,,human ,,all-,,too-,,human ,a ,,book ,,= ,,free ,,spirits ,,"p ,i ,by ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,translat$ ,,by ,,hel5 ,,zimm]n ,,) ,,introduction ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,,k5n$y ,! ,complete ,works ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e ,! ,fir/ ,complete & ,au?oris$ ,engli% ,translation ,edit$ by ,dr ,osc> ,levy ,volume ,six ,t4,n4 ,,f\lis #ac #ae ,,fr$]ick ,,/reet ,,ed9burgh3 ,,& ,,london #aiji ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,,fir/ ,,division3 ,,fir/ ,,& ,,la/ ,,?+s ,,second ,,division3 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,s5tim5t ,,?ird ,,division3 ,,! ,,religi\s ,,life ,,f\r? ,,division3 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,s\l ,,( ,,arti/s ,,& ,,au?ors ,,fif? ,,division3 ,,! ,,signs ,,( ,,high] ,,& ,,l[] ,,culture ,,six? ,,division3 ,,man ,,9 ,,society ,,sev5? ,,division3 ,,wife ,,& ,,*ild ,,eigh? ,,division3 ,a ,,glance ,,at ,,! ,,/ate ,,an ,,epode--,,among ,,fri5ds ,,introduction4 ,nietzs*e's essay1 ,ri*>d ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu?1 appe>$ 9 #ahgf1 & 8 next publication 0 8 pres5t "w1 :i* 0 issu$ 9 #ahgh4 ,a comp>ison ( ! books w %[ t ! two ye>s ( m$itation int]v5+ _h br\ght ab\t a great *ange 9 ,nietzs*e's views1 8 /yle ( express+ !m1 & ! =m 9 :i* !y 7 ca/4 ,! ,dionysian1 ov]fl[+ ) life1 gives way to an ,apollonian ?9k] ) a t\* ( pessimism4 ,! long essay =m is ab&on$1 & in/ead we h a s]ies ( aphorisms1 "s t+$ ) melan*oly1 o!rs ) satire1 sev]al1 especially t[>ds ! end1 ) ,nietzs*ian wit at its be/1 & a few at ! beg9n+ s v ab/ruse z to require c>eful /udy4 ,s9ce ! ,bayreu? fe/ivals ( #ahgf1 ,nietzs*e _h gradually come to see ,wagn] z he really 04 ,! ideal musician t ,nietzs*e _h pictur$ 9 8 own m9d turn$ out to be no?+ m ?an a r dilettante philosoph]1 an opportuni/ic decad5t ) a suspici\s t5d5cy t[>ds ,*ri/ianity4 ,! "y philosoph] !reupon proce$$ to %ake (f ! influ5ce :i* ! musician _h ex]cis$ ^u him4 ,he 0 successful 9 do+ s1 b n )\t a /ruggle1 j z he _h =m]ly %ak5 (f ! influ5ce ( ,s*op5hau]4 ,h5ce he writes 9 8 autobiography3#a ,human1 all-too-,human1 is ! monum5t ( a crisis4 ,x is entitl$3 ',a book = free spirits1' & almo/ e l9e 9 x repres5ts a victory--9 its pages ,i fre$ myself f ev]y?+ =eign to my real nature4 ,idealism is =eign to me3 ! title says1 ',:]e y see ideal ?+s1 ,i see ?+s :i* are only--human alas6 all-too-human6' ,i "k man bett]--! t]m 'free _s' mu/ "h be und]/ood 9 no o!r s5se ?an ?is3 a fre$ man1 :o has once m tak5 possession ( himself4 ,! =m ( ?is book w be bett] und]/ood :5 x is rememb]$ t at ?is p]iod ,nietzs*e 0 beg9n+ to suff] f /oma* tr\ble & heada*es4 ,z a cure = 8 compla9ts1 he sp5t 8 "t 9 travel :5 he c\ld get a few weeks' respite f 8 duties at ,basel ,univ]sity2 & x 0 9 ! c\rse ( 8 solit>y walks & hill-climb+ t\rs t ! majority ( ^! ?\ghts occurr$ to him & 7 jott$ d[n !re & !n4 ,a few ( !m1 h[ev]1 date fur!r back1 z he tells u 9 ! preface to ! second "p ( ?is "w4 ,_m ( !m1 he says1 occupi$ 8 m9d ev5 be=e he publi%$ 8 fir/ book1 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y & sev]al o!rs1 z we le>n f 8 notebooks & po/hum\s writ+s1 date f ! p]iod ( ! ,?\ghts out ( ,season4 ,x mu/ be cle>ly und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t ,nietzs*e's disease mu/ n be look$ ^u 9 ! same way z t ( an ord9>y man4 ,p are incl9$ to reg>d a sick man z rancor\s2 b any "o :o rights ) & conqu]s 8 disease1 & ev5 exploits x1 z ,nietzs*e did1 b5efits !reby to an extraord9>y degree4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he has pass$ ?r\gh sev]al /ages ( human psy*ology ) :i* a heal?y man is entirely unacqua9t$2 e4g4 he has le>nt by introspection ! spiteful & rev5geful _s ( ! sick man & 8 religion4 ,secondly1 9 8 mom5ts ( fre$om f pa9 & gloom 8 ?\ghts w be all ! m brilliant4 ,9 support ( ?is la/ /atem5t1 "o in/ance may be select$ out ( hundr$s t c\ld be adduc$4 ,he9ri* ,he9e sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 life 9 exile f 8 native c\ntry1 tortur$ by heada*es1 & f9ally dy+ 9 a =eign l& z ! result ( a sp9al disease4 ,8 spl5did works 7 compos$ 9 8 mom5ts ( respite f illness1 & dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life1 :5 8 heal? 0 at its wor/1 he gave to ! _w 8 fam\s ,romanc]o4 ,we w\ld likewise d well to recollect ,goe!'s say+3 ,z>t ,g$i*t1 wie ,reg5bog51 ,wird nur auf dunkelm ,grund gezog54#b ,?us nei!r ! =m ( ?is book--s />tl+ at fir/ to ^? :o h be5 br\ght up 9 ! traditions ( our own s*ool--nor ! treat all m5 z equals1 & proclaim ! e/abli%m5t ( equal rights3 s f> a sociali/ic mode ( ?\ght :i* is bas$ on ju/ice is possible2 b1 z has be5 said1 only )9 ! ranks ( ! gov]n+ classes1 :i* 9 ?is case practises ju/ice ) sacrifices & abnegations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to dem& equality ( rights1 z d ! ,sociali/s ( ! subject ca/e1 is by no means ! outcome ( ju/ice1 b ( covet\sness4 ,if y expose bloody pieces ( fle% to a bea/1 & !n )draw !m aga9 until x f9ally beg9s to ro>1 d y ?9k t ! ro>+ implies ju/ice8 ,!ologians on ! o!r h&1 z may be expect$1 w f9d no su* ready help 9 _! difficulties f ,nietzs*e4 ,!y mu/1 on ! contr>y1 be on _! gu>d aga9/ s al]t an adv]s>y--a duty :i* !y are app>5tly n go+ to %irk2 = !ologians are among/ ! mo/ ard5t /ud5ts ( ,nietzs*e 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,_! att5tion may !re=e be drawn to aphorism #fcj ( ?is book1 deal+ ) convictions & _! orig91 :i* w no d\bt be successfully refut$ by ! def5d]s ( ! true fai?4 ,9 fact1 !re is n a s+le p>agraph 9 ! book t does n des]ve c>eful /udy by all s]i\s ?9k]s4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ?is is a calm book1 & ^? :o are accu/om$ to ,nietzs*e ! out-spok5 ,immorali/1 may be some:at a/oni%$ at ! calm tone ( ! pres5t volume4 ,! explanation is t ,nietzs*e 0 n[ j beg9n+ to walk on 8 own philosophical pa?4 ,8 life-long aim1 ! uplift+ ( ! type man1 0 /ill 9 view1 b ! way lead+ t[>ds x 0 once m unc]ta94 ,h5ce ! peculi>ly calm1 ev5 melan*olic1 & :at ,nietzs*e himself w\ld call ,apollonian1 t+e ( _m ( ^! aphorisms1 s diff]5t f ! /yle ( 8 e>li] & lat] writ+s4 ,= ?is v reason1 h[ev]1 ! book may appeal all ! m to ,engli% read]s1 :o are ( c\rse m ,apollonian ?an ,dionysian4 ,nietzs*e is feel+ 8 way1 & ^! aphorisms repres5t 8 fir/ /eps4 ,z su*--besides hav+ a high intr9sic value ( !mselves--!y are enorm\s aids to ! /udy ( 8 "* & temp]am5t4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,k5n$y4 ,footnote #a3 ,ecce ,homo1 p4 #ge4 ,footnote #b3 ,t5d] poetry1 l ra9b[s1 c appe> only on a d>k & sombre backgr\nd4--,j4,m4,k4 ,,preface #a4 ,i h be5 told frequ5tly1 & always ) great surprise1 t !re is some?+ common & di/9ctive 9 all my writ+s1 f ! ,bir? ( ,trag$y to ! late/ publi%$ ,prelude to a ,philosophy ( ! ,future4 ,!y all conta91 ,i h be5 told1 sn>es & nets = unw>y birds1 & an almo/ p]petual unconsci\s dem& = ! inv]sion ( cu/om>y valuations & valu$ cu/oms4 ,:at8 ,ev]y?+ only--human-all-too-human8 ,p lay d[n my writ+s ) ?is sigh1 n )\t a c]ta9 dread & di/ru/ ( morality itself1 inde$ almo/ tempt$ & enc\rag$ to become advocates ( ! wor/ ?+s3 z be+ p]haps only ! be/ disp>ag$8 ,my writ+s h be5 call$ a s*ool ( suspicion & especially ( disda91 m happily1 also1 a s*ool ( c\rage & ev5 ( audacity4 ,inde$1 ,i myself d n ?9k t any "o has ev] look$ at ! _w ) su* a pr(\nd suspicion2 & n only z occasional ,devil's ,advocate1 b equally also1 to speak !ologically1 z enemy & impea*] ( ,god2 & he :o realises some?+ ( ! consequ5ces involv$1 9 e pr(\nd suspicion1 some?+ ( ! *ills & anxieties ( lonel9ess to :i* e uncompromis+ diff]5ce ( outlook condemns him :o is affect$ !re)1 w also und]/& h[ (t5 ,i s\ght %elt] 9 "s k9d ( rev]5ce or ho/ility1 or sci5tificality or levity or /upidity1 9 ord] to recov] f myself1 &1 z x 71 to obta9 tempor>y self-=getfulness2 also :y1 :5 ,i did n f9d :at ,i ne$$1 ,i 0 oblig$ to manufacture x1 to c\nt]feit & to imag9e x 9 a suitable mann] 7& :at else h poets ev] done8 ,& = :at purpose has all ! art 9 ! _w exi/$874 ,:at ,i always requir$ mo/1 h[ev]1 = my cure & self-recov]y1 0 ! belief t ,i 0 n isolat$ 9 su* circum/ances1 t ,i did n see 9 an isolat$ mann]--a magic suspicion ( relation%ip & simil>ity to o!rs 9 outlook & desire1 a repose 9 ! confid5ce ( fri5d%ip1 a bl9dness 9 bo? p>ties )\t suspicion or note ( int]rogation1 an enjoym5t ( =egr\nds1 & surfaces ( ! ne> & ! ne>e/1 ( all t has col\r1 epid]mis1 & outside appe>ance4 ,p]haps ,i might be reproa*$ 9 ?is respect = mu* art & f9e false co9age2 = in/ance1 = volunt>ily & kn[+ly %utt+ my eyes to ,s*op5hau]'s bl9d w to morality at a "t :5 ,i _h become suffici5tly cle>-sight$ ab\t morality2 also = deceiv+ myself ab\t ,ri*>d ,wagn]'s incurable romanticism1 z if x 7 a beg9n+ & n an end2 also ab\t ! ,greeks1 also ab\t ! ,g]mans & _! future--& !re w\ld /ill probably be q a long li/ ( su* alsos8 ,suppos+ h[ev]1 t ?is 7 all true & t ,i 7 reproa*$ ) good reason1 :at d y "k1 :at c\ld y "k z to h[ mu* artifice ( self-pres]vation1 h[ mu* rationality & high] protection !re is 9 su* self-deception1--& h[ mu* fals5ess ,i /ill require 9 ord] to all[ myself aga9 & aga9 ! luxury ( my s9c]ity8 444 ,9 %ort1 ,i /ill live2 & life1 9 spite ( ourselves1 is n devis$ by morality2 x dem&s illusion1 x lives by illusion 444 b----,!re6 ,i am already beg9n+ aga9 & do+ :at ,i h always done1 old immorali/ & bird-cat*] t ,i am1--,i am talk+ un-morally1 ultra-morally1 beyond good & evil8444 #b4 ,?us !n1 :5 ,i f\nd x necess>y1 ,i inv5t$ once on a "t ! free spirits1 to :om ?is disc\rag+ly enc\rag+ book ) ! title ,human1 all-too-,human1 is d$icat$4 ,!re are no su* free spirits nor h !re be5 su*1 b1 z already said1 ,i !n requir$ !m = company to keep me *e]ful 9 ! mid/ ( evils 7sickness1 lonel9ess1 =eignness1--ac$ia1 inactivity7 z brave companions & gho/s ) :om ,i c\ld laugh & gossip :5 s incl9$ & s5d to ! devil :5 !y became bores1--z comp5sation = ! lack ( fri5ds4 ,t su* free spirits w be possible "s day1 t our ,europe w h su* bold & *e]ful wights among/ h] sons ( to-morr[ & ! day aft] to-morr[1 z ! %ad[s ( a h]mit's phantasmagoria--,i %\ld be ! la/ to d\bt !re(4 ,already ,i see !m com+1 sl[ly1 sl[ly2 & p]haps ,i am do+ some?+ to ha/5 _! com+ :5 ,i describe 9 advance "u :at auspices ,i see !m orig9ate1 & ^u :at pa?s ,i see !m come4 #c4 ,"o may suppose t a _s 9 :i* ! type free _s is to become fully mature & sweet1 has _h its decisive ev5t 9 a great emancipation1 & t x 0 all ! m fett]$ previ\sly & app>5tly b\nd = ev] to its corn] & pill>4 ,:at is x t b9ds mo/ /rongly8 ,:at cords are almo/ unr5dable8 ,9 m5 ( a l(ty & select type x w be _! duties2 ! rev]5ce :i* is suitable to y\?1 respect & t5d]ness = all t is "t-hon\r$ & wor?y1 gratitude to ! l& :i* bore !m1 to ! h& :i* l$ !m1 to ! sanctu>y :]e !y le>nt to adore1--_! mo/ exalt$ mom5ts !mselves w b9d !m mo/ effectively1 w lay ^u !m ! mo/ endur+ obligations4 ,= ^? :o are ?us b\nd ! great emancipation comes sudd5ly1 l an e>?quake2 ! "y s\l is all at once convuls$1 unloos5$ & extricat$--x does n itself "k :at is happ5+4 ,an impulsion &-compulsion sway & ov]-ma/] x l a comm&2 a w & a wi% awak51 to g =? on _! c\rse1 any:]e1 at any co/2 a viol5t1 dang]\s curiosity ab\t an undiscov]$ _w flames & fl>es 9 e s5se4 ,bett] to die ?an live "h--says ! imp]i\s voice & s$uction1 & ?is "h1 ?is at home is all t ! s\l has hi!rto lov$6 ,a sudd5 fe> & suspicion ( t :i* x lov$1 a fla% ( disda9 = :at 0 call$ its duty1 a rebelli\s1 arbitr>y1 volcanically ?robb+ long+ = travel1 =eignness1 e/rangem5t1 coldness1 dis5*antm5t1 glaciation1 a hatr$ ( love1 p]haps a sacrilegi\s clut* & look backw>ds1 to :]e x hi!rto ador$ & lov$1 p]haps a gl[ ( %ame at :at x 0 j do+1 & at ! same "t a rejoic+ t x 0 do+ x1 an intoxicat$1 int]nal1 exult+ ?rill :i* betrays a triumph--a triumph8 ,ov] :at8 ,ov] :om8 ,an enigmatical1 que/ionable1 d\btful triumph1 b ! fir/ triumph nev]!less2--su* evil & pa9ful incid5ts belong to ! hi/ory ( ! great emancipation4 ,x is1 at ! same "t1 a disease :i* may de/roy ! man1 ?is fir/ outbreak ( p[] & w to self-decision1 self-valuation1 ?is w to free w2 & h[ mu* disease is manife/$ 9 ! wild attempts & ecc5tricities by :i* ! lib]at$ & emancipat$ "o n[ seeks to demon/rate 8 ma/]y ov] ?+s6 ,he roves ab\t rag+ ) unsatisfi$ long+2 :atev] he captures has to suff] = ! dang]\s t5sion ( 8 pride2 he te>s to pieces :atev] attracts him4 ,) a malici\s laugh he twirls r\nd :atev] he f9ds veil$ or gu>d$ by a s5se ( %ame2 he tries h[ ^! ?+s look :5 turn$ upside d[n4 ,x is a matt] ( arbitr>9ess ) him1 & pleasure 9 arbitr>9ess1 if he n[ p]haps be/[ 8 fav\r on :at _h hi!rto a bad repute1--if he inquisitively & tempt+ly haunt :at is specially =bidd54 ,9 ! backgr\nd ( 8 activities & w&]+s --= he is re/less & aimless 9 8 c\rse z 9 a des]t--/&s ! note ( int]rogation ( an increas+ly dang]\s curiosity4 ,_c all valuations be rev]s$8 ,& is good p]haps evil8 ,& ,god only an inv5tion & artifice ( ! devil8 ,is ev]y?+1 p]haps1 radically false8 ,& if we are ! deceiv$1 are we n !reby also deceiv]s8 ,mu/ we n also be deceiv]s8--,su* ?\ghts lead & mislead him m & m1 onw>d & away4 ,solitude encircles & engirdles him1 always m ?reat5+1 m ?rottl+1 m he>t-oppress+1 t t]rible goddess & mat] sva cupid9um--b :o kn[s n[adays :at solitude is8444 #d4 ,f ?is morbid solit>9ess1 f ! des]t ( su* ye>s ( exp]im5t1 x is /ill a long way to ! copi\s1 ov]fl[+ safety & s\ndness :i* does n c>e to disp5se ) disease itself z an in/rum5t & angl+-hook ( k2--to t mature fre$om ( _s :i* is equally self-control & discipl9e ( ! he>t1 & gives access to _m & oppos$ modes ( ?\ght2--to t inw>d compreh5siv5ess & da9t9ess ( sup]abundance1 :i* excludes any dang] ( ! _s's becom+ enam\r$ & lo/ 9 its own pa?s1 & ly+ intoxicat$ 9 "s corn] or o!r2 to t excess ( pla/ic1 heal+1 =mative1 & re/orative p[]s1 :i* is exactly ! sign ( spl5did heal?1 t excess :i* gives ! free _s ! dang]\s pr]ogative ( be+ entitl$ to live by exp]im5ts & (f] itself to adv5ture2 ! free _s's pr]ogative ( ma/]%ip6 ,long ye>s ( convalesc5ce may lie 9 betwe51 ye>s full ( _m-col\r$1 pa9fully-en*ant+ magical trans=mations1 curb$ & l$ by a t\gh w to heal?1 :i* (t5 d>es to dress & disguise itself z actual heal?4 ,!re is a middle condition !re91 :i* a man ( su* a fate nev] calls to m9d lat] on )\t emotion2 a pale1 delicate light & a sun%9e-happ9ess are peculi> to him1 a feel+ ( bird-l fre$om1 prospect1 & haught9ess1 a t]tium quid 9 :i* curiosity & g5tle disda9 are comb9$4 ,a free _s--?is cool expression does good 9 e condition1 x almo/ w>ms4 ,"o no long] lives1 9 ! fett]s ( love & hatr$1 )\t ,yea1 )\t ,nay1 volunt>ily ne>1 volunt>ily di/ant1 pref]r+ to escape1 to turn aside1 to flutt] =?1 to fly up & away2 "o is fa/idi\s l e "o :o has once se5 an imm5se v>iety b5ea? him1--& "o has become ! opposite ( ^? :o tr\ble !mselves ab\t ?+s :i* d n conc]n !m4 ,9 fact1 x is no?+ b ?+s :i* n[ conc]n ! free _s1--& h[ _m ?+s6--:i* no long] tr\ble him6 #e4 ,a /ep fur!r t[>ds recov]y1 & ! free _s aga9 draws ne> to life2 sl[ly1 x is true1 & almo/ /ubbornly1 almo/ di/ru/fully4 ,aga9 x gr[s w>m] ar\nd him1 &1 z x 71 yell[]2 feel+ & sympa?y ga9 dep?14 ?aw+ w9ds ( e k9d pass lightly ov] him4 ,he almo/ feels z if 8 eyes 7 n[ fir/ op5$ to :at is ne>4 ,he m>vels & is /ill2 :]e has he be58 ,! ne> & ne>e/ ?+s1 h[ *ang$ !y appe> to him6 ,:at a bloom & magic !y h acquir$ mean:ile6 ,he looks back gratefully1--grateful to 8 w&]+1 8 au/]ity & self-e/rangem5t1 8 f>-sight$ness & 8 bird-l flights 9 cold heights4 ,:at a good ?+ t he did n always /ay at home1 by himself1 l a s5sitive1 /upid t5d]l+4 ,he has be5 beside himself1 !re is no d\bt4 ,he n[ sees himself = ! fir/ "t1--& :at surprises he feels !reby6 ,:at ?rills unexp]i5c$ hi!rto6 ,:at joy ev5 9 ! we>9ess1 9 ! old illness1 9 ! relapses ( ! convalesc5t6 ,h[ he likes to sit /ill & suff]1 to practise pati5ce1 to lie 9 ! sun6 ,:o is z famili> z he ) ! joy ( w9t]1 ) ! pat* ( sun%9e ^u ! wall6 ,!y are ! mo/ grateful animals 9 ! _w1 & also ! mo/ unassum+1 ^! liz>ds ( convalesc5ts ) _! faces half-turn$ t[>ds life once m3--!re are ^? among/ !m :o nev] let a day pass )\t hang+ a little hymn ( praise on its trail+ fr+e4 ,&1 speak+ s]i\sly1 x is a radical cure = all pessimism 7! well-kn[n disease ( old ideali/s & falsehood-mong]s7 to become ill aft] ! mann] ( ^! free spirits1 to rema9 ill a good :ile1 & !n gr[ well 7,i mean bett]7 = a /ill long] p]iod4 ,x is wisdom1 practical wisdom1 to prescribe ev5 heal? = "o's self = a long "t only 9 small doses4 #f4 ,ab\t ?is "t x may at la/ happ51 "u ! sudd5 illum9ations ( /ill di/urb$ & *ang+ heal?1 t ! enigma ( t great emancipation beg9s to reveal itself to ! free1 & ev] fre]1 _s1--t enigma :i* _h hi!rto la9 obscure1 que/ionable1 & almo/ intangible1 9 8 memory4 ,if = a long "t he sc>cely d>$ to ask himself1 ,:y s ap>t8 ,s alone8 d5y+ ev]y?+ t ,i rev]$8 d5y+ rev]5ce itself8 ,:y ?is hatr$1 ?is suspicion1 ?is sev]ity t[>ds my own virtues8--he n[ d>es & asks ! que/ions al\d1 & already he>s some?+ l an answ] to !m-- ,?\ %\ld/ become ma/] ov] ?yself & ma/] also ( ?9e own virtues4 ,=m]ly !y 7 ?y ma/]s2 b !y are only entitl$ to be ?y tools among/ o!r tools4 ,?\ %\ld/ obta9 p[] ov] ?y pro & contra1 & le>n h[ to put !m =? & )draw !m aga9 9 accordance ) ?y high] purpose4 ,?\ %\ld/ le>n h[ to take ! prop] p]spective ( e valuation--! %ift+1 di/ortion1 & app>5t teleology ( ! horizons & ev]y?+ t belongs to p]spective2 also ! am\nt ( /upidity :i* opposite values involve1 & all ! intellectual loss ) :i* e pro & e contra has to be paid =4 ,?\ %\ld/ le>n h[ mu* necess>y inju/ice !re is 9 e = & aga9/1 inju/ice z insep>able f life1 & life itself z condition$ by ! p]spective & its inju/ice4 ,above all ?\ %\ld/ see cle>ly :]e ! inju/ice is always greate/3--namely1 :]e life has develop$ mo/ punily1 re/rict$ly1 necessit\sly1 & incipi5tly1 & yet _c help reg>d+ itself z ! purpose & /&>d ( ?+s1 & = ! sake ( self-pres]vation1 secretly1 basely1 & cont9u\sly wa/+ away & call+ 9 "q ! high]1 great]1 & ri*]1--?\ %\ld/ see cle>ly ! problem ( gradation ( rank1 & h[ p[] & "r & amplitude ( p]spective gr[ up toge!r4 ,?\ %\ld/---- ,b en\gh2 ! free _s kn[s h5ce=? :i* ?\ %alt he has obey$1 & also :at he c n[ d1 :at he only n[--may d4444 #g4 ,?us do? ! free _s answ] himself ) reg>d to ! riddle ( emancipation1 & ends !re)1 :ile he g5]alises 8 case1 9 ord] ?us to decide ) reg>d to 8 exp]i5ce4 ,z x has happ5$ to me1 he says to himself1 s mu/ x happ5 to e "o 9 :om a mission seeks to embody itself & to 'come into ! _w4' ,! secret p[] & necessity ( ?is mission w op]ate 9 & ^u ! de/9$ individuals l an unconsci\s pregnancy1--long be=e !y h _h ! mission itself 9 view & h kn[n its "n4 ,our de/9y rules ov] u1 ev5 :5 we are n yet aw>e ( x2 x is ! future t makes laws = our to-day4 ,grant$ t x is ! problem ( ! gradations ( rank1 ( :i* we may say t x is our problem1 we free spirits2 n[ only 9 ! midday ( our life d we fir/ und]/& :at prep>ations1 det\rs1 te/s1 exp]im5ts1 & disguises ! problem ne$$1 be=e x 0 p]mitt$ to rise be=e u1 & h[ we _h fir/ to exp]i5ce ! mo/ manifold & oppos+ conditions ( di/ress & happ9ess 9 s\l & body1 z adv5tur]s & circumnavigators ( ! inn] _w call$ man1 z surveyors ( all ! high] & ! "o-above-ano!r1 also call$ man--p5etrat+ ev]y:]e1 almo/ )\t fe>1 reject+ no?+1 los+ no?+1 ta/+ ev]y?+1 cleans+ ev]y?+ f all t is accid5tal1 &1 z x 71 sift+ x out--until at la/ we c\ld say1 we free spirits1 ,"h--a new problem6 ,"h a long ladd]1 ! rungs ( :i* we ourselves h sat ^u & m\nt$1--:i* we ourselves at "s "t h be56 ,"h a high] place1 a l[] place1 an "u-u1 an immeasurably long ord]1 a hi]>*y :i* we see2 "h--our problem6 #h4 ,no psy*ologi/ or augur w be 9 d\bt = a mom5t z to :at /age ( ! developm5t j describ$ ! foll[+ book belongs 7or is assign$ to74 ,b :]e are ^! psy*ologi/s n[adays8 ,9 ,france1 c]ta9ly2 p]haps 9 ,russia2 assur$ly n 9 ,g]many4 ,reasons are n lack+ :y ! pres5t-day ,g]mans c\ld /ill ev5 c\nt ?is z an hon\r to !m--bad en\gh1 surely1 = "o :o 9 ?is respect is un-,g]man 9 disposition & con/itution6 ,?is ,g]man book1 :i* has be5 able to f9d read]s 9 a wide circle ( c\ntries & nations--x has be5 ab\t t5 ye>s go+ its r\nds--& mu/ und]/& "s sort ( music & pip+ art1 by means ( :i* ev5 coy =eign e>s are s$uc$ into li/5+1--x is precisely 9 ,g]many t ?is book has be5 mo/ neglig5tly read1 & wor/ li/5$ to2 :at is ! reason8 ,x dem&s too mu*1 ,i h be5 told1 x appeals to m5 free f ! pressure ( co>se duties1 x wants ref9$ & fa/idi\s s5ses1 x ne$s sup]fluity--sup]fluity ( "t1 ( cle>ness ( sky & he>t1 ( otium 9 ! bolde/ s5se ( ! t]m3--purely good ?+s1 :i* we ,g]mans ( to-day d n possess & !re=e _c give4 ,aft] su* a polite answ] my philosophy advises me to be sil5t & n to "q fur!r2 besides1 9 c]ta9 cases1 z ! prov]b po9ts out1 "o only rema9s a philosoph] by be+--sil5t4#a ,,nice1 ,spr+ #ahhf4 ,footnote #a3 ,an allusion to ! m$ival ,lat9 di/i*3 ,o si tacuisses1 ,philosophus mansisses4--,j4,m4,k4 ,,human1 ,,all-,,too-,,human4 ,,fir/ ,,division4 ,,fir/ ,,& ,,la/ ,,?+s4 #a4 ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,ideas ,,& ,,s5sations4--,philosophical problems adopt 9 almo/ all matt]s ! same =m ( "q z !y did two ?\s& ye>s ago2 h[ c any?+ spr+ f its opposite8 = in/ance1 reason out ( unreason1 ! s5ti5t out ( ! dead1 logic out ( unlogic1 dis9t]e/$ contemplation out ( covet\s will+1 life = o!rs out ( egoism1 tru? out ( error8 ,metaphysical philosophy has help$ itself ov] ^? difficulties hi!rto by d5y+ ! orig9 ( "o ?+ 9 ano!r1 & assum+ a miracul\s orig9 = m highly valu$ ?+s1 imm$iately out ( ! k]nel & ess5ce ( ! ?+ 9 itself4 ,hi/orical philosophy1 on ! contr>y1 :i* is no long] to be ?\ght ( z sep>ate f physical sci5ce1 ! y\nge/ ( all philosophical me?ods1 has asc]ta9$ 9 s+le cases 7& presumably ?is w happ5 9 ev]y?+7 t !re are no opposites except 9 ! usual exagg]ation ( ! popul> or metaphysical po9t ( view1 & t an error ( reason lies at ! bottom ( ! opposition3 accord+ to ?is explanation1 /rictly und]/ood1 !re is nei!r an unegoi/ical action nor an entirely dis9t]e/$ po9t ( view1 !y are bo? only sublimations 9 :i* ! fundam5tal elem5t appe>s almo/ evaporat$1 & is only to be discov]$ by ! close/ obs]vation4 ,all t we require1 & :i* c only be giv5 u by ! pres5t advance ( ! s+le sci5ces1 is a *emi/ry ( ! moral1 religi\s1 /hetic ideas & s5tim5ts1 z also ( ^? emotions :i* we exp]i5ce 9 ourselves bo? 9 ! great & 9 ! small phases ( social & intellectual int]c\rse1 & ev5 9 solitude2 b :at if ?is *emi/ry %\ld result 9 ! fact t also 9 ?is case ! mo/ beautiful col\rs h be5 obta9$ f base1 ev5 despis$ mat]ials8 ,w\ld _m be incl9$ to pursue su* exam9ations8 ,humanity likes to put all que/ions z to orig9 & beg9n+ out ( its m9d2 mu/ "o n be almo/ dehumanis$ to feel a contr>y t5d5cy 9 "o's self8 #b4 ,,inh]it$ ,,faults ,,( ,,philosoph]s4--,all philosoph]s h ! common fault t !y />t f man 9 8 pres5t /ate & hope to atta9 _! end by an analysis ( him4 ,unconsci\sly !y look ^u man z an cetema ,v]itas1 z a ?+ un*angeable 9 all commotion1 z a sure /&>d ( ?+s4 ,b ev]y?+ t ! philosoph] says ab\t man is really no?+ m ?an te/imony ab\t ! man ( a v limit$ space ( "t4 ,a lack ( ! hi/orical s5se is ! h]$it>y fault ( all philosoph]s2 _m1 inde$1 unconsci\sly mi/ake ! v late/ v>iety ( man1 su* z has aris5 "u ! influ5ce ( c]ta9 religions1 c]ta9 political ev5ts1 = ! p]man5t =m f :i* "o mu/ set out4 ,!y w n le>n t man has develop$1 t 8 faculty ( k has develop$ also2 :il/ = "s ( !m ! entire _w is spun out ( ?is faculty ( k4 ,n[ ev]y?+ ess5tial 9 human developm5t happ5$ 9 pre-hi/oric times1 long be=e ^? f\r ?\s& ye>s :i* we "k some?+ (2 man may n h *ang$ mu* dur+ ?is "t4 ,b ! philosoph] sees in/9cts 9 ! pres5t man & takes x = grant$ t ?is is "o ( ! unalt]able facts ( mank9d1 &1 consequ5tly1 c furni% a key to ! und]/&+ ( ! _w2 ! entire teleology is s con/ruct$ t man ( ! la/ f\r ?\s& ye>s is spok5 ( z an et]nal be+1 t[>ds :i* all ?+s 9 ! _w h f ! beg9n+ a natural direction4 ,b ev]y?+ has evolv$2 !re are no et]nal facts1 z !re are likewise no absolute tru?s4 ,!re=e1 hi/orical philosophis+ is h5ce=? necess>y1 & ) x ! virtue ( diffid5ce4 #c4 ,,appreciation ,,( ,,unpret5ti\s ,,tru?s4--,x is a m>k ( a high] culture to value ! little unpret5ti\s tru?s1 :i* h be5 f\nd by means ( /rict me?od1 m highly ?an ! joy-diffus+ & dazzl+ errors :i* spr+ f metaphysical & arti/ic times & peoples4 ,fir/ ( all "o has scorn on ! lips = ! =m]1 z if "h no?+ c\ld h equal privileges ) any?+ else1 s unassum+1 simple1 ba%ful1 app>5tly disc\rag+ are !y1 s beautiful1 /ately1 intoxicat+1 p]haps ev5 animat+1 are ! o!rs4 ,b ! h>dly atta9$1 ! c]ta91 ! la/+1 & !re=e ( great consequ5ce = all wid] k1 is /ill ! high]2 to keep "o's self to t is manly & %[s brav]y1 simplicity1 & =be>ance4 ,gradually n only s+le individuals b ! :ole ( mank9d w be rais$ to ?is manl9ess1 :5 x has at la/ accu/om$ itself to ! high] appreciation ( durable1 la/+ k1 & has lo/ all belief 9 inspiration & ! miracul\s communication ( tru?s4 ,respect]s ( =ms1 c]ta9ly1 ) _! /&>d ( ! beautiful & noble1 w fir/ ( all h good reasons = mock]y1 z soon z ! appreciation ( unpret5ti\s tru?s1 & ! sci5tific _s1 beg9 to obta9 ! ma/]y2 b only because _! eye has ei!r n yet recognis$ ! *>m ( ! simple/ =m1 or because m5 educat$ 9 t _s are n yet completely & inw>dly saturat$ by x1 s t !y /ill ?\ghtlessly imitate old =ms 7& badly en\gh1 z "o does :o no long] c>es mu* ab\t ! matt]74 ,=m]ly ! _s 0 n occupi$ ) /rict ?\ght1 its e>ne/ness !n lay 9 ! sp9n+ out ( symbols & =ms4 ,?is is *ang$2 t e>ne/ness 9 ! symbolical has become ! m>k ( a l[] culture4 ,z our arts !mselves gr[ ev]more intellectual1 our s5ses m spiritual1 & z1 = in/ance1 p n[ judge conc]n+ :at s\nds well to ! s5ses q diff]5tly f h[ !y did a hundr$ ye>s ago1 s ! =ms ( our life gr[ ev] m spiritual1 to ! eye ( old] ages p]haps ugli]1 b only because x is incapable ( p]ceiv+ h[ ! k+dom ( ! inw>d1 spiritual beauty con/antly gr[s deep] & wid]1 & to :at ext5t ! inn] intellectual look may be ( m importance to u all ?an ! mo/ beautiful bodily frame & ! noble/ ar*itectural /ructure4 #d4 ,,a/rology ,,& ,,! ,,l4--,x is probable t ! objects ( religi\s1 moral1 /hetic & logical s5tim5t likewise belong only to ! surface ( ?+s1 :ile man will+ly believes t "h1 at lea/1 he has t\*$ ! he>t ( ! _w2 he deceives himself1 because ^? ?+s enrapture him s pr(\ndly1 & make him s pr(\ndly unhappy1 & he !re=e %[s ! same pride "h z 9 a/rology4 ,= a/rology believes t ! firmam5t moves r\nd ! de/9y ( man2 ! moral man1 h[ev]1 takes x = grant$ t :at he has ess5tially at he>t mu/ also be ! ess5ce & he>t ( ?+s4 #e4 ,,misund]/&+ ,,( ,,dreams4--,9 ! ages ( a rude & primitive civilisation man believ$ t 9 dreams he became acqua9t$ ) a second actual _w2 h]e9 lies ! orig9 ( all metaphysics4 ,)\t dreams !re c\ld h be5 f\nd no reason = a division ( ! _w4 ,! di/9ction1 too1 betwe5 s\l & body is connect$ ) ! mo/ anci5t compreh5sion ( dreams1 also ! supposition ( an imag9>y s\l-body1 !re=e ! orig9 ( all belief 9 spirits1 & probably also ! belief 9 gods4 ,! dead cont9ues to live1 = he appe>s to ! liv+ 9 a dream3 ?us m5 reason$ ( old = ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( ye>s4 #f4 ,,! ,,sci5tific ,,_s ,,p>tially ,,b ,,n ,,:olly ,,p[]ful4--,! smalle/ subdivisions ( sci5ce tak5 sep>ately are dealt ) purely 9 relation to !mselves1--! g5]al1 great sci5ces1 on ! contr>y1 reg>d$ z a :ole1 call up ! "q--c]ta9ly a v non-objective "o--,:]e=e8 ,to :at end8 ,x is ?is utilit>ian consid]ation :i* causes !m to be dealt ) less imp]sonally :5 tak5 z a :ole ?an :5 consid]$ 9 _! v>i\s p>ts4 ,9 philosophy1 above all1 z ! apex ( ! entire1 pyramid ( sci5ce1 ! "q z to ! utility ( k is involunt>ily br\ght =w>d1 & e philosophy has ! unconsci\s int5tion ( ascrib+ to x ! greate/ usefulness4 ,= ?is reason !re is s mu* high-fly+ metaphysics 9 all philosophies & su* a %yness ( ! app>5tly unimportant solutions ( physics2 = ! importance ( k = life mu/ appe> z great z possible4 ,"h is ! antagonism betwe5 ! sep>ate prov9ces ( sci5ce & philosophy4 ,! latt] desires1 :at art does1 to give ! greate/ possible dep? & mean+ to life & actions2 9 ! =m] "o seeks k & no?+ fur!r1 :atev] may em]ge !reby4 ,s f> !re has be5 no philosoph] 9 ^: h&s philosophy has n gr[n into an apology = k2 on ?is po9t1 at lea/1 e "o is an optimi/1 t ! greate/ usefulness mu/ be ascrib$ to k4 ,!y are all tyrannis$ ov] by logic1 & ?is is optimism--9 its ess5ce4 #g4 ,,! ,,kill-,,joy ,,9 ,,sci5ce4--,philosophy sep>at$ f sci5ce :5 x ask$ ! "q1 ,:i* is ! k ( ! _w & ( life :i* enables man to live mo/ happily8 ,?is happ5$ 9 ! ,socratic s*ools2 ! ve9s ( sci5tific inve/igation 7 b\nd up by ! po9t ( view ( happ9ess1--& are s /ill4 #h4 ,,pneumatic ,,explanation ,,( ,,nature4--,metaphysics expla9s ! writ+ ( ,nature1 s to speak1 pneumatically1 z ! ,*ur* & h] le>n$ m5 =m]ly did ) ! ,bible4 ,a great deal ( und]/&+ is requir$ to apply to ,nature ! same me?od ( /rict int]pretation z ! philologi/s h n[ e/abli%$ = all books ) ! int5tion ( cle>ly und]/&+ :at ! text means1 b n suspect+ a d\ble s5se or ev5 tak+ x = grant$4 ,j1 h[ev]1 z ) reg>d to books1 ! bad art ( int]pretation is by no means ov]come1 & 9 ! mo/ cultivat$ society "o /ill con/antly comes across ! rema9s ( allegorical & my/ic int]pretation1 s x is also ) reg>d to ,nature1 inde$ x is ev5 mu* worse4 #i4 ,,! ,,metaphysical ,,_w4--,x is true t !re might be a metaphysical _w2 ! absolute possibility ( x is h>dly to be disput$4 ,we look at ev]y?+ ?r\gh ! human head & _c cut ?is head (f2 :ile ! "q rema9s1 ,:at w\ld be left ( ! _w if x _h be5 cut (f8 ,?is is a purely sci5tific problem1 & "o n v likely to tr\ble mank9d2 b ev]y?+ :i* has hi!rto made metaphysical suppositions valuable1 t]rible1 delightful = man1 :at has produc$ !m1 is passion1 error1 & self-deception2 ! v wor/ me?ods ( k1 n ! be/1 h taught belief !re94 ,:5 ^! me?ods h be5 discov]$ z ! f\ndation ( all exi/+ religions & metaphysics1 !y h be5 refut$4 ,!n !re /ill always rema9s t possibility2 b !re is no?+ to be done ) x1 mu* less is x possible to let happ9ess1 salvation1 & life dep5d on ! spid]-?read ( su* a possibility4 ,= no?+ c\ld be said ( ! metaphysical _w b t x w\ld be a diff]5t condition1 a condition inaccessible & incompreh5sible to u2 x w\ld be a ?+ ( negative qualities4 ,7 ! exi/5ce ( su* a _w ev] s well prov$1 ! fact w\ld nev]!less rema9 t x w\ld be precisely ! mo/ irrelevant ( all =ms ( k3 m irrelevant ?an ! k ( ! *emical analysis ( wat] to ! sailor 9 dang] 9 a /orm4 #aj4 ,,! ,,h>mlessness ,,( ,,metaphysics ,,9 ,,! ,,future4--,directly ! orig9s ( religion1 art1 & morals h be5 s describ$ t "o c p]fectly expla9 !m )\t hav+ rec\rse to metaphysical concepts at ! beg9n+ & 9 ! c\rse ( ! pa?1 ! /ronge/ int]e/ 9 ! purely !oretical problem ( ! ?+-9-itself & ! ph5om5on ceases4 ,= h[ev] x may be "h1 ) religion1 art1 & morals we d n t\* ! ess5ce ( ! _w 9 itself2 we are 9 ! doma9 ( repres5tation1 no intuition c c>ry u fur!r4 ,) ! greate/ calmness we %all leave ! "q z to h[ our own conception ( ! _w c diff] s widely f ! reveal$ ess5ce ( ! _w1 to physiology & ! hi/ory ( ! evolution ( organisms & ideas4 #aa4 ,,language ,,z ,a ,,presumptive ,,sci5ce4--,! importance ( language = ! developm5t ( culture lies 9 ! fact t 9 language man has plac$ a _w ( 8 own beside ! o!r1 a position :i* he deem$ s fix$ t he might !refrom lift ! re/ ( ! _w (f its h+es1 & make himself ma/] ( x4 ,inasmu* z man has believ$ 9 ! ideas & names ( ?+s z t]n v]itates = a great l5g? ( "t1 he has acquir$ t pride by :i* he has rais$ himself above ! animal2 he really ?\ght t 9 language he possess$ ! k ( ! _w4 ,! mak] ( language 0 n mode/ en\gh to ?9k t he only gave designations to ?+s1 he believ$ r t ) 8 words he express$ ! wide/ k ( ! ?+s2 9 reality language is ! fir/ /ep 9 ! endeav\r aft] sci5ce4 ,"h also x is belief 9 asc]ta9$ tru?1 f :i* ! mightie/ s\rces ( /r5g? h fl[$4 ,mu* lat]--only n[--x is dawn+ ^u m5 t !y h propagat$ a trem5d\s error 9 _! belief 9 language4 ,=tunately x is n[ too late to rev]se ! developm5t ( reason1 :i* is f\nd$ ^u t belief4 ,logic1 also1 is f\nd$ ^u suppositions to :i* no?+ 9 ! actual _w corresponds1--= in/ance1 on ! supposition ( ! equality ( ?+s1 & ! id5tity ( ! same ?+ at diff]5t po9ts ( "t1--b t p>ticul> sci5ce arose out ( ! contr>y belief 7t su* ?+s really exi/$ 9 ! actual _w74 ,x is ! same ) ma!matics1 :i* w\ld c]ta9ly n h aris5 if x _h be5 kn[n f ! beg9n+ t 9 ,nature !re are no exactly /raight l9es1 no real circle1 no absolute /&>d ( size4 #ab4 ,,dream ,,& ,,culture4--,! function ( ! bra9 :i* is mo/ influ5c$ by sleep is ! memory2 n t x entirely ceases2 b x is br\ght back to a condition ( imp]fection1 su* z ev]yone may h exp]i5c$ 9 pre-hi/oric times1 :e!r asleep or awake4 ,arbitr>y & confus$ z x is1 x con/antly conf\nds ?+s on ! gr\nd ( ! mo/ fleet+ resemblances2 b ) ! same arbitr>9ess & confusion ! anci5ts inv5t$ _! my?ologies1 & ev5 at ! pres5t day travell]s are accu/om$ to rem>k h[ prone ! savage is to =getfulness1 h[1 aft] a %ort t5sion ( memory1 8 m9d beg9s to sway "h & !re f %e] we>9ess & gives =? lies & nons5se4 ,b 9 dreams we all resemble ! savage2 bad recognition & errone\s comp>isons are ! reasons ( ! bad conclusions1 ( :i* we are guilty 9 dreams3 s t1 :5 we cle>ly recollect :at we h dreamt1 we are al>m$ at ourselves at h>b\r+ s mu* fooli%ness )9 u4 ,! p]fect di/9ctness ( all dream-repres5tations1 :i* pre-suppose absolute fai? 9 _! reality1 recall ! conditions t app]ta91 to primitive man1 9 :om halluc9ation 0 extraord9>ily frequ5t1 & sometimes simultane\sly seiz$ entire communities1 entire nations4 ,!re=e1 9 sleep & 9 dreams we once m c>ry out ! task ( e>ly humanity4 #ac4 ,,! ,,logic ,,( ,,dreams4--,9 sleep our n]v\s sy/em is p]petually excit$ by num]\s inn] occurr5ces2 ne>ly all ! organs are disjo9t$ & 9 a /ate ( activity1 ! blood runs its turbul5t c\rse1 ! position ( ! sleep] causes pressure on c]ta9 limbs1 8 cov]+s influ5ce 8 s5sations 9 v>i\s ways1 ! /oma* dige/s & by its movem5ts x di/urbs o!r organs1 ! inte/9es wri!1 ! position ( ! head occasions unaccu/om$ play ( muscles1 ! feet1 un%od1 n press+ ^u ! floor ) ! soles1 occasion ! feel+ ( ! unaccu/om$ j z does ! diff]5t clo?+ ( ! :ole body3 all ?is1 accord+ to its daily *ange & ext5t1 excites by its extraord9>9ess ! entire sy/em to ! v functions ( ! bra91 & ?us !re are a hundr$ occasions = ! _s to be surpris$ & to seek = ! reasons ( ?is excitation2--! dream1 h[ev]1 is ! seek+ & repres5t+ ( ! causes ( ^? excit$ s5sations1--t is1 ( ! suppos$ causes4 ,a p]son :o1 = in/ance1 b9ds 8 feet ) two /raps w p]haps dream t two s]p5ts are coil+ r\nd 8 feet2 ?is is fir/ hypo!sis1 !n a belief1 ) an accompany+ m5tal picture & int]pretation-- ,^! s]p5ts mu/ be ! causa ( ^? s5sations :i* ,i1 ! sleep]1 exp]i5ce1--s decides ! m9d ( ! sleep]4 ,! imm$iate pa/1 s disclos$1 becomes to him ! pres5t ?r\gh 8 excit$ imag9ation4 ,?us e "o kn[s f exp]i5ce h[ quickly ! dream] weaves into 8 dream a l\d s\nd t he he>s1 su* z ! r++ ( bells or ! fir+ ( cannon1 t is to say1 expla9s x f aft]w>ds s t he fir/ ?9ks he exp]i5ces ! produc+ circum/ances & !n t s\nd4 ,b h[ does x happ5 t ! m9d ( ! dream] is always s mi/ak51 :ile ! same m9d :5 awake is accu/om$ to be s temp]ate1 c>eful1 & sceptical ) reg>d to its hypo!ses8 s t ! fir/ r&om hypo!sis = ! explanation ( a feel+ suffices = him to believe imm$iately 9 its tru?8 7,= 9 dream+ we believe 9 ! dream z if x 7 a reality1 i4e4 we ?9k our hypo!sis completely prov$47 ,i hold1 t z man n[ /ill reasons 9 dreams1 s m5 reason$ also :5 awake ?r\gh ?\s&s ( ye>s2 ! fir/ causa :i* occurr$ to ! m9d to expla9 any?+ t requir$ an explanation1 0 suffici5t & /ood = tru?4 7,?us1 accord+ to travell]s' tales1 savages /ill d to ?is v day47 ,?is anci5t elem5t 9 human nature /ill manife/s itself 9 our dreams1 = x is ! f\ndation ^u :i* ! high] reason has develop$ & /ill develops 9 e individual2 ! dream c>ries u back into remote conditions ( human culture1 & provides a ready means ( und]/&+ !m bett]4 ,dream-?9k+ is n[ s easy to u because dur+ imm5se p]iods ( human developm5t we h be5 s well drill$ 9 ?is =m ( fanta/ic & *eap explanation1 by means ( ! fir/ agreeable notions4 ,9 s f>1 dream+ is a recreation = ! bra91 :i* by day has to satisfy ! /]n dem&s ( ?\ght1 z !y are laid d[n by ! high] culture4 ,we c at once disc]n an alli$ process ev5 9 our awak5$ /ate1 z ! door & ante-room ( ! dream4 ,if we %ut our eyes1 ! bra9 produces a numb] ( impressions ( light & col\r1 probably z a k9d ( aft]-play & e*o ( all ^? effects ( light :i* cr[d 9 ^u x by day4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ! und]/&+1 toge!r ) ! imag9ation1 in/antly works up ?is play ( col\r1 %apeless 9 itself1 into def9ite figures1 =ms1 l&scapes1 & animat$ gr\ps4 ,! actual accompany+ process !reby is aga9 a k9d ( conclusion f ! effect to ! cause3 s9ce ! m9d asks1 ,:5ce come ^! impressions ( light & col\r8 x supposes ^? figures & =ms z causes2 x takes !m = ! orig9 ( ^? col\rs & lights1 because 9 ! daytime1 ) op5 eyes1 x is accu/om$ to f9d a produc+ cause = e col\r1 e effect ( light4 ,"h1 !re=e1 ! imag9ation con/antly places pictures be=e ! m9d1 s9ce x supports itself on ! visual impressions ( ! day 9 _! production1 & ! dream-imag9ation does j ! same ?+1--t is1 ! suppos$ cause is d$uc$ f ! effect & repres5t$ aft] ! effect2 all ?is happ5s ) extraord9>y rapidity1 s t "h1 z ) ! conjuror1 a confusion ( judgm5t may arise & a sequ5ce may look l some?+ simultane\s1 or ev5 l a rev]s$ sequ5ce4 ,f ^! circum/ances we may ga!r h[ lately ! m acute logical ?9k+1 ! /rict discrim9ation ( cause & effect has be5 develop$1 :5 our reason+ & und]/&+ faculties /ill involunt>ily h>k back to ^? primitive =ms ( d$uction1 & :5 we pass ab\t half our life 9 ?is condition4 ,! poet1 too1 & ! arti/ assign causes = _! moods & conditions :i* are by no means ! true ones2 9 ?is !y recall an old] humanity & c assi/ u to ! und]/&+ ( x4 #ad4 ,,co-,,e*o+4--,all /rong] moods br+ ) !m a co-e*o+ ( k9dr$ s5sations & moods1 !y grub up ! memory1 s to speak4 ,along ) !m some?+ )9 u rememb]s & becomes consci\s ( simil> conditions & _! orig94 ,?us !re are =m$ quick habitual connections ( feel+s & ?\ghts1 :i* ev5tually1 :5 !y foll[ ea* o!r ) lightn+ spe$1 are no long] felt z complexes b z unities4 ,9 ?is s5se "o speaks ( ! moral feel+1 ( ! religi\s feel+1 z if !y 7 absolute unities3 9 reality !y are /reams ) a hundr$ s\rces & tribut>ies4 ,"h also1 z s (t5 happ5s1 ! unity ( ! ^w is no security = ! unity ( ! ?+4 #ae4 ,,no ,,int]nal ,,& ,,ext]nal ,,9 ,,! ,,_w4--,z ,democritus transf]r$ ! concepts above & bel[ to endless space :]e !y h no s5se1 s philosoph]s 9 g5]al h transf]r$ ! concepts ,int]nal & ,ext]nal to ! ess5ce & appe>ance ( ! _w2 !y ?9k t ) deep feel+s "o c p5etrate deeply into ! int]nal & approa* ! he>t ( ,nature4 ,b ^! feel+s are only deep 9 s f> z along ) !m1 b>ely noticeable1 c]ta9 complicat$ gr\ps ( ?\ghts1 :i* we call deep1 are regul>ly excit$2 a feel+ is deep because we ?9k t ! accompany+ ?\ght is deep4 ,b ! deep ?\ght c nev]!less be v f> f ! tru?1 z1 = in/ance1 e metaphysical "o2 if "o take away f ! deep feel+ ! comm+l$ elem5ts ( ?\ght1 !n ! /rong feel+ rema9s1 & ?is gu>antees no?+ = k b itself1 j z /rong fai? proves only its /r5g? & n ! tru? ( :at is believ$ 94 #af4 ,,ph5om5on ,,& ,,?+-,,9-,,itself4--,philosoph]s are 9 ! habit ( sett+ !mselves be=e life & exp]i5ce--be=e t :i* !y call ! _w ( appe>ance--z be=e a picture t is once = all unroll$ & exhibits un*angeably fix$ ! same process1--?is process1 !y ?9k1 mu/ be rightly int]pret$ 9 ord] to come to a conclusion ab\t ! be+ t produc$ ! picture3 ab\t ! ?+-9-itself1 !re=e1 :i* is always accu/om$ to be reg>d$ z suffici5t gr\nd = ! _w ( ph5om5on4 ,on ! o!r h&1 s9ce "o always makes ! idea ( ! metaphysical /& def9itely z t ( ! uncondition$1 consequ5tly also uncondition+1 "o mu/ directly dis[n all connection betwe5 ! uncondition$ 7! metaphysical _w7 & ! _w :i* is kn[n to u2 s t ! ?+-9-itself %\ld mo/ c]ta9ly n appe> 9 ! ph5om5on1 & e conclusion f ! =m] z reg>ds ! latt] is to be reject$4 ,bo? sides ov]look ! fact t t picture--t :i* we n[ call human life & exp]i5ce--has gradually evolv$1--nay1 is /ill 9 ! full process ( evolv+1--& !re=e %\ld n be reg>d$ z a fix$ magnitude f :i* a conclusion ab\t its orig9ator might be d$uc$ 7! suffic+ cause7 or ev5 m]ely neglect$4 ,x is because = ?\s&s ( ye>s we h look$ into ! _w ) moral1 /hetic1 & religi\s pret5sions1 ) bl9d incl9ation1 passion1 or fe>1 & h surfeit$ ourselves 9 ! vices ( illogical ?\ght1 t ?is _w has gradually become s m>vell\sly motley1 t]rible1 full ( mean+ & ( s\l1 x has acquir$ col\r--b we 7 ! col\ri/s2 ! human intellect1 on ! basis ( human ne$s1 ( human emotions1 has caus$ ?is ph5om5on to appe> & has c>ri$ its errone\s fundam5tal conceptions into ?+s4 ,late1 v late1 x takes to ?9k+1 & n[ ! _w ( exp]i5ce & ! ?+-9-itself seem to x s extraord9>ily diff]5t & sep>at$1 t x gives up draw+ conclusions f ! =m] to ! latt]--or 9 a t]ribly my/]i\s mann] dem&s ! r5unciation ( our intellect1 ( our p]sonal w1 9 ord] !reby to rea* ! ess5tial1 t "o may become ess5tial4 ,aga91 o!rs h collect$ all ! *>act]i/ic features ( our _w ( ph5om5on1--t is1 ! idea ( ! _w spun out ( intellectual errors & inh]it$ by u1--& in/ead ( accus+ ! intellect z ! (f5d]s1 !y h laid ! blame on ! nature ( ?+s z be+ ! cause ( ! h>d fact ( ?is v s9i/] "* ( ! _w1 & h prea*$ ! deliv]ance f ,be+4 ,) all ^! conceptions ! con/ant & labori\s process ( sci5ce 7:i* at la/ celebrates its greate/ triumph 9 a hi/ory ( ! orig9 ( ?\ght7 becomes complet$ 9 v>i\s ways1 ! result ( :i* might p]haps run z foll[s3--,t :i* we n[ call ! _w is ! result ( a mass ( errors & fantasies :i* arose gradually 9 ! g5]al developm5t ( organic be+1 :i* are int]-gr[n ) ea* o!r1 & are n[ inh]it$ by u z ! accumulat$ treasure ( all ! pa/1--z a treasure1 = ! value ( our humanity dep5ds ^u x4 ,f ?is _w ( repres5tation /rict sci5ce is really only able to lib]ate u to a v slight ext5t--z x is also n at all desirable--inasmu* z x _c ess5tially break ! p[] ( primitive habits ( feel+2 b x c gradually elucidate ! hi/ory ( ! rise ( t _w z repres5tation1--& lift u1 at lea/ = mom5ts1 above & beyond ! :ole process4 ,p]haps we %all !n recognise t ! ?+ 9 itself is wor? a ,hom]ic laugh2 t x seem$ s mu*1 inde$ ev]y?+1 & is really empty1 namely1 empty ( mean+4 #ag4 ,,metaphysical ,,explanations4--,! "y man values metaphysical explanations1 because !y %[ him some?+ highly significant 9 ?+s :i* he f\nd unpleasant or despicable1 & if he is dissatisfi$ ) himself1 ! feel+ becomes light] :5 he recognises ! inn]mo/ _w-puzzle or _w-mis]y 9 t :i* he s /rongly disapproves ( 9 himself4 ,to feel himself less responsible & at ! same "t to f9d ?+s m int]e/+--t seems to him a d\ble b5efit = :i* he has to ?ank metaphysics4 ,lat] on1 c]ta9ly1 he gets di/ru/ful ( ! :ole metaphysical me?od ( explanation2 !n p]haps x gr[s cle> to him t ^? results c be obta9$ equally well & m sci5tifically 9 ano!r way3 t physical & hi/orical explanations produce ! feel+ ( p]sonal relief to at lea/ ! same ext5t1 & t ! int]e/ 9 life & its problems is p]haps /ill m ar\s$ !reby4 #ah4 ,,fundam5tal ,,que/ions ,,( ,,metaphysics4--,:5 ! hi/ory ( ! rise ( ?\ght comes to be writt51 a new light w be ?r[n on ! foll[+ /atem5t ( a di/+ui%$ logician3--,! primordial g5]al law ( ! cognisant subject consi/s 9 ! inn] necessity ( recognis+ e object 9 itself 9 its own nature1 z a ?+ id5tical ) itself1 consequ5tly self-exi/+ & at bottom rema9+ ev] ! same & un*angeable3 9 %ort1 9 recognis+ ev]y?+ z a sub/ance4 ,ev5 ?is law1 :i* is "h call$ primordial1 has evolv$3 x w "s day be %[n h[ gradually ?is t5d5cy arises 9 ! l[] organisms1 h[ ! feeble mole-eyes ( _! organisations at fir/ see only ! same ?+1--2h[ !n1 :5 ! v>i\s awak5+s ( pleasure & displeasure become noticeable1 v>i\s sub/ances are gradually di/+ui%$1 b ea* ) "o attribute1 i4e4 "o s+le relation to su* an organism4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 logic is ! judgm5t1--! nature ( :i*1 accord+ to ! decision ( ! be/ logicians1 consi/s 9 belief4 ,at ! bottom ( all belief lies ! s5sation ( ! pleasant or ! pa9ful 9 relation to ! s5ti5t subject4 ,a new ?ird s5sation z ! result ( two previ\s s+le s5sations is ! judgm5t 9 its simple/ =m4 ,we organic be+s h orig9ally no int]e/ 9 any?+ b its relation to u 9 connection ) pleasure & pa94 ,betwe5 ! mom5ts 7! /ates ( feel+7 :5 we become consci\s ( ?is connection1 lie mom5ts ( re/1 ( non-feel+2 ! _w & ev]y?+ is !n )\t int]e/ = u1 we notice no *ange 9 x 7z ev5 n[ a deeply int]e/$ p]son does n notice :5 any "o passes him74 ,to ! plant1 ?+s are z a rule tranquil & et]nal1 ev]y?+ l itself4 ,f ! p]iod ( ! l[] organisms man has inh]it$ ! belief t simil> ?+s exi/ 7?is !ory is only contradict$ by ! matur$ exp]i5ce ( ! mo/ advanc$ sci5ce74 ,! primordial belief ( ev]y?+ organic f ! beg9n+ is p]haps ev5 ?is1 t all ! re/ ( ! _w is "o & immovable4 ,! po9t fur!/ remov$ f ^? e>ly beg9n+s ( logic is ! idea ( ,causality1--inde$ we /ill really ?9k t all s5sations & activities are acts ( ! free w2 :5 ! s5ti5t individual contemplates himself1 he reg>ds e s5sation1 e alt]ation z some?+ isolat$1 t is to say1 uncondition$ & disconnect$1--x rises up 9 u )\t connection ) any?+ =ego+ or foll[+4 ,we are hungry1 b d n orig9ally ?9k t ! organism mu/ be n\ri%$2 ! feel+ seems to make itself felt )\t cause & purpose1 x isolates itself & reg>ds itself z arbitr>y4 ,!re=e1 belief 9 ! fre$om ( ! w is an orig9al error ( ev]y?+ organic1 z old z ! exi/5ce ( ! awak5+s ( logic 9 x2 ! belief 9 uncondition$ sub/ances & simil> ?+s is equally a primordial z well z an old error ( ev]y?+ organic4 ,b inasmu* z all metaphysics has conc]n$ itself *iefly ) sub/ance & ! fre$om ( w1 x may be designat$ z ! sci5ce :i* treats ( ! fundam5tal errors ( mank9d1 b treats ( !m z if !y 7 fundam5tal tru?s4 #ai4 ,,numb]4--,! discov]y ( ! laws ( numb]s is made ^u ! gr\nd ( ! orig9al1 already prevail+ error1 t !re are _m simil> ?+s 7b 9 reality !re is no?+ simil>71 at lea/1 t !re are ?+s 7b !re is no ?+74 ,! supposition ( plurality always presumes t !re is some?+ :i* appe>s frequ5tly1--b "h already error reigns1 already we imag9e be+s1 unities1 :i* d n exi/4 ,our s5sations ( space & "t are false1 = !y lead--exam9$ 9 sequ5ce--to logical contradictions4 ,9 all sci5tific det]m9ations we always reckon inevitably ) c]ta9 false quantities1 b z ^! quantities are at lea/ con/ant1 z1 = in/ance1 our s5sation ( "t & space1 ! conclusions ( sci5ce h /ill p]fect accuracy & c]ta9ty 9 _! connection ) "o ano!r2 "o may cont9ue to build ^u !m--until t f9al limit :]e ! errone\s orig9al suppositions1 ^? con/ant faults1 come into conflict ) ! conclusions1 = in/ance 9 ! doctr9e ( atoms4 ,!re /ill we always feel ourselves compell$ to ! acceptance ( a ?+ or mat]ial sub-/ratum t is mov$1 :il/ ! :ole sci5tific proc$ure has pursu$ ! v task ( resolv+ ev]y?+ sub/antial 7mat]ial7 into motion2 "h1 too1 we /ill sep>ate ) our s5sation ! mov] & ! mov$ & _c get out ( ?is circle1 because ! belief 9 ?+s has f immemorial times be5 b\nd up ) our be+4 ,:5 ,kant says1 ,! und]/&+ does n d]ive its laws f ,nature1 b dictates !m to h]1 x is p]fectly true ) reg>d to ! idea ( ,nature :i* we are compell$ to associate ) h] 7,nature ,_w z repres5tation1 t is to say z error71 b :i* is ! summ+ up ( a numb] ( errors ( ! und]/&+4 ,! laws ( numb]s are entirely inapplicable to a _w :i* is n our repres5tation--^! laws obta9 only 9 ! human _w4 #bj4 ,a ,,few ,,/eps ,,back4--,a degree ( culture1 & assur$ly a v high "o1 is atta9$ :5 man rises above sup]/iti\s & religi\s notions & fe>s1 &1 = in/ance1 no long] believes 9 gu>dian angels or 9 orig9al s91 & has also ceas$ to talk ( ! salvation ( 8 s\l1--if he has atta9$ to ?is degree ( fre$om1 he has /ill also to ov]come metaphysics ) ! greate/ ex]tion ( 8 intellig5ce4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 a retrogressive movem5t is necess>y2 he mu/ und]/& ! hi/orical ju/ification z well z ! psy*ological 9 su* repres5tations1 he mu/ recognise h[ ! greate/ advancem5t ( humanity has come !refrom1 & h[1 )\t su* a retrocursive movem5t1 we %\ld h be5 robb$ ( ! be/ products ( hi!rto exi/+ mank9d4 ,) reg>d to philosophical metaphysics1 ,i always see increas+ numb]s :o h atta9$ to ! negative goal 7t all positive metaphysics is error71 b z yet few :o climb a few rungs backw>ds2 "o ought to look out1 p]haps1 ov] ! la/ /eps ( ! ladd]1 b n try to /& ^u !m4 ,! mo/ enlight5$ only succe$ s f> z to free !mselves f metaphysics & look back ^u x ) sup]iority1 :ile x is necess>y "h1 too1 z 9 ! hippodrome1 to turn r\nd ! end ( ! c\rse4 #ba4 ,,conjectural ,,victory ,,( ,,scepticism4--,= once let ! sceptical />t+-po9t be accept$1--grant$ t !re 7 no o!r metaphysical _w1 & all explanations drawn f metaphysics ab\t ! only _w we "k 7 useless to u1 9 :at light %\ld we !n look ^u m5 & ?+s8 ,we c ?9k ?is out = ourselves1 x is useful1 ev5 ?\gh ! "q :e!r any?+ metaphysical has be5 sci5tifically prov$ by ,kant & ,s*op5hau] 7 altoge!r set aside4 ,= x is q possible1 accord+ to hi/orical probability1 t "s "t or o!r man1 z a g5]al rule1 may gr[ sceptical2 ! "q w !n be ?is3 ,:at =m w human society take "u ! influ5ce ( su* a mode ( ?\ght8 ,p]haps ! sci5tific pro( ( "s metaphysical _w or o!r is already s difficult t mank9d w nev] get rid ( a c]ta9 di/ru/ ( x4 ,& :5 !re is di/ru/ ( metaphysics1 !re are on ! :ole ! same results z if x _h be5 directly refut$ & c\ld no long] be believ$ 94 ,! hi/orical "q ) reg>d to an unmetaphysical frame ( m9d 9 mank9d rema9s ! same 9 bo? cases4 #bb4 ,,unbelief ,,9 ,,! ,,monum5tum ,,re ,,p]5nius4--,an actual drawback :i* accompanies ! cessation ( metaphysical views lies 9 ! fact t ! individual looks ^u 8 %ort span ( life too exclusively & receives no /rong] inc5tives to build durable in/itutions int5d$ to la/ = c5turies1--he himself wi%es to pluck ! fruit f ! tree :i* he plants1 & !re=e he no long] plants ^? trees :i* require regul> c>e = c5turies1 & :i* are de/9$ to af=d %ade to a long s]ies ( g5]ations4 ,= metaphysical views furni% ! belief t 9 !m ! la/ conclusive f\ndation has be5 giv51 ^u :i* h5ce=? all ! future ( mank9d is compell$ to settle d[n & e/abli% itself2 ! individual fur!rs 8 salvation1 :51 = in/ance1 he f\nds a *ur* or conv5t1 he ?9ks x w be reckon$ to him & recomp5s$ to him 9 ! et]nal life ( ! s\l1 x is "w = ! s\l's et]nal salvation4 ,c sci5ce also ar\se su* fai? 9 its results8 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x ne$s d\bt & di/ru/ z its mo/ fai?ful auxili>ies2 nev]!less 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ! sum ( inviolable tru?s--^?1 namely1 :i* h wea!r$ all ! /orms ( scepticism1 & all de/ructive analysis--may h become s great 79 ! regim5 ( heal?1 = in/ance71 t "o may det]m9e to f\nd !reupon et]nal works4 ,= ! pres5t ! contra/ betwe5 our excit$ ephem]al exi/5ce & ! long-w9d$ repose ( metaphysical ages /ill op]ates too /rongly1 because ! two ages /ill /& too closely toge!r2 ! individual man himself n[ goes ?r\gh too _m inw>d & outw>d developm5ts = him to v5ture to arrange 8 own lifetime p]man5tly1 & once & = all4 ,an entirely mod]n man1 = in/ance1 :o is go+ to build himself a h\se1 has a feel+ z if he 7 go+ to immure himself alive 9 a mausoleum4 #bc4 ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,comp>ison4--,! less m5 are fett]$ by tradition1 ! great] becomes ! inw>d activity ( _! motives2 ! great]1 aga91 9 proportion !reto1 ! outw>d re/lessness1 ! confus$ flux ( mank9d1 ! polyphony ( /riv+s4 ,= :om is !re /ill an absolute compulsion to b9d himself & 8 desc5dants to "o place8 ,= :om is !re /ill any?+ /rictly compulsory8 ,z all /yles ( arts are imitat$ simultane\sly1 s also are all grades & k9ds ( morality1 ( cu/oms1 ( cultures4 ,su* an age obta9s its importance because 9 x ! v>i\s views ( ! _w1 cu/oms1 & cultures c be comp>$ & exp]i5c$ simultane\sly1--:i* 0 =m]ly n possible ) ! always localis$ sway ( e culture1 correspond+ to ! root+ ( all arti/ic /yles 9 place & "t4 ,an increas$ /hetic feel+ w n[ at la/ decide among/ s _m =ms pres5t+ !mselves = comp>ison2 x w all[ ! great] numb]1 t is to say all ^? reject$ by x1 to die out4 ,9 ! same way a selection among/ ! =ms & cu/oms ( ! high] moralities is tak+ place1 ( :i* ! aim c be no?+ else ?an ! d[nfall ( ! l[] moralities4 ,x is ! age ( comp>ison6 ,t is its pride1 b m ju/ly also its grief4 ,let u n be afraid ( ?is grief6 ,r w we compreh5d z adequately z possible ! task our age sets u3 po/]ity w bless u = do+ s1--a po/]ity :i* kn[s itself to be z mu* above ! t]m9at$ orig9al national cultures z above ! culture ( comp>ison1 b :i* looks back ) gratitude on bo? k9ds ( culture z ^u antiquities wor?y ( v5]ation4 #bd4 ,,! ,,possibility ,,( ,,progress4--,:5 a s*ol> ( ! anci5t culture =swe>s ! company ( m5 :o believe 9 progress1 he does q "r4 ,= ! greatness & goodness ( anci5t culture lie beh9d x1 & hi/orical education compels "o to admit t !y c nev] be fre% aga92 an unbe>able /upidity or an equally insuff]able fanaticism w\ld be necess>y to d5y ?is4 ,b m5 c consci\sly resolve to develop !mselves t[>ds a new culture2 :il/ =m]ly !y only develop$ unconsci\sly & by *ance1 !y c n[ create bett] conditions = ! rise ( human be+s1 = _! n\ri%m5t1 education & in/ruction2 !y c adm9i/] ! e>? economically z a :ole1 & c g5]ally weigh & re/ra9 ! p[]s ( man4 ,?is new1 consci\s culture kills ! old1 :i*1 reg>d$ z a :ole1 has l$ an unconsci\s animal & plant life2 x also kills di/ru/ 9 progress1--progress is possible4 ,i mu/ say t x is ov]-ha/y & almo/ nons5sical to believe t progress mu/ necess>ily foll[2 b h[ c\ld "o d5y t x is possible8 ,on ! o!r h&1 progress 9 ! s5se & on ! pa? ( ! old culture is n ev5 ?9kable4 ,ev5 if romantic fantasy has also con/antly us$ ! ^w progress to d5ote its aims 7= in/ance1 circumscrib$ primitive national cultures71 x borr[s ! picture ( x 9 any case f ! pa/2 its ?\ghts & ideas on ?is subject are entirely )\t orig9ality4 #be4 ,,private ,,& ,,cum5ical ,,morality4--,s9ce ! belief has ceas$ t a ,god directs 9 g5]al ! fate ( ! _w &1 9 spite ( all app>5t crook$ness 9 ! pa? ( humanity1 leads x on glori\sly1 m5 !mselves mu/ set !mselves cum5ical aims embrac+ ! :ole e>?4 ,! old] morality1 especially t ( ,kant1 requir$ f ! individual actions :i* 7 desir$ f all m51--t 0 a delightfully nave ?+1 z if ea* "o knew (f-h& :at c\rse ( action 0 b5eficial to ! :ole ( humanity1 & consequ5tly :i* actions 9 g5]al 7 desirable2 x is a !ory l t ( free trade1 tak+ = grant$ t ! g5]al h>mony mu/ result ( itself accord+ to innate laws ( amelioration4 ,p]haps a future contemplation ( ! ne$s ( humanity w %[ t x is by no means desirable t all m5 %\ld act alike2 9 ! int]e/ ( cum5ical aims x might r be t = :ole sections ( mank9d1 special1 & p]haps "u c]ta9 circum/ances ev5 evil1 tasks w\ld h to be set4 ,9 any case1 if mank9d is n to de/roy itself by su* a consci\s univ]sal rule1 !re mu/ previ\sly be f\nd1 z a sci5tific /&>d = cum5ical aims1 a k ( ! conditions ( culture sup]ior to :at has hi!rto be5 atta9$4 ,h]e9 lies ! enorm\s task ( ! great m9ds ( ! next c5tury4 #bf4 ,,reaction ,,z ,,progress4--,n[ & aga9 !re appe> rugg$1 p[]ful1 impetu\s1 b nev]!less backw>d-lagg+ m9ds :i* conjure up once m a pa/ phase ( mank9d2 !y s]ve to prove t ! new t5d5cies aga9/ :i* !y are work+ are n yet suffici5tly /rong1 t !y /ill lack some?+1 o!rwise !y w\ld %[ bett] opposition to ^? exorcis]s4 ,?us1 = example1 ,lu!r's ,re=mation be>s witness to ! fact t 9 8 c5tury all ! movem5ts ( ! fre$om ( ! _s 7 /ill unc]ta91 t5d]1 & y\?ful2 sci5ce c\ld n yet lift up its head4 ,inde$ ! :ole ,r5aissance seems l an e>ly spr+ :i* is almo/ sn[$ "u aga94 ,b 9 ?is c5tury also1 ,s*op5hau]'s ,metaphysics %[$ t ev5 n[ ! sci5tific _s is n yet /rong en\gh2 ?us ! :ole m$ival ,*ri/ian view ( ! _w & human feel+ c\ld celebrate its resurrection 9 ,s*op5hau]'s doctr9e1 9 spite ( ! long a*iev$ de/ruction ( all ,*ri/ian dogmas4 ,!re is mu* sci5ce 9 8 doctr9e1 b x does n dom9ate x3 x is r ! old well-kn[n metaphysical requirem5t t does s4 ,x is c]ta9ly "o ( ! greate/ & q invaluable advantages :i* we ga9 f ,s*op5hau]1 t he occasionally =ces our s5sations back into old]1 mighti] modes ( contemplat+ ! _w & man1 to :i* no o!r pa? w\ld s easily lead u4 ,! ga9 to hi/ory & ju/ice is v great1--,i d n ?9k t any "o w\ld s easily succe$ n[ 9 do+ ju/ice to ,*ri/ianity & its ,asiatic relations )\t ,s*op5hau]'s assi/ance1 :i* is specially impossible f ! basis ( /ill exi/+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,only aft] ?is great success ( ju/ice1 only aft] we h correct$ s ess5tial a po9t z ! hi/orical mode ( contemplation :i* ! age ( enlight5m5t br\ght ) x1 may we aga9 be> onw>d ! bann] ( enlight5m5t1 ! bann] ) ! ?ree names1 ,petr>*1 ,erasmus1 ,voltaire4 ,we h turn$ reaction into progress4 #bg4 ,a ,,sub/itute ,,= ,,religion4--,x is believ$ t some?+ good is said ( philosophy :5 x is put =w>d z a sub/itute = religion = ! p4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 9 ! spiritual economy !re is ne$1 at times1 ( an int]m$i>y ord] ( ?\ght3 ! transition f religion to sci5tific contemplation is a viol5t1 dang]\s leap1 :i* is n to be recomm5d$4 ,to ?is ext5t ! recomm5dation is ju/ifiable4 ,b "o %\ld ev5tually le>n t ! ne$s :i* h be5 satisfi$ by religion & are n[ to be satisfi$ by philosophy are n un*angeable2 ^! !mselves c be weak5$ & eradicat$4 ,?9k1 = in/ance1 ( ! ,*ri/ian's di/ress ( s\l1 8 sigh+ ov] inw>d corruption1 8 anxiety = salvation1--all notions :i* orig9ate only 9 errors ( reason & des]ve n satisfaction b de/ruction4 ,a philosophy c s]ve ei!r to satisfy ^? ne$s or to set !m aside2 = !y are acquir$1 temporally limit$ ne$s1 :i* are bas$ ^u suppositions contradictory to ^? ( sci5ce4 ,"h1 9 ord] to make a transition1 art is f> r to be employ$ to relieve ! m9d ov]burd5$ ) emotions2 = ^? notions receive mu* less support f x ?an f a metaphysical philosophy4 ,x is easi]1 !n1 to pass ov] f art to a really lib]at+ philosophical sci5ce4 #bh4 ,,ill-,,fam$ ,,words4--,away ) ^? we>isomely hackney$ t]ms ,optimism & ,pessimism6 ,= ! occasion = us+ !m becomes less & less f day to day2 only ! *att]boxes /ill f9d !m s absolutely necess>y4 ,= :y 9 all ! _w %\ld any "o wi% to be an optimi/ unless he _h a ,god to def5d :o mu/ h creat$ ! be/ ( worlds if he himself be goodness & p]fection1--:at ?9k]1 h[ev]1 /ill ne$s ! hypo!sis ( a ,god8 ,b e occasion = a pessimi/ic confession ( fai? is also lack+ :5 "o has no int]e/ 9 be+ annoy$ at ! advocates ( ,god 7! !ologians1 or ! !ologis+ philosoph]s71 & 9 en]getically def5d+ ! opposite view1 t evil reigns1 t pa9 is great] ?an pleasure1 t ! _w is a bungl$ piece ( "w1 ! manife/ation ( an ill-w to life4 ,b :o /ill bo!rs ab\t ! !ologians n[--except ! !ologians8 ,ap>t f all !ology & its cont5tions1 x is q cle> t ! _w is n good & n bad 7to say no?+ ( its be+ ! be/ or ! wor/71 & t ! t]ms good & bad h only significance ) respect to man1 & inde$1 p]haps1 !y are n ju/ifi$ ev5 "h 9 ! way !y are usually employ$2 9 any case we mu/ get rid ( bo? ! calumniat+ & ! glorify+ conception ( ! _w4 #bi4 ,,intoxicat$ ,,by ,,! ,,sc5t ,,( ,,! ,,blossoms4--,x is suppos$ t ! %ip ( humanity has always a deep] draught1 ! heavi] x is lad52 x is believ$ t ! deep] a man ?9ks1 ! m delicately he feels1 ! high] he values himself1 ! great] 8 di/ance f ! o!r animals1--! m he appe>s z a g5ius among/ ! animals1--all ! ne>] w he approa* ! real ess5ce ( ! _w & its k2 ?is he actually does too1 ?r\gh sci5ce1 b he means to d s /ill m ?r\gh 8 religions & arts4 ,^! c]ta9ly are blossoms ( ! _w1 b by no means any ne>] to ! root ( ! _w ?an ! /alk2 x is n possible to und]/& ! nature ( ?+s bett] ?r\gh !m1 al?\gh almo/ e "o believes he c4 ,error has made man s deep1 s5sitive1 & inv5tive t he has put =? su* blossoms z religions & arts4 ,pure k c\ld n h be5 capable ( x4 ,:oev] 7 to unveil = u ! ess5ce ( ! _w w\ld give u all ! mo/ disagreeable disillusionm5t4 ,n ! _w z ?+-9-itself1 b ! _w z repres5tation 7z error7 is s full ( mean+1 s deep1 s wond]ful1 be>+ happ9ess & unhapp9ess 9 its bosom4 ,?is result leads to a philosophy ( ! logical d5ial ( ! _w1 :i*1 h[ev]1 c be comb9$ ) a practical _w-affirm+ j z well z ) its opposite4 #cj4 ,,bad ,,habits ,,9 ,,reason+4--,! usual false conclusions ( mank9d are ^!3 a ?+ exi/s1 !re=e x has a "r to exi/4 ,"h !re is inf]5ce f ! ability to live to its suitability2 f its suitability to its rightfulness4 ,!n3 an op9ion br+s happ9ess2 !re=e x is ! true op9ion4 ,its effect is good2 !re=e x is itself good & true4 ,to ! effect is "h assign$ ! pr$icate b5efic5t1 good1 9 ! s5se ( ! useful1 & ! cause is !n furni%$ ) ! same pr$icate good1 b "h 9 ! s5se ( ! logically valid4 ,! inv]sion ( ! s5t5ces w\ld read ?us3 an affair _c be c>ri$ ?r\gh1 or ma9ta9$1 !re=e x is wrong2 an op9ion causes pa9 or excites1 !re=e x is false4 ,! free _s :o le>ns only too (t5 ! fault9ess ( ?is mode ( reason+1 & has to suff] f its consequ5ces1 frequ5tly gives way to ! temptation to draw ! v opposite conclusions1 :i*1 9 g5]al1 are naturally j z false3 an affair _c be c>ri$ ?r\gh1 !re=e x is good2 an op9ion is di/ress+ & di/urb+1 !re=e x is true4 #ca4 ,,! ,,illogical ,,necess>y4--,"o ( ^? ?+s t may drive a ?9k] into despair is ! recognition ( ! fact t ! illogical is necess>y = man1 & t out ( ! illogical comes mu* t is good4 ,x is s firmly root$ 9 ! passions1 9 language1 9 art1 9 religion1 & g5]ally 9 ev]y?+ t gives value to life1 t x _c be )drawn )\t !reby hopelessly injur+ ^! beautiful ?+s4 ,x is only ! all-too-nave p :o c believe t ! nature ( man c be *ang$ into a purely logical "o2 b if !re 7 degrees ( proximity to ?is goal1 h[ _m ?+s w\ld n h to be lo/ on ?is c\rse6 ,ev5 ! mo/ rational man has ne$ ( nature aga9 f "t to "t1 i4e4 8 illogical fundam5tal attitude t[>ds all ?+s4 #cb4 ,,inju/ice ,,necess>y4--,all judgm5ts on ! value ( life are illogically develop$1 & !re=e unju/4 ,! inexactitude ( ! judgm5t lies1 fir/ly1 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! mat]ial is pres5t$1 namely v imp]fectly2 secondly1 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! conclusion is =m$ out ( x2 & ?irdly1 9 ! fact t e sep>ate elem5t ( ! mat]ial is aga9 ! result ( vitiat$ recognition1 & ?is1 too1 ( necessity4 ,= in/ance1 no exp]i5ce ( an individual1 h[ev] ne> he may /& to u1 c be p]fect1 s t we c\ld h a logical "r to make a complete e/imate ( him2 all e/imates are ra%1 & mu/ be s4 ,f9ally1 ! /&>d by :i* we measure1 our nature1 is n ( unalt]able dim5sions1--we h moods & vacillations1 & yet we %\ld h to recognise ourselves z a fix$ /&>d 9 ord] to e/imate correctly ! relation ( any ?+ :atev] to ourselves4 ,f ?is x w1 p]haps1 foll[ t we %\ld make no judgm5ts at all2 if "o c\ld only live )\t mak+ e/imations1 )\t hav+ likes & dislikes6 ,= all dislike is connect$ ) an e/imation1 z well z all incl9ation4 ,an impulse t[>ds or away f any?+ )\t a feel+ t some?+ advantage\s is desir$1 some?+ injuri\s avoid$1 an impulse )\t any k9d ( consci\s valuation ( ! wor? ( ! aim does n exi/ 9 man4 ,we are f ! beg9n+ illogical1 & !re=e unju/ be+s1 & c recognise ?is2 x is "o ( ! greate/ & mo/ inexplicable discords ( exi/5ce4 #cc4 ,,error ,,ab\t ,,life ,,necess>y ,,= ,,life4--,e belief 9 ! value & wor?9ess ( life is bas$ on vitiat$ ?\ght2 x is only possible ?r\gh ! fact t sympa?y = ! g5]al life & suff]+ ( mank9d is v weakly develop$ 9 ! individual4 ,ev5 ! r>] p :o ?9k outside !mselves d n contemplate ?is g5]al life1 b only a limit$ "p ( x4 ,if "o und]/&s h[ to direct "o's att5tion *iefly to ! exceptions1--,i mean to ! highly gift$ & ! ri* s\ls1--if "o reg>ds ! production ( ^! z ! aim ( ! :ole _w-developm5t & rejoices 9 its op]ation1 !n "o may believe 9 ! value ( life1 because "o !reby ov]looks ! o!r m5--"o consequ5tly ?9ks fallaci\sly4 ,s too1 :5 "o directs "o's att5tion to all mank9d1 b only consid]s "o species ( impulses 9 !m1 ! less egoi/ical ones1 & excuses !m ) reg>d to ! o!r in/9cts1 "o may !n aga9 ent]ta9 hopes ( mank9d 9 g5]al & believe s f> 9 ! value ( life1 consequ5tly 9 ?is case also ?r\gh fallaci\sness ( ?\ght4 ,let "o1 h[ev]1 behave 9 ?is or t mann]3 ) su* behavi\r "o is an exception among/ m54 ,n[1 mo/ p be> life )\t any consid]able grumbl+1 & consequ5tly believe 9 ! value ( exi/5ce1 b precisely because ea* "o is solely self-seek+ & self-affirm+1 & does n /ep out ( himself l ^? exceptions2 ev]y?+ extra-p]sonal is imp]ceptible to !m1 or at mo/ seems only a fa9t %ad[4 ,!re=e on ?is alone is bas$ ! value ( life = ! ord9>y ev]yday man1 t he reg>ds himself z m important ?an ! _w4 ,! great lack ( imag9ation f :i* he suff]s is ! reason :y he _c ent] into ! feel+s ( o!r be+s1 & !re=e sympa?ises z little z possible ) _! fate & suff]+4 ,he1 on ! o!r h&1 :o really c\ld sympa?ise !re)1 w\ld h to despair ( ! value ( life2 7 he to succe$ 9 compreh5d+ & feel+ 9 himself ! g5]al consci\sness ( mank9d1 he w\ld collapse ) a curse on exi/5ce2 = mank9d z a :ole has no goals1 consequ5tly man1 9 consid]+ 8 :ole c\rse1 _c f9d 9 x 8 com=t & support1 b 8 despair4 ,if1 9 all t he does1 he consid]s ! f9al aimlessness ( man1 8 own activity assumes 9 8 eyes ! "* ( wa/efulness4 ,b to feel "o's self j z mu* wa/$ z humanity 7& n only z an individual7 z we see ! s+le blossom ( nature wa/$1 is a feel+ above all o!r feel+s4 ,b :o is capable ( x8 ,assur$ly only a poet1 & poets always "k h[ to console !mselves4 #cd4 ,,= ,,tranquillity4--,b does n our philosophy ?us become a trag$y8 ,does n tru? become ho/ile to life1 to improvem5t8 ,a "q seems to weigh ^u our tongue & yet hesitate to make itself he>d3 :e!r "o c consci\sly rema9 9 untru?fulness8 or1 suppos+ "o 7 oblig$ to d ?is1 w\ld n dea? be pref]able8 ,= !re is no long] any mu/2 morality1 9 s f> z x _h any mu/ or %alt1 has be5 de/roy$ by our mode ( contemplation1 j z religion has be5 de/roy$4 ,k c only all[ pleasure & pa91 b5efit & injury to subsi/ z motives2 b h[ w ^! motives agree ) ! s5se ( tru?8 ,!y also conta9 errors 7=1 z already said1 incl9ation & av]sion1 & _! v incorrect det]m9ations1 practically regulate our pleasure & pa974 ,! :ole ( human life is deeply imm]s$ 9 untru?fulness2 ! individual _c draw x up out ( ?is well1 )\t !reby tak+ a deep dislike to 8 :ole pa/1 )\t f9d+ 8 pres5t motives--^? ( hon\r1 = in/ance--inconsi/5t1 & )\t oppos+ scorn & disda9 to ! passions :i* conduce to happ9ess 9 ! future4 ,is x true t !re rema9s b "o sole way ( ?9k+ :i* br+s aft] x despair z a p]sonal exp]i5ce1 z a !oretical result1 a philosophy ( dissolution1 dis9tegration1 & self-de/ruction8 ,i believe t ! decision ) reg>d to ! aft]-effects ( ! k w be giv5 ?r\gh ! temp]am5t ( a man2 ,i c\ld imag9e ano!r aft]-effect1 j z well z t "o describ$1 :i* is possible 9 c]ta9 natures1 by means ( :i* a life w\ld arise mu* simpl]1 fre] f emotions ?an is ! pres5t "o1 s t ?\gh at fir/1 inde$1 ! old motives ( passionate desire might /ill h /r5g? f old h]$it>y habit1 !y w\ld gradually become weak] "u ! influ5ce--( purify+ k4 ,"o w\ld live at la/ among/ m51 & ) "o's self z ) ,nature1 )\t praise1 reproa*1 or agitation1 fea/+ "o's eyes1 z if x 7 a play1 ^u mu* ( :i* "o 0 =m]ly afraid4 ,"o w\ld be free f ! emphasis1 & w\ld no long] feel ! goad+1 ( ! ?\ght t "o is n only nature or m ?an nature4 ,c]ta9ly1 z already rem>k$1 a good temp]am5t w\ld be necess>y = ?is1 an ev51 mild1 & naturally joy\s s\l1 a disposition :i* w\ld n always ne$ to be on its gu>d aga9/ spite & sudd5 outbreaks1 & w\ld n convey 9 its utt]ances any?+ ( a grumbl+ or sudd5 nature1--^? well-kn[n vexati\s qualities ( old dogs & m5 :o h be5 long *a9$ up4 ,on ! contr>y1 a man f :om ! ord9>y fett]s ( life h s f> fall5 t he cont9ues to live only = ! sake ( ev] bett] k mu/ be able to r5\nce )\t envy & regret3 mu*1 inde$ almo/ ev]y?+ t is preci\s to o!r m51 he mu/ reg>d z ! all-suffic+ & ! mo/ desirable condition2 ! free1 fe>less so>+ ov] m51 cu/oms1 laws1 & ! traditional valuations ( ?+s4 ,! joy ( ?is condition he imp>ts will+ly1 & he has p]haps no?+ else to imp>t1--:]e91 to be sure1 !re is m privation & r5unciation4 ,if1 nev]!less1 m is dem&$ f him1 he w po9t ) a fri5dly %ake ( 8 head to 8 bro!r1 ! free man ( action1 & w p]haps n conceal a little d]ision1 = z reg>ds ?is fre$om x is a v peculi> case4 ,,second ,,division4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,s5tim5ts4 #ce4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,psy*ological ,,obs]vation4--,t reflection on ! human1 all-too-human--or1 accord+ to ! le>n$ expression1 psy*ological obs]vation--is "o ( ! means by :i* "o may light5 ! burd5 ( life1 t ex]cise 9 ?is art produces pres5ce ( m9d 9 difficult circum/ances1 9 ! mid/ ( tiresome surr\nd+s1 ev5 t f ! mo/ ?orny & unpleasant p]iods ( "o's own life "o may ga!r maxims & !reby feel a little bett]3 all ?is 0 believ$1 0 kn[n 9 =m] c5turies4 ,:y 0 x =gott5 by our c5tury1 :5 9 ,g]many at lea/1 ev5 9 all ,europe1 ! pov]ty ( psy*ological obs]vation betrays itself by _m signs8 ,n exactly 9 novels1 tales1 & philosophical treatises1--!y are ! "w ( exceptional individuals1--r 9 ! judgm5ts on public ev5ts & p]sonalities2 b above all !re is a lack ( ! art ( psy*ological analysis & summ+-up 9 e rank ( society1 9 :i* a great deal is talk$ ab\t m51 b no?+ ab\t man4 ,:y d we all[ ! ri*e/ & mo/ h>mless subject ( conv]sation to escape u8 ,:y are n ! great ma/]s ( psy*ological maxims m read8 ,=1 )\t any exagg]ation1 ! educat$ man 9 ,europe :o has read ,la ,ro*ef\cauld & 8 k9dr$ 9 m9d & art1 is r>ely f\nd1 & /ill m r>e is he :o kn[s !m & does n blame !m4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ev5 ?is exceptional read] w f9d mu* less pleasure 9 !m ?an ! =m ( ?is arti/ %\ld af=d him2 = ev5 ! cle>e/ head is n capable ( rightly e/imat+ ! art ( %ap+ & poli%+ maxims unless he has really be5 br\ght up to x & has compet$ 9 x4 ,)\t ?is practical tea*+ "o deems ?is %ap+ & poli%+ to be easi] ?an x is2 "o has n a suffici5t p]ception ( fitness & *>m4 ,= ?is reason ! pres5t read]s ( maxims f9d 9 !m a comp>atively small pleasure1 h>dly a m\?ful ( pleasantness1 s t !y resemble ! p :o g5]ally look at cameos1 :o praise because !y _c love1 & are v ready to admire1 b /ill m ready to run away4 #cf4 ,,objection4--,or %\ld !re be a c\nt]-reckon+ to t !ory t places psy*ological obs]vation among/ ! means ( *>m+1 cur+1 & reliev+ exi/5ce8 ,%\ld "o h suffici5tly conv9c$ "o's self ( ! unpleasant consequ5ces ( ?is art to div]t f x design$ly ! att5tion ( him :o is educat+ himself 9 x8 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a c]ta9 bl9d belief 9 ! goodness ( human nature1 an innate av]sion to ! analysis ( human actions1 a k9d ( %ame-fac$ness ) respect to ! nak$ness ( ! s\l may really be m desirable = ! g5]al well-be+ ( a man ?an t quality1 useful 9 isolat$ cases1 ( psy*ological %>p-sight$ness2 & p]haps ! belief 9 goodness1 9 virtu\s m5 & de$s1 9 an abundance ( imp]sonal goodwill 9 ! _w1 has made m5 bett] inasmu* z x has made !m less di/ru/ful4 ,:5 "o imitates ,plut>*'s h]oes ) en?usiasm1 & turns ) disgu/ f a suspici\s exam9ation ( ! motives = _! actions1 x is n tru? :i* b5efits !reby1 b ! welf>e ( human society2 ! psy*ological mi/ake &1 g5]ally speak+1 ! ins5sibility on ?is matt] helps humanity =w>ds1 :ile ! recognition ( tru? ga9s m ?r\gh ! /imulat+ p[] ( hypo!sis ?an ,la ,ro*ef\cauld has said 9 8 preface to ! fir/ edition ( 8 ,s5t5ces et maximes morales4 444 ,ce que le monde nomme v]tu n'e/ d'ord9aire qu'un fantme =m p> nos passions1 qui on donne un nom honnte p\r faire impunm5t ce qu'on veut4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld & ^? o!r ,fr5* ma/]s ( s\l-exam9ation :o h lately be5 jo9$ by a ,g]man1 ! au?or ( ,psy*ological ,obs]vations#a resemble good m>ksm5 :o aga9 & aga9 hit ! bull's-eye2 b x is ! bull's-eye ( human nature4 ,_! art ar\ses a/oni%m5t2 b 9 ! end a spectator :o is n l$ by ! _s ( sci5ce1 b by humane int5tions1 w probably execrate an art :i* appe>s to implant 9 ! s\l ! s5se ( ! disp>agem5t & suspicion ( mank9d4 #cg4 ,,nev]!less4--,h[ev] x may be ) reckon+ & c\nt]-reckon+1 9 ! pres5t condition ( philosophy ! awak5+ ( moral obs]vation is necess>y4 ,humanity c no long] be sp>$ ! cruel sight ( ! psy*ological dissect+-table ) its knives & =ceps4 ,= "h rules t sci5ce :i* inquires into ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ! s-call$ moral s5tim5ts1 & :i*1 9 its progress1 has to draw up & solve complicat$ sociological problems3--! old] philosophy kn[s ! latt] "o n at all1 & has always avoid$ ! exam9ation ( ! orig9 & hi/ory ( moral s5tim5ts on any feeble pretext4 ,) :at consequ5ces x is n[ v easy to see1 aft] x has be5 %[n by _m examples h[ ! mi/akes ( ! greate/ philosoph]s g5]ally h _! />t+-po9t 9 a wrong explanation ( c]ta9 human actions & s5sations1 j z on ! gr\nd ( an errone\s analysis--= in/ance1 t ( ! s-call$ unselfi% actions a false e?ic is built up2 !n1 to h>monise ) ?is aga91 religion & my?ological confusion are br\ght 9 to assi/1 & f9ally ! %ades ( ^! dismal spirits fall also ov] physics & ! g5]al mode ( reg>d+ ! _w4 ,if x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t sup]ficiality 9 psy*ological obs]vation has laid1 & /ill lays1 ! mo/ dang]\s sn>es = human judgm5ts & conclusions1 !n !re is ne$ n[ ( t endurance ( "w :i* does n gr[ we>y ( pil+ /one ^u /one1 pebble on pebble2 !re is ne$ ( c\rage n to be a%am$ ( su* humble "w & to turn a deaf e> to scorn4 ,& ?is is also true1--numb]less s+le obs]vations on ! human & all-too-human h fir/ be5 discov]$1 & giv5 utt]ance to1 9 circles ( society :i* 7 accu/om$ to (f] sacrifice !re) to a clev] desire to please1 & n to sci5tific k1--& ! od\r ( t old home ( ! moral maxim1 a v s$uctive od\r1 has atta*$ itself almo/ insep>ably to ! :ole species1 s t on its acc\nt ! sci5tific man involunt>ily betrays a c]ta9 di/ru/ ( ?is species & its e>ne/ness4 ,b x is suffici5t to po9t to ! consequ5ces1 = already x beg9s to be se5 :at results ( a s]i\s k9d spr+ f ! gr\nd ( psy*ological obs]vation4 ,:at1 aft] all1 is ! pr9cipal axiom to :i* ! bolde/ & colde/ ?9k]1 ! au?or ( ! book ,on ! ,orig9 ( ,moral ,s5sations#b has atta9$ by means ( 8 incisive & decisive analyses ( human actions8 ,! moral man1 he says1 is no ne>] to ! intelligible 7metaphysical7 _w ?an is ! physical man4 ,?is !ory1 h>d5$ & %>p5$ "u ! hamm]-bl[ ( hi/orical k1 may "s "t or o!r1 p]haps 9 "s future p]iod1 s]ve z ! axe :i* is appli$ to ! root ( ! metaphysical ne$ ( man1--:e!r m z a bless+ ?an a curse to ! g5]al welf>e x is n easy to say1 b 9 any case z a !ory ) ! mo/ important consequ5ces1 at once fruitful & t]rible1 & look+ into ! _w ) t ,janus-face :i* all great k possesses4 #ch4 ,,h[ ,,f> ,,useful4--,x mu/ rema9 = ev] undecid$ :e!r psy*ological obs]vation is advantage\s or disadvantage\s to man2 b x is c]ta9 t x is necess>y1 because sci5ce _c d )\t x4 ,sci5ce1 h[ev]1 has no consid]ation = ultimate purposes1 any m ?an ,nature has1 b j z ! latt] occasionally a*ieves ?+s ( ! greate/ suitabl5ess )\t int5d+ to d s1 s also true sci5ce1 z ! imitator ( nature 9 ideas1 w occasionally & 9 _m ways fur!r ! usefulness & welf>e ( man1--b also )\t int5d+ to d s4 ,b :oev] feels too *ill$ by ! brea? ( su* a reflection has p]haps too little fire 9 himself2 let him look ar\nd him mean:ile & he w become aw>e ( illnesses :i* h ne$ ( ice-p\ltices1 & ( m5 :o are s knead$ toge!r ( heat & _s t !y c h>dly f9d an atmosph]e t is cold & bit+ en\gh4 ,moreov]1 z individuals & nations t are too s]i\s h ne$ ( frivolities1 z o!rs too mobile & excitable h ne$ occasionally ( heavily oppress+ burd5s = ! sake ( _! heal?1 %\ld n we1 ! m intellectual p ( ?is age1 t gr[s visibly m & m inflam$1 seize all qu5*+ & cool+ means t exi/1 9 ord] t we may at lea/ rema9 z con/ant1 h>mless1 & mod]ate z we /ill are1 & ?us1 p]haps1 s]ve "s "t or o!r z mirror & self-contemplation = ?is age8 #ci4 ,,! ,,fable ,,( ,,intelligible ,,fre$om4--,! hi/ory ( ! s5tim5ts by means ( :i* we make a p]son responsible consi/s ( ! foll[+ pr9cipal phases4 ,fir/1 all s+le actions are call$ good or bad )\t any reg>d to _! motives1 b only on acc\nt ( ! useful or injuri\s consequ5ces :i* result = ! community4 ,b soon ! orig9 ( ^! di/9ctions is =gott51 & x is deem$ t ! qualities good or bad are conta9$ 9 ! action itself )\t reg>d to its consequ5ces1 by ! same error accord+ to :i* language describes ! /one z h>d1 ! tree z gre51--) :i*1 9 %ort1 ! result is reg>d$ z ! cause4 ,!n ! goodness or badness is implant$ 9 ! motive1 & ! action 9 itself is look$ ^u z morally ambigu\s4 ,mank9d ev5 goes fur!r1 & applies ! pr$icate good or bad no long] to s+le motives1 b to ! :ole nature ( an individual1 out ( :om ! motive gr[s z ! plant gr[s out ( ! e>?4 ,?us1 9 turn1 man is made responsible = 8 op]ations1 !n = 8 actions1 !n = 8 motives1 & f9ally = 8 nature4 ,ev5tually x is discov]$ t ev5 ?is nature _c be responsible1 inasmu* z x is an absolutely necess>y consequ5ce concret$ out ( ! elem5ts & influ5ces ( pa/ & pres5t ?+s1--t man1 !re=e1 _c be made responsible = any?+1 nei!r = 8 nature1 nor 8 motives1 nor 8 actions1 nor 8 effects4 ,x has !re) come to be recognis$ t ! hi/ory ( moral valuations is at ! same "t ! hi/ory ( an error1 ! error ( responsibility1 :i* is bas$ ^u ! error ( ! fre$om ( w4 ,s*op5hau] ?us decid$ aga9/ x3 because c]ta9 actions br+ ill hum\r 7consci\sness ( guilt7 9 _! tra91 !re mu/ be a responsibility2 = !re w\ld be no reason = ?is ill hum\r if n only all human actions 7 n done ( necessity1--:i* is actually ! case & also ! belief ( ?is philosoph]1--b man himself f ! same necessity is precisely ! be+ t he is--:i* ,s*op5hau] d5ies4 ,f ! fact ( t ill hum\r ,s*op5hau] ?9ks he c prove a lib]ty :i* man mu/ someh[ h _h1 n ) reg>d to actions1 b ) reg>d to nature2 lib]ty1 !re=e1 to be ?us or o!rwise1 n to act ?us or o!rwise4 ,f ! esse1 ! sph]e ( fre$om & responsibility1 !re results1 9 8 op9ion1 ! op]>i1 ! sph]e ( /rict causality1 necessity1 & irresponsibility4 ,?is ill hum\r is app>5tly direct$ to ! op]>i1--9 s f> x is errone\s1--b 9 reality x is direct$ to ! esse1 :i* is ! de$ ( a free w1 ! fundam5tal cause ( ! exi/5ce ( an individual1 man becomes t :i* he wi%es to be1 8 w is ant]ior to 8 exi/5ce4 ,"h ! mi/ak5 conclusion is drawn t f ! fact ( ! ill hum\r1 ! ju/ification1 ! reasonable admissabl5ess ( ?is ill hum\r is presuppos$2 & />t+ f ?is mi/ak5 conclusion1 ,s*op5hau] arrives at 8 fanta/ic sequ5ce ( ! s-call$ intelligible fre$om4 ,b ! ill hum\r aft] ! de$ is n necess>ily reasonable1 inde$ x is assur$ly n reasonable1 = x is bas$ ^u ! errone\s presumption t ! action ne$ n h inevitably foll[$4 ,!re=e1 x is only because man believes himself to be free1 n because he is free1 t he exp]i5ces remorse & pricks ( consci5ce4 ,moreov]1 ?is ill hum\r is a habit t c be brok5 (f2 9 _m p x is entirely abs5t 9 connection ) actions :]e o!rs exp]i5ce x4 ,x is a v *angeable ?+1 & "o :i* is connect$ ) ! developm5t ( cu/oms & culture1 & probably only exi/+ dur+ a comp>atively %ort p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,nobody is responsible = 8 actions1 nobody = 8 nature2 to judge is id5tical ) be+ unju/4 ,?is also applies :5 an individual judges himself4 ,! !ory is z cle> z sunlight1 & yet e "o pref]s to g back into ! %ad[ & ! untru?1 = fe> ( ! consequ5ces4 #dj4 ,,! ,,sup]-,,animal4--,! bea/ 9 u wi%es to be deceiv$2 morality is a lie ( necessity 9 ord] t we may n be torn 9 pieces by x4 ,)\t ! errors :i* lie 9 ! assumption ( morality1 man w\ld h rema9$ an animal4 ,?us1 h[ev]1 he has consid]$ himself z some?+ high] & has laid /rict laws ^u himself4 ,!re=e he hates ! grades :i* h rema9$ ne>] to animalness1 :]eby ! =m] scorn ( ! slave1 z a n-yet-man1 is to be expla9$ z a fact4 #da4 ,,! ,,un*angeable ,,"*4--,t ! "* is un*angeable is n true 9 a /rict s5se2 ?is fav\rite !ory means1 r1 t dur+ ! %ort lifetime ( an individual ! new influ5c+ motives _c p5etrate deeply en\gh to de/roy ! +ra9$ m>ks ( _m ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,b if "o 7 to imag9e a man ( eighty ?\s& ye>s1 "o w\ld h 9 him an absolutely *angeable "*1 s t a numb] ( diff]5t individuals w\ld gradually develop out ( him4 ,! %ortness ( human life misleads u into =m+ _m errone\s ideas ab\t ! qualities ( man4 #db4 ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,possessions ,,& ,,morality4--,! once-accept$ hi]>*y ( possessions1 accord+ z ?is or ! o!r is covet$ by a l[]1 high]1 or highe/ egoism1 n[ decides :at is moral or immoral4 ,to pref] a less] good 7= in/ance1 ! gratification ( ! s5ses7 to a m highly valu$ good 7= in/ance1 heal?7 is acc\nt$ immoral1 & also to pref] luxury to lib]ty4 ,! hi]>*y ( possessions1 h[ev]1 is n fix$ & equal at all times2 if any "o pref]s v5geance to ju/ice he is moral accord+ to ! /&>d ( an e>li] civilisation1 b immoral accord+ to ! pres5t "o4 ,to be immoral1 !re=e1 d5otes t an individual has n felt1 or n felt suffici5tly /rongly1 ! high]1 f9]1 spiritual motives :i* h come 9 ) a new culture2 x m>ks "o :o has rema9$ beh9d1 b only accord+ to ! diff]5ce ( degrees4 ,! ord] ( possessions itself is n rais$ & l[]$ accord+ to a moral po9t ( view2 b ea* "t t x is fix$ x supplies ! decision z to :e!r an action is moral or immoral4 #dc4 ,,cruel ,,p ,,z ,,^? ,,:o ,,h ,,rema9$ ,,beh9d4--,p :o are cruel n[adays mu/ be acc\nt$ = by u z ! grades ( e>li] civilisations :i* h surviv$2 "h are expos$ ^? deep] =mations 9 ! m\nta9 ( humanity :i* usually rema9 conceal$4 ,!y are backw>d p ^: bra9s1 ?r\gh all mann] ( accid5ts 9 ! c\rse ( inh]itance1 h n be5 develop$ 9 s delicate & manifold a way4 ,!y %[ u :at we all 7 & horrify u1 b !y !mselves are z little responsible z is a block ( granite = be+ granite4 ,!re mu/1 too1 be grooves & twi/s 9 our bra9s :i* answ] to t condition ( m9d1 z 9 ! =m ( c]ta9 human organs !re are suppos$ to be traces ( a fi%-/ate4 ,b ^! grooves & twi/s are no long] ! b$ ?r\gh :i* ! /ream ( our s5sation fl[s4 #dd4 ,,gratitude ,,& ,,rev5ge4--,! reason :y ! p[]ful man is grateful is ?is3 8 b5efactor1 ?r\gh ! b5efit he conf]s1 has mi/ak5 & intrud$ into ! sph]e ( ! p[]ful man1--n[ ! latt]1 9 return1 p5etrates into ! sph]e ( ! b5efactor by ! act ( gratitude4 ,x is a mild] =m ( rev5ge4 ,)\t ! satisfaction ( gratitude1 ! p[]ful man w\ld h %[n himself p[]less1 & w\ld h be5 reckon$ z su* ev] aft]4 ,!re=e e society ( ! good1 :i* orig9ally meant ! p[]ful1 places gratitude among/ ! fir/ duties4--,swift prop\nd$ ! maxim t m5 7 grateful 9 ! same proportion z !y 7 rev5geful4 #de4 ,,! ,,tw(old ,,e>ly ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,good ,,& ,,evil4--,! conception ( good & evil has a tw(old e>ly hi/ory1 namely1 once 9 ! s\l ( ! rul+ tribes & ca/es4 ,:oev] has ! p[] ( return+ good = good1 evil = evil1 & really practises requital1 & :o is1 !re=e1 grateful & rev5geful1 is call$ good2 :oev] is p[]less1 & unable to requite1 is reckon$ z bad4 ,z a good man "o is reckon$ among ! good1 a community :i* has common feel+s because ! s+le individuals are b\nd to "o ano!r by ! s5se ( requital4 ,z a bad man "o belongs to ! bad1 to a p>ty ( subord9ate1 p[]less p :o h no common feel+4 ,! good are a ca/e1 ! bad are a mass l du/4 ,good & bad h = a long "t meant ! same ?+ z noble & base1 ma/] & slave4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! enemy is n look$ ^u z evil1 he c requite4 ,9 ,hom] ! ,trojan & ! ,greek are bo? good4 ,x is n ! "o :o injures u1 b ! "o :o is despicable1 :o is call$ bad4 ,good is inh]it$ 9 ! community ( ! good2 x is impossible t a bad man c\ld spr+ f su* good soil4 ,if1 nev]!less1 "o ( ! good ones does some?+ :i* is unwor?y ( ! good1 refuge is s\ght 9 excuses2 ! guilt is ?r[n ^u a god1 = in/ance2 x is said t he has /ruck ! good man ) bl9dness & madness4-- ,!n 9 ! s\l ( ! oppress$ & p[]less4 ,"h e o!r man is look$ ^u z ho/ile1 inconsid]ate1 rapaci\s1 cruel1 cunn+1 be he noble or base2 evil is ! di/+ui%+ ^w = man1 ev5 = e conceivable liv+ creature1 e4g4 = a god2 human1 div9e1 is ! same ?+ z devili%1 evil4 ,! signs ( goodness1 helpfulness1 pity1 are look$ ^u ) fe> z spite1 ! prelude to a t]rible result1 /upefaction & out-witt+1--9 %ort1 z ref9$ malice4 ,) su* a disposition 9 ! individual a community c\ld h>dly exi/1 or at mo/ x c\ld exi/ only 9 its crude/ =m1 s t 9 all places :]e ?is conception ( good & evil obta9s1 ! d[nfall ( ! s+le individuals1 ( _! tribes & races1 is at h&4--,our pres5t civilisation has gr[n up on ! soil ( ! rul+ tribes & ca/es4 #df4 ,,sympa?y ,,/rong] ,,?an ,,suff]+4--,!re are cases :5 sympa?y is /rong] ?an actual suff]+4 ,= in/ance1 we are m pa9$ :5 "o ( our fri5ds is guilty ( some?+ %ameful ?an :5 we d x ourselves4 ,= "o ?+1 we h m fai? 9 ! purity ( 8 "* ?an he has himself2 !n our love = him1 probably on acc\nt ( ?is v fai?1 is /rong] ?an 8 love = himself4 ,& ev5 if 8 egoism suff]s m !reby ?an our egoism1 inasmu* z x has to be> m ( ! bad consequ5ces ( 8 fault1 ! un-egoi/ic 9 u--?is ^w is n to be tak5 too s]i\sly1 b only z a modification ( ! expression--is m deeply w\nd$ by 8 guilt ?an is ! un-egoi/ic 9 him4 #dg4 ,,hypo*ondria4--,!re are p :o become hypo*ondriacal ?r\gh _! sympa?y & conc]n = ano!r p]son2 ! k9d ( sympa?y :i* results !refrom is no?+ b a disease4 ,?us !re is also a ,*ri/ian hypo*ondria1 :i* afflicts ^? solit>y1 religi\sly-m9d$ p :o keep con/antly be=e _! eyes ! suff]+s & dea? ( ,*ri/4 #dh4 ,,economy ,,( ,,goodness4--,goodness & love1 z ! mo/ heal+ h]bs & p[]s 9 human int]c\rse1 are su* co/ly discov]ies t "o w\ld wi% z mu* economy z possible to be ex]cis$ 9 ! employm5t ( ^! balsamic means2 b ?is is impossible4 ,! economy ( goodness is ! dream ( ! mo/ d>+ ,utopians4 #di4 ,,goodwill4--,among/ ! small1 b c\ntlessly frequ5t & !re=e v effective1 ?+s to :i* sci5ce %\ld pay m att5tion ?an to ! great1 r>e ?+s1 is to be reckon$ goodwill2 ,i mean t exhibition ( a fri5dly disposition 9 int]c\rse1 t smil+ eye1 t clasp ( ! h&1 t *e]fulness ) :i* almo/ all human actions are usually accompani$4 ,e tea*]1 e (ficial1 adds ?is to :atev] is 8 duty2 x is ! p]petual occupation ( humanity1 & at ! same "t ! waves ( its light1 9 :i* ev]y?+ gr[s2 9 ! n>r[e/ circle1 namely1 )9 ! family1 life blooms & fl\ri%es only ?r\gh t goodwill4 ,k9dl9ess1 fri5dl9ess1 ! c\rtesy ( ! he>t1 are ev]-fl[+ /reams ( un-egoi/ic impulses1 & h giv5 f> m p[]ful assi/ance to culture ?an ev5 ^? mu* m fam\s demon/rations :i* are call$ pity1 m]cy1 & self-sacrifice4 ,b !y are ?\ght little (1 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 !re is n mu* t is un-egoi/ic 9 !m4 ,! sum ( ^! small doses is nev]!less mighty1 _! unit$ =ce is among/ ! /ronge/ =ces4 ,?us "o f9ds mu* m happ9ess 9 ! _w ?an sad eyes see1 if "o only reckons rightly1 & does n =get all ^? mom5ts ( com=t 9 :i* e day is ri*1 ev5 9 ! mo/ h>ri$ ( human lives4 #ej4 ,,! ,,wi% ,,to ,,ar\se ,,pity4--,9 ! mo/ rem>kable passage ( 8 auto--portrait 7fir/ pr9t$ 9 #afeh71 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld assur$ly hits ! nail on ! head :5 he w>ns all s5sible p aga9/ pity1 :5 he advises !m to leave t to ^? ord]s ( ! p :o h ne$ ( passion 7because x is n rul$ by reason71 & to rea* ! po9t ( help+ ! suff]+ & act+ en]getically 9 an accid5t2 :ile pity1 accord+ to 8 7& ,plato's7 judgm5t1 weak5s ! s\l4 ,c]ta9ly we %\ld exhibit pity1 b take good c>e n to feel x1 = ! un=tunate are s /upid t to !m ! exhibition ( pity is ! greate/ good 9 ! _w4 ,"o c1 p]haps1 give a m =cible w>n+ aga9/ ?is feel+ ( pity if "o looks ^u t ne$ ( ! un=tunate n exactly z /upidity & lack ( intellect1 a k9d ( m5tal d]angem5t :i* mis=tune br+s ) x 7& z su*1 inde$1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld appe>s to reg>d x71 b z some?+ q diff]5t & m s]i\s4 ,obs]ve *ildr51 :o cry & scream 9 ord] to be piti$1 & !re=e wait = ! mom5t :5 !y w be notic$2 live 9 int]c\rse ) ! sick & m5tally oppress$1 & ask y\rself :e!r t ready compla9+ & :imp]+1 t mak+ a %[ ( mis=tune1 does n1 at bottom1 aim at mak+ ! spectators mis]able2 ! pity :i* ! spectators !n exhibit is 9 s f> a consolation = ! weak & suff]+ 9 t ! latt] recognise !re9 t !y possess /ill "o p[]1 9 spite ( _! weakness1 ! p[] ( giv+ pa94 ,! un=tunate d]ives a sort ( pleasure f ?is feel+ ( sup]iority1 ( :i* ! exhibition ( pity makes him consci\s2 8 imag9ation is exalt$1 he is /ill p[]ful en\gh to give ! _w pa94 ,?us ! ?ir/ = pity is ! ?ir/ = self-gratification1 & t1 moreov]1 at ! exp5se ( 8 fell[-m52 x %[s man 9 ! :ole inconsid]at5ess ( 8 own de> self1 b n exactly 9 8 /upidity1 z ,la ,ro*ef\cauld ?9ks4 ,9 society-talk ?ree-f\r?s ( all que/ions ask$ & ( all answ]s giv5 are int5d$ to cause ! int]locutor a little pa92 = ?is reason s _m p p9e = company2 x enables !m to feel _! p[]4 ,!re is a p[]ful *>m ( life 9 su* c\ntless b v small doses 9 :i* malice makes itself felt1 j z goodwill1 spread 9 ! same way ?r\gh\t ! _w1 is ! ev]-ready means ( heal+4 ,b are !re _m hone/ p :o w admit t x is pleas+ to give pa98 t "o n infrequ5tly amuses "o's self--& amuses "o's self v well--9 caus+ mortifications to o!rs1 at lea/ 9 ?\ght1 & fir+ (f at !m ! grape-%ot ( petty malice8 ,mo/ p are too di%one/1 & a few are too good1 to "k any?+ ( ?is pud5dum ^! w always d5y t ,prosp] ,mrime is "r :5 he says1 ,sa*ez aussi qu'il n'y a ri5 de plus commun que de faire le mal p\r le plaisir de le faire4 #ea4 ,,h[ ,,appe>ance ,,becomes ,,actuality4--,! actor f9ally rea*es su* a po9t t ev5 9 ! deepe/ sorr[ he _c cease f ?9k+ ab\t ! impression made by 8 own p]son & ! g5]al sc5ic effect2 = in/ance1 ev5 at ! fun]al ( 8 *ild1 he w weep ov] 8 own sorr[ & its expression l "o ( 8 own audi5ce4 ,! hypocrite1 :o always plays "o & ! same "p1 ceases at la/ to be a hypocrite2 = in/ance1 prie/s1 :o z "y m5 are g5]ally consci\s or unconsci\s hypocrites1 become at la/ natural1 & are !n really )\t any affectation1 j prie/s2 or if ! fa!r does n succe$ s f>1 p]haps ! son does1 :o makes use ( 8 fa!r's progress & inh]its 8 habits4 ,if any "o long & ob/9ately desires to appe> some?+1 he f9ds x difficult at la/ to be any?+ else4 ,! pr(ession ( almo/ e individual1 ev5 ( ! arti/1 beg9s ) hypocrisy1 ) an imitat+ f )\t1 ) a copy+ ( ! effective4 ,he :o always we>s ! mask ( a fri5dly expression mu/ ev5tually obta9 a p[] ov] well-mean+ dispositions )\t :i* ! expression ( fri5dl9ess is n to be compell$1--& f9ally1 ^!1 aga91 obta9 a p[] ov] him1 he is well-mean+4 #eb4 ,,! ,,po9t ,,( ,,hon\r ,,9 ,,deception4--,9 all great deceiv]s "o ?+ is notewor?y1 to :i* !y owe _! p[]4 ,9 ! actual act ( deception1 ) all _! prep>ations1 ! dreadful voice1 expression1 & mi51 9 ! mid/ ( _! effective sc5]y !y are ov]come by _! belief 9 !mselves x is ?is1 !n1 :i* speaks s wond]fully & p]suasively to ! spectators4 ,! f\nd]s ( religions are di/+ui%$ f ^? great deceiv]s 9 t !y nev] awake f _! condition ( self-deception2 or at times1 b v r>ely1 !y h an enlight5$ mom5t :5 d\bt ov]p[]s !m2 !y g5]ally console !mselves1 h[ev]1 by ascrib+ ^! enlight5$ mom5ts to ! influ5ce ( ! ,evil ,"o4 ,!re mu/ be self-deception 9 ord] t ?is & t may produce great effects4 ,= m5 believe 9 ! tru? ( ev]y?+ t is visibly1 /rongly believ$ 94 #ec4 ,,! ,,nom9al ,,degrees ,,( ,,tru?4--,"o ( ! commone/ mi/akes is ?is3 because "s "o is tru?ful & hone/ t[>ds u1 he mu/ speak ! tru?4 ,?us ! *ild believes 9 its p>5ts' judgm5t1 ! ,*ri/ian 9 ! ass]tions ( ! ,f\nd] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! same way m5 refuse to admit t all ^? ?+s :i* m5 def5d$ 9 =m] ages ) ! sacrifice ( life & happ9ess 7 no?+ b errors2 x is ev5 said1 p]haps1 t !y 7 degrees ( ! tru?4 ,b :at is really meant is t :5 a man has hone/ly believ$ 9 some?+1 & has f\ght & di$ = 8 fai?1 x w\ld really be too unju/ if he _h only be5 inspir$ by an error4 ,su* a ?+ seems a contradiction ( et]nal ju/ice2 !re=e ! he>t ( s5sitive man ev] enunciates aga9/ 8 head ! axiom3 betwe5 moral action & intellectual insight !re mu/ absolutely be a necess>y connection4 ,x is un=tunately o!rwise2 = !re is no et]nal ju/ice4 #ed4 ,,falsehood4--,:y d p mo/ly speak ! tru? 9 daily life8--,assur$ly n because a god has =bidd5 falsehood4 ,b1 fir/ly1 because x is m conv5i5t1 z falsehood requires inv5tion1 deceit1 & memory4 7,z ,swift says1 he :o tells a lie is n s5sible h[ great a task he und]takes2 = 9 ord] to uphold "o lie he mu/ inv5t tw5ty o!rs47 ,!re=e1 because x is advantage\s 9 upright circum/ances to say /raight out1 ,i want ?is1 ,i h done t1 & s on2 because1 9 o!r words1 ! pa? ( compulsion & au?ority is sur] ?an t ( cunn+4 ,b if a *ild has be5 br\ght up 9 complicat$ dome/ic circum/ances1 he employs falsehood1 naturally & unconsci\sly says :atev] be/ suits 8 int]e/s2 a s5se ( tru? & a hatr$ ( falsehood are q =eign & unkn[n to him1 & s he lies 9 all innoc5ce4 #ee4 ,,?r[+ ,,suspicion ,,on ,,morality ,,= ,,fai?',s ,,sake4--,no p[] c be ma9ta9$ :5 x is only repres5t$ by hypocrites2 no matt] h[ _m worldly elem5ts ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* possesses1 its /r5g? lies 9 ^? /ill num]\s prie/ly natures :o r5d] life h>d & full ( mean+ = !mselves1 & ^: glance & worn bodies speak ( nocturnal vigils1 hung]1 burn+ pray]s1 & p]haps ev5 ( sc\rg+2 ^! move m5 & inspire !m ) fe>4 ,:at if x 7 necess>y to live ?us8 ,?is is ! t]rible "q :i* _! aspect br+s to ! lips4 ,:il/ !y spread ?is d\bt !y always upre> ano!r pill> ( _! p[]2 ev5 ! free-?9k] does n d>e to )/& su* unselfi%ness ) h>d words ( tru?1 & to say1 ,?yself deceiv$1 deceive n o!rs6 ,only ! diff]5ce ( views divides !m f him1 c]ta9ly no diff]5ce ( goodness or badness2 b m5 g5]ally treat unju/ly t :i* !y d n l4 ,?us we speak ( ! cunn+ & ! infam\s art ( ! ,jesuits1 b ov]look ! self-control :i* e individual ,jesuit practises1 & ! fact t ! light5$ mann] ( life prea*$ by ,jesuit books is by no means = _! b5efit1 b = t ( ! laity4 ,we may ev5 ask :e!r1 ) precisely simil> tactics & organisation1 we enlight5$ ones w\ld make equally good tools1 equally admirable ?r\gh self-conque/1 indefatigabl5ess1 & r5unciation4 #ef4 ,,victory ,,( ,,k ,,ov] ,,radical ,,evil4--,x is ( great advantage to him :o desires to be wise to h witness$ = a "t ! spectacle ( a ?or\ghly evil & deg5]ate man2 x is false1 l ! contr>y spectacle1 b = :ole long p]iods x held ! ma/]y1 & its roots h ev5 ext5d$ & ramifi$ !mselves to u & our _w4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ourselves we mu/ und]/& x b !n1 9 ord] to m\nt high] we mu/ rise above x4 ,we recognise1 !n1 t !re exi/ no s9s 9 ! metaphysical s5se2 b1 9 ! same s5se1 also no virtues2 we recognise t ! entire doma9 ( e?ical ideas is p]petually tott]+1 t !re are high] & deep] conceptions ( good & evil1 ( moral & immoral4 ,he :o does n desire mu* m f ?+s ?an a k ( !m easily makes peace ) 8 s\l1 & w make a mi/ake 7or commit a s91 z ! _w calls x7 at ! mo/ f ignorance1 b h>dly f covet\sness4 ,he w no long] wi% to excommunicate & ext]m9ate desires2 b 8 only1 8 :olly dom9at+ ambition1 to "k z well z possible at all times1 w make him cool & w s(t5 all ! savag5ess 9 8 disposition4 ,moreov]1 he has be5 fre$ f a numb] ( torm5t+ conceptions1 he has no m feel+ at ! m5tion ( ! words puni%m5ts ( hell1 s9fulness1 incapacity = good1 he recognises 9 !m only ! vani%+ %ad[-pictures ( false views ( ! _w & ( life4 #eg4 ,,morality ,,z ,,! ,,self-,,dis9tegration ,,( ,,man4--,a good au?or1 :o really has 8 he>t 9 8 "w1 wi%es t "s "o c\ld come & annihilate him by repres5t+ ! same ?+ 9 a cle>] way & answ]+ )\t m ado ! problems !re9 propos$4 ,! lov+ girl wi%es %e c\ld prove ! self-sacrific+ fai?fulness ( h] love by ! unfai?fulness ( h] belov$4 ,! soldi] hopes to die on ! field ( battle = 8 victori\s fa!rl&2 = 8 l(tie/ desires triumph 9 ! victory ( 8 c\ntry4 ,! "m gives to ! *ild t ( :i* %e deprives h]self--sleep1 ! be/ food1 sometimes h] heal? & =tune4 ,b are all ^! un-egoi/ic conditions8 ,are ^! de$s ( morality miracles1 because1 to use ,s*op5hau]'s expression1 !y are impossible & yet p]=m$8 ,is x n cle> t 9 all f\r cases ! individual loves some?+ ( himself1 a ?\ght1 a desire1 a production1 bett] ?an any?+ else ( himself2 t he !re=e divides 8 nature & to "o "p sacrifices all ! re/8 ,is x some?+ entirely diff]5t :5 an ob/9ate man says1 ,i w\ld r be %ot ?an move a /ep out ( my way = ?is man8 ,! desire = some?+ 7wi%1 incl9ation1 long+7 is pres5t 9 all ! in/ances m5tion$2 to give way to x1 ) all its consequ5ces1 is c]ta9ly n un-egoi/ic4--,9 e?ics man does n consid] himself z ,individuum b z dividuum4 #eh4 ,,:at ,,"o ,,may ,,promise4--,"o may promise actions1 b no s5tim5ts1 = ^! are involunt>y4 ,:oev] promises to love or hate a p]son1 or be fai?ful to him = ev]1 promises some?+ :i* is n )9 8 p[]2 he c c]ta9ly promise su* actions z are usually ! results ( love1 hate1 or fidelity1 b :i* may also spr+ f o!r motives2 = _m ways & motives lead to "o & ! same action4 ,! promise to love "s "o = ev] is1 !re=e1 really3 ,s long z ,i love y ,i w act t[>ds y 9 a lov+ way2 if ,i cease to love y1 y w /ill receive ! same treatm5t f me1 al?\gh inspir$ by o!r motives1 s t our fell[-m5 w /ill be delud$ into ! belief t our love is un*ang$ & ev] ! same4 ,"o promises1 !re=e1 ! cont9uation ( ! semblance ( love1 :51 )\t self-deception1 "o speaks v[s ( et]nal love4 #ei4 ,,intellect ,,& ,,morality4--,"o mu/ h a good memory to be able to keep a giv5 promise4 ,"o mu/ h a /rong p[] ( imag9ation to be able to feel pity4 ,s closely is morality b\nd to ! goodness ( ! intellect4 #fj4 ,,to ,,wi% ,,= ,,rev5ge ,,& ,,to ,,take ,,rev5ge4--,to h a rev5geful ?\ght & to c>ry x into effect is to h a viol5t attack ( fev]1 :i* passes (f1 h[ev]1--b to h a rev5geful ?\ght )\t ! /r5g? & c\rage to c>ry x out is a *ronic disease1 a poison+ ( body & s\l :i* we h to be> ab\t ) u4 ,morality1 :i* only takes int5tions into acc\nt1 consid]s ! two cases z equal2 usually ! =m] case is reg>d$ z ! worse 7because ( ! evil consequ5ces :i* may p]haps result f ! de$ ( rev5ge74 ,bo? e/imates are %ort-sight$4 #fa4 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,wait+4--,wait+ is s difficult t ev5 great poets h n disda9$ to take incapability ( wait+ z ! motive = _! works4 ,?us ,%akespe>e 9 ,o!llo or ,sophocles 9 ,ajax1 to :om suicide1 _h he be5 able to let 8 feel+s cool d[n = "o day1 w\ld no long] h seem$ necess>y1 z ! oracle intimat$2 he w\ld probably h snapp$ 8 f+]s at ! t]rible :isp]+s ( w\nd$ vanity1 & said to himself1 ,:o has n already1 9 my circum/ances1 mi/ak5 a fool = a h]o8 ,is x some?+ s v extraord9>y8 ,on ! contr>y1 x is some?+ v commonly human2 ,ajax might all[ himself t consolation4 ,passion w n wait2 ! trag$y 9 ! lives ( great m5 frequ5tly lies n 9 _! conflict ) ! times & ! bas5ess ( _! fell[-m51 b 9 _! incapacity ( po/pon+ _! "w = a ye> or two2 !y _c wait4 ,9 all duels advis+ fri5ds h "o ?+ to decide1 namely :e!r ! p>ties conc]n$ c /ill wait a:ile2 if ?is is n ! case1 !n a duel is advisable1 inasmu* z ea* ( ! two says1 ,ei!r ,i cont9ue to live & t o!r man mu/ die imm$iately1 or vice v]sa4 ,9 su* case wait+ w\ld mean a prolong$ suff]+ ( ! t]rible m>tyrdom ( w\nd$ hon\r 9 ! face ( ! insult]1 & ?is may entail m suff]+ ?an life is wor?4 #fb4 ,,revell+ ,,9 ,,v5geance4--,co>s] individuals :o feel !mselves insult$1 make out ! insult to be z great z possible1 & relate ! affair 9 greatly exagg]at$ language1 9 ord] to be able to revel ?or\ghly 9 ! r>ely awak5$ feel+s ( hatr$ & rev5ge4 #fc4 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,disp>agem5t4--,9 ord] to ma9ta9 _! self-respect 9 _! own eyes & a c]ta9 ?or\ghness ( action1 n a few m51 p]haps ev5 ! majority1 f9d x absolutely necess>y to run d[n & disp>age all _! acqua9tances4 ,b z mean natures are num]\s1 & s9ce x is v important :e!r !y possess t ?or\ghness or lose x1 h5ce---- #fd4 ,,! ,,man ,,9 ,a ,,passion4--,we mu/ bew>e ( "o :o is 9 a passion aga9/ u z ( "o :o has once s\ght our life2 = ! fact t we /ill live is due to ! abs5ce ( p[] to kill1--if looks w\ld suffice1 we %\ld h be5 dead long ago4 ,x is a piece ( r\gh civilisation to =ce "s "o into sil5ce by ! exhibition ( physical savag5ess & ! inspir+ ( fe>4 ,t cold glance :i* exalt$ p]sons employ t[>ds _! s]vants is also a relic ( t ca/e division betwe5 man & man1 a piece ( r\gh antiquity2 wom51 ! pres]v]s ( anci5t ?+s1 h also fai?fully reta9$ ?is survival ( an anci5t habit4 #fe4 ,,:i!r ,,hone/y ,,c ,,lead4--,somebody _h ! bad habit ( occasionally talk+ q frankly ab\t ! motives ( 8 actions1 :i* 7 z good & z bad z ! motives ( mo/ m54 ,he fir/ gave (f5ce1 !n ar\s$ suspicion1 0 !n gradually exclud$ f society & decl>$ a social outlaw1 until at la/ ju/ice rememb]$ su* an ab&on$ creature1 on occasions :5 x w\ld o!rwise h _h no eyes1 or w\ld h clos$ !m4 ,! lack ( p[] to hold 8 tongue conc]n+ ! common secret1 & ! irresponsible t5d5cy to see :at no "o wi%es to see--himself--br\ght him to a prison & an e>ly dea?4 #ff4 ,,puni%able1 ,,b ,,nev] ,,puni%$4--,our crime aga9/ crim9als lies 9 ! fact t we treat !m l rascals4 #fg4 ,,sancta ,,simplicitas ,,( ,,virtue4--,e virtue has its privileges2 = example1 t ( contribut+ its own little faggot to ! scaffold ( e condemn$ man4 #fh4 ,,morality ,,& ,,consequ5ces4--,x is n only ! spectators ( a de$ :o frequ5tly judge ( its morality or immorality accord+ to its consequ5ces1 b ! do] ( ! de$ himself does s4 ,= ! motives & int5tions are seldom suffici5tly cle> & simple1 & sometimes memory itself seems cl\d$ by ! consequ5ces ( ! de$1 s t "o ascribes ! de$ to false motives or looks ^u uness5tial motives z ess5tial4 ,success (t5 gives an action ! :ole hone/ glam\r ( a good consci5ce2 failure ca/s ! %ad[ ( remorse ov] ! mo/ e/imable de$4 ,h5ce arises ! well-kn[n practice ( ! politician1 :o ?9ks1 ,only grant me success1 ) t ,i br+ all hone/ s\ls ov] to my side & make myself hone/ 9 my own eyes4 ,9 ! same way success mu/ replace a bett] argum5t4 ,_m educat$ p /ill believe t ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity ov] ,greek philosophy is a pro( ( ! great] tru?fulness ( ! =m]1--al?\gh 9 ?is case x is only ! co>s] & m p[]ful t has triumph$ ov] ! m spiritual & delicate4 ,:i* possesses ! great] tru? may be se5 f ! fact t ! awak5+ sci5ces h agre$ ) ,epicurus' philosophy on po9t aft] po9t1 b on po9t aft] po9t h reject$ ,*ri/ianity4 #fi4 ,,love ,,& ,,ju/ice4--,:y d we ov]-e/imate love to ! disadvantage ( ju/ice1 & say ! mo/ beautiful ?+s ab\t x1 z if x 7 some?+ v mu* high] ?an ! latt]8 ,is x n visibly m /upid ?an ju/ice8 ,c]ta9ly1 b precisely = t reason all ! pleasant] = e "o4 ,x is bl9d1 & possesses an abundant cornucopia1 out ( :i* x di/ributes its gifts to all1 ev5 if !y d n des]ve !m1 ev5 if !y express no ?anks = !m4 ,x is z imp>tial z ! ra91 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,bible & exp]i5ce1 makes n only ! unju/1 b also occasionally ! j wet ?r\gh to ! sk94 #gj4 ,,execution4--,h[ is x t e execution (f5ds u m ?an does a murd]8 ,x is ! coldness ( ! judges1 ! pa9ful prep>ations1 ! conviction t a human be+ is "h be+ us$ z a w>n+ to sc>e o!rs4 ,= ! guilt is n puni%$1 ev5 if x exi/$--x lies ) educators1 p>5ts1 surr\nd+s1 9 ourselves1 n 9 ! murd]]--,i mean ! det]m9+ circum/ances4 #ga4 ,,hope4--,p&ora br\ght ! box ( ills & op5$ x4 ,x 0 ! gift ( ! gods to m51 outw>dly a beautiful & s$uctive gift1 & call$ ! ,casket ( ,happ9ess4 ,out ( x flew all ! evils1 liv+ w+$ creatures1 !nce !y n[ circulate & d m5 injury day & night4 ,"o s+le evil _h n yet escap$ f ! box1 & by ! w ( ,zeus ,p&ora clos$ ! lid & x rema9$ )94 ,n[ = ev] man has ! casket ( happ9ess 9 8 h\se & ?9ks he holds a great treasure2 x is at 8 disposal1 he /ret*es out 8 h& = x :5ev] he desires2 = he does n "k ! box :i* ,p&ora br\ght 0 ! casket ( evil1 & he believes ! ill :i* rema9s )9 to be ! greate/ bless+1--x is hope4 ,zeus did n wi% man1 h[ev] mu* he might be torm5t$ by ! o!r evils1 to fl+ away 8 life1 b to g on lett+ himself be torm5t$ aga9 & aga94 ,!re=e he gives man hope1--9 reality x is ! wor/ ( all evils1 because x prolongs ! torm5ts ( man4 #gb4 ,,! ,,degree ,,( ,,moral ,,inflammability ,,unkn[n4--,accord+ to :e!r we h or h n _h c]ta9 di/urb+ views & impressions--= in/ance1 an unju/ly execut$1 kill$1 or m>t]$ fa!r2 a fai?less wife2 a cruel ho/ile attack--x dep5ds :e!r our passions rea* fev] heat & influ5ce our :ole life or n4 ,no "o kn[s to :at he may be driv5 by circum/ances1 pity1 or indignation2 he does n "k ! degree ( 8 own inflammability4 ,mis]able little circum/ances make u mis]able2 x is g5]ally n ! quantity ( exp]i5ces1 b _! quality1 on :i* l[] & high] man dep5ds1 9 good & evil4 #gc4 ,,! ,,m>tyr ,,9 ,,spite ,,( ,,himself4--,!re 0 a man belong+ to a p>ty :o 0 too n]v\s & c[>dly ev] to contradict 8 comrades2 !y made use ( him = ev]y?+1 !y dem&$ ev]y?+ f him1 because he 0 m afraid ( ! bad op9ion ( 8 companions ?an ( dea? itself2 8 0 a mis]able1 feeble s\l4 ,!y recognis$ ?is1 & on ! gr\nd ( ^! qualities !y made a h]o ( him1 & f9ally ev5 a m>tyr4 ,al?\gh ! c[>d inw>dly always said ,no1 ) 8 lips he always said ,yes1 ev5 on ! scaffold1 :5 he 0 ab\t to die = ! op9ions ( 8 p>ty2 = beside him /ood "o ( 8 old companions1 :o s tyrannis$ ov] him by ^w & look t he really suff]$ dea? 9 ! mo/ respectable mann]1 & has ev] s9ce be5 celebrat$ z a m>tyr & a great "*4 #gd4 ,i ,,! ,,e-,,day ,,/&>d4--,"o w seldom g wrong if "o attributes extreme actions to vanity1 av]age ones to habit1 & petty ones to fe>4 #ge4 ,,misund]/&+ ,,conc]n+ ,,virtue4--,:oev] has kn[n immorality 9 connection ) pleasure1 z is ! case ) a man :o has a pleasure-seek+ y\? beh9d him1 imag9es t virtue mu/ be connect$ ) abs5ce ( pleasure4--,:oev]1 on ! contr>y1 has be5 mu* plagu$ by 8 passions & vices1 longs to f9d 9 virtue peace & ! s\l's happ9ess4 ,h5ce x is possible = two virtu\s p]sons n to und]/& ea* o!r at all4 #gf4 ,,! ,,ascetic4--,! ascetic makes a necessity ( virtue4 #gg4 ,,transf]r+ ,,hon\r ,,f ,,! ,,p]son ,,to ,,! ,,?+4--,de$s ( love & sacrifice = ! b5efit ( "o's neighb\r are g5]ally hon\r$1 :]ev] !y are manife/$4 ,!reby we multiply ! valuation ( ?+s :i* are ?us lov$1 or = :i* we sacrifice ourselves1 al?\gh p]haps !y are n wor? mu* 9 !mselves4 ,a brave army is conv9c$ ( ! cause = :i* x fights4 #gh4 ,,ambition ,a ,,sub/itute ,,= ,,! ,,moral ,,s5se4--,! moral s5se mu/ n be lack+ 9 ^? natures :i* h no ambition4 ,! ambiti\s manage )\t x1 ) almo/ ! same results4 ,= ?is reason ! sons ( unpret5ti\s1 unambiti\s families1 :5 once !y lose ! moral s5se1 g5]ally deg5]ate v quickly into complete scamps4 #gi4 ,,vanity ,,enri*es4--,h[ poor w\ld be ! human m9d )\t vanity6 ,?us1 h[ev]1 x resembles a well-/ock$ & con/antly repl5i%$ baza> :i* attracts buy]s ( e k9d4 ,!re !y c f9d almo/ ev]y?+1 obta9 almo/ ev]y?+1 provid$ t !y br+ ! "r sort ( co91 namely admiration4 #hj4 ,,old ,,age ,,& ,,dea?4--,ap>t f ! comm&s ( religion1 ! "q may well be ask$1 ,:y is x m wor?y = an old man :o feels 8 p[]s decl9e1 to await 8 sl[ exhau/ion & ext9ction ?an ) full consci\sness to set a limit to 8 life8 ,suicide 9 ?is case is a p]fectly natural1 obvi\s action1 :i* %\ld ju/ly ar\se respect z a triumph ( reason1 & did ar\se x 9 ^? times :5 ! heads ( ,greek philosophy & ! /urdie/ patriots us$ to seek dea? ?r\gh suicide4 ,! seek+1 on ! contr>y1 to prolong exi/5ce f day to day1 ) anxi\s consultation ( doctors & pa9ful mode ( liv+1 )\t ! p[] ( draw+ ne>] to ! actual aim ( life1 is f> less wor?y4 ,religion is ri* 9 excuses to reply to ! dem& = suicide1 & ?us x +ratiates itself ) ^? :o wi% to cl+ to life4 #ha4 ,,errors ,,( ,,! ,,suff]] ,,& ,,! ,,do]4--,:5 a ri* man deprives a poor man ( a possession 7= in/ance1 a pr9ce tak+ ! swee!>t ( a plebeian71 an error arises 9 ! m9d ( ! poor man2 he ?9ks t ! ri* man mu/ be utt]ly infam\s to take away f him ! little t he has4 ,b ! ri* man does n e/imate s highly ! value ( a s+le possession1 because he is accu/om$ to h _m2 h5ce he _c imag9e himself 9 ! poor man's place1 & does n commit ne>ly s great a wrong z ! latt] supposes4 ,!y ea* h a mi/ak5 idea ( ! o!r4 ,! inju/ice ( ! p[]ful1 :i*1 m ?an any?+ else1 r\ses indignation 9 hi/ory1 is by no means s great z x appe>s4 ,alone ! m]e inh]it$ consci\sness ( be+ a high] creation1 ) high] claims1 produces a cold temp]am5t1 & leaves ! consci5ce quiet2 we all ( u feel no inju/ice :5 ! diff]5ce is v great betwe5 ourselves & ano!r creature1 & kill a fly1 = in/ance1 )\t any pricks ( consci5ce4 ,!re=e x 0 no sign ( badness 9 ,x]xes 7:om ev5 all ,greeks describe z sup]latively noble7 :5 he took a son away f 8 fa!r & _h him cut 9 pieces1 because he _h express$ a n]v\s1 om9\s di/ru/ ( ! :ole campaign2 9 ?is case ! individual is put out ( ! way l an unpleasant insect2 he is too l[ly to be all[$ any long] to cause annoyance to a rul] ( ! _w4 ,yes1 e cruel man is n s cruel z ! ill-treat$ "o imag9es ! idea ( pa9 is n ! same z its endurance4 ,x is ! same ?+ 9 ! case ( unju/ judges1 ( ! j\rnali/ :o leads public op9ion a/ray by small di%one/ies4 ,9 all ^! cases cause & effect are surr\nd$ by entirely diff]5t gr\ps ( feel+s & ?\ghts2 yet "o unconsci\sly takes x = grant$ t do] & suff]] ?9k & feel alike1 & accord+ to ?is supposition we measure ! guilt ( ! "o by ! pa9 ( ! o!r4 #hb4 ,,! ,,sk9 ,,( ,,! ,,s\l4--,z ! bones1 fle%1 entrails1 & blood-vessels are enclos$ )9 a sk91 :i* makes ! aspect ( man endurable1 s ! emotions & passions ( ! s\l are enwrapp$ ) vanity1--x is ! sk9 ( ! s\l4 #hc4 ,,! ,,sleep ,,( ,,virtue4--,:5 virtue has slept1 x w arise aga9 all ! fre%]4 #hd4 ,,! ,,ref9em5t ,,( ,,%ame4--,p are n a%am$ to ?9k some?+ f\l1 b !y are a%am$ :5 !y ?9k ^! f\l ?\ghts are attribut$ to !m4 #he4 ,,malice ,,is ,,r>e4--,mo/ p are f> too mu* occupi$ ) !mselves to be malici\s4 #hf4 ,,! ,,tongue ,,9 ,,! ,,balance4--,we praise or blame accord+ z ! "o or ! o!r af=ds m opportunity = exhibit+ our p[] ( judgm5t4 #hg4 ,,/4 ,,luke ,,xviii4 #ad1 ,,improv$4--,he t humble? himself wi%es to be exalt$4 #hh4 ,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,suicide4--,!re is a c]ta9 "r by :i* we may deprive a man ( life1 b none by :i* we may deprive him ( dea?2 ?is is m]e cruelty4 #hi4 ,,vanity4--,we c>e = ! good op9ion ( m51 fir/ly because !y are useful to u1 & !n because we wi% to please !m 7*ildr5 _! p>5ts1 pupils _! tea*]s1 & well-mean+ p g5]ally _! fell[-m574 ,only :]e ! good op9ion ( m5 is ( importance to "s "o1 ap>t f ! advantage !re( or 8 wi% to please1 c we speak ( vanity4 ,9 ?is case ! man wi%es to please himself1 b at ! exp5se ( 8 fell[-m51 ei!r by mislead+ !m into hold+ a false op9ion ab\t him1 or by aim+ at a degree ( good op9ion :i* mu/ be pa9ful to e "o else 7by ar\s+ envy74 ,! individual usually wi%es to corroborate ! op9ion he holds ( himself by ! op9ion ( o!rs1 & to /r5g!n x 9 8 own eyes2 b ! /rong habit ( au?ority--a habit z old z man himself --induces _m to support by au?ority _! belief 9 !mselves3 t is to say1 !y accept x fir/ f o!rs2 !y tru/ ! judgm5t ( o!rs m ?an _! own4 ,! int]e/ 9 himself1 ! wi% to please himself1 atta9s to su* a height 9 a va9 man t he misleads o!rs into hav+ a false1 all too elevat$ e/imation ( him1 & yet nev]!less sets /ore by _! au?ority1--?us caus+ an error & yet believ+ 9 x4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 !re=e1 t va9 p d n wi% to please o!rs s mu* z !mselves1 & t !y g s f> !re9 z to neglect _! advantage1 = !y (t5 endeav\r to prejudice _! fell[-m5 unfav\rably1 inimicably1 envi\sly1 consequ5tly injuri\sly aga9/ !mselves1 m]ely 9 ord] to h pleasure 9 !mselves1 p]sonal pleasure4 #ij4 ,,! ,,limits ,,( ,,human ,,love4--,a man :o has decl>$ t ano!r is an idiot & a bad companion1 is angry :5 ! latt] ev5tually proves himself to be o!rwise4 #ia4 ,,moralit ,,l>moyante4--,:at a great deal ( pleasure morality gives6 ,only ?9k :at a sea ( pleasant te>s has be5 %$ ov] descriptions ( noble & unselfi% de$s6 ,?is *>m ( life w\ld vani% if ! belief 9 absolute irresponsibility 7 to obta9 supremacy4 #ib4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,ju/ice4--,ju/ice 7equity7 has1 its orig9 among/ p[]s :i* are fairly equal1 z ,?ucydides 79 ! t]rible dialogue betwe5 ! ,a!nian & ,melian ambassadors7 rightly compreh5d$3 t is to say1 :]e !re is no cle>ly recognisable supremacy1 & :]e a conflict w\ld be useless & w\ld injure bo? sides1 !re arises ! ?\ght ( com+ to an und]/&+ & settl+ ! oppos+ claims2 ! "* ( ex*ange is ! prim>y "* ( ju/ice4 ,ea* p>ty satisfies ! o!r1 z ea* obta9s :at he values m ?an ! o!r4 ,ea* "o receives t :i* he desires1 z 8 own h5ce=?1 & :atev] is desir$ is receiv$ 9 return4 ,ju/ice1 !re=e1 is recomp5se & ex*ange bas$ on ! hypo!sis ( a fairly equal degree ( p[]1--?us1 orig9ally1 rev5ge belongs to ! prov9ce ( ju/ice1 x is an ex*ange4 ,also gratitude4--,ju/ice naturally is bas$ on ! po9t ( view ( a judici\s self-pres]vation1 on ! egoism1 !re=e1 ( t reflection1 ,:y %\ld ,i injure myself uselessly & p]haps n atta9 my aim aft] all8 ,s mu* ab\t ! orig9 ( ju/ice4 ,because man1 accord+ to 8 intellectual cu/om1 has =gott5 ! orig9al purpose ( s-call$ j & reasonable actions1 & p>ticul>ly because = hundr$s ( ye>s *ildr5 h be5 taught to admire & imitate su* actions1 ! idea has gradually aris5 t su* an action is un-egoi/ic2 ^u ?is idea1 h[ev]1 is bas$ ! high e/imation 9 :i* x is held3 :i*1 moreov]1 l all valuations1 is con/antly gr[+1 = some?+ t is valu$ highly is /riv5 aft]1 imitat$1 multipli$1 & increases1 because ! value ( ! output ( toil & en?usiasm ( ea* individual is add$ to ! value ( ! ?+ itself4 ,h[ little moral w\ld ! _w look )\t ?is =getfulness6 ,a poet might say t ,god _h plac$ =getfulness z door-keep] 9 ! temple ( human dignity4 #ic4 ,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,! ,,weak]4--,:5 any "o submits "u c]ta9 conditions to a great] p[]1 z a besieg$ t[n = in/ance1 ! c\nt]-condition is t "o c de/roy "o's self1 burn ! t[n1 & s cause ! mighty "o a great loss4 ,!re=e !re is a k9d ( equalisation "h1 on ! basis ( :i* rights may be det]m9$4 ,! enemy has 8 advantage 9 ma9ta9+ x4 ,9 s f> !re are also rights betwe5 slaves & ma/]s1 t is1 precisely s f> z ! possession ( ! slave is useful & important to 8 ma/]4 ,! "r orig9ally ext5ds s f> z "o appe>s to be valuable to ! o!r1 ess5tially unlosable1 unconqu]able1 & s =?4 ,9 s f> ! weak] "o also has rights1 b less] ones4 ,h5ce ! fam\s unusquisque tantum juris habet1 quantum pot5tia valet 7or m exactly1 quantum pot5tia val]e cr$itur74 #id4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,phases ,,( ,,hi!rto ,,exi/+ ,,morality4--,x is ! fir/ sign t ! animal has become man :5 its actions no long] h reg>d only to mom5t>y welf>e1 b to :at is endur+1 :5 x gr[s useful & practical2 !re ! free rule ( reason fir/ breaks out4 ,a /ill high] /ep is rea*$ :5 he acts accord+ to ! pr9ciple ( hon\r by ?is means he br+s himself into ord]1 submits to common feel+s1 & t exalts him /ill high] ov] ! phase 9 :i* he 0 l$ only by ! idea ( usefulness f a p]sonal po9t ( view2 he respects & wi%es to be respect$1 i4e4 he und]/&s usefulness z dep5d5t ^u :at he ?9ks ( o!rs & :at o!rs ?9k ( him4 ,ev5tually he acts1 on ! highe/ /ep ( ! hi!rto exi/+--morality1 accord+ to 8 /&>d ( ?+s & m52 he himself decides = himself & o!rs :at is hon\rable1 :at is useful2 he has become ! law-giv] ( op9ions1 9 accordance ) ! ev] m highly develop$ idea ( :at is useful & hon\rable4 ,k enables him to place t :i* is mo/ useful1 t is to say ! g5]al1 endur+ usefulness1 above ! p]sonal1 ! hon\rable recognition ( g5]al1 endur+ validity above ! mom5t>y2 he lives & acts z a collective individual4 #ie4 ,,! ,,morality ,,( ,,! ,,mature ,,individual4--,! imp]sonal has hi!rto be5 look$ ^u z ! actual di/+ui%+ m>k ( moral action2 & x has be5 po9t$ out t 9 ! beg9n+ x 0 9 consid]ation ( ! common good t all imp]sonal actions 7 prais$ & di/+ui%$4 ,is n an important *ange 9 ^! views imp5d+1 n[ :5 x is m & m recognis$ t x is precisely 9 ! mo/ p]sonal possible consid]ations t ! common good is ! greate/1 s t a /rictly p]sonal action n[ be/ illu/rates ! pres5t idea ( morality1 z utility = ! mass8 ,to make a :ole p]sonality out ( ourselves1 & 9 all t we d to keep t p]sonality's highe/ good 9 view1 c>ries u fur!r ?an ^? sympa!tic emotions & actions = ! b5efit ( o!rs4 ,we all /ill suff]1 c]ta9ly1 f ! too small consid]ation ( ! p]sonal 9 u2 x is badly develop$1--let u admit x2 r has our m9d be5 =cibly drawn away f x & (f]$ z a sacrifice to ! ,/ate1 to sci5ce1 or to ^? :o /& 9 ne$ ( help1 z if x 7 ! bad "p :i* mu/ be sacrific$4 ,we are /ill will+ to "w = our fell[-m51 b only s f> z we f9d our own greate/ advantage 9 ?is "w1 no m & no less4 ,x is only a "q ( :at we und]/& z our advantage2 ! unripe1 undevelop$1 crude individual w und]/& x 9 ! crude/ way4 #if4 ,,cu/om ,,& ,,morality4--,to be moral1 correct1 & virtu\s is to be ob$i5t to an old-e/abli%$ law & cu/om4 ,:e!r we submit ) difficulty or will+ly is immat]ial1 en\gh t we d s4 ,he is call$ good :o1 z if naturally1 aft] long prec$5t1 easily & will+ly1 !re=e1 does :at is "r1 accord+ to :atev] ?is may be 7z1 = in/ance1 tak+ rev5ge1 if to take rev5ge be consid]$ z "r1 z among/ ! anci5t ,greeks74 ,he is call$ good because he is good = some?+2 b z goodwill1 pity1 consid]ation1 mod]ation1 & su* l1 h come1 ) ! *ange 9 mann]s1 to be look$ ^u z good = some?+1 z useful1 ! good-natur$ & helpful h1 lat] on1 come to be di/+ui%$ specially z good4 7,9 ! beg9n+ o!r & m important k9ds ( usefulness /ood 9 ! =egr\nd47 ,to be evil is to be n moral 7immoral71 to be immoral is to be 9 opposition to tradition1 h[ev] s5sible or /upid x may be2 injury to ! community 7! neighb\r be+ und]/ood !reby7 has1 h[ev]1 be5 look$ ^u by ! social laws ( all diff]5t ages z be+ em95tly ! actual immorality1 s t n[ at ! ^w evil we imm$iately ?9k ( volunt>y injury to "o's neighb\r4 ,! fundam5tal anti!sis :i* has taught man ! di/9ction betwe5 moral & immoral1 betwe5 good & evil1 is n ! egoi/ic & un-egoi/ic1 b ! be+ b\nd to ! tradition1 law1 & solution !re(4 ,h[ ! tradition has aris5 is immat]ial1 at all ev5ts )\t reg>d to good & evil or any imman5t categorical imp]ative1 b above all = ! purpose ( pres]v+ a community1 a g5]ation1 an association1 a p2 e sup]/iti\s cu/om t has aris5 on acc\nt ( "s falsely expla9$ accid5t1 creates a tradition1 :i* x is moral to foll[2 to sep>ate "o's self f x is dang]\s1 b m dang]\s = ! community ?an = ! individual 7because ! ,godhead puni%es ! community = e outrage & e violation ( its rights1 & ! individual only 9 proportion74 ,n[ e tradition gr[s cont9ually m v5]able1 ! f>!r (f lies its orig91 ! m ?is is lo/ sight (2 ! v5]ation paid x accumulates f g5]ation to g5]ation1 ! tradition at la/ becomes holy & excites awe2 & ?us 9 any case ! morality ( piety is a mu* old] morality ?an t :i* requires un-egoi/ic actions4 #ig4 ,,pleasure ,,9 ,,traditional ,,cu/om4--,an important species ( pleasure1 & !re) ! s\rce ( morality1 arises out ( habit4 ,man does :at is habitual to him m easily1 bett]1 & !re=e m will+ly2 he feels a pleasure !re91 & kn[s f exp]i5ce t ! habitual has be5 te/$1 & is !re=e useful2 a cu/om t we c live ) is prov$ to be :olesome & advantage\s 9 contra/ to all new & n yet te/$ exp]im5ts4 ,accord+ to ?is1 morality is ! union ( ! pleasant & ! useful2 moreov]1 x requires no reflection4 ,z soon z man c use compulsion1 he uses x to introduce & en=ce 8 cu/oms2 = 9 8 eyes !y are prov$ z ! wisdom ( life4 ,9 ! same way a company ( individuals compels ea* s+le "o to adopt ! same cu/oms4 ,"h ! inf]5ce is wrong2 because we feel at ease ) a morality1 or at lea/ because we are able to c>ry on exi/5ce ) x1 !re=e ?is morality is necess>y1 = x seems to be ! only possibility ( feel+ at ease2 ! ease ( life seems to gr[ out ( x alone4 ,?is compreh5sion ( ! habitual z a necessity ( exi/5ce is pursu$ ev5 to ! smalle/ details ( cu/om1--z insight into g5u9e causality is v small ) l[] peoples & civilisations1 !y take precautions ) sup]/iti\s fe> t ev]y?+ %\ld g 9 its same groove2 ev5 :]e cu/om is difficult1 h>d1 & burd5some1 x is pres]v$ on acc\nt ( its app>5t highe/ usefulness4 ,x is n kn[n t ! same degree ( well-be+ c also exi/ ) o!r cu/oms1 & t ev5 high] degrees may be atta9$4 ,we become aw>e1 h[ev]1 t all cu/oms1 ev5 ! h>de/1 gr[ pleasant] & mild] ) "t1 & t ! sev]e/ way ( life may become a habit & !re=e a pleasure4 #ih4 ,,pleasure ,,& ,,social ,,in/9ct4--,out ( 8 relations ) o!r m51 man obta9s a new species ( pleasure 9 addition to ^? pleasurable s5sations :i* he d]ives f himself2 :]eby he greatly increases ! scope ( enjoym5t4 ,p]haps he has already tak5 too _m ( ! pleasures ( ?is sph]e f animals1 :i* visibly feel pleasure :5 !y play ) ea* o!r1 especially ! "m ) h] "y4 ,!n consid] ! sexual relations1 :i* make almo/ e female int]e/+ to a male ) reg>d to pleasure1 & vice v]sa4 ,! feel+ ( pleasure on ! basis ( human relations g5]ally makes man bett]2 joy 9 common1 pleasure enjoy$ toge!r is increas$1 x gives ! individual security1 makes him good-temp]$1 & dispels mi/ru/ & envy1 = we feel ourselves at ease & see o!rs at ease4 ,simil> manife/ations ( pleasure awak5 ! idea ( ! same s5sations1 ! feel+ ( be+ l some?+2 a l effect is produc$ by common suff]+s1 ! same bad wea!r1 dang]s1 enemies4 ,^u ?is f\ndation is bas$ ! olde/ alliance1 ! object ( :i* is ! mutual obviat+ & av]t+ ( a ?reat5+ dang] = ! b5efit ( ea* individual4 ,& ?us ! social in/9ct gr[s out ( pleasure4 #ii4 ,,! ,,innoc5t ,,side ,,( ,,s-,,call$ ,,evil ,,actions4--,all evil actions are prompt$ by ! in/9ct ( pres]vation1 or1 m exactly1 by ! desire = pleasure & ! avoidance ( pa9 on ! "p ( ! individual2 ?us prompt$1 b n evil4 ,to cause pa9 p] se does n exi/1 except 9 ! bra9s ( philosoph]s1 nei!r does to give pleasure p] se 7pity 9 ,s*op5hau]'s mean+74 ,9 ! social condition be=e ! ,/ate we kill ! creature1 be x ape or man1 :o tries to take f u ! fruit ( a tree :5 we are hungry & approa* ! tree1 z we %\ld /ill d ) animals 9 inhospitable c\ntries4 ,! evil actions :i* n[ mo/ r\se our indignation1 are bas$ ^u ! error t he :o causes !m has a free w1 t he _h ! option1 !re=e1 ( n do+ u ?is injury4 ,?is belief 9 option ar\ses hatr$1 desire = rev5ge1 spite1 & ! det]ioration ( ! :ole imag9ation1 :ile we are mu* less angry ) an animal because we consid] x irresponsible4 ,to d injury1 n f ! in/9ct ( pres]vation1 b z requital1 is ! consequ5ce ( a false judgm5t & !re=e equally innoc5t4 ,! individual c 9 ! condition :i* lies be=e ! ,/ate1 act /]nly & cruelly t[>ds o!r creatures = ! purpose ( t]rify+1 to e/abli% 8 exi/5ce firmly by su* t]rify+ pro(s ( 8 p[]4 ,?us act ! viol5t1 ! mighty1 ! orig9al f\nd]s ( ,/ates1 :o subdue ! weak] to !mselves4 ,!y h ! "r to d s1 su* z ! ,/ate /ill takes = itself2 or r1 !re is no "r t c h9d] ?is4 ,! gr\nd = all-morality c only be made ready :5 a /rong] individual or a collective individual1 = in/ance society or ! ,/ate1 subdues ! s+le individuals14draws !m out ( _! s+l5ess1 & =ms !m into an association44 ,compulsion prec$es morality1 inde$ morality itself is compulsion = a "t1 to :i* "o submits = ! avoidance ( pa94 ,lat] on x becomes cu/om1--lat] /ill1 free ob$i5ce1 & f9ally almo/ in/9ct1--!n1 l ev]y?+ long accu/om$ & natural1 x is connect$ ) pleasure--& is h5ce=? call$ virtue4 #ajj4 ,,%ame4--,%ame exi/s ev]y:]e :]e !re is a my/]y2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is a religi\s idea1 :i* 0 widely ext5d$ 9 ! old] times ( human civilisation4 ,ev]y:]e 7 f\nd b\nd$ doma9s to :i* access 0 =bidd5 by div9e "r1 except "u c]ta9 conditions 2 at fir/ locally1 z1 = example1 c]ta9 spots t ought n to be trodd5 by ! feet ( ! un9itiat$1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( :i* ^! latt] exp]i5c$ horror & fe>4 ,?is feel+ 0 a good deal c>ri$ ov] into o!r relations1 = in/ance1 ! sex relations1 :i*1 z a privilege & o ( rip] ye>s1 _h to be )held f ! k ( ! "y = _! advantage1 relations = ! protection & sanctification ( :i* _m gods 7 inv5t$ & 7 set up z gu>dians 9 ! nuptial *amb]4 7,9 ,turki% ?is room is on ?is acc\nt call$ h>em1 sanctu>y1 & is di/+ui%$ ) ! same "n1 !re=e1 t is us$ = ! entrance c\rts ( ! mosques47 ,?us ! k+dom is z a c5tre f :i* radiate p[] & glory1 to ! subjects a my/]y full ( secrecy & %ame1 ( :i* _m aft]-effects may /ill be felt among nations :i* o!rwise d n by any means belong to ! ba%ful type4 ,simil>ly1 ! :ole _w ( inn] conditions1 ! s-call$ s\l1 is /ill a my/]y = all :o are n philosoph]s1 aft] x has be5 look$ ^u = endless ages z ( div9e orig9 & z wor?y ( div9e int]c\rse2 accord+ to ?is x is an o & ar\ses %ame4 #aja4 ,,judge ,,n4--,9 consid]+ e>li] p]iods1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to fall into unju/ abuse4 ,! inju/ice 9 slav]y1 ! cruelty 9 ! suppression ( p]sons & nations1 is n to be measur$ by our /&>d4 ,= ! in/9ct ( ju/ice 0 n !n s f> develop$4 ,:o d>es to reproa* ! ,g5evese ,calv9 ) ! burn+ ( ! physician ,s]vet8 ,x 0 an action foll[+ & result+ f 8 convictions1 & 9 ! same way ! ,inquisition _h a good "r2 only ! rul+ views 7 false1 & produc$ a result :i* seems h>d to u because ^? views h n[ gr[n /range to u4 ,besides1 :at is ! burn+ ( a s+le individual comp>$ ) et]nal pa9s ( hell = almo/ all6 ,& yet ?is idea 0 univ]sal at t "t1 )\t ess5tially injur+ by its dreadfulness ! conception ( a ,god4 ,) u1 too1 political sect>ians are h>dly & cruelly treat$1 b because "o is accu/om$ to believe 9 ! necessity ( ! ,/ate1 ! cruelty is n s deeply felt "h z x is :]e we repudiate ! views4 ,cruelty to animals 9 *ildr5 & ,italians is due to ignorance1 i4e4 ! animal1 ?r\gh ! int]e/s ( ,*ur* tea*+1 has be5 plac$ too f> beh9d man4 ,mu* t is dreadful & inhuman 9 hi/ory1 mu* t "o h>dly likes to believe1 is mitigat$ by ! reflection t ! "o :o comm&s & ! "o :o c>ries out are diff]5t p]sons1--! =m] does n behold ! "r & !re=e does n exp]i5ce ! /rong impression on ! imag9ation2 ! latt] obeys a sup]ior & !re=e feels no responsibility4 ,mo/ pr9ces & milit>y heads1 ?r\gh lack ( imag9ation1 easily appe> h>d & cruel )\t really be+ s4 ,egoism is n evil1 because ! idea ( ! neighb\r--! ^w is ( ,*ri/ian orig9 & does n repres5t ! tru?--is v weak 9 u2 & we feel ourselves almo/ z free & irresponsible t[>ds him z t[>ds plants & /ones4 ,we h yet to le>n t o!rs suff]1 & ?is c nev] be completely le>nt4 #ajb4 ,,man ,,always ,,acts ,,rightly4--,we d n compla9 ( nature z immoral because x s5ds a ?und]/orm & makes u wet1--:y d we call ^? :o injure u immoral8 ,because 9 ! latt] case we take = grant$ a free w function+ volunt>ily2 9 ! =m] we see necessity4 ,b ?is di/9ction is an error4 ,?us we d n call ev5 int5tional injury immoral 9 all circum/ances2 = in/ance1 we kill a fly unhesitat+ly & int5tionally1 only because its buzz+ annoys u2 we puni% a crim9al int5tionally & hurt him 9 ord] to protect ourselves & society4 ,9 ! fir/ case x is ! individual :o1 9 ord] to pres]ve himself1 or ev5 to protect himself f worry1 does int5tional injury2 9 ! second case x is ! ,/ate4 ,all morals all[ int5tional injury 9 ! case ( necessity1 t is1 :5 x is a matt] ( self-pres]vation6 ,b ^! two po9ts ( view suffice to expla9 all evil actions committ$ by m5 aga9/ m51 we are desir\s ( obta9+ pleasure or avoid+ pa92 9 any case x is always a "q ( self-pres]vation4 ,socrates & ,plato are "r3 :atev] man does he always does well1 t is1 he does t :i* seems to him good 7useful7 accord+ to ! degree ( 8 intellect1 ! p>ticul> /&>d ( 8 reasonabl5ess4 #ajc4 ,,! ,,h>mlessness ,,( ,,malice4--,! aim ( malice is n ! suff]+ ( o!rs 9 itself1 b our own enjoym5t2 = in/ance1 z ! feel+ ( rev5ge1 or /rong] n]v\s excitem5t4 ,all teas+1 ev51 %[s ! pleasure x gives to ex]cise our p[] on o!rs & br+ x to an enjoyable feel+ ( prepond]ance4 ,is x immoral to ta/e pleasure at ! exp5se ( ano!r's pa98 ,is malici\s joy#c devili%1 z ,s*op5hau] says8 ,we give ourselves pleasure 9 nature by break+ (f twigs1 loos5+ /ones1 fight+ ) wild animals1 & d ?is 9 ord] to become !reby consci\s ( our /r5g?4 ,is ! k1 !re=e1 t ano!r suff]s ?r\gh u1 ! same ?+ conc]n+ :i* we o!rwise feel irresponsible1 suppos$ to make u immoral8 ,b if we did n "k ?is we w\ld n !reby h ! enjoym5t ( our own sup]iority1 :i* c only manife/ itself by ! suff]+ ( o!rs1 = in/ance 9 teas+4 ,all pleasure p] se is nei!r good nor evil2 :5ce %\ld come ! decision t 9 ord] to h pleasure ourselves we may n cause displeasure to o!rs8 ,f ! po9t ( view ( usefulness alone1 t is1 out ( consid]ation = ! consequ5ces1 = possible displeasure1 :5 ! injur$ "o or ! replac+ ,/ate gives ! expectation ( res5tm5t & rev5ge3 ?is only c h be5 ! orig9al reason = d5y+ ourselves su* actions4 ,pity aims j z little at ! pleasure ( o!rs z malice at ! pa9 ( o!rs p] se4 ,= x conta9s at lea/ two 7p]haps _m m7 elem5ts ( a p]sonal pleasure1 & is s f> self-gratification2 9 ! fir/ place z ! pleasure ( emotion1 :i* is ! k9d ( pity t exi/s 9 trag$y1 & !n1 :5 x impels to action1 z ! pleasure ( satisfaction 9 ! ex]cise ( p[]4 ,if1 besides ?is1 a suff]+ p]son is v de> to u1 we lift a sorr[ f ourselves by ! ex]cise ( sympa!tic actions4 ,except by a few philosoph]s1 pity has always be5 plac$ v l[ 9 ! scale ( moral feel+s1 & rightly s4 #ajd4 ,,self-,,def5ce4--,if self-def5ce is all[$ to pass z moral1 !n almo/ all manife/ations ( ! s-call$ immoral egoism mu/ also /&2 m5 injure1 rob1 or kill 9 ord] to pres]ve or def5d !mselves1 to prev5t p]sonal injury2 !y lie :]e cunn+ & dissimulation are ! "r means ( self-pres]vation4 ,int5tional injury1 :5 our exi/5ce or safety 7pres]vation ( our com=t7 is conc]n$1 is conc$$ to be moral2 ! ,/ate itself injures1 accord+ to ?is po9t ( view1 :5 x puni%es4 ,9 un9t5tional injury1 ( c\rse1 !re c be no?+ immoral1 t is rul$ by *ance4 ,is !re1 !n1 a k9d ( int5tional injury :]e our exi/5ce or ! pres]vation ( our com=t is n conc]n$8 ,is !re an injur+ out ( pure malice1 = in/ance 9 cruelty8 ,if "o does n "k h[ mu* an action hurts1 x is no de$ ( malice2 ?us ! *ild is n malici\s t[>ds ! animal1 n evil2 he exam9es & de/roys x l a toy4 ,b d we ev] "k entirely h[ an action hurts ano!r8 ,z f> z our n]v\s sy/em ext5ds we protect ourselves f pa92 if x ext5d$ f>!r1 to our fell[-m51 namely1 we %\ld d no "o an injury 7except 9 su* cases z we injure ourselves1 :]e we cut ourselves = ! sake ( cure1 tire & ex]t ourselves = ! sake ( heal?74 ,we conclude by analogy t some?+ hurts somebody1 & ?r\gh memory & ! /r5g? ( imag9ation we may suff] f x ourselves4 ,b /ill :at a diff]5ce !re is betwe5 too?a*e & ! pa9 7pity7 t ! sight ( too?a*e calls =?6 ,!re=e1 9 injury out ( s-call$ malice ! degree ( pa9 produc$ is always unkn[n to u2 b inasmu* z !re is pleasure 9 ! action 7! feel+ ( "o's own p[]1 "o's own /rong excitem5t71 ! action is committ$1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! com=t ( ! individual1 & is reg>d$1 !re=e1 f a simil> po9t ( view z def5ce & falsehood 9 necessity4 ,no life )\t pleasure2 ! /ruggle = pleasure is ! /ruggle = life4 ,:e!r ! individual s fights ?is fight t m5 call him good1 or s t !y call him evil1 is det]m9$ by ! measure & ! con/itution ( 8 intellect4 #aje4 ,,recomp5s+ ,,ju/ice4--,:oev] has completely compreh5d$ ! doctr9e ( absolute irresponsibility c no long] include ! s-call$ puni%+ & recomp5s+ ju/ice 9 ! idea ( ju/ice1 %\ld ?is consi/ ( giv+ to ea* man 8 due4 ,= he :o is puni%$ does n des]ve ! puni%m5t1 he is only us$ z a means ( h5ce=? w>n+ away f c]ta9 actions2 equally s1 he :o is rew>d$ does n m]it ?is rew>d1 he c\ld n act o!rwise ?an he did4 ,!re=e ! rew>d is meant only z an enc\ragem5t to him & o!rs1 to provide a motive = subsequ5t actions2 words ( praise are flung to ! runn]s on ! c\rse1 n to ! "o :o has rea*$ ! goal4 ,nei!r puni%m5t nor rew>d is any?+ t comes to "o z "o's own2 !y are giv5 f motives ( usefulness1 )\t "o hav+ a "r to claim !m4 ,h5ce we mu/ say1 ,! wise man gives no rew>d because ! de$ has be5 well done1 j z we h said1 ,! wise man does n puni% because evil has be5 committ$1 b 9 ord] t evil %all n be committ$4 ,if puni%m5t & rew>d no long] exi/$1 !n ! /ronge/ motives :i* det] m5 f c]ta9 actions & impel !m to c]ta9 o!r actions1 w\ld also no long] exi/2 ! ne$s ( mank9d require _! cont9uance2 & inasmu* z puni%m5t & rew>d1 blame & praise1 "w mo/ s5sibly on vanity1 ! same ne$ requires ! cont9uance ( vanity4 #ajf4 ,,at ,,! ,,wat]fall4--,9 look+ at a wat]-fall we imag9e t !re is fre$om ( w & fancy 9 ! c\ntless turn+s1 twi/+s1 & break+s ( ! waves2 b ev]y?+ is compulsory1 e movem5t c be ma!matically calculat$4 ,s x is also ) human actions2 "o w\ld h to be able to calculate e s+le action be=eh& if "o 7 all-kn[+2 equally s all progress ( k1 e error1 all malice4 ,! "o :o acts c]ta9ly lab\rs "u ! illusion ( volunt>9ess2 if ! _w's :eel 7 to /& /ill = a mom5t & an all-kn[+1 calculat+ reason 7 !re to make use ( ?is pause1 x c\ld =etell ! future ( e creature to ! remote/ times1 & m>k out e track ^u :i* t :eel w\ld cont9ue to roll4 ,! delusion ( ! act+ ag5t ab\t himself1 ! supposition ( a free w1 belongs to ?is me*anism :i* /ill rema9s to be calculat$4 #ajg4 ,,irresponsibility ,,& ,,innoc5ce4--,! complete irresponsibility ( man = 8 actions & 8 nature is ! bitt]e/ drop :i* he :o und]/&s mu/ swall[ if he 0 accu/om$ to see ! pat5t ( nobility ( 8 humanity 9 responsibility & duty4 ,all 8 valuations1 di/9ctions1 dis9cl9ations1 are !reby depriv$ ( value & become false1--8 deepe/ feel+ = ! suff]] & ! h]o 0 bas$ on an error2 he may no long] ei!r praise or blame1 = x is absurd to praise & blame nature & necessity4 ,9 ! same way z he loves a f9e "w ( art1 b does n praise x1 because x c d no?+ = itself2 9 ! same way z he reg>ds plants1 s mu/ he reg>d 8 own actions & ^? ( mank9d4 ,he c admire /r5g?1 beauty1 abundance1 9 !mselves2 b mu/ f9d no m]it !re91--! *emical progress & ! /rife ( ! elem5ts1 ! torm5ts ( ! sick p]son :o ?ir/s aft] recov]y1 are all equally z little m]its z ^? /ruggles ( ! s\l & /ates ( di/ress 9 :i* we are torn hi!r & ?i!r by diff]5t impulses until we f9ally decide = ! /ronge/--z we say 7b 9 reality x is ! /ronge/ motive :i* decides = u74 ,all ^! motives1 h[ev]1 :atev] f9e names we may give !m1 h all gr[n out ( ! same root1 9 :i* we believe ! evil poisons to be situat$2 betwe5 good & evil actions !re is no diff]5ce ( species1 b at mo/ ( degree4 ,good actions are sublimat$ evil ones2 evil actions are vulg>is$ & /upefi$ good ones4 ,! s+le long+ ( ! individual = self-gratification 7toge!r ) ! fe> ( los+ x7 satisfies itself 9 all circum/ances3 man may act z he c1 t is z he mu/1 be x 9 de$s ( vanity1 rev5ge1 pleasure1 usefulness1 malice1 cunn+2 be x 9 de$s ( sacrifice1 ( pity1 ( k4 ,! degrees ( ! p[] ( judgm5t det]m9e :i!r any "o lets himself be drawn ?r\gh ?is long+2 to e society1 to e individual1 a scale ( possessions is cont9ually pres5t1 accord+ to :i* he det]m9es 8 actions & judges ^? ( o!rs4 ,b ?is /&>d *anges con/antly2 _m actions are call$ evil & are only /upid1 because ! degree ( intellig5ce :i* decid$ = !m 0 v l[4 ,9 a c]ta9 s5se1 ev51 all actions are /ill /upid2 = ! highe/ degree ( human intellig5ce :i* c n[ be atta9$ w assur$ly be yet surpass$1 & !n1 9 a retrospect1 all our actions & judgm5ts w appe> z limit$ & ha/y z ! actions & judgm5ts ( primitive wild peoples n[ appe> limit$ & ha/y to u4 ,to recognise all ?is may be deeply pa9ful1 b consolation comes aft]2 su* pa9s are ! pangs ( bir?4 ,! butt]fly wants to break ?r\gh its *rysalis3 x r5ds & te>s x1 & is !n bl9d$ & confus$ by ! unaccu/om$ light1 ! k+dom ( lib]ty4 ,9 su* p z are capable ( su* sadness--& h[ few are6--! fir/ exp]im5t made is to see :e!r mank9d c *ange itself f a moral into a wise mank9d4 ,! sun ( a new gospel ?r[s its rays ^u ! highe/ po9t 9 ! s\l ( ea* s+le individual1 !n ! mi/s ga!r ?ick] ?an ev]1 & ! brighte/ light & ! dre>ie/ %ad[ lie side by side4 ,ev]y?+ is necessity--s says ! new k1 & ?is k itself is necessity4 ,ev]y?+ is innoc5ce1 & k is ! road to insight into ?is innoc5ce4 ,are pleasure1 egoism1 vanity necess>y = ! production ( ! moral ph5om5a & _! highe/ result1 ! s5se = tru? & ju/ice 9 k2 7 error & ! confusion ( ! imag9ation ! only means ?r\gh :i* mank9d c\ld raise itself gradually to ?is degree ( self-enlight5m5t & self-lib]ation--:o w\ld d>e to und]value ^! means8 ,:o w\ld d>e to be sad if he p]ceiv$ ! goal to :i* ^? roads l$8 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! doma9 ( morality has evolv$1 is *angeable1 un/able1 ev]y?+ is dissolv$1 x is true2 b ev]y?+ is also /ream+ t[>ds "o goal4 ,ev5 if ! inh]it$ habit ( errone\s valuation1 love & hatr$1 cont9ue to reign 9 u1 yet "u ! influ5ce ( gr[+ k x w become weak]2 a new habit1 t ( compreh5sion1 ( n lov+1 n hat+1 ( ov]look+1 is gradually implant+ itself 9 u ^u ! same gr\nd1 & 9 ?\s&s ( ye>s w p]haps be p[]ful en\gh to give humanity ! /r5g? to produce wise1 innoc5t 7consci\sly innoc5t7 m51 z x n[ produces unwise1 guilt-consci\s m51--t is ! necess>y prelim9>y /ep1 n its opposite4 ,footnote #a3 ,dr4 ,paul ,re4--,j4,m4,k4 ,footnote #b3 ,dr4 ,paul ,re4--,j4,m4,k4 ,footnote #c3 ,?is is ! untranslatable ^w ,s*ad5freude1 :i* means joy at ! mis=tune ( o!rs4--,j4,m4,k4 ,,?ird ,,division4 ,,! ,,religi\s ,,life4 #ajh4 ,,! ,,d\ble ,,fight ,,aga9/ ,,evil4--,:5 mis=tune ov]takes u we c ei!r pass ov] ,i x s lightly t its cause is remov$1 or s t ! result :i* x has on our temp]am5t is alt]$1 ?r\gh a *ang+1 !re=e1 ( ! evil into a good1 ! utility ( :i* is p]haps n visible until lat] on4 ,religion & art 7also metaphysical philosophy7 "w ^u ! *ang+ ( ! temp]am5t1 p>tly ?r\gh ! *ang+ ( our judgm5t on ev5ts 7= in/ance1 ) ! help ( ! phrase :om ! ,"l love? ,he *a/5e?71 p>tly ?r\gh ! awak5+ ( a pleasure 9 pa91 9 emotion g5]ally 7:5ce ! tragic art takes its />t+-po9t74 ,! m a man is incl9$ to twi/ & arrange mean+s ! less he w grasp ! causes ( evil & disp]se !m2 ! mom5t>y mitigation & influ5ce ( a n>cotic1 z = example 9 too?a*e1 suffices him ev5 9 m s]i\s suff]+s4 ,! m ! dom9ion ( cre$s & all arts disp5se ) n>cotics1 ! m /rictly m5 att5d to ! actual remov+ ( ! evil1 :i* is c]ta9ly bad = writ]s ( trag$y2 = ! mat]ial = trag$y is gr[+ sc>c] because ! doma9 ( pitiless1 inexorable fate is gr[+ ev] n>r[]1--b worse /ill = ! prie/s1 = !y h hi!rto liv$ on ! n>cotisation ( human woes4 #aji4 ,,sorr[ ,,is ,,k4--,h[ greatly we %\ld l to ex*ange ! false ass]tions ( ! prie/s1 t !re is a god :o desires good f u1 a gu>dian & witness ( e action1 e mom5t1 e ?\ght1 :o loves u & seeks our welf>e 9 all mis=tune1--h[ greatly we w\ld l to ex*ange ^! ideas = tru?s :i* w\ld be j z heal+1 pacify+ & b5eficial z ^? errors6 ,b !re are no su* tru?s2 at mo/ philosophy c oppose to !m metaphysical appe>ances 7at bottom also untru?s74 ,! trag$y consi/s 9 ! fact t we _c believe ^? dogmas ( religion & metaphysics1 if we h /rict me?ods ( tru? 9 he>t & bra93 on ! o!r h&1 mank9d has1 ?r\gh developm5t1 become s delicate1 irritable & suff]+1 t x has ne$ ( ! highe/ means ( heal+ & consolation2 :5ce also ! dang] arises t man w\ld ble$ to dea? f recognis$ tru?1 or1 m correctly1 f discov]$ error4 ,byron has express$ ?is 9 ! immortal l9es3-- ,sorr[ is k3 !y :o "k ! mo/ ,mu/ m\rn ! deepe/ o'er ! fatal tru?1 ,! ,tree ( ,k is n t ( ,life4 ,= su* tr\bles !re is no bett] help ?an to recall ! /ately levity ( ,horace1 at lea/ = ! wor/ h\rs & eclipses ( ! s\l1 & to say ) him3 444 quid t]nis m9orem consiliis animum fatigas8 cur non sub alta vel platano vel hac p9u jac5tes4#a ,b assur$ly frivolity or melan*oly ( e degree is bett] ?an a romantic retrospection & des]tion ( ! flag1 an approa* to ,*ri/ianity 9 any =m2 = accord+ to ! pres5t condition ( k x is absolutely impossible to approa* x )\t hopelessly soil+ our intellectual consci5ce & giv+ ourselves away to ourselves & o!rs4 ,^? pa9s may be unpleasant en\gh1 b we _c become lead]s & educators ( mank9d )\t pa92 & woe to him :o w\ld wi% to attempt ?is & no long] h t cle> consci5ce6 #aaj4 ,,! ,,tru? ,,9 ,,religion4--,9 ! p]iod ( rationalism ju/ice 0 n done to ! importance ( religion1 ( t !re is no d\bt1 b equally !re is no d\bt t 9 ! reaction t foll[$ ?is rationalism ju/ice 0 f> ov]/epp$2 = religions 7 treat$ lov+ly1 ev5 amor\sly1 &1 = in/ance1 a deep]1 ev5 ! v deepe/1 und]/&+ ( ! _w 0 ascrib$ to !m2 :i* sci5ce has only to /rip ( its dogmatic g>m5t 9 ord] to possess ! tru? 9 unmy?ical =m4 ,religions %\ld1 !re=e1--?is 0 ! op9ion ( all oppos]s ( rationalism1--s5su allegorico1 ) all consid]ation = ! und]/&+ ( ! masses1 give utt]ance to t anci5t wisdom :i* is wisdom itself1 inasmu* z all true sci5ce ( lat] times has always l$ up to x in/ead ( away f x1 s t betwe5 ! olde/ wisdom ( mank9d & all lat] h>monies simil>ity ( disc]nm5t & a progress ( k--9 case "o %\ld wi% to speak ( su* a ?+--re/s n ^u ! nature b ^u ! way ( communicat+ x4 ,?is :ole conception ( religion & sci5ce is ?or\ghly errone\s1 & none w\ld /ill d>e to pr(ess x if ,s*op5hau]'s eloqu5ce _h n tak5 x "u its protection2 ?is resonant eloqu5ce :i*1 h[ev]1 only rea*$ its he>]s a g5]ation lat]4 ,z surely z f ,s*op5hau]'s religi\s-moral int]pretations ( m5 & ! _w mu* may be ga9$ = ! und]/&+ ( ! ,*ri/ian & o!r religions1 s surely also is he mi/ak5 ab\t ! value ( religion = k4 ,!re9 he himself 0 only a too docile pupil ( ! sci5tific tea*]s ( 8 "t1 :o all wor%ipp$ romanticism & _h =sworn ! _s ( enlight5m5t2 _h he be5 born 9 our pres5t age he c\ld n possibly h talk$ ab\t ! s5sus allegoricus ( religion2 he w\ld mu* r h giv5 hon\r to tru?1 z he us$ to d1 ) ! words1 no religion1 direct or indirect1 ei!r z dogma or z allegory1 has ev] conta9$ a tru?4 ,= ea* has be5 born ( fe> & necessity1 ?r\gh ! byways ( reason did x slip into exi/5ce2 once1 p]haps1 :5 imp]ill$ by sci5ce1 "s philosophic doctr9e has li$ itself into its sy/em 9 ord] t x may be f\nd !re lat]1 b ?is is a !ological trick ( ! "t :5 a religion already d\bts itself4 ,^! tricks ( !ology 7:i* c]ta9ly 7 practis$ 9 ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity1 z ! religion ( a s*ol>ly p]iod /eep$ 9 philosophy7 h l$ to t sup]/ition ( ! s5sus allegoricus1 b yet m ! habits ( ! philosoph]s 7especially ! half-natures1 ! poetical philosoph]s & ! philosophis+ arti/s71 to treat all ! s5sations :i* !y discov]$ 9 !mselves z ! fundam5tal nature ( man 9 g5]al1 & h5ce to all[ _! own religi\s feel+s an important influ5ce 9 ! build+ up ( _! sy/ems4 ,z philosoph]s frequ5tly philosophis$ "u ! cu/om ( religi\s habits1 or at lea/ "u ! anci5tly inh]it$ p[] ( t metaphysical ne$1 !y develop$ doctr9al op9ions :i* really bore a great resemblance to ! ,jewi% or ,*ri/ian or ,indian religi\s views1--a resemblance1 namely1 su* z *ildr5 usually be> to _! mo!rs1 only t 9 ?is case ! fa!rs 7 n cle> ab\t t mo!rhood1 z happ5s sometimes1--b 9 _! innoc5ce romanc$ ab\t a family lik5ess betwe5 all religion & sci5ce4 ,9 reality1 betwe5 religions & real sci5ce !re exi/s nei!r relation%ip nor fri5d%ip1 nor ev5 enmity2 !y live on diff]5t planets4 ,e philosophy :i* %[s a religi\s comet's tail %9+ 9 ! d>kness ( its la/ prospects makes all ! sci5ce x conta9s suspici\s2 all ?is is presumably also religion1 ev5 ?\gh 9 ! guise ( sci5ce4 ,moreov]1 if all nations 7 to agree ab\t c]ta9 religi\s matt]s1 = in/ance ! exi/5ce ( a ,god 7:i*1 x may be rem>k$1 is n ! case ) reg>d to ?is po9t71 ?is w\ld only be an argum5t aga9/ ^? affirm$ matt]s1 = in/ance ! exi/5ce ( a ,god2 ! cons5sus g5tium & hom9um 9 g5]al c only take place 9 case ( a huge folly4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is no cons5sus omnium sapi5tium1 ) reg>d to any s+le ?+1 ) t exception m5tion$ 9 ,goe!'s l9es3 ,alle die ,weise/5 all] d] ,zeit5 ,l*eln und w9k5 und /imm5 mit e93 ,?ri*t1 auf ,bess'rung d] ,?or5 zu h>r56 ,k9d] d] ,klugheit1 o habet die ,n>r5 ,eb5 zum ,n>r5 au*1 wie si*'s gehrt6#b ,spok5 )\t v]se & rhyme & appli$ to our case1 ! cons5sus sapi5tium consi/s 9 ?is3 t ! cons5sus g5tium c\nts z a folly4 #aaa4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,religi\s ,,cult4--,if we g back to ! times 9 :i* ! religi\s life fl\ri%$ to ! greate/ ext5t1 we f9d a fundam5tal conviction1 :i* we n[ no long] %>e1 & :]eby ! doors lead+ to a religi\s life are clos$ to u once = all1--x conc]ns ,nature & int]c\rse ) h]4 ,9 ^? times p knew no?+ ( natural laws2 nei!r = e>? nor = heav5 is !re a mu/2 a season1 ! sun%9e1 ! ra9 may come or may n come4 ,9 %ort1 e idea ( natural causality is lack+4 ,:5 "o r[s1 x is n ! r[+ t moves ! boat1 b r[+ is only a magical c]emony by :i* "o compels a dmon to move ! boat4 ,all maladies1 ev5 dea? itself1 are ! result ( magical influ5ces4 ,illness & dea? nev] happ5 naturally2 ! :ole conception ( natural sequ5ce is lack+1--x dawn$ fir/ among/ ! old] ,greeks1 t is1 9 a v late phase ( humanity1 9 ! conception ( ,moira1 en?ron$ above ! gods4 ,:5 a man %oots ) a b[1 !re is /ill always pres5t an irrational h& & /r5g?2 if ! wells sudd5ly dry up1 m5 ?9k fir/ ( subt]ranean dmons & _! tricks2 x mu/ be ! arr[ ( a god b5ea? ^: invisible bl[ a man sudd5ly s9ks d[n4 ,9 ,india 7says ,lubbock7 a c>p5t] is accu/om$ to (f] sacrifice to 8 hamm]1 8 hat*et1 & ! re/ ( 8 tools2 9 ! same way a ,brahm9 treats ! p5 ) :i* he writes1 a soldi] ! weapons he requires 9 ! field ( battle1 a mason 8 tr[el1 a lab\r] 8 pl\gh4 ,9 ! imag9ation ( religi\s p all nature is a summ>y ( ! actions ( consci\s & volunt>y creatures1 an enorm\s complex ( arbitr>9ess4 ,no conclusion may be drawn ) reg>d to ev]y?+ t is outside ( u1 t any?+ w be s & s1 mu/ be s & s2 ! approximately sure1 reliable are we1--man is ! rule1 nature is irregul>ity1--?is !ory conta9s ! fundam5tal conviction :i* obta9s 9 rude1 religi\sly productive primitive civilisations4 ,we latt]-day m5 feel j ! contr>y1--! ri*] man n[ feels himself inw>dly1 ! m polyphon\s is ! music & ! noise ( 8 s\l ! m p[]fully ! symmetry ( nature works ^u him2 we all recognise ) ,goe! ! great means 9 nature = ! appeas+ ( ! mod]n s\l2 we li/5 to ! p5dulum sw+ ( ?is greate/ ( clocks ) a long+ = re/1 = home & tranquillity1 z if we c\ld absorb ?is symmetry into ourselves & c\ld only !reby arrive at ! enjoym5t ( ourselves4 ,=m]ly x 0 o!rwise2 if we consid] ! rude1 e>ly condition ( nations1 or contemplate pres5t-day savages' at close qu>t]s1 we f9d !m mo/ /rongly influ5c$ by law & by tradition3 ! individual is almo/ automatically b\nd to !m1 & moves ) ! uni=mity ( a p5dulum4 ,to him ,nature--uncompreh5d$1 t]rible1 my/]i\s ,nature--mu/ appe> z ! sph]e ( lib]ty1 ( volunt>9ess1 ( ! high] p[]1 ev5 z a sup]human degree ( exi/5ce1 z ,god4 ,9 ^? times & conditions1 h[ev]1 e individual felt t 8 exi/5ce1 8 happ9ess1 & t ( ! family & ! ,/ate1 & ! success ( all und]tak+s1 dep5d$ on ^? spontaneities ( nature2 c]ta9 natural ev5ts mu/ appe> at ! "r "t1 o!rs be abs5t at ! "r "t4 ,h[ c "o h any influ5ce on ^! t]rible unkn[n ?+s1 h[ c "o b9d ! sph]e ( lib]ty8 ,?us he asks himself1 ?us he inquires anxi\sly2--is !re1 !n1 no means ( mak+ ^? p[]s z regul> ?r\gh tradition & law z y are y\rself8 ,! aim ( ^? :o believe 9 magic & miracles is to impose a law on nature1--&1 briefly1 ! religi\s cult is a result ( ?is aim4 ,! problem :i* ^? p h set !mselves is closely relat$ to ?is3 h[ c ! weak] race dictate laws to ! /rong]1 rule x1 & guide its actions 79 relation to ! weak]78 ,"o w\ld fir/ rememb] ! mo/ h>mless sort ( compulsion1 t compulsion :i* "o ex]cises :5 "o has ga9$ any "o's affection4 ,by implor+ & pray+1 by submission1 by ! obligation ( regul> taxes & gifts1 by flatt]+ glorifications1 x is also possible to ex]cise an influ5ce ^u ! p[]s ( nature1 inasmu* z "o ga9s ! affections2 love b9ds & becomes b\nd4 ,!n "o c make compacts by :i* "o is mutually b\nd to a c]ta9 behavi\r1 :]e "o gives pl$ges & ex*anges v[s4 ,b f> m important is a species ( m =cible compulsion1 by magic & wit*craft4 ,z ) ! sorc]]'s help man is able to injure a m p[]ful enemy & keep him 9 fe>1 z ! love-*>m works at a di/ance1 s ! weak] man believes he c influ5ce ! mighti] spirits ( nature4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ 9 all wit*craft is t we mu/ get into our possession some?+ t belongs to "s "o1 hair1 nails1 food f _! table1 ev5 _! portrait1 _! "n4 ,) su* app>atus we c !n practise sorc]y2 = ! fundam5tal rule is1 to ev]y?+ spiritual !re belongs some?+ corporeal2 ) ! help ( ?is we are able to b9d ! _s1 to injure x1 & de/roy x2 ! corporeal furni%es ! h&les ) :i* we c grasp ! spiritual4 ,z man controls man1 s he controls "s natural _s or o!r2 = ?is has also its corporeal "p by :i* x may be grasp$4 ,! tree &1 comp>$ ) x1 ! se$ f :i* x sprang1--?is enigmatical contra/ seems to prove t ! same _s embodi$ itself 9 bo? =ms1 n[ small1 n[ l>ge4 ,a /one t beg9s to roll sudd5ly is ! body 9 :i* a _s op]ates2 if !re is an enorm\s rock ly+ on a lonely hea? x seems impossible to conceive human /r5g? suffici5t to h br\ght x !re1 consequ5tly ! /one mu/ h mov$ !re by itself1 t is1 x mu/ be possess$ by a _s4 ,ev]y?+ t has a body is susceptible to wit*craft1 !re=e also ! natural spirits4 ,if a god is b\nd to 8 image we c use ! mo/ direct compulsion aga9/ him 7?r\gh refusal ( sacrificial food1 sc\rg+1 b9d+ 9 fett]s1 & s on74 ,9 ord] to obta9 by =ce ! miss+ fav\r ( _! god ! l[] classes 9 ,*9a w9d cords r\nd ! image ( ! "o :o has left !m 9 ! lur*1 pull x d[n & drag x ?r\gh ! /reets 9 ! du/ & ! dirt3 ,y dog ( a _s1 !y say1 we gave y a magnific5t temple to live 91 we gild$ y prettily1 we f$ y well1 we (f]$ y sacrifice1 & yet y are s ungrateful4 ,simil> =cible measures aga9/ pictures ( ! ,sa9ts & ,virg9 :5 !y refus$ to d _! duty 9 pe/il5ce or dr\ght1 h be5 witness$ ev5 dur+ ! pres5t c5tury 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries4 ,?r\gh all ^! magic relations to nature1 c\ntless c]emonies h be5 call$ into life2 & at la/1 :5 ! confusion has gr[n too great1 an endeav\r has be5 made to ord] & sy/ematise !m1 9 ord] t ! fav\rable c\rse ( ! :ole progress ( nature1 i4e4 ( ! great succession ( ! seasons1 may seem to be gu>ante$ by a correspond+ c\rse ( a sy/em ( proc$ure4 ,! ess5ce ( ! religi\s cult is to det]m9e & conf9e nature to human advantage1 to impress x ) a legality1 !re=e1 :i* x did n orig9ally possess2 :ile at ! pres5t "t we wi% to recognise ! legality ( nature 9 ord] to adapt ourselves to x4 ,9 %ort1 !n1 ! religi\s cult is bas$ ^u ! repres5tations ( sorc]y betwe5 man & man1--& ! sorc]] is old] ?an ! prie/4 ,b x is likewise bas$ ^u o!r & nobl] repres5tations2 x premises ! sympa!tic relation ( man to man1 ! pres5ce ( goodwill1 gratitude1 ! he>+ ( plead]s1 ( treaties betwe5 enemies1 ! grant+ ( pl$ges1 & ! claim to ! protection ( prop]ty4 ,9 v l[ /ages ( civilisation man does n /& 9 ! relation ( a helpless slave to nature1 he is n necess>ily its involunt>y1 bondsman4 ,9 ! ,greek grade ( religion1 p>ticul>ly 9 relation to ! ,olympian gods1 !re may ev5 be imag9$ a common life betwe5 two ca/es1 a nobl] & m p[]ful "o1 & "o less noble2 b 9 _! orig9 bo? belong to ea* o!r someh[1 & are ( "o k9d2 !y ne$ n be a%am$ ( ea* o!r4 ,t is ! nobility ( ! ,greek religion4 #aab4 ,,at ,,! ,,sight ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,antique ,,sacrificial ,,implem5ts4--,! fact ( h[ _m feel+s are lo/ to u may be se51 = in/ance1 9 ! m+l+ ( ! droll1 ev5 ( ! obsc5e1 ) ! religi\s feel+4 ,! s5sation ( ! possibility ( ?is mixture vani%es1 we only compreh5d hi/orically t x exi/$ 9 ! fea/s ( ,demet] & ,dionysus1 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,ea/]-plays & ,my/]ies4 ,b we also "k t :i* is noble 9 alliance ) burlesque & su* l1 ! t\*+ m+l$ ) ! laughable1 :i* p]haps a lat] age w n be able to und]/&4 #aac4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,z ,,antiquity4--,:5 on a ,sunday morn+ we he> ! old bells r+ out1 we ask ourselves1 ,is x possible6 ,?is is done on acc\nt ( a ,jew crucifi$ two ?\s& ye>s ago :o said he 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,! pro( ( su* an ass]tion is want+4 ,c]ta9ly 9 our times ! ,*ri/ian religion is an antiquity t dates f v e>ly ages1 & ! fact t its ass]tions are /ill believ$1 :5 o!rwise all claims are subject$ to su* /rict exam9ation1 is p]haps ! olde/ "p ( ?is h]itage4 ,a ,god :o creates a son f a mortal woman2 a sage :o requires t man %\ld no long] "w1 no long] judge1 b %\ld pay att5tion to ! signs ( ! approa*+ end ( ! _w2 a ju/ice t accepts an innoc5t be+ z a sub/itute 9 sacrifice2 "o :o comm&s 8 disciples to dr9k 8 blood2 pray]s = miracul\s int]v5tion2 s9s committ$ aga9/ a ,god & aton$ = ?r\gh a ,god2 ! fe> ( a future to :i* dea? is ! portal2 ! =m ( ! cross 9 an age :i* no long] kn[s ! signification & ! %ame ( ! cross1#c h[ t]rible all ?is appe>s to u1 z if ris5 f ! grave ( ! anci5t pa/6 ,is x cr$ible t su* ?+s are /ill believ$8 #aad4 ,,:at ,,is ,,un-,,greek ,,9 ,,*ri/ianity4--,! ,greeks did n reg>d ! ,hom]ic gods z rais$ above !m l ma/]s1 nor !mselves z be+ "u !m l s]vants1 z ! ,jews did4 ,!y only saw1 z 9 a mirror1 ! mo/ p]fect examples ( _! own ca/e2 an ideal1 !re=e1 & n an opposite ( _! own nature4 ,!re is a feel+ ( relation%ip1 a mutual int]e/ arises1 a k9d ( symma*y4 ,man ?9ks highly ( himself :5 he gives himself su* gods1 & places himself 9 a relation l t ( ! l[] nobility t[>ds ! high]2 :ile ! ,italian nations hold a g5u9e peasant-fai?1 ) p]petual fe> ( evil & mis*iev\s p[]s & torm5t+ spirits4 ,:]ev] ! ,olympian gods retreat$ into ! backgr\nd1 ,greek life 0 m sombre & m anxi\s4 ,*ri/ianity1 on ! contr>y1 oppress$ man & cru%$ him utt]ly1 s9k+ him z if 9 deep mire2 !n into ! feel+ ( absolute depravity x sudd5ly ?rew ! light ( div9e m]cy1 s t ! surpris$ man1 dazzl$ by =giv5ess1 gave a cry ( joy & = a mom5t believ$ t he bore all heav5 )9 himself4 ,all psy*ological feel+s ( ,*ri/ianity "w ^u ?is unheal?y excess ( s5tim5t1 & ^u ! deep corruption ( head & he>t x necessitates2 x desires to de/roy1 break1 /upefy1 confuse1--only "o ?+ x does n desire1 namely mod]ation1 & !re=e x is 9 ! deepe/ s5se b>b>ic1 ,asiatic1 ignoble & un-,greek4 #aae4 ,,to ,,be ,,religi\s ,,) ,,advantage4--,!re are sob] & indu/ri\s p on :om religion is embroid]$ l a hem ( high] humanity2 ^! d well to rema9 religi\s1 x beautifies !m4 ,all p :o d n und]/& "s k9d ( trade 9 weapons--tongue & p5 includ$ z weapons--become s]vile2 = su* ! ,*ri/ian religion is v useful1 = !n s]vility assumes ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/ian virtues & is surpris+ly beautifi$4 ,p to :om _! daily life appe>s too empty & monoton\s easily gr[ religi\s2 ?is is compreh5sible & excusable1 only !y h no "r to dem& religi\s s5tim5ts f ^? ^: daily life is n empty & monoton\s4#d #aaf4 ,,! ,,commonplace ,,*ri/ian4--,if ,*ri/ianity 7 "r1 ) its !ories ( an av5g+ ,god1 ( g5]al s9fulness1 ( r$emption1 & ! dang] ( et]nal damnation1 x w\ld be a sign ( weak intellect & lack ( "* n to become a prie/1 apo/le or h]mit1 & to "w only ) fe> & trembl+ = "o's own salvation2 x w\ld be s5seless ?us to neglect et]nal b5efits = tempor>y com=t4 ,tak+ x = grant$ t !re is belief1 ! commonplace ,*ri/ian is a mis]able figure1 a man t really _c add two & two toge!r1 & :o1 moreov]1 j because ( 8 m5tal incapacity = responsibility1 did n des]ve to be s sev]ely puni%$ z ,*ri/ianity has decre$4 #aag4 ,,( ,,! ,,wisdom ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4--,x is a clev] /roke on ! "p ( ,*ri/ianity to tea* ! utt] unwor?9ess1 s9fulness1 & despicabl5ess ( mank9d s l\dly t ! disda9 ( _! fell[-m5 is no long] possible4 ,he may s9 z mu* z he likes1 he is n ess5tially diff]5t f me1--x is ,i :o am unwor?y & despicable 9 e way1 says ! ,*ri/ian to himself4 ,b ev5 ?is feel+ has lo/ its %>pe/ /+1 because ! ,*ri/ian no long] believes 9 8 individual despicabl5ess2 he is bad z m5 are g5]ally1 & com=ts himself a little ) ! axiom1 ,we are all ( "o k9d4 #aah4 ,,*ange ,,( ,,front4--,z soon z a religion triumphs x has = its enemies all ^? :o w\ld h be5 its fir/ disciples4 #aai4 ,,! ,,fate ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4--,*ri/ianity arose = ! purpose ( light5+ ! he>t2 b n[ x mu/ fir/ make ! he>t heavy 9 ord] aft]w>ds to light5 x4 ,consequ5tly x w p]i%4 #abj4 ,,! ,,pro( ,,( ,,pleasure4--,! agreeable op9ion is accept$ z true1--?is is ! pro( ( ! pleasure 7or1 z ! ,*ur* says1 ! pro( ( ! /r5g?71 ( :i* all religions are s pr\d :5 !y ought to be a%am$ ( x4 ,if ,fai? did n make bless$ x w\ld n be believ$ 92 ( h[ little value mu/ x be1 !n6 #aba4 ,a ,,dang]\s ,,game4--,:oev] n[ all[s scope to 8 religi\s feel+s mu/ also let !m increase1 he _c d o!rwise4 ,8 nature !n gradually *anges2 x fav\rs :atev] is connect$ ) & ne> to ! religi\s elem5t1 ! :ole ext5t ( judgm5t & feel+ becomes cl\d$1 ov]ca/ ) religi\s %ad[s4 ,s5sation _c /& /ill2 "o mu/ !re=e take c>e4 #abb4 ,,! ,,bl9d ,,disciples4--,s long z "o kn[s well ! /r5g? & weakness ( "o's doctr9e1 "o's art1 "o's religion1 its p[] is /ill small4 ,! disciple & apo/le :o has no eyes = ! weaknesses ( ! doctr9e1 ! religion1 & s =?1 dazzl$ by ! aspect ( ! ma/] & by 8 rev]5ce = him1 has on t acc\nt usually m p[] ?an ! ma/] himself4 ,)\t bl9d disciples ! influ5ce ( a man & 8 "w has nev] yet become great4 ,to help a doctr9e to victory (t5 means only s to mix x ) /upidity t ! weight ( ! latt] c>ries (f also ! victory = ! =m]4 #abc4 ,,*ur* ,,dise/abli%m5t4--,!re is n en\gh religion 9 ! _w ev5 to de/roy religions4 #abd4 ,,! ,,s9lessness ,,( ,,man4--,if x is und]/ood h[ s9 came into ! _w1 namely ?r\gh errors ( reason by :i* m5 held ea* o!r1 ev5 ! s+le individual held himself1 to be mu* black] & mu* worse ?an 0 actually ! case1 ! :ole s5sation w be mu* light5$1 & man & ! _w w appe> 9 a blaze ( innoc5ce :i* x w d "o good to contemplate4 ,9 ! mid/ ( nature man is always ! *ild p] se4 ,?is *ild sometimes has a heavy & t]rify+ dream1 b :5 x op5s its eyes x always f9ds itself back aga9 9 ,p>adise4 #abe4 ,,! ,,irreligi\sness ,,( ,,arti/s4--,hom] is s mu* at home among/ 8 gods1 & is s famili> ) !m z a poet1 t he mu/ h be5 deeply irreligi\s2 t :i* ! popul> fai? gave him--a meagre1 rude1 p>tly t]rible sup]/ition--he treat$ z freely z ! sculptor does 8 clay1 ) ! same unconc]n1 !re=e1 :i* s*ylus & ,ari/ophanes possess$1 & by :i* 9 lat] times ! great arti/s ( ! ,r5aissance di/+ui%$ !mselves1 z also did ,%akespe>e & ,goe!4 #abf4 ,,! ,,art ,,& ,,p[] ,,( ,,false ,,int]pretations4--,all ! visions1 t]rors1 torpors1 & ec/asies ( sa9ts are well-kn[n =ms ( disease1 :i* are only1 by reason ( deep-root$ religi\s & psy*ological errors1 diff]5tly expla9$ by him1 namely n z diseases4 ,?us1 p]haps1 ! ,daimonion ( ,socrates 0 only an affection ( ! e>1 :i* he1 9 accordance ) 8 rul+ moral mode ( ?\ght1 exp\nd$ diff]5tly f :at w\ld be ! case n[4 ,x is ! same ?+ ) ! madness & rav+s ( ! prophets & soo?say]s2 x is always ! degree ( k1 fantasy1 ef=t1 morality 9 ! head & he>t ( ! int]pret]s :i* has made s mu* ( x4 ,= ! greate/ a*ievem5ts ( ! p :o are call$ g5iuses & sa9ts x is necess>y t !y %\ld secure int]pret]s by =ce1 :o misund]/& !m = ! good ( mank9d4 #abg4 ,,! ,,v5]ation ,,( ,,insanity4--,because x 0 rem>k$ t excitem5t frequ5tly made ! m9d cle>] & produc$ happy inspirations x 0 believ$ t ! happie/ inspirations & sugge/ions 7 call$ =? by ! greate/ excitem5t2 & s ! insane 7 rev]$ z wise & oracul>4 ,?is is bas$ on a false conclusion4 #abh4 ,,! ,,promises ,,( ,,sci5ce4--,! aim ( mod]n sci5ce is3 z little pa9 z possible1 z long a life z possible1--a k9d ( et]nal bless$ness1 !re=e2 b c]ta9ly a v mode/ "o z comp>$ ) ! promises ( religions4 #abi4 ,,=bidd5 ,,g5]osity4--,!re is n suffici5t love & goodness 9 ! _w to p]mit u to give "s ( x away to imag9>y be+s4 #acj4 ,,! ,,cont9uance ,,( ,,! ,,religi\s ,,cult ,,9 ,,! ,,feel+s4--,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & be=e t all antique cults1 dom9at$ ! entire range ( means by :i* man 0 put into unaccu/om$ moods & r5d]$ incapable ( ! cold calculation ( judgm5t or ! cle> ?9k+ ( reason4 ,a *ur* quiv]+ ) deep tones2 ! dull1 regul>1 arre/+ appeals ( a prie/ly ?rong1 unconsci\sly communicates its t5sion to ! congregation & makes x li/5 almo/ fe>fully1 z if a miracle 7 9 prep>ation2 ! influ5ce ( ! ar*itecture1 :i*1 z ! dwell+ ( a ,godhead1 ext5ds into ! unc]ta9 & makes its app>ition to be fe>$ 9 all its sombre spaces1--:o w\ld wi% to br+ su* ?+s back to mank9d if ! necess>y suppositions are no long] believ$8 ,b ! results ( all ?is are n lo/1 nev]!less2 ! inn] _w ( noble1 emotional1 deeply contrite dispositions1 full ( pres5tim5ts1 bless$ ) hope1 is inborn 9 mank9d ma9ly ?r\gh ?is cult2 :at exi/s ( x n[ 9 ! s\l 0 !n cultivat$ on a l>ge scale z x g]m9at$1 grew up & blossom$4 #aca4 ,,! ,,pa9ful ,,consequ5ces ,,( ,,religion4--,h[ev] mu* we may ?9k we h wean$ ourselves f religion1 x has nev]!less n be5 done s ?or\ghly z to deprive u ( pleasure 9 enc\nt]+ religi\s s5sations & moods 9 music1 = in/ance2 & if a philosophy %[s u ! ju/ification ( metaphysical hopes & ! deep peace ( s\l to be !nce acquir$1 & speaks1 = in/ance1 ( ! :ole1 c]ta9 gospel 9 ! gaze ( ,raphael's ,madonnas1 we receive su* /atem5ts & expositions p>ticul>ly w>mly2 "h ! philosoph] f9ds x easi] to prove2 t :i* he desires to give corresponds to a he>t t desires to receive4 ,h5ce x may be obs]v$ h[ ! less ?\ghtful free spirits really only take (f5ce at ! dogmas1 b are well acqua9t$ ) ! *>m ( religi\s s5sations2 !y are sorry to lose hold ( ! latt] = ! sake ( ! =m]4 ,sci5tific philosophy mu/ be v c>eful n to smuggle 9 errors on ! gr\nd ( t ne$1--a ne$ :i* has gr[n up & is consequ5tly tempor>y1--ev5 logicians speak ( pres5tim5ts ( tru? 9 e?ics & 9 art 7= in/ance1 ( ! suspicion t ! nature ( ?+s is "o71 :i* %\ld be =bidd5 to !m ,betwe5 ! c>efully e/abli%$ tru?s & su* presag$ ?+s !re rema9s ! unbridgable *asm t ^? are due to intellect & ^! to requirem5t ,hung] does n prove t food exi/s to satisfy x1 b t x desires food4 ,to presage does n mean ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! exi/5ce ( a ?+ 9 any "o degree1 b its possibility1 9 s f> z x is desir$ or fe>$2 presage does n advance "o /ep into ! l& ( c]ta9ty4 ,we believe involunt>ily t ! portions ( a philosophy :i* are t+$ ) religion are bett] prov$ ?an o!rs2 b actually x is ! contr>y1 b we h ! inw>d desire t x may be s1 t t :i* makes bless$1 !re=e1 may be also ! true4 ,?is desire misleads u to accept bad reasons = good ones4 #acb4 ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,ne$ ,,( ,,r$emption4--,) c>eful reflection x mu/ be possible to obta9 an explanation free f my?ology ( t process 9 ! s\l ( a ,*ri/ian :i* is call$ ! ne$ ( r$emption1 consequ5tly a purely psy*ological explanation4 ,up to ! pres5t1 ! psy*ological explanations ( religi\s conditions & processes h c]ta9ly be5 held 9 "s disrepute1 inasmu* z a !ology :i* call$ itself free c>ri$ on its unpr(itable practice 9 ?is doma92 = "h f ! beg9n+ 7z ! m9d ( its f\nd]1 ,s*lei]ma*]1 gives u reason to suppose7 ! pres]vation ( ! ,*ri/ian religion & ! cont9uance ( ,*ri/ian !ology 0 kept 9 view2 a !ology :i* 0 to f9d a new an*orage 9 ! psy*ological analyses ( religi\s facts1 & above all a new occupation4 ,unconc]n$ ab\t su* pr$ecessors we haz>d ! foll[+ int]pretation ( ! ph5om5on 9 "q4 ,man is consci\s ( c]ta9 actions :i* /& f> d[n 9 ! cu/om>y rank ( actions2 he ev5 discov]s 9 himself a t5d5cy t[>ds simil> actions1 a t5d5cy :i* appe>s to him almo/ z un*angeable z 8 :ole nature4 ,h[ will+ly w\ld he try himself 9 t o!r species ( actions :i* 9 ! g5]al valuation are recognis$ z ! l(tie/ & highe/1 h[ gladly w\ld he feel himself to be full ( ! good consci\sness :i* %\ld foll[ an unselfi% mode ( ?\ght6 ,b un=tunately he /ops %ort at ?is wi%1 & ! discont5t at n be+ able to satisfy x is add$ to all ! o!r discont5ts :i* 8 lot 9 life or ! consequ5ces ( ^? above-m5tion$ evil actions h ar\s$ 9 him2 s t a deep ill-hum\r is ! result1 ) ! se>* = a physician :o c\ld remove ?is & all its causes4 ,?is condition w\ld n be felt s bitt]ly if man w\ld only comp>e himself frankly ) o!r m51--!n he w\ld h no reason = be+ dissatisfi$ ) himself to a p>ticul> ext5t1 he w\ld only be> 8 %>e ( ! common burd5 ( human dissatisfaction & imp]fection4 ,b he comp>es himself ) a be+ :o is said to be capable only ( ^? actions :i* are call$ un-egoi/ic1 & to live 9 ! p]petual consci\sness ( an unselfi% mode ( ?\ght1 i4e4 ) ,god2 x is because he gazes into ?is cle> mirror t 8 image appe>s to him s d>k1 s unusually w>p$4 ,!n he is al>m$ by ! ?\ght ( t same creature1 9 s f> z x floats be=e 8 imag9ation z a retributive ju/ice2 9 all possible small & great ev5ts he ?9ks he recognises its ang] & m5aces1 t he ev5 feels its sc\rge-/rokes z judge & execution]4 ,:o w help him 9 ?is dang]1 :i*1 by ! prospect ( an immeasurable duration ( puni%m5t1 exce$s 9 horror all ! o!r t]rors ( ! idea8 #acc4 ,be=e we exam9e ! fur!r consequ5ces ( ?is m5tal /ate1 let u ackn[l$ge t x is n ?r\gh 8 guilt & s9 t man has got into ?is condition1 b ?r\gh a s]ies ( errors ( reason2 t x 0 ! fault ( ! mirror if 8 image appe>$ s d>k & hateful to him1 & t t mirror 0 8 "w1 ! v imp]fect "w ( human imag9ation & p[] ( judgm5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a nature t is only capable ( purely un-egoi/ic actions is m fabul\s ?an ! phnix2 x _c ev5 be cle>ly imag9$1 j because1 :5 closely exam9$1 ! :ole idea un-egoi/ic action vani%es into air4 ,no man ev] did a ?+ :i* 0 done only = o!rs & )\t any p]sonal motive2 h[ %\ld he be able to d any?+ :i* _h no relation to himself1 & !re=e )\t inw>d obligation 7:i* mu/ always h its f\ndation 9 a p]sonal ne$78 ,h[ c\ld ! ego act )\t ego ,a ,god :o1 on ! contr>y1 is all love1 z su* a "o is (t5 repres5t$1 w\ld n be capable ( a s+le un-egoi/ic action1 :]eby "o is rem9d$ ( a say+ ( ,li*t5b]g's :i* is c]ta9ly tak5 f a l[] sph]e3 ,we _c possibly feel = o!rs1 z ! say+ is2 we feel only = ourselves4 ,?is s\nds h>d1 b x is n s really if x be rightly und]/ood4 ,we d n love fa!r or "m or wife or *ild1 b ! pleasant s5sations !y cause u2 or1 z ,ro*ef\cauld says3 ,si on croit aim] sa matresse p\r l'am\r d'elle1 on e/ bi5 tromp4 ,to "k ! reason :y actions ( love are valu$ m ?an o!rs1 n on acc\nt ( _! nature1 namely1 b ( _! usefulness1 we %\ld comp>e ! exam9ations already m5tion$1 ,on ! ,orig9 ( ,moral ,s5tim5ts4 ,b %\ld a man desire to be entirely l t ,god ( ,love1 to d & wi% ev]y?+ = o!rs & no?+ = himself1 ! latt] is impossible = ! reason t he mu/ d v mu* = himself to be able to d some?+ = ! love ( o!rs4 ,!n x is tak5 = grant$ t ! o!r is suffici5tly egoi/ic to accept t sacrifice aga9 & aga91 t liv+ = him1--s t ! p ( love & sacrifice h an int]e/ 9 ! cont9uance ( ^? :o are loveless & incapable ( sacrifice1 &1 9 ord] to exi/1 ! highe/ morality w\ld be oblig$ positively to compel ! exi/5ce ( un-morality 7:]eby x w\ld c]ta9ly annihilate itself74 ,fur!r3 ! conception ( a ,god di/urbs & humbles s long z x is believ$ 92 b z to h[ x arose !re c no long] be any d\bt 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! sci5ce ( comp>ative e?nology2 & ) a compreh5sion ( ?is orig9 all belief falls to ! gr\nd4 ,! ,*ri/ian :o comp>es 8 nature ) ,god's is l ,don ,quixote1 :o "u-valu$ 8 own brav]y because 8 head 0 full ( ! m>vell\s de$s ( ! h]oes ( ! *ivalric2 romances1--! /&>d ( measurem5t 9 bo? cases belongs to ! doma9 ( fable4 ,b if ! idea ( ,god is remov$1 s is also ! feel+ ( s9 z a trespass aga9/ div9e laws1 z a /a9 9 a creature v[$ to ,god4 ,!n1 p]haps1 !re /ill rema9s t dejection :i* is int]gr[n & connect$ ) ! fe> ( ! puni%m5t ( worldly ju/ice or ( ! scorn ( m52 ! dejection ( ! pricks ( consci5ce1 ! %>pe/ ?orn 9 ! consci\sness ( s91 is always remov$ if we recognise t ?\gh by our own de$ we h s9n$ aga9/ human desc5t1 human laws & ord9ances1 /ill t we h n imp]ill$ ! et]nal salvation ( ! ,s\l & its relation to ! ,godhead4 ,& if man succe$s 9 ga9+ philosophic conviction ( ! absolute necessity ( all actions & _! entire irresponsibility1 & absorb+ ?is into 8 fle% & blood1 ev5 ^? rema9s ( ! pricks ( consci5ce vani%4 #acd4 ,n[ if ! ,*ri/ian1 z we h said1 has fall5 into ! way ( self-contempt 9 consequ5ce ( c]ta9 errors ?r\gh a false1 unsci5tific int]pretation ( 8 actions & s5sations1 he mu/ notice ) great surprise h[ t /ate ( contempt1 ! pricks ( consci5ce & displeasure g5]ally1 does n endure1 h[ sometimes !re come h\rs :5 all ?is is waft$ away f 8 s\l & he feels himself once m free & c\rage\s4 ,9 tru?1 ! pleasure 9 himself1 ! com=t ( 8 own /r5g?1 toge!r ) ! necess>y weak5+ ?r\gh "t ( e deep emotion1 has usually be5 victori\s2 man loves himself once aga91 he feels x1--b precisely ?is new love1 ?is self-e/eem1 seems to him incr$ible1 he c only see 9 x ! :olly undes]v$ desc5t ( a /ream ( m]cy f on high4 ,if he =m]ly believ$ t 9 e ev5t he c\ld recognise w>n+s1 m5aces1 puni%m5ts1 & e k9d ( manife/ation ( div9e ang]1 he n[ f9ds div9e goodness 9 all 8 exp]i5ces1 --?is ev5t appe>s to him to be full ( love1 t "o a helpful h9t1 a ?ird1 &1 inde$1 8 :ole happy mood1 a pro( t ,god is m]ciful4 ,z =m]ly1 9 8 /ate ( pa91 he int]pret$ 8 actions falsely1 s n[ he mis9t]prets 8 exp]i5ces2 8 mood ( com=t he believes to be ! work+ ( a p[] op]at+ outside ( himself1 ! love ) :i* he really loves himself seems to him to be div9e love2 t :i* he calls m]cy1 & ! prologue to r$emption1 is actually self-=giv5ess1 self-r$emption4 #ace4 ,!re=e3 ,a c]ta9 false psy*ology1 a c]ta9 k9d ( imag9ative int]pretation ( motives & exp]i5ces1 is ! necess>y prelim9>y = "o to become a ,*ri/ian & to feel ! ne$ ( r$emption4 ,:5 ?is error ( reason & imag9ation is recognis$1 "o ceases to be a ,*ri/ian4 #acf4 ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,asceticism ,,& ,,hol9ess4--,z greatly z isolat$ ?9k]s h endeav\r$ to depict z a miracle ! r>e manife/ations ( morality1 :i* are g5]ally call$ asceticism & hol9ess1 miracles :i* x w\ld be almo/ an outrage & sacrilege to expla9 by ! light ( common s5se1 z /rong also is ! incl9ation t[>ds ?is outrage4 ,a mighty impulse ( nature has at all times l$ to a prote/ aga9/ ^? manife/ations2 sci5ce1 9 s f> z x is an imitation ( nature1 at lea/ all[s itself to rise aga9/ ! suppos$ inexplicabl5ess & unapproa*abl5ess ( ^! objections4 ,s f> x has c]ta9ly n succe$$3 ^? appe>ances are /ill unexpla9$1 to ! great joy ( ! above-m5tion$ wor%ipp]s ( ! morally m>vell\s4 ,=1 speak+ g5]ally1 ! unexpla9$ mu/ be absolutely inexplicable1 ! inexplicable absolutely unnatural1 sup]natural1 wond]ful1--?us runs ! dem& 9 ! s\ls ( all religi\s & metaphysical p 7also ( arti/s1 if !y %\ld happ5 to be ?9k]s at ! same "t72 :il/ ! sci5ti/ sees 9 ?is dem& ! evil pr9ciple 9 itself4 ,! g5]al1 fir/ probability ^u :i* "o lights 9 ! contemplation ( hol9ess & asceticism is ?is1 t _! nature is a complicat$ "o1 = almo/ ev]y:]e1 )9 ! physical _w z well z 9 ! moral1 ! app>5tly m>vell\s has be5 successfully trac$ back to ! complicat$1 ! _m-condition$4 ,let u v5ture1 !re=e1 to isolate sep>ate impulses f ! s\l ( sa9ts & ascetics1 & f9ally to imag9e !m z int]gr[n4 #acg4 ,!re is a defiance ( self1 to ! sublime/ manife/ation ( :i* belong _m =ms ( asceticism4 ,c]ta9 individuals h su* great ne$ ( ex]cis+ _! p[] & love ( rul+ t1 9 default ( o!r objects1 or because !y h nev] succe$$ o!rwise1 !y f9ally ex-cogitate ! idea ( tyrannis+ ov] c]ta9 p>ts ( _! own nature1 portions or degrees ( !mselves4 ,?us _m a ?9k] confesses to views :i* evid5tly d n s]ve ei!r to increase or improve 8 reputation2 _m a "o delib]ately calls d[n ! scorn ( o!rs :5 by keep+ sil5ce he c\ld easily h rema9$ respect$2 o!rs contradict =m] op9ions & d n hesitate to be call$ inconsi/5t--on ! contr>y1 !y /rive aft] ?is1 & behave l reckless rid]s :o l a horse be/ :5 x has gr[n wild1 unmanageable1 & cov]$ ) sweat4 ,?us man climbs dang]\s pa?s up ! highe/ m\nta9s 9 ord] t he may laugh to scorn 8 own fe> & 8 trembl+ knees2 ?us ! philosoph] owns to views on asceticism1 humility1 hol9ess1 9 ! brightness ( :i* 8 own picture %[s to ! wor/ possible disadvantage4 ,?is cru%+ ( "o's self1 ?is scorn ( "o's own nature1 ?is sp]n]e se sp]m1 ( :i* religion has made s mu*1 is really a v high degree ( vanity4 ,! :ole moral ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt belongs "h2 man takes a g5u9e delight 9 do+ viol5ce to himself by ^! exagg]at$ claims1 & aft]w>ds idolis+ ^! tyrannical dem&s ( 8 s\l4 ,9 e ascetic morality man wor%ips "o "p ( himself z a ,god1 & is oblig$1 !re=e1 to diabolise ! o!r p>ts4 #ach4 ,man is n equally moral at all h\rs1 ?is is well kn[n4 ,if 8 morality is judg$ to be ! capability = great self-sacrific+ resolutions & self-d5ial 7:i*1 :5 cont9u\s & gr[n habitual1 are call$ hol9ess71 he is mo/ moral 9 ! passions2 ! high] emotion provides him ) entirely new motives1 ( :i* he1 sob] & cold z usual1 p]haps does n ev5 believe himself capable4 ,h[ does ?is happ58 ,probably because ( ! proximity ( ev]y?+ great & highly excit+2 if man is once wr\ght up to a /ate ( extraord9>y susp5se1 he is z capable ( c>ry+ out a t]rible rev5ge z ( a t]rible cru%+ ( 8 ne$ = rev5ge4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( p[]ful emotion1 he desires 9 any case ! great1 ! p[]ful1 ! imm5se2 & if he happ5s to notice t ! sacrifice ( himself satisfies him z well z1 or bett] ?an1 ! sacrifice ( o!rs1 he *ooses t4 ,actually1 !re=e1 he only c>es ab\t dis*>g+ 8 emotion2 9 ord] to ease 8 t5sion he seizes ! enemy's spe>s & buries !m 9 8 brea/4 ,t !re 0 some?+ great 9 self-d5ial & n 9 rev5ge _h to be taught to mank9d by long habit2 a ,godhead t sacrific$ itself 0 ! /ronge/1 mo/ effective symbol ( ?is k9d ( greatness4 ,z ! conque/ ( ! mo/ difficult enemy1 ! sudd5 ma/]+ ( an affection--?us ?is d5ial appe>s2 & s f> x passes = ! summit ( morality4 ,9 reality x is a "q ( ! confusion ( "o idea ) ano!r1 :ile ! temp]am5t ma9ta9s an equal height1 an equal level4 ,temp]ate m5 :o are re/+ f _! passions no long] und]/& ! morality ( ^? mom5ts2 b ! g5]al admiration ( ^? :o _h ! same exp]i5ces upholds !m2 pride is _! consolation :5 affection & ! und]/&+ ( _! de$ vani%4 ,!re=e1 at bottom ev5 ^? actions ( self-d5ial are n moral1 inasmu* z !y are n done /rictly ) reg>d to o!rs2 r ! o!r only provides ! highly-/rung temp]am5t ) an opportunity ( reliev+ itself ?r\gh t d5ial4 #aci4 ,9 _m respects ! ascetic seeks to make life easy = himself1 usually by complete subord9ation to a /range w or a compreh5sive law & ritual2 some?+ l ! way a ,brahm9 leaves no?+ :atev] to 8 own decision b ref]s e mom5t to holy precepts4 ,?is submission is a p[]ful means ( atta9+ self-ma/]y3 man is occupi$ & is !re=e n bor$1 & yet has no incitem5t to self-w or passion2 aft] a complet$ de$ !re is no feel+ ( responsibility & ) x no tortures ( remorse4 ,we h r5\nc$ our own w once & = ev]1 & ?is is easi] ?an only r5\nc+ x occasionally2 z x is also easi] to give up a desire entirely ?an to keep x )9 b\nds4 ,:5 we rememb] ! pres5t relation ( man to ! ,/ate1 we f9d t1 ev5 "h1 unconditional ob$i5ce is m conv5i5t ?an conditional4 ,! sa9t1 !re=e1 makes 8 life easi] by absolute r5unciation ( 8 p]sonality1 & we are mi/ak5 if 9 t ph5om5on we admire ! l(tie/ h]oism ( morality4 ,9 any case x is m difficult to c>ry "o's p]sonality ?r\gh )\t vacillation & uncle>ness ?an to lib]ate "o's self f x 9 ! above-m5tion$ mann]2 moreov]1 x requires f> m _s & consid]ation4 #adj4 ,aft] hav+ f\nd 9 _m ( ! less easily explicable actions manife/ations ( t pleasure 9 emotion p] se1 ,i %\ld l to recognise also 9 self-contempt1 :i* is "o ( ! signs ( hol9ess1 & likewise 9 ! de$s ( self-torture 7?r\gh hung] & sc\rg+1 mutilation ( limbs1 feign+ ( madness7 a means by :i* ^? natures fight aga9/ ! g5]al we>9ess ( _! life-w 7_! n]ves72 !y employ ! mo/ pa9ful irritants & cruelties 9 ord] to em]ge = a "t1 at all ev5ts1 f t dulness & bor$om into :i* !y s frequ5tly s9k ?r\gh _! great m5tal indol5ce & t submission to a /range w already describ$4 #ada4 ,! commone/ means :i* ! ascetic & sa9t employs to r5d] life /ill endurable & amus+ consi/s 9 occasional w>f>e ) alt]nate victory & defeat4 ,= ?is he requires an oppon5t1 & f9ds x 9 ! s-call$ inw>d enemy4 ,he pr9cipally makes use ( 8 incl9ation to vanity1 love ( hon\r & rule1 & ( 8 s5sual desires1 t he may be p]mitt$ to reg>d 8 life z a p]petual battle & himself z a battlefield ^u :i* good & evil spirits /rive ) alt]nat+ success4 ,x is well kn[n t s5sual imag9ation is mod]at$1 inde$ almo/ dispell$1 by regul> sexual int]c\rse1 :]eas1 on ! contr>y1 x is r5d]$ unfett]$ & wild by ab/95ce or irregul>ity4 ,! imag9ation ( _m ,*ri/ian sa9ts 0 fil?y to an extraord9>y degree2 by virtue ( ^? !ories t ^! desires 7 actual demons rag+ )9 !m !y did n feel !mselves to be too responsible2 to ?is feel+ we owe ! v in/ructive frankness ( _! self-confessions4 ,x 0 to _! int]e/ t ?is /rife %\ld always be ma9ta9$ 9 "o degree or ano!r1 because1 z we h already said1 _! empty life 0 !reby ent]ta9$4 ,b 9 ord] t ! /rife might seem suffici5tly important & ar\se ! endur+ sympa?y & admiration ( non-sa9ts1 x 0 necess>y t s5suality %\ld be ev] m revil$ & br&$1 ! dang] ( et]nal damnation 0 s tightly b\nd up ) ^! ?+s t x is highly probable t = :ole c5turies ,*ri/ians g5]at$ *ildr5 ) a bad consci5ce1 :]e) humanity has c]ta9ly suff]$ a great injury4 ,& yet "h tru? is all topsy-turvy1 :i* is p>ticul>ly unsuitable = tru?4 ,c]ta9ly ,*ri/ianity _h said t e man is conceiv$ & born 9 s91 & 9 ! insupportable sup]lative-,*ri/ianity ( ,cald]on ?is ?\ght aga9 appe>s1 ti$ up & twi/$1 z ! mo/ di/ort$ p>adox !re is1 9 ! well-kn[n l9es-- ,! greate/ s9 ( man ,is t he 0 ev] born4 ,9 all pessimi/ic religions ! act ( g5]ation 0 look$ ^u z evil 9 itself4 ,?is is by no means ! v]dict ( all mank9d1 n ev5 ( all pessimi/s4 ,= in/ance1 ,emp$ocles saw 9 all erotic ?+s no?+ %ameful1 diabolical1 or1 s9ful2 b r1 9 ! great pla9 ( disa/] he saw only "o hopeful & r$eem+ figure1 t ( ,aphrodite2 %e appe>$ to him z a gu>antee t ! /rife %\ld n endure et]nally1 b t ! sceptre %\ld "o day be giv5 ov] to a g5tl] dmon4 ,! actual ,*ri/ian pessimi/s _h1 z has be5 said1 an int]e/ 9 ! dom9ance ( a div]se op9ion2 = ! solitude & spiritual wild]ness ( _! lives !y requir$ an ev] liv+ enemy1 & a g5]ally recognis$ enemy1 ?r\gh ^: fight+ & ov]com+ !y c\ld con/antly repres5t !mselves to ! non-sa9ts z incompreh5sible1 half--sup]natural be+s4 ,b :5 at la/ ?is enemy took to flight = ev] 9 consequ5ce ( _! mode ( life & _! impair$ heal?1 !y imm$iately und]/ood h[ to populate _! int]ior ) new dmons4 ,! ris+ & fall+ ( ! scales ( pride & humility su/a9$ _! brood+ m9ds z well z ! alt]nations ( desire & peace ( s\l4 ,at t "t psy*ology s]v$ n only to ca/ suspicion ^u ev]y?+ human1 b to oppress1 to sc\rge1 to crucify2 p wi%$ to f9d !mselves z bad & wick$ z possible1 !y s\ght anxiety = ! salvation ( _! s\ls1 despair ( _! own /r5g?4 ,ev]y?+ natural ) :i* man has connect$ ! idea ( evil & s9 7z1 = in/ance1 he is /ill accu/om$ to d ) reg>d to ! erotic7 tr\bles & cl\ds ! imag9ation1 causes a fright5$ glance1 makes man qu>rel ) himself & unc]ta9 & di/ru/ful ( himself4 ,ev5 8 dreams h ! flav\r ( a re/less consci5ce4 ,& yet 9 ! reality ( ?+s ?is suff]+ f :at is natural is entirely )\t f\ndation1 x is only ! consequ5ce ( op9ions ab\t ?+s4 ,x is easily se5 h[ m5 gr[ worse by consid]+ ! inevitably-natural z bad1 & aft]w>ds always feel+ !mselves made ?us4 ,x is ! trump-c>d ( religion & metaphysics1 :i* wi% to h man evil & s9ful by nature1 to ca/ suspicion on nature & ?us really to make him bad1 = he le>ns to feel himself evil s9ce he _c dive/ himself ( ! clo?+ ( nature4 ,aft] liv+ = long a natural life1 he gradually comes to feel himself weigh$ d[n by su* a burd5 ( s9 t sup]natural p[]s are necess>y to lift ?is burd51 & !re) arises ! s-call$ ne$ ( r$emption1 :i* corresponds to no real b only to an imag9>y s9fulness4 ,if we survey ! sep>ate moral dem&s ( ! e>lie/ times ( ,*ri/ianity x w ev]y:]e be f\nd t requirem5ts are exagg]at$ 9 ord] t man _c satisfy !m2 ! int5tion is n t he %\ld become m moral1 b t he %\ld feel himself z s9ful z possible4 ,if man _h n f\nd ?is feel+ agreeable--:y w\ld he h ?\ght out su* an idea & /uck to x s long8 ,z 9 ! antique _w an immeasurable p[] ( intellect & inv5tiv5ess 0 exp5d$ 9 multiply+ ! pleasure ( life by fe/ive cults1 s also 9 ! age ( ,*ri/ianity an immeasurable am\nt ( intellect has be5 sacrific$ to ano!r endeav\r1--man mu/ by all means be made to feel himself s9ful & !reby be excit$1 enliv5$1 en-s\l$4 ,to excite1 enliv51 en-s\l at all co/s--is n t ! wat*word ( a relax$1 ov]-ripe1 ov]-cultur$ age8 ,! range ( all natural s5sations _h be5 gone ov] a hundr$ times1 ! s\l _h gr[n we>y1 :]eupon ! sa9t & ! ascetic inv5t$ a new species ( /imulants = life4 ,!y pres5t$ !mselves be=e ! public eye1 n exactly z an example = ! _m1 b z a t]rible & yet ravi%+ spectacle1 :i* took place on t bord]-l& betwe5 _w & ov]-_w1 :]e9 at t "t all p believ$ !y saw n[ rays ( heav5ly light & n[ unholy tongues ( flame gl[+ 9 ! dep?s4 ,! sa9t's eye1 fix$ ^u ! t]rible mean+ ( ?is %ort e>?ly life1 ^u ! ne>ness ( ! la/ decision conc]n+ endless new spans ( exi/5ce1 ?is burn+ eye 9 a half-wa/$ body made m5 ( ! old _w tremble to _! v dep?s2 to gaze1 to turn %udd]+ly away1 to feel anew ! attraction ( ! spectacle & to give way to x1 to dr9k deep ( x till ! s\l quiv]$ ) fire & ague1--t 0 ! la/ pleasure t antiquity inv5t$ aft] x _h gr[n blunt$ ev5 at ! sight ( bea/-bait+s & human combats4 #adb4 ,n[ to sum up4 ,t condition ( s\l 9 :i* ! sa9t or embryo sa9t rejoic$1 0 compos$ ( elem5ts :i* we all "k well1 only t "u ! influ5ce ( o!r ?an religi\s conceptions !y exhibit !mselves 9 o!r col\rs & are !n accu/om$ to enc\nt] man's blame z fully z1 ) t decoration ( religion & ! ultimate mean+ ( exi/5ce1 !y may reckon on receiv+ admiration & ev5 wor%ip1--might reckon1 at lea/1 9 =m] ages4 ,sometimes ! sa9t practises t defiance ( himself :i* is a ne> relative ( dom9ation at any co/ & gives a feel+ ( p[] ev5 to ! mo/ lonely2 sometimes 8 swoll5 s5sibility leaps f ! desire to let 8 passions h full play into ! desire to ov]?r[ !m l wild horses "u ! mighty pressure ( a pr\d _s2 sometimes he desires a complete cessation ( all di/urb+1 torm5t+1 irritat+ s5sations1 a wak+ sleep1 a la/+ re/ 9 ! lap ( a dull1 animal1 & plant-l indol5ce2 sometimes he seeks /rife & ar\ses x )9 himself1 because bor$om has %[n him its yawn+ c\nt5ance4 ,he sc\rges 8 self-adoration ) self-contempt & cruelty1 he rejoices 9 ! wild tumult ( 8 desires & ! %>p pa9 ( s91 ev5 9 ! idea ( be+ lo/2 he und]/&s h[ to lay a trap = 8 emotions1 = in/ance ev5 = 8 ke5 love ( rul+1 s t he s9ks into ! mo/ utt] abasem5t & 8 torm5t$ s\l is ?r[n out ( jo9t by ?is contra/2 & f9ally1 if he longs = visions1 conv]sations ) ! dead or ) div9e be+s1 x is at bottom a r>e k9d ( delight t he covets1 p]haps t delight 9 :i* all o!rs are unit$4 ,novalis1 an au?ority on que/ions ( hol9ess ?r\gh exp]i5ce & in/9ct1 tells ! :ole secret ) nave joy3 ,x is /range en\gh t ! association ( lu/1 religion1 & cruelty did n long ago draw m5's att5tion to _! close relation%ip & common t5d5cy4 #adc4 ,t :i* gives ! sa9t 8 hi/orical value is n ! ?+ he is1 b ! ?+ he repres5ts 9 ! eyes ( ! unsa9tly4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ! fact t errors 7 made ab\t him1 t ! /ate ( 8 s\l 0 falsely int]pret$1 t m5 sep>at$ !mselves f him z mu* z possible1 z f some?+ incomp>able & /rangely sup]human1 t he acquir$ ! extraord9>y p[] :i* he ex]cis$ ov] ! imag9ation ( :ole nations & :ole ages4 ,he did n "k himself2 he himself int]pret$ ! writ+ ( 8 moods1 incl9ations1 & actions accord+ to an art ( int]pretation :i* 0 z exagg]at$ & artificial z ! spiritual int]pretation ( ! ,bible4 ,! di/ort$ & diseas$ 9 8 nature1 ) its comb9ation ( intellectual pov]ty1 evil k1 ru9$ heal?1 & ov]-excit$ n]ves1 rema9$ hidd5 f 8 own sight z well z f t ( 8 spectators4 ,he 0 n a p>ticul>ly good man1 & /ill less 0 he a p>ticul>ly wise "o2 b he repres5t$ some?+ t exce$$ ! human /&>d 9 goodness & wisdom4 ,! belief 9 him support$ ! belief 9 ! div9e & miracul\s1 9 a religi\s mean+ ( all exi/5ce1 9 an imp5d+ day ( judgm5t4 ,9 ! ev5+ glory ( ! _w's sunset1 :i* gl[$ ov] ! ,*ri/ian nations1 ! %ad[y =m ( ! sa9t grew to va/ dim5sions1 x grew to su* a height t ev5 9 our own age1 :i* no long] believes 9 ,god1 !re are /ill ?9k]s :o believe 9 ! sa9t4 #add4 ,x ne$ n be said t to ?is description ( ! sa9t :i* has be5 made f an av]age ( ! :ole species1 !re may be oppos$ _m a description :i* c\ld give a m agreeable impression4 ,c]ta9 exceptions /& out f among ?is species1 x may be ?r\gh great mildness & philan?ropy1 x may be ?r\gh ! magic ( unusual en]gy2 o!rs are attractive 9 ! highe/ degree1 because c]ta9 wild rav+s h p\r$ /reams ( light on _! :ole be+1 z is ! case1 = in/ance1 ) ! fam\s f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity1 :o ?\ght he 0 ! ,son ( ,god & !re=e felt himself s9less--s t ?r\gh ?is idea--:i* we mu/ n judge too h>dly because ! :ole antique _w sw>ms ) sons ( ,god--he rea*$ t same goal1 t feel+ ( complete s9lessness1 complete irresponsibility1 :i* e "o c n[ acquire by means ( sci5ce4 ,nei!r h ,i m5tion$ ! ,indian sa9ts1 :o /& midway betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian sa9t & ! ,greek philosoph]1 & 9 s f> repres5t no pure type4 ,k1 sci5ce--su* z exi/$ !n--! uplift+ above o!r m5 ?r\gh logical discipl9e & tra9+ ( ?\ght1 7 z mu* fo/]$ by ! ,buddhi/s z di/+ui%+ signs ( hol9ess z ! same qualities 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w are repress$ & br&$ z signs ( unhol9ess4 ,footnote #a3 ,:y h>ass ) et]nal designs a m9d too weak to compass !m8 ,:y d we n1 z we lie b5ea? a l(ty plane-tree or ?is p9e dr9k :ile we may8 ,,hor41 ,odes ,,iii4 ii4 #aa-ad4--;,j4,m4,k4 ,footnote #b3 ,all greate/ sages ( all late/ ages ,w *uckle & slily agree1 ',tis folly to wait till a fool's empty pate ,has le>nt to be kn[+ & free3 ,s *ildr5 ( wisdom1 make use ( ! fools ,& use !m :5ev] y c z y\r tools4--,j4,m4,k4 ,footnote #c3 ,x may be rememb]$ t ! cross 0 ! gall[s ( ! anci5t _w4--,j4,m4,k4 ,footnote #d3 ,?is may give u "o ( ! reasons = ! religiosity /ill happily prevail+ 9 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4--,j4,m4,k4 ,,f\r? ,,division4 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,s\l ,,( ,,arti/s ,,& ,,au?ors4 #ade4 ,,! ,,p]fect ,,%\ld ,,n ,,h ,,gr[n4--,) reg>d to ev]y?+ t is p]fect we are accu/om$ to omit ! "q z to h[ p]fection has be5 acquir$1 & we only rejoice 9 ! pres5t z if x _h sprung out ( ! gr\nd by magic4 ,probably ) reg>d to ?is matt] we are /ill "u ! effects ( an anci5t my?ological feel+4 ,x /ill almo/ seems to u 79 su* a ,greek temple1 = in/ance1 z t ( ,p/um7 z if "o morn+ a god 9 sport _h built 8 dwell+ ( su* enorm\s masses1 at o!r times x seems z if 8 _s _h sudd5ly ent]$ into a /one & n[ desir$ to speak ?r\gh x4 ,! arti/ kn[s t 8 "w is only fully effective if x ar\ses ! belief 9 an improvisation1 9 a m>vell\s in/antane\sness ( orig92 & ?us he assi/s ?is illusion & introduces into art ^? elem5ts ( inspir$ unre/1 ( bl9dly grop+ disord]1 ( li/5+ dream+ at ! beg9n+ ( creation1 z a means ( deception1 9 ord] s to influ5ce ! s\l ( ! spectator or he>] t x may believe 9 ! sudd5 appe>ance ( ! p]fect4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( ! sci5ce ( art to contradict ?is illusion mo/ decid$ly1 & to %[ up ! mi/akes & pamp]+ ( ! intellect1 by means ( :i* x falls into ! arti/'s trap4 #adf4 ,,! ,,arti/',s ,,s5se ,,( ,,tru?4--,) reg>d to recognition ( tru?s1 ! arti/ has a weak] morality ?an ! ?9k]2 he w on no acc\nt let himself be depriv$ ( brilliant & pr(\nd int]pretations ( life1 & def5ds himself aga9/ temp]ate & simple me?ods & results4 ,he is app>5tly fight+ = ! high] wor?9ess & mean+ ( mank9d2 9 reality he w n r5\nce ! mo/ effective suppositions = 8 art1 ! fanta/ical1 my?ical1 unc]ta91 extreme1 ! s5se ( ! symbolical1 ! ov]-valuation ( p]sonality1 ! belief t g5ius is some?+ miracul\s1--he consid]s1 !re=e1 ! cont9uance ( 8 art ( creation z m important ?an ! sci5tific devotion to tru? 9 e %ape1 h[ev] simple ?is may appe>4 #adg4 ,,art ,,z ,,rais] ,,( ,,! ,,dead4--,art also fulfils ! task ( pres]vation & ev5 ( bright5+ up ext+ui%$ & fad$ memories2 :5 x accompli%es ?is task x weaves a rope r\nd ! ages & causes _! spirits to return4 ,x is1 c]ta9ly1 only a phantom-life t results !refrom1 z out ( graves1 or l ! return 9 dreams ( our belov$ dead1 b = "s mom5ts1 at lea/1 ! old s5sation lives aga9 & ! he>t beats to an almo/ =gott5 "t4 ,h5ce1 = ! sake ( ! g5]al usefulness ( art1 ! arti/ himself mu/ be excus$ if he does n /& 9 ! front rank ( ! enlight5m5t & progressive civilisation ( humanity2 all 8 life long he has rema9$ a *ild or a y\?1 & has /ood /ill at ! po9t :]e he 0 ov]come by 8 arti/ic impulse2 ! feel+s ( ! fir/ ye>s ( life1 h[ev]1 are ackn[l$g$ to be ne>] to ^? ( e>li] times ?an to ^? ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,unconsci\sly x becomes 8 mission to make mank9d m *ildlike2 ?is is 8 glory & 8 limitation4 #adh4 ,,poets ,,z ,,! ,,light5]s ,,( ,,life4--,poets1 inasmu* z !y desire to light5 ! life ( man1 ei!r div]t 8 gaze f ! we>isome pres5t1 or assi/ ! pres5t to acquire new col\rs by means ( a life :i* !y cause to %9e out ( ! pa/4 ,to be able to d ?is1 !y mu/ 9 _m respects !mselves be be+s :o are turn$ t[>ds ! pa/1 s t !y c be us$ z bridges to f> di/ant times & ideas1 to dy+ or dead religions & cultures4 ,actually !y are always & ( necessity epigoni4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 drawbacks to _! means ( light5+ life1--!y appease & heal only tempor>ily1 only = ! mom5t2 !y ev5 prev5t m5 f lab\r+ t[>ds a g5u9e improvem5t 9 _! conditions1 inasmu* z !y remove & apply palliatives to precisely t passion ( discont5t t induces to action4 #adi4 ,,! ,,sl[ ,,arr[ ,,( ,,beauty4--,! noble/ k9d ( beauty is t :i* does n transport u sudd5ly1 :i* does n make /ormy & intoxicat+ impressions 7su* a k9d easily ar\ses disgu/71 b t :i* sl[ly filt] into our m9ds1 :i* we take away ) u almo/ unnotic$1 & :i* we enc\nt] aga9 9 our dreams2 b :i*1 h[ev]1 aft] hav+ long la9 mode/ly on our he>ts1 takes entire possession ( u1 fills our eyes ) te>s & our he>ts ) long+4 ,:at is x t we long = at ! sight ( beauty8 ,we long to be beautiful1 we fancy x mu/ br+ mu* happ9ess ) x4 ,b t is a mi/ake4 #aej4 ,,! ,,animation ,,( ,,art4--,art raises its head :]e cre$s relax4 ,x takes ov] _m feel+s & moods eng5d]$ by religion1 lays !m to its he>t1 & itself becomes deep]1 m full ( s\l1 s t x is capable ( transmitt+ exultation & en?usiasm1 :i* x previ\sly 0 n able to d4 ,! abundance ( religi\s feel+s :i* h gr[n into a /ream are always break+ =? aga9 & desire to conqu] new k+doms1 b ! gr[+ enlight5m5t has %ak5 ! dogmas ( religion & inspir$ a deep mi/ru/1--?us ! feel+1 ?ru/ by enlight5m5t out ( ! religi\s sph]e1 ?r[s itself ^u art1 9 a few cases into political life1 ev5 /raight into sci5ce4 ,ev]y:]e :]e human endeav\r we>s a l(ti]1 gloomi] aspect1 x may be assum$ t ! fe> ( spirits1 inc5se1 & *ur*-%ad[s h rema9$ atta*$ to x4 #aea4 ,,h[ ,,rhy?m ,,beautifies4--,rhy?m ca/s a veil ov] reality2 x causes v>i\s artificialities ( spee* & obscurities ( ?\ght2 by ! %ad[ x ?r[s ^u ?\ght x sometimes conceals x1 & sometimes br+s x into prom95ce4 ,z %ad[ is necess>y to beauty1 s ! dull is necess>y to lucidity4 ,art makes ! aspect ( life endurable by ?r[+ lov] x ! veil ( obscure ?\ght4 #aeb4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,ugly ,,s\l4--,art is conf9$ )9 too n>r[ limits if x be requir$ t only ! ord]ly1 respectable1 well-behav$ s\l %\ld be all[$ to express itself !re94 ,z 9 ! pla/ic arts1 s also 9 music & poetry3 !re is an art ( ! ugly s\l side by side ) ! art ( ! beautiful s\l2 & ! mightie/ effects ( art1 ! cru%+ ( s\ls1 mov+ ( /ones & humanis+ ( bea/s1 h p]haps be5 be/ a*iev$ precisely by t art4 #aec4 ,,art ,,makes ,,heavy ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,! ,,?9k]4--,h[ /rong metaphysical ne$ is & h[ difficult nature r5d]s our dep>ture f x may be se5 f ! fact t ev5 9 ! free _s1 :5 he has ca/ (f ev]y?+ metaphysical1 ! l(tie/ effects ( art c easily produce a res\nd+ ( ! long sil5t1 ev5 brok51 metaphysical /r+1--x may be1 = in/ance1 t at a passage 9 ,bee?ov5's ,n9? ,symphony he feels himself float+ above ! e>? 9 a />ry dome ) ! dream ( immortality 9 8 he>t2 all ! />s seem to %9e r\nd him1 & ! e>? to s9k f>!r & f>!r away4--,if he becomes consci\s ( ?is /ate1 he feels a deep pa9 at 8 he>t1 & sighs = ! man :o w lead back to him 8 lo/ d>l+1 be x call$ religion or metaphysics4 ,9 su* mom5ts 8 intellectual "* is put to ! te/4 #aed4 ,,play+ ,,) ,,life4--,! lightness & frivolity ( ! ,hom]ic imag9ation 0 necess>y to calm & occasionally to raise ! immod]ately passionate temp]am5t & acute intellect ( ! ,greeks4 ,if _! intellect speaks1 h[ h>% & cruel does life !n appe>6 ,!y d n deceive !mselves1 b !y int5tionally weave lies r\nd life4 ,simonides advis$ 8 c\ntrym5 to look ^u life z a game2 e>ne/ness 0 too well-kn[n to !m z pa9 7! gods s gladly he> ! mis]y ( mank9d made ! !me ( song71 & !y knew t ?r\gh art alone mis]y might be turn$ into pleasure4 ,z a puni%m5t = ?is insight1 h[ev]1 !y 7 s plagu$ ) ! love ( romanc+ t x 0 difficult = !m 9 ev]yday life to keep !mselves free f falsehood & deceit2 = all poetic nations h su* a love ( falsehood1 & yet are innoc5t )al4 ,probably ?is occasionally drove ! neighb\r+ nations to desp]ation4 #aee4 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,inspiration4--,x is to ! int]e/ ( ! arti/ t !re %\ld be a belief 9 sudd5 sugge/ions1 s-call$ inspirations2 z if ! idea ( a "w ( art1 ( poetry1 ! fundam5tal ?\ght ( a philosophy %one d[n f heav5 l a ray ( grace4 ,9 reality ! imag9ation ( ! good arti/ or ?9k] con/antly produces good1 m$iocre1 & bad1 b 8 judgm5t1 mo/ cle> & practis$1 rejects & *ooses & jo9s toge!r1 j z we n[ le>n f ,bee?ov5's notebooks t he gradually compos$ ! mo/ beautiful melodies1 & 9 a mann] select$ !m1 f _m diff]5t attempts4 ,he :o makes less sev]e di/9ctions1 & will+ly ab&ons himself to imitative memories1 may "u c]ta9 circum/ances become a great improvisatore2 b arti/ic improvisation ranks l[ 9 comp>ison ) s]i\s & labori\sly *os5 arti/ic ?\ghts4 ,all great m5 7 great work]s1 unwe>i$ n only 9 inv5tion b also 9 rejection1 review+1 trans=m+1 & arrang+4 #aef4 ,,inspiration ,,aga94--,if ! productive p[] has be5 susp5d$ = a l5g? ( "t1 & has be5 h9d]$ 9 its outfl[ by "s ob/acle1 !re comes at la/ su* a sudd5 out-p\r+1 z if an imm$iate inspiration 7 tak+ place )\t previ\s inw>d work+1 consequ5tly a miracle4 ,?is con/itutes ! famili> deception1 9 ! cont9uance ( :i*1 z we h said1 ! int]e/ ( all arti/s is r too mu* conc]n$4 ,! capital has only accumulat$1 x has n sudd5ly fall5 d[n f heav54 ,moreov]1 su* app>5t inspirations are se5 else:]e1 = in/ance 9 ! realm ( goodness1 ( virtue & ( vice4 #aeg4 ,,! ,,suff]+ ,,( ,,g5ius ,,& ,,its ,,value4--,! arti/ic g5ius desires to give pleasure1 b if 8 m9d is on a v high plane he does n easily f9d any "o to %>e 8 pleasure2 he (f]s ent]ta9m5t b nobody accepts x4 ,?is gives him1 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 a comically t\*+ pa?os2 = he has really no "r to =ce pleasure on m54 ,he pipes1 b none w dance3 c t be tragic8 ,p]haps4--,z comp5sation = ?is deprivation1 h[ev]1 he f9ds m pleasure 9 creat+ ?an ! re/ ( mank9d exp]i5ces 9 all o!r species ( activity4 ,8 suff]+s are consid]$ z exagg]at$1 because ! s\nd ( 8 compla9ts is l\d] & 8 tongue m eloqu5t2 & yet sometimes 8 suff]+s are really v great2 b only because 8 ambition & 8 envy are s great4 ,! le>n$ g5ius1 l ,kepl] & ,sp9oza1 is usually n s covet\s & does n make su* an exhibition ( 8 really great] suff]+s & deprivations4 ,he c reckon ) great] c]ta9ty on future fame & c af=d to d )\t ! pres5t1 :il/ an arti/ :o does ?is always plays a desp]ate game t makes 8 he>t a*e4 ,9 v r>e cases1 :5 9 "o & ! same individual are comb9$ ! g5ius ( p[] & ( k & ! moral g5ius1 !re is add$ to ! above-m5tion$ pa9s t species ( pa9 :i* mu/ be reg>d$ z ! mo/ curi\s exception 9 ! _w2 ^? extra- & sup]-p]sonal s5sations :i* are exp]i5c$ on behalf ( a nation1 ( humanity1 ( all civilisation1 all suff]+ exi/5ce1 :i* acquire _! value ?r\gh ! connection ) p>ticul>ly difficult & remote p]ceptions 7pity 9 itself is wor? b little74 ,b :at /&>d1 :at pro( is !re = its g5u95ess8 ,is x n almo/ imp]ative to be mi/ru/ful ( all :o talk ( feel+ s5sations ( ?is k9d8 #aeh4 ,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,greatness4--,e great ph5om5on is foll[$ by deg5]ation1 especially 9 ! _w ( art4 ,! example ( ! great tempts va9] natures to sup]ficial imitation or exagg]ation2 all great gifts h ! fatality ( cru%+ _m weak] =ces & g]ms1 & ( lay+ wa/e all nature ar\nd !m4 ,! happie/ arrangem5t 9 ! developm5t ( an art is = sev]al g5iuses mutually to hold "o ano!r )9 b\nds2 9 ?is /rife x g5]ally happ5s t light & air are also grant$ to ! weak] & m delicate natures4 #aei4 ,,art ,,dang]\s ,,= ,,! ,,arti/4--,:5 art takes /rong hold ( an individual x draws him back to ! contemplation ( ^? times :5 art fl\ri%$ be/1 & x has !n a retrograde effect4 ,! arti/ gr[s m & m to rev]5ce sudd5 inspirations2 he believes 9 gods & dmons1 he spiritualises all nature1 hates sci5ce1 is *angeable 9 8 moods l ! anci5ts1 & longs = an ov]?r[ ( all exi/+ conditions :i* are n fav\rable to art1 & does ?is ) ! impetuosity & unreasonabl5ess ( a *ild4 ,n[1 9 himself1 ! arti/ is already a backw>d nature1 because he halts at a game t belongs prop]ly to y\? & *ildhood2 to ?is is add$ ! fact t he is educat$ back into =m] times4 ,?us !re gradually arises a fi]ce antagonism betwe5 him & 8 contempor>ies1 & a sad end+2 accord+ to ! acc\nts ( ! anci5ts1 ,hom] & s*ylus sp5t _! la/ ye>s1 & di$1 9 melan*oly4 #afj4 ,,creat$ ,,individuals4--,:5 x is said t ! dramati/ 7& ! arti/ above all7 creates real *>act]s1 x is a f9e deception & exagg]ation1 9 ! exi/5ce & propagation ( :i* art celebrates "o ( its unconsci\s b at ! same "t abundant triumphs4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we d n und]/& mu* ab\t a real1 liv+ man1 & we g5]alise v sup]ficially :5 we ascribe to him ?is & t "*2 ?is v imp]fect attitude ( ours t[>ds man is repres5t$ by ! poet1 inasmu* z he makes into m5 79 ?is s5se creates7 outl9es z sup]ficial z our k ( man is sup]ficial4 ,!re is a great deal ( delusion ab\t ^! creat$ *>act]s ( arti/s2 !y are by no means liv+ productions ( nature1 b are l pa9t$ m51 some:at too ?91 !y w n be> a close inspection4 ,& :5 x is said t ! "* ( ! ord9>y liv+ be+ contradicts itself frequ5tly1 & t ! "o creat$ by ! dramati/ is ! orig9al model conceiv$ by nature1 ?is is q wrong4 ,a g5u9e man is some?+ absolutely necess>y 7ev5 9 ^? s-call$ contradictions71 b we d n always recognise ?is necessity4 ,! imag9>y man1 ! phantasm1 signifies some?+ necess>y1 b only to ^? :o und]/& a real man only 9 a crude1 unnatural simplification1 s t a few /rong1 (t-repeat$ traits1 ) a great deal ( light & %ade & half-light ab\t !m1 amply satisfy _! notions4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 ready to treat ! phantasm z a g5u9e1 necess>y man1 because ) real m5 !y are accu/om$ to reg>d a phantasm1 an outl9e1 an int5tional abbreviation z ! :ole4 ,t ! pa9t] & ! sculptor express ! idea ( man is a va9 imag9ation & delusion2 :oev] says ?is is 9 subjection to ! eye1 = ?is only sees !' surface1 ! epid]mis ( ! human body1--! inw>d body1 h[ev]1 is equally a "p ( ! idea4 ,pla/ic art wi%es to make "* visible on ! surface2 hi/rionic art employs spee* = ! same purpose1 x reflects "* 9 s\nds4 ,art />ts f ! natural ignorance ( man ab\t 8 int]ior condition 79 body & "*72 x is n meant = philosoph]s or natural sci5ti/s4 #afa4 ,,! ,,ov]-,,valuation ,,( ,,self ,,9 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,arti/s ,,& ,,philosoph]s4--,we are all prone to ?9k t ! excell5ce ( a "w ( art or ( an arti/ is prov$ :5 x moves & t\*es u4 ,b !re our own excell5ce 9 judgm5t & s5sibility mu/ h be5 prov$ fir/1 :i* is n ! case4 ,9 all pla/ic art1 :o _h great] p[] to effect a *>m ?an ,b]n9i1 :o made a great] effect ?an ! orator t appe>$ aft] ,demo/h5es introduc$ ! ,asiatic /yle & gave x a pr$om9ance :i* la/$ ?r\gh\t two c5turies8 ,?is pr$om9ance dur+ :ole c5turies is n a pro( ( ! excell5ce & endur+ validity ( a /yle2 !re=e we mu/ n be too c]ta9 9 our good op9ion ( any arti/1--?is is n only belief 9 ! tru?fulness ( our s5sations b also 9 ! infallibility ( our judgm5t1 :]eas judgm5t or s5sation1 or ev5 bo?1 may be too co>se or too f9e1 exagg]at$ or crude4 ,nei!r are ! bless+s & blissfulness ( a philosophy or ( a religion pro(s ( its tru?2 j z little z ! happ9ess :i* an insane p]son d]ives f 8 fix$ idea is a pro( ( ! reasonabl5ess ( ?is idea4 #afb4 ,,! ,,cult ,,( ,,g5ius ,,= ,,! ,,sake ,,( ,,vanity4--,because we ?9k well ( ourselves1 b nev]!less d n imag9e t we are capable ( ! conception ( "o ( ,raphael's pictures or ( a sc5e su* z ^? ( "o ( ,%akespe>e's dramas1 we p]suade ourselves t ! faculty = do+ ?is is q extraord9>ily wond]ful1 a v r>e case1 or1 if we are religi\sly incl9$1 a grace f above4 ,?us ! cult ( g5ius fo/]s our vanity1 our self-love1 = x is only :5 we ?9k ( x z v f> remov$ f u1 z a miraculum1 t x does n w\nd u 7ev5 ,goe!1 :o 0 free f envy1 call$ ,%akespe>e a /> ( ! f>!/ heav5s1 :]eby we are rem9d$ ( ! l9e die ,/]ne1 die begehrt man ni*t4#a7 ,b1 ap>t f ^? sugge/ions ( our vanity1 ! activity ( a g5ius does n seem s radically diff]5t f ! activity ( a me*anical inv5tor1 ( an a/ronom] or hi/orian or /rategi/4 ,all ^! =ms ( activity are explicable if we realise m5 ^: m9ds are active 9 "o special direction1 :o make use ( ev]y?+ z mat]ial1 :o always eag]ly /udy _! own inw>d life & t ( o!rs1 :o f9d types & incitem5ts ev]y:]e1 :o nev] we>y 9 ! employm5t ( _! means4 ,g5ius does no?+ b le>n h[ to lay /ones1 !n to build1 always to seek = mat]ial & always to "w ^u x4 ,e human activity is m>vell\sly complicat$1 & n only t ( g5ius1 b x is no miracle4 ,n[ :5ce comes ! belief t g5ius is f\nd only 9 arti/s1 orators1 & philosoph]s1 t !y alone h intuition 7by :i* we cr$it !m ) a k9d ( magic glass by means ( :i* !y see /raight into "o's be+78 ,x is cle> t m5 only speak ( g5ius :]e ! work+s ( a great intellect are mo/ agreeable to !m & !y h no desire to feel envi\s4 ,to call any "o div9e is z mu* z say+ "h we h no occasion = rivalry4 ,?us x is t ev]y?+ complet$ & p]fect is />$ at1 & ev]y?+ incomplete is und]valu$4 ,n[ nobody c see h[ ! "w ( an arti/ has develop$2 t is its advantage1 = ev]y?+ ( :i* ! developm5t is se5 is look$ on coldly ,! p]fect$ art ( repres5tation precludes all ?\ght ( its developm5t1 x tyrannises z pres5t p]fection4 ,= ?is reason arti/s ( repres5tation are especially held to be possess ( g5ius1 b n sci5tific m54 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 ! =m] valuation & ! latt] "u-valuation are only pu]ilities ( reason4 #afc4 ,,! ,,e>ne/ness ,,( ,,h&icraft4--,d n talk ( gifts1 ( inborn tal5ts6 ,we c\ld m5tion great m5 ( all k9ds :o 7 b little gift$4 ,b !y obta9$ greatness1 became g5iuses 7z !y are call$71 ?r\gh qualities ( ! lack ( :i* nobody :o is consci\s ( !m likes to speak4 ,!y all _h t ?or\gh e>ne/ness = "w :i* le>ns fir/ h[ to =m ! diff]5t p>ts p]fectly be=e x v5tures to make a great :ole2 !y gave !mselves "t = ?is1 because !y took m pleasure 9 do+ small1 accessory ?+s well ?an 9 ! effect ( a dazzl+ :ole4 ,= in/ance1 ! recipe = becom+ a good noveli/ is easily giv51 b ! c>ry+ out ( ! recipe presupposes qualities :i* we are 9 ! habit ( ov]look+ :5 we say1 ,i h n suffici5t tal5t4 ,make a hundr$ or m sket*es ( novel-plots1 none m ?an two pages long1 b ( su* cle>ness t e ^w 9 !m is necess>y2 write d[n anecdotes e day until y le>n to f9d ! mo/ pregnant1 mo/ effective =m2 nev] we>y ( collect+ & del9eat+ human types & *>act]s2 above all1 n>rate ?+s z (t5 z possible & li/5 to n>rations ) a %>p eye & e> = ! effect ^u o!r p pres5t2 travel l a l&scape pa9t] & a design] ( co/umes2 take f diff]5t sci5ces ev]y?+ t is arti/ically effective1 if x be well repres5t$2 f9ally1 m$itate on ! motives = human actions1 scorn n ev5 ! smalle/ po9t ( in/ruction on ?is subject1 & collect simil> matt]s by day & night4 ,sp5d "s t5 ye>s 9 ^! v>i\s ex]cises3 !n ! creations ( y\r /udy may be all[$ to see ! light ( day4 ,b :at d mo/ p d1 on ! contr>y8 ,!y d n beg9 ) ! "p1 b ) ! :ole4 ,p]haps !y make "o good /roke1 excite att5tion1 & ev] aft]w>ds _! "w gr[s worse & worse1 = good1 natural reasons4 ,b sometimes1 :5 intellect & "* are lack+ = ! =mation ( su* an arti/ic c>e]1 fate & necessity take ! place ( ^! qualities & lead ! future ma/] /ep by /ep ?r\gh all ! phases ( 8 craft4 #afd4 ,,! ,,dang] ,,& ,,! ,,ga9 ,,9 ,,! ,,cult ,,( ,,g5ius4--,! belief 9 great1 sup]ior1 f]tile m9ds is n necess>ily1 b /ill v frequ5tly1 connect$ ) t :olly or p>tly religi\s sup]/ition t ^? spirits are ( sup]human orig9 & possess c]ta9 m>vell\s faculties1 by means ( :i* !y obta9$ _! k 9 ways q diff]5t f ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,!y are cr$it$ ) hav+ an imm$iate insight into ! nature ( ! _w1 ?r\gh a peep-hole 9 ! mantle ( ! ph5om5on z x 71 & x is believ$ t1 )\t ! tr\ble & sev]ity ( sci5ce1 by virtue ( ?is m>vell\s prophetic sight1 !y c\ld imp>t some?+ f9al & decisive ab\t mank9d & ! _w4 ,s long z !re are /ill believ]s 9 miracles 9 ! _w ( k x may p]haps be admitt$ t ! believ]s !mselves d]ive a b5efit !refrom1 inasmu* z by _! absolute subjection to great m9ds !y obta9 ! be/ discipl9e & s*ool+ = _! own m9ds dur+ ! p]iod ( developm5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may at lea/ be que/ion$ :e!r ! sup]/ition ( g5ius1 ( its privileges & special faculties1 is useful = a g5ius himself :5 x implants itself 9 him4 ,9 any case x is a dang]\s sign :5 man %udd]s at 8 own self1 be x t fam\s ,cs>ian %udd] or ! %udd] ( g5ius :i* applies to ?is case1 :5 ! inc5se ( sacrifice1 :i* by rights is (f]$ to a ,god alone1 p5etrates into ! bra9 ( ! g5ius1 s t he beg9s to wav] & to look ^u himself z some?+ sup]human4 ,! sl[ consequ5ces are3 ! feel+ ( irresponsibility1 ! exceptional rights1 ! belief t m]e int]c\rse ) him conf]s a fav\r1 & frantic rage at any attempt to comp>e him ) o!rs or ev5 to place him bel[ !m & to br+ into prom95ce :atev] is unsuccessful 9 8 "w4 ,?r\gh ! fact t he ceases to criticise himself "o p9ion aft] ano!r falls out ( 8 plumage1--t sup]/ition und]m9es ! f\ndation ( 8 /r5g? & ev5 makes him a hypocrite aft] 8 p[] has fail$ him4 ,= great m9ds x is1 !re=e1 p]haps bett] :5 !y come to an und]/&+ ab\t _! /r5g? & its s\rce1 :5 !y compreh5d :at purely human qualities are m+l$ 9 !m1 :at a comb9ation !y are ( =tunate conditions3 ?us once x 0 cont9ual en]gy1 a decid$ application to individual aims1 great p]sonal c\rage1 & !n ! good =tune ( an education1 :i* at an e>ly p]iod provid$ ! be/ tea*]s1 examples1 & me?ods4 ,assur$ly1 if its aim is to make ! greate/ possible effect1 ab/rus5ess has always done mu* = itself & t gift ( p>tial insanity2 = at all times t p[] has be5 admir$ & envi$ by means ( :i* m5 7 depriv$ ( w & imbu$ ) ! fancy t !y 7 prec$$ by sup]natural lead]s4 ,truly1 m5 are exalt$ & inspir$ by ! belief t "s "o among !m is end[$ ) sup]natural p[]s1 & 9 ?is respect insanity1 z ,plato says1 has br\ght ! greate/ bless+s to mank9d4 ,9 a few r>e cases ?is =m ( insanity may also h be5 ! means by :i* an all-r\nd exub]ant nature 0 kept )9 b\nds2 9 individual life ! imag9+s ( fr5zy frequ5tly ex]t ! virtue ( rem$ies :i* are poisons 9 !mselves2 b 9 e g5ius t believes 9 8 own div9ity ! poison %[s itself at la/ 9 ! same proportion z ! g5ius gr[s old2 we ne$ b recollect ! example ( ,napoleon1 = x 0 mo/ assur$ly ?r\gh 8 fai? 9 himself & 8 />1 & ?r\gh 8 scorn ( mank9d1 t he grew to t mighty unity :i* di/+ui%$ him f all mod]n m51 until at la/1 h[ev]1 ?is fai? develop$ into an almo/ insane fatalism1 robb$ him ( 8 quickness ( compreh5sion & p5etration1 & 0 ! cause ( 8 d[nfall4 #afe4 ,,g5ius ,,& ,,nullity4--,x is precisely ! orig9al arti/s1 ^? :o create out ( _! own heads1 :o 9 c]ta9 circum/ances c br+ =? complete empt9ess & husk1 :il/ ! m dep5d5t natures1 ! s-call$ tal5t$ ones1 are full ( memories ( all mann] ( goodness1 & ev5 9 a /ate ( weakness produce some?+ tol]able4 ,b if ! orig9al ones are ab&on$ by !mselves1 memory r5d]s !m no assi/ance2 !y become empty4 #aff4 ,,! ,,public4--,! p really dem&s no?+ m f trag$y ?an to be deeply affect$1 9 ord] to h a good cry occasionally2 ! arti/1 on ! contr>y1 :o sees ! new trag$y1 takes pleasure 9 ! clev] te*nical inv5tions & tricks1 9 ! managem5t & di/ribution ( ! mat]ial1 9 ! novel arrangem5t ( old motives & old ideas4 ,8 attitude is ! /hetic attitude t[>ds a "w ( art1 t ( ! creator2 ! "o fir/ describ$1 ) reg>d solely to ! mat]ial1 is t ( he p4 ,( ! individual :o /&s betwe5 ! two no?+ ne$ be said3 he is nei!r p nor arti/1 & does n "k :at he wants--!re=e 8 pleasure is also cl\d$ & insignificant4 #afg4 ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,public4--,if ! same motif is n employ$ 9 a hundr$ ways by diff]5t ma/]s1 ! public nev] le>ns to get beyond _! int]e/ 9 ! subject2 b at la/1 :5 x is well acqua9t$ ) ! motif ?r\gh c\ntless diff]5t treatm5ts1 & no long] f9ds 9 x any *>m ( novelty or excitem5t1 x w !n beg9 to grasp & enjoy ! v>i\s %ades & delicate new inv5tions 9 its treatm5t4 #afh4 ,,! ,,arti/ ,,& ,,8 ,,foll[]s ,,mu/ ,,keep ,,9 ,,/ep4--,! progress f "o grade ( /yle to ano!r mu/ be s sl[ t n only ! arti/s b also ! auditors & spectators c foll[ x & "k exactly :at is go+ on4 ,o!rwise !re w sudd5ly appe> t great *asm betwe5 ! arti/1 :o creates 8 "w ^u a height ap>t1 & ! public1 :o _c rise up to t height & f9ally s9ks discont5t$ly deep]4 ,= :5 ! arti/ no long] raises 8 public x rapidly s9ks d[nw>ds1 & its fall is ! deep] & m dang]\s 9 proportion to ! height to :i* g5ius has c>ri$ x1 l ! eagle1 out ( ^: talons a tortoise t has be5 borne up into ! cl\ds falls to its de/ruction4 #afi4 ,,! ,,s\rce ,,( ,,! ,,comic ,,elem5t4--,if we consid] t = _m ?\s&s ( ye>s man 0 an animal t 0 susceptible 9 ! highe/ degree to fe>1 & t ev]y?+ sudd5 & unexpect$ _h to f9d him ready = battle1 p]haps ev5 ready = dea?2 t ev5 lat]1 9 social relations1 all security 0 bas$ on ! expect$1 on cu/om 9 ?\ght & action1 we ne$ n be surpris$ t at ev]y?+ sudd5 & unexpect$ 9 ^w & de$1 if x occurs )\t dang] or injury1 man becomes exub]ant & passes ov] into ! v opposite ( fe>--! t]rifi$1 trembl+1 cr\*+ be+ %oots upw>d1 /ret*es itself3 man laughs4 ,?is transition f mom5t>y fe> into %ort-liv$ exhil>ation is call$ ! ,comic4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! tragic ph5om5on1 man passes quickly f great endur+ exub]ance into great fe>2 b z among/ mortals great & la/+ exub]ance is mu* r>] ?an ! cause = fe>1 !re is f> m com$y ?an trag$y 9 ! _w2 we laugh mu* (f5] ?an we are agitat$4 #agj4 ,,! ,,arti/',s ,,ambition4--,! ,greek arti/s1 ! trag$ians = in/ance1 compos$ 9 ord] to conqu]2 _! :ole art _c be imag9$ )\t rivalry1--! good ,hesiodian ,eris1 ,ambition1 gave w+s to _! g5ius4 ,?is ambition fur!r dem&$ t _! "w %\ld a*ieve ! greate/ excell5ce 9 _! own eyes1 z !y und]/ood excell5ce1 )\t any reg>d = ! reign+ ta/e & ! g5]al op9ion ab\t excell5ce 9 a "w ( art2 & ?us x 0 long be=e s*ylus & ,euripides a*iev$ any success1 until at la/ !y educat$ judges ( art1 :o valu$ _! "w accord+ to ! /&>ds :i* !y !mselves appo9t$4 ,h5ce !y /rove = victory ov] rivals accord+ to _! own valuation1 !y really wi%$ to be m excell5t2 !y dem&$ ass5t f )\t to ?is self-valuation1 ! confirmation ( ?is v]dict4 ,to a*ieve hon\r means 9 ?is case to make "o's self sup]ior to o!rs1 & to desire t ?is %\ld be recognis$ publicly4 ,%\ld ! =m] condition be want+1 & ! latt] nev]!less desir$1 x is !n call$ vanity4 ,%\ld ! latt] be lack+ & n miss$1 !n x is nam$ pride4 #aga4 ,,:at ,,is ,,ne$ful ,,to ,a ,,"w ,,( ,,art4--,^? :o talk s mu* ab\t ! ne$ful factors ( a "w ( art exagg]ate2 if !y are arti/s !y d s 9 majorem artis gloriam1 if !y are laym51 f ignorance4 ,! =m ( a "w ( art1 :i* gives spee* to _! ?\ghts & is1 !re=e1 _! mode ( talk+1 is always some:at unc]ta91 l all k9ds ( spee*4 ,! sculptor c add or omit _m little traits1 z c also ! expon5t1 be he an actor or1 9 music1 a p]=m] or conductor4 ,^! _m little traits & f9i%+ t\*es af=d him pleasure "o day & none ! next1 !y exi/ m = ! sake ( ! arti/ ?an ! art2 = he also has occasionally ne$ ( sweetmeats & play?+s to prev5t him f becom+ morose ) ! sev]ity & self-re/ra9t :i* ! repres5tation ( ! dom9ant idea dem&s f him4 #agb4 ,,to ,,cause ,,! ,,ma/] ,,to ,,be ,,=gott54--,! pian(orte play] :o executes ! "w ( a ma/] w h play$ be/ if he has made 8 audi5ce =get ! ma/]1 & if x seem$ z if he 7 relat+ a /ory f 8 own life or j pass+ ?r\gh "s exp]i5ce4 ,assur$ly1 if he is ( no importance1 e "o w abhor ! g>rulity ) :i* he talks ab\t 8 own life4 ,!re=e he mu/ "k h[ to influ5ce 8 he>]'s imag9ation fav\rably t[>ds himself4 ,h]eby are expla9$ all ! weaknesses & follies ( ! virtuoso4 #agc4 ,,corrig] ,,la ,,=tune4--,!re are un=tunate accid5ts 9 ! lives ( great arti/s1 :i* compel ! pa9t]1 = in/ance1 to sket* out 8 mo/ important picture only z a pass+ ?\ght1 or su* z oblig$ ,bee?ov5 to leave beh9d him only ! insuffici5t pian(orte score ( _m great sonatas 7z 9 ! great ,b flat74 ,9 ^! cases ! arti/ ( a lat] day mu/ endeav\r to fill out ! life ( ! great man1--( all or*e/ral effects1 w\ld call into life t symphony :i* has fall5 into ! piano-trance4 #agd4 ,,r$uc+4--,_m ?+s1 ev5ts1 or p]sons1 _c be> treatm5t on a small scale4 ,! ,laocoon gr\p _c be r$uc$ to a knick-knack2 great size is necess>y to x4 ,b m seldom /ill does any?+ t is naturally small be> enl>gem5t2 = :i* reason biograph]s succe$ f> (t5] 9 repres5t+ a great man z small ?an a small "o z great4 #age4 ,,s5su\sness ,,9 ,,pres5t-,,day ,,art4--,arti/s n[adays frequ5tly miscalculate :5 !y c\nt on ! s5su\s effect ( _! works1 = _! spectators or he>]s h no long] a fully s5su\s nature1 &1 q contr>y to ! arti/'s int5tion1 8 "w produces 9 !m a hol9ess ( feel+ :i* is closely relat$ to bor$om4 ,_! s5su\sness beg9s1 p]haps1 j :]e t ( ! arti/ ceases2 !y meet1 !re=e1 only at "o po9t at ! mo/4 #agf4 ,,%akespe>e ,,z ,a ,,morali/4--,%akespe>e m$itat$ mu* on ! passions1 & on acc\nt ( 8 temp]am5t _h probably a close acqua9tance ) _m ( !m 7dramati/s are 9 g5]al r wick$ m574 ,he c\ld1 h[ev] n talk on ! subject1 l ,montaigne1 b put 8 obs]vations !reon into ! m\?s ( impassion$ figures1 :i* is contr>y to nature1 c]ta9ly1 b makes 8 dramas s ri* 9 ?\ght t !y cause all o!rs to seem poor 9 comp>ison & readily ar\se a g5]al av]sion to !m4 ,s*ill]'s reflections 7:i* are almo/ always bas$ on errone\s or trivial fancies7 are j !atrical ,reflections1 & z su* are v effective2 :]eas ,%akespe>e's reflections d hon\r to 8 model1 ,montaigne1 & conta9 q s]i\s ?\ghts 9 poli%$ =m1 b on t acc\nt are too remote & ref9$ = ! eyes ( ! !atrical public1 & are consequ5tly ineffective4 #agg4 ,,secur+ ,a ,,good ,,he>+4--,x is n suffici5t to "k h[ to play well2 "o mu/ also "k h[ to secure a good he>+4 ,a viol9 9 ! h& ( ! greate/ ma/] gives only a little squeak :5 ! place :]e x is he>d is too l>ge2 ! ma/] may !n be mi/ak5 = any bungl]4 #agh4 ,,! ,,incomplete ,,z ,,! ,,effective4--,j z figures 9 relief make su* a /rong impression on ! imag9ation because !y seem 9 ! act ( em]g+ f ! wall & only /opp$ by "s sudd5 h9drance2 s ! relief-l1 incomplete repres5tation ( a ?\ght1 or a :ole philosophy1 is sometimes m effective ?an its exhau/ive amplification1--m is left = ! inve/igation ( ! onlook]1 he is incit$ to ! fur!r /udy ( t :i* /&s out be=e him 9 su* /rong light & %ade2 he is prompt$ to ?9k out ! subject1 & ev5 to ov]come ! h9drance :i* hi!rto prev5t$ x f em]g+ cle>ly4 #agi4 ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,ecc5tric4--,:5 art arrays itself 9 ! mo/ %abby mat]ial x is mo/ easily recognis$ z art4 #ahj4 ,,collective ,,intellect4--,a good au?or possesses n only 8 own intellect1 b also t ( 8 fri5ds4 #aha4 ,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,mi/akes4--,! mis=tune ( acute & cle> au?ors is t p consid] !m z %all[ & !re=e d n devote any ef=t to !m2 & ! good =tune ( obscure writ]s is t ! read] makes an ef=t to und]/& !m & places ! delight 9 8 own zeal to _! cr$it4 #ahb4 ,,relation ,,to ,,sci5ce4--,none ( ! p h any real int]e/ 9 a sci5ce1 :o only beg9 to be en?usia/ic ab\t x :5 !y !mselves lave made discov]ies 9 x4 #ahc4 ,,! ,,key4--,! s+le ?\ght on :i* an em95t man sets a great value1 ar\s+ ! d]ision & laught] ( ! masses1 is = him a key to hidd5 treasures2 = !m1 h[ev]1 x is no?+ m ?an a piece ( old iron4 #ahd4 ,,untranslatable4--,x is nei!r ! be/ nor ! wor/ p>ts ( a book :i* are untranslatable4 #ahe4 ,,au?ors' ,,p>adoxes4--,! s-call$ p>adoxes ( an au?or to :i* a read] objects are (t5 n 9 ! au?or's book at all1 b 9 ! read]'s head4 #ahf4 ,,wit4--,! wittie/ au?ors produce a sc>cely noticeable smile4 #ahg4 ,,anti!sis4--,anti!sis is ! n>r[ gate ?r\gh :i* error is fonde/ ( sneak+ to ! tru?4 #ahh4 ,,?9k]s ,,z ,,/yli/s4--,mo/ ?9k]s write badly1 because !y communicate n only _! ?\ghts1 b also ! ?9k+ ( !m4 #ahi4 ,,?\ghts ,,9 ,,poetry4--,! poet conveys 8 ?\ghts c]emoni\sly 9 ! vehicle ( rhy?m1 usually because !y are n able to g on foot4 #aij4 ,,! ,,s9 ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,read]',s ,,intellect4--,:5 an au?or r5\nces 8 tal5t 9 ord] m]ely to put himself on a level ) ! read]1 he commits ! only deadly s9 :i* ! latt] w nev] =give1 %\ld he notice any?+ ( x4 ,"o may say ev]y?+ t is bad ab\t a p]son1 b 9 ! mann] 9 :i* x is said "o mu/ "k h[ to revive 8 vanity anew4 #aia4 ,,! ,,limits ,,( ,,uprightness4--,ev5 ! mo/ upright au?or lets fall a ^w too mu* :5 he wi%es to r\nd (f a p]iod4 #aib4 ,,! ,,be/ ,,au?or1--,! be/ au?or w be he :o is a%am$ to become "o4 #aic4 ,,draconian ,,law ,,aga9/ ,,au?ors4--,"o %\ld reg>d au?ors z crim9als :o only obta9 acquittal or m]cy 9 ! r>e/ cases1--t w\ld be a rem$y = books becom+ too rife4 #aid4 ,,! ,,fools ,,( ,,mod]n ,,culture4--,! fools ( m$ival c\rts correspond to our feuilleton writ]s2 !y are ! same k9d ( m51 semi-rational1 witty1 extravagant1 fooli%1 sometimes !re only = ! purpose ( less5+ ! pa?os ( ! outlook ) fancies & *att]1 & ( dr[n+ ) _! clam\r ! f> too deep & solemn *imes ( great ev5ts2 !y 7 =m]ly 9 ! s]vice ( pr9ces & nobles1 n[ !y are 9 ! s]vice ( p>ties 7s9ce a l>ge portion ( ! old obsequi\sness 9 ! int]c\rse ( ! p ) _! pr9ce /ill survives 9 p>ty-feel+ & p>ty-discipl9e74 ,mod]n lit]>y m51 h[ev]1 are g5]ally v simil> to ! feuilleton writ]s1 !y are ! fools ( mod]n culture1 :om "o judges m l5i5tly :5 "o does n reg>d !m z fully responsible be+s4 ,to look ^u writ+ z a regul> pr(ession %\ld ju/ly be reg>d$ z a =m ( madness4 #aie4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,example ,,( ,,! ,,greeks4--,x is a great h9drance to k at pres5t t1 ow+ to c5turies ( exagg]ation ( feel+1 all words h become vague & inflat$4 ,! high] /age ( culture1 :i* is "u ! sway 7?\gh n "u ! tyranny7 ( k1 requires great sobriety ( feel+ & ?or\gh conc5tration ( words--on :i* po9ts ! ,greeks 9 ! "t ( ,demo/h5es set an example to u4 ,exagg]ation is a di/+ui%+ m>k ( all mod]n writ+s1 & ev5 :5 !y are simply writt5 ! expressions !re9 are /ill felt z too ecc5tric4 ,c>eful reflection1 concis5ess1 coldness1 pla9ness1 ev5 c>ri$ int5tionally to ! f>!/ limits1--9 a ^w1 suppression ( feel+ & taciturnity1--^! are ! only rem$ies4 ,= ! re/1 ?is cold mann] ( writ+ & feel+ is n[ v attractive1 z a contra/2 & to be sure !re is a new dang] !re94 ,= int5se cold is z good a /imulus z a high degree ( w>m?4 #aif4 ,,good ,,n>rators1 ,,bad ,,expla9]s4--,9 good n>rators !re is (t5 f\nd an admirable psy*ological sur5ess & logicalness1 z f> z ^! qualities c be obs]v$ 9 ! actions ( _! p]sonages1 9 positively ludicr\s contra/ to _! inexp]i5c$ psy*ological reason+1 s t _! culture appe>s to be z extraord9>ily high "o mom5t z x seems regrettably defective ! next4 ,x happ5s f> too frequ5tly t !y give an evid5tly false explanation ( _! own h]oes & _! actions1--( ?is !re is no d\bt1 h[ev] improbable ! ?+ may appe>4 ,x is q likely t ! greate/ pian(orte play] has ?\ght b little ab\t ! te*nical conditions & ! special virtues1 drawbacks1 usefulness1 & tractability ( ea* f+] 7dactylic e?ics71 & makes big mi/akes :5ev] he speaks ( su* ?+s4 #aig4 ,,! ,,writ+s ,,( ,,acqua9tances ,,& ,,_! ,,read]s4--,we read ! writ+s ( our acqua9tances 7fri5ds & enemies7 9 a d\ble s5se1 inasmu* z our p]ception con/antly :isp]s1 ,t is some?+ ( himself1 a remembrance ( 8 inw>d be+1 8 exp]i5ces1 8 tal5ts1 & at ! same "t ano!r k9d ( p]ception endeav\rs to e/imate ! pr(it ( ! "w 9 itself1 :at valuation x m]its ap>t f its au?or1 h[ f> x w enri* k4 ,^! two mann]s ( read+ & e/imat+ int]f]e ) ea* o!r1 z may naturally be suppos$4 ,& a conv]sation ) a fri5d w only be> good fruit ( k :5 bo? ?9k only ( ! matt] "u consid]ation & =get t !y are fri5ds4 #aih4 ,,rhy?mical ,,sacrifice4--,good writ]s alt] ! rhy?m ( _m a p]iod m]ely because !y d n cr$it ! g5]al read] ) ! ability to compreh5d ! measure foll[$ by ! p]iod 9 its fir/ v]sion2 ?us !y make x easi] = ! read]1 by giv+ ! pref]5ce to ! bett] kn[n rhy?ms44 ,?is reg>d = ! rhy?mical incapacity ( ! mod]n read] has already call$ =? _m a sigh1 = mu* has be5 sacrific$ to x4 ,does n ! same ?+ happ5 to good musicians8 #aii4 ,,! ,,incomplete ,,z ,,an ,,arti/ic ,,/imulus4--,! incomplete is (t5 m effective ?an p]fection1 & ?is is ! case ) eulogies4 ,to effect _! purpose a /imulat+ incomplet5ess is necess>y1 z an irrational elem5t1 :i* calls up a sea be=e ! he>]'s imag9ation1 &1 l a mi/1 conceals ! opposite coa/1 i4e4 ! limits ( ! object ( praise4 ,if ! well-kn[n m]its ( a p]son are ref]r$ to & describ$ at l5g? & 9 detail1 x always gives rise to ! suspicion t ^! are 8 only m]its4 ,! p]fect eulogi/ takes 8 /& above ! p]son prais$1 he appe>s to ov]look him4 ,!re=e complete praise has a weak5+ effect4 #bjj4 ,,precautions ,,9 ,,writ+ ,,& ,,tea*+4--,:oev] has once writt5 & has be5 seiz$ ) ! passion = writ+ le>ns f almo/ all t he does & exp]i5ces t :i* is lit]ally communicable4 ,he ?9ks no long] ( himself1 b ( ! au?or & 8 public2 he desires insight into ?+s2 b n = 8 own use4 ,he :o tea*es is mo/ly incapable ( do+ any?+ = 8 own good3 he is always ?9k+ ( ! good ( 8 s*ol>s1 & all k delights him only 9 s f> z he is able to tea* x4 ,he comes at la/ to reg>d himself z a m$ium ( k1 & above all z a means !reto1 s t he has lo/ all s]i\s consid]ation = himself4 #bja4 ,,! ,,necessity ,,= ,,bad ,,au?ors4--,!re w always be a ne$ ( bad au?ors2 = !y meet ! ta/e ( read]s ( an undevelop$1 immature age--^! h _! requirem5ts z well z mature read]s4 ,if human life 7 ( great] l5g?1 ! numb] ( mature individuals w\ld be great] ?an t ( ! immature1 or at lea/ equally great2 b1 z x is1 by f> ! great] numb] die too "y3 i4e4 !re are always _m m undevelop$ intellects ) bad ta/e4 ,^! dem&1 ) ! great] impetuosity ( y\?1 ! satisfaction ( _! ne$s1 & !y insi/ on hav+ bad au?ors4 #bjb4 ,too ,,ne> ,,& ,,too ,,f>4--,! read] & ! au?or v (t5 d n und]/& ea* o!r1 because ! au?or kn[s 8 !me too well & f9ds x almo/ sl[1 s t he omits ! examples1 ( :i* he kn[s hundr$s2 ! read]1 h[ev]1 is int]e/$ 9 ! subject1 & is liable to consid] x z badly prov$ if examples are lack+4 #bjc4 ,a ,,vani%$ ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,art4--,( ev]y?+ t 0 practis$ 9 public s*ools1 ! ?+ ( greate/ value 0 ! ex]cise 9 ,lat9 /yle1--?is 0 an ex]cise 9 art1 :il/ all o!r occupations aim$ only at ! acquirem5t ( k4 ,x is a b>b>ism to put ,g]man composition be=e x1 = !re is no typical ,g]man /yle develop$ by public oratory2 b if !re is a desire to advance practice 9 ?\ght by means ( ,g]man composition1 !n x is c]ta9ly bett] = ! "t be+ to pay no att5tion to /yle1 to sep>ate ! practice 9 ?\ght1 !re=e1 f ! practice 9 reproduction4 ,! latt] %\ld conf9e itself to ! v>i\s modes ( pres5t+ a giv5 subject1 & %\ld n conc]n itself ) ! indep5d5t f9d+ ( a subject4 ,! m]e pres5tm5t ( giv5 subject 0 ! task ( ! ,lat9 /yle1 = :i* ! old tea*]s possess$ a long vani%$ delicacy ( e>4 ,=m]ly1 :oev] le>n$ to write well 9 a mod]n language _h to ?ank ?is practice = ! acquirem5t 7n[ we are oblig$ to g to s*ool to ! old] ,fr5* writ]s74 ,b yet m3 he obta9$ an idea ( ! l(t9ess & difficulty ( =m1 & 0 prep>$ = art 9 ! only "r way3 by practice4 #bjd4 ,,d>kness ,,& ,,ov]-,,brightness ,,side ,,by ,,side4--,au?ors :o1 9 g5]al1 d n und]/& h[ to express _! ?\ghts cle>ly are fond ( *oos+1 9 detail1 ! /ronge/1 mo/ exagg]at$ di/9ctions & sup]latives1--!reby is produc$ an effect ( light1 :i* is l tor*light 9 intricate =e/ pa?s4 #bje4 ,,lit]>y ,,pa9t+4--,an important object w be be/ describ$ if ! col\rs = ! pa9t+ are tak5 out ( ! object itself1 z a *emi/ does1 & !n employ$ l an arti/1 s t ! draw+ develops f ! outl9es & transitions ( ! col\rs4 ,?us ! pa9t+ acquires some?+ ( ! entranc+ natural elem5t :i* gives su* importance to ! object itself4 #bjf4 ,,books ,,:i* ,,tea* ,,h[ ,,to ,,dance4--,!re are au?ors :o1 by repres5t+ ! impossible z possible1 & by talk+ ( morality & clev]ness z if bo? 7 m]ely moods & hum\rs assum$ at w1 produce a feel+ ( exub]ant fre$om1 z if man /ood on tiptoe & 7 compell$ to dance f %e]1 inw>d delight4 #bjg4 ,,unf9i%$ ,,?\ghts4--,j z n only manhood1 b also y\? & *ildhood h a value p] se1 & are n to be look$ ^u m]ely z passages & bridges1 s also unf9i%$ ?\ghts h _! value4 ,= ?is reason we mu/ n torm5t a poet ) subtle explanations1 b mu/ take pleasure 9 ! unc]ta9ty ( 8 horizon1 z if ! way to fur!r ?\ghts 7 /ill op54 ,we /& on ! ?re%old2 we wait z = ! digg+ up ( a treasure1 x is z if a well ( pr(undity 7 ab\t to be discov]$4 ,! poet anticipates some?+ ( ! ?9k]'s pleasure 9 ! discov]y ( a lead+ ?\ght1 an makes u covet\s1 s t we give *ase to x2 b x flutt]s pa/ our head & exhibits ! lovelie/ butt]fly-w+s1--& yet x escapes u4 #bjh4 ,,! ,,book ,,gr[n ,,almo/ ,,into ,a ,,human ,,be+4--,e au?or is surpris$ anew at ! way 9 :i* 8 book1 z soon z he has s5t x out1 cont9ues to live a life ( its own2 x seems to him z if "o "p ( an insect _h be5 cut (f & n[ w5t on its own way4 ,p]haps he =gets x almo/ entirely1 p]haps he rises above ! view express$ !re91 p]haps ev5 he und]/&s x no long]1 & has lo/ t impulse ^u :i* he so>$ at ! "t he conceiv$ ! book2 mean:ile x seeks its read]s1 inflames life1 pleases1 horrifies1 inspires new works1 becomes ! s\l ( designs & actions1--9 %ort1 x lives l a creature end[$ ) m9d & s\l1 & yet is no human be+4 ,! happie/ fate is t ( ! au?or :o1 z an old man1 is able to say t all !re 0 9 him ( life-inspir+1 /r5g!n+1 exalt+1 enlight5+ ?\ghts & feel+s /ill lives on 9 8 writ+s1 & t he himself n[ only repres5ts ! gray a%es1 :il/ ! fire has be5 kept alive & spread out4 ,& if we consid] t e human action1 n only a book1 is 9 "s way or o!r ! cause ( o!r actions1 decisions1 & ?\ghts2 t ev]y?+ t happ5s is insep>ably connect$ ) ev]y?+ t is go+ to happ51 we recognise ! real immortality1 t ( movem5t1--t :i* has once mov$ is enclos$ & immortalis$ 9 ! g5]al union ( all exi/5ce1 l an insect )9 a piece ( amb]4 #bji4 ,,joy ,,9 ,,old ,,age4--,! ?9k]1 z likewise ! arti/1 :o has put 8 be/ self into 8 works1 feels an almo/ malici\s joy :5 he sees h[ m9d & body are be+ sl[ly damag$ & de/roy$ by "t1 z if f a d>k corn] he 7 spy+ a ?ief at 8 money-*e/1 kn[+ all ! "t t x 0 empty & 8 treasures 9 safety4 #baj4 ,,quiet ,,fruitfulness4--,! born ari/ocrats ( ! m9d are n 9 too mu* ( a hurry2 _! creations appe> & fall f ! tree on "s quiet autumn ev5+1 )\t be+ ra%ly desir$1 in/igat$1 or pu%$ aside by new matt]4 ,! unceas+ desire to create is vulg>1 & betrays envy1 jeal\sy1 & ambition4 ,if a man is some?+1 x is n really necess>y = him to d any?+--& yet he does a great deal4 ,!re is a human species high] ev5 ?an wie productive man4 #baa4 ,,a*illes ,,& ,,hom]4--,x is always l ! case ( ,a*illes & ,hom]1--! "o has ! exp]i5ces & s5sations1 ! o!r describes !m4 ,a g5u9e au?or only puts into words ! feel+s & adv5tures ( o!rs1 he is an arti/1 & div9es mu* f ! little he has exp]i5c$4 ,arti/s are by no means creatures ( great passion2 b !y frequ5tly repres5t !mselves z su* ) ! unconsci\s feel+ t _! depict$ passion w be bett] believ$ 9 if _! own life gives cr$5ce to _! exp]i5ce 9 ^! affairs4 ,!y ne$ only let !mselves g1 n control !mselves1 & give free play to _! ang] & _! desires1 & e "o w imm$iately cry out1 ,h[ passionate he is6 ,b ! deeply /irr+ passion t consumes & (t5 de/roys ! individual is ano!r matt]3 ^? :o h really exp]i5c$ x d n describe x 9 dramas1 h>monies or romances4 ,arti/s are frequ5tly unbridl$ individuals1 9 s f> z !y are n arti/s1 b t is a diff]5t ?+4 #bab4 ,,old ,,d\bts ,,ab\t ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,art4--,%\ld pity & fe> really be unburd5$ ?r\gh trag$y1 z ,ari/otle w\ld h x1 s t ! he>]s return home cold] & quiet]8 ,%\ld gho/-/ories really make u less fe>ful & sup]/iti\s8 ,9 ! case ( c]ta9 physical processes1 9 ! satisfaction ( love1 = in/ance1 x is true t ) ! fulfilm5t ( a ne$ !re foll[s an alleviation & tempor>y decrease 9 ! impulse4 ,b fe> & pity are n 9 ?is s5se ! ne$s ( p>ticul> organs :i* require to be reliev$4 ,& 9 "t e in/9ct is ev5 /r5g!n$ by practice 9 its satisfaction1 9 spite ( t p]iodical mitigation4 ,x might be possible t 9 ea* s+le case pity & fe> w\ld be soo!d & reliev$ by trag$y2 nev]!less1 !y might1 on ! :ole1 be increas$ by tragic influ5ces1 & ,plato w\ld be "r 9 say+ t trag$y makes u altoge!r m timid & susceptible4 ,! tragic poet himself w\ld !n ( necessity acquire a gloomy & fe>ful view ( ! _w1 & a yield+1 irritable1 te>ful s\l2 x w\ld also agree ) ,plato's view if ! tragic poets1 & likewise ! entire "p ( ! community t d]iv$ p>ticul> pleasure f !m1 deg5]at$ into ev] great] lic5ti\sness & intemp]ance4 ,b :at "r1 inde$1 has our age to give an answ] to t great "q ( ,plato's z to ! moral influ5ce ( art8 ,if we ev5 _h art1--:]e h we an influ5ce1 any k9d ( an art-influ5ce8 #bac4 ,,pleasure ,,9 ,,nons5se4--,h[ c we take pleasure 9 nons5se8 ,b :]ev] !re is laught] 9 ! _w ?is is ! case3 x may ev5 be said t almo/ ev]y:]e :]e !re is happ9ess1 !re is f\nd pleasure 9 nons5se4 ,! trans=mation ( exp]i5ce into its opposite1 ( ! suitable into ! unsuitable1 ! obligatory into ! optional 7b 9 su* a mann] t ?is process produces no injury & is only imag9$ 9 je/71 is a pleasure2 = x tempor>ily lib]ates u f ! yoke ( ! obligatory1 suitable & exp]i5c$1 9 :i* we usually f9d our pitiless ma/]s2 we play & laugh :5 ! expect$ 7:i* g5]ally causes fe> & expectancy7 happ5s )\t br++ any injury4 ,x is ! pleasure felt by slaves 9 ! ,saturnalian fea/s4 #bad4 ,,! ,,ennobl+ ,,( ,,reality4--,?r\gh ! fact t 9 ! aphrodisiac impulse m5 disc]n$ a godhead & ) ador+ gratitude felt x work+ )9 !mselves1 ?is emotion has 9 ! c\rse ( "t become imbu$ ) high] conceptions1 & has !reby be5 mat]ially ennobl$4 ,?us c]ta9 nations1 by virtue ( ?is art ( idealisation1 h creat$ great aids to culture out ( diseases1--! ,greeks1 = in/ance1 :o 9 e>li] c5turies suff]$ f great n]v\s epidemics 7l epilepsy & ,/4 ,vitus' ,dance71 & develop$ out ( !m ! spl5did type ( ! ,bac*ante4 ,! ,greeks1 h[ev]1 enjoy$ an a/oni%+ly high degree ( heal?--_! secret 01 to rev]e ev5 disease z a god1 if x only possess$ p[]4 #bae4 ,music4--,music by & = itself is n s port5t\s = our inw>d nature1 s deeply mov+1 t x ought to be look$ ^u z ! direct language ( ! feel+s2 b its anci5t union ) poetry has infus$ s mu* symbolism into rhy?mical movem5t1 into l\dness & s(tness ( tone1 t we n[ imag9e x speaks directly to & comes f ! inw>d nature4 ,dramatic music is only possible :5 ! art ( h>mony has acquir$ an imm5se range ( symbolical means1 ?r\gh song1 op]a1 & a hundr$ attempts at description by s\nd4 ,absolute music is ei!r =m p] se1 9 '! rude condition ( music1 :5 play+ 9 "t & ) v>i\s degrees ( /r5g? gives pleasure1 or ! symbolism ( =m :i* speaks to ! und]/&+ ev5 )\t poetry1 aft] ! two arts 7 jo9$ f9ally toge!r aft] long developm5t & ! musical =m _h be5 wov5 ab\t ) ?reads ( mean+ & feel+4 ,p :o are backw>d 9 musical developm5t c appreciate a piece ( h>mony m]ely z execution1 :il/ ^? :o are advanc$ w compreh5d x symbolically4 ,no music is deep & full ( mean+ 9 itself1 x does n speak ( w1 ( ! ?+-9-itself2 t c\ld be imag9$ by ! intellect only 9 an age :i* _h conqu]$ = musical symbolism ! entire range ( inn] life4 ,x 0 ! intellect itself t fir/ gave ?is mean+ to s\nd1 j z x also gave mean+ to ! relation betwe5 l9es & masses 9 ar*itecture1 b :i* 9 itself is q =eign to me*anical laws4 #baf4 ,,ge/ure ,,& ,,spee*4--,old] ?an spee* is ! imitation ( ge/ures1 :i* is c>ri$ on unconsci\sly & :i*1 9 ! g5]al repression ( ! language ( ge/ure & tra9$ control ( ! muscles1 is /ill s great t we _c look at a face mov$ by emotion )\t feel+ an agitation ( our own face 7x may be rem>k$ t feign$ yawn+ excites real yawn+ 9 any "o :o sees x74 ,! imitat$ ge/ure leads ! "o :o imitates back to ! s5sation x express$ 9 ! face or body ( ! "o imitat$4 ,?us m5 le>n$ to und]/& "o ano!r1 ?us ! *ild /ill le>ns to und]/& ! "m4 ,g5]ally speak+1 pa9ful s5sations may also h be5 express$ by ge/ures1 & ! pa9 :i* caus$ !m 7= in/ance1 te>+ ! hair1 beat+ ! brea/1 =cible di/ortion & /ra9+ ( ! muscles ( ! face74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ge/ures ( joy 7 !mselves joyful & l5t !mselves easily to ! communication ( ! und]/&+2 7laught]1 z ! expression ( ! feel+ :5 be+ tickl$1 s]ves also = ! expression ( o!r pleasurable s5sations74 ,z soon z m5 und]/ood ea* o!r by ge/ures1 !re c\ld be e/abli%$ a symbolism ( ge/ures2 ,i mean1 an und]/&+ c\ld be arriv$ at respect+ ! language ( acc5ts1 s t fir/ acc5t & ge/ure 7to :i* x 0 symbolically add$7 7 produc$1 & lat] on ! acc5t alone4 ,9 =m] times !re happ5$ v frequ5tly t :i* n[ happ5s 9 ! developm5t ( music1 especially ( dramatic music1--:ile music1 )\t explanatory dance & pantomime 7language ( ge/ure71 is at fir/ only empty s\nd1 b by long famili>ity ) t comb9ation ( music & movem5t ! e> becomes s*ool$ into in/ant int]pretation ( ! figures ( s\nd1 & f9ally atta9s a height ( quick und]/&+1 :]e x has no long] any ne$ ( visible movem5t & und]/&s ! s\nd-poet )\t x4 ,x is !n call$ absolute music1 t is music 9 :i*1 )\t fur!r help1 ev]y?+ is symbolically und]/ood4 #bag4 ,,! ,,spiritualis+ ,,( ,,high] ,,art4--,by virtue ( extraord9>y intellectual ex]cise ?r\gh ! art-developm5t ( ! new music1 our e>s h be5 gr[+ m intellectual4 ,= ?is reason we c n[ endure a mu* great] volume ( s\nd1 mu* m noise1 because we are f> bett] practis$ 9 li/5+ = ! s5se 9 x ?an 7 our ance/ors4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 all our s5ses h be5 some:at blunt$1 because !y imm$iately look = ! s5se2 t is1 !y ask :at x means & n :at x is1--su* a blunt+ betrays itself1 = in/ance1 9 ! absolute dom9ion ( ! temp]ature ( s\nds2 = e>s :i* /ill make ! f9] di/9ctions1 betwe5 eis & des1 = in/ance1 are n[ among/ ! exceptions4 ,9 ?is respect our e> has gr[n co>s]4 ,& !n ! ugly side ( ! _w1 ! "o orig9ally ho/ile to ! s5ses1 has be5 conqu]$ = music2 its p[] has be5 imm5sely wid5$1 especially 9 ! expression ( ! noble1 ! t]rible1 & ! my/]i\s3 our music n[ gives utt]ance to ?+s :i* _h =m]ly no tongue4 ,9 ! same way c]ta9 pa9t]s h r5d]$ ! eye m intellectual1 & h gone f> beyond t :i* 0 =m]ly call$ pleasure 9 col\r & =m4 ,"h1 too1 t side ( ! _w orig9ally consid]$ z ugly has be5 conqu]$ by ! arti/ic intellect4 ,:at results f all ?is8 ,! m capable ( ?\ght t eye & e> become1 ! m !y approa* ! limit :]e !y become s5seless1 ! seat ( pleasure is mov$ into ! bra91 ! organs ( ! s5ses !mselves become dull$ & weak1 ! symbolical takes m & m ! place ( ! actual1--& ?us we arrive at b>b>ism 9 ?is way z surely z 9 any o!r4 ,9 ! meantime we may say3 ! _w is ugli] ?an ev]1 b x repres5ts a m beautiful _w ?an has ev] exi/$4 ,b ! m ! amb]-sc5t ( mean+ is disp]s$ & evaporat$1 ! r>] become ^? :o p]ceive x1 & ! rema9d] halt at :at is ugly & endeav\r to enjoy x direct1 an aim1 h[ev]1 :i* !y nev] succe$ 9 atta9+4 ,?us1 9 ,g]many !re is a tw(old direction ( musical developm5t1 "h a ?rong ( t5 ?\s& ) ev] high]1 f9] dem&s1 ev] li/5+ m & m = ! x means1 & !re ! imm5se c\ntless mass :i* ye>ly gr[s m incapable ( und]/&+ :at is important ev5 9 ! =m ( s5sual ugl9ess1 & :i* !re=e turns ev] m will+ly to :at 9 music is ugly & f\l 9 itself1 t is1 to ! basely s5sual4 #bah4 ,a ,,/one ,,is ,,m ,,( ,a ,,/one ,,?an ,,=m]ly4--,z a g5]al rule we no long] und]/& ar*itecture1 at lea/ by no means 9 ! same way z we und]/& music4 ,we h outgr[n ! symbolism ( l9es & figures1 j z we are no long] accu/om$ to ! s\nd-effects ( rhetoric1 & h n absorb$ ?is k9d ( "m's milk ( culture s9ce our fir/ mom5t ( life4 ,ev]y?+ 9 a ,greek or ,*ri/ian build+ orig9ally _h a mean+1 & ref]r$ to a high] ord] ( ?+s2 ?is feel+ ( inexhau/ible mean+ envelop$ ! edifice l a my/ic veil4 ,beauty 0 only a second>y consid]ation 9 ! sy/em1 )\t 9 any way mat]ially injur+ ! fundam5tal s5tim5t ( ! my/]i\sly-exalt$1 ! div9ely & magically consecrat$2 at ! mo/1 beauty temp]$ horror--b ?is horror 0 ev]y:]e presuppos$4 ,:at is ! beauty ( a build+ n[8 ,! same ?+ z ! beautiful face ( a /upid woman1 a k9d ( mask4 #bai4 ,,! ,,religi\s ,,s\rce ,,( ,,! ,,new] ,,music4--,s\lful music arose out ( ! ,ca?olicism re-e/abli%$ aft] ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 ?r\gh ,pale/r9a1 :o end[$ ! newly-awak5$1 e>ne/1 & deeply mov$ _s ) s\nd2 lat] on1 9 ,ba*1 x appe>$ also 9 ,prote/antism1 z f> z ?is _h be5 deep5$ by ! ,pieti/s & releas$ f its orig9ally dogmatic "*4 ,! supposition & necess>y prep>ation = bo? orig9s is ! famili>ity ) music1 :i* exi/$ dur+ & be=e ! ,r5aissance1 namely t le>n$ occupation ) music1 :i* 0 really sci5tific pleasure 9 ! ma/]pieces ( h>mony & voice-tra9+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! op]a mu/ h prec$$ x1 :]e9 ! layman made 8 prote/ aga9/ a music t _h gr[n too le>n$ & cold1 & endeav\r$ to re-end[ ,polyhymnia ) a s\l4 ,)\t ! *ange to t deeply religi\s s5tim5t1 )\t ! dy+ away ( ! inw>dly mov$ temp]am5t1 music w\ld h rema9$ le>n$ or op]atic2 ! _s ( ! c\nt]-re=mation is ! _s ( mod]n music 7= t pietism 9 ,ba*'s music is also a k9d ( c\nt]-re=mation74 ,s deeply are we indebt$ to ! religi\s life4 ,music 0 ! c\nt]-re=mation 9 ! field ( art2 to ?is belongs also ! lat] pa9t+ ( ! ,c>acci & ,c>avaggi1 p]haps also ! b>oque /yle1 9 any case m ?an ! ar*itecture ( ! ,r5aissance or ( antiquity4 ,& we might /ill ask3 if our new] music c\ld move /ones1 w\ld x build !m up into antique ar*itecture8 ,i v mu* d\bt x4 ,= t :i* pr$om9ates 9 ?is music1 affections1 pleasure 9 exalt$1 highly-/ra9$ s5tim5ts1 ! desire to be alive at any co/1 ! quick *ange ( feel+1 ! /rong relief-effects ( light & %ade1 ! comb9ation ( ! ec/atic & ! nave1--all ?is has already reign$ 9 ! pla/ic arts & creat$ new laws ( /yle3--b x 0 nei!r 9 ! "t ( antiquity nor ( ! ,r5aissance4 #bbj4 ,,! ,,beyond ,,9 ,,art4--,x is n )\t deep pa9 t we ackn[l$ge ! fact t 9 _! l(tie/ so>+s1 arti/s ( all ages h exalt$ & div9ely transfigur$ precisely ^? ideas :i* we n[ recognise z false2 !y are ! glorifi]s ( humanity's religi\s & philosophical errors1 & !y c\ld n h be5 ?is )\t belief 9 ! absolute tru? ( ^! errors4 ,b if ! belief 9 su* tru? dim9i%es at all1 if ! ra9b[ col\rs at ! f>!/ ends ( human k & imag9ation fade1 !n ?is k9d ( art c nev] re-fl\ri%1 =1 l ! ,div9a ,comm$ia1 ,raphael's pa9t+s1 ,mi*elangelo's frescoes1 & ,go?ic ca!drals1 !y indicate n only a cosmic b also a metaphysical mean+ 9 ! "w ( art4 ,out ( all ?is w gr[ a t\*+ leg5d t su* an art & su* an arti/ic fai? once exi/$4 #bba4 ,,revolution ,,9 ,,poetry4--,! /rict limit :i* ! ,fr5* dramati/s m>k$ out ) reg>d to unity ( action1 "t & place1 con/ruction ( /yle1 v]se & s5t5ce1 selection ( words & ideas1 0 a s*ool z important z t ( c\nt]po9t & fugue 9 ! developm5t ( mod]n music or t ( ! ,gorgianic figures 9 ,greek oratory4 ,su* a re/riction may appe> absurd2 nev]!less !re is no means ( gett+ out ( naturalism except by conf9+ ourselves at fir/ to ! /ronge/ 7p]haps mo/ arbitr>y7 means4 ,?us we gradually le>n to walk gracefully on ! n>r[ pa?s t bridge giddy abysses1 & acquire great suppl5ess ( movem5t z a result1 z ! hi/ory ( music proves to our liv+ eyes4 ,"h we see h[1 /ep by /ep1 ! fett]s get loos]1 until at la/ !y may appe> to be altoge!r ?r[n (f2 ?is appe>ance is ! highe/ a*ievem5t ( a necess>y developm5t 9 art4 ,9 ! art ( mod]n poetry !re exi/$ no su* =tunate1 gradual em]g+ f self-impos$ fett]s4 ,less+ held up to scorn 9 ,g]many ! ,fr5* =m1 ! only mod]n =m ( art1 & po9t$ to ,%akespe>e2 & ?us ! /ead9ess ( t unfett]+ 0 lo/ & a spr+ 0 made into naturalism--t is1 back into ! beg9n+s ( art4 ,f ?is ,goe! endeav\r$ to save himself1 by always try+ to limit himself anew 9 diff]5t ways2 b ev5 ! mo/ gift$ only succe$s by cont9u\sly exp]im5t+1 if ! ?read ( developm5t has once be5 brok54 ,x is to ! unconsci\sly rev]$1 if also repudiat$1 model ( ,fr5* trag$y t ,s*ill] owes 8 comp>ative sur5ess ( =m1 & he rema9$ fairly indep5d5t ( ,less+ 7^: dramatic attempts he is well kn[n to h reject$74 ,b aft] ,voltaire ! ,fr5* !mselves sudd5ly lack$ ! great tal5ts :i* w\ld h l$ ! developm5t ( trag$y out ( con/ra9t to t app>5t fre$om2 lat] on !y foll[$ ! ,g]man example & made a spr+ into a sort ( ,r\sseau-l /ate ( nature & exp]im5ts4 ,x is only necess>y to read ,voltaire's ,mahomet f "t to "t 9 ord] to p]ceive cle>ly :at ,european culture has lo/ ?r\gh t break+ d[n ( tradition4 ,once = all1 ,voltaire 0 ! la/ ( ! great dramati/s :o ) ,greek proportion controll$ 8 manifold s\l1 equal ev5 to ! greate/ /orms ( trag$y1--he 0 able to d :at no ,g]man c\ld1 because ! ,fr5* nature is mu* ne>] ak9 to ! ,greek ?an is ! ,g]man2 he 0 also ! la/ great writ] :o 9 ! wield+ ( prose possess$ ! ,greek e>1 ,greek arti/ic consci5ti\sness1 & ,greek simplicity & grace2 he 01 also1 "o ( ! la/ m5 able to comb9e 9 himself ! greate/ fre$om ( m9d & an absolutely unrevolution>y way ( ?9k+ )\t be+ inconsi/5t & c[>dly4 ,s9ce t "t ! mod]n _s1 ) its re/lessness & its hatr$ ( mod]ation & re/rictions1 has obta9$ ! ma/]y on all sides1 let loose at fir/ by ! fev] ( revolution1 & !n once m putt+ a bridle on itself :5 x became fill$ ) fe> & horror at itself1--b x 0 ! bridle ( rigid logic1 no long] t ( arti/ic mod]ation4 ,x is true t ?r\gh t unfett]+ = a "t we are able to enjoy ! poetry ( all nations1 ev]y?+ t has sprung up 9 hidd5 places1 orig9al1 wild1 wond]fully beautiful & gigantically irregul>1 f folk-songs up to ! great b>b>ian ,%akespe>e2 we ta/e ! joys ( local col\r & co/ume1 hi!rto unkn[n to all arti/ic nations2 we make lib]al use ( ! b>b>ic advantages ( our "t1 :i* ,goe! acc5tuat$ aga9/ ,s*ill] 9 ord] to place ! =mlessness ( 8 ,fau/ 9 ! mo/ fav\rable light4 ,b = h[ mu* long]8 ,! encroa*+ flood ( poetry ( all /yles & all nations mu/ gradually sweep away t magic g>d5 ^u :i* a quiet & hidd5 gr[? w\ld /ill h be5 possible2 all poets mu/ become exp]im5t+ imitators1 d>+ copyi/s1 h[ev] great _! prim>y /r5g? may be4 ,ev5tually1 ! public1 :i* has lo/ ! habit ( see+ ! actual arti/ic fact 9 ! controll+ ( depict+ p[]1 9 ! organis+ ma/]y ov] all art-means1 mu/ come ev] m & m to value p[] = p[]'s sake1 col\r = col\r's sake1 idea = idea's sake1 inspiration = inspiration's sake2 accord+ly x w n enjoy ! elem5ts & conditions ( ! "w ( art1 unless isolat$1 & f9ally w make ! v natural dem& t ! arti/ mu/ deliv] x to !m isolat$4 ,true1 ! s5seless fett]s ( ,franco-,greek art h be5 ?r[n (f1 b unconsci\sly we h gr[n accu/om$ to consid] all fett]s1 all re/rictions z s5seless2--& s art moves t[>ds its lib]ation1 b1 9 s do+1 x t\*es--:i* is c]ta9ly highly edify+--^u all ! phases ( its beg9n+1 its *ildhood1 its incomplet5ess1 its sometime boldness & excesses1--9 p]i%+ x int]prets its orig9 & gr[?4 ,"o ( ! great ones1 ^: in/9ct may be reli$ on & ^: !ory lack$ no?+ b ?irty ye>s m ( practice1 ,"l ,byron1 once said3 t ) reg>d to poetry 9 g5]al1 ! m he ?\ght ab\t x ! m conv9c$ he 0 t "o & all we are entirely on a wrong track1 t we are foll[+ an inw>dly false revolution>y sy/em1 & t ei!r our own g5]ation or ! next w yet arrive at ?is same conviction4 ,x is ! same ,"l ,byron :o said t he look$ ^u ,%akespe>e z ! v wor/ model1 al?\gh ! mo/ extraord9>y poet4 ,& does n ,goe!'s mature arti/ic insight 9 ! second half ( 8 life say practically ! same ?+8--t insight by means ( :i* he made su* a b\nd 9 advance ( :ole g5]ations t1 g5]ally speak+1 x may be said t ,goe!'s influ5ce has n yet begun1 t 8 "t has /ill to come4 ,j because 8 nature held him fa/ = a long "t 9 ! pa? ( ! poetical revolution1 j because he drank to ! dregs ( :atsoev] new s\rces1 views & exp$i5ts _h be5 indirectly discov]$ ?r\gh t break+ d[n ( tradition1 ( all t _h be5 une>!d f "u ! ru9s ( art1 8 lat] trans=mation & conv]sion c>ries s mu* weight2 x %[s t he felt ! deepe/ long+ to w9 back ! traditions ( art1 & to give 9 fancy ! anci5t p]fection & complet5ess to ! ab&on$ ru9s & colonnades ( ! temple1 ) ! imag9ation ( ! eye at lea/1 %\ld ! /r5g? ( ! arm be f\nd too weak to build :]e su* trem5d\s p[]s 7 ne$$ ev5 to de/roy4 ,?us he liv$ 9 art z 9 ! remembrance ( ! true art1 8 poetry _h become an aid to remembrance1 to ! und]/&+ ( old & long-dep>t$ ages ( art4 ,) respect to ! /r5g? ( ! new age1 8 dem&s c\ld n be satisfi$2 b ! pa9 ?is occasion$ 0 amply balanc$ by ! joy t !y h be5 satisfi$ once1 & t we ourselves c /ill p>ticipate 9 ?is satisfaction4 ,n individuals1 b m or less ideal masks2 no reality1 b an allegorical g5]ality2 topical *>act]s1 local col\rs ton$ d[n & r5d]$ my?ical almo/ to ! po9t ( invisibility2 contempor>y feel+ & ! problems ( contempor>y society r$uc$ to ! simple/ =ms1 /ripp$ ( _! attractive1 int]e/+ pa?ological qualities1 made ineffective 9 e o!r b ! arti/ic s5se2 no new mat]ials & *>act]s1 b ! old1 long-accu/om$ ones 9 con/ant new animation & trans=mation2 t is art1 z ,goe! und]/ood x lat]1 z ! ,greeks & ev5 ! ,fr5* practis$ x4 #bbb4 ,,:at ,,rema9s ,,( ,,art4--,x is true t art has a mu* great] value 9 ! case ( c]ta9 metaphysical hypo!ses1 = in/ance :5 ! belief obta9s t ! "* is un*angeable & t ! ess5ce ( ! _w manife/s itself cont9ually 9 all "* & action2 ?us ! arti/'s "w becomes ! symbol ( ! et]nally con/ant1 :ile accord+ to our views ! arti/ c only end[ 8 picture ) tempor>y value1 because man on ! :ole has develop$ & is mutable1 & ev5 ! individual man has no?+ fix$ & con/ant4 ,! same ?+ holds good ) ano!r metaphysical hypo!sis3 assum+ t our visible _w 7 only a delusion1 z metaphysicians decl>e1 !n art w\ld come v ne> to ! real _w1 = !re w\ld !n be f> too mu* simil>ity betwe5 ! _w ( appe>ance & ! dream-_w ( ! arti/2 & ! rema9+ diff]5ce w\ld place ! mean+ ( art high] ev5 ?an ! mean+ ( nature1 because art w\ld repres5t ! same =ms1 ! types & models ( nature4 ,b ^? suppositions are false2 & :at position does art reta9 aft] ?is ackn[l$gm5t8 ,above all1 = c5turies x has taught u to look ^u life 9 e %ape ) int]e/ & pleasure & to c>ry our feel+s s f> t at la/ we exclaim1 ,:atev] x may be1 life is good4 ,?is tea*+ ( art1 to take pleasure 9 exi/5ce & to reg>d human life z a piece ( nature1 )\t too vigor\s movem5t1 z an object ( regul> developm5t1--?is tea*+ has gr[n into u2 x reappe>s z an all-p[]ful ne$ ( k4 ,we c\ld r5\nce art1 b we %\ld n !re) =feit ! ability x has taught u1--j z we h giv5 up religion1 b n ! exalt+ & int5sify+ ( temp]am5t acquir$ ?r\gh religion4 ,z ! pla/ic arts & music are ! /&>ds ( t weal? ( feel+ really acquir$ & obta9$ ?r\gh religion1 s also1 aft] a disappe>ance ( art1 ! int5sity & multiplicity ( ! joys ( life :i* x _h implant$ 9 u w\ld /ill dem& satisfaction4 ,! sci5tific man is ! fur!r developm5t ( ! arti/ic man4 #bbc4 ,,! ,,aft]-,,gl[ ,,( ,,art4--,j z 9 old age we rememb] our y\? & celebrate fe/ivals ( memory1 s 9 a %ort "t mank9d w /& t[>ds art3 its relation w be t ( a t\*+ memory ( ! joys ( y\?4 ,nev]1 p]haps1 9 =m] ages 0 art dealt ) s s]i\sly & ?\ghtfully z n[ :5 x appe>s to be surr\nd$ by ! magic influ5ce ( dea?4 ,we call to m9d t ,greek city 9 s\!rn ,italy1 :i* once a ye> /ill celebrates its ,greek fea/s1 amid/ te>s & m\rn+1 t =eign b>b>ism triumphs ev] m & m ov] ! cu/oms its p br\ght ) !m into ! l&2 & nev] has ,hell5ism be5 s mu* appreciat$1 n[h]e has ?is gold5 nect> be5 drunk ) s great delight1 z among/ ^! fa/ disappe>+ ,hell5es4 ,! arti/ w soon come to be reg>d$ z a spl5did relic1 & to him1 z to a wond]ful /rang] on ^: p[] & beauty dep5d$ ! happ9ess ( =m] ages1 !re w be paid su* hon\r z is n (t5 enjoy$ by "o ( our race4 ,! be/ 9 u is p]haps inh]it$ f ! s5tim5ts ( =m] times1 to :i* x is h>dly possible = u n[ to return by direct ways2 ! sun has already disappe>$1 b ! heav5s ( our life are /ill gl[+ & illum9$ by x1 al?\gh we c behold x no long]4 ,footnote #a3 ,! allusion is to ,goe!'s l9es3 ,die ,/]ne1 die begehrt man ni*t1 ,man freut si* ihr] ,pra*t4 ,we d n want ! />s !mselves1 ,_! brilliancy delights our he>ts4--,j4,m4,k4 ,,fif? ,,division4 ,,! ,,signs ,,( ,,high] ,,& ,,l[] ,,culture4 #bbd4 ,,ennoblem5t ,,?r\gh ,,deg5]ation4--,hi/ory tea*es t a race ( p is be/ pres]v$ :]e ! great] numb] hold "o common _s 9 consequ5ce ( ! simil>ity ( _! accu/om$ & indisputable pr9ciples3 9 consequ5ce1 !re=e1 ( _! common fai?4 ,?us /r5g? is af=d$ by good & ?or\gh cu/oms1 ?us is le>nt ! subjection ( ! individual1 & /r5u\sness ( "* becomes a bir? gift & aft]w>ds is fo/]$ z a habit4 ,! dang] to ^! communities f\nd$ on individuals ( /rong & simil> "* is t gradually increas+ /upidity ?r\gh transmission1 :i* foll[s all /ability l its %ad[4 ,x is on ! m unre/rict$1 m unc]ta9 & morally weak] individuals t dep5ds ! intellectual progress ( su* communities1 x is !y :o attempt all t is new & manifold4 ,numb]s ( ^! p]i% on acc\nt ( _! weakness1 )\t hav+ a*iev$ any specially visible effect2 b g5]ally1 p>ticul>ly :5 !y h desc5dants1 !y fl>e up & f "t to "t inflict a w\nd on ! /able elem5t ( ! community4 ,precisely 9 ?is sore & weak5$ place ! community is inoculat$ ) some?+ new2 b its g5]al /r5g? mu/ be great en\gh to absorb & assimilate ?is new ?+ into its blood4 ,deviat+ natures are ( ! utmo/ importance :]ev] !re is to be progress4 ,e :olesale progress mu/ be prec$$ by a p>tial weak5+4 ,! /ronge/ natures reta9 ! type1 ! weak] ones help x to develop4 ,some?+ simil> happ5s 9 ! case ( individuals2'a det]ioration1 a mutilation1 ev5 a vice &1 above all1 a physical or moral loss is seldom )\t its advantage4 ,= in/ance1 a sickly man 9 ! mid/ ( a w>like & re/less race w p]haps h m *ance ( be+ alone & !reby gr[+ quiet] & wis]1 ! "o-ey$ man w possess a /rong] eye1 ! bl9d man w h a deep] inw>d sight & w c]ta9ly h a ke5] s5se ( he>+4 ,9 s f> x appe>s to me t ! fam\s ,/ruggle = ,exi/5ce is n ! only po9t ( view f :i* an explanation c be giv5 ( ! progress or /r5g!n+ ( an individual or a race4 ,r mu/ two diff]5t ?+s conv]ge3 fir/ly1 ! multiply+ ( /able /r5g? ?r\gh m5tal b9d+ 9 fai? & common feel+2 secondly1 ! possibility ( atta9+ to high] aims1 ?r\gh ! fact t !re are deviat+ natures &1 9 consequ5ce1 p>tial weak5+ & w\nd+ ( ! /able /r5g?2 x is precisely ! weak] nature1 z ! m delicate & free1 t makes all progress at all possible4 ,a p t is crumbl+ & weak 9 any "o "p1 b z a :ole /ill /rong & heal?y1 is able to absorb ! infection ( :at is new & incorporate x to its advantage4 ,! task ( education 9 a s+le individual is ?is3 to plant him s firmly & surely t1 z a :ole1 he c no long] be div]t$ f 8 pa?4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 ! educator mu/ w\nd him1 or else make use ( ! w\nds :i* fate inflicts1 & :5 pa9 & ne$ h ?us aris51 some?+ new & noble c be inoculat$ into ! w\nd$ places4 ,) reg>d to ! ,/ate1 ,ma*iavelli says t1 ! =m ( ,gov]nm5t is ( v small importance1 al?\gh half$ucat$ p ?9k o!rwise4 ,! great aim ( ,/ate-craft %\ld be duration1 :i* out-weighs all else1 inasmu* z x is m valuable ?an lib]ty4 ,x is only ) securely f\nd$ & gu>ante$ duration t cont9ual developm5t & ennobl+ inoculation are at all possible4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 au?ority1 ! dang]\s companion ( all duration1 w rise 9 opposition to ?is4 #bbe4 ,,free-,,?9k] ,a ,,relative ,,t]m4--,we call t man a free-?9k] :o ?9ks o!rwise ?an is expect$ ( him 9 consid]ation ( 8 orig91 surr\nd+s1 position1 & (fice1 or by reason ( ! prevail+ contempor>y views4 ,he is ! exception1 fett]$ m9ds are ! rule2 ^! latt] reproa* him1 say+ t 8 free pr9ciples ei!r h _! orig9 9 a desire to be rem>kable or else cause free actions to inf]r$1--t is to say1 actions :i* are n compatible ) fett]$ morality4 ,sometimes x is also said t ! cause ( su* & su* free pr9ciples may be trac$ to m5tal p]v]sity & extravagance2 b only malice speaks ?us1 nor does x believe :at x says1 b wi%es !reby to d an injury1 = ! free-?9k]2 usually be>s ! pro( ( 8 great] goodness & ke5ness ( intellect writt5 9 8 face s pla9ly t ! fett]$ spirits und]/& x well en\gh4 ,b ! two o!r d]ivations ( free-?\ght are hone/ly int5d$2 z a matt] ( fact1 _m free-?9k]s are creat$ 9 "o or o!r ( ^! ways4 ,= ?is reason1 h[ev]1 ! t5ets to :i* !y atta9 9 ?is mann] might be tru] & m reliable ?an ^? ( ! fett]$ spirits4 ,9 ! k ( tru?1 :at really matt]s is ! possession ( x1 n ! impulse "u :i* x 0 s\ght1 ! way 9 :i* x 0 f\nd4 ,if ! free-?9k]s are "r !n ! fett]$ spirits are wrong1 & x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r ! =m] h rea*$ tru? ?r\gh immorality or ! latt] hi!rto reta9$ hold ( untru?s ?r\gh morality4 ,moreov]1 x is n ess5tial to ! free-?9k] t he %\ld hold m correct views1 b t he %\ld h lib]at$ himself f :at 0 cu/om>y1 be x successfully or disa/r\sly4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 he w h tru?1 or at lea/ ! _s ( tru?-inve/igation1 on 8 side2 he dem&s reasons1 ! o!rs dem& fai?4 #bbf4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,fai?4--,! fett]$ _s does n take up 8 position f conviction1 b f habit2 he is a ,*ri/ian1 = in/ance1 n because he _h a compreh5sion ( diff]5t cre$s & c\ld take 8 *oice2 he is an ,engli%man1 n because he decid$ = ,engl&1 b he f\nd ,*ri/ianity & ,engl& ready-made & accept$ !m )\t any reason1 j z "o :o is born 9 a w9e-c\ntry becomes a w9e-dr9k]4 ,lat] on1 p]haps1 z he 0 a ,*ri/ian & an ,engli%man1 he discov]$ a few reasons 9 fav\r ( 8 habit2 ^! reasons may be upset1 b he is n !re=e upset 9 8 :ole position4 ,= in/ance1 let a fett]$ _s be oblig$ to br+ =w>d 8 reasons aga9/ bigamy & !n x w be se5 :e!r 8 holy zeal 9 fav\r ( monogamy is bas$ ^u reason or ^u cu/om4 ,! adoption ( guid+ pr9ciples )\t reasons is call$ fai?4 #bbg4 ,,conclusions ,,drawn ,,f ,,! ,,consequ5ces ,,& ,,trac$ ,,back ,,to ,,reason ,,& ,,un-,,reason4--,all /ates & ord]s ( society1 pr(essions1 matrimony1 education1 law3 all ^! f9d /r5g? & duration only 9 ! fai? :i* ! fett]$ spirits repose 9 !m1--t is1 9 ! abs5ce ( reasons1 or at lea/ 9 ! av]t+ ( inquiries z to reasons4 ,! re/rict$ spirits d n will+ly ackn[l$ge ?is1 & feel t x is a pud5dum4 ,*ri/ianity1 h[ev]1 :i* 0 v simple 9 its intellectual ideas1 rem>k$ no?+ ( ?is pud5dum1 requir$ fai? & no?+ b fai?1 & passionately repuls$ ! dem& = reasons2 x po9t$ to ! success ( fai?3 ,y w soon feel ! advantages ( fai?1 x sugge/$1 & ?r\gh fai? %all ye be sav$4 ,z an actual fact1 ! ,/ate pursues ! same c\rse1 & e fa!r br+s up 8 son 9 ! same way3 ,only believe ?is1 he says1 & y w soon feel ! good x does4 ,?is implies1 h[ev]1 t ! tru? ( an op9ion is prov$ by its p]sonal usefulness2 ! :olesom5ess ( a doctr9e mu/ be a gu>antee = its intellectual surety & solidity4 ,x is exactly z if an accus$ p]son 9 a c\rt ( law 7 to say1 ,my c\nsel speaks ! :ole tru?1 = only see :at is ! result ( 8 spee*3 ,i %all be acquitt$4 ,because ! fett]$ spirits reta9 _! pr9ciples on acc\nt ( _! usefulness1 !y suppose t ! free _s also seeks 8 own advantage 9 8 views & only holds t to be true :i* is pr(itable to him4 ,b z he appe>s to f9d pr(itable j ! contr>y ( t :i* 8 compatriots or equals f9d pr(itable1 ^! latt] assume t 8 pr9ciples are dang]\s to !m2 !y say or feel1 ,he mu/ n be "r1 = he is injuri\s to u4 #bbh4 ,,! ,,/rong1 ,,good ,,"*4--,! re/riction ( views1 :i* habit has made in/9ct1 leads to :at is call$ /r5g? ( "*4 ,:5 any "o acts f few b always f ! same motives1 8 actions acquire great en]gy2 if ^! actions accord ) ! pr9ciples ( ! fett]$ spirits !y are recognis$1 & !y produce1 moreov]1 9 ^? :o p]=m !m ! s5sation ( a good consci5ce4 ,few motives1 en]getic action1 & a good consci5ce compose :at is call$ /r5g? ( "*4 ,! man ( /rong "* lacks a k ( ! _m possibilities & directions ( action2 8 intellect is fett]$ & re/rict$1 because 9 a giv5 case x %[s him1 p]haps1 only two possibilities2 betwe5 ^! two he mu/ n[ ( necessity *oose1 9 accordance ) 8 :ole nature1 & he does ?is easily & quickly because he has n to *oose betwe5 fifty possibilities4 ,! educat+ surr\nd+s aim at fett]+ e individual1 by always plac+ be=e him ! smalle/ numb] ( possibilities4 ,! individual is always treat$ by 8 educators z if he 71 inde$1 some?+ new1 b %\ld become a duplicate4 ,if he makes 8 fir/ appe>ance z some?+ unkn[n1 unprec$5t$1 he mu/ be turn$ into some?+ kn[n & prec$5t$4 ,9 a *ild1 ! famili> manife/ation ( re/riction is call$ a good "*2 9 plac+ itself on ! side ( ! fett]$ spirits ! *ild fir/ discloses its awak5+ common feel+2 ) ?is f\ndation ( common s5tim5t1 he w ev5tually become useful to 8 ,/ate or rank4 #bbi4 ,,! ,,/&>ds ,,& ,,values ,,( ,,! ,,fett]$ ,,spirits4--,!re are f\r species ( ?+s conc]n+ :i* ! re/rict$ spirits say !y are 9 ! "r4 ,fir/ly3 all ?+s t la/ are "r2 secondly3 all ?+s t are n burd5s to u are "r2 ?irdly3 all ?+s t are advantage\s = u are "r2 f\r?ly3 all ?+s = :i* we h made sacrifices are "r4 ,! la/ s5t5ce1 = in/ance1 expla9s :y a w> t 0 begun 9 opposition to popul> feel+ is c>ri$ on ) en?usiasm directly a sacrifice has be5 made = x4 ,! free spirits1 :o br+ _! case be=e ! =um ( ! fett]$ spirits1 mu/ prove t free spirits always exi/$1 t free-spiritism is !re=e endur+1 t x w n become a burd51 &1 f9ally1 t on ! :ole !y are an advantage to ! fett]$ spirits4 ,x is because !y _c conv9ce ! re/rict$ spirits on ?is la/ po9t t !y pr(it no?+ by hav+ prov$ ! fir/ & second propositions4 #bcj4 ,,esprit ,,=t4--,comp>$ ) him :o has tradition on 8 side & requires no reasons = 8 actions1 ! free _s is always weak1 especially 9 action2 = he is acqua9t$ ) too _m motives & po9ts ( view1 & has1 !re=e1 an unc]ta9 & unpractis$ h&4 ,:at means exi/ ( mak+ him /rong 9 spite ( ?is1 s t he w1 at lea/1 manage to survive1 & w n p]i% ineffectually8 ,:at is ! s\rce ( ! /rong _s 7esprit =t76 ,?is is especially ! "q z to ! production ( g5ius4 ,:5ce comes ! en]gy1 ! unb5d+ /r5g?1 ! endurance ) :i* ! "o1 9 opposition to accept$ ideas1 endeav\rs to obta9 an entirely individual k ( ! _w8 #bca4 ,,! ,,rise ,,( ,,g5ius4--,! +5uity ) :i* a prison] seeks ! means ( fre$om1 ! mo/ cold-blood$ & pati5t employm5t ( e smalle/ advantage1 c tea* u ( :at tools ,nature sometimes makes use 9 ord] to produce ,g5ius1--a ^w :i* ,i beg w be und]/ood )\t any my?ological & religi\s flav\r2 %e1 ,nature1 beg9s x 9 a dungeon & excites to ! utmo/ its desire to free itself4 ,or to give ano!r picture3 "s "o :o has completely lo/ 8 way 9 a wood1 b :o ) unusual en]gy /rives to rea* ! op5 9 "o direction or ano!r1 w sometimes discov] a new pa? :i* nobody knew previ\sly1 ?us arise g5iuses1 :o are cr$it$ ) orig9ality4 ,x has already be5 said t mutilation1 crippl+1 or ! loss ( "s important organ1 is frequ5tly ! cause ( ! unusual developm5t ( ano!r organ1 because ?is "o has to fulfil its own & also ano!r function4 ,?is expla9s ! s\rce ( _m a brilliant tal5t4 ,^! g5]al rem>ks on ! orig9 ( g5ius may be appli$ to ! special case1 ! orig9 ( ! p]fect free _s4 #bcb4 ,,conjecture ,,z ,,to ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,free-,,spiritism4--,j z ! glaci]s increase :5 9 equatorial regions ! sun %9es ^u ! seas ) great] =ce ?an hi!rto1 s may a v /rong & spread+ free-spiritism be a pro( t some:]e or o!r ! =ce ( feel+ has gr[n extraord9>ily4 #bcc4 ,,! ,,voice ,,( ,,hi/ory4--,9 g5]al1 hi/ory appe>s to tea* ! foll[+ ab\t ! production ( g5ius3 x ill-treats & torm5ts mank9d--calls to ! passions ( envy1 hatr$1 & rivalry--drives !m to desp]ation1 p aga9/ p1 ?r\gh\t :ole c5turies6 ,!n1 p]haps1 l a /ray sp>k f ! t]rible en]gy !reby ar\s$1 !re flames up sudd5ly ! light ( g5ius2 ! w1 l a horse madd5$ by ! rid]'s spur1 !reupon breaks out & leaps ov] into ano!r doma94 ,he :o c\ld atta9 to a compreh5sion ( ! production ( g5ius1 & desires to c>ry out practically ! mann] 9 :i* ,nature usually goes to "w1 w\ld h to be j z evil & reg>dless z ,nature itself4 ,b p]haps we h n he>d rightly4 #bcd4 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,middle ,,( ,,! ,,road4--,x is possible t ! production ( g5ius is res]v$ to a limit$ p]iod ( mank9d's hi/ory4 ,= we mu/ n expect f ! future ev]y?+ t v def9$ conditions 7 able to produce2 = in/ance1 n ! a/\nd+ effects ( religi\s feel+4 ,?is has _h its day1 & mu* t is v8 good c nev] gr[ aga91 because x c\ld gr[ out ( t alone4 ,!re w nev] aga9 be a horizon ( life & culture t is b\nd$ by religion4 ,p]haps ev5 ! type ( ! sa9t is only possible ) t c]ta9 n>r[ness ( intellect1 :i* app>5tly has completely disappe>$4 ,& ?us ! greate/ height ( intellig5ce has p]haps be5 res]v$ = a s+le age2 x appe>$--& appe>s1 = we are /ill 9 t age--:5 an extraord9>y1 long-accumulat$ en]gy ( w conc5trates itself1 z an exceptional case1 ^u intellectual aims4 ,t height w no long] exi/ :5 ?is wildness & en]gy cease to be cultivat$4 ,mank9d probably approa*es ne>] to its actual aim 9 ! middle ( its road1 9 ! middle "t ( its exi/5ce ?an at ! end4 ,x may be t p[]s ) :i*1 = in/ance1 art is a condition1 die out altoge!r2 ! pleasure 9 ly+1 9 ! undef9$1 ! symbolical1 9 intoxication1 9 ec/asy might fall into disrepute4 ,= c]ta9ly1 :5 life is ord]$ 9 ! p]fect ,/ate1 ! pres5t w provide no m motive = poetry1 & x w\ld only be ^? p]sons :o _h rema9$ beh9d :o w\ld ask = poetical unreality4 ,^!1 !n1 w\ld assur$ly look long+ly backw>ds to ! times ( ! imp]fect ,/ate1 ( half-b>b>ic society1 to our times4 #bce4 ,,g5ius ,,& ,,! ,,ideal ,,/ate ,,9 ,,conflict4--,! ,sociali/s dem& a com=table life = ! greate/ possible numb]4 ,if ! la/+ h\se ( ?is life ( com=t1 ! p]fect ,/ate1 _h really be5 atta9$1 !n ?is life ( com=t w\ld h de/roy$ ! gr\nd out ( :i* gr[ ! great intellect & ! mighty individual g5]ally1 #aa mean p[]ful en]gy4 ,7 ?is ,/ate rea*$1 mank9d w\ld h gr[n too we>y to be /ill capable ( produc+ g5ius4 ,mu/ we n h5ce wi% t life %\ld reta9 its =cible "*1 & t wild =ces & en]gies %\ld cont9ue1 to be call$ =? afre%8 ,b w>m & sympa!tic he>ts desire precisely ! removal ( t wild & =cible "*1 & ! w>me/ he>ts we c imag9e desire x ! mo/ passionately ( all1 :il/ all ! "t its passion d]iv$ its fire1 its w>m?1 its v exi/5ce precisely f t wild & =cible "*2 ! w>me/ he>t1 !re=e1 desires ! removal ( its own f\ndation1 ! de/ruction ( itself1--t is1 x desires some?+ illogical1 x is n intellig5t4 ,! highe/ intellig5ce & ! w>me/ he>t _c exi/ toge!r 9 "o p]son1 & ! wise man :o passes judgm5t ^u life looks beyond goodness & only reg>ds x z some?+ :i* is n )\t value 9 ! g5]al summ+-up ( life4 ,! wise man mu/ oppose ^? digressive wi%es ( un9tellig5t goodness1 because he has an int]e/ 9 ! cont9uance ( 8 type & 9 ! ev5tual appe>ance ( ! highe/ intellect2 at lea/1 he w n advance ! f\nd+ ( ! p]fect ,/ate1 inasmu* z !re is only room 9 x = we>i$ individuals4 ,*ri/1 on ! contr>y1 he :om we may consid] to h _h ! w>me/ he>t1 advanc$ ! process ( mak+ man /upid1 plac$ himself on ! side ( ! intellectually poor1 & ret>d$ ! production ( ! greate/ intellect1 & ?is 0 consi/5t4 ,8 opposite1 ! man ( p]fect wisdom1--?is may be safely prophesi$--w j z necess>ily h9d] ! production ( a ,*ri/4 ,! ,/ate is a wise arrangem5t = ! protection ( "o individual aga9/ ano!r2 if its ennobl+ is exagg]at$ ! individual w at la/ be weak5$ by x1 ev5 effac$1 --?us ! orig9al purpose ( ! ,/ate w be mo/ completely fru/rat$4 #bcf4 ,,! ,,zones ,,( ,,culture4--,x may be figuratively said t ! ages ( culture correspond to ! zones ( ! v>i\s climates1 only t !y lie "o beh9d ano!r & n beside ea* o!r l ! geographical zones4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! temp]ate zone ( culture1 :i* x is our object to ent]1 ! pa/1 speak+ g5]ally1 gives ! impression ( a tropical climate4 ,viol5t contra/s1 sudd5 *anges betwe5 day & night1 heat & col\r-spl5d\r1 ! rev]5ce ( all t 0 sudd51 my/]i\s1 t]rible1 ! rapidity ) :i* /orms broke3 ev]y:]e t lavi% abundance ( ! provisions ( nature2 & oppos$ to ?is1 9 our culture1 a cle> b by no means bright sky1 pure b fairly un*ang+ air1 %>pness1 ev5 cold at times2 ?us ! two zones are contra/s to ea* o!r4 ,:5 we see h[ 9 t =m] zone ! mo/ rag+ passions are suppress$ & brok5 d[n ) my/]i\s =ce by metaphysical repres5tations1 we feel z if wild tig]s 7 be+ cru%$ be=e our v eyes 9 ! coils ( mighty s]p5ts2 our m5tal climate lacks su* episodes1 our imag9ation is temp]ate1 ev5 9 dreams !re does n happ5 to u :at =m] peoples saw wak+4 ,b %\ld we n rejoice at ?is *ange1 ev5 grant$ t arti/s are ess5tially spoil$ by ! disappe>ance ( ! tropical culture & f9d u non-arti/s a little too timid8 ,9 s f> arti/s are c]ta9ly "r to d5y progress1 = inde$ x is d\btful :e!r ! la/ ?ree ?\s& ye>s %[ an advance 9 ! arts4 ,9 ! same way1 a metaphysical philosoph] l ,s*op5hau] w\ld h no cause to ackn[l$ge progress ) a reg>d to metaphysical philosophy & religion if he glanc$ back ov] ! la/ f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,= u1 h[ev]1 ! exi/5ce ev5 ( ! temp]ate zones ( culture is progress4 #bcg4 ,,r5aissance ,,& ,,re=mation4--,! ,italian ,r5aissance conta9$ )9 itself all ! positive =ces to :i* we owe mod]n culture4 ,su* 7 ! lib]ation ( ?\ght1 ! disreg>d ( au?orities1 ! triumph ( education ov] ! d>kness ( tradition1 en?usiasm = sci5ce & ! sci5tific pa/ ( mank9d1 ! unfett]+ ( ! ,individual1 an ard\r = tru?fulness & a dislike ( delusion & m]e effect 7:i* ard\r blaz$ =? 9 an entire company ( arti/ic *>act]s1 :o ) ! greate/ moral purity requir$ f !mselves p]fection 9 _! works1 & no?+ b p]fection72 yes1 ! ,r5aissance _h positive =ces1 :i* h1 z yet1 nev] become s mighty aga9 9 our mod]n culture4 ,x 0 ! ,gold5 ,age ( ! la/ ?\s& ye>s1 9 spite ( all its blemi%es & vices4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,g]man ,re=mation /&s out z an en]getic prote/ ( antiquat$ spirits1 :o 7 by no means tir$ ( m$ival views ( life1 & :o receiv$ ! signs ( its dissolution1 ! extraord9>y flatness & ali5ation ( ! religi\s life1 ) deep dejection in/ead ( ) ! rejoic+ t w\ld h be5 seemly4 ,) _! nor!rn /r5g? & /iff-neck$ness !y ?rew mank9d back aga91 br\ght ab\t ! c\nt]-re=mation1 t is1 a ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity ( self-def5ce1 ) all ! viol5ces ( a /ate ( siege1 & delay$ = two or ?ree c5turies ! complete awak5+ & ma/]y ( ! sci5ces2 j z !y probably made = ev] impossible ! complete int]-gr[? ( ! antique & ! mod]n _s4 ,! great task ( ! ,r5aissance c\ld n be br\ght to a t]m9ation1 ?is 0 prev5t$ by ! prote/ ( ! contempor>y backw>d ,g]man _s 7:i*1 = its salvation1 _h _h suffici5t s5se 9 ! ,middle ,ages to cross ! ,alps aga9 & aga974 ,x 0 ! *ance ( an extraord9>y con/ellation ( politics t ,lu!r 0 pres]v$1 & t 8 prote/2 ga9$ /r5g?1 = ! ,emp]or protect$ him 9 ord] to employ him z a weapon aga9/ ! ,pope1 & 9 ! same way he 0 secretly fav\r$ by ! ,pope 9 ord] to use ! ,prote/ant pr9ces z a c\nt]-weight aga9/ ! ,emp]or4 ,)\t ?is curi\s c\nt]-play ( int5tions1 ,lu!r w\ld h be5 burnt l ,huss1--& ! morn+ sun ( enlight5m5t w\ld probably h ris5 some:at e>li]1 & ) a spl5d\r m beaute\s ?an we c n[ imag9e4 #bch4 ,,ju/ice ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,becom+ ,,god4-- ,:5 ! entire hi/ory ( culture unfolds itself to our gaze1 z a confusion ( evil & noble1 ( true & false ideas1 & we feel almo/ seasick at ! sight ( ^! tumultu\s waves1 we !n "u /& :at com=t resides 9 ! conception ( a becom+ ,god4 ,?is ,deity is unveil$ ev] m & m ?r\gh\t ! *anges & =tunes ( mank9d2 x is n all bl9d me*anism1 a s5seless & aimless confusion ( =ces4 ,! deification ( ! process ( be+ is a metaphysical outlook1 se5 z f a ligh?\se ov]look+ ! sea ( hi/ory1 9 :i* a f>-too hi/orical g5]ation ( s*ol>s f\nd _! com=t4 ,?is mu/ n ar\se ang]1 h[ev] errone\s ! view may be4 ,only ^? :o1 l ,s*op5hau]1 d5y developm5t also feel none ( ! mis]y ( ?is hi/orical wave1 & !re=e1 because !y "k no?+ ( t becom+ ,god & ! ne$ ( ,8 supposition1 !y %\ld 9 ju/ice )hold _! scorn4 #bci4 ,,! ,,fruits ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,seasons4--,e bett] future t is desir$ = mank9d is necess>ily 9 _m respects also a worse future1 = x is fooli%ness to suppose t a new1 high] grade ( humanity w comb9e 9 itself all ! good po9ts ( =m] grades1 & mu/ produce1 = in/ance1 ! highe/ =m ( art4 ,r has e season its own advantages & *>ms1 :i* exclude ^? ( ! o!r seasons4 ,t :i* has gr[n out ( religion & 9 its neighb\rhood _c gr[ aga9 if ?is has be5 de/roy$2 at ! mo/1 /raggl+ & belat$ (f-%oots may lead to deception on t po9t1 l ! occasional outbreaks ( remembrance ( ! old art1 a condition t probably betrays ! feel+ ( loss & deprivation1 b :i* is no pro( ( ! p[] f :i* a new art might be born4 #bdj4 ,,! ,,increas+ ,,sev]ity ,,( ,,! ,,_w4--,! high] culture an individual atta9s1 ! less field !re is left = mock]y & scorn4 ,voltaire ?ank$ ,heav5 f 8 he>t = ! inv5tion ( m>riage & ! ,*ur*1 by :i* x _h s well provid$ = our *e]4 ,b he & 8 "t1 & be=e him ! sixte5? c5tury1 _h exhau/$ _! ridicule on ?is !me2 ev]y?+ t is n[ made fun ( on ?is !me is out ( date1 & above all too *eap to tempt a pur*as]4 ,causes are n[ inquir$ aft]2 ours is an age ( s]i\sness4 ,:o c>es n[ to disc]n1 laugh+ly1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 reality & pret5ti\s %am1 betwe5 t :i* man is & t :i* he wi%es to repres5t2 ! feel+ ( ?is contra/ has q a diff]5t effect if we seek reasons4 ,! m ?or\ghly any "o und]/&s life1 ! less he w mock1 ?\gh f9ally1 p]haps1 he w mock at ! ?or\ghness ( 8 und]/&+4 #bda4 ,,! ,,g5ius ,,( ,,culture4--,if any "o wi%$ to imag9e a g5ius ( culture1 :at w\ld x be l8 ,x h&les z its tools falsehood1 =ce1 & ?\ghtless selfi%ness s surely t ,i c\ld only be call$ an evil1 demoniacal be+ b its aims1 :i* are occasionally transp>5t1 are great & good4 ,x is a c5taur1 half-bea/1 half-man1 &1 9 addition1 has angel's w+s ^u its head4 #bdb4 ,,! ,,miracle-,,education4--,int]e/ 9 ,education w acquire great /r5g? only f ! mom5t :5 belief 9 a ,god & ,8 c>e is r5\nc$1 j z ! art ( heal+ y only fl\ri% :5 ! belief 9 miracle-cures ceas$4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 !re is univ]sal belief 9 ! miracle-education2 out ( ! greate/ disord] & confusion ( aims & unfav\rabl5ess ( conditions1 ! mo/ f]tile & mighty m5 h be5 se5 to gr[2 c\ld ?is happ5 naturally8 ,soon ^! cases w be m closely look$ into1 m c>efully exam9$2 b miracles w nev] be discov]$4 ,9 simil> circum/ances c\ntless p]sons p]i% con/antly2 ! few sav$ h1 !re=e1 usually gr[n /rong]1 because !y endur$ ^! bad conditions by virtue ( an inexhau/ible inborn /r5g?1 & ?is /r5g? !y _h also ex]cis$ & increas$ by fight+ aga9/ ^! circum/ances2 ?us ! miracle is expla9$4 ,an education t no long] believes 9 miracles mu/ pay att5tion to ?ree ?+s3 fir/1 h[ mu* en]gy is inh]it$8 secondly1 by :at means c new en]gy be ar\s$8 ?irdly1 h[ c ! individual be adapt$ to s _m & manifold claims ( culture )\t be+ disquiet$ & de/roy+ 8 p]sonality1--9 %ort1 h[ c ! individual be initiat$ into ! c\nt]po9t ( private & public culture1 h[ c he lead ! melody & at ! same "t ,accompany x8 #bdc4 ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,! ,,physician4--,!re is n[ no pr(ession :i* w\ld admit ( su* an enhancem5t z t ( ! physician2 t is1 aft] ! spiritual physicians ! s-call$ pa/ors1 are no long] all[$ to practise _! conjur+ tricks to public applause1 & a cultur$ p]son gets out ( _! way4 ,! highe/ m5tal developm5t ( a physician has n yet be5 rea*$1 ev5 if he und]/&s ! be/ & newe/ me?ods1 is practis$ 9 !m1 & kn[s h[ to draw ^? rapid conclusions f effects to causes = :i* ! diagno/ics are celebrat$2 besides ?is1 he mu/ possess a gift ( eloqu5ce t adapts itself to e individual & draws 8 he>t out ( 8 body2 a manl9ess1 ! sight ( :i* alone drives away all despond5cy 7! cank] ( all sick p71 ! tact & suppl5ess ( a diplomati/ 9 negotiations betwe5 su* z h ne$ ( joy = _! recov]y & su* z1 = reasons ( heal?1 mu/ 7& c7 give joy2 ! acut5ess ( a detective & an attorney to div9e ! secrets ( a s\l )\t betray+ !m1--9 %ort1 a good physician n[ has ne$ ( all ! artifices & arti/ic privileges ( e o!r pr(essional class4 ,?us equipp$1 he is !n ready to be a b5efactor to ! :ole ( society1 by increas+ good works1 m5tal joys & f]tility1 by prev5t+ evil ?\ghts1 projects & villa9ies 7! evil s\rce ( :i* is s (t5 ! belly71 by ! re/oration ( a m5tal & physical ari/ocracy 7z a mak] & h9d]] ( m>riages71 by judici\sly *eck+ all s-call$ s\l-torm5ts & pricks ( consci5ce4 ,?us f a m$ic9e man he becomes a savi\r1 & yet ne$ "w no miracle1 nei!r is he oblig$ to let himself be crucifi$4 #bdd4 ,,9 ,,! ,,neighb\rhood ,,( ,,insanity4--,! sum ( s5sations1 k & exp]i5ces1 ! :ole burd5 ( culture1 !re=e1 has become s great t an ov]/ra9+ ( n]ves & p[]s ( ?\ght is a common dang]1 inde$ ! cultivat$ classes ( ,european c\ntries are ?r\gh\t neurotic1 & almo/ e "o ( _! great families is on ! v]ge ( insanity 9 "o ( _! bran*es4 ,true1 heal? is n[ s\ght 9 e possible way2 b 9 ! ma9 a dim9ution ( t t5sion ( feel+1 ( t oppressive burd5 ( culture1 is ne$ful1 :i*1 ev5 ?\gh x might be b\ght at a heavy sacrifice1 w\ld at lea/ give u room = ! great hope ( a new ,r5aissance4 ,to ,*ri/ianity1 to ! philosoph]s1 poets1 & musicians we owe an abundance ( deeply emotional s5sations2 9 ord] t ^! may n get beyond our control we mu/ invoke ! _s ( sci5ce1 :i* on ! :ole makes u some:at cold] & m sceptical1 & 9 p>ticul> cools ! fai? 9 f9al & absolute tru?s2 x is *iefly ?r\gh ,*ri/ianity t x has gr[n s wild4 #bde4 ,,! ,,bell-,,f\nd+ ,,( ,,culture4--,culture has be5 made l a bell1 )9 a cov]+ ( co>s]1 common] mat]ial1 falsehood1 viol5ce1 ! b\ndless ext5sion ( e individual ,i1 ( e sep>ate p--?is 0 ! cov]+4 ,is x "t to take x (f8 ,has ! liquid set1 h ! good & useful impulses1 ! habits ( ! nobl] nature become s c]ta9 & s g5]al t !y no long] require to lean on metaphysics & ! errors ( religion1 no long] h ne$ ( h>dnesses & viol5ce z p[]ful bonds betwe5 man & man1 p & p8 ,no sign f any ,god c any long] help u to answ] ?is "q2 our own insight mu/ decide4 ,! e>?ly rule ( man mu/ be tak5 9 h& by man himself1 8 omnisci5ce mu/ wat* ov] ! fur!r fate ( culture ) a %>p eye4 #bdf4 ,,! ,,cyclopes ,,( ,,culture4--,:oev] has se5 ^? furr[$ bas9s :i* once conta9$ glaci]s1 w h>dly deem x possible t a "t w come :5 ! same spot w be a valley ( woods & mead[s & /reams4 ,x is ! same 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d2 ! wilde/ =ces break ! way1 de/ructively at fir/1 b _! activity 0 nev]!less necess>y 9 ord] t lat] on a mild] civilisation might build up its h\se ,^! t]rible en]gies--t :i* is call$ ,evil--are ! cyclopic ar*itects & road-mak]s ( humanity4 #bdg4 ,,! ,,circulation ,,( ,,humanity4--,x is possible t all humanity is only a phase ( developm5t ( a c]ta9 species ( animal ( limit$ duration4 ,man may h gr[n out ( ! ape & w return to ! ape aga91#a )\t anybody tak+ an int]e/ 9 ! end+ ( ?is curi\s com$y4 ,j z ) ! decl9e ( ,roman civilisation & its mo/ important cause1 ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity1 !re 0 a g5]al uglification ( man )9 ! ,roman ,empire1 s1 ?r\gh ! ev5tual decl9e ( g5]al culture1 !re might result a f> great] uglification & f9ally an animalis+ ( man till he rea*$ ! ape4 ,b j because we are able to face ?is prospect1 we %all p]haps be able to av]t su* an end4 #bdh4 ,,! ,,consol+ ,,spee* ,,( ,a ,,desp]ate ,,advance4--,our age gives ! impression ( an int]m$iate condition2 ! old ways ( reg>d+ ! _w1 ! old cultures /ill p>tially exi/1 ! new are n yet sure & cu/om>y & h5ce are )\t decision & consi/5cy4 ,x appe>s z if ev]y?+ w\ld become *aotic1 z if ! old 7 be+ lo/1 ! new wor?less & ev] becom+ weak]4 ,b ?is is :at ! soldi] feels :o is le>n+ to m>*2 = a "t he is m unc]ta9 & awkw>d1 because 8 muscles are mov$ sometimes accord+ to ! old sy/em & sometimes accord+ to ! new1 & nei!r ga9s a' decisive victory4 ,we wav]1 b x is necess>y n to lose c\rage & give up :at we h newly ga9$4 ,moreov]1 we _c g back to ! old1 we h burnt our boats2 !re rema9s no?+ b to be brave :atev] happ54--,m>* ahead1 only get =w>d6 ,p]haps our behavi\r looks l progress2 b if n1 !n ! words ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great may also be appli$ to u1 & inde$ z a consolation3 ,ah1 mon *] ,sulz]1 v\s ne connaissez pas assez cette race maudite1 laquelle n\s app>t5ons4 #bdi4 ,,suff]+ ,,f ,,pa/ ,,culture4--,:oev] has solv$ ! problem ( culture suff]s f a feel+ simil> to t ( "o :o has inh]it$ unju/ly-gott5 ri*es1 or ( a pr9ce :o reigns ?anks to ! viol5ce ( 8 ance/ors4 ,he ?9ks ( _! orig9 ) grief & is (t5 a%am$1 (t5 irritable4 ,! :ole sum ( /r5g?1 joy1 vig\r1 :i* he devotes to 8 possessions1 is (t5 balanc$ by a deep we>9ess1 he _c =get _! orig94 ,he looks despond+ly at ! future2 he kn[s well t 8 successors w suff] f ! pa/ z he does4 #bej4 ,,mann]s4--,good mann]s disappe> 9 proportion z ! influ5ce ( a ,c\rt & an exclusive ari/ocracy less5s2 ?is decrease c be pla9ly obs]v$ f decade to decade by ^? :o h an eye = public behavi\r1 :i* gr[s visibly m vulg>4 ,no "o any long] kn[s h[ to c\rt & flatt] intellig5tly2 h5ce arises ! ludicr\s fact t 9 cases :]e we mu/ r5d] actual homage 7to a great /atesman or arti/1 = in/ance71 ! words ( deepe/ feel+1 ( simple1 peasant-l hone/y1 h to be borr[$1 ow+ to ! emb>rassm5t result+ f ! lack ( grace & wit4 ,?us ! public c]emoni\s meet+ ( m5 appe>s ev] m clumsy1 b m full ( feel+ & hone/y )\t really be+ s4 ,b mu/ !re always be a decl9e 9 mann]s8 ,x appe>s to me1 r1 t mann]s take a deep curve & t we are approa*+ _! l[e/ po9t4 ,:5 society has become sure ( its int5tions & pr9ciples1 s t !y h a m\ld+ effect 7! mann]s we h le>nt f =m] m\ld+ conditions are n[ inh]it$ & always m weakly le>nt71 !re w !n be company mann]s1 ge/ures & social expressions1 :i* mu/ appe> z necess>y & simply natural because !y are int5tions & pr9ciples4 ,! bett] division ( "t & "w1 ! gymna/ic ex]cise trans=m$ into ! accompanim5t ( all beautiful leisure1 increas$ & sev]] m$itation1 :i* br+s wisdom & suppl5ess ev5 to ! body1 w br+ all ?is 9 its tra94 ,"h1 inde$1 we might ?9k ) a smile ( our s*ol>s1 & consid] :e!r1 z a matt] ( fact1 !y :o wi% to be reg>d$ z ! =]unn]s ( t new culture are di/+ui%$ by _! bett] mann]s8 ,?is is h>dly ! case2 al?\gh _! _s may be will+ en\gh _! fle% is weak4 ,! pa/ ( culture is /ill too p[]ful 9 _! muscles1 !y /ill /& 9 a fett]$ position1 & are half worldly prie/s & half dep5d5t educators ( ! upp] classes1 & besides ?is !y h be5 r5d]$ crippl$ & lifeless by ! p$antry ( sci5ce & by antiquat$1 spiritless me?ods4 ,9 any case1 !re=e1 !y are physically1 & (t5 ?ree-f\r?s m5tally1 /ill ! c\rti]s ( an old1 ev5 antiquat$ culture1 & z su* are !mselves antiquat$2 ! new _s t occasionally inhabits ^! old dwell+s (t5 s]ves only to make !m m unc]ta9 & fright5$4 ,9 !m !re dwell ! gho/s ( ! pa/ z well z ! gho/s ( ! future2 :at wond] if !y d n we> ! be/ expression or %[ ! mo/ pleas+ behavi\r8 #bea4 ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,sci5ce4--,to him :o works & seeks 9 h]1 ,sci5ce gives mu* pleasure1--to him :o le>ns h] facts1 v little4 ,b z all important tru?s ( sci5ce mu/ gradually become commonplace & ev]yday matt]s1 ev5 ?is small am\nt ( pleasure ceases1 j z we h long ceas$ to take pleasure 9 le>n+ ! admirable multiplication table4 ,n[ if ,sci5ce goes on giv+ less pleasure 9 h]self1 & always takes m pleasure 9 ?r[+ suspicion on ! consolations ( metaphysics1 religion & art1 t greate/ ( all s\rces ( pleasure1 to :i* mank9d owes almo/ its :ole humanity1 becomes impov]i%$4 ,!re=e a high] culture mu/ give man a d\ble bra91 two bra9-*amb]s1 s to speak1 "o to feel sci5ce & ! o!r to feel non-sci5ce1 :i* c lie side by side1 )\t confusion1 divisible1 exclusive2 ?is is a necessity ( heal?4 ,9 "o "p lies ! s\rce ( /r5g?1 9 ! o!r lies ! regulator2 x mu/ be heat$ ) illusions1 onesid$nesses1 passions2 & ! malici\s & dang]\s consequ5ces ( ov]-heat+ mu/ be av]t$ by ! help ( consci\s ,sci5ce4 ,if ?is necessity ( ! high] culture is n satisfi$1 ! fur!r c\rse ( human developm5t c almo/ c]ta9ly be =etold3 ! int]e/ 9 :at is true ceases z x gu>antees less pleasure2 illusion1 error1 & imag9ation reconqu] /ep by /ep ! anci5t t]ritory1 because !y are unit$ to pleasure2 ! ru9 ( sci5ce3 ! relapse into b>b>ism is ! next result2 mank9d mu/ beg9 to weave its web afre% aft] hav+1 l ,p5elope1 de/roy$ x dur+ ! night4 ,b :o w assure u t x w always f9d ! necess>y /r5g? = ?is8 #beb4 ,,! ,,pleasure ,,9 ,,disc]nm5t4--,:y is disc]nm5t1 t ess5ce ( ! se>*] & ! philosoph]1 connect$ ) pleasure8 ,fir/ly1 & above all1 because !reby we become consci\s ( our /r5g?1 = ! same reason t gymna/ic ex]cises1 ev5 )\t spectators1 are enjoyable4 ,secondly1 because 9 ! c\rse ( k we surpass old] ideas & _! repres5tatives1 & become1 or believe ourselves to be1 conqu]ors4 ,?irdly1 because ev5 a v little new k exalts u above e "o1 & makes u feel we are ! only ones :o "k ! subject aright4 ,^! are ! ?ree mo/ important reasons ( ! pleasure1 b !re are _m o!rs1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! disc]n]4 ,a n inconsid]able index ( su* is giv51 :]e no "o w\ld look = x1 9 a passage ( my p>5etic "w on ,s*op5hau]1#b ) ! arrangem5t ( :i* e exp]i5c$ s]vant ( k may be satisfi$1 ev5 ?\gh he might wi% to disp5se ) ! ironical t\* t seems to p]vade ^? pages4 ,= if x be true t = ! mak+ ( a s*ol> a numb] ( v human impulses & desires mu/ be ?r[n toge!r1 t ! s*ol> is inde$ a v noble b n a pure metal1 & consi/s ( a confus$ bl5d+ ( v diff]5t impulses & attractions1 ! same ?+ may be said equally ( ! mak+ & nature ( ! arti/1 ! philosoph] & ! moral g5ius--& :atev] glorifi$ great names !re may be 9 t li/4 ,ev]y?+ human des]ves ironical consid]ation ) respect to its orig91--!re=e irony is s sup]flu\s 9 ! _w4 #bec4 ,,fidelity ,,z ,a ,,pro( ,,( ,,validity4--,x is a p]fect sign ( a s\nd !ory if dur+ =ty ye>s its orig9ator does n mi/ru/ x2 b ,i ma9ta9 t !re has nev] yet be5 a philosoph] :o has n ev5tually deprecat$ ! philosophy ( 8 y\?4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 he has n spok5 publicly ( ?is *ange ( op9ion1 = reasons ( ambition1 or1 :at is m probable 9 noble natures1 out ( delicate consid]ation = 8 adh]5ts4 #bed4 ,,! ,,increase ,,( ,,:at ,,is ,,int]e/+4--,9 ! c\rse ( high] education ev]y?+ becomes int]e/+ to man1 he kn[s h[ to f9d ! in/ructive side ( a ?+ quickly & to put 8 f+] on ! place :]e x c fill up a gap 9 8 ideas1 or :]e x may v]ify a ?\ght4 ,?r\gh ?is bor$om disappe>s m & m1 & s does excessive excitability ( temp]am5t4 ,f9ally he moves among m5 l a botani/ among plants1 & looks ^u himself z a ph5om5on1 :i* only greatly excites 8 disc]n+ in/9ct4 #bee4 ,,! ,,sup]/ition ,,( ,,! ,,simultane\s4--,simultane\s ?+s hold toge!r1 x is said4 ,a relative dies f> away1 & at ! same "t we dream ab\t him1--,consequ5tly6 ,b c\ntless relatives die & we d n dream ab\t !m4 ,x is l %ipwreck$ p :o make v[s2 aft]w>ds1 9 ! temples1 we d n see ! votive tablets ( ^? :o p]i%$4 ,a man dies1 an owl hoots1 a clock /ops1 all at "o h\r ( ! night1--mu/ !re n be "s connection8 ,su* an intimacy ) nature z ?is supposition implies is flatt]+ to mank9d4 ,?is species ( sup]/ition is f\nd aga9 9 a ref9$ =m 9 hi/orians & del9eators ( culture1 :o usually h a k9d ( hydrophobic horror ( all t s5seless mixture1 9 :i* individual & national life is s ri*4 #bef4 ,,action ,,& ,,n ,,k ,,ex]cis$ ,,by ,,sci5ce4--,! value ( /rictly pursu+ sci5ce = a "t does n lie precisely 9 its results1 = ^!1 9 proportion to ! ocean ( :at is wor? kn[+1 are b an inf9itesimally small drop4 ,b x gives an additional en]gy1 decisiv5ess1 & t\ghness ( endurance2 x tea*es h[ to atta9 an aim suitably4 ,9 s f> x is v valuable1 ) a view to all t is done lat] on1 to h once be5 a sci5tific man4 #beg4 ,,! ,,y\?ful ,,*>m ,,( ,,sci5ce4--,! se>* = tru? /ill reta9s ! *>m ( be+ 9 /rong contra/ to gray & n[ tiresome error2 b ?is *>m is gradually disappe>+4 ,x is true we /ill live 9 ! y\?ful age ( sci5ce & are accu/om$ to foll[ tru? z a lovely girl2 b h[ w x be :5 "o day %e becomes an eld]ly1 ill-temp]$ look+ woman8 ,9 almo/ all sci5ces ! fundam5tal k is ei!r f\nd 9 e>lie/ times or is /ill be+ s\ght2 :at a diff]5t attraction ?is ex]ts comp>$ to t "t :5 ev]y?+ ess5tial has be5 f\nd & !re only rema9s = ! seek] a scanty glean+ 7:i* s5sation may be le>nt 9 sev]al hi/orical discipl9es74 #beh4 ,,! ,,/atue ,,( ,,humanity4--,! g5ius ( culture f>es z did ,cell9i :5 8 /atue ( ,p]seus 0 be+ ca/2 ! molt5 mass ?reat5$ to run %ort1 b x _h to suffice1 s he flung 9 8 plates & di%es1 & :atev] else 8 h&s fell ^u4 ,9 ! same way g5ius fl+s 9 errors1 vices1 hopes1 rav+s1 & o!r ?+s ( bas] z well z ( nobl] metal1 = ! /atue ( humanity mu/ em]ge & be f9i%$2 :at does x matt] if common] mat]ial is us$ "h & !re8 #bei4 ,a ,,male ,,culture4--,! ,greek culture ( ! classic age is a male culture4 ,z f> z wom5 are conc]n$1 ,p]icles expresses ev]y?+ 9 ! fun]al spee*3 ,!y are be/ :5 !y are z little spok5 ( z possible among/ m54 ,! erotic relation ( m5 to y\?s 0 ! necess>y & sole prep>ation1 to a degree unatta9able to our compreh5sion1 ( all manly education 7pretty mu* z = a long "t all high] education ( wom5 0 only atta9able ?r\gh love & m>riage74 ,all idealism ( ! /r5g? ( ! ,greek nature ?rew itself into t relation1 & x is probable t nev] s9ce h "y m5 be5 treat$ s att5tively1 s lov+ly1 s entirely ) a view to _! welf>e 7virtus7 z 9 ! fif? & six? c5turies ,b4,c4--accord+ to ! beautiful say+ ( ,hld]l93 d5n lieb5d giebt d] ,/]bli*e vom ,be/54#c ,! high] ! light 9 :i* ?is relation 0 reg>d$1 ! l[] sank int]c\rse ) woman2 no?+ else 0 tak5 into consid]ation ?an ! production ( *ildr5 & lu/2 !re 0 no intellectual int]c\rse1 n ev5 real love-mak+4 ,if x be fur!r rememb]$ t wom5 7 ev5 exclud$ f conte/s & spectacles ( e description1 !re only rema9 ! religi\s cults z _! sole high] occupation4 ,= al?\gh 9 ! trag$ies ,electra & ,antigone 7 repres5t$1 ?is 0 only tol]at$ 9 art1 b n lik$ 9 real life1--j z n[ we _c endure any?+ pa!tic 9 life b l x 9 art4 ,! wom5 _h no o!r mission ?an to produce beautiful1 /rong bodies1 9 :i* ! fa!r's "* liv$ on z unbrok5ly z possible1 & !re) to c\nt]act ! increas+ n]ve-t5sion ( su* a highly develop$ culture4 ,?is kept ! ,greek culture "y = a relatively long "t2 = 9 ! ,greek mo!rs ! ,greek g5ius always return$ to nature4 #bfj4 ,,! ,,prejudice ,,9 ,,fav\r ,,( ,,greatness4--,x is cle> t m5 ov]value ev]y?+ great & prom95t4 ,?is arises f ! consci\s or unconsci\s idea t !y deem x v useful :5 "o p]son ?r[s all 8 /r5g? into "o ?+ & makes himself into a mon/r\s organ4 ,assur$ly1 an equal developm5t ( all 8 p[]s is m useful & happi] = man2 = e tal5t is a vampire :i* sucks blood & /r5g? f o!r p[]s1 & an exagg]at$ production c drive ! mo/ gift$ almo/ to madness4 ,)9 ! circle ( ! arts1 too1 extreme natures excite f> too mu* att5tion2 b a mu* l[] culture is necess>y to be captivat$ by !m4 ,m5 submit f habit to ev]y?+ t seeks p[]4 #bfa4 ,,! ,,tyrants ,,( ,,! ,,m9d4--,x is only :]e ! ray ( my? falls t ! life ( ! ,greeks %9es2 o!rwise x is gloomy4 ,! ,greek philosoph]s are n[ robb+ !mselves ( ?is my?2 is x n z if !y wi%$ to quit ! sun%9e = %ad[ & gloom8 ,yet no plant avoids ! light2 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 ^? philosoph]s 7 only seek+ a bright] sun2 ! my?--0 n pure en\gh1 n %9+ en\gh = !m4 ,!y f\nd ?is light 9 _! k1 9 t :i* ea* ( !m call$ 8 tru?4 ,b 9 ^? times k %one ) a great] glory2 x 0 /ill "y & knew b little ( all ! difficulties & dang]s ( its pa?2 x c\ld /ill hope to rea* 9 "o s+le b\nd ! c5tral po9t ( all be+1 & f !nce to solve ! riddle ( ! _w4 ,^! philosoph]s _h a firm belief 9 !mselves & _! tru?1 & ) x !y ov]?rew all _! neighb\rs & pr$ecessors2 ea* "o 0 a w>like1 viol5t tyrant4 ,! happ9ess 9 believ+ !mselves ! possessors ( tru? 0 p]haps nev] great] 9 ! _w1 b nei!r 7 ! h>dness1 ! arrogance1 & ! tyranny & evil ( su* a belief4 ,!y 7 tyrants1 !y 7 t1 !re=e1 :i* e ,greek want$ to be1 & :i* e "o 0 if he 0 able4 ,p]haps ,solon alone is an exception2 he tells 9 8 poems h[ he disda9$ p]sonal tyranny4 ,b he did x = love ( 8 works1 ( 8 law-giv+2 & to be a law-giv] is a sublimat$ =m ( tyranny4 ,p>m5ides also made laws4 ,py?agoras & ,emp$ocles probably did ! same2 ,anaxim&] f\nd$ a city4 ,plato 0 ! inc>nate wi% to become ! greate/ philosophic law-giv] & f\nd] ( ,/ates2 he appe>s to h suff]$ t]ribly ov] ! non-fulfilm5t ( 8 nature1 & t[>ds 8 end 8 s\l 0 fill$ ) ! bitt]e/ gall4 ,! m ! ,greek philosoph]s lo/ 9 p[] ! m !y suff]$ inw>dly f ?is bitt]ness & malice2 :5 ! v>i\s sects f\ght = _! tru?s 9 ! /reet1 !n fir/ 7 ! s\ls ( ^! woo]s ( tru? completely clogg$ ?r\gh envy & sple52 ! tyrannical elem5t !n rag$ l poison )9 _! bodies4 ,^! _m petty tyrants w\ld h lik$ to dev\r ea* o!r2 !re surviv$ n a s+le sp>k ( love & v little joy 9 _! own k4 ,! say+ t tyrants are g5]ally murd]$ & t _! desc5dants are %ort-liv$1 is true also ( ! tyrants ( ! m9d4 ,_! hi/ory is %ort & viol5t1 & _! aft]-effects break (f sudd5ly4 ,x may be said ( almo/ all great ,hell5es t !y appe> to h come too late3 x 0 ?us ) s*ylus1 ) ,p9d>1 ) ,demo/h5es1 ) ,?ucydides3 "o g5]ation--& !n x is pass$ = ev]4 ,t is ! /ormy & dismal elem5t 9 ,greek hi/ory4 ,we n[1 x is true1 admire ! gospel ( ! tortoises4 ,to ?9k hi/orically is almo/ ! same ?+ n[ z if 9 all ages hi/ory _h be5 made accord+ to ! !ory ,! smalle/ possible am\nt 9 ! longe/ possible "t6 ,oh6 h[ quickly ,greek hi/ory runs on6 ,s9ce !n life has nev] be5 s extravagant--s unb\nd$4 ,i _c p]suade myself t ! hi/ory ( ! ,greeks foll[$ t natural c\rse = :i* x is s celebrat$4 ,!y 7 mu* too v>i\sly gift$ to be gradual ! ord]ly mann] ( ! tortoise :5 runn+ a race ) ,a*illes1 & t is call$ natural developm5t4 ,! ,geeks w5t rapidly =w>d1 b equally rapidly d[nw>ds2 ! movem5t ( ! :ole ma*9e is s int5sifi$ t a s+le /one ?r[n amid its :eels 0 suffici5t to break x4 ,su* a /one1 = in/ance1 0 ,socrates2 ! hi!rto s wond]fully regul>1 al?\gh c]ta9ly too rapid1 developm5t ( ! philosophical sci5ce 0 de/roy$ 9 "o night4 ,x is no idle "q :e!r ,plato1 _h he rema9$ free f ! ,socratic *>m1 w\ld n h discov]$ a /ill high] type ( ! philosophic man1 :i* type is = ev] lo/ to u4 ,we look into ! ages be=e him z into a sculptor's work%op ( su* types4 ,! fif? & six? c5turies ,b4,c4 seem$ to promise some?+ m & high] ev5 ?an !y produc$2 !y /opp$ %ort at promis+ & ann\nc+4 ,& yet !re is h>dly a great] loss ?an ! loss ( a type1 ( a new1 hi!rto undiscov]$ highe/ possibility ( ! philosophic life3--,ev5 ( ! old] type ! great] numb] are badly transmitt$2 x seems to me t all philosoph]s1 f ,?ales to ,democritus1 are rem>kably difficult to recognise1 b :oev] succe$s 9 imitat+ ^! figures walks among/ specim5s ( ! mightie/ & pure/ type4 ,?is ability is c]ta9ly r>e1 x 0 ev5 abs5t 9 ^? lat] ,greeks1 :o occupi$ !mselves ) ! k ( ! old] philosophy2 ,ari/otle1 especially1 h>dly seems to h _h eyes 9 8 head :5 he /&s be=e ^! great ones4 ,& ?us x appe>s z if ^! spl5did philosoph]s _h liv$ 9 va91 or z if !y _h only be5 int5d$ to prep>e ! qu>relsome & talkative foll[]s ( ! ,socratic s*ools4 ,z ,i h said1 "h is a gap1 a break 9 developm5t2 "s great mis=tune mu/ h happ5$1 & ! only /atue :i* might h reveal$ ! mean+ & purpose ( t great arti/ic tra9+ 0 ei!r brok5 or unsuccessful2 :at actually happ5$ has rema9$ = ev] a secret ( ! work%op4 ,t :i* happ5$ among/ ! ,greeks--namely1 t e great ?9k] :o believ$ himself to be 9 possession ( ! absolute tru? became a tyrant1 s t ev5 ! m5tal hi/ory ( ! ,greeks acquir$ t viol5t1 ha/y & dang]\s "* %[n by _! political hi/ory1--?is type ( ev5t 0 n !re) exhau/$1 mu* t is simil> has happ5$ ev5 9 m mod]n times1 al?\gh gradually becom+ r>] & n[ b seldom %[+ ! pure1 nave consci5ce ( ! ,greek philosoph]s4 ,= on ! :ole1 opposition doctr9es & scepticism n[ speak too p[]fully1 too l\dly4 ,! p]iod ( m5tal tyranny is pa/4 ,x is true t 9 ! sph]es ( high] culture !re mu/ always be a supremacy1 b h5ce=? ?is supremacy lies 9 ! h&s ( ! olig>*s ( ! m9d4 ,9 spite ( local & political sep>ation !y =m a cohesive society1 ^: memb]s recognise & ackn[l$ge ea* o!r1 :atev] public op9ion & ! v]dicts ( review & newspap] writ]s :o influ5ce ! masses may circulate 9 fav\r ( or aga9/ !m4 ,m5tal sup]iority1 :i* =m]ly divid$ & embitt]$1 n[adays g5]ally unites2 h[ c\ld ! sep>ate individuals ass]t !mselves & swim ?r\gh life on _! own c\rse1 aga9/ all curr5ts1 if !y did n see o!rs l !m liv+ "h & !re "u simil> conditions1 & grasp$ _! h&s 9 ! /ruggle z mu* aga9/ ! o*locratic "* ( ! half m9d & half culture z aga9/ ! occasional attempts to e/abli% a tyranny ) ! help ( ! masses8 ,olig>*s are necess>y to ea* o!r1 !y are ea* o!r's be/ joy1 !y und]/& _! signs1 b ea* is nev]!less free1 he fights & conqu]s 9 8 place & p]i%es r ?an submit4 #bfb4 ,,hom]4--,! greate/ fact 9 ,greek culture rema9s ?is1 t ,hom] became s e>ly ,pan-,hell5ic4 ,all m5tal & human fre$om to :i* ! ,greeks atta9$ is traceable to ?is fact4 ,at ! same "t x has actually be5 fatal to ,greek culture1 = ,hom] levell$1 inasmu* z he c5tralis$1 & dissolv$ ! m s]i\s in/9cts ( indep5d5ce4 ,f "t to "t !re arose f ! dep?s ( ,hell5ism an opposition to ,hom]3 b he always rema9$ victori\s4 ,all great m5tal p[]s h an oppress+ effect z well z a lib]at+ "o2 b x c]ta9ly makes a diff]5ce :e!r x is ,hom] or ! ,bible or ,sci5ce t tyrannises ov] mank9d4 #bfc4 ,,tal5ts4--,9 su* a highly develop$ humanity z ! pres5t1 ea* individual naturally has access to _m tal5ts4 ,ea* has an inborn tal5t1 b only 9 a few is t degree ( t\ghness1 endurance1 & en]gy born & tra9$ t he really becomes a tal5t1 becomes :at he is1 t is1 t he dis*>ges x 9 works & actions4 #bfd4 ,,! ,,witty ,,p]son ,,ei!r ,,ov]valu$ ,,or ,,und]valu$4--,unsci5tific b tal5t$ p value e m>k ( intellig5ce1 :e!r x be on a true or a false track2 above all1 !y want ! p]son ) :om !y h int]c\rse to ent]ta9 !m ) 8 wit1 to spur !m on1 to inflame !m1 to c>ry !m away 9 s]i\sness & play1 & 9 any case to be a p[]ful amulet to protect !m aga9/ bor$om4 ,sci5tific natures1 on ! o!r h&1 "k t ! gift ( possess+ all mann] ( notions %\ld be /rictly controll$ by ! sci5tific _s3 x is n t :i* %9es1 deludes & excites1 b ! (t5 insignificant tru? t is ! fruit :i* he kn[s h[ to %ake d[n f ! tree ( k4 ,l ,ari/otle1 he is n p]mitt$ to make any di/9ction betwe5 ! bores & ! wits1 8 dmon leads him ?r\gh ! des]t z well z ?r\gh tropical vegetation1 9 ord] t he may only take pleasure 9 ! really actual1 tangible1 true4 ,9 insignificant s*ol>s ?is produces a g5]al disda9 & suspicion ( clev]ness1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 clev] p frequ5tly h an av]sion to sci5ce1 z h1 = in/ance1 almo/ all arti/s4 #bfe4 ,,s5se ,,9 ,,s*ool4--,s*ool has no task m important ?an to tea* /rict ?\ght1 cauti\s judgm5t1 & logical conclusions1 h5ce x mu/ pay no att5tion to :at h9d]s ^! op]ations1 su* z religion1 = in/ance4 ,x c c\nt on ! fact t human vagu5ess1 cu/om1 & ne$ w lat] on un/r+ ! b[ ( all-too-sev]e ?\ght4 ,b s long z its influ5ce la/s x %\ld en=ce t :i* is ! ess5tial & di/+ui%+ po9t 9 man3 ,s5se & ,sci5ce1 ! v highe/ p[] ( man--z ,goe! judges4 ,! great natural philosoph]1 ,von ,ba]1 ?9ks t ! sup]iority ( all ,europeans1 :5 comp>$ to ,asiatics1 lies 9 ! tra9$ capability ( giv+ reasons = t :i* !y believe1 ( :i* ! latt] are utt]ly incapable4 ,europe w5t to ! s*ool ( logical & critical ?\ght1 ,asia /ill fails to "k h[ to di/+ui% betwe5 tru? & fiction1 & is n ,consci\s :e!r its convictions spr+ f individual obs]vation & sy/ematic ?\ght or f imag9ation4 ,s5se 9 ! s*ool has made ,europe :at x is2 9 ! ,middle ,ages x 0 on ! road to become once m a "p & dep5d5t ( ,asia1--=feit+1 !re=e1 ! sci5tific m9d :i* x ow$ to ! ,greeks4 #bff4 ,,! ,,und]valu$ ,,effect ,,( ,,public ,,s*ool ,,tea*+4--,! value ( a public s*ool is seldom s\ght 9 ^? ?+s :i* are really le>nt !re & are c>ri$ away nev] to be lo/1 b 9 ^? ?+s :i* are le>nt & :i* ! pupil only acquires aga9/ 8 w1 9 ord] to get rid ( !m aga9 z soon z possible4 ,e educat$ p]son ackn[l$ges t ! read+ ( ! classics1 z n[ practis$1 is mon/r\s proce$+ c>ri$ on be=e y p are ripe en\gh = x by tea*]s :o ) e ^w1 (t5 by _! appe>ance alone1 ?r[ a mildew on a good au?or4 ,b !re9 lies ! value1 g5]ally unrecognis$1 ( ^! tea*]s :o speak ! ab/ract language ( ! high] culture1 :i*1 ?\gh dry & difficult to und]/&1 is yet a sort ( high] gymna/ics ( ! bra92 & !re is value 9 ! con/ant recurr5ce 9 _! language ( ideas1 arti/ic expressions1 me?ods & allusions :i* ! "y p h>dly ev] he> 9 ! conv]sations ( _! relatives & 9 ! /reet4 ,ev5 if ! pupils only he>1 _! intellect is involunt>ily tra9$ to a sci5tific mode ( reg>d+ ?+s4 ,x is n possible to em]ge f ?is discipl9e entirely unt\*$ by its ab/ract "*1 & to rema9 a simple *ild ( nature4 #bfg4 ,,le>n+ ,,_m ,,languages4--,! le>n+ ( _m languages fills ! memory ) words in/ead ( ) facts & ?\ghts1 & ?is is a vessel :i*1 ) e p]son1 c only conta9 a c]ta9 limit$ am\nt ( cont5ts4 ,!re=e ! le>n+ ( _m languages is injuri\s1 inasmu* z x ar\ses a belief 9 possess+ dext]ity &1 z a matt] ( fact1 x l5ds a k9d ( delusive importance to social int]c\rse4 ,x is also indirectly injuri\s 9 t x opposes ! acquirem5t ( solid k & ! int5tion to w9 ! respect ( m5 9 an hone/ way4 ,f9ally1 x is ! axe :i* is laid to ! root ( a delicate s5se ( language 9 our "m-tongue1 :i* !reby is incurably injur$ & de/roy$4 ,! two nations :i* produc$ ! greate/ /yli/s1 ! ,greeks & ! ,fr5*1 le>n$ no =eign languages4 ,b z human int]c\rse mu/ always gr[ m cosmopolitan1 & z1 = in/ance1 a good m]*ant 9 ,london mu/ n[ be able to read & write eight languages1 ! le>n+ ( _m tongues has c]ta9ly become a necess>y evil2 b :i*1 :5 f9ally c>ri$ to an extreme1 w compel mank9d to f9d a rem$y1 & 9 "s f>-(f future !re w be a new language1 us$ at fir/ z a language ( comm]ce1 !n z a language ( intellectual int]c\rse g5]ally1 !n = all1 z surely z "s "t or o!r !re w be aviation4 ,:y else %\ld philology h /udi$ ! laws ( languages = a :ole c5tury1 & h e/imat$ ! necess>y1 ! valuable1 & ! successful portion ( ea* sep>ate language8 #bfh4 ,,! ,,w> ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,individual4--,9 a s+le human life t passes ?r\gh _m /yles ( culture we f9d t /ruggle cond5se :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 play$ out betwe5 two g5]ations1 betwe5 fa!r & son2 ! clos5ess ( ! relation%ip %>p5s ?is /ruggle1 because ea* p>ty ru?lessly drags 9 ! famili> inw>d nature ( ! o!r p>ty2 & ?us ?is /ruggle 9 ! s+le individual becomes mo/ embitt]$ "h e new phase disreg>ds ! e>li] ones ) cruel inju/ice & misund]/&+ ( _! means & aims4 #bfi4 ,a ,,qu>t] ,,( ,,an ,,h\r ,,e>li]4--,a m>k is f\nd occasionally ^: views are beyond 8 "t1 b only to su* an ext5t t he anticipates ! common views ( ! next decade4 ,he possesses public op9ion be=e x is public2 t is1 he has fall5 into ! arms ( a view t des]ves to be trivial a qu>t] ( an h\r soon] ?an o!r p4 ,b 8 fame is usually f> noisi] ?an ! fame ( ^? :o are really great & prom95t4 #bgj4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,read+4--,e /rong t5d5cy is "o-sid$2 x approa*es ! aim ( ! /raight l9e &1 l ?is1 is exclusive1 t is1 x does n t\* _m o!r aims1 z d weak p>ties & natures 9 _! wave-l roll+ to-&-fro2 x mu/ also be =giv5 to philologi/s t !y are "o-sid$4 ,! re/oration & keep+ pure ( texts1 besides _! explanation1 c>ri$ on 9 common = hundr$s ( ye>s1 has f9ally enabl$ ! "r me?ods to be f\nd2 ! :ole ( ! ,middle ,ages 0 absolutely incapable ( a /rictly philological explanation1 t is1 ( ! simple desire to compreh5d :at an au?or says--x 0 an a*ievem5t1 f9d+ ^! me?ods1 let x n be und]valu$6 ,?r\gh ?is all sci5ce fir/ acquir$ cont9uity & /ead9ess1 s t ! art ( read+ rightly1 :i* is call$ philology1 atta9$ its summit4 #bga4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,reason+4--,! greate/ advance t m5 h made lies 9 _! acquisition ( ! art to reason rightly4 ,x is n s v natural1 z ,s*op5hau] supposes :5 he says1 ,all are capable ( reason+ b few ( judg+1 x is le>nt late & has n yet atta9$ supremacy4 ,false conclusion are ! rule 9 old] ages2 & ! my?ologies ( all peoples1 _! magic & _! sup]/ition1 _! religi\s cult & _! law are ! inexhau/ible s\rces ( pro( ( ?is !ory4 #bgb4 ,,phases ,,( ,,individual ,,culture4--,? /r5g? & weakness ( m5tal productiv5ess dep5d f> less on inh]it$ tal5ts ?an on ! accompany+ am\nt ( ela/icity4 ,mo/ educat$ "y p ( ?irty turn r\nd at ?is sol/ice ( _! lives & are aft]w>ds dis9cl9$ = new m5tal turn+s4 ,!re=e1 = ! salvation ( a con/antly increas+ culture1 a new g5]ation is imm$iately necess>y1 :i* w n d v mu* ei!r1 = 9 ord] to come up ) ! fa!r's culture ! son mu/ exhau/ almo/ all ! inh]it$ en]gy :i* ! fa!r himself possess$ at t /age ( life :5 8 son 0 born2 ) ! little addition he gets fur!r on 7= z "h ! road is be+ trav]s$ = ! second "t progress is--a little quick]2 9 ord] to le>n t :i* ! fa!r knew1 ! son does n consume q s mu* /r5g?74 ,m5 ( great ela/icity1 l ,goe!1 = in/ance1 get ?r\gh almo/ m ?an f\r g5]ations 9 succession w\ld be capable (2 b !n !y advance too quickly1 s t ! re/ ( mank9d only comes up ) !m 9 ! next c5tury1 & ev5 !n p]haps n completely1 because ! exclusiv5ess ( culture & ! consecutiv5ess ( developm5t h be5 weak5$ by ! frequ5t int]ruptions4 ,m5 cat* up m quickly ) ! ord9>y phases ( intellectual culture :i* has be5 acquir$ 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory4 ,n[adays !y beg9 to acquire culture z religi\sly incl9$ *ildr51 & p]haps ab\t _! t5? ye> ^! s5tim5ts atta9 to _! highe/ po9t1 & are !n *ang$ into weak5$ =ms 7pan!ism71 :il/ !y draw ne> to sci5ce2 !y entirely pass by ,god1 immortality1 & su*-l ?+s1 b are ov]come by ! wit*craft ( a metaphysical philosophy4 ,ev5tually !y f9d ev5 ?is unwor?y ( belief2 art1 on ! contr>y1 seems to v\*safe m & m1 s t = a "t metaphysics is metamorphos$ & cont9ues to exi/ ei!r z a transition to art or z an arti/ically transfigur+ temp]am5t4 ,b ! sci5tific s5se gr[s m imp]i\s & conducts man to natural sci5ces & hi/ory1 & p>ticul>ly to ! sev]e/ me?ods ( k1 :il/ art has always a mild] & less exact+ mean+4 ,all ?is usually happ5s )9 ! fir/ ?irty ye>s ( a man's life4 ,x is ! recapitulation ( a p5sum1 = :i* humanity _h lab\r$ p]haps ?irty ?\s& ye>s4 #bgc4 ,,retrograd$1 ,,n ,,left ,,beh9d4--,:oev]1 9 ! pres5t day1 /ill d]ives 8 developm5t f religi\s s5tim5ts1 & p]haps lives = "s l5g? ( "t aft]w>ds 9 metaphysics & art1 has assur$ly gone back a consid]able di/ance & beg9s 8 race ) o!r mod]n m5 "u unfav\rable conditions2 he app>5tly loses "t & space4 ,b because he /ays 9 ^? doma9s :]e ard\r & en]gy are lib]at$ & =ce fl[s cont9u\sly z a volcanic /ream out ( an inexhau/ible s\rce1 he goes =w>d all ! m quickly z soon z he has fre$ himself at ! "r mom5t f ^? dom9ators2 8 feet are w+$1 8 brea/ has le>n$ quiet]1 long]1 & m endur+ brea?+4 ,he has only retreat$ 9 ord] to h suffici5t room to leap2 ?us some?+ t]rible & ?reat5+ may lie 9 ?is retrograde movem5t4 #bgd4 ,a ,,portion ,,( ,,our ,,ego ,,z ,,an ,,arti/ic ,,object4--,x is a sign ( sup]ior culture consci\sly to reta9 & pres5t a true picture ( c]ta9 phases ( developm5t :i* common] m5 live ?r\gh almo/ ?\ghtlessly & !n efface f ! tablets ( _! s\ls3 ?is is a high] species ( ! pa9t]'s art :i* only ! few und]/&4 ,= ?is x is necess>y to isolate ^? phases artificially4 ,hi/orical /udies =m ! qualification = ?is pa9t+1 = !y con/antly incite u 9 reg>d to a portion ( hi/ory1 a p1 or a human life1 to imag9e = ourselves a q di/9ct horizon ( ?\ghts1 a c]ta9 /r5g? ( feel+s1 ! prom95ce ( ?is or ! obscurity ( t4 ,h]e9 consi/s ! hi/oric s5se1 t out ( giv5 in/ances we c quickly recon/ruct su* sy/ems ( ?\ghts & feel+s1 j z we c m5tally recon/ruct a temple out ( a few pill>s & rema9s ( walls accid5tally left /&+4 ,! next result is t we und]/& our fell[-m5 z belong+ to di/9ct sy/ems & repres5tatives ( diff]5t cultures--t is1 z necess>y1 b z *angeable2 &1 aga91 t we c sep>ate portions ( our own developm5t & put !m d[n indep5d5tly4 #bge4 ,,cynics ,,& ,,epicureans4--,! cynic recognises ! connection betwe5 ! multipli$ & /rong] pa9s ( ! m highly cultivat$ man & ! abundance ( requirem5ts2 he compreh5ds1 !re=e1 t ! multitude ( op9ions ab\t :at is beautiful1 suitable1 seemly & pleas+1 mu/ also produce v ri* s\rces ( enjoym5t1 b also ( displeasure4 ,9 accordance ) ?is view he educates himself backw>ds1 by giv+ up _m ( ^! op9ions & )draw+ f c]ta9 dem&s ( culture2 he !reby ga9s a feel+ ( fre$om & /r5g?2 & gradually1 :5 habit has made 8 mann] ( life endurable1 8 s5sations ( displeasure are1 z a matt] ( fact1 r>] & weak] ?an ^? ( cultivat$ p1 & approa* ^? ( ! dome/ic animal2 moreov]1 he exp]i5ces ev]y?+ ) ! *>m ( contra/1 &--he c also scold to 8 he>t's cont5t2 s t !reby he aga9 rises high above ! s5sation-range ( ! animal4 ,! ,epicurean has ! same po9t ( view z ! cynic2 !re is usually only a diff]5ce ( temp]am5t betwe5 !m4 ,!n ! ,epicurean makes use ( 8 high] culture to r5d] himself indep5d5t ( prevail+ op9ions1 he raises himself above !m1 :il/ ! cynic only rema9s negative4 ,he walks1 z x 71 9 w9d-protect$1 well-%elt]$1 half-d>k pa?s1 :il/ ov] him1 9 ! w9d1 ! tops ( ! trees ru/le & %[ him h[ viol5tly agitat$ is ! _w out !re4 ,! cynic1 on ! contr>y1 goes1 z x 71 nak$ into ! ru%+ ( ! w9d & h>d5s himself to ! po9t ( ins5sibility4 #bgf4 ,,microcosm ,,& ,,macrocosm ,,( ,,culture4--,! be/ discov]ies ab\t culture man makes )9 himself :5 he f9ds two het]og5e\s p[]s rul+ !re94 ,suppos+ "s "o 7 liv+ z mu* 9 love = ! pla/ic arts or = music z he 0 c>ri$ away by ! _s ( sci5ce1 & t he 7 to reg>d x z impossible = him to end ?is contradiction by ! de/ruction ( "o & complete lib]ation ( ! o!r p[]1 !re w\ld !re=e rema9 no?+ = him to d b to erect ar\nd himself su* a l>ge edifice ( culture t ^? two p[]s might bo? dwell )9 x1 al?\gh at diff]5t ends1 :il/ betwe5 !m !re dwelt reconcil+1 int]m$i>y p[]s1 ) pr$om9ant /r5g? to quell1 9 case ( ne$1 ! ris+ conflict4 ,b su* an edifice ( culture 9 ! s+le individual w be> a great resemblance to ! culture ( entire p]iods1 & w af=d consecutive analogical tea*+ conc]n+ x4 ,= :]ev] ! great ar*itecture ( culture manife/$ itself x 0 its mission to compel oppos+ p[]s to agree1 by means ( an ov]:elm+ accumulation ( o!r less unbe>able p[]s1 )\t !reby oppress+ & fett]+ !m4 #bgg4 ,,happ9ess ,,& ,,culture4--,we are mov$ at ! sight ( our *ildhood's surr\nd+s1--! arb\r1 ! *ur* ) its graves1 ! pond & ! wood1--all ?is we see aga9 ) pa94 ,we are seiz$ ) pity = ourselves2 = :at h we n pass$ ?r\gh s9ce !n6 ,& ev]y?+ "h is s sil5t1 s et]nal1 only we are s *ang$1 s mov$2 we ev5 f9d a few human be+s1 on :om ,"t has %>p5$ 8 tee? no m ?an on an oak tree1--peasants1 fi%]m51 woodm5--!y are un*ang$4 ,emotion & self-pity at ! sight ( l[] culture is ! sign ( high] culture2 f :i* ! conclusion may be drawn t happ9ess has c]ta9ly n be5 increas$ by x4 ,:oev] wi%es to reap happ9ess & com=t 9 life %\ld always avoid high] culture4 #bgh4 ,,! ,,simile ,,( ,,! ,,dance4--,x mu/ n[ be reg>d$ z a decisive sign ( great culture if "s "o possesses suffici5t /r5g? & flexibility to be z pure & /rict 9 disc]nm5t z1 9 o!r mom5ts1 to be capable ( giv+ poetry1 religion1 & metaphysics a hundr$ paces' />t & !n feel+ _! =ce & beauty4 ,su* a position amid two su* diff]5t dem&s is v difficult1 = sci5ce urges ! absolute supremacy ( its me?ods1 & if ?is insi/5ce is n yield$ to1 !re arises ! o!r dang] ( a weak wav]+ betwe5 diff]5t impulses4 ,mean:ile1 to ca/ a glance1 9 simile at lea/1 on a solution ( ?is difficulty1 x may be rememb]$ t danc+ is n ! same z a dull reel+ to & fro betwe5 diff]5t impulses4 ,high culture w resemble a bold dance1--:]e=e1 z has be5 said1 !re is ne$ ( mu* /r5g? & suppl5ess4 #bgi4 ,,( ,,! ,,reliev+ ,,( ,,life4--,a prim>y way ( light5+ life is ! idealisation ( all its occurr5ces2 & ) ! help ( pa9t+ we %\ld make x q cle> to ourselves :at idealis+ means4 ,! pa9t] requires t ! spectator %\ld n obs]ve too closely or too %>ply1 he =ces him back to a c]ta9 di/ance f :5ce to make 8 obs]vations2 he is oblig$ to take = grant$ a fix$ di/ance ( ! spectator f ! picture1--he mu/ ev5 suppose an equally c]ta9 am\nt ( %>pness ( eye 9 8 spectator2 9 su* ?+s he mu/ on no acc\nt wav]4 ,e "o1 !re=e1 :o desires to idealise 8 life mu/ n look at x too closely1 & mu/ always keep 8 gaze at a c]ta9 di/ance4 ,?is 0 a trick t ,goe!1 = in/ance1 und]/ood4 #bhj4 ,,aggravation ,,z ,,relief1 ,,& ,,vice ,,v]sa4--,mu* t makes life m difficult 9 c]ta9 grades ( mank9d s]ves to light5 x 9 a high] grade1 because su* p h become famili> ) great] aggravations ( life4 ,! contr>y also happ5s2 = in/ance1 religion has a d\ble face1 accord+ to :e!r a man looks up to x to relieve him ( 8 burd5 & ne$1 or looks d[n ^u x z-^u fett]s laid on him to prev5t him f so>+ too high into ! air4 #bha4 ,,! ,,high] ,,culture ,,is ,,necess>ily ,,misund]/ood4--,he :o has /rung 8 in/rum5t ) only two /r+s1 l ! s*ol>s :o1 besides ! in/9ct ( k possess only an acquir$ religi\s in/9ct1 does n und]/& p :o c play ^u m /r+s4 ,x lies 9 ! nature ( ! high]1 _m-/r+$ culture t x %\ld always be falsely int]pret$ by ! l[]2 an example ( ?is is :5 art appe>s z a disguis$ =m ( ! religi\s4 ,p :o are only religi\s und]/& ev5 sci5ce z a se>*+ aft] ! religi\s s5tim5t1 j z deaf mutes d n "k :at music is1 unless x be visible movem5t4 #bhb4 ,,lam5tation4--,x is1 p]haps1 ! advantages ( our epo* t br+ ) !m a backw>d movem5t & an occasional und]valu+ ( ! vita contemplativa4 ,b x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t our "t is poor 9 ! matt] ( great morali/s1 t ,pascal1 ,epictetus1 ,s5eca1 & ,plut>* are n[ b little read1 t "w & indu/ry--=m]ly 9 ! foll[+ ( ! great goddess ,heal?--sometimes appe> to rage l a disease4 ,because "t to ?9k & tranquillity 9 ?\ght are lack+1 we no long] pond] ov] diff]5t views1 b cont5t ourselves ) hat+ !m4 ,) ! enorm\s accel]ation ( life1 m9d & eye gr[ accu/om$ to a p>tial & false sight & judgm5t1 & all p are l travell]s ^: only acqua9tance ) c\ntries & nations is d]iv$ f ! railway4 ,an indep5d5t & cauti\s attitude ( k is look$ ^u almo/ z a k9d ( madness2 ! free _s is br\ght into disrepute1 *iefly ?r\gh s*ol>s1 :o miss _! ?or\ghness & ant-l indu/ry 9 8 art ( reg>d+ ?+s & w\ld gladly bani% him into "o s+le corn] ( sci5ce1 :ile x has ! diff]5t & high] mission ( comm&+ ! battalion re>-gu>d ( sci5tific & le>n$ m5 f an isolat$ position1 & %[+ !m ! ways & aims ( culture4 ,a song ( lam5tation su* z t :i* has j be5 sung w probably h its own p]iod1 & w cease ( its own accord on a =cible return ( ! g5ius ( m$itation4 #bhc4 ,,! ,,*ief ,,defici5cy ,,( ,,active ,,p4--,active p are usually defici5t 9 ! high] activity1 ,i mean individual activity4 ,!y are active z (ficials1 m]*ants1 s*ol>s1 t is z a species1 b n z q di/9ct sep>ate & s+le individuals2 9 ?is respect !y are idle4 ,x is ! mis=tune ( ! active t _! activity is almo/ always a little s5seless4 ,= in/ance1 we mu/ n ask ! money-mak+ bank] ! reason ( 8 re/less activity1 x is fooli%4 ,! active roll z ! /one rolls1 accord+ to ! /upidity ( me*anics4 ,all mank9d is divid$1 z x 0 at all times & is /ill1 into slaves & freem52 = :oev] has n two-?irds ( 8 day = himself is a slave1 be he o!rwise :atev] he likes1 /atesman1 m]*ant1 (ficial1 or s*ol>4 #bhd4 ,,9 ,,fav\r ,,( ,,! ,,idle4--,z a sign t ! value ( a contemplative life has decreas$1 s*ol>s n[ vie ) active p 9 a sort ( hurri$ enjoym5t1 s t !y appe> to value ?is mode ( enjoy+ m ?an t :i* really p]ta9s to !m1 & :i*1 z a matt] ( fact1 is a f> great] enjoym5t4 ,s*ol>s are a%am$ ( otium4 ,b !re is "o noble ?+ ab\t idl5ess & idl]s4 ,if idl5ess is really ! beg9n+ ( all vice1 x f9ds itself1 !re=e1 at lea/ 9 ne> neighb\rhood ( all ! virtues2 ! idle man is /ill a bett] man ?an ! active4 ,y d n suppose t 9 speak+ ( idl5ess & idl]s ,i am allud+ to y1 y slugg>ds8 #bhe4 ,,mod]n ,,unre/4--,mod]n re/lessness increases t[>ds ! we/1 s t ,am]icans look ^u ! inhabitants ( ,europe z altoge!r peace-lov+ & enjoy+ be+s1 :il/ 9 reality !y sw>m ab\t l wasps & bees4 ,?is re/lessness is s great t ! high] culture _c mature its fruits1 x is z if ! seasons foll[$ ea* o!r too quickly4 ,= lack ( re/ our civilisation is turn+ into a new b>b>ism4 ,at no p]iod h ! active1 t is1 ! re/less1 be5 ( m importance4 ,"o ( ! necess>y corrections1 !re=e1 :i* mu/ be und]tak5 9 ! "* ( humanity is to /r5g!n ! contemplative elem5t on a l>ge scale4 ,b e individual :o is quiet & /eady 9 he>t & head already has ! "r to believe t he possesses n only a good temp]am5t1 b also a g5]ally useful virtue1 & ev5 fulfils a high] mission by ! pres]vation ( ?is virtue4 #bhf4 ,to ,,:at ,,ext5t ,,! ,,active ,,man ,,is ,,lazy4--,i believe t e "o mu/ h 8 own op9ion ab\t ev]y?+ conc]n+ :i* op9ions are possible1 because he himself is a peculi>1 unique ?+1 :i* assumes t[>ds all o!r ?+s a new & nev] hi!rto exi/+ attitude4 ,b idl5ess1 :i* lies at ! bottom ( ! active man's s\l1 prev5ts him f draw+ wat] out ( 8 own well4 ,fre$om ( op9ion is l heal?2 bo? are individual1 & no good g5]al conception c be set up ( ei!r ( !m4 ,t :i* is necess>y = ! heal? ( "o individual is ! cause ( disease 9 ano!r1 & _m means & ways to ! fre$om ( ! _s are = m highly develop$ natures ! ways & means to conf9em5t4 #bhg4 ,,c5sor ,,vit--,alt]nations ( love & hatr$ = a long p]iod di/+ui% ! inw>d condition ( a man :o desires to be free 9 8 judgm5t ( life2 he does n =get1 & be>s ev]y?+ a grudge1 = good & evil4 ,at la/1 :5 ! :ole tablet ( 8 s\l is writt5 full ( exp]i5ces1 he w n hate & despise exi/5ce1 nei!r w he love x1 b w reg>d x sometimes ) a joyful1 sometimes ) a sorr[ful eye1 &1 l nature1 w be n[ 9 a summ] & n[ 9 an autumn mood4 #bhh4 ,,! ,,second>y ,,result4--,:oev] e>ne/ly desires to be free w !re) & )\t any compulsion lose all incl9ation = faults & vices2 he w also be m r>ely ov]come by ang] & vexation4 ,8 w desires no?+ m urg5tly ?an to disc]n1 & ! means to d ?is1--t is1 ! p]man5t condition 9 :i* he is be/ able to disc]n4 #bhi4 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,disease4--,! man :o is b$-ridd5 (t5 p]ceives t he is usually ill ( 8 position1 bus9ess1 or society1 & ?r\gh !m has lo/ all self-possession4 ,he ga9s ?is piece ( k f ! idl5ess to :i* 8 illness condemns him4 #bij4 ,,s5sitiv5ess ,,9 ,,! ,,c\ntry4--,if !re are no firm1 quiet l9es on ! horizon ( 8 life1 a species ( m\nta9 & =e/ l9e1 man's inmo/ w itself becomes re/less1 inatt5tive1 & covet\s1 z is ! nature ( a dwell] 9 t[ns2 he has no happ9ess & conf]s no happ9ess4 #bia4 ,,prud5ce ,,( ,,! ,,free ,,spirits4--,free-?9k]s1 ^? :o live by k alone1 w soon atta9 ! supreme aim ( _! life & _! ultimate position t[>ds society & ,/ate1 & w gladly cont5t !mselves1 = in/ance1 ) a small po/ or an income t is j suffici5t to enable !m to live2 = !y w arrange to live 9 su* a mann] t a great *ange ( outw>d prosp]ity1 ev5 an ov]?r[ ( ! political ord]1 w\ld n cause an ov]?r[ ( _! life4 ,to all ^! ?+s !y devote z little en]gy z possible 9 ord] t ) _! :ole accumulat$ /r5g?1 & ) a long brea?1 !y may dive into ! elem5t ( k4 ,?us !y c hope to dive deep & be able to see ! bottom4 ,su* a _s seizes only ! po9t ( an ev5t1 he does n c>e = ?+s 9 ! :ole bread? & prolixity ( _! folds1 = he does n wi% to entangle himself 9 !m4 ,he1 too1 kn[s ! weekdays ( re/ra9t1 ( dep5d5ce & s]vitude4 ,b f "t to "t !re mu/ dawn = him a ,sunday ( lib]ty1 o!rwise he c\ld n endure life4 ,x is probable t ev5 8 love = humanity w be prud5t & some:at %ort-w9d$1 = he desires to m$dle ) ! _w ( incl9ations & ( bl9dness only z f> z is necess>y = ! purpose ( k4 ,he mu/ tru/ t ! g5ius ( ju/ice w say some?+ = its disciple & protege if accus+ voices 7 to call him poor 9 love4 ,9 8 mode ( life & ?\ght !re is a ref9$ h]oism1 :i* scorns to (f] itself to ! great mob-rev]5ce1 z its co>s] bro!r does1 & passes quietly ?r\gh & out ( ! _w4 ,:atev] labyr9?s x trav]ses1 b5ea? :atev] rocks its /ream has occasionally work$ its way--:5 x rea*es ! light x goes cle>ly1 easily1 & almo/ noiselessly on its way1 & lets ! sun%9e /rike d[n to its v bottom4 #bib4 ,,=w>d4--,& ?us =w>d ^u ! pa? ( wisdom1 ) a firm /ep & good confid5ce6 ,h[ev] y may be situat$1 s]ve y\rself z a s\rce ( exp]i5ce6 ,?r[ (f ! displeasure at y\r nature1 =give y\rself y\r own individuality1 = 9 any case y h 9 y\rself a ladd] ) a hundr$ /eps ^u :i* y c m\nt to k4 ,! age into :i* ) grief y feel y\rself ?r[n ?9ks y happy because ( ?is good =tune2 x calls out to y t y %all /ill h exp]i5ces :i* m5 ( lat] ages w p]haps be oblig$ to =ego4 ,d n despise ! fact ( hav+ be5 religi\s2 consid] fully h[ y h _h a g5u9e access to art4 ,c y n1 ) ! help ( ^! exp]i5ces1 foll[ imm5se /ret*es ( =m] humanity ) a cle>] und]/&+8 ,is n t gr\nd :i* sometimes displeases y s greatly1 t gr\nd ( cl\d$ ?\ght1 precisely ! "o ^u :i* h gr[n _m ( ! mo/ glori\s fruits ( old] civilisations8 ,y mu/ h lov$ religion & art z y lov$ "m & nurse1--o!rwise y _c be wise4 ,b y mu/ be able to see beyond !m1 to outgr[ !m2 if y1 rema9 "u _! ban y d n und]/& !m4 ,y mu/ also be famili> ) hi/ory & t cauti\s play ) ! balances3 ,on ! "o h&--on ! o!r h&4 ,g back1 tread+ 9 ! foot/eps made by mank9d 9 its great & pa9ful j\rney ?r\gh ! des]t ( ! pa/1 & y w le>n mo/ surely :i!r x is t all lat] humanity nev] c or may g aga94 ,& inasmu* z y wi% ) all y\r /r5g? to see 9 advance h[ ! knots ( ! future are ti$1 y\r own life acquires ! value ( an in/rum5t & means ( k4 ,x is )9 y\r p[] to see t all y h exp]i5c$1 trials1 errors1 faults1 deceptions1 passions1 y\r love & y\r hope1 %all be m]g$ :olly 9 y\r aim4 ,?is aim is to become a necess>y *a9 ( culture-l9ks y\rself1 & f ?is necessity to draw a conclusion z to ! necessity 9 ! progress ( g5]al culture4 ,:5 y\r sight has become /rong en\gh to see to ! bottom ( ! d>k well ( y\r nature & y\r k1 x is possible t 9 its mirror y may also behold ! f>-away visions ( future civilisations4 ,d y ?9k t su* a life ) su* an aim is too we>isome1 too empty ( all t is agreeable8 ,!n y h /ill to le>n t no honey is sweet] ?an t ( k1 & t ! ov]hang+ cl\ds ( tr\ble mu/ be to y z an udd] f :i* y %all draw milk = y\r refre%m5t4 ,& only :5 old age approa*es w y rightly p]ceive h[ y li/5$ to ! voice ( nature1 t nature :i* rules ! :ole _w ?r\gh pleasure2 ! same life :i* has its z5i? 9 age has also its z5i? 9 wisdom1 9 t mild sun%9e ( a con/ant m5tal joyfulness2 y meet !m bo?1 old age & wisdom1 ^u "o ridge ( life1--x 0 ?us int5d$ by ,nature4 ,!n x is "t1 & no cause = ang]1 t ! mi/s ( dea? approa*4 ,t[>ds ! light is y\r la/ movem5t2 a joyful cry ( k is y\r la/ s\nd4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is may rem9d "o ( ,gob9eau's m jocul> say+3 ,n\s ne desc5dons pas du s+e1 mais n\s y allons4--,j4,m4,k4 ,footnote #b3 ,?is ref]s to 8 essay1 ,s*op5hau] z ,educator1 9 ,?\ghts ,out ( ,season1 vol4 ii4 ( ! ,engli% edition4--,j4,m4,k4 ,footnote #c3 ,= x is :5 lov+ t mortal man gives ( 8 be/4--,j4,m4,k4 ,,six? ,,division4 ,,man ,,9 ,,society4 #bic4 ,,well-,,meant ,,dissimulation4--,9 int]c\rse ) m5 a well-meant dissimulation is (t5 necess>y1 z if we did n see ?r\gh ! motives ( _! actions4 #bid4 ,,copies4--,we n unfrequ5tly meet ) copies ( prom95t p]sons2 & z 9 ! case ( pictures1 s also "h1 ! copies please m ?an ! orig9als4 #bie4 ,,! ,,public ,,speak]4--,"o may speak ) ! greate/ appropriat5ess1 & yet s t ev]ybody cries out to ! contr>y1--t is to say1 :5 "o does n speak to ev]ybody4 #bif4 ,,want ,,( ,,confid5ce4--,want ( confid5ce among fri5ds is a fault t _c be c5sur$ )\t becom+ incurable4 #big4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,giv+4--,to h to refuse a gift1 m]ely because x has n be5 (f]$ 9 ! "r way1 provokes animosity aga9/ ! giv]4 #bih4 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,dang]\s ,,p>tisan4--,9 e p>ty !re is "o :o1 by 8 f> too dogmatic expression ( ! p>ty-pr9ciples1 excites defection among ! o!rs4 #bii4 ,,advis]s ,,( ,,! ,,sick4--,:oev] gives advice to a sick p]son acquires a feel+ ( sup]iority ov] him1 :e!r ! advice be accept$ or reject$4 ,h5ce pr\d & s5sitive sick p]sons hate advis]s m ?an _! sickness4 #cjj4 ,,d\ble ,,nature ,,( ,,equality4--,! rage = equality may s manife/ itself t we seek ei!r to draw all o!rs d[n to ourselves 7by belittl+1 disreg>d+1 & tripp+ up71 or ourselves & all o!rs upw>ds 7by recognition1 assi/ance1 & congratulation74 #cja4 ,,aga9/ ,,emb>rassm5t4--,! be/ way to relieve & calm v emb>rass$ p is to give !m decid$ praise4 #cjb4 ,,pref]5ce ,,= ,,c]ta9 ,,virtues4--,we set no special value on ! possession ( a virtue until we p]ceive t x is entirely lack+ 9 our adv]s>y4 #cjc4 ,,:y ,,we ,,contradict4--,we (t5 contradict an op9ion :5 x is really only ! tone 9 :i* x is express$ t is unsympa!tic to u4 #cjd4 ,,confid5ce ,,& ,,intimacy4--,:oev] proposes to comm& ! intimacy ( a p]son is usually unc]ta9 ( possess+ 8 confid5ce4 ,:oev] is sure ( a p]son's confid5ce atta*es little value to intimacy ) him4 #cje4 ,,! ,,equilibrium ,,( ,,fri5d%ip4--,! "r equilibrium ( fri5d%ip 9 our relation to o!r m5 is sometimes re/or$ :5 we put a few gra9s ( wrong on our own side ( ! scales4 #cjf4 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,dang]\s ,,physicians4--,! mo/ dang]\s physicians are ^? :o1 l born actors1 imitate ! born physician ) ! p]fect art ( impo/ure4 #cjg4 ,,:5 ,,p>adoxes ,,are ,,p]missible4--,9 ord] to int]e/ clev] p]sons 9 a !ory1 x is sometimes only necess>y to put x be=e !m 9 ! =m ( a prodigi\s p>adox4 #cjh4 ,,h[ ,,c\rage\s ,,p ,,are ,,won ,,ov]4--,c\rage\s p are p]suad$ to a c\rse ( action by repres5t+ x z m dang]\s ?an x really is4 #cji4 ,,c\rtesies4--,we reg>d ! c\rtesies %[ u by unpopul> p]sons z (f5ces4 #caj4 ,,keep+ ,,p ,,wait+4--,a sure way ( exasp]at+ p & ( putt+ bad ?\ghts into _! heads is to keep !m wait+ long4 ,t makes !m immoral4 #caa4 ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,confid5tial4--,p]sons :o give u _! full confid5ce ?9k !y hay !reby a "r to ours4 ,t is a mi/ake p acquire no rights ?r\gh gifts4 #cab4 ,a ,,mode ,,( ,,settlem5t4--,x (t5 suffices to give a p]son :om we h injur$ an opportunity to make a joke ab\t u to give him p]sonal satisfaction1 & ev5 to make him fav\rably dispos$ to u4 #cac4 ,,! ,,vanity ,,( ,,! ,,tongue4--,:e!r man conceals 8 bad qualities & vices1 or frankly ackn[l$ges !m1 8 vanity 9 ei!r case seeks its advantage !reby1--only let x be obs]v$ h[ nicely he di/+ui%es ^? f :om he conceals su* qualities f ^? ) :om he is frank & hone/4 #cad4 ,,consid]ate4--,to h no wi% to (f5d or injure any "o may z well be ! sign ( a j z ( a timid nature4 #cae4 ,,requisite ,,= ,,disputation4--,he :o _c put 8 ?\ghts on ice %\ld n ent] into ! heat ( dispute4 #caf4 ,,int]c\rse ,,& ,,pret5sion4--,we =get our pret5sions :5 we are always consci\s ( be+ among/ m]itori\s p2 be+ alone implants presumption 9 u4 ,! "y are pret5ti\s1 = !y associate ) _! equals1 :o are all ciph]s b w\ld fa9 h a great significance4 #cag4 ,,motives ,,( ,,an ,,attack4--,"o does n attack a p]son m]ely to hurt & conqu] him1 b p]haps m]ely to become consci\s ( "o's own /r5g?4 #cah4 ,,flatt]y4--,p]sons :o try by means ( flatt]y to put u (f our gu>d 9 int]c\rse ) !m1 employ a dang]\s exp$i5t1 l a sleep+-draught1 :i*1 :5 x does n s5d ! pati5t to sleep1 keeps him all ! wid] awake4 #cai4 ,a ,,good ,,lett]-,,writ]4--,a p]son :o does n write books1 ?9ks mu*1 & lives 9 unsatisfy+ society1 w usually be a good lett]-writ]4 #cbj4 ,,! ,,uglie/ ,,( ,,all4--,x may be d\bt$ :e!r a p]son :o has travell$ mu* has f\nd any:]e 9 ! _w ugli] places ?an ^? to be met ) 9 ! human face4 #cba4 ,,! ,,sympa!tic ,,ones4--,sympa!tic natures1 ev] ready to help 9 mis=tune1 are seldom ^? t p>ticipate 9 joy2 9 ! happ9ess ( o!rs !y h no?+ to occupy !m1 !y are sup]flu\s1 !y d n feel !mselves 9 possession ( _! sup]iority1 & h5ce readily %[ _! displeasure4 #cbb4 ,,! ,,relatives ,,( ,a ,,suicide4--,! relatives ( a suicide take x 9 ill "p t he did n rema9 alive out ( consid]ation = _! reputation4 #cbc4 ,,+ratitude ,,=ese54--,he :o makes a l>ge gift gets no gratitude2 = ! recipi5t is already ov]burd5$ by ! acceptance ( ! gift4 #cbd4 ,,9 ,,dull ,,society4--,nobody ?anks a witty man = polit5ess :5 he puts himself on a p> ) a society 9 :i* x w\ld n be polite to %[ "o's wit4 #cbe4 ,,! ,,pres5ce ,,( ,,witnesses4--,we are d\bly will+ to jump into ! wat] aft] "s "o :o has fall5 91 if !re are p pres5t :o h n ! c\rage to d s4 #cbf4 ,,be+ ,,sil5t4--,= bo? p>ties 9 a controv]sy1 ! mo/ disagreeable way ( retaliat+ is to be vex$ & sil5t2 = ! aggressor usually reg>ds ! sil5ce z a sign ( contempt4 #cbg4 ,,fri5ds' ,,secrets4--,few p w n expose ! private affairs ( _! fri5ds :5 at a loss = a subject ( conv]sation4 #cbh4 ,,humanity4--,! humanity ( intellectual celebrities consi/s 9 c\rte\sly submitt+ to unfairness 9 int]c\rse ) ^? :o are ,i n celebrat$4 #cbi4 ,,! ,,emb>rass$4--,p :o d n feel sure ( !mselves 9 society seize e opportunity ( publicly %[+ _! sup]iority to close fri5ds1 = in/ance by teas+ !m4 #ccj4 ,,?anks4--,a ref9$ nature is vex$ by kn[+ t "s "o owes x ?anks1 a co>se nature by kn[+ t x owes ?anks to "s "o4 #cca4 ,a ,,sign ,,( ,,e/rangem5t4--,! sure/ sign ( ! e/rangem5t ( ! op9ions ( two p]sons is :5 !y bo? say some?+ ironical to ea* o!r & nei!r ( !m feels ! irony4 #ccb4 ,,presumption ,,9 ,,connection ,,) ,,m]it4--,presumption 9 connection ) m]it (f5ds u ev5 m ?an presumption 9 p]sons devoid ( m]it1 = m]it 9 itself (f5ds u4 #ccc4 ,,dang] ,,9 ,,! ,,voice4--,9 conv]sation we are sometimes confus$ by ! tone ( our own voice1 & misl$ to make ass]tions t d n at all correspond to our op9ions4 #ccd4 ,,9 ,,conv]sation4--,:e!r 9 conv]sation ) o!rs we mo/ly agree or mo/ly disagree ) !m is a matt] ( habit2 !re is s5se 9 bo? cases4 #cce4 ,,fe> ,,( ,,our ,,neighb\r4--,we are afraid ( ! animosity ( our neighb\r1 because we are appreh5sive t he may !reby discov] our secrets4 #ccf4 ,,di/+ui%+ ,,by ,,blam+4--,highly respect$ p]sons di/ribute ev5 _! blame 9 su* fa%ion t !y try to di/+ui% u !re)4 ,x is int5d$ to rem9d u ( _! s]i\s int]e/ 9 u4 ,we misund]/& !m entirely :5 we take _! blame lit]ally & prote/ aga9/ x2 we !reby (f5d !m & e/range ourselves f !m4 #ccg4 ,,indignation ,,at ,,! ,,goodwill ,,( ,,o!rs4--,we are mi/ak5 z to ! ext5t to :i* we ?9k we are hat$ or fe>$2 because1' ?\gh we ourselves "k v well ! ext5t ( our div]g5ce f a p]son1 t5d5cy1 or p>ty1 ^? o!rs "k u only sup]ficially1 & c1 !re=e1 only hate u sup]ficially4 ,we (t5 meet ) goodwill :i* is inexplicable to u2 b :5 we compreh5d x1 x %ocks u1 because x %[s t we are n consid]$ ) suffici5t ,s]i\sness or importance4 #cch4 ,,?w>t+ ,,vanities4--,:5 two p]sons meet ^: vanity is equally great1 !y h aft]w>ds a bad impression ( ea* o!r because ea* has be5 s occupi$ ) ! impression he wi%$ to produce on ! o!r t ! o!r has made no impression ^u him2 at la/ x becomes cle> to !m bo? t _! ef=ts h be5 9 va91 & ea* puts ! blame on ! o!r4 #cci4 ,,improp] ,,behavi\r ,,z ,a ,,good ,,sign4--,a sup]ior m9d takes pleasure 9 ! tactlessness1 pret5ti\sness1 & ev5 ho/ility ( ambiti\s y\?s2 x is ! vici\s habit ( fi]y horses :i* h n yet c>ri$ a rid]1 b1 9 a %ort "t1 w be s pr\d to c>ry "o4 #cdj4 ,,:5 ,,x ,,is ,,advisable ,,to ,,suff] ,,wrong4--,x is well to put up ) accusations )\t refutation1 ev5 :5 !y injure u1 :5 ! accus] w\ld see a /ill great] fault on our "p if we contradict$ & p]haps ev5 refut$ him4 ,9 ?is way1 c]ta9ly1 a p]son may always be wrong$ & always h "r on 8 side1 & may ev5tually1 ) ! be/ consci5ce 9 ! _w1 become ! mo/ intol]able tyrant & torm5tor2 & :at happ5s 9 ! individual may also take place 9 :ole classes ( society4 #cda4 ,too ,,little ,,hon\r$4--,v conceit$ p]sons1 :o h receiv$ less consid]ation ?an !y expect$1 attempt = a long "t to deceive !mselves & o!rs ) reg>d to x1 & become subtle psy*ologi/s 9 ord] to make out t !y h be5 amply hon\r$4 ,%\ld !y n atta9 _! aim1 %\ld ! veil ( deception be torn1 !y give way to all ! great] fury4 #cdb4 ,,primitive ,,conditions ,,re--,,e*o+ ,,9 ,,spee*4--,by ! mann] 9 :i* p make ass]tions 9 _! int]c\rse we (t5 recognise an e*o ( ! times :5 !y 7 m conv]sant ) weapons ?an any?+ else2 sometimes !y h&le _! ass]tions l %>p-%oot]s us+ _! arms1 sometimes we ?9k we he> ! :izz & cla% ( swords1 & ) "s m5 an ass]tion cra%es d[n l a /\t cudgel4 ,wom51 on ! contr>y1 speak l be+s :o = ?\s&s ( ye>s h sat at ! loom1 pli$ ! ne$le1 or play$ ! *ild ) *ildr54 #cdc4 ,,! ,,n>rator4--,he :o gives an acc\nt ( some?+ readily betrays :e!r x is because ! fact int]e/s him1 or because he wi%es to excite int]e/ by ! n>ration4 ,9 ! latt] case he w exagg]ate1 employ sup]latives1 & su* l4 ,he !n does n usually tell 8 /ory s well1 because he does n ?9k s mu* ab\t 8 subject z ab\t himself4 #cdd4 ,,! ,,recit]4--,he :o recites dramatic works makes discov]ies ab\t 8 own "*2 he f9ds 8 voice m natural 9 c]ta9 moods & sc5es ?an 9 o!rs1 say 9 ! pa!tic or 9 ! scurril\s1 :ile 9 ord9>y life1 p]haps1 he has n _h ! opportunity to exhibit pa?os or scurrility4 #cde4 ,a ,,com$y ,,sc5e ,,9 ,,real ,,life4--,"s "o conceives an +5i\s idea on a !me 9 ord] to express x 9 society4 ,n[ 9 a com$y we %\ld he> & see h[ he sets all sail = t po9t1 & tries to l& ! company at ! place :]e he c make 8 rem>k1 h[ he cont9u\sly pu%es ! conv]sation t[>ds ! "o goal1 sometimes los+ ! way1 f9d+ x aga91 & f9ally arriv+ at ! mom5t3 he is almo/ brea?less--& !n "o ( ! company takes ! rem>k itself out ( 8 m\?6 ,:at w he d8 ,oppose 8 own op9ion8 #cdf4 ,,un9t5tionally ,,disc\rte\s4--,:5 a p]son treats ano!r ) un9t5tional disc\rtesy1--= in/ance1 n greet+ him because n recognis+ him1--he is vex$ by x1 al?\gh he _c reproa* 8 own s5tim5ts2 he is hurt by ! bad op9ion :i* he has produc$ 9 ! o!r p]son1 or fe>s ! consequ5ces ( 8 bad hum\r1 or is pa9$ by ! ?\ght ( hav+ injur$ him1--vanity1 fe>1 or pity may !re=e be ar\s$2 p]haps all ?ree toge!r4 #cdg4 ,a ,,ma/]piece ,,( ,,trea*]y4--,to express a tantalis+ di/ru/ ( a fell[-conspirator1 le/ he %\ld betray "o1 & ?is at ! v mom5t :5 "o is practis+ trea*]y "o's self1 is a ma/]piece ( wick$ness2 because x absorbs ! o!r's att5tion & compels him = a "t to act v unsuspici\sly & op5ly1 s t ! real traitor has ?us acquir$ a free h&4 #cdh4 ,to ,,injure ,,& ,,to ,,be ,,injur$4--,x is f> pleasant] to injure & aft]w>ds beg = =giv5ess ?an to be injur$ & grant =giv5ess4 ,he :o does ! =m] gives evid5ce ( p[] & aft]w>ds ( k9dness ( "*4 ,! p]son injur$1 h[ev]1 if he does n wi% to be consid]$ inhuman1 mu/ =give2 8 enjoym5t ( ! o!r's humiliation is insignificant on acc\nt ( ?is con/ra9t4 #cdi4 ,,9 ,a ,,dispute4--,:5 we contradict ano!r's op9ion & at ! same "t develop our own1 ! con/ant consid]ation ( ! o!r op9ion usually di/urbs ! natural attitude ( our own :i* appe>s m int5tional1 m di/9ct1 & p]haps some:at exagg]at$4 #cej4 ,,an ,,artifice4--,he :o wants to get ano!r to d some?+ difficult mu/ on no acc\nt treat ! matt] z a problem1 b mu/ set =? 8 plan pla9ly z ! only "o possible2 & :5 ! adv]s>y's eye betrays objection & opposition he mu/ und]/& h[ to break (f quickly1 & all[ him no "t to put 9 a ^w4 #cea4 ,,pricks ,,( ,,consci5ce ,,aft] ,,social ,,ga!r+s4--,:y does our consci5ce prick u aft] ord9>y social ga!r+s8 ,because we h treat$ s]i\s ?+s lightly1 because 9 talk+ ( p]sons we h n spok5 q ju/ly or h be5 sil5t :5 we %\ld h spok51 because1 sometimes1 we h n jump$ up & run away1--9 %ort1 because we h behav$ 9 society z if we belong$ to x4 #ceb4 ,,we ,,are ,,misjudg$4--,he :o always li/5s to he> h[ he is judg$ is always vex$4 ,= we are misjudg$ ev5 by ^? :o are ne>e/ to u 7:o "k u be/74 ,ev5 good fri5ds sometimes v5t _! ill-hum\r 9 a spiteful ^w2 & w\ld !y be our fri5ds if !y knew u rightly8 ,! judgm5ts ( ! indiff]5t w\nd u deeply1 because !y s\nd s imp>tial1 s objective almo/4 ,b :5 we see t "s "o ho/ile to u kn[s u 9 a conceal$ po9t z well z we "k ourselves1 h[ great is !n our vexation6 #cec4 ,,! ,,tyranny ,,( ,,! ,,portrait4--,arti/s & /atesm51 :o out ( p>ticul> features quickly con/ruct ! :ole picture ( a man or an ev5t1 are mo/ly unju/ 9 dem&+ t ! ev5t or p]son %\ld aft]w>ds be actually z !y h pa9t$ x2 !y dem& /raightway t a man %\ld be j z gift$1 cunn+1 & unju/ z he is 9 _! repres5tation ( him4 #ced4 ,,relatives ,,z ,,! ,,be/ ,,fri5ds4--,! ,greeks1 :o knew s well :at a fri5d 01 !y alone ( all peoples h a pr(\nd & l>gely philosophical discussion ( fri5d%ip2 s t x is by !m fir/ly 7& z yet la/ly7 t ! problem ( ! fri5d has be5 recognis$ z wor?y ( solution1--^! same ,greeks h designat$ relatives by an expression :i* is ! sup]lative ( ! ^w fri5d4 ,?is is inexplicable to me4 #cee4 ,,misund]/ood ,,hone/y4--,:5 any "o quotes himself 9 conv]sation 7,i !n said1 ,i am accu/om$ to say71 x gives ! impression ( presumption2 :]eas x (t5 proce$s f q an opposite s\rce2 or at lea/ f hone/y1 :i* does n wi% to deck & adorn ! pres5t mom5t ) wit :i* belongs to an e>li] mom5t4 #cef4 ,,! ,,p>asite4--,x d5otes entire abs5ce ( a noble disposition :5 a p]son pref]s to live 9 dep5d5ce at ! exp5se ( o!rs1 usually ) a secret bitt]ness aga9/ !m1 9 ord] only t he may n be oblig$ to "w4 ,su* a disposition is f> m frequ5t 9 wom5 ?an 9 m51 also f> m p>donable 7= hi/orical reasons74 #ceg4 ,,on ,,! ,,alt> ,,( ,,reconciliation4--,!re are circum/ances "u :i* "o c only ga9 a po9t f a p]son by w\nd+ him & becom+ ho/ile2 ! feel+ ( hav+ a foe torm5ts him s mu* t he gladly seizes ! fir/ indication ( a mild] disposition to effect a reconciliation1 & (f]s on ! alt> ( ?is reconciliation :at 0 =m]ly ( su* importance to him t he w\ld n give x up at any price4 #ceh4 ,,presumption ,,9 ,,dem&+ ,,pity4--,!re are p :o1 :5 !y h be5 9 a rage & h insult$ o!rs1 dem&1 fir/ly1 t x %all all be tak5 9 good "p2 &1 secondly1 t !y %all be piti$ because !y are subject to su* viol5t p>oxysms4 ,s f> does human presumption ext5d4 #cei4 ,,bait4--,e man has 8 price--t is n true4 ,b p]haps e "o c be f\nd a bait ( "o k9d or o!r at :i* he w snap4 ,?us1 9 ord] to ga9 "s support]s = a cause1 x is only necess>y to give x ! glam\r ( be+ philan?ropic1 noble1 *>itable1 & self-d5y+--& to :at cause c\ld ?is glam\r n be giv56 ,x is ! sweetmeat & da9ty ( _! s\l2 o!rs h diff]5t ones4 #cfj4 ,,! ,,attitude ,,9 ,,prais+4--,:5 good fri5ds praise a gift$ p]son he (t5 appe>s to be delight$ ) !m out ( polit5ess & goodwill1 b 9 reality he feels indiff]5t4 ,8 real nature is q unmov$ t[>ds !m1 & w n budge a /ep on t acc\nt out ( ! sun or %ade 9 :i* x lies2 b p wi% to please by praise1 & x w\ld grieve !m if "o did n rejoice :5 !y praise a p]son4 #cfa4 ,,! ,,exp]i5ce ,,( ,,socrates4--,if "o has become a ma/] 9 "o ?+1 "o has g5]ally rema9$1 precisely !reby1 a complete dunce 9 mo/ o!r ?+s2 b "o =ms ! v rev]se op9ion1 z 0 already exp]i5c$ by ,socrates4 ,?is is ! annoyance :i* makes association ) ma/]s disagreeable4 #cfb4 ,a ,,means ,,( ,,def5ce4--,9 w>r+ aga9/ /upidity1 ! mo/ j & g5tle ( m5 at la/ become brutal4 ,!y are !reby1 p]haps1 tak+ ! prop] c\rse = def5ce2 = ! mo/ appropriate argum5t = a /upid bra9 is ! cl5*$ fi/4 ,b because1 z has be5 said1 _! "* is j & g5tle1 !y suff] m by ?is means ( protection ?an !y injure _! oppon5ts by x4 #cfc4 ,,curiosity4--,if curiosity did n exi/1 v little w\ld be done = ! good ( our neighb\r4 ,b curiosity creeps into ! h\ses ( ! un=tunate & ! ne$y "u ! "n ( duty or ( pity4 ,p]haps !re is a good deal ( curiosity ev5 9 ! mu*-vaunt$ mat]nal love4 #cfd4 ,,disappo9tm5t ,,9 ,,society4--,"o man wi%es to be int]e/+ = 8 op9ions1 ano!r = 8 likes & dislikes1 a ?ird = 8 acqua9tances1 & a f\r? = 8 solit>9ess--& !y all meet ) disappo9tm5t4 ,= he be=e :om ! play is p]=m$ ?9ks himself ! only play t is to be tak5 into acc\nt4 #cfe4 ,,! ,,duel4--,x may be said 9 fav\r ( duels & all affairs ( hon\r t if a man has su* susceptible feel+s t he does n c>e to live :5 ,s-&-s says or ?9ks ?is or t ab\t him2 he has a "r to make x a "q ( ! dea? ( ! "o or ! o!r4 ,) reg>d to ! fact t he is s susceptible1 x is n at all to be remon/rat$ )1 9 t matt] we are ! heirs ( ! pa/1 ( its greatness z well z ( its exagg]ations1 )\t :i* no greatness ev] exi/$4 ,s :5 !re exi/s a code ( hon\r :i* lets blood /& 9 place ( dea?1 s t ! m9d is reliev$ aft] a regul> duel x is a great bless+1 because o!rwise _m human lives w\ld be 9 dang]4 ,su* an in/itution1 moreov]1 tea*es m5 to be cauti\s 9 _! utt]ances & makes int]c\rse ) !m possible4 #cff4 ,,nobl5ess ,,& ,,gratitude4--,a noble s\l w be pleas$ to owe gratitude1 & w n anxi\sly avoid opportunities ( com+ "u obligation2 x w also be mod]ate aft]w>ds 9 ! expression ( its gratitude3 bas] s\ls1 on ! o!r h&1 are unwill+ to be "u any obligation1 or are aft]w>ds immod]ate 9 _! expressions ( ?anks & altoge!r too devot$4 ,! latt] is1 moreov]1 also ! case ) p]sons ( mean orig9 or depress$ circum/ances2 to %[ !m a fav\r seems to !m a miracle ( grace4 #cfg4 ,,occasions ,,( ,,eloqu5ce4--,9 ord] to talk well "o man ne$s a p]son :o is decid$ly & av[$ly 8 sup]ior to talk to1 :ile ano!r c only f9d absolute fre$om ( spee* & happy turns ( eloqu5ce be=e "o :o is 8 inf]ior4 ,9 bo? cases ! cause is ! same2 ea* ( !m talks well only :5 he talks sans gne--! "o because 9 ! pres5ce ( some?+ high] he does n feel ! impulse ( rivalry & competition1 ! o!r because he also lacks ! same impulse 9 ! pres5ce ( some?+ l[]4 ,n[ !re is q ano!r type ( m51 :o talk well only :5 debat+1 ) ! int5tion ( conqu]+4 ,:i* ( ! two types is ! m aspir+3 ! "o t talks well f excit$ ambition1 or ! "o t talks badly or n at all f precisely ! same motive8 #cfh4 ,,! ,,tal5t ,,= ,,fri5d%ip4--,two types are di/+ui%$ among/ p :o h a special faculty = fri5d%ip4 ,! "o is ev] on ! asc5t1 & = e phase ( 8 developm5t he f9ds a fri5d exactly suit$ to him4 ,! s]ies ( fri5ds :i* he ?us acquires is seldom a consi/5t "o1 & is sometimes at v>iance & 9 contradiction1 entirely 9 accordance ) ! fact t ! lat] phases ( 8 developm5t neutralise or prejudice ! e>li] phases4 ,su* a man may je/+ly be call$ a ladd]4 ,! o!r type is repres5t$ by him :o ex]cises an attractive influ5ce on v diff]5t *>act]s & end[m5ts1 s t he w9s a :ole circle ( fri5ds2 ^!1 h[ev]1 are !reby br\ght volunt>ily into fri5dly relations ) "o ano!r 9 spite ( all diff]5ces4 ,su* a man may be call$ a circle1 = ?is homog5e\sness ( su* diff]5t temp]am5ts & natures mu/ someh[ be typifi$ 9 him4 ,fur!rmore1 ! faculty = hav+ good fri5ds is great] 9 _m p ?an ! faculty = be+ a good fri5d4 #cfi4 ,,tactics ,,9 ,,conv]sation4--,aft] a conv]sation ) a p]son "o is be/ pleas$ ) him ,i :5 "o has _h an opportunity ( exhibit+ "o's intellig5ce & amiability 9 all its glory4 ,%rewd p :o wi% to impress a p]son fav\rably make use ( ?is circum/ance1 !y provide him ) ! be/ opportunities = mak+ a good ,i joke1 & s on 9 conv]sation4 ,an amus+ conv]sation might be imag9$ betwe5 two v %rewd p]sons1 ea* wi%+ to impress ! o!r fav\rably1 & !re=e ea* ?r[+ to ! o!r ! f9e/ *ances 9 conv]sation1 :i* nei!r ( !m accept$1 s t ! conv]sation on ! :ole might turn out spiritless & unattractive because ea* assign$ to ! o!r ! opportunity ( be+ witty & *>m+4 #cgj4 ,,dis*>ge ,,( ,,indignation4--,! man :o meets ) a failure attributes ?is failure r to ! ill-w ( ano!r ?an to fate4 ,8 irritat$ feel+s are alleviat$ by ?9k+ t a p]son & n a ?+ is ! cause ( 8 failure2 = he c rev5ge himself on p]sons1 b is oblig$ to swall[ d[n ! injuries ( fate4 ,!re=e :5 any?+ has misc>ri$ ) a pr9ce1 ^? ab\t him are accu/om$ to po9t out "s individual z ! o/5sible cause1 :o is sacrific$ 9 ! int]e/s ( all ! c\rti]s2 = o!rwise ! pr9ce's indignation w\ld v5t itself on !m all1 z he c take no rev5ge on ! ,goddess ( ,de/9y h]self4 #cga4 ,,assum+ ,,! ,,col\rs ,,( ,,! ,,environm5t4--,:y are likes & dislikes s contagi\s t we c h>dly live ne> a v s5sitive p]son )\t be+ fill$1 l a hog%ead1 ) 8 =s & aga9/s8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 complete =be>ance ( judgm5t is v difficult1 & sometimes absolutely intol]able to our vanity2 x has ! same appe>ance z pov]ty ( ?\ght & s5tim5t1 or z timidity & unmanl9ess2 & s we are1 at lea/1 driv5 on to take a side1 p]haps contr>y to our environm5t1 if ?is attitude gives great] pleasure to our pride4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1--& ?is is ! second po9t1--we are n consci\s ( ! transition f indiff]5ce to lik+ or dislik+1 b we gradually accu/om ourselves to ! s5tim5ts ( our environm5t1 & because sympa!tic agreem5t & acquiesc5ce are s agreeable1 we soon we> all ! signs & p>ty-col\rs ( our surr\nd+s4 #cgb4 ,,irony4--,irony is only p]missible z a p$agogic exp$i5t1 on ! "p ( a tea*] :5 deal+ ) 8 pupils2 its purpose is to humble & to %ame1 b 9 ! :olesome way t causes good resolutions to spr+ up & tea*es p to %[ hon\r & gratitude1 z !y w\ld to a doctor1 to him :o has s treat$ !m4 ,! ironical man pret5ds to be ignorant1 & does x s well t ! pupils conv]s+ ) him are deceiv$1 & 9 _! firm belief 9 _! own sup]ior k !y gr[ bold & expose all _! weak po9ts2 !y lose _! cauti\sness & reveal !mselves z !y are1--until all ( a sudd5 ! light :i* !y h held up to ! tea*]'s face ca/s its rays back v humiliat+ly ^u !mselves4 ,:]e su* a relation1 z t betwe5 tea*] & pupil1 does n exi/1 irony is a rud5ess & a vulg> conceit4 ,all ironical writ]s c\nt on ! silly species ( human be+s1 :o l to feel ,i!mselves sup]ior to all o!rs 9 common ) ! au?or himself1 :om !y look ^u z ! 8m\?piece ( _! arrogance4 ,moreov]1 ! habit ( irony1 l t ( s>casm1 spoils ! "*2 lit gradually fo/]s ! quality ( a malici\s sup]iority2 "o f9ally gr[s l a snappy dog1 t has le>nt to laugh z well z to bite4 #cgc4 ,,arrogance4--,!re is no?+ "o %\ld s gu>d aga9/ z ! gr[? ( ! we$ call$ arrogance1 :i* spoils all "o's good h>ve/2 = !re is arrogance 9 cordiality1 9 %[+ hon\r1 9 k9dly famili>ity1 9 c>ess+1 9 fri5dly c\nsel1 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( faults1 9 sympa?y = o!rs1--& all ^! f9e ?+s ar\se av]sion :5 ! we$ 9 "q gr[s up among !m4 ,! arrogant man--t is to say1 he :o desires to appe> m ?an he is or passes =--always miscalculates4 ,x is true t he obta9s a mom5t>y success1 inasmu* z ^? ) :om he is' arrogant g5]ally give him ! am\nt ( hon\r t he dem&s1 ow+ to fe> or = ! sake ( conv5i5ce2 b !y take a bad rev5ge = x1 inasmu* z !y subtract f ! value :i* !y hi!rto atta*$ to him j z mu* z he dem&s above t am\nt4 ,!re is no?+ = :i* m5 ask to be paid de>] ?an = humiliation4 ,! arrogant man c make 8 really great m]it s suspici\s & small 9 ! eyes ( o!rs t !y tread on x ) du/y feet4 ,if at all1 we %\ld only all[ ourselves a pr\d mann] :]e we are q sure ( n be+ misund]/ood & consid]$ z arrogant2 z1 = in/ance1 ) fri5ds & wives4 ,= 9 social int]c\rse !re is no great] folly ?an to acquire a reputation = arrogance2 x is /ill worse ?an n hav+ le>nt to deceive politely4 #cgd4 ,t,,te--,t,,te--,private conv]sation is ! p]fect conv]sation1 because ev]y?+ ! "o' p]son says receives its p>ticul> col\r+1 its tone1 & its accompany+ ge/ures out ( /rict consid]ation = ! o!r p]son engag$ 9 ! conv]sation1 x !re=e corresponds to :at takes place 9 int]c\rse by lett]1 viz41 t "o & ! same p]son exhibits t5 k9ds ( psy*ical expression1 accord+ z he writes n[ to ?is individual & n[ to t "o4 ,9 duologue !re is only a s+le refraction ( ?\ght2 ! p]son conv]s$ ) produces x1 z ! mirror 9 :om we want to behold our ?\ghts anew 9 _! f9e/ =m4 ,b h[ is x :5 !re are two or ?ree1 or ev5 m p]sons conv]s+ ) "o8 ,conv]sation !n necess>ily loses some?+ ( its individualis+ subtlety1 diff]5t consid]ations ?w>t & neutralise ea* o!r2 ! /yle :i* pleases "o does n suit ! ta/e ( ano!r4 ,9 int]c\rse ) sev]al individuals a p]son is !re=e to )draw )9 himself & repres5t facts z !y are2 b he has also to remove f ! subjects ! pulsat+ e!r ( humanity :i* makes conv]sation "o ( ! pleasante/ ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,li/5 only to ! tone 9 :i* ^? :o m+le ) :ole gr\ps ( m5 are 9 ! habit ( speak+2 x is z if ! fundam5tal base ( all spee* 71 ,x is myself2 ,i say ?is1 s make :at y w ( x6 ,t is ! reason :y clev] ladies usually leave a s+ul>1 pa9ful1 & =bidd+ impression on ^? :o h met !m 9 society2 x is ! talk+ to _m p1 be=e _m p1 t robs !m ( all intellectual amiability & %[s only _! consci\s dep5d5ce on !mselves1 _! tactics1 & _! int5tion ( ga9+ a public victory 9 full light2 :il/ 9 a private conv]sation ! same ladies become womanly aga91 & recov] _! intellectual grace & *>m4 #cge4 ,,po/hum\s ,,fame4--,!re is s5se 9 hop+ = recognition 9 a di/ant future only :5 we take x = grant$ t mank9d w rema9 ess5tially un*ang$1 & t :atev] is great is n = "o age only b w be look$ ^u z great = all "t4 ,b ?is is an error4 ,9 all _! s5tim5ts & judgm5ts conc]n+ :at is good & beautiful mank9d h greatly *ang$2 x is m]e fantasy to imag9e "o's self to be a mile ahead1 & t ! :ole ( mank9d is com+ our way4 ,besides1 a s*ol> :o is misjudg$ may at pres5t reckon ) c]ta9ty t 8 discov]y w be made by o!rs1 & t1 at be/1 x w be all[$ to him lat] on by "s hi/orian t he also already knew ?is or t b 0 n 9 a position to secure ! recognition ( 8 k4 ,n to be recognis$1 is always int]pret$ by po/]ity z lack ( p[]4 ,9 %ort1 "o %\ld n s readily speak 9 fav\r ( haughty solitude4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 exceptional cases2 b x is *iefly our faults1 weakness1 & follies t h9d] ! recognition ( our great qualities4 #cgf4 ,,( ,,fri5ds4--,j consid] ) ?yself h[ diff]5t are ! feel+s1 h[ divid$ are ! op9ions ( ev5 ! ne>e/ acqua9tances2 h[ ev5 ! same op9ions 9 ?y fri5d's m9d h q a diff]5t aspect & /r5g? f :at !y h 9 ?9e own2 & h[ manifold are ! occasions :i* arise = misund]/&+ & ho/ile sev]ance4 ,aft] all ?is ?\ wilt say to ?yself1 ,h[ insecure is ! gr\nd ^u :i* all our alliances & fri5d%ips re/1 h[ liable to cold d[np\rs & bad wea!r1 h[ lonely is e creature6 ,:5 a p]son recognises ?is fact1 &1 9 addition1 t all op9ions & ! nature & /r5g? ( !m 9 8 fell[-m5 are j z necess>y & irresponsible z _! actions2 :5 8 eye le>ns to see ?is int]nal necessity ( op9ions1 ow+ to ! indissoluble int]weav+ ( "*1 occupation1 tal5t1 & environm5t1--he w p]haps get rid ( ! bitt]ness & %>pness ( ! feel+ ) :i* ! sage exclaim$1 ,fri5ds1 !re are no fri5ds6 ,mu* r w he make ! confession to himself3--,yes1 !re are fri5ds1 b !y 7 drawn t[>ds !e by error & deception conc]n+ ?y "*2 & !y mu/ h le>nt to be sil5t 9 ord] to rema9 ?y fri5ds2 = su* human relation%ips almo/ always re/ on ! fact t "s few ?+s are nev] said1 are nev]1 inde$1 allud$ to2 b if ^! pebbles are set roll+ fri5d%ip foll[s aft]w>ds & is brok54 ,are !re any :o w\ld n be mortally injur$ if !y 7 to le>n :at _! mo/ intimate fri5ds really knew ab\t !m8 ,by gett+ a k ( ourselves1 & by look+ ^u our nature z a *ang+ sph]e ( op9ions & moods1 & !reby le>n+ to despise ourselves a little1 we recov] once m our equilibrium ) ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,x is true t we h good reason to despise ea* ( our acqua9tances1 ev5 ! greate/ ( !m2 b j z good reason to turn ?is feel+ aga9/ ourselves4 ,& s we w be> ) ea* o!r1 s9ce we be> ) ourselves2 & p]haps !re w come to ea* a happi] h\r1 :5 he w exclaim3 ,fri5ds1 !re are really no fri5ds6 ?us cri$ ?' expir+ old sophi/2 ,foes1 !re is really no foe6--?us %\t ,i1 ! inc>nate fool4 ,,sev5? ,,division4 ,,wife ,,& ,,*ild4 #cgg4 ,,! ,,p]fect ,,woman4--,! p]fect woman is a high] type ( humanity ?an ! p]fect man1 & also some?+ mu* r>]4 ,! natural hi/ory ( animals furni%es gr\nds 9 support ( ?is !ory4 #cgh4 ,,fri5d%ip ,,& ,,m>riage4--,! be/ fri5d w probably get ! be/ wife1 because a good m>riage is bas$ on tal5t = fri5d%ip4 #cgi4 ,,! ,,survival ,,( ,,! ,,p>5ts4--,! undissolv$ dissonances 9 ! relation ( ! "* & s5tim5ts ( ! p>5ts survive 9 ! nature ( ! *ild & make up ! hi/ory ( its inn] suff]+s4 #chj4 ,,inh]it$ ,,f ,,! ,,"m4--,e "o be>s )9 him an image ( woman1 inh]it$ f 8 "m3 x det]m9es 8 attitude t[>ds wom5 z a :ole1 :e!r to hon\r1 despise1 or rema9 g5]ally indiff]5t to !m4 #cha4 ,,correct+ ,,nature4--,:oev] has n got a good fa!r %\ld procure "o4 #chb4 ,,fa!rs ,,& ,,sons4--,fa!rs h mu* to d to make am5ds = hav+ sons4 #chc4 ,,! ,,error ,,( ,,g5tlewom54--,g5tle-wom5 ?9k t a ?+ does n really exi/ :5 x is n possible to talk ( x 9 society4 #chd4 ,a ,,male ,,disease4--,! sure/ rem$y = ! male disease ( self-contempt is to be lov$ by a s5sible woman4 #che4 ,a ,,species ,,( ,,jeal\sy4--,mo!rs are readily jeal\s ( ! fri5ds ( sons :o are p>ticul>ly successful4 ,z a rule a "m loves h]self 9 h] son m ?an ! son4 #chf4 ,,rational ,,irrationality4--,9 ! maturity ( life & intellig5ce ! feel+ comes ov] a man t 8 fa!r did wrong 9 begett+ him4 #chg4 ,,mat]nal ,,excell5ce4--,"s mo!rs ne$ happy & hon\r$ *ildr51 "s ne$ unhappy ones1--o!rwise !y _c exhibit _! mat]nal excell5ce4 #chh4 ,,diff]5t ,,sighs4--,"s husb&s h sigh$ ov] ! elopem5t ( _! wives1 ! great] numb]1 h[ev]1 h sigh$ because nobody w\ld elope ) !irs4 #chi4 ,,love ,,mat*es4--,m>riages :i* are contract$ = love 7s-call$ love-mat*es7 h error = _! fa!r & ne$ 7necessity7 = _! "m4 #cij4 ,,wom5',s ,,fri5d%ips4--,wom5 c ent] into fri5d%ip ) a man p]fectly well2 b 9 ord] to ma9ta9 x ! aid ( a little physical antipa?y is p]haps requir$4 #cia4 ,,ennui4--,_m p1 especially wom51 nev] feel ennui because !y h nev] le>nt to "w prop]ly4 #cib4 ,,an ,,elem5t ,,( ,,love4--,9 all fem99e love some?+ ( mat]nal love also comes to light4 #cic4 ,,unity ,,( ,,place ,,& ,,drama4--,if m>ri$ c\ples did n live toge!r1 happy m>riages w\ld be m frequ5t4 #cid4 ,,! ,,usual ,,consequ5ces ,,( ,,m>riage4--,all int]c\rse :i* does n elevate a p]son1 debases him1 & vice v]sa2 h5ce m5 usually s9k a little :5 !y m>ry1 :ile wom5 are some:at elevat$4 ,ov]-intellectual m5 require m>riage 9 proportion z !y are oppos$ to x z to a repugnant m$ic9e4 #cie4 ,,le>n+ ,,to ,,comm&4--,*ildr5 ( unpret5ti\s families mu/ be taught to comm&1 j z mu* z o!r *ildr5 mu/ be taught to obey4 #cif4 ,,want+ ,,to ,,be ,,9 ,,love4--,betro!d c\ples :o h be5 mat*$ by conv5i5ce (t5 ex]t !mselves to fall 9 love1 to avoid ! reproa* ( cold1 calculat+ exp$i5cy4 ,9 ! same mann] ^? :o become conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity = _! advantage ex]t !mselves to become g5u9ely pi\s2 because ! religi\s ca/ ( c\nt5ance !n becomes easi] to !m4 #cig4 ,no ,,/&+ ,,/ill ,,9 ,,love4--,a musician :o loves ! sl[ tempo w play ! same pieces ev] m sl[ly4 ,!re is ?us no /&+ /ill 9 any love4 #cih4 ,,mode/y4--,wom5's mode/y usually increases ) _! beauty4#a #cii4 ,,m>riage ,,on ,a ,,good ,,basis4--,a m>riage 9 :i* ea* wi%es to realise an individual aim by means ( ! o!r w /& well2 = in/ance1 :5 ! woman wi%es to become fam\s ?r\gh ! man & ! man belov$ ?r\gh ! woman4 #djj4 ,,proteus-,,nature4--,?r\gh love wom5 actually become :at !y appe> to be 9 ! imag9ation ( _! lov]s4 #dja4 ,to ,,love ,,& ,,to ,,possess4--,z a rule wom5 love a di/+ui%$ man to ! ext5t t !y wi% to possess him exclusively4 ,!y w\ld gladly keep him "u lock & key1 if _! vanity did n =bid1 b vanity dem&s t he %\ld also appe> di/+ui%$ be=e o!rs4 #djb4 ,,! ,,te/ ,,( ,a ,,good ,,m>riage4--,! goodness ( a m>riage is prov$ by ! fact t x c /& an exception4 #djc4 ,,br++ ,,anyone ,,r\nd ,,to ,,any?+4--,"o may make any p]son s weak & we>y by disquietude1 anxiety1 & excess ( "w or ?\ght t he no long] resi/s any?+ t appe>s complicat$1 b gives way to x1--diplomati/s & wom5 "k ?is4 #djd4 ,,propriety ,,& ,,hone/y4--,^? girls :o mean to tru/ exclusively to _! y\?ful *>ms = _! provision 9 life1 & ^: cunn+ is fur!r prompt$ by worldly mo!rs1 h j ! same aims z c\rtesans1 only !y are wis] & less hone/4 #dje4 ,,masks4--,!re are wom5 :o1 :]ev] "o exam9es !m1 h no inside1 b are m]e masks4 ,a man is to be piti$ :o has connection ) su* almo/ spectre-l & necess>ily unsatisfactory creatures1 b x is precisely su* wom5 :o "k h[ to excite a man's desire mo/ /rongly2 he seeks = _! s\l1 & seeks ev]more4 #djf4 ,,m>riage ,,z ,a ,,long ,,talk4--,9 ent]+ on a m>riage "o %\ld ask "o's self ! "q1 ,d y ?9k y w pass y\r "t well ) ?is woman till y\r old age8 ,all else 9 m>riage is transitory2 talk1 h[ev]1 occupies mo/ ( ! "t ( ! association4 #djg4 ,,girli% ,,dreams4--,inexp]i5c$ girls flatt] !mselves ) ! notion t x is 9 _! p[] to make a man happy2 lat] on !y le>n t x is equival5t to und]rat+ a man to suppose t he ne$s only a girl to make him happy4 ,wom5's vanity requires a man to be some?+ m ?an m]ely a happy husb&4 #djh4 ,,! ,,dy+-,,out ,,( ,,fau/ ,,& ,,m>gu]ite4--,accord+ to ! v intellig5t rem>k ( a s*ol>1 ! educat$ m5 ( mod]n ,g]many resemble some:at a mixture ( ,mephi/opheles & ,wagn]1 b are n at all l ,fau/1 :om our gr&fa!rs 79 _! y\? at lea/7 felt agitat+ )9 !m4 ,to !m1 !re=e1--to cont9ue ! rem>k1--,m>gu]ites are n suit$1 = two reasons4 ,& because ! latt] are no long] desir$ !y seem to be dy+ out4 #dji4 ,,classical ,,education ,,= ,,girls4--,= goodness' sake let u n give our classical education to girls6 ,an education :i*1 out ( +5i\s1 inquisitive1 ard5t y\?s1 s frequ5tly makes--copies ( _! tea*]6 #daj4 ,,)\t ,,rivals4--,wom5 readily p]ceive 9 a man :e!r 8 s\l has already be5 tak5 possession (2 !y wi% to be lov$ )\t rivals1 & f9d fault ) ! objects ( 8 ambition1 8 political tasks1 8 sci5ces & arts1 if he h a passion = su* ?+s4 ,unless he be di/+ui%$ !reby1--!n1 9 ! case ( a love-relation%ip betwe5 !m1 wom5 look at ! same "t = an increase ( _! own di/9ction2 "u su* circum/ances1 !y fav\r ! lov]4 #daa4 ,,! ,,fem99e ,,intellect4--,! intellect ( wom5 manife/s itself z p]fect ma/]y1 pres5ce ( m9d1 & utilisation ( all advantages4 ,!y transmit x z a fundam5tal quality to _! *ildr51 & ! fa!r adds !reto ! d>k] backgr\nd ( ! w4 ,8 influ5ce det]m9es z x 7 ! rhy?m & h>mony ) :i* ! new life is to be p]=m$2 b its melody is d]iv$ f ! "m4 ,= ^? :o "k h[ to put a ?+ prop]ly3 wom5 h intellig5ce1 m5 h "* & passion4 ,?is does n contradict ! fact t m5 actually a*ieve s mu* m ) _! intellig5ce3 !y h deep] & m p[]ful impulses2 & x is ^! :i* c>ry _! und]/&+ 79 itself some?+ passive7 to su* an ext5t4 ,wom5 are (t5 sil5tly surpris$ at ! great respect m5 pay to _! "*4 ,:51 !re=e1 9 ! *oice ( a p>tn] m5 seek specially = a be+ ( deep & /rong "*1 & wom5 = a be+ ( intellig5ce1 brilliancy1 & pres5ce ( m9d1 x is pla9 t at bottom m5 seek = ! ideal man1 & wom5 = ! ideal woman1--consequ5tly n = ! complem5t b = ! completion ( _! own excell5ce4 #dab4 ,,hesiod',s ,,op9ion ,,confirm$4--,x is a sign ( wom5's wisdom t !y h almo/ always kn[n h[ to get !mselves support$1 l drones 9 a bee-hive4 ,let u j consid] :at ?is meant orig9ally1 & :y m5 d n dep5d ^u wom5 = _! support4 ,( a tru? x is because mascul9e vanity & rev]5ce are great] ?an fem99e wisdom2 = wom5 h kn[n h[ to secure = !mselves by _! subord9ation ! greate/ advantage1 9 fact1 ! upp] h&4 ,ev5 ! c>e ( *ildr5 may orig9ally h be5 us$ by ! wisdom ( wom5 z an excuse = )draw+ !mselves z mu* z possible f "w4 ,& at pres5t !y /ill und]/& :5 !y are really active 7z h\se-keep]s1 = in/ance7 h[ to make a bewild]+ fuss ab\t x1 s t ! m]it ( _! activity is usually t5 times ov]-e/imat$ by m54 #dac4 ,,lov]s ,,z ,,%ort-,,sight$ ,,p4--,a pair ( p[]ful spectacles has sometimes suffic$ to cure a p]son 9 love2 & :oev] has _h suffici5t imag9ation to repres5t a face or =m tw5ty ye>s old]1 has probably gone ?r\gh life n mu* di/urb$4 #dad4 ,,wom5 ,,9 ,,hatr$4--,9 a /ate ( hatr$ wom5 are m dang]\s ?an m52 = "o ?+1 because !y are hamp]$ by no reg>d = fairness :5 _! ho/ile feel+s h be5 ar\s$2 b let _! hatr$ develop un*eck$ to its utmo/ consequ5ces2 !n also1 because !y are exp]t 9 f9d+ sore spots 7:i* e man & e p>ty possess71 & p\nc+ ^u !m3 = :i* purpose _! dagg]-po9t$ intellig5ce is ( good s]vice 7:il/ m51 hesitat+ at ! sight ( w\nds1 are (t5 g5]\sly & conciliatorily incl9$74 #dae4 ,,love4--,! love idolatry :i* wom5 practise is fundam5tally & orig9ally an intellig5t device1 inasmu* z !y increase _! p[] by all ! idealis+s ( love & exhibit !mselves z s mu* ! m desirable 9 ! eyes ( m54 ,b by be+ accu/om$ = c5turies to ?is exagg]at$ appreciation ( love1 x has come to pass t !y h be5 caught 9 _! own net & h =gott5 ! orig9 ( ! device4 ,!y !mselves are n[ /ill m deceiv$ ?an ! m51 & on t acc\nt also suff] m f ! disillusionm5t :i*1 almo/ necess>ily1 ent]s into ! life ( e woman--s f>1 at any rate1 z %e has suffici5t imag9ation & intellig5ce to be able to be deceiv$ & undeceiv$4 #daf4 ,,! ,,emancipation ,,( ,,wom54--,c wom5 be at all j1 :5 !y are s accu/om$ to love & to be imm$iately bias$ = or aga9/8 ,= t reason !y are also less int]e/$ 9 ?+s & m 9 individuals3 b :5 !y are int]e/$ 9 ?+s !y imm$iately become _! p>tisans1 & !reby spoil _! pure1 innoc5t effect4 ,?us !re arises a dang]1 by no means small1 9 entru/+ politics & c]ta9 portions ( sci5ce to !m 7hi/ory1 = in/ance74 ,= :at is r>] ?an a woman :o really kn[s :at sci5ce is8 ,inde$ ! be/ ( !m *]i% 9 _! brea/s a secret scorn = sci5ce1 z if !y 7 someh[ sup]ior to x4 ,p]haps all ?is c be *ang$ 9 "t2 b mean:ile x is s4 #dag4 ,,! ,,inspiration ,,9 ,,wom5',s ,,judgm5ts4--,! sudd5 decisions1 = or aga9/1 :i* wom5 are 9 ! habit ( mak+1 ! fla%+ illum9ation ( p]sonal relations caus$ by _! spasmodic incl9ations & av]sions1--9 %ort1 ! pro(s ( fem99e inju/ice h be5 inve/$ ) a lu/re by m5 :o are 9 love1 z if all wom5 _h inspirations ( wisdom1 ev5 )\t ! ,delphic cauldron & ! laurel wrea?s2 & _! utt]ances are int]pret$ & duly set =? z ,sibyll9e oracles = long aft]w>ds4 ,:5 "o consid]s1 h[ev]1 t = e p]son & = e cause some?+ c be said 9 fav\r ( x b equally also some?+ aga9/ x1 t ?+s are n only two-sid$1 b also ?ree & f\r-sid$1 x is almo/ difficult to be entirely at fault 9 su* sudd5 decisions2 inde$1 x might be said t ! nature ( ?+s has be5 s arrang$ t wom5 %\ld always c>ry _! po9t4#b #dah4 ,,be+ ,,lov$4--,z "o ( e two p]sons 9 love is usually ! "o :o loves1 ! o!r ! "o :o is lov$1 ! belief has aris5 t 9 e love-affair !re is a con/ant am\nt ( love2 & t ! m ( x ! "o p]son monopolises ! less is left = ! o!r4 ,exceptionally x happ5s t ! vanity ( ea* ( ! p>ties p]suades him or h] t x is he or %e :o mu/ be lov$2 s t bo? ( !m wi% to be lov$3 f :i* cause _m half funny1 half absurd sc5es take place1 especially 9 m>ri$ life4 #dai4 ,,contradictions ,,9 ,,fem99e ,,m9ds4--,ow+ to ! fact t wom5 are s mu* m p]sonal ?an objective1 !re are t5d5cies includ$ 9 ! range ( _! ideas :i* are logically 9 contradiction to "o ano!r2 !y are accu/om$ 9 turn to become en?usia/ically fond j ( ! repres5tatives ( ^! t5d5cies & accept _! sy/ems 9 ! lump2 b 9 su* wise t a dead place orig9ates :]ev] a new p]sonality aft]w>ds gets ! asc5dancy4 ,x may happ5 t ! :ole philosophy 9 ! m9d ( an old lady consi/s ( no?+ b su* dead places4 #dbj4 ,,:o ,,suff]s ,,! ,,m8--,aft] a p]sonal diss5sion & qu>rel betwe5 a woman & a man ! latt] p>ty suff]s *iefly f ! idea ( hav+ w\nd$ ! o!r1 :il/ ! =m] suff]s *iefly f ! idea ( n hav+ w\nd$ ! o!r suffici5tly2 s %e subsequ5tly endeav\rs by te>s1 sobs1 & discompos$ mi51 to make 8 he>t heavi]4 #dba4 ,,an ,,opportunity ,,= ,,fem99e ,,magnanimity4--,if we c\ld disreg>d ! claims ( cu/om 9 our ?9k+ we might consid] :e!r nature & reason d n sugge/ sev]al m>riages = m51 "o aft] ano!r3 p]haps t1 at ! age ( tw5ty-two1 he %\ld fir/ m>ry an old] girl :o is m5tally & morally 8 sup]ior1 & c be 8 lead] ?r\gh all ! dang]s ( ! tw5ties 7ambition1 hatr$1 self-contempt1 & passions ( all k9ds74 ,?is woman's affection w\ld subsequ5tly *ange entirely into mat]nal love1 & %e w\ld n only submit to x b w\ld enc\rage ! man 9 ! mo/ salut>y mann]1 if 9 8 ?irties he contract$ an alliance ) q a "y girl ^: education he himself %\ld take 9 h&4 ,m>riage is a necess>y in/itution = ! tw5ties2 a useful1 b n necess>y1 in/itution = ! ?irties2 = lat] life x is (t5 h>mful1 & promotes ! m5tal det]ioration ( ! man4 #dbb4 ,,! ,,trag$y ,,( ,,*ildhood4--,p]haps x n infrequ5tly happ5s t noble m5 ) l(ty aims h to fight _! h>de/ battle 9 *ildhood2 by hav+ p]*ance to c>ry out _! pr9ciples 9 opposition to a base-m9d$ fa!r addict$ to feign+ & falsehood1 or liv+1 l ,"l ,byron1 9 con/ant w>f>e ) a *ildi% & passionate "m4 ,he :o has _h su* an exp]i5ce w nev] be able to =get all 8 life :o has be5 8 greate/ & mo/ dang]\s enemy4 #dbc4 ,,p>5tal ,,folly4--,! grosse/ mi/akes 9 judg+ a man are made by 8 p>5ts1--?is is a fact1 b h[ is x to be expla9$8 ,h ! p>5ts too mu* exp]i5ce ( ! *ild & _c any long] arrange ?is exp]i5ce into a unity8 ,x has be5 notic$ t x is only 9 ! e>li] p]iod ( _! soj\rn 9 =eign c\ntries t travell]s rightly grasp ! g5]al di/+ui%+ features ( a p2 ! bett] !y come to "k x1 !y are ! less able to see :at is typical & di/+ui%+ 9 a p4 ,z soon z !y gr[ %ort-sight$ _! eyes cease to be long-sight$4 ,d p>5ts1 !re=e1 judge _! *ildr5 falsely because !y h nev] /ood f> en\gh away f !m8 ,! foll[+ is q ano!r explanation3 p are no long] accu/om$ to reflect on :at is close at h& & surr\nds !m1 b j accept x4 ,p]haps ! usual ?\ghtlessness ( p>5ts is ! reason :y !y judge s wrongly :5 once !y are compell$ to judge _! *ildr54 #dbd4 ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,m>riage4--,! noble & lib]al-m9d$ wom5 :o take z _! mission ! education & elevation ( ! female sex1 %\ld n ov]look "o po9t ( view3 ,m>riage reg>d$ 9 its highe/ aspect1 z1 ! spiritual fri5d%ip ( two p]sons ( opposite sexes1 & accord+ly su* z is hop$ = 9 future1 contract$ = ! purpose ( produc+ & educat+ a new g5]ation1--su* m>riage1 :i* only makes use ( ! s5sual1 s to speak1 z a r>e & occasional means to a high] purpose1 w1 x is to be fe>$1 probably ne$ a natural auxili>y1 namely1 concub9age4 ,= if1 on ! gr\nds ( 8 heal?1 ! wife is also to s]ve = ! sole satisfaction ( ! man's sexual ne$s1 a wrong p]spective1 oppos$ to ! aims indicat$1 w h mo/ influ5ce 9 ! *oice ( a wife4 ,! aims ref]r$ to3 ! production ( desc5dants1 w be accid5tal1 & _! successful education highly improbable4 ,a good wife1 :o has to be fri5d1 help]1 *ild-be>]1 "m1 family-head & manag]1 & has ev5 p]haps to conduct h] own bus9ess & affairs sep>ately f ^? ( ! husb&1 _c at ! same "t be a concub9e2 x w\ld1 9 g5]al1 be ask+ too mu* ( h]4 ,9 ! future1 !re=e1 a /ate ( ?+s might take place ! opposite ( :at exi/$ at ,a!ns 9 ! "t ( ,p]icles2 ! m51 ^: wives 7 !n little m to !m ?an concub9es1 turn$ besides to ! ,aspasias1 because !y long$ = ! *>ms ( a companion%ip gratify+ bo? to head & he>t1 su* z ! grace & intellectual suppl5ess ( wom5 c\ld alone provide4 ,all human in/itutions1 j l m>riage1 all[ only a mod]ate am\nt ( practical idealis+1 fail+ :i* co>se rem$ies imm$iately become necess>y4 #dbe4 ,,! ,,/orm ,,& ,,/ress ,,p]iod ( ,,wom54--,9 ! ?ree or f\r civilis$ c\ntries ( ,europe1 x is possible1 by sev]al c5turies ( education1 to make out ( wom5 any?+ we l1--ev5 m51 n 9 a sexual s5se1 ( c\rse1 b 9 e o!r4 ,"u su* influ5ces !y w acquire all ! mascul9e virtues & =ces1 at ! same "t1 ( c\rse1 !y mu/ also h tak5 all ! mascul9e weaknesses & vices into ! b>ga93 s mu*1 z has be5 said1 we c ,i comm&4 ,b h[ %all we endure ! int]m$iate /ate !reby induc$1 :i* may ev5 la/ two or ?ree c5turies1 dur+ :i* fem99e follies & inju/ices1 woman's orig9al bir?day end[m5t1 w /ill ma9ta9 ! asc5dancy ov] all t has be5 o!rwise ga9$ & acquir$8 ,?is w be ! "t :5 indignation w be ! peculi> mascul9e passion2 indignation1 because all arts & sci5ces h be5 ov]fl[$ & *ok$ by an unprec$5t$ dilettanteism1 philosophy talk$ to dea? by bra9-bewild]+ *att]1 politics m fanta/ic & p>tisan ?an ev]1 & society 9 complete disorganisation1 because ! cons]vatrices ( anci5t cu/oms h become ridicul\s to !mselves1 & h endeav\r$ 9 e way to place !mselves outside ! pale ( cu/om4 ,if inde$ wom5 _h _! greate/ p[] 9 cu/om1 :]e w !y h to look 9 ord] to reacquire a simil> pl5itude ( p[] aft] hav+ r5\nc$ cu/om8 #dbf4 ,,free-,,_s ,,& ,,m>riage4--,w free-?9k]s live ) wom58 ,9 g5]al1 ,i ?9k t1 l ! prophesy+ birds ( old1 l ! tru?-?9k]s & tru?-speak]s ( ! pres5t1 !y mu/ pref] to fly alone4 #dbg4 ,,! ,,happ9ess ,,( ,,m>riage4--,ev]y?+ to :i* we are accu/om$ draws an ev]-tight5+ cobweb-net ar\nd u2 & pres5tly ,we notice t ! ?reads h become cords1 & t we ourselves sit 9 ! middle l a spid] t has "h got itself caught & mu/ fe$ on its own blood4 ,h5ce ! free _s hates all rules & cu/oms1 all t is p]man5t & def9itive1 h5ce he pa9fully te>s asund] aga9 & aga9 ! net ar\nd him1 ?\gh 9 consequ5ce !re( he w suff] f num]\s w\nds1 slight & sev]e2 = he mu/ break (f e ?read f himself1 f 8 body & s\l4 ,he mu/ le>n to love :]e he has hi!rto hat$1 & vice v]sa4 ,inde$1 x mu/ n be a ?+ impossible = him to s[ dragon's tee? 9 ! same field 9 :i* he =m]ly scatt]$ ! abundance ( 8 b\nty4 ,f ?is x c be inf]r$ :e!r he is suit$ = ! happ9ess ( m>riage4 #dbh4 ,,too ,,intimate4--,:5 we live on too intimate t]ms ) a p]son x is z if we 7 aga9 & aga9 h&l+ a good engrav+ ) our f+]s2 ! "t comes :5 we h soil$ & damag$ pap] 9 our h&s1 & no?+ m4 ,a man's s\l also gets worn out by con/ant h&l+2 at lea/1 x ev5tually appe>s s to u--nev] aga9 d we see its orig9al design & beauty4 ,we always lose ?r\gh too famili> association ) wom5 & fri5ds2 & sometimes we lose ! pe>l ( our life !reby4 #dbi4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,cradle4--,! free _s w always feel reliev$ :5 he has f9ally resolv$ to %ake (f ! mo!rly c>e & gu>dian%ip ) :i* wom5 surr\nd him4 ,:at h>m w a r\gh w9d1 f :i* he has be5 s anxi\sly protect$1 d him8 ,( :at consequ5ce is a g5u9e disadvantage1 loss1 mis=tune1 sickness1 illness1 fault1 or folly m or less 9 8 life1 comp>$ ) ! bondage ( ! gold5 cradle1 ! peacock's-fea!r fan1 & ! oppressive feel+ t he mu/1 9 addition1 be grateful because he is wait$ on & spoil$ l a baby8 ,h5ce x is t ! milk :i* is (f]$ him by ! mo!rly disposition ( ! wom5 ab\t him c s readily turn into gall4 #dcj4 ,a ,,volunt>y ,,victim4--,!re is no?+ by1 :i* able wom5 c s alleviate ! lives ( _! husb&s1 %\ld ^! be great & fam\s1 z by becom+1 s to speak1 ! receptacle = ! g5]al disfav\r & occasional ill-hum\r ( ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,contempor>ies are usually accu/om$ to ov]look _m mi/akes1 follies1 & ev5 flagrant inju/ices 9 _! great m5 if only !y c f9d "s "o to maltreat & kill1 z a prop] victim = ! relief ( _! feel+s4 ,a wife n infrequ5tly has ! ambition to pres5t h]self = ?is sacrifice1 & !n ! husb& may inde$ feel satisfi$1--he be+ en\gh ( an egoi/ to h su* a volunt>y /orm1 ra91 & lightn+-conductor beside him4 #dca4 ,,agreeable ,,adv]s>ies4--,! natural incl9ation1 ( wom5 t[>ds quiet1 regul>1 happily tun$ exi/5ces & int]c\rse1 ! oil-l & calm+ effect ( _! influ5ce ^u ! sea ( life1 op]ates unconsci\sly aga9/ ! h]oic inn] impulse ( ! free _s4 ,)\t kn[+ x1 wom5 act z if !y 7 tak+ away ! /ones f ! pa? ( ! w&]+ m9]alogi/ 9 ord] t he might n /rike 8 foot aga9/ !m--:5 he has gone out = ! v purpose ( /rik+ aga9/ !m4 #dcb4 ,,! ,,discord ,,( ,,two ,,concords4--,woman wants to s]ve1 & f9ds h] happ9ess !re92 ! free _s does n want to be s]v$1 & !re9 f9ds 8 happ9ess4 #dcc4 ,,xantippe4--,socrates f\nd a wife su* z he requir$1--b he w\ld n h s\ght h] _h he kn[n h] suffici5tly well2 ev5 ! h]oism ( 8 free _s w\ld n h gone s f>4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,xantippe =c$ him m & m into 8 peculi> pr(ession1 inasmu* z %e made h\se & home doleful & dismal to him2 %e taught him to live 9 ! /reets & :]ev] gossip+ & idl+ w5t on1 & !reby made him ! greate/ ,a!nian /reet-dialectician1 :o _h1 at la/1 to comp>e himself to a gad-fly :i* a god _h set on ! neck ( ! beautiful horse ,a!ns to prev5t x f re/+4 #dcd4 ,,bl9d ,,to ,,! ,,future4--,j z mo!rs h s5ses & eye only = ^? pa9s ( _! *ildr5 t are evid5t to ! s5ses & eye1 s ! wives ( m5 ( high aspirations _c accu/om !mselves to see _! husb&s suff]+1 />v+1 or slight$1--al?\gh all ?is is1 p]haps1 n only ! pro( t !y h rightly *os5 _! attitude 9 life1 b ev5 ! gu>antee t _! great aims mu/ be a*iev$ "s "t4 ,wom5 always intrigue privately aga9/ ! high] s\ls ( _! husb&s2 !y want to *eat !m out ( _! future = ! sake ( a pa9less & com=table pres5t4 #dce4 ,,au?ority ,,& ,,fre$om4--,h[ev] highly wom5 may hon\r _! husb&s1 !y hon\r /ill m ! p[]s & ideas recognis$ by society2 !y h be5 accu/om$ = mill5nia to g along ) _! h&s fold$ on _! brea/s1 & _! heads b5t be=e ev]y?+ dom9ant1 disapprov+ ( all resi/ance to public au?ority4 ,!y !re=e un9t5tionally1 & z if f in/9ct1 hang !mselves z a drag on ! :eels ( free-spirit$1 indep5d5t endeav\r1 & 9 c]ta9 circum/ances make _! husb&s highly impati5t1 especially :5 ! latt] p]suade !mselves t x is really love :i* prompts ! action ( _! wives4 ,to disapprove ( wom5's me?ods & g5]\sly to hon\r ! motives t prompt !m--t is man's nature & (t5 en\gh 8 despair4 #dcf4 ,,cet]um ,,c5seo4--,x is laughable :5 a company ( paup]s decree ! abolition ( ! "r ( inh]itance1 & x is n less laughable :5 *ildless p]sons lab\r = ! practical law-giv+ ( a c\ntry3 !y h n en\gh balla/ 9 _! %ip to sail safely ov] ! ocean ( ! future4 ,b x seems equally s5seless if a man :o has *os5 = 8 mission ! wide/ k & e/imation ( univ]sal exi/5ce1 burd5s himself ) p]sonal consid]ations = a family1 ) ! support1 protection1 & c>e ( wife & *ild1 & 9 front ( 8 telescope hangs t gloomy veil ?r\gh :i* h>dly a ray f ! di/ant firmam5t c p5etrate4 ,?us ,i1 too1 agree ) ! op9ion t 9 matt]s ( ! highe/ philosophy all m>ri$ m5 are to be suspect$4 #dcg4 ,,f9ally4--,!re are _m k9ds ( hemlock1 & fate g5]ally f9ds an opportunity to put a cup ( ?is poison to ! lips ( ! free _s1--9 ord] to puni% him1 z e "o !n says4 ,:at d ! wom5 d ab\t him !n8 ,!y cry & lam5t1 & p]haps di/urb ! sunset-calm ( ! ?9k]1 z !y did 9 ! prison at ,a!ns4 ,oh ,crito1 bid "s "o take ^? wom5 away6 said ,socrates at la/4 ,footnote #a3 ,! opposite ( ?is aphorism also holds good4--,j4,m4,k4 ,footnote #b3 ,x may be rem>k$ t ,nietzs*e *ang$ 8 view on ?is subject lat] on1 & ascrib$ m importance to woman's intuition4 ,cf4 also ,disraeli's ref]5ce to ! ,high ,prie/esses ( pr$e/9ation4--,j4,m4,k4 ,,eigh? ,,division4 ,a ,,glance ,,at ,,! ,,/ate4 #dch4 ,,ask+ ,,to ,,be ,,he>d4--,! demagogic disposition & ! int5tion ( work+ ^u ! masses is at pres5t common to all political p>ties2 on ?is acc\nt !y are all oblig$ to *ange _! pr9ciples into great al fresco follies & ?us make a %[ ( !m4 ,9 ?is matt] !re is no fur!r alt]ation to be made3 inde$1 x is sup]flu\s ev5 to raise a f+] aga9/ x2 = "h ,voltaire's say+ applies3 ,qu& la populace se mle de raisonn]1 t\t e/ p]du4 ,s9ce ?is has happ5$ we h to accommodate ourselves to ! new conditions1 z we h to accommodate ourselves :5 an e>?quake has displac$ ! old b\nd>ies & ! cont\r ( ! l& & alt]$ ! value ( prop]ty4 ,moreov]1 :5 x is once = all a "q 9 ! politics ( all p>ties to make life endurable to ! greate/ possible majority1 ?is majority may always decide :at !y und]/& by an endurable life2 if !y believe _! intellect capable ( f9d+ ! "r means to ?is end :y %\ld we d\bt ab\t x8 ,!y want1 once = all1 to be ! ar*itects ( _! own good or ill =tune2 & if _! feel+ ( free *oice & _! pride 9 ! five or six ideas t _! bra9 conceals & br+s to light1 really makes life s agreeable to !m t !y gladly put up ) ! fatal consequ5ces ( _! n>r[-m9d$ness1 !re is little to object to1 provid$ t _! n>r[-m9d$ness does n g s f> z to dem& t ev]y?+ %all become politics 9 ?is s5se1 t all %all live & act accord+ to ?is /&>d4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 x mu/ be m ?an ev] p]missible = "s p to keep alo( f politics & to /& some:at aside4 ,to ?is !y are also impell$ by ! pleasure ( free *oice1 & connect$ ) ?is !re may ev5 be "s little pride 9 keep+ sil5ce :5 too _m1 & only ! _m1 are speak+4 ,!n ?is small gr\p mu/ be excus$ if !y d n atta* su* great importance to ! happ9ess ( ! majority 7nations or /rata ( population may be und]/ood !reby71 & are occasionally guilty ( an ironical grimace2 = _! s]i\sness lies else:]e1 _! conception ( happ9ess is q diff]5t1 & _! aim _c be encompass$ by e clumsy h& t has j five f+]s4 ,f9ally1 !re comes f "t to "t--:at is c]ta9ly mo/ difficult to conc$e to !m1 b mu/ also be conc$$--a mom5t :5 !y em]ge f _! sil5t solit>9ess & try once m ! /r5g? ( _! lungs2 !y !n call to ea* o!r l p lo/ 9 a wood1 to make !mselves kn[n & = mutual enc\ragem5t2 :]eby1 to be sure1 mu* becomes audible t s\nds evil to e>s = :i* x is n int5d$4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 sil5ce aga9 prevails 9 ! wood1 su* sil5ce t ! buzz+1 humm+1 & flutt]+ ( ! c\ntless insects t live 91 above1 & b5ea? x1 are aga9 pla9ly he>d4 #dci4 ,,culture ,,& ,,ca/e4--,a high] culture c only orig9ate :]e !re are two di/9ct ca/es ( society3 t ( ! work+ class1 & t ( ! leisur$ class :o are capable ( true leisure2 or1 m /rongly express$1 ! ca/e ( compulsory lab\r & ! ca/e ( free lab\r4 ,! po9t ( view ( ! division ( happ9ess is n ess5tial :5 x is a "q ( ! production ( a high] culture2 9 any case1 h[ev]1 ! leisur$ ca/e is m susceptible to suff]+ & suff] m1 _! pleasure 9 exi/5ce is less & _! task is great]4 ,n[ suppos+ !re %\ld be q an int]*ange betwe5 ! two ca/es1 s t on ! "o h& ! dull] & less intellig5t families & individuals are l[]$ f ! high] ca/e into ! l[]1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! fre] m5 ( ! l[] ca/e obta9 access to ! high]1 a condition ( ?+s w\ld be atta9$ beyond :i* "o c only p]ceive ! op5 sea ( vague wi%es4 ,?us speaks to u ! vani%+ voice ( ! old5 "t2 b :]e are !re /ill e>s to he> x8 #ddj4 ,,( ,,good ,,blood4--,t :i* m5 & wom5 ( good blood possess mu* m ?an o!rs1 & :i* gives !m an und\bt$ "r to be m highly appreciat$1 are two arts :i* are always increas$ by inh]itance3 ! art ( be+ able to comm&1 & ! art ( pr\d ob$i5ce4 ,n[ :]ev] comm&+ is ! bus9ess ( ! day 7z 9 ! great _w ( comm]ce & indu/ry71 !re results some?+ simil> to ^! families ( good blood1 only ! noble be>+ 9 ob$i5ce is lack+ :i* is an inh]itance f feudal conditions & h>dly gr[s any long] 9 ! climate ( our culture4 #dda4 ,,subord9ation4--,! subord9ation :i* is s highly valu$ 9 milit>y & (ficial ranks w soon become z incr$ible to u z ! secret tactics ( ! ,jesuits h already become2 & :5 ?is subord9ation is no long] possible a multitude ( a/oni%+ results w no long] be atta9$1 & ! _w w be all ! poor]4 ,x mu/ disappe>1 = its f\ndation is disappe>+1 ! belief 9 unconditional au?ority1 9 ultimate tru?2 ev5 9 milit>y ranks physical compulsion is n suffici5t to produce x1 b only ! inh]it$ adoration ( ! pr9cely z ( some?+ sup]human4 ,9 fre] circum/ances p subord9ate !mselves only on conditions1 9 compliance ) a mutual contract1 consequ5tly ) all ! provisos ( self-int]e/4 #ddb4 ,,! ,,national ,,army4--,! greate/ disadvantage ( ! national army1 n[ s mu* glorifi$1 lies 9 ! squ&]+ ( m5 ( ! highe/ civilisation2 x is only by ! fav\rabl5ess ( all circum/ances t !re are su* m5 at all2 h[ c>efully & anxi\sly %\ld we deal ) !m1 s9ce long p]iods are requir$ to create ! *ance conditions = ! production ( su* delicately organis$ bra9s6 ,b z ! ,greeks wall[$ 9 ! blood ( ,greeks1 s d ,europeans n[ 9 ! blood ( ,europeans3 & inde$1 tak5 relatively1 x is mo/ly ! highly cultivat$ :o are sacrific$1 ^? :o promise an abundant & excell5t po/]ity2 = su* /& 9 ! front ( ! battle z comm&]s1 & also expose !mselves to mo/ dang]1 by reason ( _! high] ambition4 ,at pres5t1 :5 q o!r & high] tasks are assign$ ?an patria & honor1 ! r\gh ,roman patriotism is ei!r some?+ di%on\rable or a sign ( be+ beh9d ! times4 #ddc4 ,,hope ,,z ,,presumption4--,our social ord] w sl[ly melt away1 z all =m] ord]s h done1 z soon z ! suns ( new op9ions h %one ^u mank9d ) a new gl[4 ,we c only wi% ?is melt+ away 9 ! hope !re(1 & we are only reasonably entitl$ to hope :5 we believe t we & our equals h m /r5g? 9 he>t & head ?an ! repres5tatives ( ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s4 ,z a rule1 !re=e1 ?is hope w be a presumption1 an ov]-e/imation4 #ddd4 ,,w>4--,aga9/ w> x may be said t x makes ! victor /upid & ! vanqui%$ rev5geful4 ,9 fav\r ( w> x may be said t x b>b>ises 9 bo? its above-nam$ results1 & !reby makes m natural2 x is ! sleep or ! w9t] p]iod ( culture2 man em]ges f x ) great] /r5g? = good & = evil4 #dde4 ,,9 ,,! ,,pr9ce',s ,,s]vice4--,to be able to act q reg>dlessly x is be/ = a /atesman to c>ry out 8 "w n = himself b = a pr9ce4 ,! eye ( ! spectator is dazzl$ by ! spl5d\r ( ?is g5]al dis9t]e/$ness1 s t x does n see ! malignancy & sev]ity :i* ! "w ( a /atesman br+s ) x4#a #ddf4 ,a ,,"q ,,( ,,p[]1 ,,n ,,( ,,"r4--,z reg>ds ,socialism1 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o always consid] high] utility1 if x is really a ris+ aga9/ _! oppressors ( ^? :o = c5turies h be5 oppress$ & d[ntrodd51 !re is no problem ( "r involv$ 7not)/&+ ! ridicul\s1 effem9ate "q1 ,h[ f> ought we to grant its dem&s87 b only a problem ( p[]2 ! same1 !re=e1 z 9 ! case ( a natural =ce1--/eam1 = in/ance1--:i* is ei!r =c$ by man into 8 s]vice1 z a ma*9e-god1 or :i*1 9 case ( defects ( ! ma*9e1 t is to say1 defects ( human calculation 9 its con/ruction1 de/roys x & man toge!r4 ,9 ord] to solve ?is "q ( p[] we mu/ "k h[ /rong ,socialism is1 9 :at modification x may yet be employ$ z a p[]ful lev] 9 ! pres5t me*anism ( political =ces2 "u c]ta9 circum/ances we %\ld d all we c to /r5g!n x4 ,) e great =ce--be x ! mo/ dang]\s--m5 h to ?9k h[ !y c make ( x an in/rum5t = _! purposes4 ,socialism acquires a "r only if w> seems to h tak5 place betwe5 ! two p[]s1 ! repres5tatives ( ! old & ! new1 :51 h[ev]1 a wise calculation ( ! greate/ possible pres]vation & advantage\sness to bo? sides gives rise to a desire = a treaty4 ,)\t treaty no "r4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 !re is nei!r w> nor treaty on ! gr\nd 9 "q1 !re=e no rights1 no ought4 #ddg4 ,,utilis+ ,,! ,,mo/ ,,trivial ,,di%one/y4--,! p[] ( ! press consi/s 9 ! fact t e individual :o m9i/]s to x only feels himself b\nd & con/ra9$ to a v small ext5t4 ,he usually expresses 8 op9ion1 b sometimes also does n express x 9 ord] to s]ve 8 p>ty or ! politics ( 8 c\ntry1 or ev5 himself4 ,su* little faults ( di%one/y1 or p]haps only ( a di%one/ sil5ce1 are n h>d to be> by ! individual1 b ! consequ5ces are extraord9>y1 because ^! little faults are committ$ by _m at ! same "t4 ,ea* "o says to himself3 ,= su* small concessions ,i live bett] & c make my income2 by ! want ( su* little compliances ,i make myself impossible4 ,because x seems almo/ morally indiff]5t to write a l9e m 7p]haps ev5 )\t signature71 or n to write x1 a p]son :o has money & influ5ce c make any op9ion a public "o4 ,he :o kn[s t mo/ p are weak 9 trifles1 & wi%es to atta9 8 own ends !reby1 is always dang]\s4 #ddh4 ,too ,,l\d ,a ,,tone ,,9 ,,grievances4--,?r\gh ! fact t an acc\nt ( a bad /ate ( ?+s 7= in/ance1 ! crimes ( an adm9i/ration1 brib]y & arbitr>y fav\r 9 political or le>n$ bodies7 is greatly exagg]at$1 x fails 9 its effect on intellig5t p1 b has all ! great] effect on ! un9tellig5t 7:o w\ld h rema9$ indiff]5t to an accurate & mod]ate acc\nt74 ,b z ^! latt] are consid]ably 9 ! majority1 & h>b\r 9 !mselves /rong] w-p[] & m impati5t desire = action1 ! exagg]ation becomes ! cause ( inve/igations1 puni%m5ts1 promises1 & reorganisations4 ,9 s f> x is useful to exagg]ate ! acc\nts ( bad /ates ( ?+s4 #ddi4 ,,! ,,app>5t ,,wea!r--,,mak]s ,,( ,,politics4--,j z p tacitly assume t he :o und]/&s ! wea!r1 & =etells x ab\t a day 9 advance1 makes ! wea!r1 s ev5 ! educat$ & le>n$1 ) a display ( sup]/iti\s fai?1 ascribe to great /atesm5 z _! mo/ special "w all ! important *anges & conjunctures t h tak5 place dur+ _! adm9i/ration1 :5 x is only evid5t t !y knew some?+ !re( a little e>li] ?an o!r p & made _! calculations accord+ly1--?us !y are also look$ ^u z wea!r-mak]s--& ?is belief is n ! lea/ important in/rum5t ( _! p[]4 #dej4 ,,new ,,& ,,old ,,conceptions ,,( ,,gov]nm5t4--,to draw su* a di/9ction betwe5 ,gov]nm5t & p z if two sep>ate sph]es ( p[]1 a /rong] & high]1 & a weak] & l[]1 negotiat$ & came to t]ms ) ea* o!r1 is a remnant ( transmitt$ political s5tim5t1 :i* /ill accurately repres5ts ! hi/oric e/abli%m5t ( ! conditions ( p[] 9 mo/ ,/ates4 ,:5 ,bism>ck1 = in/ance1 describes ! con/itutional sy/em z a compromise betwe5 ,gov]nm5t & p1 he speaks 9 accordance ) a pr9ciple :i* has its reason 9 hi/ory 7f :5ce1 to be sure1 x also d]ives its admixture ( folly1 )\t :i* no?+ human c exi/74 ,on ! o!r h&1 we mu/ n[ le>n--9 accordance ) a pr9ciple :i* has orig9at$ only 9 ! bra9 & has /ill to make hi/ory--t ,gov]nm5t is no?+ b an organ ( ! p1--n an att5tive1 hon\rable high] 9 relation to a l[] accu/om$ to mode/y4 ,be=e we accept ?is hi!rto unhi/orical & arbitr>y1 al?\gh logical1 =mulation ( ! conception ( ,gov]nm5t1 let u b consid] its consequ5ces1 = ! relation betwe5 p & ,gov]nm5t is ! /ronge/ typical relation1 aft] ! patt]n ( :i* ! relation%ip betwe5 tea*] & pupil1 ma/] & s]vants1 fa!r & family1 lead] & soldi]1 ma/] & appr5tice1 is unconsci\sly =m$4 ,at pres5t1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! prevail+ con/itutional sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 all ^! relation%ips are *ang+ a little1--!y are becom+ compromises4 ,b h[ !y w h to be rev]s$ & %ift$1 & *ange "n & nature1 :5 t newe/ ( all conceptions has got ! upp] h& ev]y:]e 9 p's m9ds6--to a*ieve :i*1 h[ev]1 a c5tury may yet be requir$4 ,9 ?is matt] !re is no?+ fur!r to be wi%$ = except caution & sl[ developm5t4 #dea4 ,,ju/ice ,,z ,,! ,,decoy-,,cry ,,( ,,p>ties4--,well may noble 7if n exactly v intellig5t7 repres5tatives ( ! gov]n+ classes assev]ate3 ,we w treat m5 equally & grant !m equal rights2 s f> a sociali/ic mode ( ?\ght :i* is bas$ on ju/ice is possible2 b1 z has be5 said1 only )9 ! ranks ( ! gov]n+ class1 :i* 9 ?is case practises ju/ice ) sacrifices & abnegations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to dem& equality ( rights1 z d ! ,sociali/s ( ! subject ca/e1 is by no means ! outcome ( ju/ice1 b ( covet\sness4 ,if y expose bloody pieces ( fle% to a bea/1 & )draw !m aga91 until x f9ally beg9s to ro>1 d y ?9k t ro>+ implies ju/ice8 #deb4 ,,possession ,,& ,,ju/ice4--,:5 ! ,sociali/s po9t out t ! division ( prop]ty at ! pres5t day is ! consequ5ce ( c\ntless de$s ( inju/ice & viol5ce1 &1 9 summa1 repudiate obligation to any?+ ) s unrighte\s a basis1 !y only p]ceive some?+ isolat$4 ,! entire pa/ ( anci5t civilisation is built up on viol5ce1 slav]y1 deception1 & error2 we1 h[ev]1 _c annul ourselves1 ! heirs ( all ^! conditions1 nay1 ! concresc5ces ( all ?is pa/1 & are n entitl$ to dem& ! )drawal ( a s+le fragm5t !re(4 ,! unju/ disposition lurks also 9 ! s\ls ( non-possessors2 !y are n bett] ?an ! possessors & h no moral pr]ogative2 = at "o "t or ano!r _! ance/ors h be5 possessors4 ,n =cible new di/ributions1 b gradual trans=mations ( op9ion are necess>y2 ju/ice 9 all matt]s mu/ become great]1 ! in/9ct ( viol5ce weak]4 #dec4 ,,! ,,helmsman ,,( ,,! ,,passions4--,! /atesman excites public passions 9 ord] to h ! advantage ( ! c\nt]-passions !reby ar\s$4 ,to give an example3 a ,g]man /atesman kn[s q well t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* w nev] h ! same plans z ,russia2 inde$1 t x w\ld f> r be alli$ ) ! ,turk ?an ) ! =m] c\ntry2 he likewise kn[s t ,g]many is ?reat5$ ) great dang] f an alliance betwe5 ,france & ,russia4 ,if he c succe$1 !re=e1 9 mak+ ,france ! focus & =tress ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 he has av]t$ ?is dang] = a l5g?y p]iod4 ,he has1 accord+ly1 an int]e/ 9 %[+ hatr$ aga9/ ! ,ca?olics 9 trans=m+1 by all k9ds ( ho/ility1 ! support]s ( ! ,pope's au?ority into an impassion$ political p[] :i* is oppos$ to ,g]man politics1 & mu/1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 coalesce ) ,france z ! adv]s>y ( ,g]many2 8 aim is ! ca?olicis+ ( ,france1 j z necess>ily z ,mirabeau saw ! salvation ( 8 native l& 9 de-ca?olicis+ x4 ,! "o ,/ate1 !re=e1 desires to muddle millions ( m9ds ( ano!r ,/ate 9 ord] to ga9 advantage !reby4 ,x is ! same disposition :i* supports ! republican =m ( gov]nm5t ( a neighb\r+ ,/ate--le dsordre organis1 z ,mrime says--= ! sole reason t x assumes t ?is =m ( gov]nm5t makes ! nation weak]1 m di/ract$1 less fit = w>4 #ded4 ,,! ,,dang]\s ,,revolution>y ,,spirits4--,^? :o are b5t on revolutionis+ society may be divid$ into ^? :o seek some?+ = !mselves !reby & ^? :o seek some?+ = _! *ildr5 & gr&*ildr54 ,! latt] are ! m dang]\s1 = !y h ! belief & ! good consci5ce ( dis9t]e/$ness4 ,! o!rs c be appeas$ by fav\rs3 ^? 9 p[] are /ill suffici5tly ri* & wise to adopt t exp$i5t4 ,! dang] beg9s z soon z ! aims become imp]sonal2 revolutioni/s seek+ imp]sonal int]e/s may consid] all def5d]s ( ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s z p]sonally int]e/$1 & may !re=e feel !mselves sup]ior to _! oppon5ts4 #dee4 ,,! ,,political ,,value ,,( ,,pat]nity4--,:5 a man has no sons he has n a full "r to jo9 9 a discussion conc]n+ ! ne$s ( a p>ticul> community4 ,a p]son mu/ himself h /ak$ 8 de>e/ object along ) ! o!rs3 t alone b9ds him fa/ to ! ,/ate2 he mu/ h 9 view ! well-be+ ( 8 desc5dants1 & mu/1 !re=e1 above all1 h desc5dants 9 ord] to take a "r & natural %>e 9 all in/itutions & ! *anges !re(4 ,! developm5t ( high] morality dep5ds on a p]son's hav+ sons2 x disposes him to be un-egoi/ic1 or1 m correctly1 x ext5ds 8 egoism 9 its duration & p]mits him e>ne/ly to /rive aft] goals :i* lie beyond 8 individual lifetime4 #def4 ,,pride ,,( ,,desc5t4--,a man may be ju/ly pr\d ( an unbrok5 l9e ( good ance/ors d[n to 8 fa!r1--n h[ev] ( ! l9e itself1 = e "o has t4 ,desc5t f good ance/ors con/itutes ! real nobility ( bir?2 a s+le break 9 ! *a91 "o bad ance/or1 !re=e1 de/roys ! nobility ( bir?4 ,e "o :o talks ab\t 8 nobility %\ld be ask$3 ,h y no viol5t1 av>ici\s1 dissolute1 wick$1 cruel man among/ y\r ance/ors8 ,if ) good cognisance & consci5ce he c answ] ,no1 !n let 8 fri5d%ip be s\ght4 #deg4 ,,slaves ,,& ,,lab\r]s4--,! fact t we reg>d ! gratification ( vanity z ( m acc\nt ?an all o!r =ms ( well-be+ 7security1 position1 & pleasures ( all sorts71 is %[n to a ludicr\s ext5t by e "o wi%+ = ! abolition ( slav]y & utt]ly abhorr+ to put any "o into ?is position 7ap>t altoge!r f political reasons71 :ile e "o mu/ ackn[l$ge to himself t 9 all respects slaves live m securely & m happily ?an mod]n lab\r]s1 & t slave lab\r is v easy lab\r comp>$ ) t ( ! lab\r]4 ,we prote/ 9 ! "n ( ! dignity ( man2 b1 express$ m simply1 t is j our d>l+ vanity :i* feels non-equality1 & inf]iority 9 public e/imation1 to be ! h>de/ lot ( all4 ,! cynic ?9ks diff]5tly conc]n+ ! matt]1 because he despises hon\r3--& s ,diog5es 0 = "s "t a slave & tutor4 #deh4 ,,lead+ ,,m9ds ,,& ,,_! ,,in/rum5ts4--,we see t great /atesm51 & 9 g5]al all :o h to employ _m p to c>ry out _! plans1 sometimes proce$ "o way & sometimes ano!r2 !y ei!r *oose ) great skill & c>e ! p suitable = _! plans1 & !n leave !m a comp>atively l>ge am\nt ( lib]ty1 because !y "k t ! nature ( ! p]sons select$ impels !m precisely to ! po9t :]e !y !mselves w\ld h !m g2 or else !y *oose badly1 9 fact take :atev] comes to h&1 b out ( e piece ( clay !y =m some?+ useful = _! purpose4 ,^! latt] m9ds are ! m high-h&$2 !y also desire m submissive in/rum5ts2 _! k ( mank9d is usually mu* small]1 _! contempt ( mank9d great] ?an 9 ! case ( ! fir/ m5tion$ class1 b ! ma*9es !y con/ruct g5]ally "w bett] ?an ! ma*9es f ! work%ops ( ! =m]4 #dei4 ,,arbitr>y ,,law ,,necess>y4--,juri/s dispute :e!r ! mo/ p]fectly ?\ght-out law or t :i* is mo/ easily und]/ood %\ld prevail 9 a nation4 ,! =m]1 ! be/ model ( :i* is ,roman ,law1 seems incompreh5sible to ! layman1 & is !re=e n ! expression ( 8 s5se ( ju/ice4 ,popul> laws1 ! ,g]manic1 = in/ance1 h be5 rude1 sup]/iti\s1 illogical1 & 9 "p idiotic1 b !y repres5t$ v def9ite1 inh]it$ national morals & s5tim5ts4 ,b :]e1 z ) u1 law i no long] cu/om1 x c only comm& & be compulsion2 none ( u any long] possesses a traditional s5se ( ju/ice2 we mu/ !re=e cont5t ourselves ) arbitr>y laws1 :i* are ! expressions ( ! necessity t !re mu/ be law4 ,! mo/ logical is !n 9 any case ! mo/ acceptable1 because x is ! mo/ imp>tial1 grant+ ev5 t 9 e case ! smalle/ unit ( measure 9 ! relation ( crime & puni%m5t is arbitr>ily fix$4 #dfj4 ,,! ,,great ,,man ,,( ,,! ,,masses4--,! recipe = :at ! masses call a great man is easily giv54 ,9 all circum/ances let a p]son provide !m ) some?+ v pleasant1 or fir/ let him put x into _! heads t ?is or t w\ld be v pleasant1 & !n let him give x to !m4 ,on no acc\nt give x imm$iately1 h[ev]3 b let him acquire x by ! greate/ ex]tions1 or seem ?us to acquire x4 ,! masses mu/ h ! impression t !re is a p[]ful1 nay indomitable /r5g? ( w op]at+2 at lea/ x mu/ seem to be !re op]at+4 ,ev]ybody admires a /rong w1 because nobody possesses x1 & ev]ybody says to himself t if he did possess x !re w\ld no long] be any b\nds = him & 8 egoism4 ,if1 !n1 x becomes evid5t t su* a /rong w effects some?+ v agreeable to ! masses1 in/ead ( he>k5+ to ! wi%es ( covet\sness1 p admire once m1 & wi% good luck to !mselves4 ,moreov]1 if he has all ! qualities ( ! masses1 !y are ! less a%am$ be=e him1 & he is all ! m popul>4 ,consequ5tly1 he may be viol5t1 envi\s1 rapaci\s1 intrigu+1 flatt]+1 fawn+1 inflat$1 &1 accord+ to circum/ances1 any?+ :atsoev]4 #dfa4 ,,pr9ce ,,& ,,god4--,p frequ5tly commune ) _! pr9ces 9 ! same way z ) _! ,god1 z inde$ ! pr9ce himself 0 frequ5tly ! ,deity's repres5tative1 or at lea/ ,8 high prie/4 ,?is almo/ uncanny disposition ( v5]ation1 disquiet1 & %ame1 grew1 & has gr[n1 mu* weak]1 b occasionally x fl>es up aga91 & fa/5s ^u p[]ful p]sons g5]ally4 ,! cult ( g5ius is an e*o ( ?is v5]ation ( ,gods & ,pr9ces4 ,:]ev] an ef=t is made to exalt p>ticul> m5 to ! sup]human1 !re is also a t5d5cy to reg>d :ole grades ( ! population z co>s] & bas] ?an !y really are4 #dfb4 ,,my ,,utopia4--,9 a bett] arrang$ society ! heavy "w & tr\ble ( life w be assign$ to ^? :o suff] lea/ ?r\gh x1 to ! mo/ obtuse1 !re=e2 & s /ep by /ep up to ^? :o are mo/ s5sitive to ! highe/ & sublime/ k9ds ( suff]+1 & :o !re=e /ill suff] not)/&+ ! greate/ alleviations ( life4 #dfc4 ,a ,,delusion ,,9 ,,subv]sive ,,doctr9es4--,!re are political & social dream]s :o ard5tly & eloqu5tly call = ! ov]?r[ ( all ord]1 9 ! belief t ! pr\de/ fane ( beautiful humanity w !n re> itself imm$iately1 almo/ ( its own accord4 ,9 ^! dang]\s dreams !re is /ill an e*o ( ,r\sseau's sup]/ition1 :i* believes 9 a m>vell\s primordial goodness ( human nature1 buri$ up1 z x 72 & lays all ! blame ( t bury+-up on ! in/itutions ( civilisation1 on society1 ,/ate1 & education4 ,un=tunately1 x is well kn[n by hi/orical exp]i5ces t e su* ov]?r[ reawak5s into new life ! wilde/ en]gies1 ! long-buri$ horrors & extravagances ( remote/ ages2 t an ov]?r[1 !re=e1 may possibly be a s\rce ( /r5g? to a det]iorat$ humanity1 b nev] a regulator1 ar*itect1 arti/1 or p]fect] ( human nature4 ,x 0 n ,voltaire's mod]ate nature1 incl9$ t[>ds regulat+1 purify+1 & recon/ruct+1 b ,r\sseau's passionate follies & half-lies t ar\s$ ! optimi/ic _s ( ! ,revolution1 aga9/ :i* ,i cry1 crasez l'infme6 ,ow+ to ?is ! ,_s ( enlight5m5t & progressive developm5t has be5 long sc>$ away2 let u see--ea* ( u individually--if x is n possible to recall x6 #dfd4 ,,mod]ation4--,:5 p]fect resolut5ess 9 ?9k+ & inve/igat+1 t is to say1 fre$om ( _s1 has become a feature ( "*1 x produces mod]ation ( conduct2 = x weak5s avidity1 attracts mu* extant en]gy = ! fur!rance ( intellectual aims1 & %[s ! semi-usefulness1 or uselessness & dang]1 ( all sudd5 *anges4 #dfe4 ,,! ,,resurrection ,,( ,,! ,,_s4--,a nation usually r5ews its y\? on a political sick-b$1 & !re f9ds aga9 ! _s :i* x _h gradually lo/ 9 seek+ & ma9ta9+ p[]4 ,culture is indebt$ mo/ ( all to politically weak5$ p]iods4 #dff4 ,,new ,,op9ions ,,9 ,,! ,,old ,,home4--,! ov]?r[ ( op9ions is n imm$iately foll[$ by ! ov]?r[ ( in/itutions2 on ! contr>y1 ! new op9ions dwell = a long "t 9 ! desolate & haunt$ h\se ( _! pr$ecessors1 & cons]ve x ev5 = want ( a habitation4 #dfg4 ,,public ,,education4--,9 l>ge ,/ates public education w always be extremely m$iocre1 = ! same reason t 9 l>ge kit*5s ! cook+ is at be/ only m$iocre4 #dfh4 ,,innoc5t ,,corruption4--,9 all in/itutions into :i* ! %>p breeze ( public criticism does n p5etrate an innoc5t corruption gr[s up l a fungus 7= in/ance1 9 le>n$ bodies & s5ates74 #dfi4 ,,s*ol>s ,,z ,,politicians4--,to s*ol>s :o become politicians ! comic role is usually assign$2 !y h to be ! good consci5ce ( a /ate policy4 #dgj4 ,,! ,,wolf ,,hidd5 ,,beh9d ,,! ,,%eep4--,almo/ e politician1 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 has su* ne$ ( an hone/ man t he breaks into ! %eep-fold l a fami%$ wolf2 n1 h[ev]1 to dev\r a /ol5 %eep1 b to hide himself beh9d its woolly back4 #dga4 ,,happy ,,times4--,a happy age is no long] possible1 because m5 only wi% = x b d n desire to h x2 & ea* individual1 :5 good days come = him1 le>ns positively to pray = disquiet & mis]y4 ,! de/9y ( mank9d is arrang$ = happy mom5ts--e life has su*--b n = happy times4 ,nev]!less1 su* times w cont9ue to exi/ 9 man's imag9ation z ov] ! hills & f> away1 an heirloom ( 8 e>lie/ ance/ors2 = ! idea ( ! happy age1 f ! e>lie/ times to ! pres5t1 has no d\bt be5 d]iv$ f ! /ate 9 :i* man1 aft] viol5t ex]tions 9 hunt+ & w>f>e1 gives himself ov] to repose1 /ret*es out 8 limbs1 & he>s ! w+s ( sleep ru/le ar\nd him4 ,x is a false conclusion :51 9 accordance ) t old habit1 man imag9es t aft] :ole p]iods ( di/ress & tr\ble he w be able also to enjoy ! /ate ( happ9ess 9 proportionate increase & duration4 #dgb4 ,,religion ,,& ,,gov]nm5t4--,s long z ! ,/ate1 or1 m prop]ly1 ! ,gov]nm5t1 reg>ds itself z ! appo9t$ gu>dian ( a numb] ( m9ors1 & on _! acc\nt consid]s ! "q :e!r religion %\ld be pres]v$ or aboli%$1 x is highly probable t x w always decide = ! pres]vation !re(4 ,= religion satisfies ! nature ( ! individual 9 times ( loss1 de/itution1 t]ror1 & di/ru/1 9 cases1 !re=e1 :]e ! ,gov]nm5t feels itself incapable ( do+ any?+ directly = ! mitigation ( ! spiritual suff]+s ( ! individual2 inde$1 ev5 9 g5]al unavoidable & next to inevitable evils 7fam9es1 f9ancial crises1 & w>s7 religion gives to ! masses an attitude ( tranquillity & confid+ expectancy4 ,:5ev] ! necess>y or accid5tal defici5cies ( ! ,/ate ,gov]nm5t1 or ! dang]\s consequ5ces ( dyna/ic int]e/s1 /rike ! eyes ( ! intellig5t & make !m refractory1 ! un9tellig5t w only ?9k !y see ! f+] ( ,god !re9 & w submit ) pati5ce to ! disp5sations f on high 7a conception 9 :i* div9e & human modes ( gov]nm5t usually coalesce72 ?us int]nal civil peace & cont9uity ( developm5t w be pres]v$4 ,! p[]1 :i* lies 9 ! unity ( popul> feel+1 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! same op9ions & aims = all1 is protect$ & confirm$ by religion1--! r>e cases except$ 9 :i* a prie/hood _c agree ) ! ,/ate ab\t ! price1 & !re=e comes into conflict ) x4 ,z a rule ! ,/ate w "k h[ to w9 ov] ! prie/s1 because x ne$s _! mo/ private & secret sy/em = educat+ s\ls1 & kn[s h[ to value s]vants :o app>5tly1 & outw>dly1 repres5t q o!r int]e/s4 ,ev5 at pres5t no p[] c become legitimate )\t ! assi/ance ( ! prie/s2 a fact :i* ,napoleon und]/ood4 ,?us1 absolutely pat]nal gov]nm5t & ! c>eful pres]vation ( religion necess>ily g h&-9-h&4 ,9 ?is connection x mu/ be tak5 = grant$ t ! rul]s & gov]n+ classes are enlight5$ conc]n+ ! advantages :i* religion af=ds1 & consequ5tly feel !mselves to a c]ta9 ext5t sup]ior to x1 inasmu* z !y use x z a means2 ?us fre$om ( _s has its orig9 "h4 ,b h[ w x be :5 ! totally diff]5t int]pretation ( ! idea ( ,gov]nm5t1 su* z is taught 9 democratic ,/ates1 beg9s to prevail8 ,:5 "o sees 9 x no?+ b ! in/rum5t ( ! popul> w1 no upp] 9 contra/ to an "u1 b m]ely a function ( ! sole sov]eign1 ! p8 ,"h also only ! same attitude :i* ! p assume t[>ds religion c be assum$ by ! ,gov]nm5t2 e diffusion ( enlight5m5t w h to f9d an e*o ev5 9 ! repres5tatives1 & ! utilis+ & exploit+ ( religi\s impulses & consolations = ,/ate purposes w n be s easy 7unless p[]ful p>ty lead]s occasionally ex]cise an influ5ce resembl+ t ( enlight5$ despotism74 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! ,/ate is n p]mitt$ to d]ive any fur!r advantage f religion1 or :5 p ?9k f> too v>i\sly on religi\s matt]s to all[ ! ,/ate to adopt a consi/5t & uni=m proc$ure ) respect to !m1 ! way out ( ! difficulty w necess>ily pres5t itself1 namely to treat religion z a private affair & leave x to ! consci5ce & cu/om ( ea* s+le individual4 ,! fir/ result ( all is t religi\s feel+ seems to be /r5g!n$1 inasmu* z hidd5 & suppress$ impulses !re(1 :i* ! ,/ate _h un9t5tionally or int5tionally /ifl$1 n[ break =? & ru% to extremes2 lat] on1 h[ev]1 x is f\nd t religion is ov]-gr[n ) sects1 & t an abundance ( dragon's tee? 7 s[n z soon z religion 0 made a private affair4 ,! spectacle ( /rife1 & ! ho/ile lay+ b>e ( all ! weaknesses ( religi\s confessions1 admit f9ally ( no o!r exp$i5t except t e bett] & m tal5t$ p]son %\ld make irreligi\sness 8 private affair1 a s5tim5t :i* n[ obta9s ! upp] h& ev5 9 ! m9ds ( ! gov]n+ classes1 &1 almo/ aga9/ _! w1 gives an anti-religi\s "* to _! measures4 ,z soon z ?is happ5s1 ! s5tim5t ( p]sons /ill religi\sly dispos$1 :o =m]ly ador$ ! ,/ate z some?+ half sacr$ or :olly sacr$1 *anges into decid$ ho/ility to ! ,/ate2 !y lie 9 wait = gov]nm5tal measures1 seek+ to h9d]1 ?w>t1 & di/urb z mu* z !y c1 &1 by ! fury ( _! contradiction1 drive ! oppos+ p>ties1 ! irreligi\s ones1 into an almo/ fanatical en?usiasm = ! ,/ate2 9 connection ) :i* !re is also ! sil5tly co-op]at+ influ5ce1 t s9ce _! sep>ation f religion ! he>ts ( p]sons 9 ^! circles are consci\s ( a void1 & seek by devotion to ! ,/ate to provide !mselves provisionally ) a sub/itute = religion1 a k9d ( /uff+ = ! void4 ,aft] ^! p]haps l5g?y transitional /ruggles1 x is f9ally decid$ :e!r ! religi\s p>ties are /ill /rong en\gh to revive an old condition ( ?+s1 & turn ! :eel backw>ds3 9 :i* case enlight5$ despotism 7p]haps less enlight5$ & m timor\s ?an =m]ly71 inevitably gets ! ,/ate into its h&s1--or :e!r ! non-religi\s p>ties a*ieve _! purpose1 &1 possibly ?r\gh s*ools & education1 *eck ! increase ( _! oppon5ts dur+ sev]al g5]ations1 & f9ally make !m no long] possible4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 _! en?usiasm = ! ,/ate also abates3 x always becomes m obvi\s t along ) ! religi\s adoration :i* reg>ds ! ,/ate z a my/]y & a sup]natural in/itution1 ! rev]5t & pi\s relation to x has also be5 convuls$4 ,h5ce=? individuals see only t side ( ! ,/ate :i* may be useful or injuri\s to !m1 & press =w>d by all means to obta9 an influ5ce ov] x4 ,b ?is rivalry soon becomes too great2 m5 & p>ties *ange too rapidly1 & ?r[ ea* o!r d[n aga9 too furi\sly f ! m\nta9 :5 !y h only j succe$$ 9 gett+ al(t4 ,all ! measures :i* su* a ,gov]nm5t c>ries out lack ! gu>antee ( p]man5ce2 p !n fight %y ( und]tak+s :i* w\ld require ! sil5t gr[? ( future decades or c5turies to produce ripe fruit4 ,nobody h5ce=? feels any o!r obligation to a law ?an to submit = ! mom5t to ! p[] :i* introduc$ ! law2 p imm$iately set to "w1 h[ev]1 to und]m9e x by a new p[]1 a newly-=m$ majority4 ,f9ally--x may be confid5tly ass]t$--! di/ru/ ( all gov]nm5t1 ! insight into ! useless & h>ass+ nature ( ^! %ort-w9d$ /ruggles1 mu/ drive m5 to an entirely new resolution3 to ! abrogation ( ! conception ( ! ,/ate & ! abolition ( ! contra/ ( private & public4 ,private conc]ns gradually absorb ! bus9ess ( ! ,/ate2 ev5 ! t\ghe/ residue :i* is left ov] f ! old "w ( gov]n+ 7! bus9ess1 = in/ance1 :i* is meant to protect private p]sons f private p]sons7 w at la/ "s day be manag$ by private ent]prise4 ,! neglect1 decl9e1 & dea? ( ! ,/ate1 ! lib]ation ( ! private p]son 7,i am c>eful n to say ! individual71 are ! consequ5ces ( ! democratic conception ( ! ,/ate2 t is its mission4 ,:5 x has accompli%$ its task1--:i*1 l ev]y?+ human1 involves mu* rationality & irrationality1--& :5 all relapses into ! old malady h be5 ov]come1 !n a new leaf 9 ! /ory-book ( humanity w be unroll$1 on :i* read]s w f9d all k9ds ( /range tales & p]haps also "s am\nt ( good4 ,to repeat %ortly :at has be5 said3 ! int]e/s ( ! tutel>y ,gov]nm5t & ! int]e/s ( religion g h&-9-h&1 s t :5 ! latt] beg9s to decay ! f\ndations ( ! ,/ate are also %ak54 ,! belief 9 a div9e regulation ( political affairs1 9 a my/]y 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,/ate1 is ( religi\s orig93 if religion disappe>s1 ! ,/ate w inevitably lose its old veil ( ,isis1 & w no long] ar\se v5]ation4 ,! sov]eignty ( ! p1 look$ at closely1 s]ves also to dispel ! f9al fasc9ation & sup]/ition 9 ! realm ( ^! s5tim5ts2 mod]n democracy is ! hi/orical =m ( ! decay ( ! ,/ate4 ,! outlook :i* results f ?is c]ta9 decay is n1 h[ev]1 un=tunate 9 e respect2 ! wisdom & ! selfi%ness ( m5 are ! be/ develop$ ( all _! qualities2 :5 ! ,/ate no long] meets ! dem&s ( ^! impulses1 *aos w lea/ ( all result1 b a /ill m appropriate exp$i5t ?an ! ,/ate w get ! ma/]y ov] ! ,/ate4 ,h[ man organis+ =ces h already be5 se5 to die out6 ,= example1 t ( ! g5s or clan :i* = mill5nia 0 f> mighti] ?an ! p[] ( ! family1 & inde$ already rul$ & regulat$ long be=e ! latt] exi/$4 ,we ourselves see ! important notions ( ! "r & might ( ! family1 :i* once possess$ ! supremacy z f> z ! ,roman sy/em ext5d$1 always becom+ pal] & feebl]4 ,9 ! same way a lat] g5]ation w also see ! ,/ate become mean+less 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! _w1--an idea :i* _m contempor>ies c h>dly contemplate )\t al>m & horror4 ,to lab\r = ! propagation & realisation ( ?is idea is1 c]ta9ly1 ano!r ?+2 "o mu/ ?9k v presumptu\sly ( "o's reason1 & only half und]/& hi/ory1 to set "o's h& to ! pl\gh at pres5t--:5 z yet no "o c %[ u ! se$s t are aft]w>ds to be s[n ^u ! brok5 soil4 ,let u1 !re=e1 tru/ to ! wisdom & selfi%ness ( m5 t ! ,/ate may yet exi/ a good :ile long]1 & t ! de/ructive attempts ( ov]-zeal\s1 too ha/y scioli/s may be 9 va96 #dgc4 ,,socialism1 ,,) ,,reg>d ,,to ,,its ,,means4--,socialism is ! fanta/ic y\ng] bro!r ( almo/ decrepit despotism1 :i* x wants to succe$2 its ef=ts are1 !re=e1 9 ! deepe/ s5se reaction>y4 ,= x desires su* an am\nt ( ,/ate p[] z only despotism has possess$1--inde$1 x outdoes all ! pa/1 9 t x aims at ! complete annihilation ( ! individual1 :om x deems an unau?oris$ luxury ( nature1 :i* is to be improv$ by x into an appropriate organ ( ! g5]al community4 ,ow+ to its relation%ip1 x always appe>s 9 proximity to excessive developm5ts ( p[]1 l ! old typical sociali/1 ,plato1 at ! c\rt ( ! ,sicilian tyrant2 x desires 7& "u c]ta9 circum/ances fur!rs7 ! ,cs>ian despotism ( ?is c5tury1 because1 z has be5 said1 x w\ld l to become its heir4 ,b ev5 ?is inh]itance w\ld n suffice = its objects1 x requires ! mo/ submissive pro/ration ( all citiz5s be=e ! absolute ,/ate1 su* z has nev] yet be5 realis$2 & z x c no long] ev5 c\nt ^u ! old religi\s piety t[>ds ! ,/ate1 b mu/ r /rive involunt>ily & cont9u\sly = ! abolition !re(1--because x /rives = ! abolition ( all exi/+ ,/ates1--x c only hope = exi/5ce occasionally1 "h & !re = %ort p]iods1 by means ( ! extreme/ t]rorism4 ,x is !re=e sil5tly prep>+ itself = reigns ( t]ror1 & drives ! ^w ju/ice l a nail into ! heads ( ! half-cultur$ masses 9 ord] to deprive !m completely ( _! und]/&+ 7aft] !y _h already suff]$ s]i\sly f ! half-culture71 & to provide !m ) a good consci5ce = ! bad game !y are to play4 ,socialism may s]ve to tea*1 v brutally & impressively1 ! dang] ( all accumulations ( ,/ate p[]1 & may s]ve s f> to inspire di/ru/ ( ! ,/ate itself4 ,:5 its r\gh voice /rikes up ! way-cry z mu* ,/ate z possible1 ! %\t at fir/ becomes l\d] ?an ev]1--b soon ! opposition cry also breaks =?1 ) s mu* great] =ce3 z little ,/ate z possible4 #dgd4 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,m9d ,,fe>$ ,,by ,,! ,,/ate4--,! ,greek polis 01 l e organis+ political p[]1 exclusive & di/ru/ful ( ! gr[? ( culture2 its p[]ful fundam5tal impulse seem$ almo/ solely to h a p>alys+ & ob/ructive effect !reon4 ,x did n want to let any hi/ory or any becom+ h a place 9 culture2 ! education laid d[n 9 ! ,/ate laws 0 meant to be obligatory on all g5]ations to keep !m at "o /age ( developm5t4 ,plato also1 lat] on1 did n desire x to be o!rwise 9 8 ideal ,/ate4 ,9 spite ( ! polis culture develop$ itself 9 ?is mann]2 indirectly to be sure1 & aga9/ its w1 ! polis furni%$ assi/ance because ! ambition ( individuals !re9 0 /imulat$ to ! utmo/1 s t1 hav+ once f\nd ! pa? ( intellectual developm5t1 !y foll[$ x to its f>!/ extremity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 appeal %\ld n be made to ! panegyric ( ,p]icles1 = x is only a great optimi/ic dream ab\t ! alleg$ necess>y connection betwe5 ! ,polis & ,a!nian culture2 imm$iately be=e ! night fell ov] ,a!ns ! plague & ! breakd[n ( tradition1 ,?ucydides makes ?is culture fla% up once m l ( ! evil day t _h prec$$4 #dge4 ,,european ,,man ,,& ,,! ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,nationalities4--,comm]ce & indu/ry1 int]*ange ( books & lett]s1 ! univ]sality ( all high] culture1 ! rapid *ang+ ( locality & l&scape1 & ! pres5t nomadic life ( all :o are n l&[n]s1--^! circum/ances necess>ily br+ ) !m a weak5+1 & f9ally a de/ruction ( nationalities1 at lea/ ( ,european nationalities2 s t1 9 consequ5ce ( p]petual cross+s1 !re mu/ arise out ( !m all a mix$ race1 t ( ! ,european man4 ,at pres5t ! isolation ( nations1 ?r\gh ! rise ( national enmities1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly c\nt]acts ?is t5d5cy2 b nev]!less ! process ( fus+ advances sl[ly1 9 spite ( ^? occasional c\nt]-curr5ts4 ,?is artificial nationalism is1 h[ev]1 z dang]\s z 0 artificial ,ca?olicism1 = x is ess5tially an un natural condition ( extremity & m>tial la :i* has be5 proclaim$ by ! few ov] ! _m1 & requires artifice1 ly+1 & =ce ma9ta9 its reputation4 ,x is n ! int]e/s ! _m 7( ! peoples71 z !y probably say1 b x is fir/ ( all ! int]e/s ( c]ta9 pr9cely dyna/ies1 & !n ( c]ta9 comm]cial & social classes1 :i* impel to ?is nationalism2 once we h recognis$ ?is fact1 we %\ld j fe>lessly /yle ourselves good ,europeans & lab\r actively = ! amalgamation ( nations2 9 :i* ef=ts ,g]mans may assi/ by virtue ( _! h]$it>y position z int]pret]s & int]m$i>ies betwe5 nations4 ,by ! way1 ! great problem ( ! ,jews only exi/s )9 ! national ,/ates1 inasmu* z _! en]gy & high] intellig5ce1 _! intellectual & volitional capital1 accumulat$ f g5]ation to g5]ation 9 t$i\s s*ools ( suff]+1 mu/ necess>ily atta9 to univ]sal supremacy "h to an ext5t provocative ( envy & hatr$2 s t ! lit]>y misconduct is becom+ preval5t 9 almo/ all mod]n nations --& all ! m s z !y aga9 set up to be national--( sacrific+ ! ,jews z ! scape-goats ( all possible public & private abuses4 ,s soon z x is no long] a "q ( ! pres]vation or e/abli%m5t ( nations1 b ( ! production & tra9+ ( a ,european mix$-race ( ! greate/ possible /r5g?1 ! ,jew is j z useful & desirable an +r$i5t z any o!r national remnant4 ,e nation1 e individual1 has unpleasant & ev5 dang]\s qualities1--x is cruel to require t ! ,jew %\ld be an exception4 ,^? qualities may ev5 be dang]\s & frightful 9 a special degree 9 8 case2 & p]haps ! "y ,/ock-,ex*ange ,jew is 9 g5]al ! mo/ repulsive inv5tion ( ! human species4 ,nev]!less1 9 a g5]al summ+ up1 ,i %\ld l to "k h[ mu* mu/ be excus$ 9 a nation :i*1 n )\t blame on ! "p ( all ( u1 has _h ! mo/ m\rnful hi/ory ( all nations1 & to :i* we owe ! mo/ lov+ ( m5 7,*ri/71 ! mo/ upright ( sages 7,sp9oza71 ! mightie/ book1 & ! mo/ effective moral law 9 ! _w8 ,moreov]1 9 ! d>ke/ times ( ! ,middle ,ages1 :5 ,asiatic cl\ds _h ga!r$ d>kly ov] ,europe1 x 0 ,jewi% free-?9k]s1 s*ol>s1 & physicians :o upheld ! bann] ( enlight5m5t & ( intellectual indep5d5ce "u ! sev]e/ p]sonal suff]+s1 & def5d$ ,europe aga9/ ,asia2 we owe x n lea/ to _! ef=ts t a m natural1 m reasonable1 at all ev5ts un-my?ical1 explanation ( ! _w 0 f9ally able to get ! upp] h& once m1 & t ! l9k ( culture :i* n[ unites u ) ! enlight5m5t ( ,greco-,roman antiquity has rema9$ unbrok54 ,if ,*ri/ianity has done ev]y?+ to ori5talise ! ,occid5t1 ,judaism has assi/$ ess5tially 9 occid5talis+ x anew2 :i*1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 is equival5t to mak+ ,europe's mission & hi/ory a cont9uation ( t ( ,greece4 #dgf4 ,,app>5t ,,sup]iority ,,( ,,! ,,middle ,,ages4--,! ,middle ,ages pres5t 9 ! ,*ur* an in/itution ) an absolutely univ]sal aim1 involv+ ! :ole ( humanity1--an aim1 moreov]1 :i*--presum$ly--conc]n$ man's highe/ int]e/s2 9 comp>ison !re) ! aims ( ! ,/ates & nations :i* mod]n hi/ory exhibits make a pa9ful impression2 !y seem petty1 base1 mat]ial1 & re/rict$ 9 ext5t4 ,b ?is diff]5t impression on our imag9ation %\ld c]ta9ly n det]m9e our judgm5t2 = t univ]sal in/itution correspond$ to feign$ & fictiti\sly fo/]$ ne$s1 su* z ! ne$ ( salvation1 :i*1 :]ev] !y did n already exi/1 x _h fir/ ( all to create3 !1 new in/itutions1 h[ev]1 relieve actual di/resses2 & ! "t is com+ :5 in/itutions w arise to m9i/] to ! common1 g5u9e ne$s ( all m51 & to ca/ t fanta/ic prototype1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 into %ade & oblivion4 #dgg4 ,,w> ,,indisp5sable4--,x is no?+ b fanaticism & beautiful s\lism to expect v mu* 7or ev51 mu* only7 f humanity :5 x has =gott5 h[ to wage w>4 ,= ! pres5t we "k ( no o!r means :]eby ! r\gh en]gy ( ! camp1 ! deep imp]sonal hatr$1 ! cold-blood$ness ( murd] ) a good consci5ce1 ! g5]al ard\r ( ! sy/em 9 ! de/ruction ( ! enemy1 ! pr\d indiff]5ce to great losses1 to "o's own exi/5ce & t ( "o's fri5ds1 ! holl[1 e>?quake-l convulsion ( ! s\l1 c be z =cibly & c]ta9ly communicat$ to en]vat$ nations z is done by e great w>3 ow+ to ! brooks & /reams t "h break =?1 :i*1 c]ta9ly1 sweep /ones & rubbi% ( all sorts along ) !m & de/roy ! mead[s ( delicate cultures1 ! me*anism 9 ! work%ops ( ! m9d is aft]w>ds1 9 fav\rable circum/ances1 rotat$ by new p[]4 ,culture c by no means disp5se ) passions1 vices1 & malignities4 ,:5 ! ,romans1 aft] hav+ become ,imp]ial1 _h gr[n r tir$ ( w>1 !y attempt$ to ga9 new /r5g? by bea/-bait+s1 gladiatoral combats1 & ,*ri/ian p]secutions4 ,! ,engli% ( to-day1 :o appe> on ! :ole to h also r5\nc$ w>1 adopt o!r means 9 ord] to g5]ate anew ^? vani%+ =ces2 namely1 ! dang]\s explor+ exp$itions1 sea voyages & m\nta9e]+s1 nom9ally und]tak5 = sci5tific purposes1 b 9 reality to br+ home surplus /r5g? f adv5tures & dang]s ( all k9ds4 ,_m o!r su* sub/itutes = w> w be discov]$1 b p]haps precisely !reby x w become m & m obvi\s t su* a highly cultivat$ & !re=e necess>ily enfeebl$ humanity z t ( mod]n ,europe n only ne$s w>s1 b ! greate/ & mo/ t]rible w>s1--consequ5tly occasional relapses into b>b>ism1--le/1 by ! means ( culture1 x %\ld lose its culture & its v exi/5ce4 #dgh4 ,,indu/ry ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,,& ,,! ,,nor?4--,indu/ry arises 9 two entirely diff]5t ways4 ,! artisans ( ! ,s\? are n indu/ri\s because ( acquisitiv5ess b because ( ! con/ant ne$s ( o!rs4 ,! smi? is indu/ri\s because "s "o is always com+ :o wants a horse %od or a c>riage m5d$4 ,if nobody came he w\ld loit] ab\t 9 ! m>ket-place4 ,9 a fruitful l& he has little tr\ble 9 support+ himself1 = t purpose he requires only a v small am\nt ( "w1 c]ta9ly no indu/ry2 ev5tually he w\ld beg & be cont5t$4 ,! indu/ry ( ,engli% workm51 on ! contr>y1 has acquisitiv5ess beh9d x2 x is consci\s ( itself & its aims2 ) prop]ty x wants p[]1 & ) p[] ! greate/ possible lib]ty & individual di/9ction4 #dgi4 ,,weal? ,,z ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,a ,,nobility ,,( ,,race4--,weal? necess>ily creates an ari/ocracy ( race1 = x p]mits ! *oice ( ! mo/ beautiful wom5 & ! engagem5t ( ! be/ tea*]s2 x all[s a man cleanl9ess1 "t = physical ex]cises1 &1 above all1 immunity f dull+ physical lab\r4 ,s f> x provides all ! conditions = mak+ man1 aft] a few g5]ations1 move & ev5 act nobly & h&somely3 great] fre$om ( "* & abs5ce ( nigg>dl9ess1 ( wret*$ly petty matt]s1 & ( abasem5t be=e bread-giv]s4 ,x is precisely ^! negative qualities :i* are ! mo/ pr(itable bir?day gift1 t ( happ9ess1 = ! "y man2 a p]son :o is q poor usually comes to grief ?r\gh nobility ( disposition1 he does n get on1 & acquires no?+1 8 race is n capable ( liv+4 ,9 ?is connection1 h[ev]1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t weal? produces almo/ ! same effects :e!r "o h ?ree hundr$ or ?irty ?\s& ?al]s a ye>2 !re is no fur!r ess5tial progression ( ! fav\rable conditions aft]w>ds4 ,b to h less1 to beg 9 boyhood & to abase "o's self is t]rible1 al?\gh x may be ! prop] />t+-po9t = su* z seek _! happ9ess 9 ! spl5d\r ( c\rts1 9 subord9ation to ! mighty1 & influ5tial1 or = su* z wi% to be heads ( ! ,*ur*4 7,x tea*es h[ to sl9k cr\*+ into ! und]gr\nd passages to fav\r47 #dhj4 ,,envy ,,& ,,in]tia ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,c\rses4--,! two oppos+ p>ties1 ! sociali/ & ! national1--or :atev] !y may be call$ 9 ! diff]5t c\ntries ( ,europe1--are wor?y ( ea* o!r2 envy & laz9ess are ! motive p[]s 9 ea* ( !m4 ,9 ! "o camp !y desire to "w z little z possible ) _! h&s1 9 ! o!r z little z possible ) _! heads2 9 ! latt] !y hate & envy prom95t1 self-evolv+ individuals1 :o d n will+ly all[ !mselves to be drawn up 9 rank & file = ! purpose ( a collective effect2 9 ! =m] !y hate & envy ! bett] social ca/e1 :i* is m fav\rably circum/anc$ outw>dly1 ^: peculi> mission1 ! production ( ! highe/ bless+s ( culture1 makes life inw>dly all ! h>d] & m pa9ful4 ,c]ta9ly1 if x be possible to make ! _s ( ! collective effect ! _s ( ! high] classes ( society1 ! sociali/ cr[ds are q "r1 :5 !y also seek outw>d equalisation betwe5 !mselves & ^! classes1 s9ce !y are c]ta9ly int]nally equalis$ ) "o ano!r already 9 head & he>t4 ,live z high] m51 & always d ! de$s ( high] culture1--?us ev]y?+ t lives w ackn[l$ge y\r "r1 & ! ord] ( society1 ^: summit ye are1 w be safe f e evil glance & attack6 #dha4 ,,high ,,politics ,,& ,,_! ,,detrim5ts4--,j z a nation does n suff] ! greate/ losses t w> & read9ess = w> involve ?r\gh ! exp5ses ( ! w>1 or ! /oppage ( trade & traffic1 or ?r\gh ! ma9t5ance ( a /&+ army1--h[ev] great ^! losses may n[ be1 :5 eight ,european ,/ates exp5d ye>ly ! sum ( five milli>ds ( m>ks !reon1--b ow+ to ! fact t ye> aft] ye> its able/1 /ronge/1 & mo/ indu/ri\s m5 are )drawn 9 extraord9>y numb]s f _! prop] occupations & call+s to be turn$ into soldi]s3 9 ! same way1 a nation t sets ab\t practis+ high politics & secur+ a decisive voice among ! great ,p[]s does n suff] its greate/ losses :]e !y are usually suppos$ to be4 ,9 fact1 f ?is "t onw>d x con/antly sacrifices a numb] ( its mo/ conspicu\s tal5ts ^u ! ,alt> ( ! ,fa!rl& or ( national ambition1 :il/ =m]ly o!r sph]es ( activity 7 op5 to ^? tal5ts :i* are n[ swall[$ up by politics4 ,b ap>t f ^! public hecatombs1 & 9 reality mu* m horrible1 !re is a drama :i* is con/antly be+ p]=m$ simultane\sly 9 a hundr$ ?\s& acts2 e able1 indu/ri\s1 intellectually /riv+ man ( a nation t ?us covets political laurels1 is sway$ by ?is covet\sness1 & no long] belongs entirely to himself alone z he did =m]ly2 ! new daily que/ions & c>es ( ! public welf>e dev\r a daily tribute ( ! intellectual & emotional capital ( e citiz52 ! sum ( all ^! sacrifices & losses (1 individual en]gy & lab\r is s enorm\s1 t ! political gr[? ( a nation almo/ necess>ily entails an intellectual impov]i%m5t & lassitude1 a dim9i%$ capacity = ! p]=mance ( works t require great conc5tration & specialisation4 ,! "q may f9ally be ask$3 ,does x !n pay1 all ?is bloom & magnific5ce ( ! total 7:i* inde$ only manife/s itself z ! fe> ( ! new ,colossus 9 o!r nations1 & z ! compulsory fav\r+ by !m ( national trade & comm]ce7 :5 all ! nobl]1 f9]1 & m intellectual plants & products1 9 :i* its soil 0 hi!rto s ri*1 mu/ be sacrific$ to ?is co>se & opalesc5t fl[] ( ! nation8#b #dhb4 ,,repeat$ ,,once ,,m4--,public op9ion--private laz9ess4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is aphorism may h be5 sugge/$ by ,nietzs*e's obs]v+ ! behavi\r ( 8 great contempor>y1 ,bism>ck1 t[>ds ! dyna/y4--,j4,m4,k4 ,footnote #b3 ,?is is once m an allusion to mod]n ,g]many4--,j4,m4,k4 ,,n9? ,,division4 ,,man ,,alone ,,by ,,himself4 #dhc4 ,,! ,,enemies ,,( ,,tru?4--,convictions are m dang]\s enemies ( tru? ?an lies4 #dhd4 ,a ,,topsy-,,turvy ,,_w4--,we criticise a ?9k] m sev]ely :5 he puts an unpleasant /atem5t be=e u2 & yet x w\ld be m reasonable to d s :5 we f9d 8 /atem5t pleasant4 #dhe4 ,,decid$ ,,"*4--,a man f> (t5] appe>s to h a decid$ "* f p]si/5tly foll[+ 8 temp]am5t ?an f p]si/5tly foll[+ 8 pr9ciples4 #dhf4 ,,! ,,"o ,,?+ ,,ne$ful4--,"o ?+ a man mu/ h3 ei!r a naturally light disposition or a disposition light5$ by art & k4 #dhg4 ,,! ,,passion ,,= ,,?+s4--,:oev] sets 8 passion on ?+s 7sci5ces1 arts1 ! common weal1 ! int]e/s ( culture7 )draws mu* f]v\r f 8 passion = p]sons 7ev5 :5 !y are ! repres5tatives ( ^? ?+s2 z /atesm51 philosoph]s1 & arti/s are ! repres5tatives ( _! creations74 #dhh4 ,,calmness ,,9 ,,action4--,z a cascade 9 its desc5t becomes m delib]ate & susp5d$1 s ! great man ( action usually acts ) m calmness ?an 8 /rong passions previ\s to action w\ld lead "o to expect4 #dhi4 ,,n ,,too ,,deep4--,p]sons :o grasp a matt] 9 all its dep? seldom rema9 p]man5tly true to x4 ,!y h j br\ght ! dep? up into ! light1 & !re is always mu* evil to be se5 !re4 #dij4 ,,! ,,illusion ,,( ,,ideali/s4--,all ideali/s imag9e t ! cause :i* !y s]ve is ess5tially bett] ?an all o!r causes1 & w n believe t if _! cause is really to fl\ri% x requires precisely ! same evil-smell+ manure :i* all o!r human und]tak+s h ne$ (4 #dia4 ,,self-,,obs]vation4--,man is exce$+ly well protect$ f himself & gu>d$ aga9/ 8 self-explor+ & self-besieg+2 z a rule he c p]ceive no?+ ( himself b 8 outworks4 ,! actual =tress is inaccessible1 & ev5 invisible1 to him1 unless fri5ds & enemies become traitors & lead him inside by secret pa?s4 #dib4 ,,! ,,"r ,,call+4--,m5 c seldom hold on to a call+ unless !y believe or p]suade !mselves t x is really m important ?an any o!r4 ,wom5 are ! same ) _! lov]s4 #dic4 ,,nobility ,,( ,,disposition4--,nobility ( disposition consi/s l>gely 9 good-nature & abs5ce ( di/ru/1 & !re=e conta9s precisely t ^u :i* money-grabb+ & successful m5 take a pleasure 9 walk+ ) sup]iority & scorn4 #did4 ,,goal ,,& ,,pa?4--,_m are ob/9ate ) reg>d to ! once-*os5 pa?1 few ) reg>d to ! goal4 #die4 ,,! ,,(f5siv5ess ,,9 ,,an ,,individual ,,way ,,( ,,life4--,all specially individual l9es ( conduct excite irritation aga9/ him :o adopts !m2 p feel !mselves r$uc$ to ! level ( commonplace creatures by ! extraord9>y treatm5t he be/[s on himself4 #dif4 ,,! ,,privilege ,,( ,,greatness4--,x is ! privilege ( greatness to conf] int5se happ9ess ) insignificant gifts4 #dig4 ,,un9t5tionally ,,noble4--,a p]son behaves ) un9t5tional nobl5ess :5 he has accu/om$ himself to seek naught f o!rs & always to give to !m4 #dih4 ,a ,,condition ,,( ,,h]oism4--,:5 a p]son wi%es to become a h]o1 ! s]p5t mu/ previ\sly h become a dragon1 o!rwise he lacks 8 prop] enemy4 #dii4 ,,fri5ds4--,fell[%ip 9 joy1 &1 n sympa?y 9 sorr[1 makes p fri5ds4 #ejj4 ,,mak+ ,,use ,,( ,,ebb ,,& ,,fl[4--,= ! purpose ( k we mu/ "k h[ to make use ( ! inw>d curr5t :i* draws u t[>ds a ?+1 & also ( ! curr5t :i* aft] a "t draws u away f x4 #eja4 ,,joy ,,9 ,,itself4--,joy 9 ! ,?+ p say2 b 9 reality x is joy 9 itself by means ( ! ?+4 #ejb4 ,,! ,,unassum+ ,,man4--,he :o is unassum+ t[>ds p]sons manife/s 8 presumption all ! m ) reg>d to ?+s 7t[n1 ,/ate1 society1 "t1 humanity74 ,t is 8 rev5ge4 #ejc4 ,,envy ,,& ,,jeal\sy4--,envy & jeal\sy are ! pud5da ( ! human s\l4 ,! comp>ison may p]haps be c>ri$ fur!r4 #ejd4 ,,! ,,noble/ ,,hypocrite4--,x is a v noble hypocrisy n to talk ( "o's self at all4 #eje4 ,,vexation4--,vexation is a physical disease1 :i* is n by any means cur$ :5 its cause is subsequ5tly remov$4 #ejf4 ,,! ,,*ampions ,,( ,,tru?4--,tru? does n f9d fewe/ *ampions :5 x is dang]\s to speak x1 b :5 x is dull4 #ejg4 ,,m ,,tr\blesome ,,ev5 ,,?an ,,enemies4--,p]sons ( ^: sympa!tic attitude we are n1 9 all circum/ances1 conv9c$1 :ile = "s reason or o!r 7gratitude1 = in/ance7 we are oblig$ to ma9ta9 ! appe>ance ( unqualifi$ sympa?y ) !m1 tr\ble our imag9ation f> m ?an our enemies d4 #ejh4 ,,free ,,nature4--,we are s fond ( be+ out among ,nature1 because x has no op9ions ab\t u4 #eji4 ,,ea* ,,sup]ior ,,9 ,,"o ,,?+4--,9 civilis$ int]c\rse e "o feels himself sup]ior to all o!rs 9 at lea/ "o ?+2 k9dly feel+s g5]ally are bas$ !reon1 inasmu* z e "o c1 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 r5d] help1 & is !re=e entitl$ to accept help )\t %ame4 #eaj4 ,,consolatory ,,argum5ts4--,9 ! case ( a dea? we mo/ly use consolatory argum5ts n s mu* to alleviate ! grief z to make excuses = feel+ s easily consol$4 #eaa4 ,,p]sons ,,loyal ,,to ,,_! ,,convictions4--,:oev] is v busy reta9s 8 g5]al views & op9ions almo/ un*ang$4 ,s also does e "o :o lab\rs 9 ! s]vice ( an idea2 he w nev]more exam9e ! idea itself1 he no long] has any "t to d s2 inde$1 x is aga9/ 8 int]e/s to consid] x z /ill admitt+ ( discussion4 #eab4 ,,morality ,,& ,,quantity4--,! high] morality ( "o man z comp>$ ) t ( ano!r1 (t5 lies m]ely 9 ! fact t 8 aims are quantitively great]4 ,! o!r1 liv+ 9 a circumscrib$ sph]e1 is dragg$ d[n by petty occupations4 #eac4 ,,! ,,life ,,z ,,! ,,proce$s ,,( ,,life4--,a man may /ret* himself out ev] s f> ) 8 k2 he may seem to himself ev] s objective1 b ev5tually he realises no?+ !refrom b 8 own biography4 #ead4 ,,iron ,,necessity4--,iron necessity is a ?+ :i* has be5 f\nd1 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 to be nei!r iron nor necess>y4 #eae4 ,,f ,,exp]i5ce4--,! unreasonabl5ess ( a ?+ is no argum5t aga9/ its exi/5ce1 b r a condition !re(4 #eaf4 ,,tru?4--,nobody dies n[adays ( fatal tru?s1 !re are too _m antidotes to !m4 #eag4 ,a ,,fundam5tal ,,insight4--,!re is no pre-e/abli%$ h>mony betwe5 ! promotion ( tru? & ! welf>e ( mank9d4 #eah4 ,,man',s ,,lot4--,he :o ?9ks mo/ deeply kn[s t he is always 9 ! wrong1 h[ev] he may act & decide4 #eai4 ,,tru? ,,z ,,circe4--,error has made animals into m52 is tru? p]haps capable ( mak+ man into an animal aga98 #ebj4 ,,! ,,dang] ,,( ,,our ,,culture4--,we belong to a p]iod ( :i* ! culture is 9 dang] ( be+ de/roy$ by ! appliances ( culture4 #eba4 ,,greatness ,,means ,,lead+ ,,! ,,way4--,no /ream is l>ge & copi\s ( itself1 b becomes great by receiv+ & lead+ on s _m tribut>y /reams4 ,x is s1 also1 ) all intellectual greatnesses4 ,x is only a "q ( "s "o indicat+ ! direction to be foll[$ by s _m afflu5ts2 n :e!r he 0 ri*ly or poorly gift$ orig9ally4 #ebb4 ,a ,,feeble ,,consci5ce4--,p :o talk ab\t _! importance to mank9d h a feeble consci5ce = common b\rgeois rectitude1 keep+ ( contracts1 promises1 etc4 #ebc4 ,,desir+ ,,to ,,be ,,lov$4--,! dem& to be lov$ is ! greate/ ( presumptions4 #ebd4 ,,contempt ,,= ,,m54--,! mo/ unequivocal sign ( contempt = man is to reg>d ev]ybody m]ely z a means to "o's own ends1 or ( no acc\nt :atev]4 #ebe4 ,,p>tisans ,,?r\gh ,,contradiction4--,:oev] has driv5 m5 to fury aga9/ himself has also ga9$ a p>ty 9 8 fav\r4 #ebf4 ,,=gett+ ,,exp]i5ces4--,:oev] ?9ks mu* & to good purpose easily =gets 8 own exp]i5ces1 b n ! ?\ghts :i* ^! exp]i5ces h call$ =?4 #ebg4 ,,/ick+ ,,to ,,an ,,op9ion4--,"o p]son /icks to an op9ion because he takes pride 9 hav+ acquir$ x himself1--ano!r /icks to x because he has le>nt x ) difficulty & is pr\d ( hav+ und]/ood x2 bo? ( !m1 !re=e1 out ( vanity4 #ebh4 ,,avoid+ ,,! ,,light4--,good de$s avoid ! light j z anxi\sly z evil de$s2 ! latt] fe> t pa9 w result f publicity 7z puni%m5t71 ! =m] fe> t pleasure w vani% ) publicity 7! pure pleasure p] se1 :i* ceases z soon z satisfaction ( vanity is add$ to x74 #ebi4 ,,! ,,l5g? ,,( ,,! ,,day4--,:5 "o has mu* to put into !m1 a day has a hundr$ pockets4 #ecj4 ,,! ,,g5ius ,,( ,,tyranny4--,:5 an inv9cible desire to obta9 tyrannical p[] has be5 awak5$ 9 ! s\l1 & con/antly keeps up its f]v\r1 ev5 a v m$iocre tal5t 79 politicians1 arti/s1 etc47 gradually becomes an almo/ irresi/ible natural =ce4 #eca4 ,,! ,,enemy',s ,,life4--,he :o lives by fight+ ) an enemy has an int]e/ 9 ! pres]vation ( ! enemy's life4#a #ecb4 ,,m ,,important4--,unexpla9$1 obscure matt]s are reg>d$ z m important ?an expla9$1 cle> ones4 #ecc4 ,,valuation ,,( ,,s]vices ,,r5d]$4--,we e/imate s]vices r5d]$ to u accord+ to ! value set on !m by ^? :o r5d] !m1 n accord+ to ! value !y h = u4 #ecd4 ,,unhapp9ess4--,! di/9ction associat$ ) unhapp9ess 7z if x 7 a sign ( /upidity1 unambiti\sness1 or commonplac5ess to feel happy7 is s great t :5 any "o says to u1 ,h[ happy y are6 we usually prote/4 #ece4 ,,imag9ation ,,9 ,,angui%4--,:5 "o is afraid ( any?+1 "o's imag9ation plays ! "p ( t evil _s :i* spr+s on "o's back j :5 "o has ! heavie/ load to be>4 #ecf4 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,insipid ,,oppon5ts4--,we sometimes rema9 fai?ful to a cause m]ely because its oppon5ts nev] cease to be insipid4 #ecg4 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,a ,,pr(ession4--,a pr(ession makes u ?\ghtless2 t is its greate/ bless+4 ,= x is a bulw>k beh9d :i* we are p]mitt$ to )draw :5 commonplace d\bts & c>es assail u4 #ech4 ,,tal5t4--,_m a man's tal5t appe>s less ?an x is1 because he has always set himself too heavy tasks4 #eci4 ,,y\?4--,y\? is an unpleasant p]iod2 = !n x is n possible or n prud5t to be productive 9 any s5se :atsoev]4 #edj4 ,,too ,,great ,,aims4--,:oev] aims publicly at great ?+s & at l5g? p]ceives secretly t he is too weak to a*ieve !m1 has usually also insuffici5t /r5g? to r5\nce 8 aims publicly1 & !n inevitably becomes a hypocrite4 #eda4 ,,9 ,,! ,,curr5t4--,mighty wat]s sweep _m /ones & %rubs away ) !m2 mighty spirits _m fooli% & confus$ m9ds4 #edb4 ,,! ,,dang]s ,,( ,,intellectual ,,emancipation4--,9 a s]i\sly int5d$ intellectual emancipation a p]son's mute passions & crav+s also hope to f9d _! advantage4 #edc4 ,,! ,,inc>nation ,,( ,,! ,,m9d4--,:5 any "o ?9ks mu* & to good purpose1 n only 8 face b also 8 body acquires a sage look4 #edd4 ,,see+ ,,badly ,,& ,,he>+ ,,badly4--,! man :o sees little always sees less ?an !re is to see2 ! man :o he>s badly always he>s some?+ m ?an !re is to he>4 #ede4 ,,self-,,enjoym5t ,,9 ,,vanity4--,! va9 man does n wi% s mu* to be prom95t z to feel himself prom95t2 he !re=e disda9s none ( ! exp$i5ts = self-deception & self-out-witt+4 ,x is n ! op9ion ( o!rs t he sets 8 he>t on1 b 8 op9ion ( _! op9ion #edf4 ,,exceptionally ,,va94--,he :o is usually self-suffici5t becomes exceptionally va91 & ke5ly alive to fame & praise :5 he is physically ill4 ,! m he loses himself ! m he has to endeav\r to rega9 8 position by means ( ! op9ion ( o!rs4 #edg4 ,,! ,,witty4--,^? :o seek wit d n possess x4 #edh4 ,a ,,h9t ,,to ,,! ,,heads ,,( ,,p>ties4--,:5 "o c make p publicly support a cause !y h also g5]ally be5 br\ght to ! po9t ( inw>dly decl>+ !mselves 9 its fav\r1 because !y wi% to be reg>d$ z consi/5t4 #edi4 ,,contempt4--,man is m s5sitive to ! contempt ( o!rs ?an to self-contempt4 #eej4 ,,! ,,tie ,,( ,,gratitude4--,!re are s]vile s\ls :o c>ry s f> _! s5se ( obligation = b5efits receiv$ t !y /rangle !mselves ) ! tie ( gratitude4 #eea4 ,,! ,,prophet',s ,,knack4--,9 pr$ict+ be=eh& ! proc$ure ( ord9>y individuals1 x mu/ be tak5 = grant$ t !y always make use ( ! smalle/ intellectual exp5diture 9 free+ !mselves f disagreeable situations4 #eeb4 ,,man',s ,,sole ,,"r4--,he :o sw]ves f ! traditional is a victim ( ! unusual2 he :o keeps to ! traditional is its slave4 ,! man is ru9$ 9 ei!r case4 #eec4 ,,bel[ ,,! ,,bea/4--,:5 a man ro>s ) laught] he surpasses all ! animals by 8 vulg>ity4 #eed4 ,,p>tial ,,k4--,he :o speaks a =eign language imp]fectly has m enjoym5t !re9 ?an he :o speaks x well4 ,! enjoym5t is ) ! p>tially initiat$4 #eee4 ,,dang]\s ,,helpfulness4--,!re are p :o wi% to make human life h>d] = no o!r reason ?an to be able aft]w>ds to (f] m5 _! life-alleviat+ recipes--_! ,*ri/ianity1 = example4 #eef4 ,,indu/ri\sness ,,& ,,consci5ti\sness4--,indu/ri\sness & consci5ti\sness are (t5 antagoni/s1 ow+ to ! fact t indu/ri\sness wants to pluck ! fruit s\r f ! tree :ile consci5ti\sness wants to let x hang too long1 until x falls & is bruis$4 #eeg4 ,,ca/+ ,,suspicion4--,we endeav\r to ca/ suspicion on p]sons :om we _c endure4 #eeh4 ,,! ,,conditions ,,are ,,lack+4--,_m p wait all _! lives = ! opportunity to be good 9 _! own way4 #eei4 ,,lack ,,( ,,fri5ds4--,lack ( fri5ds leads to ! inf]5ce t a p]son is envi\s or presumptu\s4 ,_m a man owes 8 fri5ds m]ely to ! =tunate circum/ance t he has no occasion = envy4 #efj4 ,,dang] ,,9 ,,manifoldness4--,) "o tal5t m we (t5 /& less firmly ?an ) "o less2 j z a table /&s bett] on ?ree feet ?an on f\r4 #efa4 ,,an ,,exempl> ,,= ,,o!rs4--,:oev] wants to set a good example mu/ add a gra9 ( folly to 8 virtue2 p !n imitate _! exempl> & at ! same "t raise !mselves above him1 a ?+ !y love to d4 #efb4 ,,be+ ,a ,,t>get4--,! bad ?+s o!rs say ab\t u are (t5 n really aim$ at u1 b are ! manife/ations ( spite or ill-hum\r occasion$ by q diff]5t causes4 #efc4 ,,easily ,,resign$4--,we suff] b little on acc\nt ( ungratifi$ wi%es if we h ex]cis$ our imag9ation 9 di/ort+ ! pa/4 #efd4 ,,9 ,,dang]4--,"o is 9 greate/ dang] ( be+ run ov] :5 "o has j got out ( ! way ( a c>riage4 #efe4 ,,! ,,role ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,voice4--,:oev] is oblig$ to speak l\d] ?an he naturally does 7say1 to a p>tially deaf p]son or be=e a l>ge audi5ce71 usually exagg]ates :at he has to communicate4 ,_m a "o becomes a conspirator1 malevol5t gossip1 or intrigu]1 m]ely because 8 voice is be/ suit$ = :isp]+4 #eff4 ,,love ,,& ,,hatr$4--,love & hatr$ are n bl9d1 b are dazzl$ by ! fire :i* !y c>ry ab\t ) !m4 #efg4 ,,advantage\sly ,,p]secut$4--,p :o _c make _! m]its p]fectly obvi\s to ! _w endeav\r to awak5 a /rong ho/ility aga9/ !mselves4 ,!y h !n ! consolation ( ?9k+ t ?is ho/ility /&s betwe5 _! m]its & ! ackn[l$gm5t !re(--- & t _m o!rs ?9k ! same ?+1 :i* is v advantage\s = _! recognition4 #efh4 ,,confession4--,we =get our fault :5 we h confess$ x to ano!r p]son1 b he does n g5]ally =get x4 #efi4 ,,self-,,suffici5cy4--,! ,gold5 ,fleece ( self-suffici5cy is a protection aga9/ bl[s1 b n aga9/ ne$le-pricks4 #egj4 ,,%ad[s ,,9 ,,! ,,flame4--,! flame is n s bright to itself z to ^? :om x illum9ates1--s also ! wise man4 #ega4 ,,our ,,own ,,op9ions4--,! fir/ op9ion t occurs to u :5 we are sudd5ly ask$ ab\t any?+ is n usually our own1 b only ! curr5t op9ion belong+ to our ca/e1 position1 or family2 our own op9ions seldom float on ! surface4 #egb4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,c\rage4--,! ord9>y man is z c\rage\s & invuln]able z a h]o :5 he does n see ! dang]1 :5 he has no eyes = x4 ,rev]sely1 ! h]o has 8 "o vuln]able spot ^u ! back1 :]e he has no eyes4 #egc4 ,,! ,,dang] ,,9 ,,! ,,physician4--,"o mu/ be born = "o's physician1 o!rwise "o comes to grief ?r\gh him4 #egd4 ,,m>vell\s ,,vanity4--,:oev] has c\rage\sly prophesi$ ! wea!r ?ree times & has be5 successful 9 8 hits1 acquires a c]ta9 am\nt ( inw>d confid5ce 9 8 prophetic gift4 ,we give cr$5ce to ! m>vell\s & irrational :5 x flatt]s our self-e/eem4 #ege4 ,a ,,pr(ession4--,a pr(ession is ! backbone ( life4 #egf4 ,,! ,,dang] ,,( ,,p]sonal ,,influ5ce4--,:oev] feels t he ex]cises a great inw>d influ5ce ov] ano!r p]son mu/ give him a p]fectly free re91 mu/1 9 fact1 welcome & ev5 induce occasional opposition1 o!rwise he w inevitably make an enemy4 #egg4 ,,recognition ,,( ,,! ,,heir4--,:oev] has f\nd$ some?+ great 9 an unselfi% _s is c>eful to re> heirs = 8 "w4 ,x is ! sign ( a tyrannical & ignoble nature to see oppon5ts 9 all possible heirs1 & to live 9 a /ate ( self-def5ce aga9/ !m4 #egh4 ,,p>tial ,,k4--,p>tial k is m triumphant ?an complete k2 x takes ?+s to be simpl] ?an !y are1 & s makes its !ory m popul> & conv9c+4 #egi4 ,,unsuitable ,,= ,a ,,p>ty-,,man4--,:oev] ?9ks mu* is unsuitable = a p>ty-man2 8 ?9k+ leads him too quickly beyond ! p>ty4 #ehj4 ,a ,,bad ,,memory4--,! advantage ( a bad memory is t "o enjoys sev]al times ! same good ?+s = ! fir/ "t4 #eha4 ,,self-,,affliction4--,want ( consid]ation is (t5 ! sign ( a discordant inn] nature1 :i* craves = /upefaction4 #ehb4 ,,m>tyrs4--,! disciples ( a m>tyr suff] m ?an ! m>tyr4 #ehc4 ,,arre>s ,,( ,,vanity4--,! vanity ( _m p :o h no occasion to be va9 is ! invet]ate habit1 /ill surviv+ f ! "t :5 p _h no "r to ! belief 9 !mselves & only begg$ x 9 small sums f o!rs4 #ehd4 ,,punctum ,,sali5s ,,( ,,passion4--,a p]son fall+ into a rage or into a viol5t passion ( love rea*es a po9t :5 ! s\l is full l a hog%ead1 b nev]!less a drop ( wat] has /ill to be add$1 ! good w = ! passion 7:i* is also g5]ally call$ ! evil w74 ,?is item only is necess>y1 & !n ! hog%ead ov]fl[s4 #ehe4 ,a ,,gloomy ,,?\ght4--,x is ) m5 z ) ! *>coal fires 9 ! =e/4 ,x is only :5 "y m5 h cool$ d[n & h got *>r$1 l ^! piles1 t !y become useful4 ,z long z !y fume & smoke !y are p]haps m int]e/+1 b !y are useless & too (t5 uncom=table4 ,humanity ru?lessly uses e individual z mat]ial = ! heat+ ( its great ma*9es2 b :at !n is ! purpose ( ! ma*9es1 :5 all individuals 7t is1 ! human race7 are useful only to ma9ta9 !m8 ,ma*9es t are ends 9 !mselves3 is t ! umana comm$ia8 #ehf4 ,,! ,,h\r-,,h& ,,( ,,life4--,life consi/s ( r>e s+le mom5ts ( ! greate/ importance1 & ( c\ntless int]vals dur+ :i*1 at be/1 ! phantoms ( ^? mom5ts hov] ar\nd u4 ,love1 ! ,spr+1 e f9e melody1 ! m\nta9s1 ! moon1 ! sea--all speak b once fully to ! he>t1 if1 inde$1 !y ev] d q atta9 to spee*4 ,= _m p h n ^? mom5ts at all1 & are !mselves int]vals & pauses 9 ! symphony ( actual life4 #ehg4 ,,attack ,,or ,,compromise4--,we (t5 make ! mi/ake ( %[+ viol5t enmity t[>ds a t5d5cy1 p>ty1 or p]iod1 because we happ5 only to get a sight ( its mo/ expos$ side1 its /unt$ness1 or ! inevitable faults ( its virtues1--p]haps because we ourselves h tak5 a prom95t "p 9 !m4 ,we !n turn our backs on !m & seek a diametrically opposite c\rse2 b ! bett] way w\ld be to seek out _! /rong good sides1 or to develop !m 9 ourselves4 ,to be sure1 a ke5] glance & a bett] w are ne$$ to improve ! becom+ & ! imp]fect ?an are requir$ to see ?r\gh x 9 its imp]fection & to d5y x4 #ehh4 ,,mode/y4--,!re is true mode/y 7t is ! k t we are n ! works we create72 & x is especially becom+ 9 a great m9d1 because su* a m9d c well grasp ! ?\ght ( absolute irresponsibility 7ev5 = ! good x creates74 ,p d n hate a great man's presumptu\sness 9 s f> z he feels 8 /r5g?1 b because he wi%es to prove x by injur+ o!rs1 by dom9at+ !m1 & see+ h[ long !y w /& x4 ,?is1 z a rule1 is ev5 a pro( ( ! abs5ce ( a secure s5se ( p[]1 & makes p d\bt 8 greatness4 ,we mu/ !re=e bew>e ( presumption f ! /&-po9t ( wisdom4 #ehi4 ,,! ,,day',s ,,fir/ ,,?\ght4--,! be/ way to beg9 a day well is to ?9k1 on awak5+1 :e!r we _c give pleasure dur+ ! day to at lea/ "o p]son4 ,if ?is c\ld become a sub/itute = ! religi\s habit ( pray] our fell[-m5 w\ld b5efit by ! *ange4 #eij4 ,,presumption ,,z ,,! ,,la/ ,,consolation4--,:5 we s int]pret a mis=tune1 an intellectual defect1 or a disease t we see !re9 our pr$e/9$ fate1 our trial1 or ! my/]i\s puni%m5t ( our =m] misde$s1 we !reby make our nature int]e/+ & exalt ourselves 9 imag9ation above our fell[s4 ,! pr\d s9n] is a well-kn[n figure 9 all religi\s sects4 #eia4 ,,! ,,vegetation ,,( ,,happ9ess4--,close beside ! _w's woe1 & (t5 ^u its volcanic soil1 man has laid out 8 little g>d5 ( happ9ess4 ,:e!r "o reg>d life ) ! eyes ( him :o only seeks k !refrom1 or ( him :o submits & is resign$1 or ( him :o rejoices ov] surm\nt$ difficulties--ev]y:]e "o w f9d "s happ9ess spr++ up beside ! evil--& 9 fact always ! m happ9ess ! m volcanic ! soil has be51--only x w\ld be absurd to say t suff]+ itself is ju/ifi$ by ?is happ9ess4 #eib4 ,,! ,,pa? ,,( ,,our ,,ance/ors4--,x is s5sible :5 a p]son develops /ill fur!r 9 himself ! tal5t ^u :i* 8 fa!r or gr&fa!r sp5t mu* tr\ble1 & does n %ift to some?+ entirely new2 o!rwise he deprives himself ( ! possibility ( atta9+ p]fection 9 any "o craft4 ,t is :y ! prov]b says1 ,:i* road %\ld/ ?\ ride8--,t ( ?9e ance/ors4 #eic4 ,,vanity ,,& ,,ambition ,,z ,,educators4--,z long z a p]son has n become an in/rum5t ( g5]al utility1 ambition may torm5t him2 if1 h[ev]1 t po9t has be5 rea*$1 if he necess>ily works l a ma*9e = ! good ( all1 !n vanity may result2 x w humanise him 9 small matt]s & make him m sociable1 endurable1 & consid]ate1 :5 ambition has complet$ ! co>s] "w ( mak+ him useful4 #eid4 ,,philosophical ,,novices4--,imm$iately we h compreh5d$ ! wisdom ( a philosoph]1 we g ?r\gh ! /reets ) a feel+ z if we _h be5 re-creat$ & _h become great m52 = we enc\nt] only ^? :o are ignorant ( ?is wisdom1 & h !re=e to deliv] new & unkn[n v]dicts conc]n+ ev]y?+4 ,because we n[ recognise a law-book we ?9k we mu/ also comport ourselves z judges4 #eie4 ,,pleas+ ,,by ,,displeas+4--,p :o pref] to attract att5tion1 & !reby to displease1 desire ! same ?+ z ^? :o nei!r wi% to please nor to attract att5tion1 only !y seek x m ard5tly & indirectly by means ( a /ep by :i* !y app>5tly move away f _! goal4 ,!y desire influ5ce & p[]1 & !re=e %[ _! sup]iority1 ev5 to su* an ext5t t x becomes disagreeable2 = !y "k t he :o has f9ally atta9$ p[]1 pleases 9 almo/ all he says & does1 & t ev5 :5 he displeases he /ill seems to please4 ,! free _s also1 & 9 l mann] ! believ]1 desire p[]1 9 ord] "s day to please !reby2 :51 on acc\nt ( _! doctr9e1 evil fate1 p]secution1 dungeon1 or execution ?reat5 !m1 !y rejoice 9 ! ?\ght t _! tea*+ w ?us be engrav$ & br&$ on ! he>t ( mank9d2 ?\gh its effect is remote !y accept _! fate z a pa9ful b p[]ful means ( /ill atta9+ to p[]4 #eif4 ,,casus ,,belli ,,& ,,! ,,l4--,! pr9ce :o1 = 8 det]m9ation to make w> aga9/ 8 neighb\r1 inv5ts a casus belli1 is l a fa!r :o foi/s on 8 *ild a "m :o is h5ce=? to be reg>d$ z su*4 ,& are n almo/ all publicly av[$ motives ( action j su* spuri\s mo!rs8 #eig4 ,,passion ,,& ,,"r4--,nobody talks m passionately ( 8 rights ?an he :o1 9 ! dep?s ( 8 s\l1 is d\btful ab\t !m4 ,by gett+ passion on 8 side he seeks to conf\nd 8 und]/&+ & its d\bts1--he ?us obta9s a good consci5ce1 & along ) x success ) 8 fell[-m54 #eih4 ,,! ,,trick ,,( ,,! ,,resign+ ,,"o4--,he :o prote/s aga9/ m>riage1 aft] ! mann] ( ,ca?olic prie/s1 w conceive ( x 9 its l[e/ & vulg>e/ =m4 ,9 ! same way he :o disav[s ! hon\r ( 8 contempor>ies w h a mean op9ion ( x2 he c ?us disp5se ) x & /ruggle aga9/ x m easily4 ,moreov]1 he :o d5ies himself mu* 9 great matt]s w readily indulge himself 9 small ?+s4 ,x might be possible t he :o is sup]ior to ! approbation ( 8 contempor>ies w\ld nev]!less n d5y himself ! gratification ( small vanities4 #eii4 ,,! ,,ye>s ,,( ,,presumption4--,! prop] p]iod ( presumption 9 gift$ p is betwe5 _! tw5ty-six? & ?irtie? ye>s2 x is ! "t ( e>ly rip5ess1 ) a l>ge residue ( s\rness4 ,on ! gr\nd ( :at we feel )9 ourselves we dem& hon\r & humility f m5 :o see little or no?+ ( x1 & because ?is tribute is n imm$iately =?com+ we rev5ge ourselves by ! look1 ! ge/ure ( arrogance1 & ! tone ( voice1 :i* a ke5 e> & eye recognise 9 e product ( ^? ye>s1 :e!r x be poetry1 philosophy1 or pictures & music4 ,old] m5 ( exp]i5ce smile !reat1 & ?9k ) emotion ( ^? beautiful ye>s 9 :i* "o res5ts ! fate ( be+ s mu* & seem+ s little4 ,lat] on "o really seems m1--b "o has lo/ ! good belief 9 be+ mu*1--unless "o rema9 = life an incorrigible fool ( vanity4 #fjj4 ,,deceptive ,,& ,,yet ,,def5sible4--,j z 9 ord] to pass by an abyss or to cross a deep /ream on a plank we require a rail+1 n to hold fa/ by1--= x w\ld in/antly break d[n ) u1--b to give ! notion ( security to ! eye1 s 9 y\? we require p]sons :o unconsci\sly r5d] u ! s]vice ( t rail+4 ,x is true !y w\ld n help u if we really wi%$ to lean ^u !m 9 great dang]1 b !y af=d ! tranquillis+ s5sation ( protection close to "o 7= in/ance1 fa!rs1 tea*]s1 fri5ds1 z all ?ree usually are74 #fja4 ,,le>n+ ,,to ,,love4--,"o mu/ le>n to love1 "o mu/ le>n to be k9d1 & ?is f *ildhood onw>ds2 :5 education & *ance give u no opportunity = ! ex]cise ( ^! feel+s our s\l becomes dri$ up1 & ev5 incapable ( und]/&+ ! f9e devices ( lov+ m54 ,9 ! same way hatr$ mu/ be le>nt & fo/]$1 :5 "o wants to become a pr(ici5t hat]1--o!rwise ! g]m ( x w gradually die out4 #fjb4 ,,ru9 ,,z ,,ornam5t4--,p]sons :o pass ?r\gh num]\s m5tal phases reta9 c]ta9 s5tim5ts & habits ( _! e>li] /ates1 :i* !n project l a piece ( inexplicable antiquity & grey /onework into _! new ?\ght & action1 (t5 to ! embelli%m5t ( ! :ole surr\nd+s4 #fjc4 ,,love ,,& ,,hon\r4--,love desires1 fe> avoids4 ,t is :y "o _c be bo? lov$ & hon\r$ by ! same p]son1 at lea/ n at ! same "t4#b ,= he :o hon\rs recognises p[]1--t is to say1 he fe>s x1 he is 9 a /ate ( rev]5tial fe> 7,ehr-fur*t7 ,b love recognises no p[]1 no?+ t divides1 deta*es1 sup]ord9ates1 or subord9ates4 ,because x does n hon\r !m1 ambiti\s p secretly or op5ly res5t be+ lov$4 #fjd4 ,a ,,prejudice ,,9 ,,fav\r ,,( ,,cold ,,natures4--,p :o quickly take fire gr[ cold quickly1 & !re=e are1 on ! :ole1 unreliable4 ,= ^?1 !re=e1 :o are always cold1 or pret5d to be s1 !re is ! fav\rable prejudice t !y are p>ticul>ly tru/wor?y1 reliable p]sons2 !y are conf\nd$ ) ^? :o take fire sl[ly & reta9 x long4 #fje4 ,,! ,,dang] ,,9 ,,free ,,op9ions4--,frivol\s occupation ) free op9ions has a *>m1 l a k9d ( it*+2 if "o yields to x fur!r1 "o beg9s to *afe ! places2 until at la/ an op51 pa9ful w\nd results2 t is to say1 until ! free op9ion beg9s to di/urb & torm5t u 9 our position 9 life & 9 our human relations4 #fjf4 ,,desire ,,= ,,sore ,,affliction4--,:5 passion is ov] x leaves beh9d an obscure long+ = x1 & ev5 9 disappe>+ x ca/s a s$uctive glance at u4 ,x mu/ h af=d$ a k9d ( pleasure to h be5 beat5 ) ?is sc\rge4 ,comp>$ ) x1 ! m mod]ate s5sations appe> insipid2 we /ill pref]1 app>5tly1 ! m viol5t displeasure to languid delight4 #fjg4 ,,dissatisfaction ,,) ,,o!rs ,,& ,,) ,,! ,,_w4--,:51 z s frequ5tly happ5s1 we v5t our dissatisfaction on o!rs :5 we are really dissatisfi$ ) ourselves1 we are 9 fact attempt+ to my/ify & deceive our judgm5t2 we desire to f9d a motive a po/]iori = ?is dissatisfaction1 9 ! mi/akes or defici5cies ( o!rs1 & s lose sight ( ourselves4 ,/rictly religi\s p1 :o h be5 rel5tless judges ( !mselves1 h at ! same "t spok5 mo/ ill ( humanity g5]ally2 !re has nev] be5 a sa9t :o res]v$ s9 = himself & virture = o!rs1 any m ?an a man :o1 accord+ to ,buddha's rule1 hides 8 good qualities f p & only %[s 8 bad ones4 #fjh4 ,,confusion ,,( ,,cause ,,& ,,effect4--,unconsci\sly we seek ! pr9ciples & op9ions :i* are suit$ to our temp]am5t1 s t at la/ x seems z if ^! pr9ciples & op9ions _h =m$ our "* & giv5 x support & /ability1 :]eas exactly ! contr>y has tak5 place4 ,our ?\ghts & judgm5ts are1 app>5tly1 to be tak5 subsequ5tly z ! causes ( our nature1 b z a matt] ( fact our nature is ! cause ( our s ?9k+ & judg+4 ,& :at induces u to play ?is almo/ unconsci\s com$y8 ,in]tness & conv5i5ce1 & to a l>ge ext5t also ! va9 desire to be reg>d$ z ?or\ghly consi/5t & homog5e\s 9 nature & ?\ght2 = ?is w9s respect & gives confid5ce & p[]4 #fji4 ,,age ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,tru?4--,"y p love :at is int]e/+ & exceptional1 indiff]5t :e!r x is tru? or falsehood4 ,rip] m9ds love :at is int]e/+ & extraord9>y :5 x is tru?4 ,matur$ m9ds1 f9ally1 love tru? ev5 9 ^? 9 :om x appe>s pla9 & simple & is f\nd tiresome by ord9>y p1 because !y h obs]v$ t tru? is 9 ! habit ( giv+ utt]ance to its highe/ intellectual v]ities ) all ! appe>ance ( simplicity4 #faj4 ,,m5 ,,z ,,bad ,,poets4--,j z bad poets seek a ?\ght to fit ! rhyme 9 ! second half ( ! v]se1 s m5 9 ! second half ( life1 hav+ become m scrupul\s1 are 9 ! habit ( seek+ pursuits1 positions1 & conditions :i* suit ^? ( _! e>li] life1 s t outw>dly all s\nds well1 b _! life is no long] rul$ & cont9u\sly det]m9$ anew by a p[]ful ?\ght3 9 place !re( !re is m]ely ! int5tion ( f9d+ a rhyme4 #faa4 ,,ennui ,,& ,,play4--,necessity compels u to "w1 ) ! product ( :i* ! necessity is appeas$2 ! ev] new awak5+ ( necessity1 h[ev]1 accu/oms u to "w4 ,b 9 ! int]vals 9 :i* necessity is appeas$ & asleep1 z x 71 we are attack$ by ennui4 ,:at is ?is8 ,9 a ^w x is ! habituation to "w1 :i* n[ makes itself felt z a new & additional necessity2 x w be all ! /rong] ! m a p]son has be5 accu/om$ to "w1 p]haps1 ev51 ! m a p]son has suff]$ f necessities4 ,9 ord] to escape ennui1 a man ei!r works beyond ! ext5t ( 8 =m] necessities1 or he inv5ts play1 t is to say1 "w t is only int5d$ to appease ! g5]al necessity = "w4 ,he :o has become satiat$ ) play1 & has no new necessities impell+ him to "w1 is sometimes attack$ by ! long+ = a ?ird /ate1 :i* is relat$ to play z glid+ is to danc+1 z danc+ is to walk+1 a bless$1 tranquil movem5t2 x is ! arti/s' & philosoph]s' vision ( happ9ess4 #fab4 ,,lessons ,,f ,,pictures4--,if we look at a s]ies ( pictures ( ourselves1 f ! "t ( lat] *ildhood to ! "t ( mature manhood1 we discov] ) pleas$ surprise t ! man be>s m resemblance to ! *ild ?an to ! y\?3 t probably1 !re=e1 9 accordance ) ?is fact1 !re has be5 9 ! int]val a tempor>y ali5ation ( ! fundam5tal "*1 ov] :i* ! collect$1 conc5trat$ =ce ( ! man has aga9 become ma/]4 ,) ?is obs]vation ?is o!r is also 9 accordance1 namely1 t all /rong influ5ces ( passions1 tea*]s1 & political ev5ts1 :i* 9 our y\?ful ye>s draw u hi!r & ?i!r1 seem lat] on to be ref]r$ back aga9 to a fix$ /&>d2 ( c\rse !y /ill cont9ue to exi/ & op]ate )9 u1 b our fundam5tal s5tim5ts & op9ions h n[ ! upp] h&1 & use _! influ5ce p]haps z a s\rce ( /r5g?1 b are no long] m]ely regulative1 z 0 p]haps ! case 9 our tw5ties4 ,?us ev5 ! ?\ghts & s5tim5ts ( ! man appe> m 9 accordance ) ^? ( 8 *ildi% ye>s1--& ?is objective fact expresses itself 9 ! above-m5tion$ subjective fact4 #fac4 ,,! ,,tone ,,( ,,voice ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,ages4--,! tone 9 :i* y\?s speak1 praise1 blame1 & v]sify1 displeases an old] p]son because x is too l\d1 & yet at ! same "t dull & confus$ l a s\nd 9 a vault1 :i* acquires su* a l\d r+ ow+ to ! empt9ess2 = mo/ ( ! ?\ght ( y\?s does n gu% =? out ( ! fulness ( _! own nature1 b is ! accord & ! e*o ( :at has be5 ?\ght1 said1 prais$ or blam$ ar\nd !m4 ,z _! s5tim5ts1 h[ev] 7_! incl9ations & av]sions71 res\nd mu* m =cibly ?an ! reasons !re(1 !re is he>d1 :5ev] !y divulge ^! s5tim5ts1 ! dull1 clang+ tone :i* is a sign ( ! abs5ce or sc>city ( reasons4 ,! tone ( rip] age is rigor\s1 abruptly concise1 mod]ately l\d1 b1 l ev]y?+ di/9ctly articulat$1 is he>d v f> (f4 ,old age1 f9ally1 (t5 br+s a c]ta9 mildness & consid]ation into ! tone ( ! voice1 & z x 71 sweet5s x2 9 _m cases1 to be sure x also s\rs x4 #fad4 ,,! ,,atavi/ ,,& ,,! ,,=]unn]4--,! man ( unpleasant "*1 full ( di/ru/1 envi\s ( ! success ( fell[-competitors & neighb\rs1 viol5t & enrag$ at div]g5t op9ions1 %[s t he belongs to an e>li] grade ( culture1 & is1 !re=e1 an atavism2 = ! way 9 :i* he behaves to p 0 "r & suitable only = an age ( club-law2 he is an atavi/4 ,! man ( a diff]5t "*1 ri* 9 sympa?y1 w9n+ fri5ds ev]y:]e1 f9d+ all t is gr[+ & becom+ amiable1 rejoic+ at ! hon\rs & successes ( o!rs & claim+ no privilege ( solely kn[+ ! tru?1 b full ( a mode/ di/ru/1--he is a =]unn] :o presses upw>d t[>ds a high] human culture4 ,! man ( unpleasant "* dates f ! times :5 ! rude basis ( human int]c\rse _h yet to be laid1 ! o!r lives on ! upp] floor ( ! edifice ( culture1 remov$ z f> z possible f ! h[l+ & rag+ wild bea/ imprison$ 9 ! cell>s4 #fae4 ,,consolation ,,= ,,hypo*ondriacs4--,:5 a great ?9k] is tempor>ily subject$ to hypo*ondriacal self-torture he c say to himself1 by way ( consolation3 ,x is ?9e own great /r5g? on :i* ?is p>asite fe$s & gr[s2 if ?y /r5g? 7 small] ?\ w\ld/ h less to suff]4 ,! /atesman may say j ! same ?+ :5 jeal\sy & v5geful feel+1 or1 9 a ^w1 ! tone ( ! bellum omnium contra omnes1 = :i*1 z ! repres5tative ( a nation1 he mu/ necess>ily h a great capacity1 occasionally intrudes into 8 p]sonal relations & makes 8 life h>d4 #faf4 ,,e/rang$ ,,f ,,! ,,pres5t4--,!re are great advantages 9 e/rang+ "o's self = once to a l>ge ext5t f "o's age1 & be+ z x 7 driv5 back f its %ores into ! ocean ( pa/ views ( ?+s4 ,look+ !nce t[>ds ! coa/ "o comm&s a view1 p]haps = ! fir/ "t1 ( its aggregate =mation1 & :5 "o aga9 approa*es ! l& "o has ! advantage ( und]/&+ x bett]1 on ! :ole1 ?an ^? :o h nev] left x4 #fag4 ,,s[+ ,,& ,,reap+ ,,on ,,! ,,field ,,( ,,p]sonal ,,defects4--,m5 l ,r\sseau und]/& h[ to use _! weaknesses1 defects1 & vices z manure = _! tal5t4 ,:5 ,r\sseau bewails ! corruption & deg5]ation ( society z ! evil results ( culture1 !re is a p]sonal exp]i5ce at ! bottom ( x1 ! bitt]ness :i* gives %>pness to 8 g5]al condemnation & poisons ! arr[s ) :i* he %oots2 he unburd5s himself fir/ z an individual1 & ?9ks ( gett+ a rem$y :i*1 :ile b5efit+ society directly1 w also b5efit himself indirectly by means ( society4 #fah4 ,,philosophically ,,m9d$4--,we usually endeav\r to acquire "o attitude ( m9d1 "o set ( op9ions = all situations & ev5ts ( life--x is mo/ly call$ be+ philosophically m9d$4 ,b = ! acquisition ( k x may be ( great] importance n to make ourselves ?us uni=m1 b to he>k5 to ! l[ voice ( ! diff]5t situations 9 life2 ^! br+ _! own op9ions ) !m4 ,we ?us take an intellig5t int]e/ 9 ! life & nature ( _m p]sons by n treat+ ourselves z rigid1 p]si/5t s+le individuals4 #fai4 ,,9 ,,! ,,fire ,,( ,,contempt4--,x is a fre% /ep t[>ds indep5d5ce :5 "o fir/ d>es to give utt]ance to op9ions :i* x is consid]$ z disgraceful = a p]son to ent]ta92 ev5 fri5ds & acqua9tances are !n accu/om$ to gr[ anxi\s4 ,! gift$ nature mu/ also pass ?r\gh ?is fire2 x aft]w>ds belongs f> m to itself4 #fbj4 ,,self-,,sacrifice4--,9 ! ev5t ( *oice1 a great sacrifice is pref]r$ to a small "o1 because we comp5sate ourselves = ! great sacrifice by self-admiration1 :i* is n possible 9 ! case ( a small "o4 #fba4 ,,love ,,z ,,an ,,artifice4--,:oev] really wi%es to become acqua9t$ ) some?+ new 7:e!r x be a p]son1 an ev5t1 or a book71 does well to take up ! matt] ) all possible love1 & to av]t 8 eye quickly f all t seems ho/ile1 objectionable1 & false !re91--9 fact to =get su* ?+s2 s t1 = in/ance1 he gives ! au?or ( a book ! be/ />t possible1 & /raightway1 j z 9 a race1 longs ) beat+ he>t t he may rea* ! goal4 ,9 ?is mann] "o p5etrates to ! he>t ( ! new ?+1 to its mov+ po9t1 & ?is is call$ becom+ acqua9t$ ) x4 ,?is /age hav+ be5 arriv$ at1 ! und]/&+ aft]w>ds makes its re/rictions2 ! ov]-e/imation & ! tempor>y susp5sion ( ! critical p5dulum 7 only artifices to lure =? ! s\l ( ! matt]4 #fbb4 ,,?9k+ ,,too ,,well ,,& ,,too ,,ill ,,( ,,! ,,_w4--,:e!r we ?9k too well or too ill ( ?+s1 we always h ! advantage ( d]iv+ !refrom a great] pleasure1 = ) a too good preconception we usually put m sweetness into ?+s 7exp]i5ces7 ?an !y actually conta94 ,a too bad preconception causes a pleasant disappo9tm5t1 ! pleasantness t lay 9 ! ?+s !mselves is increas$ by ! pleasantness ( ! surprise4 ,a gloomy temp]am5t1 h[ev]1 w h ! rev]se exp]i5ce 9 bo? cases4 #fbc4 ,,pr(\nd ,,p4--,^? ^: /r5g? lies 9 ! deep5+ ( impressions--!y are usually call$ pr(\nd p--are relatively self-possess$ & decid$ 9 all sudd5 em]g5cies1 = 9 ! fir/ mom5t ! impression is /ill %all[1 x only !n becomes deep4 ,long =ese51 long expect$ ev5ts or p]sons1 h[ev]1 excite su* natures mo/1 & make !m almo/ incapable ( ev5tually hav+ pres5ce ( m9d on ! arrival !re(4 #fbd4 ,,int]c\rse ,,) ,,! ,,high] ,,self4--,e "o has 8 good day1 :5 he f9ds 8 high] self2 & true humanity dem&s t a p]son %all be e/imat$ accord+ to ?is /ate & n accord+ to 8 "w-days ( con/ra9t & bondage4 ,a pa9t]1 = in/ance1 %\ld be apprais$ & hon\r$ accord+ to ! mo/ exalt$ vision he c\ld see & repres5t4 ,b m5 !mselves commune v diff]5tly ) ?is _! high] self1 & are frequ5tly _! own playactors1 9 s f> z !y repeat$ly imitate :at !y are 9 ^? mom5ts4 ,"s /& 9 awe & humility be=e _! ideal1 & w\ld fa9 d5y x2 !y are afraid ( _! high] self because1 :5 x speaks1 x speaks pret5ti\sly4 ,besides1 x has a gho/-l fre$om ( com+ & /ay+ away j z x pleases2 on t acc\nt x is (t5 call$ a gift ( ! gods1 :ile 9 fact ev]y?+ else is a gift ( ! gods 7( *ance72 ?is1 h[ev]1 is ! man himself4 #fbe4 ,,lonely ,,p4--,"s p are s mu* accu/om$ to be+ alone 9 self-communion t !y d n at all comp>e !mselves ) o!rs1 b sp9 out _! soliloquis+ life 9 a quiet1 happy mood1 conv]s+ pleasantly1 & ev5 hil>i\sly1 ) !mselves4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y are br\ght to ! po9t ( comp>+ !mselves ) o!rs1 !y are incl9$ to a brood+ "u-e/imation ( _! own wor?1 s t !y h fir/ to be compell$ by o!rs to =m once m a good & j op9ion ( !mselves1 & ev5 f ?is acquir$ op9ion !y w always want to subtract & abate some?+4 ,we mu/ n1 !re=e1 grudge c]ta9 p]sons _! lonel9ess or fooli%ly commis]ate !m on t acc\nt1 z is s (t5 done4 #fbf4 ,,)\t ,,melody4--,!re are p]sons to :om a con/ant repose 9 !mselves & ! h>moni\s ord]+ ( all _! capacities is s natural t e def9ite activity is repugnant to !m4 ,!y resemble music :i* consi/s ( no?+ b prolong$1 h>moni\s accords1 )\t ev5 ! t5d5cy to an organis$ & animat$ melody %[+ itself4 ,all ext]nal movem5t s]ves only to re/ore to ! boat its equilibrium on ! sea ( h>moni\s euphony4 ,mod]n m5 usually become excessively impati5t :5 !y meet su* natures1 :o w nev] be any?+ 9 ! _w1 only x is n all[able to say ( !m t !y are no?+4 ,b 9 c]ta9 moods ! sight ( !m raises ! unusual "q3 ,:y %\ld !re be melody at all8 ,:y %\ld x n suffice u :5 life mirrors itself peacefully 9 a deep lake8 ,! ,middle ,ages 7 ri*] 9 su* natures ?an our times4 ,h[ seldom "o n[ meets ) any "o :o c live on s peacefully & happily ) himself ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! cr[d1 say+ to himself1 l ,goe!1 ,! be/ ?+ ( all is ! deep calm 9 :i* ,i live & gr[ 9 opposition to ! _w1 & ga9 :at x _c take away f me ) fire & sword4 #fbg4 ,,to ,,live ,,& ,,exp]i5ce4--,if we obs]ve h[ "s p c deal ) _! exp]i5ces--_! unimportant1 ev]yday exp]i5ces--s t ^! become soil :i* yields fruit ?rice a ye>2 :il/ o!rs--& h[ _m6--are driv5 ?r\gh ! surf ( ! mo/ excit+ adv5tures1 ! mo/ div]sifi$ movem5ts ( times & peoples1 & yet always rema9 light1 always rema9 on ! surface1 l cork2 we are f9ally tempt$ to divide mank9d into a m9ority 7m9imality7 ( ^? :o "k h[ to make mu* out ( little1 & a majority ( ^? :o "k h[ to make little out ( mu*2 inde$1 we ev5 meet ) ! c\nt]-sorc]]s :o1 in/ead ( mak+ ! _w out ( no?+1 make a no?+ out ( ! _w4 #fbh4 ,,s]i\sness ,,9 ,,play4---,9 ,g5oa "o ev5+1 9 ! twilight1 ,i he>d f a t[] a long *im+ ( bells2 x 0 nev] l to end1 & s\nd$ z if insatiable above ! noise ( ! /reets1 out into ! ev5+ sky & sea-air1 s ?rill+1 & at ! same "t s *ildi% & s sad4 ,i !n rememb]$ ! words ( ,plato1 & sudd5ly felt ! =ce ( !m 9 my he>t3 ,human matt]s1 "o & all1 are n wor?y ( great s]i\sness2 nev]!less 444 #fbi4 ,,conviction ,,& ,,ju/ice4--,! requirem5t t a p]son mu/ aft]w>ds1 :5 cool & sob]1 /& by :at he says1 promises1 & resolves dur+ passion1 is "o ( ! heavie/ burd5s t weigh ^u mank9d4 ,to h to ackn[l$ge = all future "t ! consequ5ces ( ang]1 ( fi]y rev5ge1 ( en?usia/ic devotion1 may lead to a bitt]ness aga9/ ^! feel+s proportionate to ! idolatry ) :i* !y are idolis$1 especially by arti/s4 ,^! cultivate to its full ext5t ! e/eem ( ! passions1 & h always done s2 to be sure1 !y also glorify ! t]rible satisfaction ( ! passions :i* a p]son af=ds himself1 ! outbreaks ( v5geance1 ) dea?1 mutilation1 or volunt>y bani%m5t 9 _! tra91 & ! resignation ( ! brok5 he>t4 ,9 any case !y keep alive curiosity ab\t ! passions2 x is z if !y said3 ,)\t passions y h no exp]i5ce :atev]4 ,because we h sworn fidelity 7p]haps ev5 to a purely fictiti\s be+1 su* z a god71 because we h surr5d]$ our he>t to a pr9ce1 a p>ty1 a woman1 a prie/ly ord]1 an arti/1 or a ?9k]1 9 a /ate ( infatuat$ delusion t ?rew a *>m ov] u & made ^? be+s appe> wor?y ( all v5]ation1 & e sacrifice--are we1 !re=e1 firmly & inevitably b\nd8 ,or did we n1 aft] all1 deceive ourselves !n8 ,0 !re n a hypo!tical promise1 "u ! tacit presupposition t ^? be+s to :om we consecrat$ ourselves 7 really ! be+s !y seem$ to be 9 our imag9ation8 ,are we "u obligation to be fai?ful to our errors1 ev5 ) ! k t by ?is fidelity we %all cause injury to our high] selves8 ,no1 !re is no law1 no obligation ( t sort2 we mu/ become traitors1 we mu/ act unfai?fully & ab&on our ideals aga9 & aga94 ,we _c advance f "o p]iod ( life into ano!r )\t caus+ ^! pa9s ( trea*]y & also suff]+ f !m4 ,might x be necess>y to gu>d aga9/ ! ebullitions ( our feel+s 9 ord] to escape ^! pa9s8 ,w\ld n ! _w !n become too arid1 too gho/-l = u8 ,r w we ask ourselves :e!r ^! pa9s are necess>y on a *ange ( convictions1 or :e!r !y d n dep5d on a mi/ak5 op9ion & e/imate4 ,:y d we admire a p]son :o rema9s true to 8 convictions & despise him :o *anges !m8 ,i fe> ! answ] mu/ be1 because e "o takes = grant$ t su* a *ange is caus$ only by motives ( m g5]al utility or ( p]sonal tr\ble4 ,t is to say1 we believe at bottom t nobody alt]s 8 op9ions z long z !y are advantage\s to him1 or at lea/ z long z !y d n cause him any h>m4 ,if x is s1 h[ev]1 x furni%es a bad pro( ( ! intellectual significance ( all convictions4 ,let u once exam9e h[ convictions arise1 & let u see :e!r _! importance is n greatly ov]-e/imat$2 x w !reby be se5 t ! *ange ( convictions also is 9 all circum/ances judg$ accord+ to a false /&>d1 t we h hi!rto be5 accu/om$ to suff] too mu* f ?is *ange4 #fcj4 ,conviction is belief 9 ! possession ( absolute tru? on any matt] ( k4 ,?is belief takes x = grant$1 !re=e1 t !re are absolute tru?s2 also1 t p]fect me?ods h be5 f\nd = atta9+ to !m2 & f9ally1 t e "o :o has convictions makes use ( ^! p]fect me?ods4 ,all ?ree notions %[ at once t ! man ( convictions is n ! man ( sci5tific ?\ght2 he seems to u /ill 9 ! age ( !oretical innoc5ce1 & is practically a *ild1 h[ev] gr[n-up he may be4 ,:ole c5turies1 h[ev]1 h be5 liv$ "u ! influ5ce ( ^? *ildlike presuppositions1 & out ( !m h fl[$ ! mightie/ s\rces ( human /r5g?4 ,! c\ntless numb]s :o sacrific$ !mselves = _! convictions believ$ !y 7 do+ x = ! sake ( absolute tru?4 ,!y 7 all wrong1 h[ev]2 probably no "o has ev] sacrific$ himself = ,tru?2 at lea/1 ! dogmatic expression ( ! fai? ( any su* p]son has be5 unsci5tific or only p>tly sci5tific4 ,b really1 p want$ to c>ry _! po9t because !y believ$ t !y mu/ be 9 ! "r4 ,to all[ _! belief to be wre/$ f !m probably meant call+ 9 "q _! et]nal salvation4 ,9 an affair ( su* extreme importance ! w 0 too audibly ! prompt] ( ! intellect4 ,! presupposition ( e believ] ( e %ade ( belief has be5 t he c\ld n be confut$2 if ! c\nt]-argum5ts happ5$ to be v /rong1 x always rema9$ = him to decry intellect g5]ally1 &1 p]haps1 ev5 to set up ! cr$o quia absurdum e/ z ! /&>d ( extreme fanaticism4 ,x is n ! /ruggle ( op9ions t has made hi/ory s turbul5t2 b ! /ruggle ( belief 9 op9ions1--t is to say1 ( convictions4 ,if all ^? :o ?\ght s highly ( _! convictions1 :o made sacrifices ( all k9ds = !m1 & sp>$ nei!r hon\r1 body1 nor life 9 _! s]vice1 _h only devot$ half ( _! en]gy to exam9+ _! "r to adh]e to ?is or t conviction & by :at road !y arriv$ at x1 h[ peaceable w\ld ! hi/ory ( mank9d n[ appe>6 ,h[ mu* m k w\ld !re be6 ,all ! cruel sc5es 9 connection ) ! p]secution ( h]etics ( all k9ds w\ld h be5 avoid$1 = two reasons3 fir/ly1 because ! inquisitors w\ld above all h inquir$ ( !mselves1 & w\ld h recognis$ ! presumption ( def5d+ absolute tru?2 & secondly1 because ! h]etics !mselves w\ld1 aft] exam9ation1 h tak5 no m int]e/ 9 su* badly e/abli%$ doctr9es z ^? ( all religi\s sect>ians & or?odox believ]s4 #fca4 ,f ! ages 9 :i* x 0 cu/om>y to believe 9 ! possession ( absolute tru?1 p h inh]it$ a pr(\nd dislike ( all sceptical & relative attitudes ) reg>d to que/ions ( k2 !y mo/ly pref] to acquiesce1 = good or evil1 9 ! convictions ( ^? 9 au?ority 7fa!rs1 fri5ds1 tea*]s1 pr9ces71 & !y h a k9d ( remorse ( consci5ce :5 !y d n d s4 ,?is t5d5cy is q compreh5sible1 & its results furni% no gr\nd = condemnation ( ! c\rse ( ! developm5t ( human reason4 ,! sci5tific _s 9 man1 h[ev]1 has gradually to br+ to maturity ! virtue ( cauti\s =be>ance1 ! wise mod]ation1 :i* is bett] kn[n 9 practical ?an 9 !oretical life1 & :i*1 = in/ance1 ,goe! has repres5t$ 9 ,antonio1 z an object ( provocation = all ,tassos1--t is to say1 = unsci5tific & at ! same "t inactive natures4 ,! man ( convictions has 9 himself ! "r n to compreh5d ! man ( cauti\s ?\ght1 ! !oretical ,antonio2 ! sci5tific man1 on ! o!r h&1 has no "r to blame ! =m] on t acc\nt1 he takes no notice !re(1 & kn[s1 moreov]1 t 9 c]ta9 cases ! =m] w yet cl+ to him1 z ,tasso f9ally clung to ,antonio4 #fcb4 ,he :o has n pass$ ?r\gh diff]5t phases ( conviction1 b /icks to ! fai? 9 ^: net he 0 fir/ caught1 is1 "u all circum/ances1 j on acc\nt ( ?is un*angeabl5ess1 a repres5tative ( atavi/ic culture2 9 accordance ) ?is lack ( culture 7:i* always presupposes pla/icity = culture71 he is sev]e1 un9tellig5t1 untea*able1 )\t lib]ality1 an ev] suspici\s p]son1 an unscrupul\s p]son :o has rec\rse to all exp$i5ts = en=c+ 8 op9ions because he _c conceive t !re mu/ be o!r op9ions2 he is1 9 su* respects1 p]haps a s\rce ( /r5g?1 & ev5 :olesome 9 cultures t h become too emancipat$ & languid1 b only because he /rongly incites to opposition3 = !reby ! delicate organisation ( ! new culture1 :i* is =c$ to /ruggle ) him1 becomes /rong itself4 #fcc4 ,9 ess5tial respects we are /ill ! same m5 z ^? ( ! "t ( ! ,re=mation2 h[ c\ld x be o!rwise8 ,b ! fact t we no long] all[ ourselves c]ta9 means = promot+ ! triumph ( our op9ions di/+ui%es u f t age1 & proves t we belong to a high] culture4 ,he :o /ill combats & ov]?r[s op9ions ) calumnies & outbur/s ( rage1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,re=mation m51 obvi\sly betrays ! fact t he w\ld h burnt 8 adv]s>ies _h he liv$ 9 o!r times1 & t he w\ld h resort$ to all ! me?ods ( ! ,inquisition if he _h be5 an oppon5t ( ! ,re=mation4 ,! ,inquisition 0 rational at t "t2 = x repres5t$ no?+ else ?an ! univ]sal application ( m>tial law1 :i* _h to be proclaim$ ?r\gh\t ! entire doma9 ( ! ,*ur*1 & :i*1 l all m>tial law1 gave a "r to ! extreme/ me?ods1 "u ! presupposition1 ( c\rse1 7:i* we n[ no long] %>e ) ^? p71 t ! ,*ur* possess$ tru? & _h to pres]ve x at all co/s1 & at any sacrifice1 = ! salvation ( mank9d4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 "o does n s readily conc$e to any "o t he possesses ! tru?2 /rict me?ods ( inve/igation h diffus$ en\gh ( di/ru/ & precaution1 s t e "o :o viol5tly advocates op9ions 9 ^w & de$ is look$ ^u z an enemy ( our mod]n culture1 or1 at lea/1 z an atavi/4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! pa?os t man possesses tru? is n[ ( v little consequ5ce 9 comp>ison ) ! c]ta9ly mild] & less noisy pa?os ( ! se>* = tru?1 :i* is nev] we>y ( le>n+ afre% & exam9+ anew4 #fcd4 ,moreov]1 ! me?odical se>* = tru? is itself ! outcome ( ^? ages 9 :i* convictions 7 at w> ) ea* o!r4 ,if ! individual _h n c>$ ab\t 8 tru?1 t is to say1 ab\t c>ry+ 8 po9t1 !re w\ld h be5 no me?od ( inve/igation2 ?us1 h[ev]1 by ! et]nal /ruggle ( ! claims ( diff]5t individuals to absolute tru?1 p w5t on /ep by /ep to f9d irrefragable pr9ciples accord+ to :i* ! rights ( ! claims c\ld be te/$ & ! dispute settl$4 ,at fir/ p decid$ accord+ to au?orities2 lat] on !y criticis$ "o ano!r's ways & means ( f9d+ ! presum$ tru?2 9 ! int]val !re 0 a p]iod :5 p d$uc$ ! consequ5ces ( ! adv]se !ory1 & p]haps f\nd !m to be productive ( injury & unhapp9ess2 f :i* x 0 !n to be inf]r$ by e "o t ! conviction ( ! adv]s>y involv$ an error4 ,! p]sonal /ruggle ( ! ?9k] at la/ s %>p5$ 8 me?ods t real tru?s c\ld be discov]$1 & ! mi/akes ( =m] me?ods expos$ be=e ! eyes ( all4 #fce4 ,on ! :ole1 sci5tific me?ods are at lea/ z important results ( inve/igation z any o!r results1 = ! sci5tific _s is bas$ ^u a k ( me?od1 & if ! me?ods 7 lo/1 all ! results ( sci5ce c\ld n prev5t ! r5ew$ preval5ce ( sup]/ition & absurdity4 ,clev] p may le>n z mu* z !y l ( ! results ( sci5ce1 b "o /ill notices 9 _! conv]sation1 & especially 9 ! hypo!ses !y make1 t !y lack ! sci5tific _s2 !y h n ! in/9ctive di/ru/ ( ! devi\s c\rses ( ?9k+ :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( long tra9+1 has tak5 root 9 ! s\l ( e sci5tific man4 ,x is en\gh = !m to f9d any k9d ( hypo!sis on a subject1 !y are !n all on fire = x1 & imag9e ! matt] is !reby settl$4 ,to h an op9ion is ) !m equival5t to imm$iately becom+ fanatical = x1 & f9ally tak+ x to he>t z a conviction4 ,9 ! case ( an unexpla9$ matt] !y become heat$ = ! fir/ idea t comes into _! head :i* has any resemblance to an explanation--a c\rse f :i* ! wor/ results con/antly foll[1 especially 9 ! field ( politics4 ,on t acc\nt ev]ybody %\ld n[adays h become ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) at lea/ "o sci5ce1 = !n surely he kn[s :at is meant by me?od1 & h[ necess>y is ! extreme/ c>efulness4 ,to wom5 9 p>ticul> ?is advice is to be giv5 at pres5t2 z to ^? :o are irretrievably ! victims ( all hypo!ses1 especially :5 ^! h ! appe>ance ( be+ witty1 attractive1 enliv5+1 & invigorat+4 ,inde$1 on close inspection "o sees t by f> ! great] numb] ( educat$ p /ill desire convictions f a ?9k] & no?+ b convictions1 & t only a small m9ority want c]ta9ty4 ,! =m] want to be =cibly c>ri$ away 9 ord] !reby to obta9 an increase ( /r5g?2 ! latt] few h ! real int]e/ :i* disreg>ds p]sonal advantages & ! increase ( /r5g? also4 ,! =m] class1 :o greatly pr$om9ate1 are always reckon$ ^u :5 ! ?9k] comports himself & labels himself z a g5ius1 & ?us views himself z a high] be+ to :om au?ority belongs4 ,9 s f> z g5ius ( ?is k9d upholds ! ard\r ( convictions1 & ar\ses di/ru/ ( ! cauti\s & mode/ _s ( sci5ce1 x is an enemy ( tru?1 h[ev] mu* x may ?9k itself ! woo] !re(4 #fcf4 ,!re is1 c]ta9ly1 also an entirely diff]5t species ( g5ius1 t ( ju/ice2 & ,i _c make up my m9d to e/imate x l[] ?an any k9d ( philosophical1 political1 or arti/ic g5ius4 ,its peculi>ity is to g1 ) he>tfelt av]sion1 out ( ! way ( ev]y?+ t bl9ds & confuses p's judgm5t ( ?+s2 x is consequ5tly an adv]s>y ( convictions1 = x wants to give _! own to all1 :e!r !y be liv+ or dead1 real or imag9>y--& = t purpose x mu/ "k ?or\ghly2 x !re=e places ev]y?+ 9 ! be/ light & goes ar\nd x ) c>eful eyes4 ,f9ally1 x w ev5 give to its adv]s>y ! bl9d or %ort-sight$ conviction 7z m5 call x1--among wom5 x is call$ fai?71 :at is due to conviction--= ! sake ( tru?4 #fcg4 ,op9ions evolve out ( passions2 indol5ce ( intellect all[s ^? to congeal into convictions4 ,he1 h[ev]1 :o is consci\s ( himself z a free1 re/less1 lively _s c prev5t ?is congelation by con/ant *ange2 & if he is altoge!r a ?9k+ sn[ball1 he w n h op9ions 9 8 head at all1 b only c]ta9ties & prop]ly e/imat$ probabilities4 ,b we1 :o are ( a mix$ nature1 alt]nately inspir$ ) ard\r & *ill$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh by ! intellect1 want to kneel be=e ju/ice1 z ! only goddess we ackn[l$ge4 ,! fire 9 u g5]ally makes u unju/1 & impure 9 ! eyes ( our goddess2 9 ?is condition we are n p]mitt$ to take h] h&1 & ! s]i\s smile ( h] approval nev] re/s ^u u4 ,we rev]5ce h] z ! veil$ ,isis ( our life2 ) %ame we (f] h] our pa9 z p5ance & sacrifice :5 ! fire ?reat5s to burn & consume u4 ,x is ! intellect t saves u f be+ utt]ly burnt & r$uc$ to a%es2 x occasionally drags u away f ! sacrificial alt> ( ju/ice or enwraps u 9 a g>m5t ( asbe/os4 ,lib]at$ f ! fire1 & impell$ by ! intellect1 we !n pass f op9ion to op9ion1 ?r\gh ! *ange ( p>ties1 z noble betray]s ( all ?+s t c 9 any way be betray$--& nev]!less )\t a feel+ ( guilt4 #fch4 ,,! ,,w&]]4--,he :o has atta9$ intellectual emancipation to any ext5t _c1 = a long "t1 reg>d himself o!rwise ?an z a w&]] on ! face ( ! e>?--& n ev5 z a travell] t[>ds a f9al goal1 = !re is no su* ?+4 ,b he c]ta9ly wants to obs]ve & keep 8 eyes op5 to :atev] actually happ5s 9 ! _w2 !re=e he _c atta* 8 he>t too firmly to any?+ individual2 he mu/ h 9 himself some?+ w&]+ t takes pleasure 9 *ange & transitor9ess4 ,to be sure su* a man w h bad nights1 :5 he is we>y & f9ds ! gates ( ! t[n t %\ld (f] him re/ clos$2 p]haps he may also f9d t1 z 9 ! ,ea/1 ! des]t rea*es to ! gates1 t wild bea/s h[l f> & ne>1 t a /rong w9d arises1 & t robb]s take away 8 bea/s ( burd54 ,!n ! dreadful night closes ov] him l a second des]t ^u ! des]t1 & 8 he>t gr[s we>y ( w&]+4 ,!n :5 ! morn+ sun rises ^u him1 gl[+ l a ,deity ( ang]1 :5 ! t[n is op5$1 he sees p]haps 9 ! faces ( ! dwell]s !re9 /ill m des]t1 uncleanl9ess1 deceit1 & insecurity ?an outside ! gates--& ! day is almo/ worse ?an ! night4 ,?us x may occasionally happ5 to ! w&]]2 b !n !re come z1 comp5sation ! delightful morn+s ( o!r l&s & days1 :5 already 9 ! grey ( ! dawn he sees ! ?rong ( muses danc+ by1 close to him1 9 ! mi/ ( ! m\nta92 :5 aft]w>ds1 9 ! symmetry ( 8 ante-m]idian s\l1 he /rolls sil5tly "u ! trees1 out ( ^: cre/s & leafy hid+-places all mann] ( good & bright ?+s are flung to him1 ! gifts ( all ! free spirits :o are at home 9 m\nta9s1 =e/s1 & solitudes1 & :o1 l himself1 alt]nately m]ry & ?\ghtful1 are w&]]s & philosoph]s4 ,born ( ! secrets ( ! e>ly dawn1 !y pond] ! "q h[ ! day1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( t5 & twelve1 c h su* a pure1 transp>5t1 & glori\sly *e]ful c\nt5ance3 !y seek ! ante-m]idian philosophy4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is is :y ,nietzs*e po9t$ out lat] on t he _h an int]e/ 9 ! pres]vation ( ,*ri/ianity1 & t he 0 sure 8 tea*+ w\ld n und]m9e ?is fai?--j z little z an>*i/s h und]m9$ k+s2 b h left !m seat$ all ! m firmly on _! ?rones4--,j4,m4,k4 ,footnote #b3 ,wom5 nev] und]/& ?is4--,j4,m4,k4 ,,an ,,epode4 ,,among ,,fri5ds4 7,translat$ by ,t4 ,,common47 ,nice1 :5 mute we lie a-dream+1 ,nic] /ill :5 we are laugh+1 ',nea? ! sky heav5's *>iot spe$+1 ,on ! moss ! book a-read+1 ,sweetly l\d ) fri5ds all laugh+ ,joy\s1 ) :ite tee? a-gleam+4 ,d ,i well1 we're mute & humble2 ,d ,i ill--we'll laugh exce$+2 ,make x worse & worse1 unhe$+1 ,worse proce$+1 m laughs ne$+1 ,till into ! grave we /umble4 ,fri5ds6 ,yea6 s %all x obta98 ,am56 ,till we meet aga94 ,,ii4 ,no excuses ne$ be />t$6 ,give1 ye glad ones1 op5 he>t$1 ,to ?is fooli% book be=e y ,e> & he>t & lodg+ meet2 ,tru/ me1 'twas n meant to bore y1 ,?\gh ( folly ,i may treat6 ,:at ,i f9d1 seek1 & am ne$+1 ,0 x e'er 9 book = read+8 ,hon\r n[ fools 9 my "n1 ,le>n f out ?is book by read+ ,h[ our s5se f reason came4 ,?us1 my fri5ds1 %all x obta98 ,am56 ,till we meet aga94