credulity and superstition there is something epidemical4 ,the contagion spread2 and this being found a summary process for removing a competitor in trade1 or revenging an insult1 informations for sorcery became frequent4 ,their sessions-house was crowded with witches1 as is that at the ,old ,bailey with pickpockets4 ,it however brought fees1 and so far was well3 but these sapient legislators at length discovered that the province was likely to be depopulated2 and what affected them still more1 their own fraternity were liable to the consequences4 ,a man1 who had been cheated by his lawyer1 made an affidavit that said lawyer was a wizard4 ,this was too much3 the court had a special meeting1 and unanimously determined that they would not receive any more informations against wizards4 ,the bye-law had the effect of a charm1 and sorcery was no more6 ,lord ,bacon somewhere remarks that superstition is worse than atheism4 ,it takes from religion every attraction1 every comfort2 and the place of humble hope and patient resignation is supplied by melancholy1 despair1 and madness6 ,to the best minds1 credulity is the source of much misery4 ,our first ,charles1 who1 with all his errors as a king1 had the manners and mind of a gentleman1 was so much under its influence1 that he never enjoyed a day's happiness after consulting the ,sortes ,virgilian4#aaf ,in our age--an age in many respects enlightened by the beams of philosophy--the effects resulting from credulity1 superstition1 and fanaticism are dreadful2 but while the evils are contemplated with horror1 the system is too ridiculous for sober reasoning4 ,it induces the infatuated votary to believe that being in the pale of a particular church will ensure his salvation4 ,the ignorant are confounded with metaphysical subtleties which the wisest cannot comprehend2 and by combining different texts of holy writ1 we are insulted with conclusions contrary to common sense4#aag ,to check this inundation of absurdity1 which deemed carnal reason profane1 and was not to be combated by argument1 ,mr4 ,hogarth engraved this print2 it contains what must ever operate as a complete refutation of those who1 because they were his opponents in politics1 have impudently asserted that he lost his talents in the decline of life3 for though the delineation was made in his sixty-fourth year1 in satire1 wit1 and imagination1 it is superior to any of his preceding works4 ,the text ,i speak as a fool is a type of the preacher1 whose strength of lungs is a convenient substitute for strength of argument4 ,he is literally a ,boanerges2 his tones rend the region1 and the thunder of his eloquence has cracked the sounding-board4 ,his right hand poises a witch astride upon a broom-stick1 and in his left he suspends an emissary of ,satan3 this embryotic demon wields a gridiron as a terror to the ungodly1 and at the witch's breast is an incubus in the shape of a cat4#aah ,considering action as the first requisite of an orator1 our ecclesiastical juggler throws his whole frame into convulsions3 he shakes as the lofty cedar in a storm4 ,like ,milton's devil1 ,with head1 hands1 wings1 or feet1 he works his way1 ,and swims1 or sinks1 or wades1 or creeps1 or flies4 ,by these violent agitations his gown flies open1 and discovers that this ,proteus of the pulpit is arrayed in a ,harlequin's jacket2 and his wig falling off1 displays the shaven crown of a ,jesuit4 ,but the loss of a periwig is not attended to1 his denunciations are redoubled1 his fulminations hurled indiscriminately around2 he scatters about firebrands2 and darts1 pointed with destruction1 and barbed with death1 pierce the hearts of his terrified hearers4 ,wrought up to the highest pitch of seraphic fervour1 fevered by the heat of his own ecstasies1--the whole man is inspired1--and mounted upon the clouds of mystery1 he soars through the dark regions of superstition1 settles in the third heaven1 and breathes empyreal air4 ,the train is fired1--the contagion spreads1 the cup of delusion is filled to the brim1 and each of his infatuated auditors intoxicated with the fumes of enthusiastic madness4 ,broken each link of reason's chain1 ,witchcraft and magic hold their reign2 ,terror and comfortless despair1 ,and fond credulity is there4 ,circling all nature's vast profound1 ,imagination takes her round1 ,starting at spectres1--painting fairies1 ,fancy1 with all her wild vagaries1 ,dances on enchanted ground4 ,now with wings sublime she flies ,where planets roll in azure skies2 ,now o'er clouds where tempests low'r1 ,to where the rushing waters pour3 ,thence through the vasty void descends1 ,where ,chaos warring atoms blends1 ,to darksome caves of deepest hell1 ,where sullen ghosts and torturing demons dwell4 ,with a postboy's cap upon his head1 to denote that he is a special messenger from above1 a little cherubimic ,mercury flies through the clouds1 and bears in his mouth an express directed to ,saint ,money ,trapp4 ,immediately beneath the pulpit are two lambs of the flock in an ecstasy4 ,the young man with a round head of hair is probably a lay preacher2 for though he has not a sable coat1 he has a black collar4 ,piously entreating a young maiden1 who meets his advances with an holy zeal1 he puts the waxen model of a female saint down her bosom4 ,in the same pew are two fellows very differently affected3 one of them1 with a despairing countenance1 sheds iron tears2 the other1 like the wet sea-boy on the mast1 sleeps through the terrors of the storm1 though a malignant imp of darkness1 envying his serenity1 endeavours to awake him by a whisper1#aai that he also may share such curses as would serve for a supplement to ,st4 ,ernulphus4#abj ,between two duck-winged cherubs1 who are studying the laughing and crying gamut1 is the harpy clerk4 ,this crook-mouthed echo of absurdity1 and associate in villany1 has the true physiognomy of a ,tartuffe3 every feature is charged with hypocrisy4 ,the congregation1#aba many of whom have been imported from ,liffey's verdant banks1 bear their parts in this enchanting serenade2 and the bull roar of the preacher1 combined with a chorus of sighs1 groans1 and shrieks1 must produce a symphony that might vie with the ,irish howl or ,indian war-whoop4 ,among the crowd we discover a youthful convert under the guidance of his spiritual confessor1#abb who1 pointing to ,brimstone ,ocean1 unfolds a tale which terrifies his disciple to a degree that ,must harrow up his soul2 freeze his young blood2 ,make his two eyes like stars start from their spheres2 ,his knotty and combined locks to part1 ,and each particular hair to stand on end1 ,like quills upon the fretful porcupine4 ,the sanguinary ,jew1 while he leans upon an altar1 on which lies a knife inscribed bloody1 sacrifices to his revenge an unfortunate insect which he caught carelessly wandering on the environs of his head4 ,beneath is ,mrs4 ,tofts1 of ,godalming1 well known in the annals of credulity2 in the violence of her paroxysm1 she breaks a dram glass with her teeth4#abc ,next to ,mrs4 ,tofts is a possessed shoeblack1 coolly clearing his stomach of a quantity of hob-nails and iron staples4#abd ,in his hand he holds a quart bottle1 in which the model of a spirit is closely cribbed--confin'd2 but the imprisoned sprite forcing the cork1 mounts into the regions of air with a lighted taper in its hand4#abe ,the book on which our sable professor of necromancy has deposited his basket1 is ,king ,james's ,demonology2#abf this1 with ,whitfield's ,journal1 which lies among the implements of his art1 covertly intimate the sources where he had sought and found inspiration4 ,the ridicule is wound up by a ,turk1 whom we see through a window smoking his tube of ,trinidado2 lifting up his eyes with astonishment at the scene1 he breathes a grateful ejaculation1 and thanks his ,maker that he was early initiated in the divine truths of the ,koran1 is out of the pale of this church1 and has his name engraven on the tablets of ,mahomet4 ,as all the decorations which are displayed in this temple of credulity1 superstition1 and fanaticism are suitable to the congregation1 the carved figures on the pulpit are worthy of the preacher4 ,we are in the first compartment presented with the apparition which warned ,sir ,george ,villiers of the ,duke of ,buckingham's danger from the knife of ,felton2#abg in the second1 with ,julius ,csar's ghost reproaching ,brutus2 and in the third1 with the ghost of ,mrs4 ,veale1 which appeared to ,mrs4 ,bargrave1#abh--;because a very large impression of ,drelincourt upon ,death lay in the bookseller's warehouse1 and would not move without a marvellous relation of an apparition4 ,beneath is a figure of the ,tedworth drummer1 who so wickedly disturbed the family of ,mr4 ,mompesson2#abi and in the frame below1 a representation of ,fanny1 the phantom of ,cock ,lane1 with her hammer in her right hand4 ,these two notable memorials of credulity are placed as a kind of headpiece to a mental thermometer1 which ascertains the different degrees of heat in the blood of an enthusiast4 ,when the liquid ascends1 it rises from lukewarm to love-heat1--ecstasy6 convulsion fits1--madness1--and terminates in raving1 which is properly obscured by clouds1 and above the ken of human comprehension4 ,in its falling state1 the progress of religious depression is most accurately marked4 ,from low spirits it sinks to sorrow1 agony1 settled grief1 despair1 madness1--suicide6 ,the whole rests on ,wesley's ,sermons1 and ,glanville ,on ,witches4#acj ,on the preacher's left hand1 suspended to a ring inserted in a human nostril1 hangs the scale of vociferation4 ,a natural tone is at the bottom1 but the speaker's tone is described by the distended mouth above the scale1 crying ,blood6 blood6 blood6 and inscribed ,bull roar4 ,to the hook of the chandelier hangs a small sphere1 on which is engraven1 ,desarts of new ,purgatory4 ,on the globe1 out of which spring the branches for candles1 is written1 ,a globe of hell1 as newly drawn by ,r----ne 7,romaine74 ,it is so formed as to give the caricature of a human face1 and baptized ,horrid ,zone4 ,round one of the eyes is inscribed ,the ,bottomless ,pit2 round the other1 ,molten-lead ,lake4 ,on one cheek is ,brimstone ,ocean2 on the other1 ,parts ,unknown2 and round the mouth1 ,eternal ,damnation ,gulf4 ,horribly profane as are these mottoes1 they are mere copies of ,tabernacle phraseology4 ,in the same class comes the hymn1 which is placed before the clerk3 ,only love to us be given2 ,lord1 we ask no other heaven4#aca ,the poor's box is a mouse-trap1 which very fairly intimates that whatever money is deposited will be secured for the faithful collectors4 ,it may be further meant to insinuate1 that whosoever is caught in this necromantic snare will be in the state of ,sterne's starling1 and cannot get out1 for it is planted with pointed steel1 and tears in pieces those who attempt an escape4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,the ,,times4 ,,plate ,i4 ,the gods of old were logs of wood1 ,and worship was to puppets paid3 ,in antic dress the puppet stood1 ,and priests and people bow'd the head4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,times4 ,,plate ,i4 ,there are three things of which your ,englishman deems himself the best of all possible judges3 the art of stirring a fire1 religion1 and politics4 ,his infallibility in the first no one will presume to question1 except his wife2 and with her he will dispute as long as disputing is good4 ,the mysteries of the second he understands better than the ,archbishop of ,canterbury4 ,as to the intricacies of the third1 which thinking men are apt to consider in some degree hidden from those who are not admitted into the arcana1 he can unravel them with more ease1 and point out with more precision what steps ought to be taken1 than can the ,prime ,minister1 with all the aggregate wisdom of the ,cabinet4 ,so many of his ,majesty's good subjects being thus gifted with an intuitive knowledge of state affairs1 it is no wonder that ,britain holds so high a rank among the nations2 for each act of government is stated and debated1 not only in the two ,houses of ,parliament1 but in every tavern1 coffeehouse1 and porter-house in the metropolis4 ,to these eloquent leaders of the numerous clubs1 we may add a myriad of political writers1 who are all but inspired4 ,without studying either ,machiavel1 ,locke1 or ,sidney1 they pour forth a torrent of lucubrations on the floating subjects of the hour2 that hour past1 their letters1 replies1 remarks1 and rejoinders are heard of no more4 ,in the hope of giving their puny offspring a longer life1 some of these learned ,thebans1 or their booksellers1 called in the aid of artists1 to adorn their labours with taking frontispieces4 ,these graphic ornaments were in general about as lively as the pamphlets they decorated2 and it was found that the united efforts of author1 printer1 painter1 engraver1 and publisher1 could not ensure immortality4 ,notwithstanding this general failure in their intended operation1 they had one very awkward effect4 ,a sort of political influenza was communicated to our engravers1 and they also became deep statesmen and profound politicians4 ,while part of this band sharpened their burins1 and defaced much good copper in caricaturing the members of administration1 their opponents were equally industrious1 and equally pointed1 in taking off the honourable gentlemen on the other side of the house4 ,the buzzing of these insects of a day was little attended to3 their dulness preserved them from laughter1 their weakness protected them from resentment2 they excited no passion except contempt4 ,very different was the public expectation when it was found that ,hogarth intended to publish a series of political prints4 ,from his former productions they knew his powers1 and considered him as able to throw any party into ridicule4 ,that which he was expected to attack dreaded the strength of his aquafortis1 which they apprehended would have the effect of a caustic1 not only on his copper1 but on the objects of his satire4 ,previous to the publication of ,the ,times1 ,mr4 ,wilkes1 who was then at ,aylesbury1 was informed that the print was political1 and that ,lord ,temple1 ,mr4 ,pitt1 ,mr4 ,churchill1 and himself1 were the leading characters held up to ridicule4 ,under the impression which this intelligence conveyed1 he sent ,mr4 ,hogarth a remonstrance1 stating the ungenerous tendency of such a proceeding2 which would be more glaringly unfriendly1 as the two last-mentioned gentlemen and the artist had always lived upon terms of strict intimacy4 ,this produced a reply1 in which ,hogarth asserted that neither ,mr4 ,wilkes nor ,mr4 ,churchill were introduced1 but ,lord ,temple and ,mr4 ,pitt were1 and the print should be published in a few days4 ,to this it was answered1 that ,mr4 ,wilkes would hardly deem it worth while to notice any reflections on himself2 but if his friends were attacked1 it would wound him in the most sensible part1 and1 well as he was able1 he should revenge their cause4 ,this was a direct declaration of war3 the black flag was hoisted on both sides1 and never did two angry men of their abilities throw mud with less dexterity4 ,the ,times was soon after published1 and on the ,saturday following1 in ,no4 #ag of the ,north ,briton1 a most unmerciful attack was directed against the ,king's ,serjeant ,painter4 ,since that period1 marvellous have been the variations of the patriotic needle2 the ,colonel of the ,buckinghamshire ,militia has filled the first offices in the city of ,london1 and is now become chamberlain4 ,having in these situations seen the errors of his former politics1 he would1 ,i must think1 be the first to acknowledge that the attack was not only unmerciful1 but in many respects unjust4 ,the hand of time having worn down political asperities1 ,i hope--,i believe--,mr4 ,wilkes will have no objection to this nettle1 forced in the hotbed of a party1 being plucked from that hallowed sod which covers the dust of ,william ,hogarth4 ,should the artist and the chamberlain meet in ,elysium1 why may they not drink oblivion to former feuds in a glass of ,lethe8 ,the chamberlain would1 ,i fancy1 prefer champagne2 but when a gentleman travels in a strange country1 he must take up with such beverage as the place affords4 ,the attack commences with a ridicule of the ,analysis of ,beauty1 or rather of ,hogarth's honesty in acknowledging that he was indebted to a friend for a third part of the wording4 ,the artist was sensible of his own strength2 but what is much more rare1 he was conscious of his own weakness4 ,he knew the principles of his art2 but not being accustomed to explaining them with a pen1 very prudently asked the aid of those who were1 to give his ideas such language as would render them worthy public attention4 ,this was at least honest2 but as the author of the ,north ,briton presents us with only part of the apology1 let us do the artist justice by inserting the whole4 ,after some leading remarks on the system which it was his wish to establish1 he continues as follows3-- ,but observing in the fore-mentioned controversies that the torrent generally ran against me1 and that several of my opponents had turned my arguments into ridicule1 yet were daily availing themselves of their use1 and venting them even to my face as their own1 ,i began to wish the publication of something on this subject2 and accordingly applied myself to several of my friends1 whom ,i thought capable of taking up the pen for me1 offering to furnish them with materials by word of mouth4 ,but finding this method not practicable1 from the difficulty of one man's expressing the ideas of another1 especially on a subject which he was either unacquainted with1 or was new in its kind1 ,i was therefore reduced to an attempt of finding such words as would best answer my own ideas1 being now too far engaged to drop the design4 ,hereupon1 having digested the matter as well as ,i could1 and thrown it into the form of a book1 ,i submitted it to the judgment of such friends whose sincerity and abilities ,i could best rely on1 determining on their approbation or dislike to publish or destroy it4 ,but their favourable opinion of the manuscript being publicly known1 it gave such a credit to the undertaking as soon changed the countenances of those who had a better opinion of my pencil than my pen1 and turned their sneers into expectation1 especially when the same friends had kindly made me an offer of conducting the work through the press2 and here ,i must acknowledge myself particularly indebted to one gentleman for his corrections and amendments of at least a third part of the wording4 ,through his absence and avocation1 several sheets went to the press without any assistance1 and the rest had the occasional inspection of one or two friends4 ,if any inaccuracies shall be found in the writing1 ,i shall readily acknowledge them all my own1 and am1 ,i confess1 under no great concern about them1 provided the matter in general may be useful and answerable1 in the application of it1 to truth and to nature2 in which material points if the reader shall think fit to rectify any mistakes1 it will give me a sensible pleasure1 and be doing great honour to the work4--,preface to ,analysis1 p4 #bj1 edit of #aggb4 ,the author of the ,north ,briton continues3 ,we all titter the instant he takes up a pen1 but we tremble when we see the pencil in his hand4 ,as this essay was written in consequence of the artist giving a pictured shape1 it seems rather extraordinary that so good a logician as ,mr4 ,wilkes should drag in ,hogarth's pen merely to titter at1 and acknowledge that he trembles at his pencil1 which instrument1 by the way1 drew forth this paper3-- ,i will do him the justice to say1 that he possesses the rare talent of gibbeting in colours1 and that in most of his works he has been a very good moral satirist4 ,that he has1 it is most true4 ,his forte is there1 and he should have kept it4 ,when he has at any time deviated from his own peculiar walk1 he has never failed to make himself perfectly ridiculous4 ,i need only make my appeal to any one of his historical or portrait pieces1 which are now considered as almost beneath all criticism4 ,some of his portraits might have been exempted from this censure3 what does ,mr4 ,wilkes think of ,captain ,coram1 now in the ,foundling ,hospital8 ,the favourite ',sigismunda1' the labour of so many years1 the boasted effort of his art1 was not human4 ,if the figure had a resemblance of anything ever on earth1 or had the least pretence to meaning or expression1 it was what he had seen1 or perhaps made1 in real life1 his own wife in an agony of passion1 but of what passion no connoisseur could guess4 ,after asserting that the figure was not human1 this is rather too much6 ,from any gentleman1 the daughter of ,sir ,james ,thornhill had a claim to more politeness2 but that so gallant a man as ,colonel ,wilkes--a perfect knight-errant in all that related to the sex--should make an estimable and respectable woman a party in the poor politics of the day1 and descend to low personal abuse 7,i use his own language71 because her husband had in these poor politics adopted an opposite creed1 excites astonishment6 ,had this transaction passed in the year #agia1 instead of the year #agfb1 it would have been less extraordinary2 for1 alas1 ,the days of chivalry are no more4#acb ,all his friends remember what tiresome discourses were held by him1 day after day1 about the transcendent merit of this ',sigismunda1' and how the great names of ,raphael1 ,vandyke1 and others1 were made to yield the palm of beauty1 grace1 expression1 etc4 to him1 for this long-laboured yet uninteresting single figure4 ,the value he himself set on this1 as well as on some other of his works1 almost exceeds belief2 yet from politeness1 or fear1 or some other motives1 he has actually been paid the most astonishing sums1 as the price1 not of his merit1 but of his unbounded vanity4 ,that the artist demanded too high a price for his painting of ,sigismunda1 ,i am free to acknowledge2 but it has not been peculiar to ,mr4 ,hogarth to mistake his talents1 and overrate his worst performances4 ,mr4 ,wilkes must know that ,milton1 and many other great men1 have erred in the same way4 ,i do not think that ,sigismunda was worth what he required2 but that he has actually been paid the most astonishing sums for his other pictures1 as the price1 not of his merit1 but of his unbounded vanity1 ,i am yet to learn4 ,the remuneration he received for many of his works is to be found in these volumes2 it was seldom in any degree equal to their merits4 ,the painter is no more1 but several of his pictures remain2 and were the ,marriage la ,mode1 ,rake's ,progress1 etc41 now upon sale1 the present age would1 ,i am persuaded1 sanction my opinion1 and the pictures produce much more astonishing sums than were originally paid to the artist4 ,he has succeeded very happily in the way of humour1 and has miscarried in every other attempt2 this has arisen in some measure from his head1 but much more from his heart4 ,after ',marriage la ,mode1' the public wished for a series of prints of a ,happy ,marriage4 ,hogarth made the attempt2 but the rancour and malevolence of his mind made him soon turn away with envy and disgust from objects of so pleasing contemplation1 to dwell1 and feast a bad heart1 on others of a hateful cast1 which he pursued1 for he found them congenial1 with the most unabating zeal and unrelenting gall4 ,should any one assert that the strength of colouring1 and astonishing powers1 which gave the name of ,churchill so exalted a rank among satirists1 originated in malevolence and rancour1 and that he could not write a panegyric because he delighted in feasting a bad heart on a bad theme1 ,mr4 ,wilkes would1 ,i am certain1 be the first to defend him from such an aspersion4 ,that he did not succeed in an attempt to delineate a ,happy ,marriage1 ,i can readily believe4 ,hogarth was a painter of manners as they were1 not as they ought to be4 ,he considered nature in the abstract1 and usually adhered to what he saw4 ,among those friends with whom ,hogarth lived in habits of intimacy1 and whose domestic situations he had the best opportunity of studying1--though ,mr4 ,churchill and the ,colonel were of the number1--he might not know a family from whence such a scene could be copied4 ,i have observed some time his setting sun4 ,he has long been very dim1 and almost shorn of his beams4 ,for a confirmation of the above assertion1 see the print of ,the ,medley1 published this very year4 ,my opinion of it the reader is already in possession of1 and that opinion corresponds with an authority which1 ,i believe1 even ,mr4 ,wilkes will consider as very high3--,for useful and deep satire1 ',the ,medley' is the most sublime of all ,hogarth's works4--,walpole4 ,he seems so conscious of this 7i4e4 that his sun is setting1 etc47 that he now glimmers with borrowed light4 ',john ,bull's house in flames' has been hackneyed in fifty different prints2 and if there is any merit in the figure on stilts1 and the mob prancing around1 it is not to be ascribed to ,hogarth1 but to ,callot4 ,callot's was1 ,i acknowledge1 the first thought1 but ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds will tell ,mr4 ,wilkes that happy appropriation is not plagiarism4 ,i own1 too1 that ,i am grieved to see the genius of ,hogarth1 which should take in all ages and countries1 sunk to a level with the miserable tribe of party-etchers1 and now in his rapid decline entering into the poor politics of the faction of the day1 and descending into low personal abuse1 instead of instructing the world1 as he could once1 by manly moral satire4 ,i too am grieved that ,hogarth1 or any other man of talents1 should descend to the poor politics of the faction of the day4 ,but be it remarked1 that this was the first political print he designed2 and if so contemptible as it was before stated to be1 it is rather singular that this one little satire1 the first he engraved on the subject1 and destitute of every kind of original merit1 in every part confused1 perplexed1 and embarrassed1 where the story is not well told to the eye1 and where we cannot discover the faintest ray of genius1 should excite so warm a resentment4 ,mr4 ,wilkes goes on to ask1 ,whence can proceed so surprising a change8 ,is it from the frowardness of old age8 or is it that envy and impatience of resplendent merit in every way1 at which he has always sickened8 ,how often has he been remarked to droop at the fair and honest applause given even to a friend8 etc4 ,i am told1 by those who lived in habits of intimacy with ,mr4 ,hogarth--never6 ,but let us remember1 that what is deemed fair and honest applause by the person who receives it1 may by an impartial spectator be thought more than he is entitled to4 ,it is sufficient that the rest of mankind applaud2 from that moment he begins the attack1 and you never can be well with him1 till he hears an universal outcry against you1 and till all your friends have given you up4 ,that ,hogarth should have wished to render a man infamous in the eyes of society1 before he would admit him to the honour of his regards1 is a paradox ,i cannot solve4 ,i believe this kind of preparation for friendship was never practised by any other person1 of any age or country4 ,the public had never the least share of ,hogarth's regard1 or even goodwill4 ,gain and vanity have steered his little bark quite through life4 ,he has never been consistent but with respect to these two principles4 ,hogarth was no hypocrite4 ,by the word public1 is frequently meant that party who are immersed in the violent factions of the day4 ,for them he never professed goodwill4 ,but if by the public is meant society in its various branches and different ranks1 almost all his works had as great a tendency to make the world wiser and better1 as had those of men who made more violent professions4 ,his little bark having been steered through life by gain and vanity1 ,i hardly know how to understand4 ,he lived a long and laborious life2 he was admitted to be the first1 the very first1 in his walk2 and died worth a sum that a ,jew broker will acquire before breakfast4 ,as to vanity1--of talents superior to any other artist1--he had a right to be vain4 ,but all genius was not born1 nor will it die1 with ,mr4 ,hogarth2 and notwithstanding all his ungenerous efforts to damp or chill it in another1 ,i will trust to a discerning and liberal spirit in the ,english nation to patronize and reward all real merit4 ,it will in the end rise superior to the idle laugh of the hour1 etc4 ,of this discerning and liberal spirit there is not a stronger instance than the estimation in which ,hogarth's works1 not excepting the ,analysis 7however it may be worded71 are held thirty years after the publication of the ,north ,briton4 ,in the year #agdf1 when the ,guards were ordered to march to ,finchley on the most important service they could be employed in1--the extinguishing a ,scottish rebellion which threatened the entire ruin of the illustrious family on the throne1 and1 in consequence1 of our liberties1--,mr4 ,hogarth came out with a print to make them ridiculous#acc to their countrymen1 and to all ,europe2 or1 perhaps1 it rather was to tell the ,scots1 in his way1 how little the ,guards were to be feared1 and that they might safely advance4 ,that the ridicule might not stop here1 and that it might be as offensive as possible to his own sovereign1 he dedicated the print to the ,king of ,prussia1 as an encourager of arts4 ,is this patriotism8 ,in old ,rome1 or in any of the ,grecian ,states1 he would have been punished as a profligate citizen1 totally devoid of all principle4 ,these are heavy charges2 but mark how a plain tale shall put them down4 ,from the effects which are described as likely to result from this most seditious print1 we are tempted to think it must have been designed1 etched1 engraved1 printed off1 and dispersed with so much expedition as to arrive in ,scotland before the ,guards whom it holds up to ridicule2 for one of its designs was to tell the ,scots1 in his way1 how little the ,guards were to be feared1 and that they might safely advance4 ,the march was in #agdf1 and the publication of this print in #agej2 therefore#acd it could not have these most direful and dangerous effects6 ,that he dedicated it to the ,king of ,prussia1 as an encourager of arts1 is true2 but this dedication was not inserted until another had been rejected1 because it was misunderstood by the ,king of ,england2 and ,george the ,second1 with all his virtues1 was neither a judge of humour nor an encourager of the arts4 ,these premises granted1 ,i think we may fairly draw this conclusion3 ,had old ,hogarth been a citizen of old ,rome1 or a member of any of the ,grecian ,states1 and published such a representation of his own times1 he would not have been punished as a profligate citizen3 he would neither have been flagellated1 impaled1 decollated1 nor thrown from the ,tarpeian rock2 but his print would have been laughed at by every member of the ,state who had the least ray of humour1 though--as in some cases that we have seen--the length of a grave orator's beard might hide the risible emotions of his muscles1 and the amplitude of his robe conceal the shaking of his sides4 ,to detail the conclusion of this paper1 about the dishonour of his being appointed pannel-painter to the ,king1 never suffered to caricature any of the royal family1 etc41 is scarcely necessary4 ,if the appointment was less respectable than his merits demanded1 the disgrace did not fall upon him2 but be it remarked1 that the office was afterwards held by ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds2 and however elevated his taste1 however superior his talents1 his genius was long distinguished and admired by the public before he had the honour of taking the portraits of their ,majesties4 ,trusting that ,hogarth's own works will sufficiently ascertain his character1 ,i shall not attempt his further vindication1 but proceed to the print4 ,a globe1 which must here be considered as the world1 though it appears to be no more than a tavern sign1 is represented on fire1 and ,mr4 ,pitt1 exalted on stilts1 which are held by the surrounding multitude1 blowing up the flames with a pair of large bellows4#ace ,his attendants are composed of butchers1 with marrow-bones and cleavers1 an hallooing mob armed with clubs1 and a trio of ,london aldermen in the act of adoration4 ,from the neck of this idol of the populace is suspended a millstone1 on which is inscribed #cjjj per annum1 allusive to his pension1 and intimating that so ponderous a load must in time sink his popularity4#acf ,while he is thus increasing the conflagration1 a number of ,highlanders1#acg grenadiers1 sailors1 etc41 are busily working a fire-engine to extinguish it4 ,the pipe is guided by a ,union ,office fireman at the top4 ,defended by an iron cap1 and decorated with a badge inscribed ,g4 ,r41 this intrepid engineer pays no regard to three streams of water which are furiously driven at his rear from the windows of the ,temple ,coffeehouse4 ,the ,liliputian engines1 through which these tiny showers descend1 are directed by a nobleman and two garretteers4 ,an inscription over the door determines the title of the former1 who is delineated without features3 the two gentlemen in the attic were1 ,i believe1 originally intended for ,mr4 ,wilkes and ,mr4 ,churchill1 but previous to publication the faces were altered4#ach ,a surplice is still left on the figure over ,lord ,temple1 and the ,colonel's coat is lapelled4 ,upon a sign-iron beneath them is a slaughterman1#aci with a lighted candle in his hat1 and a large knife in his pocket2 thus intimating that he is ready either to fire a city or murder a citizen4 ,mounted to the situation he now occupies by a ladder1 he is drawing up a sign of the ,patriot's ,arms1 and in this good work is assisted by two strong-sinewed coadjutors1 who are dragging the ropes to which it is suspended4 ,the blazonry is four clenched fists in opposition to each other2 the date1 #agfb4adj ,this curious delineation will be placed in the front of the ,temple ,coffeehouse1 for the world to wonder at4 ,the ,newcastle ,arms1 nearly broken down1 bears allusion to the ,duke's resignation4#ada ,a ,highlander1 carrying two buckets of water from the fire-plug to the engine1 is likely to be impeded by a fellow with a wheelbarrow full of political papers1 which are intended to feed the flames4 ,this type of the distressed poet1 said to be intended as a representative of the ,duke of ,newcastle1 endeavours to overset the ,scot1 and burst the engine-pipe by the same operation4 ,wholly engrossed by avarice1 the crafty ,dutchman1 with a hand in each pocket and a pipe in his mouth1 sits on his bales of goods1 and laughs at the destruction raging around him4 ,a fox1 fair emblem of his cunning1 is creeping out of a kennel beneath4 ,close to him is a patriotic trumpeter1 blowing the spirit-stirring tube1 and pointing to a show-cloth1 on which is painted a wild ,indian4 ,by the magisterial robe in which this trumpeter is arrayed1 and the city arms on the banner of his windy instrument1 he is decisively intended to personify ,mr4 ,alderman ,beckford1 thrice ,lord ,mayor of ,london4 ,beneath the savage to whom he points1 is written1 ,alive from ,america4 ,this grotesque figure is placed before two tobacco hogsheads1 grasps in each hand a purse inscribed #ajjj1 and has tied round him1 so as to form a sort of ,indian dress1 eight or ten little bags equally well filled4 ,his countenance leads us to judge that he delights in the devastation by which he is a gainer2 and seems to imply that our ,american brethren1 like our ,amsterdam allies1 were eager to furnish friend or foe with the product of their respective countries4 ,it may further intimate the ,alderman's immense riches1 and that a leading article of his trade was tobacco4 ,a table clock1 inscribed ,airs by ,harrington1 representing a company of soldiers in a regular march1 has an evident allusion to the military doctrine of man being a machine4 ,the ,norfolk jig1 ,g4 ,t4 fecit1 hints at the ,norfolk ,militia1 and ,mr4 ,george ,townshend1 who paid unremitting attention to the discipline and appearance of the corps raised in ,norfolk4 ,the ,post ,office1 painted on a cracked board fastened against the wall1 may possibly signify the office of ,postmaster-,general being then divided4#adb ,in the opposite corner of the print1 surrounded by his miserable and famished subjects1 sits the heroic ,frederick of ,prussia4 ,regardless of their distress1 and unmoved by their cries1 tears1 and execrations--like ,nero1 who fiddled while ,rome burnt--he is lost to every feeling1 except those which arise from the fine tones of his ,cremona4 ,the effects resulting from his insatiable thirst of glory are not confined to his own subjects4 ,fired by vaulting ambition1 he scatters destruction through surrounding states2 depopulates provinces1 and lays waste kingdoms1 to prove himself--a philosopher4 ,how far the rest of the figures in this group may refer to particular persons or nations1 ,i cannot determine4 ,the female1 with clasped hands and eyes raised to heaven1 has been supposed to be intended for the ,empress ,queen2 a venerable matron1 stealing away with a trunk under her arm1 for the late ,empress of ,russia1 ,frederick's most inveterate enemy1 who ended her earthly reign on the #b;d of ,january #agfb4 ,they may be so intended1 though ,i must acknowledge ,i do not discover anything which will wholly establish the supposition1 but am more inclined to consider them as merely exemplifying the horrors of war4 ,the fleur-de-lis hung from one of the houses in flames1 and the black eagle from the other1 sufficiently indicate the powers intended to be pointed out4 ,the sign of the ,salutation alludes to the treaty between ,france and ,spain1 for the dexter figure is ,louis ,baboon2 and the sinister1 ,lord ,strut4 ,the flames rage with so much violence as to prevent the fluttering dove from alighting on any of the buildings2 notwithstanding which1 this bird of peace1 with an olive branch1 hovers over them in the midst of ascending smoke4 ,the exact point of time is determined by the waggon1 inscribed ,hermione1 in the background4#adc ,such is my general idea of the preceding plate2#add there may be those who will discover many things which ,i do not see1 and which possibly never entered into the contemplation of the artist4 ,as the whole alludes to the politics of his own day1 all the characters introduced were his contemporaries1 and several of them had been his intimate friends1 he might intentionally leave some parts obscure2#ade or conceiving his meaning sufficiently obvious to those who lived at the time1 forget that it would become impervious to posterity4 ,i have before observed that in allegory he was not happy2 and the dissimilar combinations here brought together are a proof of the assertion4 ,soldiers and sailors1 whose business it is to increase the flames of war1 carrying water to extinguish them1 is not quite consonant to our general ideas of their dispositions4 ,highlanders1 being universally considered as the soldiers of ,europe1 make but an awkward appearance in the character of peacemakers4 ,a sign of the globe on fire1 flames bursting out of the ,globe ,tavern and three other buildings1 with each an alehouse sign1 to explain what nations are meant1 borders upon the bathos4 ,another nation personified by the sovereign fiddling to his expiring subjects1 is not a bad thought1 but here it is incongruous4 ,it has not that general unison with the other parts of the picture which either writing or painting demands4 ,separated from the accompaniments1 this group might have made a good print2 with the ,globe ,tavern1 the ,temple ,coffeehouse1 the garretteers1 and the aldermen1 it does not assimilate4 ,my last remark ,i shall take the liberty of borrowing from ,mr4 ,wilkes1 for in this one point ,i have the honour of agreeing with him3 ,the print is too much crowded with figures4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,the ,times are out of joint4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,times4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,a painter engaging in the political disputes of his day1 is in a situation similar to a gentleman beginning to rebuild a family mansion4 ,the pencil of one1 dipped in these troubled streams1 or the fingers of the other but touch-brick and mortar1--it is not in the tables of ,de ,moivre to calculate the conclusion of their labours4 ,each of them sets out upon a certain plan1 determines that he will go so far1 and no further3 but the gentleman is induced to make a first addition to his original plan1 because it will be more convenient2 a second1 because it will be magnifique2 and a third and fourth must be1 because without them the building will not be uniform4 ,the artist engraves a political print1 which raises an host of enemies1 who buzz about him like a nest of disturbed hornets4 ,to them1 wording not being the painter's province1 he replies by a second print1 which produces a second volume of abuse2 another and another still succeeds1 and he must either sink under this load of obloquy1 or devote the residue of his days to the defence of his character4 ,such at least was the political progress of ,hogarth4 ,by his first print of ,the ,times he roused two very formidable adversaries1 and they treated him with as much ceremony as two deputies from the ,bow ,street magistrates would an incendiary or an assassin4 ,they did not consider him as a man whose conduct it was needful to investigate1 or whose opinions it was necessary to confute1 but as a criminal1 whose aggravated crimes had outraged every law of society1 and whom they would therefore drag to the place of execution4 ,to defend himself from these furious assailants1 he had no shield but a copperplate1 no weapons but a pencil and a burin4 ,the use he made of them may be seen in the two last prints2 but though this was engraved during the time of the contest1 it was not published while he lived4 ,whether a sudden change in politics1 a supposed ambiguity in part of his design1 or the advice of judicious or timid friends1 induced him to suppress his work1 cannot now be ascertained2 but whatever were the reasons1 his widow's respect for his memory induced her to adopt the same conduct4 ,she retained a reverence for even the dust of her husband1 and dreaded its being raked from the sepulchre where he had been quietly inurned1 mixed with the poisonous aconite of party1 and by sacrilegious hands cast into the agitated cauldron of politics4 ,if we add to this the specimen of political candour which she had experienced in her own person1 can we wonder that she cautiously avoided whatever could be tortured into a provocation to the renewal of hostilities8 ,from these considerations she never suffered more than one impression to be taken1 and that was struck off at the earnest request of ,lord ,exeter4 ,in withholding this plate from the public she acted prudently2 in attempting to describe it1 ,i may be thought to act otherwise4 ,to enter into a discrimination of characters who now live1 or step upon ashes which are not yet cold1 is liable to invidious construction4 ,let it be remembered1 that though ,i have endeavoured to point out the characters delineated by ,hogarth1 it does not follow that my explanation will always be right4 ,though several of the figures are marked in a style so obtrusive that they cannot be mistaken1 there are others where ,i can only guess at the originals4 ,from those who were engaged in the politics of that day ,i have sought information1 but their communications have been neither important nor consistent with each other4 ,they generally ended in an acknowledgment1 that in thirty years they had forgotten much which they once knew1 and which1 if now recollected1 would materially elucidate4 ,to this was added what ,i am compelled to admit1 that parts of the print are obscure4 ,i have before observed that neither politics nor allegory were ,hogarth's forte1 and this delineation was made under the impression of resentment4 ,the exact time of its being engraved ,i cannot positively ascertain1 but conjecture it must have been some time in the year #agfb4 ,a small part of the sky was left unfinished1 and in that state still remains1 as the present proprietors would not suffer any other engraver to draw a line on the copperplate of ,hogarth4 ,on a pedestal in the centre of the print is a statue of the present ,king in his coronation robes1 inscribed ,a ,ramsay delt2 his right hand is placed on his side1 and the left leans upon a plummet1 which seems to have been ,mr4 ,ramsay's guide in the delineation2 for the drapery is in squares1 decided as the ground glass stopper of a decanter1 and the whole figure is composed of straight lines4 ,of these upright figures ,hogarth had given his opinion in the ,analysis2#adf and ,mr4 ,ramsay being portrait-painter to his ,majesty1 a post ,hogarth thought himself better qualified to fill1 he took this opportunity of throwing his manner into ridicule4#adg ,the head of a lion in bas relief with a leaden pipe in his mouth1#adh being on the front of the pedestal1 intimates its connection with a reservoir2 and the royal statue on the top denotes this to be the fountain of honour4 ,the able-bodied figure turning a fire-plug is evidently intended for ,lord ,bute2 his employment seems to intimate that he has the power of accelerating or retarding the stream of royal bounty1 and wheresoever he willeth it shall flow1 there it floweth4 ,a baronial escutcheon1 keys1 stars1 coronets1 croziers1 mitres1 maces1 lie close to the pedestal1 around which are placed a number of garden pots with shrubs4 ,two rose trees most plentifully sprinkled by streams from the fountain of favour have been originally inscribed ,james ,,iii42 but ,james being now blotted out1 ,george is put above it1 and by a little hyphen beneath the lowest figure1 marked as belonging to the lowest line4 ,three orange trees have the initials ,g4 ,r41 and beneath the letters is inscribed ,republican4 ,these also receive drops of favour2 but a large laurel planted in a capacious vase1 raised upon the base of a pillar1 and inscribed ,culloden1 is watered by the dew of heaven1--by a copious shower poured from the urn of ,aquarius4 ,besides these six flourishing plants1 there are a number of yew and box trees1 clipped into true taste by a ,dutch gardener4 ,some of them retain their old situations1 but an active labourer is busily clearing the grounds of all these ancient formalities4 ,many of them he has already wheeled out of their places1 and thrown into the ditch that surrounds the platform1 into which situation he is now tumbling two venerable box trees of a most orderly and regular cut3 each of them having the letters ,g4 ,r41 may apply to the favourites either of ,george the ,first or ,second4 ,this ,i suppose is meant to express1 by an allegorical figure1 the great number of old place-men who resigned on the accession of his present ,majesty4 ,the late ,henry ,fox1 afterwards ,lord ,holland1 being at that time a leading character in the ,house of ,commons1 and deemed the partisan of ,lord ,bute1 is here represented as removing these antiquated plants from the vivifying hothouse of royalty to the cold and dank ditch of despair4 ,hogarth1 not thinking a sable countenance and ebon eyebrows would sufficiently indicate the person meant1 has given the outline of a fox's head to his cap4 ,in his reforming business he is somewhat impeded by a garden roller1 on which is written #a1jjj1jjj1jjj1 meaning possibly the national debt4 ,on the platform lies a broom1 shovel1 and rake1 necessary implements in clearing gardens2 and in the surrounding fosse such a collection of fantastic nevergreens1 as decked the pleasure-grounds of our ancient sovereigns1 trimm'd with nice art1 and cut into the shapes of pyramids1 fortifications1 globes1 and birds4 ,on one of them1 clipped into the form of a human head1 is a mask1 well expressing the taste of our ancestors4 ,it is observable that ,lord ,bute and ,mr4 ,henry ,fox are the only persons on the platform3 one of these gentlemen was1 ,i believe1 supposed to have the highest confidence of his sovereign2 and the other1 a most powerful influence over the people's representatives4 ,a group in the dexter corner is principally made up of members of the ,upper ,house4 ,a senatorial figure in the chair under the king's arms is intended for ,sir ,john ,cust1 then ,speaker4 ,that beneath him1 wiping his forehead1 evidently from perturbation of mind1 for ,william ,duke of ,cumberland4 ,below him is ,lord ,mansfield1 and still lower ,lord ,temple1 presenting his snuff-box to his ,grace of ,newcastle1 who had a short time before joined the opposition4 ,we also recognise ,earl ,winchelsea1 and ,george ,doddington1 afterwards ,lord ,melcombe4 ,who are intended to be hinted at by a number of persons asleep1 ,i do not know3 it1 however1 proves that there were at that period men who were not to be kept awake by the most important interests of their country4 ,had this print borne relation to the orators of #agij instead of the speakers of #agfb1 there would have been no cause for astonishment4 ,considering the hour at which our present race of senators meet to do business1 and that one oration frequently lasts from the twilight of evening to the crowing of the cock1 could it excite wonder if half the assembly were under the dominion of ,somnus before what one of our fashionable prints so familiarly calls the peroration8 ,on the other side of a rail1 intended1 ,i believe1 to divide the ,commons from the ,lords1 are a number of figures firing at the emblem of ,peace1 which is fluttering in the air near the signs of the zodiac4 ,mr4 ,pitt we are enabled to identify1 not only by his features1 but by his gouty legs4 ,his gun has much the longest barrel1 and while he fires it off he prudently turns away his face1 fearing a flash in the pan may scorch his eyebrows2 or perhaps acting as a waterman1 looking one way and rowing another4 ,a figure behind him discharges a blunderbuss2 and in the sinister hand of one immediately before him is a horse-pistol4 ,the household artillery of all the band 7and from the smoke which is diffused over the centre of the group it appears they are numerous7 is directed to the same object4 ,one prudent personage1 a little before ,mr4 ,pitt1 seems to be in the act of desertion2 for though yet seated on the gunpowder bench1 he has got his head under the rail1 and is half on the other side4 ,this may be pointed at one of that class who go under the denomination of ,trimmers1 or may intimate that the gentleman is in the way of getting a place or a peerage2 but what is his name1 or was his future title1 ,i am not enough read in the red book#adi to determine4 ,the next figure resembles ,henry ,bilson ,legge4 ,a hand with an ear-trumpet may perhaps allude to ,lord ,chesterfield1 whose deafness was at this period proverbial4 ,two figures above him are distinguished1 one by a muff1 and the other by a pair of spectacles2 to whom related1 or by whom begot1 baffles my conjecture3 the lowest figure has a resemblance to the first ,lord ,holland1 but he is exhibited on the platform4 ,a dog immediately behind ,lord ,bute1 having his eye fixed on the urn of ,aquarius1 ,i suppose to be barking at the shower which pours on the laurel inscribed ,culloden4 ,he is a ,caledonian cur1 and on his collar is written the word ,mercy1 allusive1 perhaps1 to the cruelties said to have been exercised in ,scotland in #agde1 which accounts for the natives of that country thinking the ,duke had more liberal rewards and more distinguished honours than he fairly merited4 ,thus much must suffice for the dignified personages who then drove the state machine3 to regret that ,i cannot point out more of the characters would be useless4 ,i am not deeply studied in the political history of that day2 to those who are1 must be delegated the task of more particular explanation4 ,the two most distinguished persons in the opposite group are exalted to the pillory4 ,over a figure of ,fanny the ,phantom1 who is dressed in a white sheet1 the engraver has written ,conspiracy4 ,in one hand she holds a small hammer1 and in the other a lighted taper1 with which she sets fire to a ,north ,briton that is fastened on the breast of ,esquire ,wilkes1 above whose head is written ,defamation4 ,the patriot is depicted with a most rueful countenance and empty pockets4 ,on the steps below are such a company as we generally see assembled on these great occasions4 ,two ,highlanders1 one of whom is grasping a purse1 and with most significant grin pointing to the profane cheeld who had dared to abuse his clan1 and reprinted ,howell's ,description of ,scotland3#aej by his belt and lapels he appears to be military1 and is perhaps meant for ,colonel ,martin4 ,close to him is a ,liliputian chimney-sweeper1 and a fellow blowing a cow's horn with force that gives a ,boreas-like distension to his cheeks4#aea ,this resounding clangour is softened by the cheering notes of the sweet-sounding violin1 while the growling bagpipe gives a thorough bass to the whole4 ,still further to keep up the spirits of the company1 a woman is retailing gin from a keg inscribed with the two initials ,j4 ,w41 and a schoolboy amusing himself1 la ,teniers1 with ,mr4 ,wilkes' shoes4 ,to complete his degradation1 the ,bishop's ,abigail so skilfully trundles her well-soaked mop1 that he enjoys the full benefit of her mud-coloured drops4 ,the group behind is partly made up of ,british sailors and soldiers1 each of whom exhibit a most melancholy spectacle of the fortune of war4 ,one lion-hearted veteran1 having had both legs and arms lopped off in the service of his country1 has his oak-like trunk borne to the borders of the platform upon a porter's knot1#aeb where1 with three other disabled warriors1 he waits in the hope of catching a few drops from the fountain of honour2 but alas6 the stream which ascends from a fire-plug behind the gate falls on the heads of a mob who are in the background4 ,some of these may possibly be cripples1 for a crutch as well as several bludgeons is flourished in the air4 ,at a window1 over which is painted ,dr4 ,cant's1 and ,man ,midwife1 a bishop is confirming two adults by the imposition of hands4 ,whether by this representation the artist intended to hint that this father of the church confirmed them in their political errors1 the reader must determine according to his political creed2 but thus far we may venture to decide1 ,doctor ,thomas ,seeker1 then ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 was the person intended to be delineated4 ,at the rooms where the ,society for ,encouragement of ,arts1 ,manufactures1 and ,commerce then met1 a number of persons1 by the help of a crane1 are dragging up a large silver palette1 on which is written ,premium4 ,the man instructing the workmen is1 ,i believe1 intended for ,mr4 ,peter ,templeman1 then ,secretary to the ,society2 as one of the figures in the first floor is probably ,lord ,romney1 then their ,president4 ,behind this we discover the ,new ,church in the ,strand2 and on the opposite side a triumphal column2 a structure with the word ,hospital inscribed on the front1 and a scaffolding1 with workmen completing a very large new building4 ,these1 ,i apprehend1 ,hogarth intended as descriptive of the great things which were to be undertaken and carried on during the reign of a monarch who gloried in the name of ,briton4 ,that the workmen and scaffolding bear allusion to those extensive and ponderous premises now known by the name of ,somerset ,place1 there can be little doubt3 the artist1 with an eye of prophetic anticipation1 has placed his scaffolding nearly on the spot where the building now stands2#aec and conscious of the time it must take to pile up such a quantity of stone1 has not represented it built1 but building4 ,the figure of ,lord ,bute is a strong likeness1 and in the turn of head very similar to ,ramsay's portrait which ,mr4 ,ryland engraved4 ,pointing out the first ,lord ,holland by making the outline of his cap in the form of a fox's head1 is a whimsical idea4 ,even the sculptured lion's shaggy front has strong markings4 ,he is by no means pleased with the distribution of those honours that he is made a party in bestowing1 but goes through his business with a very wry face4 ,to the poor maimed sailors and soldiers1 ,callot could not have given much more spirit4 ,though upon so small a scale1 they have all the hardihood of their order2 and both in them and the elevated party#aed on the opposite side1 variety and distinction of character is accurately and nicely discriminated4 ,,john ,,wilkes1 ,,esq4 ,drawn from the ,life1 and etched in aquafortis1 by ,william ,hogarth4 ,published according to ,act of ,parliament1 ,may #af1 #agfc4 ,enough of ,patriots1--all ,i ask of man ,is only to be honest as he can4 ,some have deceiv'd1 and some may still deceive1 ',tis the fool's curse at random to believe4 ,would those who1 by opinion plac'd on high1 ,stand fair and perfect in their country's eye1 ,maintain that honour1--let me in their ear ,hint this essential doctrine--,,persevere4 --,,churchill4 ,illustration3 ,,john ,,wilkes ,,esq,r4 ,the bitter satire upon ,hogarth's domestic habits1 talents1 taste1 originality1 and orthography1 which has been before noticed1 would have discomposed a less irritable man1 and warranted any retaliation in the power of the pencil2 but he seems to have felt little uneasiness1 and under a conviction that the overcharged blunderbuss which had been aimed at him had burst in the explosion and wounded his assailant more than himself1 did not think it necessary to point fire-arms at an adversary whose intemperate zeal had defeated his avowed purpose4 ,under the influence of these impressions1 the artist has not attempted to be severe2 nor can ,i comprehend upon what ground this plate has been denominated a satire1 for it is not a caricature1 but a very accurate and striking resemblance1 with the identical accompaniments which ,i most firmly believe ,mr4 ,wilkes would at that time have chosen as the decorations of his portrait4 ,the cap of liberty1 ,heaven-descended1 godlike liberty1 above his head1 and two political papers which he acknowledged himself to have written1 on his right hand4 ,one of these papers is marked with that memorable number1 which was in its day a kind of shibboleth to the party4#aef ,on the same table with the two ,north ,britons is a pen and ink1 importing that the person delineated is an author1 a character the ,colonel could hardly be ashamed of4 ,these premises granted to the artist1--and ,the very head and front of his offending ,hath this extent1 no more1-- what crime has he committed8 ,he has given an engraving1 which cannot indeed be considered as a compliment1 because it is not a flattering likeness2 but ,i do not see why it should have been received as a sarcasm4 ,if we add to this the time when1 and place where1 it was taken2 if we consider how glorious the situation6--how interesting the moment6--it is delineating a general at the instant of victory2 and so far from bearing any marks of satire1 that it might be almost mistaken for a panegyric4 ,to say the truth1 though his friend ,churchill has thrown the picture into shadow1 and given only the dark tints1 ,mr4 ,wilkes seemed willing enough to receive it as such2#aeg and ,i am informed1 frequently told his friends that he every day grew into a stronger resemblance4 ,the pleasant and philosophic indifference with which he spoke of it at the time1 did honour to his good humour and his good sense4 ,he declared himself very little concerned about the case of his soul1 as he was only tenant for life1 and that the best apology for his person was1 that he did not make himself4#aeh ,such was the style of ,mr4 ,wilkes4 ,as to ,mr4 ,churchill1 his temper must have forsaken him2 and every circumstance taken into the account1 when describing this transaction1 he seems to have forgotten that satire ought to be at least seasoned with truth4 ,brilliant diction1 animated verse1 and high-sounding words1 are very apt to impose4 ,churchill's is a muse of fire1 and dazzles the eye like the sun in its meridian splendour2 it fascinates the mind1 and carries the most sober reason into the airy regions of imagination4 ,this considered1 before ,i insert his bitter satire1 it will be but fair to give a candid and dispassionate relation of that which provoked it4 ,when ,mr4 ,wilkes was the second time brought from the ,tower to ,westminster ,hall1 and had in one day an honourable acquittal1 an universal acclamation1 and a proud triumph1 ,mr4 ,hogarth attended in the court of ,common ,pleas1 and1 as was his constant custom1 carried a port-crayon in his pocket4 ,surrounded by a crowd of spectators1 who came to see how the cause would terminate1 he took a portrait of ,mr4 ,wilkes3 delineated a patriot at the moment when he was in his own person asserting the cause of liberty1 and by his own trial ascertaining the law of his country4 ,but1 replies an advocate for ,mr4 ,wilkes1 ,hogarth certainly intended to make a caricature4#aei ,to this ,i have no other answer than pointing to the print1 which1 being compared with the original1 will prove to every dispassionate inquirer what it is my wish to establish1 i4e4 that it has been mistaken for a caricature1 from the world knowing the provocation which ,hogarth had previously received1 and which every man felt would have justified the most severe retaliation4 ,what6 ,consider it as a satire to hand down to posterity a patriot at the moment of inspiration6 ,while every breast caught the holy flame of liberty1 and all his fellow-citizens were animated in his cause1 for they knew it to be their own cause1 that of their country1 and of its laws4 ,it was declared to be so a few hours afterwards by the unanimous sentence of the ,judges of that ,court2 and they were all present4 ,from the style in which the bard relates this transaction1 a plain reader would be tempted to think that ,hogarth had stolen into ,westminster ,hall with a quiver full of poisoned arrows hung to his girdle1 and1 like a murderous ruffian1 hid himself behind the arras1 that he might seize the first opportunity of assassinating this paragon of patriotism4 ,when ,wilkes1 our countryman1 our common friend1 ,arose1 his king1 his country to defend2 ,when tools of power he bar'd to public view1 ,and from their holes the sneaking cowards drew2 ,when ,rancour found it far beyond her reach1 ,to soil his honour1 and his truth impeach1-- ,what could induce thee1 at a time and place ,where manly foes had blush'd to show their face1 ,to make that effort which must damn thy name1 ,and sink thee deep1 deep in the grave with shame6 ,did ,virtue move thee8 no1 'twas pride1 rank pride1 ,and if thou hadst not done it1 thou hadst died4 ,malice 7who1 disappointed of her end1 ,whether to work the bane of foe or friend1 ,preys on herself1 and driven to the stake1 ,gives virtue that revenge she scorns to take7 ,had killed thee1 tottering on life's utmost verge1 ,had ,wilkes and ,liberty escaped thy scourge4 ,when that great charter which our fathers bought ,with their best blood1 was into question brought2 ,when big with ruin1 o'er each ,english head1 ,vile ,slavery hung suspended by a thread2 ,when ,liberty1 all trembling and aghast1 ,fear'd for the future1 knowing what was past2 ,when every breast was chill'd with deep despair1 ,till reason pointed out that ,,pratt was there4 ,lurking most ruffian-like behind a screen1 ,so plac'd all things to see1 himself unseen1 ,virtue with due contempt saw#afj ,hogarth stand1 ,the murderous pencil in his palsied hand4 ,what was the cause of ,liberty to him1 ,or what was ,honour6 let them sink or swim1 ,so he may gratify without control1 ,the mean resentments of his selfish soul1 ,let ,freedom perish1 if1 to ,freedom true1 ,in the same ruin ,wilkes may perish too4 ,this animated and high-coloured rhapsody1 beautiful and fervid as it is1 when reduced to plain prose1 ends in ,liberty1 ,virtue1 and ,honour being all aghast1 because ,hogarth took ,mr4 ,wilkes' portrait without the customary fee6 ,but my readers may be weary of the subject4 ,enough-- ,enough of ,wilkes1--to good and honest men ,his actions speak much stronger than my pen4 --,,churchill4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,the ,,bruiser1 ,,charles ,,churchill 7,,once ,,the ,,reverend71 ,in the ,character of a ,russian ,hercules1 regaling himself after having killed the ,monster ,caricatura1 that so sorely galled his virtuous friend1 the heaven-born ,wilkes4--,published ,aug4 #a1 #agfc4 ,but he had a club1 ,this dragon to drub1 ,or he had ne'er don't1 ,i warrant ye4 --,dragon of ,wantley4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,rev4 ,c4 ,,churchill4 ,enraged by the publication of ,mr4 ,wilkes' portrait1 ,mr4 ,charles ,churchill drew his gray goose quill1 and wrote a most virulent and vindictive satire1 which he entitled ,an ,epistle to ,william ,hogarth4 ,the painter might be a very good ,christian1 but he was not blest with that meek forbearance which induces those who are smote on one cheek to turn the other also4 ,he was an old man1 but did not wish to be considered as that feeble1 superannuated1 helpless animal which the poet had described4 ,he scarcely wished to live ,after his flame lack'd oil1 to be the snuff ,of younger spirits4 ,apprehensive that the public might construe his delaying a reply to proceed from inability1 he did not wait the tedious process of a new plate1 but took a piece of copper on which he had1 in the year #agdi1 engraven a portrait of himself and dog1 erased his own head1 and in the place of it introduced the divine with a tattered band and torn ruffles1--,no ,lord's anointed1 but a ,russian bear4 ,in this ,i must acknowledge there was more ill-nature than wit4#afa ,it is rather caricature than character1 and more like the coarse mangling of ,tom ,browne than the delicate yet wounding satire of ,alexander ,pope4 ,for this rough retort he might1 however1 plead the poet's precedent4 ,his opponent had brandished a tomahawk2 and ,hogarth1 old as he was1 wielded a battle-axe in his own defence4 ,a more aggravated provocation cannot well be conceived4 ,the attack was unmerciful1 unmanly1 unjust4 ,let the following extracts speak for themselves3-- ,amongst the sons of men1 how few are known ,who dare be just to merit not their own6 ,superior virtue and superior sense1 ,to knaves and fools will always give offence3 ,nay1 men of real worth can scarcely bear-- ,so nice is jealousy--a rival there4 ,such is the introduction to ,churchill's ,epistle1 and ,i believe the reader will grant that it is quite as applicable to the poet as the painter4 ,after some lines which would apply to any other subject as well as that under consideration1 he thus proceeds3 ,hogarth1--,i take thee1 ,candour1 at thy word1 ,accept thy proffer'd terms1 and will be heard2 ,thee have ,i heard with virulence declaim1 ,nothing retained of ,candour but the name2 ,by thee have ,i been charg'd in angry strains1#afb ,with that mean falsehood which my soul disdains4 ,how furious the onset6 but if the lines are brought back to plain prose1 they will run thus3 ,hogarth1 thy word is candour4 ,i adopt the same word1 and having heard thee declaim with a virulence that retained nothing of candour but the name1 thou shalt hear me declaim in the same style4 ,that this is the precise meaning which the poet intended1 ,i will not presume to assert2 but that he has pursued his theme in a manner that amply justifies my supposition1 the following lines will abundantly prove3-- ,hogarth1 stand forth1--nay1 hang not thus aloof1 ,now ,candour1 now thou shalt receive such proof1 ,such damning proof1 that henceforth thou shalt fear ,to tax my wrath1 and own my conduct clear4 ,hogarth1 stand forth1--,i dare thee to be try'd ,in that great court where ,conscience must preside3 ,at that most solemn bar hold up thy hand2 ,think before whom1 on what account you stand4 ,speak1 but consider well--from first to last ,review thy life1 view every action past3 ,nay1 you shall have no reason to complain1-- ,take longer time1 and view them o'er again3 ,canst thou remember from thy earliest youth1-- ,and as thy ,god must judge thee1 speak the truth1-- ,a single instance where1 self laid aside1 ,and justice taking place of fear and pride1 ,thou with an equal eye didst genius view1 ,and give to merit what was merit's due8 ,genius and merit are a sure offence1 ,and thy soul sickens at the name of sense4 ,if ,hogarth had so marked an aversion to all genius1 merit1 and sense1 it is rather singular that he should have lived on such intimate terms with ,mr4 ,churchill and ,mr4 ,wilkes4 ,is any one so foolish to succeed8 ,on ,envy's altar he is doomed to bleed4 ,hogarth1 a guilty pleasure in his eyes1 ,the place of executioner supplies3 ,see how he gloats1 enjoys the sacred feast1 ,and proves himself by cruelty a priest4 ,what does the bard prove himself8 ,whilst the weak artist to thy whims a slave1 ,would bury all those powers which nature gave1 ,would suffer blank concealment to obscure ,those rays that jealousy could not endure2 ,to feed thy vanity would rust unknown1 ,and to secure thy credit1 blast his own3 ,in ,hogarth he was sure to find a friend2 ,he could not fear1 and therefore might commend4 ,but when his spirit1 rous'd by honest shame1 ,shook off that lethargy1 and soar'd to fame2 ,when with the pride of man resolv'd and strong1 ,he scorn'd those fears which did his honour wrong2 ,and on himself determin'd to rely1 ,brought forth his labours to the public eye1 ,no friend in thee could such a rebel know1 ,he had desert1 and ,hogarth was his foe4 ,he must be a very weak artist indeed who would bury the talents which ,nature gave1 to gratify the whims of another man2 but admitting a painter had been found who suffered blank concealment to obscure those rays which jealousy could not endure1 ,i cannot comprehend how it concerned ,hogarth4 ,his walk was all his own3 even now he need not dread a rival there4 ,mr4 ,churchill acknowledges that in walks of humour ,hogarth unrivall'd stands1 and shall engage ,unrivall'd praise to the most distant age6 ,being unrivalled1 ,i do not see why he should dread a rival2 nor can ,i conceive he could be jealous of talents which he must be conscious were inferior to his own4 ,after some very harsh lines on envy1 in no degree applicable to ,hogarth1 and the rhapsody about ,wilkes and ,liberty1 which ,i have noticed in the preceding plate1 this high priest of the ,temple of ,cruelty1 rejoicing in his strength and triumphing in the pride of his youth1 without any reverence for gray hairs or respect for superior talents1 sets up the war-whoop1 and springs upon a feeble old man with the ferocity of a hungry cannibal3 ,with all the symptoms of assur'd decay1 ,with age and sickness pinch'd and worn away1 ,pale quivering lips1 lank cheeks1 and faltering tongue1 ,the spirits out of tune1 the nerves unstrung1 ,the body shrivell'd up1 the dim eyes sunk ,within their sockets deep2 the weak hams shrunk1 ,the body's weight unable to sustain1 ,the stream of life scarce trembling through the vein3 ,more than half kill'd by honest truths which fell1 ,through thy own fault1 from men who wish'd thee well2 ,canst thou e'en thus thy thoughts to vengeance give1 ,and dead to all things else1 to malice live8 ,hence1 dotard1 to thy closet2 shut thee in1 ,by deep repentance wash away thy sin2 ,from haunts of men1 to shame and sorrow fly1 ,and on the verge of death learn how to die4 ,that a man in the vigour of life--for ,churchill was not much more than thirty years old--should draw so pitiable a picture of age and decrepitude1 and then attack that age and decrepitude with a barbarity so savage1 is horrible6 ,but the baleful spirit of party overthrows the barriers of truth1 eradicates philanthropy1 and severs those social1 ,i had almost said sacred1 bonds which ought to unite and attach men of genius to each other4 ,had ,churchill felt his own beautiful apostrophe1 he would have blotted the lines with his tears3 ,ah6 let not youth to insolence allied1 ,in heat of blood1 in full career of pride1 ,possessed of genius1 with unhallowed rage1 ,mock the infirmities of reverend age4 ,the greatest genius to this fate may bow4 --,churchill's ,epistle to ,hogarth4 ,after advising the painter to learn how to die1 the bard proceeds2 repeats and amplifies what he had before written on ,hogarth's envy1 gives a metrical version of that ,north ,briton which ridicules the artist's love of flattery1 and beautifully versifies ,mr4 ,wilkes' prosaic abuse of poor ,sigismunda4 ,in the lines which follow1 he first throws the gauntlet1 and then draws such a picture of the man he has challenged as must have subdued the rancour of an assassin2 so far from being a stimulus to revenge1 it excites pity1 and concludes in the form of an apology3 ,for me1 who1 warm and zealous for my friend1 ,in spite of railing thousands1 will commend2 ,and no less warm and zealous 'gainst my foes1 ,spite of commending thousands will oppose2 ,i dare thy worst1 with scorn behold thy rage1 ,but with an eye of pity view thy age2 ,thy feeble age1 in which as in a glass ,we see how men to dissolution pass4 ,thou wretched being1 whom on reason's plan1 ,so chang'd1 so lost1 ,i cannot call a man1 ,what could persuade thee at this time of life ,to launch afresh into this sea of strife8 ,better for thee1 scarce crawling on the earth1 ,almost as much a child as at thy birth1 ,to have resign'd in peace thy parting breath1 ,and sunk unnotic'd in the arms of death4 ,why would thy gray1 gray hairs resentment brave1 ,thus to go down with sorrow to the grave8 ,now by my soul it makes me blush to know ,my spirits could descend to such a foe4 ,whatever cause thy vengeance might provoke1 ,it seems rank cowardice to give the stroke4 ,seems1 ,churchill6--nay1 it is6 ,the following address to the artist may1 with infinitely more propriety1 be applied to the bard2 whose name ,i have therefore ventured to insert in the place where he has left the name of ,hogarth3 ,with so much merit1 and so much success1 ,with so much power to curse1 so much to bless1 ,would he have been man's friend instead of foe1 ,churchill had been a little god below4 ,why1 then1 like savage giants fam'd of old1 ,of whom in ,scripture story we are told1 ,dost thou in cruelty that strength employ1 ,which ,nature meant to save1 not to destroy8 ,why dost thou1 all in horrid pomp array'd1 ,sit grinning o'er the ruins thou hast made8 ,most rank ill-nature must applaud thy art1 ,but even ,candour must condemn thy heart4 --,epistle to ,hogarth4 ,the whole of this unfeeling composition is dictated by the same spirit1 and written in much the same style1 as the lines ,i have quoted2 it reflects more dishonour on the satirist than on the subject of his abuse4 ,to enumerate further examples would be painful as well as tedious3 the graven image must be attended to4 ,it represents ,mr4 ,churchill in the character of a bear hugging a foaming tankard of porter1#afc and like another ,hercules1 armed with a knotted club1 to attack hydras1 destroy dragons1 and discomfit giants6 ,from the two letters ,n4 ,b4 inscribed on the club1 it appears that the painter considered ,churchill as a writer in the ,north ,briton2 and from the words infamous fallacy1 ,lie the #ast1 #b;d1 #c;d1 #dth1 etc41 on each of the knots1 that he also considered him as a poet who did not pay the strictest regard to truth4 ,to designate more positively the object of his ridicule1 and render this rude representative still more ludicrous1 it is decorated with a band and a pair of ruffles2 and with these characteristic ornaments1 though it remains a good bear1 it becomes a sort of overcharged portrait of the reverend satirist1 and ,i really think resembles him4 ,hogarth's favourite dog ,trump1 who had been his companion in the portrait from which this is altered1 retains his original situation on the outside of the picture frame1 but is now contemptuously treating and trampling upon the ,epistle to his master4 ,near him lie two books1 on one of which is written1 ,a ,new ,way to ,pay ,old ,debts1 a comedy1 by ,massinger3 on the other1 ,a ,list of ,subscribers to the ,north ,briton4 ,to intimate the poverty of those who wrote it1 the pyramid is crowned by a begging-box2 and beneath1 as emblems of art1 lie a pencil and palette4 ,in this state the print was published2 but the gentleman whom it offended asserting that it proved the painter in his dotage1 he refuted their calumny by the following spirited addition3-- ,in the form of a framed picture on the painter's palette1 is placed a small drawing1 which may serve as a sort of political postscript to his first plate of ,the ,times1 or a kind of prelude to the second4 ,it represents ,mr4 ,pitt reclining in a similar position to that of ,sir ,isaac ,newton in ,westminster ,abbey1 and is probably meant as allusive to his having retired from public business1 to enjoy the otium cum dignitate1 a short time before4 ,the background is composed of a pyramidical piece of marble1 from the top of which is suspended a millstone1 inscribed #cjjj1 in allusion to his saying that ,hanover was a millstone round the neck of ,england1 and afterwards increasing the public burdens by accepting a pension of #cjjj a year4 ,it is suspended by a thread1 and must1 if it falls1 dash him to pieces4 ,this was ,hogarth's idea of crushing popularity4 ,to heighten the ridicule1 though recumbent1 he is firing a mortar at the symbol of peace1 a dove with an olive branch perched on the standard of ,england2 but his artillery is not powerful enough to reach the mark2 the powder fails in its effect1 the ball falls short of its object4 ,in most of his measures ,mr4 ,pitt was supported by the city of ,london1 and to this our great metropolis ,hogarth appears to allude1 in making the two ,guildhall giants1 with each of them a pipe of tobacco in his mouth1 supporters of the ,monument4 ,the tubes with ,indian weed evidently hint at his great ,creolian friend1 ,mr4 ,alderman ,beckford4 ,to denote that ,mr4 ,pitt was the sovereign of their affections1 and kept the master-key of their iron chests1 one of these representatives of the city is giving him supreme rule1 by placing upon his head the likeness of a kingly crown4 ,the other holds a shield1 on which is emblazoned the arms of ,austria1 which the statesman indignantly spurns4 ,at an opposite corner1 the painter has exhibited himself1 in the humble character of a showman1 drilling ,messrs4 ,churchill and ,wilkes through the varying steps of a political minuet4 ,the first he has represented under the type of a bear in a laced hat1 and the last as a monkey astride upon a mop-stick1 with the cap of liberty at the top of it4 ,in his left hand he holds a check-string1 which being fastened to his two pupils1 answers the purpose of a bridle1 and in his right brandishes a cat-o'-nine-tails4 ,that the two quadrupeds may dance to some tune1 a figure without features1 intended as a second delineation of ,earl ,temple1 is playing on the fiddle4#afd ,such is ,hogarth's representation2 and in the poem of ,independence1 which ,churchill published in ,september #agfd1 he admirably parries the caricature by a most spirited description of himself4 ,in this he has evidently taken ,hogarth's print for his model4 ,having described a lean1 long1 lank1 and bony figure1 designed for a then unpopular nobleman1 he thus proceeds3 ,such was the first4 ,the second was a man ,whom ,nature built on a quite different plan3 ,a bear1 whom from the moment he was born1 ,his dam despis'd1 and left unlick'd in scorn3 ,a ,babel1 which1 the power of art outdone1 ,she could not finish when she had begun3 ,an utter chaos1 out of which no might ,but that of ,god could strike one spark of light4 ,broad were his shoulders1 and from blade to blade ,a ,h---- might at full length have laid4 ,vast were his bones2 his muscles twisted strong2 ,his face was short1 but broader than 'twas long4 ,his features1 though by nature they were large1 ,contentment had contrived to overcharge1 ,and bury meaning2 save that we might spy ,sense low'ring on the pent-house of his eye1#afe ,his arms were two twin oaks2 his legs so stout1 ,that they might bear a mansion-house about4 ,nor were they1--look but at his body there1 ,design'd by fate a much less weight to bear4 ,o'er a brown cassock1 which had once been black1 ,which hung in tatters on his brawny back1 ,a sight most strange and awkward to behold1 ,he threw a covering of blue and gold4 ,just at that time of life when man by rule ,the fop laid down1 takes up the graver fool1 ,he started up a fop1 and fond of show1 ,look'd like another ,hercules turn'd beau2 ,a subject met with only now and then1 ,much fitter for the pencil than the pen4 ,hogarth would draw him1 ,envy must allow1 ,ev'n to the life1--were ,hogarth living now4#aff ,in the following letter written to his friend ,mr4 ,wilkes1 and dated ,august #c1 #agfc1 ,churchill considers ,hogarth as already dead3-- ,i take it for granted you have seen ,hogarth's print against me4 ,was ever anything so contemptible8 ,i think he is fairly felo de se4 ,i think not to let him off in that manner1 although ,i might safely leave him to your notes4#afg ,he has broken into my pale of private life1 and set that example of illiberality which ,i wished2 of that kind of attack which is ungenerous in the first instance1 but justice in return4#afh ,i intend an elegy on him1 supposing him dead2 but 99---- 99---- tells me1 with a kiss1 he will be really dead before it comes out2 that ,i have already killed him1 etc4 ,how sweet is flattery from the woman we love6#afi and how weak is our boasted strength1 when opposed to beauty and good sense with good-nature4 ,mr4 ,churchill died at ,boulogne in his thirty-second year1 and was in ,november #agfd buried at ,dover3 at which place1 on a small stone in the old churchyard1 formerly belonging to the collegiate ,church of ,st4 ,martin1 is the following inscription3 ,life to the last enjoy'd1 here ,churchill lies4 ,,appendix1 ,,consisting ,,of ,,engraved ,,headpieces ,,for ,,receipts1 ,,etc4 ,at the time that ,hogarth lived1 we were not compelled to have our receipts sanctioned with a royal stamp2 but upon the receipts given by ,hogarth1 there was the stamp of genius1 the broad seal of nature6 ,whoever paid a subscription had a written acknowledgment beneath a little print4 ,this invariably abounded in wit1 but had seldom any immediate allusion to the series with which it was presented4#agj ,his great works ,i consider as giving not only a general mirror of the human mind1 but a history of the local and temporary customs of the day when they were published4 ,i have therefore arranged them in the order they were engraved2 and thinking that the receipts1 or less important prints1 would break the chain by which they are in a degree connected1 ,i have reserved the following short memoranda for an appendix3-- ,,boys ,,peeping ,,at ,,nature4#aga ,thou1 ,nature1 art my goddess4 ,illustration3 ,,boys ,,peeping ,,at ,,nature4 ,this plate was engraved in #agcc1 and intended as the subscription-ticket to ,the ,harlot's ,progress2 but in the original design ,nature was habited in a petticoat1 and the boy who now points to a three-quarters portrait was placed before her1 and represented as curiously stooping down to examine the fringe4 ,some of the artist's friends1 suggesting that this was too ludicrous an idea for the public1 the copper was thrown aside4 ,in the year #agea1 ,hogarth etched his burlesque ,paul1 as a receipt-ticket to the large ,paul before ,felix4 ,in a printed catalogue of his works1 dated #aged1 ,i find ,paul before ,felix marked #j1 #gs4 #f;d41 and ,paul before ,felix1 in the manner of ,rembrandt1 #j1 #js4 #j;d4 ,applications for the gratis etching were very frequent2 and he found1 to his great mortification1 that the public were more eager to possess his little print than either of the large ones4 ,to punish their want of taste1 he gave away no more1 but fixed the price at two-thirds of the sum at which he published the large print4 ,this alteration of his first plan left the great ,paul without a ticket4 ,to have given him the ,peeping ,boys in their original state1 would have been a species of sacrilege2 they were chastened1 grouped as they now are1 and transferred from the ,harlot to the ,apostle4 ,though the circumstance from which it received a name was done away1 and very little either novel or striking remains1 he retained the original title of ,boys ,peeping at ,nature4#agb ,,five ,,groups ,,of ,,heads4 ,,the ,,laughing ,,audience4 ,let him laugh now1 who never laugh'd before2 ,and he who always laugh'd1 laugh now the more4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,laughing ,,audience4 ,from the first print that ,hogarth engraved to the last that he published1 ,i do not think there is one in which character is more displayed than in this very spirited little etching4 ,it is much superior to the more delicate engravings from his designs by other artists1 and ,i prefer it to those that were still higher finished by his own burin4 ,the prim coxcomb with an enormous bag1 whose favours1 like those of ,hercules between ,virtue and ,vice1 are contended for by two rival orange girls1 gives an admirable idea of the dress of the day2 when1 if we may judge from this print1 our grave forefathers1 defying nature and despising convenience1 had a much higher rank in the temple of ,folly than was then attained by their ladies4 ,it must be acknowledged that since that period the softer sex have asserted their natural rights2 and1 snatching the wreath of fashion from the brow of presuming man1 have tortured it into such forms--that were it possible1 which certes it is not1 to disguise a beauteous face6--,but to the high behest of fashion all must bow4 ,governed by this idol1 our beau has a cuff that for a modern fop would furnish fronts for a waistcoat1 and a family fire-screen might be made of his enormous bag4 ,his bare and shrivelled neck has a close resemblance to that of a half-starved greyhound2 and his face1 figure1 and air1 form a fine contrast to the easy and degage assurance of the grisette whom he addresses4 ,the opposite figure1 nearly as grotesque1 though not quite so formal as its companion1 presses its left hand upon its breast1#agc in the style of protestation1 and eagerly contemplating the superabundant charms of a beauty of ,rubens' school1 presents her with a pinch of comfort4#agd ,every muscle1 every line of his countenance1 is acted upon by affectation and grimace1 and his queue bears some resemblance to an ear-trumpet4 ,the total inattention of these three polite persons to the business of the stage1 which at this moment almost convulses the children of ,nature who are seated in the pit1 is highly descriptive of that refined apathy which characterizes our people of fashion1 and raises them above those mean passions that agitate the groundlings4 ,one gentleman1 indeed1#age is as affectedly unaffected as a man of the first world4 ,by his saturnine cast of face and contracted brow1 he is evidently a profound critic1 and much too wise to laugh4 ,he must indisputably be a very great genius2 for1 like ,voltaire's ,poccocurante1 nothing can please him2 and while those around open every avenue of their minds to mirth1 and are willing to be delighted1 though they do not well know why1 he analyzes the drama by the laws of ,aristotle1 and finding those laws are violated1 determines that the author ought to be hissed instead of being applauded4 ,this it is to be so excellent a judge2 this it is which gives a critic that exalted gratification which can never be attained by the illiterate3 the supreme power of pointing out faults where others discern nothing but beauties1 and preserving a rigid inflexibility of muscle while the sides of the vulgar herd are shaking with laughter4 ,these merry mortals1 thinking with ,plato that it is no proof of a good stomach to nauseate every aliment presented them1 do not inquire too nicely into causes2 but1 giving full scope to their risibility1 display a set of features more highly ludicrous than ,i ever saw in any other print4 ,it is to be regretted that the artist has not given us some clue by which we might have known what was the play which so much delighted his audience3 ,i should conjecture that it was either one of ,shakspeare's comedies1 or a modern tragedy4 ,sentimental comedy was not the fashion of that day4 ,the three sedate musicians in the orchestra1 totally engrossed by minims and crotchets1 are an admirable contrast to the company in the pit4 ,,the ,,lecture4 ,,datur ,,vacuum4 ,no wonder that science1 and learning profound1 ,in ,oxford and ,cambridge so greatly abound1 ,when so many take thither a little each day1 ,and we see very few who bring any away4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,lecture4 ,i was once told by a fellow of a college that he would never purchase ,hogarth's works1 because ,hogarth had in this print ridiculed one of the ,universities4 ,i endeavoured to defend the artist1 by suggesting that this was not intended as a picture of what ,oxford is now1 but of what it was in days long past3 that it was that kind of general satire with which no one should be offended1 etc4 etc4 ,his reply was too memorable to be forgotten3 ,sir1 the ,theatre1 the ,bench1 the ,college of ,physicians1 and the ,foot ,guards1 are fair objects of satire2 but those venerable characters who have devoted their whole lives to feeding the lamp of learning with hallowed oil1 are too sacred to be the sport of an uneducated painter4 ,their unremitting industry embraced the whole circle of the sciences1 and in their logical disputations they displayed an acuteness that their followers must contemplate with astonishment4 ,the present state of ,oxford it is not necessary for me to analyze1 as you contend that the satire is not directed against that4 ,in answer to this observation1 which was uttered with becoming gravity1 a gentleman present remarked as follows3 ,for some of the ancient customs of this seminary of learning ,i have much respect2 but as to their dry treatises on logic1 immaterial dissertations on materiality1 and abstruse investigations of useless subjects1 they are mere literary legerdemain4 ,their disputations being usually built on an undefinable chimera1 are solved by a paradox4 ,instead of exercising their power of reason1 they exert their powers of sophistry1 and divide and subdivide every subject with such casuistical minuteness1 that those who are not convinced are almost invariably confounded4 ,this custom1 it must be granted1 is not quite so prevalent as it once was3 a general spirit of reform is rapidly diffusing itself2 and though ,i have heard cold-blooded declaimers assert that these shades of science are become the retreats of ignorance and the haunts of dissipation1 ,i consider them as the great schools of urbanity1 and favourite seats of the belles lettres4 ,by the belles lettres ,i mean history1 biography1 and poetry2 that all these are universally cultivated1 ,i can exemplify by the manner in which a highly accomplished young man1 who is considered as a model by his fellow-collegians1 divides his hours4 ,at breakfast ,i found him studying the marvellous and eventful history of ,baron ,munchausen2 a work whose periods are equally free from the long-winded obscurity of ,tacitus1 and the asthmatic terseness of ,sallust4 ,while his hair was dressing1 he enlarged his imagination and improved his morals by studying ,doctor what's his name's ,abridgment of ,chesterfield's ,principles of ,politeness4 ,to furnish himself with biographical information1 and add to his stock of useful anecdote1 he studied the ,lives of the ,highwaymen2 in which he found many opportunities of exercising his genius and judgment in drawing parallels between the virtues and exploits of these modern worthies1 and those dignified and almost deified ancient heroes whose deeds are recorded in ,plutarch and ,nepos4 ,with poetical studies he is furnished by the ,english operas1 which1 added to the prologues1 epilogues1 and odes of the day1 afford him higher entertainment than he could find in ,homer or ,virgil3 he has not stored his memory with many epigrams1 but of puns has a plentiful stock1 and in conundra is a wholesale dealer4 ,at the same college ,i know a most striking contrast1 whose reading---- ,but as his opponent would hear no more1 my advocate dropped the subject2 and ,i will follow his example4 ,it seems probable that when the artist engraved this print he had only a general reference to an university lecture2 the words datur vacuum were an after-thought4 ,i have seen prints without the inscription1 and in some of the early impressions it is written with a pen4 ,the scene is laid at ,oxford1 and the person reading1 universally admitted to be a ,mr4 ,fisher of ,jesus ,college1 registrat of the university1 with whose consent this portrait was taken1 and who lived until the #ahth of ,march #agfa4 ,that he should wish to have such a face handed down to posterity in such company is rather extraordinary2 for all the band1 except one man1 have been steeped in the stream of stupidity4 ,this gentleman has the profile of penetration2 a projecting forehead1 a ,roman nose1 thin lips1 and a long pointed chin4 ,his eye is bent on vacancy3 it is evidently directed to the moon-faced idiot that crowns the pyramid1 at whose round head1 contrasted by a cornered cap1 he with difficulty supresses a laugh4 ,three fellows on the right hand of this fat1 contented first-born transmitter of a foolish face1 have most degraded characters1 and are much fitter for the stable than the college4 ,if they ever read1 it must be in ,bracken's ,farriery1 or ,the ,country ,gentleman's ,recreation4 ,two square-capped students a little beneath the top1 one of whom is holding converse with an adjoining profile1 and the other lifting up his eyebrows and staring without sight1 have the same misfortune that attended our first ,james--their tongues are rather too large4 ,a figure in the left-hand corner has shut his eyes to think2 and having1 in his attempt to separate a syllogism1 placed the forefinger of his right hand upon his forehead1 has fallen asleep4 ,the professor1 a little above the book1 endeavours by a projection of his under lip to assume importance2 such characters are not uncommon3 they are more solicitous to look wise than to be so4 ,of ,mr4 ,fisher it is not necessary to say much3 he sat for his portrait for the express purpose of having it inserted in the ,lecture6--,we want no other testimony of his talents4 ,to the whole tribe ,i bid a long and last adieu4 ,ye dull deluders1 truth's destructive foes1 ,cold sons of fiction1 clad in stupid prose2 ,ye treacherous leaders1 who1 yourselves in doubt1 ,light up false fires1 and send us far about2 ,still may the spider round your pages spin1 ,subtle and slow1 her emblematic gin6 ,buried in dust1 and lost in silence dwell1 ,most potent1 grave1 and reverend friends--farewell6 ,,rehearsal ,,of ,,the ,,oratorio ,,of ,,judith4 ,o cara1 cara6 silence all that train2 ,joy to great chaos6 let division reign4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,orchestra4 ,the oratorio of ,judith was written by ,esquire ,william ,huggins1#agf honoured by the music of ,william de ,fesch1 aided by new painted scenery and magnifique decoration1 and in the year #agcc brought upon the stage4 ,as ,de ,fesch#agg was a ,german and a genius1 we may fairly presume it was well set2 and there was at that time1 as at this1 a sort of musical mania1 that paid much greater attention to sounds than to sense4 ,notwithstanding all these points in her favour1 when the ,jewish heroine had made her theatrical dbut1 and so effectually smote ,holofernes1 ,as to sever ,his head from his great trunk for ever1 and for ever1 the audience compelled her to make her exit4 ,to set aside this partial and unjust decree1 ,mr4 ,huggins appealed to the public1 and printed#agh his oratorio4 ,though it was adorned with a frontispiece designed by ,hogarth and engraved by ,vandergucht1 the world could not be compelled to read1 and the unhappy writer had no other resource than the consolatory reflection1 that his work was superlatively excellent1 but unluckily printed in a tasteless age3#agi a comfortable and solacing self-consciousness1 which hath1 ,i verily believe1 prevented many a great genius from becoming his own executioner4 ,to paint a sound is impossible2 but as far as art can go towards it1 ,mr4 ,hogarth has gone in this print4 ,the tenor1 treble1 and bass of these ear-piercing choristers are so decisively discriminated1 that we all but hear them4 ,the principal figure1 whose head1 hands1 and feet are in equal agitation1 has very properly tied on his spectacles2 it would have been prudent to have tied on his periwig also1 for by the energy of his action he has shaken it from his head1 and1 absorbed in an eager attention to true time1 is totally unconscious of his loss4 ,a gentleman--pardon me1 ,i meant a singer--in a bag-wig1 immediately beneath his uplifted hand1 ,i suspect to be of foreign growth4 ,it has the engaging air of an importation from ,italy4 ,the little figure in the sinister corner is1 it seems1 intended for a ,mr4 ,tothall1 a woollen-draper1 who lived in ,tavistock ,court1 and was ,hogarth's intimate friend4 ,the name of the performer on his right hand1 ,whose growling bass ,would drown the clarion of the braying ass1 ,i cannot learn2 nor do ,i think that this group were meant for particular portraits1 but a general representation of the violent distortions into which these crotchet-mongers draw their features on such solemn occasions4 ,even the head of the bass viol has air and character3 by the band under the chin1 it gives some idea of a professor1#ahj or what is ,i think called a ,mus4 ,d4 ,the words now singing1 ,the world shall bow to the ,assyrian throne1 are extracted from ,mr4 ,huggins' oratorio2 the etching is in a most masterly style1 and was originally given as a subscription-ticket to ,the ,modern ,midnight ,conversation4 ,i have seen a small political print on ,sir ,robert ,walpole's administration1 entitled1 ,excise1 a new ,ballad ,opera1 of which this was unquestionably the basis4 ,beneath it is the following learned and poetical motto3 ,experto crede ,roberto4 ,mind how each hireling songster tunes his throat1 ,and the vile knight beats time to every note3 ,so ,nero sung while ,rome was all in flames1 ,but time shall brand with infamy their names4 ,,et ,,plurima ,,mortis ,,imago4 ,,the ,,company ,,of ,,undertakers1 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,company ,,of ,,undertakers4 ,beareth sable1 an urinal proper1 between twelve quack heads of the second1 and twelve cane heads ,,or1 consultant4 ,on a chief#aha nebul1#ahb ermine1 one complete doctor#ahc issuant checkie1 sustaining in his right hand a baton of the second4 ,on his dexter and sinister side1 two demi-doctors1 issuant of the second1 and two cane heads issuant of the third3 the first having one eye couchant1 towards the dexter side of the escutcheon2 the second faced per pale proper1 and gules guardant1 with this motto1 ',et plurima mortis imago4' ,it has been said of the ancients1 that they began by attempting to make physic a science1 and failed2 of the moderns1 that they began by attempting to make it a trade1 and succeeded4 ,this company are moderns to a man2 and if we may judge of their capacities by their countenances1 are indeed a most sapient society4 ,their practice is very extensive1 and they go about taking guineas1 ,far as the weekly bills can reach around1 ,from ,kent ,street end1 to fam'd ,st4 ,giles's pound4 ,many of them are unquestionably portraits2#ahd but as these grave and sage descendants of ,galen are long since gone to that place where they before sent their patients1 ,i am unable to ascertain any of them1 except the three who are for distinction placed in the chief or most honourable part of the escutcheon4 ,those whom1 from their exalted situation1 we may naturally conclude the most distinguished and sagacious leeches of their day1 have marks too obtrusive to be mistaken4 ,he towards the dexter side of the escutcheon is determined by an eye in the head of his cane to be the all-accomplished ,chevalier ,taylor1#ahe in whose marvellous and surprising history1 written by his own hand1 and published in #agfa1 is recorded such events relative to himself and others#ahf as have excited more astonishment than that incomparable romance1 ,don ,belianis of ,greece1 the ,arabian ,nights1 or ,sir ,john ,mandeville his ,travels4 ,the centre figure1 arrayed in a harlequin jacket1 with a bone1 or what the painter denominates a baton1 in the right hand1 is generally considered designed for ,mrs4 ,mapp1 a masculine woman1 daughter to one ,wallin1 a bone-setter at ,hindon1 in ,wiltshire4 ,this female ,thalestris1 incompatible as it may seem with her sex1 adopted her father's profession1 travelled about the country1 calling herself crazy ,sally2 and like another ,hercules1 did wonders by strength of arm6 ,an old gentleman1 who knew this lady1 assures me1 that notwithstanding all the unkind things which her medical brethren said of her ignorance1 etc41 she was entitled to an equal portion of professional praise with many of those who decried her2 for not more than nineteen out of twenty of her patients died under her hands4 ,the ,grub ,street ,journal1 and some other papers of that day1 are crowded with paragraphs#ahi relative to her cures and her consequence4 ,on the sinister side is ,doctor ,ward1 generally called ,spot ,ward1 from his left cheek being marked with a claret colour4 ,this gentleman was of a respectable family1#aia and though not highly educated1 had talents very superior to either of his coadjutors4 ,for the chief1 this must suffice2 as for the twelve quack heads and twelve cane heads ,,or1 consultant1 united with the cross-bones at the corners1 they have a most mortuary appearance1 and do indeed convey a general image of death4 ,in the time of ,lucian1 a philosopher was distinguished by three things3 his avarice1 his impudence1 and his beard4 ,in the time of ,hogarth1 medicine was a mystery1#aib and there were three things which distinguished the physician3 his gravity1 his cane head1 and his periwig4 ,with these leading requisites1 this venerable party are most amply gifted4 ,to specify every character is not necessary2 but the upper figure on the dexter side1 with a wig like a weeping willow1 should not be overlooked4 ,his lemon-like aspect must curdle the blood of all his patients4 ,in the countenances of his brethren there is no want of acids2 but however sour each individual was in his day-- ,a doctor of renown1 ,to none but such as rust in health unknown1 ,and save or slay1 this privilege they claim1 ,or death1 or life1 the bright reward's the same4#aic ,ward1 ,taylor1 and ,mapp were considered as a proper trio by other persons besides ,hogarth3 some lines beginning as follows1 were written about the latter end of #agcf3-- ,in this bright age three wonder-workers rise1 ,whose operations puzzle all the wise2 ,to lame and blind1 by dint of manual slight1 ,mapp gives the use of limbs1 and ,taylor sight4 ,but greater ,ward1 etc4 ,,group ,,of ,,heads ,,intended ,,to ,,display ,,the ,,difference ,,betwixt ,,character ,,and ,,caricature4 ,for a further explanation of this difference1 see the ,preface to ,joseph ,andrews4#aid ,illustration3 ,,characters ,,caricatvras ,in ,lairesse2 still more in ,poussin2 and most of all in ,raphael2 simplicity1 greatness of conception1 tranquillity1 superiority1 sublimity the most exalted6 ,raphael can never be enough studied1 although he only exercised his mind on the rarest forms1 the grandest traits of countenance4 ,in ,hogarth1 alas1 how little of the noble1 how little of beauteous expression1 is to be found in this1 ,i had almost said1 false prophet of beauty6 ,but what an immense treasure of features1 of meanness in excess1 vulgarity the most disgusting1 humour the most irresistible1 and vice the most unmanly6--,lavater's ,essays on ,physiognomy4 ,in this rhapsody there is some truth2 but the philosopher of ,zurich should have recollected that ,hogarth could not be expected to attain what he never attempted4 ,sublimity exalted1 simplicity angelic1 and the ideal grandeur of superior beings1 he left to those who delineated subjects which demanded such characters2 and contented himself with representing ,nature1 not as it ought to be1 but as he found it4 ,that he had little reverence for the dreams of those who portrayed imaginary beings1 ,i have had occasion to remark2 but that he respected their waking thoughts is evinced in this print1 where the heads of three figures from ,raphael's ,cartoons are introduced under the article character1 in opposition to the fantastic caricatures of ,cavalier ,chezze1 ,annibal ,characi1#aie and ,leonard da ,vinci3 the last of whom1 ,i am very sorry to see so classed2 for to his anatomical knowledge the late ,dr4 ,hunter gave the strongest testimony1 by declaring his intention to publish a volume illustrated by the designs of this artist1 as anatomical studies4 ,i have often seen three engravings from the same picture1 by an ,italian1 an ,english1 and a ,french artist1 which1 with a tolerable correctness of outline1 have in their general characters a dissimilarity that is astonishing4 ,each engraver gives his national air4 ,the three heads from ,raphael1 at the bottom of this print1 are etched by ,hogarth1 and sufficiently marked to determine the master from whence they are copied2 but their grandeur1 elevation1 and simplicity is totally evaporated4 ,with angels1 apostles1 and saints1 he was not happy4 ,in the group placed above them he has been more successful4 ,hogarth was less of a mannerist than almost any other artist2 for though there are above a hundred profiles1 ,i discover no copy from another painter2 no repetition of his own works3 they are all delineated from nature1 and the most careless observer must discover many resemblances3 to the physiognomist1 they are an inexhaustible study4 ,this print was given as a subscription-ticket to the six plates of ,marriage la ,mode4 ,,sarah ,,malcolm4 ,executed opposite ,mitre ,court1 ,fleet ,street1 on the #gth of ,march #agcc1 for the murder of ,mrs4 ,lydia ,duncombe1 ,elizabeth ,harrison1 and ,anne ,price4 ,how shalt thou hope for mercy1 rendering none8 ,illustration3 ,,sarah ,,malcolm4 ,the portrait of this sanguinary wretch ,mr4 ,hogarth painted in ,newgate2 and to ,sir ,james ,thornhill1 who accompanied him1 he made the following observation3 ,i see by this woman's features that she is capable of any wickedness4 ,of his skill in physiognomy ,i entertain a very high opinion2 but as ,sarah sat for her picture after condemnation1 ,i suspect his observation to resemble those prophecies which were made after the completion of events they professed to foretell4 ,she has a locked-up mouth1 wide nostrils1 and a penetrating eye1 with a general air that indicates close observation and masculine courage2 but ,i do not discover either depravity or cruelty2 though her conduct in this1 as well as some other horrible transactions1#aif evinced an uncommon portion of both1 and proved her a ,lady ,macbeth in low life4 ,her infatuation in lurking about the ,temple after perpetration of the crime for which she suffered1 it is difficult to account for upon any other principle than that general remorse and horror which tortures the minds of those who shed a brother's blood2 and that overruling ,providence1 which by means most strange brings their guilt to light and their crimes to punishment2 ,for murder1 though it have no tongue1 will speak ,with most miraculous organ4 ,the circumstances which attended her commitment and execution were briefly as follows3-- ,at noon1 on ,sunday the fourth of ,february #agcc1 ,mrs4 ,duncombe1 a widow lady1 upwards of eighty years old 7who lived up four pair of stairs1 next staircase to the ,inner ,temple library72 ,elizabeth ,harrison1 another elderly person who was her companion2 and ,anne ,price1 her servant1 about seventeen years of age1 were found murdered in their beds4 ,the maid-servant1 who was supposed to be murdered first1 had her throat cut from ear to ear2 but by her cap being off1 and her hair much entangled1 it was thought she had struggled4 ,the companion1 it was supposed1 was strangled2 though there were two or three wounds in her throat that appeared as if they had been given by a nail4 ,mrs4 ,duncombe was probably smothered1 and killed last1 as she was found lying across the bed with a gown on2 though the others were in bed4 ,a trunk in the room was broke open and rifled4 ,about one o'clock at night1 a ,mr4 ,kerrell1 who had chambers on the same staircase1 came home1 and to his great surprise found ,sarah ,malcolm1 who was his laundress1 in his room3 he asked her how she came to be there at so unseasonable an hour1 and if she had heard of any one being taken up for the murder8 ,she replied1 that no person had yet been taken up2 but a gentleman who had chambers beneath1 and had been absent two or three days1 was violently suspected4 ,be that as it may1 said ,mr4 ,kerrell1 you were ,mrs4 ,duncombe's laundress1 and no one who knew her shall ever come into these chambers until her murderer is discovered3 pack up your things and go away4 ,while she was thus employed1 ,kerrell observing a bundle upon the floor1 and thinking her behaviour suspicious1 called a watchman to whom he gave her in charge4 ,when she was taken away1 and he searched his rooms with more care1 he found several bundles of linen1 and a silver pint tankard1 with the handle bloodied4 ,this confirmed his suspicions1 and1 accompanied by a friend1 he went down stairs1 and asked the watchman where he had taken ,malcolm8 ,this faithful guardian of the night very coolly replied1 that she had promised to come again next day1 and he had let her go4 ,mr4 ,kerrell declaring that if she was not immediately produced he would commit him to ,newgate in her stead1 the fellow went in search of her2 and though her lodging was in ,shoreditch1 he found this infatuated woman sitting between two other watchman at the ,temple gate4 ,she was then committed to ,newgate2 and there was found concealed in her hair1 eighteen guineas1 twenty moidores1 five broad pieces1 five crown pieces1 and a few shillings4#aig ,on her examination before ,sir ,richard ,brocas1 she confessed to sharing in the produce of the robbery1 but declared herself innocent of the murders2 asserting upon oath1 that ,thomas and ,james ,alexander1 and ,mary ,tracy1 were principal parties in the whole transaction4 ,notwithstanding this1 the coroner's jury brought in their verdict of wilful murder against ,sarah ,malcolm only1 it not then appearing that any other person was concerned4 ,her confession they considered as a mere subterfuge1 none knowing such people as she pretended were her accomplices4 ,a few days after1 a boy about seventeen years of age was hired as a servant by a person who kept the ,red ,lion alehouse at ,bridewell ,bridge2 and hearing it said in his master's house that ,sarah ,malcolm had given in an information against one ,thomas and ,james ,alexander1 and ,mary ,tracy1 said to his master1 ,my name is ,james ,alexander1 and ,i have a brother named ,thomas1 and my mother nursed a woman where ,sarah ,malcolm lived4 ,upon this acknowledgment1 the master sent to ,alstone1 turnkey of ,newgate2 and the boy being confronted with ,malcolm1 she immediately charged him with being concealed under ,mrs4 ,duncombe's bed1 previous to letting in ,tracy and his brother1 by whom and himself the murders were committed4 ,on this evidence he was detained2 and frankly telling where his brother and ,tracy were to be found1 they also were taken into custody1 and brought before ,sir ,richard ,brocas4 ,here ,malcolm persisted in her former asseverations2 but the magistrate thought her unworthy of credit1 and would have discharged them2 but being advised by some persons present to act with more caution1 committed them all to ,newgate4 ,their distress was somewhat alleviated by the gentlemen of the ,temple ,society1 who1 fully convinced of their innocence1 allowed each of them one shilling per diem during the time of their confinement4 ,this ought to be recorded to the honour of the law1 as it has not often been the practice of the profession4 ,though ,malcolm's presence of mind seems to have forsaken her at the time when she lurked about the ,temple1 without making any attempt to escape1 and left the produce of her theft in situations that rendered discovery inevitable1 she by the time of trial recovered her recollection1 made a most acute and ingenious defence1#aih and cross-examined the witnesses with all the black-robed artifice of a gentleman bred up to the bar4 ,the circumstances were1 however1 so clear as to leave no doubt in the minds of the court1 and the jury brought in their verdict--guilty4 ,on ,wednesday the #gth of ,march1 about ten in the morning1 she was taken in a cart from ,newgate to the place of execution1 facing ,mitre ,court1 ,fleet ,street1#aii and there suffered death on a gibbet erected for the occasion4 ,she was neatly dressed in a crape mourning gown1 white apron1 sarcenet hood1 and black gloves3 carried her head aside with an air of affectation1 and was said to be painted4 ,she was attended by ,doctor ,middleton of ,st4 ,bride's1 her friend ,mr4 ,peddington1 and ,guthrie1 the ordinary of ,newgate4 ,she appeared devout and penitent1 and earnestly requested ,peddington would print a paper she had given him#bjj the night before1 which contained1 not a confession of the murder1 but protestations of her innocence2 and a recapitulation of what she had before said relative to the ,alexanders1 etc4 ,this wretched woman1 though only twenty-five years of age1 was so lost to all sense of her situation1 as to rush into eternity with a lie upon her lips4 ,she much wished to see ,mr4 ,kerrell1 and acquitted him of every imputation thrown out at her trial4 ,after she had conversed some time with the ministers1 and the executioner began to do his duty1 she fainted away2 but recovering1 was in a short space afterwards executed4 ,her corpse was carried to an undertaker's on ,snow ,hill1 where multitudes of people resorted1 and gave money to see it3 among the rest1 a gentleman in deep mourning kissed her1 and gave the attendants half-a-crown4 ,professor ,martin dissected this notorious murderess1 and afterwards presented her skeleton1 in a glass case1 to the ,botanic ,gardens at ,cambridge1 where it still remains4 ,the portrait from which this print was engraved is remarkably well painted1 and now in the possession of ,mr4 ,josiah ,boydell1 at ,west ,end4 ,it was probably copied from that which was painted in ,newgate1 which was in the collection of ,mr4 ,horace ,walpole1 at ,strawberry ,hill4 ,it will not appear extraordinary that ,hogarth should have delineated her twice1 when we consider1 that from the print he published there were four copies1 besides one in wood1 which was engraved for the ,gentleman's ,magazine4 ,thus eager were the public to possess the portrait of this most atrocious woman4 ,all these delineations were what the painters call half-lengths2 her whole figure was never engraved1 except for this work4 ,,columbus ,,breaking ,,the ,,egg4 ,why on these shores are we with pride survey'd1 ,admir'd as heroes1 and as gods obey'd6 ,unless great acts superior merit prove1 ,and vindicate the bounteous powers above2 ,that when1 with wond'ring eyes1 our martial bands ,behold our deeds transcending our commands1 ,such1 they may cry1 deserve the sov'reign state1 ,whom those that envy dare not imitate8 ,illustration3 ,,columbus ,,and ,,the ,,egg4 ,such is the animated apostrophe of ,sarpedon in the energetic numbers of ,alexander ,pope1 and it is not more appropriate to ,glaucus than to the illustrious character who gives the subject of this print4 ,had a ,greek discovered ,america1 ,sculpture would have erected statues and raised altars to his honour2 ,architecture built temples to perpetuate his fame2 and by ,poetry he must have been deified4 ,the new creation of ,columbus--for a new creation it may be denominated--absorbed every former discovery1 and sunk to insignificance the boasted conquests of ,alexander4 ,previous to this voyage a world of water formed what was deemed an insurmountable barrier between the inhabitants of one planet2--,he spread his canvas wings1 and pass'd the mound4 ,as our own ,newton unveiled the celestial globe1#bja and removed that cloud which had before shadowed the face of heaven1 ,columbus1 from the bare inspection of a map of one world1 concluded that there must be another4 ,he sailed west1 brought together continents that nature had severed1 and was the first adventurer in a voyage which1 from its consequent enterprises1 has added more square miles to the dominions of ,european powers than the sovereigns by whom he was employed possessed acres4#bjb ,his perseverance must have been equal to his genius2 for he had to struggle with the rooted prejudices of his contemporaries1#bjc as well as the freezing indifference of those monarchs to whom he tendered his service4 ,genoa1 which was his native country1 treated his scheme as visionary4 ,our seventh ,henry1 mean1 cold-blooded1 and avaricious1 would not hazard the loss of that treasure which he adored2 and the ,emperor had neither gold to fit out a fleet nor harbours to receive shipping4 ,the attention of ,john the ,second of ,portugal was engrossed by the coast of ,africa1 and ,charles the ,eighth of ,france was in his minority4 ,the ,venetians had maritime power1 and maritime spirit2 but ,columbus was a ,genoese1 and had too much of the amor patri to throw such advantages as he foresaw would accrue to those who prosecuted his plan into the hands of the rivals and enemies of his country4 ,he fixed his hopes on the court of ,spain1 and his hopes were not disappointed4 ,ferdinand of ,aragon and ,isabella of ,castile had by their marriage united all ,spain under one dominion3 to them he applied2 and1 with a perseverance that could only be supported by a conscious certainty that his project1 if undertaken1 must be successful1 attended their court eight tedious years6 ,at the end of this time1 two merchants1 trusting to royal security1 and advancing seventeen thousand ducats towards fitting out the vessels1 ,columbus received his patent2 and on the #bc;d of ,august #adib set sail1 with three ships only1 from the port of ,palos in ,andalusia4#bjd ,in less than a month after his departure from the ,canaries1 he discovered the first island in ,america2#bje and like our immortal ,admiral ,drake1 found the fair harvest he had hoped to reap in great danger of being blighted by the murmuring and discontent of his crew4 ,to check this mutinous spirit required both resolution and address1 and in ,columbus they were united4 ,he quieted his companions1 and1 with true catholic formality1 baptized his new discovery ,st4 ,salvadore4 ,he soon after made the ,lucayan ,islands1 together with those of ,cuba and ,hispaniola1 now called ,st4 ,domingo2 and1 at the end of nine months1 returned with some of the natives1 a quantity of gold1 and sundry curious productions of the places he had visited1--all of which he laid at the feet of ,isabella and ,ferdinand4 ,their ,majesties were neither insensible of his merit nor ungrateful for his services3 they suffered him to be seated1 and added a privilege heretofore confined to grandees--the honour of being covered in their presence2 and crowned their favours by creating him admiral and viceroy of whatever he should add to their dominions4 ,columbus having found a new empire1 and explored a new world1 was now considered as more than mortal4 ,those who had loudly decried his plan as the chimerical project of a madman1 were most eager to patronize the heaven-born navigator1 and embark under his command4 ,he a second time set sail1 not with three small vessels1 but an armament of seventeen ships1 manned by a crew who almost adored him1 and discovered ,jamaica1 the ,caribbees1 and several other islands4 ,his elevation had been too sudden to be permanent2 his talents were too transcendent to be seen without envy4 ,notwithstanding the services which he had rendered to ,spain1 the dignities with which he was invested1 and the flattering prospects with which he set sail1 he was brought home prisoner1 by judges who had been sent on board the same vessel as spies upon his conduct2 and arrived at the court where he had a short time before been covered with laurels--loaded with chains4 ,for this mortifying degradation he was indebted to ,fonseca1 ,bishop of ,burgos1 the intendant of the expedition4 ,isabella1 ashamed of seeing a man to whom she was indebted for the brightest jewel in her crown thus dishonoured1 ordered him to be immediately set at liberty2 but it does not appear that either queen or king punished the person by whose machinations he had been so ignominiously treated4 ,whether his royal protectors feared that he would retain whatever he might acquire1 wished personally to scrutinize his actions1 or had any other inducement1 he was not suffered to leave ,spain for upwards of four years4 ,at the expiration of that time he was sent upon another voyage1 discovered the continent at six degrees distant from the equator2 and saw that part of the coast on which ,carthagena has been since built4 ,after several years' absence he returned to ,spain1 and in the year #aejf died at ,valladolid4 ,by the king's command1 he was honoured with a magnificent funeral2 and on the marble which covered his remains was the following concise and characteristic epitaph3 ,,columbus ,,gave ,,castile ,,and ,,leon ,a ,,new ,,world4 ,by the success of his first voyage1 doubt had been changed into admiration2 from the honours with which he was rewarded1 admiration degenerated into envy4 ,to deny that his discovery carried in its train consequences infinitely more important than had resulted from any made since the creation1 was impossible4 ,his enemies had recourse to another expedient1 and boldly asserted that there was neither wisdom in the plan nor hazard in the enterprise4 ,when he was once at a ,spanish supper1 the company took this ground2 and being by his narrative furnished with the reflections which had induced him to undertake his voyage1 and the course that he had pursued in its completion1 sagaciously observed1 that it was impossible for any man a degree above an idiot to have failed of success4 ,the whole process was so obvious1 it must have been seen by a man who was half blind6 ,nothing could be so easy6 ,it is not difficult1 now ,i have pointed out the way1 was the answer of ,columbus2 but easy as it will appear1 when you are possessed of my method1 ,i do not believe that1 without such instruction1 any person present could place one of these eggs upright on the table4 ,the cloth1 knives1 and forks were thrown aside1 and two of the party1 placing their eggs as required1 kept them steady with their fingers4 ,one of them swore there could be no other way4 ,we will try1 said the navigator2 and giving an egg1 which he held in his hand1 a smart stroke upon the table1 it remained upright4#bjf ,the emotions which this excited in the company are expressed in their countenances4 ,in the be-ruffed booby at his left hand1 it raises astonishment2 he is a ,,dear ,,me6 man1 of the same family with ,sterne's ,simple ,traveller1 and came from ,amiens only yesterday4 ,the fellow behind him1 beating his head1 curses his own stupidity2 and the whiskered ruffian1 with his forefinger on the egg1 is in his heart cursing ,columbus4 ,as to the two veterans on the other side1 they have lived too long to be agitated with trifles3 he who wears a cap exclaims1 ,is this all6 and the other1 with a bald head1 ,by ,st4 ,jago1 ,i did not think of that6 ,in the face of ,columbus there is not that violent and excessive triumph which is exhibited by little characters on little occasions3 he is too elevated to be overbearing2 and1 pointing to the conical solution of his problematical conundrum1 displays a calm superiority1 and silent internal contempt4 ,two eels1 twisted round the eggs upon the dish1 are introduced as specimens of the line of beauty2 which is again displayed on the table-cloth1 and hinted at on the knife blade4 ,in all these curves there is peculiar propriety2 for the etching was given as a receipt-ticket to the ,analysis1 where this favourite undulating line forms the basis of his system4#bjg ,in the print of ,columbus there is evident reference to the criticisms#bjh on what ,hogarth called his own discovery2 and in truth the connoisseurs' remarks on the painter were dictated by a similar spirit to those of the critics on the navigator3 they first asserted there was no such line1 and when he had proved that there was1 gave the honour of discovery to ,lomazzo1 ,michael ,angelo1 etc4 etc4 ,,the ,,five ,,orders ,,of ,,periwigs4 ,,as ,,they ,,were ,,worn ,,at ,,the ,,late ,,coronation1 ,,measured ,,architectonically4 ,illustration3 7the five orders of periwigs7 ,advertisement 7inserted under the ,print74 ,in about seventeen years#baj will be completed1 in six volumes folio1 price fifteen guineas1 ,the ,exact ,measurements of the ,periwigs of the ,ancients2 taken from the ,statues1 ,bustos1 and ,basso ,relievos of ,athens1 ,palmyra1 ,balbec1 and ,rome2 by ,modesto1 ,periwig-meter1 from ,lagado4 ,n4,b4--,none will be sold but to ,subscribers4--,published as the ,act directs1 ,oct4 #ae1 #agfa1 by ,w4 ,hogarth4 ,previous to this print being published1 ,mr4 ,stuart1 generally denominated ,athenian ,stuart1 advertised that he intended to publish by subscription a book1 entitled ,the ,antiquities of ,athens1 measured and delineated by himself and ,nicholas ,revitt1 painters and architects4#baa ,the first volume of this excellent work was published in #agfb2 it received1 and we may add it deserved1 approbation from every man who had taste enough to relish those stupendous monuments of ancient art1 which the barbarians who now possess the country either destroy or suffer to moulder into dust4 ,to leave a trace behind was the object of ,stuart's book2 but ,hogarth had so long accustomed himself to laugh at the grand gusto of the ,grecian school1 that ,i can readily suppose he at length thought any plan which might damp the public ardour for antiquity would be a correction of national taste4#bab ,with this view he published the print now under consideration2 and if ridicule were a test of truth1 it must have effected his purpose4 ,minute accuracy is the leading feature of ,stuart's book2 minute accuracy is the leading point in ,hogarth's satire4 ,under the shadowy umbrage of his remarkable wigs he has introduced several remarkable characters4 ,two profiles in the upper row1 under the title ,episcopal1 or ,parsonic1 are said to be intended for ,doctor ,warburton1 late ,bishop of ,gloucester1 and ,doctor ,samuel ,squire1 then ,bishop of ,st4 ,david's4 ,the next row is inscribed ,old ,peerian1 or ,aldermanic2 the first face1 in every sense full1 is said to be meant for ,lord ,melcombe2 but considering the class he is placed in1 may as well represent some sagacious alderman of the day4 ,at the opposite end of the same line is that remarkable winged periwig1 worn by ,sir ,samuel ,fludyer1 ,lord ,mayor of ,london1 at the coronation4 ,a row beneath is made up of the ,lexonic1 and under it is the ,composite1 or half-natural1 and the ,queerinthian1 or ,queue de ,renard4 ,even with them is a barber's block1 crowned with a pair of compasses1 and marked ,athenian measure4 ,this ,i believe was intended as a caricature of ,mr4 ,stuart1 and considered as such is an overcharged resemblance4 ,above the block is a table of references1 and facing it a scale1 divided into nodules1 or noddles2 nasos1 or noses2 and minutes4 ,to enter fully into the spirit of this whimsical print1 the spectator must be acquainted with the terms of architecture4 ,at the bottom is a portrait of her ,majesty1 distinguished by the simplicity of her head-dress1 and five right honourable ladies1 whose different ranks are pointed out by their coronets1 and who all wear the tryglyph membretta drop1 or neck-lock4 ,those who knew their persons will find no difficulty in ascertaining their respective titles4 ,the bed-chamber ladies in #agfa were--,duchess of ,ancaster1 ,duchess of ,hamilton1 ,countess of ,effingham1 ,countess of ,northumberland1 ,viscountess ,weymouth1 ,viscountess ,bolingbroke4#bac ,about the centre of the print is the following inscription3-- ,lest the beauty of these capitals should chiefly depend as usual on the delicacy of the engraving1 the author hath etched them with his own hand4 ,they are etched with spirit1 and in spelling--incorrect as can be desired by ,mr4 ,hogarth's greatest enemy4 ,the word ,advertisement is1 in latter impressions1 corrected by an e being inserted on the ,countess of ,northumberland's left shoulder4 ,,the ,,bench4 ,,character1 ,,caricature1 ,,and ,,outre4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,bench4 ,there are hardly any two things more essentially different than character and caricature2 nevertheless they are usually confounded and mistaken for each other1 on which account this explanation is attempted4 ,it has ever been allowed1 that when a character is strongly marked in the living face1 it may be considered as an index of the mind1 to express which with any degree of justness in painting1 requires the utmost efforts of a great master4 ,now1 that which has of late years got the name of caricature1 is1 or ought to be1 totally divested of every stroke that hath a tendency to good drawing2 it may be said to be a species of lines that are produced rather by the hand of chance than of skill3 for the early scrawlings of a child1 which do but barely hint an idea of a human face1 will always be found to be like some person or other1 and will often form such a comical resemblance1 as in all probability the most eminent caricatures of these times will not be able to equal with design2 because their ideas of objects are so much the more perfect than children's1 that they will unavoidably introduce some kind of drawing3 for all the humorous effects of the fashionable manner of caricaturing chiefly depend on the surprise we are under at finding ourselves caught with any sort of similitude in objects absolutely remote in their kind4 ,let it be observed1 the more remote in their nature1 the greater is the excellence of these pieces4 ,as a proof of this1 ,i remember a famous caricature of a certain ,italian singer1 that struck at first sight1 which consisted only of a straight perpendicular line1 with a dot over it4 ,as to the ,french word outr1 it is different from the foregoing1 and signifies nothing more than the exaggerated outline of a figure1 all the parts of which may be in other respects a perfect and true picture of human nature4 ,a giant or a dwarf may be called a common man outr2 so any part1 as a nose1 or leg1 made bigger or less than it ought to be1 is that part outr1 which is all that is to be understood by this word1 injudiciously used to the prejudice of character4--,see ,excess1 ,analysis of ,beauty1 chap4 #f4 ,the unfinished group of heads in the upper part of this print was added by the author in ,october #agfd1 and was intended as a further illustration of what is here said concerning character1 caricature1 and outr4 ,he worked upon it the day before his death1 which happened the #bfth of that month4 ,the system which ,mr4 ,hogarth has laboured to establish in the above inscription1 and which ,i think the genuine system1 he has not illustrated with his usual felicity in the print to which it is annexed4 ,it was published in #ageh1 and in its first state exhibited a view of the ,court of ,common ,pleas1 and portraits of the four sages who then sat on that ,bench4#bad ,lord ,chief-,justice ,sir ,john ,willes is the principal figure2 on his right hand is ,sir ,edward ,clive1 and on his left ,mr4 ,justice ,bathurst1 and the ,honourable ,william ,noel4 ,in this state the print gave character only2 for though the robes of my ,lord ,chief-,justice may have a shade of the outr1 they in no degree approach to that caricature which the unfinished group added to the plate in #agfd was intended to display4 ,had the artist lived to finish them1 they might have given weight to his assertions1 but in their present state do not much illuminate his doctrine4 ,the picture1 from which each of the prints considerably vary1 was originally the property of ,sir ,george ,hay1 and is now in the possession of ,mr4 ,edwards4 ,,the ,,beggars' ,,opera4 ,the charge is prepar'd2 the lawyers are met2 ,the judges all rang'd 7a terrible show67 ,i go undismayed1--for death is a debt1 ,a debt on demand1--so take what ,i owe4 ,then farewell1 my love1--dear charmers1 adieu2 ,contented ,i die1--'tis the better for you4 ,here ends all dispute the rest of our lives1 ,for this way at once ,i please all my wives4 ,illustration3 ,,beggars' ,,opera ,,act ,,iii4 ,from the third act of this very instructive and popular opera1 ,mr4 ,hogarth has selected the subject of this print4 ,the scene is laid in ,newgate1 and the point of time seems to be about the fifty-third air1 which is sung by the elegant and accomplished ,,captain ,,macheath4 ,which way shall ,i turn me8 how shall ,i decide8 ,wives1 the day of our death1 are as fond as a bride4 ,one wife is too much for most husbands to hear2 ,but two at a time1 there's no mortal can bear4 ,this way1 and that way1 and which way ,i will1 ,what would comfort the one1 t'other wife would take ill4 ,,polly4 ,but if his own misfortunes have made him insensible to mine1--a father1 sure1 will be more compassionate4 ,dear1 dear sir1 sink the material evidence1 and bring him off at his trial1--,polly upon her knees begs it of you4 ,when my hero in court appears1 ,and stands arraign'd for his life1 ,then think of poor ,polly's tears1 ,for ah6 poor ,polly's his wife4 ,like the sailor he holds up his hand1 ,distress'd on the dashing wave2 ,to die a dry death at land ,is as bad as a wat'ry grave4 ,and alas1 poor ,polly6 ,alack1 and well-a-day6 ,before ,i was in love1 ,oh6 every month was ,may4 ,,lucy4 ,if ,peachum's heart is hardened1 sure you1 sir1 will have more compassion on a daughter3 ,i know the evidence is in your power4 ,how then can you be a tyrant to me8 ,when he holds up his hand1 arraign'd for his life1 ,o think of your daughter1 and think ,i'm his wife6 ,what are cannons1 or bombs1 or clashing of swords8 ,for death is more certain by witnesses' words4 ,then nail up their lips3 that dread thunder allay2 ,and each month of my life will hereafter be ,may4 ,for more of ,mr4 ,gay's moral dialogue ,i have not room4 ,in the year #agbg1 it was performed sixty-three nights successively1 and in the year #agia retains its primitive attractions1 and is become what the ,drury ,lane diary styles a stock play4 ,that it is countenanced by the public is an apology for the managers3 ,for they who live to please1 must please to live2 but that it should have the sanction of the ,chamberlain is astonishing4#bae ,we are told in ,mr4 ,boswell's ,johnson1 that when ,gay showed this opera to his patron1 the late worthy ,duke of ,queensberry1 his ,grace's observation was1 ,this is a very odd thing1 ,gay2 it is either a very good thing1 or a very bad thing4 ,it proved the former1 beyond the warmest expectations of the author or his friends2 though ,quin1 whose knowledge of the public taste cannot be questioned1 was so doubtful of its success1 that he refused to play the part of ,macheath1 which was therefore given to ,walker4 ,in the same volumes ,i learn that ,dr4 ,johnson did not apprehend that the performance of this opera had the pernicious influence which is ascribed to it4#baf ,for the ,doctor's talents and virtues ,i have a reverence bordering upon idolatry3 in questions of morality he can seldom be contradicted1 and without the strongest conviction that in this point he is wrong1 ,i should tremble to dissent from his opinion2 but my deductions are drawn from examples that to me are conclusive4 ,with three instances that ,i had an accidental opportunity of seeing1 ,i was very forcibly impressed4 ,two boys1 under nineteen years of age1 children of worthy and respectable parents1 fled from their friends1 and pursued courses that threatened an ignominious termination to their lives4 ,after much search they were found engaged in midnight depredations1 and in each of their pockets was the ,beggars' ,opera4 ,a boy of seventeen1 some years since tried at the ,old ,bailey for what there was every reason to think his first offence1 acknowledged himself so delighted with the spirited and heroic character of ,macheath1 that on quitting the theatre he laid out his last guinea in the purchase of a pair of pistols1 and stopped a gentleman on the highway4#bag ,the accumulation of similiar facts is not necessary4 ,those who think that lively dialogue1 and natural though vulgar repartee1 can atone for what gives new attractions to vice1 will1 ,i suppose1 continue to sanction this performance by attending the representation4 ,if anything could balance the baneful influence it is calculated to disseminate1 ,gay must be allowed the praise of having attempted to stem ,italia's liquid stream1 which at that time meandered through every alley1 street1 and square in the metropolis2 the honour of having almost silenced the effeminate song of that absurd exotic1 ,italian opera1 which a little previous to this time was the grand pursuit of the fashionable world4 ,for to the dishonour of true taste1 to the disgrace of common sense1 the discords and jarrings of ,cuzzoni1 ,faustina1 and ,senesino1 excited as much attention1 and were entered into with as much party zeal1 as were the political contests between ,lord ,chatham and ,sir ,robert ,walpole1 or those still more recent1 between ,mr4 ,charles ,fox and ,mr4 ,william ,pitt4#bah ,the method ,gay took to rout this army of unnatural auxiliaries does great honour to his generalship4 ,a new disorder had been imported from the ,continent1 and like the plague which was wont to be imported from ,turkey1 infected our capital4 ,to lay an embargo upon sound was impossible2 to make an echo perform quarantine1 ridiculous6--he took a better mode1 drew up song against sing-song1 and to the soft sonnetteering stanza of ,italy1 opposed the nervous old ballad of ,britain4 ,he brought into the field the whole force of three kingdoms1 and took his tunes from the most popular songs of the ancient bards of ,england1 ,scotland1 and ,wales4 ,britons strike home was the word2 ,chevy ,chase led the van1 was followed by a ,soldier and a ,sailor singing ,all ,joy to great ,csar1 and chorussed by ,shenkin of a ,noble ,race2 when ,an old ,woman clothed in ,gray1 with a ,bonny ,broom in her hand1 swept the whole swarm of buzzing caterpillars ,over the ,hills and far away4 ,goldoni's opera1 ,i ,,viaggiatori ,,ridicoli ,,tornati ,,in ,,italia1#bai was in a degree realized4#bbj ,for ,italian music1 ,william ,hogarth had about as much respect as ,john ,gay1 and was therefore so well pleased with a subject which threw it into ridicule1 that he not only painted it three times1 but has in several of his miscellaneous prints made these senseless sounds one great object of his satire4 ,the picture from which this is copied was painted in the year #agbi1 for ,mr4 ,rich of ,covent ,garden ,theatre2 at the sale of his effects in #agfb1 it was purchased by the late ,duke of ,leeds1#bba and is at this time 7#ahjf7 in the collection of the noble peer who now bears that title4 ,when the late ,duke permitted ,messrs4 ,boydell to copy it1 the print was engraved by ,mr4 ,blake4 ,to these volumes is annexed an outline descriptive of the characters1 which it is therefore unnecessary to enumerate in this page4#bbb ,they afford a good example of the dresses1 and what was then called the dignified manner1 of the old school4 ,that any woman should admire such a figure as ,mr4 ,walker in ,macheath1 must excite a degree of astonishment2 but to believe for a moment that so attractive a female as ,miss ,fenton would choose such an ,adonis1#bbc must1 even in the year #agbg1 require a very large portion of dramatic faith4 ,her charms have fascinated the ,duke of ,bolton3 his eye is fixed on her face1 and his mind wholly engrossed by the contemplation of that beauty which he afterwards made his own4 ,mr4 ,rich1 and ,mr4 ,cock the auctioneer1 are properly enough represented as totally inattentive to the scene4 ,the poet immediately behind them1 saturated by public approbation1 pays no greater regard to the performance than is displayed by the manager4 ,it had made ,gay rich1 and ,rich gay1 and that was sufficient4 ,as ,hogarth was invariably faithful in delineating what he saw1 ,i dare believe the characters are represented as they were4 ,considered in that point1 without regard to other merit1 it has quite as much value as many groups of portraits which are published in this our day1 and denominated ,historical ,pictures4 ,in the beginning of the year #agbi1 ,hogarth painted for a ,sir ,archibald ,grant two original pictures1 ,the ,committee1#bbd and the ,beggars' ,opera2 but though ,sir ,archibald paid half-price for them at the time he gave the order1 ,i cannot positively assert that they were ever in his possession1 for they afterwards got into the hands of ,mr4 ,huggins1 at the sale of whose effects the latter was purchased by ,doctor ,monkhouse1 of ,queen's ,college1 ,oxford4 ,it has a frame with a carved bust of ,gay at the top4 ,the late ,horace ,lord ,orford had a sketch of a scene in the same play4 ,,the ,,indian ,,emperor2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,conquest ,,of ,,mexico3 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,conquest ,,of ,,mexico4 ,as performed at ,mr4 ,conduit's1 ,master of the ,mint1 before the ,duke of ,cumberland1 etc4 ,,dramatis ,,person4 ,,cortez4 ,,cydaria4 ,,almeria4 ,,alibeck4 ,,act4 ,,iv4--,,scene #dth4--,a ,prison4 ,,cydaria4 ,more cruel than the tiger o'er his spoil1 ,and falser than the weeping crocodile2 ,can you add vanity to guilt1 and take ,a pride to hear the conquests which you make8 ,go2 publish your renown1 let it be said ,you have a woman1 and that lov'd betray'd4 ,,cortez4 ,with what injustice is my faith accused6 ,life6 freedom6 empire6 ,i at once refus'd2 ,and would again ten thousand times for you4 ,,almeria4 ,she'll have too great content to find him true2 ,and therefore since his love is not for me1 ,i'll help to make my rival's misery4 ,spaniard1 ,i never thought you false before2 ,can you at once two mistresses adore8 ,keep the poor soul no longer in suspense1 ,your change is such1 it does not need defence4 ,the scene of ,hogarth's last drama was ,newgate2 and in this it is a ,mexican prison1 where his pigmy personages are playing their little parts in one of ,dryden's heroic tragedies4 ,that these minor performers should prefer rhyme to prose1 ,i can readily conceive--the jingling of verse is a great help to your short memory2 but that ,dryden1 the great high priest of all the ,nine1 should so far deviate from nature and outrage common sense as thus to fetter his dramatic dialogue1 is to be accounted for on no other principle than the vile taste of ,charles the ,second's vile ,court4 ,the play is dedicated to the most excellent and most illustrious ,princess ,anne1 ,duchess of ,monmouth and ,buccleuch1 wife to the most illustrious and high-born ,james ,duke of ,monmouth2 and by that dedication#bbe appears to have been warmly patronized by the most eminent persons of wit and honour4 ,it is a sequel to the ,indian ,queen1 written by ,dryden and ,sir ,robert ,howard1 which was published two years before4 ,of this connection between the two tragedies1 notice was given to the audience by printed bills distributed at the door1#bbf--;an expedient which the ,duke of ,buckingham very happily ridicules in ,the ,rehearsal1 when ,bayes boasts of the number of bills he has printed1 to instil into the audience some conception of his plot4 ,by the age of the warlike ,william of ,cumberland1 ,i conjecture that these embryotic heroes and heroines strutted away their little hour about the year #agca2 and though the play which they are enacting is beneath the blazing genius of ,john ,dryden1 it is well worthy the puny powers of these puny performers4#bbg ,lady ,sophia ,fermor1 who plays the part of ,almeria1 in #agdd married ,lord ,granville1 and died in #agej4 ,the prompter was a ,mr4 ,t4 ,hill2 and though this reverend gentleman is in rather too conspicuous a situation1 he is not quite so obtrusive an object as the prompter at the ,opera ,house4 ,the governess playing with one of the children was ,lady ,deloraine4 ,miss ,conduit1 who appears as ,alibeck1 was daughter to ,catherine1 the niece of ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 and in #agdj married ,lord ,lymington1 eldest son to ,john first ,earl of ,portsmouth4 ,the names and additions of three of the auditors are inserted under the small print4 ,one of the figures has a resemblance to the courtly ,lord ,chesterfield4 ,upon the chimney-piece is the bust of ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 and it is fair to conjecture that the two framed portraits represent ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,conduit4 ,the figure leaning on the back of a chair is said to be intended for the ,duke of ,montagu2 and the two in the background1 for the ,duke and ,duchess of ,richmond4 ,hogarth's original painting is the property of ,lord ,holland4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,the ,,end4 ,the writer of this catalogue is now come to his last chapter1 and has before him the last plate that ,hogarth engraved1 which is properly denominated the ,finis to that great painter's works4 ,of the various opinions which the numerous readers of these his volumes will form at this his conclusion1 he can have no certain judgment2 but fears that some of them may be thus anticipated4 ,the votary of comedy1 who considers ,hogarth as a mere burlesque painter1 with whom he only wishes to laugh1 will deem this book too grave2 while the saturnine spirit1 that looks at him as a mere sermonic moralist1 will say it is not grave enough4 ,the man who supposes that every character was individual1 and expects the scandalous chronicle of those who were satirized by the artist1 will probably complain that there is too little anecdote2 while he that considers this as a frivolous1 gossiping1 and anecdotish age1 will say there is too much4 ,some will observe that these volumes are too long1 and in the style of a tired mariner1 exult that they see land4 ,in this their exultation the writer most sincerely participates1 but at the same time acknowledges 7so predominant is vanity7 that he trusts there are who would not regret if the work were still longer1 who will correct what they find erroneous without triumphing in their superior sagacity1 and candidly forgive the writer's weakness without too much glorying in their own strength4 ,from the pedantic and quizzical connoisseur ,i expect no mercy1 but suppose that the book and the writer will be arraigned and condemned in manner and form following3-- ,i took up these volumes with the expectation of seeing all the characters that ,hogarth introduced determined1 and all his variations recorded4 ,with respect to the characters1 some are mistaken1 and others are omitted2 and as to the variations1 few are noticed4#bbh ,concerning a multitude of invaluable prints1 which have singly produced three times as much as the volume of his prints in their present state sells for1 there is not even a catalogue2 there are many pages of extraneous matter1 which ,i had not patience to read2 every iota of ,hogarth ,i understood without the assistance of this book4 ,with all possible humility the author declareth1 that for your use or benefit he did not compile it4 ,laugh where you may1 be candid where you can4 ,that you may know some of the characters of which the writer is ignorant1 he willingly acknowledges2 that you may guess at many1 where he sees no ground for conjecture1 he cheerfully admits2 and that both you and himself are very frequently mistaken1 he firmly believes4 ,the prints are described as they are copied from the present state of the plates1 and the material alterations incidentally noticed4 ,however great the merit of the tankards and teapots1 the waiters and coats of arms1 to reduce them did not come into the present plan2 to commemorate them was unnecessary4#bbi ,the author of these volumes1 from the day he has written man1 inspected the works of ,hogarth with delight1 but was not fully conscious of their superlative merit until the compilation of these remarks1 in the progress of which his duty to the public obliged him to examine their design1 and endeavour to illustrate their tendency4 ,in this he has engaged with the consciousness that there would be error1--which to such a work is necessarily attached4 ,to those readers who are not too fastidious to peruse it with this allowance1 or who have not hitherto looked at ,hogarth with the attention he merits1 it is addressed4 ,if it impels them to more minute inspection of his works1 the purpose is answered4 ,yes1 great and unrivalled genius6 every contemplation of thy works must be succeeded by admiration6 ,,the ,,bathos1 ,,or ,,manner ,,of ,,sinking ,,in ,,sublime ,,paintings4#bca ,inscribed to the dealers in dark pictures4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,bathos4 ,in five compartments beneath the title are the following inscriptions3-- ,in the dexter corner is a pyramidical shell inscribed3 ,the conic form in which the ,goddess of ,beauty was worshipped by the ancients at ,paphos in the ,island of ,cyprus4 ,see the medal struck when a ,roman emperor visited the temple4 ,simulacrum ,de non effigie humana1 continuus orbis latiori initio tenuem in ambitum meta modo1 exsurgens et ratio in obscuro4--,,tacit4 ,hist4 lib4 #b4 ,in the sinister corner is a white pyramid1 round which is twisted the favourite serpentine line inscribed3-- ,a copy of the precise line of ,beauty1 as it is represented on the first explanatory plate of the ',analysis of ,beauty4' ,venus a ,paphiis colitur1 cujus simulacrum nulli rei magis assimile1 quam alb ,pyramidi4--,,maximus ,,tyrius1 ,ann4 #aeg4 ,note4--,the similarity of these two conic figures did not occur to the author till two or three years after the publication of the ,analysis in #aged4 ,thus conclude the inscriptions4 ,we will next inquire into the motives by which the artist was actuated1 and the subjects he has intended to satirize in this his concluding enigmatical and pun-ical print4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the labours of this great painter to the passions are now at an end2 and this is the last page of his eventful and instructive histories4 ,those which he had formed into a series1 added to the single prints1 portraits1 etc41 had become so numerous as to form a large volume4 ,a concluding plate seemed necessary2 and we are told that1 a few months before he was seized with that malady which deprived society of one of its greatest ornaments1 he had in contemplation a last engraving4 ,after a dinner with a few social friends at his own table1 enjoying ,the feast of reason1 and the flow of soul1 the board crowned with wine1 and each glass circulating convivial cheerfulness1 he was asked1 ,what will be the subject of your next print8 ,the end of all things6 was his reply4 ,if that should be the case1 added one of his friends1 your business will be finished1 for there will be an end of the painter4 ,with a look that conveyed a consciousness of approaching dissolution1 and a deep sigh1 he answered1 ,there will so2 and therefore1 the sooner my work is done the better4 ,with this impulse he next day began this plate1 and seeming to consider it as a terminus to his fame1 never turned to the right or left until he arrived at the end of his journey4 ,the aim of this ,omega to his own alphabet was twofold2 to bring together every object which denoted the end of time1 and throw a ridicule upon the bathos and profundity of the ancient masters4 ,that the bathos is not confined to the poet1 but hath at sundry times and in divers manners been of sovereign use to the painter1 ,i am well convinced4 ,my opinion was originally formed upon the inspection of many ancient and modern pictures1 innumerable volumes of ancient and modern prints1 and an annual attendance at the ,royal ,exhibition3 it was confirmed by the perusal of some papers on the arts1 which came into my possession by one of those fortunate accidents that happen to few men above once in their lives4 ,walking some years ago through ,harp ,alley1 ,i observed a porter carrying an old trunk without a cover1 in which was a little picture in a broad and deep ebony frame1 a few mutilated pamphlets1 a parcel of prints1 and an old manuscript volume bound in vellum4 ,he laid down his load at a broker's shop2 ,i inspected it1 and seeing the book inscribed ,mart4 ,scrib41 purchased the whole lot1 took a hackney coach1 and joyfully conveyed my prize home4 ,eagerly inspecting the contents1 ,i found the picture was ,dutch1 and turned to a tint sombre as the frame3 by the help of clear water ,i brought out the colours1 and-- ,oh6 ,jephtha1 judge of ,israel1--what a treasure6 ,to have painted it1 must have been the labour of a long life4 ,such a green stall6--such a cabbage6--a cauliflower6--a string of ,spanish onions6--a bunch of carrots6--a lobster6--a brass kettle6--and a sunflower6--,i never beheld before4 ,so clear6 transparent6 vivid6--,it was forcible as ,rembrandt6 brilliant as ,rubens6--and for finishing--the most accurate works of ,denner6--the most delicate pencilling of the ,chevalier ,vanderweff6--compared with this charming tableau1 would appear hasty sketches4 ,the pamphlets were ,german1 and touched of the transmutation of metals2 to discover which1 who can calculate the loads of charcoal that have been burnt1 the retorts that have been burst1 or the heads that have been turned8 ,that this grand arcanum of nature will at some future day be revealed1 ,i have no doubt2 and there is little reason to fear but the benefit of the discovery will be reaped by this island2--because1 ,britain is highly favoured by the gods2 and several great calculators have clearly proved1 that without some such miraculous assistance1 ,britain must be undone by her enormous national debt4 ,the prints were ,flemish2 but these subjects are foreign to my manuscript4 ,first craving pardon for the digression1 to that ,i proceed4 ,by time#bcb it was turned to the colour of old parchment1 but that it was written by the righte cunnynge hand of ,martinus ,scriblerus there can be little doubt4 ,when he sent some literary memoranda to ,arbuthnot1#bcc he recommended to the ,doctor the recovery of others which lay straggling about the world4#bcd ,let it be also remembered1 that though this prodigy of science presented to our ,english ,cervantes numerous tracts1 he might not think the ,doctor would have a proper value for those on painting4 ,that ,martinus was a competent judge of the fine arts1 is proved by his fifth chapter on ,sinking in ,poetry4 ,now as the family of the ,scribleri1 with all their alliances and collateral relations1 have time immemorial been distinguished for the cacothes scribendi of whatever he was a judge1 certes he would write1 and that which he hath written ,i have happily preserved4 ,a few extracts#bce which ,i have inserted will give a general idea of the whole1 which is entitled1 ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,sinking ,,in ,,painting2 and is thus introduced in the ,prolegomena3-- ,great and manifold have been the benefits 7my dear countryman7 which poesy hath derived from that innumerable army of critics and commentators1 who fabricated fences to keep her in bounds1 and bore blazing torches to irradiate her path4 ,lamentable is it to consider how few lights have been held out to her sister art2 who1 notwithstanding an equal or prior claim1 hath been suffered to wander through her dreary night with no other illumination than the glow-worm on the bank1 or the ignis fatuus in the ditches4 ,for the use and service of the poet there is an ocean of commentary2 while the painter hath no other stream in which to slake his thirst for instruction than that which creeps among the weeds in the meadow1 or gurgles over the pebbles in the valley4 ,from intense application to the mysterious tablets of my great ancestors1 for ages professors of astrology and chemistry in the universities of ,germany1 ,i am empowered to see by anticipation4 ,for me it is decreed to strike the rock of nature with the rod of science1 and liberate the fountain of truth1 whose waters shall fertilize this ungenial isle4 ,ye whose well-poised pinions enable you to soar above this our terrestrial globe1 and dip your pencils in the rainbow6 come and contemplate the magic mirror of ,martinus ,scriblerus4 ,conscious am ,i that this our divine muse1 who hath not unaptly been styled journeywoman to ,nature1 is now in a profound sleep2 but in the coming century she shall awake from her trance1 shake the dust from her many-coloured mantle1 and dazzle the surrounding nations4 ,blest with the power of penetrating the cloud of time1 which is impervious to vulgar sight1 ,i see1 as in a vision1 the wonders of another age2 and should these my lucubrations be neglected by my contemporaries1 happy am ,i in the confidence that by their posterity they will be properly estimated1 and sought for as were the ,sibyl's leaves1 regarded as the oracles of ,apollo1 and considered as the touchstone of true taste4 ,to the age of whom they are worthy1 and who are worthy of them1 ,i dedicate these my labours4 ,the few who have written upon the fine arts have endeavoured to inculcate simplicity of action1 anatomical correctness1 symmetry of parts1 harmony of colouring1 easy folding of drapery1 and due attention to the grouping of figures4 ,these rules can only be classed among the idle dreams of visionary speculation2 resign yourselves unto my guidance1 and listen unto the lessons of truth4 ,in every animal there is an original instinct1 tending towards that for which it was by nature designed4 ,in man1 there is a natural bias to the bathos2 but he must be instructed1 or rather compelled into any relish or taste for what is denominated the sublime4 ,to prove this my position1 show a collection of drawings or paintings to a child3 it will be irresistibly attracted by glittering colours1 forced expressions1 and grotesque1 or what are commonly called caricatured countenances4 ,let the savage1 who is not vitiated by idle rules1 and has never seen painted canvas1 be taken into a picture-gallery1--his natural taste will lead him to similar objects4 ,what the artists call a quiet picture1 he will quietly pass2 but let the figures be crowded1 the attitudes extravagant1 and the colours gaudy1--his attention and admiration are ensured4 ,these facts being admitted1 and they cannot be denied1 why should we not take the genuine undebauched disposition of man in his original state of simplicity1 as a better criterion of truth than that ideal nature which hath misled many painters and writers2 of whose fantastic dogmas ,i cannot too strongly caution you to beware4 ,should you1 in the course of your early studies1 have contracted any of this ancient rugo1--it is corrosive1--consider it as the dross of science1 and scatter it in the air1 for with my precepts it cannot coalesce4 ,ideal beauty is a childish absurdity4 ,painting is1 or ought to be1 an imitation of nature2 and that can never be a good picture which representeth things that never did or can exist4 ,after many more pages to the same purport1 this great philosopher divideth his subject4 ,the table of contents to a few of his chapters1 which will give a general idea of his plan1 is hereunto annexed3-- ,,chap4 #a4--,of the ,story4 ,the principal character in your piece should be an illustrious person2 but as great men may sometimes1 for their recreation and diversion1 or worse purposes1 be taken up in mean and trivial matters1 in such situations1 it is proved from many right worthy examples1 they may and ought to be delineated4 ,the ,emperor ,domitian should be represented killing flies2 ,nero1 playing upon the fiddle2 ,julius ,csar1 kicking a football2 and ,commodus1 at a bull-baiting4 ,,chap4 #b4--,relateth unto the ,allegory4 ,to raise an historical picture above vulgar expression1 it should be seasoned with allegory1 and elevated with metaphorical allusions and figures4 ,,chap4 #c4--,of the ,time4 ,in this there should be variety2 and if your story have not a sufficient number of great and famous persons to render it important and interesting1 you may embellish it with such portraitures as suit your purpose4 ,their not having lived in the same age or nation is of little import4 ,,chap4 #d4--,of the ,machinery4 ,the machinery1 id est1 the celestial and infernal powers1 must be brought into your picture on every great or difficult occasion4 ,this will not only give your delineation a classical and learned air1 but account for any wonderful action which the world might think your hero could not perform without supernatural assistance4 ,,chap4 #e4--,treateth of the ,episode4 ,to vary the pleasure of the spectator1 an historical picture should be diversified with an episode2 especial care being taken that it have no congruity with the main subject2 for the name deriveth from that which is superadded to the original plan1 and ought no more to appear a part of it than an insect appeareth as a part of the animal unto which it adhereth4 ,,chap4 #f4--;,describeth the nature and end of the ,hyperbola1 or ,impossible4 ,this image is of eminent use in giving a cast of grandeur and greatness to what would1 without it1 appear trivial and mean4 ,it excites astonishment2 and the majority of mankind being most delighted with that which is most marvellous1 is a good and sufficient cause for your works being well strewed with wonders4 ,for the contents of eighteen succeeding chapters1 treating of the cumbrous1 the inflated1 the glittering1 the infantine1 the pun-ical1 the vulgar1 and sundry other styles1 ,i have not room1 but quitting the bathos of ,martinus ,scriblerus1 must proceed unto that of ,william ,hogarth4 ,it is well worthy of the title1 for a more heterogeneous compound of ludicrous and serious objects was never displayed in one print4 ,some of his images the artist has gleaned from the common field of the poor company of punsters1 and for others hath soared into the lofty regions of mythological allegory4 ,he ascends from an inch of candle setting fire to a print1 to the chariot of the sun1 which1 with ,apollo ,pan and his three fiery coursers1 sinks into endless night4 ,mounts from the cobbler's end1 twisted round a wooden last1 to the world's end1 elegantly exemplified by a bursting globe on an alehouse sign4 ,he has contrasted the worn-out brush with the broken crown2 and opposed to the empty purse a commission of bankrupt1 which1 sanctioned with the great seal of a hero upon a white horse1 is issued and awarded against ,nature1--by ,heaven knows who6 ,he has joined the huge cracked bell of the cathedral to the broken bottle of the tavern2 and set in opposition to the mutilated column and capital of ,ionia1 the rope's end of a man-of-war4 ,the bow which1 drawn by the old ,english archer1 gave force fraught with death to the barbed arrow1 is unstrung and broken4 ,the mutilated firelock1 divested of its tube1 shall no more thin the ranks of contending armies4 ,the tottering tower1 funeral yew1 death's head1 cross-bones1 and ,hic jacet of a country churchyard1 are opposed by the hard-worn besom1 blighted oaks1 falling sign-post1 and unthatched cottage4 ,in what painters call the sky1 we have not only the son of ,latona1 but ,luna in a veil3 in the distance a ship is sinking into the bed of the ocean1 and a gibbet is erected on the shore2 to this1 in conformity with the wise institutions of our polished ancestors1 and for the luxury of those strong-beaked birds that feast their young with blood1--a lord of the creation is suspended4#bcf ,,once1-- ,on our quick'st decrees ,the inaudible and noiseless foot of ,time ,stole1 ere we could effect them4 ,,now1--his scythe1 tube1 and hour-glass being broken1 his progress is ended6 his sinews are unstrung6 his hour of dissolution arrived6--and with those five capital letters that have concluded the labours of so many learned authors1 and which conjoined form the word ,,finis1-- ,he ends his mortal coil1 and breathes his last6 ,by his will1--,the great globe itself1 and all which it inherits1 is bequeathed to ,chaos1--appointed sole executor2--and this1 his last act1 is witnessed by the ,parc4 ,the print of ,the ,times1 that gave rise to so much unmerited abuse of this wonderful painter and excellent man1 is in a blaze4 ,the palette on which he spread the varying tints of many-coloured life--broken2--the whip of satire1 armed with which he ,dar'd the rage ,of the bad men of this degenerate age1 and scourged those that were safe from the law1 and laughed at the gospel2--the whip of satire--divested of its lash1 lies unheeded on the earth4 ,the book of ,nature1 in which he was so deeply read1 and from whence he drew all his images1 is open at the last page4 ,the characters that compose his pictured tragi-comedies have passed in review before us1 and with the words engraven on the last leaf of that volume which he so well studied1 ,i will conclude this-- ,,exeunt ,,omnes4 ,illustration3 ,,hogarth',s ,,crest4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,from some late examples in our courts of justice1 ,i have thought it barely possible that this dignified descendant of crowned heads1 at the same time that he is admiring his own person1 may be observing the ,counsellor's attention to his lady1 and hoping that he shall find some future opportunity of detecting her infidelity and obtaining a divorce4 ,but this is merely conjecture4 ,i wish1 for the honour of human nature1 that there had been no example to justify such a suspicion4 #b ,the following whimsical imitation of ,chaucer was written1 ,i believe1 by ,hermes ,harris3-- ,right welle my lerned clerkis it is said1 ,that womanhoode for manne his use was made2 ,but naughtie manne liketh not one1 or soe1 ,but wisheth aye unthriftilie for mo2 ,and when by holie church to one he's tied1 ,then for his soule he cannot her abide4 ,thus when a dogge first lighteth on a bone1 ,his taile he waggeth1--gladde thereof y-growne2 ,but if thilke bone untoe his taile thou tie1 ,pardie1 he fearing it1 away doth flie4 #c ,hogarth might intend by this1 and the improprieties and violations of order in the unfinished building seen out of a window1 to hint at the absurdities of the then fashionable architect1 ,william ,kent4 ,as a painter ,kent was beneath satire1 as an architect he was above it2 but he was protected by ,lord ,burlington1 patronized by ,lord ,pembroke1 and employed by all who aspired to a character for virtu4 ,hogarth saw with disgust bordering upon indignation that his taste in one art1 modern gardening 7of which he was the acknowledged father71 procured him the reputation of excellence in another1 in which he was grossly ignorant and glaringly erroneous4 ,in some of the grounds laid out by ,kent's directions1 he realized that ,paradise which ,milton had described2 his patrons saw that he could improve nature in their plantations1 and very kindly gave him credit for a power which he never possessed--that of giving an imitation of nature on his canvas4 ,by the ,dryades his sacrifice had been accepted2 but the offering he laid upon the altar sacred to the fine arts was rejected with disdain4 ,it was the praise of ,hercules that he destroyed monsters and discomfited giants2 it was the praise of ,william ,kent that he cleared our gardens of their representatives4 ,before his time the plantations round the seats of our nobility were a kind of vernal menagerie3 the lion shook his shaggy mane in yew2 the dragon waved his wings in evergreen2 and in box1 the wild boar displayed his bristled neck and tusks terrific4 ,our disciple of true taste cleared away these fantastic forms1 and in their place gave us nature1--nature to advantage dressed4 ,but when consulted about interior decorations1 his taste evaporated4 ,the heavy canopy over the nobleman's head1 the ponderous chairs and massy frames which decorate the room1 are from his designs4 ,in some of the old houses of our ancient nobility we see furniture of a similar appearance1 though the greatest part of it1 after passing through the purgatory of a broker's shop1 has either been placed in very inferior situations or consigned to the flames4 ,of ,kent's abilities as a painter the public thought so highly1 that he was absurdly enough opposed to ,sir ,james ,thornhill4 ,this circumstance might be one source of ,hogarth's dislike2 he1 however1 took an early opportunity of showing it1 by what is called a ,burlesque of ,kent's ,altarpiece at ,st4 ,clement's ,church1 but which ,hogarth declared to be a fair delineation of the original4 ,a reduced copy is in vol4 iii4 of this work2 see p4 #ag of the #b;d edition4 #d ,some of the portraits of ,louis ,,xiv4 are quite as absurd4 ,we are told that he once sent to ,rome for ,poussin1 to paint him in the character of ,jupiter4 ,this great artist obeyed the summons1 and prepared his canvas and colours2 when1 to his extreme astonishment1 the monarch informed him that1 although he was to be delineated as the representative of ,jove1 etiquette did not permit him to appear without his major peruke1 and he must consequently be so painted4 ,poussin1 not able to conceive any way of giving appropriate dignity to the thunderer of ,olympus with this flowing appendage1 declined beginning the picture1 and returned to ,rome without making his cong4 #e ,by the loose negligence of her habit1 and some circumstances1 ,i am inclined to think the artist intended to represent her as pregnant4 ,it has been said that after ,baron had finished the plate1 ,mr4 ,hogarth added a lock of hair with ,indian ink1 but after a few impressions were taken off1 inserted this supplemental ornament with the graver4 ,in his ,analysis of ,beauty1 he makes a remark which in some degree accounts for the introduction of this fascinating attraction3-- ,it was once the fashion to have two curls of equal size1 stuck at the same height close upon the forehead1 which probably took its rise from seeing the pretty effect of curls falling loosely over the face4 ,a lock of hair falling thus across the temples1 and by that means breaking the regularity of the oval1 has an effect too alluring to be strictly decent1 as is very well known to the loose and lowest classes of women2 but being paired in so stiff a manner as they formerly were1 they lost the desired effect1 and ill deserved the name of ornaments4 ,moralists of different nations have considered hair as calculated to entangle hearts1 and one of our pious writers of the last century wrote a furious treatise on the unloveliness of love-locks4 #f ,a chair kicked down1 an ,essay on ,whist1 cards scattered on the floor1 and the general confusion of everything in the room1 seem to intimate that this right honourable society were actuated by passions somewhat similar to those which inflame the gentlemen in the sixth plate of ,the ,rake's ,progress4 ,though a genuine gamester is not apt to lose his presence of mind on slight occasions1 yet when a man of rank is stripped of sums that will draw into their vortex many anticipated years of his revenue1 he is liable to lose his temper1 and on such occasions apt to vent his spleen on inanimate objects4 ,such things sometimes happen even now4 #g ,absurd as this may seem1 yet until ,mr4 ,wedgwood introduced those beautiful ,etruscan forms which now decorate the rooms1 and form the taste of the possessors1 these shapeless monsters disgraced the most splendid apartments in the metropolis4 #h ,kent was not only consulted for furniture1 as frames of pictures1 glasses1 tables1 chairs1 etc41 but for plate1 for a barge1 for a cradle4 ,so impetuous was fashion1 that two great ladies prevailed on him to make designs for their birthday gowns4 ,the one he dressed in a petticoat decorated with columns of the five orders2 the other1 like a bronze1 in copper-coloured satin1 with ornaments of gold4--,walpole's ,anecdotes1 #b;d edit41 vol4 iv4 p4 #bci4 #i ,this race still roll round the metropolis2 and while some put their trust in chariots1 horses1 and impudence1 others depend on the credulity of his ,majesty's liege subjects4 ,the following epitaph was written for one of them3-- ,beneath lies lean old ,fillgrave1 once ,m4,d41 ,who hunger felt much oft'ner than a fee2 ,these were the last1 last words the doctor spoke 7,and1 believe me1 sirs1 the sentence was no joke71 ,the world ,i leave1 but can't the world forgive1 ,for by my patients ,i could never live4 ,in this rejoin'd a friend1 ,you'd but your due2 ,your patients1 doctor1 ne'er could live by you4--,e4 #aj ,it is said to have been designed for the once celebrated ,betty ,careless1 and the remark is supposed to be countenanced by the initials ,e4 ,c4 on her bosom4 ,this woman1 by a transmigration as natural as is that of the chrysalis1 from being one of the most fashionable of the ,cyprian corps1 became keeper of a brothel2 and after repeated arrests and many imprisonments1 was buried from the poorhouse of ,st4 ,paul's1 ,covent ,garden1 ,april #bb1 #ageb4 ,in many of the elegant ,latin odes of ,loveling her name is immortalized2 and of her person and appearance ,fielding thus speaks in his ,amelia3-- ,i happened in my youth to sit behind two ladies in a side-box at a play1 where1 in a balcony on the opposite side1 was placed the inimitable ,betsy ,careless1 in company with a young fellow of no very formal or indeed sober appearance4 ,one of the ladies1 ,i remember1 said to the other1 ',did you ever see anything look so modest and so innocent as that girl over the way8 ,what pity it is such a creature should be in the way of ruin1 as ,i am afraid she is by being alone with that young fellow4' ,now this lady was no bad physiognomist3 for it was impossible to conceive a greater appearance of modesty1 innocence1 and simplicity than what nature had displayed in the countenance of that girl1 and yet1 all appearances notwithstanding1 ,i myself 7remember1 critic1 it was in my youth7 had1 a few mornings before1 seen that very identical picture of those engaging qualities in bed with a rake at a bagnio1 smoking tobacco1 drinking punch1 talking obscenity1 and swearing and cursing with all the impudence and impiety of the lowest and most abandoned trull of a soldier4 ,hogarth noticed this woman in a former print3 one of the madmen in the last plate of ,the ,rake's ,progress has written ,charming ,betsy ,careless on the rail of the stairs1 and wears her portrait suspended to a riband tied round his neck4 ,mrs4 ,heywood's ,betsy ,thoughtless was in ,,ms4 entitled ,betsy ,careless2 but1 from the infamy at that time annexed to the name1 had a new baptism4 ,there are those who say that the letters upon this woman's bosom are not ,e4 ,c4 but ,f4 ,c41 and intended to designate ,fanny ,cock1 daughter of ,mr4 ,cock the auctioneer1 with whom the artist had a casual disagreement4 ,after all these conjectures1 ,i think it is probable that these gunpowder initials are merely the marks of a woman of the lowest rank and most infamous description4 #aa ,from the gallows1 immediately over his head1 we are led to suppose the artist intended to hint that this gentleman died for the good of his country2 but from the records of some of our mortuary historians1 it appears that about the time this set of prints were published1 a number of bodies thus preserved1 which had been exsiccated by some mode of embalming at present unknown1 were discovered in a vault in ,whitechapel ,church4 #ab ,this royal mummy1 being once the sole tenant of one of the largest pyramids1 might be more positively ascertained than any of the ,cleopatras4 ,it was1 however1 profanely removed by a wild ,arab1 who1 after he had stolen it1 sold it to the ,consul of ,alexandria1 by whom it was transmitted to ,england3 and a right grave antiquary quotes a passage in ,sandys' ,travels to prove its being genuine2 where that learned and accurate voyager assures us that he saw the sepulchre empty1 which agrees exactly1 saith he1 with the theft above mentioned4 ,he omits to observe that ,herodotus tells the same thing of it in his time4 #ac ,carestini4 #ad ,a short time before the publication of these prints1 the greatest part of our nobility acted as if they had been bitten by a tarantula4 ,the sums lavished upon exotic warblers would have supported an army2 the applause bestowed upon some of them would have turned the brain of a saint4 ,it was little short of adoration4 ,persons of inferior rank caught this jingling contagion1 and all orders of the people were infected with a musical mania1 totally foreign to our national taste1 and highly dishonourable to our national character4 ,in one of ,hogarth's former prints is a list of the rich presents ,signior ,farinelli1 the ,italian singer1 condescended to accept from the ,english nobility and gentry for one night's performance in the opera of ,artaxerxes6 comprising gold snuff-boxes1 diamond rings1 diamond buckles1 etc4 ,that such presents were actually made is ascertained by the newspapers of the day4 #ae ,the group of which this is composed is worthy observation4 ,the ,counsellor is pointing to a friar and a nun who are in close conversation4 #af ,mrs4 ,lane 7afterwards ,lady ,bingley74 #ag ,fox ,lane1 her husband4 #ah ,weideman4 #ai ,this curious delineation is whimsically placed immediately over the head of the ,italian4 #bj ,of the wisdom displayed in this judgment much has been said2 ,i have sometimes thought that a decision of the great ,frederick of ,prussia's was equally deserving of record4 ,when a list of criminals1 who had forfeited their lives by violating the laws of their country1 was once brought to him to sign1 he observed the name of a soldier convicted of sacrilege4--,that a soldier of mine should be guilty of so atrocious a crime1 said the king1 astonishes and distresses me4 ,i will not1 however1 sign his death-warrant until ,i have examined him in person4 ,the man was accordingly brought into the royal presence1 and two monks1 who were his accusers1 declared that he had come into their church during the time they were celebrating mass1 and placed himself under an image of the ,virgin ,mary1 from whose shoes he had privately taken two pearl bows1 and carried them out of the church3 they pursued him1 and found them in his pocket4 ,the king1 turning to the criminal1 desired to know what he had to say in his defence8 which was simply this3 that he was a disbanded soldier1 and in great distress for a dinner3 that he walked into the churchyard1 and earnestly prayed to the ,virgin ,mary that she would put him in the way of getting one3 that she appeared to him1 and told him she heard his supplications1 and pitied his distress2 to relieve which1 she begged him to accept of some pearls which were on the feet of her image in the neighbouring church4 ,when the doors opened1 he walked into the church and took them out of her shoes1 with an intention of converting them into money4 ,this1 said the king1 alters the face of the business2 but tell me1 most reverend fathers1 for you undoubtedly know1 is it according to your canons possible that the ,virgin could1 to relieve distress and preserve a life1 appear to this poor man in the way he describes8--,undoubtedly1 my liege1 she could1 but it is not probable that she did4 ,is it possible8--,certainly4 ,very well4 ,i will not let a soldier of mine suffer death upon probabilities4 ,he shall be discharged this time2 but observe what ,i say to you1 young man2 if at any future period ,i find that you accept another present from either virgin1 saint1 or angel1 you shall be hanged4 #ba ,it is said to be copied from the frontispiece to a twopenny history of the notified ,moll ,flanders2 but ,i do not remember seeing it among ,mr4 ,gulston's two-and-twenty thousand portraits of illustrious characters4 #bb ,this is one among many proofs of ,mr4 ,hogarth's close attention to those little markings which have been generally disregarded by other artists4 ,by a fire in the room he fixes the time to be winter1--a season in which those exotic amusements1 masquerades1 are most frequent in the metropolis4 #bc ,if he do not become a cart as well as another man--a plague on his bringing up6 #bd ,a brawn's head1 with an orange in its mouth1 was at that time a fashionable winter dish2 and it was a standing dish which might be marched from the pantry to the parlour1 and give the semblance of plenty for forty days4 ,this was perhaps one reason for our votary of ,mammon making it the leading article in his bill of fare2 the rest and residue of his feast is made up by a solitary egg4 ,a boiled egg was the usual dinner of ,sir ,hans ,sloane4 ,when he once complained to ,dr4 ,mortimer that all his friends had deserted him1 the ,doctor observed that ,chelsea was a considerable distance from the residence of most of them1 and therefore they might be disappointed when they came to find he had so slight a dinner4 ,this gentle remonstrance put the old ,baronet in a rage1 and he exclaimed1 ,keep a table6 ,invite people to dinner6 ,would you have me ruin myself8 ,public credit totters already1 and if 7as has been presaged7 there should be a national bankruptcy1 or a sponge to wipe out the national debt1 you may yet see me in a workhouse4 ,his landed estate was at that time very considerable1 and his museum worth much more than the twenty thousand pounds which was1 however1 given for it by ,parliament4 ,scanty as is our citizen's dinner1 his table-cloth is ample4 ,the founder of ,guy's ,hospital1 which is the first private foundation in the world1 was not so extravagant4 ,his constant substitute for a table-cloth was either a dirty proof sheet of some book or an old newspaper4 #be ,let not any censure fall upon ,mr4 ,hogarth for these indelicate representations4 ,he evidently means to burlesque the gross and ridiculous absurdities of the ,dutch painters4 #bf ,these canine unfortunates are not only useful when living1 but frequently die for the good of mankind4 ,some have their throats cut1 to prove the efficacy of a styptic2 others are bled to death for a philosophical transfusion2 and very many resign their breath in the receiver of an air-pump4 ,unhappy ,dogs6 #bg ,it appears to have been a part of that curse which the disobedience of the first man brought upon his posterity1 that we were compelled to stain our hands in blood1 and to subsist on the destruction of other animals4 ,but surely1 if the necessity of our nature obliges us to deprive an innocent being of life1 it ought to be done in the easiest and speediest manner6 and such was the custom among the peculiar people of ,god4 ,what shall we say to that luxury which1 for a momentary gratification of appetite1 condemns a creature endued with feeling1 perhaps with mind1 to languish in torments1 and expire by a protracted and cruel death8--,sermons by ,george ,gregory1 ,d4,d41 ,f4,a4,s41 #b;d edit4 p4 #ajj4 #bh ,how much are we the creatures of habit6 ,those who would shudder at tying a lobster to a wooden spit1 and roasting it alive1 will coolly place a dozen oysters between the bars of a slow fire2 and yet these oysters1 notwithstanding their supposed torpor1 may have an equal degree of feeling with their armoured brother4 #bi ,i remember once seeing a practical lesson of humanity given to a little chimney-sweeper1 which had1 ,i dare say1 a better effect than a volume of ethics4 ,the young soot merchant was seated upon an alehouse bench1 and had in one hand his brush1 and in the other a hot buttered roll4 ,while exercising his white masticators with a perseverance that evinced the highest gratification1 he observed a dog lying on the ground near him4 ,the repetition of ,poor fellow1 poor fellow1 in a good-natured tone1 brought the quadruped from his resting-place3 he wagged his tail1 looked up with an eye of humble entreaty1 and in that universal language which all nations understand1 asked for a morsel of bread4 ,the sooty tyrant held his remnant of roll towards him2 but on the dog gently offering to take it1 struck him with his brush so violent a blow across the nose as nearly broke the bone4 ,a gentleman who1 unperceived1 had been a witness to the whole transaction1 put a sixpence between his finger and thumb1 and beckoned this little monarch of ,may-day to an opposite door4 ,the lad grinned at the silver1 but on stretching out his hand to receive it1 the practical teacher of humanity gave him such a rap upon the knuckles with a cane as made them ring4 ,his hand tingling with pain1 and tears running down his cheeks1 he asked ,what that was for8 ,to make you feel1 was the reply4 ,how do you like a blow and a disappointment8--the dog endured both6 ,had you given him a piece of bread1 this sixpence should have been the reward2 you gave him a blow1 ,i will therefore put the money in my pocket4 #cj ,by a strange and inapplicable mistake1 this has sometimes been written ,thieves ,inn4 ,it was at that time the longest shilling fare from the great fountain of law in ,westminster4 #ca ,though contrary to an express ,act of ,parliament1 this is done every day4 #cb ,to the dishonour of our police1 the savage custom of driving cattle through the streets1 even at high noon1 is still continued1 though scarce a week passes without a consequent accident4 ,might not the ,fleet ,market be removed to ,smithfield1 and that for live cattle be held in the skirts of the city1 with a penalty upon any person driving a beast through the streets after nine in the morning8 ,this may be impracticable2 but the number of accidents which happen from the present custom show the necessity of some reform4 #cc ,instead of ,amphitheatres1 these ,gymnasia are now more elegantly called ,academies4 #cd ,the scene has been said to be laid in ,pancras ,churchyard3 ,i think it bears more resemblance to that of ,marybone4 ,the building in the background may be on the same eminence where now is the ,jew's ,harp ,house4 ,this is only conjecture1 and as such let it be received4 #ce ,shakspeare saw this in its true light3 ,hamlet4 ,has this fellow any feeling of his business8 ,horatio4 ,custom hath made it in him a matter of easiness4 ,hamlet4 ,tis e'en so3 the hand of little employment hath the daintier sense4 #cf ,the president much resembles old ,frieake1 who was the master of ,nourse1 to whom the late ,mr4 ,potts was a pupil4 ,mr4 ,frieake was originally a member of the ,barbers' ,company1 and lived in ,salisbury ,square4 ,being desirous of building a carriage on the most reasonable terms1 he employed a number of journeymen coachmakers in his own garret4 ,they performed their task1 but found it was not possible to get this appendage to modern practice into the street by any other means than unroofing the house4 ,this was done1 and a bricklayer's bill for re-covering the attic storey rendered his saving scheme much more expensive than it would have been if he had employed the king's coachmaker4 #cg ,the importance of the brewery to the revenue will appear by the following statement3-- ,,malt ,,and ,,brewers4 ,the duty on malt from ,july #e1 #aghe1 to the same day #aghf1 produced a million and a half of money1 from a liquor which invigorates the bodies of its willing subjects to defend the blessings they enjoy1 while that from ,stygian gin enervates and incapacitates4 ,one of the brewers 7or ,chevaliers de ,malte1 as an impertinent ,frenchman styled ,humphrey ,parsons1 when the ,king of ,france inquired who he was7 within one year contributed fifty thousand pounds to his own share4 ,the sight of a great ,london brewery exhibits a magnificence unspeakable4 ,the vessels evince the extent of the trade4 ,mr4 ,meux of ,liquorpond ,street can show twenty-four vessels containing thirty-five thousand four hundred barrels of wholesome liquor1 which enables our ,london porter-drinkers to perform tasks that ten gin-drinkers would sink under4 #ch ,this gentleman has been very properly baptized the ,herring ,poet4 #ci ,it is directed to the ,trunkmaker1 and contains five enormous folios1 titled as follows3--,lauder on ,milton4 ,politics1 vol4 #iii4 ,modern ,tragedies1 vol4 #ab4 ,hill on the ,royal ,society1 and ,turnbull on ,ancient ,paintings4 ,the two last are worthy of a better fate1 for one has some wit1 and the other many sensible remarks4 #dj ,it is not #djj years since a ,baron of this realm was tried for high crimes and misdemeanours1 and one of the chief accusations exhibited against him was1 that he suffered himself to be carried about his garden by two of his own species4 #da ,it is said1 ,i don't know upon what authority1 to be intended as a burlesque delineation of ,john ,stephen ,liotard1 of whom ,mr4 ,walpole thus writes in p4 #aie of his ,anecdotes3-- ,devoid of imagination1 and one would think of memory1 he could render nothing but what he saw before his eyes4 ,freckles1 marks of the small-pox1 everything found its place2 not so much from fidelity1 as because he could not conceive the absence of anything that appeared to him4 ,this miserable personage may1 however1 be only intended to show the state of the arts at that time1 when an ,english painter1 if not excellent in portraits1 had no other patronage than that of those gentlemen who put out signs of ,blue ,lions1 ,green ,dragons1 and ,red ,harts4 ,thanks to the talents of our immortal bard1 it is not so now4 ,whether the artists of the present day drain copious draughts of humble porter1 or fill their flagons with ,falernian or ,french wines1 let not the memory of their patron poet be forgotten4 ,he merits all their wonder1 all their praise6 #db ,this wretched being was painted from nature4 ,his cry was1 ,buy my ballads1 and ,i'll give you a glass of gin for nothing4 #dc ,this infernal broth is vulgarly called ,strip-me-naked1 and has almost invariably that effect4 #dd ,this is an unnatural and violent exaggeration4 #de ,the church in view is ,st4 ,george's1 ,bloomsbury4 ,ralph1 in his ,critical ,review of the ,buildings in ,london1 properly observes that this structure is ridiculous and absurd even to a proverb4 ,that the builder mistook whim for genius1 and ornament for taste1 and that the execrable conceit of displaying a statue of the king on the top of it excites laughter in the ignorant1 and contempt in the judge of architecture4 #df ,two of these harpies have names highly descriptive of their professions--,gripe and ,killman4 #dg ,i hope ,i shall not be censured for inserting a quotation from ,fingal as the motto to an imitation of ,rembrandt4 ,both poet and painter delighted in darkness1 and each of them sometimes introduced a sublime and majestic figure1 which beamed through the gloom like the new moon seen through a gathered mist1 when the sky pours down its flaky snow1 and the world is silent and dark4 #dh ,this little winged periwinkle is engraven in a very different style from the rest of the plate1 much of which is a sort of aqu tint4 ,many impressions were taken off without this figure4 #di ,on the blade is engraven a dagger1 the arms of our metropolis4 #ej ,this has been generally thought intended for a portrait of ,hume ,campbell1 who1 like some of his boisterous brethren of the present day1 distinguished himself by a sort of savage elocution more consonant to ,billingsgate than a court of law4 ,others have said it was designed for ,doctor ,william ,king1 ,principal of ,st4 ,mary ,hall1 ,oxford1 and in proof of their assertion refer to an ascertained portrait in ,worlidge's view of ,lord ,westmoreland's ,installation1 #agfa1 to which it has a striking resemblance4 #ea ,on the scraps are inscribed1 ,we have found this man a pestilent fellow1 a mover of sedition among the ,jews1 ringleader of the sect1 etc4 etc4 etc4 #eb ,while the plate remained in the hands of ,mrs4 ,hogarth impressions were sold at that price1 but were afterwards reduced to three shillings4 #ec ,with each infant was then sent some little memorial by which it might be known at a future day4 ,the following lines were written by an unfortunate widow1 and pinned to the breast of a child who was received into the hospital3 ,go1 gentle babe1 thy future life be spent ,in virtuous purity and calm content2 ,life's sunshine bless thee1 and no anxious care ,sit on thy brow1 and draw the falling tear2 ,thy country's grateful servant may'st thou prove1 ,and all thy life be happiness and love4 ,some fifteen or sixteen years ago1 a person of respectable appearance went to the hospital1 and requested to see the chapel1 great room1 etc4 ,he then desired to speak with the treasurer1 to whom he presented a ten-pound bank note1 expressing a wish that it might be recorded as a small but grateful memorial from the first orphan who was apprenticed by the charity4 ,he added1 ,i was that orphan1 and in consequence of the education ,i here received1 have had the power of acquiring an independence with integrity and honour4 #ed ,several other pictures were presented to the hospital by the few eminent painters who then lived in ,london4 ,the donations in painting which several artists presented to the ,foundling ,hospital were among the first objects of this nature which engaged the public attention4 ,the artists observing the effects that these paintings produced1 came1 in the year #agfj1 to a resolution to try the fate of a public exhibition of their works4 ,this effort had its desired effect4 ,the public were entertained1 and the artists were excited to emulation4--,strange's ,inquiry into the ,rise and ,establishment of the ,royal ,academy1 p4 #fc4 ,this gives ,hogarth a right to be classed1 if not among those who were founders of the ,royal ,academy1 as one of the first causes of its establishment4 #ee ,be this as it may1 certain it is that the boy1 who was afterwards so great a ,jewish legislator1 bears a very strong resemblance to the ,egyptian princess4 ,that the artist meant by this family likeness to hint that he was of royal descent1 ,i do not presume to assert4 #ef ,the head is said to be copied from a youth of the name of ,seaton4 ,the attitude and general air very much resemble that of ,delilah1 in a picture painted by ,vandyke1 of ,samson seized by the ,philistines1 now in the ,emperor's gallery at ,vienna4 #eg ,these prints were promised to the subscribers sooner than they could be completed2 and in consequence of their being delayed1 the following advertisement was inserted in the ,public ,advertiser of ,february #bh1 #ageg3-- ,mr4 ,hogarth is obliged to inform the subscribers to his ,election prints that the three last cannot be published till about ,christmas next1 which delay is entirely owing to the difficulties he has met with to procure able hands to engrave the plates3 but that he neither may have any more apologies to make on such an account1 nor trespass any further on the indulgence of the public by increasing a collection already sufficiently large1 he intends to employ the rest of his time in portrait-painting2 chiefly this notice seems more necessary1 as several spurious and scandalous prints have lately been published in his name1 etc4 ,this fretful appeal must have been written under the influence of momentary spleen1 which might possibly originate in his coadjutor's disappointing1 and by that means forcing him to violate his engagements with the public4 ,there is no other apology for his indulging a thought of quitting that walk in which he indisputably led1 for another in which he must not only follow1 but be far behind some of his contemporaries4 #eh ,sir ,george ,saville saw this in its true light4 ,one of the supporters of the ,bill of ,rights being desirous of introducing ,sir ,george's name among the members of the society1 made application to the worthy ,baronet for his permission to propose him4 ,sir ,george declined the honour1 and pleaded his engagements being so numerous that he had not time to attend1 etc4 etc4 ,we do not expect your attendance1 replied his friend2 we do not expect your constant attendance2 but the sanction of your name would be a tower of strength to the society2 and as you see by the public prints1 the manner we conduct ourselves1 and the business we do1 you must approve1 ,i think you cannot refuse us your name4 ,i do not1 said ,sir ,george1 make any objection to your conduct1 which ,i have thought very regular and systematic1 but ,i really dislike the title you have adopted2 ,i observe that you meet1 read a string of observations1 and then make a motion for adjourning to dinner in the next room2 there each man drinks his two bottles to most patriotic and constitutional toasts4 ,in the next paper appear advertisements1 that on the following ,monday the supporters of the ,bill of ,rights will meet again4 ,dinner on table precisely at four o'clock4 ,you dine1 and drink your wine2 your secretary gives us the same information in the succeeding prints1 and again adds1 that--dinner will be on the table precisely at four o'clock4 ,all these circumstances induce me to think you should alter your title2 instead of ',supporters of the ,bill of ,rights1' call yourselves what you really are1 ',supporters of the ,bill of ,fare6' #ei ,this has been pronounced1 ,i know not upon what authority1 to be intended for the late ,thomas ,potter1 ,esq4 #fj ,in page #ba of a quarto pamphlet published in #agee1 and entitled1 ,the ,last ,blow1 or an unanswerable vindication of the society of ,exeter ,college1 being a reply to the ,vice-,chancellor1 ,dr4 ,king1 and the writers of the ,london ,evening ,post1 is the following paragraph3-- ,the next character to whose merits we would do justice is the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,c--ss--t 7,cosserat74 ,but as it is very difficult to delineate this fellow in colours sufficiently strong and lively1 it is fortunate for us and the ,doctor that ,hogarth has undertaken the task4 ,in the print of ',an ,election ,entertainment1' the public will see the ,doctor represented sitting among the freeholders1 and zealously eating and drinking for the sake of the new interest4 ,his venerable and humane aspect will at once bespeak the dignity and benevolence of his heart4 ,never did aldermen at ,guildhall devour custard with half such an appearance of love to his country1 or swallow ale with so much the air of a patriot4 ,these circumstances the pencil of ,hogarth will undoubtedly make manifest2 but it is much to be lamented that his words also cannot appear in this print1 and that the artist cannot delineate that persuasive flow of eloquence which could prevail upon copyholders to abjure their base tenures and swear themselves freeholders4 ,but this oratory 7far different from the balderdash of ,tully and ,doctor ,king1 concerning liberty and our country71 as the genius of mild ale alone could inspire1 this fellow alone could deliver4 #fa ,i think it is recorded in ,mr4 ,joseph ,miller's ,reports1 that our ,british ,solomon often asserted that scratching was too great a luxury for a subject to enjoy4 #fb ,this woman was remarkable for performing at fairs1 country hops1 etc4 in the neighbourhood of ,oxford1 and known by the name of ,fiddling ,nan4 #fc ,this is a portrait of the present ,sir ,john ,parnell1 nephew to the poet4 ,he was introduced into this print by his own request1 declaring at the same time that1 from his being so generally known in ,ireland1 his face would help the sale of the engraving4 #fd ,it is supposed to be the portrait of an ,oxford bruiser who went by the name of ,teague ,carter4 #fe ,a mashing-tub seems a sufficiently capacious vessel1 but sinks to nothing when compared with a bowl which1 it is recorded1 was filled with punch on the #aeth of ,october #afid1 at the expense of ,admiral ,russel4 ,the ,admiral's punch was made in a fountain situated in the centre of a large garden1 the terminus to four long gravel walks1 canopied with orange and lemon trees4 ,in each walk was a table the length of the avenue1 covered with a cold collation1 consisting of every luxury which the season produced2 and in the basin of the fountain1 which the gallant seaman chose to call a little basin1 for the entertainment of a few friends1 were the following ingredients3--,four hogsheads of brandy1 eight hogsheads of water1 twenty-five thousand lemons1 twenty gallons of lime juice1 thirteen hundredweight of fine ,lisbon sugar1 five pounds of grated nutmegs1 three hundred toasted biscuits1 and lastly1 a pipe of dry mountain ,malaga4 ,over the fountain was erected a large canopy to keep off the rain1 and in a little boat1 built for the purpose1 a boy belonging to the fleet rowed round the basin1 and served this cordial beverage to the company4 ,more than six thousand men partook of this mighty bowl4 #ff ,this alludes to the alteration of the style in the year #ageb1 a measure which gave great umbrage1 and excited a violent clamour among the advocates for old customs and adherents to ancient forms4 #fg ,kirton was a tobacconist in ,fleet ,street1 but injured his circumstances and destroyed his constitution by his active zeal in the ,oxfordshire election of #aged4 #fh ,this is said to be intended for the late ,duke of ,newcastle1 his ,grace having exerted all his influence in support of the ,naturalization ,bill3 the nose of the effigy gives some probability to the conjecture4 #fi ,under the portrait of a ,mr4 ,cholmondeley of ,vale ,royal1 in ,cheshire1 engraved about the same time with these prints1 are the following quaint lines3 ,in this plain garb a senator is shown1 ,who never bought a vote1 nor sold his own4 #gj ,this print undoubtedly gave the hint for a transaction in which ,punch was made the principal agent at a late ,shaftesbury election4 #ga ,by the condescending humility of men of high rank1 and the aspiring ambition of men of no rank1 they to all appearance become equal at every general election4 ,the following is one among the few instances of an independent spirit in a candidate's address3-- ,,to ,,the ,,gentlemen1 ,,clergy1 ,,and ,,freeholders ,,of ,,the ,,county ,,of ,,york4 ,,gentlemen1--,i have had the honour to represent the county of ,york in three successive ,parliaments3 ,i have been diligent in my attendance1 and have performed my duty with a clear and unbiassed conscience4 ,i have now an opposition declared against me1 for what reasons ,i do not know1 except that ,i am not disposed to obey the dictates of the associators at ,york4 ,i do not wish to serve you upon such terms4 ,i will never go to ,parliament in fetters2 nor did ,i1 nor ever will ,i disguise my principles1 which all go to the support of our excellent constitution in ,church and ,state4 ,i avow myself an enemy to tumults1 sedition1 and rebellion1 and will never support any but a ,british interest4 ,consistently with that1 ,i am a friend to the people1 and am determined to preserve my independency1 yielding neither to any influence of ministers1 nor to any clamours of a faction4 ,upon these principles ,i shall esteem it a high honour to be returned for this great county1 and shall be thankful for your support4--,i am1 gentlemen1 etc41 ,,edwin ,,lascelles4 ,september #ab1 #aghj4 ,in ,mr4 ,edmund ,burke's speech to the electors of ,bristol1 on the #c;d of ,november #aggd1 he gave such cogent reasons for not signing any engagement to obey in all cases the instructions of his constituents1 that ,i cannot resist the temptation of inserting an extract1 for the contemplation of those who are advocates of a contrary system3-- ,certainly1 gentlemen1 it ought to be the happiness and glory of a representative to live in the strictest union1 the closest correspondence1 and the most unreserved communication with his constituents4 ,their wishes ought to have great weight with him2 their opinion high respect2 their business unremitted attention4 ,it is his duty to sacrifice his repose1 his pleasures1 his satisfaction to theirs2 and above all1 ever and in all cases to prefer their interest to his own4 ,but his unbiassed opinion1 his mature judgment1 his enlightened conscience1 he ought not to sacrifice to you1 to any men1 or to any set of men living4 ,these he does not derive from your pleasure2 no1 nor from the law and the constitution4 ,they are a trust from ,providence1 for the abuse of which he is deeply answerable4 ,your representative owes you not only his industry1 but his judgment2 and he betrays instead of serving you1 if he sacrifices it to your opinion4 ,my worthy colleague says his will ought to be subservient to yours4 ,if that be all1 the thing is innocent4 ,if government were a matter of will upon any side1 yours1 without question1 ought to be superior4 ,but government and legislation are matters of reason and judgment1 and not of inclination2 and what sort of reason is that in which the determination precedes the discussion1 in which one set of men deliberate and another decide1 and where those who form the conclusion are three hundred miles distant from those who hear the argument8 ,to deliver an opinion is the right of all men2 that of constituents is a weighty and respectable opinion1 which a representative ought always to rejoice to hear1 and which he ought always most seriously to consider4 ,but authoritative instructions2 mandates issued1 which the member is bound blindly and implicitly to obey1 to vote1 and to argue for1 though contrary to the clearest conviction of his judgment and conscience2 these are things utterly unknown to the laws of the land1 which arise from a fundamental mistake of the whole order and tenor of our constitution4 ,parliament is not a congress of ambassadors from different and hostile interests2 which interests each must maintain1 as an agent and advocate against other agents and advocates2 but ,parliament is a deliberative assembly of one nation1 with one interest1 that of the whole2 where not local purposes1 not local prejudices ought to guide1 but the general good resulting from the general reason of the whole4 ,you choose a member1 indeed2 but when you have chosen him1 he is not a member of ,bristol1 but he is a member of ,parliament4 ,if the local constituent should have an interest1 or should form an hasty opinion1 evidently opposite to the real good of the rest of the community1 the member of that place ought to be as far as any other from any endeavour to give it effect4 #gb ,in the year #agci ,admiral ,vernon took ,portobello with six ships only4 ,the public gratitude to him was boundless3 he was sung in ballads2 at the ensuing general election in #agda he was returned for three different corporations2 but above all1 his portrait covered every signpost2 and he may be1 figuratively1 said to have sold the ale1 beer1 and purl of all ,england for six years4 #gc ,this sign has a very whimsical appearance3 it represents our merry monarch in a great tree1 enveloped in a black wig1 decorated with a point lace cravat1 and environed with three crowns4 ,two ,parliamentary troopers1 riding beneath the branches1 do not perceive that this faithless ,defender of the ,faith1 and so forth1 is immediately above them4 ,this curious delineation is evidently copied from some country sign1 and gives a very exact representation of one ,i remember to have seen in a village in ,shropshire1 with the following poetical inscription3-- ,this oak1 the glory of the wood1 may well be called a royal thing1 ,for once upon its branches there perched a great king2 ,and while the king was perched upon the branches so high1 ,the ,roundhead rebels under him they all passed by4 #gd ,when ,ware the architect was told of this piece of satire1 he said the artist must be a very foolish fellow2 for if he had painted the coachman as a shorter man1 or made him stoop1 he might have driven through the gateway with his head upon his shoulders4 #ge ,john ,shoreditch1 in the reign of ,edward ,,iii41 sued the county of ,middlesex 7for which he was returned to ,parliament7 to recover his wages4 ,in some letters from the dead to the living1 published about the year #agfa1 one signed with his name concludes as follows3 ,if ,i was now upon earth--either nobleman or commoner--,i should choose peace and quiet1 both public and private3 ,i should be happy in preserving religion and morality among my countrymen1 instead of suborning them to take the oath falsely about bribery and corruption2 debauching their minds1 by giving them money that is of no use to their families1 and keeping them in continual drunkenness1 that renders them incapable of serving themselves or their country4 ,to this ,i attribute the loss of that which was common in my time1 but in yours is found only in romances and novels--,i mean simplicity of manners among the country people4 ,rustic innocence was then as common among the men as among the women2 but there is scarce any mode of vice or folly which is not at this period equally known and practised by both sexes2 and in the most obscure villages to as great a degree as in the most polished cities4 ,let us consider that a million of money was spent in treats and bribery at the last general election2 and if we take into the calculation the contested elections1 for some of which there were three or four candidates1 and the money that is spent by their friends on these occasions1 we shall not find the computation too high4 ,what place1 then1 will not the influence of this immense sum extend to8 ,not even the smallest hamlet can escape2 and you may as well look for purity of manners1 innocence and simplicity1 among the ,capuans of old1 or in your ,covent ,garden1 as in any place that an election guinea has found its way to4--,i am1 etc4 #gf ,i am tasteless enough to prefer this to ,garrick between ,tragedy and ,comedy4 ,from ,hogarth the hint was indisputably taken2 but exquisite as is the face of ,thalia1 the countenance of the actor1 from the contention of two passions1 has assumed a kind of idiotic stare1 of which our honest farmer has not an iota4 ,in the true spirit of ,falstaff1 he says1 or seems to say1 ,d'ye think ,i do not know ye8 ,ha6 ha6 ha6 he6 he6 he66 #gg ,swift boasted that he made it a rule never to give his voice for the appointment of any man to any situation for which that man was not better qualified than his opponent4 ,being once applied to for his interest in the recommendation of a curate1 because he was a very good sort of man1 though a very vile preacher1 he said he would willingly1 if in his power1 recommend him to be a bishop1 because that was a business in which preaching was not wanted1 but in a curate it was wanted every week4 ,being once asked by one of his parishioners which of two candidates he would advise him to vote for as a ,parliament man1 in a warmly contested ,irish election1 ,swift desired he would first consider what was the business of a ,parliament man2 and secondly1 which of the parties was best qualified for that business2 and then he would want no advice4 ,if your vote1 added he1 could make a lord or a duke1 as they are people who need not do any business at all1 you might toss up a halfpenny1 and vote for the man who came up heads4 #gh ,by a letter we see out of his pocket1 this appears to be ,doctor ,shebbeare1 who was put on the pillory1 and confined in prison2 not for writing in the cause of his country1 but for printing and publishing the sixth letter to the people of ,england1 in which he most impudently and audaciously abuses ,george the ,first and the present royal family4 ,the ,doctor frequently said in a public coffeehouse1 that he would have a pillory or a pension4 ,in each of these points he was gratified2 ,lord ,mansfield complimented him with the first1 and ,lord ,bute rewarded him with the second4 ,the honour he enjoyed long ago1 the emolument he died in the receipt of a very few years since4 #gi ,the late ,doctor ,barrowby persuaded a dying man1 that being much better he might venture with him in his chariot to the hustings in ,covent ,garden1 to poll for ,sir ,george ,vandeput4 ,the unhappy voter took his physician's advice1 and in less than an hour after his return--expired4 #hj ,this sagacious-looking gentleman is said to be intended as a portraiture of the late ,bub ,doddington1 afterwards ,lord ,melcombe4 #ha ,it has been thought that this carries some allusion to a circumstance which happened at the contested ,oxfordshire election in #aged1 when an outrageous mob1 in the old interest1 surrounded a post-chaise and attempted to throw it into the river2 but ,captain ,t----1 who was in the carriage1 shot a chimney-sweeper that was a ringleader in the assault1 and his followers dispersed4 #hb ,about the year #agdj1 when party disputes ran very high1 a gentleman of superior talents and undeviating integrity offered himself as a candidate for a town in the ,west of ,england4 ,the first person whose vote he solicited asked him if he was a ,whig or a ,tory8 ,neither1 was the reply2 ,i profess myself a moderate man1 and when administration act right1 will vote with them1--when wrong1 against them4 ,and be these really thy principles6 said the elector2 be these really thy principles6 ,then thou shalt not have my vote2 but ,i'll give thee a piece of advice4 ,thou seest my door2 it leads into the street1 the right-hand side of which is for the ,tories1 the left for the ,whigs2 and for a cold-blooded moderate man like thee1 there is the kennel1 and in it ,i advise thee to walk1 for thee be'st not decided enough for any other situation4 #hc ,this must indisputably be considered as the lawyer's mansion1 not merely because it has a better appearance than any house we have seen in the foregoing prints1 but because a parchment label1 which hangs out of an upper window where a clerk is writing1 is inscribed ,indintur4 ,had the artist thought it worth while to have consulted ,master ,henry ,dilworth1 or any other eminent schoolmaster1 this orthography had been corrected4 #hd ,when many of those gentleman who had been very active in the ,revolution1 and materially contributed to the success of our great deliverer1 applied to a nobleman high in office for the first places in the ,state1 he answered their requests by referring them to the ,roman history3 ,there1 says he1 you will find that geese twice saved the ,capitol2 but ,i never heard that those geese were made ,consuls4 #he ,vermin is a coarse phrase1 but ,i think in a degree appropriate4 ,how similar are the effects attendant on a swarm of pettifogging lawyers settling in a country town1 to those resulting from a swarm of noxious and destructive insects settling in a garden6 #hf ,a nobleman1 whose name it is not necessary to record1 was so struck with the wit of this motto1 that he had it inscribed upon a common eight-day clock4 #hg ,the life of ,andrew ,marvel forms a fine contrast to the life of a modern patriot4 ,he was the son of a clergyman who resided at ,kingston-upon-,hull1 in ,yorkshire1 at which town he was born in the year #afbd4 ,his first appearance in public business was as an assistant to ,john ,milton1 when that inspired poet was ,latin secretary to the ,protector4 ,a little before the ,restoration he was chosen representative for his native town1 and afterwards re-elected for the same place1 and had a seat in that ,parliament which began at ,westminster1 ,may #h1 #affa4 ,in this station he discharged his trust with the utmost fidelity1 and always displayed a particular regard for those by whom he was elected2 for he regularly sent the particulars of every proceeding in the ,house to the heads of the town which he represented1 and to these accounts always joined his own opinion4 ,this gained so much upon their affections1 that they allowed him an honourable pension during the whole time he sat in ,parliament1 which was until his death4 ,by his actions and writings he rendered himself obnoxious to the ruling powers2 notwithstanding which1 ,charles the ,second much delighted in his company4 ,having one evening passed some hours with this good-humoured monarch1 his ,majesty next morning sent ,lord ,treasurer ,danby to find out his lodgings4 ,mr4 ,marvel's apartments were up two pair of stairs1 in a little court in the ,strand1 where he was writing when the ,lord ,treasurer rather abruptly opened the door4 ,surprised at so unexpected a visitor1 ,mr4 ,marvel told his ,lordship he believed he had mistaken his way4 ,lord ,danby replied1 ,not1 now ,i have found ,mr4 ,marvel2 adding1 ,i come with a message from his ,majesty1 who wishes to know what he can do to serve you4 ,i know1 replied ,marvel1 the nature of courts too well to lay myself under the obligation2 for whoever is distinguished by a prince's favours1 is certainly expected to vote in his interest4 ,lord ,danby told him that his ,majesty was sensible of his merits1 and on that account alone desired to know if there were any place at ,court which he would be pleased with4 ,these offers1 though urged with the greatest earnestness1 had no effect4 ,he told the nobleman1 that to accept them with honour was impossible2 because1 added he1 ,i must either be ungrateful to the ,king in voting against him1 or false to my country in giving in to the measures of the ,court4 ,the only favour therefore which ,i beg of his ,majesty is1 that he will esteem me to be as dutiful a subject as any he has2 and more in his proper interest by refusing these offers than if ,i had accepted them4 ,the ,lord ,danby1 finding that no argument would prevail1 told him that the ,king had ordered him a thousand pounds1 which he requested him to receive as a token of royal favour4 ,this last offer was rejected with the same stedfastness as the first1 though1 soon after the ,lord ,treasurer was gone1 he was under the necessity of sending to a friend to borrow a guinea4 ,the greatest temptations of riches or honours could never bribe him to depart from what he thought the interest of his country1 neither could the most imminent dangers deter him from pursuing it4 ,he died1 not without strong suspicions of being poisoned1 ,august the #afth1 #afgh1 in the fifty-eighth year of his age1 and was interred in the ,church of ,st4 ,giles' in the ,fields4 ,highly to the honour of the inhabitants of ,kingston-upon-,hull1 they in the year #afhc contributed a sum of money for a monument to the memory of this best of men and most incorruptible of senators2 but the then minister of ,st4 ,giles' forbade its being erected in that church1 on account of the following epitaph which was inscribed on it3-- ,near this place lieth the body of ,andrew ,marvel1 ,esq41 a man so endowed by nature1 so improved by education1 study1 and travel2 so consummated by experience and learning1 that joining the most peculiar graces of wit with a singular penetration and strength of judgment1 and exercising all these in the whole course of his life with unalterable steadiness in the ways of virtue1 he became the ornament and example of his age2 beloved by good men1 feared by bad1 admired by all1 though imitated1 alas1 by few1 and scarce paralleled by any4 ,but a tombstone can neither contain his character1 nor is marble necessary to transmit it to posterity2 it is engraved in the minds of this generation1 and will be always legible in his inimitable writings4 ,nevertheless1 he having served near twenty years successively in ,parliament1 and that with such wisdom1 dexterity1 integrity1 and courage as became a true patriot1 the town of ,kingston-upon-,hull1 from whence he was constantly returned to that assembly1 lamenting in his death the public loss1 have erected this monument of their grief and gratitude4 ,heu fragile humanum genus6 ,heu terrestria vana6 ,heu quem spectatum continet urna virum6 ,in ,mr4 ,mason's animated ,ode to ,independency1 the dignified virtue of this truly patriotic character is described ,in thoughts that breathe1 and words that burn4 #hh ,such were the words of the bards in the days of song1 when the king heard the music of harps1 and the tales of other times4--,songs of ,selma1 p4 #cjb4 #hi ,in the early impressions it is spelt ,prusia4 ,it has been said with great confidence1 that after twenty-five were worked off1 this error in orthography was discovered and amended4 ,i have seen at least fifty1 and think it probable that all which were subscribed for were delivered before any alteration was made in the spelling4 #ij ,this word is explained in the ,slang ,dictionary as a cant expression for the threat of a blow4 #ia ,the fifer is designed for the portrait of a young lad who was much noticed by the late ,william ,duke of ,cumberland2 and who1 from the propriety of his conduct1 was first rewarded with a halberd1 and afterwards promoted to a pair of colours4 #ib ,this is said to be the portrait of a fellow known by the name of ,jockey ,james1 a most frequent attendant on the nursery for bruising1 under the management of the mighty ,broughton4 ,jockey had a son who rendered himself eminent by boxing with ,smallwood1 and many other athletic pugilists4 ,the ,french pieman1 grenadier1 and chimney-sweeper1 are also taken from the life1 and said1 by those who recollect their persons1 to be very faithful resemblances of the persons intended4 #ic ,this gentleman displays the great difference between an officer1 and a officer3 he comes under the latter description4 #id ,this is ,mr4 ,thornton's remark1 and rather too severe4 ,lord ,north once declared in the ,house of ,commons that he saw no harm in the officers of the ,guards4 ,they have nothing to do1 added he1 but walk in the park1 kiss the nursery-maids1 and drink the children's milk4 #ie ,this figure is introduced in the very curious print of ,enthusiasm ,delineated1 and in the eleventh print of ,industry and ,idleness1 and was designed as a portrait of ,mother ,douglass of the ,piazza4 #if ,lavater's character of this people is not exactly similar to ,hogarth's delineation2 it is1 however1 curious3 ,the form of a ,frenchman is different from that of all other nations1 and difficult to describe in words4 ,no other man has so little of the firm or deep traits1 or so much motion4 ,he is all appearance1 all gesture2 therefore the first impression seldom deceives1 but declares who and what he is4 ,his imagination is incapable of high flights2 and the sublime in all arts is to him offence4 ,hence his dislike of whatever is antique in art or literature1 his deafness to true music1 his blindness to the highest beauties of painting4 ,his last most striking trait is1 that he is astonished at everything1 and cannot imagine how it is possible men should be any other than they are at ,paris4 #ig ,among the number of ingenious allusions which the seekers of ,hogarth's meanings have pointed out1 ,i have never heard it remarked that the standard waves immediately over this under-sized hero1 who is consequently under the standard6 #ih ,let not the reader imagine that this quotation alludes to the ,duke's ponderous equestrian statue in ,cavendish ,square4 ,that glittering monument of burnished brass bears no very striking resemblance to either an angel or a fiery ,pegasus4 ,it must1 however1 be considered as a monument of the taste1 vanity1 and gratitude of ,colonel ,salter4 #ii ,grotesque delineations have more influence upon the populace than the philosopher is apt to imagine4 ,sir ,robert ,walpole inspected every political print and political ballad that was published1 and said that from these vulgar effusions he could form a certain judgment of the genuine spirit and local prejudices which actuated the multitude4 #ajj ,election is1 ,i believe1 in its general sense1 the act of choosing4 ,we see by the application of the word in this book1 it was not then confined to choosing a member of ,parliament1 but applied indiscriminately to either bird or beast4 #aja ,this is mere conjecture2 but from ,jackson the humpbacked jockey1 and some other sedate personages who were present1 ,i think it is more likely to be designed for that place than any other4 #ajb ,a man of rank with these plebeian propensities might in the year #agei be considered as a phenomenon3 in this age of elegant accomplishment and universal refinement1 the thing is common4 ,we now see men of family and fortune ambitious of becoming umpires in battles between ,big ,ben and the ,ruffian6 #ajc ,the ,march to ,finchley4 #ajd ,when ,garrick first came on the stage1 and one very sultry evening in the month of ,may performed the character of ,lear1 he in the first four acts received the customary tribute of applause4 ,at the conclusion of the fifth1 when he wept over the body of ,cordelia1 every eye caught the soft infection--the big round tear ran down every cheek4 ,at this interesting moment1 to the astonishment of all present1 his face assumed a new character1 and his whole frame appeared agitated by a new passion3 it was not tragic1 for he was evidently endeavouring to suppress a laugh4 ,in a few seconds the attendant nobles appeared to be affected in the same manner2 and the beauteous ,cordelia1 who was reclined upon a crimson couch1 opening her eyes to see what occasioned the interruption1 leapt from her sofa1 and with the majesty of ,england1 the gallant ,albany1 and tough old ,kent1 ran laughing off the stage4 ,the audience could not account for this strange termination of a tragedy in any other way than by supposing the dramatis person were seized with a sudden frenzy2 but their risibility had a different source4 ,a fat ,whitechapel butcher1 seated on the centre of the front bench in the pit1 was accompanied by his mastiff1 who being accustomed to sit on the same seat with his master at home1 naturally thought he might enjoy the like privilege here4 ,the butcher sat very back1 and the quadruped finding a fair opening1 got upon the bench1 and fixing his fore-paws on the rail of the orchestra1 peered at the performers with as upright a head and as grave an air as the most sagacious critic of his day4 ,our corpulent slaughter-man was made of melting stuff1 and not being accustomed to a playhouse heat1 found himself much oppressed by the weight of a large and well-powdered ,sunday peruke1 which1 for the gratification of cooling and wiping his head1 he pulled off1 and placed on the head of his mastiff4 ,the dog being in so conspicuous1 so obtrusive a situation1 caught the eye of ,mr4 ,garrick and the other performers4 ,a mastiff in a churchwarden's wig 7for the butcher was a parish officer7 was too much3 it would have provoked laughter in ,lear himself1 at the moment he was most distressed2 no wonder1 then1 that it had such an effect on his representative4 #aje ,in the second canto of a poem entitled ,the ,gamblers1 are the following notes3-- ,by the cockpit laws1 the man who cannot or who will not pay his debts of honour1 is liable to exaltation in a basket4 ,stephen's exaltation in a basket1 and his there continuing to bet though unable to pay1 is taken from a scene in one of ,hogarth's prints1 humorously setting forth that there are men whom a passion for gaming does not forsake1 even in the very hour that they stand proclaimed insolvents4 #ajf ,frequently called ,deptford ,nan1 and sometimes dignified with a title--,duchess of ,deptford6 ,she was a famous cock-feeder1 well known at ,newmarket1 and did the honours of the gentlemen's ordinary at ,northampton1 while a bachelor presided at the table appropriated to the ladies4 #ajg ,a small print published in the year #agcb1 of which there are three copies4 #ajh ,i have inserted the name of ,gay on the authority of ,mr4 ,nichols' ,anecdotes1 in page #agg of which is the following remark from a correspondent3-- ,that ,pope was silent on the merits of ,hogarth 7as one of your readers has observed7 should excite little astonishment1 as our artist's print on the ,south ,sea exhibits the translator of ,homer in no very flattering point of view4 ,he is represented with one of his hands in the pocket of a fat personage1 who wears a horn-book at his girdle4 ,for whom this figure was designed is doubtful2 perhaps it was meant for ,gay1 who was a fat man1 and a loser in the scheme1 etc4 ,the horn-book he wears at his girdle perhaps refers to the fables he wrote for the ,duke of ,cumberland4 ,the conclusion to the inscription under this plate--',guess at the rest1 you'll find out more'--seems also to imply a consciousness of such personal satire as it was not prudent to explain4 ,the conjecture that this is designed for ,gay is fair1 but ,i think not quite conclusive4 ,hogarth would not have represented the translator of ,homer diving into the coat pocket of a brother bard for coin1 and ,gay could not be robbed of anything else4 ,may not the label with ,a--,b--1 etc41 be intended to point out ,arbuthnot3 he also was a fat man1 and so careless of fame1 that he suffered ,pope1 and some other eminent contemporary authors1 to plunder him of the best part of his writings1 which they afterwards modestly published as their own2 vide a very large portion of ,martinus ,scriblerus1 particularly ,pope's own edition1 published in #agdb4 ,pope is again introduced in a print published about the year #agbh1 entitled ,rich's ,glory1 or ,the ,triumphant ,entry into ,covent ,garden1 improperly said to be the production of ,hogarth4 #aji ,this satire is wound up with a well-turned apology for the folly1 but even here a dart must be hurled at the ,duke4--,the dart recoils1 and returns to him who threw it2 for although his ,grace was vainly ostentatious1 and absurdly extravagant1 he was kind-hearted and beneficent to a fault3-- ,yet hence the poor are cloth'd1 the hungry fed3 ,health to himself1 and to his infants bread1 ,the lab'rer bears3 what his hard heart denies1 ,his charitable vanity supplies4 ,another age shall see the golden ear ,embrown the slope1 and nod on the parterre2 ,deep harvests bury all his pride has plann'd1 ,and laughing ,ceres re-assume the land4 ,it is a singular circumstance that the prophecy in the last four lines 7for a prophecy it must be called7 should be fulfilled1 ,i had almost said in the poet's lifetime4 ,a very few years after his death1 when ,hallet the upholsterer purchased ,canons1 the park was ploughed up and sown with corn4 ,i have somewhere seen an epigram1 written soon after the publication of this epistle3-- ,what ,chandos builds let ,pope no more deride1 ,because he took not ,nature for his guide1 ,since1 mighty ,bard--in thy own form we see ,that nature may mistake1 as well as he4 #aaj ,we have amateurs of boxing1 and why not of cock-fighting8 #aaa ,this noble diversion may with more propriety be called royal in ,india than in ,england1 for it is not peculiar to ,great ,britain1 neither is it confined within the narrow boundaries of ,europe4 ,in a picture which ,mr4 ,zoffani designed from nature1 he has exhibited the ,nabob of ,oude1 and a crowd of his courtiers1 dressed in their robes of state surrounding a cockpit4 ,the ,asiatic ,sovereign1 his brother1 and his attendants1 display as much eagerness for gain1 and rapacity of physiognomy1 as is to be seen in the most notorious of our ,newmarket gamblers4 #aab ,throwing at cocks on this day is1 ,i hope and believe1 a less prevalent custom than it once was4 ,our ancestors must have formed strange notions of the duties that were acceptable to the ,deity on commencement of ,lent1 when they set apart the eve as a proper time for the martyrdom of this inoffensive animal4 #aac ,wilt thou draw near the nature of the gods1 ,draw near them then in being merciful2 ,sweet mercy is nobility's true badge4 #aad ,a beautiful ,diana1 with her trussed-up robes1 the crescent alone wanting1 stands on the high altar to receive homage in the character of ,st4 ,agnes1 in a pretty church dedicated to her 7fuor della ,porte71 where it is supposed she suffered martyrdom3 and why8 ,why1 for not venerating that very goddess ,diana1 and for refusing to walk in her procession at the new moons1 like a good ,christian girl4 ,such contradictions put one from oneself1 as ,shakspeare says4--,mrs4 ,piozzi's ,letters4 #aae ,a catalogue of the massacres1 slaughters1 and assassinations which have taken place for little differences of opinion1 would fill a library4 ,superstition has been the general cause of man destroying man4 #aaf ,the infatuation of the lower order of the people during the drawing of a lottery is hardly to be conceived4 ,they cannot consult ,virgil1 but they consult every star in the firmament1 and every male and female astrologer in the parish1 to find out lucky numbers4 ,figures chalked on the wall1 and dreams1 have great credit2 and much respect is paid to the year of their birth1 a husband's or wife's death1 etc4 etc4 ,the destructive consequences of this thirst for divination it is not necessary to enumerate1--they are recorded in the annals of ,bethlehem ,hospital and the ,newgate ,calendar4 #aag ,a field preacher in one of the provinces1 from the strength of his lungs and length of his extemporary harangues1 being for some months attended by a more numerous congregation than the parson of the parish1 began to think himself the more orthodox man4 ,fraught with this idea1 he one ,sunday evening went to the vestry-room1 waited until the service concluded1 and then very rudely attacked the clergyman1 telling him he came to convince him1 to confound him1 and to convert him by the word6 ,this was followed by the recital of a thousand texts from various parts of the ,holy ,scriptures1 so combined as to prove whatever he wished2 and concluded by1 ,this is all from the ,bible1 and by the ,bible ,i desires to abide4--,answer me by the same book4 ,the clergyman being a man of some humour1 after hearing him with much patience1 very coolly asked this labourer in the vineyard if he recollected a text in the book of ,kings1 where it is written1 ,then ,ahithophel set his house in order1 and went and hanged himself4 ,certainly1 replied the man1 ,i know it to be scripture4 ,good1 added the divine2 examine the ,gospel of ,st4 ,luke1 and you will find it written1 ',go and do thou likewise4' ,this ,i earnestly recommend1 and so farewell4 #aah ,some witches1 examined and executed at ,mohra1 in ,sweden1 in #afgj1 confessed that the devil gives them a beast about the bigness and shape of a young cat1 which they call a carrier1 etc4--,glanville ,on ,witches1 p4 #did4 ,for their being sucked by their familiar1 we know so little of the nature of demons and spirits1 that it is no wonder we cannot certainly divine the reason of so strange an action4 ,and yet we may conjecture at some things that may render it less improbable4 ,for some have thought that the ,genii 7whom both the ,platonic and ,christian antiquity thought embodied7 are re-created by the reeks and vapours of human blood1 and the spirits that proceed from them3 which supposal 7if we grant them bodies7 is not unlikely1 everything being refreshed and nourished by its like4 ,and that they are not perfectly abstracted from all body and matter2 besides the reverence we owe to the wisest antiquity1 there are several considerable arguments ,i could allege to render it probable3 which things supposed1 the devil's suckling the sorceress is no great wonder1 nor difficult to be accounted for4 ,or perhaps this may be only a diabolical sacrament and ceremony to confirm the hellish covenant4--,glanville1 p4 #aj4 ,in the above1 and any future quotations ,i may find it necessary to make from this great and sagacious author1 ,i beg it may be observed that ,i quote from the fourth edition1 published in #agbf4 #aai ,master ,lilly remarketh that angels 7and he must unquestionably mean to include fallen angels7 very rarely speak unto any one2 but when they do1 it is like the ,irish--very much in the throat4--,lilly's ,life1 p4 #hh4 #abj ,curses are not peculiar to one church2 ,john ,boys1 ,d4,d41 ,dean of ,canterbury1 #afbi1 educated at ,clare ,hall1 in ,cambridge1 was famous for his postils in defence of our liturgy1 and was also much esteemed for his good life4 ,he gained great applause by turning the ,lord's ,prayer into the following execration1 when he preached at ,paul's ,cross3--,our ,pope which art in ,rome1 cursed be thy name2 perish may thy kingdom2 hindered may thy will be1 as it is in heaven1 so in earth4 ,give us this day our cup in the ,lord's ,supper1 and remit our monies which we have given for thy indulgences1 as we send them back unto thee2 and lead us not into heresy1 but free us from misery1 for thine is the infernal pitch and sulphur1 for ever and ever4 ,amen4 #aba ,several of the female devotees have waxen images in their hands4 ,master ,glanville observeth that the devil frequently bringeth unto witches a waxen picture1 which they1 having christened it by the name of the person they wish to torment1 thrust pins into2 using these words as they perform their ceremonies1 ,thout tout1 a tout1 tout1 throughout and about4--,rentum1 tormentum1 etc4 etc4--,glanville1 p4 #big4 ,how wonderful has ,shakspeare appropriated these idle tales in his tragedy of ,macbeth6 ,he did not build upon the fables of ,greece and ,rome2 but leaving the mob of heathen deities to range over the classic ground which gave them birth1 leaving those writers who draw all their supplies from the fountain of antiquity to take their copious draughts unmolested1 he adopted the creed of his own nation1 and on the dim legends of superstition1 and oral traditions of credulity1 raised a superstructure which has stood the test of ages1 become more admired as it has been more minutely examined1 and is now gazed at with an almost idolatrous veneration4 #abb ,the influence of these men is astonishing4 ,they have the mind1 body1 and outward estate of their proselytes under their absolute direction2 all their assertions are considered as prophecies1 and every request has the force of a command4 ,men seem to have a natural tendency to a belief in divination2 and we have many instances where the commanders of armies have made great use of this easy faith4 ,when ,cromwell was in ,scotland1 a soldier stood with ,lilly's ,almanac in his hand1 and as the troops passed him1 roared out1 ,lo6 hear what ,lilly saith3 you are promised victory6 ,fight it out1 brave boys2 and when you have conquered--read the month's prediction4 #abc ,whosoever wisheth to know more of this ,surrey ,semiramis and her brood of rabbits1 may consult the ,memoirs of ,m4 ,st4 ,andre1 and some twelve or fifteen ingenious pamphlets1 published about the year #agbf1 at which time a number of surgeons subscribed a guinea each to ,mr4 ,hogarth1 for a print from a whimsical design he had previously made on this very philosophical subject4 #abd ,the figure is1 ,i believe1 intended for the boy of ,bilson1 who1 with an ostrich-like appetite1 swallowed as many tenpenny nails as would have furnished a petty ironmonger's shop4 ,this young gentleman1 who in his day deceived a whole county1 was only thirteen years of age4 ,his extraordinary fits1 agitations1 and the surprising distempers with which he seemed to be afflicted1 induced those who saw him to believe he was bewitched1 and possessed with a devil4 ,during the time he was in fits1 he appeared both deaf and blind2 writhing1 groaning1 and panting2 and although often pinched1 pricked with needles1 tickled1 severely whipped1 and otherwise corrected1 never seemed sensible of what was done to him4 ,when he was thought to be out of his fits1 he digested nothing that was given him for nourishment1 but would often astonish those present by bringing up thread1 straw1 crooked pins1 nails1 needles1 etc4 ,at this period his throat swelled1 his tongue grew rigid1 and he appeared to be incapable of speaking4 ,this juvenile impostor accused a poor honest industrious old woman of witchcraft1 and asserted that she had bewitched him4 ,by his artful behaviour when she was brought into the room where he was1 he raised in the minds of those about him a strong presumption of his accusations being founded4 ,under these impressions1 the woman was tried at ,stafford assizes1 but the jury had sense enough to acquit her4 ,by the judge's recommendation1 the boy was committed to the care of the ,bishop of ,lichfield and ,coventry1 who happened to be present in court4 ,his ,grace took him to his palace at ,eccleshall1 and there1 having the previous advice of several physicians1 intended to try the effect of severity2 but being in the meantime informed that the boy always fell into violent agitations upon hearing that verse of ,st4 ,john's ,gospel1 ,in the beginning was the ,word1 etc41 resolved to try another experiment4 ,assuming a grave and austere countenance1 he thus addressed him3-- ,boy1 it is either thou thyself or the devil that abhorrest these words of the ,gospel2 and if it be the devil1 there is no doubt of his understanding all languages1 so that he cannot but know and show his abhorrence when ,i recite the same sentence out of the ,gospel in the ,greek text2 but if it be thyself1 then thou art an execrable wretch1 who playest the devil's part in loathing that portion of the ,gospel of ,christ1 which above all other scripture doth express the admirable union of the ,godhead in one ,christ and ,saviour1 which union is the arch pillar of man's salvation4 ,wherefore look unto thyself1 for now thou art to be put unto trial1 and mark diligently whether it be the same scripture which shall be read unto thee out of the ,greek ,testament1 at the reading whereof in the ,english tongue thou dost seem to be so much troubled and tormented4 ,this experiment succeeded1 for neither the boy nor the devil understood the ,greek version4 #abe ,it was deemed an approved remedy for witchcraft1 to put a small wax model of any one under this baneful influence into a quart bottle with water1 cork it up to confine the spirit1 and place it before the fire4 ,notwithstanding all these precautions1 the spirit sometimes forced the cork1 and cast the contents of the bottle a considerable height4 #abf ,of the writings of this paragon of ,english monarchs--so wise that he was called the ,solomon of ,great ,britain--it has been truly said1 ,they are to be found in chandlers' shops even unto this day4 #abg ,a very grave historian relates1 that the ghost of ,sir ,george ,villiers appeared to one who had been his servant1 charging him to inform his son of the plan laid to destroy him6 ,the servant obeyed his instructions1 and informed his ,grace1 but the ,duke wanted faith--was negligent--and was assassinated3 though it does not seem probable that the crazed enthusiast who committed the murder had sufficient coherence of mind to lay any regular plan4 #abh ,drelincourt's ,defence against the ,fears of ,death is well written2 and in the confidence that a translation would sell1 the bookseller struck off a very large impression4 ,they lay undisturbed in his warehouse until ,daniel ,defoe added this ridiculous narrative1 which carried the book through one-and-twenty editions4 #abi ,this drummer was in the early part of his life a trooper in ,cromwell's army2 and as almost all this regiment of saints considered themselves in ,st4 ,paul's dragoons1 our drummer occasionally preached1 exhorted1 and expounded4 ,when the ,parliamentary army was disbanded1 or put under other commanders1 the manners of the people had a sudden and violent change2 extreme strictness was succeeded by universal dissipation1 and the whole nation displayed their abhorrence of their late rulers1 and loyalty to their new sovereign1 by general licentiousness4 ,a drum beat to a psalm tune would no longer attract an audience2 but still it was a favourite instrument1 and our heroic trooper1 being free from military engagements1 drummed his way through the kingdom with a forged pass4 ,happening to beat up in the neighbourhood of ,tedworth1 he attracted the notice of a ,mr4 ,mompesson1 who seized the martial instrument1 and punished the bearer4 ,from that time his ears were assailed by a perpetual drumming1 and his house for two or three years haunted by apparitions4 ,it attracted the notice of several of the neighbouring clergy1 and his ,majesty ,charles the ,second1 wishing to be satisfied about every particular1 sent down a number of persons to converse with this noisy spirit2 but during the time they stayed no spirit appeared1 neither was the sound of a drum heard4 ,notwithstanding this1 poor dub-a-dub was tried at ,salisbury assizes1 found guilty of being a wizard1 and luckily escaped with only transportation for life4 ,upon this story was founded ,addison's play of ,the ,drummer1 or the ,haunted ,house1 which has too much good sense to be generally relished at the theatres4 ,the ,cock ,lane ghost was engaged in scratching and hammering a very short time before the plate was published4 ,this ridiculous imposture attracted the notice of many respectable characters4 ,that one man1 whose writings are a mirror of truth and philosophy1 and whose life was an honour to human nature1 should be so far under the influence of superstition as to attend this nocturnal nonsense1 draws a pitying sigh4 #acj ,on the late ,john ,wesley's particular opinions ,i do not presume to make any comment2 but his zealous and unremitting exertions in what he deemed a good cause1 added to the primitive simplicity of his manners1 entitled him to high respect4 ,mr4 ,glanville was the patriarch of witchcraft1 and therefore a very proper high priest in the temple of credulity4 ,as his book gained him a good benefice1 and as a number of his proselytes consider ,sadducismus ,triumphatus entitled to equal credence with holy writ1 ,i have subjoined a few extracts for the edification of those who may not think the volume from which they are taken worth perusal4 ,it abounds with examples of barbarity1 flowing from a blind and bigoted credulity1 at which human nature shudders4 ,a relation of the strange witchcraft1 discovered in the village of ,mohra1 in ,swedeland1 about the year #afgj3-- ,the news of this witchcraft coming to the king's ear1 his ,majesty was pleased to appoint commissioners1 some of the clergy and some of the laity1 to make a journey to the town above mentioned to examine the whole business4 ,the commissioners met on the #abth of ,august at the parson's house1 and to them the minister and several people of fashion complained1 with tears in their eyes1 of the miserable condition they were in1 and therefore begged of them to think of some way whereby they might be delivered from that calamity4 ,they gave the commissioners very strange instances of the devil's tyranny among them3 how1 by the help of witches1 he had drawn some hundreds of children to him1 and made them subject to his power2 how he hath been seen to go in a visible shape through the country1 and appeared daily to the people2 how he had wrought upon the poorer sort1 by presenting them with meat and drink1 and this way allured them to himself2 with other circumstances to be mentioned hereafter4 ,they therefore begged of the ,lords ,commissioners to root out this hellish crew1 that they might regain their former rest and quietness2 and the rather1 because the children1 which used to be carried away in the country or district of ,esdaile1 since some witches had been burnt there1 remained unmolested4 ,examination being made1 there were discovered no less than three-score and ten witches in the village aforesaid2 three-and-twenty of which1 freely confessing their crimes1 were condemned to die2 the rest1 one pretending she was with child1 and the others denying1 and pleading not guilty1 were sent to ,faluna1 where most of them were afterwards executed4 ,fifteen children1 which likewise confessed they were engaged in this witchery1 died as the rest2 six-and-thirty of them1 between nine and sixteen years1 who had been less guilty1 were forced to run the gauntlet3 twenty more1 who had no great inclination1 yet had been seduced to these hellish enterprises1 because they were very young1 were condemned to be lashed with rods upon their hands for three ,sundays together1 at the church door2 and the aforesaid six-and-thirty were also doomed to be lashed this way once a week for a whole year together4 ,the number of seduced children was about three hundred1 etc4 ,the above narrative is taken out of the public register1 where all this1 with more circumstances1 is related4--,glanville1 p4 #did4 ,at ,stockholm1 in the year #afgf1 a young woman accused her mother of being a witch1 and swore positively that she had carried her away at night2 whereupon both the judges and ministers of the town exhorted the old woman to confession and repentance4 ,but she stiffly denied the allegations1 pleaded innocence2 and though they burnt another witch before her face1 and lighted the fire she was to burn in before her1 yet she still justified herself1 and continued to do so till the last2 and remaining obstinate1 was burnt4 ,a fortnight or three weeks after1 her daughter1 who had accused her1 came to the judges in open court 7weeping and howling71 confessed that she had accused her mother falsely1 out of a spleen she had against her for not gratifying her in a thing she desired1 and had charged her with a crime of which she was perfectly innocent4 ,hereupon the judges gave orders for her immediate execution4--,horneck's ,introduction to a ,narrative of ,witchcraft1 etc4--,glanville1 p4 #dha4 ,these are the horrid effects of credulity4 ,for the dreadful devastations made among the human race by superstition1 we may read the history of the ,inquisition4 ,among myriads of examples1 ,i was much struck by the following3-- ,along with the ,jews that were to be burnt at an auto-da-fe1 there was a girl not seventeen years of age1 who1 standing on that side where the queen sat1 petitioned for mercy4 ,she was wonderfully pretty2 and looking at the queen1 while her eyes streamed with tears1 in a most pathetic tone of voice exclaimed1 ',will not the presence of my sovereign make an alteration in my fate8 ,consider how short a period ,i have lived1 and that ,i suffer for adherence to a religion which ,i imbibed with my mother's milk4 ,mercy6 mercy6 mercy6' ,the queen turned away her eyes1--was evidently moved by compassion1 but--durst not ask the holy fathers for even a respite4--,m4 d',aunoy1 p4 #ff4 ,what unlimited power6 ,a queen dares not intercede for the pardon of a young girl1 guilty of no other crime than adhering to the faith of her ancestors6 ,one of the most shocking circumstances that attend these consecrated murders1 is the indulgences which the ,roman pontiffs have attached to the executioners4 ,those who lead the poor condemned wretches to the fire1 and throw them into the flames1 gain indulgences for one hundred years4 ,they who content themselves with only seeing them executed1 obtain fifty4 ,what horror6 ,the most detestable crimes1 the most unnatural cruelties1 are made a means of obtaining pardons from the ,god of mercy6 #aca ,whitfield's ,hymns1 p4 #acj4 #acb ,see ,mr4 ,burke's pamphlet on the ,french ,revolution4 #acc ,this is a fair representation of what the ,guards were then4 ,the highly-disciplined troop commanded by his ,royal ,highness of ,york defy satire4 #acd ,see ,john ,wilkes' history of the man after ,god's own heart4 #ace ,hogarth seems to have thought that ,mr4 ,pitt wished to be a perpetual dictator2 and1 in truth1 the ,secretary's own assertion in some degree justified the supposition3 ,he would not be responsible for measures which he was no longer allowed to guide4 ,whether the artist was right or wrong in his opinion1 ,i do not presume to assert3 ,i have endeavoured to describe characters as he has delineated them2 but with respect to this great man1 the safest way will be to quote his contemporaries4 ,i have subjoined two portraits1 drawn in his own day2 let the reader adopt that which pleases him best4 ,they prove how difficult it is to ascertain what were the abilities of a statesman from any accounts given during his life4 ,one party assert that ,mr4 ,pitt unites1 with the eloquence of ,cicero and the force of ,demosthenes1 the conciseness of ,sallust and the polished periods of ,isocrates6 ,another1--but to extract a part is not doing justice to the writers4 ,,chatham4 ,as this lord has long been dead to the world1 we shall speak of him as a man that has been4 ,a remarkable reflection1 arising from the character of ,lord ,chatham1 strikes us3 ,no statesman was ever more successful1 and no statesman ever deserved less to have been so4 ,this man entered into the army very early in life1 and there he ought to have remained4 ,his enterprise1 his rashness1 and his scrupulous sense of honour1 were qualities extremely proper in the profession of arms1 and would have adorned any military station1 except that of a chief commander4 ,but the field he renounced for the ,cabinet1 and ceased to be a good soldier that he might be a bad statesman4 ,in nature1 he was rash1 impetuous1 haughty1 and uncontrollable2 and these dangerous properties were neither tempered nor improved by education4 ,to those advantages which are acquired by study1 and those great views which are communicated by habits of reflection1 he was entirely a stranger4 ,his quickness was not corrected by judgment1 and his mind frequently was tired of the objects presented to it before it could perceive or comprehend them4 ,in a country where eloquence is little known1 his noise and vociferation acquired that name2 and without the experience of common sense1 he was extolled as superior to ,demosthenes or ,tully4 ,his speeches were not wanting in fire1 but they were innocent of thought4 ,he was perhaps the only man of his time who could harangue for many hours without communicating one distinct and well-digested idea to his audience4 ,in estimating his own merit he knew no bounds4 ,his vanity was excessive3 he saw every man inferior to himself3 on every man1 therefore1 he lavished his contempt4 ,capricious to the most boyish excess1 he was perpetually forming resolutions1 which he abandoned before he could put them in execution4 ,yet his instability1 through a fortuitous and whimsical concurrence of circumstances1 generally led the way to success4 ,the happy blunders of his administration procured him a reputation to which he had no title4 ,every scheme he planned ought to have miscarried4 ,we admire his good fortune1 not his wisdom4 ,popularity was the idol to which he bowed--a certain proof that his conduct was not influenced by those superior ideas which arise in high1 liberal1 and virtuous minds4 ,yet to this idol he would have sacrificed everything3 it would have sacrificed everything to him4 ,he possessed that intemperate pride which1 instead of guarding him from indecent errors1 led him to indiscretions2 and a respectable character was seldom a security from the licentious fury of his tongue4 ,in private life he was restless1 fretful1 unsocial1 and perpetually affecting complaints which he did not feel3 in public life he was weak1 headstrong1 imprudent1 and had no quality of a good minister but enterprise4 ,if he had continued in his first profession1 he might have served his country with honour2 but his ambition prompted him to assume the character of a statesman1 and he abused it4 ,on the whole1 he possessed virtues2 but his passions hurried them into excess1 and he did not even wish to restrain them4 ,hear the other side3-- ,,character ,,of ,,the ,,late ,,earl ,,of ,,chatham4 ,the ,secretary stood alone2 modern degeneracy had not reached him2 original and unaccommodating--the features of his character had the hardihood of antiquity4 ,no ,state chicanery1 no narrow system of vicious politics1 no idle contest for ministerial victories1 sunk him to the vulgar level of the great2 but overbearing and persuasive1 his object was--,england2 his ambition--fame6 ,without dividing1 he destroyed party2 without corrupting1 he made a venal age unanimous4 ,france sunk beneath him4 ,with one hand he smote the house of ,bourbon1 and wielded with the other the democracy of ,england4 ,the sight of his mind was infinite2 and his schemes were to affect1 not ,england and the present age only1 but ,europe and posterity4 ,wonderful were the means by which these schemes were accomplished2 always seasonable1 always adequate1 the suggestion of an understanding animated by ardour1 and enlightened by prophecy4 ,the ordinary feelings which make life amiable and indolent--those sensations which allure and vulgarize--were unknown to him4 ,a character so exalted1 so strenuous1 so various1 so authoritative1 astonished a corrupt age1 and the ,treasury trembled at the name of ,pitt through all her classes of venality4 ,corruption imagined1 indeed1 that she found defects in this statesman1 and talked much of the inconsistency of his glory1 and much of the ruin of his victories2 but the history of his country and the calamity of his enemies answered and refuted her4 ,nor were his political abilities his only talents2 his eloquence was an era in the senate1 peculiar and spontaneous1 familiarly expressing gigantic sentiments and instinctive wisdom3 not like the torrent of ,demosthenes1 or the conflagration of ,tully2 it resembled sometimes the thunder and sometimes the music of the spheres4 ,he did not conduct the understanding through the painful subtlety of argumentation2 nor was he for ever on the rack of exertion1 but rather lightened on the subject1 and reached the point by the flashings of the mind1 which1 like those of his eye1 were felt1 but could not be followed4 ,upon the whole1 there was in this man something that could create1 reform1 or subvert2 an understanding1 a spirit1 and an eloquence to summon mankind to society1 or to break the bonds of slavery asunder1 and rule the wildness of free minds with unbounded authority3 something that could establish or overwhelm empire1 and strike a blow in the world that should resound through the universe4 ,at the time of ,lord ,chatham being interred1 it was intimated in the public prints that an epitaph descriptive of his talents and services was to be inscribed on his tombstone2 and that any one writing such an epitaph would render an acceptable service to the committee who had the management of his monument4 ,the following was sent1 but as it was unkindly rejected by them1 it is here inserted3-- ,,here ,,lies ,,the ,,body ,,of ,,william ,,pitt1 ,,earl ,,of ,,chatham2 ,a ,,great ,,and ,,eloquent ,,statesman1 ,,whom ,,the ,,king ,,did ,,not ,,consult ,,or ,,employ1 ,,and ,,whom ,,the ,,king ,,was ,,resolved ,,never ,,to ,,consult ,,or ,,employ2 ,a ,,most ,,informed ,,and ,,enlightened ,,senator1 ,a ,,most ,,convincing ,,and ,,persuasive ,,orator1 ,,whose ,,opinions ,,and ,,advice ,,the ,,parliament ,,heard ,,with ,,most ,,illiberal ,,impatience1 ,,and ,,whose ,,arguments ,,they ,,treated ,,with ,,most ,,sovereign ,,contempt4 ,,these ,,were ,,the ,,sentiments1 ,,and ,,this ,,the ,,conduct1 ,,of ,,both ,,king ,,and ,,parliament4 ,,to ,,perpetuate ,,the ,,memory ,,of ,,his ,,abilities1 ,,and ,,their ,,wisdom1 ,,that ,,king ,,and ,,that ,,parliament ,,have ,,erected ,,this ,,monument4 #acf ,it has been generally called a ,cheshire cheese4 ,having never seen this pride of the ,english dairy with a hole bored through the middle1 ,i have ventured to pronounce it a millstone4 #acg ,lord ,bute is said to be personified by one of the ,highlanders3 as ,i cannot ascertain which1 my reader must discover it--if he can4 ,the fireman is probably intended for the ,duke of ,bedford4 #ach ,if ,hogarth must be so unmercifully abused for what he inserted1 he is entitled to some credit for what he erased4 ,i hope this blot in his original design will not be considered as an additional blot on his escutcheon4 #aci ,the small pyramid upon a little pedestal immediately behind him is1 ,i think1 an afterthought4 ,it much resembles the ornament inscribed ,cyprus1 which was painted on ,hogarth's chariot1 and might possibly be intended to carry some allusion to himself1 for the stream of water from one of the garretteers just touches the point4 #adj ,hogarth seems to have had a strong antipathy to the politics of this year4 ,in later impressions of ,plate #h of ,the ,rake's ,progress will be found a halfpenny with the same date1 in which ,britannia is represented in the character of a maniac1 with dishevelled hair1 etc4 #ada ,if this sign of the ,castle were not inscribed ,newcastle ,inn1 we should take it for a very old castle indeed4 ,its being in so ruinous a state1 the frame shattered1 and off one hook1 describes the ,duke's interest at that time4 ,his ,grace might be termed a ,father of the ,church1 for he had promoted almost every bishop in the kingdom1 and during the continuance of his administration an archbishop's levee could not have a more sable appearance4 ,he resigned1 or was turned out1 which the reader pleaseth2 and at his succeeding levee--there was not one ecclesiastic6 #adb ,lord ,besborough and the ,honourable ,robert ,hampden were1 ,i think1 joint ,postmasters-,general this year2 a short time after1 ,lord ,egmont had the situation of ,lord ,besborough1 but soon resigned4 #adc ,the ,prince of ,wales was born on the #abth of ,august #agfb4 ,just after her ,majesty was safely in her bed1 the waggons with the treasure of the ,hermione entered ,saint ,james's ,street1 on which the king and the nobility went to the window over the palace gate to see them1 and joined their acclamations on two such joyful occasions4 ,from hence the procession1 consisting of twenty waggons1 etc41 proceeded to the tower4--,annual ,register1 #agfb1 ,art4 ,august4 #add ,in the ,london ,magazine for ,september #agfb1 ,i find the following explanation3-- ,the subject of this print is1 as its title expresses it1 ',the ,times4' ,the first object is a quarter of the globe on fire1 supposed to be ,europe2 and ,france1 ,germany1 and ,spain1 denoted by their respective arms1 are represented in flames1 which appear to be extending themselves to ,great ,britain itself4 ,and this desolation is continued and increased by ,mr4 ,p----1 who is represented by the figure of ,henry ,,viii41 with a pair of bellows blowing up those flames which others are endeavouring to extinguish4 ,he is mounted on the stilts of the populace4 ,there is a ,cheshire cheese hanging between his legs1 and round the same '#cjjj per annum4' ,the manager of the engine-pipe is ,l---- ,b----1 who is assisted in working the engine by sailors1 ,english soldiers1 and ,highlanders2 but their good offices are impeded by a man with a wheel-barrow1 overladen with ,monitors and ,north ,britons1 brought to be thrown in to keep up the flame4 ,the respectable body depictured under ,mr4 ,p----1 are the m---- of ,london1 who are worshipping the idol they had formerly set up2 whilst a ,german prince1 who alone is sure to profit by the war1 is amusing himself with a violin among his miserable countrymen4 ,it is sufficiently apparent who is meant by the fine gentleman at the dining-room window of the ,temple ,coffeehouse1 who is squirting at the director of the engine-pipe1 whilst his garretteers are engaged in the same employment4 ,the picture of the ,indian alludes to the advocates for the retaining our ,west ,india conquests1 which1 they say1 will only increase excess and debauchery2 and the breaking down the ,newcastle ,arms1 and the drawing up the patriotic ones1 refer to the resignation of a noble ,duke1 and the appointment of a successor4 ,the ,dutchman smoking his pipe1 with a fox peeping out beneath him1 the emblem of cunning1 waiting the issue2 the waggon with the treasures of the ,hermione2 the unnecessary marching of the militia1 signified by the ,norfolk jig2 the dove with the olive branch2 and the miseries of war1 are obvious1 and need no explication4 ,in a newspaper of the day is the following whimsical description of the characters the writer chooses to say were really intended3-- ,the principal figure1 in the character of ,henry ,,viii41 appears to be not ,mr4 ,p----1 but another person1 whose power is signified by his bulk of carcase1 treading on ,mr4 ,p----1 represented by #cjjj4 ,the bellows may signify his well-meant though ineffectual endeavours to extinguish the fire by wind1 which1 though it will put out a small flame1 will cherish a large one4 ,the guider of the engine-pipe ,i should think can only mean his ,m----1 who unweariedly tries1 by a more proper method1 to stop the flames of war1 in which he is assisted by all his good subjects both by sea and land1 notwithstanding any interruption from ,auditors or ,britons1 ,monitors or ,north ,britons4 ,the respectable body at the bottom can never mean the magistrates of ,london3 ,mr4 ,h---- has more sense than to abuse so respectable a body4 ,much less can it mean the judges4 ,i think it may as likely be the ,court of ,session in ,scotland1 either in the attitude of adoration1 or with outspread arms1 intending to catch their patron should his stilts give way4 ,the ,frenchman may very well sit at his ease among his miserable countrywomen1 as he is not unacquainted that ,france has always gained by negotiating what she lost in fighting4 ,the fine gentleman at the window1 with his garretteers1 and the barrow of periodical papers1 refers to the present contending parties of every denomination4 ,the breaking of the ,newcastle ,arms alludes to the resignation of a great personage2 and the replacing of them by the sign of the ,four ,clenched ,fists may be thought emblematical of the great economy of his successor4 ,the ,norfolk jig signifies in a lively manner the alacrity of all his ,majesty's forces during the war2 and ,g4 ,t4 7,george ,townshend7 fecit1 is an opportune compliment paid to ,lord ,townshend1 who1 in conjunction with ,mr4 ,wyndham1 published ,a ,plan of ,discipline for the use of the ,norfolk ,militia1 quarto1 and had been the greatest advocate for the establishment of our present militia4 ,the picture of the ,indian alive from ,america1 is a satire on our late uncivilised behaviour to the three chiefs of the ,cherokee nation who were lately in this kingdom1 and the bags of money set this in a still clearer point of view1 signifying the sums gained by showing them at our public gardens4 ,the sly ,dutchman with his pipe seems pleased with the combustion1 from which he thinks he shall be a gainer2 and the ,duke of ,nivernois1 under the figure of a dove1 is coming from ,france to give a cessation of hostilities to ,europe4 #ade ,in the first impressions1 considering ,mr4 ,pitt as a tyrant1 he introduced him in the character of ,henry ,,viii42 this was afterwards properly altered4 #adf ,there are strong prejudices in favour of straight lines1 as constituting true beauty in the human form1 where they never should appear4 ,a middling connoisseur thinks no profile has beauty without a very straight nose2 and if the forehead be continued straight with it1 he thinks it is still more sublime4 ,the common notion that a person should be straight as an arrow1 and perfectly erect1 is of this kind4 ,if a dancing-master were to see his scholar in the easy and gracefully turned attitude of the ,antinous1 he would cry shame on him1 and tell him he looked as crooked as a ram's horn1 and bid him hold up his head as he himself did4--,preface to the ,analysis of ,beauty1 p4 #h4 #adg ,of ,ramsay's manner1 ,churchill had an opinion similar to ,hogarth's4 ,speaking of ,scotland1 he says1 ,from thence the ,ramsays1 men of 'special note1 ,of whom one paints as well as t'other wrote4 --,prophecy of ,famine4 #adh ,the ,british ,lion seems by no means delighted at the distribution he is forced to make4 ,the strong arm1 drawing a long lever1 has distorted his mouth1 and1 though gagged1 his wry face shows his agony4 #adi ,among the admirable things recorded as ,mr4 ,wilkes' jests1 is a remark upon this same red book3 ,sir1 it is the only book now red 7read74 #aej ,see the ,north ,briton4 #aea ,as a paint-pot and brushes are placed in the corner1 it is supposed ,hogarth intended to represent ,himself as one of the group3 perhaps this may be the figure4 #aeb ,the porter with his knot upon his head1 and a pipe in his mouth1 leans against the pillory4 #aec ,let it be observed1 that in this1 as well as in many more of ,mr4 ,hogarth's prints1 the buildings are reversed3 in the drawing from whence the engraving was made they were right4 #aed ,to be told that ,i am wrong in some of their names will not surprise me4 ,the figure presenting a snuff-box1 ,i judged to be ,earl ,temple1 from his face having been originally etched without features1 and a nose and chin added4 ,another with a riband1 whose back only is seen1 from its similarity to an engraving after the design of a noble marquis1 ,i have denominated ,lord ,winchelsea4 ,a higher figure1 on his left hand1 is possibly the ,duke of ,bedford2 the interrogating profile1 with a hat on1 somewhat lower1 has the air of ,mr4 ,rigby4#aee ,i have conjectured that a gentleman remarkably rotund is intended for ,lord ,melcombe2 the noble lord beneath him may be designed for the ,duke of ,devonshire2 and the grave senator in spectacles1 above the ear-trumpet1 is perhaps ,earl ,bath4 #aee ,the rail1 which ,i have said was perhaps intended to divide the ,commons from the ,lords1 might yet be designed to divide the men most active in the ,opposition from the ,ministry4 ,to either supposition there are objections which ,i cannot solve4 #aef ,a man in a porter-house1 classing himself as an eminent literary character1 was asked by one of his companions what right he had to assume such a title8 the reply was remarkable3 ,sir1 ,i'd have you know1 ,i had the honour of chalking ,number #de upon every door between ,temple ,bar and ,hyde ,park ,corner4 #aeg ,the public must certainly have had the same opinion1 for at that period ,mr4 ,wilkes was in the meridian of his popularity4 ,though not exactly like ,gay's hare in the fable1 he had many friends1 and ,mr4 ,nichols relates1 that a copperplate printer informed him near four thousand copies of this etching were worked off in a few weeks4 ,these must necessarily have been sold1 and we may naturally infer were bought by his friends4 #aeh ,equally memorable was his reply to a friend who requested him to sit to ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds1 and have his portrait placed in ,guildhall1 being then so popular a character that the ,court of ,aldermen would willingly have paid the expense4 ,no1 replied he1 ,no6 they shall never have a delineation of my face1 that will carry to posterity so damning a proof of what it was4 ,who knows but a time may come when some future ,horace ,walpole will treat the world with another quarto volume of historic doubts1 in which he may prove that the numerous squinting portraits on tobacco papers and halfpenny ballads1 inscribed with the name of ,john ,wilkes1 are 'a weak invention of the enemy1' for that ,i was not only unlike them1 but1 if any inference can be drawn from the general partiality of the fair sex1 the handsomest man of the age ,i lived in4 #aei ,if ,hogarth at first intended it for a caricature1 who knows but the old lion might have repented himself1 for he afterwards threw the original drawing into the fire2 it was snatched out by ,mrs4 ,lewis4 #afj ,that ,hogarth should be unseen by all1 and yet seen by ,virtue1 if not a blunder1 is very nearly allied to it4 #afa ,this remark extends no further than to the figure of ,churchill4 ,in the little design on a palette1 which was added some time after the print was published1 there is much wit4 #afb ,these angry strains had1 ,i suppose1 their origin in ,hogarth having on some occasion charged ,churchill with falsehood4 ,the accusation might probably allude to personal satire1 and the bard's warmest admirers must admit1 that though his characters are highly drawn1 and still more highly coloured1 they are rather political than historical1 rather poetical than biographical4 ,an uneducated painter1 who had not taste enough to conceive that poetry1 however animated1 could make that truth which he knew to be falsehood1 might possibly give his opinion in very displeasing terms4 #afc ,porter was the poet's favourite beverage2 but though he quaffed more entire butt than bard beseems1 he drank still deeper draughts from the fountain of ,helicon4 ,many of his stanzas breathe inspiration4 #afd ,much wretched writing1 in both verse and prose1 concerning this contest between the pencil and the pen1 was inserted in the prints of the day4 ,the following explanation1 indifferent as it may be thought1 is the best ,i happen to have seen3-- ,the bear with a tattered band represents the former strength and abilities of ,mr4 ,hogarth2 the full pot of beer likewise shows that he was in a land of plenty4 ,the stump of a headless tree1 with the notches1 and on it written ',lie1' signifies ,mr4 ,hogarth's former art1 and the many productions thereof1 wherein he has excelled even nature itself1 and which of course must be but lies1 flattery1 and fallacy1 the painter's prerogative2 and the stump of a tree only being left1 shows that there can be no more fruit expected from thence1 but that it only stands as a record of his former services4 ,the butcher's dog trampling on ,mr4 ,churchill's ,epistle alludes to the present state of ,mr4 ,hogarth1 who is now reduced from the strength of a bear to a blind butcher's dog1 not able to distinguish1 but degrading1 his best friends2 or perhaps giving the public a hint to read that ,epistle1 where his case is more fully laid before them4 ,the next matter to be explained is the subscription-box1 and under it is a book said to contain ,a ,list of ,subscribers to the ,north ,briton1 as well as one of ,a ,new ,way to ,pay ,old ,debts4 ,mr4 ,hogarth mentioned the ,north ,briton to avoid the censure of the rabble in the street1 who he knew would neither pity nor relieve him2 and as ,mr4 ,churchill was reputed to be the writer of that paper1 it would seem to give a colour in their eyes of its being intended against ,mr4 ,churchill4 ,mr4 ,hogarth meant only to show his necessity1 and that a book entitled ,a ,list of ,subscribers to the ,north ,briton contained in fact a list of those who should contribute to the support of ,mr4 ,hogarth in old age4 ,by the book entitled ,a ,new ,way to ,pay ,old ,debts1 he can only mean this1 that when a man is become disabled to get his livelihood and much in debt1 the only shift he has left is to go a-begging to his creditors4 ,there are likewise in this print some of his old tools1 without any hand to use them4 #afe ,this thought might possibly be suggested by one of ,shakspeare's witches3 ,sleep shall neither night nor day ,hang upon his pent-house lid1 ,he shall live a man forbid1 etc4 ,how admirable a contrast is formed by ,robert ,lloyd's description of an opposite character6 ,dull folly1--not the wanton wild1 ,imagination's younger child1 ,had taken lodgings in his face1 ,as finding that a vacant place4 #aff ,little did the sportive satirist imagine that the power of pleasing was so soon to cease in both6 ,hogarth died in four weeks after the publication of this poem1 and ,churchill survived him but nine days4 ,in some lines which were printed in ,november #agfd1 the compiler of these anecdotes took occasion to lament that ',scarce had the friendly tear1 ,for ,hogarth shed1 escap'd the generous eye ,of feeling pity1 when again it flow'd ,for ,churchill's fate4 ,ill can we bear the loss ,of ,fancy's twin-born offspring1 close allied ,in energy of thought1 though different paths ,they sought for fame6--,though jarring passions sway'd ,the living artists1 let the funeral wreath ,unite their memory6' --,nichols' ,biographical ,anecdotes of ,hogarth4 #afg ,in ,mr4 ,churchill's will was the following item3-- ,i desire my dear friend ,john ,wilkes1 ,esq41 to collect and publish my works1 with the remarks and explanations he has prepared1 and any other he thinks proper to make4 ,could ,mr4 ,churchill really think it was possible that notes by ,mr4 ,wilkes1 or any other man1 would justify his malignant attack upon ,hogarth8 #afh ,what a satire upon himself6 ,what an apology for ,hogarth's print6 #afi ,this is a very singular acknowledgment3 it is1 ,i believe1 the first instance of a person feeling himself flattered at being told that he had murdered an old man4 #agj ,he frequently engraved a ticket for one series of prints1 and presented it with another4 #aga ,see the engraved title-page to vol4 ii4 #agb ,in the reduced copy ,i have ventured to abridge this title1 though the very ingenious baptisms of sundry modern prints would have given ample countenance to the old inscription4 ,for example3 ,a girl hugging a dog in her arms is1 with great attention to analogy1 called ,nature2 and a woman with a large mallet in one hand1 and a tenpenny nail in the other1 ,art4 ,a female with a consumptive curd-and-whey countenance1 that would not have got her a lover even in ,otaheite1 they have miscalled ,beauty2 and a little gorged misshapen boy1 with swollen cheeks1 and a bow and arrow1 they kindly inform you is ,love4 ,a farmer's daughter with a basket on her arm1 in which are two pigeons quarrelling for a straw1 and drawing it different ways1 is christened ,conjugal ,peace2 and a very picturesque landscape1 with a crowd of figures in the background1 baptized ,solitude6 ,innumerable other instances might be given2 but these are sufficient to prove1 that in erroneous inscription ,hogarth is not alone4 #agc ,this good gentleman was undoubtedly designed to place his hand upon his heart2 but ,hogarth had either heard of some examples similar to one which was lately seen at ,dr4 ,john ,hunter's1 or has1 as in many other instances1 reversed the drawing4 #agd ,the ,countess ,spencer1 who has dignified the arts by making several very elegant drawings1 has given a sanction to this baptism in a print lately engraved by ,bartolozzi4 #age ,the pit was formerly the seat of the critics1 and dread of authors2 our critics of the present day have taken to the green boxes4 #agf ,the father of ,huggins was warden of the ,fleet ,prison1 and in that office guilty of extortion1 cruelty1 breach of trust1 and many other crimes2 he accumulated a considerable fortune1 and died at ninety years of age4 ,his son ,william was educated for holy orders1 and sent to ,magdalen ,college1 ,oxford1 where he took the degree of ,m4,a41 but on the death of his elder brother gave up all thoughts of entering into the church4 ,in #ageg some flattering verses were addressed to him on his version of ,ariosto3 they are preserved in the ,gentleman's ,magazine1 vol4 xxvii4 p4 #ahj2 but1 except by the author and the person to whom they are written1 were probably never read through4 ,a specimen of his translation from ,dante1 which was published in the ,british ,magazine for #agfj1 exhibits an unequivocal proof that ,mr4 ,huggins was worthy of his encomiast4 ,he died the #b;d of ,july #agfa1 and left to posterity a ,,ms4 tragedy1 a ,,ms4 translation of ,dante1 a ,,ms4 farce1 and though last1 not least in estimation--two thousand pounds per annum4 #agg ,he was a respectable performer on the violin1 some years chapelmaster at ,antwerp1 and several seasons leader of the band at ,marybone ,gardens4 ,he published a collection of musical compositions1 to which was annexed a portrait of himself1 characterized by three lines from ,milton3 ,thou honour'dst verse1 and verse must lend her wing ,to honour thee1 the priest of ,phbus' quire1 ,that tun'st her happiest lines in hymn or song4 ,he died in #agej1 aged seventy years1 and gives one additional name to a catalogue ,i have somewhere seen of very old professors of music1 who1 saith my author1 generally live unto a greater age than persons in any other way of life1 from their souls being so attuned unto harmony1 that they enjoy a perpetual peace of mind4 ,it has been observed1 and ,i believe justly1 that thinking is a great enemy to longevity1 and that1 consequently1 they who think least will be likely to live longest4 ,the quantity of thought necessary to make an adept in this divine science must be determined by those who have studied it4 #agh ,in thus bringing to shame the ignorant or prejudiced audience who could be blind to his genius1 he hath been right worthily imitated by sundry great writers in this our day4 #agi ,i once saw the following ,,ms4 note in the marginal leaf of this oratorio3 ,if the writer of this had his desserts1 ,full soon would injur'd ,judith slay him1 ,or pious ,jael1 ,siser-a him4 #ahj ,at a time when ,doctor ,shippen1 ,i mean the astronomical ,shippen1 was principal of ,brazennose ,college1 the musical professor died1 and the ,doctor offered himself as a candidate for the place4 ,to the science he was a total stranger1 but by strength of interest carried the election1 though opposed by a gentleman highly eminent for his musical abilities4 ,in less than twelve moons the professor of astronomy died1 and the electors1 ashamed of their former conduct1 went in a body to the musical gentleman they had before rejected1 and offered him the vacant astronomical chair4 ,he was weak enough to refuse2 because1 forsooth1 he did not understand astronomy1 and died without place1 pension1 or university honour4 ,even now these things are managed in much the same way4 ,a nobleman who had the privilege of appointing a chorister to ,christ ,church1 ,cambridge1 sent them one who was not only ignorant of music1 but croaked like an old raven1 because the fellow had a vote for a ,huntingdonshire borough4 ,this gave rise to the following epigram3-- ,a singing man1 and cannot sing6 ,from whence arose your patron's bounty8 ,give us a song6--,excuse me1 sir1 ,my voice is in another county4 #aha ,a chief betokeneth a senatour1 or honourable personage1 borrowed from the ,greek1 and is a word signifying a head2 and as the head is the chief part in a man1 so the chief in the escocheon should be a reward of such only1 whose high merites have procured them chief places1 esteem1 or love amongst men4--,,guillim4 #ahb ,the bearing of clouds in armes 7saith ,upton7 doth import some excellencie4 #ahc ,originally printed docter1 but altered4 #ahd ,one of them1 but ,i know not which1 is said to be intended for ,doctor ,pierce ,dod1 physician to ,st4 ,bartholomew's ,hospital1 who died ,august #f1 #aged4 ,another for ,doctor ,bamber1 a celebrated anatomist1 physician1 and accoucheur1 to whose estate the present ,gascoyne family succeeded1 and by whose surname two of them have been baptized4 #ahe ,when very young1 ,i was once in company with the ,chevalier at the house of a ,doctor ,cheyne ,harte1 in ,shrewsbury1 and ,i remember his person having a strong resemblance to this print4 ,i also recollect that he carried his gold1 silver1 and copper coin in his coat pocket4 ,he had uncommon skill in his profession1 but was ridiculously ostentatious1 and is said to have expended near a thousand guineas in a set of gold instruments4 ,at this species of foppery ,hogarth has well hinted1 in the laced or ,dresden ruffles with which he alone is decorated4 ,his portrait was painted at ,rome by the ,chevalier ,riche4 ,beneath it is the following inscription3 ,joannes ,taylor1 ,medicus in ,optica expertissimus1 multisque in ,academiis celeberrimis ,socius4 #ahf ,to this volume there is the longest title ,i remember to have seen3 it might serve for a table of contents2 and containing a sort of brief abstract of his adventures1 ,i have inserted it3-- ,the ,life and ,extraordinary ,history of ,chevalier ,john ,taylor1 ,member of the most celebrated ,academies1 ,universities1 and ,societies of the learned--,chevalier in several of the first courts of the world--illustrious 7by patent7 in the apartments of many of the greatest ,princes1#ahg ,ophthalmiater ,pontifical1 ,imperial1 and ,royal--to his late ,majesty--to the ,pontifical ,court--to the ,person of her ,imperial ,majesty--to the ,kings of ,poland1 ,denmark1 ,sweden1 etc4--to the several ,electors of the ,holy ,empire--to the ,royal ,infant ,duke of ,parma--to the ,prince of ,saxe-,gotha1 ,serenissime1 brother to her ,royal ,highness the ,princess ,dowager of ,wales--to the ,prince ,royal of ,poland--to the late ,prince of ,orange--to the present princes of ,bavaria1 ,modena1 ,lorraine1 ,brunswick1 ,anspach1 ,bareith1 ,liege1 ,salzbourg1 ,middlebourg1 ,hesse ,cassel1 ,holstein1 ,zerbst1 ,georgia1 etc4--,citizen of ,rome1 by a public act in the name of the senate and people--,fellow of that ,college of ,physicians--,professor in ,optics--,doctor in ,medicine1 and ,doctor in ,chirurgery1 in several universities abroad2 who has been on his travels upwards of thirty years1 with little or no interruption1 during which he has not only been several times in every town in these kingdoms1 but in every kingdom1 province1 state1 and city of the least consideration--in every court1#ahh presented to every crowned head and sovereign prince in all ,europe1 without exception3 containing the greatest variety of the most entertaining and interesting adventures1 that1 it is presumed1 has ever yet been published in any country or in any language4 #ahg ,when he was once enumerating the honours he had received from the different princes of ,europe1 and the orders with which he had been dignified by innumerable sovereigns1 a gentleman present remarked that he had not named the ,king of ,prussia2 and added1 ,i suppose1 sir1 he never gave you any order8 ,you are mistaken1 sir1 replied the ,chevalier3 he gave me a very peremptory order to quit his dominions4 #ahh ,on his return from a tour on the ,continent1 he once met a plain man1 who1 addressing him with great familiarity1 was repulsed with a cold formal frown1--and1 ,sir1 ,i really don't remember you4 ,not remember me6 why1 my goodness1 ,doctor6 we both lodged on one floor in ,round ,court4 ,round ,court1--,round ,court1--,round ,court8--,sir1 ,i have been in every court in ,europe1 but of such a court as ,round ,court ,i have no recollection4 #ahi ,september #af1 #agcf4 ,on ,thursday ,mrs4 ,mapp's plate of ten guineas was run for at ,epsom4 ,a mare1 called ,mrs4 ,mapp1 won the first heat1 when ,mrs4 ,mapp gave the rider a guinea1 and swore1 if he won the plate she would give him a hundred4 ,september #bc1 #agcf4 ,mrs4 ,mapp continues making extraordinary cures3 she has now set up an equipage1 and on ,sunday waited on her ,majesty4 ,october #ai1 #agcf1 ,london ,daily ,post4 ,mrs4 ,mapp being present at the acting of ,the ,wife's ,relief1 concurred in the universal applause of a crowded audience4 ,this play was advertised by the desire of ,mrs4 ,mapp1 the famous bone-setter from ,epsom4 ,october #ba1 #agcf4 ,on ,saturday evening there was such a concourse of people at the ,theatre ,royal in ,lincoln's-,inn ,fields to see the famous ,mrs4 ,mapp1 that several ladies and gentlemen were obliged to return for want of room4 ,the confusion at going out was so great1 that several ladies and gentlemen had their pockets picked1 and many of the former lost their fans1 etc4 ,yesterday she was elegantly entertained by ,doctor ,ward1 at his house in ,pall ,mall4 ,on ,saturday1 and yesterday1 ,mrs4 ,mapp performed several operations at the ,grecian ,coffeehouse1 particularly one upon a niece of ,sir ,hans ,sloane1#aij to his great satisfaction1 and her credit4 ,the patient had her shoulder-bone out for about nine years4 ,december #bb1 #agcg4 ,died last week1 at her lodgings near ,seven ,dials1 the much talked of ,mrs4 ,mapp1 the bone-setter1 so miserably poor1 that the parish was obliged to bury her4 #aij ,i have heard it suggested that this harlequin figure1 received as ,mrs4 ,mapp1 was really intended for ,sir ,hans ,sloane4 #aia ,he was originally in partnership with his brother1 a drysalter in ,thames ,street4 ,by a fire which broke out in an adjoining house1 their joint property was destroyed1 and ,mr4 ,ward escaped by clambering over the tops of several houses in his shirt4 ,in the year #agag he was returned member for ,marlborough1 but by a vote of the ,house of ,commons declared not duly elected4 ,it is imagined that he was in some manner connected with his brother ,john ,ward 7immortalized by ,mr ,pope7 in the ,south ,sea ,bubble1 for he left ,england rather abruptly2 and during his residence abroad1 is supposed to have turned ,roman ,catholic4 ,it was during his exile that he acquired such a knowledge of medicine and chemistry as was afterwards the means of raising him to a state of affluence4 ,about the year #agcc he began to practise physic1 and combated for some time the united efforts of argument1 jealousy1 and ridicule1 by each of which he was opposed4 ,by some lucky cures1 and particularly one on a relation of ,sir ,joseph ,jekyl1 ,master of the ,rolls1 he triumphed over his enemies2 was1 by a vote of the ,house of ,commons1 exempted from being visited by the censors of the college1 and called in to the assistance of ,george the ,second1 whose hand he cured2 and in lieu of a pecuniary compensation1 was1 at his own request1 permitted to ride in his gaudy and heavy equipage through ,st4 ,james's ,park1 an honour seldom granted to any but persons of rank4 ,besides this1 the ,king gave a commission to his nephew1 the late ,general ,gansel4 ,he distributed medicine and advice to the poor gratis4 ,there is as bad a print as ,i have seen representing him thus employed4 ,by such conduct he acquired great popularity1 and was1 indeed1 entitled to great praise4 ,he died ,december #ba1 #agfa1 at a very advanced age1 and left the receipts for compounding his medicines to ,mr4 ,page1 member for ,chichester1 who bestowed them on two charitable institutions1 which have derived considerable advantage from the profits attending their sale4 ,in the ,london ,chronicle for ,february #bg1 #agfb1 is the following intimation3-- ,a monument is going to be erected in ,westminster ,abbey1 next to that of ,mr4 ,dryden's1 to the memory of ,joshua ,ward1 of ,whitehall1 ,esq41 on which will be placed a fine bust of the deceased1 that had been long in his possession4 #aib ,the veil which was then spread over this science has been partly removed by the publication of ,doctor ,buchan's ,domestic ,medicine1--a treatise which ,i have frequently heard reprobated by gentlemen of the ,faculty1 for laying open to the world1 in language so perspicuous1 those mysterious secrets which had been before disguised in dog ,latin3 it has1 however1 gone through more editions than any book in this language1 except ,robinson ,crusoe and the ,pilgrim's ,progress4 #aic ,the poet1 in this instance1 laboureth under a mistake2 for ,i am informed by a gentleman learned in the law1 that if a physician neglecteth to receive his fees1 and his patient recovereth1 he hath no legal claim1 neither will an action lie2 but if his patient dieth1 an action against the executors is good3 the ,court will admit the claim1 and the jury find a verdict1 with full costs of suit4 ,this is very proper1 and proveth that law and equity are the same2 and that if a physician doth his business1 he can recover his reward2 but if he neglecteth1 and his patient doth not die1 why should he have any remuneration8 #aid ,what caricature is in painting1 burlesque is in writing2 and in the same manner the comic writer and painter correlate to each other4 ,but here ,i shall observe1 that as in the former the painter seems to have the advantage1 so it is in the latter infinitely on the side of the writer2 for the monstrous is much easier to paint than describe1 and the ridiculous to describe than paint4 ,and though perhaps this latter species doth not in either science so strongly affect and agitate the muscles as the other1 yet it will be owned1 ,i believe1 that a more rational and useful pleasure arises to us from it4 ,he who should call the ingenious ,hogarth a burlesque painter1 would1 in my opinion1 do him very little honour2 for sure it is much easier1 much less the subject of admiration1 to paint a man with a nose or any other feature of a monstrous size1 or to expose him in some absurd or monstrous attitude1 than to express the affections of men on canvas4 ,it has been thought a vast commendation of a painter to say1 his figures seem to breathe2 but surely it is a much greater and nobler applause1 that they appear to think4 ,this is ,fielding's opinion1 and the fiat of such a writer ought to have great weight2 for his characters and ,hogarth's pictures are drawn from the same source4 #aie ,i have adhered to ,hogarth's orthography4 #aif ,she was suspected to have been concerned in the murder of ,mr4 ,nesbit in #agbi1 near ,drury ,lane1 for which one ,kelly1 alias ,owen1 suffered death4 ,the only ground of his conviction was a bloodied razor1 that was known to be his property1 being found under the murdered man's head4 ,kelly died protesting his innocence1 and solemnly asserted that he had lent the razor to a woman whose name and habitation he did not know4 #aig ,it appeared on the trial that ,mrs4 ,duncombe had only fifty-four pounds in her box2 and fifty-three pounds eleven shillings and sixpence were found upon ,malcolm4 #aih ,one part of her defence was1 it must be acknowledged1 rather weak3 she declared that seventeen pounds of the money found in her hair was sent to her by her father2 but on inquiry1 it was proved that he lived in a state of extreme and pitiable poverty in the city of ,dublin1 where she was born4 #aii ,the crowd was so great1 that a ,mrs4 ,strangeways1 who lived in ,fleet ,street1 near ,serjeants' ,inn1 crossed the street from her own house to ,mrs4 ,coulthurst's1 on the opposite side of the way1 over the heads and shoulders of the populace4 #bjj ,this paper he sold for twenty pounds2 and the substance of it was printed in the ,gentleman's ,magazine for #agcc4 ,peddington died ,september #ah1 #agcd4 #bja ,the late ,mr4 ,barry1 whose works are an honour to his age and country1 and would alone give celebrity and immortality to the ,english school1 in his picture of ,elysium1 or the state of final retribution1 has introduced ,sir ,isaac ,newton looking at the solar system1 which an angel is to him uncovering4 ,this is one of the most sublime and poetical thoughts ,i ever saw expressed upon canvas4 #bjb ,that his conquests have in their consequences rendered the people he subdued unhappy1 must be admitted1 and is to be lamented4 ,though ,i am inclined to suspect that the narrations of ,bartholomew de las ,casas1 and some other writers1 are greatly exaggerated1 we have indisputable evidence of such oppression1 murder1 and massacre1 as must make every reader shudder4 ,if the same system is still pursued1--and ,i fear it has been but little softened1--the evil will correct itself2 and who will not rejoice at the total extirpation of these merciless tyrants1 and emancipation of that unhappy race whom they have so long enslaved8 ,let us not1 from this1 censure the extension of commerce1 or civilisation of the savage2 for both these great objects ultimately tend to make men wiser1 better1 and happier4 ,to the beardless philosopher1 who adopts the fascinating visions of ,rousseau1 is an advocate for the blessings of barbarism1 and contends for the superiority of the savage to the civilised animal1 ,i earnestly recommend the perusal of ,mickle's ,introduction to the ,lusiad4 ,if the arguments adduced by that excellent writer--and1 from intimate personal knowledge1 ,i venture to add1 excellent man--will not convince him1 and he still languishes for pathless wilds1 let him retreat from civilised society to the frozen rocks of ,kamtschatka1 or join the ,aborigines of ,new ,holland4 #bjc ,when he promised a new hemisphere1 it was insisted upon that no such hemisphere could exist2 and when he had discovered it1 asserted that it had been known long before4 ,the honour was given to the ,carthaginians2 and1 to prove they deserved it1 a book of ,aristotle's was quoted1 which ,aristole never wrote4 ,it was further said1 that one ,martin ,behem went from ,nuremburg to the ,straits of ,magellan1 in #adfj1 with a patent from the ,duchess of ,burgundy1 who1 as she was not alive at that time1 could not issue patents4--,,voltaire4 #bjd ,some authors have said from the port of ,gomera1 and dated his departure on the #fth of ,september4 ,this momentous point must be decided by those who study minute chronology2 and we are so fortunate as to live in the same age with a writer who can determine the day of the month and day of the week when ,adam was created3 ,adam created1 ,friday1 ,october #bh1 #djjd2 died1 #cjcd before ,christ1 aged #icj4--,trusler's ,chronology4 #bje ,americus ,vespucius1 a merchant of ,florence1 had the honour of giving his name to this new half of the globe1 in which he did not possess one acre of land2 and pretended to be the first who discovered the continent4 ,admitting it true that he first discovered it1 the glory is due to the man who had the penetration to see that the voyage was practicable1 and the courage to perform it4 ,columbus made three voyages1 as viceroy and admiral1 five years before ,americus made one as a geographer2 but ,vespucius writing to his friends at ,florence that he had discovered a new world1 they took his word1 and the citizens decreed that a grand illumination should be made before the door of his house every three years1 on the feast of ,all ,saints4 ,such are the accidents by which honours are attained4 ,a merchant gives his name to one half of the globe from happening to be on board a fleet that in #adhi sailed along the coast of ,brazil6 #bjf ,this story has been told of ,brunelleschi1 who improved the architecture of ,florence many years before ,columbus was born1 and it has been since related of many others4 ,these ambulatory anecdotes are transferred from one traveller to another1 like the wishing-cap of ,fortunatus1 that was made to fit every head on which it was placed4 #bjg ,there is scarce an ,egyptian1 ,greek1 or ,roman deity1 but hath a twisted serpent1 twisted cornucopia1 or some symbol winding in this manner1 to accompany it4--,preface to ,analysis of ,beauty1 p4 #ah4 #bjh ,some of these were in wood1 and some in copper4 ,the painter1 when once asked why he did not answer them1 replied1 that he had not seen one which promised to live so long as it would take to engrave a plate4 ,a few of these poignant satires ,i have seen2 but they have now attained a black letter value1 and are seldom to be found except in the cabinets of the curious4 ,a series of six or eight1 beginning with one entitled ,the ,butifyer1 or a ,touch on the ,times1 ,plate ,i41 were designed and engraved by an artist of deserved celebrity4#bji ,with a frankness for which he is remarkable1 and which does him honour1 he once acknowledged to me1 that being a very young man1 he was deceived by the loud clamours of certain veterans1 at that time leaders in the arts2 but had he seen ,hogarth's merit then as he does now1 nothing should have induced him to attempt the ridicule of such talents4 #bji ,mr4 ,paul ,sandby4 #baj ,this alludes to the time ,hogarth thought would elapse before ,stuart's plan was completed2 and the prediction was amply verified1 for the second volume of ,athens was not published until #aghi or #ij1 though the title-page is dated #aghg4 #baa ,stuart being once questioned by ,frank ,hayman upon his right to assume both these titles1 said that ,poetry was his wife1 and ,architecture his mistress4 ,you may call them so1 said ,hayman1 but ,i never heard that you had living issue by either4 #bab ,the mortification ,hogarth naturally felt at seeing more money given for a drawing of an ancient pig-sty than he received for his most capital work1 was unquestionably the strongest inducement4 #bac ,a description of this print was published in ,the ,beauties of all the ,magazines for #agfa2 part of it ,i have subjoined3-- ,over the first row is written the title ,episcopal4 ,the first capital discovers only a forked nose1 lips1 and one eye2 the rest of the face is eclipsed by the wig's protuberance4 ,the next three etchings are only the hinder parts of heads2 by these ,mr4 ,hogarth satirizes the present age for their immoralities1 which are so notorious1 that three-fifths of the religious orders turn their backs upon us1 not being able to behold such wickedness4 ,the last visage in the line is marked with true pedantic contempt2 the wig's fore-top is like the forked hill of ,parnassus1 and there is a roll round the forehead1 like a ,,ms4 scroll2 the eyelids are almost closed1 which denotes the wise man's wink1 or that he can see the world with half an eye4 ,the muscles of the countenance are curled up into disdain1 and he seems to say1 ',i despise ye1 ye illiterati6' ,the immense quantity of grizzle which is wove into the wigs carries a twofold design--for reverence and for warmth4 ,the make of these canonicals evinces the care this order take of themselves1 for the sake of those committed to their trust2 and the profusion of curls or friz in each denotes the wearer must be most learned1 because1 as the country folk say1 ,why should they put a double coat of thatch upon a barn1 without there was a greater proportion than ordinary of grain housed therein8 ,the next row is inscribed ,aldermanic4 ,the first wig has two ends1 exactly like the dropsical legs of some over-gorged glutton2 and the three-quartered face indicates ,plenty1 ,porter1 and ,politics4 ,on the brow1 domestical significancy is seated2 a look necessary to each master who dozes in his arm-chair on the ,sunday evening1 while his lady reads prayers to the rest of the family4 ,it is a countenance which carries dignity with it even at the upper end of a table at a turtle-eating4 ,the second has one lock dependent like a sheep's bushy tail4 ,this man could make speeches1 knew the nature of debentures1 and was much harassed by cent4 per cent4 commerce4 ,many are the sleepless nights he has passed in scheming how to fix1 if for only half a day1 the fluctuating chances of ',change ,alley4 ,the third wig is1 as the sailors say1 'all aback4' ,by the swelling of the full bottom1 we have an idea of ,magna ,charta consequence1 and guess that the wearer would say something--if he could but see it4 ,the next is parted triangular-wise1 to fall each side the shoulders4 ,this design was originally taken from a nutting-stick4 ,thus one of our finest capitals was delineated from a square tile1 a weed1 and a basket4 ,with all modest conjecture we presume1 from our intense application to mathematics1 that the semicircular sweep at the end of the last full bottom signifies a gold chain4 ,but as we are ,englishmen1 and will have nothing to do with chains1 we shall hasten to the wigs and chins in the third1 entitled ',lexonical4' ,great men are always celebrated for great things3 ,cicero for his wart2 ,ovid for a nose almost equal to ,slawkenbergius'2 and this portrait seems to be ushered into notice by the curvature of the chin4 ,how venerably elegant do these ,lexonicals appear6 ,here is indeed law at full length4 ,special pleadings in the fore-top2 declarations1 replications1 rejoinders1 issues1 and demurrers in every buckle4 ,the knotty points of practice in the intricacies of the twisted tail1 and the depth of the whole wig1 emblematically express the length of a ,chancery suit1 while the black coif behind looks like a blister4 #bad ,a term peculiarly appropriated to the ,court of ,common ,pleas4 #bae ,to the honour of ,sir ,john ,fielding1 he once attempted to prevent its being performed1 but the attempt failed4 ,since that time it has been so completely disfigured by ,mr4 ,charles ,bannister being disguised in the character of ,polly1 and ,macheath personated by ,mrs4 ,cargill1 etc4 etc4 etc41 that no person who had the least pretensions to taste would be seen at such a drama in masquerade4 #baf ,johnson4 ,i am of opinion that more influence has been ascribed to the ,beggars' ,opera than it in reality ever had2 for ,i do not believe that any man was ever made a rogue by being present at its representation4 ,at the same time1 ,i do not deny that it may have some influence1 by making the character of a rogue familiar1 and in some degree pleasing4 ,then collecting himself1 as it were to give a heavy stroke2 ,there is in it such a labefaction of all principles1 as may be injurious to morality4--,boswell's ,johnson4 #bag ,a very eminent physician1 whose discernment is as acute and penetrating in judging of the human character as it is in his own profession1 remarked once at a club where ,i was1 that a lively young man would hardly resist a solicitation from his mistress to go upon the highway1 immediately after being present at the ,beggars' ,opera4 ,i have been told of an ingenious observation by ,mr4 ,gibbon1 that the ,beggars' ,opera may perhaps have sometimes increased the number of highwaymen1 but that it has had a beneficial effect in refining that class of men1 making them less ferocious1 more polite1 in short1 more like gentlemen4 ,upon this ,mr4 ,courtenay said1 that ,gay was the ,orpheus of highwaymen4--,note upon ,boswell's ,johnson1 vol4 i4 p4 #dhh4 #bah ,glory be to great ,apollo6 ,at that auspicious period his lyre should have been new strung1 and exalted in ,britain2 for her nobles were as much interested in the disputes between a trio of ,italian singers1 as they now are in those on which depends the salvation of the empire4 #bai ,the ,ridiculous ,travellers returned to ,italy4 ,an ,italian ,i was once talking with upon this crotchet contest1 concluded an harangue1 calculated to throw ,gay's talents and taste into ridicule1 with ,saire1 this simple signor did tri to pelt mine countrymen out of ,england with ,lumps of ,pudding1 another of the ,beggars' ,opera tunes4 #bbj ,doctor ,arbuthnot1 describing the declining state of operas 7in a letter printed in the ,daily ,journal71 says1 ,i take the ,beggars' ,opera to be the touchstone to try ,british taste on1 and it has accordingly proved effectual in discovering our true inclinations1 which1 how artfully soever they may be disguised by a childish fondness for ,italian poetry and music1 in preference to our own1 will1 in one way or other1 start up and disclose themselves4 #bba ,in the ,london ,chronicle for ,april #f1 #agfb1 is the following paragraph3 ,on ,friday last1 at the sale of the late ,mr4 ,rich's pictures1 jewels1 etc41 a clock by ,graham was bought by the ,right ,honourable the ,earl of ,chesterfield for #db2 and a scene in the ,beggars' ,opera1 where ,lucy and ,polly are pleading for ,macheath1 painted by ,hogarth1 was sold for #cb1 #ads4 to his ,grace the ,duke of ,leeds4 ,the money arising from the whole sale amounted to #fhc1 #ads4 #bbb ,the name of that right cunning workman1 ,filch1 is not introduced in the description of the outline2 by an edition of the opera1 published in #agbi1 ,i find he was personated by a ,mr4 ,clark4 #bbc ,the part of this hero of the highway being originally cast for ,quin1 intimates the style in which it was thought characteristic to play it4 ,walker was praised for performing it with dignity6 #bbd ,in this are several portraits2 one of ,sir ,francis ,page of severe memory1 with a halter round his neck-- ,hard words or hanging1 if your judge be ,page4 #bbe ,in this1 as in almost all his dedications1 the poet is very lavish of his panegyric4 ,thus does it begin3-- ,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,grace1--,the favour which heroic plays have lately found upon our theatres1 has been wholly derived to them from the countenance and approbation they have received at ,court4 ,the most eminent persons for wit and honour in the royal circle having so far owned them1 that they have judged no way so fit as verse to entertain a noble audience or to express a noble passion4 ,and among the rest which have been written in this kind1 they have been so indulgent to this poem1 as to allow it no inconsiderable place4 ,since1 therefore1 to the ,court ,i owe its fortune on the stage2 so1 being now more publicly exposed in print1 ,i humbly recommend it to your ,grace's protection1 who by all knowing persons is esteemed a principal ornament of the ,court4 ,but though the rank which you hold in the royal family might direct the eyes of a poet to you1 yet your beauty and goodness detain and fix them1 etc4 etc4 etc4 ,in the fourth act is the line about which ,dryden has been so unmercifully laughed at1 and which ,i have invariably seen quoted3 ,i follow fate1 which does too fast pursue4 ,this might be1 and has been defended1 by supposing that the race was run in a circle2 but the line in a song1 warbled by an ,indian woman at the side of a fountain1 is as follows3-- ,ah1 fading joy1 how quickly art thou past6 ,yet we thy ruin haste3 ,as if the cares of human life were few1 ,we seek out new1 ,and follow fate1 which would too fast pursue1 etc4 #bbf ,the following was given to me by a collector of dramatic curiosities1 who in the course of a long life has raked together as many quires of ancient and modern play-bills as would cover every dead wall in the metropolis1 and ,i am assured that of the above-mentioned handbill it is ,a ,,true ,,copy4 ,connection of the ,indian ,emperor to the ,indian ,queen4 ,the conclusion of the ,indian ,emperor 7part of which poem was written by me7 left little matter for another story to be built on1 there remaining but two of the considerable characters alive1 viz4 ,montezuma and ,orazia3 thereupon the author of this thought it necessary to produce new persons from the old ones2 and considering the late ,indian ,queen1 before she loved ,montezuma1 lived in clandestine marriage with her great general ,traxalla1 from those two he has raised a son and two daughters1 supposed to be grown up to man and woman's estate1 and their mother ,orazia 7for whom there was no further use in the story7 lately dead4 ,so that you are to imagine about twenty years elapsed since the coronation of ,montezuma1 who in the truth of the history was a great and glorious prince1 and in whose time happened the discovery and invasion of ,mexico by the ,spaniards 7under the command of ,cortez71 who joined with the ,traxallan ,indians1 the inveterate enemies of ,montezuma1 wholly subverted that flourishing empire1 the conquest of which is the subject of this dramatic poem4 ,i have neither wholly followed the story1 nor varied from it1 and1 as near as ,i could1 have traced the native simplicity and ignorance of the ,indians in relation to ,european customs3 the shipping1 armour1 horses1 swords1 and guns of the ,spaniards1 being as new to them as their habits and manners were to the ,christians4 ,the difference of their religion from ours1 ,i have taken from the story itself2 and that which you find of it in the first and fifth acts1 touching the sufferings and constancy of ,montezuma in his opinions1 ,i have only illustrated1 not altered from those who have written of it4 ,,john ,,dryden4 #bbg ,some eighteen or twenty years ago1 a person of quality in the neighbourhood of ,lichfield1 dragged together a shoal of little holiday fry1 to give an infantine exhibition of a new sentimental comedy4 ,a spacious ,gothic gallery made an admirable theatre1 and for scenery--there was an excellent substitute1 in many a mouldering breadth of ancient tapestry1 which represented in horrid guise the direful tale of ,herod's ,cruelty4 ,by the hour announced for the theatrical dbut of these unfledged actors1 the house overflowed4 ,though the circumstance is not recorded by either ,boswell or ,sir ,john ,hawkins1 a late celebrated moralist was one of the audience4 ,to the beginning of the fifth act he stayed with more patience than could have been expected2 at this time he exhibited evident marks of ennui and lassitude--yawned three times1 and attempted to make his exit4 ,the lady of the mansion cut off his retreat with1 ',pon honour1 ,doctor ,johnson1 you must not go6 ,how can you think of leaving the theatre when my ,dicky is in so interesting a situation8 ,madam1 replied the sage1 with the plot of your play ,i was unacquainted1 and have waited thus long in the hope that it would turn out a tragedy2 ,i might then have seen how naturally little ,dicky and his dramatic associates would have died6 ,i now perceive that the author will neither introduce aconite nor a bare bodkin1 and have no prospect of a pathetic termination but in ,herod or some of his tapestry hang-dogs starting into life4 ,should these murderous ruffians once step upon the stage1 all your pretty innocents will most assuredly be put to the sword6 #bbh ,in the third volume of this work1 which was compiled from ,hogarth's manuscripts1 and published some time after the two which precede it1 there is a catalogue of all his prints1 and the editor has endeavoured to add a more perfect list of the numerous variations than has been hitherto given to the public4 #bbi ,in a marginal leaf of the late ,doctor ,lort's ,trusler1 ,i found a piece of a newspaper with the following remarks 7neither the date nor title of the paper were inserted73 ,whether the late extraordinary sums paid for the works of ,hogarth at ,mr4 ,gulston's sale are to be regarded on the whole as proofs of our artist's merit1 or of extravagance in our modern collectors1 ,i shall not venture to determine2 and yet the following statement of the rapid advance in the value of prints from this celebrated master may furnish notices to assist the judgment of your readers3-- ,in #aghj1 ,mr4 ,walpole obliged the world with a fourth volume of his ,anecdotes of ,painting in ,england4 ,in this entertaining performance was comprised the first catalogue of ,hogarth's pieces4 ,i say the first1 for every preceding enumeration of them was defective in the extreme4 ,this was succeeded in #agha by a publication from the ingenious and accurate ,mr4 ,nichols1 who considerably enlarged and amended the list made by his predecessor4 ,in the same year1 ,mr4 ,bailley's collection1 which would now be deemed an imperfect one1 was sold at ,christie's for #fa1 #ajs4 ,in #aghb it was resold1 with some additions1 at ,barford's for #aje4 ,in #aghe1 the late ,mr4 ,henderson of ,covent ,garden ,theatre disposed of his collection1 by far less complete than either of the foregoing1 for #abf4 ,in #aghf1 ,mr4 ,gulston's was sold piecemeal by ,mr4 ,greenwood2 and though the condition of all such articles in it1 as real taste and common sense would style the most valuable1 were very indifferent1 the whole series is reported to have brought in upwards of #fjj4bcj ,at this auction1 the plates now to be particularized were knocked down at the following rates1 though taken altogether they were scarce worth the money paid for the cheapest of them3-- ,two engravings on plate #d #ad #f ,three ditto #c #aj #j ,small arms of the ,duchess of ,kendal #d #j #j ,large ditto #f #j #j ,arms of ,lord ,aylmer #g #aj #j ,arms unknown1 with women as terms #f #aj #j ,two ditto #a #aa #f ,impression from a tankard #aj #j #j ,hogarth's shop-bill and another #aa #ae #j ,rape of the ,lock2 impression from a gold snuff-box presented to ,mr4 ,pope #cc #j #j ,scene of ,evening1 without the girl #dj #h #f ,should the celebrity of the delightful mock heroic poem1 or the rareness of an imperfect play tending to show that a complete design is not always to be hit at once even by a ,hogarth1 furnish some apology for the purchase of the two last articles1 what excuse can be invented for the collectors who bought the preceding trash on terms so ridiculously high8 ,of all the trifling works of art1 coats of arms must be reckoned the most contemptible4 ,these early productions of our author on silver tea-tables1 mugs1 and waiters1 have no sort of merit to recommend them1 nor were ever meant to be impressed on paper 7except as in momentary satisfaction to the engraver72 for being there reversed1 like the prayers of witches1 they must be read backwards4 ,besides1 what taste or genius can be manifested in the disposition of a cat's whiskers or a fox's tail2 in the emblazonry of a black swan with two necks1 or a blue boar with gilded tail8 ,what abilities are requisite for the expansion of an old woman's furred cloak 7very pompously denominated a mantle7 at the back of a shield1 or for inscribing some bright sentence or wretched pun 7yclep'd a motto7 in ,gothic ,latin on a ribbon fantastically waved8 ,for the design in which nature and manners are displayed1 no praise can be too exalted2 but as for his heraldry1--his representation of birds and beasts that never had existence1-- ,a dragon1 and a finless fish1 ,a clip-wing'd griffin1 and a molten raven1 ,and such a deal of skimble-skamble stuff1-- these can never be allowed to contribute a single leaf to the chaplet he has so long and so deservedly worn4 ,i have dwelt the more on these things1 because ,i am assured there are print-dealers now rummaging the books of our oldest engravers1 in the hope that a still greater number of useless and insignificant particulars consisting of arms1 etc41 imputable to ,hogarth1 will be found2 nor are their hopes less sanguine that the madness of collectors will be confirmed instead of cured by the examples hung out at the late auction in ,leicester ,fields4 ,let me hope1 however1 that for the future every sensible collector will think his assemblage of ,hogarth's prints sufficiently complete1 without the foolish adjuncts already described and reprobated4 ,for the authenticity of these trifles being obvious to no kind of proof1 they principally tend to expose their purchasers to the frauds of designing people1 who will laugh at their credulity while they pocket their cash4 #bcj ,a short time before this1 the writer of these volumes had the honour of furnishing his ,royal ,highness the ,prince of ,wales with a set of ,hogarth's works4 ,they consisted of remarkably fine impressions from his most valuable plates1 many of the variations1 and some which were deemed scarce 7though not one of either the large or small coat of arms74 ,for the two volumes he charged and received #hd4 #bca ,see the manner of disgracing the most serious subjects in many celebrated old pictures1 by introducing low1 absurd1 and obscure1 and often profane1 circumstances into them4 #bcb ,what shall withstand old ,time's devouring hand8 ,where's ,troy8 and where's the ,maypole in the ,strand8 #bcc ,i may be told that this is a mistake1 and that it was either to ,pope or ,swift4 ,it was the fate of ,arbuthnot to twine laurel for the brows of his friends4 ,i know it was a partnership account1 but surely the ,doctor was first in the firm4 #bcd ,see the introduction to the ,memoirs of ,scriblerus4 #bce ,should any ,lord1 ,knight1 ,esquire1 or spirited ,bookseller1 choose to purchase the whole copy1 ,i am ready to treat with him upon proper terms4 #bcf ,the writer of a modern book of travels1 relating the particulars of his being cast away1 thus concludeth3 ,after having walked eleven hours without tracing the print of a human foot1 to my great comfort and delight ,i saw a man hanging upon a gibbet3 my pleasure at this cheering prospect was inexpressible1 for it convinced me that ,i was in a civilised country6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,season #ahgd4 ,illustration ,a ,,list ,,of ,,books ,,published ,,by ,,chatto ,,windus 7,successors to ,john ,camden ,hotten71 #gd #ge1 ,,piccadilly1 ,,london1 ,w4 ,,the ,,famous ,,fraser ,,portraits4 ,,maclise',s ,,gallery ,,of ,,illustrious ,,literary ,,characters4 ,with ,notes by the late ,,william ,,maginn1 ,,ll4,d4 ,edited1 with copious ,notes1 by ,,william ,,bates1 ,b4,a41 ,professor of ,classics in ,queen's ,college1 ,birmingham4 ,the volume contains the whole #hc ,,splendid ,,and ,,most ,,characteristic ,,portraits1 now first issued in a complete form4 ,in demy #dto1 over #djj pages1 cloth gilt and gilt edges1 #cas4 #f;d42 or1 in morocco elegant1 #gjs4 ,what a truly charming book of pictures and prose1 the quintessence1 as it were1 of ,maclise and ,maginn1 giving the very form and pressure of their literary time1 would this century of illustrious characters make4--,notes and ,queries4 ,illustration ,,the ,,prince ,,of ,,caricaturists4 ,,the ,,works ,,of ,,james ,,gillray1 ,the ,caricaturist1 ,with the ,story of his ,life and ,times1 and full and ,anecdotal ,descriptions of his ,engravings4 ,edited by ,,thos4 ,,wright1 ,esq41 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,illustrated with #ij full-page ,plates1 and about #djj ,wood ,engravings4 ,demy #dto1 #fjj pages1 cloth extra1 #cas4 #f;d42 or1 in morocco elegant1 #gjs4 ,,beautiful ,,pictures ,,by ,,british ,,artists4 ,a ,gathering of ,favourites from our ,picture ,galleries1 #ahjj-ahgj4 ,by ,,wilkie1 ,,constable1 ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner1 ,,mulready1 ,sir ,,edwin ,,landseer1 ,,maclise1 ,,leslie1 ,e4 ,m4 ,,ward1 ,,frith1 ,sir ,,john ,,gilbert1 ,,ansdell1 ,,marcus ,,stone1 ,sir ,,noel ,,paton1 ,,eyre ,,crowe1 ,,faed1 ,,madox ,,brown4 ,all ,engraved in the highest style of ,art4 ,with ,notices of the ,artists by ,,sydney ,,armytage1 ,m4,a4 ,a ,new ,edition4 ,imperial #dto1 cloth gilt and gilt edges1 #bas42 or1 in morocco elegant1 #fes4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,beautiful ,,pictures4 ,,court ,,beauties ,,of ,,the ,,reign ,,of ,,charles ,,ii4 ,from the ,originals in the ,royal ,gallery at ,windsor1 by ,sir ,,peter ,,lely4 ,engraved in the highest style of ,art by ,,thomson1 ,,wright1 ,,scriven1 ,b4 ,,holl1 ,,wagstaff1 and ,t4 ,a4 ,,deane4 ,with ,memoirs by ,mrs4 ,,jameson1 ,author of ,legends of the ,madonna4 ,new and sumptuous ,presentation ,edition4 ,imp4 #dto1 cloth gilt and gilt edges1 #bas42 or1 in morocco elegant1 #fes4 ,this truly beautiful and splendid production is equally a gem among the ,fine ,arts and in ,literature4--,quarterly ,review4 ,,companion ,,to ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,signboards4 ,advertising3 its ,history1 in all ,ages and ,countries1 with many very ,amusing ,anecdotes and ,examples of ,successful ,advertisers4 ,crown #hvo1 with numerous ,illustrations1 coloured and plain1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,in preparation4 ,,are ,,you ,,engaged8 ,,if ,,so1 ,,get ,illustration ,advice to ,parties ,about to ,marry4 ,a ,series of ,instructions in ,jest and ,earnest4 ,by the ,hon4 ,,hugh ,,rowley4 ,with ,humorous ,illustrations4 ,price #cs4 #f;d41 elegantly bound1 and enclosed in tinted wrapper1 beautifully scented by ,,rimmel4 999999 ,before taking the awful plunge be sure to consult this little work4 ,if it is not a guarantee against life-long misery1 it will at least be found of great assistance in selecting a partner for life4 ,american ,happy ,thoughts4 ,the finest collection of ,american ,humour ever made4 ,foolscap #hvo1 illustrated covers1 #as4 ,preparing4 ,illustration ,anacreon4 ,illustrated by the ,exquisite ,designs of ,,girodet4 ,translated by ,,thomas ,,moore4 ,bound in vellum cloth and ,etruscan gold1 #abs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a beautiful and captivating volume4 ,the well-known ,paris house1 ,firmin ,didot1 a few years since produced a miniature edition of these exquisite designs by photography1 and sold a large number at #b per copy4 ,the ,designs have been universally admired by both artists and poets4 ,armorial ,register of the ,order of the ,garter1 from ,edward ,,iii4 to the ,present ,time4 ,the several ,shields beautifully emblazoned in ,gold and ,colours from the ,original ,stall ,plates in ,st4 ,george's ,chapel1 ,windsor4 ,all emblazoned by hand4 ,a sumptuous volume1 bound in crimson morocco1 gilt1 #bj4 ,,artemus ,,ward',s ,,works4 ,illustration ,artemus ,ward1 ,complete4 ,the ,works of ,,charles ,,farrer ,,browne1 better known as ,,artemus ,,ward1 now first collected4 ,crown #hvo1 with fine ,portrait1 facsimile of handwriting1 c41 #edj pages1 cloth neat1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,comprises all that the humourist has written in ,england or ,america4 ,admirers of ,artemus ,ward will be glad to possess his writings in a complete form4 ,artemus ,ward's ,lecture at the ,egyptian ,hall1 with the ,panorama4 ,edited by the late ,t4 ,w4 ,,robertson1 ,author of ,caste1 c41 and ,e4 ,p4 ,,hingston4 ,small #dto1 exquisitely printed1 bound in green and gold1 with ,,numerous ,,tinted ,,illustrations1 #fs4 ,artemus ,ward3 his ,book4 ,with ,notes and ,introduction by the ,editor of the ,biglow ,papers4 ,one of the wittiest books published for many years4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,the ,saturday ,review says3--,the author combines the powers of ,thackeray with those of ,albert ,smith4 ,the salt is rubbed in by a native hand--one which has the gift of tickling4 ,artemus ,ward3 his ,travels among the ,mormons and on the ,rampage4 ,edited by ,e4 ,p4 ,,hingston1 the ,agent and ,companion of ,a4 ,,ward whilst on the ,rampage4 ,new ,edition1 price #as4 999999 ,some of ,artemus's most mirth-provoking papers are to be found in this book4 ,the chapters on the ,mormons will unbend the sternest countenance4 ,as bits of fun they are ,,immense6 ,artemus ,ward's ,letters to ,punch1 ,among the ,witches1 and other ,sketches4 ,cheap ,popular ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 in illustrated cover1 #as42 or1 #afmo1 bound in cloth extra1 #bs4 999999 ,the volume contains1 in addition1 some quaint and humorous compositions which were found upon the author's table after his decease4 ,artemus ,ward among the ,fenians3 with the ,showman's ,experiences of ,life at ,washington1 and ,military ,ardour at ,baldinsville4 ,toned paper1 price #f;d4 ,army ,lists of the ,roundheads and ,cavaliers in the ,civil ,war1 #afdb4 ,second ,edition1 considerably ,enlarged and ,corrected4 ,edited1 with ,notes1 by ,,edward ,,peacock1 ,f4,s4,a4 #dto1 half-,roxburghe1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,very interesting to ,antiquaries and ,genealogists4 ,illustration ,the ,art of ,amusing4 ,a ,collection of ,graceful ,arts1 ,games1 ,tricks1 ,puzzles1 and ,charades1 intended to amuse everybody1 and enable all to amuse everybody else4 ,by ,,frank ,,bellew4 ,with nearly #cjj ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 #ds4 #f;d4 999999 ,one of the most entertaining handbooks of amusements ever published4 ,awful ,crammers4 ,a ,new ,american ,joke ,book4 ,edited by ,,titus ,a4 ,,brick1 ,author of ,shaving ,them4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 with numerous curious ,illustrations1 #as4 ,a ,,fine ,,edition is also published1 in crown #hvo1 printed on toned paper1 and bound in cloth gilt1 at #cs4 #f;d4 ,rarer than the phnix is the virtuous man who will consent to lose a good anecdote because it isn't true4--,,de ,,quincy4 ,illustration ,babies and ,ladders3 ,essays on ,things in ,general4 ,by ,,emmanuel ,,kink4 ,a ,new ,work of ,irresistible ,humour 7not ,american71 which has excited considerable attention4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 with numerous ,vignettes by ,w4 ,s4 ,,gilbert and others1 #as4 ,bayard ,taylor's ,diversions of the ,echo ,club4 ,a ,delightful ,volume of ,refined ,literary ,humour4 ,in #afmo1 paper cover1 with ,portrait of the ,author1 #as4 #f;d42 cloth extra1 #bs4 ,illustration ,,uniform ,,with ,,mr4 ,,ruskin',s ,,edition ,,of ,,grimm4 ,bechstein's ,as ,pretty as ,seven1 and other ,popular ,german ,stories4 ,collected by ,,ludwig ,,bechstein4 ,with ,additional ,tales by the ,brothers ,,grimm4 #ajj ,illustrations by ,,richter4 ,small #dto1 green and gold1 #fs4 #f;d42 gilt edges1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,one of the most delightful books for children ever published4 ,it is1 in every way1 a ,companion to the ,german ,stories of the ,brothers ,grimm1 and the tales are equally pure and healthful4 ,the quaint simplicity of ,richter's engravings will charm every lover of legendary lore4 ,the ,biglow ,papers4 ,by ,,james ,,russell ,,lowell4 ,the ,best ,edition1 with full ,glossary1 of these extraordinary ,verses4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,illustration ,,uniform ,,with ,,our ,,rabelais4 ,boccaccio's ,decameron4 ,now fully translated into ,english1 with ,introduction by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,crown #hvo1 with the ,,beautiful ,,engravings by ,,stothard which adorned ,pickering's fine ,edition1 published at #b #abs4 #f;d4 ,this ,new ,edition is only #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a faithful translation1 in which are restored many passages omitted in former ,editions4 ,book of ,hall-,marks2 or1 ,manual of ,reference for the ,goldsmith and ,silversmith4 ,by ,,alfred ,,lutschaunig1 ,manager of the ,liverpool ,assay ,office4 ,crown #hvo1 with #df ,plates of the ,hall-,marks of the different ,assay ,towns of the ,united ,kingdom1 as now stamped on ,plate and ,jewellery1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,this work gives practical methods for testing the quality of gold and silver4 ,it was compiled by the author for his own use1 and as a ,supplement to ,chaffers4 ,booksellers1 ,a ,history of4 ,a ,work giving full ,accounts of the ,great ,publishing ,houses and their ,founders1 both in ,london and the ,provinces1 the ,history of their ,rise and ,progress1 and descriptions of the special class of ,literature dealt in by each4 ,crown #hvo1 over #ejj pages1 with frontispiece and numerous ,portraits and ,illustrations1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,in these days1 ten ordinary ,histories of ,kings and ,courtiers were well exchanged against the tenth part of one good ,history of ,booksellers4--,,thomas ,,carlyle4 ,booth's ,epigrams3 ,ancient and ,modern1 ,humorous1 ,witty1 ,satirical1 ,moral1 and ,panegyrical4 ,edited by the ,rev4 ,,john ,,booth1 ,b4,a4 ,a ,new ,edition4 ,pott #hvo1 cloth gilt1 #fs4 ,illustration3 ,is our civilization a failure1 or is the ,caucasian played out8 ,,bret ,,harte',s ,,works4 ,widely known for their ,exquisite ,pathos and ,delightful ,humour4 ,bret ,harte's ,complete ,works1 in ,prose and ,poetry4 ,now ,first ,collected4 ,with ,introductory ,essay by ,j4 ,m4 ,,bellew1 ,portrait of the ,author1 and #ej ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 #fej pages1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,bret ,harte's ,luck of ,roaring ,camp1 and other ,stories4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,bret ,harte's ,that ,heathen ,chinee1 and other ,humorous ,poems4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 #f;d4 ,bret ,harte's ,sensation ,novels ,condensed4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 #f;d4 999999 ,a most enjoyable book1 only surpassed1 in its special class1 by ,thackeray's ,burlesque ,novels4 ,bret ,harte's ,lothaw2 or1 ,the ,adventures of a ,young ,gentleman in ,search of a ,religion4 ,by ,mr4 ,,benjamins 7,bret ,harte74 ,price #f;d4 ,curiously ,illustrated4 ,bret ,harte's ,east and ,west4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,bret ,harte's ,stories of the ,sierras1 and other ,sketches4 ,with a ,wild ,story of ,western ,life by ,,joaquin ,,miller1 ,author of ,songs of the ,sierras4 ,illustrated cover1 #as4 ,,new ,,editions ,,of ,,sir ,,david ,,brewster',s ,,works4 ,brewster's ,more ,worlds than ,one1 the ,creed of the ,philosopher and the ,hope of the ,christian4 ,eleventh ,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 very neat1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,brewster's ,martyrs of ,science3 ,galileo1 ,tycho ,brahe1 ,kepler4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 very neat1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,brewster's ,the ,kaleidoscope ,practically ,described4 ,crown #hvo1 with numerous ,illustrations1 cloth1 very neat1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,brewster's ,the ,stereoscope ,practically ,described4 ,crown #hvo1 numerous ,illustrations1 cloth neat1 #ds4 #f;d4 999999 ,this was the great philosopher's last contribution to practical science4 ,bright's 7,rt4 ,hon4 ,j41 ,m4,p47 ,speeches on ,public ,affairs of the last ,twenty ,years4 ,collated with the best ,public ,reports4 ,royal #afmo1 #cgj pages1 cloth extra1 #as4 999999 ,a book of special interest at the present time1 and wonderfully cheap4 ,,colman',s ,,humorous ,,works4 ,broad ,grins4 ,my ,nightgown and ,slippers1 and other ,humorous ,works1 ,prose and ,poetical1 of ,,george ,,colman the ,younger4 ,now first collected1 with ,life and ,anecdotes of the ,author1 by ,,george ,b4 ,,buckstone4 ,crown #hvo1 #ejj pp41 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,admirers of genuine ,english wit and humour will be delighted with this edition of ,george ,colman's humorous works4 ,as a wit1 he has had no equal in our time2 and a man with a tithe of his ability could1 at the present day1 make the fortune of any one of our so-called comic journals1 and bankrupt the rest4 ,,new ,,book ,,for ,,boys4 ,illustration ,the ,conquest of the ,sea3 ,a ,history of ,divers and ,diving1 from the ,earliest ,times to the ,present ,day4 ,by ,,henry ,,siebe4 ,profusely ,illustrated with fine ,wood ,engravings4 ,small crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,the #bs4 ,,edition ,,of ,,his ,,works4 ,carlyle 7,t47 on the ,choice of ,books4 ,with a ,new ,life and ,anecdotes of the ,author4 ,brown cloth1 #as4 #f;d42 paper cover1 #as4 ,chips from a ,rough ,log4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,christmas ,songs and ,ballads4 ,selected and ,edited by ,,joshua ,,sylvester4 ,a ,new ,edition1 beautifully printed and bound in cloth1 extra gilt1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,clerical ,anecdotes and ,pulpit ,eccentricities4 ,an entirely ,new ,gathering4 ,square #afmo1 in illustrated paper wrapper1 #as4 #d;d42 or cloth neat1 #as4 #aj;d4 ,the ,country of the ,dwarfs4 ,by ,,paul ,,du ,,chaillu4 ,a ,book of ,startling ,interest4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated with full-page ,engravings1 in fancy wrapper1 #as4 ,cruikshank's ,comic ,almanack4 ,,first ,,series1 #ahce-dc4 ,a ,gathering of the ,,best ,,humour1 the ,,wittiest ,,sayings1 the ,drollest ,quips1 and the ,best ,things of ,,thackeray1 ,,hood1 ,,mayhew1 ,,albert ,,smith1 ,a',,beckett1 ,,robert ,,brough1 c4 ,with about ,one ,thousand ,woodcuts and ,steel ,engravings by the inimitable ,,cruikshank1 ,,hine1 ,,landells1 c4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 a very thick volume1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,cruikshank's ,comic ,almanack4 ,,second ,,series1 #ahdd-ec1 ,completing the work4 ,uniform with the ,,first ,,series1 and written and illustrated by the same humorists4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 a very thick volume1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,the two volumes 7each sold separately7 form a most extraordinary gathering of the best wit and humour of the past half-century4 ,the work forms a ,comic ,history of ,england for twenty years4 ,,the ,,best ,,guide ,,to ,,heraldry4 ,illustration ,cussans' ,handbook of ,heraldry2 with ,instructions for ,tracing ,pedigrees and ,deciphering ,ancient ,,mss42 also1 ,rules for the ,appointment of ,liveries1 c41 c4 ,by ,,john ,e4 ,,cussans4 ,illustrated with #cfj ,plates and ,woodcuts4 ,cr4 #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt and emblazoned1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,this volume1 beautifully printed on toned paper1 contains not only the ordinary matter to be found in the best books on the science of ,armory1 but several other subjects hitherto unnoticed4 ,amongst these may be mentioned3--#a4 ,,directions ,,for ,,tracing ,,pedigrees4 #b4 ,,deciphering ,,ancient ,,mss41 ,,illustrated ,,by ,,alphabets ,,and ,,facsimiles4 #c4 ,,the ,,appointment ,,of ,,liveries4 #d4 ,,continental ,,and ,,american ,,heraldry1 c4 ,,very ,,important ,,county ,,history4 ,illustration ,cussans' ,history of ,hertfordshire4 ,a ,county ,history1 got up in a very superior manner1 and ranging with the finest works of its class4 ,illustrated with full-page ,plates on ,copper and ,stone1 and a profusion of small ,woodcuts4 ,parts ,i4 to ,,vi4 are now ready1 price #bas4 each4 999999 ,an entirely new ,history of this important ,county1 great attention being given to all matters pertaining to the ,family ,history of the locality4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,the ,,charles ,,dickens ,,edition4 ,illustration ,dickens3 ,the ,story of his ,life4 ,by ,,theodore ,,taylor1 ,author of the ,life of ,thackeray4 ,uniform with the ,charles ,dickens ,edition of his ,works1 and forming a ,supplementary ,volume to that ,issue4 ,cr4 #hvo1 crimson cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,anecdotes seem to have poured in upon the author from all quarters4444 ,turn where we will through these #cgj pleasant pages1 something worth reading is sure to meet the eye4--,the ,standard4 ,also ,published3 ,,the ,,best ,,edition of the above ,work1 illustrated by ,photographic ,frontispiece of ,dickens as ,captain ,bobadil1 ,portraits1 ,facsimiles1 c4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,cheap ,,edition1 in #afmo1 paper wrapper1 with ,frontispiece and ,vignette1 #bs4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,the ,,charles ,,dickens ,,edition4 ,dickens' ,speeches1 ,social and ,literary1 now first collected4 ,uniform with1 and forming a ,supplementary ,volume to1 the ,,charles ,,dickens ,,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 crimson cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,his speeches are as good as any of his printed writings4--,the ,times4 ,also ,published3 ,,the ,,best ,,edition1 in crown #hvo1 with fine ,portrait by ,count ,d',,orsay1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,cheap ,,edition1 without ,portrait1 in #afmo1 paper wrapper1 #bs4 ,dickens' ,life and ,speeches1 in ,one ,volume1 #afmo1 cloth extra1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,balzac',s ,,contes ,,drolatiques4 ,droll ,stories1 collected from the ,abbeys of ,touraine4 ,,now ,,first ,,translated ,,into ,,english1 ,,complete ,,and ,,unabridged1 with the whole #dbe ,marvellous1 ,extravagant1 and ,fantastic ,illustrations 7the finest he has ever done7 by ,,gustave ,,dor4 ,beautifully printed1 in #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt1 gilt top1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,the most singular designs ever attempted by any artist4 ,so crammed is the book with pictures1 that even the contents are adorned with thirty-three ,illustrations4 ,a few copies of the ,,french ,,original are still on sale1 bound half-,roxburghe1 gilt top--a very handsome book--price #abs4 #f;d4 ,the ,danbury ,newsman4 ,a ,brief but ,comprehensive ,record of the ,doings of a ,remarkable ,people1 under more ,remarkable ,circumstances1 and ,chronicled in a most ,remarkable ,manner4 ,by ,,james ,m4 ,,bailey4 ,uniform with ,twain's ,screamers4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,a real ,american humorist4--,figaro4 ,the ,derby ,day4 ,a ,sporting ,novel of intense interest1 by a well-known writer4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,disraeli's 7,rt4 ,hon4 ,b47 ,speeches on the ,conservative ,policy of the last ,thirty ,years1 including the ,speech at the ,literary ,fund ,dinner1 specially revised by the ,author4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 with ,portrait1 #as4 #d;d42 in cloth1 #as4 #aj;d4 ,d',urfey's 7,tom7 ,wit and ,mirth2 or1 ,,pills ,,to ,,purge ,,melancholy3 ,being a ,collection of the best ,merry ,ballads and ,songs1 ,old and ,new4 ,fitted to all ,humours1 having each their proper ,tune for either ,voice or ,instrument3 most of the ,songs being new set4 ,london3 ,printed by ,w4 ,pearson1 for ,j4 ,tonson1 at ,shakespeare's ,head1 over-against ,catherine ,street in the ,strand1 #agai4 ,an exact and beautiful reprint of this much-prized work1 with the ,music to the ,songs1 just as in the rare original4 ,in #f vols41 large fcap4 #hvo1 antique boards1 edges uncut1 beautifully printed on laid paper1 made expressly for the work1 price #c #cs42 or ,,large ,,paper ,,copies 7a limited number only printed71 price #e #es4 999999 ,the ,,pills ,,to ,,purge ,,melancholy have now retained their celebrity for a century and a half4 ,the difficulty of obtaining a copy has of late years raised sets to a fabulous price1 and has made even odd volumes costly4 ,considering the classical reputation which the book has thus obtained1 and its very high interest as illustrative of the manners1 customs1 and amusements of ,english life during the half century following the ,restoration1 no apology is needed for placing such a work more within the reach of general readers and students by re-issuing it for the first time since its original appearance1 and at about a tithe of the price for which the old edition could now be obtained4 ,for drinking-songs and love-songs1 sprightly ballads1 merry stories1 and political squibs1 there are none to surpass these in the language4 ,in improvising such pieces1 and in singing them1 ,d',,urfey was perhaps never equalled1 except in our own century by ,,theodore ,,hook4 ,the sallies of his wit amused and delighted three successive ,english sovereigns2 and while his plays are forgotten1 his songs and ballads still retain the light abandon and joyous freshness that recommended them to the wits and beaux of ,queen ,anne's days4 ,nor can the warm and affectionate eulogy of ,steele and ,addison be forgotten1 and ,d',,urfey may now take his place on the bookshelves of the curious1 side by side with the other worthies of his age4 ,the ,earthward ,pilgrimage1 from the ,next ,world to that which now is4 ,by ,,moncure ,d4 ,,conway4 ,crown #hvo1 beautifully printed and bound1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,edgar ,allan ,poe's ,prose and ,poetical ,works2 including ,additional ,tales and the fine ,essays by this great ,genius1 now ,,first ,,published ,,in ,,this ,,country4 ,with a ,translation of ,,charles ,,baudelaire',s ,essay on ,poe4 #gej pages1 crown #hvo1 with fine ,portrait and ,illustrations1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration3 ,,poe',s ,,cottage ,,at ,,fordham4 ,mrs4 ,ellis's ,mothers of ,great ,men4 ,a ,new ,edition of this well-known ,work1 with numerous very beautiful ,portraits4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 over #ejj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,in preparation4 ,,the ,,standard ,,work ,,on ,,the ,,subject4 ,emanuel on ,diamonds and ,precious ,stones2 ,their ,history1 ,value1 and ,properties2 with ,simple ,tests for ascertaining their ,reality4 ,by ,,harry ,,emanuel1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,with numerous ,illustrations1 ,tinted and ,plain4 ,a ,new ,edition1 with the ,prices brought down to the ,present ,time4 ,crown #hvo1 full gilt1 #fs4 ,will be acceptable to many readers4--,times4 ,an invaluable work for buyers and sellers4--,spectator4 999999 ,the present1 which is greatly superior to the first edition1 gives the latest market value for ,diamonds and ,precious ,stones of every size4 ,the ,englishman's ,house1 from a ,cottage to a ,mansion4 ,a ,practical ,guide to ,members of ,building ,societies1 and all interested in ,selecting or ,building a ,house4 ,by ,c4 ,j4 ,,richardson1 ,architect1 ,author of ,old ,english ,mansions1 c4 ,second ,edition1 ,corrected and ,enlarged1 with nearly #fjj ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 #eej pages1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,this ,work might not inappropriately be termed ,a ,book of ,houses4 ,it gives every variety of house1 from a workman's cottage to a nobleman's palace4 ,the book is intended to supply a want long felt1 viz41 a plain1 non-technical account of every style of house1 with the cost and manner of building4 ,our ,english ,surnames3 ,their ,sources and ,significations4 ,by ,,charles ,,wareing ,,bardsley1 ,m4,a4 ,crown #hvo1 about #fjj pages1 cloth extra1 #is4 ,,indispensable ,,to ,,every ,,household4 ,everybody ,answered4 ,a ,handy ,book for ,all2 and a ,guide to the ,housewife1 the ,servant1 the ,cook1 the ,tradesman1 the ,workman1 the ,professional ,man1 the ,clerk1 c41 c41 in the ,duties belonging to their respective ,callings4 ,one thick volume1 crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,in preparation4 ,family ,fairy ,tales2 or1 ,glimpses of ,elfland at ,heatherstone ,hall4 ,edited by ,,cholmondeley ,,pennell1 ,author of ,puck on ,pegasus1 c4 ,adorned with beautiful ,pictures of ,my ,lord ,lion1 ,king ,uggermugger1 and other ,great ,folks1 by ,m4 ,,ellen ,,edwards1 and other artists4 ,handsomely printed on toned paper1 in cloth1 green and gold1 price #ds4 #f;d4 plain1 #es4 #f;d4 coloured4 ,faraday's ,chemical ,history of a ,candle4 ,lectures delivered to a ,juvenile ,audience4 ,a ,new ,edition of this well-known volume1 which has been so long out of print1 ,edited by ,w4 ,,crookes1 ,esq41 ,f4,c4,s41 c4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 with all the ,original ,illustrations1 price #ds4 #f;d4 ,faraday's ,various ,forces of ,nature4 ,a ,new ,edition1 with all the ,original ,illustrations1 ,edited by ,w4 ,,crookes1 ,esq41 ,f4,c4,s41 c4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,flagellation ,,and ,,the ,,flagellants4 ,illustration ,a ,history of the ,rod in all ,countries1 from the ,earliest ,period to the ,present ,time4 ,the use of the ,rod in the ,church1 ,convent1 ,monastery1 ,prison1 ,army1 ,navy1 in public and private2 the use of the ,birch in the ,family1 ,ladies' ,seminaries1 ,boys' ,schools1 ,colleges1 the ,boudoir1 ,ancient and ,modern4 ,by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,,cooper1 ,b4,a4 ,second ,edition1 revised and corrected1 with numerous ,illustrations4 ,thick crown #hvo1 cloth extra gilt1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,a remarkable1 and certainly a very readable volume4--,daily ,telegraph4 ,the ,fiend's ,delight3 ,a ,cold ,collation of ,atrocities4 ,by ,,dod ,,grile4 ,new ,edition1 in illustrated wrapper1 fcap4 #hvo1 #as42 or crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a specimen of ',american ,humour' as unlike that of all other ,american humourists1 as the play of young human ,merry-,andrews is unlike that of a young and energetic demon whose horns are well budded4--,new ,york ,nation4 ,the ,finish to ,life in and out of ,london2 or1 ,the ,final ,adventures of ,tom1 ,jerry1 and ,logic4 ,by ,,pierce ,,egan4 ,royal #hvo1 cloth extra1 with ,spirited ,coloured ,illustrations by ,,cruikshank1 #bas4 999999 ,an extraordinary picture of ,,london ,,by ,,night in the ,days of ,george the ,fourth4 ,all the strange places of amusement in the neighbourhood of ,covent ,garden and ,st4 ,james's are fully described1 and very queer places they were too6 ,,walk ,,up6 ,,walk ,,up6 ,,and ,,see ,,the ,fools' ,paradise2 with the ,many ,wonderful ,adventures there1 as seen in the strange1 surprising ,,peep-,,show ,,of ,,professor ,,wolley ,,cobble1 ,raree ,showman these ,five-and-,twenty ,years4 ,crown #dto1 with nearly #bjj immensely funny ,pictures1 all beautifully coloured1 bound in extra cloth gilt1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,professor',s ,,leetle ,,music ,,lesson4 ,a ,,second ,,series ,,is ,,now ,,ready1 ,,called ,further ,adventures in ,fools' ,paradise1 with the ,many ,wonderful ,doings1 as seen in the ,,peep-,,show ,,of ,,professor ,,wolley ,,cobble4 ,crown #dto1 with the ,pictures beautifully ,coloured1 uniform with the ,,first ,,series1 in extra cloth gilt1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,companion ,,to ,,all ,,french ,,dictionaries4 ,french ,slang2 or ,eccentricities of the ,french ,language4 ,a ,,dictionary ,,of ,,parisian ,,argot1 including all recent expressions1 whether of the ,street1 the ,theatre1 or the ,prison4 ,handsomely bound in half-,roxburghe1 illustrated with #cj large ,wood ,engravings4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,this book is indispensable to all readers of modern ,french literature4 ,it is1 besides1 amusing in itself1 and may be taken up to while away an idle half-hour4 ,it does for ,french what our ,slang ,dictionary does for ,english4 ,fun for the ,million3 ,a ,gathering of ,choice ,wit and ,humour1 ,good ,things1 and ,sublime ,nonsense1 by ,,dickens1 ,,jerrold1 ,,sam ,,slick1 ,,chas4 ,h4 ,,ross1 ,,hood1 ,,theodore ,,hook1 ,,mark ,,twain1 ,,brough1 ,,colman1 ,,titus ,a4 ,,brick1 and a ,host of other ,humourists4 ,with ,pictures by ,,matt ,,morgan1 ,,gilbert1 ,,nast1 ,,thompson1 ,,cruikshank1 ,jun41 ,,brunton1 c4 ,in fcap4 #dto1 profusely illustrated1 with picture wrapper1 #as4 ,illustration ,the ,genial ,showman2 or1 ,show ,life in the ,new ,world4 ,adventures with ,artemus ,ward1 and the ,story of his ,life4 ,by ,e4 ,p4 ,,hingston4 ,third ,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 ,illustrated by ,,brunton1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,this is a most interesting work4 ,it gives ,sketches of ,show-,life in the ,far ,west1 on the ,pacific ,coast1 among the ,mines of ,california1 in ,salt ,lake ,city1 and across the ,rocky ,mountains2 with chapters descriptive of ,artemus ,ward's visit to ,england4 ,,ruskin ,,and ,,cruikshank4 ,german ,popular ,stories4 ,collected by the ,brothers ,,grimm1 and ,translated by ,,edgar ,,taylor4 ,edited by ,,john ,,ruskin4 ,with #bb ,illustrations after the inimitable designs of ,,george ,,cruikshank4 ,both ,series complete4 ,square crown #hvo1 #fs4 #f;d42 gilt leaves1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,these are the designs which ,mr4 ,ruskin has praised so highly1 placing them far above all ,cruikshank's other works of a similar character4 ,so rare had the original book 7published in #ahbc-ahbf7 become1 that #e to #f per copy was an ordinary price4 ,by the consent of ,mr4 ,taylor's family a ,new ,edition is now issued1 under the care and superintendence of the printers who issued the originals forty years ago4 ,a few copies for sale on ,large ,paper1 price #bas4 ,gesta ,romanorum2 or1 ,entertaining ,stories1 invented by the ,monks as a ,fireside ,recreation1 and commonly applied in their ,discourses from the ,pulpit4 ,a ,new ,edition1 with ,introduction by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,esq41 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,two vols4 large fcap4 #hvo1 only #bej copies printed1 on fine ribbed paper1 #ahs42 or1 ,,large ,,paper ,,edition 7only a few copies printed71 #cjs4 ,gladstone's 7,rt4 ,hon4 ,w4 ,e47 ,speeches on ,great ,questions of the ,day during the last ,thirty ,years4 ,collated with the best public reports4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as4 #d;d42 cloth extra1 #as4 #aj;d4 ,golden ,treasury of ,thought4 ,the ,best ,encyclopdia of ,quotations and ,elegant ,extracts1 from ,writers of all ,times and all ,countries1 ever formed4 ,selected and ,edited by ,,theodore ,,taylor1 ,author of ,thackeray1 the ,humourist and ,man of ,letters1 ,story of ,charles ,dickens' ,life4 ,crown #hvo1 very handsomely bound1 cloth gilt1 and gilt edges1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,an attempt to put into the hands of the reader and student a more varied and complete collection of the best thoughts of the best authors than had before been made4 ,it is not everybody who can get the original works from which the extracts are taken1 while a book1 such as this is within the reach of all1 and cannot be opened without finding something worth reading1 and in most cases worth remembering4 ,grose's ,dictionary of the ,vulgar ,tongue4 #aghe4 ,a genuine unmutilated ,reprint of the ,first ,edition4 ,quarto1 bound in half-,roxburghe1 gilt top1 price #hs4 999999 ,only a small number of copies of this very vulgar1 but very curious1 book have been printed1 for the ,collectors of ,street ,words and ,colloquialisms4 ,hall's 7,mrs4 ,s4 ,c47 ,sketches of ,irish ,character4 ,with numerous ,illustrations on ,steel and ,wood1 by ,,daniel ,,maclise1 ,r4,a41 ,sir ,,john ,,gilbert1 ,w4 ,,harvey1 and ,g4 ,,cruikshank4 #hvo1 pp4 #dej1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,the ,irish sketches of this lady resemble ,miss ,mitford's beautiful ,english ,sketches in ',our ,village1' but they are far more vigorous and picturesque and bright4--,blackwood's ,magazine4 ,,companion ,,to ,,the ,,secret ,,out4 ,hanky-,panky4 ,a ,new and ,wonderful ,book of ,very ,easy ,tricks1 ,very ,difficult ,tricks1 ,white ,magic1 ,sleight of ,hand2 in fact1 all those startling ,deceptions which the ,great ,wizards call ,hanky-,panky4 ,edited by ,w4 ,h4 ,,cremer1 of ,regent ,street4 ,with nearly #bjj ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 price #ds4 #f;d4 ,hans ,breitmann's ,ballads4 ,by ,j4 ,g4 ,,leland4 ,the ,complete ,work1 from the ,author's revised ,edition4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 in cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,hatton's 7,jos47 ,kites and ,pigeons4 ,a most amusing ,novelette4 ,with ,illustrations by ,,linley ,,sambourne1 of ,punch4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated wrapper1 #as4 ,illustration ,hawthorne's ,english and ,american ,note ,books4 ,edited1 with an ,introduction1 by ,,moncure ,d4 ,,conway4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 in cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,holidays with ,hobgoblins1 and ,talk of ,strange ,things4 ,by ,,dudley ,,costello4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated boards1 with ,picture by ,,george ,,cruikshank4 #bs4 ,,oliver ,,wendell ,,holmes' ,,works4 ,holmes' ,autocrat of the ,breakfast ,table4 ,an entirely ,new ,edition of this ,favourite ,work4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 in cloth1 neat1 #as4 #f;d4 ,holmes' ,poet at the ,breakfast ,table4 ,from ,january to ,june4 ,paper cover1 #as4 ,holmes' ,professor at the ,breakfast ,table4 ,a ,companion ,volume to the ,autocrat of the ,breakfast ,table4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 cloth neat1 #as4 #f;d4 ,holmes' ,wit and ,humour4 ,delightful ,verses1 in the style of the elder ,hood4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated wrapper1 #as4 ,,the ,,most ,,complete ,,hogarth ,,ever ,,published ,illustration ,hogarth's ,works2 with ,life and ,anecdotal ,descriptions of the ,pictures1 by ,,john ,,ireland and ,,john ,,nichols4 ,the ,work includes #aej ,engravings1 reduced in exact facsimile of the ,original ,plates1 specimens of which have now become very scarce4 ,the whole in ,three ,series1 #hvo1 cloth1 gilt1 #bbs4 #f;d4 ,each series is1 however1 ,complete in itself1 and is sold separately at #gs4 #f;d4 ,hogarth's ,five ,days' ,frolic2 or1 ,peregrinations by ,land and ,water4 ,illustrated with ,tinted ,drawings1 made by ,,hogarth and ,,scott during the ,journey4 #dto1 beautifully printed1 cloth1 extra gilt1 #ajs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a graphic and most extraordinary picture of the hearty ,english times in which these merry artists lived4 ,hood's ,whims and ,oddities4 ,the ,entire ,work4 ,now issued ,complete1 the ,two ,parts in ,one ,volume1 with all the ,humorous ,designs4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 cloth neat1 #as4 #f;d4 ,hunt's 7,leigh7 ,tale for a ,chimney ,corner1 and other charming ,essays4 ,with ,introduction by ,,edmund ,,ollier1 and ,portrait supplied by the late ,,thornton ,,hunt4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as4 #d;d42 cloth neat1 #as4 #aj;d4 ,hunt's 7,robert1 ,f4,r4,s47 ,drolls of ,old ,cornwall2 or1 ,,popular ,,romances ,,of ,,the ,,west ,,of ,,england4 ,new ,edition1 ,complete in ,one ,volume1 with ,illustrations by ,,george ,,cruikshank4 ,crown #hvo1 extra cloth gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,mr4 ,hunt's charming book on the ,drolls and ,stories of the ,west of ,england4--,saturday ,review4 ,illustration ,jennings' 7,hargrave7 ,one of the ,thirty4 ,with curious ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #ajs4 #f;d4 999999 ,an extraordinary narrative1 tracing down one of the accursed pieces of silver for which ,jesus of ,nazareth was sold4 ,through eighteen centuries is this fated coin tracked1 now in the possession of the innocent1 now in the grasp of the guilty1 but everywhere carrying with it the evil that fell upon ,judas4 ,jennings' 7,hargrave7 ,the ,rosicrucians3 ,their ,rites and ,mysteries4 ,with chapters on the ,ancient ,fire and ,serpent ,worshippers1 and ,explanations of the ,mystic ,symbols represented in the ,monuments and ,talismans of the ,primeval ,philosophers4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 with about #cjj ,illustrations1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,joe ,miller's ,jests2 or1 ,the ,wit's ,vade ,mecum4 ,being a collection of the most brilliant ,jests1 the politest ,repartees1 the most elegant ,bon-,mots1 and most pleasant short ,stories in the ,english ,language4 ,london3 ,printed by ,t4 ,read1 #agci4 ,a remarkable facsimile of the very rare ,,original ,,edition4 #hvo1 half-,roxburghe1 #is4 #f;d4 999999 ,only a very few copies of this humorous and racy old book have been reproduced4 ,josh ,billings3 ,his ,book of ,sayings4 ,with ,introduction by ,e4 ,p4 ,,hingston1 ,companion of ,artemus ,ward when on his ,travels4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,kalendars of ,gwynedd2 or1 ,chronological ,lists of ,lords-,lieutenant1 ,sheriffs and ,knights for ,anglesey1 ,caernarvon1 and ,merioneth4 ,with ,lists of the ,lords-,presidents of ,wales1 and the ,constables of the ,castles of ,beaumaris1 ,caernarvon1 ,conway1 and ,harlech4 ,compiled by ,,edward ,,breese1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,with ,notes by ,,william ,,watkin ,,edward ,,wynne1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 of ,penairth4 ,only a limited number printed4 ,one volume1 demy #dto1 cloth extra1 #bhs4 ,lamb's 7,charles7 ,essays of ,elia4 ,the ,complete ,work4 ,beautifully printed1 and uniform with the ,essays of ,leigh ,hunt4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 cloth neat1 #as4 #f;d4 ,leigh's ,carols of ,cockayne4 ,vers de ,socit1 mostly descriptive of ,london ,life4 ,by ,,henry ,s4 ,,leigh4 ,with numerous exquisite ,designs by ,,alfred ,,concanen and the late ,,john ,,leech4 ,small #dto1 elegant1 uniform with ,puniana1 #fs4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,dr4 ,,syntax4 ,illustration ,life in ,london2 or1 ,the ,day and ,night ,scenes of ,jerry ,hawthorn and ,corinthian ,tom4 ,,with ,,the ,,whole ,,of ,,cruikshank',s ,,very ,,droll ,,illustrations1 in ,colours1 after the ,originals4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,one of the most popular books ever issued4 ,it was an immense favourite with ,george ,,iv41 and as a picture of ,london life fifty years ago was often quoted by ,thackeray1 who devotes one of his ,roundabout ,papers to a description of it4 ,literary ,scraps4 ,a ,folio ,scrap-,book of #cdj columns1 with guards1 for the reception of ,cuttings from ,newspapers1 ,extracts1 ,miscellanea1 c4 ,a very useful book4 ,in folio1 half-roan1 cloth sides1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,little ,breeches1 and other ,pieces 7,,pike ,,county ,,ballads74 ,by ,colonel ,,john ,,hay4 ,foolscap #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 #f;d4 ,the ,little ,london ,directory of #afgg4 ,the ,oldest ,printed ,list of the ,merchants and ,bankers of ,london4 ,reprinted from the ,exceedingly ,rare ,original1 with an ,introduction by ,,john ,,camden ,,hotten4 #afmo1 in a beautiful binding1 after the original1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,the ,log of the ,water ,lily1 during ,three ,cruises on the ,rhine1 ,neckar1 ,main1 ,moselle1 ,danube1 ,saone1 and ,rhone4 ,by ,r4 ,b4 ,,mansfield1 ,b4,a4 ,illustrated by ,,alfred ,,thompson1 ,b4,a4 ,fifth ,edition1 revised and considerably enlarged4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt1 #es4 ,illustration ,longfellow's ,prose ,works1 ,complete1 including his ,stories and ,essays1 now for the first time collected4 ,edited1 with an ,introduction1 by the ,author of ,tennysoniana4 ,with ,portrait and ,illustrations1 drawn by ,,valentine ,,bromley1 and beautifully engraved1 #fej pages1 crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,lost ,beauties of the ,english ,language4 ,an ,appeal to ,authors1 ,poets1 ,clergymen1 and ,public ,speakers2 with an ,introductory ,essay4 ,by ,,charles ,,mackay1 ,,ll4,d4 ,in crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 uniform with the ,slang ,dictionary1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,the ,,magician',s ,,own ,,book4 ,magic and ,mystery4 ,a ,splendid ,collection of ,tricks with ,cards1 ,dice1 ,balls1 c41 with fully descriptive working ,directions4 ,crown #hvo1 with numerous ,illustrations1 cloth extra1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,,companion ,,to ,,the ,,secret ,,out4 ,the ,magician's ,own ,book4 ,containing ample ,instructions for ,performances in ,legerdemain with ,cups and ,balls1 ,eggs1 ,hats1 ,handkerchiefs1 c4 ,all from ,actual ,experience4 ,edited by ,w4 ,h4 ,,cremer1 ,jun41 of ,regent ,street4 ,cloth extra1 with #bjj ,illustrations1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,mark ,,twain',s ,,works4 ,mark ,twain's ,choice ,works4 ,with extra passages to the ,innocents ,abroad1 now first reprinted1 and a ,life of the ,author4 #ej ,illustrations by ,,mark ,,twain and other ,artists1 and ,portrait of the ,author4 #gjj pages1 cloth gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,mark ,twain's ,innocents ,abroad3 ,the ,voyage ,out4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 fine toned paper1 #cs4 #f;d42 or fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated wrapper1 #as4 ,mark ,twain's ,new ,pilgrim's ,progress3 ,the ,voyage ,home4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 fine toned paper1 #cs4 #f;d42 or fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated wrapper1 #as4 ,mark ,twain's ,burlesque ,autobiography1 ,first ,medival ,romance1 and on ,children4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #f;d4 ,mark ,twain's ,eye-,openers4 ,a ,volume of immensely ,funny ,sayings1 and ,stories that will bring a smile upon the gruffest countenance4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated wrapper1 #as4 ,mark ,twain's ,jumping ,frog1 and other ,humorous ,sketches4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,an inimitably funny book4--,saturday ,review4 ,mark ,twain's ,pleasure ,trip on the ,continent of ,europe4 7,the ,innocents ,abroad and ,new ,pilgrim's ,progress in one volume47 #ejj pages1 paper boards1 #bs42 or in cloth1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,mark ,twain's ,practical ,jokes2 or1 ,mirth with ,artemus ,ward1 and other ,papers4 ,by ,,mark ,,twain1 and other ,humorists4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,mark ,twain's ,screamers4 ,a ,gathering of ,delicious ,bits and ,short ,stories4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,mayhew's ,london ,characters3 ,illustrations of the ,humour1 ,pathos1 and ,peculiarities of ,london ,life4 ,by ,,henry ,,mayhew1 ,author of ,london ,labour and the ,london ,poor1 and other ,writers4 ,with nearly #ajj graphic ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 about #ejj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,magna ,charta4 ,an exact ,facsimile of the ,original ,document1 preserved in the ,british ,museum1 very carefully drawn1 and printed on fine plate paper1 nearly #c feet long by #b feet wide1 with the ,arms and ,seals of the ,barons elaborately emblazoned in ,gold and ,colours4 ,a4,d4 #abae4 ,price #es42 or1 handsomely framed and glazed1 in carved oak1 of an antique pattern1 #bbs4 #f;d4 ,a full ,translation1 with ,notes1 has been prepared1 price #f;d4 ,,entirely ,,new ,,games4 ,illustration ,the ,merry ,circle1 and ,how the ,visitors were entertained during ,twelve ,pleasant ,evenings4 ,a ,book of ,new ,intellectual ,games and ,amusements4 ,edited by ,mrs4 ,,clara ,,bellew4 ,crown #hvo1 numerous ,illustrations1 cloth extra1 #ds4 #f;d4 999999 ,a capital ,book of ,household ,amusements1 which will please both old and young4 ,it is an excellent book to consult before going to an evening party4 ,monumental ,inscriptions of the ,west ,indies1 from the ,earliest ,date1 with ,genealogical and ,historical ,annotations1 c41 from ,original1 ,local1 and other ,sources4 ,illustrative of the ,histories and ,genealogies of the ,seventeenth ,century1 the ,calendars of ,state ,papers1 ,peerages1 and ,baronetages4 ,with ,engravings of the ,arms of the principal ,families4 ,chiefly collected on the spot by the ,author1 ,capt4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,lawrence-,,archer4 ,one volume1 demy #dto1 about #cjj pages1 cloth extra1 #bas4 ,mr4 ,brown on the ,goings-on of ,mrs4 ,brown at the ,tichborne ,trial1 c4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,mr4 ,sprouts3 ,his ,opinions4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,tom ,d',,urfey',s ,,pills4 ,musarum ,delici2 or1 ,the ,muses' ,recreation1 #afef2 ,wit ,restor'd1 #afeh2 and ,wit's ,recreations1 #afdj4 ,the whole compared with the originals2 with all the ,wood ,engravings1 ,plates1 ,memoirs1 and ,notes4 ,a ,new ,edition1 in #b volumes1 post #hvo1 beautifully printed on antique laid paper1 and bound in antique boards1 #bas4 ,a few ,large ,paper copies have been prepared1 price #ces4 999999 ,of the ,poets of the ,restoration1 there are none whose works are more rare than those of ,sir ,john ,mennis and ,dr4 ,james ,smith4 ,the small volume entitled ,musarum ,delici2 or1 ,the ,muses' ,recreation1 which contains the productions of these two friends1 was not accessible to ,mr4 ,freeman when he compiled his ,kentish ,poets1 and has since become so rare that it is only found in the cabinets of the curious4 ,a reprint of the ,musarum ,delici1 together with several other kindred pieces of the period1 appeared in #ahag1 forming two volumes of ,faceti1 edited by ,mr4 ,e4 ,dubois1 author of ,the ,wreath1 c4 ,these volumes having in turn become exceedingly scarce1 the ,publishers venture to put forth the present new edition1 in which1 while nothing has been omitted1 no pains have been spared to render it more complete and elegant than any that has yet appeared4 ,the type1 plates1 and woodcuts of the originals have been accurately followed2 the notes of the ,editor of #ahag are considerably augmented1 and indexes have been added1 together with a portrait of ,sir ,john ,mennis1 from a painting by ,vandyke in ,lord ,clarendon's ,collection4 ,the ,mystery of ,mr4 ,e4 ,drood4 ,an ,adaptation4 ,by ,,orpheus ,c4 ,,kerr4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,the ,mystery of the ,good ,old ,cause3 ,sarcastic ,notices of those ,members of the ,long ,parliament that held ,places1 both ,civil and ,military1 contrary to the ,self-denying ,ordinance of ,april #c1 #afde2 with the ,sums of ,money and ,lands they divided among themselves4 ,small #dto1 half-morocco1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,never ,caught in ,blockade-,running4 ,an exciting book of ,adventures during the ,american ,civil ,war4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,illustration ,napoleon ,,iii41 the ,man of ,his ,time2 from ,caricatures4 ,,part ,i4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,napoleon ,,iii41 as told by ,j4 ,m4 ,,haswell4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,the ,,same ,,story1 as told by the ,,popular ,,caricatures of the past ,thirty-five ,years4 ,crown #hvo1 with ,coloured ,frontispiece and over #ajj ,caricatures1 #djj pp41 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,the object of this ,work is to give ,both ,sides of the ,story4 ,the ,artist has gone over the entire ground of ,continental and ,english ,caricatures for the last third of a century1 and a very interesting book is the result4 ,nuggets and ,dust1 panned out in ,california by ,,dod ,,grile4 ,selected and edited by ,j4 ,,milton ,,sloluck4 ,a new style of ,humour and ,satire4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 999999 ,if ,artemus ,ward may be considered the ,douglas ,jerrold1 and ,mark ,twain the ,sydney ,smith of ,america1 ,dod ,grile will rank as their ,dean ,swift4 ,the ,old ,prose ,stories whence ,,tennyson',s ,idylls of the ,king were taken4 ,by ,b4 ,m4 ,,ranking4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 cloth extra1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,old ,,dramatists4 ,ben ,jonson's ,works4 ,with ,notes1 ,critical and ,explanatory1 and a ,biographical ,memoir by ,,william ,,gifford4 ,edited by ,lieut4-,col4 ,,francis ,,cunningham4 ,complete in #c vols41 crown #hvo1 ,portrait4 ,cloth1 #fs4 each2 cloth gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 each4 ,george ,chapman's ,plays1 ,complete1 from the ,original ,quartos4 ,with an ,introduction by ,,algernon ,,charles ,,swinburne4 ,crown #hvo1 ,portrait4 ,cloth1 #fs42 cloth gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,in preparation4 ,christopher ,marlowe's ,works3 ,including his ,translations4 ,edited1 with ,notes and ,introduction1 by ,lieut4-,col4 ,f4 ,,cunningham4 ,crown #hvo1 ,portrait4 ,cloth1 #fs42 cloth gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,philip ,massinger's ,plays4 ,from the ,text of ,,wm4 ,,gifford4 ,with the addition of the ,tragedy of ,believe as ,you ,list4 ,edited by ,lieut4-,col4 ,,francis ,,cunningham4 ,crown #hvo1 ,portrait4 ,cloth1 #fs42 cloth gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,original ,lists of ,persons of ,quality2 ,emigrants2 ,religious ,exiles2 ,political ,rebels2 ,serving ,men ,sold for a ,term of ,years2 ,apprentices2 ,children ,stolen2 ,maidens ,pressed2 and others who went from ,great ,britain to the ,american ,plantations1 #afjj-agjj4 ,with their ,ages1 the ,localities where they formerly ,lived in the ,mother ,country1 ,names of the ,ships in which they embarked1 and other interesting particulars4 ,from ,,mss4 preserved in the ,state ,paper ,department of ,her ,majesty's ,public ,record ,office1 ,england4 ,edited by ,,john ,,camden ,,hotten4 ,a very handsome volume1 crown #dto1 cloth gilt1 #gjj pages1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,a few ,large ,paper copies have been printed1 price #ejs4 ,parochial ,history of the ,county of ,cornwall4 ,compiled from the best authorities1 and corrected and improved from actual survey4 #d vols4 #dto1 cloth extra1 #c #cs4 the set2 or1 separately1 the first three volumes1 #afs4 each2 the fourth volume1 #ahs4 ,,companion ,,to ,,the ,,bon ,,gaultier ,,ballads4 ,puck on ,pegasus4 ,by ,h4 ,,cholmondeley ,,pennell4 ,in #dto1 printed within an ,india-paper tone1 and elegantly bound1 gilt1 gilt edges1 price #ajs4 #f;d4 999999 ,this most amusing work has passed through ,five ,editions1 receiving everywhere the highest praise as a clever and brilliant book4 ,in addition to the designs of ,,george ,,cruikshank1 ,,john ,,leech1 ,,julian ,,portch1 ,,phiz1 and other artists1 ,sir ,,noel ,,paton1 ,,millais1 ,,john ,,tenniel1 ,,richard ,,doyle1 and ,m4 ,,ellen ,,edwards have now contributed several exquisite pictures1 thus making the ,new ,edition--which is ,twice the ,size of the old one--the best book for the ,drawing-room table published4 ,by the same ,author4 ,modern ,babylon1 and other ,poems4 ,small crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,companion ,,to ,,cussans' ,,heraldry4 ,illustration ,the ,pursuivant of ,arms2 or1 ,heraldry founded upon ,facts4 ,a ,popular ,guide to the ,science of ,heraldry4 ,by ,j4 ,r4 ,,planch1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,somerset ,herald4 ,to which are added1 ,essays on the ,,badges ,,of ,,the ,,houses ,,of ,,lancaster ,,and ,,york4 ,a ,new ,edition1 enlarged and revised by the ,author1 illustrated with ,coloured ,frontispiece1 five full-page ,plates1 and about #bjj ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4 beautifully bound in cloth1 with ,emblematic ,design1 extra gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,piccadilly ,,annual ,,for #ahgd4 ,illustration ,the ,knowing ,ones at ,home4 ,stories of their ,doings at a ,local ,science ,meeting1 at the ,crystal ,palace1 at ,st4 ,paul's1 at a ,foresters' ,fte1 c41 c4 ,a ,new and entirely ,original ,humorous ,story1 crammed with ,fun from the first page to the last4 ,profusely ,illustrated by ,,brunton1 ,,matt ,,morgan1 and other ,artists4 #dto1 handsome wrapper1 #as4 ,policeman ,y3 ,his ,opinions on ,war and the ,millingtary4 ,with ,illustrations by the ,author1 ,,john ,,edward ,,soden4 ,cloth1 very neat1 #bs4 #f;d42 in paper1 #as4 ,,for ,,gold ,,and ,,silversmiths4 ,private ,book of ,useful ,alloys and ,memoranda for ,goldsmiths and ,jewellers4 ,by ,,james ,e4 ,,collins1 ,c4,e41 of ,birmingham4 ,royal #afmo1 #cs4 #f;d4 999999 ,the secrets of the ,gold and ,silversmiths' ,art are here given1 for the benefit of young ,apprentices and ,practitioners4 ,it is an invaluable book to the ,trade4 ,,an ,,awfully ,,jolly ,,book ,,for ,,parties4 ,illustration ,puniana3 ,thoughts ,wise and ,otherwise4 ,by the ,hon4 ,,hugh ,,rowley4 ,best ,book of ,riddles and ,puns ever formed4 ,with nearly #ajj exquisitely ,fanciful ,drawings4 ,contains nearly #cjjj of the best ,riddles1 and #aj1jjj most outrageous ,puns1 and is one of the most ,popular ,books ever issued4 ,new ,edition1 small quarto1 uniform with the ,bab ,ballads4 ,price #fs4 ,enormous burlesque--unapproachable and pre-eminent4 ,we venture to think that this very queer volume will be a favourite4 ,it deserves to be so2 and we should suggest that1 to a dull person desirous to get credit with the young holiday people1 it would be good policy to invest in the book1 and dole it out by instalments4--,saturday ,review4 ,by the same ,author4 ,a ,second ,series of ,puniana3 ,containing nearly #ajj beautifully executed ,drawings1 and a splendid ,collection of ,riddles and ,puns1 fully equal to those in the ,first ,volume4 ,small quarto1 uniform with the ,first ,series1 cloth gilt1 gilt edges1 #fs4 ,nearly ready4 ,remarkable ,claimants1 ,ancient and ,modern4 ,being the ,histories of all the most celebrated ,pretenders and ,claimants during the last #fjj years4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 #cjj pages1 illustrated boards1 #bs4 ,,gustave ,,dor',s ,,designs4 ,illustration ,the ,works of ,rabelais4 ,faithfully translated from the ,french1 with variorum ,notes1 and numerous characteristic ,illustrations by ,,gustave ,,dor4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #gjj pages4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,wonderful ,,characters4 ,remarkable ,trials and ,notorious ,characters4 ,from ,half-,hanged ,smith1 #agjj1 to ,oxford1 who shot at the ,queen1 #ahdj4 ,by ,captain ,l4 ,,benson4 ,with spirited full-page ,engravings by ,,phiz4 #hvo1 #eej pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a ,complete ,library of ,sensation ,literature6 ,there are plots enough here to produce a hundred exciting ,novels1 and at least five hundred powerful ,magazine ,stories4 ,the book will be appreciated by all readers whose taste lies in this direction4 ,rochefoucauld's ,reflections and ,moral ,maxims4 ,with ,introductory ,essay by ,,sainte-,,beuve1 and ,explanatory ,notes4 ,royal #afmo1 elegantly printed1 #as42 cloth neat1 #as4 #f;d4 ,rogues and ,vagabonds of the ,race-,course4 ,full ,explanations how they ,cheat at ,roulette1 ,three ,cards1 ,thimble-rig2 with some ,account of the ,welsher and ,money-,lender4 ,by ,,alfred ,,toulmin1 late #feth ,regt4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,roll of ,battle ,abbey2 or1 ,a ,list of the ,principal ,warriors who came over from ,normandy with ,william the ,conqueror1 and ,settled in this ,country1 ,a4,d4 #ajff-g4 ,carefully drawn1 and printed on fine plate paper1 nearly three feet by two feet1 with the ,arms of the principal ,barons elaborately emblazoned in ,gold and ,colours4 ,price #es42 or1 handsomely framed in carved oak of an antique pattern1 #bbs4 #f;d4 ,roll of ,caerlaverock3 the ,oldest ,heraldic ,roll2 including the ,original ,anglo-,norman ,poem1 and an ,english ,translation of the ,,ms4 in the ,british ,museum4 ,by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 ,the ,arms emblazoned in gold and colours4 ,in #dto1 very handsomely printed1 extra gold cloth1 #abs4 ,roman ,catholics in the ,county of ,york in #afjd4 ,transcribed from the ,original ,,ms4 in the ,bodleian ,library1 and ,edited1 with ,genealogical ,notes1 by ,,edward ,,peacock1 ,f4,s4,a41 ,editor of ,army ,lists of the ,roundheads and ,cavaliers1 #afdb4 ,small #dto1 handsomely printed and bound1 #aes4 999999 ,genealogists and ,antiquaries will find much new and curious matter in this work4 ,an elaborate ,index refers to every name in the volume1 among which will be found many of the highest local interest4 ,illustration ,ross's 7,chas4 ,h47 ,unlikely ,tales and ,wrong-,headed ,essays4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 with numerous quaint and amusing ,illustrations1 #as4 ,ross's 7,chas4 ,h47 ,story of a ,honeymoon4 ,a ,new ,edition of this charmingly humorous book4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated boards1 #bs4 ,nearly ready4 ,school ,life at ,winchester ,college2 or1 ,the ,reminiscences of a ,winchester ,junior4 ,by the ,author of ,the ,log of the ,water ,lily2 and ,the ,water ,lily on the ,danube4 ,second ,edition1 ,revised4 ,,coloured ,,plates4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,the ,secret ,out2 or1 ,one ,thousand ,tricks with ,cards1 and other ,recreations2 with ,entertaining ,experiments in ,drawing ,room or ,white ,magic4 ,by the ,author of the ,magician's ,own ,book4 ,edited by ,w4 ,h4 ,,cremer1 ,jun41 of ,regent ,street4 ,with #cjj ,engravings4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #ds4 #f;d4 999999 ,under the title of ,le ,magicien des ,salons1 this book has long been a ,standard ,magic ,book with all ,french and ,german ,professors of the ,art4 ,the tricks are described so carefully1 with engravings to illustrate them1 that not the slightest difficulty can be experienced in performing them4 ,shaving ,them2 or1 ,the ,adventures of ,three ,yankees4 ,by ,,titus ,a4 ,,brick4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,shelley's ,early ,life4 ,from ,original ,sources4 ,with ,curious ,incidents1 ,letters1 and ,writings1 now ,first ,published or ,collected4 ,by ,,denis ,,florence ,,mac-,,carthy4 ,cheaper ,edition1 crown #hvo1 with ,illustrations1 #ddj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a most interesting volume of new biographical facts4 ,the work possesses special interest to ,irish readers1 as the poet's political pamphlets1 advocating ,home ,rule and other rights1 are here for the first time given in a collected form4 ,these pamphlets ,shelley and his wife threw from the balcony of a window in ,sackville ,street1 as the best means of publishing the poet's political principles4 ,,the ,,pocket ,,shelley4 ,illustration3 ,,shelley1 ,,from ,,the ,,godwin ,,sketch4 ,shelley's ,poetical ,works4 ,now ,first ,reprinted from the ,author's ,original ,editions4 ,in ,two ,series1 the ,,first containing ,queen ,mab and the ,early ,poems2 the ,,second1 ,laon and ,cythna1 ,the ,cenci1 and ,later ,poems4 ,in royal #afmo1 over #djj pages in a volume1 price #as4 #h;d4 each1 in illustrated cover2 #bs4 #b;d4 each in cloth extra4 ,the ,third ,series1 completing the ,work1 will shortly be ready4 ,sheridan's 7,richard ,brinsley7 ,complete ,works1 with ,life and ,anecdotes4 ,including his ,dramatic ,writings1 printed from the ,original ,editions1 his works in ,prose and ,poetry1 ,translations1 ,speeches1 ,jokes1 ,puns1 c42 with a ,collection of ,sheridaniana4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 with ,portrait and ,illustrations1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,shirley ,brooks' ,amusing ,poetry4 ,a ,collection of ,humorous ,poems4 ,selected by ,,shirley ,,brooks1 ,editor of ,punch4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 paper boards1 #bs4 ,preparing4 999999 ,this work has for many years been out of print1 and very scarce4 ,signboards3 ,their ,history4 ,with ,anecdotes of ,famous ,taverns and ,remarkable ,characters4 ,by ,,jacob ,,larwood and ,,john ,,camden ,,hotten4 ,,seventh ,,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #ehj pp41 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration3 ,,bull ,,and ,,mouth4 ,it is not fair on the part of a reviewer to pick out the plums of an author's book1 thus filching away his cream1 and leaving little but skim-milk remaining2 but1 even if we were ever so maliciously inclined1 we could not in the present instance pick out all ,messrs4 ,larwood and ,hotten's plums1 because the good things are so numerous as to defy the most wholesale depredation4--,the ,times4 999999 ,nearly #ajj most curious illustrations on wood are given1 showing the various old signs which were formerly hung from taverns and other houses4 ,,charles ,,dickens' ,,early ,,sketches4 ,sketches of ,young ,couples1 ,young ,ladies and ,young ,gentlemen4 ,by ,,quiz 7,,charles ,,dickens74 ,with #ah ,steel-plate ,illustrations by ,,phiz 7,h4 ,k4 ,,browne74 ,a ,new ,edition1 crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,illustration ,the ,slang ,dictionary3 ,etymological1 ,historical1 and ,anecdotal4 ,an ,,entirely ,,new ,,edition1 revised throughout1 and considerably ,enlarged1 containing upwards of a thousand more words than the last edition4 ,crown #hvo1 with ,curious ,illustrations1 cloth extra1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,valuable as a work of reference4--,saturday ,review4 ,a ,,keepsake ,,for ,,smokers4 ,the ,smoker's ,text-,book4 ,by ,j4 ,,hamer1 ,f4,r4,s4,l4 ,exquisitely printed from silver-faced type1 cloth1 very neat1 gilt edges1 #bs4 #f;d41 post free4 ,a pipe is a great comforter1 a pleasant soother4 ,the man who smokes1 thinks like a sage1 and acts like a ,samaritan4--,bulwer4 ,a tiny volume1 dedicated to the votaries of the weed2 beautifully printed on toned paper1 in1 we believe1 the smallest type ever made 7cast especially for show at the ,great ,exhibition in ,hyde ,park71 but very clear1 notwithstanding its minuteness4444 ,the pages sing1 in various styles1 the praises of tobacco4 ,amongst the writers laid under contribution are ,bulwer1 ,kingsley1 ,charles ,lamb1 ,thackeray1 ,cowper1 and ,byron4--,the ,field4 ,,west-,,end ,,life ,,and ,,doings4 ,illustration ,the ,story of the ,london ,parks4 ,by ,,jacob ,,larwood4 ,with numerous ,illustrations1 ,coloured and ,plain4 ,in ,one thick ,volume1 crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a most interesting work1 giving a complete ,history of these favourite out-of-door resorts1 from the earliest period to the present time1 together with the fashions1 the promenades1 the rides1 the reviews1 and other displays4 ,summer ,cruising in the ,south ,seas4 ,by ,c4 ,w4 ,,stoddard4 ,with about ,thirty ,engravings on ,wood1 drawn by ,,wallis ,,mackay4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 extra gilt1 #es4 999999 ,chapters descriptive of life and adventure in the ,south ,sea ,islands1 in the style made so popular by ,the ,earl and the ,doctor4 ,,algernon ,,charles ,,swinburne',s ,,works4 ,illustration ,swinburne's ,william ,blake3 ,a ,critical ,essay4 ,with facsimile ,paintings1 ,coloured by ,hand1 after the ,drawings by ,blake and his ,wife4 ,thick #hvo1 cloth extra1 price #afs4 ,swinburne's ,atalanta in ,calydon4 ,new ,edition4 ,foolscap #hvo1 price #fs4 ,swinburne's ,bothwell4 ,a ,new ,poem4 ,in preparation4 ,swinburne's ,chastelard4 ,a ,tragedy4 ,new ,edition4 ,price #gs4 ,swinburne's ,poems and ,ballads4 ,new ,edition4 ,price #is4 ,swinburne's ,notes on his ,poems1 and on the ,reviews which have appeared upon them4 ,price #as4 ,swinburne's ,queen ,mother and ,rosamond4 ,new ,edition4 ,foolscap #hvo1 price #es4 ,swinburne's ,song of ,italy4 ,foolscap #hvo1 toned paper1 cloth1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,william ,,combe',s ,,best ,,work4 ,dr4 ,syntax's ,three ,tours4 ,,with ,,the ,,whole ,,of ,,rowlandson',s ,,very ,,droll ,,full-,,page ,,illustrations1 ,,in ,,colours1 ,,after ,,the ,,original ,,drawings4 ,comprising the well-known ,,tours-- #a4 ,,in ,,search ,,of ,,the ,,picturesque4 #b4 ,,in ,,search ,,of ,,consolation4 #c4 ,,in ,,search ,,of ,a ,,wife4 ,the ,three ,series ,complete and ,unabridged1 with a ,life of the ,author by ,,john ,,camden ,,hotten4 #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt1 in one handsome volume1 price #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,one of the most amusing and laughable books ever published4 ,a ,,smaller ,,edition1 with ,eight ,coloured ,plates1 the text complete1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ,illustration3 ,,theodore ,,hook',s ,,house1 ,,near ,,putney4 ,theodore ,hook's ,ramsbottom ,papers4 ,the whole #bi ,letters1 complete and unabridged1 precisely as they left the pen of their genial and witty ,author4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,taylor's ,history of ,playing ,cards4 ,with ,sixty curious ,illustrations1 #eej pp41 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,ancient and ,modern ,games1 ,conjuring1 ,fortune-,telling1 and ,card ,sharping1 ,gambling and ,calculation1 ,cartomancy1 ,old ,gaming-,houses1 ,card ,revels and ,blind ,hookey1 ,picquet and ,vingt-et-un1 ,whist and ,cribbage1 ,tricks1 c4 ,illustration ,thackerayana4 ,notes and ,anecdotes illustrative of ,scenes and ,characters in the ,works of ,,william ,,makepeace ,,thackeray4 ,with nearly ,four ,hundred ,illustrations1 coloured and plain4 ,in #hvo1 uniform with the ,library ,edition of his works1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,theodore ,hook's ,choice ,humorous ,works1 with his ,ludicrous ,adventures1 ,bons-mots1 ,puns1 and ,hoaxes4 ,with a new ,life of the ,author4 ,,portraits1 ,,facsimiles1 and ,,illustrations4 ,cr4 #hvo1 #fjj pages1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,as a wit and humorist of the highest order his name will be preserved4 ,his political songs and jeux d'esprit1 when the hour comes for collecting them1 will form a volume of sterling and lasting attraction6--,j4 ,g4 ,,lockhart4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,subscription ,,room ,,at ,,brookes',s4 ,timbs' ,clubs and ,club ,life in ,london4 ,with ,,anecdotes of its ,,famous ,,coffee ,,houses1 ,,hostelries1 and ,,taverns4 ,by ,,john ,,timbs1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,new ,edition1 with ,,numerous ,,illustrations1 drawn expressly4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #fjj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a ,companion to ,the ,history of ,sign-,boards4 ,it abounds in quaint stories of old ,london ,clubs--the ,blue ,stocking1 ,kit ,kat1 ,beef ,steak1 ,robin ,hood1 ,mohocks1 ,scriblerus1 ,one o',clock1 the ,civil1 and hundreds of others2 together with ,tom's1 ,dick's1 ,button's1 ,ned's1 ,will's1 and the famous ,coffee ,houses of the last century4 ,a full account of the great modern clubs of ,pall ,mall and ,st4 ,james's is also given4 ,the book is a mine of anecdote4 ,timbs' ,english ,eccentrics and ,eccentricities4 ,stories of ,wealth and ,fashion1 ,delusions1 ,impostures and ,fanatic ,missions1 ,strange ,sights and ,sporting ,scenes1 ,eccentric ,artists1 ,theatrical ,folks1 ,men of ,letters1 c4 ,by ,,john ,,timbs1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,an entirely ,new ,edition1 with numerous ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #fjj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,the ,,turf1 ,,chase1 ,,and ,,road4 ,tom ,smith4 ,reminiscences of the late ,,thomas ,,assheton ,,smith1 ,esq42 or1 ,the ,pursuits of an ,english ,country ,gentleman4 ,by ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,,eardley ,,wilmot1 ,bart4 ,a ,new and ,revised ,edition1 with steel-plate ,portrait1 and plain and coloured ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,vers de ,socit4 ,an entirely ,new ,selection1 fuller and better than any hitherto made2 introducing all the ,old ,favourites1 and many new ones4 ,edited by ,h4 ,,cholmondeley ,,pennell1 ,author of ,puck on ,pegasus4 ,beautifully printed1 and bound in cloth1 extra gilt1 #fs4 ,preparing4 ,victor ,hugo's ,les ,misrables3 ,fantine4 ,now first published in an ,english ,translation1 complete and unabridged4 ,post #hvo1 illustrated boards1 #bs4 ,nearly ready4 ,the other ,stories 7each complete in itself7 will follow4 ,vyner's ,notitia ,venatica3 ,a ,treatise on ,fox-,hunting1 the ,general ,management of ,hounds1 and the ,diseases of ,dogs2 ,distemper and ,rabies2 ,kennel ,lameness1 c4 ,sixth ,edition1 ,enlarged4 ,by ,,robert ,c4 ,,vyner1 ,esq41 of ,eathorpe ,hall1 ,warwickshire4 ,,with ,,spirited ,,illustrations ,,in ,,colours1 ,,by ,,alken1 ,,of ,,memorable ,,fox-,,hunting ,,scenes4 ,royal #hvo1 cloth extra1 #bas4 999999 ,an entirely new edition of the best work on ,fox-,hunting4 ,walt ,whitman's ,leaves of ,grass4 ,the ,complete ,work1 precisely as issued by the ,author in ,washington4 ,a thick volume1 #hvo1 green cloth1 price #is4 ,whitman is a poet who bears and needs to be read as a whole1 and then the volume and torrent of his power carry the disfigurements along with it and away4 ,he is really a fine fellow4--,chambers's ,journal4 ,warrant to ,execute ,charles ,i4 ,an exact ,facsimile of this important ,document1 with the ,fifty-nine ,signatures of the ,regicides1 and corresponding ,seals1 admirably executed on paper made to imitate the original document1 #bb in4 by #ad in4 ,price #bs42 or1 handsomely framed and glazed in carved oak of antique pattern1 #ads4 #f;d4 ,warrant to ,execute ,mary ,queen of ,scots4 ,the ,exact ,facsimile of this important ,document1 including the ,signature of ,queen ,elizabeth and ,facsimile of the ,great ,seal1 on tinted paper1 made to imitate the ,original ,,ms4 ,price #bs42 or1 handsomely framed and glazed in carved oak of antique pattern1 #ads4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,wonderful ,characters3 ,memoirs and ,anecdotes of ,remarkable and ,eccentric ,persons of ,every ,age and ,nation4 ,from the text of ,,henry ,,wilson and ,,james ,,caulfield4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 with ,sixty-one full-page ,engravings of ,extraordinary ,persons1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,there are so many curious matters discussed in this volume1 that any person who takes it up will not readily lay it down until he has read it through4 ,the ,introduction is almost entirely devoted to a consideration of ,pig-,faced ,ladies1 and the various stories concerning them4 ,wright's 7,andrew7 ,court-,hand ,restored2 or1 ,student's ,assistant in ,reading ,old ,deeds1 ,charters1 ,records1 c4 ,half ,morocco1 a ,new ,edition1 #ajs4 #f;d4 999999 ,the best guide to the reading of old ,records1 c4 ,wright's ,history of ,caricature and the ,grotesque in ,art1 in ,literature1 ,sculpture1 and ,painting1 from the ,earliest ,times to the ,present ,day4 ,by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,profusely illustrated by ,,fairholt4 ,small #dto1 cloth extra gilt1 red edges1 #bas4 ,illustration ,wright's ,caricature ,history of the ,georges 7,house of ,hanover74 ,a very ,entertaining ,book of #fdj pages1 with #djj ,pictures1 ,caricatures1 ,squibs1 ,broadsides1 ,window ,pictures1 c4 ,by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,a few copies of a ,large ,paper ,edition are still on sale1 with extra ,portraits1 bound in half-morocco1 #cjs4 ,a set of caricatures such as we have in ,mr4 ,wright's volume brings the surface of the age before us with a vividness that no prose writer1 even of the highest power1 could emulate4 ,macaulay's most brilliant sentence is weak by the side of the little woodcut from ,gillray1 which gives us ,burke and ,fox4--,saturday ,review4 ,,all ,,the ,,best ,,american ,,humour4 ,yankee ,drolleries4 ,edited by ,,george ,,augustus ,,sala4 ,containing ,,artemus ,,ward1 ,,his ,,book2 ,,biglow ,,papers2 ,,orpheus ,c4 ,,kerr2 ,,major ,,jack ,,downing2 and ,,nasby ,,papers4 #gjj pages1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,more ,yankee ,drolleries4 ,a ,second ,series of the best ,american ,humorists4 ,containing ,,artemus ,,ward',s ,,travels2 ,,hans ,,breitmann2 ,,the ,,professor ,,at ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table2 ,,biglow ,,papers1 ,part ,,ii42 and ,,josh ,,billings2 with an ,introduction by ,,george ,,augustus ,,sala4 #gjj pages1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,third ,supply of ,yankee ,drolleries4 ,containing ,,artemus ,,ward',s ,,fenians2 ,,the ,,autocrat ,,of ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table2 ,,bret ,,harte',s ,,stories2 ,,the ,,innocents ,,abroad2 and ,,new ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress2 with an ,introduction by ,,george ,,augustus ,,sala4 #gjj pages1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,popular ,shilling ,books1 mostly ,humorous1 ,in ,illustrated ,covers4 7,see also under alphabetical arrangement47 ,,american ,,happy ,,thoughts4 ,,artemus ,,ward3 ,,among ,,the ,,mormons4 ---- ---- ,,his ,,book4 ---- ---- ,,letters ,,to ,,punch4 ,,awful ,,crammers4 ,by ,titus ,a4 ,brick4 ,,babies ,,and ,,ladders4 ,by ,emmanuel ,kink4 ,,biglow ,,papers4 ,,bret ,,harte',s ,,east ,,and ,,west4 ---- ---- ,,luck ,,of ,,roaring ,,camp4 ---- ---- ,,stories ,,of ,,the ,,sierras4 ,,bright',s ,,speeches1 cloth4 ,,brown 7,mr47 ,,on ,,the ,,goings ,,on ,,of ,,mrs4 ,,brown4 ,,byron ,,in ,,love4 ,by ,howard ,paul4 ,,carlyle 7,,thomas7 ,,on ,,the ,,choice ,,of ,,books4 ,,chips ,,from ,a ,,rough ,,log4 ,,danbury ,,newsman4 ,by ,j4 ,m4 ,bailey4 ,,derby ,,day3 a ,sporting ,novel4 ,,dod ,,grile',s ,,fiend',s ,,delight4 ---- ---- ,,nuggets ,,and ,,dust4 ,,du ,,chaillu',s ,,country ,,of ,,the ,,dwarfs4 ,,fun ,,for ,,the ,,million4 ,by the best ,humorists of the ,day4 ,,hans ,,breitmann',s ,,ballads4 ,,hatton',s ,,kites ,,and ,,pigeons4 ,illustrated4 ,,holmes' ,,autocrat ,,of ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table4 ---- ,,poet ,,at ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table4 ---- ,,professor ,,at ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table4 ---- ,,wit ,,and ,,humour4 ,,hood',s ,,whims ,,and ,,oddities4 ,both ,series1 complete4 ,,josh ,,billings3 ,,his ,,book ,,of ,,sayings4 ,,lamb',s ,,essays ,,of ,,elia4 ,both ,series1 complete4 ,,mr4 ,,sprouts3 ,,his ,,opinions4 ,,mark ,,twain',s ,,innocents ,,abroad4 ---- ---- ,,jumping ,,frog4 ---- ---- ,,new ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress4 ---- ---- ,,practical ,,jokes4 ---- ---- ,,screamers4 ,,mystery ,,of ,,mr4 ,e4 ,,drood4 ,by ,o4 ,c4 ,kerr4 ,,never ,,caught4 ,the ,blockade-runner's ,story4 ,,orpheus ,c4 ,,kerr ,,papers4 ,,piccadilly ,,annual ,,for #ahgd3 ,,knowing ,,ones ,,at ,,home4 ,,policeman ,y3 ,,ballads4 ,illustrated4 ,,rochefoucauld',s ,,maxims1 with ,sainte-,beuve's ,essay4 ,,rogues ,,and ,,vagabonds ,,of ,,the ,,racecourse4 ,,ross',s ,,unlikely ,,tales ,,and ,,wrong-,,headed ,,essays4 ,,shaving ,,them4 ,by ,titus ,a4 ,brick4 ,,theodore ,,hook',s ,,ramsbottom ,,papers4 ,the ,golden ,library of the ,best ,authors4 999999 ,a charming collection of ,favourite ,works1 elegantly printed in ,handy ,volumes1 uniform with the ,tauchnitz ,series4 7,see also under alphabetical arrangement47 ,,bayard ,,taylor4--,,diversions ,,of ,,the ,,echo ,,club4 #as4 #f;d42 cloth1 #bs4 ,,carlyle4--,,on ,,the ,,choice ,,of ,,books4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,charles ,,lamb4--,,the ,,essays ,,of ,,elia4 ,complete4 ,both ,series4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,holmes4--,,autocrat ,,of ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ------ ,,professor ,,at ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,hood4--,,whims ,,and ,,oddities4 #hj ,illustrations4 ,two ,series1 complete4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,leigh ,,hunt4--,a ,,tale ,,for ,a ,,chimney ,,corner1 and other ,essays4 #as4 #d;d42 cloth1 #as4 #aj;d4 ,,leland4--,,hans ,,breitmann',s ,,ballads1 ,complete4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,rochefoucauld4--,,reflections ,,and ,,moral ,,maxims4 ,with ,essay by ,,sainte-,,beuve4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,shelley4--,,poetical ,,works4 ,from the ,author's ,original ,editions4 ,first ,series1 ,,queen ,,mab and ,,early ,,poems4 ,second ,series1 ,,laon ,,and ,,cythna1 the ,,cenci1 and ,,later ,,poems4 ,each ,series #as4 #h;d42 in cloth1 #bs4 #b;d4 ,,sir ,t4 ,,mallory4--,,the ,,old ,,prose ,,stories from which ,,tennyson took his ,,idylls ,,of ,,the ,,king4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,j4 ,,ogden ,,and ,,co41 ,,printers1 #agb1 ,,st4 ,,john ,,street1 ,e4,c4 ,,transcriber',s ,,note ,italic text is denoted by underscores4 ,bold text is denoted by equal signs4 ,a superscript is denoted by 2 for example ,,esq,r4 ,obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources4 ,footnotes have been moved to the end of the book text1 and before the publisher's ,book ,catalog4 ,some ,footnotes are very long4 ,to avoid duplication1 the page numbering in the publisher's ,book ,catalog at the back of the book has a suffix ,c added1 so that for example page #bc in the ,catalog is denoted as #bc;,c4 ,the #c-star asterism symbol in the ,catalog is denoted by 4 ,footnotes #aee1 #ahg1 #ahh1 #aij1 #bji and #bcj are referenced from the prior ,footnotes and not from the text itself4 ,for consistency and to follow the intent of the publisher1 the ,plate illustrations have been moved to the beginning of the section describing them4 ,in most cases this was only one or two paragraphs earlier than the original book layout4 ,except for those changes noted below1 all misspellings in the text1 and inconsistent or archaic usage1 have been retained4 ,for example1 after-thought1 afterthought2 sign-post1 signpost2 independency2 caldron2 embosomed2 dulness4 ,in the illustration captions for the six ,marriage la mode ,plates1 ',,marriage ,a-,,la-,,mode' has been replaced by ',,marriage ,a ,,la ,,mode'4 ,pg #hg ,footnote #eg1 'sooner than hey' replaced by 'sooner than they'4 ,pg #hh ,footnote #eh1 'being desious' replaced by 'being desirous'4 ,pg #abc1 'handsome ackowledgment' replaced by 'handsome acknowledgment'4 ,pg #acj1 'luscious cates' replaced by 'luscious cakes'4 ,pg #bdj1 'published in ,septemper' replaced by 'published in ,september'4 ,pg #bee ,footnote #agi1 'had his deserts' replaced by 'had his desserts'4 ,pg #bfb1 'sinster side is ,doctor' replaced by 'sinister side is ,doctor'4 ,pg #bfh1 'as a subscripton-ticket' replaced by 'as a subscription-ticket'4 ,pg #bhj1 'to be permament' replaced by 'to be permanent'4 ,pg #bhd1 'similiar spirit' replaced by 'similar spirit'4 ,pg #cja1 'does not not need defense' replaced by 'does not need defense'4 ,catalog of ,books3 ,pg #ae;,c1 'very beau-ful' replaced by 'very beautiful'4 ,pg #dc;,c1 'booh is a mine' replaced by 'book is a mine'4