,illustration3 ,a ,family ,group1 being ,portraits of the ,marquis of ,worcester with ,margaret his second wife1 and their infant daughter ,mary4 ,engraved by ,j4 ,cochran4 ,,edward ,,somerset1 ,,second ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester1 ,born about #afja4 ,died #crd4 ,april1 #affg ,,with ,,margaret1 ,,his ,,second ,,wife1 ,,who ,,died #bf,,th4 ,,july1 #afha1 ,,and ,,their ,,only ,,daughter ,,mary1 ,,who ,,died ,,an ,,infant4 ,drawn by ,henry ,dircks1 ,c4,e4 from the ,original of ,hanneman in the ,collection of ,his ,grace the ,duke of ,beaufort ,,the ,,life1 ,,times1 ,,and ,,scientific ,,labours ,,of ,,the ,,second ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester4 ,,to ,,which ,,is ,,added1 ,a ,,reprint ,,of ,,his ,,century ,,of ,,inventions1 #affc1 with a ,commentary thereon1 ,,by ,,henry ,,dircks1 ,,esq41 ,,civil ,,engineer1 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,inventas aut qui vitam excolure per artes4 ,quinque sui memores alios fecere merendo4 ,,virgil4 ,how few men of genius are there who have not been the victims of misfortune6 ,,sir ,,egerton ,,brydges1 ,,bart4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,bernard ,,quaritch1 #ae ,,piccadilly4 #ahfe4 ,illustration3 ,armorial bearings of ,his ,grace the ,duke of ,beaufort ,,to ,,the ,,most ,,noble ,henry ,charles ,fitz,roy1 ,,duke ,,of ,,beaufort1 ,,marquis ,,and ,,earl ,,of ,,worcester1 ,,earl ,,of ,,glamorgan1 ,,viscount ,,grosmont1 ,,baron ,,herbert ,,of ,,chepstow1 ,,ragland1 ,,and ,,gower1 ,,baron ,,beaufort ,,of ,,caldecot ,,castle1 ,,and ,,baron ,,de ,,battetcourt1 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,my ,,lord ,,duke1 ,,throughout your ,grace's most ancient and regal line of ancestry it would be impossible to name a more truly exalted character than ,,edward ,,somerset1 the sixth ,earl and second ,marquis of ,worcester1 father of ,henry1 created first ,duke of ,beaufort by ,charles the ,second4 ,this pre-eminence1 due to his high intellectual gifts in ,,constructive ,,ingenuity1 distinguishes him not only amongst the illustrious descendants of ,plantagenet1 but renders it impossible to name his compeer1 either among the highest nobility1 or the most eminent scientific celebrities of ,europe1 during the last two centuries4 ,indeed1 it may be justly said1 that ancient lineage1 noble descent1 illustrious titles1 even when crowned with all the glories of martial deeds1 or senatorial honours1 fade into comparative insignificance before the enduring renown1 which it is alone the prerogative of original genius to confer on the memory of men remarkable for their discoveries in arts conducive to the elevation of mankind in the scale of being4 ,the ,history of ,science from the days of ,archimedes presents a vast phalanx of men mighty in genius2 but foremost in this intellectual group ranks the ,marquis of ,worcester1 the originality1 independence1 and grandeur of whose mechanical conceptions have acquired a world-wide celebrity2 for he it was who first evoked that ,titanic power1 which1 through successive improvements1 consequent on the accumulated ingenuity of two hundred years1 has given to the present age the modern ,steam-engine4 ,it may be freely conceded that1 stupendous as he himself pronounced the parent engine to be1 it was1 nevertheless1 only as the acorn compared to the time-honoured monarch of the forest4 ,just as the existence of the plant is dependant on that of the seed1 so1 had the ,engine he constructed never existed1 we might have been unacquainted even to this day with the mechanical application of steam4 ,living at a period when ,civil ,war convulsed this country1 and unhappily brought severe suffering on all who were conspicuous for their loyalty1 the ,marquis of ,worcester1 in common with the ,royalist party1 had to succumb to intolerant rulers4 ,for while ,cromwell enjoyed an income of #b1ejj per annum1 derived from a portion of his ,lordship's princely estates1 the ,protector proudly granted to ,,the ,,inventor ,,of ,,the ,,steam ,,engine1 a weekly stipend of ,three pounds6 ,unfortunately1 the ,restoration of the monarchy contributed but little to ameliorate his ,lordship's sad condition2 while his enthusiasm led him to sacrifice those personal comforts which his declining years would seem to have absolutely required2 rather than jeopardize operations depending on his great invention4 ,in offering for your ,grace's approval this first effort to realize a connected memoir of your ,grace's immortal ancestor1 it is unnecessary to dwell on the fact of its matter being chiefly derived from very scattered sources1 and often from but fragmentary materials1 though in every instance the very best available authorities have been consulted2 among which1 the unique collection of ,manuscripts1 so freely and obligingly submitted for the present purpose by your ,grace1 being given entire1 forms the most valuable and interesting portion4 ,i sincerely regret my own insufficiency to do complete justice to this comprehensive labour4 ,the result of my researches1 however1 may gratify your ,grace's curiosity1 and prove interesting in respect to many early family details4 ,and if my own earnestness of purpose1 in prosecuting this attempt1 does not mislead me1 ,i may venture to hope1 that the ,memoir will not only meet with your ,grace's favourable reception1 but prove1 at the same time1 acceptable to the general public4 ,with warm acknowledgments of heart-felt obligation to your ,grace1 for the exceedingly handsome and liberal manner in which manuscripts and paintings have been placed at my disposal1 ,i have the honour to be1 ,my ,lord ,duke1 ,your ,grace's most obliged1 ,and most humble1 obedient servant1 ,,henry ,,dircks4 ,,blackheath1 ,,kent1 ,january1 #ahfe4 ,,preface4 ,that a ,memoir of the ,inventor of the ,steam ,engine1 should appear for the first time two hundred years after his decease1 is an occurrence in our literature1 which1 of itself1 might almost be considered sufficient to arouse public inquiry in respect to such a production4 ,but far more solid ground exists for believing that the great country which gave birth to the ,inventor1 and his ,invention of one of man's noblest productions in art1 will peruse it with true national pride1 when assured of the amount and strength of the evidence now first adduced to establish those claims which1 although never entirely doubted1 yet have hitherto borne too misty and mythical a character to satisfy common comprehension4 ,the labour encountered in carrying out the required design may be appreciated from the fact1 that the present work has been to a great extent the study of thirty years1 although literally completed within only the last few years4 ,this field of inquiry has been1 consequently1 long open to more ambitious pens1 and sooner or later would1 no doubt1 have received1 as it demands--the attention of men of letters and of science4 ,probably no other country furnishes so singular a fact1 as that of being for two centuries without information much better than tradition1 and accumulated diversities of opinions freely indulged in1 respecting the political and private character1 and inventive talent of one of its most remarkable1 interesting1 and glorious benefactors4 ,and1 during so long a period1 in consequence of such defective and conflicting information1 producing the most absurd and unreliable statements1 even on the most ordinary points of individual history4 ,in the whole range of ,english biography1 within the same period of time1 no important memoir has ever been so mythical as that of ,edward ,somerset1 second ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,so entirely unacquainted are his countrymen with the history of his life1 that a very plausible work might be written to disprove both his authorship of the 8,century10 and his invention of the steam-engine4 ,indeed ,scotland has already contributed materials for the former1 and ,m4 ,arago1 late ,astronomer ,royal of ,france1 has all but made out the latter6 ,and such a production would excite little suspicion and probably no hostility of feeling4 ,but this need not cause much surprise when it is mentioned1 that it has not yet been the good fortune of any writer1 touching on the ,life of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 to escape recording a mass of errors1 such as occur in no other biography in our language2 although the period usually selected seldom exceeds four or five years1 out of a life of sixty-six4 ,the reader1 therefore1 who takes up the present volume1 under impressions derived from such dubious sources of information as those indicated1 will find little to confirm his preconceived opinions4 ,the histories of men as of nations require facts for their basis1 judgment to guide in their arrangement1 discretion to direct a wise selection1 and a knowledge of the whole to perfect the desired work4 ,the mixed character of the ,marquis of ,worcester has ever been a stumbling-block to the purely classical scholar1 the divine1 the politician1 and the lawyer2 while1 on the other hand1 the rapid advances in science during the last fifty years1 have deprived 8,the ,century0 of more than half its interest4 ,science cannot hope to be advanced by discussing the automata of the #agth century1 its fountains1 improvements in fire-arms1 bows1 keys1 stairs1 boats1 fortifications1 and many other promising inventions4 ,but a ,life of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 without the 8,century10 would be a drama without its most important character4 ,it is1 therefore1 no act of supererogation to give a commentary on that little1 but perplexing book2 it is something more than a mere amusement1 it is a necessary adjunct1 and is not wholly useless considered as a matter connected with the history of science4 ,the commentator on the 8,century0 may hope to render the biography of its noble author interesting from another and most important point of view1 which would be wholly lost by its omission1 or by treating it as secondary or unimportant4 ,the 8,century0 is the exponent of the man2 the author without his pocket-journal of his life-long labours is reduced to a nonentity1 with nothing higher left to him to boast of than his descent from royal blood1 the unimpeachable character of his noble line of ancestry1 and his own spotless rectitude of character--an amiable1 unintellectual man6 ,the 8,century10 the only work he is known to have left to posterity1 sorely perplexed the fastidious ,horace ,walpole1 was too much of a mechanical production for the astute ,david ,hume1 and has thoroughly bewildered the legal acumen of ,mr4 ,muirhead1 the biographer of ,james ,watt4 ,it has challenged the skill of critics of every degree1 from contributors to the ,gentleman's ,magazine to those of the ,harleian ,miscellany1 and even in all sketches of the history of the steam-engine1 percolating thence through biographies1 and popular accounts of ,raglan ,castle1 to the latest and best illustrated works on our castles and abbeys4 ,so many writers1 so many minds1 whose judgments in a collected form1 would afford a very discordant and uninviting miscellany1 a sad satire on the material and style of a certain class of criticism1 too much encouraged in our current literature4 ,it is painful to observe its constant want of sympathy with the pains and penalties which unhappily are the too frequent lot of lofty1 original1 inventive genius4 ,the case might fairly be paralleled by supposing ,voltaire and others to have successfully established a clique against ,shakespeare1 to misrepresent and malign the great dramatist up to the present time2 when1 suddenly should appear1 the first work1 to settle his literary claims6 ,of course it is declared impossible2 and so it is1 with a literary work2 but it is not so with ,inventions4 ,the fame of the ,marquis of ,worcester rests less on his book than on his ,water-commanding ,engine4 ,the book we see and read1 but probably not one man in ten thousand knows anything about the ,engine4 ,here is the weak point when the tide turns against the ,inventor1 against the man1 a man politically and religiously proscribed4 ,a great man for his ,engine but hated by those politicians who side with the ,stuart dynasty1 for his luckless association with ,charles the ,first4 ,and misunderstood by the dilettanti ,walpole1 a connoisseur in paintings and works of vertu1 but in matters of science more ignorant of the ,marquis of ,worcester's worth1 than ,voltaire was of ,shakespeare's genius4 ,but we regret there is a third conspicuous offender in the field1 and as he is the latest1 so we hope he is the last of the clan of vituperative critics4 ,our largely gifted historian1 ,lord ,macaulay1 never wrote such feeble lines as those in which he attempted to depict the ,marquis of ,worcester2 but the historian is a tower of strength1 and his words may here be quoted without a fear of our object being either mistaken1 or open to misrepresentation4 ,depreciation is not our object1 and nothing could be a greater folly than to attempt it on such ground2 we give them in evidence1 to prove how little really is known1 even in well-informed circles1 respecting this extraordinary inventor1 when so brilliant a writer as ,macaulay could be at fault1 from no other cause than defective information4 ,speaking of ,charles the ,second's reign1 he says3--8,the ,marquess of ,worcester had recently8 observed the expansive power of moisture rarified by heat4 ,after many experiments he had succeeded in constructing a rude steam engine18 which he called a fire water-work1 and which he pronounced to be an admirable and most forcible instrument of propulsion48 ,but the ,marquess was suspected to be a madman8 and known to be a ,papist4 ,his inventions1 therefore1 found no favourable reception48 ,his fire water-work might1 perhaps1 furnish matter for conversation at a meeting of the ,royal ,society18 but was not applied to any practical purpose480 ,these few lines suggest seven inquiries1 but we are satisfied ,macaulay could never have written thus upon the life of any great man of that period1 much less on this illustrious inventor1 had the proper materials been at command4 ,this example is valuable1 in as much as it is well known that ,lord ,macaulay was master of much curious reading1 particularly of the class referring to that interesting period of our country's history1 and also that he possessed a remarkably retentive memory4 ,but he was here dealing with a shattered monument2 its goodly form wholly gone1 and its fragments scattered in every direction2 here ground to dust1 there altogether buried1 and so disfigured and dishonoured that he made the most he could of the faint traces within his immediate reach1 and unquestionably felt satisfied that1 considering the limit of these few lines1 he had boldly1 graphically1 and truthfully pourtrayed the character he had designed to delineate4 ,how infinitely superior to this rough draught would have been the sketch1 had ,macaulay possessed proper documentary evidence4 ,a more striking or satisfactory instance than is here adduced could not be presented for showing the paucity of information hitherto existing in a collected form2 and those readers who might otherwise have doubted the fact1 will readily gather from what is here brought forward1 that the story of this singular man's life has hitherto remained untold4 ,the life of the ,marquis of ,worcester affords a tissue of the most violent contrasts1 romantic in many incidents1 exceeding any that have ever been experienced by any other descendant of our ancient nobility4 ,he was a man of rigid honour and probity1 remarkable too for his modesty1 virtue1 and genius1 in an age distinguished for few excellencies1 and notorious for many vices4 ,he was the favourite of his ,sovereign1 although in but little favour at ,court1 and the very esteem which raises most men was his certain ruin2 obliged to flee his country1 he returned only to be imprisoned2 and on his release1 was allowed #aef per annum out of his own princely but confiscated estates6 ,as the subject of ,charles the ,second1 he received back his demolished castle1 without the means to re-establish himself2 and1 steeped in debt1 he sought royal patronage in vain1 although his genius was perhaps of greater value to the state1 than all the revenues of the ,crown6 ,neglected by contemporaries1 his memory has been preserved rather traditionally than by any literary effort 7beyond fitful glimpses of doubtful praise71 to raise a monument to the indisputable inventor of the ,steam ,engine--that greatest source of our country's commercial and manufacturing greatness2 and universal1 moral and intellectual progress4 ,lord ,macaulay has tersely and justly remarked that3--8,the chief cause which made the fusion of the different elements of society 7in the #agth century7 so imperfect1 was the extreme difficulty which our ancestors found in passing from place to place4 ,of all inventions1 the alphabet and the printing press alone excepted1 those inventions which abridge distance have done most for the civilization of our species40 ,he then adds1 speaking of steam1 that it has--8in our day1 produced an unprecedented revolution in human affairs1 which has enabled navies to advance in the face of wind and tide1 and battalions1 attended by all their baggage and artillery1 to traverse kingdoms at a pace equal to that of the fleetest race-horse40 ,the general reader will be very likely to overlook one important fact1 a golden hinge on which more rests than at first appears in the following narrative2 and1 therefore1 a word of remark may not be altogether thrown away1 in calling attention to the circumstance4 ,there are very many persons1 most intelligent and well informed on other matters1 who have yet to learn that all invention is progressive in a regular series4 ,there may be a long series of elementary principles developed without the occurrence of a single practical result1 practical as regards any useful application to supply man's wants4 ,then may arise a series combining these elements1 so to speak1 and for the first time producing a new instrument1 machine1 or engine4 ,when a new machine is produced1 we do not say1 ,why it only consists of a number of wheels and cylinders1 therefore1 surely there is nothing new in it6 ,all the parts may be old1 and yet the combination be quite new4 ,to analyse an invention into its several parts1 would be equivalent to finding that a poem was only composed of the letters of the alphabet1 or the words in a dictionary4 ,but there is another point of view not lightly to be passed over4 ,take this instance of the steam engine4 ,we find a talented ,scotch writer wondering that ,englishmen take the trouble to claim the invention of the steam engine for the ,marquis of ,worcester1 because of the 8doubtfulness0 existing respecting it1 at the same time that he accompanies this statement with a large amount of evidence1 but evidence which he does not fully admit4 ,he thus places himself very much in the position of a philosopher1 who should adopt as his theory some peculiar notion to the effect that the letter ,a1 or the numeral #a1 could be dispensed with1 in consequence of some 8doubtfulness existing0 in respect to its value2 and that1 indeed1 to retain either any longer would only be evidence of a 8little national rivalry40 ,although this may appear too absurd in this light1 something very similar has been proposed as a kind of compromise in the contest between ,england and ,france1 the 8little national rivalry0 between which countries might be settled1 would ,englishmen but give up all further advocacy of the ,marquis of ,worcester's claim4 ,this is not the reason given1 but it is the happy result which would follow2 and it is urged against the invention1 that there is so much 8doubtfulness existing0 about it1 that it is a wonder any one takes further trouble in the matter4 ,so far as we can see1 its value is ,a1 or #a1 it is the first of a series1 it is the golden hinge1 or link1 on which all hangs2 take this away1 and we sever the head from the main body4 ,will any one in future be found to take up and maintain so foolish a line of argument8 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester was unquestionably the ,inventor of the ,steam ,engine in the first of its three stages1 as a fire engine4 ,previous to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 all that had been done1 was solely in the series developing a principle1 a mere idea1 but still no invention1 in the proper sense of such a term1 as applied to works of practical utility4 ,all other early efforts were purely elementary or experimental4 ,let us take an illustration from another branch of science4 ,it is not unreasonable to suppose that ,electricity1 using the term in its most extended sense1 will some day or other supersede steam4 ,we probably only require to be able to collect it cheaply and to control it effectually1 to employ the artillery of heaven on the wide ocean1 on our network of iron rails1 and throughout all our manufacturing establishments4 ,a1 we will suppose1 invents the first efficient ,electric ,engine1 which with fifty horse power is fully at work2 and in the course of a few years we sit down to write the history of this engine invented by ,a4 ,where shall we start in our history8 ,did not ,faraday years ago produce an electro-magnetic engine2 then of course ,faraday invented ,a4's engine6 ,but we need not stop here2 we have the whole history of electricity before us4 ,there is no end of machines and engines2 and a patent specification may come to light1 the nearest possible thing to ,a4 ,but we have not done yet1 we have to consider ,france1 c41 where we may find some more elementary electrical models before ,faraday1 and then of course before ,a4 ,so that1 on this system1 as hitherto adopted1 in attempting to settle a claim for ,de ,caus1 and depreciating the claim of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 we may venture to predict an analogous fate for the ,electric ,engine1 hereafter to be invented by some inventor1 ,a4 ,here we must plainly see that all that has hitherto been invented in this electrical line1 does not go beyond model or elementary apparatus1 and that however nearly some of these may approach any plan hereafter to be invented1 it would be ridiculous and highly reprehensible to set up claims based on no practical value1 and only colourably similar in some single particular1 but otherwise of no greater concern than as amusing or illustrative scientific toys4 ,de ,caus' fountain was one of these pleasing toys1 and ,de ,caus himself could never have thought otherwise of it1 taking his own large book and his own few lines of description2 although it served the purpose of ,m4 ,arago to assume for it a pre-eminence over the ,marquis of ,worcester's invention1 merely because the latter came half a century later4 ,the author is not aware of any portion of his work that is open to controversy1 unless it be that relating to a second visit to ,ireland1 asserted to have been made by the ,earl of ,glamorgan4 ,however1 should it be contended1 or proved1 that his negotiations refer to a single visit there1 the circumstance would not affect the main story4 ,the author has1 however1 had one essential difficulty to deal with1 arising from the quantity of correspondence and documentary evidence1 which1 under the circumstances1 he was obliged to introduce1 thus materially affecting the text4 ,it certainly was open to him to throw the greater part into the ,appendix1 but with considerable drawbacks to all readers really interested in such a work4 ,the course adopted has been to introduce documents1 of whatever kind1 in their order of date1 and to modernise the orthography 7and that alone7 to render them generally readable4 ,the few pieces admitted in their original style will satisfy any one how thoroughly unreadable the work would have become1 if largely occupied with such orthography4 ,the prayer 7for example7 is a strict copy of the original1 which appears to be in the handwriting of the ,marchioness1 with several interlinear corrections made by the ,marquis himself1 which certify to its genuineness4,a ,every document is given with its own date1 and no deviations occur beyond the modern spelling of words4 ,the 8,century10 however1 being printed matter1 has been re-produced verbatim1 with scrupulous accuracy4 ,the general reader will find that the really scientific portion of this memoir1 is restricted to the 8,century10 which has relieved the biographical portion of much technical detail3 no more reference to inventions occurring therein than appeared absolutely necessary to preserve uniformity in the narrative4 ,it was very desirable in such a work as the present to steer clear of a controversial strain1 whether in reference to the past or the present4 ,this has been effected in a great measure1 as regards the numerous detractors that might be cited1 who have given false views1 both of the personal character of the ,marquis1 and the merit of some or most of his inventions1 until we find the admiring biographer of the celebrated ,james ,watt1 as if blinded by too much light1 speaking of the ,marquis in the most disparaging terms4 ,and lastly1 it was impossible to escape recurring to the charge against ,savery2 the dates and facts1 now for the first time supplied1 going far to strengthen the belief1 that the engine reputed to be ,savery's1 is identical with that invented by the ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,the materials of the present work are principally derived from original sources with respect to ,manuscripts2 and from the highest published authorities4 ,all printed materials are scrupulously acknowledged in two catalogues1 one historical and literary1 the other wholly scientific4 ,through the kindness and liberality of ,his ,grace the ,duke of ,beaufort1 the entire collection of ,manuscripts in his ,grace's possession1 relative to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 are here given at large4 ,while at ,raglan1 on visiting ,troy1 ,osmond ,a4 ,wyatt1 ,esq41 was especially obliging in affording information2 as well as ,john ,cuxson1 ,esq41 of ,raglan2 and at ,badminton1 ,john ,thompson1 ,esq41 materially assisted in procuring the required manuscripts1 and affording facilities for copying them1 for which kindly aid the author can but insufficiently here express his obligations4 ,the author is likewise greatly indebted generally to the rich stores of the ,british ,museum1 and the obliging attentions of its principal officers2 to the ,state ,paper ,office1 where he was especially assisted through the kindness of ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green1 with the uncalendered papers given at pages #bdi1 #bgj1 #bhf1 and #bhg1 and to ,john ,bruce1 ,esq4 ,also to the excellent ,libraries of the ,royal ,society2 the ,london ,institution2 and the particularly valuable scientific collection of the ,patent ,office4 ,at ,oxford1 the privilege of consulting works and manuscripts at the ,bodleian ,library1 was freely granted1 and every facility afforded4 ,the author would especially notice among other contributions of information1 the able assistance of ,bennet ,woodcroft1 ,esq41 ,f4,r4,s41 c4 ,to the ,rev4 ,john ,webb1 of ,hay1 he is particularly indebted for the papers at pages #fd1 #hh1 and #adb1 to which that gentleman directed his attention1 and which he might otherwise have overlooked4 ,he has also received assistance from the collections of ,robert ,cole1 ,esq41 and of the late ,dawson ,turner1 ,esq41 which are noted where they occur4 ,when inquiring for the autograph of 8,glamorgan10 every possible effort to trace it1 although unavailing1 was kindly employed by the ,librarian of ,st4 ,cuthbert's ,college1 ,durham1 and by the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,grant1 the ,roman ,catholic ,bishop of ,southwark4 ,during the author's visit to ,dublin1 ,sir ,bernard ,burke1 ,ulster ,king at ,arms1 very obligingly searched for any documents referring to the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 that might be in ,dublin ,castle1 but without success2 and the author is also much indebted for general information most courteously given by the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,todd1 of ,trinity ,college1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,g4 ,travers1 ,marsh's ,library1 and the ,rev4 ,c4 ,p4 ,meehan2 and likewise1 through correspondence1 by the ,rev4 ,james ,graves1 of ,stonyford4 ,it now only remains for the author to say1 that in the event of any of our nobility or gentry1 or other collectors1 possessing any manuscript whatever1 even although only a copy of matter here produced1 he would esteem it a very particular favour to be informed of it 7through his publisher71 and to be permitted to examine any record1 bearing either directly or indirectly on this subject4 ,h4 ,d4 ,footnotes ,a ,i am happy in being able to afford this testimony1 were it only to dissipate the inuendoes of ,mr4 ,muirhead4 ,,contents4 ,,dedication ,page iii ,,preface vii-xxi #aeii-afbh4 ,chap4 ,i4--,marriage of ,henry ,somerset1 ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan #a-i #afja-afci4 ,chap4 ,,ii4--,birth1 home1 education1 early career1 times1 and first marriage of ,edward ,somerset1 ,lord ,herbert #aj-bi #afci-afdb4 ,chap4 ,,iii4--,edward1 ,lord ,herbert's second marriage #cj-cf #afda-afdb4 ,chap4 ,,iv4--,henry1 ,earl of ,worcester--created ,marquis of ,worcester--,raglan ,castle #cg-ed #afdb-afdd4 ,chap4 ,v4--,lord ,herbert in his military capacity #ee-fh #afdd-afde4 ,chap4 ,,vi4--,lord ,herbert created ,earl of ,glamorgan--,irish affairs #fi-id #afdj-afde4 ,chap4 ,,vii4--,raglan ,castle--,royal visits #ie-aaa #afde-afdf4 ,chap4 ,,viii4--,the ,earl of ,glamorgan's second visit to ,ireland #aab-aci #afdf-afdg4 ,chap4 ,,ix4--,raglan ,castle2 its defence and surrender--,death of ,henry1 ,marquis of ,worcester #adj-aef #afde-afdg4 ,chap4 ,x4--,the ,earl of ,glamorgan's transactions in ,ireland1 concluded #aeg-ahe #afdf-afej4 ,chap4 ,,xi4--,the ,marquis of ,worcester in exile2 resides in ,france #ahf-aia #afdc-afei4 ,chap4 ,,xii4--,affairs affecting the ,marquis of ,worcester's family1 in respect to ,worcester ,house and other property in and near ,london #aib-bjj #afea4 ,chap4 ,,xiii4--,the ,marquis of ,worcester's son1 and two daughters #bja-bjh #afea-affa4 ,chap4 ,,xiv4--,his return to ,england--,imprisonment1 and liberation--his 8,century0--pecuniary difficulties-- petitions--at ,charles the ,second's ,coronation--,lord ,herbert #bji-bcc #affj-affb4 ,chap4 ,,xv4--,his prospects at the period of the ,restoration-- ,proceedings in ,parliament respecting the ,patent to create him ,duke of ,somerset--,estates restored1 c4-- ,parliamentary duties #bcd-bdf #affj-affd4 ,chap4 ,,xvi4--,his ,inventions--further ,petitions--publication of his 8,century0--,charles ,,ii4 visits ,lord ,herbert at ,badminton--,worcester ,house1 ,strand #bdg-bfa #affd-afgj4 ,chap4 ,,xvii4--,his operations at ,vauxhall--,petitions and decease--,caspar ,kaltoff and family--,m4 ,sorbire--,cosmo1 ,grand ,duke of ,tuscany--,the ,dowager ,marchioness of ,worcester #bfb-cjh ,chap4 ,,xviii4--,a brief retrospect of the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,genealogy1 and his private1 political1 and philosophical character2 including his own statement of expenditure during the ,civil ,war #cji-cdb ,,list ,,of ,,engravings4 ,from ,drawings and ,sketches made1 and ,ciphers and ,autographs traced1 by the author4 ,the steel engraved ,portraits executed by ,mr4 ,j4 ,cochran1 and the ,wood ,engravings by ,mr4 ,stevens1 and ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,rimbault2 and ,coats of ,arms by ,mr4 ,layton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,steel ,,engravings4 ,a ,family ,group1 being ,portraits of the ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester1 with ,margaret his second wife1 and their infant daughter ,mary4 ,from a painting by ,hanneman4 7,see pages #cj1ca47 ,,to ,,face ,,title ,,page4 ,portrait of ,,elizabeth ,,lady ,,herbert1 first wife of ,edward ,lord ,herbert1 afterwards ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,from a painting by ,vandyke ,,page #af4 ,,wood ,,engravings4 ,,page4 ,armorial bearings of ,his ,grace the ,duke of ,beaufort iii ,plan of the ,castle and ,citadel of ,raglan1 ,monmouthshire xxiv ,baynard's ,castle1 from ,newcourt's ancient ,map of ,london1 #afeh #a ,worcester ,house1 #afeh #h ,h4 ,herbert 7autograph7 ,henry1 #ast ,marquis of ,worcester #aj ,e4 ,worcester 7autograph7 ,edward1 #dth ,earl of ,worcester #ab ,water-works side of the ,citadel1 ,raglan ,castle #bj ,distant view of ,raglan ,castle #di ,ed4 ,l4 ,herbert 7autograph7 afterwards #bnd ,marquis of ,worcester #gg ,the ,earl of ,glamorgan's writing in the address of a ,cipher letter #agi ,the letter written in his ,cipher4 ,see also page #eec4 #ahj ,the ,tower1 ,map of ,london1 #afeh4 #baa ,worcester autograph1 #affe-f1 of the ,author of the 8,century0 #bhc ,st4 ,cadocus1 ,raglan ,church #bif ---- east end and plan #big ,arms of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 and his two wives #bih ,c4 ,somerset 7autograph7 ,charles ,somerset1 #ast ,earl of ,worcester #cji ,one line of the ,marquis of ,worcester's cipher writing #ccc ,a ,cipher ,seal #cgg ,portrait of ,edward ,lord ,herbert1 afterwards second ,marquis of ,worcester1 from a painting by ,vandyke1 in the possession of his ,grace1 the ,duke of ,beaufort #chi ,a one line ,cipher #cib ,the ,marquis's ,cipher #cih ,ancient ,paddle ,boat #djh ,a ,balance ,water-work #dag ,a ,bucket-fountain #dah ,a double-drawing ,engine #dbd ,a to and fro ,lever #dbf ,a most easy level ,draught #dbg ,tobacco-tongs #ddf ,a weighted wheel #ded ,a water-flowing and ebbing motion #deg ,a musketeer1 #afdc #dfe ,de ,caus' ,fountain #dgg ,a forcer #dhc ,savery's ,engine1 #afii #dhe ,engine to raise weights #ecb ,porta's steam apparatus #eda ,a blowing olipile #edb ,a steam blow-pipe #edc ,a fire-blowing olipile #edc ,a weather glass #edf ,the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,engine #eea --his ,cipher ,alphabet #eec ,construction of a water-screw #eed ,christopher ,copley 7autograph7 #egj ,,references ,,to ,,the ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,castle ,,and ,,citadel ,,of ,,raglan1 ,,monmouthshire4 99499 ,all other portions are named on the plan4 ,,the ,,castle4 #a4 ,outer portcullis2 #a4 ,a second portcullis within the arched entrance4 #b4 ,gateway4 #c4 ,the gate4 #d1 #d4 ,two barbican towers4 #e4 ,a guard room4 #f4 ,parlour or ante-room4 #g4 ,stair-cases2 all marked #g4 #h4 ,the ,closet or ,library ,tower4 #i1 #aj4 ,sitting ,room or ,parlour1 originally wainscoted with oak1 and over which was the ,marquis's ,dining room4 #aj4 ,large bay-window looking towards the moat4 #aa4 ,broken porch4 #ab4 ,entrance from the courtyard to the vaults4 #ac1 #ac4 ,broken entrance to cellars4 #ad4 ,remains of a staircase4 #ae4 ,this part is vaulted4 #af4 ,suite of family apartments4 #ag4 ,gateway to the ,bowling-green4 #ah4 ,bridge4 #ai4 ,bowling-green4 #bj1 #bj4 ,cellars4 #ba4 ,steps and door leading to-- #bb4 ,way to stable-yard4 #bc4 ,one sipe of the outer wall of the ,paved ,court1 where the first breach was made by the ,parliamentary forces1 #afdf4 #bd4 ,ruined tower4 #be4 ,the buildings formerly here completely obliterated1 having suffered most during the siege4 #bf4 ,the bakery and remains of its ovens4 #bg4 ,entrance to the ,wet ,larder4 #bh4 ,an outside high level walk4 #bi4 ,low ground4 #cj4 ,pier wall4 #ca4 ,deep space4 #cb4 ,the ,kitchen ,tower1 remarkable for its great strength1 and remains of a large fire-place4 #cc4 ,a draw-well4 #cd4 ,a long1 narrow1 vertical gap through former windows and door4 ,the building probably had a corridor at top4 #ce4 ,ruins of cellar or dry larder4 #cf4 ,the uppermost window in this part indicates the situation of the apartment occupied by ,charles ,i4 #cg4 ,the ,buttery4 #ch4 ,the ,minstrels' gallery was probably raised here4 #ci4 ,porch leading to-- #dj4 ,the great ,banqueting hall4 #da4 ,spacious fire place1 with centre window high above4 #db4 ,the large1 handsome1 and well-preserved bay-window1 with a circular opening or ventilator in the roof4 #dc4 ,the recess4 #dd4 ,the arms of the ,beaufort ,family1 carved in stone1 are inserted centrally in the lofty wall on this side4 #de4 ,the ,pantry4 #df4 ,ruined entrance to the wine cellar4 #dg4 ,end of the ,picture ,gallery1 a narrow upper apartment of great length1 extending over and beyond the chapel4 #dh4 ,supposed to be the ,bell tower4 #di4 ,the apartments above and below here were the ladies' women's rooms4 #ej4 ,a through passage4 #ea4 ,high watch tower4 #eb4 ,an ancient ,arbor ,vit grows in the ,fountain ,court at this point4 #ec4 ,superior officers' quarters1 on the ground and upper floors4 #ed4 ,basin of the fountain4 ,,the ,,citadel1 ,,or ,,keep1 called ,,the ,,melin-,y-,,gwent1 ,,or ,,yellow ,,tower ,,of ,,gwent4 ,a4 ,there was probably a drawbridge here4 ,b4 ,b4 ,two broken bastions4 ,c4 ,a temporary wooden bridge4 ,d4 ,site of arched bridge to the ,keep4 ,e4 ,the ,water-works side of the ,keep1 presenting large grooves cut into the stone work1 probably to insert metal pipes1 c4 ,f4 ,stone stair-case to the top1 in good preservation4 ,g4 ,outer entrance to ,f4 ,h4 ,i4 ,ruins of the massy walls varying from #d to #aj feet high2 the upper portion destroyed in #afdf1 by order of ,parliament4 ,l4 ,a well4 ,illustration3 ,plan of the ,castle and ,citadel of ,raglan1 ,monmouthshire ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,castle ,,and ,,citadel ,,of ,,raglan1 ,,monmouthshire1 ,,the ,,property ,,of ,his ,grace ,the ,duke of ,beaufort1 c4 c4 ,from ,drawings by ,h4 ,,dircks1 ,civil ,engineer #ahfe4 ,,life ,,of ,,the ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,marriage ,,of ,,henry ,,somerset1 ,,lord ,,herbert ,,of ,,raglan4 ,towards the close of the sixteenth century there was a rumour afloat in ,london1 among aristocratic circles1 respecting a marriage in high life4 ,at that time ,blackfriars was as much the seat of fashion1 as ,st4 ,james's at a later period2 and was conveniently situated while ,queen ,elizabeth held her court at ,greenwich4 ,illustration3 ,baynard's ,castle1 from ,newcourt's ancient ,map of ,london1 #afeh ,,bird',s-,,eye ,,view ,,from ,,map ,,of ,,london1 #afeh4 ,a contemporary correspondent1 writing in the usual quaint style of the day1 states in a letter dated from ,baynard's ,castle1 the #bcrd of ,november1 #aeii3--8;,i hear that the ,lord ,herbert1 the ,earl of ,worcester's son1 shall marry ,miss ,anne ,russell1 and that it is concluded upon40 ,this announcement relates to no less a person than the future ,marquis of ,worcester1 father of that ,edward1 ,marquis of ,worcester1 whose life we shall hereafter have to detail1 and whose prowess was severely tested by the evil times of his closing career2 it will be interesting1 at this early stage of that eminent nobleman's personal history1 to follow this same correspondent through his future gossiping epistles touching the proposed matrimonial alliance4 ,writing to ,sir ,robert ,sydney on the ensuing #bbnd of ,december1 he acquaints him3--8,this afternoon your little daughter was christened by ,edward1 ,earl of ,worcester1 the ,lady ,nottingham1 and the ,lady ,buckhurst4 ,my ,lord of ,worcester sent his son1 ,henry ,lord ,herbert1 because he himself waited on the ,queen1 who rode abroad to take the air4 ,among the presents were a very fair bowl and a cover from the ,earl40 ,after a lapse of nearly four months1 we have again news from ,baynard's ,castle1 under date the #aith of ,april1 #afjj1 stating that--8,the marriage between ,lord ,herbert and ,mrs4 ,anne ,russell is concluded2 for my ,lady ,russell was at court1 to desire the ,queen's leave1 which is obtained40 ,but on the #afth of ,may we are assured--8,the marriage between ,lord ,herbert and ,mrs4 ,anne ,russell is at a stay1 till it please her ,majesty to appoint a day40 ,and further1 that--8,it will be honourably solemnized2 and many take care to do her all the possible honour they can devise4 ,the feast10 it is added1 8will be in ,blackfriars1 my ,lady ,russell making exceeding preparations for it40 ,her ,majesty appears to have been somewhat deficient in considering either the distraction she was occasioning the lovers1 or the disarranged domestic economy of the several attendants1 for another month is allowed to glide gloomily away1 only to find on the #bdth of ,may that--8,my ,lord of ,bedford is come to town1 and his lady to honour the marriage of ,mrs4 ,anne ,russell2 but the day is not yet appointed by her ,majesty1 which troubles many of her friends1 that stay in town to do her service40 ,some weeks more pass on1 when at length we learn from ,greenwich1 under date the #adth of ,june3--8,her ,majesty is in very good health1 and purposes to honour ,mrs4 ,anne ,russell's marriage with her presence4 ,it is thought she will stay there 7at ,blackfriars71 ,monday and ,tuesday4 ,my ,lord ,cobham prepares his house for her ,majesty to lie in1 because it is near the ,bridehouse4 ,there is to be a memorable masque of eight ladies2 they have a strange dance newly invented2 their attire is this3 ,each hath a skirt of cloth of silver1 a rich waistcoat wrought with silks1 and gold and silver1 a mantle of carnation taffeta cast under the arm2 and their hair loose about their shoulders1 curiously knotted and interlaced4 ,these are the masquers4 ,my ,lady ,doritye1 ,mrs4 ,fitton1 ,mrs4 ,carey1 ,mrs4 ,onslow1 ,mrs4 ,southwell1 ,mrs4 ,bess ,russell1 ,mrs4 ,darcy1 and my ,lady ,blanch ,somersett4 ,these eight dance to the music ,apollo brings2 and there is a fine speech that makes mention of a ninth1 much to her honour and praise4 ,the preparation for this feast is sumptuous and great2 but it is feared1 that the house in ,blackfriars will be little for such a company4 ,the marriage is upon ,monday40 ,accordingly on ,monday the #afth of ,june1 #afjj1 her most gracious ,majesty ,queen ,elizabeth1 arrived at ,blackfriars in all possible state to grace the marriage of the ,lord ,herbert and his wife4 ,the ,bride 7the same gossiping authority states7 met the ,queen at the waterside1 where my ,lord ,cobham had provided a ,lectica1 used similar to a sedan chair made like half a litter1 whereon she was carried to my ,lady ,russell's by six knights4 ,her ,majesty dined there1 and at night1 went through ,dr4 ,pudding's house 7who gave the ,queen a fan71 to my ,lord ,cobham's1 where she supped4 ,after supper the masque came in2 and delicate it was to see eight ladies so prettily and richly attired4 ,mrs4 ,fitton led1 and after they had done all their own ceremonies1 then eight lady masquers chose eight ladies more to dance the measures4 ,mrs4 ,fitton went to the ,queen1 and wooed her to dance4 ,her ,majesty asked her what she was4 8,affection10 she said4 8,affection60 said the ,queen2 8,affection is false40 ,yet her ,majesty rose and danced4 ,so did my ,lady ,marquis 7of ,winchester74 ,the ,bride was led to the ,church by the ,lord ,herbert of ,cardiffe1 and my ,lord ,cobham2 and from the ,church by the ,earls of ,rutland and ,cumberland4 ,the gifts given that day were valued at one thousand pounds1 in plate and jewels1 at least4 ,the entertainment was great and plentiful1 and my ,lady ,russell much commended for it4 ,her ,majesty1 upon ,tuesday 7following7 came back again to the ,court4 ,but the solemnities continued till ,wednesday night4 8,and now the ,lord ,herbert1 and his fair lady are at ,court10 7writes this pleasant correspondent on the #bcrd of the same month47#bh ,the bride's portion1 as a younger daughter1 was said to be about two thousand pounds in money2 one hundred and fifty pounds a year in land2 and a reversion of one thousand marks4#ajf ,thus was celebrated the marriage of ,henry the young ,lord ,herbert1 son of ,edward1 fourth ,earl of ,worcester1 then ,master of the ,horse1 who was eminently distinguished alike for his noble and ancient lineage and courtly attainments4 ,greatly was his son's marriage honoured1 not only by the presence of royalty in the person of a queen of ,elizabeth's high-toned feelings and sentiments1 but1 if possible1 more so by her condescending to participate in the dance on that festive occasion4 ,the particulars afforded by this domestic incident take us far back to a most interesting period in our country's history4 ,the great ,queen's reign was then within three years of its close4 ,the ,pope had published his bulls to exclude ,king ,james from the throne of ,england4 ,on the #aith of ,november following1 was born at ,dunfermline in ,scotland1 ,prince ,charles1 whose future reign was destined materially to affect the family and fortunes of the ,somersets1 ,earls of ,worcester4 ,the social habits of the aristocracy1 as here briefly pourtrayed1 evince a peculiarly primitive character4 ,three days' feasting shows a singular lustihood of enjoyment in the revels attaching to such occasions of festivity4 ,but1 notwithstanding we are treating of the most elevated society1 in the most flourishing period of the ,augustan ,age of our ,literature1 as it has been not inappropriately styled1 a comparative grossness of habit prevailed1 occasioning a particular relish for such carousals1 during the period that viands and wine were served without stint or stay4 ,many of the modern common luxuries of the table were then unknown2 asparagus1 artichokes1 cauliflowers1 and other edibles were not introduced2 while the finest clothing was costly1 being of foreign manufacture4 ,considerations like these should check the forming of hasty judgments in reference to the manners and customs of olden times4 ,the lady whom ,henry ,lord ,herbert had thus espoused was ,anne1 sole daughter and heir of ,john ,lord ,russell1 eldest son of ,francis ,russell1 ,earl of ,bedford4 ,she bore him nine sons1 of whom ,edward was the eldest son and heir1 and four daughters1 making in all a family of thirteen children4 ,sir ,john ,somerset1 the second son1 married ,mary1 daughter of ,thomas ,arundel1 ,lord ,arundel of ,wardour2 and1 as will appear in the sequel1 he resided at ,troy ,house1 near ,monmouth4 ,the fifth son1 ,thomas ,somerset1 lived at ,rome1 #afgf2 and his brother ,charles was governor of ,raglan ,castle in #afdf1 and afterwards died a ,canon at ,cambray in ,flanders4 ,four other sons died in infancy2 and another1 later in life1 died unmarried4 ,kennet1 the historian1 records1 in respect of one of the daughters1 that ,king ,james reprimanded the ,earl1 her father1 for his sending her to ,brussels to be made a nun1#eh in #afbj4 ,but it will be our chief business hereafter to treat especially of the life and labours of the first-named son of this nobleman2 only making such allusions to the father1 and relating such circumstances affecting him1 as serve to throw light on remote particulars of his son's life4 ,of the age of ,henry ,lord ,herbert1 at the time of his marriage1 we are afforded indirect evidence through ,wood1 who1 speaking of him and his elder brother ,william 7who died unmarried during his father's lifetime7 being at ,magdalen ,college1 ,oxford1 in #aeia1 states the brothers to have been of the respective ages of #ae and #ad2 so that ,henry1 being then only #ad years of age1 would have been born on or about the year #aegg1 and marrying in the year #afjj1 he would at that time be in his #bcrd year4 ,his age has been very variously1 and1 as it appears1 vaguely stated2 originating probably with hasty printed statements during the ,civil ,war1 when no particular purpose had to be served by accuracy on such a matter4 ,wood certainly was not likely to be ten years out of truth in recording the ages of youths4 ,it is also more likely that his ,lordship in his circumstances1 and with his family1 had married rather at #bc than at #cc years of age4 ,we meet with no accounts of the births or baptisms of his children1 with the exception of his seventh son1 ,frederick ,somerset1 who1 according to the ,parish ,registers of ,st4 ,dunstan's in the ,west1#gc ,london1 was baptized on the #bfth ,march1 #afac1 in the house of ,lady ,morrison in the ,friars1 she being related through the ,russells to ,anne ,lady ,herbert4 ,james ,i4 was proclaimed on the #bdth of ,march1 #afjc4 ,the same month ,lord ,herbert was summoned to ,parliament1 being then #bf years of age4 ,a great plague was at that time raging in the metropolis1 having destroyed #cj1jjj of the population1 rendering his residence in town very perilous4 ,his ,lordship's father was1 in #afjd1 invested with the ,order of the ,garter1 and on resigning his office of ,master of the ,horse1 on the #ast of ,january1 #afaf1 having retained it fifteen years1 he was1 on the #bnd of the same month1 made ,keeper of the ,privy ,seal4 ,in a literary and scientific point of view1 this was a period of great historical interest4 ,in ,december1 #afjh1 ,milton was born2 while in ,april1 #afaf1 ,shakespeare died4 ,in #afaa the new translation of the ,bible was published4 ,lord ,napier1 in ,scotland1 invented his system of logarithms2 the great ,harvey was propounding his discovery respecting the circulation of the blood2 and ,sir ,hugh ,myddleton had completed his great undertaking of forming the ,new ,river4 ,such are a few among the prominent facts that mark the intelligence and enterprise of those times4 ,it is possible that ,henry ,lord ,herbert's parliamentary duties1 his attendance at court1 with other circumstances1 might occasion prolonged residence at ,worcester ,house1 in the ,strand1 the ancient family town mansion1 a locality which was occupied by many noble families above two centuries ago4 ,nothing transpires to indicate his presence at ,raglan ,castle at that period4 ,illustration3 ,worcester ,house1 #afeh ,,bird',s-,,eye ,,view ,,from ,,map ,,of ,,london1 #afeh4 ,on the #bdth of ,august1 #afba1 died ,elizabeth1 daughter of ,francis ,hastings1 ,earl of ,huntingdon2 and on the #crd of ,march1 #afbg1 in the #gith year of his age1 ,edward1 fourth ,earl of ,worcester1 the honoured parents of ,henry ,lord ,herbert1 who succeeded to his father's dignities and fortune4 ,their decease happened at their town residence1 whence each was conveyed with great funeral solemnity to ,raglan1 where1 being interred in the family vault of ,raglan ,church1 suitable monuments were raised to their memory4 ,of ,henry1 now fifth ,earl of ,worcester1 we have less intelligence as resident in ,london than as retired to his magnificent ,castle of ,raglan1 in ,monmouthshire4 ,on the #acth of ,march1 #afbh1 he obtained dispensation to be absent from ,parliament1,a which appears to have been the commencement of his decreased attention to public business4 ,he had then been married twenty-eight years1 being in the fifty-first year of his age4 ,of his numerous family he lost five sons and three daughters4 ,edward1 his first born and heir was probably about twenty-six years old2 ,sir ,john ,somerset1 his second son1 most likely occupied ,troy ,house1 a few miles off1 while his next surviving and sixth son1 ,charles ,somerset1 he installed as ,governor of his ,castle4 ,the noble ,earl1 inclined to a plethoric constitution1 had not uniform good health1 being subject to gout1 yet was he of a joyous1 hearty1 kind1 benevolent disposition4 ,he was too a man of some learning1 without being distinguished for its application1 otherwise than in some verbal polemical discussions attributed to him by ,dr4 ,bayly1 the last chaplain in his service1 who has preserved many of his witty apophthegms1 presenting us with indications of his religious and political sentiments4 ,although our interest in this memoir concerns us less in reference to the father1 than to be informed respecting his son1 yet the intelligent reader cannot fail to discover1 that ,edward1 now ,lord ,herbert1 during the early years of his life1 was necessarily so intimately associated with all matters of domestic history1 affecting the large family then resident at ,raglan ,castle1 that such relations as can be gathered respecting its several branches at that early period1 are invested with a degree of interest which they might not under other circumstances possess4 ,footnotes #bh ,collins4 #ajf ,wiffin1 v4 ii4 p4 #ef4 #eh ,kennet4 #gc ,j4 ,b4 ,nichols1 vol4 vi4 p4 #cga4 ,a ,calendar of ,state ,papers4 ,domestic ,series4 ,charles ,i4 #afbh-afbi4 ,edited by ,john ,bruce1 ,esq4 #hvo4 #ahei4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,birth1 ,,home1 ,,education1 ,,early ,,career1 ,,times1 ,,and ,,first ,,marriage ,,of ,,edward ,,somerset1 ,,lord ,,herbert4 ,as already related1 ,henry1,a fifth ,earl of ,worcester1 married in ,june1 #afjj1 while yet attached to the ,court of ,queen ,elizabeth1 and1 therefore1 most likely he was resident at ,worcester ,house1 in the ,strand1 a building of some importance from its magnitude and position1 as well as from the princely character of the noble possessor of the property4 ,there1 it is reasonable to conclude1 was born ,edward ,somerset early in #afja1 the son and heir whose eventful history will hereafter mainly occupy our attention1 first as ,lord ,herbert1 afterwards as the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 and lastly1 on succeeding to his father's titles1 as ,earl and ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,the birth of this ,lord ,herbert has never before been attempted to be ascertained1 wherefore the present assumed date requires confirmation4 ,on the #adth of ,july1 #afji1 when he would thus probably be only eight years of age1 we find him associated with his grandfather and father in a lease of lands in the manor of ,wondy1 ,monmouth1 and of the fishing1 or river of ,usk and ,carlion1 for their lives4,b ,his preceptor at ,raglan ,castle was ,mr4 ,adams2 but he does not appear1 like his father1 to have been at any college in ,england2 as1 however1 he travelled much on the ,continent at an early period of his life1 it is possible he also finished his education at some foreign university4 ,in a communication of singular interest1 written late in life1 hereafter given in full1 he specially observes3--8,amongst ,almighty ,god's infinite mercies to me in this world1 ,i account it one of the greatest that his divine goodness vouchsafed me parents as well careful as able to give me virtuous education1 and extraordinary breeding at home and abroad1 in ,germany1 ,france1 and ,italy1 allowing me abundantly in those parts40 ,this summary is sufficiently explicit as regards the circuit of his travels1 and the easy1 agreeable circumstances under which it was performed1 but still leaves it open to doubt whether he had completed his educational course before entering on his continental tour4 ,wood expressly states1 in reference to ,lord ,herbert's father1 that after he had been two or three years at college he was sent to travel in ,france1 ,italy1 c41 where he presumes he changed his religion for that of ,rome4#aji ,during the reign of ,james ,i41 and while his grandfather was ,keeper of the ,privy ,seal1 no mention occurs of ,lord ,herbert enjoying any favour at ,court1 his courtier life commencing only in that of ,charles ,i41 according to allusions made in the document before noticed4 ,on the accession of the latter monarch to the throne1 ,lord ,herbert might be #bd years of age4 ,in alluding to his 8education and breeding10 coupled with his travels1 he adds3 8,and since most plentifully at my master of most happy memory1 the late ,king's ,court20 making it almost conclusive that his education was considered as completed shortly prior to the ,king's decease1 in #afbe4 ,in #afbg his grandfather was at ,worcester ,house1 whence he wrote to the ,earl of ,huntingdon on the #aath of ,june1 informing him of his illness and inability to leave his bedchamber4,c ,the first year of the reign of ,charles ,i4 was an auspicious one1 therefore1 for the young ,lord ,herbert4 ,his father1 a stalwart1 hale man1 was in the prime of life1 only #dh years of age1 lord of one of the finest castles in the kingdom1 whether considered for the beauty1 strength and importance of its structure and its commanding situation1 or the extent of its parks1 pastures1 plantations1 and forests2 it was a luxurious place well stored with paintings1 furniture1 and plate1 while it was surrounded with every embellishment of fountains1 fishponds1 statuary1 and gardens that art or wealth could command4 ,lord ,herbert himself was rich in acquired knowledge1 and in whatever way his natural genius then displayed itself1 such a mind as he possessed must have afforded many evidences of latent talent4 ,one important part of a young nobleman's education in ,elizabeth's time1 and later1 was that of horsemanship1 particularly in the tilt-yard1 a kind of adjunct to noble residences1 supposed by many to have existed even at ,raglan ,castle1 but such an opinion is not even authorised by any tradition4 ,some interest he might take in tournaments1 but we easily suspect without aiming at1 or succeeding in that skill in manuvres so requisite in the fierce and fiery jousts appertaining to such knightly contests1 equipped in heavy armour1 wielding a ponderous lance1 and mimicking all the maddest encounters of the fellest enemies4 ,we doubt if his talent lay that way4 ,his grandfather's horsemanship has been greatly extolled by all writers1 in alluding to his character4 ,in his youth 7it is said7 he was remarkable for his athletic acquirements1 distinguishing himself by the manly exercises of riding and tilting1 in which he was perhaps superior to any of his contemporaries4 ,but we have no reason to extol the grandson for like success in these chivalric exercises4 ,we conceive he was otherwise disqualified1 that he was too light of weight and too short in stature4 ,he appears to have been of slender figure1 and rather under than above the middle standard in height4 ,in another point1 indirectly perhaps affecting this same matter1 he did not possess that easy1 boisterous speech which armed assailants may often be called on to assume1 to strike terror into a foe1 by throwing him off his guard4 ,he himself acknowledges1 later in life1 to this vocal defect1 when1 in writing to ,charles ,,ii4 he admits that he takes up the pen1 as he says1--8,to ease your ,majesty of a trouble incident to the prolixity of speech1 and a natural defect of utterance which ,i accuse myself of40 8,the prolixity of speech0 any one may imagine1 both from the letter in which this passage occurs1 as well as in the noble lord's general correspondence throughout his life2 it seems to be a style in which the close of each sentence1 or its matter1 suggests the next1 to be followed again in like manner1 until the main subject becomes so overlaid as to be lost in needless verbose amplification4 ,but he could and did write tersely enough on occasion4 ,no man could then better display the admirable art of compressing large meaning into small compass4 ,if eloquence in speaking 8troubled0 him1 eloquent writing assuredly cost him1 it would appear1 vastly more trouble in the labour of the pen4 ,we suspect that concentration of thought was natural to him1 but its elaboration to produce that roundness of period assumed necessary for the style of a courtly gentleman1 confused and perplexed him4 ,we imagine the prosy writer1 being conversationally sententious2 perhaps painfully so to the ears of fashionable society1 delighting as it does in the trivialties of such conversation as that which would principally characterise the ,court of those days2 rendered perhaps only the more irksome by his continuance in its fashionable frivolities for three or more years4 ,a very fair specimen of the mechanical knowledge of the period1 when ,lord ,herbert was finishing his education1 is afforded in the work of ,henry ,peacham1 published in #afbg1 entitled 8,the ,compleat ,gentleman40 ,in his ninth chapter1 treating of ,geometry1 he says3 8,out of ,egypt1 ,thales brought it into ,greece1 where it received that perfection we see it now hath4 ,for by means hereof are found out the forms and draughts of all figures1 greatness of all bodies1 all manner of measures and weights1 the cunning working of all tools2 with all artificial instruments whatsoever4 ,all engines of war1 for many whereof 7being antiquated7 we have no proper names2 as1 ,exosters1 ,sambukes1 ,catapultes1 ,testudos1 ,scorpions1 c4 ,petardes1 ,grenades1 great ,ordinance of all sorts4 8,by the benefit1 likewise1 of ,geometry1 we have our goodly ships1 gallies1 bridges1 mills1 chariots and coaches1 7which were invented in ,hungary1 and there called ,cotzki71 some with two wheels1 some with more2 pullies and cranes of all sorts4 ,she 7,geometry7 also with her ingenious hand rears all curious roofs and arches1 stately theatres1 the columns simple and compounded1 pendant galleries1 stately windows1 turrets1 c4 ,and first brought to light our clocks and curious watches 7unknown unto the ancients72 lastly1 our kitchen jacks1 even the wheel-barrow4 ,besides whatsoever hath artificial motion1 either by air1 water1 wind1 sinews or cords1 as all manner of musical instruments1 water works and the like4 8,yea1 moreover1 such is the infinite subtilty1 and immense depth of this admirable art1 that it dares contend even with nature's self1 in infusing life1 as it were1 into the senseless bodies of wood1 stone1 or metal4 ,witness the wooden dove of ,archytas1 so famous not only by ,agellius1 but many other authors beyond exception2 which by reason of weights equally poised within the body1 and a certain proportion of air 7as the spirit of life enclosed71 flew cheerfully forth1 as if it had been a living dove40 ,this ,cambridge ,master of ,arts appears much delighted with these and certain minute automata1 occupying two pages in describing ,scaliger's ship1 to swim and steer itself by means of the pith of rushes1 bladder1 and little strings of sinews2 a wooden eagle 8which mounted up into the air1 and flew before the ,emperor to the gates of ,nuremberg20 an iron fly that flew about a table2 ants and other insects made of ivory1 so small that the 8joints of their legs could not be discerned20 a four wheeled coach1 which a fly could 8cover with her wings20 a ship with all its sails1 8which a little bee could overspread20 and1 8of later times1 ,hadrian ,junius1 tells us that he saw with great delight and admiration1 at ,mechlin1 in ,brabant1 a cherry-stone cut in the form of a basket1 wherein were fifteen pair of dice distinct1 each with their spots and number1 very easily of a good eye to be discerned20 how 8the ,ilias of ,homer written1 was enclosed within a nut20 while1 to conclude1 ,scaliger1 relates 8of a flea he saw with a long chain of gold about its neck40 ,the account of these wonders of art1 winds up with descriptions of brazen1 glass1 and silver models1 or planetariums illustrating the situations and motions of the heavenly bodies4 ,from this serious discourse1 by a grave scholar1 and contemporary1 relating to the labours of the first mathematicians of a bygone as well as of the existing age1 we may form a valuable conception of the state of science1 in its popular character1 when ,edward1 ,lord ,herbert1 entered upon his own course of practical philosophical pursuits1 affording the ground work of his ,century of ,inventions1 the accumulated digest of whatever he had effected during the early1 middle1 and later years of his life4 ,viewed from any other point than the period in which he lived1 the means of information around him1 and the comparatively limited extent of scientific knowledge1 the modern reader would form a serious misconception of his singular abilities1 his versatile mechanical talent and the fecundity of his inventive ingenuity4 ,there can be little or no doubt but that he was well versed in the mathematical knowledge of his times1 and that it principally contributed in aiding him to obtain those mechanical results1 to which we consequently find him restricting his attention4 ,lord ,bacon had died but the year before the publication of ,peacham's work4 ,alchemy still ruled and had its adepts and votaries2 and ,ashmole made a large collection of alchemical writings1 for ,chemistry was but just faintly emerging from the mysticisms of its precursor1 ,alchemy4 ,in the year #afbh ,edward ,somerset1 ,lord ,herbert1 being then about #bg years of age1 married ,elizabeth1 daughter of ,sir ,william ,dormer1 eldest son of ,robert ,lord ,dormer of ,weng1 and sister to ,robert ,earl of ,carnarvon4#e ,she became in #afbi the mother of ,henry,d ,somerset 7afterwards created first ,duke of ,beaufort72 and had besides two daughters1 ,anne1 who married ,henry ,frederick1 third ,earl of ,arundel of the ,howards2 and ,elizabeth1 who married ,william ,herbert1 first ,marquis of ,powis4 ,illustration3 ,portrait of ,elizabeth ,lady ,herbert1 first wife of ,edward ,lord ,herbert1 afterwards ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,from a painting by ,vandyke ,engraved by ,j4 ,cochran4 ,,elizabeth1 ,,lady ,,herbert1 ,died #cast4 ,may1 #afce4 ,,first ,,wife ,,of ,,edward ,,somerset1 ,,lord ,,herbert4 ,,afterwards ,,second ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester4 ,drawn by ,henry ,dircks1 ,c4,e4 from the ,original of ,vandyke in the ,collection of ,his ,grace the ,duke of ,beaufort4 ,published by ,b4 ,quaritch1 ,piccadilly1 ,london1 #ahfd4 ,no contemporary or other hand has recorded any details of ,lord ,herbert's marriage1 or even any particulars of his early life2 in the absence of decisive information1 we can only surmise from stray facts the possibility of his having withdrawn from the ,court1 taken up his abode at ,raglan ,castle1 and there occupied himself in those scientific studies and pursuits which were his special delight at that early period1 and which were indeed the solace even of his declining years4 ,judging from a statement that occurs in his writings1,e it is most likely that in #afbh1 soon after his marriage1 he engaged the services of 8the unparalleled workman both for trust and skill1 ,,caspar ,,kaltoff10 of whom we shall have occasion to speak more at length hereafter1 and who1 he says1 was 8as in a school under me employed20,f by which we understand that ,kaltoff had the practical management of those mechanical and other inventions which1 then commenced1 became the principal study and employment of his ,lordship's leisure during the remainder of his life4 ,he must have set up a complete laboratory or workshop in which to operate on the many varied ingenious contrivances and experiments1 of only part of which he has left us a most interesting catalogue raisonn4 ,the early genius of ,lord ,herbert would appear to have exhibited itself in an attachment to mathematical studies1 and a singular predilection1 in a young nobleman1 for mechanical pursuits4 ,he has himself mentioned two instances which we consider may fairly be referred to his earliest continental tour1 accompanied by his tutor4 ,speaking of a certain contrivance for a fountain1 he explicitly declares3--8,this ,i confess1 ,i have seen and learned of the great mathematician ,claudius his studies at ,rome1 he having made a present thereof unto a ,cardinal40 ,and when1 alluding to a peculiar kind of lever1 he pointedly remarks3 8,this ,i saw in the arsenal at ,venice20,g thus showing how early his mind was impressed with those studies which became the distinguishing feature of his writings2 and all the more surprising in him1 considering his birth1 his times1 and the originality and fruitfulness of his inventive talent1 which might have found ample scope in some branch of literature1 in agriculture1 or in military works4 ,his employment of a foreign mechanic was quite in accordance with the spirit of the age4 ,national and private undertakings1 as well as manufacturing and other matters requiring engineering skill1 were ordinarily superintended by eminent ,italian1 ,dutch1 ,german1 ,french1 ,swiss1 or other continental engineers4 ,during a period of seven years1 from the time of his marriage1 his life appears to have borne an entirely studious and domestic character1 spent1 most likely1 principally at ,raglan4 ,to the ample leisure and quiet thus afforded him we may attribute all his lesser inventions1 such as the numerous schemes for effecting and conveying secret correspondence1 which in early and troubled times were esteemed as highly useful2 some of his automata1 amusive toys1 drawing and other instruments and mechanical devices4 ,he appears to have taken considerable interest in multiplying these comparatively minor inventions almost to exhaustion1 as it were1 of the several subjects to which they apply4 ,so fertile1 indeed1 was this inventive faculty in him1 that he himself has stated3 8,the more that you shall be pleased to make use of my inventions1 the more inventive shall you ever find me1 one invention begetting still another40,h ,among his larger works we must rank his water-raising engines1 in which his earliest efforts are exhibited in the water-works he erected in connection with the ,citadel or ,keep of ,raglan ,castle2 which1 as will be more minutely explained in a future commentary1 belongs to this period4 ,it probably depended for its operation on the influence of heat from burning fuel acting on a suitably constructed boiler containing water1 and so arranged as to be able to apply the expansive force of steam to the driving of water through vertical pipes to a considerable elevation1 which in this instance is supposed to have been limited to a large cistern on the summit of the ,citadel or ,donjon1 known as the ,tower of ,gwent4 ,this early work may1 in fact1 have been the occasion of calling in the aid of ,caspar ,kaltoff2 and once thus employed1 his after retention by such a master is readily conceivable4 ,but master1 and man1 and works have all disappeared1 and no printed1 written1 or drawn record or model remains of the waterworks there set up1 to enable us to point distinctly to precise particulars of arrangement4 ,all that the inquisitive and ingenious investigator can find to reward his most prying curiosity1 are certain strange mysterious grooves in the external wall of the ,citadel1 on one side facing the moat and the castle1 which point like a hieroglyphic inscription to the precise place where once stood in active operation the first practical application in a primitive form of a means of employing steam as a useful mechanical agent4 ,illustration3 ,water-works side of the ,citadel1 ,raglan ,castle ,the annexed engraving represents a view of that side of the ,citadel which looks across the moat towards the castle2 that is1 across the place where a bridge once stood1 and opposite the ,fountain ,court4 ,commencing from below we observe a gothic doorway1 which was the entrance to the draw and the permanent bridges4 ,over the arched interior of this entrance is a chamber or cell1 measuring about seven feet by five feet1 and better than six feet high in the centre4 ,on the outside front of the cell are seen indications of two square places2 and above them1 one to each1 two upright channels or grooves1 each one foot wide and the same in depth4 ,adjoining is another groove but terminating at bottom in two lesser grooves of four inches and a half in width1 connected a little way up with the large groove4 ,this second portion has a distinct cell behind it1 less in dimensions than the first4 ,from the summit of the three large vertical channels to the ground measures forty-six feet4 ,now it would have been quite possible to work a small steam boiler in each cell1 and the pipes from those boilers might have been enclosed in the grooves described1 entering inwards at top to discharge their contents into a cistern on the ,citadel roof4 ,and the boilers might have been conveniently supplied with water from the moat either by hand pumps1 or by forming a vacuum for that purpose4 ,it is here1 however1 unnecessary to enter upon mechanical details1 as the subject will appear at large when describing his matured ,invention4 ,that inimitable portrait painter ,vandyck1 who was born #aeih-i1 studied under ,rubens1 and was an especial favourite with ,charles the ,first1 has undoubtedly left us a faithful portraiture of the features of both his ,lordship and of ,elizabeth his first wife2 the former dating probably between #afba and #afbf1 the latter between #afbh and #afce4 ,the portrait of ,lady ,herbert1 three-quarter size1 is to be seen in the dining-room at ,badminton ,house4 ,it displays an intellectual countenance of a serious1 dignified and most pleasing cast2 her dark auburn hair is combed close from the forehead backwards1 but so as still to leave a fringe of small curls in front2 her hair braided and knotted behind is entwined with a string of pearls1 while a portion of her tresses from behind falls in abundant ringlets about her neck and shoulders4 ,she wears a large plain pearl necklace2 with single pearl-drops as ear-rings4 ,her dress is low-bodied1 of white satin1 with the usual long tight stomacher1 full short sleeves and large white vandyked frills or cuffs2 on her arms1 near each elbow1 are single strings of pearls1 like bracelets4 ,over her shoulders is thrown a light narrow fur tippet with long ends terminating backwards in short tails4 ,the artist has represented her looking slightly aside as she might appear crossing her drawing-room1 in the highly graceful and becoming style which ,vandyck always so happily selected for the subjects of his magic pencil4 ,this may have been the period to which his ,lordship later in life fondly looked back as his 8golden days40 ,he was1 however1 doomed to suffer his first great bereavement in the decease of his young wife at ,worcester ,house in the ,strand1 on ,sunday the #cast of ,may1 #afce4 ,she was buried at ,st4 ,cadocus1 the parish church of ,raglan1 within the family vault beneath the ,beaufort ,chapel4 ,he was thus left a widower with the charge of his son and heir not above six years of age1 and two daughters4 ,a singular error1 as to the date1 occurring in all genealogies and biographical accounts that mention the decease of ,lady ,herbert1 renders it the more important to refer to the following certificate obtained from the ,heralds' ,office3-- 8,the right honourable ,lady the ,lady ,elizabeth1 late wife of the right honourable ,edward ,somerset ,lord ,herbert1 son and heir to the right honourable ,henry ,earl of ,worcester1 and daughter of ,sir ,william ,dormer1 ,knight1 eldest son of ,robert ,lord ,dormer1 of ,wing1 7which ,sir ,william died in the lifetime of his father7 and sister to the now ,earl of ,carnarvon1 departed this mortal life at ,worcester ,house in the ,strand1 near ,london1 on ,sunday the last of ,may1 #afce1 leaving issue1 ,mr4 ,henry ,somerset1 only son1 about six years of age1 ,mrs4 ,anne eldest and ,mrs4 ,elizabeth youngest daughter4 ,her body was honourably conveyed to ,ragland1 in the ,county of ,monmouth in ,wales1 there to be interred4 ,this ,certificate was taken by ,george ,owen ,yorke1 herald1 the #ast day of ,june1 #afce1 to be registered in the ,office of ,arms1 and testified by the right honourable ,lord1 8,,edward ,,herbert40 ,among the family papers is a letter bearing date this year1 alluding to ,lord ,herbert1 but addressed by ,secretary ,coke to his ,lordship's father3-- 8,,right ,,honourable1 8,upon a letter received from your noble son1 the ,lord ,herbert1 whereby he signifieth1 that the ,deputation is now come from the ,lord ,president of ,wales1 ,i have according to his ,lordship's desire represented his thankfulness to his ,majesty1 and have order from his ,majesty to signify to your ,lordship that it is not only in this particular case2 ,but hereafter also he will be graciously mindful of your good service done heretofore1 in the ,lieutenancies of ,glamorgan and ,monmouth1 and your willing resigning of them4 ,and he hath also commanded me to tell the ,earl of ,bridgewater1 that he shall proceed therein with your ,lordship in the same manner the ,earl of ,northampton his predecessor did1 and not otherwise3 which accordingly ,i have signified to his ,lordship4 ,and thus having imparted to your ,lordship both his ,majesty's gracious favour towards yourself and your son1 who in this business hath performed as much respect and duty as can be expected from a worthy son1 ,i humbly take leave and so remain1 8,your ,lordship's humble servant1 8,,john ,,coke4 8,whitehall1 ,december #crd4 #afce4 ,to the right honourable ,,the ,,earl ,,of ,,worcester1 c40 ,it is not at all unlikely that after the funeral his ,lordship returned to ,worcester ,house4 ,london would afford him many advantages for the gratification of his scientific pursuits1 not to be obtained in the country4 ,it appears1 indeed1 pretty evident that about this period he set up in the ,tower his large wheel for exhibiting self-motive power1 which the learned assume to be a mechanical fallacy1 but which no one has yet proved to general comprehension to be an impossibility4 ,in a scientific point of view1 but particularly in connection with the life of this remarkable man1 a subject of this nature cannot be lightly passed over4 ,it affects his reputation more than appears on the surface1 as we shall show in the course of our observations4 ,it was a machine1 consisting of a wheel fourteen feet in diameter1 carrying forty weights of fifty pounds each1,i and is supposed to have rotated on an axle1 supported on two pillars or upright frames4 ,his ,lordship has been very precise in describing all the circumstances under which it was shown4 ,there were present ,charles the ,first1 accompanied by two extraordinary ,ambassadors1 the ,duke of ,richmond1 the ,duke of ,hamilton1 with most of the ,court2 and ,sir ,william ,balfour was at the time ,lord ,lieutenant of the ,tower4 ,now the latter circumstance would fix the date as not being later than #afda1 while other facts make it reasonable to suppose the experiment took place at least two or three years earlier4 ,up to #afch ,charles the ,first had reigned for ten years in comparative peace and leisure4 ,may it not have been during this lull in the portending storm of public discontent that royalty deigned to inspect a singular piece of mechanism1 supposed to move of itself without any aid from external agency8 ,in #afdb1 ,sir ,john ,byron was made ,lord ,lieutenant of the ,tower2 and ,sir ,william ,balfour,j was in command of the ,parliamentary forces at ,edge-hill4 ,this wheel experiment may have been made in #afch-i1 prior to the decease of his lady1 and during the most peaceable portion of his ,majesty's reign2 and indeed while his ,lordship's own domestic affairs were wearing their most cheerful and agreeable aspect4 ,his ,lordship has been charged with dealing in paradoxes1 and none greater than the one under consideration need be sought for4 ,it relates to a problem which for #bjjj years has not only perplexed mathematicians1 but likewise been a stumbling-block to many ingenious mechanicians during at least five centuries4 ,what mathematicians fail to prove and what mechanicians fail to produce1 every modern philosopher demands shall be stamped as an impossibility1 as absurd as it is impossible4 ,now the dilemma is1 ,how has the author of the 8,century of ,inventions0 fallen into the common1 vulgar error of believing in the possibility of perpetual motion2 and not only so1 but publicly exhibiting a machine pretending to that character8 ,we are not disposed to question either his talent1 or his veracity1 hence the difficulty of offering any simple1 direct1 satisfactory reply to what otherwise appears to be an easily answered interrogative4 ,eminent writers of the seventeenth and previous centuries maintained that perpetual motion was possible4 ,dr4 ,dee1 in his very curious preface to the first translation of ,euclid into ,english1 wrote favourably on this very topic2 so that1 however the modern scientific sceptic may blame his ,lordship for want of skill1 or1 worse1 of veracity1 his opinion was quite in accordance with the estimation in which the subject was viewed in his day4 ,but he goes a step farther1 he speaks of a practical result4 ,hence he leaves us no alternative but to declare that he propounds either a truth or a falsehood2 and if false that he was either himself mistaken1 or deceived by others4 ,but either way it is difficult to arrive at a thoroughly satisfactory conclusion1 even as to what his ,lordship actually intended and performed in this instance1 owing to the usual vagueness of his own statements4 ,at #ch years of age ,lord ,herbert had enjoyed seven years of matrimonial felicity1 and had been during four years a widower4 ,in #afci1 his son ,henry would be #aj years old1 his two daughters much younger1 so that as well for their education as for the gratification of his own scientific investigations1 he may have continued for some time to reside at ,worcester ,house3 the ,strand and all that neighbourhood being then in the occupancy of families of title1 wealth and high position4 ,during his father's lifetime1 the resident housekeeper was ,james ,redman1 ,esquire1 as we learn from the list of his household4 ,the private studies and pursuits in which ,lord ,herbert was indefatigably engaged1 must have occupied his attention from an innate love of physical science4 ,the society in which he moved had no tendency that way1 while the times in which he lived were far from affording any encouragement for such investigations as those in which he was principally engaged4 ,the metropolis in his day was without coaches until #afbe1 when they were first used by the gentry1 and ten years later hackney coaches were considered to have arrived at such a dangerous increase that their plying was restrained by law2 and ,london streets were either so bad1 or the treasury so low1 that penalties were levied on all heavy vehicles passing over the highways4 ,it is characteristic of the state of our laws at that period1 that ,dr4 ,leighton was for his writings sentenced to barbarous mutilations1 as also happened in #afcc to the unfortunate learned ,mr4 ,prynne1 and four years later to ,john ,lilburn4 ,the pillory1 whipping culprits through the streets1 cropping ears and other mutilations and barbarities were ordinary punishments1 and in #afcf the plague was raging throughout the metropolis and its suburbs1 with all its accustomed terrors4 ,but not in this view alone do we see little to inspirit him in the ardent pursuit of mechanical employments1 another and more serious obstacle arose from his belonging1 like his father and ancestors1 to the ,roman ,catholic faith4 ,the laws against ,papists were inconsistently stringent in ,england on religious grounds2 and strange to say1 in imperial ,rome1 the very seat of the papacy1 absurdly severe denunciations were pronounced against even the free discussion of scientific subjects4 ,on the memorable #bbnd of ,june1 #afcc1 ,galileo1 prosecuted by the ,inquisition at ,rome1 was compelled to abjure his astronomical theories and discoveries as heretical6 ,the inquiry with its results must have deeply interested ,lord ,herbert2 but what could he hope to gain even from his own party1 as the inventor of a 8semi-omnipotent engine80 ,thus situated he was surrounded by circumstances nowise calculated to stimulate his mental activity in the peculiar occupations that employed his leisure and his fortune2 but the fact offers an invaluable proof of the intense satisfaction an inquiring mind always experiences in the realization of its mental speculations4 ,there is every reason to believe that his studies were completed1 his tastes fixed1 his experiments pretty well matured at this period1 and that it was1 therefore1 the occasion of stamping his future character4 ,he was then terminating his 8golden days10 to enter upon a very different career4 ,while1 therefore1 most anxious to avoid every appearance of substituting fictions for facts1 we feel impelled to indulge in an attempt to account for his long serious devotion to employments so apparently foreign to either his education1 his station in life1 or the necessities of the times2 while1 indeed1 on the other hand1 all operated against him1 owing to the darkness1 ignorance1 persecution and prevailing prejudices of the age4 ,it appears from his published work that ,lord ,herbert was better versed in mathematical than in classical literature4 ,his mental activity may have been promoted by physical causes1 assuming that from delicacy of constitution he may have been thereby disposed to those studious habits1 to which he was ever after so much attached2 the ,vandyck portrait of him in his youth would indicate that he was not constituted for undergoing much severity of exercise in the fatiguing sports and pastimes then in vogue4 ,in #afci1 his confidential workman1 ,caspar ,kaltoff1 would have expended eleven years in constructing models and machines to establish the practicability of the many novel schemes which his ,lordship had1 up to that time1 developed4 ,meanwhile1 his own reading was no doubt pursued with vigour1 and we cannot believe him to have been unpossessed of the celebrated authorities among ,english and foreign writers4 ,he must have studied with interest ,ramelli's very elaborate volume1 #aehh1 on machines1 illustrated with one hundred and ninety-five large1 finely executed copper-plate engravings2 the popular ,spiritalia of ,hero of ,alexandria2 with even1 perhaps1 the works of the engineer and architect ,solomon ,de ,caus1 published in #afae2 together with the labours of many kindred writers4 ,judging1 however1 from internal evidence1 there was one1 among many ,english authors1 whose work especially gratified his taste1 the 8,mysteries of ,nature and ,art10 by ,john ,bate1 which went through two editions1 dating #afcd and #afce1 containing a 8,booke of ,water-workes10 treating of 8evaporating water1 and rarifying ayre40 ,the peculiarity of such studies was sufficient to separate him from the fashionable society of ,courts1 and the too frequently frivolous society attendant even at ,raglan ,castle4 ,if he then made few enemies1 his conversation and pursuits were little calculated to enlarge his social acquaintance1 and may even have early inspired a belief in his possessing equal eccentricity and enthusiasm4 ,his memory1 however1 cannot fail to be cherished by posterity as the illustrious possessor of a highly cultivated intellect1 displaying a singularly powerful1 original1 protean inventive genius4 ,footnotes ,illustration3 ,h4 ,herbert 7autograph7 ,henry1 #ast ,marquis of ,worcester ,a ,the annexed specimen of his ,lordship's autograph1 during his father's lifetime1 is from a ,,ms4 certificate in the ,british ,museum dated #bast ,may1 #afjd4 ,b ,calendar of ,state ,papers1 ,domestic1 #afjc-afaj4 ,edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green4 #hvo4 #aheg1 page #ebi4 #aji ,an4 ,wood4 ,vol4 #c1 pp4 #aii-bjd4 ,illustration3 ,e4 ,worcester 7autograph7 ,edward1 #dth ,earl of ,worcester ,c ,bodleian ,library1 8,carte ,papers--,earl of ,huntingdon's ,papers1 ,temp4 ,eliz4 ,car4 ,,ii4 #gg40 ,no #abj4 ,the annexed engraving is a facsimile of his autograph to the letter in question4 #e ,atkyns4 ,d ,henry1 ,duke of ,beaufort1 died in #afii1 at #gj years of age1 so that he must have been born in #afbi4 ,e ,dedication to the 8,century40 ,f ,ibid4 ,g 8,the ,century10 articles ,nos4 #ba and #bf4 ,h ,the 8,century10 ,dedication4 ,i ,the 8,century10 ,article ,no4 #ef4 ,j ,it is not certain how long ,sir ,william ,balfour was ,lord ,lieutenant of the ,tower prior to #afda4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,edward1 ,,lord ,,herbert',s ,,second ,,marriage4 ,in #afci ,lord ,herbert entered a second time into the matrimonial state1 a prudential step as he was then situated1 at the age of #ch1 having a young family without any sufficient guardian4 ,he married the ,lady ,margaret1 second daughter and co-heir of ,henry ,o',brien1 ,earl of ,thomond2 by which alliance he obtained some possessions1 as well as a connexion with many of the best and most powerful families in ,ireland4 ,of this1 as of his first marriage1 no particulars have been preserved1 not even their date1 or where celebrated2 yet considering that both occurred during his father's lifetime and greatest prosperity1 we can readily believe that they were accompanied with all the usual demonstrations of joy1 ceremony and feasting4 ,they had but one daughter1 ,mary1 who died during her infancy4 ,in a family group1 painted by ,hanneman1 a close imitator of ,vandyck1 ,lord ,herbert is represented as a ,roman general1 seated by his lady attired in a modern costume of pale blue satin1 with their child standing before her in a reclining position4 ,he has a very aged appearance1 although one might presume that the portrait was executed when he was under forty-five4 ,it is a very thinly and sketchily painted performance4 ,his ,lordship presents a singular appearance in a toga and tight fitting hose of deep scarlet1 an ornamented leathern jerkin1 and wearing a wig streaming over his breast and shoulders1 sitting in a chair with his right hand resting on a walking stick1 while his left hangs negligently over the arm of the chair in proximity with a mighty sheathed sword4 ,his lady in ample folds of silk1 with the usual long1 tightly fitting1 jewelled stomacher1 has her hair in a fringe of small curls over her forehead1 combed closely back1 where it terminates in a knot from which a few ringlets flow behind2 she wears also pearl ear-drops and a pearl necklace1 which ornaments are repeated on her child4 ,the same year1 on the #hth of ,april1 he lost his mother1 ,anne1 ,countess of ,worcester1 who was buried at ,raglan4 ,it is possible1 therefore1 that his marriage was deferred during her illness1 and not celebrated until some months after her decease4 ,it was then the #aeth year of ,charles the ,first's reign4 ,before the close of the year following1 the ,long ,parliament commenced its sittings1 when ,lenthall was chosen ,speaker4 ,all projectors and monopolists were denounced as incapable of holding office1 several members1 therefore1 withdrew1 whose places were speedily supplied4 ,what must have been his ,lordship's impressions under the existing aspect of political affairs may easily be conceived1 while as yet 8,royalist0 and 8,roundhead0 could scarcely be called popular terms of party distinction4 ,in #afda1 that martyr of science1 ,galileo1 died1 whose case so far assimilated with the ,marquis's own1 that they were of the same religious persuasion3 the one proscribed at home for the peculiar heretical turn his genius had taken1 the other under the ban of suspicion for his papistical persuasion and supposed consequent prejudices4 ,we now enter on the most critical era in the history of this great and good man4 ,he was then residing in ,london1 where he continued for some length of time1 with the politic motive of avoiding as much as possible the suspicion of ,parliament2 for through his father's liberality he had already commenced supplying ,charles the ,first with heavy loans4 ,in the collection of manuscripts at ,badminton1 is an unpublished letter from ,charles the ,first1 dated #crd of ,august1 #afda1 and also copies1 in an ancient and probably contemporary hand1 of letters1 the originals of which1 according to ,birch1 form part of the ,harleian collection4,a ,in the first of these1 dated #gth of ,december1 #afda1--;,charles the ,first requires ,lord ,herbert to repair to ,whitehall1 8not only for his own particular use1 but likewise for the good of the kingdom10 so early had his ,majesty taken him into his confidence and council4 ,he had then not long returned from ,scotland1 and soon after he retreated to ,hampton ,court4 ,he writes3-- 8,,charles ,r4 8,right trusty and right well-beloved ,cousin1 ,we greet you well1--whereas ,we have heretofore by many letters and messages signed by us1 given you testimony of ,our favour and inclination to reward the good service of you and yours3 ,these are further to assure you1 that neither the times nor business shall ever make us unmindful of them3 ,yet upon occasions when ,our good intentions therein may be really manifested1 ,we desire to be put in mind that we may readily concur to a speedy performance1 of which you may be ever most confident4 ,and being seeing8 your indisposition of body is such1 that before ,our intended journey ,we cannot signify the same to yourself in person1 ,we have thought good to express it by these our ,letters1 ,given at our ,palace of ,westminster1 #c day of ,august1 ,in the seventeenth year of ,our ,reign and #afda40 ,endorsed in an old handwriting1 #afda4 8,to ,our ,right trusty and right well beloved ,cousin1 ,,henry ,,earl ,,of ,,worcester40 ,next comes the following3-- 8,,herbert1 8,yours of the #ast of ,december has given me a just reason for your absence but certainly ,i have juster cause for your attendance1 for it is well known how that you are to give me account of matters not only for my particular use1 but likewise for the good of the kingdom2 wherefore ,i require your repair hither with all convenient diligence2 ,and the rather that you may find out the authors of these lying and scandalous ,pamphlets concerning your father and you1 touching which ,i not only promise you protection to your innocency but justice against those offenders1 assuring you likewise that ,i shall be so mindful of you that1 if ,i live1 you shall neither be a loser in1 nor repent you for the services you have done me4 ,and so ,i rest 8,your assured friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,whitehall1 the #gth ,december1 #afda4ac 8,i send you herein the paper that ,i could not find when you were with me40 ,in his journey towards the north1 his ,majesty1 on arriving at ,royston1 wrote to ,lord ,herbert as follows3-- 8,,herbert1 8,your services are expressed to me in so noble a way that ,i cannot but acknowledge to you under my own hand1 and that ,i should think myself very unhappy1 if ,i did not live by real testimonies to express my gratitude to you4 ,and for your sister1 ,carnarvon1 though ,i cannot punctually answer your expectation therein1 yet ,i hope you will be satisfied with the answer you will receive by your cousin ,sir ,john ,byron1 to whom1 referring myself for many things ,i have not time to write4 ,i rest1 8,your most assured constant friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,royston1 #f ,march1 #afda-b40 ,and again he addressed him a few lines1 shortly before being refused admittance to ,hull3-- 8,,herbert1 8,i entrusted your cousin ,byron with the particular answers to your letter1 reserving only to myself to answer you1 that ,i esteem your services such as my words cannot express them2 but by showing myself at all occasions to be 8,your most assured constant friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,york1 #i ,may1 #afdb40 ,we have here the earliest communications on record between these two remarkable individuals1 whose personal histories have alike perplexed all political1 polemical1 and philosophical writers4 ,before setting out for ,scotland1 the ,king appears to have desired a personal interview with his ,lordship1 who seems to have been prevented from complying by some severe indisposition in ,july1 #afda2 his ,majesty1 therefore1 conveys to him in writing1 his 8favour and inclination to reward the good service of you and yours40 ,his ,lordship's father had already made to the needy monarch some of those munificent advances1 which1 as long as he could obtain them1 he was in the habit of repaying with ample promises and abundant flattery4 ,in his second letter1 he alludes to 8lying and scandalous pamphlets concerning0 his ,lordship's father1 but what these may have been has not transpired2 they may only have referred to him as connected with the ,roman ,catholic party4 ,in another letter he expresses his 8gratitude0 for his ,lordship's noble expression of services2 and alludes to his sister ,carnarvon4 ,and in the last of these letters1 he flatteringly informs his ,lordship1 that1--8,i esteem your services such as my words cannot express them20 yet by words alone were they ever1 as then1 expressed1 only to be as conveniently repudiated4 ,up to forty years of age1 ,lord ,herbert had lived as became a gentleman of ancient nobility1 great expectations1 and in the enjoyment of the most friendly intercourse with his sovereign4 ,well educated1 travelled1 accustomed to courtly life1 devoted to learned studies and given to scientific pursuits1 he has been hitherto only presented to us1 in his domestic relations1 as a dutiful son1 a husband and father1 having few engagements to withdraw him from the management of his estates1 or distract him from the enjoyment of country sports and social intercourse4 ,during this period1 he had probably nothing more serious on hand than an occasional change of residence1 as he passed some portions of the year at ,raglan ,castle1 and occupied at others the ample accommodations of ,worcester ,house4 ,in a statement,b he wrote long after1 he incidentally remarks3--8,i was not privy1 or present with his ,majesty at ,greenwich #bfth ,february1 #afda when he first took his resolution for the ,north1 and removed1 without the ,queen1 to ,theobalds2 from which he was pleased to write me a lamentable letter by the hands of ,sir ,john ,byron1 averring that he had but #fjj1 and #cjj of which was given to defray his horses1 which the ,marquis of ,hamilton1 then ,master of the ,horse1 refused to do1 fearing to displease the ,parliament40 ,for awhile he was necessitated to act with consummate caution to conceal his true political bias from the ,parliamentary party4 ,but the drama of his life has now to change2 his 8golden days0 are gone1 and hereafter we view him only in evil times1 times so distracted and turbulent1 that the materials they afford us of his future life1 are but like the fragments of a terrible wreck4 ,footnotes ,a ,inquiry1 #agef1 page #cdi4 #ac ,birch1 gives the date 8#aath of ,december1 #afda40 p #cef4 ,b ,see ,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,henry1 ,,earl ,,of ,,worcester4--,,created ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester4 --,,raglan ,,castle4 ,the general aspect of public affairs in #afda1 foreshadowed the coming storm4 ,charles the ,first had departed from ,whitehall2 civil war raged through the length and breadth of the land1 terminating in fearful consequences to the monarch and all his wealthiest loyal supporters4 ,on the #bnd of ,november1 #afdb1hh ,henry was created ,marquis of ,worcester1 being the first of his family raised to that dignity4 ,he would then be #fe years of age1 but does not appear to have enjoyed uniform good health2 he was corpulent in body1 possessed a vigorous intellect1 and was remarkable for his flow of humour4 ,it is recorded of him1 but without reference to any authority for the statement1#d that he was singular for the custom of wearing a coat of frieze1 a coarse narrow cloth much in use2 the term being applied to garments having long wool1 then said to be friezed4 ,sanderson speaks of him as a plain man1 especially in his apparel4 ,his great wealth enabled him to afford ,charles the ,first early important pecuniary assistance1 which1 together with his great loyalty1 although a papist1 secured him all that esteem and favour1 which the peculiar mental constitution of his royal master1 alone best knew how to turn to the largest possible amount of personal profit1 without being absolutely necessitated to make any adequate return other than his word and honour4 ,if the materials for the personal character of ,charles the ,first had to be drawn solely from his treatment of the first two ,marquisses of ,worcester--the veteran ,lord of ,raglan ,castle1 and his enthusiastic valorous son1 the ,lord ,herbert1 sufficient evidence would be found to establish that monarch's perfidious nature1 and the utter worthlessness of his plighted word and most solemn protestations4 ,the ,parliament took early notice of the proceedings of both the ,earl of ,worcester and his son ,lord ,herbert4 ,the ,journals of the ,house of ,commons,a inform us that on the #bith of ,january1 #afdj-da3-- 8,die ,veneris1 #bi ,jan41 #afdj4 8,mr4 ,treasurer acquaints this ,house1 that his ,majesty's pleasure is1 that this ,house do attend his ,majesty this afternoon1 at two of the clock1 in the ,banqueting ,house1 and that he had intimated his pleasure likewise to the ,lords to attend him at the same time4 8,ordered1 ,that the consideration of the commission granted to the ,earl of ,worcester1 and his eldest son the ,lord ,herbert1 and the sub-commissions by them granted to others1 for the levying of forces in several ,counties of ,england and ,wales1 and all the circumstances depending thereupon1 be referred to the ,committee appointed to draw up the charge against the ,earl of ,stratford1 c40 ,and on the #aath of ,february following1 that3-- 8,die ,jovis1 #aa ,feb #afdj4 8,mr4 ,reignolds reports from the ,committee of the ,earl of ,worcester1 the substance of that business4 99 99 99 99 99 99 7thus printed in ,journal47 8,and then it was resolved1 upon the question1 ,that the particulars reported by ,sir ,w4 ,erle1 ,sir ,jo4 ,clotworthy1 and ,mr4 ,reignolds1 shall be the heads of the ,conference to be desired with the ,lords1 concerning the disbanding of the new-levied ,irish ,army1 and disarming of the ,popish ,recusants here in ,england40 ,later we find a guard set on his residence in ,london4,b 8,die ,martis1 #af ,nov4 #afda4 8,mr4 ,wittacre1 ,sir ,john ,francklin1 ,sir ,john ,hippisley1 ,mr4 ,wheler1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,long1 are appointed to go immediately1 and take order to set a good guard upon the house of the ,earl of ,worcester2 and to search for persons suspected of high treason4 8,they are to take like care for setting a guard upon1 and searching 99 99 992 and likewise upon such other houses1 as they shall be informed2 and that they have power to search all such houses at such times as they shall think fit4 8444 ,to acquaint their ,lordships1 what this ,house has done for the searching1 and setting a guard upon1 the ,earl of ,worcester's house1 and upon what grounds40 ,on the #eth of ,january1 #afdb1 his ,majesty addressed the following letter to the ,marquis1 in which he says-- 8,the large expressions which you and your son have made unto us of your forwardness to a service1 shall never be forgotten40 8,,charles ,r4 8,right trusty and right entirely beloved ,cousin1 ,we greet you well4 ,your son1 the ,lord ,herbert1 hath excused your not writing unto us2 but where we find so much royalty1 there needs not ceremony1 and your last performance of our desires hath crowned the rest4 ,and we would have you confident that the mentioning of leaving few forces at ,raglan1 was not out of any diminution of our care of you1 or meant to lessen any provision fitting thereto3 ,for we well understand that there were never any of the forces raised in the county1 applied thereunto more than a private company under servants of your own4 ,but the ,ward of ,raglan was given as a general ward attributive to the country1 as that time we understood it4 ,the large expressions which you and your said son have made unto us of your forwardness to a service1 shall never be forgotten4 ,he now commands in chief in the absence of the ,lord ,marquis of ,hertford1 and besides his dutifulness unto you1 our command is1 that his power and yours shall be the same1 as your hearts are to our service4 ,the acceptance whereof we shall not fail to make appear on all occasions1 whereof you may rest assured4 ,given under and signed at our ,court at ,oxford1 the #eth day of ,january1 in the eighteenth year of our reign1 #afdb4;,c 8,to ,our ,right trusty and right entirely beloved ,cousin1 ,,henry1 ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester40 ,the earliest direct intimation we have of money passing from the ,marquis to the ,king occurs in two letters from ,sir ,john ,byron4 ,in his first communication he says3-- 8,,my ,,lord1 8,the ,king is so oppressed with a multitude of business that he has commanded me to write unto your ,lordship this inclosed letter1 not having leisure himself to write more than a short postscript to give credit to what ,i have written4 ,i had thought to have sent some of my own servants to convey the money hither1 but ,mr4 ,griffin tells me your ,lordship would rather send it by him and some other1 whom you should think fit to trust1 and then it may be brought so privately to ,newstead1 where ,i shall be ready to receive it1 that none but such as your ,lordship trusteth need to know of it4 ,i humbly desire your ,lordship it may be sent with all possible speed1 because his ,majesty hath allotted it for a service that must immediately be gone in hand with all speed4 ,i shall not need to trouble your ,lordship any farther1 and therefore humbly kissing your hands1 rest ever1 8,your ,lordship's most humble ,servant1 8,,john ,,byron4,d 8,york1 ,july #h1 #afdb4 8,to the ,,earl ,,of ,,worcester40 ,on the #bdth of the same month ,sir ,john ,byron,e wrote a second letter as follows3-- 8,,my ,,most ,,honoured ,,lord1 8,your ,lordship hath honoured me with a title which ,i value above any other that can be given me1 and of which ,i shall ever endeavour to make myself worthy by all real expressions of faithful and humble service4 ,it was my misfortune to be from home when ,sir ,john ,somerset came1 and though ,i acquainted his ,majesty therewith 7upon whom ,i then attended71 yet he would not permit me to go to him for a day or two1 having some other service to employ me in by reason of his journey to ,leicester1 where it was thought he would have had some opposition2 but upon his ,majesty's approach1 his enemies fled1 ,hazelrick1,f the chief of them1 was said to be lurking hereabouts1 whereupon the ,king commanded me and some other gentlemen1 to go out and see if we could apprehend him2 but1 though we used the best diligence we could1 riding both day and night1 yet we came short of him4 8,this is the cause of the delay in returning your ,lordship an answer1 for which ,i hope your ,lordship will pardon me2 and now1 since ,sir ,john ,somerset is come hither1 having left the #ejjj your ,lordship sent at ,newstead1 my house1 his ,majesty hath commanded me to make use of it for the levying of #ejj horse1 and withal1 in his name1 to return your ,lordship all possible thanks for your seasonable assistance both now and heretofore1 and that he hopes he shall not die in your debt4 ,these are his own words1 and desires to be excused for not writing himself1 by reason of the little leisure he hath2 for my own particular1 ,i humbly beseech your ,lordship to believe that1 as there lives not any body more deeply engaged for real and noble favours to your ,lordship than myself1 so no man can be more sensible of them1 or more ready upon all occasions to express myself1 my ,lord1 8,your ,lordship's most humble 8and faithful servant1 8,,john ,,byron4 8,leicester ,abbey1 this ,sunday1 being the #bdth of ,july1 #afdb40 ,still later1 and the ,house of ,commons directs its attention to the disarming of the ,earl1 and the requiring of his son's attendance4,g 8,die ,sabbati1 #bj ,augusti1 #afdb4 ,post meridiem4 8,message from the ,lords by ,sir ,robt4 ,riche and ,mr4 ,page2 8,that the ,lords had sent them with ,three ,orders3 #a4 ,for the disarming of the ,earl of ,worcester1 and all ,papists2 wherein they desire the concurrence of this ,house1 c4 c4 8,answer returned by the same messenger 7as to two of the ,orders72 ,and as to that of disarming the ,earl of ,worcester1 will send an answer by messengers of their own40 ,and again on the following month3-- 8,die ,martis1 #c ,septembris1 #afdb4 8,that ,mr4 ,speaker shall write his letter to the ,lord ,herbert1 son of the ,earl of ,worcester1 to appear here1 and attend the ,house4 8,mr4 ,glyn to prepare this letter4 8,that the ,lords be moved to send for the ,earl of ,worcester1 to attend the ,parliament40 ,in ,august1 #afdb1 had commenced that series of national disasters1 which divided shires and even families into either ,cavaliers or ,roundheads--,royalists or ,parliamentarians--,protestants or ,puritans1 in short1 ,tories or ,whigs4 ,it was then1 or perhaps somewhat earlier1 previous to his elevation1 that the ,earl of ,worcester garrisoned ,raglan ,castle1 strengthening his position by the raising of extensive earthworks on its most approachable side1 and maintained there #hjj men entirely at his own expense4 ,in ,september1 #afdb1 ,lord ,herbert was in personal communication with his ,majesty at ,nottingham4 ,he was then1 although #da years of age1 a man singularly inexperienced in the ways either of commerce or of courts4 ,his studies1 pursuits1 domestic habits1 were not calculated to foster that spirit of intrigue which a deep designing mind alone knows best how to conjure up and apply with consummate art1 and the exercise of which base quality his position would seem to have frequently demanded4 ,we have now to peruse a minute report1 drawn up by ,lord ,herbert1 of what passed between himself and the ,king in regard to a further loan4,h ,the cunning and artfulness of the royal negotiator is mirrored forth in this affair in most unmistakeable characters4 ,but the whole document is a striking example of the arts by which ,charles the ,first could practise on his unsuspecting victims4 ,it is an engrossed copy--not signed--but has been endorsed on the back1 8,lord ,herbert's ,message from the ,king to be delivered to his father from ,nottingham1 ,sept4 #ith1 #afdb10 and runs as follows3-- 8,the effect of the message your ,majesty desireth ,i should deliver to my father for your ,majesty at ,nottingham1 the #ith of ,september1 #afdb4 8,that your ,majesty with many thanks expresseth yourself most sensible of the great expense and charge his ,lordship hath been at for your service1 far more than any man else1 considering what ,i have had as well as ,sir ,john ,byron's expenses1 that it is most true at this time1 much lieth at stake both of your ,majesty's honour and power for want of a little money1 since #bj1jjj1 with what you have1 would further your ,majesty's designs to a most hopeful condition2 for want whereof1 your ,majesty is enforced to dally 7though you will never yield71 and at this present you offer that which is worth #ajj1jjj for #ej1jjj1 besides my ,lord ,capell1 ,sir ,william ,savill and others of good estates do offer also theirs for security2--yet no want nor occasion can make your ,majesty to press my ,lord1 who hath already done so much1 but if he and his friends could procure #aj1jjj1 your ,majesty would suddenly 7if it please ,god to restore you7 see it repaid1 and would presently in token of thankfulness send my father the ,garter1 to be put on when he pleased1 and also having the ,great ,seal in your ,majesty's own custody you would pass a patent of ,marquis of what title my father should desire1 and keep it private as long as he thought fitting2 and to show that this proposition is far from urging him to his inconvenience1 and so much doth your ,majesty acknowledge yourself already beholding to him1 as that even without procuring his ,majesty this unspeakable advantage1 your ,majesty is graciously pleased that if he desire either or both these1 your ,majesty1 at my return unto you1 will vouchsafe them2 but if this could be possibly performed1 then the ,crown1 which hitherto your ,majesty confesseth to stay upon your head by his assistance1 will be then confirmed by him1 and your ,majesty2 and your ,majesty esteemeth so much of his understanding1 as well as passionate zeal to your service1 that if he will send your ,majesty his advice 7upon the relation of the state of business which your ,majesty hath commanded me to make unto him7 your ,majesty will as soon follow it as any man's1 and the power you give1 or intend to give me is1 as ,i am subordinate1 and most dutiful unto him to whom your ,majesty esteemeth it to be given when it is to me2 and your ,majesty doth not only faithfully promise on the word of a ,king but of a ,christian1 that you will punctually perform your engagements advantageously to him and his1 and never forsake either1 whilst you breathe1 joining his safety with your own1 which is1 and ever shall be your ,majesty's resolution40 ,we have here a summary of the interview between ,charles the ,first and ,lord ,herbert at ,nottingham4 ,the ,king was no doubt very gloomy1 and the discourse between them most serious4 ,there was on all occasions an imperturbable dignity of manner about his ,majesty1 although his personal appearance operated against him1 his visage being long1 with a narrow forehead1 large nose1 grey eyes1 thick lips1 and peaked beard4 ,he stammered1 too1 in his speech1 being also somewhat impetuous and hurried amidst all the apparent coolness and calmness of his conduct and conversation4 ,lord ,herbert1 on the contrary1 in the very prime of life1 was a man of cheerful aspect1 with small dark full eyes1 and smooth1 oval1 delicately formed features4 ,both wore the flowing locks in fashion1 the one in ample curls1 the other in plain long wavy hair4 ,the ,marquis fastidiously observed all courtly etiquette2 without the accomplishment of fluency in speech1 his conversation would be deferential1 simple1 without any show of boldness other than what conscious integrity of purpose might naturally inspire2 unaffected1 direct1 and straightforward2 displaying much suavity without any taint of selfishness1 and profound zeal without the slightest hypocrisy4 ,we almost see and hear again the wily financier1 7such is the freshness of the reported conversation7 while the meek1 unsophisticated ,lord ,herbert is scrupulously noting each suggestion as it is dictated by his suppliant royal master1 anxious to give in their integrity the identical honeyed phrases the ,sovereign employs in depicting his obligations1 his necessities1 his securities1 with the readiest means for extricating the royal cause and assuredly giving stability to the already tottering crown4 ,his ,majesty is gracious to an extreme2 he will in very 8thankfulness send the ,earl the ,garter10 and having 8the ,great ,seal0 in his 8own custody10 he offers to 8pass a patent of what title the ,earl should desire20 nay1 should he desire unconditionally to have either or both 8his ,majesty will vouchsafe them40 ,it was by such unworthy arts in diplomacy that ,charles the ,first drew the loyal1 warm-hearted1 sincerely attached ,lord ,herbert into his toils1 inducing him by unremitting flattery1 artfully simulated condescension1 and consummate sophistry to become instrumental in the ruin of both himself and his father4 ,there is not the slightest ground to suppose that from the first to the last advance of money made by this family to the ,king1 a single offer in the first instance came direct from either the ,earl or his son2 but there are abundant proofs that his ,majesty held out from time to time every possible inducement he could conceive to sap the wealth of the too-confiding ,earl of ,worcester4 ,transparent as the craftiness of the present transaction must appear to the reader1 it was not so obvious to the peer whom it interested1 for he having once made his election to support the royal cause magnanimously proceeded as he had begun1 until he exceeded even the bounds of common prudence4 ,it will be requisite1 as we progress1 to notice many particulars which might at first appear irrelevant1 as relating more considerably to the father than to the son2 but it is important to bear in mind1 that ,lord ,herbert becomes intimately associated with events then apparently only concerning his father1 but which really are those most seriously affecting that turn in events which colour all his future history1 whether as regards his early military career or his later cheerless destiny4 ,raglan ,castle was then in its glory2 it was often gay with numerous noble visitors4 ,lord ,herbert resided there with his lady1 particularly at that disturbed period2 his father too had a numerous family and household4 ,although rather isolated in position1 it must have been a place possessing considerable internal comfort4 ,the good old ,marquis was constituted to make all around him as happy as circumstances would permit2 with strong religious and moral principles he combined the strictest possible sense of honour1 of a gentlemanly and military bearing1 with a joyous temperament that refused no source of accidental innocent amusement1 turning the very ills of life to sources either of merriment or moral reflection as the case might be3 which1 with his princely means and liberal spirit1 must have largely contributed to the promoting of good feeling and hilarity within the fortress of ,raglan4 ,the ,castle crowns one of the many broad low verdant hills occupying a valley of immense extent in ,monmouthshire4 ,it is at present so embowered in a forest of ancient lofty trees1 as to be all but hid from view within the circuit of a mile radius4 ,there is just one point from which may be seen at the same time towering above the foliage the ,tower of ,gwent or ,citadel on the right1 and the ,closet ,tower on the left4 ,the ,citadel1 which in reality stands outside the ,castle1 as being the loftiest object1 is visible from the village1 the ,warrage1 and other points of view4 ,in its palmy days there were attached to the ,castle an extensive1 well-wooded and highly picturesque home-park1 with a well-stocked red-deer park2 also various gardens1 orchards1 lawns1 pleasure grounds1 and fish-ponds artfully constructed1 affording islands here1 fountains there1 and summer houses where they could be most advantageously placed4 ,thus were the demesnes of ,raglan characteristic of its noble possessor's distinguished position4 ,illustration3 ,distant view of ,raglan ,castle ,,distant ,,view ,,of ,,raglan ,,castle1 ,,monmouthshire4 ,the most ancient portions of the ,castle itself1 were probably raised in the reign of ,henry ,v41 others are of more recent construction1 but not much1 if any of it1 dates later than that of ,elizabeth4 ,its mixed styles of architecture are very obvious4 ,among its later improvements were1 no doubt1 those large windows1 which were better suited for an elegant domestic mansion1 than for a fortress4 ,the grand entrance was secured by its double portcullis1 as likewise by a gate1 leading to the paved or pitched court2 a portcullis also protected the south-eastern entrance1 leading from the fountain court to the pleasaunce or bowling-green1 supposed by some to have originally been the tilt-yard2 both of which entrances were further guarded by draw-bridges4 ,the tower of ,gwent1 citadel1 or keep1 stands before1 and a little removed from the castle1 surrounded with a broad moat1 which it would appear could be crossed by two bridges2 one permanent1 connected with1 and for the special use of the castle1 reaching to the walls of the bastions1 whence communication was kept up by a draw-bridge with the keep itself2 the other a draw-bridge only1 in an opposite direction1 whereby to pass over the moat to the sunk walk1 for ordinary use4 ,the tower is of extraordinary strength1 its form hexagonal1 its walls ten and a half feet thick1 and its summit reached by a stone staircase4 ,the ,castle may be described as presenting two portions1 distinguished by two courts and two fortified arched entrances4 ,the grand entrance between two hexagonal towers leads to the paved court1 with the closet tower or library to the right1 a withdrawing or ball-room over head1 and the banqueting or stately hall to the left1 which last attracts much notice from its size1 nobleness1 and state of preservation4 ,it had a magnificent oak roof lighted by a lantern or cupola window at the top2 at one end is a large stone carving of the arms of the ,beaufort family1 with their celebrated motto1 ,mutare vel timere1 sperno2 at the opposite end rose the minstrels' gallery4 ,one entire side is occupied with an ample fire-place1 having large windows above1 and on the right hand side a magnificent bay window2 the opposite side of this great apartment is a mere lofty blank wall4 ,returning to the court we see the kitchen-tower1 larders1 and other domestic offices4 ,passing to the second1 or ,fountain ,court1 we observe a small chapel1 marked only by its foundation stones4 ,above it1 on the same level and of no greater width1 ran the picture gallery1 which may have been #abf feet long by #ac feet wide4 ,in it were1 among others1 many family portraits1 particularly one of ,charles1 the first ,earl1 and another of ,henry1 the second ,earl of ,worcester4#ic ,the ,marquis's private chamber was probably over the gate2 but here1 the outer walls excepted and the grand staircase1 few remains of the ruin rise above the ground to distinguish their character4 ,the vaults and cellars are numerous1 but not so large as is generally supposed1 although sufficiently capacious4 ,some were undoubtedly used as cells for prisoners1 others for various stores1 while certain vaults are even reputed to have served the purpose of underground stables4 ,the ,fountain ,court1 derives its name from formerly possessing a handsomely carved fountain which stood in its centre1 supposed to have been supplied with water by means of water-works erected by ,lord ,herbert1 in contiguity with the citadel1 and sufficiently near for that purpose1 as already noticed4 ,such then was ,raglan ,castle in the days of its magnificence1 during the life-time of its last munificent lordly resident4 ,but the time had arrived to protect it against the worst consequences of civil war4 ,its paved court afforded ample scope for the drilling of recruits1 and the reviews of the regular soldiery1 when the open ground could not be safely taken4 ,a mill was also erected for the home manufacture of gunpowder1 in which we imagine the combined skill of ,lord ,herbert and ,caspar ,kaltoff was actively exercised4 ,the clang of arms1 the beat of drum1 the constant firing of artillery1 with all the noise1 the show1 and circumstance of war1 soon transformed the once quiet homestead into a most mortifying scene of discomfort1 alarm1 watchfulness1 care1 anxiety and activity4 ,charles1 ,lord ,somerset1 the ,marquis's sixth son1 officiated as governor of the castle4 ,the garrison1 originally amounting to #cjj foot1#ic was considerably augmented to meet the threatening aspect of public affairs4#ij ,warfare1 as at that time conducted1 bore but a slight analogy to modern practice4 ,the bow and cross-bow1 it is true1 were entirely superseded by the use of gunpowder1 but that material was comparatively indifferent1 and the ordnance and arms employed of the clumsiest possible description4 ,great guns weighing from #c tons to half and less that weight were denominated cannon1 demi-cannon1 culvering1 demi-culvering1 saker1 minion1 drake1 c4 ,then for small arms1 they had the musket1 carbine1 arquebuse1 blunderbuss1 pistol1 c4 ,their weapons were chiefly swords and pikes4 ,armour was employed to a considerable extent4 ,the curious in such military matters may consult with advantage 8,the exercise of arms for ,calivers1 ,musketts1 and ,pikes10 in the masterly executed folio engravings by ,jacob de ,gheyne1 printed at the ,hague in #afjg4 ,the soldiers of the #agth century had to carry immense unwieldy fire-arms1 requiring a crutch or rest on which to steady them while taking aim1 and had to fire with the ignited end of prepared rope1 used as a match for that purpose1 and which for security against accidental extinction was usually kept lighted at both ends4 ,in respect to the ,marquis's wealth1 a contemporary authority informs us in reference to that period1 that1--8,his whole estate ubique was esteemed #bd thousand pounds per annum40#ic ,indeed he was almost an universal landlord in the county4#bi ,he had then altogether raised #aejj foot and near #ejj horse1 the command of which he gave to his son1 ,lord ,herbert2 thus raising the first horse levied by the ,king4 ,the writer of a contemporary pamphlet published at ,oxford1 entitled--8,a short view of the late troubles10 states3 8,moreover1 within few days following1 one ,john ,davis discovered #abth ,nov4 to the ,house that the ,earl of ,worcester had large stables under ground1 at ,raglan ,castle1 and a number of light horse in them2 likewise arms for a hundred and forty horse1 and two thousand men1 whereof seven hundred were then in pay1 and ammunition proportionate40#ij ,we learn little more personally affecting the ,marquis of ,worcester for about two years1 during which his time must have been both fully and painfully absorbed in superintending the warlike preparations which environed his domicile4 ,footnotes #hh ,sandford4 #d ,annual ,register1 #agfi4 ,a #afdj4 #af ,car4 ,i4 vol4 ii4 p4 #ge4 ,b ,journals of ,house of ,commons1 #afda4 #ag ,car4 ,i4 vol4 ii4 p4 #cag4 ,c ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,d ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,e ,ibid4 ,f ,sir ,arthur ,hazilrigge1 ,bart4 ,g ,journal1 ,house of ,commons1 #afdb4 #ag ,car4 ,i4 vol4 ii4 ,h ,from ,,mss4 at ,badminton4 #ic ,symonds4 #ic ,symonds4 #ij ,somers4 #ic ,symonds4 #bi ,corbet4 #ij ,somers4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,lord ,,herbert ,,in ,,his ,,military ,,capacity4 ,the sad necessities of the times and the perilous position in which his tortuous policy had placed him1 obliged ,charles the ,first to court the assistance and presence of the wealthiest among the nobility1 than whom none then ranked higher than the ,marquis of ,worcester1 who1 as we have seen1 his ,majesty pressingly sues1 through his son1 ,lord ,herbert1 at ,nottingham1 for still further monetary supplies4 ,it is not surprising then to find ,lord ,herbert1 even against his better judgment1 considering his tastes1 habits and experience1 taking an active part in military affairs1 and the mailed philosopher actually setting forth as an enthusiastic ,cavalier4 ,in one of the political tracts of the day1 published at ,oxford in #afdb1 the writer gives as a reason for the ,marquis of ,hertford declining the service in which the ,king had employed him3--8,for that the ,king hath not only given way to the raising of a popish army in the ,north1 but hath granted commission to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 a known papist1 to be general of the forces in those parts1 where he is2 whose army consists of profest papists40#ij ,as early as #afdj1 rumours had been falsely circulated against the ,marquis of ,worcester1 charging him with being concerned in a design to raise a large popish army in ,lancashire1 as also another in ,ireland4 ,in #afdb1 however1 he did raise a great number of ,welsh in support of the royal cause2#aje and the same year ,lord ,herbert was made ,general of ,south ,wales4#ie ,thus ,lord ,herbert1 in command of troops raised by his father1 being in favour with his sovereign1 and generally esteemed both for his high nobility and his wealth1 held a most important influential position4 ,fully to prepare himself for such a post1 it appears most likely that he commenced the requisite course of training even previous to his second marriage1 for so early as ,march1 #afch1 ,lady ,harley writes to inform her son3--8,they say1 my ,lord of ,worcester's son shall be general of the horse40#df ,in his first considerable exploit he appeared before ,gloucester1 then in the ,parliamentary interest1 stoutly defended by a company of volunteers1 who had raised very extensive fortifications4 ,in ,february1 #afdb1 it was summoned by ,prince ,rupert1 and again later1 but without effect4 ,about the middle of the same month1 ,lord ,herbert1 with a body of about #aejj foot and #ejj horse1 well armed1 attempted the reduction of the garrison4 ,his eldest brother1 ,lord ,john ,somerset1 commanded the horse1 while ,sir ,jeremiah ,brett was general of the foot4 ,a third time the city not only refused to surrender1 but received with ridicule the summons from a ,welsh brigade2 the ,welsh troops therefore encamped at ,highnam within the distance of one mile and a half1 where they lay still in their camp for five weeks in mistaken security1 not even attacking the outguards1 or attempting any great action1 seemingly deluded by expectations of aid from ,prince ,rupert2 who1 however1 could not leave ,bristol4 ,sir ,william ,waller1 crossing the river by means of flat-bottomed boats1 advanced on them with a body of light troops1 numbering about #bjjj4 ,the ,welsh1 without taking the least advantage arising from their strong position1 sounded a parley1 and surrendered on conditions which were readily granted2 in consequence of which1 #acjj foot and three troops of horse were led prisoners into ,gloucester1 where several were kept for some time under strict confinement4 ,rushworth states1 under date #aith of ,march1 #afdb-c1 that ,lord ,herbert lost #ejj men killed1 and above #ajjj taken prisoners4 ,lord ,herbert1 we find from his own account1 was not present on the occasion of this defeat1 for in reference to this disaster he says3--8,god forgive those of the ,king's party1 who were the occasion that #aejj gentlemen were surprised1 and ,i not despatched from ,oxford until the day after4 ,yet at #ad days' warning ,i brought #djjj foot and #hjj horse to the siege of ,gloucester40 ,but ,rushworth and others erroneously speak of his escaping to ,oxford4#hg ,from first to last the defeat cost his ,lordship1 according to his own showing1 #fj1jjj4ij ,such was the unpromising result of his earliest enterprise in his new career1 offering a very gloomy foreboding of the future4 ,he had been untiring in his exertions to raise those troops throughout ,monmouthshire1 ,herefordshire1 and adjacent counties1 in which1 as also in efforts to obtain sufficient stores for the garrison at ,raglan1 he appears to have acted with extraordinary energy4,a ,during the progress of operations against ,gloucester1 ,lady ,harley in her correspondence with her son1 on the #adth of ,february1 #afdb1 says3--8,nine days past my ,lord ,herbert was at ,hereford1 where he stayed a week4 ,there was held a council of war1 what was the best way to take ,brompton ,castle--her residence4 ,it was concluded to blow it up1 and which counsel pleased them all4 ,the sheriff of ,radnorshire1 with the trained bands of that county1 and some of the ,hereford soldiers1 were to come against me4 ,my ,lord ,herbert had appointed a day to come to ,preston1 that so his presence might persuade them to go out of their county4 ,he had commanded them to bring pay to victuals for #aj days4 ,the soldiers came to ,preston1 but it pleased ,god to call my ,lord ,herbert another way1 for those in the ,forest of ,dean grew so strong1 that they were afraid of them40#ajb ,we ascertain from his own later statement of expenditure that from ,february1 #afda1 to ,october1 #afdb1 or thereabouts1 he was actively engaged in dispensing his father's immense loans in support of the royal cause2 he says1--8,with as much privacy as might be1 keeping good correspondence with the ,parliament2 remaining in ,london1 to avoid suspicion1 being then trusted both by ,king and ,parliament40 ,taking amounts as stated by his ,lordship1 the dates may be pretty correctly supplied from ,iter ,carolinum4#ij ,between #bhth ,february1 and #ahth ,march1 #afda1 he sent to ,theobalds for the 8pressing necessities of his dear master10 the sum of #c1jjj ,about the same time to ,huntingdon1 after the ,king's departure from ,theobalds #c1jjj ,on or after the #aith ,march1 to ,york #h1jjj ,on or after #bast ,july1 #afdb1 to ,nottingham1 8where his ,majesty set up his royal standard40#ij #d1jjj ,officers' expenses to ,york #a1ejj ,besides1 by his ,majesty's command1 victualling the ,tower1 ,sir ,john ,byron being ,lord ,lieutenant1 for which purpose1 he 8sent him in old plate1 under pretence of coining it0 #b1ejj ,and further1 obtaining through some pretence1 leave of absence1 from the ,parliament1 he proceeded with their pass to ,york1 carrying to the ,king in ready money #ae1jjj ,and in bills and assurances #hj1ejj ,for these his ,majesty giving his 8note for ninety-five thousand five hundred pounds10 his ,lordship returned in two days4 ,raising ,sir ,john ,byron's regiment of ,horse1 the first completed #e1jjj -------- ,representing a total of #abb1ejj ,annexed to the record of this vast outlay1 ,lord ,herbert has left us a short piece of autobiography4 8,things being thus set in order1 7he says7 between his ,majesty and me1 ,i fairly took leave of the ,parliament1 to go down to my father2 where ,i no sooner arrived but there came directed unto me from his ,majesty a ,commission of ,array2 whereof ,i presently1 by a servant of my own1 sent word to the ,parliament1 with a letter to the ,house of ,lords1 which ,i directed to my ,lord of ,holland1 and to the ,house of ,commons1 to ,mr4 ,pym2 in both which ,i offered to intercede to his ,majesty1 and conceived ,i should prevail to suspend the ,commission of ,array1 if they should make an ,act that their ,militia should not come into my country4 ,but they with civil compliments and thanks replied that his ,majesty's proceedings was so illegal1 and theirs for the good of the kingdom so just and necessary1 that by no means would they waive the one for the other4 ,at which ,i declared myself irritated1 to see that they durst tell me that anything commanded by my master was illegal1 and professed ,i would obey his ,majesty's commands1 and let them send at their perils4 ,so immediately1 and in eight days' time1 ,i raised six regiments1 fortified ,monmouth1 ,chepstow1 and ,raglan1 fetching away the magazine of powder and ammunition from the ,earl of ,pembroke's town1 ,carlyon1 and placed it in ,raglan ,castle1 leaving a garrison in lieu thereof4 ,garrisoned likewise ,cardiff1 ,brecknock1 ,hereford1 ,goodrich ,castle and the ,forest of ,dean1 after ,i had taken them from the enemy40 ,we have here a striking instance of his unflinching loyalty1 of his first public expression of his political sentiments1 with a brief sketch of the course he adopted in his first decisive military measures4 ,in the month of ,september several horses1 the property of ,lord ,herbert1 being seized in ,gloucestershire1 the same was formally reported1 as appears first from the ,journals of the ,house of ,commons1,b as follows3 8,di ,martis1 #ac ,septembris1 #afdb4 8,a letter1 from the city of ,gloucester1 from ,mr4 ,perry1 c4 concerning the ,lord ,herbert1 son of the ,earl of ,worcester1 seven horses of war stayed there2 and concerning some provisions they desire for the safety of the city2 was this day read3 ,and 8,it is ordered1 that ,sergeant ,wilde do prepare an ,order concerning both these particulars4 8,that ,mr4 ,speaker shall write his letter to the ,lord ,herbert1 son of the ,earl of ,worcester1 to appear here1 and attend the ,house4 8,mr ,glyn to prepare this letter4 8,that the ,lords be moved to send for the ,earl of ,worcester1 to attend the ,parliament40 ,and further1 afterwards1 from the particulars afforded by the annexed document3-- 8,die ,jovis1 #ae ,septembris1 #afdb4 8,whereas information hath been given to the ,lords and ,commons assembled in ,parliament1 that seven great horses or geldings1 of the ,lord ,herbert1 son of the ,earl of ,worcester1 were lately brought to the city of ,gloucester1 to be by them employed 7as is justly suspected7 upon some design against the ,parliament2 and that great endeavours are used by divers commissioners of array1 and other ill-affected persons1 in the several counties of ,hereford1 ,monmouth1 ,glamorgan1 ,carmarthen1 ,brecknock1 and ,radnor1 to draw the said counties by way of association against the ,parliament1 and their adherents1 and in particular against the said city1 as a place the most advantageous for the furtherance of their malignant designs2 therefore upon the humble desire of the citizens of the said city of ,gloucester1 and for the better preservation of the safety of the said city1 being a place of great importance1 and of the counties and parts adjoining2 it is thought fit and ,,ordered by the said ,lords and ,commons1 that the ,mayor1 aldermen1 and citizens of the said city1 shall have the use and disposal of the said horses1 for the defence of the said city and parts adjacent1 and the services of the ,parliament2 and that1 for the same purpose1 they shall have power to raise one or more troop or troops of horse and men1 and to train1 exercise1 and employ the same1 and other forces of the said city1 as by the ordinance concerning the militia is appointed2 and further1 that1 for their better encouragement and assistance in this behalf1 some such small pieces of ordnance shall be forthwith sent down to the said city1 to be used1 ordered1 and employed for the uses and purposes aforesaid1 as to them shall seem most meet and expedient2 and that they and every of them1 in so doing1 shall be protected and assisted by the power and authority of both ,houses of ,parliament40 ,the records of ,gloucester frequently allude to these seven great horses1 which were afterwards placed under the command of ,lieutenant ,backhouse1 and kept together till the close of the war4 ,in ,february1 ,lord ,herbert wrote to ,prince ,rupert1#ajj as follows3-- 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,highness ,prince ,rupert1 8,your commands came unto me but the last night late1 and being now upon making my entry into the ,forest of ,dean1 ,i cannot so suddenly execute the same2 but as soon as it is any way feasible1 there shall be no delay therein4 ,upon ,thursday next1 ,i have given order1 that accordingly as ,i shall receive intelligence from the other side of ,severn 7which when ,i have taken order to receive71 there shall be men sent over1 hoping by that time to master all on this side of ,severn4 ,and in what ,i may ,i shall ever most readily obey your ,highness' commands1 and remain1 ,sir1 8,your ,highness' most affectionately devoted ,servant1 8,,ed4 ,,herbert4 8,raglan ,castle1 8,this ,tuesday morning1 #gth ,feb4 #afdc40 ,a contemporary1 a clergyman1#bi has preserved an interesting account of ,lord ,herbert's operations before ,monmouth1 on the #ast of ,april1 #afdc4 ,sir ,william ,waller having accepted the invitation of a number of resident gentlemen1 when he came near the town of ,monmouth1 where ,lord ,herbert had begun to place a garrison1 his presence occasioned the precipitate flight of his ,lordship's troops4 ,but ,waller1 although so far victorious1 failed in obtaining needful supplies1 owing to the devotion of the stream of the people1 most of whom were the ,marquis's tenantry4 ,lord ,herbert afterwards united with ,sir ,john ,winter1 the reputed plague of the ,forest of ,dean1 who had strongly fortified and defended his own residence2 he was1 too1 considered a most active enemy1 as well as a chief agent of the popish faction4 ,his ,lordship's horse so materially assisted ,sir ,john's operations as to compel the rebels to quit the forest1 having made a passage over the ,severn1 at ,newnham4 ,soon after this affair1 rumours were current that forces were expected from ,oxford for ,paineswick and ,stroud1 while the ,irish it was believed were to lie on one side of ,berkeley1 ,lord ,herbert and ,sir ,john ,winter holding the ,forest4 ,the same chronicler assures us that the taking of ,monmouth gave a fearful alarm to the whole country1 the ,marquis of ,worcester calling in ,prince ,rupert's horse to their assistance4 ,the result of these preparations was that ,sir ,william ,blaxton1 with his brigade of horse1 joined the country train-bands1 with the forces from ,raglan and ,chepstow1 making together about #ejj horse and #abjj foot4 ,they fell upon the enemy's horse quarters1 where were lodged two troops and ten musketeers2 while #aej musketeers speedily came from ,monmouth to their assistance4 ,with these and further supplies of foot the ,monmouth party routed the cavaliers1 of whom many were slain and threescore taken prisoners4 ,sir ,john ,winter1 despairing of longer subsistence1 at length deserted the ,forest1 after first firing his house at ,lidney1 and somewhat revenging himself for past disasters by spoiling the ,forest itself4#bi ,in ,june1 ,charles ,i4 addressed the following letter,c to the harassed ,marquis of ,worcester1 conveying promises as usual1 after a personal interview with his son3-- 8,,worcester1 8,i am very sensible of the miseries and dangers which of late you have been in1 and do hope the time will come when ,i shall be able to requite all my good subjects1 and none sooner than you2 concerning the changing of your title1 and other particulars1 ,i leave to your son's relation1 who knows my mind therein1 who will ever remain 8,your most assured constant friend1 8,,charles ,r40 8,oxford1 #aith1 ,june1 #afdc4 8,for the ,marquis of ,worcester40 ,lady ,harley1 writing on the #acth of ,june1 #afdc1 observes3--8,my ,lord ,herbert and ,colonel ,vavasour1 who is to be ,governor of ,hereford1 is gone up into ,montgomeryshire to raise soldiers40#df ,on the #beth of ,july1 #afdc1 ,lord ,herbert1 having sent a dispatch to ,prince ,rupert1,d in which he found he had omitted some important particulars1 afterwards transmitted the same day by letter1 dated from ,raglan ,castle1 to the following effect3 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,highness1 8,since my dispatch to you this morning there occurs one thing which ,i then omitted1 which ,i thought fit to represent to your ,highness2 that some ,parliament ships now lie in and about ,milford ,haven1 which hath hitherunto so far countenanced the county of ,pembroke1 that they 7dissenting from all ,wales besides7 have only showed themselves refractory to his ,majesty's commands2 and could your ,highness so dispose1 that some of the ships late come in might speedily 7before notice be given them there of their professing themselves for the ,king7 surprise them1 or draw them to their allegiance that county would be soon reduced to its due obedience1 which otherwise by land will not without much difficulty and loss be done4 ,one other thing ,i likewise forgot in my last2 that in case your ,highness became master of the city of ,bristol1 and the castle holding out1 your ,highness should need pioneers1 for undermining the same1 which 7the situation considered7 will easily be effected1 upon notice from your ,highness ,i shall procure some of the forest miners1 who being very expert at those works shall speedily attend your pleasure4 ,i wish all fortunate success in all your attempts as becomes your ,highness' 8,most obedient and humble servant1 8,,ld4 ,,herbert4,e 8,ragland ,castle1 #beth ,july4 8,after #aj of the clock in the morning40 ,lord ,herbert 7probably immediately after the defeat at ,gloucester7 raised a regiment of foot and ten troops of cavalry1 offering1 however1 according to ,sir ,william ,vavasour1 to act only under the command of ,prince ,rupert or the ,king3 the former writes3--,f 8,whereas the ,right ,honourable ,henry ,marquis of ,worcester hath by his care and expenses long saved the town and county of ,monmouth from the hands of the enemies1 and of late regained the said town from them2 and in regard likewise that the towns of ,monmouth and ,chepstow are belonging to him of inheritance1 and the interest he hath in the whole county1 my desire is1 that the ,commander-in-chief of the said county and the ,governors of both or each of those towns1 or of any other garrison within the said county1 should be complying with or observing any desires of his1 intimated unto them3 either concerning his ,majesty's service1 the good of that county1 or the particular safety and interest of him and his 7whereof ,i am very tender74 ,as also the ,high ,sheriff1 ,commissioners of ,array1 ,justices of the ,peace1 or other officers of the said county1 martial or civil 7as they tender my pleasure71 and will answer the contrary at their perils4 ,and for their so doing1 the sight of these1 or a copy hereof1 attested by that ,right ,honourable ,henry ,marquis of ,worcester1 shall be their and either of their warrant4 ,given under my hand at ,oxford1 the #eth day of ,january1 in the twentieth year of his ,majesty's reign4 8,,rupert40,g ,the accounts we have of ,lord ,herbert's military operations are extremely meagre2 in a patent hereafter to be noticed1 the sieges and battles at which he was present are briefly announced2 with what courage and successful conduct he took ,goodrich ,castle1 the ,forest of ,dean1 and the city of ,hereford2 indeed with what remarkable good fortune1 with what unhoped-for success1 he made himself master of the strongly fortified town of ,monmouth4 ,the achievements1 as thus recorded1 are sufficiently high sounding1 but no contemporary historian seems to have considered them of sufficient importance to put on record4 ,neither his own letters1 nor those of his numerous family and connexions1 neither political nor religious partizans nor opponents give us a glimpse of our general's skill1 bravery1 and final successes2 while the few particulars actually recorded leave but a faint impression as regards facts1 and a most unfavourable one as regards results4 ,in short1 in his military capacity he bears a most mythical character4 ,we have his own statement,h that1 through the means supplied by his father and himself1 the ,marquis of ,hertford1 after his defeat in the ,west1 was supplied with recruits to attend his ,majesty at ,oxford1 at a cost of #hjjj4 ,they also raised ,sir ,john ,byron's regiment of horse1 at an expense of #ejjj4 ,he further expressly alludes to having rendered his ,majesty's army considerable service before ,edge-hill1 by the men he furnished4 ,and he was likewise at the charge1 if not personally engaged in the reducing of ,abergavenny and ,carlyon to the service of the ,crown4 ,his own troop of ,life ,guards1 consisted of one hundred and twenty noblemen and gentlemen1 whose estates amounted to above sixty thousand pounds per annum1 most of whom he supplied with arms and horses4 ,this troop he acknowledges to have raised without consulting his father1 who reproving him said3 8,the consequence would be that the love and power he had in the country would be perspicuous1 although he should have thanks from the ,king1 yet others1 though his ,majesty's well-wishers1 through envy1 would hate him for it40 ,his ,lordship adds3--8which ,i confess ,i have found too true1 my services having been more retarded by those who called themselves the ,king's friends1 than obstructed by his enemies40 ,it is certain that ,lord ,herbert acquired no military celebrity4 ,he was bold1 determined1 and energetic when acting on the defensive1 but he was not remarkable for any adventurous or brilliant aggressive successes4 ,his troops were formidable in number1 well paid1 and abundantly supplied with every requisite2 but in all his reputed sieges1 in all his encounters with the foe1 we seek in vain for any return of the slain1 the wounded1 the prisoners taken1 the disasters surmounted and inflicted1 and the splendid store of spoil acquired4 ,the red hand and unpitying slaughter of war are only shadowed forth to us like shapeless forms1 creations of the imagination rather than even faint pictures of reality4 ,his ,lordship's naturally studious habits would seem to have incapacitated him from entering ardently into the wanton destruction of human life and the infliction of severe injuries on multitudes1 regarded by him more as deluded neighbours than cruel adversaries4 ,above forty years having passed over his head in the experience only of plenteous1 peaceful times1 and scholarly pursuits1 he was no longer like the pliant sapling1 but partook more of the stability of the sturdy oak4 ,in perfect agreement with his own noble and generous spirit1 he no doubt expected1 as he desired1 an early and complete compromise of the political differences which were then spreading their baleful contagion over the land4 ,nevertheless1 it is rather remarkable that operations on so extensive a scale1 prosecuted at a large cost by a single family1 should have obtained comparatively so little renown in the annals of the civil war3 among which we search in vain for details characterising the martial deeds of ,edward ,somerset1 ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan4 ,footnotes #ij ,somers' ,tracts1 vol4 iv4 p4 #dei4 #aje ,whitelock4 #ie ,thomas--also ,clarendon4 #df ,harley4 #hg ,rushworth4 #ij ,somers' ,tracts1 vol4 v4 p4 #cab4 ,a ,rapin states that after thus relieving ,gloucester1 ,sir ,william ,waller took first ,chepstow1 and afterwards ,monmouth4 #ajb ,washbourn4 #ij ,somers' ,tracts1 vol v4 ed4 #ahaa1 #dto4 page #bfc4 ,b ,journals of the ,house of ,commons4 #ah ,car4 ,i4 #afdb4 vol4 ii4 page #gfc4 #ajj ,warburton4 #bi ,corbet4 #bi ,corbet4 ,c ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 #df ,harley4 ,d 8,rupert's correspondence1 ,no4 #ah1ihj1 vol4 i40 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,e ,the letter is in a clerk's writing2 the autograph in a different ink4 ,f ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,g ,endorsed in the same hand--8,prince ,rupert1 his ,warrant40 ,and endorsed by a private hand1--8,prince ,rupert's ,warrant to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 ,oxford1 ,january #e1 #afdd40 ,h ,see ,chapter ,,xviii1 giving the entire statement4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,lord ,,herbert ,,created ,,earl ,,of ,,glamorgan4 ,,irish ,,affairs4 ,although many successes had early attended the ,royalists' arms1 the chances of war in #afdc were interminably perplexing to all parties4 ,the royal cause was becoming desperate1 and the ,king1 never over-scrupulous1 then endeavoured to obtain speedy assistance at all hazards4 ,after taking the sacrament at ,oxford1 in sacred repudiation of employing papists1 yet was he privately urging his generals to engage all who would serve4 ,the fact of the ,marquis of ,worcester being of the proscribed religion was no obstacle to his maintaining correspondence with him1 personally communicating with his son1 and constantly draining their fortunes and other resources4 ,the impoverished monarch was at least liberal in promises and niggardly in fulfilling even those referring to mere dignities in acknowledgment of immense services1 so long as farther demands might thereby possibly be the better secured2 such was his insincerity in all social relations1 and such his intriguing policy in all his acts of sovereign power4 ,at home the battle of ,edge-hill had just been fought1 and in ,ireland a rebellion had to be suppressed1 and troops to be raised to swell the royal army4 ,the ,king must have been much confounded how best to conciliate friends and enemies1 protestants and papists1 until he could fearlessly assert his claims in accordance with his own construction of regal rights4 ,in the early part of the year #afdd1 the ,king conferred on ,lord ,herbert1 during his father's lifetime1 the dignity of ,earl of ,glamorgan4 8,but10 says ,sir ,harris ,nicolas1,a 8great doubt exists whether the patent ever passed the great seal40 ,and ,mr4 ,nichols states that1 on reference to the original ,docquet ,book of grants made by the ,king at ,oxford1 commencing in ,december #afdb1 and ending in ,june #afdf1 nothing of the kind occurs among the numerous grants of ,dignities there recorded4#gd ,yet the title was constantly employed by ,charles the ,first in his several letters and commissions1 and later in a message to the ,houses of ,parliament2 and the following is a copy of the ,,patent he privily granted to his ,lordship on the #ast ,april1 #afdd4ac 8,charles1 by the ,grace of ,god1 ,king of ,england1 ,scotland1 ,france1 and ,ireland1 defender of the faith1 c4 to our right trusty and right well-beloved cousin1 ,edward ,somerset1 alias ,plantagenet1 ,lord ,herbert1 ,baron ,beaufort of ,caldicote1 ,grismond1 ,chepstow1 ,ragland1 and ,gower1 ,earl of ,glamorgan1 son and heir apparent of our entirely beloved cousin1 ,henry ,earl and ,marquis of ,worcester1 greeting4 ,having had good and long experience of your prowess1 prudence1 and fidelity1 do make choice1 and by these nominate and appoint you1 our right trusty and right well-beloved cousin1 ,edward ,somerset1 c4 to be our ,generalissimo of three armies1 ,english1 ,irish1 and foreign1 and ,admiral of a fleet at sea1 with power to recommend your lieutenant-general for our approbation1 leaving all other officers to your own election and denomination1 and accordingly to receive their commission from you2 willing and commanding them1 and every of them1 you to obey1 as their general1 and you to receive immediate orders from ourself only4 ,and lest through distance of place we may be misinformed1 we will and command you to reply unto us1 if any of our orders should thwart or hinder any of your designs for our service4 ,and there being necessarily great sums of money to the carrying on so chargeable an employment1 which we have not to furnish you withal2 we do by these empower you to contract with any of our loving subjects of ,england1 ,ireland1 and dominion of ,wales1 for wardships1 customs1 woods1 or any our rights and prerogatives2 we by these obliging ourselves1 our heirs and successors1 to confirm and make good the same accordingly4 ,and for persons of generosity1 for whom titles of honour are most desirable1 we have intrusted you with several patents under our ,great ,seal of ,england1 from a ,marquis to a ,baronet2 which we give you full power and authority to date and dispose of1 without knowing our further pleasure1 so great is our trust and confidence in you1 as that1 whatsoever you do contract for or promise1 we will make good the same accordingly1 from the date of this our commission forwards2 which for the better satisfaction1 we give you leave to give them1 or any of them1 copies thereof1 attested under our hand and seal of arms4 ,and for your encouragement1 and in token of our gratitude1 we give and allow you henceforward such fees1 titles1 preheminences1 and privileges1 as do and may belong unto your place and command above-mentioned1 with promise of our dear daughter ,elizabeth to your son ,plantagenet1 in marriage1 with three hundred thousand pounds in dower or portion1 most part whereof we acknowledge spent and disbursed by your father and you in our service2 and the title of ,duke of ,somerset to you and your heirs male for ever2 and from henceforward to give the ,garter to your arms1 and at your pleasure to put on the ,george and blue ribbon4 ,and for your greater honour1 and in testimony of our reality1 we have with our own hand affixed our ,great ,seal of ,england unto these our ,commissions and letters1 making them patents4 8,witness ourself at ,oxford1 the first day of ,april1 in the #bjth year of our reign1 and the year of our ,lord1 ,one thousand six hundred and forty-four40 ,under any ordinary circumstances there would appear to be no possibility of obscurity respecting this title1 and that any should exist only occasions the more surprise1 when considered in reference to a family so eminently in favour with ,charles the ,first4 ,but the subtle ,monarch might have his own reasons for favouring any source of possible remote obscurity1 until assurance of the ,earl of ,glamorgan's success in his new enterprise should embolden him to make his title clear2 for it has been well observed of him1 that he was not only a most unscrupulous but a most unlucky dissembler4#fg ,this much disputed title is1 however1 acknowledged by ,charles the ,second in a royal warrant1 bearing date the #fth of ,april1 #affa1 as one1 he is informed1 8settled by our ,royal ,father1 of blessed memory40#gd ,his ,majesty gave the ,earl the following instructions3,b 8,oxford1 this #bnd of ,january1 #afdd4 ,several heads whereupon you our right trusty and right well-beloved ,cousin ,edward ,earl of ,glamorgan may securely proceed in execution of our commands4 8,first1 you may engage your estate1 interest and credit1 that we will most really and punctually perform any our promises to the ,irish1 and as it is necessary to conclude a peace suddenly1 whatsoever shall be consented unto by our ,lieutenant the ,marquis of ,ormond1 ,we will die a thousand deaths rather than disannul or break it2 and if upon necessity anything be to be condescended unto1 and yet the ,lord ,marquis not willing to be seen therein1 or not fit for us at the present publicly to own1 do you endeavour to supply the same4 8,if for the encouragement of the ,lord ,marquis of ,ormond you see it needful to have the ,garter sent him1 or any further favour demonstrated from us unto him1 we will cause the same to be performed4 8,if for the advantage of our service you see fit to promise any titles1 even to the titles of ,earls in either of our kingdoms1 upon notice from you we will cause the same to be performed4 8,for the maintenance of our army under your commands1 we are graciously pleased to allow the delinquents' estates where you overcome to be disposed by you1 as also any our revenues in the said places1 customs or other1 our profits1 woods1 and the like1 with the contributions4 8,whatever towns or places of importance you shall think fit to possess1 you shall place commanders and governors therein at your pleasure4 8,whatever order we shall send you 7which you are only to obey7 we give you leave to impart the same to your council at war1 and if they and you approve not thereof1 we give you leave to reply2 and so far shall we be from taking it as a disobedience1 that we command the same4 8,at your return we will accept of some officers upon your recommendation1 to the end no obstacle or delay may be in the execution of your desires in order to our service1 and our commands in that behalf4 8,at your return you shall have the command of ,south ,wales1 ,herefordshire1 and ,gloucestershire of the ,welsh side returned to you in as ample manner as before4 8,in your absence we will not give credit or countenance to anything which may be prejudicial to your father1 you1 or yours4 8,c4 ,r40 ,next month his ,majesty wrote the following letter3,c 8,,glamorgan1 8,i herewith send you the rest of my dispatches for ,ireland1 whither ,i pray hasten1 time being most considerable4 ,i am sensible of the dangers you will undergo1 and the great trouble and expenses you must be at1 not being able to assist you1 who have already spent a million of crowns #bej1jjj in my service2 neither can ,i say more than ,i well remember to have spoke and written to you that already words could not express your merits1 nor my gratitude3 and that next to my wife and children ,i was most bound to take care of you1 whereof ,i have1 besides others1 particularly assured your ,cousin ,byron1 as a person dear unto you4 8,what ,i can further think at this point is to send you the ,blue ,ribbon1 and a ,warrant for the ,title of ,duke of ,somerset1 both which accept1 and make use of at your discretion2 and if you should defer the publishing of either for a while to avoid envy1 and my being importuned by others1 yet ,i promise your antiquity for the one1 and your ,patent for the other shall bear date with the ,warrants4 8,and rest assured1 if ,god should cross me with your miscarrying1 ,i will treat your son as my own1 and that you labour for a dear friend as well as a thankful master1 when time shall afford means to acknowledge1 how much ,i am 8,your most assured1 real1 constant 8and thankful friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,oxford1 ,feb4 #abth1 #afdd40 ,the ,earl being from some cause detained at home1 his ,majesty wrote in ,march1 as follows3--,d 8,,herbert1 8,i wonder1 you are not yet gone for ,ireland2 but since you have stayed all this time1 ,i hope these will overtake you1 whereby you will the more see the great trust and confidence ,i repose in your integrity1 of which ,i have had so long and so good experience2 commanding you to deal with all ingenuity and freedom with our ,lieutenant of ,ireland the ,marquis of ,ormond1 and on the word of a ,king and a ,christian ,i will make good anything1 which our ,lieutenant shall be induced unto upon your persuasion2 and if you find it fitting1 you may privately show him these1 which ,i intend not as obligatory to him1 but to myself2 and for both your encouragements and warrantise1 in whom ,i repose my chiefest hopes1 not having in all my kingdoms two such subjects2 whose endeavours joining1 ,i am confident to be soon drawn out of the mire1 ,i am now enforced to wallow in2 and then shall ,i show my thankfulness to you both2 and as you have never failed me1 so shall ,i never fail you1 but in all things show how much ,i am444 8,oxford the #abth of ,march1 #afdd40 ,the newly created ,earl of ,glamorgan was now just entering on what afterwards proved to be the most perilous period of his life4 ,he no doubt felt the weighty importance of the duties he was undertaking1 and one cannot help imagining that it was under a lively impression of the possible change in his fortune1 which1 whether for good or for evil1 it was past human wisdom to divine1 that he addressed the following most reverential letter to his honoured father1 in ,august1 #afdd4;,e 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,lordship1 8,amongst other memorable expressions which have taken deep root in my heart1 ,i assure your ,lordship1 that those you were pleased to use towards me on ,sunday last1 shall never be defaced out of my memory2 for you were pleased so to interlace terror and comfort1 as that ,i knew not whether joy or fear possessed me most1 or whether you showed more justice or clemency2 but at last a tender fatherly affection appeared to steer your words and deeds which shall be1 ,god willing1 answered with a filial duty and tenderness1 and your unparalleled goodness shall not1 with ,god ,almighty's grace1 undo1 but strengthen me in my duty to ,god and your ,lordship1 with as much zeal and true-hearted devotion as can be witnessed1 with the uttermost endeavours of thought1 word1 and deed1 lying in the power and uttermost abilities which ,i can at any time attain unto1 whose ambition is not greater to anything in this world than really and entirely to appear1 my ,lord1 8,your ,lordship's most dutifully obedient son1 8and most devoted servant1 ,illustration3 ,ed4 ,l4 ,herbert 7autograph7 afterwards #bnd ,marquis of ,worcester 8,this #acth of ,august1 #afdd40 ,his military career in ,wales appears to have terminated late in #afdd1 at which time the ,parliament having protested against the cessation made by the ,marquis of ,ormond with the ,irish rebels1 by the ,king's express orders1 his ,majesty determined not only on a speedy peace in ,ireland1 but also on the raising of troops there to be sent over to ,england4 ,difficulties1 however1 arising consequent on the demands made by the ,irish ,roman ,catholics1 the ,king devised the expedient of engaging the services of the ,earl of ,glamorgan in that hazardous negotiation4 ,adopting his customary narrow policy1 he planned and plotted alike with friends and foes4 ,ormond was to be flattered and deceived1 next ,glamorgan1 and in succession all his ministers1 council and court1 yea1 the very ,parliament and the public were to be hood-winked by a master-stroke of double-dealing4 ,such a net-work of intrigue had he woven1 before the least of his measures could be finally executed1 that ,charles the ,first's course of conduct throughout this affair1 has confounded early as well as later and most dispassionate politicians4 ,that the ,king was wavering and uncertain1 at least in his decisions1 is admitted by all1 and it is very evident that expediency was with him a sufficient plea for the most perfidious treachery1 without distinction of parties4 ,he first wrote to the ,marquis of ,ormond that well-known letter1 in which he says3#be 8,,ormond1 8,my ,lord ,herbert having business of his own in ,ireland 7wherein ,i desire you to do him all lawful favour and furtherance71 ,i have thought good to use the power ,i have1 both in his affection and duty1 to engage him in all possible ways to further the peace there2 which he hath promised to do4 ,wherefore1 as you find occasion1 you may confidently use and trust him in this1 or any other thing he shall propound to you for my service2 there being none in whose honesty and zeal to my person and crown ,i have more confidence4 ,so ,i rest1 8,your most assured constant friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,oxford1 #bg ,decemb4 #afdd4 ,f8,his honesty or affection to my service will not deceive you2 but ,i will not answer for his judgment40 ,in this letter we detect the artful arrangement of its matter1 making ,lord ,herbert's real mission secondary to some private business of his own1 to the forwarding of which the wily monarch solicits the kind offices of his minister4 ,yet1 secondary as was his mission apparently1 he is much lauded for his 8honesty and zeal0 to the royal person and crown2 while the same hand adds a postscript in cipher1--8but ,i will not answer for his judgment40 ,yet he was not so insufficient in 8judgment10 but that the royal adept in deception could purpose his eventually superseding the ,lord ,lieutenant1 whom he was thus cajoling meanwhile4 ,on the #abth of ,january1 #afdd1 his ,lordship received a ,commission under the ,great ,seal from the ,king1 empowering him to levy any number of men in ,ireland and elsewhere1 with other considerable powers1 requiring for their exercise a man of no ordinary 8judgment40 ,so that when the ,king wrote one thing1 he meant another1 for his acts reversed his own statement1 and offer the best proofs of the want of truth1 although he might consider himself obliged to adopt this shallow species of subterfuge1 in such an emergency4 ,the ,commission is as follows3--#ac 8,,charles ,r4 8,whereas we have had sufficient and ample testimony of your approved wisdom and fidelity1 so great is the confidence we repose in you1 as that whatsoever you shall perform1 as warranted under our sign-manual1 pocket signet1 or private mark1 or even by word of mouth1 without further ceremony1 we do on the word of a ,king and a ,christian1 promise to make good to all intents and purposes1 as effectually as if your authority from us had been under the ,great ,seal of ,england1 with this advantage1 that we shall esteem ourself the more obliged to you for your gallantry1 in not standing upon such nice terms to do us service1 which we shall1 ,god willing1 reward4 ,and although you exceed what law can warrant1 or any powers of ours reach unto1 as not knowing what you have need of2 yet it being for our service1 we oblige ourself1 not only to give you our pardon1 but to maintain the same with all our might and power2 and though either by accident1 or by any other occasion1 you shall deem it necessary to deposit any of our warrants1 and so want them at your return1 we faithfully promise to make them good at your return2 and to supply anything wherein they shall be found defective1 it not being convenient for us at this time to dispute upon them2 for of what we have here set down you may rest confident1 if there be faith and trust in men4 ,proceed1 therefore1 cheerfully1 speedily1 and boldly2 and for your so doing this shall be your sufficient warrant4 8,given at our ,court at ,oxford under our sign-manual and private signet1 this #abth of ,january1 #afdd40 ,the ,warrant his ,lordship received from his ,majesty1 to treat and conclude with the ,irish confederates1 dated #abth of ,march1 #afdd1 proceeds as follows3--#ac 8,,charles ,r4 8,charles1 by the grace of ,god1 of ,england1 ,scotland1 ,france1 and ,ireland1 ,defender of the ,faith1 c41 to our trusty and right well-beloved cousin1 ,edward ,earl of ,glamorgan1 greeting4 ,we1 reposing great and especial trust and confidence in your approved wisdom and fidelity1 do by these 7as firmly as under our ,great ,seal1 to all intents and purposes7 authorise and give you power1 to treat and conclude with the confederate ,roman ,catholics in our kingdom of ,ireland1 if upon necessity any be to be condescended unto1 wherein our ,lieutenant cannot so well be seen in1 as not fit for us at present publicly to own4 ,therefore we charge you to proceed according to this our warrant1 with all possible secrecy2 and for whatsoever you shall engage yourself1 upon such valuable considerations as you in your judgment shall deem fit1 we promise on the word of a ,king and a ,christian1 to ratify and perform the same1 that shall be granted by you1 and under your hand and seal2 the said confederate ,catholics having by their supplies testified their zeal to our service4 ,and this shall be in each particular to you a sufficient warrant4 8,given at our ,court at ,oxford1 under our signet and royal signature1 the #abth of ,march1 in the twentieth year of our reign1 #afdd40 ,it is generally asserted that the visit of the ,earl of ,glamorgan to ,ireland was of a personal nature1 having by his marriage become allied to some of the first ,irish families2 but no one can doubt that the important commission he had received from the monarch swayed all other considerations4 ,he was then about #dc years of age4 ,his royal master was profuse in the professions of the most sincere attachment to the person of his ,lordship2 his acts and words being such as were best calculated to ensnare an honourable man quite incapable of insincerity4 ,but the ,king1 after his own fashion1 had sound reasons for his conduct2 the ,marquis of ,worcester was still rich1 and might continue his liberality2 and1 as belonging to the ,roman ,catholic faith1 the son might promote his measures in ,ireland4 ,he only felt it necessary to flatter without serious meaning1 and to promise without feeling the duty of performing1 should expediency cause him to change his views4 ,to ,ormond1 however1 from whom he was not seeking any favour1 yet whose suspicion he desired not to awaken1 the royal diplomatist made light of this visit to ,ireland--8having business of his own0 there2 spoke sneeringly of the ,earl--8,i will not answer for his judgment20 and yet employed him on matters of such vital importance for the success of his own measures1 that we at once detect the sophistry of such language4 ,the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 it would appear1 went to ,ireland at the end of #afdd or commencement of #afde1 as his ,majesty addressed the following letters to him in #afde2;,g the first in ,february3-- 8,,herbert1 8,i am confident that this honest trusty bearer will give you good satisfaction why ,i have not in every thing done as you desired1 the want of confidence in you being so far from being the cause thereof that ,i am every day more and more confirmed in the trust that ,i have of you1 for believe me it is not in the power of any to make you suffer in my opinion by ill offices1 but of this and divers other things ,i have given so full instructions that ,i will say no more1 but that ,i am 8,your most assured constant friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,oxford1 #bfth ,feb4 #afde40;,h ,the next in ,june following3-- 8,,glamorgan1 8,i am glad to hear that you are gone to ,ireland1 and assure you that as myself is no wise disheartened by our late misfortune so neither this country2 for ,i could not have expected more from them1 than they have now freely undertaken1 though ,i had come hither absolute victorious1 which makes me hope well of the neighbouring ,shires4 ,so that 7by the grace of ,god7 ,i hope shortly to recover my late loss with advantage1 if such succours come to me from that kingdom which ,i have reason to expect1 but the circumstance of time is that of the greatest consequence1 being that which is chiefliest and earnestliest recommended you by 8,your most assured1 real constant friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,hereford1 #bcrd ,june1 #afde40 ,the ,earl wrote the annexed letter to the ,marquis of ,ormond1 dated from ,kilkenny in ,february1 #afde3--;,i 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,excellency1 8,i need not give you a relation of the public audience given to the ,nuncio yesterday by the ,assembly1 nor of his addresses thereunto2 all which 7,i am confident7 will be at ,dublin before this can have the happiness to arrive with your ,excellency4 ,neither need ,i use many words to persuade your ,lordship1 that the expectance of a more advantageous peace1 wrought by the powerful hand of her ,majesty1 soon wipes out the clandestine hopes of my endeavours to serve this nation1 to which any professions of mine have never been other1 and always in order to the ,king my master's service1 which my duty commands me ever to have before mine eyes4 ,and my zeal unto that transports me beyond all other considerations4 ,neither was ever anything of vanity in me to be esteemed the person that should contribute to the satisfaction of this kingdom1 which ,i have ever aimed more to do than to seem to do 7as the private way of my proceedings may well testify for me74 ,but the saying is1 a burnt child dreads the fire2 and1 therefore1 if ,i be contented to withdraw my hands from meddling with concessions1 ,i conceive it is your ,excellency's own dictamen1 not only as you are so great a public ,minister of ,state1 but likewise as your ,excellency is pleased in all things to express yourself my noble friend4 ,and sure ,i am in all things you will find me a devoted servant unto you2 and according unto the freedom that your ,excellency is pleased to give me in order to his ,majesty's service1 ,i must needs deal so plainly with your ,excellency1 as to put you in mind how absolutely necessary it is not to disgust the ,nuncio1 since that the supplies out of this kingdom unto the ,king can be but men4 ,and certainly1 before ,i can put myself into a handsome posture to serve the ,king my master by sea and land1 and in some kind to supply his ,majesty's private purse1 ,i think it will stand me in little less than #ajj1jjj1 within three months2 all which whence can ,i have it but out of ,catholic countries2 and how cold ,i shall find ,catholics bent to this service1 if the ,pope be irritated1 ,i humbly submit to your ,excellency's better judgment4 ,and here am ,i constrained1 to your friends and mine here1 absolutely to profess not to be capable to do the ,king that service which he expects at my hands1 unless the ,nuncio here be civilly complied with1 and carried along with us in our proceedings4 ,besides 7if there be understanding or reality in me71 it is impossible to carry this nation1 and make them do any notable service for the ,king my master1 against the hair1 and contrary to the ,nuncio's satisfaction4 ,and 7pardon me to tell you7 he is not a friend to your ,excellency that will persuade to the contrary1 knowing very well that you place your happiness and contentment in serving his ,majesty and this kingdom1 as far as any great and public ,minister of ,state and real ,protestant can attain unto4 ,according to which conditions ,i confess it is not fit for your ,excellency to appear in it yourself2 but if you please to interest myself and some others of your chief assured friends and servants here 7even with whom your ,excellency must give me leave to vie in reality and zeal to serve you71 to deal with the ,nuncio1 ,i am most confident in a few days 7if not in a few hours71 we shall bring him so far to comply in order to his ,majesty's service1 as may give your ,excellency satisfaction4 ,and for the present ,i alone have dealt with him so efficaciously1 as that he hath not only given his consent and approbation for the #cjjj men to go for ,chester 7for the transporting whereof ,i shall find shipping sufficient ready72 and if that will not serve1 he means to-morrow or the next day to make it his absolute business4 ,and ,i beseech your ,excellency to take what ,i have said here into your serious and speedy consideration1 as proceeding from me1 who am not only transported with zeal to the ,king my master's service herein1 but also to manifest myself how much ,i am 8,your ,excellency's1 c4 8,,glamorgan4 8,kilkenny1 the #hth of ,february1 #afde40 ,to which the ,marquis replied from ,dublin ,castle on the #aath of ,february3--#be 8,i hope the supplies your ,lordship labours for with so much diligence will yet come seasonably for the relief of ,chester1 notwithstanding the rumours raised here of the taking of it2 but of this and the rest of the #aj1jjj men ,i can say no more than ,i lately have done1 in a letter commended to ,mr4 ,browne's conveyance40 ,and in a letter of the #bfth of ,march1 he observes3-- 8,by intercepted letters of the #afth 7,feb47 of this month out of the ,north1 ,i find it confirmed that ,chester held out1 and was not delivered on the second1 as was confidently written hither out of ,north ,wales by some that desired it should not be relieved2 but it will infallibly be lost if the succours be not speedily sent40 ,and also writes desiring to be informed when the shipping and men will be in readiness4 ,again the ,earl addressed the ,lord ,lieutenant on the #bdth3--,j 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,excellency1 8,i am now setting foot in stirrup for ,waterford1 having made an embargo of all the shipping there1 at ,wexford1 and all other places of that coast1 towards the exportation of six thousand men1 and have likewise sent an express to ,st4 ,ives and ,falmouth for shipping1 either to convoy or to help to transport these men4 ,and if your ,excellency please to inform yourself what may be done to forward this business out of ,dublin1 ,i shall not fail to see performed any agreement your ,excellency shall make1 whose zeal to the service ,i know to be such as that it were vanity in me to recommend it unto you4 ,i will1 therefore1 only desire to know your ,excellency's pleasure as soon as may be1 and as it is my part1 so it is my affection always to obey you1 and ever to remain1 8,your ,excellency's1 c4 8,,glamorgan4 8,kilkenny1 the #bdth ,feb4 #afde40 ,these letters seem at variance with the statement made by ,dr4 ,birch and others1 that 8the ,earl left ,oxford1 in ,march1 #afdd-e1 in company with ,sir ,brian ,o',neile and some ,romish ,priests1 and went to ,wales20,k#bb unless we suppose he went to ,ireland in ,december or ,january1 and returned to ,england sometime in ,february or ,march1 which1 although not impossible1 yet was a matter not so easily accomplished in those times and under existing circumstances4 ,it is possible1 however1 that his own private1 and the urgency of public affairs1 might induce his setting out early to arrange the one1 and to settle preliminaries in the other2 for this latter purpose he would certainly require his commissions of the #fth and #abth of ,january1 #afdd-e4 ,then in ,march1 #afdd-e1 being returned from ,ireland1 he waits on his ,majesty at ,oxford1 and receives from him his ,warrant of the #abth of ,march1 and on the #ast of ,april his extraordinary and ever-memorable patent2 than which nothing could possibly show more convincingly his ,majesty's surpassing confidence in the newly-created ,earl1 and his determination to 8answer for his judgment40 ,but this last favour had to be sent to him1 as we find from his instructions to ,edward ,bosdon1 accompanied by a letter to his ,majesty1 dated the #bast of ,march1 #afdd4 ,we are here enabled to clear up a mystery which has hitherto hung over this portion of his personal history1 through a very humble source1 fortunately preserved in the ,letter ,book of ,sir ,william ,brereton1 now in the ,british ,museum1 wherein is the copy of a letter from ,john ,bythell1 apparently the commander of the 8,peter10 bound for ,dublin4 ,the circumstance is too interesting to epitomise1 and might suffer in graphic description by any attempt to curtail its minute particulars intended to interest his father and family4 ,from this document we learn that the party left ,carnarvon for ,dublin on the #beth of ,march1 #afde3-- ,l8,john ,bythell his letter to his father ,rich3 ,bythell1 in ,wyre hall4 ,wherein the much admired ,providence of ,god is to be observed in commanding the seas1 c4 8,loving ,father and ,mother1-- 8,my duty remembered unto you1 and my love to my brother ,peter and my sister4 ,these are to certify you that ,i am in health1 but am very sorry that ,i have such an occasion as this to write to you of4 ,but ,i pray you be not dismayed nor discouraged1 for ,i trust that that ,god that hath preserved me from my child-hood1 and brought me into these troubles1 will in his good time deliver me from them again4 ,for when ,i went into a place into ,wales1 called ,carnarvon1 with a small barque laden with corn1 intending to go for ,dublin1 which where it was my fortune to stay some six weeks for a wind2 in the interim there came some great men from ,oxford1 and pressed the barque for the ,king's service to carry them to ,dublin1 and said if ,i did deny they would throw my corn overboard2 and they being of that power forced the barque to go out with them4 ,there was the ,lord ,herbert1 and the ,lord ,john ,somerset1 the ,lord ,herbert's brother1 and many knights and colonels and captains1 all being strangers to me4 ,but as it seemed1 and so it fell out1 ,god was not pleased to grant them a passage1 for we left ,carnarvon upon the #beth day of ,march1 being our ,ladyday1 with a very fair wind1 although north-east1 and as fair a day as possibly could be4 ,but when we came over the bar of ,carnarvon the wind began to calm1 and to come to the south and south-east4 ,and when we had not sailed past three or four leagues1 but the wind came to the south-west1 and began to blow very hard about two or three of the clock in the next morning1 so that we could not possibly get the ,holyhead2 and it increased more and more still1 insomuch that when we came to the ,skerries the storm grew to that remorselessness8 that the barque had much ado to recover for being swallowed up in those great waves4 ,but when we had passed the ,skerries the wind grew greater and greater1 and with much ado we recovered the shore with the ship1 but could not possibly gain any harbour1 but were driven to the main sea4 ,and seeing the danger we were now in1 the passengers threw over some of my corn and cheese1 so we lay on the sea ,tuesday and ,wednesday2 and on ,thursday we could not gain any land but in the ,north of ,england1 at a place called ,pillen2 there we came to anchor on ,thursday about five of the clock in the afternoon4 ,but ,lord ,herbert would not go on shore1 nor suffer any that was in the barque to land before him4 ,but on the ,friday the storm increased more and more1 insomuch that no man did expect life1 but every man prepared himself for death4 ,but ,god 7out of his great mercy7 was pleased to spare our lives for that time most miraculously2 for about ten of the clock in the morning1 about one hour before full sea1 the barque not being able to ride1 we were forced to cast our main-mast overboard1 and presently after cut both her cables1 and committed ourselves to ,god's mercy4 ,but it pleased ,god we run on a part of the sand called ,cockram ,sand1 near to ,pillen1 but she struck many times before she came near any shore2 but at the last we recovered shore1 but had neither anchor nor cable to hold her1 so she did lie all a-dry1 and as soon as she did ebb a-dry all the great men went away that were papists1 and are got to some garrison under the king's command4 ,but one ,mr4 ,nutterfield and his wife1 and one ,mr4 ,argent and his daughter1 and one ,mr4 ,collour and his wife1 and myself1 went to ,pillen with some few men more1 to comfort ourselves with the fire and to refresh ourselves4 ,and the next morning being ,saturday1 ,mr4 ,collour and one ,mr4 ,hambleton and myself hired horses from ,pillen to go to the governor of that place to make him acquainted with our landing4 ,his name is ,colonel ,george ,doddinge1 and when we came to him and told him our cause1 he said he could not do any less than commit us to ,lancaster1 where now ,i am1 at a very good place1 one ,capt4 ,rippendshoupe's4 ,the ,colonel was pleased to remove me out of the ,castle to his house1 a very good place1 where ,i am well used2 but it has pleased the ,colonel to seize on all my corn1 and to take it from me1 so that ,i cannot tell what course to take2 for all our names are sent up to the ,parliament1 and the ,colonel cannot release any till he receives an answer1 how we must be disposed of4 ,the best course that you can take to have me released will be to make some friends to ,sir ,wm4 ,brereton and ,colonel ,more1 and to procure their answer to ,colonel ,doddinge1 and to inform him where ,i lived1 and that ,i never took up any arms on either side1 but have lived in ,ireland this ten years4 ,and so ,i hope that will be answer to procure my enlargement1 for here ,i am a stranger1 and am not known by anybody1 so ,i desire this truly may be certified1 and by the hands of ,sir ,wm4 ,brereton and ,colonel ,more2 and ,i hope that will give satisfaction4 ,i desire my brother ,peter to use his best endeavour herein for my liberty1 and to come to see me4 ,the ,colonel hath granted ,mr4 ,collour and me the favour and me sic to send to his friends1 being at ,namptwich1 and the same messing messenger8 to come down from thence to you with my letter for fear if ours were sent before they should miscarry1 so we sent letters by the ,colonel's directions to ,namptwich from hence on ,wednesday1 being the first of ,april2 my letters were inclosed in ,mr4 ,collour's letters1 and he desired his father-in-law1 ,lieut4-,col4 ,jones1 ,sir ,wm4 ,brereton1 ,lieut4 ,coa1 that as soon as his letters came to his hands1 to send my letters down to you4 ,but for fear these should miscarry1 we have sent the bearer to you with this letter4 ,i had all my money taken from me1 therefore ,i pray you to make shift to procure me four or five pounds1 for ,i have not a penny but what ,i do borrow4 ,i pray you to send a shirt and two or three bands1 for ,i have none left me4 ,i hope my brother ,peter will not fail to come and to bring these things along with him1 that ,i have written for2 so desiring you to remember my love to all our friends1 especially to ,mr4 ,glegg and ,mrs4 ,gregg1 to ,capt4 ,edw4 and ,capt4 ,john ,glegg1 and to ,capt4 ,robert1 and to ,mr4 ,wm4 and ,mrs4 ,elizabeth and ,miss ,jones1 and all the rest2 so desiring a happy meeting1 ,i rest1 8,your loving and obedient son1 till death1 8,,jo4 ,,bythell4 8,lancaster1 #f ,april1 #afde4 8,i pray you give the bearer hereof1 ,mary ,goadfine1 #bs and #f;d1 and make much of her4 ,but let her make what haste she can back again to me40 ,we have next3--,m 8,a list of their names that were aboard the #8,peter1' bound for ,dublin and distressed by storms1 and cast upon the coast of ,lancashire1 and who afterwards escaped to ,skipton ,castle40 7,the name of the ,prisoners taken at ,lancaster1 #ast ,april1 #afde47 ,the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 the ,lord ,herbert4 ,the ,lord ,john his brother4 ,sir ,brian1 uncle of ,sir ,francis ,edmonds4 ,sir ,charles ,hayward1 the ,duke of ,norfolk's grandchild4 ,lieut4 ,vivian ,mouelex1 a man who was very decrepid4 ,col4 ,cave1 ,col4 ,mitchell 7,irish74 ,mr4 ,f4 ,flemmia1 a ,lancashire man4 ,captain ,mulbrian1 ,captain ,bacon4 ,mr4 ,peters1 the ,lord ,peters' brother1 ,mr4 ,poynes4 ,mr4 ,hutton1 ,col4 ,pristoe1 ,captain ,butler4 8,some two or three more whose names are not known to any passenger1 but they were men of ordinary quality4 8,the ,protestants that are now prisoners at ,lancaster1 and went of their own voluntary will1 and not taken by force1 and hired horses4 8,mr4 ,collham1 ,mr4 ,jones1 ,james ,hambleton1 ,jo4 ,bythell1 ,mr4 ,rob4 ,noterfield1 his wife and children and three servants2 not siding with the papists1 ,mr4 ,argent a gentleman1 his daughter1 and ,boyes1 and his maid2 ,mr4 ,barker1 ,mr4 ,floyde1 a minister4 8,two of the ,lord ,herbert's men who were taken in their escape after their ,lordship2 two poor sailors40 ,mr4 ,carte1 in his ,life of the ,duke of ,ormond1#bb and ,dr4 ,birch1#ai following the same authority1 assert that--8,the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 having embarked on board a small vessel1 was near being taken by a ,parliament ship1 which pursued him till he took refuge in a port of ,cumberland40 ,this1 however1 must refer to his second1 and not to his first1 attempt to set sail from ,wales4 ,we can now understand the occasion of delay previously unaccounted for2 thus1 ,dr4 ,birch1 after informing us through ,mr4 ,trevor's letter of the #ith of ,april1 #afde1,n that the ,earl has actually 8gone into ,ireland10 proceeds in the next page to quote a passage from ,lord ,digby's letter1 dated ,dublin1 #hth of ,may1 #afde3--8,though ,i have no full knowledge of what ,lord ,herbert was to bring with him2 yet by his letter to me out of ,wales1 ,i guess his missing this place 7,dublin7 was a great misfortune to the ,king's service1 even in relation to the credit ,i found the ,irish were apt to give to his services and undertakings2 and therefore if he be where he can get once more to the water's edge1 and will venture over1 ,i am very confident the little frigate ,i now send to stay the return of the bearer1 will land him in some safe port of ,ireland40 ,in consequence of this arrangement he at length arrived at ,dublin about the end of ,july or beginning of ,august1#bb #afde1 being a space of about six months from the time of his leaving ,oxford4 ,an incident with which the ,earl of ,glamorgan was connected occurred during his stay in ,wales1 affords an amusing episode illustrating the prevailing superstition of the age1 against which his ,lordship was by no means proof4 ,dr4 ,bayly states that3 8,the ,earl1 accompanied by officers1 knights1 and gentlemen of high rank1 all of the red letter1 as they were in their journey for ,ireland1 quartered in the town of ,carnarvon1 a sea-port in ,north ,wales1 where they were entertained with discourse at their table by some of the gentlemen of the country1 who informed them of the fulfilling of an old ,welsh prophecy1 at that very time and place40 ,the legend related to the building of nests in the crown on the head of ,king ,edward ,i41 over the gate of ,carnarvon ,castle1 and was interpreted as significant of the times4 8,dinner being ended1 they all went to the castle gate40 ,thereon the ,earl of ,glamorgan 8commanded the nest to be pulled down1 which was done accordingly2 and being thrown down1 they found the materials of the nest to be such1 as wherewith never any bird did build her nest1 viz4 with white thorn1 which1 for a memorandum or rarity1 every one of them stuck a thorn in his hat-band1 and wore it40#g ,but we must now1 however1 revert to ,raglan ,castle1 to keep in view what had been passing there in the interim4 ,footnotes ,a ,synopsis of the ,peerage4 #gd ,nichols4 #ac ,birch and others4 #fg ,macaulay4 #gd ,nichols4 ,b ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,c ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,d ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,e ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 #be ,carte1 ,birch and others4 ,f ,several lines of numerals have been deciphered as here given4 #ac ,birch and others4 #ac ,birch and others4 ,g ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,h ,birch1 p4 #cei1 gives the date #bh ,feb4 #afde4 ,i ,bodleian ,library1 ,,ms4 ,vol4 8,carte ,papers1 #afcd-eg1 ,ireland10 ,no4 #aei4 #be ,carte1 vol4 vi4 p4 #cec4 ,j ,bod4 ,lib4 ,,ms4 ,vol4 8,carte ,papers1 #afcd-afeg1 ,ireland1 #fc10 ,nos4 #afj and #afa4 ,k ,birch's ,inquiry1 p4 #ef4 #bb ,carte4 ,l ,additional ,manuscripts1 ,brit4 ,museum1 #aa1cca1 ,plnt4 ,,clxxiii4 ,e1 #c vols4 folio4 ,lettered--8,letter-,book of ,sir ,w4 ,brereton1 #afde40 #c vols4 folio4 ,vol4 ,i4 7old page1 #ac2 pencil page1 #ae47 ,indexed--8,from ,john ,bythell to his father ,richard ,bythell in ,wyrehall1 wherein the providence of ,god1 in commanding the seas1 is observable40 ,m ,from additional ,,mss4 ,brit4 ,museum1 #aa1cch-c4 8,letter ,book of ,sir ,w4 ,brereton1 #afde40 #c vols4 folio1 ,vol4 #a1 page #fi4 #bb ,carte4 #ai ,birch4 ,n ,birch's ,inquiry1 p4 #eh4 #g ,bayly1 ,ap4 ,,xix4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,raglan ,,castle--,,royal ,,visits4 ,while the ,earl of ,glamorgan was zealously prosecuting ,charles the ,first's designs in ,ireland1 he had left his ,countess under his father's protection at ,raglan ,castle4 ,at the commencement of this period the noble ,marquis would be in about the #fcrd year of his age1 rather feeble1 and a martyr to gout1 which his fondness for claret may have aggravated2 a pleasant story being related by his chaplain1 that on the physician recommending abstinence from his favourite beverage1 he declared that he would rather incur the attacks of his old enemy than abandon his favourite claret4#g ,between the years #afdj and #afda ,raglan ,castle had been strongly garrisoned1 when much activity was evinced in providing and securing stores1 arms1 and the munitions of war4 ,it must1 therefore1 have worn a very animated and impressive appearance1 occupied as it was by hundreds of soldiers1 with a large number of war-horses4 ,the exercising of the troops would most likely take place daily in the extensive paved or pitched court1 under full view of the drawing-room windows1 a spacious upper apartment1 ranging behind the hexagonal towers of the grand entrance1 all of which remain to this day4 ,a contemporary writer#ic states that in the hall windows of this princely castle might be seen the ancient arms3--,argent1 a lion rampant1 sable1 within a garter4 ,thomas ,lord ,morley1 died #adaf2 and an old carving on the outside walls1 representing three lions rampant1 impaling1 a fess1 in chief three martlets4 ,in the adjoining village of ,raglan the old parish church of ,st4 ,cadocus had its large pedestal sun-dial perfect1 its yew-tree flourishing1 and its burial-ground hedged in with trees4 ,within the sacred edifice1 the ,worcester chapel possessed its funeral ornaments in varieties of fine marble1 sculptured with artistic skill4 ,against the north wall was the statue of an armed knight1 in parliamentary robes1 decorated with the ,garter1 in memory of ,william ,somerset1 who died #bast of ,march1 #aehi1 aged #fa years4 ,another fair monument consisted of two statues1 male and female1 under an arch between the chancel and this chapel2 he in parliamentary robes1 garter1 badge1 sans gloire1 an earl's crown1 and the privy-seal purse4 ,edward ,somerset died #afbg-h4ic ,dr4 ,bayly1 in his capacity of chaplain to the then ,marquis of ,worcester1 appears to have resided in the ,castle from #afdc to #afdf4 ,his collection of the ,marquis's sayings and family anecdotes1 under the title of 8,apophthegms10 includes some antecedent matters related on the authority of others4 ,he expressly remarks3--8,i have lived in ,raglan ,castle three years1 and in all that time ,i never saw a man drunk1 nor heard an oath amongst any of all his servants2 neither did ,i ever see a better ordered family40 ,he describes from hearsay1 in his usual gossiping strain1 the ceremony of a mock wedding1 which was conducted as a kind of masque at the ,castle some years previously1 on the occasion of the marriage of the ,marquis's fourth daughter ,elizabeth to ,francis ,brown1 ,viscount ,montagu1 the particulars of which graphically illustrate the domestic manners and customs prevailing in those times1 affording also a fair example of the ,marquis's own peculiar humour1 and further offering a scene in which there can be little doubt that the then ,lord ,herbert fully participated3 for he would scarcely have absented himself on so important an occasion as that of his sister's marriage4 ,dr4 ,bayly expresses himself as not being sure whether the mock ceremony happened on the occasion of ,lord ,herbert's marriage1 or on that of his fourth sister ,elizabeth4#bc ,however1 it seems that no sooner had the marriage party been seated at the feast provided for the occasion1 than1 as the chaplain states1 8,tom ,deputy1 an old bachelor1 chanced to cast his eye upon a pretty piece of waiting woman1 one of the appurtenances of this honourable bride4 ,he1 this jovial ,tom1 having whetted his wits by the sides of the marriage bowl1 fixes upon her1 being enabled sufficiently thereby to follow any humour1 as a fit subject to make their lordships some sport2 which happened to be so suitable to the occasion and so well performed1 that it soon captivated the ears also40 ,tom1 being informed he may have the lady for asking1 makes that request of the fair bride1 remarking1 8,i protest ,i will marry her1 and fancy myself to be a lord1 and herself a lady4 ,my mind to me a kingdom is1 which shall make her a sufficient jointure40 8,tom1 ,tom10 said the ,marquis1 8such men as you and ,i1 whose joints are enfeebled with the strokes of many years1 must not think to win young maids1 by promising to make them jointures of the mind1 but will you make her ,deputy of ,deputy ,hall8 and landlady of all the land that is belonging to it8 and mistress of all the stock that is upon the land1 and goods that are within the house1 and then you shall hear what my daughter,a and her waiting woman will say unto you40 8,with all my heart10 said ,tom1 8and all the hogs and poultry that are about the house to boot1 and she shall lie upon six feather-beds the first night40 ,matters being arranged after some jocular preliminary promises1 ,tom telling the bride that they were agreed1 the lady drank to him1 he promising to marry her after dinner2 the only difficulty appearing to arise from the want of wedding clothes4 ,the ,marquis1 willing to remove that obstacle1 told ,tom that he thought his clothes would fit him1 and bid him go into his wardrobe1 and take what he had a mind to4 8,give me your key10 said ,tom2 and receiving it1 went up1 and equipped himself with the ,marquis's beaver hat1 satin cloak laid with plush1 daubed with a gold and silver lace1 suit of the same1 silk-stockings1 with roses and garters suitable1 inside and outside1 cap-a-pie1 all as brave as if he carried a lordship on his back4 8,the lady bride takes her woman aside1 and dresses her in one of her richest and newest gowns1 with all things answerable thereto1 not without some store of slight jewels1 and brings her down as glorious as the morn that breaks from the eastern hill1 and chases night away4 8,tom acted this scene of mirth in the ,hall1 which proved to be a thing of that convenience1 as if it had been an act of some set policy to keep the crowd out of the parlour1 that the ,masquers might have room enough to dance in4 ,at last1 when the ,masque was ended1 and ,time had brought in supper1 the ,cushion led the dance out of the ,parlour into the ,hall1,b and saluted the old new-made bridgroom and his lady1 leading them into the parlour to a table which was furnished with the same allowance that was allotted for all the nobles2 where they were soon forced to sit down10 and were bountifully served4 8,supper being ended1 the ,marquis of ,worcester asked the ,lady1 his daughter1 if she had a hundred pounds about her4 ,no1 my ,lord1 she answered1 but ,i can send for as much4 ,i pray do1 said the ,marquis1 but it must be all in gold4 ,she sent for it accordingly1 presenting it to her father1 who pulled out another purse of a hundred pieces2 and put the two hundred pieces in the basin1 saying--#8,madam1 if you do not give earnest1 ,deputy will tell you in the morning1 that he married your woman but in jest4' ,whereupon some gave fifty1 others forty1 some twenty1 others ten1 the least gave five pieces1 who sat at the table1 in all seven hundred pounds2 the apparel and other gifts amounting to no less value than one thousand pounds1 which so transported the old man1 that he protested1 that now he was in the humour1 he would marry all the waiting gentlewomen they had2 one every day in the week1 as long as the wedding lasted40 ,thomas1 however1 was at that period of the entertainment overcome with the potent effects of the good wine of which he had freely partaken4 ,the ,marquis1 desirous of making the practical experiment of trying whether ,thomas could be persuaded that the past was all a dream2 had him carried to his old lodging in the ,porter's ,lodge1 and disrobed of his fine clothes1 which was done accordingly4 ,next morning the experiment realized all their expectations2 and the ,marquis1 after many good exhortations to both parties1 delivered unto them the money that had been collected4 ,during the troubles preceding the civil war1 a circumstance occurred at the castle which establishes the early attachment of the ,earl of ,glamorgan to scientific and mechanical pursuits1 whilst it affords tolerably conclusive proof of his having actually constructed the identical invention which has immortalized his name4 ,dr4 ,bayly informs us1 to quote his own words1 that 8,at the beginning of this ,parliament 7,nov4 #afdj71 there were certain rustics who came into ,raglan ,castle to search for arms1 his ,lordship being a ,papist40 ,the ,marquis met them at the castle gate1 desiring to know whether they came to take away his money1 seeing they intended to disarm him4 ,they stated that they made the application merely in consequence of his being a recusant4 ,to which he replied1 8he was a peer of the realm1 and no convict recusant1 therefore the law could not in reason take notice of any such things40 ,finding some sharp and dubious expressions coming from the ,marquis1 they were at last willing to take his word2 but he1 not wishing to part with them on such easy terms1 had before resolved to return them one fright for another4 ,with that view he conveyed them up and down the castle1 until at length he 8brought them over a high bridge that arched over the moat1 that was between the castle and the great tower1,c wherein the ,lord ,herbert had newly contrived certain water-works1 which1 when the several engines and wheels were to be set a-going1 much quantity of water1 through the hollow conveyances of the aqueducts1 was to be let down from the top of the high tower2 which1 upon the first entrance of these wonderful asinegoes1 the ,marquis had given order that these cataracts should begin to fall1 which made such a fearful and hideous noise1 by reason of the hollowness of the tower1 and neighbouring echoes of the castle1 and the waters that were between1 and round about1 that there was such a roaring as if the mouth of hell had been wide open1 and all the devils conjured up1 occasioning the poor silly men to stand so amazed1 as if they had been half dead2 and yet they saw nothing4 ,at last1 as the plot was laid1 up came a man staring and running1 crying out1 ,look to yourselves1 my masters1 for the lions are got loose4 ,whereupon the searchers tumbled so over one another escaping down the stairs1 that it was thought one half of them would break their necks1 never looking behind them until out of sight of the castle40#bc ,it was probably not long after the commencement of the civil war that the occurrence we have next to notice happened at the castle1 affecting the then ,lord ,herbert1 which is related by the family chronicler in his #dhth ,apophthegm thus3--8,my ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan 7eldest son of the ,marquis7 came into ,raglan ,castle1 attended with #dj or #ej officers and commanders2 and his business with his father being about procuring from the old man more money for the ,king1 the ,lord ,herbert in his request unto his father 7unhappily and unawares7 chanced to use the word must2 which his father 7the ,marquis7 laying hold on1 asked him1 ,must you8 ,i pray take it2 and threw him the keys of his treasury1 out of his pocket2 whereat his son was wonderfully out of countenance1 and abashed 7being otherwise ever a dutiful and respectful son to his father7 replied3#8,sir1 the word was out before ,i was aware1 ,i do not intend to put it in force2 ,i pray will you put up your key again8' 8,to which the ,marquis returned his son these words4 #8,truly1 son1 ,i shall think my keys not safe in my pocket1 whilst you have so many swords by your side2 nor that ,i have the command of my house whilst you have so many officers in it2 nor that ,i am at my own disposal1 whilst you have so many commanders4' 8,my ,lord 7replied the son71 ,i do not intend that they shall stay in the castle1 ,i mean they shall be gone4 8,i pray let them 7said the ,marquis71 and have care that must do not stay behind4 8,whereat1 after my ,lord ,herbert was gone out of the room1 there were some who1 as mannerly as they could1 blamed the ,marquis for his too much severity to his son1 after that he had seen him express so much of sorrow for that over-slip2 whereupon the ,marquis replied3--#8,hark ye1 if my son be dejected1 ,i can raise him when ,i please2 but it is a question1 if he should once take a head1 whether ,i could bring him lower when ,i list4 ,ned was not wont to use such courtship to me1 and ,i believe he intended a better word for his father2 but must was for the ,king4'0#bc ,in ,august1 #afdd1 ,charles the ,first wrote to the ,marquis1 in the following gracious and flattering terms3,d 8,,worcester1 8,i am sensible of the great affection which you and your son have expressed unto me1 by eminent services1 and of the means he may have of doing me more in that way wherein he is now engaging himself1 that ,i cannot choose1 before his going1 but express unto you1 in a very particular manner1 the value ,i have of you both1 and to assure you1 that if ,god bless me1 ,i will not be behind-hand with either of you4 ,in the meantime1 finding your son so much more desirous that there should be placed upon you some mark of my favour1 rather than upon himself1 ,i have thought fit to let you know that as soon as ,i shall confer the ,order of the ,garter upon any1 you shall receive it as a testimony of my being1 8,your assured constant friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,liskeard1 ,aug4 #bnd1 #afdd40 ,and again1 the same month1 he further assured and promised him as follows3--,e 8,,worcester1 8,yours and your son's daily endeavours to serve me1 makes me think which way to give you assurance of my gracious acceptance4 ,and1 therefore1 as a further testimony1 ,i have sent you this enclosed1 only known to him and me1 and fit1 for several reasons of importance to you and me1 to be kept private1 until ,i shall esteem the time convenient1 when1 as ,god shall enable me1 ,i will show my tender care of you and yours2 as1 by a match propounded for your grandchild1 you will easily judge2 the particulars ,i leave to your son1 ,glamorgan his relation1 which ,i have commanded him to make to you only2 and you may be confident that ,i so much esteem your merits1 and your upholding your son in my service 7wherein no subject ,i have equals either of you71 as that ,i cannot think anything too much that lies in my power2 though1 as yet1 some considerations hinder me from doing all ,i would towards you and yours4 ,but1 by your son's endeavours1 ,i make no question but in short time to pass them so over1 as that ,i shall make good the intentions ,i have1 to manifest that ,i esteem your services such as my words cannot express them2 nor ,i1 but by showing myself at all occasions1 and in all things to be1 8,your assured friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,for the ,marquis of ,worcester40 ,which communication conveyed the following enclosure1 prepared some time previously4,f 8,,charles ,r4 8,our will and pleasure is1 that you prepare a bill for our signature1 for creating our right trusty and entirely-beloved cousin1 ,henry1 ,marquis of ,worcester1 ,duke of ,somerset1 to him and the heirs male of his body issuing1 with all the privileges and immunities thereunto belonging1 and with a grant of an annuity of fifty pounds yearly1 to be paid to him and them1 out of our customs of ,swansea1 in our county of ,glamorgan1 for the support of the said dignity1 for which this shall be your sufficient warrant4 ,given at our ,court in ,oxford1 the sixth day of ,january1 in the twentieth year of our reign4 8,to our ,attorney or ,solicitor-,general 8for the time being40 ,after the fatal battle of ,naseby1 #adth ,june1 #afde1 the position of ,charles the ,first becoming desperate1 he early sought the repose and security afforded by ,raglan ,castle1 with the equally or more important purpose of stimulating a further drain on the fast diminishing resources of its munificent proprietor4 ,it will be requisite to relate some particulars in reference to these royal visits from their connection with this memoir1 incidentally proving the position and prospects of the ,earl of ,glamorgan2 while they account for much of both his father's and his own misplaced confidence in the fickle monarch and false friend1 whose obligations to the aged ,marquis of ,worcester and his noble minded son were equally of personal as well as political importance to him1 during the many mischances of his career at that most critical period of his reign4 ,on ,thursday1 the #crd of ,july1 #afde1 late in the afternoon1 ,charles the ,first arrived at ,raglan ,castle1 where he was received with all possible state and ceremony4 ,we are informed that3--,when the ,king first entered the castle1 the ,marquis having kissed the ,king's hand1 on rising1 he saluted his ,majesty with the compliment--,domine non sum dignus4 ,the ,king replied3--8,my ,lord1 ,i may very well answer you again2 ,i have not found so great faith in ,israel2 for no man would trust me with so much money as you have done40 ,to which the ,marquis rejoined3--8,i hope your ,majesty will prove a defender of the faith40#bc ,he was entertained to supper on the occasion1 remaining at the castle until ,wednesday1 the #afth of the same month1 when his ,majesty left to proceed to ,cardiff4 ,from a ,warrant issued on the #eth of ,july1 #afde1 we learn the losses sustained by and the situation of the ,earl of ,glamorgan's regiment of horse4 ,it is a manuscript in the ,harleian ,collection1 as follows3--,g 8,whereas the ,earl of ,glamorgan's regiment of horse being over at least #bjj1 is now by reason of continual duty1 #b troops taken from it1 and #fj3 7sic7 more lost in fight1 much weaker1 therefore it is desired that the remainder of this horse may be by order secured in ,colonel ,lingen's regiment2 till such time the rest of the money by the said ,earl1 appointed for the raising of his regiment1 may be received40 ,on ,friday1 the #ahth of ,july1 his ,majesty returning to the ,castle dined there1 continuing his visit until the #bbnd1 when he set out for a place called ,the ,creek4 ,in the evening1 however1 he had supper at the ,castle1 and remained there until ,thursday1 the #bdth4 ,he purposed going to ,bristol1 but apprehending the approach of the ,scots1 on arriving at ,the ,creek1 he went thence to ,newport1 ,cardiff1 ,radnor1 and ,ludlow ,castle4 ,after a lapse of six weeks1 his ,majesty1 on ,sunday1 the #gth of ,september1 paid his third visit to ,raglan ,castle in time to partake of supper4 ,he staid until ,monday1 the #aeth of ,september1,h when he took a final leave of his bountiful host4 ,during this last visit his ,majesty appears1 on different occasions1 to have gone to ,abergavenny on the #hth and #aath1 attended with his guards4#ef ,much misapprehension prevails respecting these royal visits1 which it is clear were made on three distinct occasions1 his ,majesty staying the first time thirteen days1 on the second six days1 and on the last eight days4 ,a singular instance of the ,marquis's freedom in addressing the ,king occurs in the following statement made by his chaplain3--#bc 8,the ,marquis had a mind to tell the ,king as handsomely as he could1 of some of his 7as he thought7 faults2 and thus he contrived his plot against the time that his ,majesty was wont to give his ,lordship a visit1 as commonly he used to do1 after dinner4 ,his ,lordship had the book of ,john ,gower,i lying before him on the table2 the ,king1 casting his eye upon the book1 told the ,marquis that he had never seen it before4 8,oh10 said the ,marquis1 8it is a book of books1 which if your ,majesty had been well versed in1 it would have made you a ,king of ,kings40 8,why so1 my ,lord80 said the ,king4 8,why10 said the ,marquis1 8here is set down how ,aristotle brought up and instructed ,alexander the ,great in all his rudiments1 and the principles belonging to a prince40 8,and under the persons of ,alexander and ,aristotle1 he read the ,king such a lesson1 that all the standers by were amazed at his boldness2 and the ,king1 supposing that he had gone further than his text would have given him leave1 asked the ,marquis whether he had his lesson by heart1 or whether he spoke out of the book4 8,sir10 the ,marquis replied1 8if you could read my heart1 it may be you might find it there2 or if your ,majesty please to get it by heart1 ,i will lend you my book40 8,which latter proffer the ,king accepted1 and did borrow it4 8,nay10 said the ,marquis1 8,i will lend it you upon these conditions3 #a4 ,that you read it2 and #b4 ,that you make use of it40 8,but perceiving how some of the new made ,lords fretted and bit their thumbs at certain passages in the ,marquis's discourse1 he thought a little to please his ,majesty1 though he displeased them1 the men who were so much displeased already1 protesting unto his ,majesty that no man was so much for the absolute power of a ,king as ,aristotle4 ,desiring the book out of the ,king's hand1 he told the ,king he would show him one remarkable passage to that purpose2 turning to that place that had this verse1 viz43-- 8,a king can kill1 a king can save1 ,a king can make a lord a knave1 ,and of a knave1 a lord also1 c40 8,whereupon there were divers new-made ,lords who slunk out of the room1 which the ,king observing1 told the ,marquis-- 8,my ,lord1 at this rate you will drive away all my nobility40 8,i protest unto your ,majesty10 the ,marquis replied1 8,i am as new a made lord as any of them all1 but ,i was never called knave and rogue so much in all my life1 as ,i have been since ,i received this last honour2 and why should they not bear their shares80 ,an incident is related as occurring during one of the entertainments given to the royal visitor1 which is too characteristic to be omitted4 ,a dessert of ,welsh grown fruit having been provided1 had to be presented to the ,king4 ,sir ,thomas ,somerset1 the ,marquis's brother1 living at ,troy ,house1 five miles from ,raglan1 delighted much in fine gardens and orchards1 ordering and replenishing them with all the varieties of choicest fruits4 ,he sent his brother a present of fair1 ripe fruit1 which the ,marquis could not suffer to be presented to the ,king by any other hands than his own1 the particulars of which are circumstantially detailed by ,dr4 ,bayly1 who was very likely an eye-witness4 ,he says3--8,in comes the ,marquis to the ,king1 at the latter end of the supper1 led by the arm1 having such a goodly presence with him1 that his being led became him1 rather like some ceremony of state1 than show of impotence2 and his slow pace1 occasioned by his infirmity1 expressed a ,spanish gravity rather than feebleness4 ,thus1 with a silver dish in each hand filled with rarities1 and a little basket upon his arm1 as a supply in case his ,majesty should be over-bountiful of his favours to the ladies that were standers by40 ,making his third obeisance1 he1 in his own peculiar mode of pleasantry1 presenting the fruit1 observed3 8,i assure your ,majesty that this present came from ,troy40 ,the royal reply was no less witty4 ,the ,king1 smiling1 said1 8,truly1 my ,lord1 ,i have heard that corn now grows where ,troy town stood1 but ,i never thought there had grown any apricots there before40#bc ,during his stay at ,raglan the ,king made the tour of neighbouring towns4 ,at the ,castle he was sumptuously entertained2 the apartment he occupied is still marked by its fine large remaining window1 and its proximity to the picture gallery2 also the ,pleasaunce or ,bowling-green1 where he sought amusement and exercise4 ,it was most likely about or soon after the ,king's last visit that the next circumstance occurred we shall have to record affecting the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 which is related as follows by ,dr4 ,bayly3--#bc 8,my ,lord ,herbert1 after that he had sufficiently exhausted his father1 by all the means he could possibly use1 for his ,majesty's relief1 and had taken up all his father's moneys far and near1 where he could either prevail with force or argument1 he chanced to hear of a sum of money to the value of #fjjj1 which the ,marquis had committed to the ,lord ,john 7his son71 his care and trusty preservation abroad4 ,this money my ,lord ,herbert happened to hear of1 and acquaints the ,king therewith1 engaging the ,king in the business1 and tells the ,king1 that if he would send for his brother the ,lord ,john1 to come unto him1 and would say but thus and thus unto him1 that he would undertake he might have the #fjjj4 ,the ,king's occasions were then urgent 7being then before ,gloucester1 and hard pinched for lack of money72 through my ,lord ,herbert's persuasion1 my ,lord ,john was sent for1 came1 and the business took effect2 the ,king promising to repay it by such a time4 ,when time and suspicion persuaded the ,marquis to call in his money1 excuses made delays for a time1 but at last all excuses being set apart1 by importunity1 the ,marquis wished his son ,john to go and fetch the money1 or else never to see his face any more2 part of which injunction the ,lord ,john performed1 but never the other4 ,not long after the ,lord ,herbert coming to his father1 his father received him with wonted1 but unexpected1 cheerfulness4 ,it so happened that my ,lord ,herbert began to excuse himself unto his father1 concerning this business2 on whom the father bestowed this language3--#8,son1 ,i pray save yourself the labour1 for ,i do not blame you at all1 neither am ,i angry with you2 for ,i never trusted you with the money4 ,i love no man the worse for following his profession2 and you have made it your profession 7all along7 to deceive your father1 to help the ,king2 but ,i do not love a man that will take away another man's profession from him1 and deceive his own father of his money1 and his brother of his calling4'0 ,in #afej1 the chronicler of this anecdote dedicated his book to the subject of it1 in the following strain3--8,the many favours which ,i received from your noble family1 especially from your ,lordship1 wrought upon a disposition1 some-deal a pretender unto gratitude1 how it might1 in some measure or other1 answer the respect and clear the heart1 that had lain charged so long with benefits40 ,such expressions seem to qualify the sense in which the affair just related should be taken1 coming as it does from no unfriendly hand1 and certainly could never have been indited in the way of serious censure on the prevailing character of ,lord ,herbert4 ,while we cannot omit relating so striking a family incident1 it evidently should not be too rigidly construed1 when the recorder of it dedicates the recital to ,lord ,herbert himself at a future day1 without offering any apology for introducing a narrative1 which1 to modern ears1 reads exceedingly harsh and offensive2 but it is clear that the ,sub-,dean of ,wells1 never contemplated any unfavourable construction1 relying probably on the generally well known character of his ,lordship at the time of publication4 ,footnotes #g ,bayly4 #ic ,symonds4 #ic ,symonds4 #bc ,bayly1 ,ap4 ,,xx4 ,a ,elizabeth1 his fourth daughter4 ,b ,the ,banqueting ,hall4 ,see plan1 preceding ,chapter ,i4 ,c ,the ,citadel1 or ,yellow tower of ,gwent4 ,the bridge crossing the moat was a gothic arched bridge1 terminating with a drawbridge1 leading direct from the tower to the bridge4 ,see ,plan of the ,castle1 preceding ,chapter ,i4 #bc ,bayly1 ,ap4 ,,li4 #bc ,bayly1 ,ap4 ,,xlviii ,d ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,e ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,f ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 #bc ,bayly1 ,ap4 ,,viii4 ,g ,mus4 ,brit4 ,bibl4 ,harl4 #fheb4 ,plut4 ,,lxiv4 ,f4 ,h ,symonds in his ,diary states that1 on 8,sunday1 #adth ,sep41 ,about noon his ,majesty left ,raglan1 and marched to ,monmouth2 thence that night to ,hereford40 #ef ,somers' ,tracts1--,iter ,carolinum4 #bc ,bayly1 ,ap4 ,,xiv4 ,i ,gower1 the poet4 #bc ,bayly1 ,ap4 ,,ix4 and ,ap4 ,,xlix4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,the ,,earl ,,of ,,glamorgan',s ,,second ,,visit ,,to ,,ireland4 ,the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 actuated by private claims and public business visited ,ireland early in #afde1 as already stated4 ,returning to ,england he again set out for ,ireland in ,march of the same year1 but being defeated in his intentions1 he had to delay his departure until some months later1 arriving at length in ,dublin either in ,july or ,august4 ,the ,marquis of ,ormond had been fully apprized of his ,lordship's mission through ,charles the ,first's letter from ,oxford1 dated the #bgth of ,december1 #afdd1 as also by personal communications with his ,lordship during his first visit4 ,the powers granted by the ,crown to the ,earl of ,glamorgan and the nature of his patent1 dated #ast of ,april1 #afdd-e1 are matters of history1 so remarkable as to have been already made the subject of distinct treatises1 and their peculiar features ably discussed by ,dr4 ,birch and others4 ,the dates of his ,lordship's several commissions and powers are3--,i4 ,on the #fth of ,january1 #afdd-e1 a commission1 of which a ,latin translation is given in the ,nuncio's ,memoirs4,a ,,ii4 ,another commission dated the #abth of ,january1 #afdd-e4;,b ,,iii4 ,another warrant dated the #abth of ,march1 #afdd-e4 ,and ,,iv4 a patent granting him1 as ,earl of ,glamorgan1 most extensive and extraordinary powers1 dated the #ast of ,april1 #afdd-e4 ,at this period the ,marquis of ,ormond addressed a letter to the ,earl1 as follows3--,c 8,,my ,,lord1 8,mr4 ,o',neill hath with him1 to be delivered to the ,commissioners that treated here1 two kinds of dispatches1 the one an answer to their paper of the #aath of ,november1 which contains likewise conditional answers to the several requests made upon the propositions that were1 for the most part1 debated on in your ,grace's presence4 ,this is drawn and sent with the full approbation of the ,council2 the other contains some observations of mine1 together with undertakings in some points wherein ,i held it unseasonable to press the ,council to a concurrence1 considering that1 in the paper transmitted by their advice1 there is a clear and full obligation1 both upon them and me1 to transmit as bills whatsoever his ,majesty shall hereafter direct for the good of his subjects4 ,in these two ,i have stretched my authority to the uttermost that1 either with safety to the treaty or myself it will endure1 which meeting with equal desires of accommodation there1 ,i doubt not will produce the intended effects of seasonable succour to his ,majesty2 and therein of safety to his kingdom4 ,having told your ,grace that ,i am at the highest ,i will venture on in this great affair1 ,i should beseech your ,grace for accomplishment of those noble ends that induced you through so great and apparent dangers to undertake this your journey1 now to set all your strength upon bringing it to a good 7that is a speedy7 conclusion2 but my experience of your judgment and indefatigable industry informs me that such a request is needless4 8,we have here reports 7made ,i believe without ground of truth7 of the manner of the ,italian ,bishop's reception at ,kilkenny2 but though ,i believe not all here said of his errand1 yet ,i conceive your ,grace may observe something1 the knowledge whereof might direct me how to govern myself1 in the account ,i take myself obliged to give his ,majesty of the coming of so unbidden a guest into his kingdom4 8,i have not yet had time to put your commands touching the parties mentioned in your last letter1 received by ,col4 ,fitzwilliams1 into a way of execution2 but ,i shall not fail to satisfy your ,grace1 either in doing the things or in giving such reasons why ,i could not1 as shall still manifest my being 8,your ,grace's most faithful ,kinsman1 8and humblest servant1 8,,ormond4 8,dub4 ,cast4 #bb of ,novem4 #afde40 ,this communication contains the ,marquis's remarkable expression of confidence in the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 when he says--8my experience of your judgment and indefatigable industry40 ,only that courtiers are as little to be put faith in as princes1 one might take this as sufficient evidence of the ,king's false estimate of his ,lordship's 8judgment10 as expressed in his letter to the ,marquis4,d ,his ,lordship's negotiations with the ,irish related to the raising of a body of #aj1jjj men to be transported to ,england in the royal cause2 their first destination being for the relief of ,chester1 which measure was to be promoted through certain arrangements to conclude a peace with the rebellious party in ,ireland3 to be mainly effected through important concessions being made to the ,irish ,roman ,catholic ,clergy1 to afford extended religious liberty to their cause in ,ireland4 ,it had been arranged that the political articles of peace1 to be made with the ,lord ,lieutenant1 should be published at once2 but other articles1 affecting the ,roman ,catholic religion1 concluded with the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 were meanwhile to be kept secret1 until ratified by his ,majesty himself4 ,the ,lord ,lieutenant was disposed to act liberally2 but the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 from his political and religious bias1 combined with his warm1 enthusiastic disposition1 was fully disposed to approve and support demands in which he saw no extravagance1 but1 on the contrary1 anticipated much real benefit to his own party4 ,all his ,lordship's negotiations1 treaties1 plans1 promises1 all his well laid schemes1 and all the plottings of his party broke down through delays and repeated disasters1 further promoted by the pertinacity with which the clergy held out to the last for the entire acceptance and complete settlement of their every demand2 indeed the ,nuncio went so far as to insist on the necessity of having a ,roman ,catholic ,lord ,lieutenant4 ,on the #bdth of ,december1 #afde1 the ,earl of ,glamorgan went from ,kilkenny to ,dublin to confer with the ,marquis of ,ormond4 ,on the #beth he was received by the ,lord ,lieutenant with the greatest possible civility1 and every assurance of regard for his ,lordship4 ,but on the #bgth1 the whole course of events had changed1 causing his ,excellency to adopt a totally different line of conduct2 an unexpected circumstance having meanwhile brought to light transactions of which he was not previously cognisant1 which naturally aroused his worst suspicions1 at so critical a period4 ,dr4 ,birch has very lucidly narrated the particulars4 ,the ,popish ,archbishop of ,tuam1 ,president of ,connaught1 and one of the ,supreme ,council at ,kilkenny1 going into ,ulster to visit his diocese1 and put into execution an order for arrears of his ,bishopric1 granted to him by that ,council1 met with a body of ,irish troops marching to besiege ,sligo1 and joined with them4 ,when they came near that town1 the garrison made a sally on the #agth of ,october1 charged the troops1 utterly routed them1 killing the ,archbishop of ,tuam in the encounter2 among whose baggage was found an authentic copy1 attested and signed by several bishops1 of the treaty concluded with them by the ,earl of ,glamorgan2 together with an order from the ,supreme ,council for the arrears of his ,archbishopric2 a bull of the ,pope2 and several letters between the ,archbishop and his agents at ,rome1 ,paris1 and other places4,e ,the result of these disclosures was1 that when the ,council was assembled at ,dublin on the #bfth of ,december1 #afde1 the ,lord ,digby came to the board1 and charging the ,earl with suspicion of high treason1 moved that his person might be secured4 ,this done1 he proceeded to substantiate the charge on most irrefragable evidence2 wherefore the ,lord ,lieutenant and ,council gave a warrant for the commitment of the ,earl to the custody of the ,constable of ,dublin ,castle1 in condition of a close prisoner4#ac ,we have uninterruptedly1 thus far1 followed ,lord ,herbert1 seen him created ,earl of ,glamorgan1 and eventually engaged by ,charles the ,first in an extraordinary and extra-official capacity in ,ireland2 where he was delegated by the ,king to act in certain matters intended to promote the royal cause4 ,so secret and so unheard of was this mysterious affair1 that it is without a parallel in history4 ,a ,protestant monarch and a ,roman ,catholic nobleman are the sole actors in this strange drama2 a monarch whose crown was tottering to its fall consequent on successive losses1 opposed to surprising successes continually accruing to his enemies2 for the battle fields of ,marston ,moor and of ,naseby were alone sufficiently disheartening to have paralysed even a stouter heart2 yet he finds in addition that1 to the surrender of ,bristol1 he may soon have to add that of the strong city of ,chester4 ,his immediate necessities1 added to the increasing expenses of the long continued war1 were rapidly impoverishing not only his nobles but the country4 ,while his own and the public distress thus gradually lessened every prospect of success1 one last ray of hope seemed to present itself to the unhappy monarch4 ,there was still a chance of succour from ,ireland1 the acceptance of which1 however1 was fraught with many difficulties4 ,the loyalty of the ,irish1 it was quite evident1 could only be ensured by nothing short of conciliatory measures of a more than ordinary nature1 especially if desired to bring over to his service ten thousand of his ,irish subjects4 ,the ,king had written from ,liskeard1 in ,august1 #afdd1 to the enfeebled ,marquis of ,worcester1 respecting himself and his son1 of 8the value ,i have of you both10 assuring him1 8that if ,god bless me1 ,i will not be behindhand with either of you40 ,the most ordinary delays pressed heavily on his ,majesty1 whose nerves seem to have been completely unstrung by successive misfortunes and the pitiable state of his entire kingdom4 ,in ,june1 #afde1 he expressed himself to the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 8,i am glad to hear that you are gone to ,ireland20 so keenly alive was he to the importance of the mission on which he had engaged him1 and in one short sentence expresses the sincere trust of his heart1 when he says--8,so that1 by the grace of ,god1 ,i hope shortly to recover my late loss with advantage1 if such succours come to me from that kingdom1 which ,i have reason to expect1 but the circumstance of time is that of the greatest consequence1 being that which is chiefliest and earnestliest recommended you40 ,no one better knew than ,charles the ,first himself1 that he was incurring great risk1 that he was adopting a bold1 daring course1 which success would scarcely palliate1 which nothing but his own ideas of expediency could extenuate1 and from the effects of which1 at best1 he could only hope to escape by artifice or by some strange amplification of his royal prerogative4 ,whatever might be the issue1 the ,king well knew that the means he had taken would divide the opinions of all classes1 and leave the final decision open to endless litigation4 ,such1 indeed1 has been the result even of its failure1 but the success of the ,earl's negotiations would have brought far more important interests to bear on the questions involved in such strange transactions1 than has ever yet occupied the pens of historians or biographers4 ,the plan for realizing this last hopeful event appeared well arranged4 ,the agent employed was unexceptionable1 he was eminently loyal1 he had laid his fortune in his royal master's lap1 and zealously offered to do his bidding to the utmost of his power4 ,the ,king was not wanting in condescension1 affability and every gracious expression in the acknowledgment of the money and means raised by1 and the energetic operations throughout1 of the ,earl of ,glamorgan4 ,he and his father were further each offered a dukedom2 and a matrimonial alliance was to rivet their future connexion4 ,but the ,king had his confidence in this singular mission strengthened materially by his intimate knowledge that both as being in accordance with his religious and political sympathies1 the ,earl was the most fitting instrument he could employ in so delicate an undertaking4 ,in what respect the ,earl of ,glamorgan acted inconsistently or over-zealously in this perilous affair does not appear2 while1 on the contrary1 his wonderful tact1 patient submission1 and judgment throughout make his remarkable discretion in every act conspicuous4 ,the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 on the #eth of ,january1 #afde-f1 was formally examined before the ,lord ,lieutenant and the ,council of ,ireland1 a copy of which proceeding the ,committee forwarded to ,secretary ,nicholas1 the nature of which will be understood from the following copy of interrogations put to him1 with his replies annexed3--,f #a4 8,did your ,lordship enter into ,articles of ,agreement with the ,rt4 ,hon4 ,richard ,lord ,viscount ,mountgarret1 ,donogh ,lord ,viscount ,muskerry1 ,alexander ,mc,donnell1 and ,nicholas ,plunkett1 ,esq42 ,sir ,robert ,talbott1 ,bart2 ,dermott ,o',bryen1 ,john ,dillon1 ,patrick ,darcy and ,geffry ,browne1 ,esqs41 for and on the behalf of his ,majesty's ,roman ,catholic subjects1 and the ,catholic ,clergy of ,ireland1 or with any of them1 and with which of them in the month of ,august last1 or at any time since your ,lordship's coming into ,ireland1 for or concerning any grants1 or commissions1 to be made on behalf of his ,majesty1 his heirs and successors1 to his ,roman ,catholic subjects1 or their clergy2 or did your ,lordship make any articles or agreement with any other person or persons1 for or concerning any such grants or commissions80 ,earl of ,glamorgan's ,answer4 8,that being at ,kilkenny1 he did before ,michaelmas last 7but knows not the exact time71 enter into ,articles of agreement with the ,lord ,viscount ,mountgarret1 and for and on the behalf1 c42 for and concerning certain grants or concessions made on the behalf of his ,majesty1 c42 and he did not make any ,articles or agreements with any other person or persons for or concerning any such grants or concessions other than those in this his examination mentioned1 for the matter of which he refers himself to the ,articles2 and that an oath of secrecy was taken by himself and the others to keep the said ,articles secret1 and conceives he hath done nothing but what he hath warrant for2 and done without intention of prejudice to his ,majesty's peace and service1 or to the ,protestant religion1 all circumstances considered40 #b4 8,was there any counterpart of the said ,articles delivered by the persons above named1 or any of them1 or by any other1 unto your ,lordship8 ,and if so what have you done therewith8 ,who were the witnesses at the signing1 sealing and delivering thereof2 and where or in whose custody or keeping are the said ,articles or counterpart8 ,and were not ,john ,somerset1 ,geffry ,brown and ,robert ,barry present at the signing1 sealing1 and delivering of the said ,articles1 and subscribed their names80 ,answer4 8,that there was a counterpart to deliver to him1 and it remains among his things at ,kilkenny or ,bonretty2 he remembers not all witnesses1 but refers to the counterpart1 only he remembers ,geffry ,brown 7who was entrusted to write the ,articles71 signed as a witness1 and so did ,lord ,john ,somerset1 whom he called to sign1 but he did not read the ,articles40 #c4 8,what is the substance of the said ,articles80 ,answer4 8,he refers to the ,articles for the substance40 #d4 8,did your ,lordship grant1 conclude1 and agree on the behalf of his ,majesty1 his heirs1 and successors1 to and with the persons in the first interrogatory named1 or any of them1 or any others1 that the ,roman ,catholic ,clergy of the said kingdom should and might from thenceforth for ever hold and enjoy all1 and every such lands1 tenements1 tithes1 hereditaments whatsoever by them respectively enjoyed within this kingdom1 or by them possessed at any time since the #bcrd of ,october1 #afda1 and all other such lands1 tenements1 tithes1 and hereditaments belonging to the ,clergy within this kingdom1 other than such as are now actually enjoyed by all his ,majesty's ,protestant ,clergy2 or did your ,lordship make any grant1 conclusion1 or agreement to the like effect40 ,answer4 8,he refers as before1 but conceives the ,articles are not obligatory to his ,majesty 7to which he afterwards desired might be added these words1 and yet without any just blemish of my honour1 my honesty1 or my conscience470 #e4 8,did the said ,richard ,lord ,viscount ,mountgarret and the rest of the persons above named1 or any of them1 or any others agree with your ,lordship on the behalf of the ,confederate ,roman ,catholics of ,ireland1 that two parts in three parts to be divided of all the said lands1 tithes1 and hereditaments whatsoever mentioned in the precedent question1 shall for three years next ensuing the feast of ,easter1 which shall be ,a4 ,d4 #afdf1 be disposed of and converted for and to the use of his ,majesty's forces1 employed or to be employed in his service2 and the other third part to the use of the said ,clergy respectively2 and so the like disposition to be renewed from three years to three years by the said ,clergy during the wars8 ,or1 did your ,lordship make any agreement to that or the like effect80 ,answer4 8,refers to the ,counterpart40 #f4 8,did your ,lordship agree for and in the behalf of his ,majesty1 his heirs and successors1 that the ,lord ,marquis of ,ormond1 ,lord ,lieutenant of ,ireland1 or any other or others authorised by his ,majesty1 should not disturb the professors of the ,roman ,catholic religion in their present possession and continuance of the possession of their churches1 lands1 tenements1 tithes1 and hereditaments1 jurisdiction1 or any other of the matters aforesaid1 until his ,majesty's pleasure were signified for confirming and publishing the said grants8 ,or1 did your ,lordship make any agreement to that or the like effect80 ,answer4 8,that 7for aught he knows71 he did not agree for1 c42 but saith that he promised to use his best endeavours therein with the ,lord ,lieutenant40 7,and so on to the #aeth ,interrogatory47 #af4 8,did your ,lordship take an oath in these following words1 viz43 ,i1 ,edward ,earl of ,glamorgan1 do protest and swear faithfully to acquaint the ,king's most excellent ,majesty1 with the proceedings of this kingdom1 c40,g ,answer4 8,he remembers something to this effect1 but refers to original or copy1 which he will produce40 ,the proceedings involved by this affair1 the ,earl's examination before the ,council1 the documents in evidence against him1 his own counter-statements1 the correspondence between parties1 and especially ,charles the ,first1 who entirely repudiated and ignored the acts of his duped agent2 together with the proceedings in ,parliament1 and opinions expressed there1 with others published in the political tracts of those agitated times1 have been handled by every eminent historian1 and still afford abundant matter for dispute4 ,those who take up the cause of the ,king1 censure the ,earl of ,glamorgan in most unmeasured terms3 ,hume assails his intellect1 ,carte charges him with forgery4 ,while those who see in the whole transaction but another instance of the ,king's duplicity1 of his contempt of every obligation 7which a ,christian feels bound to respect71 so long as he fancies expediency offers him1 in his high position1 a sufficient excuse for the boldest tergiversation1 exonerate the ,earl from the charge of having acted on his own responsibility4 ,indeed it requires a large amount of credulity to believe that any subject1 much less a man of the mild and honourable tone characteristic of the ,earl's whole conduct1 could have acted as he did1 otherwise than with a full and perfect previous understanding with his misguided sovereign1 and empowered with sufficient proofs1 if even legally insufficient instruments under his hand and seal to warrant his proceedings4 ,that he had such powers is well authenticated1 and that he did not abuse them is his highest merit4 ,he did not coin money1 or appropriate property1 or commit any other extravagance1 such as a man deficient in 8judgment0 possibly would have done1 under the grant of similar powers4 ,we cannot be mistaken as advocates of his acts in the ,irish affairs1 by merely showing that those acts were in strict conformity with the injunctions of the ,royal will2 for so long as troops were required1 no means were to be spared that were found absolutely requisite to gain the desired end4 ,we rejoice that the warm-hearted ,earl did not succeed1 that all his negotiations failed1 and that the exorbitant demands made on him destroyed the measures they were intended to render unbounded and permanent2 at the same time1 as a ,roman ,catholic1 the ,earl of ,glamorgan acted honestly1 consistently1 and by no means extravagantly4 ,the folly and blame and entire shame of the whole affair weighs heavily on the ,king's memory4 ,while the death of the ,archbishop of ,tuam in ,october1 #afde1 led to this exposure in ,ireland1 very different circumstances conveyed the intelligence to ,england4 ,sir ,thomas ,fairfax1 having some dragoons at ,padstow in ,cornwall1 boarded a packet boat from ,ireland1 and seized ,captain ,allen1 one of the passengers1 who threw a parcel and some loose papers overboard2 among those recovered were the ,earl of ,glamorgan's articles of agreement with the ,confederate ,irish ,roman ,catholics1 and letters from himself4 ,these were published by order of ,parliament1 the #agth of ,march1 #afde-fdc3 viz4 8,articles of ,agreement made and concluded between the ,right ,honourable ,edward ,earl of ,glamorgan1 in pursuance1 and by virtue of his ,majesty's authority under his signet and royal signature1 bearing date at ,oxon1 the #abth day of ,march1 in the #bjth year of his reign1 signed1 sealed and delivered by the ,earl1 #beth ,august1 #afde1 in the presence of ,john ,somerset1 ,jeffrey ,browne1 and ,robert ,barry40 ,to this document was appended his declaration as follows3-- 8,i1 ,edward ,earl of ,glamorgan1 do protest and swear faithfully to acquaint the ,king's most excellent ,majesty with the proceedings of this kingdom1 in order to his service and in the endearment of this nation1 and punctual performance of what ,i have 7as authorized by his ,majesty7 obliged myself to see performed1 and in default not to permit the army intrusted to my charge to adventure itself1 or any considerable part thereof1 until conditions from his ,majesty1 and by his ,majesty1 be performed4 8,,glamorgan4 8,sep4 #c4 #afde40 ,from the same source we have a letter addressed to ,lord ,culpepper1 in which the ,earl says3-- 8,,my ,,lord1 8,having overpassed many rubs and difficulties1 the expected work is at last compassed1 which by what means it was retarded1 your ,lordship1 perhaps1 before hath learned2 and will be more faithfully and amply related by the bearer1 ,captain ,bamber1 whom ,i have employed to his ,highness the ,prince1 to give an account of the state of affairs here1 and in what a mist we are for want of intelligence1 whereby we might be ascertained of the ,king's and ,prince's condition1 which one ,allen1 a merchant of ,waterford1 proposeth to undertake a course for4 ,and ---- his ,highness desire1 which moved for #cjj men for the ,prince's ,life ,guard1 which the ,irish party is willing should be sent him1 by the return of such shipping as ,i have humbly desired from his ,highness1 might be sent hither to ,waterford for to waft over the men1 whereof six thousand are in readiness for the relief of ,chester1 which yet we hear holds out1 and the other four thousand by the first of ,may are to follow4 ,your ,lordship would extremely further the service by your representing to his ,highness the necessity of a course of intelligence1 that we might not be as we are now1 buried in ignorance of his ,majesty's and the ,prince's being and condition3 of which ,i hope your ,lordship will vouchsafe me some light1 that our motion may be according thereunto2 by which likewise to be ascertained of your ,lordship's welfare and happiness would be most welcome news to1 8,my ,lord1 8,your ,lordship's most affectionate 8and humble servant1 8,,glamorgan4 8,waterford1 the #bgth of ,febr4 #afde40 ,also to ,lord ,hopton he wrote as follows3-- 8,,my ,,noble ,,lord1 8,if the report of the many difficulties wherewith ,i have struggled in compassing the designs of his ,majesty's service1 have not before this reached you1 a faithful relation of the whole will be made to you by the bearer hereof1 ,captain ,allen1 whom ,i desire your ,lordship to present unto the ,prince his ,highness as an honest man1 and one that proposeth a course of intelligence to pass between this country and his ,majesty's quarters1 whereof there is great need4 ,now 7,god be thanked7 the business is brought to that upshot1 that the #aj1jjj men are designed for his ,majesty's service1 #fjjj whereof are ready for transportation2 the means for which are wanting1 unless your ,lordship will please to solicit his ,highness the ,prince for transmitting what shipping those parts are furnished with1 that all possible expedition may be used4 ,we hear1 ,god be thanked1 that as yet ,chester holds out1 to relieve which the #fjjj men are ready are transportation4 ,this bearer hath intimated the ,prince's desire for having #cjj men hence for his ,highness' ,life-,guard1 which may be transported to his ,highness by the return of such shipping as shall be sent hither1 for the aforesaid service4 ,by his return ,i desire to learn from your ,lordship1 the ,king's present state and being1 that we may shape our designs accordingly4 ,thereby ,i should be most glad to know the ,prince's and your ,lordship's good success and prosperity1 for which none can be more solicitous than ,i who am1 8,my ,lord1 8,your ,lordship's most affectionate 8humble servant1 8,,glamorgan4 8,waterford1 #bh ,feb4 #afde40 ,in the same publication appears ,fairfax's communication to the ,parliament1 that he had given ,captain ,moulton of the ,lyon1 cruising on the ,irish ,seas1 intimation of the enemy's intentions1 which resulted in his capturing a barque from ,dublin1 taking her into ,milford ,haven1 and seizing various letters intrusted to one of the passengers4 ,among these are copies of a long undated letter from his ,lordship to his ,lady1 the ,countess of ,glamorgan1 then resident at ,raglan ,castle4 ,he writes3--#dc 8,,my ,,dear ,,heart1 8,i hope these will prevent any news shall come unto you of me1 since my commitment to the ,castle of ,dublin1 to which ,i assure thee ,i went as cheerfully and as willingly as they could wish1 whosoever they were by whose means it was procured2 and should as unwillingly go forth1 were the gates both of the ,castle and ,town open unto me1 until ,i were cleared3 as they are willing to make me unserviceable to the ,king1 and lay me aside1 who have procured for me this restraint2 when ,i consider thee a ,woman1 as ,i think ,i know you are1 ,i fear lest you should be apprehensive4 ,but when ,i reflect that you are of the ,house of ,thomond1 and that you were once pleased to say these words unto me1 ,that ,i should never1 in tenderness of you1 desist from doing1 what in honour ,i was obliged to do1 ,i grow confident1 that in this you will now show your magnanimity1 and by it the greatest testimony of affection1 that you can possibly afford me2 and am also confident1 that you know me so well1 that ,i need not tell you how clear ,i am1 and void of fear1 the only effect of a good conscience2 and that ,i am guilty of nothing1 that may testify one thought of disloyalty to his ,majesty1 or of what may stain the honour of the family ,i come of1 or set a brand upon my future posterity4 ,courage 7my heart71 were ,i amongst the ,king's enemies you might fear2 but being only amongst his friends and faithful subjects1 you need doubt nothing1 but that this cloud will be soon dissipated1 by the sunshine of the ,king my ,master2 and did you but know how well and merry ,i am1 you would be as little troubled as myself1 who have nothing that can afflict me2 but lest your apprehension might hurt you1 especially since all the while ,i could get no opportunity of sending1 nor yet by any certain probable means1 but by my ,cousin ,brereton's1 ,master ,mannering's1 our ,cousin ,constable of the ,castle1 and my ,lord ,lieutenant's leave3 and hope you and ,i shall live to acknowledge our obligations to them1 there being nothing in this world that ,i desire more1 than you should at least hear from me4 ,and believe it 7sweet heart71 were ,i before the ,parliament in ,london1 ,i could justify both the ,king and myself in what ,i have done4 ,and ,i pray acquaint my father1 who ,i know so cautious1 that he would hardly accept a letter from me1 but yet ,i presume most humbly to ask his blessing1 and as heartily as ,i send mine to pretty ,mall2 and ,i hope this day or to-morrow will set a period to my business1 to the shame of those who have been occasioned of it4 ,but ,i must needs say from my ,lord ,lieutenant1 and the ,privy ,council here1 ,i have received as much justice1 nobleness1 and favour1 as ,i could possibly expect4 ,the circumstances of these proceedings are too long to write unto you1 but ,i am confident all will prove to my greater honour4 ,and my ,right ,honourable accuser1 my ,lord ,george ,digby1 will be at last rectified and confirmed in the good which he is pleased to say he ever had of me hitherto1 as the greatest affliction that he ever had1 did do what his conscience enforced him unto2 and indeed did wrap up the bitter pill of the impeachment of suspicion of high treason in so good words1 as that ,i swallowed it1 with the greatest ease in the world1 and it hath hitherto had no other operation than that it hath purged melancholy3 for ,i was not at the present any way dismayed1 so have ,i not since been any way at all disheartened4 ,so ,i pray let not any of my friends that's there1 believe anything1 until ye have the perfect relation of it from myself4 ,and this request ,i chiefly make unto you1 to whom ,i remain a most faithful1 and most passionately devoted husband and servant1 8,,glamorgan4 8,remember my service to my brother1 my cousin ,browne1 and the rest of my good friends40 ,there is also a letter from her ,ladyship's relative in ,dublin1 ,mr4 ,roger ,brereton1 probably very near the same date1 being the #eth of ,january1 #afde-f4dc 8,,madam1 8,i presume that some rumours of my ,lord of ,glamorgan's being confined in the ,castle of ,dublin for some matters laid to his charge by the ,lord ,george ,digby have before this time come to your ,ladyship's hearing2 ,i thought fit therefore by these few lines to let you know that my ,lord is in perfect health1 hearty and very cheerful1 not doubting to give a satisfactory answer to what may be laid to his charge1 ,i have so much confidence in your ,ladyship's accustomed discretion1 that ,i know there needs no dissuasive arguments to your ,ladyship from either grieving or taking any reports you may receive to heart too much1 not doubting but his ,lordship will ere long see your ,ladyship1 when you may partake of all things more fully than may be by writing4 ,my ,lord your uncle is in health at ,bunraly1 and with him there the ,earl of ,p4 my ,lord ,john and my ,lady ,honora4 ,i wish your honour all health and happiness1 and am1 8,your ,ladyship's still faithful servant 8and kinsman1 8,,roger ,,brereton40 ,mr4 ,brereton likewise wrote1 as follows1 to ,colonel ,pigot3-- 8,,worthy ,,cousin1 8,i have here enclosed sent two letters to the ,countess of ,glamorgan at ,raglan1 her ,lord being lately confined here to the ,castle of ,dublin2 and lest her ,ladyship may take things too much to heart1 these letters are sent to add some comfort4 ,both my ,lord and ,i shall acknowledge our thankfulness unto you1 if you be pleased to use the best and speediest course you may1 for conveying them to my ,lady4999999 8,yours1 c41 8,,roger ,,brereton4 8,dublin1 ,january #e1 #afde-f40 ,the ,king in his message of the #bith of ,january1 #afde-f1 to ,parliament1 as ,sir ,thomas ,fairfax and others believed1 and as ,vittorio ,siri declares1--8thundered against the ,earl in his ,declaration only in appearance1 that he might be thought not to have been privy to the obnoxious concessions made by the ,earl in his ,majesty's name to the ,irish ,roman ,catholics40#ac ,the next day the ,king addressed a private letter to the ,lord ,lieutenant1 affording sufficient evidence of the shifts to which he had recourse to uphold his miserable policy1 which no experience of ensuing hazards and vexations could induce him to abandon4 8,,ormond1#acbe 8,i cannot but add to my long letter1 that1 upon the word of a ,christian1 ,i never intended ,glamorgan should treat anything without your approbation1 much less without your knowledge4 ,for besides the injury to you1 ,i was always diffident of his judgment 7though ,i could not think him so extremely weak7 as now to my cost ,i have found1 which you may easily perceive by the postscript in a letter of mine to you1,h that he should have delivered you at his coming into ,ireland1 which if you have not had1 the reason of it will be worth the knowing2 for which ,i have commanded ,digby's service1 desiring you to assist him4 ,and albeit ,i have too just cause1 for the clearing of my honour1 to command 7as ,i have done7 to prosecute ,glamorgan in a legal way2 yet ,i will have you suspend the execution of any sentence against him1 until you inform me fully of all the proceedings4 ,for ,i believe it was his misguided zeal1 more than any malice1 which brought this great misfortune on him and on us all4 ,for your part1 you have in this1 as in all other actions1 given me such satisfaction1 that ,i mean otherwise1 more than by words1 to express my estimation of you4 ,so ,i rest 8,your most assured1 8constant1 real friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,jan4 #cj1 #afde-f40 ,on the #cast of ,january1 #afde1 ,secretary ,nicholas wrote to the ,lord ,lieutenant and ,council of ,ireland1 as follows3--#ac;a#be;a 8,,my ,,lords1 8,his ,majesty having1 with the ,lords of the ,privy ,council here1 heard and duly weighed your ,lordship's letter to me of the #eth present1 concerning your prudent and grave proceedings1 in the business of the ,lord ,edward ,herbert of ,raglan1 so highly importing his ,majesty1 hath commanded me to send your ,lordships his royal thanks1 as well for your affectionate expressions of your tenderness of his honour1 as your just resentment1 how scandalous and disadvantageous such the said ,lord ,herbert's proceedings might have been to his ,majesty's affairs and service here1 and on that side1 if the wise course your ,lordships have taken to vindicate his ,majesty1 had been deferred4 ,your ,lordships will1 by the ,king's own letter herewith sent1 receive the particulars of all1 that his ,majesty can call to mind or imagine he may have done or said to the ,lord ,herbert in that business4 ,and since the ,warrant1 whereby his ,lordship pretends to be authorised to treat with the ,roman ,catholics there1 is not sealed with the signet1 as it mentions1 nor attested by either of his ,majesty's ,secretaries1 as it ought1 nor written in the style that ,warrants of that nature used to be2 neither refers to any instructions at all2 your ,lordships cannot but judge it to be1 at least1 surreptitiously gotten1 if not worse2 for his ,majesty saith1 he remembers it not4 ,and as the ,warrant is a very strange one1 so hath been also the execution of it4 ,for it is manifest1 the ,lord ,herbert did not acquaint the ,lord ,lieutenant with any part of it1 before he concluded with the said ,roman ,catholics1 nor ever advertised his ,majesty1 the ,lord ,lieutenant1 or any of the ,council here or there1 what he had done in an affair of so great moment and consequence four months before1 till it was discovered by accident4 ,this doth not sound like good meaning2 and ,i am sure is not fair dealing4 ,but his ,majesty having1 by his letter to your ,lordships1 left the charge against the ,lord ,herbert1 to be prosecuted by your ,lordships1 ,i shall say no more of that unhappy subject40 ,to the ,lord ,lieutenant he wrote the same day another and separate letter1 viz4--#beac 8,we are all here much amazed at the news of the ,lord ,herbert's imprudent action 7to say no more of it7 which hath most extremely prejudiced his ,majesty and his affairs here4 ,your ,excellency1 and the ,council there1 will herewith receive a full and particular relation from his ,majesty1 of all that he can call to mind concerning that business1 wherein as the ,lord ,herbert hath dealt very unworthily with his ,majesty1 so it is believed1 that even the ,roman ,catholics themselves will condemn him for his imprudent proceeding therein4 ,for if his pretended ,warrant had been authentic1 yet to do anything thereupon without your ,excellency's privity1 was a madness1 rather than a folly2 and the concealing so long what he had done argues something worse4 ,the ,king hath commanded me to advertise your ,lordship1 that the patent for making the said ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan ,earl of ,glamorgan is not passed the ,great ,seal here1 so as he is no ,peer of this kingdom2 notwithstanding he styles himself1 and hath treated with the rebels in ,ireland1 by the name of ,earl of ,glamorgan1 which is as vainly taken upon him1 as his pretended ,warrant 7if any such be7 was surreptitiously gotten4 ,and ,i am sure1 that honour cannot be conferred upon him under the signet 7as firmly as under the ,great ,seal1 to all intents and purposes7 as his ,lordship's pretended warrant and power is alleged to be1 though there be no signet to it40 ,in a letter from the ,king dated ,oxford1 ,march #bbnd1 #afde-f1 addressed to the ,queen while in ,france1 he says3--#af 8,,dear ,,heart1 99 99 99 8,i find that ,sir ,edw4 ,nicholas his gloss upon ,lord ,glamorgan's business hath made thee apprehend that ,i had disavowed my hand1 but ,i assure thee ,i am very free from that in the understandings of all men here1 for it is taken for granted the ,lord ,glamorgan neither counterfeited my hand1 nor that ,i have blamed him more than for not following his instructions1 as ,secretary ,nicholas will more at large show thee40 ,on the #crd of ,february1 #afde1 the ,king addressed the ,earl himself1 by his title1 which we have just seen disputed3-- 8,,glamorgan1 8,i must clearly tell you1 both you and ,i have been abused in this business2 for you have been drawn to consent to conditions much beyond your instructions1 and your treaty hath been divulged to all the world4 ,if you had advised with my ,lord ,lieutenant 7as you promised me71 all this had been helped4 ,but we must look forward4 ,wherefore1 in a word1 ,i have commanded as much favour to be shown to you as may possibly stand with my service or safety2 and if you will yet trust my advice 7which ,i have commanded ,digby to give you freely71 ,i will bring you so off1 that you may be still useful to me2 and ,i shall be able to recompense you for your affection4 ,if not1 ,i cannot tell what to say4 ,but ,i will not doubt of your compliance in this2 since it so highly concerns the good of all my ,crowns1 my own particular1 and to make me have still means to show myself 8,your most assured friend1 ,,charles ,r4,i 8,oxford1 #crd ,feb4 #afde40 ,but this letter was no doubt written by the ,king under some restraint1 as it might be read both by ,ormond and ,digby4 ,yet no further evidence need be required of ,charles the ,first's consummate duplicity1 or how thoroughly he could make a convenience of his subjects to serve his own subtle and deceitful policy4 ,the tone of these last three letters sufficiently shows the weakness of the cause in which they were interested2 if we credit the statements they contain we are required to believe that ,lord ,herbert presumptuously assumed the title of ,earl of ,glamorgan2 and that his treaty with the ,irish ,catholic party was without the privity1 much less instructions of his sovereign6 ,lingard says1 8,i have in my possession the original warrant itself1 with the ,king's signature and private seal2 bearing the arms of the three kingdoms1 a crown above1 and ,c4 ,r4 on the sides1 and endorsed in the same handwriting with the body of the warrant1--#8,the ,earl of ,glamorgan's especial warrant for ,ireland4'0#fb ,the ,earl's imprisonment created great sensation1 many insisting on his release by force of arms4 ,the ,general ,assembly of the ,confederate ,catholics pressed for his being liberated1 as absolutely necessary for the relief of ,chester1 then besieged1 and in distress2 for which service #cjjj men were reported as being ready to embark1 waiting only for the ships contracted for by the ,earl1 for their transport2 the expedition being thus delayed through his imprisonment1 and likewise the treaty of peace frustrated4 ,the ,earl of ,glamorgan was set at liberty on the #bast of ,january1 on giving up to the ,lord ,lieutenant the ,instrument by which the ,confederate ,catholics obliged themselves to the articles of their treaty2 but he would not resign the command of the ,irish troops1 for ,england1 intended for the ,king's service2 bail being accepted in #bj1jjj1 on his own recognizance1 and the ,marquis of ,clanricarde1 and the ,earl of ,kildare1 for #aj1jjj each1 to appear on thirty days' notice4 ,returning to ,kilkenny1 he zealously endeavoured to obtain from the ,confederate ,catholics acceptance of the ,lord ,lieutenant's offer of terms to conclude a peace2 but they1 persisting in their exorbitant demands1 refused to accept the slightest modification of their own views1 so that the ,earl was at length compelled to abandon his own measures in despair1 only to fall under the suspicion of his own party as well as of his opponents4 ,on the #aath of ,march1 he wrote the following letter to the ,marquis of ,ormond3--,j 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,excellency1 8,the perfect knowledge ,i have of your ,excellency's desire to perform what may be of most advantage to the ,king our master's service1 makes me confident to lay before you what ,i humbly conceive may most conduce thereto2 my duty and affection obliging me not only to adventure my life and fortune therein1 but also plainly to declare my sense thereof2 which being made known to your ,excellency1 ,i shall ever most willingly and readily submit to your better judgment4 ,i1 therefore1 take the boldness to acquaint you1 that as ,i intend 7,god willing7 to go into ,france1 without which journey ,i cannot possibly bring things to that height of advantage to his ,majesty's service1 either in the business of shipping1 ammunition or money1 as ,i have designed to myself1 and can 7,god willing7 infallibly perform2 yet if1 before my own return1 and during my abode in any of those places1 the ,articles of ,peace should be proclaimed here1 and not appear so really advantageous1 as is by them in other countries expected4 ,it would not only prove a cooling card to many1 whose zeal otherwise would transport them to supply me gallantly in order to his ,majesty's service1 but also perhaps render me incapable thereof2 for which reason of great importance1 ,i should humbly beseech that the cessation should be continued until about the middle of ,june next2 yet so as that the condition of having the residue of the ten thousand men by the first of ,may next may be enforced by your ,excellency1 against which time1 though ,i return not myself1 yet shipping shall be provided1 and that service no way neglected4 ,but with this motion of mine ,i have not acquainted the ,commissioners that are gone to ,dublin1 nor the ,supreme ,council1 lest in some ,i might have raised a spirit ,i could not lay down3 who might have taken a rise at this my inclination for the furtherance of his ,majesty's service1 to countenance their backwardness in preparing the supplies1 or in their unwillingness to submit to a perfect peace2 than which nothing is more heartily desired or aimed at by me1 to the end that1 under your ,excellency's most judicious and wise conduct1 all things may unanimously proceed to the furtherance of the ,king my master's service1 and the happiness and contentment of this kingdom4 ,and to receive your ,excellency's commands hereupon ,i have sent ,sir ,vivien ,molineux1 who goes with me into ,france4 ,and give me leave to tell you that the continuance of the cessation upon the terms above mentioned 7without which ,i cannot resolve to go myself into ,france71 will be likewise advantageous to your ,excellency and this kingdom2 since during it1 the ,nuncio 7whose mission is only to the ,confederate ,catholics7 will plentifully contribute here to the maintenance of the war against the common enemy4 ,and your ,excellency1 giving me a power to engage your word with mine1 ,i will promise you at my return1 to bring for the ,king's service and the good of this kingdom1 ten1 if not twenty thousand pounds sterling2 which1 if managed by you1 ,i conceive will be better than #fj1jjj1 as hitherto moneys have been disposed4 ,and of this business1 if you please1 you may acquaint my ,lord ,digby1 to whom ,i have intimated something thereof in my letter4 ,but your ,excellency1 nor my ,lord ,digby1 need not be told with what secrecy my intended journey ought to be kept1 though ,i fear not the ,parliament1 since ,i have bought a gallant ship at ,galway1 with #af pieces of ordnance1 and victualled for two months1 manned with #cd good seamen1 an excellent captain1 and good pilots1 of #cjj tons1 ,english built1 and a good sailer4 ,and for my return1 ,i intend 7,god willing7 it shall be with a fleet1 which how it is to be left under your ,excellency's command1 ,i hope you are already well assured1 as you may be of anything within my power1 who am1 8,your ,excellency's1 c4 c4 ,,glamorgan4 8,kilkenny1 #aath of ,march1 #afde-f40 ,ormond wrote from ,dublin ,castle1 #dth ,march1 #afde1 naming 8the sad certainty of the loss of ,chester10--the men1 long expected1 he hopes will arrive 8seasonably for some other service20 and says1 8there are many reasons against the prolonging of the cessation till the midst of ,june10 but especially 8the inevitable ruin that must in the meantime come upon all his ,majesty's true servants10 promising in his next to send the 8authority to engage me for such money as you shall be able1 upon so small an assurance as mine1 to get40 ,on the #bith of ,september1 #afde-f1 the ,earl addressed a letter of explanations to the ,lord ,lieutenant4 8,for to endear myself to some1 the better to do his ,majesty service1 it is true ,i did declare a promise from the ,king of the assent that after your ,excellency's time he would make me ,lord ,lieutenant4 ,but it is no meaning of mine but to keep your ,excellency in during your life1 and not really to pretend unto it1 or anything in discrimination of your ,excellency's honour or profit2 or derogating from the true amity and real service which ,i have professed1 and will ever make good towards your ,excellency4 ,and my intention was ever to acquaint your honour herewith1 and ,i once intended to do it before my going to ,kilkenny1 but never to conceal it totally from you1 though for some reasons it being hitherto omitted1 ,i think it not necessary for the present but as an obligation upon me thereunto4 ,and in witness of my true intent and meaning1 ,i leave this sealed in your ,excellency's hands this #bith of ,september1 #afde1 at ,dublin4 ,,glamorgan40 ,the ,earl being thus bound to continue his residence in ,ireland1 notwithstanding the unpromising aspect of affairs1 we shall proceed1 in order of date1 to consider the position of his father1 at ,raglan ,castle4 ,footnotes ,a ,fol4 #gac4 ,also ,carte1 vol4 i4 p4 #eeg4 ,b ,nuncio's ,mem4 fol4 #gae2 and ,carte1 vol4 i4 p4 #eed4 ,c ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,d ,see page #gh4 ,e ,husband's ,collection1 p4 #ghg1 c4 edit4 ,london1 #afdf1 fol4 and ,rushworth1 ,part ,,iv4 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #bci4 #ac ,birch1 p4 #id4 ,f ,bod4 ,lib4 8,carte ,papers1 #afcd-eg1 ,ireland1 #fc40 ,no4 #aej4 ,g ,see page #abd4 #dc ,glamorgan4 #dc ,glamorgan4 #dc ,glamorgan4 #ac ,birch1 p4 #aba1 and p4 #abd-e4 #ac ,birch1 p4 #aba1 and p4 #abd-e4 #be ,carte1 vol4 ii4 ,append4 ,no4 xxiii4 p4 #ab4 ,h ,see page #gh4 #ac;a ,birch1 p4 #aba1 and p4 #abd-e4 #be;a ,carte1 vol4 iii4 ,no4 #dbf1 p4 #ddf4 #be ,carte1 vol4 iii4 p4 #ddg4 #ac ,birch1 p4 #acc4 #af ,bruce4 ,i ,harl4 libr4 #afc1 c4 #c1 #adg4 ,birch1 p4 #cef4 #fb ,lingard1 #eth edition1 ,vol4 vii4 p4 #fbg4 ,j ,bod4 ,lib4 8,carte ,papers1 #afcd-afeg1 ,ireland1 #fc40 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,raglan ,,castle3 ,,its ,,defence ,,and ,,surrender4 ,,death ,,of ,,henry1 ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester4 ,from the close of #afde to the middle of #afdf the military operations within and surrounding the strong fortress of ,raglan were conducted with untiring energy4 ,parties from the castle were continually annoying the enemy1 while they on their part pushing their works with vigour at several points caused many disasters1 keeping the favourably situated garrison in a state of constant agitation and watchfulness2 finding their course of operations gradually limited to acting entirely on the defensive1 not being in sufficient force to disperse the stronger besieging army1 against whom it is next to a miracle how they maintained their position so long1 ,raglan ,castle having held out longer than any other4 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester1 the last lord of ,raglan ,castle1 usually occupied1 as is supposed1 a handsomely carved oak wainscotted parlour or sitting room in the ground floor of the south side of the castle1 nearly the whole side of which was a large1 handsome window looking over the moat towards the tall1 massive tower or citadel4 ,over that chamber was his dining room1 and from his table the various dishes would be conveyed to the grand banqueting hall1 the most complete and spacious apartment within the present ruin4 ,the great state in which the noble ,marquis was accustomed to live may be gathered from the following authentic account of the order of his household3--,a ,at #aa o'clock the ,castle gates were shut and the tables laid--two in the ,dining ,room1 three in the ,hall1 one in ,mrs4 ,watson's apartment where the ,chaplains eat 7,sir ,toby ,mathews being the first71 in the ,housekeeper's room for the ,ladies' women4 ,the ,earl came into the ,dining ,room attended by his gentlemen4 ,as soon as he was seated ,sir ,ralph ,blackstone1 ,steward of the ,house retired1 the ,comptroller1 ,mr4 ,holland1 attended with his staff1 the ,sewer1 ,mr4 ,blackburn1 the ,daily ,waiters1 ,mr4 ,clough1 ,mr4 ,selby and ,mr4 ,scudamore1 with many gentlemen's sons1 from #b4 to #gjj4 a year1 bred in the castle4 ,my ,lady's ,gentleman ,usher1 ,mr4 ,harcourt4 ,my ,lord's ,gentlemen of the ,chamber1 ,mr4 ,morgan and ,mr4 ,fox4 ,at the first table sat the noble family and such of the nobility as came there4 ,at the second table in the dining room sat ,knights and honourable gentlemen attended by footmen4 ,sir ,ralph ,blackstone1 ,steward4 ,the ,comptroller4 ,the ,secretary4 ,the ,master of the ,horse1 ,mr4 ,delaware4 ,the ,master of the ,fish ponds1 ,mr4 ,andrews4 ,my ,lord ,herbert's preceptor1 ,mr4 ,adams1 with such gentlemen as came there under the degree of a knight1 attended by footmen and plentifully served with wine4 ,at the second table in the ,hall1 served from my ,lord's table and with other hot meat--,the ,sewer1 with the gentlemen waiters and pages1 to the number of twenty-four or more4 ,at the third table in the ,hall--,the ,clerk of the ,kitchen1 with the ,yeomen ,officers of the ,house1 two ,grooms of the ,chamber1 c4 ,chief ,auditor1 ,mr4 ,smith4 ,clerk of the ,accounts1 ,george ,wharton4 ,surveyor of the ,castle1 ,mr4 ,salisbury4 ,ushers of the ,hall1 ,mr4 ,moyle and ,mr4 ,cook4 ,closet ,keeper4 ,gentleman of the ,chapel1 ,mr4 ,davies4 ,keeper of the ,record4 ,master of the ,wardrobe4 ,master of the ,armory4 ,master ,groom of the ,stables for the war horses1 twelve4 ,master of the ,hounds4 ,master ,falconer ,porter and his ,men1 two ,butchers1 two ,keepers of the ,home ,park1 two ,keepers of the ,red ,deer ,park1 ,footmen1 ,grooms1 and other menial servants to the number of #aej4 ,some of the footmen were butchers and bakers4 ,out ,officers4 ,steward of ,raglan1 ,wm4 ,jones1 ,esq4 ,governor of ,chepstow1 ,sir ,mich4 ,keneys1 ,bart4 ,housekeeper of ,worcester ,house in ,london1 ,james ,redman1 ,esq4 ,bailiffs thirteen2 two ,counsel for the ,bailiffs to have recourse to4 ,solicitor1 ,mr4 ,jos4 ,smith4 ,his ,lordship appears to have been very indifferently informed respecting his son's operations in ,ireland4 ,the conveyance of communications of any kind was difficult1 hazardous1 and uncertain4 ,of this a rather romantic instance occurs in the relation given of his adventures1 by ,allen ,boteler1 in his documentary evidence entitled3--8,a most true account of my business from his ,majesty at ,oxford1 intended for the most honourable the ,marquis of ,ormond1 it being the last of my engagements in8 these employments40 ,it is a long1 prolix account1 but sufficiently interesting from the facts it details to be given in extenso4 ,he states3-- 8,on ,friday night being the #bbnd of ,february1 #afdf1 ,i was conveyed to ,abbington by ,sir ,george ,lisle1 and a party under his command1 and from thence near ,cisseter1 where ,i parted from them1 took a guide and went to ,sir ,william ,pooles1 from whence by night ,i was carefully guided to ,sir ,robert ,poyntz's at ,acton1 which his ,majesty conceived to be the safest way2 there by ,sir ,robert was ,i exceedingly welcomed as coming from his ,majesty1 and in that employment1 and for the space of five days ,i was concealed in ,sir ,robert's house whilst he did continually employ some of his trusty servants to endeavour a way for my passage over ,severn1 which both by land and water was very strongly guarded2 yet having disguise from him ,i hired a boat for ,black ,rock1 and passed as a grazier1 and a farmer1 a friend of his with me1 to assist me2 but no sooner had we landed but we had1 by a grazier1 intelligence that in the village1 and in all that country of the ,moors1 were ,parliament forces driven by his ,majesty's party from ,newport and ,carlisle4 ,thereupon the farmer brought me to a church on a rock a few yards from the sea side1 into which rock ,i conveyed my dispatches1 and myself and horse into the porch1 whilst the farmer bought brought8 me a guide1 a man of his acquaintance1 well known to the enemy's party but honest to his ,majesty's2 and after night he conveyed me through their guards by the name of a butcher of ,bristol1 and on the break of day1 three ,parliament officers1 newly landed at ,gouldcliffe from ,bristol1 seeing me riding fast1 charged me in a lane and questioned me who ,i was for2 and ,i answered that it was then no time to ask impertinences1 by my being here you may judge who ,i am for2 ,i intended for ,newport or ,carleon in business for the ,states1 but my guide tells me that there is my ,lord ,charles ,somerset with #cjj horse1 for ,god's sake tell me how ,i shall avoid them4 ,whereupon they being as much affrighted with my word1 as ,i with their summons1 hastily pointed me out a way1 and ran themselves another way into the ,moors4 ,by this means ,i came to ,carleon1 from whence the ,king's party were marched two days before2 and being then within four miles of ,raglan ,i came 7as ,i thought7 undiscovered to ,colonel ,richard ,herbert's1 and finding the passage full of dangers1 by reason of ,langibby ,castle and many soldiers quartered in the way1 ,i sent to the ,lord ,charles1 desiring a convoy1 and acquainting him with what business ,i was in4 ,his ,lordship returned me answer that by one of the clock1 the next day1 by a windmill on ,christ ,church hill1 a party should meet me punctually2 and so there did1 but it was of the enemy1 who having foot with the horse made me distrust and betake myself to a wood adjoining2 and when they were past1 no convoy coming1 nor intended1 as it appeared afterwards1 ,i returned to the ,lady ,mary ,herbert's1 who then lay in1 and some intelligence being given to the enemy1 so soon as it was dark1 a party being sent to take me1 my ,lady ,mary secured the despatches in or under her bed1 commanded a servant of hers to go with me1 called my horse hers2 and ,i going on foot all night in most bitter weather and bad way1 full of danger1 ,i came to the ,castle about the day's dawning1 where ,i presently appeared myself to my ,lord ,charles1 made my relation1 and besought him for a present convoy4 ,his answer was that that house was their own1 and not as other garrisons1 they must look on their own securities1 and had done more than they had thanks for1 but would bring me to his father1 so soon as he was ready4 ,his ,lordship did so1 and in the first place my ,lord asked me whether in my despatches ,i had any letters from his ,majesty to his son ,glamorgan4 ,i answered1 not that ,i knew of1 but there might be within the ,lord ,marquis of ,ormond's2 on that ,i delivered to his ,lordship his ,majesty's most gracious and comfortable message concerning my ,lord his son1 with thanks for their former loyal expressions2 unto which my ,lord ,marquis answered that it was the grief of his heart that1 he was inforced to say that the ,king was wavering and fickle1 and that at his ,majesty's last being there1 he lent him a book,b to read in his chamber1 the beginning of which he knows he read1 but if he had ended1 it would have showed him what it was to be a fickle prince2 for was it not enough1 said his ,lordship1 to suffer him1 the ,lord ,glamorgan to be unjustly imprisoned by the ,lord ,marquis of ,ormond for what he had his ,majesty's authority for2 but that the ,king must in print protest against his proceedings and his own allowance1 and not yet recall it4 ,that message ,i well remember and so will his ,majesty1 ,i having set it down so soon as ,i went out of the bed chamber4 ,but ,i will pray for him1 and that he may be more constant to his friends1 saith my ,lord2 and so soon as my other employments will give leave1 you shall have a convoy to fetch securely your despatches2 that ,i daily pressed and expected1 sometimes it was delayed with fair language and sometimes with such as was very unwelcome to me1 both from the father and the son2 it being invectives against his ,majesty and the ,lord ,marquis of ,ormond1 and after fourteen days delay1,c ,i advised with ,colonel ,ratcliffe ,jarrard1 ,colonel ,thomas ,butler1 ,major ,hugh ,butler1 and ,william ,watkins1 ,receiver ,general for ,south ,wales1 being all ,protestants1 and of the ,council of ,war1 who agreed in opinion that the delay was of purpose1 and caused by jealousy1 conceiving that if ,i got over before ,captain ,bacon who was then attending for a despatch to his ,lord the ,lord ,glamorgan1 my despatch might tend to the prejudice of his said ,lord4 ,on this ,i took occasion to wait on my ,lady ,glamorgan1 and remembering her of the ,king's gracious intentions towards her ,lord1 ,i besought her assistance1 to which she answered that my going so hastily was not material whatsoever ,i considered of it1 for that there were others gone with duplicates of business to her ,ladyship's knowledge1 of whom her cousin ,will4 ,winter was one1 and he had no relation to the ,lord ,marquis of ,ormond1 but was her husband's friend4 ,to which ,i answered that my ,lord was her ,lord's very good friend1 as ,i was very much his servant1 but if his ,majesty's business be done ,i care not by whose hand it is2 but ,i thank your honour1 for now ,i know wherefore ,i am stayed here2 and from her ,ladyship ,i went to my ,lord ,charles1 and told him that by his neglect his ,majesty might be undone1 and that to acquit myself ,i must lay the blame on those that deserved it2 but if his ,lordship would yet give way ,captain ,spite would undertake to do the business with twenty horse4 ,his ,lordship answered1 that he took my importunity ill1 but would impart it to the ,council of ,war1 and take their advice1 which he did indeed1 but that caused so general a knowledge1 that the country was laid for me and my business1 as ,i had very good intelligence2 and thereupon the ,protestant party showed themselves to be much discontented1 insomuch that ,colonel ,butler1 ,major ,butler1 and others quitted the ,castle the next day1 being the nineteenth of my stay there4 ,my ,lord sent a party1 who bringing the despatches1 ,i desired my ,lord1 in obedience to his ,majesty's ,warrant to afford me a convoy1 or if not1 two guides1 one to ride before me to discous discover or discourse8 and the other to direct me in my way1 both which he refused because1 as he said1 ,i had no letters to his brother4 ,thereupon ,i went discontentedly away to ,aburgainy ,abergavenny with ,colonel ,ratcliffe ,jarrard1 ,colonel ,butler1 and ,major ,butler1 with whom ,i advised1 and sent with their approbation for a woman who was continually employed betwixt the ,castle of ,denby in ,north ,wales and ,raglan in ,south ,wales4 ,i agreed with her to go to ,denby1 ,conway1 or ,harlo ,castles1 with the letters quilted up in a truss of linen and tied next to her body1 and with her my own man disguised to receive them from her1 and to go over with them1 if ,i could not make my way to overtake him1 but directed him by the ,governors to whom ,i wrote4 ,the man and woman were taken and carried before ,howell ,gwynn1 then ,high ,sheriff2 but what became of the despatches1 or how the woman concealed or made them away1 ,i know not1 nor dare enquire1 but she saw the man taken1 being a great distance from her1 as ,i had directed them1 to keep in sight one of the other1 but not to go together2 and she was not taken in two or three hours after1 so that by all likelihood she conveyed them away1 otherwise the ,parliament pamphlets would have told us of it as they did not1 for with much fear1 ,i expecting it1 perused all the diurnals for more than a quarter of a year4 ,this is all ,i can deliver of it1 and the particulars of these will be punctually justified by those several parties formerly meant1 some of them being now about the ,court1 and for the truth of this ,i am ready to make ,oath when ,i shall there unto be called4 8,,allan ,,boteler40,d ,boteler or ,butler's evidence would appear to have been taken during the ,marquis of ,ormond's temporary sojourn in ,england1 after his leaving ,dublin in ,june1 #afdg1 previous to his shortly after going to ,paris for six months1 when he returned to ,ireland to assume his post of ,lord ,lieutenant4#ac ,the document derives considerable interest from its conveying to us the sentiments of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 in his reflections on the ,king's conduct affecting himself and his son4 ,it was on no light grounds he charged ,charles the ,first with being 8wavering and fickle20 declaring his son to have been 8unjustly imprisoned20 and bitterly lamenting that the ,king should1 in print1 8protest against his son's proceedings20 being no doubt well satisfied through his ,majesty's own discourse and his after written instructions1 that the ,earl of ,glamorgan had1 in every sense1 been most unworthily used from first to last by his royal master4 ,the upright old ,marquis1 touched in a tender part1 was not disposed to overlook the injury done to his family1 although coming from so high a quarter1 for he must have felt it as nothing short of a gratuitous maligning and blackening of his son's character from the most sordid1 selfish motives1 reckless of all risks and hazards4 ,no considerations swayed him to conceal his utmost anger at the indignity put on himself and his house1 rendered perhaps all the keener by the presence of the unsuspecting messenger from that prince who had so utterly deceived him1 and that peer who had aided in his dishonour4 ,the blunt ,boteler adds1 in a marginal notification1 8,that message ,i well remember1 and so will his ,majesty2 ,i having set it down1 as soon as ,i went out of the bed chamber40,e ,the ,marquis1 a shrewd1 observant man1 appears to have expressed his wrath not only by words but acts2 not caring that the messenger should return with any favourable account of his reception or dismissal1 for after having so unequivocally expressed his mind to him1 he is left to shift for himself1 is long detained1 and at length departs at his own expense4 ,the siege of ,raglan ,castle was maintained by ,colonel ,morgan1 ,major ,general ,laughorne1 ,sir ,trevor ,williams1 ,baronet1 and ,colonel ,robert ,kirle1 with about #ejjj horse and foot4 ,it became necessary for the besieged1 in their extremity1 in the pleasant month of ,may1 #afdf1 to destroy every shelter or advantage the enemy might derive from the houses in the village1 or its old church4 ,they1 therefore1 levelled the goodly tower of the latter1 as also the houses near1 burning likewise whatever might in any way have been likely to prove available4 ,sir ,trevor ,williams1 at the same time1 was arranging to blockade ,raglan1 garrisoning his men in the town of ,usk4 ,on the other side1 ,colonel ,kirle1 with his force1 was stationed within two miles of ,raglan2 while ,laughorne occupied ,abergavenny2 and ,colonel ,birch1 besieging ,gutbridge ,castle1 left ,raglan without hope of relief4 ,in their skirmishes with the enemy1 posted in these positions1 the ,royalists lost #af killed1 and #bj taken prisoners2 while ,sir ,trevor ,williams seized #hj horses grazing under the castle walls4 ,colonel ,morgan1 then at ,worcester1 shortly after1 joining the army1 made ,landenny his head-quarters1 within a distance of three miles4 ,a domestic incident may be here mentioned1 not only as showing the discomfort of the place1 but as connected with the wife of the subject of this memoir2 and also as characteristic of the ,marquis's religious sentiments4 ,dr4 ,bayly states that3-- 8,one evening1 during the hottest period of the cannonade1 there came a musket ball in at the window of the withdrawing room1 where my ,lord used to entertain his friends with his pleasant discourses after dinners and suppers1 which1 glancing upon a little marble pillar of the window1 from thence hit the ,marquis upon the side of his head1 and fell down flattened upon the table1 which breaking the pillar in pieces1 it made such a noise in the room1 that his daughter-in-law1 the ,countess of ,glamorgan1 who stood in the same window1 ran away as if the house had been falling down upon her head1 crying out1 #8,o ,lord6 ,o ,lord6' ,but at length1 finding herself more afraid than hurt1 she returned back again1 no less excusing her--as she was pleased to call it--rudeness to her father1 than acknowledging her fears to all the company4 ,to whom the ,marquis said1 #8,daughter1 you had reason to run away1 when your father was knocked on the head4' ,then pausing some little while1 and turning the flattened bullet round with his finger1 he further said1 #8,gentlemen1 those who had a mind to flatter me1 were wont to tell me that ,i had a good head in my younger days2 but1 if ,i don't flatter myself1 ,i think ,i have a good head-piece in my old age1 or else it would not have been musket proof4'0 ,it shows how closely ,raglan ,castle was besieged1 when on the #bfth of ,may1 about #aa o'clock at night1 some of the ,parliamentary soldiers could be drinking at a public house1 but a little distance from the ,castle1 having alighted from their horses1 and sent a scout to reconnoitre3 who bringing them favourable news1 they refreshed themselves at their ease4 ,meanwhile1 having been observed1 #fj or #hj horse were sent from ,raglan to surprise them1 and they succeeded in seizing three or four of their horses2 but some of the ,roundheads escaped in a cornfield1 while most of their companions quickly mounted2 some riding off were lost in the darkness1 while the remainder1 in a skirmish of half an hour1 took two prisoners and rescued their lost horses4 ,many fruitless skirmishes appear to have been thus made2 often as many as #aej horsemen rushing forth1 only to return with the report of bootless labour4#hc ,on the part of the besiegers1 ,captain ,hooper was employed to conduct the mining approaches1 which were pushed forward with great vigour4 ,the garrison of ,raglan 7estimated when in full force at #hjj strong1 in horse and foot7 made several desperate sallies on ,colonel ,morgan's forces3 their bold commander often personally encountering the hostile party with marked gallantry1 losing on one occasion a colour2 and a cornet his life4 ,while on the ,royalist side a major and a captain were slain1 besides many wounded4 ,but when ,general ,fairfax1 sending reinforcement from ,oxford1 had raised ,colonel ,morgan's regiment of #aejj to #cejj men1 such sallies became less frequent4#ib ,the ,general1 who had been at ,bath to recruit his health1 hastening to ,raglan1 put life into the siege by his presence1 and1 on the #gth of ,august1 he sent in his summons to the ,castle2 in consequence of which1 numerous messages passed between the ,marquis and the ,general1 the ,marquis reminding him in one of his replies how well he was known 8in ,henry1 ,earl of ,huntingdon's time1 unto your the ,general's noble grandfather at ,york20 at the same time inviting some propositions to be made2 specially requiring on his own behalf to have any acts of his first approved by the ,king1 through whom1 moreover1 he was 8above #bj1jjj out of purse40 ,the conditions offered1 required1 among others1 that the ,marquis should submit to the mercy of the ,parliament2 while those affecting the garrison and inmates of the ,castle were honourable to all parties4 ,in consequence of these negotiations1 the ,marquis1 on the #acth of ,august1 sent out a drum1 desiring leave for his ,commissioners to meet the next day1 to arrange articles of peace2 which being approved1 the drum was returned with safe-conduct for the ,commissioners' coming forth1 and orders given for five hours cessation of arms4 ,the ,marquis must have been fully alive to the jeopardy in which he was placed1 after ten weeks of close siege1 hemmed in on every side1 stores fast diminishing1 the cannon ball of the enemy knocking down turret and tower1 and demolishing the weaker portions of his castle1 never originally intended to withstand more than the ravages of time1 with the exception of a very limited portion1 the ,citadel itself4 ,the main work of the enemy's approaches1 too1 was then within #fj yards of the garrison's works1 and a breach already made in the eastern wall1 near the library or closet tower2 besides which1 four mortar pieces had been advantageously planted1 capable of carrying grenado shells of #ab inches diameter2 also two mortar pieces in another position1 capable of delivering similar shells4 ,captain ,hooper1 the engineer1 expressed his expectation to be in a few days within ten yards of the castle1 with trenches1 which he was constructing very exact and secure2 from these he purposed making galleries1 mines1 and numerous batteries4 ,the ,general himself1 not only took great interest in these military works1 visiting them daily1 but at that very time had designed a new approach4 ,on the #aeth of ,august1 final terms were to be concluded2 for which purpose the meeting of the ,commissioners was appointed to take place at ,keventilla ,house1 the residence of ,mr4 ,oates1 about a mile and a half from ,raglan4#hd ,the terms of peace being concluded on the #agth of ,august1 the ,castle was to be surrendered to ,sir ,thomas ,fairfax for the use of the ,parliament1 the articles of the treaty1 among others1 stipulating3--,that all the officers1 soldiers1 and gentlemen of the garrison1 should march out with horses and arms1 colours flying1 drums beating1 trumpets sounding1 matches lighted at both ends1 bullets in their mouths2 and every soldier with twelve charges of powder and ball2 with permission to select any place within #aj miles of the ,castle1 for the purpose of delivering up their arms to the ,general in command2 after which the soldiers were to be disbanded and set at liberty2 and safe-conduct and protection given to all the gentlemen and others who had sought refuge within the walls of ,raglan ,castle4 ,wednesday1 the #aith of ,august1 #afdf1 in conformity with the treaty1 the ,castle was taken possession of by ,general ,fairfax4 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester1 bordering on #gj years of age1 infirm and careworn as he was1 accosted ,fairfax in a pleasant1 jocose mood2 yet it must have been but a melancholy cortege by which he was attended1 on abandoning that roof which was soon to be destined to irreclaimable ruin4 ,it must have appeared to the bystanders more like a military funeral procession than any other conceivable spectacle1 in which1 however1 the glistening of arms and armour1 the rustling of banners1 the blast of trumpets1 and the roll of drums must have been felt by all alike1 as though more in mockery than evincing any cause of exultation4 ,the ,marquis was accompanied by his son1 the ,lord ,charles ,somerset1 governor of the ,castle2 the ,countess of ,glamorgan2 ,lady ,jones and ,sir ,philip ,jones2 ,dr4 ,thomas ,bayly1 the chaplain1 who had also acted as one of the ,commissioners from the ,castle2 ,commissary ,guilliam2 together with #d colonels1 #hb captains1 #af lieutenants1 #f cornets1 #d ensigns1 #d quarter-masters1 and #eb esquires and gentlemen2 including also his ,lordship's numerous visitors1 household1 and retainers4 ,the ,general1 having thus secured the last stronghold that had withstood the power of the ,parliamentary army1 went to ,chepstow to take part the same night in a splendid entertainment1 returning thence the following day to recruit himself at ,bath4 ,there were found in ,raglan ,castle1 a mill for the manufacture of gunpowder1 #bj pieces of ordnance1 only #c barrels of powder1 good store of corn and malt1 beer1 and various wines2 not many horses1 and but little hay or oats4 ,the apartments1 however1 were amply supplied with rich furniture1 and well stored with goods4 ,all these the ,general committed to the charge of ,mr4 ,herbert1 the ,army ,commissioner1 and others to be inventoried4 ,thus far the articles of capitulation were punctually performed with regard to all matters1 except only the ,marquis himself4 ,we are not very precisely informed respecting his removal1 but only assured that he was in the custody of the ,black ,rod2 and next hear of him as being in ,covent ,garden1 probably at that official's residence1 where he was repeatedly visited by his former chaplain1 the loquacious ,dr4 ,bayly4#g ,it was a base violation of the conditions in the treaty1 on the part of the ,parliament1 to keep the ,marquis in confinement1 and still worse considering his age1 corpulency1 and bad state of health1 aggravated no doubt by the excessive toils and troubles of the last few years1 together with the more recent fatigues of his journey from ,wales to ,london4 ,harassed1 afflicted1 and a prisoner1 he died within the space of four months1 in the custody of the ,parliament's ,black ,rod1 in ,covent ,garden1 on the -- of ,december1 #afdf4hh ,the ,house of ,commons1 on the #bjth of ,december1 proposed allowing #ejjaje for the funeral1 out of the ,marquis's estate2 the votes being #afh for1 and #ib against so much liberality4 ,it was resolved--8,that the #ejj be raised out of the plate and other goods of the ,earl of ,worcester1 brought up by ,mr4 ,thomas ,herbert2 and that the disposing of it be referred to his care1 to be accountable for it to the ,house2 and especially to take care that the said ,earl of ,worcester may be buried according to the ,directory1 and not otherwise40#eg ,in dedicating to the son his collection of the father's 8,apophthegms10 ,dr4 ,bayly observes--8,i laid your noble father in his grave1 with my own hands40 ,he was interred in the vault of the ,chapel of our ,lady1 now known as the ,beaufort ,chapel1 in ,st4 ,george's ,chapel1 ,windsor ,castle1 near his great ancestor1 ,charles first ,earl of ,worcester4 ,among the property at ,raglan ,castle1 the most interesting to the biographer was that respecting which an order passed the ,house of ,commons1 on the #beth of ,august #afdf1 to the effect3--8,that ,mr4 ,thomas ,herbert be enjoined to deliver all the letters and papers found at ,raglan ,castle1 and remaining in his hands1 to the ,committee of the ,army3 ,who have hereby further power to send for all such other letters and papers1 found at ,raglan ,castle1 which they shall have information of to be in the hands of any other ,committee or persons2 and are to report the whole to the ,house40 ,the fate of ,raglan ,castle was decided by an order of the ,house the same day1 when it was resolved3--8,that the ,castle of ,raglan1 the works about it1 and the house and buildings thereof1 be forthwith pulled down and demolished40 ,and further1 8,that it be referred to the ,committee of the county of ,monmouth1 to take care that the same may be totally demolished1 and all the materials thereof sold and disposed of for the best advantage of the state2 deducting the charges for pulling it down2 and a due account rendered for the same40 ,various orders were passed regarding the sale of estates1 and disposition of the funds1 sometimes to raise money for the service of ,ireland1 at others for reparation of losses through depriving certain noblemen of the ,court of ,wards1 with other and numerous demands4 ,but we must return to review the closing scene of affairs in ,ireland4 ,footnotes ,a ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,b ,see page #ajg4 ,c ,note opposite sentence commencing 8after fourteen days delay40--8,after myself1 ,colonel ,butler and the rest were gone1 ,lord ,charles threatened to take from ,mr4 ,watkins #hjj which was in the ,castle 7his ,majesty's money7 for siding with us1 as he now present is ready to testify40 ,d ,in ,,ms4 ,index entitled1 8,no4 #ade4 ,boteler's ,account of his business at ,oxford1 #afdf4 f4 #baj40 ,the ,,ms4 vol4 containing above is lettered at back1 8,carte ,papers1 #afjd-affj4 #cj40 #ac ,birch1 p4 #bfb4 ,e ,it is generally believed that this chamber was over the south-west gate4 #hc ,raglan ,castle4 #ib ,sprigge4 #hd ,raglan ,castle4 #g ,bayly4 #hh ,sandford4 #aje ,whitelock states #ajjj4 #eg ,jo4 ,ho4 of ,comm4 ,vol4 ,v4 p4 #bj4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,the ,,earl ,,of ,,glamorgan',s ,,transactions ,,in ,,ireland--,,concluded4 ,we left the ,earl at ,kilkenny after his enlargement4 ,that his own confidence in his position was not misplaced all his acts clearly prove1 and no attempt has been successfully made by his adversaries to show him in any other light than that of being a too ready instrument in the hands of his prince to work out his mystified political schemes4 ,it requires considerable calmness and consideration on the part of the biographer while undertaking to become the apologist of the ,earl's conduct1 particularly when wholly differing in political and religious views4 ,but sincerity will always command respect4 ,that he was strictly conscientious in all his conduct there cannot be the shadow of a doubt2 nor can he be accused of rather tempting the monarch than being tempted by him1 a man open and most anxious to adopt any measures to regain his despotic authority over the people4 ,charles the ,first was all things to all men who offered him service2 he was a ,catholic to the ,catholics1 and a ,protestant to the ,protestants2 and it was this duality of character1 united with unbounded selfishness and a fatal attachment to secrecy1 that perplexed his most discreet ministers4 ,no man's life or property was safe in his hands4 ,no engagements were held sacred or inviolable1 all being artfully contrived to conceal some mental reservation1 which expediency always found it convenient to be shifting to serve some opposite purpose or other4 ,all this subtle strategy was perfectly consistent with the possession of the most distinguished domestic affections and habits1 and tastes most refined for art and literature1 which1 after all1 may have been but the consummation of that all-grasping selfishness which shows but little integrity beyond the confines of self and home4 ,his ,majesty united so many inconsistencies of character that he completely deluded not the ,earl alone but the entire ,roman ,catholic party throughout the land4 ,he had succeeded in draining the ,marquis of ,worcester of his enormous wealth1 and had not blushed to degrade his son1 the ,earl1 by a public accusation 7which his private conduct repudiated7 to give colour to his own sophisms4 ,a letter written by the ,earl to the ,nuncio1 in ,february1 together with the oath he afterwards took1 are not a little remarkable4#ac 8,,most ,,illustrious ,,and ,,most ,,reverend ,,lord1 8,there is no occasion for me to employ any further protestations to persuade your ,lordship1 how sincerely ,i desire that the whole glory of the advantages1 which this nation and we poor ,catholics of ,england may attain1 should1 as it ought1 be ascribed to his ,holiness1 through your ,lordship's intervention2 whom ,i beseech to consider the authority granted your ,lordship by his ,holiness1 and to recall to your memory the letter written by the ,king my master to your ,lordship1 and my powers for treating with your ,lordship4 ,these things being laid down as a foundation1 let us not sleep over our cause1 but finish all the conventions made or to be made between his ,holiness and our ,queen 7though without suffering them to be published71 till your ,lordship shall have received the original instruments themselves1 or till an answer shall be returned from the ,king by means of my brother1 who shall be sent to his ,majesty in the name of your ,lordship and myself4 ,during which interval1 though there be only a cessation of arms1 yet our peace will be secure1 and depend only on such conditions1 as shall be acceptable to his ,holiness2 for it will not be such a peace1 as the ,pope disapproves of in his letters1 but the same which your ,lordship desires4 ,but while the articles are agreed upon and concluded between your ,lordship and me1 and no change is made in the government1 or in any other respect1 till the peace shall be published1 and the ratification transmitted hither by the ,king from ,england1 no danger will arise either on your ,lordship's or my part1 since the seven thousand soldiers will not pass over into ,england1 till the peace be concluded and published1 nor ever depart1 till ,i shall return from ,italy1 and there shall be a certainty concerning his ,holiness' pleasure40 ,he proceeds to suggest the conclusion of the peace at the end of three months2 the signing of the articles by the ,nuncio and himself1 on the part of the ,pope and the ,king respectively2 thus satisfying the ,irish1 while affording the ,king security1 the articles not being published2 the safety of the kingdom ensured1 and the ,nuncio at ease in having thus conformed to the ,pope's instructions4 ,he afterwards signed1 on the #ahth ,february1 #afdf1 an engagement to the ,nuncio2 and the next day took the following oath4#ac 8,i1 ,edward ,earl of ,glamorgan1 promise and swear to your most illustrious and most reverend ,lordship1 that ,i will adhere to your party1 not only against the ,marquis of ,ormond1 and all his relations and favourers1 but likewise against all others1 who shall oppose the ,pope's treaty and your measures for the good of the ,catholic ,religion1 and the service of the ,king my master1 to supply your ,lordship with-- #bjj1jjj crowns1 #aj1jjj arms for foot1 #b1jjj cases of pistols1 #hjj barrels of powder1 and #cj or #dj ships well provided1 over which your ,lordship shall name an ,admiral4 ,for ,i esteem your cause to be the cause of ,god1 and of the ,king my master1 in whose name ,i make all the concessions agreed upon between your ,lordship and me2 and am therefore ready1 if your ,lordship pleases1 to confirm this my resolution before the most holy sacrament4 ,in the mean time ,i subscribe my name1 and affix my seal1 this #aith day of ,february1 #afdf4 8,,glamorgan40 ,the ,earl1 in conformity with the power granted him on the #ast of ,april1 by the ,king1 agreed with the ,nuncio to create1 at his recommendation1 one ,earl1 two ,viscounts1 and three ,barons1 hoping thereby to gratify the ,irish4 ,but previously1 on his arrival in ,waterford1 he wrote to the ,king3#hgac-- 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,majesty1 8,i am now at ,waterford1 providing shipping immediately to transport #fjjj foot2 and #djjj more are by ,may to follow them4 ,i hope these will yet come opportunely to the relief of ,chester4 ,what hath been the occasion of so long delays1 and yet suffers not your ,majesty's service herein to proceed with that advantage it might do1 ,i conceive not so fit to commit to paper2 but ,i will shortly send my brother1 who shall fully inform your ,majesty with all particulars1 and thereby rectify your opinion1 and give you true knowledge1 who are your faithful servants4 ,i hope long ere this ,captain ,bacon hath arrived with you since my enlargement2 and1 therefore1 ,i need only tell your ,majesty that1 my further services intended for you will1 ,i hope1 without further crosses1 be suffered to go on2 though strange is the industry used by many seeming friends to hinder me therein4 ,but ,i am confident it shall not lie in their power1 your ,majesty remaining still constant1 as ,i doubt not but you will1 to your favourable opinion1 and right interpretation of my poor endeavours2 which1 if they may take place1 will procure you to be a gracious and happy prince1 ,i having no other ends1 but to approve myself1 8,sir1 your sacred ,majesty's 8,most dutiful1 obedient subject1 8and passionately devoted servant1 8,,glamorgan4 8,waterford1 ,feb4 #bc1 #afde-f40 ,the same month1 however1 ,chester surrendered to the ,parliamentary forces1 after a stubborn siege2 while in ,march following news arrived at ,kilkenny of his ,majesty's message of the #bith of ,january1 addressed to the ,parliament1 denying any participation in and unreservedly disavowing all knowledge of the ,earl's treaty of the #beth of ,august1 #afde4 ,the ,roman ,catholics were astounded2 all their labour and expense1 all their negociations at once appeared worse than vain1 being only calculated to arouse public indignation4 ,but the ,parliamentary party appeared pretty well satisfied that the ,earl's imprisonment was a merely colourable affair1 suspecting that the ,king was merely sacrificing a devoted friend to clear himself and appease the public wrath4 ,notwithstanding this state of affairs in ,ireland1 the ,earl was1 on the #dth of ,march1 #afdf1 created 8,duke of ,somerset and ,beaufort10 which title he afterwards resigned1 but the original patent1 still existing at ,badminton1 is translated as follows3-- 8,charles1 by the grace of ,god of ,england1 ,france1 and ,ireland ,king1 ,defender of the ,faith1 c4 ,to all our ,archbishops1 ,dukes1 ,marquesses1 ,earls1 ,viscounts1 ,bishops1 ,barons1 ,knights1 ,governors of ,towns1 ,freemen1 and all other ,officers1 ,ministers1 and subjects to whom these ,presents shall come ,greeting4 8,we esteem the greatness of our ,royal ,dignity not only to be highly adorned but even to be augmented and enlarged when men eminent for their nobility and virtue1 who have deserved well of their country1 and by notable achievements and particularly by trophys and other monuments of military valour acquired at home and abroad and distinguished and adorned by any illustrious accession of ,honour1 ,dignity1 or ,titles4--,and ,whereas our right trusty and well beloved ,cousin ,edward ,somerset1 alias ,plantagenet1 ,knight of the most noble order of the ,garter1 ,earl of our ,county of ,glamorgan1 son and heir apparent of our right trusty and well beloved ,cousin ,henry ,earl and ,marquess of ,worcester1 ,baron of the ,honours of the castles of ,raglan1 ,chepstow1 and ,gower1 a man eminent for the nobleness of his blood1 and his approved attachment and fidelity to us1 7by always furnishing the most ready supplies out of his own fortune to us in these most calamitous times7 ,hath in a special manner recommended himself to our favour3 as he is rendered illustrious by a long train of noble ancestors1 and by the high nobility transmitted by paternal succession from ,john of ,gaunt ,duke of ,lancaster1 and his son ,john ,plantagenet ,duke of ,somerset1 from the place of his nativity surnamed ,beaufort--and by other connections of blood with the ,royal ,houses of ,lancaster and ,york1 to ,charles the first ,earl of ,worcester2 ,all which dignity of birth and accumulated honours he hath himself greatly surpassed by his own personal virtues and inviolable fidelity to ,us4 8,for with what integrity1 with what constancy1 with what expense1 he did execute the royal command of ,president of the six counties of ,south ,wales and the places adjoining to the ,severn coast8 ,he was present at sieges and battles4--,with what courage and successful conduct did he take ,goodridge ,castle1 the ,forest of ,dean and the city of ,hereford8 ,in short1 with what remarkable good fortune1 with what unhoped for success he made himself master of the strongly fortified town of ,monmouth8 ,and not content with the confined limits of one kingdom1 go to the most distant places beyond the seas1 through the midst of hostile forces and the dangers of shipwreck1 yet at his own private expense1 regardless of all dangers1 at the loss of his own private fortune1 that he might raise succours for the support of the tottering crown of his ,king4 ,these things1 c40 ,endorsed--8#afdf1 #d ,march4 #ba ,charles ,i4 ,creation of ,edward1 ,earl of ,glamorgan1 ,duke of ,somerset and ,beaufort1 #d ,march1 #afdf1 and #ba ,c4 ,i40 ,this patent1 worthless as it proved for confirming the title it was intended to convey1 may well serve to seal the duplicity of the monarch who could thus intend to honour one whom he charged with treasonable acts1 if not with absolute forgery of warrants in his own name4 ,in ,march #afdf1 the ,earl committed to writing the following memorandum3--#ac 8,considerations and conclusions concerning the present state of my affairs1 #bi ,march1 #afdf4 8#a4 ,as the ,king has published such a ,declaration1 ,i think myself at present incapable of serving him4 ,yet ,i am persuaded1 that he has done this unwillingly1 and through the violent impulse of others1 and on account of the bad situation of his affairs4 ,for which purpose1 ,i am desirous to send express to him a person of rank1 and my relation2 by whose means ,i shall propose to his ,majesty a method1 by which he may enable me1 under the authority of the ,great ,seal1 to proceed further1 both in promoting the interest of this nation1 and his ,majesty's own1 in such a manner1 that his forced renunciation shall not be openly touched upon1 and yet my justification1 as far as it shall conduce to the good of this kingdom1 so sincerely desired by me1 may attain its wished-for effect4 ,the safety even of the lowest person of this nation1 is so truly at my heart1 that ,i would not expose the life of one man to danger on my own account1 nor press the transportation of the soldiers1 till the return of the messenger to be sent to the ,king4 8#b4 ,as ,i have received such instructions from the ,king as these1 viz4 ,if by any unfortunate accident we should be involved in any counsels1 in appearance contrary to the powers given by us to you1 you shall make no other account of them1 but by putting yourself in a condition to help us1 and set us free2 ,i do not find any more expeditious way of relieving his ,majesty from his distress1 than by taking no notice of anything which he has done through compulsion1 and by supporting this nation4 ,but if the ,supreme ,council will engage to adhere firmly to me1 ,i will likewise oblige myself to employ the ships and money1 which ,i had before designed for ,england1 to the assistance of this nation1 and devote my labours and endeavours to the service of this kingdom1 till we can all jointly succour his ,majesty in ,england4 ,i desire1 that the most illustrious and most reverend ,nuncio of the ,apostolic ,see will first of all subscribe this treaty of ours4 8,but in this affair1 ,i require nothing of the ,supreme ,council1 but their private faith1 till ,i shall return1 by ,god's blessing1 with all things necessary4 ,and though ,i am sensible1 how little this concerns my own interest1 yet my zeal prompts me to it4 ,but ,i am extremely desirous1 that ,general ,preston should march the troops1 designed for me1 into ,munster1 to compose the commotions there1 as well as to take care of this kingdom1 whose safety is greatly concerned in it1 as that when1 through ,god's blessing1 ,i return with the subsidies1 ,i may find an army ready4 ,i desire1 that our mutual engagement may be committed to writing1 and signed and sealed1 and kept under the most profound secrecy40 ,the ,earl of ,glamorgan had designed a visit to ,rome1 anticipating important assistance there1 as well as the especial favour of the ,king in that matter4 ,but the ,supreme ,council1 wearied by the expense of keeping a large army1 intended for the relief of ,chester1 finding no vessels were supplied from ,england for that purpose1 and being further discouraged by his ,majesty's recent proceedings1 finally resolved against sending any troops out of ,ireland4 ,the critical state of affairs had become so acutely distressing to the ,earl1 that in a letter addressed to ,father ,robert ,nugent at ,kilkenny1 he expressed the bitterness of his anguish in the most unrestrained language1 such as we find no example of in any other portion of his varied correspondence4 ,to ,father ,robert ,nugent1 he thus wrote3--#ac 8,,reverend ,,sir1 8,i return you thanks for the messenger sent me on purpose1 and your letter2 and desire you to signify to the ,nuncio1 that if all the devils on earth and in hell had not conspired against me1 ,i should not have been reduced to these difficulties and distresses2 and that the loss of life itself would have been more tolerable to me1 being now tired of it on account of the present difficulty1 and ,i can think of nothing but redeeming myself2 assuring you1 that the misfortunes of my whole life have not perplexed me so much as this3 to remedy which1 though ,i am pressed by letters and most urgent business to go to ,limerick1 ,i still continue here4 ,i swear to you1 that ,i have been disappointed of seven thousand pounds sterling1 which ,i thought as entirely my own as if the money had been actually paid to me2 and all this since the resolution was published against sending the soldiers to ,england4 ,i do not think it necessary to remind the ,nuncio1 that my enemies in ,ireland are exasperated against me1 because they perceive me so warmly and sincerely affected towards him1 and know1 that ,i shall always continue so2 and because ,i should not hesitate to expose my life and fortune to the utmost danger1 in order to bring to an issue his commission and business in this kingdom4 ,this seems to me to deserve1 that some pity and toleration should be shown towards me1 especially in an event unforeseen by me1 and forced upon me1 and which has given me a vexation1 than which ,i can imagine nothing more severe to me4 8,i remain1 in great affliction1 8,your affectionate ,cousin and ,servant1 8,,glamorgan4 8,waterford1 #c ,may1 #afdf40 ,his operations in ,ireland were virtually terminated1 every measure had signally failed1 and he was without hope1 after the ,parliamentary publications1 of regaining confidence with any party4 ,much as has been written on this subject1 and ably as it has been investigated by ,dr4 ,birch and other writers1 it must be admitted that we gain little from the mass of evidence accumulated to enlighten us in respect to the personal character of the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 beyond entire satisfaction that he acted solely as his sovereign's agent1 at his instigation1 and entirely under such authority as he could alone give him under all the circumstances of such an important secret mission4 ,charles the ,first's confidence in him was by no means misplaced1 and he had no doubt well weighed his character before taking him into his confidence4 ,for this inquiry he had sufficient opportunity while the ,earl was at his court1 and again while himself a guest at ,raglan4 ,he well knew the weak side of the father and the son1 the one expectant that his ,majesty would be 8a defender of the faith10 the other warm-hearted1 and generous1 to an extraordinary and enthusiastic degree4 ,not alone were the ,marquis and ,lord ,herbert deceived by the machinations of the wily monarch1 but so likewise were the whole ,roman ,catholic community4 ,had it been otherwise we might suspect undue measures would have been adopted1 but wherever such were carried into effect they were on the side of the ,crown and not of the subject4 ,charles the ,first's duality of character in this respect has never been1 nor can be1 successfully refuted4 ,embarking1 therefore1 in his ,majesty's cause1 in ,ireland1 we cease to be surprised that the ,earl of ,glamorgan should1 consistently with his faith1 be in constant consultation with the ,nuncio and conform to proffered oaths4 ,in short1 had he adopted any other course than that which he pursued1 his negociations would from the first either have ceased1 or merged into the dilatory measures attending the ,lord ,lieutenant's previous course1 which it was expected by the ,king that the ,earl would be able to out-run and overmatch4 ,but his utmost diplomatic skill was insufficient to grapple with and satisfy the grasping party on his own side2 and he was equally unsuccessful placed in opposition to such practised politicians as ,ormond1 ,digby1 and others4 ,and above all1 a supreme difficulty must have been1 the conducting of his entire system to accord with the subtleties and secrecies of the ,king's personally communicated and private counsels4 ,he was thus placed in many painful straits1 but which his ardent1 vigorous temperament determined him to overcome4 ,in his position1 however1 the ,earl felt a compulsory necessity to maintain great secrecy2 negociating with many mental reservations4 ,he had to satisfy the ,king1 while he did not wish to disoblige ,ormond1 and although there was a natural bond of sympathy between himself and the ,roman ,catholic party1 he could neither wholly accede to the ,nuncio's measures nor satisfy the ,council4 ,to the best of his ability he consistently and conscientiously employed the vast powers delegated to him for the good of his ,king and his country through his own party2 so that no historian1 not his most bitter1 sarcastic enemies1 can point to any single fact that could cast the slightest taint on the rectitude of his conduct throughout the unfortunate and unhappy transactions into which it was his misfortune to be drawn by a too sanguine1 hopeful1 but helpless monarch4 ,on the #crd of ,april the ,earl wrote to the ,marquis of ,ormond3--,a 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,excellency1 8,with many thanks for your letter delivered me by ,sir ,vivien ,molineux1 give me leave to congratulate your ,excellency's happy escape from the mischievous intentions against you by the wicked enterprise for the taking of the castle of ,dublin4 ,and as nobody joys more in your deliverance than ,i do1 so cannot any one wish more heartily than ,i1 that all the warnings which your ,excellency hath had might prevail to persuade you1 in whom you might totally best confide1 and of whom to beware2 and then with a stedfast resolution to adhere to your truest and most real friends4 ,amongst whom1 if your ,excellency afford me not a place1 ,i dare boldly say that it is not for want of having already endeavoured to deserve the same by serving you1 with as great expressions1 both public and private1 as my wish and will could possibly obtain unto4 ,neither shall my future actions be inferior to what is past1 but shall 7,god willing7 enact those things wherein my good will only can yet be seen3 for upon the ground work of my professed reality and affection unto your ,excellency1 and of your noble and friendly acceptance thereof1 have ,i ever thought to build a fabric of my future services to his ,majesty and most real friendship to yourself1 whose subsistence ,i tender as mine own4 ,and if your ,excellency's first begotten and expressed confidence in me had not been retarded by some unknown means unto me1 though ,i humbly and thankfully acknowledge you never suffered it to be extinguished2 give me leave to aver with truth1 that your ,excellency ere this should have seen the remarkable effects thereof4 ,but this is so copious a theme1 as that ,i fear already ,i have been too prolix1 ,i will therefore abridge myself1 and not extend unto the latitude1 which the truth of this subject prompts me unto4 8,and to the second part of your ,excellency's letter1 give me leave to thank you for your tenderness in not accepting the #bejj from me2 but also your ,excellency may know1 that it is upon a reliance thereon1 that the ,council offered you the #cjjj1 and for the performance thereof ,i am enforced to this journey1 without which against the prefixed time ,i could not have supplied them with the money4 ,now to the latter part of your letter1 wherein you promise ,i should at large hear farther from you1 as upon ,friday last2 but yet have received no other your commands1 which ,i expected1 before ,i thought it necessary to answer yours of the #bdth of ,march4 ,but receiving no other your directions1 ,i think it opportune to let your ,excellency know1 that1 of three vessels which ,i sent for a convoy unto the ,prince1 ,sir ,nicholas ,crispe1 and ,mr4 ,hasendanke1 the merchant1 ,i have but one return1 ,captain ,allen being taken and stript4 ,and ,i hear a packet of your ,excellency's1 as well as letters1 thrown overboard without weight1 were taken up2 which ,i look for shortly to have in print4,b 8,by the sole return which came unto me1 ,i received notice from the ,prince and those about him1 in how ill a condition he was enforced to retire into the ,isle of ,scilly1 where he now is2 and made use of ,hasendanke's frigates to transport himself1 whereby ,i was not only disappointed of what ,i hoped for by the ,prince1 but also of his4 8,sir ,nicholas ,crispe indeed offers to send me three1 but they were not then with him1 and he desires a return from me first1 so that only my ,lord of ,antrim's frigates are come2 and a ship with #ah pieces of ordnance1 which is hourly expected1 and bought by me at ,galway4 ,two ,hollanders there are likewise at ,waterford1 and two frigates likewise of ,captain ,antonio's1 and the ,spanish agents1 which carry ordnance4 ,these are all of force1 and truly ,i conceive1 might1 for so short a cut1 be a sufficient convoy1 were not ,chester taken1 the ,prince in so bad a condition1 and some defeat of my brother's forces in ,glamorganshire spoken of4 ,but upon these considerations1 how hazardous it will be to send away a part of the army only4 ,i humbly offer to your ,excellency1 not speaking anything of a great disheartening and discouragement some take at a pretended declaration of his ,majesty against me1 though ,i myself value it so little1 as that1 could ,i1 without shortening much more advantage to his ,majesty's service1 go myself in person with #fjjj men1 ,i should no ways boggle thereat4 ,and as it now stands1 to give testimony that my zeal is not lessened to his service1 and that you may have further assurance of my care to your person1 ,i make this offer1 that if you please to join1 and together with the ,supreme ,council assure me1 that against my return ,i may have #aj1jjj men in readiness for his ,majesty's service1 ,i will immediately go and bring back with me twenty sail of good shipping at the least1 well furnished for men of war2 #dj1jjj ready money2 #aj1jjj musquets1 #b1jjj case of pistols1 #hjj barrels of powder1 and a gallant train of artillery4,c ,for ,i shrink not at this instant from pain and expenses out of diminution of zeal to his ,majesty's service1 as by the present difficulties propounded may perchance be surmised by others1 though not by your ,excellency1 who 7,i am confident7 will make a right construction1 and how ,i only would willingly retire myself from further present charge1 as a ram doth to take a greater vease4 ,for ,i am not so much frightened at the bugbear declaration1 but that1 if ,i could go myself with a considerable force and provisions1 it should not any ways deter me1 from the confidence ,i have in his ,majesty's justice and goodness4 ,it is true that two days since ,i have sent to take myself off from paying demurrage1 which would have amounted to one hundred or two hundred pounds a day4 ,but the shipping are still under an embargo1 and the soldiers designed for ,england no other ways disposed of1 who may in the interim until my return be useful unto this kingdom1 assisted by the ,nuncio's purse4 ,if therefore your ,excellency resolve upon my journey1 ,i pray send me immediate word by this messenger1 whom ,i have sent of purpose1 assuring that the shipping ,i speak of shall also attend this coast4 ,and if 7which ,god forbid7 the ,king should be already joined with the ,parliament1 and that my services for him there be consequently rejected1 ,i shall endeavour to serve his ,majesty at my return in preserving your ,excellency and this kingdom for him2 and nothing but an extraordinary confidence in your ,excellency's goodness1 and an infinite zeal unto my master's service1 could make me take this resolution2 which ,i humbly submit to your better judgment1 and ever remain1 8,your ,excellency's1 c4 8,,glamorgan4 8,waterford1 the #crd of ,april1 #afdf40 ,the reply made by the ,marquis of ,ormond1,d to this noble offer1 only three days after1 shows that he did not esteem it as being in any way extravagant or impossible2 he writes3-- 8,,my ,,lord1 8,i receive your gratulations and devices for my future security as evident testimonies of your continued favour to me2 and ,i am much joyed to find1 that the accidents fallen out concerning your ,lordship have not left any impression on you1 to the prejudice of the real affection you give me to bear you4 8,my ,lord1 ,i had1 according to my promise1 given you a larger account of things here2 but that1 at the concluding of the articles1 we found ourselves so straitened in time1 that many material parts of the agreement were fain to be put in another way than was first thought of2 and at this instant ,i am so pressed with important despatches from ,kilkenny1 that ,i shall be able but shortly and confusedly to give you a return to the main parts of your ,lordship's letter of the #crd of this month1 which came to my hands yesterday about noon4 ,touching the noble and large offer you are pleased to make of shipping1 arms1 ammunition1 and a train of artillery for the ,king's service1 in case you may receive assurance from those in power among the confederates1 and from me1 that ten thousand men shall be ready against your return1 to be transported to serve the ,king in ,england4 ,i return your ,lordship this answer1 that ,i shall1 and by this letter do1 cheerfully oblige myself for as much as shall lie in my power1 either in my public or private capacity1 to have that number of men in the readiness you expect2 and to compass it1 am contented all the remainder of my fortune should stand engaged4 ,if your ,lordship can procure as much as this from the other party1 ,i conceive you will proceed in your intended voyage with satisfaction1 and return 7,i hope7 with success2 which is earnestly wished by 8,your ,lordship's1 c4 8,,ormond4 8,dublin ,castle1 the #fth of ,april1 #afdf40 ,the following letter from the ,king1 dated the #bjth of ,july1 #afdf1;,e originally written in cipher1 while it shows the estimation in which he justly held the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 only throws a darker shade on his own mysterious and inexplicable line of policy4 ,the ,earl's zeal and unbounded confidence in his ,royal ,master 7determining rather to die in his service than to break faith with him71 served1 as they well might to continue him in his favour3-- 8,,glamorgan1 8,i am not so strictly guarded1 but that if you send to me a prudent and secret person1 ,i can receive a letter1 and you may signify to me your mind1 ,i having always loved your person and conversation1 which ,i ardently wish for at present more than ever1 if it could be had without prejudice to you1 whose safety is as dear to me as my own4 ,if you can raise a large sum of money by pawning my kingdoms,f for that purpose1 ,i am content you should do it2 and if ,i recover them1 ,i will fully repay that money4 ,and tell the ,nuncio1 that if once ,i can come into his and your hands1 which ought to be extremely wished for by you both1 as well for the sake of ,england as ,ireland1 since all the rest1 as ,i see1 despise me1 ,i will do it4 ,and if ,i do not say this from my heart1 or if in any future time ,i fail you in this1 may ,god never restore me to my kingdoms in this world1 nor give me eternal happiness in the next1 to which ,i hope this tribulation will conduct me at last1 after ,i have satisfied my obligations to my friends1 to none of whom am ,i so much obliged as to yourself1 whose merits towards me exceed all expressions1 that can be used by 8,your constant ,friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,from ,newcastle1 ,july #bjth1 #afdf40 ,on receipt of this letter in ,ireland1 a copy of it was sent to the ,pope1 who is related to have shed tears1 with mingled feelings of gratification and sorrow1 the ,king's circumstances being so desperate2 while at the same time his determination to favour the ,irish and ,english ,roman ,catholics in all their demands was1 to all appearance1 proportionably increased4 ,the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 on his part1 sent his suggestions and devised a plan for his ,majesty's safe conduct to ,ireland2 but the scheme either failed or was abandoned4 ,on the #cjth of ,august1 the ,earl addressed a long letter to the ,lord ,lieutenant1,g when he must have been unaware of the fate of ,raglan ,castle3-- 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,excellency1 8,i have this long time expected your commands1 which to receive1 having sent two expresses1 ,i verily believed would have come ere this into my hands2 trusting likewise to ,mr4 ,walsingham's solicitations2 but as yet ,i have neither heard from him nor your ,excellency1 one word since his departure1 and receiving an earnest desire from the ,nuncio to speak with me2 as understanding likewise how prejudicial it might be to me1 and especially to my brother who is in ,italy1 if the dean whom he hath sent thither1 should depart without satisfaction from me of so pressing an occasion1 as was by my ,lord ,nuncio pretended unto me4 ,i repaired thither on ,saturday last1 with so much the more contentment as that ,i persuaded myself that your ,excellency would be at ,kilkenny1 and ,i so much the nearer to kiss your hands2 but ,i now return to the county of ,clare1 there to expect your commands4 ,yet let me not forget to give you an account of the business ,i was sent for4 ,the rumour being spread that the ,concessions 7which some call mine7 were to be printed and published at ,kilkenny1 as ,i have absolutely disowned any such thing to my ,lord ,nuncio1 and denied to patronise the same2 so ,i think myself bound to acquaint your ,excellency1 and by your means the ,council ,table1 how mindful ,i am of the favours ,i there received1 so as not to incur the least censure of yours and theirs by enacting anything1 for which ,i had already a check4 ,and certainly it cannot be imagined that the ,supreme ,council which was1 could expect or desire any such thing at my hands1 since they never urged to take off my recognizance1 which through innocency ,i also neglected1 and ,i joy to be disengaged from so perilous a business1 protesting before ,almighty ,god1 that since that time ,i have entered into no new engagements unto them2 and what hath passed before 7conditions not having been held with me71 none of the ,commissioners themselves can think them obligatory1 all other reasons also considered4 ,besides1 when they had first thought to make use of them1 it was resolved1 that after the completing of conditions with your ,excellency1 they might bear a true date subsequent thereunto2 and how invalid they are without the same is sufficiently evident1 abstracting from the ,king's declaration1 which 7though enforced upon him71 ,i esteem it yet a warning for further proceedings therein1 and fit only for great persons1 who can maintain the same1 to go contrary to the intimation of his ,majesty's pleasure1 though never so compulsorily granted4 ,for as ,i never have1 nor will esteem1 and be frighted at the contradiction of any others1 when the intimation of his ,majesty's pleasure continues to me in any particular unrevoked2 so1 on the contrary1 can ,i never be drawn1 for any man's pleasure1 to go immediately contrary to what proceedeth from him1 deeming it not my part to enter into dispute which way his ,majesty is induced1 when ,i see his positive act extant4 ,let this1 therefore 7,i beseech your ,excellency71 give you and the world satisfaction1 that ,i no ways countenance the standing upon any articles heretofore treated of by me1 who am no more tied to make anything thereof good1 than any man is to deliver up the possession of his lands for which he never received the consideration agreed upon4 ,besides1 in order to the ,king's subsistence1 one man was then more considerable than three now4 ,in fine1 having washed my hands of that business1 verify ,i will that proverb that the ,child burned dreads the fire4 ,and those noble ,lords1 who stand my bail1 may be confident1 ,i shall never deservedly put them in fright1 or myself in danger to save them further harmless2 or to show such ingratitude to your ,excelleney and the ,council as to own those concessions which they so much endeavoured to prevent4 ,and thus fearing to have been too tedious1 ,i abruptly kiss your ,lordship's hands and ever remain 8,your ,excellency's1 c4 8,,glamorgan4 8,waterford1 the #cjth of ,august1 #afdf40 ,ormond replied under date1 ,dublin ,castle1 the #bnd of ,september1 #afdf1 saying--8,i must profess myself exceedingly satisfied with the prudence of your ,lordship's carriage at ,waterford1 and with the wisdom of the resolution you have taken in the particular of those things now endeavoured to be fastened upon you20 444 and which course he designates 8a thing so much to your ,lordship's honour and advantage40 ,under date of #aath of ,september1 the ,earl again addressed the ,lord ,lieutenant3,h 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,excellency1 8,i think myself very happy in that the resolution which appeared in my letter unto you proved so acceptable1 as by the noble expressions of your letter and of my ,lord ,digby's ,i find it is1 and do humbly acknowledge infinite thanks for your ,excellency's great desire of seeing me2 and had the self-same letter informed me of any service ,i could have done you1 ,i should have been far from taking the resolution which ,i now have put on1 correspondent unto my expressions in my last unto your ,excellency1 and unto the sense for which the commendations given me by you 7,i conceive7 do proceed3 which was to keep myself free from having any part in those most unfortunate and newly occasioned distractions1 from which the further ,i withdraw myself1 and the sooner1 suits best with my disposition4 ,besides1 my intentions wherewith ,i came into this kingdom were first to serve his ,majesty and it2 and next to serve your ,excellency above all his subjects1 and my own friends1 which being now frustrated1 that part only remains which can only die with myself1 which is ,omnibus viis et modis1 to endeavour to promote his ,majesty's service1 finding myself more capable and more probable for to do it elsewhere for this present1 than in this kingdom4 ,i hasten towards the sea-side1 where ,i am informed some conveniency of shipping will afford2 444 yet ,i could not omit to send a person of trust and confidence1 by whom your ,excellency may send unto me before my departure such notions as perhaps you may think not fit to put to paper4 ,and if1 either by word of mouth or writing sent by so trusty a person as ,mr4 ,joyner 7by whom ,i have sent you the reasons1 that debar me of the happiness to kiss your ,excellency's hands in transitu71 ,i find myself thought capable by you to serve his ,majesty or your ,excellency longer in these parts1 and more advantageously than what ,i am now going about1 you may be confident to receive such a return from me as may best stand with my duty to his ,majesty and my affection to your person1 to whom my professions have been ever real2 and had my ambition and only thoughts taken place1 ,i dare boldly say1 ,i should have vied with the nearest person in blood or affection you have in ,ireland1 in the reality of being ever1 8,your ,excellency's most really 8affectionate kinsman and 8devoted servant1 8,,glamorgan4 8,limerick1 the #aath of ,september1 #afdf40 ,illustration3 ,the ,earl of ,glamorgan's writing in the address of a ,cipher letter ,facsimile of a letter written by the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 ,september1 #afdf-g4 ,among the ,carte ,,mss4 in the ,bodleian ,library1 from which the foregoing letter is taken1 there occurs a curious undated letter written in cipher1 which it is just possible may be the writing above named 8sent by so trusty a person as ,mr4 ,joyner40 ,the annexed engraving is a facsimile of an endorsement at the back of it in the ,earl's own hand-writing1 affording the only specimen approaching to an autograph exemplifying his use of the title of ,glamorgan,i yet made public3 every effort to obtain it in any other form having proved unavailing4 ,and on page #ahj1 an exact copy is given of the letter itself1 as traced from the original4 ,illustration3 ,the letter written in his ,cipher4 ,facsimile of a letter written by the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 ,september1 #afdf-g4 ,the ,nuncio wrote from ,kilkenny on the #bast of ,september1 #afdf1 to ,cardinal ,pamphilio at ,rome1,j as follows3-- 8,among other patents and commissions signed by the ,king1 and brought by the ,earl of ,glamorgan from ,england1 there is one1 appointing him ,lord ,lieutenant of ,ireland1 upon the expiration of the ,marquis of ,ormond's term of holding that post1 or in case the ,marquis should1 by any fault1 deserve to be removed from it4 ,for this reason1 ,i was of opinion1 that the ,earl1 who had designed to go to ,rome1 should stay for the present in this kingdom1 imagining1 that a way might perhaps be opened for accomplishing this affair4 ,and in fact the way seems open for us1 since the ,marquis of ,ormond is now publicly negotiating with the ,parliamentarians1 and consequently making a treaty with the ,king's enemies4 ,upon which occasion1 the ,earl1 being desirous of advancing himself to the ,marquis's post1 has begun to solicit the consent of the kingdom1 and believes1 that he has the interest of the two ,generals1 and all the ,congregation of the ,clergy and the ,new ,council4 ,i have thought it the more proper to promote this affair1 since when ,dublin shall be taken1 it will be immediately necessary for the kingdom to provide a ,lord ,lieutenant4 ,and it is a point of no small importance to the present situation of affairs1 to begin with appointing to that post a ,catholic1 so highly beloved by this kingdom and the ,king himself4 ,besides it is to be considered1 that the ,king's inclination and pleasure concurs with this design2 for though his ,majesty has appointed the ,earl by his lesser seal only1 yet that is sufficient for the ,irish1 since they have just reason to consider that appointment as legal and valid4 ,add to this1 that as the ,confederates of ,ireland have it in their view to transport the ,holy ,faith into ,england by their arms1 no person appears to be more fit for the execution of such a purpose1 than the ,earl1 in whom two characters are united1 that of a faithful servant to the ,king1 and a perfect ,catholic2 and who1 the winter before1 was ready to carry over to the ,king from that country ten thousand men for the same purposes4 ,some1 and those but a few1 oppose this design1 upon this single consideration1 that the ,earl being both an ,englishman and of a very mild temper1 will not be favourable enough to ,ireland1 nor exert the firmness necessary in this case4 ,but ,i believe no better choice can now possibly be made1 and that the appointment of a ,catholic ,lord ,lieutenant1 who is in so many respects attached to the ,apostolical ,see1 and bound to it by oath and promises1 which the ,earl has a hundred times repeated to me1 is sufficient to weigh down every other doubt40 ,and about the #bhth of the same month the ,earl took the following ,oath,k to the ,nuncio3-- 8,i1 ,edward ,earl of ,glamorgan1 c4 faithfully promise and swear1 that ,i will do nothing of moment without the consent and approbation of the most illustrious ,nuncio2 and if ,i shall happen to do anything imprudently1 which shall not be approved by him1 ,i will correct my error upon the first intimation of his pleasure1 and obey his commands4 ,if it should be more conducive to the praise and glory of ,god1 the splendour of the ,catholic ,church1 and the happiness of this kingdom1 that the post of ,lord ,lieutenant be conferred upon another person rather than myself2 ,i swear1 that ,i will readily and without reluctance resign it1 at the command of the most illustrious ,nuncio4 ,and in all things ,i vow a perfect1 voluntary1 and religious obedience to his ,holiness1 saving any secular obligations towards my most serene ,king4 ,and if ,i fail in any part of the oath taken by me1 ,i consent1 that the said oath be published1 and myself exposed2 otherwise the said oath shall be communicated only to the ,bishop of ,fernes1 ,chancellor of the ,congregation1 and ,father ,robert ,nugent1 ,superior of the ,jesuits in ,ireland4 ,in confirmation of this oath voluntarily taken by me1 ,i have written all this with my own hand1 subscribed my name1 and affixed my seal1 the #bhth of ,september1 #afdf4 8,,glamorgan40 ,these various letters and documents make us familiar with the ,earl of ,glamorgan's ,irish treaties1,l and to a great extent with the cause of their failure3 a most happy and provident circumstance for himself1 his family1 and above all for his country4 ,his conduct throughout1 notwithstanding the many temptations in his way1 and his own naturally enthusiastic conduct in every enterprise in which he engaged1 bears none of the distinguishing traits of intolerant bigotry4 ,the ,king had already sapped the ,earl's available property1 and was continually tantalising him with the prospect of coming fortune and ample honours4 ,he fawned on the old ,marquis and flattered his son2 inducing the one to place his wealth1 and the other his honour and happiness at his disposal4 ,perhaps in the whole course of his political scheming he never succeeded so completely1 as in this instance1 in thoroughly victimising any single noble family4 ,on the #ast of ,october1 #afdf1 the ,house of ,lords ordered1 ,that a pass be granted to the ,lady ,herbert1 ,countess of ,glamorgan1 into ,ireland1 with thirty of her menial servants1 etc4,m#gd ,so that from ,august1 when she left ,raglan ,castle1 with the other inmates1 to this period1 she must have been a wanderer4 ,towards the close of the year #afdf1 it was decided between the ,earl and his own party1 to send his brother1 the ,lord ,john ,somerset1 a zealous ,catholic1 on a mission to the ,pope4 ,the ,earl's complicity with the clergy in these affairs1 which had been conducted with great secrecy1 occasioned much suspicion1 creating for him many enemies among the ,protestant party4 ,in ,august1 #afdg1 the ,marquis of ,ormond1 leaving ,ireland1 waited on ,charles the ,first at ,hampton ,court3 ,dublin being besieged1 and likely to fall into possession of the ,english ,parliament4 ,while affairs were in this distracted state the ,earl was apprised of his father's decease1 in ,december1 #afdf2 and as ,marquis of ,worcester1 he wrote from ,galway to the titular ,bishop of ,fernes3--#bf 8,,my ,,noble ,,lord1 8,although the place whither ,i go be now changed upon serious consideration1 and my ,lord ,nuncio's concurrence therein1 as most advantageous super totam materiam1 yet are my intentions the same they were when ,i left your ,lordship2 and ,i hope a shorter way contrived to them than ,i then imagined1 having found a probable 7,i may call it even a certain7 way to bring the ,queen about to befriend this nation4 ,in the interim1 ,i beseech your ,lordship1 together with the ,lord ,bishop of ,clogher and ,mr4 ,rochfort1 to be mindful of your promises to me1 and to be sure that ,general ,o',neile dissent not from the letter which you approved2 the contents whereof ,i have not failed accordingly to recommend to his ,majesty3 and if ,i should deceive him therein1 ,i must betake myself unto your ,lordship's advice and approbation1 given thereupon4 ,the copy of the original letter1 together with the ,nuncio's recommendation1 are to be delivered to ,general ,o',neile by ,father ,definitor2 and ,i have no more to say than that your ,lordships 7as ,i have said before71 with ,mr4 ,rochfort are the ,triumvirate and the pillars upon whom ,i build1 making no question of the goodness of that foundation2 and ,i hope none of you do of my affection1 which is not only devoted to yourselves1 but as you shall further apply it to such persons as may be useful to ,god's service1 the ,king my master's1 and the good of this kingdom4 ,and so1 with my service to you all1 ,i ever remain1 8,my ,lord1 8,your ,lordship's most humble 8and devoted ,servant1 8,,worcester4 8,galway1 #abth ,oct4 #afdg40 ,his ,lordship ultimately left ,ireland in company with ,father ,george ,leyburn1 a ,roman ,catholic priest1 with whom he went to ,france in ,march1 #afdg-h4fa ,footnotes #ac ,birch1 p4 #age4 #ac ,birch1 p4 #ahb2 ,nuncio's ,memoirs2 and ,siri1 ,mercurio1 ,vol4 viii4 #hg ,rushworth1 ,part ,,iv4 vol4 ,i4 p4 #bdi4 #ac ,birch1 ,inq4 p4 #ahd4 #ac ,birch1 p4 #ahh4 #ac ,birch1 p4 #aib4 ,a ,bod4 ,lib4 8,carte ,papers1 #afcd-afeg1 ,ireland1 #fc40 ,no4 #agb4 ,b ,see page #abd4 ,c ,this statement agrees pretty nearly with that occurring at page #afj1 and in 8,the ,earl of ,glamorgan's instructions to me1 to be presented to your ,majesty10 signed by ,edward ,bosden1 #bast of ,march1 #afdd1 viz43-- 8,that1 ,god willing1 by the end of ,may or beginning of ,june1 he will land with #fjjj ,irish1 c4 c4 8,that to advance these his undertakings1 he hath #cj1jjj ready1 #aj1jjj muskets1 #bjjj case of pistols1 #hjj barrels of powder1 besides his own artillery2 and is ascertained of #cj1jjj more1 which will be ready upon his return40 ,see the 8,king's ,cabinet opened10 #dto4 #afde4 ,and ,birch's ,inquiry1 #agef1 p4 #eg4 ,d ,bod4 ,lib4 8,carte ,papers1 #afcd-afeg1 ,ireland1 #fc40 ,no4 #age4 ,e ,a ,latin copy is in the ,nuncio's ,memoirs1 and in ,italian in ,vittorio ,liri's ,mercurio1 ,vol4 vii4 p4 #ig1 #ih4 ,translation in ,birch's ,inquiry1 #hvo4 #agef1 p4 #bdd4 ,f ,being empowered by the ,king's ,commission of the #ast ,april1 #afdd ,g ,bod4 ,lib4 8,carte ,papers1 #afcd-afeg1 ,ireland1 #fc40 ,no4 #bjb4 ,h ,bod4 ,lib4 8,carte ,papers1 #afcd-afeg1 ,ireland1 #fc40 ,no4 #bjg4 ,i ,the autograph of ,glamorgan is said by ,dr4 ,lingard to have attested a copy of his ,warrant of #abth ,january1 #afdd2 possibly the one originally handed by him to the ,marquis of ,ormond4 ,it is not1 however1 among his papers at ,st4 ,cuthbert's ,college1 ,durham4 ,j ,nuncio's ,memoirs1 fol4 #acgf-acgi4 ,birch1 ,inq4 p4 #bec-bef4 ,k ,see his previous ,oath1 page #aei4 ,l ,see his own explanations1 given in a letter to the ,earl of ,clarendon1 dated #aath ,june1 #affj4 ,m ,lords' ,jour4 ,,viii4 #ejg4 #gd ,nichols4 #bf ,clarendon1 vol4 ii4 p4 #chj4 #fa ,leyburn1 p4 #fa4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,the ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester ,,an ,,exile2 ,,resides ,,in ,,france4 ,the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 succeeding to his father's title and honours in ,december1 #afdf1 while he was yet in ,ireland1 very soon after1 as we have seen1 went to ,france1 a voluntary exile4 ,his countrymen had heaped on him 7in common with the entire ,roman ,catholic adherents to the royal cause7 all the acrimonious abuse which political and religious intolerance is always too ready to disseminate1 with a zealous ardour which defies discrimination4 ,his fate1 it is true1 was the general fate of hundreds of noble families1 condemned in like manner to suffer for their loyalty4 ,while we are prone to praise what is gained by a rebellion1 we are apt to overlook whether the civil war entered upon for effecting it1 might not have been avoided2 and while lauding times which bring to light some great military and naval spirits or still greater statesmen1 we overlook entirely the possibility of altogether destroying the mental energies of men of brighter intellects1 doomed to fall in the flower of their age on the field of battle4 ,the blessings of good government all readily admit1 but sad indeed is it1 when wholesome changes in a state have to be effected through convulsions that paralyse a nation's advance in civilization4 ,it is clear1 on a retrospect1 that much has been delayed1 much missed1 and more possibly lost that otherwise might have arisen from energies sacrificed1 alas6 to the sword1 and fortunes turned into other and wasteful channels4 ,in this nineteenth century we can calmly look with some wonder and astonishment on the indifference of the seventeenth1 in failing to realize at least some of the ,marquis of ,worcester's remarkable ,inventions1 of which we shall shortly have to treat more at large4 ,on the #ahth of ,september1 #afdf1 the ,house of ,commons 8,ordered1 ,that the ,lady ,herbert1 wife of the ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan1 shall have ,mr4 ,speaker's pass to go into ,france1 only according to the pass given her by ,sir ,thomas ,fairfax40 ,mr4 ,carte1#bd in his life of the ,duke of ,ormond1 incidentally alludes to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 as being at ,paris a few months before ,march1 #afdh2 he says3-- 8,in #afdh1 the ,duke of ,ormond considered the ,parliament was grown jealous of him1 and wanted a pretext to seize his person4 ,he had notice likewise given him1 that a warrant was actually issued out for that purpose1 though in breach of the articles4,a ,upon this advertisement1 he quitted ,acton--ten miles from ,bristol1 where he was then residing1--and crossing the country to ,hastings in ,sussex1 he took shipping for ,france1 and landed happily at ,dieppe in ,normandy4 ,from thence he went in the beginning of ,march #afdh to ,paris1 there to wait upon the ,queen and ,prince1 and assist with his advice in the present conjuncture of affairs1 when matters of the greatest consequence1 the most intricate nature1 and the most embroiled circumstances1 were under their consideration1 and resolutions to be taken therein for his ,majesty's service30--he having just previously escaped from the ,isle of ,wight4 8,the ,earl of ,glamorgan,b had come to ,paris a few months before him1 recommended by the ,nuncio ,rinuccini to ,cardinal ,mazarine1 and to the ,pope's ,nuncio in that place1 on account of his attachment to the ,holy ,see1 though unfortunate in all his undertakings1 and not endued with that prudence which was necessary to the post he desired4 ,his business there was to solicit the ,queen to make him ,governor of ,ireland1 but he met with so ill a reception at ,court1 that he soon despaired of succeeding4 ,his ,lady1 to whom the ,marquis of ,ormond had once made his addresses1 7before he had hopes of marrying his cousin1 and uniting the estate of his family7 resented the neglect shewed of her ,lord1 and imputed it1 as well as his imprisonment at ,dublin1 to the influence and power of the ,marquis4 ,she carried her resentment so far1 that when he waited upon her after his arrival at ,paris1 and offered to salute her1 she turned away her face with great disdain4 ,the ,marquis thereupon made her a reverence1 and with great presence of mind1 said1 #8,really1 ,madam1 this would have troubled me eighteen years ago2',c and then went to the next1 the company present being of his acquaintance1 and much pleased with what he had said40 ,we may here pause to remark that1 from the close of the year #afdj1 when the ,long ,parliament commenced its memorable sittings1 the prominent events affecting the history of art and science in ,england are comparatively meagre1 as might be expected1 while the public mind was being perpetually distracted and disturbed not by intestine war alone1 but also by plague and pestilence in fearful forms4 ,of remarkable events of the period we especially notice the fortifying of ,london in #afdc1 and the delivering up of ,charles the ,first to the ,parliament by the ,scots in ,january #afdg1 followed by his execution on the #cjth of ,january #afdi1 the establishment of the ,commonwealth on the #fth of ,february following1 and of the ,protectorate under ,cromwell in #afed4 ,under the new regime1 public taste either was greatly changed1 or was to be compulsorily directed into new channels1 for1 in #afdg1 theatrical performances were prohibited1 actors were declared rogues and vagabonds1 and all places usually employed for theatrical performances were ordered to be demolished4 ,such was the narrow-minded and furious puritanical zeal of the then governing power4 ,charles the ,second held his ,court at ,paris1 where alone the ,marquis of ,worcester associated with the libertine monarch2 at least no circumstance occurs to show that he ever removed with the ,court in its several changes to ,cologne1 ,bruges1 ,brussels1 and other continental towns4 ,sir ,richard ,browne1 ambassador at ,paris1 in his correspondence with ,john ,evelyn1 when writing from ,paris1 the #crd of ,august1 #afdh1 incidentally observes in a postscript3--8,our ,court wants money1 and lives very quietly at ,st4 ,germains3 where no peer appears but my ,lord ,jermin4 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester1 the ,lords ,digby and ,hatton1 though yet in ,france1 yet live for the most part in ,paris40#cg ,the ,marquis had been little more than a year in ,france1 when he seems to have written to the exiled ,king1 then at ,jersey1 for some confirmation of his titles2 to which request he received the following courtly compliments and vain empty promises3--,d 8,,my ,,lord ,,worcester1 ,i am truly sensible of your great merit and sufferings in the service of the ,king my father1 and ,i shall never be wanting to reward and encourage as well that kindness to his person as that zeal to his service which you have expressed in all your actions1 and which ,i doubt not but you will still continue to me4 ,i fear that in this conjuncture of time it will not be seasonable for me to grant1 nor for you to receive the addition of honour you desire2 neither can ,i at this time send the order you mention concerning the ,garter1 but be confident that ,i will in due time give you such satisfaction in these particulars and in all other things that you can reasonably expect from me1 as shall let you see with how much truth and kindness ,i am 8,your affectionate friend1 8,,charles ,r4 8,i do not send the letter to ,monsieur ,monbrun till ,i understand more particularly from you what the intention of it is1 which ,i do not yet well understand4 8,jersey1 #ba_/ca of ,octob4 #afdi4 8,for the ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester40 ,the ,marquis was probably for four or five years a refugee in ,france1 intimately associated with the exiled ,court2 8,paris and indeed all ,france 7says ,evelyn#cg71 being full of loyal fugitives10 in #afej4 ,many vague surmises have originated with different writers to account for the manner in which he passed his time abroad1 all alike fallacious1 being inconsistent with facts4 ,it is certain that his finances were equally straitened with those1 not only of the nobility around him1 but likewise of the ,king himself4 ,he could have had but few1 if any1 opportunities for leisurely engaging in his usual studies1 much less for any practical pursuits in experimental natural philosophy4 ,that he was not wholly idle1 however1 we may well conceive2 yet it is more consistent to suppose that it was a period in his life which he would most likely employ to investigate the works of those writers whose labours he most affected1 rather than engage himself in productions which might only add to the danger as well as the difficulties of his uncertain journeyings1 surrounded as the ,court was with political spies4 ,during the ,marquis's absence on the continent1 we proceed to trace the progress of events at home4 ,footnotes #bd ,carte1 vol4 #b4 p4 #af4 ,a ,he had liberty by his articles to stay twelve months in ,england--but the ,parliament was jealous of his doing them a disservice4 ,b ,see ,nuncio's ,memoirs1 fol4 #ahah4 ,ireland1 iii4 #ajj4 ,c ,see her ,marriage in #afci1 page #cj4 #cg ,evelyn4 ,the ,editor of the ,diary erroneously indexes the ,marquis as--8,henry ,somerset1 c410 instead of 8,edward ,somerset1 c40 ,d ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 #cg ,evelyn4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,affairs ,,affecting ,,the ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester's ,,family1 ,,in ,,respect ,,of ,,worcester ,,house ,,and ,,other ,,property ,,in ,,and ,,near ,,london4 ,worcester ,house1 in the ,strand1 was of course early in possession of the ,parliament1 who used it for the state paper and other public offices4 ,the mansion had gardens to the water-side4,a ,in the reign of ,henry ,,viii4 it had belonged to the see of ,carlisle2 it was afterwards inhabited by the ,earls of ,bedford1 being then known as ,bedford and ,russell ,house1 from whom it came to the ,earls of ,worcester1 when it assumed their name4 ,it also figured as the temporary residence of the great ,earl of ,clarendon1#cg who is represented to have paid for it a rental of #ejjb per annum1 probably taking it furnished4 ,on the #bast of ,april1 #afdc1 the ,house of ,commons had#eg ordered1 8,that the iron seized in ,worcester ,house1 be forthwith sold2 and the proceeds delivered to the collectors in the county of ,middlesex1 appointed by the ordinance for seizing the estates of ,papists1 and notorious malignants2 to the end that they may be accountable to the ,committee for it3 ,and that no ,committee1 or other person1 do grant out ,warrants for seizing the estates of malignants1 without the knowledge of that ,committee2 in regard there is an ordinance settled to that purpose1 and a ,committee armed with power for the execution of the said ,ordinance1 in all the points and circumstances hereof40 ,in pursuance of an ,ordinance of ,parliament1,b passed the #aath of ,september1 #afdf1 contracts were concluded by the ,government with various purchasers of houses1 stables1 sheds and plots of ground1 the joint property of the ,marquis of ,worcester and his brother1 ,sir ,john ,somerset1 some situated in the parish of ,clements ,danes in the ,strand1 a part in ,drury ,lane1 and smaller tenements in ,fish-,street ,hill1 ,cross ,lane1 and ,coppings ,court1 in the ,city2 together with a house1 farm and land in ,stepney1 8alias ,stebunheath20 also the manor of ,acton1 with its farm-house1 buildings1 and #hje acres of land2 the whole for the sum of #ab1ehd4 #abs4--,nearly half this amount arose from the purchases of 8,william ,pennoyer and ,richard ,hill of ,london1 merchants10 to whom the ,government was indebted in the sum of #i1djb4 #es4--which was to be paid out of such sales of this property1 and any amount remaining was to bear 8interest after the rate of #h4 per centum for a year40 ,and they had further the option of claiming any purchases of the property not paid for within ten days2 so that either out of purchases or by forfeitures they were secured for their balance of #c1aii4 #acs4 over and above their own purchases4,c ,that ,worcester ,house became a depot for the security of treasure seized by the ,parliament1 we learn from a ,resolution passed by the ,commons#eg on the #ajth of ,january1 #afej4 8,resolved1 ,that ,colonel ,berksted be1 and is hereby1 required to appoint four of his soldiers to lodge every night at ,worcester ,house2 and four other of his soldiers to lodge every night at ,guildhall2 for the better securing the treasuries there1 from time to time1 as the ,treasurers at ,war shall appoint40 ,on the #aath of ,february following1 the ,house1#eg among other business-- 8,ordered1 ,that it be referred to the ,council of ,state1 to dispose of ,worcester ,house1 and the yards and gardens thereunto belonging1 for the best carrying on of the public service of the ,commonwealth40 ,the ,marchioness of ,worcester1 being deprived of other sources of property1 petitioned the ,parliament in respect to the only likely means of obtaining pecuniary consideration4 ,a copy of her petition1 being a printed folio fly-leaf1 probably as then in use for members of the ,house1 preserved in the ,library of the ,british ,museum1 has upon it the ,,ms4 date 8,october #afed10 but it is more probable that it was not presented to ,parliament before the end of #afef or early in #afeg4 ,it is as follows3-- 8,to the ,parliament of the ,commonwealth of ,england1 ,scotland1 and ,ireland4 8,the humble ,petition of ,margaret ,somerset ,countess of ,worcester4 8,sheweth1 8,that your ,petitioner having been married to ,edward1 now ,earl of ,worcester1 in the year #afci1 with a considerable portion1 to the value of twenty thousand pounds1 and not having received out of the whole estate but four hundred pounds these nine neares years1 in lieu of jointure1 fifths1 or thirds4 ,notwithstanding her claim and four years' attendance3 and finding now only ,worcester ,house unsold1 and in pursuit to discover some other little thing4 8,your ,petitioner humbly prayeth your ,honours1 to grant her the benefit of the said ,house1 and such other things as may be discovered4 8,and your ,petitioner shall ever pray1 c40 ,every circumstance connected with this petition acquires interest from the peculiar position of the times1 and of all parties interested4 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester had rendered himself highly obnoxious to the dominant party1 he was beyond their power1 a recusant and a papist1 and here was his noble ,lady petitioning the ,cromwellian ,parliament in respect to her rights1 a papist demanding her fifths at the hands of her husband's bitterest enemies4 ,we need1 therefore1 offer no apology for tracing rather more particularly than might otherwise seem requisite1 the course pursued in this simple affair4 ,on ,monday1 the #cjth of ,march1 #afeg1 ,mr4 ,burton#bb reports from the ,committee1 to whom the ,petition of ,margaret ,countess of ,worcester was referred2 8,a ,bill for settling the messuage in the ,strand1 called ,worcester ,house1 on ,trustees1 for the life of ,edward1 ,earl of ,worcester1 in trust1 for ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester1 in lieu and satisfaction of the arrears of her fifths1 was this day read the first time2 and1 upon the question1 ordered to be read the second time1 on ,thursday morning next40 ,on ,saturday1 the #bnd of ,may1 #afeg4 8,the ,bill for settling ,worcester ,house upon ,margaret ,countess of ,worcester1 and some discoveries1 in lieu of the arrears of her fifths1 was this day read the second time2 and1 upon the question1 committed to ,mr4 ,nath4 ,bacon1 ,mr4 ,franc4 ,bacon1 ,mr4 ,burton1 and #bi other members1 to meet on ,tuesday next40 ,on ,friday1 the #afth of ,june1 #afeg1 8a ,bill for settling of ,worcester ,house upon ,christofer ,copley1 ,esquire1 and ,william ,hawley1 ,esquire1 during the life of ,edward1 ,earl of ,worcester1 and also such monies as were due to the said ,earl or ,margaret his ,countess1 from ,barnaby1 ,earl of ,thomond2 in trust for the said ,countess1 was this day read the third time4 8,the humble petition of ,barnaby1 ,earl of ,thomond1 was this day read3 8,a ,proviso was tendered to this ,bill1 in these words2 viz4 #8,provided that this shall not impeach or invalid the sale of the ,gate-house of the said ,worcester ,house1 by the trustees appointed for the sale thereof4' 8,which was read the first and second time2 and1 upon the question1 agreed to be part of the ,bill4 8,and the said ,bill1 with the ,schedule annexed1 being put to the question1 passed4 8,ordered1 ,that this ,bill be tendered to the ,lord ,protector1 for his consent40 ,after other business1 the ,speaker1 with the whole ,house1 repaired to the ,painted ,chamber1 to present the ,bills to his ,highness1 who gave his assent to this1 along with other ,bills4#eg ,after much delay1 from unexplained postponements and references1 it was at length1 on the #bdth of ,march1 #afeh-i1 resolved1 to agree with the ,committee's recommendation4#bb ,we1 therefore1 find on the #adth of ,april1 #afei1eg after prayers-- 8,mr4 ,terill reports from the ,grand ,committee of the ,house of ,grievances1 the state of the case1 upon the petition of ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester1 concerning her interest in ,worcester ,house in the ,strand4 8,resolved1 c4 ,that ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester1 have the actual possession of ,worcester ,house in the ,strand delivered up to her on the #beth day of ,march next3 and that1 in the meantime1 the rent of #cjj be paid to her for the said house1 for this year1 commencing from the #beth day of ,march last1 out of the receipt of the ,exchequer1 half yearly1 by equal portions1 if her interest therein shall so long continue4 8,resolved1 c4 ,that the sum of #djj be paid to ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester1 or her assignees1 out of the receipt of the ,exchequer1 in recompense of all demands for the detaining of ,worcester ,house from her since her title thereto1 by virtue of the late act of ,parliament1 until the #beth day of ,march last4 8,sir ,george ,booth1 ,sir ,william ,wheeler1 ,mr4 ,raleigh1 ,sir ,william ,doyley1 ,mr4 ,annesley1 or any three of them1 are appointed a ,committee to wait on his ,highness1 the ,lord ,protector1 from this ,house1 to desire his ,highness to give direction for a ,privy-,seal to be issued for the payment1 as well of #djj allowed to the ,countess of ,worcester1 for her recompense of all demands for detaining of ,worcester ,house from her since her title thereunto1 by the late act of ,parliament2 as of the rent of #cjj appointed to be paid to her for this present year1 for the said house1 to end on the #beth of ,march next4 8,resolved1 c4 ,that it be referred to a ,committee1 to consider how to remove1 and where to place1 the conveyances1 records1 and other writings1 now remaining at ,worcester ,house1 so as they may be disposed for their safety1 and the service of the ,commonwealth4 8,a ,committee accordingly appointed40 8,tuesday1 the #aith of ,april1 #afei;,d 8,mr4 ,annesley reports from the ,committee appointed to attend his ,highness about the payment of #djj to the ,countess of ,worcester1 in satisfaction of all demands due to her1 for the use of ,worcester ,house1 till the #beth day of ,march last2 and of #cjj more for the rent of the said house for this present year1 to end the #beth day of ,march next2 that the ,committee had attended his ,highness1 and acquainted him with the ,orders of this ,house in that behalf3 that his ,highness was pleased to give the ,committee this answer1 ,that he assured himself the ,house had considered of her interest2 and that himself was therewith satisfied2 and did take notice of the ,orders2 and would give speedy direction for her satisfaction accordingly40 8,saturday1 ,august #bjth1 #afei4;,e 8,ordered1 ,that the sum of #f by the week shall be paid unto ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester1 or her assigns1 so long as ,worcester ,house shall be made use of by the ,commonwealth2 to be paid to her1 or her assigns1 out of the contingencies of the ,council of ,state3 and the acquittance of the said ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester1 testifying the receipt thereof1 shall be a sufficient discharge in that behalf4 8,ordered1 ,that the ,commissioners for removing of obstructions1 trustees1 contractors1 and other officers1 at ,worcester ,house1 do quit the said house1 as soon as they can conveniently1 without prejudice to the service of the ,commonwealth3 and that when the said house shall be quitted1 that the same shall be settled upon the ,countess of ,worcester1 or upon trustees to her use1 during the life of ,edward1 ,earl of ,worcester3 ,and it is 8,ordered1 ,that it be referred to a ,committee1 to set out some rooms in ,worcester ,house1 for the use of the said ,countess of ,worcester in the meantime3 ,and it is further-- 8,ordered1 ,that the said ,committee do also examine whether it is necessary for the ,commonwealth to continue to make use of ,worcester ,house for the service of the ,commonwealth2 or whether it be best to take some other course for the accommodation of the said ,commissioners1 c4 at ,worcester ,house1 c40 8,wednesday1 #adth ,march1 #afei4 ,afternoon4,f 8,an act for settling ,worcester ,house in the ,strand upon trustees1 for the use of ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester1 during the life of ,edward1 ,earl of ,worcester2 and also such monies as are due to the said ,earl or ,countess1 from ,barnaby1 ,earl of ,thomond1 was this day read the first time4 8,ordered1 ,that the pension of six pounds a week formerly ordered to ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester1 be continued until the ,parliament take further order2 and that the same be forthwith paid1 with all arrears thereof1 from the time of the granting thereof unto her the said ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester1 or her assigns1 out of the contingencies of the ,council of ,state3 ,and that the ,council of ,state be1 and are hereby1 authorized and required forthwith to pay the same1 accordingly3 ,and that the ,council of ,state be repaid the same money out of the public revenue of the ,exchequer4 8,ordered1 ,that the possession of ,worcester ,house in the ,strand1 in the county of ,middlesex1 be forthwith delivered up to ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester3 ,and the ,council of ,state are hereby authorized and required1 to take care1 that the possession of the said house be delivered up to her1 or her assigns1 accordingly40 8,wednesday1 #adth ,march1 #afei4 ,afternoon4,g 8,a ,bill empowering the trustees for sale of lands forfeited to the ,commonwealth for treason1 to convey ,worcester ,house to trustees in trust for ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester1 was this day read the first and second time2 and1 upon the question1 passed40 ,thus it occupied above two years to obtain anything approaching an equitable arrangement of the ,countess' very obvious claim1 concluding at last with a 8pension of six pounds a week10--a pension in arrear in ,march1 #afei1 but to be 8continued until the ,parliament take further order40 ,footnotes ,a ,see engraved view1 page #h4 #cg ,evelyn4 #b ,allen's ,london4 #eg ,jo4 ,h4 ,c4 ,vol4 iii4 p4 #ed4 ,b ,see 8,ordinances of ,parliament10 #afda-df1 #dto4 ,brit4 ,mus4 #eag1 ,k4 #aa-cf4 ,c ,see also ,miscellaneous ,,mss ,brit4 ,mus4 ,no4 #eeja4 #eg ,jo4 ,h4 ,c4 ,vol4 vii4 pp4 #ebc1 #ecc4 #eg ,jo4 ,h4 ,c4 ,vol4 vi4 pp4 #ebc1 #ecc4 #bb ,burton4 #eg ,jo4 ,h4 ,c4 ,vol4 vii4 p4 #eab1 #ebi1 #egf4 #bb ,burton4 #eg ,jo4 ,h4 ,c4 ,vol4 vii4 p4 #eab1 #ebi1 #egf4 ,d ,page #fdb4 ,e ,page #gfc4 ,f ,page #hge4 ,g ,page #hgf4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester's ,,son1 ,,and ,,two ,,daughters4 ,with a view to giving completeness to the preceding domestic narrative 7affecting the ,marchioness of ,worcester1 in respect to ,worcester ,house71 our remarks have extended to the early part of the year #afei1 thus going some years beyond the time of the ,marquis of ,worcester's flight to and residence in ,france4 ,we come next1 in the order of family claimants1 to consider the several petitions1 first of his son1 ,henry ,lord ,herbert2 and next of his daughters1 ,ladies ,anne and ,elizabeth4 ,on ,wednesday1 the #bcrd of ,april1 #afea1 the humble petition of ,henry1 ,lord ,herbert1 was read in the ,house of ,commons1#eg when it was-- 8,ordered1 ,that it be referred to a ,committee1 to consider what interest the ,petitioner hath in any of the lands1 late the ,earl of ,worcester's1 settled by ,act of ,parliament on the ,lord ,general1 and the value thereof1 and to report the whole state of the business to the ,parliament4 ,and1 in case they find the ,petitioner hath any good title to any of the said lands1 that then they bring in a proviso1 for excepting out of sale1 by this ,act1 so much of the lands of the said ,earl1 now in the power of the ,parliament to dispose of1 as may be of like value2 to be disposed of as the ,parliament shall see cause40 ,after naming a ,committee-- 8,ordered1 ,that the business of the delinquency of the ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan1 as to the matter of fact1 be referred to this ,committee2 to send to the ,commissioners at ,goldsmiths' ,hall1 for what evidence they have against him2 and to report the state of the business touching the delinquency charged on the said ,lord ,herbert1 to the ,parliament40 ,this was succeeded1 on ,wednesday1 the #bast of ,may1 #afea1;,a by an inquiry into the state of the case of the ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan1 reported as follows3-- 8,manors and lordships of ,tidenham in the county of ,gloucester2 ,chepstow ,barton1 and ,hardwick ,chepstow1 ,burgus1 and ,frythwood1 in the county of ,monmouth2 the seigniory of ,gower in the county of ,glamorgan2 by force of two several indentures1 one of them dated #c ,junii1 #c ,caroli1 the other dated #aj ,novembris1 #afca1 for good and valuable considerations1 in the said indentures mentioned1 were settled upon the ,earl of ,worcester1 for and during his life only2 the remainder thereof to the said ,lord ,herbert1 and the heirs male of his body2 with divers remainders over2 which said lordships and manors are1 by ,act of this present ,parliament1 settled upon the ,lord ,general ,cromwell and his heirs2 and are of the yearly value of one thousand seven hundred and seven pounds1 fifteen shillings and two pence4 8,and that the manors of ,monmouth1 ,wisham1 ,pelleny1 ,purcasseck1 ,trellacks ,grange1 the demesnes of ,grosmond1 ,skewfreth1 and ,monmouth1 ,bettus1 and ,per ,lloyd1 in the county of ,monmouth1 the manor of ,crookham in the county of ,berks1 the manor of ,kendall in the county of ,westmorland1 the manor of ,shopden in the county of ,hereford1 by force of several conveyances thereof made1 are settled upon the ,earl of ,worcester1 and the heirs males of his body2 with divers remainders over2 all which said manors and lands are forfeited1 for treason of the said ,earl2 and are in the power of the ,parliament1 to settle or dispose of2 and are of the yearly value of one thousand seven hundred pounds1 twelve shillings and sixpence4 ,,monmouthshire4 4 s4 d4 ,the manors of ,monmouth and ,wyesham #ahf #j #aj ,the manor of ,pellenny #ch #ah #j ,the manors of ,purcasseck1 and ,trellecks ,grange #ddc #j #h ,the demesnes of ,grosmont1 ,skenseth1 and ,monmouth #afj #j #j ,bettus and ,per ,lloyd #aaj #j #j ,,berks4 ,the manor of ,crookham #cib #f #aj ,,westmorland4 ,the manor of ,kendal #bbj #f #f ,,hereford4 ,the manor of ,shobdon #aej #j #j ------------- ,sum #agjj #ab #aj 8,lands disposed of by the ,parliament to my ,lord ,general ,cromwell1 and entailed on my ,lord ,herbert3-- ,,gloucester4 4 s4 d4 ,the lordship of ,tyddenham #cef #c #aa ,,monmouthshire4 ,the lordships of ,chepstow ,barton1 and ,hardwick #eaj #a #aj ,chepstow ,burgus #fh #ac #h ,frithwood1 near unto ,chepstow1 conceived to be equivalent to #ajj per annum #ajj #j #j ,,glamorganshire4 ,the seigniory of ,gower #fgb #ae #i ------------- ,sum #agjg #e #b 8,the question being put1 ,that the ,house do take into debate the business of delinquency1 concerning the ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan4 8,it passed with the negative4 8,resolved1 ,that it be sent back to the ,commissioners for compounding1 to proceed touching the point of delinquency charged on the ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan2 and give judgment therein2 and to report their judgment1 and the grounds of it1 to the ,parliament1 forthwith40 ,again1 on ,thursday1 the #cjth of ,october1 #afea4eg 8,the humble ,petition of ,henry1 ,lord ,herbert1 of ,raglan1 was this day read4 8,ordered1 ,that this ,petition be referred to the former ,committee1 touching the ,lord ,herbert1 to consider of this business2 and if they find the ,petitioner hath just title to the land1 to present some lands to the ,parliament for the ,petitioner's satisfaction1 in consideration thereof4 8,ordered1 ,that it be referred to the same ,committee1 to consider of the lands settled upon ,mr4 ,peters1 to which the ,lady ,anne ,somerset maketh title2 and if they find her title thereunto to be just1 that then the said ,committee do present some other lands to be settled upon the said ,lady1 in lieu and satisfaction of her title to those lands40 ,and on ,friday1 the #ith of ,january1 #afea-b4;,b 8,mr4 ,say reports from the ,committee1 to whom the business touching the ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan was referred1 several resolutions of that ,committee1 as followeth3-- 8,resolved1 ,that the houses and lands conveyed by ,act of ,parliament unto ,mr4 ,pennoyer and ,mr4 ,hill1 were1 by indenture1 dated #c ,caroli1 conveyed by ,edward1 then ,earl of ,worcester1 unto the ,petitioner and his heirs1 after the decease of ,edward1 now ,earl of ,worcester1 who is but tenant for life thereof4 8,resolved1 ,that the yearly value of the said houses and lands are1 and were1 before the beginning of these wars1 #ghf4 8,resolved1 ,that it be humbly presented to the ,parliament1 as the opinion of this ,committee1 ,that the several manors and lands1 the inheritance whereof is by this present ,parliament settled upon the ,petitioner and his heirs1 and are of the yearly value of #agjj2 that the present possession thereof be granted unto the ,petitioner1 he paying to the trustees for sale of delinquents' lands1 the sum of #hjj4 8,resolved1 ,that it be presented to the ,parliament1 as the opinion of this ,committee1 that the trustees and contractors for sale of delinquents' lands1 do convey the said manors and lands to the said ,petitioner1 during the life of ,edward1 ,earl of ,worcester2 the said ,petitioner paying to them therefore the said sum of #hjj4 8,resolved1 by the ,parliament1 ,that in satisfaction and discharge of the title and claim of the ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan unto the houses and lands settled by ordinance of ,parliament on ,mr4 ,pennoyer and ,mr4 ,hill1 the trustees for sale of several lands and estates forfeited to the ,commonwealth for treason1 be authorized and required to convey unto the said ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan1 and his assigns1 all the manors and lands1 the inheritance whereof is1 by this present ,parliament1 by an ,act1 intituled1 ,an ,act for ,sale of several ,lands and ,estates forfeited to the ,commonwealth for ,treason1 settled on the said ,lord ,herbert1 and his heirs1 during the life of ,edward1 ,earl of ,worcester2 the said ,lord ,herbert paying for the same1 to the ,treasurers of the receipt1 the sum of #hjj4 ,and that the present possession of the said manors and lands be thereupon delivered unto the said ,lord ,herbert3 ,and that the ,commissioners for compounding be authorized and required1 upon a certificate of the said ,treasurers1 to take off the sequestration thereof40 ,the ,marquis's two daughters were1 like their mother-in-law1 petitioners to ,parliament for the restoration of their rights in their proportionate share of their father's property4 ,on the #agth of ,march1 #afdg1 after other business before the ,house of ,commons1 8,the humble petition of ,anne and ,elizabeth1 daughters of ,edward1 ,earl of ,worcester1 was read40 ,and it was ordered1 8,that this petition be referred to the consideration of the ,committee1 where ,mr4 ,wheeler has the chair40 ,on the #ith of ,july1 #afdi1 after a lapse of two years and a quarter1 this matter was again before the ,house1 when1 8,the humble petition of the ,ladies ,anne and ,elizabeth1 daughters of the ,earl of ,worcester1 was read3-- 8,whereas1 according to an order of the ,committee of ,lords and ,commons for sequestrations1 of the #agth of ,march1 #afdf1 the ,committees of ,monmouth1 ,brecknock1 ,glamorgan1 ,gloucester1 and ,berks1 have sent out1 and assigned1 unto the ,petitioners1 a fifth part of their father's estate in those counties1 towards their respective maintenance3 ,it is ordered by the ,commons assembled in ,parliament1 ,that the ,petitioners shall have and receive the profits of the said fifth part1 so allotted unto them1 from the time of their demand1 according to the said order of the ,lords and ,commons1 until this ,house take further order3 ,and the several ,committees of the said counties are hereby authorized and required forthwith to pay the same1 or permit the ,petitioners to receive the same accordingly40#eg ,the period from the surrender of ,raglan ,castle in ,august1 #afdf1 down to the close of #afea1 extending over five years1 must have been one of the most galling and trying nature to the ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,from a state of ease and affluence he was suddenly plunged into a condition the most mortifying possible to a noble and independent mind2 without any other than the barren consolation that his ,prince1 the ,court1 and men of all ranks shared a similar fate4 ,he did not stand alone1 a monument of ruin amidst plenty4 ,in ,september1 #afdi1 ,charles the ,second had quitted the ,continent for ,jersey1 and the next year he arrived in ,scotland2 in #afea1 his romantic career in ,england terminated1 and in ,november he was once more in ,france1 without credit1 as ,clarendon asserts1 to borrow twenty pistoles4 ,the ,marquis's extensive property in ,middlesex and in ,wales enabled the ,government to discharge many heavy claims2 but among its claimants1 its very good friends1 its warmest and most needful supporters had first to be considered2 while charitable acts1 and the asserted claims of persons related to recusants1 and persons specially proscribed by ,parliament1 and all who were even remotely related to them would have to submit to long delays and hard wrung submissions1 when the object was to obtain the least assistance from an already depressed treasury4 ,that the ,marquis's wife and family received any assistance whatever1 through appeals to the ,commonwealth ,parliament1 is significant of the high estimation in which he himself must have been held1 simply for his moral worth1 and his not overstrained political bias3 marking his acts with extreme humanity in war1 and good sense in avoiding the risk of launching into any of those extraordinary measures1 for which the late ,king had granted him the ample powers already considered4 ,indeed the ,nuncio1,c as early as #afdf1 had correctly estimated his ,lordship's character1 designating him 8an ,englishman of a very mild temper40 ,footnotes #eg ,jo4 ,h4 ,c4 ,vol4 vi4 p4 #efe4 ,a ,page #egg4 ,the same inquiry also supplied an interesting notice of ,lord ,herbert's early life4 #eg ,jo4 ,h4 ,c4 ,vol4 vii4 p4 #cc4 ,b ,page #fg4 #eg ,jo4 ,h4 ,c4 ,vol4 v4 p4 #ejd2 vi4 p4 #bef4 ,c ,see page #ahb4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,his ,,return ,,to ,,england--,,imprisonment1 ,,and ,,liberation--,,his 8,,century0--,,pecuniary ,,difficulties--,,petitions--,,at ,,charles ,,the ,,second',s ,,coronation--,,lord ,,herbert4 ,we find that in the ,house of ,commons1 on the #adth of ,march1 #afdh1 8,the persons reported to be banished1 and their estates confiscated1 being fourteen in number1 were every one particularly put to the question20 when it was resolved1 c4 8,that ,charles ,stuart1 eldest son of the late ,king1 be one of that number2 also ,james ,stuart1 his second son20 then follow the ,earls of ,bristol1 and ,newcastle1 along with ,witherington1 ,digby1 ,musgrave1 ,langdale1 ,greenvill1 and ,dodington4 ,after which it was-- 8,resolved1 c4 ,that the ,earl of ,worcester be one other of that number40 ,likewise were added the names of ,winter1 ,culpepper1 ,byron1 the ,duke of ,buckingham2 and finally1 8all that have been plotting1 designing1 or assisting1 in the ,irish rebellion10 shall be proscribed1 as enemies and traitors to the ,commonwealth2 and shall 8die without mercy1 wherever they shall be found within the limits of this nation2 and their estates employed for the use of the ,commonwealth40#eg ,it appears1 on the authority of ,dr4 ,white ,kennet1#eh the historian1 that while ,charles the ,second was a refugee in the ,court of ,france1 the ,king of ,france1 ,louis ,,xiv41 was in himself disposed not only to assist1 but if possible to restore the royal family of ,england4 ,his commanding minister1 the ,cardinal ,mazarine1 however1 was always averse to any such measure2 so that all the exiled prince could do was to send abroad his envoys and agents1 to solicit for justice and relief1 although without effect1 as the result proved4 ,he sent to ,england1 says ,kennet1 8the noble ,marquis of ,worcester for private intelligence as well as for supplies2 but the ,marquis was taken up prisoner in ,london1 and committed to the ,tower in ,september82 where he was threatened with a speedy trial1 and worse punished with a long confinement40 ,we are brought by this circumstance to an interesting period in the adventurous life of the ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,his visit to ,england was every way extraordinary for its boldness or apparent recklessness2 as he was a marked man1 one who could have no reason for expecting to be able to conciliate the reigning power1 which had already stigmatized him as an 8enemy and traitor to the ,commonwealth10 his estates to be confiscated1 and himself1 wherever taken1 doomed to 8die without any mercy whatever40 ,the ,marquis's son sat in the ,cromwellian ,parliament2 ,cromwell enjoyed the ,monmouthshire estates of the ,marquis1 to the value of #bejj per annum1 and allowed ,lord ,herbert a pretty liberal income4 ,from ,edinburgh1 ,cromwell wrote on the #abth of ,april1 #afea1 a letter to his wife3--8,my dearest1 ,beware of my ,lord ,herbert his resort to your house2 if he do so may occasion scandal1 as if ,i were bargaining with him3 indeed be wise2 you know my meaning40,a#bc ,the ,marquis might have some private object in view1 equally with that of serving his prince1 and might have been better assured than history determines1 that his life1 at all events1 would be safe4 ,it is stated in the ,history of the ,tower1#f in noticing the ,marquis of ,worcester being added to the number of distinguished persons confined there in #afeb1 that the wants and distresses to which he had been subjected on the continent had driven him to seek shelter in his own country4 ,illustration3 ,the ,tower1 ,map of ,london1 #afeh4 ,,bird',s-,,eye ,,view ,,from ,,map ,,of ,,london1 #afeh4 ,on the #bhth of ,july1 #afeb1 the ,house of ,commons1 immediately after prayers1 8,resolved1 ,that the ,earl of ,worcester do stand committed to the ,tower of ,london1 in order to his trial40 ,and1 8,that it be referred to the ,council of ,state to consider1 in what way the ,earl of ,worcester may be tried1 and who hath harboured him2 and to consider of all circumstances in his business1 and to report their opinion thereon to the ,house1 on ,friday morning next40 ,a year later1 being on the #bith of ,august1 #afec1 ,colonel ,rous reports from the ,committee of ,petitions1 8,the most humble ,petition of ,edward ,somerset1 ,earl of ,worcester1 now prisoner in the ,tower4 8,as also1 the humble ,petition of ,margaret1 ,countess of ,worcester2 which were both read40 ,followed1 on the #crd of ,october1 by repetitions of the same report1 when it was 8,resolved that this ,petition be laid aside40 ,while1 on the #eth of ,october1 #afed1 one year later1 after other business1 the ,earl's petition was again read1 and it was thereon 8,resolved1 ,that the ,earl of ,worcester have his liberty for the present upon bail1 until the ,parliament take further order4 ,and that the ,lieutenant of the ,tower do take sufficient bail3 ,and that a ,warrant do issue under ,mr4 ,speaker's hand1 to that purpose40#eg ,in ,burton's highly valuable and interesting ,diary of ,oliver ,cromwell's ,parliament1 when noticing the foregoing business in respect to the ,marquis's petition1 it is added3--8,the ,petitioner was alleged to be a papist1 in arms in ,england1 who had headed a party in ,ireland1 making a most dishonourable peace there1 and had done many other disservices1 for which he was excepted from all mercy and pardon2 his whole estate ordered to be sold1 and all such to be banished4 ,yet1 it was urged1 he was an old man1 had lain long in prison1 and the small-pox then raging under the same roof where he lay4 ,and he had not1 as was said1 done any actions of hostility1 but only as a soldier2 and in that capacity had always shown civilities to the ,english prisoners and protestants4 ,it was1 therefore1 ordered1 that he should be bailed out of prison40#bb ,consequently he was a close prisoner for at least two years and a quarter1 assuming that he was then liberated2 which is the more likely1 as we find that a ,warrant was given by ,cromwell1 dated the #bfth of ,june1 #afee1 to pay his ,lordship the sum of three pounds a week1 for his better maintenance4,b ,he would be about or verging on #ec years of age1 and must have suffered very seriously from fatigue1 disease1 and severe mental disquietude1 prolonged through at least eight years passed in every diversity of honour and disgrace1 wealth and poverty1 high hopes and aspirations1 terminating in blank disappointment2 he thus united in his own person and history the most violent contrasts1 enough to have broken down and utterly destroyed any enthusiasm less than is due to the conscious possession of surpassing mental wealth4 ,it would be difficult to find in the voluminous history of scientific biography a parallel case of so much self-reliance on the promptings of a great and noble mind1 under anything like such an unmitigated burden of uncontrollable evils1 as fell to the share of this extraordinary man in the very decline of life1 when tired nature seeks calm1 repose1 and competence4 ,it would seem as if1 while still a prisoner1 he was treating for ,vauxhall1 where we shall find he was afterwards actively engaged with his ,water ,engine2 for ,samuel ,hartlib1 well known from his acquaintance with ,milton1 writes to the ,honourable ,robert ,boyle on the #hth of ,may1 #afed1 signifying that1 the ,marquis is buying ,vauxhall from ,mr4 ,trenchard4#ad ,the next incident we meet with1 of which any record occurs1 after his enlargement1 is a melancholy evidence of his extreme necessities and indeed absolute poverty4 ,it consists in the following1 taken from the original acknowledgment3--,c 8,receaved and borrowed of my ,honored friend ,sr ,david ,watkins the full somme of ,twenty pownds sterling wch ,i faythfully promise to repaye at or before the second day of ,february next ensueing to wch ,i oblige myselfe my ,hayre ,executor ,administrator or assign in a dubble somme or forfeiture ,witnesse my hand and seale this eight of ,de3 #afee4 8,,worcester4 8,witnessed by ,,lancelot ,,hodshon40 ,we have thus far traced the career of the ,marquis of ,worcester from youth to manhood2 the scholar1 husband1 father1 general of armies1 a wealthy nobleman1 an impoverished exile1 in danger of his life by war and shipwreck1 twice imprisoned1 now a freeman1 oppressed by pecuniary difficulties and earnestly striving against the pressure of his own misfortunes and the weight of public prejudice1 to which his political life and religious persuasion subjected him3 sometimes through court intrigue1 but mostly from the rooted bigotry of those gloomy times4 ,whatever interest the history of the life of the ,marquis of ,worcester may derive from other sources1 the philosopher will dwell alone with delight on that period which divulged the extraordinary inventive mental capabilities of such a singular scholar and early man of science4 ,he now first produced1 as he himself states1 his remarkable little work1 of which the full title runs thus3--8,a century of the names and scantlings of such ,inventions1 as at present ,i can call to mind to have tried and perfected1 which 7my former notes being lost7 ,i have1 at the instance of a powerful friend1 endeavoured now1 in the year #afee1 to set these down1 in such a way as may sufficiently instruct me to put any of them in practice40 ,that small book1 then only in manuscript1 and not published until eight years afterwards1 has sealed his fame2 for through all time the 8,century0 will be regarded as a great curiosity in scientific literature1 for its variety of subjects1 and its author's versatility of genius in pursuits then but little cultivated4 ,the first year of his release1 appears1 therefore1 to have been mainly distinguished by this valuable contribution1 as he says1 8at the instance of a powerful friend40 ,we think that that friend was no other than ,colonel ,christopher ,coppley1 or ,copley1,d who had served in the ,parliamentary army of the ,north1 under the command of ,general ,fairfax2 a sufficient reason for the author omitting to particularize him by name4 ,that he and the ,marquis were1 however1 on terms of close friendship1 is evident from the annexed letter2#ih alluding to previous kind offices accorded by his 8powerful0 now his 8dear0 and his 8honoured friend40 8,,dear ,,friend1 8,i know not with what face to desire a courtesy from you1 since ,i have not yet paid you the five pounds1 and the main business so long protracted1 whereby my reality and kindness should with thankfulness appear2 for though the least ,i intend you is to make up the sum already promised1 to a thousand pounds yearly1 or a share amounting to far more1 which to nominate1 before the perfection of the work1 were but an individuum vagum2 and1 therefore1 ,i defer it1 and upon no other score4 ,yet1 in this interim1 my disappointments are so great as that ,i am forced to beg if you could possibly1 either to help me with ten pounds to this bearer2 or1 to make use of the coach1 and to go to ,mr4 ,clerke1 and if he could this day help me to fifty pounds1 then to pay yourself the five pounds ,i owe you out of them4 ,either of these will infinitely oblige me4 ,the alderman has taken three days' time to consider of it4 ,pardon the great troubles ,i give you1 which ,i doubt not but in time to deserve by really appearing1 8,your most thankful friend1 8,,worcester4 8#bhth of ,march1 #afef4 ,to my honoured friend1 8,,colonel ,,christopher ,,coppley40 ,this epistle the ,colonel endorsed1 8,my ,lord of ,worcester's letter about my share in his engine40 ,what was the result of these negociations remains untold2 but eight months later it would seem that1 for some reason or other1 he entered into a solemn obligation with the ,colonel1 in the terms following3--,e 8,i1 under written1 do confess and acknowledge to have received of ,colonel ,christopher ,copley so great civilities and obligations as that ,i do take him into so strict bonds of kindness1 as that1 if at any time the adventure of my life and fortune may bestead him1 ,i do1 upon the word of a gentleman1 and the faith of a ,christian1 engage myself not to stick thereat1 but cheerfully to run the same fortune with him4 ,and upon the same ties ,i vow never to deceive or delude him in thought1 word1 or deed2 and to declare the truth at all times unto him1 using neither hyperbole nor equivocation concerning my water-work2 or any promise made or to be made between us2 which1 as ,i am a gentleman1 a ,christian1 and ,roman ,catholic1 ,i will even keep inviolable1 and that 7if ,i should do any thing to the contrary71 ,i may appear a most dishonest and perjured person2 ,i have signed these with my hand1 and affixed on them my seal at ,stems 7871 the #ahth day of ,november1 #afef1 8,,worcester40 ,on the #bhth of ,december1 #afef1 he wrote a short letter to ,mr4 ,secretary ,thurloe4 ,politicians have generally supposed that it had reference to some great state secret1 which he was bargaining to disclose2 while1 how contrary must have been his views is now transparent1 from seeing what really was the one absorbing subject of his daily meditation1 arising out of his arduous endeavours to obtain assistance1 and to carry out the working of his 8water-commanding engine40 ,the letter is in every sense remarkable and interesting1 both from the mistiness that has for so long a time clouded its meaning1 and from the circumstances under which it was dictated4 ,the ,marquis writes3--,f 8#bhth of ,december1 #afef4 8,,right ,,honourable1 8,i do confess1 that the old saying is1 that proffered service is not valued1 and in that respect ,i wonder not to have my endeavours so little set by4 ,in a word1 ,i am very well pleased to acquiesce1 if his ,highness nor your ,honour think me not worthy of one quarter of an hour's audience2 yet ,i must needs say1 that if esteemed of1 ,i am able to do his ,highness more service than any one subject of his three nations2 and though1 after a message by ,mr4 ,noell1 and a letter of mine delivered by my own hands to ,mr4 ,owng1 and as he told me1 by him to your ,honour1 ,i cannot get a time assigned me to wait upon you4 ,i here send you a true copy of ,don ,alonzo1 his answer to me1 and do assure you1 that ,i have in readiness a person whom you yourself will confess ,don ,alonzo cannot except against3 so that there only resteth needful your approbation4 ,when your ,honour shall have read this1 and the copies of the ,don's letter1 ,i have entreated and enjoined ,mr4 ,noell to bring them me back1 and in his presence ,i will burn them1 and remain silent for the future in anything of this nature1 but in all things else1 your ,honour's most affectionate friend and humble servant1 8,,worcester40,g ,the noble inventor's proceedings could have been no secret at ,court1 surrounded by spies of every description to report all his operations2 and his principal object being one of a large and costly character1 would be better known for its nature than its construction4 ,it would also become known from the manuscript of his ,century1 copies of which seem to have been privately circulated1 that his inventions extended to improvements in fire-arms1 cannon1 and general naval and military improvements4 ,now it is not in the least improbable that some foreign party or parties communicated with him in reference to some particular invention1 but particularly his much commended novelty of a 8water-commanding engine10 while the ,marquis might feel it a delicate as well as an imprudent act on his part1 to make arrangements with foreigners before he had confided his secret and rendered it available in his own country4 ,that his object in desiring an interview with ,cromwell1 or with his haughty ,secretary1 bore no political cast1 is next to self-evident1 from their perfect indifference to his communication2 while for any political ends1 either would have shown some tokens of regard1 and not have left the author of the slightest thread of interested intelligence craving for a few minutes' audience4 ,besides1 we have the inferential evidence that the communication referred to scientific inventions1 rather than to political intrigues1 from the context--8proffered service is not valued1 and in that respect 7he says7 ,i wonder not to have my endeavours so little set by40 ,and what could those endeavours be1 at that particular crisis more than any other1 but the possible requirement of patronage from the ,protector1 and probably also the ,parliament1 before committing himself to foreigners for that aid which he rightfully considered he would soon merit from his countrymen4 ,but he still further says1 8,i am able to do his ,highness more service than any one subject of his three nations40 ,will any one pretend to assume that such language had reference to political plottings1 of which he possessed the secret knowledge to such an extent of national importance1 without being either listened to1 or at once seized and consigned to the dreaded chambers of that fortress1 from which he had been only three years released8 ,admit that the language is inflated1 it still would be very significant if it bore at all on the state of public affairs at home or abroad4 ,but its true significance may be found in its counterpart in the ,dedications appended to the first edition of the 8,century10 printed in #affc4 ,the promise to burn the returned copies of papers1 in the presence of ,mr4 ,noell1 would seem merely another way of showing1 that1 come what might of the matter1 he would break off all negociations with others than his countrymen4 ,the communication can only be read as alluding to one subject1 and not as introducing anything forced and irrelevant4 ,it can only be reconciled as being wholly political1 or wholly affecting his special scientific engagements4 ,besides1 had it been otherwise1 it would not have escaped the historian1 or some court spy to record the wonderful discovery of a plot of frightful magnitude1 with all particulars4 ,but no plot ever came to light2 and the ,marquis never did ,cromwell or the ,commonwealth any service beyond anything accomplished by the humblest citizen4 ,we must1 therefore1 for ever abandon the opinion of there being any political character attached to this supposed mysterious communication4 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester's son and heir1 ,lord ,herbert1 married ,mary1 ,lady ,beauchamp1 on the #agth of ,august1 #afeg4 ,the following certificate on a small square piece of parchment is preserved among other family documents at ,badminton ,house3-- 8,these are to certifie3 ,it being desired by the p'ties concerned1 that1 ,henry ,somerset ,lord ,herbert and ,mary ,lady ,bochampp1 both of the parish of ,st4 ,clements ,danes1 ,middlesex1 were ,legally married before me ,richard ,powell of ,clerkenwell1 ,middle ,sq3 one of the ,justices for the said ,county1 authorized soe to doe by vertue of an ,act of ,parliamt4 bearing date the ffower and twentieth day of ,august #afec4 ,there then being pre'te ,charles ,price and ,edward ,gibbes1 dated this ,seaven tenth day of ,august #afeg4 8,,richard ,,powell40 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester's private affairs were year by year growing more and more desperate1 we continually find him and the ,marchioness petitioning the ,parliament for pecuniary assistance out of the confiscated estates4 ,he seems to have been on friendly terms with ,john ,lenthall1 ,speaker of the ,house of ,commons1 from whom we find the following letter3--,h 8,,my ,,lord1 8,i will ever acknowledge that your ,lordship hath dealt most honourably with me1 and with all heartiness ,i will profess that to all2 and will endeavour to show my thankfulness to your ,lordship1 and to your honourable ,lady2 and do assure you both that1 if ,i may do you any service to my brother speaker1 about your business in ,parliament1 ,i will endeavour my uttermost to act for you4 ,my wife takes your promise of half a buck exceeding thankfully1 and also some great belles here4 ,we shall all endeavour to make a requital2 and ,i shall ever acknowledge myself to be 8,your ,honour's most humble ,servant1 8,,john ,,lenthall4 8#hth ,july1 #afei4 8,i have received from your ,lordship #bj marks in full of all your ,lordship's fees1 which ,i hereby acknowledge1 and acquit your ,lordship of that and all other demands at this day4 8,to the ,right ,honourable the ,,lord ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester--these presents40 ,his manuscript of his wonderful 8,century0 had been four years written1 copies passing probably from hand to hand1 and himself urging the great and noble of the land to patronise his efforts4 ,in the ,british ,museum is the only ,,ms4 of the ,century extant1 having on the top of its title page the dates 8,from ,august ye #bith to ,sep4 ye #bast1 #afei10 which may1 however1 merely refer to the date of copying1 or to a period granted for lending it4 ,the #hhth article alludes to a ,stamping ,engine1 while in the printed edition this is omitted and a ,brazen ,head substituted2 there are also some slight verbal differences2 only an abbreviated title page2 and no dedication4 ,among other petitions a rough draft exists of one evidently prepared by the ,marchioness herself2 whether sent or not cannot now be ascertained1 but of its authenticity as a family record of distress there can be no doubt whatever4 ,it is so negligently and imperfectly written1 that an entire copy cannot be advantageously given4 ,it runs thus3--,i 8,master ,speaker1 ,i beseech you not to stand so much upon an order of the ,house as to forget ,god ,almighty's precepts1 to do as you would be done by4 ,most of the honourable ,house ,i conceive have wives1 and if any of you would be contented his wife should suffer as ,i do1 then let me still endure2 if otherwise1 be pleased to consider me1 if not according to my sex or quality0--yet1 8in consideration of seven years attendance1 and millions of court sueings1 and my heart almost broken with supplications and vain promises to them1 and at last instead of many thousand pounds10 out of the estates1 8all now ending in a ruined house1 and that but for an uncertain time1 not for my own life1 rather but this poor pittance for his life1 who is near three score40 ,she also seems to allude to fever1 and the breaking up of his health1 concluding1 8,i1 therefore1 most humbly seek this honourable ,house to make an end of it40 ,we find the ,marquis with noble perseverance contending against every difficulty1 evincing an elasticity of mind that cannot but excite surprise4 ,writing to the ,earl of ,lotherdale1,j he says3-- 8,,my ,,thrice ,,honourable ,,lord1 8,the two predominant powers which reign over my soul1 and do chiefly guide and govern my actions1 are love and gratitude2 the one begotten in me towards your ,lordship by the knowledge ,i had in the ,tower of the virtues and excellent parts1 the other by a certain and most true information of some passages vouchsafed by your ,lordship in your servant's behalf1 and even in his absence yesterday1 before his ,majesty at ,hampton ,court4 ,the particulars ,i set not down1 because 787 they seemed so obliging to me as that ,colonel ,charles ,groger1 telling them me but at nine of the clock this night1 yet ,i could not defer till morning this most humble acknowledgment2 but before ,i go to rest1 as a little token of great thankfulness1 ,i promise your ,lordship a box1 with such conveniences and rarities as that which you saw had1 and though it were presumptuous in me to say1 ,i would give a subject a better qualified present than ,i gave my ,sovereign2 yet the ,king must pardon an humour ,i have1 never to be contented to produce any invention the second time without appearing refined2 this doth not also content me1 but ,i do likewise engage myself that as soon as with security and satisfaction1 by ,act of ,parliament1 ,i may put in practice the greatest gift of invention for profit that ,i ever yet heard of vouchsafed to a man1 especially so unworthy and ignorant as ,i am 7,i mean my water-commanding engine74 ,i offer to your ,lordship's disposal the accruing benefit of five hundred pounds2 and that your ,lordship may not think it improbable to rise thence1 ,i beseech you to vouchsafe to read over1 but to keep it to yourself1 this enclosed1 which shall be made good to a tittle by me1 8,my ,lord1 8,your ,lordship's most really affectionate 8and ever obliged servant1 8,,worcester4 8,saturday night1 #bfth of ,january1 #affj1 be therefore pleased to pardon the scribbling1 and regard but my real meaning4 ,for the ,,right ,,hon4 ,,the ,,earl ,,of ,,lotherdale1 c4 these40 7,copy of the enclosure47 8,the name and the truly significant definition of a most admirable and most stupendous invention1 through the providential dispensation of the ,almighty ,god's infinite mercy and goodness1 found out1 and perfected by the sole expenses1 ingenuity1 knowledge1 and mathematical insight of the ,right ,hon4 ,edward ,somerset1 ,marquis of ,worcester1 and by his ,lordship deservedly termed1 and pithily defined to be-- 8,an ,imperial1 or a ,water-commanding ,engine1 boundless for height and quantity1 and requiring no external1 nor even additional help1 or force to be set1 or continued in motion1 but what intrinsically is afforded from its own operation1 nor yet the twentieth part thereof1 and the engine consisteth of these following particulars3-- 8#a4 ,a perfect counterpoise for what quantity of water soever4 8#b4 ,a perfect countervail for what height soever it is to be brought unto4 8#c4 ,a primum mobile1 commanding both height and quantity1 regulator-wise4 8#d4 ,a vice-gerent1 or countervail1 supplying the place1 and performing the full force of man1 wind1 beast1 or mill4 8#e4 ,a holme1 or stern1 with bit and reins1 wherewith any child may guide1 order1 and control the whole operation4 8#f4 ,a particular magazine for water1 according to the intended height and quantity4 8#g4 ,an aqueduct1 capable of any intended quantity1 or height of water4 8#h4 ,a place for the original fountain1 or even river1 to run into1 and naturally of its own accord to incorporate itself with the rising water1 and at the very bottom of the same aqueduct1 though never so big or high40 ,this communication affords the earliest distinct reference to the ,water-commanding ,engine1 and renders it reasonable to suppose that similar written copies of the 8,definition0 were in circulation at the same period1 if not earlier4 ,the letter itself is peculiarly interesting for the insight it gives us into a distinguishing trait in his mental constitution1 when he observes3--8a humour ,i have1 never to be contented to produce any invention the second time without appearing refined40 ,he seems to have had no idea of cessation in invention4 ,it was in this self-same spirit that he dedicated his 8,century0 to the ,houses of ,parliament3--8,the more you shall be pleased to make use of my inventions1 the more inventive shall you ever find me1 one invention begetting still another40 ,it is rather remarkable that1 with this exception1 his inventions are never named either in his own or his family's correspondence2 indeed the latter may have considered the circumstance as more marking his misfortune1 than calculated to bring him enduring fame4 ,the death of ,cromwell1 the short reign of his son1 and the proclamation of ,charles the ,second on the #hth of ,may1 #affj1 followed by his triumphal entry into the metropolis on his birth-day1 the #bith of the same month1 must have had their influence on the ,marquis in his most distressing condition4 ,he was1 no doubt1 one among the privileged to congratulate his ,majesty in private1 at ,whitehall1 while bonfires blazed1 fireworks glared1 and cannon roared2 what conflicting emotions must have revelled in his own breast1 broken down as he was by disasters on every hand1 which through more than thirteen years he had borne with magnanimous fortitude4 ,his son1 ,lord ,herbert1 resided at ,badminton ,house1 ,gloucestershire1 but being in ,london1 on his way to ,dover1 after the proclamation1 he wrote to his wife1 as follows3--,k 8,,my ,,dear ,,heart1 8,we have this night received our instructions1 and to-morrow begin our journey towards the ,king1 whom we are commanded to acquaint with what great joy and acclamation he was here proclaimed2 and to let him know that the ,parliament hath enjoined all ministers in ,england and ,ireland to pray for him1 the ,duke of ,york1 and the rest of the ,royal progeny2 and ordered that the ,arms of the ,commonwealth1 wherever they are standing1 be taken down1 and that his ,majesty's be set in the place4 ,we are further to beseech his ,majesty to return with speed to his dominions and government2 and finally1 to acquaint him that the ,parliament hath given order to the ,admiral to obey his commands with the navy1 and to desire that he will please to signify to us when and where he will land1 and whether he will come from ,dover by land1 or to ,london by water2 where lodged1 and how his pleasure is to be received4 8,i hope we shall soon return with him we go for1 and so have nothing wanting for my particular satisfaction 7as when he is here1 there will not be to the general74 ,i desire you would begin and come this way some time next week1 that ,i may find you here at my return1 in order to which ,i have given order that lodgings1 such as can be found1 be taken1 where you may be till you can choose yourself a house to your mind1 for ,i cannot be anywhere with my contentment without you1 8,your most affectionate husband1 8,,herbert4 8,london1 the #ith of ,may40 ,charles the ,second had not been many days on the throne1 when the ,marquis of ,worcester wrote a long letter to ,lord ,clarendon199 #bf explanatory of his instructions from his late ,majesty1 and the powers he granted to him to negotiate with the ,irish ,roman ,catholics4 ,it very fully and lucidly explains the whole of that affair1 showing how completely he was in the ,king's confidence2 and it was1 no doubt1 written to answer all doubts that his ,lordship might entertain4 ,it bears internal evidence of coming from a strictly conscientious character1 and its truthfulness has never been disproved4 8,the ,marquis of ,worcester 7late ,earl of ,glamorgan71 to the ,earl of ,clarendon4 8,,my ,,lord ,,chancellor1 8,for his ,majesty's better information1 through your favour1 and by the channel of your ,lordship's understanding things rightly1 give me leave to acquaint you with one chief key1 wherewith to open the secret passages between his late ,majesty and myself1 in order to his service2 which was no other than a real exposing of myself to any expense or difficulty1 rather than his just design should not take place2 or1 in taking effect1 that his honour should suffer4 ,an effect1 you may justly say1 relishing more of a passionate and blind affection to his ,majesty's service1 than of discretion and care of myself4 ,this made me take a resolution that he should have seemed angry with me at my return out of ,ireland1 until ,i had brought him into a posture and power to own his commands1 to make good his instructions1 and to reward my faithfulness and zeal therein4 8,your ,lordship may well wonder1 and the ,king too1 at the amplitude of my commission4 ,but when you have understood the height of his ,majesty's design you will soon be satisfied that nothing less could have made me capable to effect it2 being that one army of ten thousand men was to have come out of ,ireland through ,north ,wales2 another1 of a like number at least1 under my command-in-chief1 have expected my return in ,south ,wales1 which ,sir ,henry ,gage was to have commanded as ,lieutenant-,general2 and a third should have consisted of a matter of six thousand men1 two thousand of which were to have been ,liegois1 commanded by ,sir ,francis ,edmonds1 two thousand ,lorrainers to have been commanded by ,colonel ,browne1 and two thousand of such ,english1 ,french1 ,scots1 and ,irish as could be drawn out of ,flanders and ,holland4 ,and the six thousand were to have been1 by the ,prince of ,orange's assistance1 in the associated counties2 and the ,governor of ,lyne1 cousin-german to ,major ,bacon1 major of my own regiment1 was to have delivered the town unto them4 8,the maintenance of this army of foreigners was to have come from the ,pope and such ,catholic ,princes as he should draw into it1 having engaged to afford and procure #cj1jjj a month2 out of which the foreign army was first to be provided for2 and the remainder to be divided among other armies4 ,and for this purpose had ,i power to treat with the ,pope and ,catholic ,princes1 with particular advantages promised to ,catholics1 for the quiet enjoying their religion1 without the penalties which the statutes in force had power to inflict upon them4 ,and my instructions for this purpose1 and my powers to conclude and treat thereupon1 were signed by the ,king under his pocket signet1 with blanks for me to put in the names of ,pope or ,princes1 to the end the ,king might have a starting hole to deny the having given me such commissions1 if excepted against by his own subjects2 leaving me as it were at stake1 who for his ,majesty's sake was willing to undergo it1 trusting to his word alone4 8,in like manner did ,i not stick upon having this ,commission inrolled or assented unto by his ,council1 nor indeed the seal to be put upon it in an ordinary manner1 but as ,mr4 ,endymion ,porter,l and ,i could perform it1 with rollers and no screw-press4 8,one thing ,i beseech your ,lordship to observe1 that though ,i had power by it to erect a mint any where1 and to dispose of his ,majesty's revenues and delinquents' estates1 yet ,i never did either to the value of a farthing1 notwithstanding my own necessities1 acknowledging that the intention of those powers given me1 was to make use of them when the armies should be afoot2 which design being broken by my commitment in ,ireland1 ,i made no use of those powers2 and consequently1 repaying now whatever was disbursed by any for patents of honour1 as now ,i am contented to do1 it will evidently appear that nothing hath stuck to my fingers1 in order to benefit or self-interest2 which ,i humbly submit to his ,majesty's princely consideration1 and the management of my concerns therein to your ,lordship's grave judgment1 and to the care of me1 which your ,lordship was pleased to own was recommended unto you by the late ,king1 my most gracious ,master1 of glorious memory3 ,and the continuance thereof is most humbly implored and begged by me1 who am really and freely at your ,lordship's disposal1 first1 in order to his ,majesty's service1 and next to the approving myself1 8,my ,lord1 8,your ,lordship's most really affectionate1 8and most humble servant1 8,,worcester4 8,june1 #aath1 #affj40 ,within a fortnight after writing this letter1 no doubt encouraged by the ,lord ,chancellor's reception of it1 he petitioned the ,crown as follows3--,m 8,,to ,,his ,,most ,,excellent ,,majesty1 c4 8,the most humble petition of ,edward ,somerset1 ,earl and ,marquis of ,worcester1 c4 8,sheweth1--,that your ,petitioner's father and himself1 having in ready money expended incomparably more for the service of the ,crown than any subject of ,england1 for which your ,petitioner is possessed of sundry promises of extraordinary reward and satisfaction1 as well under the ,great ,seal of ,england1 as likewise voluntarily under his late ,majesty the ,king1 your ,majesty's father of blessed memory1 his own handwriting and private signet set down in a most gracious ample and kind manner1 it being all that in those necessitous times his ,majesty1 your ,petitioner's most graciously obliging master1 could afford or be rationally demanded from him1 yet in these perhaps may not be so fit to be ratified1 lest they should draw upon your ,petitioner the envy of others1 and prove prejudicial to your ,majesty4 8,your ,petitioner1 therefore1 most willingly layeth all these grants and promises to his father1 or to your ,majesty's ,petitioner made 7as far as they concern himself7 at your ,majesty's feet1 without any the least capitulation1 expecting no more in his own behalf for his loyalty therein than that your ,majesty will be graciously pleased 7in consideration of his dutiful zeal thereby manifested7 effectually and through your ,majesty's innate and transcending goodness1 feelingly to recommend to your ,majesty's most dutiful ,houses of ,parliament the speedy re-investing of your ,petitioner in his due and proper estate1 according unto the laws of the land1 and so by your ,majesty's most gracious assistance1 this his ,petition of right 7as he humbly conceives7 shall be by your ,petitioner most really acknowledged as a grant of favour and remunerating grace from your sacred ,majesty4 8,and he shall ever pray10 c4 ,the ,marquis1 in ,november1 #affj1 signed what appears to be a circular note to certain of his creditors1 of which the following is one written in an official hand1 but concludes1 8,your most humble servant1 ,worcester10 in his own handwriting3-- 8,,madame1 8,those ,commissioners whom ,i have appoynted to take care of my affayres are now enquiringe into ye state of my debts1 and ,i have given directions to the bearer to wayte upon you and receive your propositions about what is due unto you from him who is1 8,madame1 ,your most humble servant1 8,,worcester4 8,november #bb1 #affj40 ,mr4 ,secretary ,nicholas1 writing to ,sir ,henry ,bennet1 #crd of ,january1 #affj1 states3 8,the ,king joins the ,queen and ,princess at ,guildford1 and in two days they go to ,portsmouth4 ,on ,new ,year's day1 the ceremony of christening the young ,earl of ,cambridge--for this is to be his title--was performed at ,worcester ,house2 the ,king and ,duke of ,albemarle godfathers2 the ,queen and ,marchioness of ,ormond godmothers4 ,the ,duke and his ,duchess then came to ,court1 and the ,queen received them very affectionately4 ,the ,coronation is deferred to ,st4 ,george's day40,n ,the ,lord ,bishop of ,peterborough1#gi in his ecclesiastical and civil register and chronicle of the period1 records the following particulars in reference to the order of proceedings at the ,coronation of ,charles the ,second1 ,april the #bcrd1 #affa3 8,the ,marquis of ,dorchester1 the ,marquis of ,worcester1 in their robes1 with their coronets in their hands40 ,then as to the homage paid by the nobles2 after the oath given by the ,archbishop of ,canterbury2 and other ,bishops1 saluting the ,king2 among others came up the ,marquises of ,worcester and ,dorchester4 ,that even at the ,restoration the ,marquis's religion presented some obstacles to his progress may be inferred from the resolution of the ,house of ,lords1 that the indulgence to be granted to the ,roman ,catholics should not be extended to the ,jesuits4 ,whereupon that ,society drew up a paper1 entitled1 8,reasons why the ,jesuits hope that they should partake of the favours shown to other priests1 in taking away the sanguinary laws40 ,and it is noticed that1 8,as for noble persons who lost great estates1 and endured much hardship for his ,majesty1 the late ,duchess of ,buckingham1 the late ,marquis of ,worcester1,o and the late ,earl of ,shrewsbury were ,penitents of the ,society1 as other prime nobility yet in being40#gi ,for some reason or other it now became the son's lot to be committed to the ,tower1 of which1 however1 he makes very light1 as will be seen by his letter to his ,lady announcing his position2 which1 however1 has no other immediate interest than as making us acquainted with the last occurrence of the kind affecting this noble family4 ,he writes3--,p 8,,my ,,dear1 8,i have now sent according to your desire to let you know of my being safely arrived at ,london4 ,i was last night examined1 and am now in the ,tower4 ,i have already so well satisfied you of my innocence that ,i am sure my being lodged here cannot fright you1 neither can ,i imagine my restraint should be long1 for ,i think ,i only owe it to my ,lordship4 ,i desire you would not resolve upon your journey hither till you hear further from me1 for ,i hope yet you may lie in1 in the country1 and not have the trouble of any journey to bring us together4 ,if these hopes fail me1 and that ,i see myself like to continue longer than ,i can yet fancy1 ,i will let you know it1 and send the coach down for your women1 and 7if you think fit7 your children to come up in2 to whom in the meantime ,i send my blessing1 and remain 8,your most affectionate husband1 8,,herbert4 8,aug4 the #bjth4 8,for my dear wife the ,lady ,herbert40 ,it does not fall within our province to enter particularly into any circumstances relating to ,lord ,herbert1 but it may not be out of place to mention here that1 he was then about #bc years of age1 and had not long been constituted ,lord ,lieutenant of ,gloucestershire4 ,footnotes #eg ,jo4 ,h4 ,c4 ,vol4 vi4 p4 #afe4 #eh ,kennet4 ,a ,brit4 ,mus4 ,cole ,,mss4 ,vol4 xxxiii4 p4 #cg4 #bc ,carlyle4 #f ,bayley4 #eg ,jo4 ,h4 ,c4 ,vol4 vii4 pp4 #cji1 #cgc4 #bb ,burton4 ,b ,appendix ,f4 #ad ,boyle1 ,vol4 v4 p4 #bfd4 ,c ,robert ,cole1 ,esq4 had the original receipt lithographed in facsimile4 ,d ,see ,appendix ,e4 #ih ,walpole4 ,mr4 ,bliss' states that he discovered the ,,ms4 among the papers of ,wm4 ,wilcox of ,st4 ,john's ,college1 ,oxford4 ,e ,from ,,ms4 collection of the late ,dawson ,turner1 ,esq41 of ,yarmouth4 ,f ,bod4 ,lib4 8,thurloe's ,papers1 ,vol4 xlv40--8,rawl4 ,,ms4 ,a4 #de40 ,g ,this letter is dated #bhth of ,december1 but might be mistaken for #ahth4 ,see ,thurloe's ,papers4 ,h ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,i ,brit4 ,mus4 ,harleian ,,ms4 ,no4 #bdbh4 ,j ,from ,,ms4 collection of the late ,dawson ,turner1 ,esq4 of ,yarmouth4 ,k ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 99 #bf ,clarendon1 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #bja4 ,l ,one of the ,king's attendants1 who had formerly accompanied him to ,spain4 ,clayton's ,charles ,,ii4 ,vol4 i4 p4 #acf4 #ahei4 ,m ,cal4 of ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affj-fa4 ,edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green1 #hvo4 #ahfj4 ,n ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 ,charles ,,ii4 #affj-affa1 ,vol4 xxviii4 p4 #dff4 #gi ,peterborough4 ,o ,henry ,somerset4 ,p ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,his ,,prospects ,,at ,,the ,,period ,,of ,,the ,,restoration--,,proceedings ,,in ,,parliament ,,respecting ,,the ,,patent ,,to ,,create ,,him ,,duke ,,of ,,somerset--,,recovery ,,of ,,estates1 ,,etc4--,,parliamentary ,,duties4 ,charles the ,second was only thirty years of age when he ascended the throne1 the ,marquis was verging on sixty4 ,charles1 gay1 lively1 accomplished1 and fascinating in his manners1 well knew from bitter experience the pain of leading a courtly life on straitened means2 and the ,marquis had been too closely associated with him on the continent1 not to be aware of his exact position then1 and his now brilliant change of circumstances4 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester too1 was one of those happily constituted men who do not grow misanthropic on every fresh instance of the world's ingratitude4 ,his own nobleness and goodness of heart found a thousand excuses for the cold1 callous1 calculating society around him2 and with his enlarged views1 and greatness and purity of mind1 he never despaired that the day would arrive1 when he should be able to move at least in ease1 if not in plenty4 ,as regarded his ,majesty1 he enjoyed the fullest confidence in his behaving towards him with more than ordinary consideration2 he might not be able to be magnificent1 but at the very least he dared not to doubt that the word of the ,king would be realized1 who had written to inform him,a--8,i am truly sensible of your great merit and sufferings in the service of the ,king my father1 and ,i never shall be wanting to reward and encourage as well that kindness to his person as that zeal to his service which you have expressed in all your actions40 ,but he was then only nineteen years of age1 unseared by the eleven years of profligacy1 the expiration of which found him on the throne of his ancestors4 ,the ,marquis's political position had been unpopular1 making him many enemies1 which even altered times could not wholly obliterate4 ,it was not merely a question whether he was justified in acting in concert with the late ,king1 but it was manifestly imprudent and unwise1 to say the least1 his becoming the champion of his church in so dangerous an enterprise as that in which he engaged in ,ireland4 ,consequently he found comparatively few who sincerely sympathised in his sufferings1 amidst the crowd of suffering humanity distinguishing those unhappy times4 ,on the #ith of ,may1 #affj1 being the day after the ,king's proclamation1 the ,house of ,lords had before them a petition from the ,marchioness of ,worcester1,b the subject of which was strange enough1 being no other than to complain 8,that ,colonel ,christopher ,copley1 doth undermine ,worcester ,house40 ,wherefore it was ordered1 8,that stop be made to further proceedings therein40 ,his ,lordship early solicited the kind offices of ,lord ,clarendon1 offering him gratuitously the use of his mansion in the ,strand4#bf ,he says3-- 8,,my ,,lord ,,chancellor1 8,the world speaks you to be a person of honour1 and ,i know your ,lordship to be so1 and that if you say the word your ,lordship will make good the same4 ,my humble suit1 therefore1 to your ,lordship is1 but to tell me freely whether you will be my friend in all things honourable1 just1 and fitting2 and when ,i ask of your ,lordship anything contrary to either of these1 then do not only deny it me1 but spit in my face1 having afforded me only patience first to give you my reasons4 8,nothing1 ,i am confident1 can set an obstacle to your ,lordship's granting me this reasonable request1 but an apprehension of the obnoxiousness of my religion1 as for that1 such are my abilities to serve not only my ,prince but the whole kingdom1 that when once known in ,parliament1 and his ,majesty looking but as favourably upon me as the tenth part of my deserts 7pardon me if ,i say so7 doth require1 ,i will undertake1 within few days1 there shall be a vote in the very ,house of ,commons to make me capable of any service whereof ,i may be thought worthy4 ,another ,remora doth perhaps forcibly lie in the way1 which is my son the ,lord ,herbert's underhand working by false suggestions2 but ,i shall soon blow them over4 ,in a word1 if your ,lordship please to accept of me1 ,i am the most real and affectionate servant1 and as a little token of it1 be pleased to accept of ,worcester ,house to live in1 far more commodious for your ,lordship than where you now are1 though not in so good reparation2 but such as it is1 without requiring from you one penny rent 7yet that only known between your ,lordship and me74 ,it is during my life at your service1 for ,i am but a tenant in tail2 but were my interest longer1 it should be as readily at your ,lordship's command1 and ,i believe ,i may serve you in some things of ten times the value2 yet ,i never desire word or deed from your ,lordship other than according to what ,i first began with4 ,be but pleased to deal plainly with me1 and ,i desire to show your ,lordship in the ,king's presence or 444 if you please1 what ,i intend to produce or say1 having had a dearly bought experience what it is to trust to ,princes alone4 ,so preventing your ,lordship further trouble1 and asking pardon for what ,i have put your ,lordship unto1 ,i only desire to receive a verbal answer by this most deserving person1 ,mr4 ,white1 my ancient acquaintance1 into whose hands ,i would deposit the greatest imaginable treasures untold1 and intrust the greatest secrets1 without other tie than his acceptance of them4 8,my ,lord1 8your ,lordship's1 8,most really affectionate and humble servant1 8,,worcester4 8,june #ith1 #affj4 8,for the ,right ,honourable the ,,lord ,,chancellor1 present these40,c ,it is painful to find the ,marquis of ,worcester compelled by the theological tendencies of that age1 to allude in his letter to 8the obnoxiousness of his religion40 ,but it is in just accordance with all that we have seen of his progress through life1 his 8having had a dearly bought experience what it is to trust to princes alone10--that is1 without witnesses or other sufficient legal evidence4 ,this last observation is called forth by his 8desire to show0 ,clarendon1 as he states--8what ,i intend to produce or say40 ,this might possibly have reference to his long written statement of his losses1 amounting to #iah1jjj1 intended for the ,king's inspection1 if not also to form the basis of an address to the ,house of ,lords1 as given in the last chapter4 ,if this surmise is correct1 it would clearly establish how severely pressing were his pecuniary affairs1 the ,king having then only been eleven days at ,whitehall2 so early1 would it seem1 was he a suitor for the royal favour4 ,the ,house1 on the #bjth of ,june1,d upon the reading of the ,marquis's ,petition1 8,that he hath been dispossessed of his estate in the late unhappy wars1 and hath undergone many pressures in the same10--ordered1 8,that he be put into possession of his estate1 which is not sold2 and a stop and stay of waste1 and cutting wood upon his land sold2 and the rents to be stayed in the tenants' hands2 and to have a view of the writings and evidences which concern him1 which are in the custody of the trustees at ,drury ,lane40 ,and further1 on the #aath of ,september1,e the said order was ratified and confirmed1 with the exception that1 it was not to 8extend to any manors or lands sold unto or enjoyed by ,henry ,lord ,herbert1 son and heir apparent of the said ,marquis40 ,but previously1 on the #ith of ,july1,f the ,house of ,lords1 8,upon information given1 ,that ,elizabeth ,cromwell1 widow1 the relict of ,oliver ,cromwell2 ,richard ,cromwell1 ,esquire2 and ,henry ,lord ,herbert1 have many deeds1 evidences1 and writings belonging to the ,lord ,marquis of ,worcester10--it was ordered that 8all such deeds1 evidences1 conveyances1 court-rolls1 surveys1 patents1 fines1 recoveries1 rentals1 plates1 papers1 memorials1 and writings1 whatsoever10 in their hands1 should be delivered up unto his ,lordship4 ,among other purchasers of his estates under the authority in power1 in #afea1 was one ,ann ,tisser1 a widow1 whose husband had become possessed of the ,gatehouse attached to ,worcester ,house4 ,on the #bgth of ,july the ,house had ordered possession to be given up1 but ,ann ,tisser refusing1 another order was issued on the #bjth of ,august1 requiring possession within two days1 but with no better effect2 so1 on the #bith1 the refractory widow 8was brought to the ,bar1 to hear what she can say1 why she does not deliver up the ,gatehouse40 ,to which she answered1 8,she bought it of the trustees that did sell the ,marquis of ,worcester's lands in #afea40 ,her plea1 however1 was only met by the ,house directing the ,lord ,chancellor to inform her1 8,that the ,house expected that she should deliver up the said ,gatehouse forthwith2 or else she must expect to undergo the displeasure of the ,house1 for contempt of their ,lordships' order40 ,three days were allowed her to obey this mandate1 and as we hear no further account of ,ann ,tisser1 she1 like many others in the same pitiable plight1 was doubtless speedily ejected4 ,in ,august1 #affj1 the ,house of ,lords,g discussed the subject of his ,patent creating him ,duke of ,somerset1 declared to be in prejudice to the ,peers2 and therefore the following particulars will prove interesting1 taken in connexion with the copy of this ,patent given at page #afb4 ,on the #ahth of ,august1 8upon information to the ,house1 by the ,marquis of ,hertford1 that a patent is granted to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 which is a prejudice to the ,peers3-- 8,it is ,ordered1 ,that the consideration of the said ,patent is referred to the consideration of these ,lords following3-- ,d4 of ,gloucester4 ,marq4 of ,winton4 ,marq4 of ,dorchester4 ,l4 ,steward4 ,comes ,south'ton4 ,l4 ,chamberlain4 ,l4 ,great ,chamberlain4 ,comes ,derby4 ,comes ,portland4 ,comes ,peterborough4 ,comes ,bolingbrooke4 ,comes ,bristol4 ,comes ,devon4 ,comes ,winchilsea4 ,comes ,dorset4 ,comes ,scarsdale4 ,comes ,berks4 ,comes ,rivers4 ,viscount ,stafford4 ,viscount ,paget4 ,viscount ,fynch4 ,viscount ,lucas4 ,viscount ,arundel4 ,viscount ,robertes4 ,viscount ,seymour4 ,viscount ,mohun4 ,viscount ,wharton4 ,vis4 ,howard de ,charlt4 ,viscount ,tenham4 8,their ,lordships1 or any five1 to meet on ,monday next1 in the afternoon1 at #c of the clock2 and to have power to send for such persons as they think fit1 to give them information concerning this business2 and to send for the ,patent40 ,on the #bjth of ,august1 it was ordered1 8,that the ,lord ,chancellor and ,mr4 ,attorney ,general do attend the ,lords ,committee1 which are to meet this afternoon1 to advise them1 in point of law1 concerning the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,patent40,h ,then on the #bcrd of ,august1 the ,marquis of ,dorchester reports from the ,committee1 8,that the ,marquis of ,worcester confessed to their ,lordships1 that a ,patent was made1 and left in his hands1 by the ,king1 to create him ,duke of ,somerset1 upon certain conditions1 which never yet were performed2 that he made no use of it2 that the said ,patent is in the hands of his son the ,lord ,herbert2 and his ,lordship is willing to deliver it up to his ,majesty40 ,a message was sent to the ,house of ,commons1 by ,justice ,tyrrell and ,justice ,turner3 8,to let them know1 that the ,marquis of ,worcester hath acknowledged that the ,patent of the ,dukedom of ,somerset was made to him upon conditions on his part to be performed1 which he hath not performed2 and that therefore he hath not assumed the place or title1 and is willing to submit it to be surrendered1 or otherwise disposed1 as the ,king should appoint2 but that it is in the hands of his son the ,lord ,herbert1 who is a member of the ,house of ,commons2 and therefore to desire that the ,lord ,herbert may deliver it up to the ,marquis of ,worcester40,i ,then it was on the-- #ast of ,september1 8,ordered1 ,that the ,committee formerly appointed to examine the business concerning the ,marquis of ,worcester's patent do meet on ,monday next1 in the afternoon1 peremptorily3 ,and these ,lords following are added to that ,committee3-- ,comes ,bristol4 ,comes ,bridgwater4 ,comes ,clare4 ,viscount ,montagu4 ,viscount ,maynard4 ,viscount ,petre4 ,viscount ,culpepper4 ,viscount ,clifford4 ,viscount ,craven4 8,the ,marquis of ,worcester is to have notice hereof2 and if his ,lordship be not present in the ,house on ,monday morning1 then witnesses are to be examined upon oath in the business1 by the ,committee40,j ,on the #ast of ,september it was 8,ordered1 ,that the said ,committee do meet on ,monday next in the ,prince's lodgings20 but in repeating the names the ,earl of ,bristol was omitted4 ,on the #crd of ,september1 the ,lord ,arundel of ,warder signified to the ,house1 8,that the ,marquis of ,worcester hath delivered up the patent to his ,majesty1 for the ,dukedom of ,somerset40 ,when it was-- 8,ordered1 ,that the same ,committee prepare a ,bill1 that all patents and grants obtained since the beginning of the late wars shall be brought within a short time to be limited1 or else the same to be vacated40 ,in consequence of this order1 on the #eth of ,september1 ,lord ,roberts reported the ,draught of a ,bill for bringing in of grants and patents1 which was twice read and committed2 and being read a third time on the #fth1 it was duly passed4 ,it is very humiliating to find the ,marquis of ,worcester stripped1 not only of his great wealth1 but of even empty titles2 and this latter act not by professed enemies1 but through his peers conjointly with his very sovereign6 ,there is something so utterly contemptible in the whole proceedings1 which deprive without substitution1 and sap the wealth of any man without an adequate effort at remedial measures1 that we feel perplexed how to account for treatment so heartless and discreditable2 whether considered in reference to ,charles the ,first1 or his son and successor1 or the reformed ,parliament4 ,in all the relations of private life the conduct of ,charles the ,first was as commendable as that of his son was reprehensible2 and if ,charles the ,second had viewed the ,marquis's case only in respect to his father's private debts1 he must have felt bound in honour and in common gratitude to assist and uphold the ,marquis of ,worcester in every way and by every means consistent with existing circumstances4 ,it is true that his property was restored along with the very deeds held by ,cromwell1 but his ,castle was an untenantable ruin1 and his estates denuded of their wood2 so that without fortune1 and in debt1 his possessions were almost valueless4 ,besides1 the ,marquis was remarkably modest and fastidiously considerate in all he urged2 yet he sought royal patronage in vain1 for the gay monarch was not to be won from his levity by the philosopher's most plausible petitions4 ,on the #adth of ,december1 #affa1 ,lord ,herbert and other members brought a message to the ,lords1 with several ,bills1 one being 8,an ,act for confirming the ,marquis of ,hertford to the ,dukedom of ,somerset10 which had passed the ,house of ,commons2 and on the #agth1 having then been read a third time1 it also passed the ,house of ,lords4 ,as ,courthope#gj observes1 although the ,marquis of ,worcester thus resigned his claim on the ,dukedom of ,somerset he still retained the titles of ,earl of ,glamorgan and ,baron ,beaufort1 as will be seen hereafter in the copy given of his funeral certificate4 ,the ,marquis seems to have attended the ,house of ,lords for the first time after the ,restoration1 on the #acth of ,june1 #affj1 continuing very regularly for some months4 ,the only others of his rank were the ,marquises of ,winton1 ,hertford1 ,dorchester1 and ,newcastle1 and later1 the ,marquis of ,winchester1 seldom more than one or two of these being present on the same occasion4 ,between this date and the #cjth of ,august1 he sat in the ,house on thirty-seven days4 ,then after an absence of more than two months he is again present on the #fth of ,november1 from which to the #bdth of ,december he attended twenty-five meetings1 the ,king being in the chair on the last occasion4 ,he was not again in his place until the #bith1 when his ,majesty in person adjourned the ,house2 which1 meeting again on the #hth of ,may1 8his ,majesty1 being arrayed in his regal robes with his crown on his head1 ascended his seat of state1 the ,peers being in their robes4 ,on the right hand of his ,majesty stood the ,lord ,great ,chamberlain of ,england1 the ,marquis of ,winton1 bearing the cap of state1 and on his left hand stood the ,earl of ,brecknock1 ,lord ,steward of his ,majesty's household1 bearing the sword4 8,and the ,commons being below the bar1 his ,majesty made a short speech1 declaring the cause and the reasons for his summoning this present ,parliament40 ,in all this august assembly the ,marquis of ,worcester1 robed as were the other ,peers1 claims our special notice4 ,he sat there in strange contrast with that gorgeous company1 and the formalities which marked every process of action or language4 ,was it possible for him to be too expectant1 seeing what he then saw and hearing what he then heard8 ,here was one who was no obscure individual1 no questionable professor1 or undeserved claimant on the patronage and smallest available favours often solicited by him from the crowned monarch in whose presence he then sat4 ,we again miss his attendance until the #aath of ,may1 and the #hth of ,june1 from which time he attended twenty-nine meetings1 the last being on the #cjth ,july1 when his ,majesty in person adjourned the ,house1 and again recalled it on the #bjth ,november1 when the ,marquis was present1 as before4 ,he again attended in his place on the #bfth of ,november1 #affa1 from which time to the #agth of ,may1 when ,parliament was prorogued1 until the #ahth of ,february1 #affb1 he attended thirty-two meetings with much irregularity1 being on one occasion absent for above a month2 and he did not appear on the re-opening of ,parliament1 when the ,house being called1 he was declared absent2 wherefore1 it would seem he attended on the next meeting of the ,house1 on the #beth of the same month1 when he was elected one of a ,committee to report on ,petitions1 occasioning his further more regular attendance4 ,these particulars satisfactorily show his residence in or near ,london1 while they likewise account for the nature of a large share of the employments that then engaged his active mind4 ,but a change in the ,government had brought him little if any alleviation in a pecuniary point of view1 for on the #bnd of ,july1 #affa1 his petition was read in the ,house of ,peers1,k showing 8,that he having contracted many debts in the service of his late ,majesty's wars1 and some of his creditors have obtained judgments against his estate1 and are now extending his lands1 being contrary to the privilege of ,parliament1 he being a ,peer of this ,realm4 8,it is ,ordered1 ,that there shall be no further proceedings1 by any of the ,marquis of ,worcester's said creditors1 against him1 during the time of the privilege of this ,parliament3 ,and hereof all counsel1 attornies1 and solicitors herein employed1 or to be employed1 are to take notice1 and yield obedience to this ,order1 as the contrary will be answered to this ,house40 ,and as affecting his property1 on the #gth of ,august1 #affj1 he had leave granted him by the ,house to bring in a ,bill1,l 8for restoring him to his estate1 as other ,lords have40 ,accordingly1 on the #acth of that month an ,act for the same was read4 ,but in consequence of the petitions of certain creditors1 his ,lordship had leave granted him on the #bhth of ,february1 #affa-b1 to withdraw his ,bill2 and on the #ajth of ,march following he brought forward an amended ,bill1 entitled--8,an ,act on the behalf of ,edward1 ,marquis of ,worcester1 and of the creditors of the said ,marquis1 for vesting and settling upon the feoffees1 in trust1 certain manors1 lands1 and tenements1 for payment of the debts of the said ,marquis40 ,in fact1 the estates were heavily encumbered1 the petitioners1 among others1 alleging1 that 8,they have bought lands and houses of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 for which they have as good assurances as the law can give20 and being heard by counsel at the bar of the ,house1 they succeeded in their object1 as just stated4 ,it was in the midst of such distractions as these ,parliamentary details serve to illustrate1 that this talented inventor and noble benefactor to his species1 had to maintain his social position2 and at the same time1 struggle to convince a bigoted age that he was master of a power of such magnitude for the abridging of human labour1 as the mind of man had never before conceived4 ,footnotes ,a ,see page #aij4 ,b ,jo4 ,h4 of ,lords1 ,vol4 xi4 p4 #ai4 #bf ,clarendon4 ,c ,the ,lord ,chancellor was at this time occupying ,dorset ,house1 in ,salisbury ,court1 once the residence of the ,bishops of ,salisbury1 one of whom alienated it to the ,sackville family4 ,notwithstanding this offer 7free of rent71 it is stated by ,lord ,clarendon1 that he paid for ,worcester ,house a yearly rent of #ejj4 7,t4 ,h4 ,lister's ,life of ,edward1 first ,earl of ,clarendon47 ,d ,jo4 ,h4 of ,lords1 ,vol4 xi4 pages #gj and #cjb4 ,e ,ibid4 ,vol4 xi4 ,f ,ibid4 p4 #he4 ,g ,jo4 ,h4 of ,lords1 ,vol4 xi4 p4 #acc4 ,h ,jo4 ,h4 of ,lords1 ,vol4 xi4 p4 #ace4 ,i ,jo4 ,h4 of ,lords1 #affj4 #ab ,car4 ,,ii4 ,j ,ibid4 p4 #aeb4 #gj ,nicholas4 ,k ,jo4 ,h4 of ,lords1 ,vol4 xi4 p4 #bif4 ,l ,ibid1 pages #aai1 #abe1 #adi1 #aej1 #cdh1 #chf1 #cic1 #cie4 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,his ,,inventions--,,further ,,petitions--,,publication ,,of ,,his ,,century-- ,,charles ,,ii4 ,,visits ,,his ,,son ,,at ,,badminton--,,worcester ,,house1 ,,strand4 ,the preamble of an ,act for awarding #fj1jjj to poor cavaliers sets forth1 that 8,whereas there was a loyal party which through all hazard and extremities in the defence of the ,king's person1 crown1 and dignity1 the rights and privileges of ,parliament1 the religion1 laws1 and honour of the ,english nation1 did bear arms by command of his late ,majesty of ever blessed memory1 according to their duty1 and the known laws of this land1 and did with an unwearied courage1 faith1 and constancy1 with their lives and fortunes1 oppose the barbarous rebellion raised against his most excellent ,majesty in the year #afdb1 c4 c40,a ,but means so inadequate could really benefit few1 particularly so large a claimant as the ,marquis of ,worcester1 who had sacrificed more than fifteen times the whole amount of that fund4 ,and although he received back a large portion of his estates1 the very deeds held by ,cromwell being at this day in the family's possession1 his own debts had accumulated to a most ruinous extent1 less from improvidence on his own part1 than from the precarious course of life his necessities had obliged him to lead1 especially during the last ten or twelve years4 ,but his indomitable spirit rose superior to every calamity1 whether public or private1 and we find him in the midst of all his personal grievances having a patent sealed on the #aeth of ,november1 #affa1 for four several inventions2 #a4 a watch or clock2 #b4 guns or pistols2 #c4 an engine applicable for giving security to a coach2 and #d4 a boat to sail against wind and tide4 ,no description is afforded to guide the mechanic in constructing such inventions1 being a mere statement of their nature and properties1 as detailed probably in the first written copy of the ,century in #afee1 and still preserved in the printed edition4 ,there is not the slightest connection between these inventions1 and their incongruity would rather dishearten than encourage modern enterprise1 variety of employments being contrary to the proverbial recommendation of all traders4 ,it may be as well1 therefore1 to remark that this brief and strange assemblage of inventions in the same inventor1 and in his single patent1 was customary long before and after this period2 so that1 considered in this respect alone1 the circumstance wore no air of singularity in the #agth century4 ,nothing occurs to throw the least light on the effect of this first publication of these inventions1 we are consequently led to suppose that they proved of but little value to him1 as regarded watches or firearms2 and in respect to coaches and paddle-boats we should certainly have heard more about them had the one perambulated the streets or the other sailed on the ,thames4 ,he appears1 previous to his patent1 probably immediately after his release from the ,tower1 to have circulated a written statement of such of his inventions as he conceived most likely to attract public notice4 ,in the ,library of the ,british ,museum,b there is a small quarto half sheet of paper1 closely written on both sides in a clerk's hand1 bearing the title of 8,inventions of ye ,earle of ,worcestr10 enumerating eight subjects1 viz4 improvements in a watch1 vessel1 artificial bird1 hour ball1 coach engine1 raising weights1 raising water1 and to stay motion4,c ,a matter of slight consequence at the time makes us acquainted with a small matter passing in reference to the recovered estates4 ,sir ,robert ,mason writing1 on the #ajth of ,november1 #affa1 to ,mr4 ,secretary ,nicholas1 states that the person whom he has taken into custody is ,edward ,herbert1 late of the ,grange1 near ,magor1 ,monmouth1 where he was ,cromwell's tenant of part of the ,marquis of ,worcester's estate2 but since the ,marquis had power to recover it1 he retired to ,bristol4 ,he further says1 that he was ,cromwell's right hand1 and is an ,independent4,d ,the ,marquis of ,worcester must have been very fully occupied at this time1 with the various incidents portending a change in his domestic affairs1 yet he appears never to have forgotten1 or considered it any trouble1 to assist and relieve the necessities of others4 ,in this humane spirit we find him addressing two long letters to the ,secretary of ,state1 the first in respect to ,captain ,william ,foster1 a prisoner in the ,tower2 the other relating to the ,captain's servant4 ,they derive a further interest from the allusion he makes to his own former captivity in the same fortress3--,e 8,,right ,,honourable1 8,though ,i bear as great a reverence to the ,act of ,oblivion as any1 yet methinks justice also requires it at my hands to make a great difference between those who in their then actings carried a respect and afforded kindness to us their poor prisoners for his ,majesty's cause2 ,i think myself therefore bound in honour and gratitude to give such a testimony in ,captain ,william ,foster's behalf to my own knowledge1 and was an eye-witness thereof to the very saving some prisoners of quality and merit from8 their greatest hazards1 who ,i believe 7if they were in town1 or present with you7 would not deny it3 the favour he only begs1 and ,i in his behalf1 is1 that upon sufficient bail1 he may follow his own calling1 and provide for many children of his wife's relict1 of one once a soldier for his ,majesty2 and some little ones of his own1 now by her ever a most ,lady ,cavalier4 ,and if my intercession may be of stead to him1 and of value to you1 ,i shall take it for a good obligation upon one who am confident his accusations are of some priest animosities1 and will prove so when rightly understood3 for before his ,majesty's happy restoration his commission was upon that account taken from him to his damage1 and that he should now likewise suffer for his ,majesty does seem very hard4 ,but ,i submit all this to your ,honour's best judgment towards him1 and create an obligation from you upon me1 though not very personally known to you1 yet a great admirer of your great parts and merit2 and shall ever approve myself 8,your ,honour's 8most affectionate and most humble servant1 8,,worcester4 8,november #ahth1 #affb4 8,for the ,right ,honourable ,sir ,henry ,bennett1 ,one of his ,majesty's principal ,secretaries of ,state1 these40 ,and the month following he wrote3-- 8,,right ,,honourable1 8,had not my indisposition hindered my attendance at ,court1 ,i should in one of the first places waited upon you to give humble thanks for your extended favour upon my letter1 in taking bail for ,captain ,foster's servant2 and ,i hope his ,honour is now satisfied so well at the sessions1 as not to detain him any longer1 in whose behalf1 had ,i thought him in the least guilty1 ,i should rather have suffered myself than have appeared for him2 but my six years' experience of him during my imprisonment in the ,tower1 made me confident1 and if you please now to crown your favour to me by his despatch1 it shall be1 ere long1 most thankfully acknowledged by me1 who do not long for any one reason more to be at ,court1 and haste thither1 than to be an eye-witness of so bright a star showing there2 and that ,i may have occasion to appear 8,your ,honour's 8most humble and obliged servant1 8,,worcester4,f 8,december #acth1 #affb4 8,for the ,right ,honourable ,sir ,henry ,bennett1 ,one of his ,majesty's principal ,secretaries of ,state1 these40 ,we learn from the latter communication that he was in attendance at ,court1 though at the time1 through indisposition1 obliged to discontinue4 ,his expression--8my six years' experience of him1 during my imprisonment in the ,tower10 will bear two or three constructions1 unless certain particulars are well noted4 ,he may be considered to have been a state prisoner from ,july #afeb1 to ,may #affj4 ,but he may have been confined in the ,tower only from ,july #afeb1 until #eth of ,october #afed1 when an order passed for his liberation on bail1 but yet virtually a prisoner4 ,as we have for the longest period the term of nearly eight years1 the preceding 8six years0 acquaintance may have commenced only shortly before his discharge on bail1 which appears to be the most reasonable construction1 as he is not speaking of the precise term of his own imprisonment but of that of his 8experience of him during my imprisonment40 ,from the time of his enlargement to the termination of the ,protectorate was five years and seven months1 still leaving five months to accomplish the acquaintance within the precincts of the prison1 and which he might fairly date to the period of ,charles the ,second's accession1 as the full term of his 8imprisonment10 whether within or without its precise locality2 for he was certainly not at liberty1 like any other subject of the ,commonwealth1 to leave the kingdom4 ,it has generally1 however1 been supposed that he suffered many years of absolute close confinement1 and most romantic fictions have grown out of the interesting fable of a philosopher incarcerated in some dungeon-like chambers within the ,tower1 experimenting on culinary vessels1 led by the explosion of a pot-lid to study the nature of steam1 thereon applying his great discovery to practice1 and forthwith writing a book1 a true picture of science struggling under the most excruciating difficulties4 ,the fable lost nothing of interest by repetition1 being of a nature which left much to the imagination whether of readers1 writers1 or artists1 all of whom have exercised almost unlimited indulgence in picturing the ,marquis of ,worcester1 under circumstances purely mythical and absurdly ingenious4 ,we now approach the great event of the ,marquis of ,worcester's life1 that for which alone1 through all time1 he will be distinguished1 as pre-eminent among the luminaries who have advanced those branches of science which have most contributed to promote and extend the necessaries1 conveniences1 and comforts of mankind1 thereby giving a decided impulse to civilization4 ,the new reign was marked by highly favourable circumstances connected with the advance of science1 giving rise to the institution of the ,royal ,society1 in #affj1 for 8improving natural knowledge10 which was incorporated by ,royal ,charter two years later4 ,as early as ,january #affj-fa1 the ,marquis had intimated his intention to proceed practically to work1 so soon1 as he expresses himself1--8as with security and satisfaction1 by ,act of ,parliament1 ,i may put in practice the greatest gift of invention for profit1 that ,i ever yet heard of vouchsafed to a man1 especially so unworthy and ignorant as ,i am 7,i mean my ,water-commanding ,engine74,g ,two years later the ,house of ,peers1 and afterwards the ,house of ,commons1 had this subject before them1 and therefore1 in a matter which has grown to be one of national importance1 we shall proceed to afford the fullest particulars of what transpired1 to obtain for the ,marquis the long contemplated ,act4 ,in the ,house of ,lords1 on the #afth of ,march1 #affb-c1 the ,marquis of ,worcester being present1 his ,bill was read the first time1 for--8,an ,act to enable ,edward ,marquis of ,worcester to receive the benefit and profit of a ,water-commanding ,engine1 by him invented2 one tenth part whereof is appropriated for the benefit of the ,king's ,majesty1 his heirs and successors40,h ,it was read a second time1 and committed on the #aith following1 his ,lordship again attending1 when a ,committee of #ad members was appointed4,i 8,his ,lordship was again present on the #bhth of ,march1 #affc1 when the ,bill was reported with amendments and recommitted2 and he also attended on the #cjth1 when the ,report was received with a proviso1 which was read twice1 agreed to1 and the ,bill ordered to be engrossed4 ,and on the #cast of the same month it was read a third time and passed40,j ,on the #bnd of ,april,k the ,house of ,lords sent the ,bill1 with the following message1 to the ,house of ,commons1 by ,sir ,thomas ,bennett and ,sir ,justinian ,lewyn1 ,knights3-- 8,mr4 ,speaker1 ,the ,lords have sent you down a ,bill to enable ,edward ,marquis of ,worcester to receive the benefit and profit of a ,water-commanding ,engine1 by him invented2 one tenth part whereof is appropriated for the benefit of the ,king's ,majesty1 his heirs and successors2 to which they desire the concurrence of this ,house40 ,after other business1 in the ,house of ,commons1,l on the #dth of ,april1 the ,bill was read a second time and committed1 and it was recommended to the ,committee,m to provide1 8,that after the death of the ,lord ,marquis1 the benefit of the ,water-commanding ,engine may come to the ,lord ,herbert his son40 8,and they are to meet on ,tuesday next1 in the ,exchequer ,chamber1 at two of the clock in the afternoon3 ,and to send for persons1 papers and records40 ,the ,commons' ,committee,n reported on the #eth of ,may following1 through ,mr4 ,hungerford1 8,that the ,committee had accordingly prepared a proviso for the purpose aforesaid3 which he read in his place2 and after1 delivered the same in at the clerk's table4 8,the said proviso being twice read2 8,resolved1 c4 ,that the words #8raising and' be inserted in the proviso1 after the word #8the1' and before the word #8carriage1' in the fourth line of the proviso4 8,which was done accordingly4 8,the proviso1 thus amended1 was read the third time4 8,resolved1 c4 ,that the proviso1 so amended1 be agreed to4 8,resolved1 c4 ,that the ,bill1 with the amendments and proviso1 agreed to1 be returned to the ,lords1 for their concurrence4 8,and the ,lord ,herbert is to carry the same up to the ,lords40 ,in the ,house of ,lords1,o on the #gth of ,may1 8,a message was brought from the ,house of ,commons1 by the ,lord ,herbert and others3 ,to return a ,bill formerly sent down1 concerning the ,lord ,marquis of ,worcester's ,water ,engine2 wherein they have made some amendments and alterations1 and desire their ,lordships' concurrence therein40 ,on the #hth of ,may1 after other business3--8,next1 was read the alterations and proviso brought up from the ,house of ,commons1 which are to be added to the ,bill concerning the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,water-commanding ,engine2 and being thrice read over1 and considered of1-- 8,the question being put1 #8,whether this ,bill1 with the alterations and additions now read1 shall pass8' 8,it was resolved in the affirmative40 ,on these three last occasions the ,marquis was likewise present4 ,on the #abth of ,may,o their ,lordships1 in their message1,p by ,sir ,william ,child and ,sir ,toby ,woolrich1 to the ,house of ,commons1 acquainted them that they agreed to their alterations2 and1 on the #crd of ,june1 the royal assent was given to 8,an ,act to enable the ,marquis of ,worcester to receive the benefit and profit of a ,water-commanding ,engine1 by him invented1 c40--in these words3-- 8,soit fait come il est desir40 ,but the ,marquis was not in attendance1 as on former occasions1 to watch the proceedings4 ,we have thus traced the progress of this remarkable ,act through ,parliament2 from the #afth of ,march to the day of its receiving the royal assent on the #crd of ,june4 ,it will have been remarked that the ,marquis was in constant attendance1 and that it was his son who was deputed by the ,commons1 on the #crd of ,may1 to present the amended ,bill to the ,peers4 ,it is impossible to imagine what might have been the feelings of the ,marquis himself throughout the period of these prolonged proceedings1 but he unquestionably had set his mind on this measure as the palladium of his inventive rights and the forerunner of brighter prospects4 ,in a memorandum relating to various grants1 among others1 occurs one to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 thus noticed3--8,march1 #aff4 ,that by ,act of ,parliament his ,invention of a ,water-commanding ,engine1 granted him for ninety-nine years1 one tenth reserved to the ,king4 ,the ,king remitted the tenth to the ,marquis upon a surrender of a ,warrant dated at ,oxford1 #eth ,jan4 #bj ,car4 ,i4 by which his then ,majesty did grant the ,marquis lands to the value of #dj1jjj1 in consideration of a debt due to the ,marquis from his ,majesty40,q,r ,the prospect of better days had now fairly set in2 he had at least succeeded in securing his invention to himself and to his family after him1 as a property in the value of which he felt unbounded confidence1 roundly estimating it at not less than #djj1jjj4 ,shortly after the passing of this ,act he published his ever memorable and extremely curious and ingenious little work1 entitled 8,a ,century of the names and scantlings of ,inventions40,s ,it is dedicated to ,charles the ,second1 and also to both ,houses of ,parliament2 in addressing the latter he expresses himself as being--8by the ,act of the ,water-commanding ,engine 7which so cheerfully you have passed7 sufficiently rewarded20 and as the work bears date on the title page1 #affc1 it must have been published after the passing of the ,act1 in ,may1 that year4 ,this edition1 only duodecimo size1 consisting of #ih pages1 is now very scarce1 but it has been frequently reprinted4 ,this small volume was most likely only intended for private distribution1 particularly among members of ,parliament1 and persons whose support might be solicited2 for it is generally believed that a company was being organised for bringing the invention into public use4 ,during this state of affairs in ,london an agreeable episode was being enacted at ,badminton ,house1 ,gloucestershire1 the seat of his son1 ,lord ,herbert4 ,in ,september1 #affc1 ,charles the ,second and his ,queen visited ,bath1 ,badminton1 ,cirencester1 and other places1 in their progress to ,oxford4 ,mr4 ,godolphin1 writing from ,bath on the #ahth of ,september1 #affc1 to his brother1 says3--,t8,we were waiting on the ,king to ,badminton1 a house of my ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan1 where the ,king dined1 and was handsomely entertained40 ,from ,oxford1 he again writes to his brother1 on the #bhth ,september1 #affc1 in which he informs him that1 among other matters1 he will 8receive the account promised of our progress through ,bath1 hither40 ,a news-letter1 dated 8,oxford1 #bhth0 #affc1 which is no doubt the one alluded to1 commences3-- 8,on ,tuesday1 the #bbnd instant148 the ,king and ,queen left ,bath1 and at their entrance into ,gloucestershire were met by the ,high ,sheriff2 and a little after by the ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan1 ,lord ,lieutenant of that ,county1 with a brave appearance of the gentry of that ,county1 who all conducted their ,majesties to the ,lord ,herbert's house1 at ,badminton1 where their ,majesties were nobly entertained at dinner40 ,they went thence to ,cirencester1 where they supped at ,lord ,newburgh's1 and lodged that night4 ,an obvious discrepancy occurs in the two accounts of the dinner1 ,mr4 ,godolphin on the #ahth writes of it as having taken place1 whereas the ,oxford news-letter names the #bbnd4 ,from #affj1 we find ,lord ,clarendon making a temporary residence of ,worcester ,house in the ,strand1 where1 in ,december1 the same year1 ,evelyn paid a visit to the ,lord ,chancellor's newly married daughter4 ,and four years later he dined there1 being afterwards taken in their coach by the ,chancellor and his ,lady1 to see their palace1 building at the upper end of ,st4 ,james's ,street4#cg ,the ,marquis's own residence never transpires1 but it is more than probable he would reside near to1 or within easy access of ,vauxhall1 where we have next to trace his very different1 exceedingly arduous1 and most trying undertaking4 ,footnotes ,a ,bod4 ,lib4 8,carte ,papers4 ,lord ,wharton's ,papers1 #ha40 ,b ,brit4 ,mus4 ,birch ,,mss4 ,no4 #ddei4 ,c ,see ,appendix ,a4 ,d ,col4 ,state ,papers1 #affa-affb2 ,domestic ,series4 ,edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green1 page #ada4 #hvo4 #ahfa4 ,e ,col4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affb4 ,nos4 #bh and #fj4 ,vols4 #fc and #fd4 ,f ,this and the former letter are holographs4 ,g ,see page #bbb4 ,h ,jo4 ,h4 of ,lords4 ,vol4 xi4 p4 #dic1 #did4 ,i ,it was 8,ordered1 ,that the consideration of this ,bill is committed to these ,lords following2 videlicet1 ,lord ,privy ,seal4 ,marquis of ,dorchester4 ,comes ,bridgwater4 ,comes ,north'on4 ,comes ,bollingbroke4 ,comes ,st4 ,albans4 ,viscount ,say et ,seale4 ,bp4 ,london4 ,bp4 ,winton4 ,bp4 ,ely4 ,bp4 ,sarum4 ,bp4 ,petriburgh4 ,bp4 ,carlisle4 ,ds4 ,berkeley de ,b4 ,ds4 ,pagett4 ,ds4 ,chandos4 ,ds4 ,hunsdon4 ,ds4 ,craven4 ,ds4 ,loughborough4 ,ds4 ,byron4 ,ds4 ,colepeper4 8,their ,lordships1 or any other five1 to meet on ,saturday next1 in the afternoon at three of the clock1 in the ,prince's ,lodgings40 ,j ,jo4 ,h4 of ,lords1 ,vol4 xi4 p4 #dii1 #eja1 #ejb4 ,k ,ibid4 p4 #ejd4 ,l ,jo4 ,h4 of ,com4 ,vol4 viii4 p4 #dfd4 ,m ,the following ,members were on the ,committee3-- ,lord ,st4 ,john1 ,sir ,geo4 ,probert1 ,sir ,robert ,atkyns1 ,mr4 ,clifford1 ,sir ,john ,goodrick1 ,sir ,tho4 ,meres1 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,sandis1 ,mr4 ,chichley1 ,sir ,tho4 ,ingram1 ,mr4 ,crouch1 ,mr4 ,culleford1 ,serjeant ,charlton1 ,lord ,herbert1 ,lord ,bruce1 ,mr4 ,hen4 ,coventry1 ,sir ,lanc4 ,lake1 ,mr4 ,birch1 ,sir ,tho4 ,tompkins1 ,mr4 ,john ,vaughan1 ,sir ,rich4 ,braham1 ,sir ,john ,birkinhead1 ,mr4 ,wren1 ,sir ,rowland ,berkley1 ,colonel ,fletchvile1 ,sir ,geo4 ,downing1 ,mr4 ,westphaling1 ,mr4 ,waller1 ,sir ,cha4 ,harbord1 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,montague1 ,colonel ,windham1 ,mr4 ,hungerford1 ,mr4 ,sprye1 ,sir ,wm4 ,lewis1 ,sir ,rich4 ,onslow1 ,mr4 ,gaudy1 ,mr4 ,prideaux1 ,sir ,tho4 ,littleton1 ,sir ,humphrey ,bennet1 ,colonel ,gilby1 ,sir ,wm4 ,fleetwood1 ,sir ,solomon ,swale1 ,mr4 ,geo4 ,montague1 ,mr4 ,morice1 ,sir ,john ,low1 ,sir ,john ,holland1 ,sir ,roger ,bradshaigh1 ,sir ,nich4 ,steward1 ,mr4 ,whorwood1 ,sir ,john ,denham1 ,sir ,john ,norton1 ,mr4 ,cornwallis4 ,n ,jo4 ,h4 of ,com4 ,vol4 viii4 p4 #dge1 #dgf4 ,o ,jo4 ,h4 of ,lords1 ,vol4 xi4 pages #eag and #eai4 ,p ,jo4 ,h4 of ,lords1 ,vol4 xi4 p4 #ebb and #ecc2 and ,jo4 ,h4 of ,com4 ,vol4 viii4 p4 #dhj4 ,q ,see ,calendar of ,state ,papers1 #affc-affd4 ,domestic ,series1 ,charles ,,ii4 edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green1 referring to ,vol4 #ie1 and papers between ,nos4 #aja and #ajb4 ,the same memorandum1 in another form1 appears also in ,domestic ,correspondence1 ,feb4 #affd4 ,vol4 #ic1 ,no4 #hc1--thus3-- 8,water ,engine ,invented4 ,the tenths of the benefit remitted to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 the ,inventor1 in lieu of lands to the value of #dj1jjj1 granted by warrant from his ,majesty for that sum disbursed in his service40 ,r ,see ,appendix ,f4 ,s ,mr4 ,thomas ,baker1 a talented engineer1 and withal a poet1 has very gracefully epitomized the character of the ,century in his poem on 8,the ,steam ,engine2 or the ,powers of ,flame10 published in #aheg4 ,as the work is now extremely scarce1 and not likely to be met with by the general reader1 the following extract may prove acceptable3-- ,,the ,,vision ,,of ,,the ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester4 ,with hopes now high1 now with despair oppress'd1 ,as ,phbus sunk1 he also sunk to rest2 ,when lo6 uprose before his mental view ,a ,,hundred ,,engines of devices new6 ,in slow procession he their forms survey'd2 ,in each recondite fabric were display'd ,rare works of art1 and such as far surpass ,ought erst beheld in iron1 steel1 or brass2 ,while gems with gold and silver's polished sheen ,blended their hues in this artistic scene3 99 99 99 99 99 ,resplendent seals were there in groups arranged1 ,which by a touch their rare devices changed1 ,and secrets in all languages convey'd ,from man to man1 nor once their trust betray'd4 ,such were the seals to ,eastern ,magi known1 ,by which of old their wond'rous feats were shown4 ,nine engines next in slow succession came1 ,explosive from the slightest touch of flame1 ,replete with missiles1 used in various ways3 99 99 99 99 99 ,a floating garden1 gay1 with verdant bowers1 ,and redolent with blooming trees and flowers1 ,drew its own moisture1 moved its pleasing form1 ,spontaneous met the sun1 and shunn'd the storm2 ,such scenes of fair delight1 are wont to smile ,from age to age in ,hainan's palmy isle6 ,nine splendid founts their varied forms display'd1 ,whence cooling streams1 abstrusely winding1 stray'd2 ,in one1 tall jets bright ,iris' colours show'd2 ,in one1 the waters ever ebb'd and flow'd3 99 99 99 99 99 ,next there came forth a vast abstruse machine1 ,where motions of ten thousand worlds were seen2 ,th' thereal vault around was wide display'd1 ,as by bright ,phbus from his car survey'd2 ,here scenic splendour and rich art outshone ,all ,orreries to modern science known6 ,a new variety1 in number vast1 ,of ever-changing forms before him pass'd3 ,not ,proteus' self could with their antics cope1 ,nor modern scenes of gay ,kaleidoscope3 ,their graceful symmetry and rainbow-hues ,a rapt'rous wonder o'er his mind diffuse6 ,to vary these abstruse artistic scenes1 ,there pass'd along a group of fresh machines2 ,many there were that in these days impart ,essential aid to various schemes of art3 ,one was a globe buoy'd by a crystal well1 ,which night or day the passing hour could tell1 ,with the elapsing minutes1 seconds too2 ,and1 like the dial1 to the heaven true2 ,the famed ,clepsydra1 in its artifice1 ,was but a bauble when compared with this6 ,martial designs came next1 in size immense1 ,adapted for attack1 and for defence3 99 99 99 99 99 ,to crown these shows of wonder and delight1 ,a ,,being rose of superhuman might3 99 99 99 99 99 ,at every motion from his nostrils came ,a mounting vap'rous breath like subtle flame6 ,at once it beam'd on ,worcester's mental eye1 ,that ,,steam alone might this great power supply3 ,and lo6 as 'twere this thought to realize1 ,he saw it1 fuming1 from vast cauldron rise2 ,from whence this prodigy his spirit drew1 ,achieving thus what met the wondering view6 ,t ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affc-fd1 edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green1 #hvo4 #ahfb4 #cg ,evelyn4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,his ,,operations ,,at ,,vauxhall--,,petitions ,,and ,,decease--,,caspar ,,kaltoff ,,and ,,family--,m4 ,,sorbiere--,,cosmo1 ,,grand ,,duke ,,of ,,tuscany--,,the ,,dowager ,,marchioness ,,of ,,worcester4 ,in the second ,dedication to his 8,century0 the ,marquis of ,worcester expressly alludes to 8the experiments extant1 and comprised under these several heads1 practicable with my directions1 by the unparalleled workman both for trust and skill1 ,caspar ,kaltoff's hand1 who hath been these five and thirty years as in a school under me employed2 and still at my disposal1 in a place by my great expenses made fit for public service1 yet lately like to be taken from me1 and consequently from the service of ,king and kingdom1 without the least regard of above #aj1jjj expended by me through my zeal to the common good40 ,we have thus the fact on record1 that ,kaltoff was employed by him in the execution of his mechanical experiments from #afbh to #affc1 commencing with the period of his first marriage1 when he was about twenty-seven years of age4 ,in #affd1 ,m4 ,samuel ,sorbire1 historian to the ,king of ,france1 published in ,paris a small work entitled--8,relation d'un voyage en ,angleterre1 c40 ,as he appears to have interested himself in scientific matters1 as much or more than in any other single subject1 no apology need be offered for quoting his entire remarks2 because1 although perhaps in one sense they appear irrelevant1 yet they acquire interest here1 as proving that he was not an incompetent authority in reference to his most important remarks resulting from a visit to ,vauxhall4 ,besides1 it is not a little remarkable that ,dr4 ,sprat1 a ,fellow of the ,royal ,society1 as well as its historian1,a in a book of equal extent to that written by this contemporary authority1 addressed to ,dr4 ,wren1 ,professor of ,astronomy1 under the title of 8,observations on ,m4 ,sorbire's ,voyage into ,england10#ia not only passes over these remarks1 but ridicules his short experience of only 8three months20 and1 8that when he declares he came into ,england to content his curiosity1 to see all rare things and men amongst us1 yet he scarce mentions the ,duke of ,york60 ,this last omission1 however serious a one it might have been in #affe1 the lively ,frenchman has amply compensated for1 by the substitution of matter that has a far greater interest for posterity4 ,sorbire says3-- 8,m4 de ,monconis showed me his journal1 which was so curious1 and where he had collected so exactly all that was passing among the learned men of the ,royal ,society of ,london1 that his industry has made me negligent in collecting afresh for myself the things found there4 ,we shall see some day all that he has said in it1 for if he believes me he will lay before the public that1 as well as his other journal of ,egypt and ,jerusalem4 ,he speaks of several new inventions1 which would be very difficult to believe1 if not tried4 ,one is a self-registering instrument to mark atmospheric changes which happen every #bd hours1 effected by a pendulum clock4 ,a thermometer2 a compass2 a self-registering weather-cock2 a means by which ,mr4 ,willis causes a piece of iron by exposure to moderate heat to calcine1 without the help of a corrosive1 and dissolve on being plunged into water2 of a deaf and dumb person at ,oxford1 who ,mr4 ,willis has taught to read by showing the different inflexions of the voice necessary for articulation2 a new manner of exploding ships in the water2 a way by which several short beams can be made into a plain flat surface1 by placing them one on the top of another without being supported1 nailed1 or grooved one into another2 of a furnace or stove by ,dr4 ,kuffler1 in the style of ,drebble's1 which ,i saw some time ago at ,la ,hague1 and which was so successful at ,arnheim1 with self-acting registers2 another kind of furnace which1 for five sous worth of wood1 cooked a large quantity of bread2 a way of distilling salt-water to make it drinkable1 where for five sous you can distil water enough for #ajj persons to drink2 an instrument to design and draw every description of object by a person who has never learnt40 ,he adds3--8,one of the most curious things ,i wished to see was a ,hydraulic ,machine1 which the ,marquis of ,worcester has invented1 and of which he has made an experiment4 ,i went expressly to ,vauxhall1 the other side of the ,thames1 a little below ,lambeth1 which is the ,palace of the ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 in sight of ,london4 ,this machine will raise to the height of #dj feet by the strength of one man1 and in the space of one minute of time1 four large buckets of water1 and that by a pipe or tube of #h inches4 ,but what will be the most powerful help to the wants of the public is the work which is performed by another ingeniously constructed machine1 which can be seen raised on a wooden tower on the top of ,somerset ,house1 which supplies that part of the town with water1 but with some difficulty1 and a smaller quantity than could be desired4 ,it is somewhat like our ,samaritane water-work on the ,pont-,neuf2 and on the raising pump they have added an impulsion which increases the force2 but for what we obtain by the power of the ,seine1 they employ one or two horses which incessantly turn the machine1 as the tide of their river changes its course twice a day1 and the spring or wheels which are used for the ebbing tide would not do for the flow40 ,m4 ,sorbire's ,dedication of his narrative to the ,king is dated #abth ,december1 #affc1 so that it is possible the ,century had been published previous to the visit he has just described1 and it is worthy of notice that he expresses no difficulty in obtaining access to the exhibition of the machine1 which gives colour to the belief that it was on public view1 for the purpose of establishing a company to carry out the invention on a large scale4 ,vauxhall1 as it is now called1 was variously designated ,fox-hall1 ,faukeshall1 ,fulke's ,hall1 corruptions of a derivation from ,fulke de ,breaut1 who built a mansion in the manor of ,south ,lambeth1 long known as ,fulke's-hall4#id ,in #afeb1 the ,parliament having determined that ,vauxhall-house1 which had been reserved by a former order1 should be sold1 it was purchased by ,john ,trenchard of ,westminster4 ,after the ,restoration it was leased to ,henry ,lord ,moore1 afterwards ,earl of ,drogheda1 together with the demesne lands of ,kennington for #ca years2 with a proviso1 that if his ,majesty should think fit to make use of the house1 or any part thereof1 it should be surrendered upon a proper allowance being made for the same4 ,the ,king1 availing himself of this proviso the year after the lease was granted1 settled ,casper ,kaltoff1 a ,dutchman1 at ,vauxhall1 who was employed in making guns and other warlike implements for government service4#fe ,by an ,act of the ,house of ,commons1 #agth of ,july1 #afdi1 for the sale of the houses1 c4 of the late ,king1 ,queen1 and ,prince1 it is provided that 8it should not extend to the house called ,vaux ,hall1 nor to the grounds1 houses1 buildings1 models1 utensils1 or other necessaries for practical inventions therein contained2 but that they should remain for the use of the ,commonwealth1 to be employed and disposed of by the ,parliament1 as they shall think fit40#c ,now the mention of inventions and models1 taken in connection with recent facts1 would lead to the inference that the ,marquis of ,worcester might have been much earlier associated with practical experiments at ,vauxhall than at first appears4 ,on this point he was always reserved1 even in his ,century only cautiously alluding to ,kaltoff as being 8in a place by my great expenses made fit for public service1 yet lately like to be taken from me40 ,among the manuscripts of the ,royal ,society is a letter from ,samuel ,hartlib1 the author of works relating to ,husbandry1 addressed to the ,honourable ,robert ,boyle1#ad dated ,amsterdam1 ,may the #ahth1 #afdi1 in which he remarks3#ajd--8;,fauxhall is to be set apart for public uses1 by which is meant making it a place of resort for artists1 mechanics1 c4 and a dpt for models and philosophical apparatus40 ,it is further proposed1 that 8experiments and trials of profitable inventions should be carried on10 which1 says ,hartlib1 8will be of great use to the ,commonwealth40 ,adding that the late ,king 7,charles ,i47 8designed ,fauxhall for such an use40 ,after a lapse of five years1 he writes another letter to ,boyle1#ad on the same subject1 furnishing us1 incidentally1 with the following curious and important details3--8,the ,earl of ,worcester is buying ,fauxhall from ,mr4 ,trenchard1 to bestow the use of that house upon ,gaspar ,calehof ,kaltoff and son son-in-law1 as long as they shall live1 for he intends to make it a ,college of ,artisans4 ,yesterday 7he adds7 ,i was invited by the famous ,thomas ,bushel to ,lambeth ,marsh1 to see part of that foundation40#ajd ,hartlib was a generous-hearted man1 who projected many schemes for public benefit4 ,evelyn styles him an 8ingenious person1 honest and learned20 that he deserved the latter distinction we may infer from the fact of ,milton having addressed to him his treatise 8,of ,education40 ,these particulars serve to show a very early connection on the part of the ,marquis of ,worcester with ,vauxhall1 making it still more probable that he had established a laboratory or workshop there1 years before the ,civil ,war broke out2 that from its extent it was proposed to retain it for the benefit of the ,state2 and that on his own release from the ,tower he sought to regain possession of the premises1 but possibly1 for politic reasons1 in the name of his faithful workman ,caspar ,kaltoff4 ,during #ce years there would be a large accumulation of models for one hundred inventions and several hundreds of experiments1 as well as a considerable quantity of tools and machinery4 ,he would certainly choose some place as near as possible to the great mart1 where alone he could obtain1 within any reasonable time1 the numerous articles and materials constantly required in experimental employments2 and desiring to be near ,london1 when we find him at ,vauxhall in #affc1 who can doubt1 that he rather continued1 than selected for the first time1 the locality where we now find the indefatigable noble inventor and his veteran 8unparalleled workman10 engaged on the first public example of the 8,water-commanding ,engine40 ,pressing as were his personal necessities1 he continued untiring in maintaining the practical working of the new engine set up under protection of the ,act he had obtained in #affc4 ,but1 like all novel enterprises1 people were sceptical as to its real value4 ,he appears to have been wholly neglected by the first scientific authorities of his day1 who yet could not be otherwise than aware of the remarkable performance of the engine erected by him at ,vauxhall4 ,we find him making sufficient allusion to its nature and properties in his ,century1 published in #affc2 then1 in #affd1 ,sorbire published his account of his visit to ,england1 further describing what he had seen of the water-works at ,vauxhall2 while ,dr4 ,sprat1 by the severe strictures he wrote on the ,royal-,hydrographer's book1 in the letter he published1 addressed to ,dr4 ,wren1 at ,oxford1 must have spread the intelligence1 and served to call attention to ,sorbire's statement4 ,what benefit the ,marquis of ,worcester really received through the intervention of friends or the public1 beyond temporary loans of money1 does not transpire1 and1 judging from the following documents1 his financial position was reduced to the lowest state possible4 ,the original papers are fortunately preserved at ,badminton ,house4 ,the first is endorsed1 8,copy of the letter which was sent by my ,lord ,duke of ,albemarle to the ,lord ,arlington40 8,,my ,,lord1 8,the sad condition of my ,lord ,marquis of ,worcester1 after his so great merits from the ,crown of ,england1 as few can imagine1 but now discovered by sure hands unto me1 inclined me to write such a letter to his ,majesty1 as ,i find by him that your ,lordship hath been acquainted with2 but reflecting1 that if it should be presented to the ,king1 it might seem against some resolutions of mine1 not to importune his ,majesty for things of the like nature1 as are therein mentioned1 ,i choose rather to desire my ,lord ,marquis to suspend my endeavours to serve him therein with his ,majesty1 till ,i have the honour personally to attend him2 yet1 in the meantime1 if your ,lordship find an occasion to incline the ,king thereunto1 ,i shall not fail to second your ,lordship therein1 or any other who may be instrumental to get from his ,majesty a due consideration of my ,lord ,marquis1 his just pretensions to as much favour and recompense as any subject ,i know2 and ,i make no question but when your ,lordship hath thoroughly known him1 you will be of the same opinion1 and if that be any value with you1 ,i do profess that in obliging my ,lord ,marquis of ,worcester1 you will also exceedingly oblige1 8,your ,lordship's1 c40 ,the next is a ,draft ,petition in the ,marquis's handwriting1 written with more care than usually occurs in his letters3-- 8,,dread ,,sovereign1 8,although ,i know very well that were the wise and politic ,cornelius ,tacitus living1 he durst not whisper unto your ,majesty as he did to other ,princes1 prone to hear him1 when he said3--#8,eo usque grata sunt beneficia quam diu solvi posse videantur ubi semel antevenere pro gratia odium vedditur4' ,i am1 notwithstanding1 very loth to trouble your sacred ,majesty in order to myself1 not but ,i am sufficiently necessitated to importune you1 even as much as any poor subject your ,majesty hath2 and warranted by as good a title unto it 7if1 after an opulent and flourishing condition to become an object of pity1 through my zeal and services to the crown you wear1 may challenge any esteem72 but my very nature abhors anything that may seem self-interest1 though indeed whatever ,i have or do ambition1 be it of favour or benefit from your ,majesty's most gracious self1 it hath been1 really is1 and shall be ever1 but to make me able the more eminently to serve your matchless ,majesty1 whose advantage is my greatest comfort2 and1 in earnest1 my very heart's objectum adquatum4 ,think of me whatever others please to suggest1 yet such shall your ,majesty ever find me1 and unless your ,majesty command me to speak1 ,i shall still say nothing1 but seeing a coldness in your ,majesty1 ,i shall continue dumb and speechless3--,leves loquunter cur ingentes stujescunt4 ,yet1 animated by your ,majesty's cheerful commands1 ,i shall ingenuously lay before you the truth and nothing but the truth1 and 7though to mine own confusion7 ,i will as candidly shrive me to your benign self1 as to a ghostly father1 and ,i will make your most excellent ,majesty my sole judge1 as well spiritual as temporal1 that is to look into my inward man1 as well as my outward actions and deportment40 ,in ,november we have another petition in respect to a large claim on his estate1 and a report thereon1 as follows3--,b 8,to the ,king's most excellent ,majesty1 the humble petition of ,edward ,marquis of ,worcester4 8,,sheweth1 8,that whereas your ,petitioner and his late father did heretofore lend to serve his then late ,majesty's urgent necessities the sum of two hundred thousand pounds and upwards1 7ninety-five thousand pounds whereof appears under his late ,majesty's hand and seal1 and the rest the ,petitioner1 if permitted1 will make appear71 besides other great sums the ,petitioner employed in other his ,majesty's service1 by which means your ,petitioner's estate was encumbered1 and continued encumbered with vast debts1 insomuch that to the ,petitioner and his family there is left but a small pittance for a mean livelihood2 the ,petitioner's estate being charged with the debts so contracted for his late ,majesty's service1 and your ,majesty's1 as aforesaid4 8,that the ,petitioner by bond from himself and others 7his sureties7 in #afdc1 amongst other engagements1 became bound in six thousand pounds to ,henry ,hall1 ,esq42 which bond was sued in his ,majesty's ,exchequer by ,john ,hall1 ,esq4 administrator of the said ,henry 7not only against your ,petitioner1 but also against his sureties1 the ,lady ,lingen1 and ,charles ,price1 ,esq4 whom the ,petitioner is bound to save harmless1 great sufferers for their loyalty in his ,majesty's service71 who thereupon hath obtained judgment against your ,petitioner for six thousand pounds1 and as particular receiver of some part of your ,majesty's revenue hath assigned the same as debtor unto your ,majesty1 whereupon an extent is in the sheriff's hands 7by the said ,mr4 ,hall's prosecution7 to extend your ,petitioner's estate for the use of your ,majesty1 whose prerogative intervening1 that extent 7as your ,petitioner is advised by counsel7 will take place 7although subsequent in time of all former encumbrances71 by which means not only the ,petitioner's other creditors will be defeated of their respective debts1 but the small remainder of your ,petitioner's 7once considerable7 now shattered estate will by your ,majesty 7to pay a debt to your ,majesty7 be swallowed up1 and your ,petitioner and his other creditors wholly deprived thereof4 8,the ,petitioner therefore most humbly prays1 that in regard your ,majesty's name is made use of against your ,petitioner1 and since that this debt 7being subsequent in time to other encumbrances7 could not affect your ,petitioner's estate1 but by your ,majesty's prerogative1 your ,majesty will be graciously pleased to supersede the said ,mr4 ,hull's prosecution1 and order him some other satisfaction2 the ,petitioner being absolutely disabled by those vast sums in his late ,majesty's service expended as aforesaid4 8,and your ,petitioner shall ever pray40 8,at the ,court of ,oxford1 ,nov4 #bdth1 #affe4 8,his ,majesty is graciously pleased to refer the consideration of this petition to ,mr4 ,attorney1 or ,mr4 ,solicitor-,general1 to consider how far his ,majesty may fitly gratify the honourable ,petitioner1 of whose condition he hath a just sense1 but sees not what he can do in this particular for his satisfaction1 till he receive ,mr4 ,attorney's or ,mr4 ,solicitor's opinion upon it4 8,,arlington40 ,agreeable to the preceding reference the following report was made3-- 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,majesty1 8,the ,petitioner hath been pleased to show me the sign-manual of your royal father1 acknowledging #ie1jjj to be due to him1 for so much advanced by his father and himself in his late ,majesty's service4 8,the ,petitioner doth further allege that the six thousand pounds #fjjj owing by him to ,mr4 ,hall1 and for which ,mr4 ,hall hath obtained a judgment against the ,petitioner1 is part of that very #ie1jjj advanced in the service of your royal father4 8,i find likewise that ,mr4 ,hall hath assigned this judgment to your ,majesty1 and all the time of that assignment was indebted to your ,majesty five or six hundred pounds4 8,but ,i am humbly of opinion1 that though your ,majesty may by your prerogative release this judgment thus assigned1 yet it will not be fit for your ,majesty to do it as this case is1 because then your ,majesty will stand obliged to make good to ,mr4 ,hall so much money as would remain due to him after your ,majesty's debt is 8 satisfied1 which is in effect to put your ,majesty in the ,petitioner's place for payment of ,mr4 ,hall's debt4 8,nevertheless the ,petitioner's case being very worthy of relief1 ,i do humbly consider it fit for your ,majesty to reserve the consideration of his satisfaction to some better occasion4 8,,heneage ,,finch40 ,among family documents at ,badminton ,house is the following draft1 which may relate to the foregoing petition3-- 8,the ,case of ,edward ,marquis of ,worcester1 c4 8,edward1 ,marquis of ,worcester is indebted #fjjj unto ,john ,hall1 ,esq4 the ,receiver for the ,counties of ,gloucester1 ,monmouth1 and ,hereford1 c4 8,john ,hall assigns this judgment to the ,king1 whose prerogative interfering1 ,john ,hall's debt of #fjjj will affect the ,earl of ,worcester's estate1 and obstruct the other creditors from their respective satisfactions1 by the former settlement of my ,lord of ,worcester's4 8,the ,lord of ,worcester petitions the ,king in regard he had expended1 and lent towards his late ,majesty's service the sum of #ib1ejj1 for which and his other very many and considerable losses1 to the utter impoverishment of himself and family1 he never yet received any compensation or satisfaction4 ,his ,majesty would be pleased to take the state of the ,petitioner into his gracious consideration1 c4 8,his ,majesty is graciously pleased to refer this petition unto ,mr4 ,attorney or ,mr4 ,solicitor4 ,mr4 ,solicitor reports to his ,majesty matter of fact in the petition mentioned to be true1 and further adviseth it is not safe for his ,majesty either to supersede or discharge the said judgment1 but that likewise the ,earl doth justly merit his ,majesty's just and favourable consideration1 c4 8,whereupon the ,earl of ,worcester prayeth1 that in regard what he petitioned for1 was for the satisfaction merely of creditors1 and not to his mediate or immediate advantage1 and his fortune totally disposed of to his ,majesty's service1 other than what is settled as aforesaid to the payment of his many creditors1 which in honour 7his only livelihood now left him71 he is bound to see satisfied1 the which as the present case standeth with my ,lord cannot be1 without his ,majesty extendeth his favour1 either by payment of the money1 or some other means equivalently satisfactory1 c4 8,his ,majesty will be graciously pleased to confer the honour of ,baron on ,j4 ,b4 being fitly qualified1 and whose estate suits in proportion with the charge that dignity requireth1 by which means his ,majesty will not be out of purse and the ,petitioner indemnified40 ,on ,christmas day the ,marquis wrote a long epistle 7but to whom is unknown7 requesting the favour of a letter by means of which he could obtain the services of ,lord ,arlington and ,lady ,castlemaine1 probably to obtain some protective influence over his property1 then much jeopardized3--,c 8,,honoured ,,sir1 8,you have by ,god's infinite providence not only befriended my wife and me in ,cromwell's time1 but likewise by his great mercy and goodness1 ,i think1 reserved to do the like in his now ,majesty's reign2 in whose happy memory he was pleased to say1 even to his ,queen1 now dowager1 that next to his own children and her1 he was obliged to take care and recompense me2 so can you not do now a greater act of charity1 nor loyalty1 than to set your concurring hand to procure from her ,grace1 and her unparalleled deserving husband1 the favour of setting their hands each to a letter ,i shall be bold to present to your perusal first1 and then your favour to their ,graces2 which done1 my ,lord ,arlington and my ,lady ,castlemaine undertake to perfect my most humble request to his ,majesty2 so that they shall incur no risk of denial1 and yet by the same obliging hand of yours which promotes my most humble suit1 ,i shall present a thousand pieces to the ,duchess1 to buy her a little jewel to what she deserves to wear every day of the week4 ,and if it please ,god ,i live but two years1 ,i will1 out of the profits of my ,water-commanding ,engine1 appropriate five hundred pounds yearly1 for ever1 to her ,grace's1 and two hundred pounds yearly1 likewise1 to your disposal2 and in present forty pieces to buy you a ,nogge2 all which1 as ,i am a gentleman and a christian1 shall be faithfully and most thankfully performed1 though the benefit ,i pretend to by my petition1 will not amount to what my gratitude obliges2 yet the satisfaction which it will be to my mind1 and my credit therein at stake1 ,i value at ten times as much4 ,and this will enable me to place my ,water-commanding ,engine1 where ,i am a certained assured8 an hundred pounds a day profit1 without further troubling the ,king or any body4 ,and that done the greatest of my ambition will be to show my gratitude and pay my debts2 confessing not to owe to any person living more real acknowledgment of thankfulness than to her ,grace1 who hath been pleased1 in my absence and my wife's1 to be a champion for us1 which draws upon herself in part this trouble1 with more than confidence to receive from her more than gracious hands and princess-like disposition this further favour1 which my wife and ,i shall never forget1 and thankfully to acknowledge to her ,grace1 and your most worthy self1 whose further trouble it is time to prevent in subscribing myself as you shall ever find me1 8,sir1 your most real affectionate friend1 8and humble servant1 8,,worcester4 8,christmas ,day1 #beth of ,dec4 #affe4 8,because the profit accruing from my ,water-commanding ,engine may seem uncertain1 ,i humbly offer in lieu thereof and in token of my gratitude1 a judgment of ten thousand pounds for the payment of one thousand pounds a year for four years1 at the disposal of her ,grace1 and two hundred pounds per annum at yours2 so their ,graces be pleased cheerfully to sign the letter1 and positively to own them and me to be their perpetual servant1 not doubting then to find ways more efficaciously to testify my reality and devotion to them if accepted of1 and thus obliged to them and you4 8,,worcester40 ,whether the following is the draft of a letter1 proposed in the preceding communication1 is uncertain2 it is however in a contemporary handwriting1 and1 therefore1 may be the very letter he offered to submit for approval4,d ,it runs thus3-- 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,majesty1 8,upon my ,lord of ,worcester's speaking to my husband for his letter to your ,majesty1 and laying open his sad condition1 there comes into my mind a petition from his ,lady to the ,speaker ready to adjourn the ,house in ,cromwell's time1 without relief to her1 but upon her petition1 as here enclosed1 ,worcester ,house was granted her4 ,god forbid a greater hardness should possess your ,majesty's heart1 our most gracious ,king1 than did those regicides to one they took for their enemy2 and ,i do1 therefore1 with more than confidence in remembrance of my ,lady's former pressures and miseries make myself a party with my ,lord ,marquis1 in his most humble suit to your ,majesty1 in my ,lord ,powis his behalf1 that he may not be frustrated of what the last ,king entitled him1 of being created ,earl1 because it came through my ,lord ,marquis his hands1 but further likewise to bestow a ,baron's patent upon a friend of my ,lord ,marquis1 for both which ,i become a suitor with his ,lordship1 and beg pardon if ,i become more importunate to your ,majesty in this case1 than for myself in anything1 who do already acknowledge most thankfully many great favours done to me1 8,your ,majesty's most humble servant40 ,the following letter it would appear was addressed to the ,duke of ,albemarle3-- 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,grace1 8,the objections you were pleased to make against the owning and subscribing the letter to his ,majesty were as ,i humbly conceive your ,grace's resolution not to trouble the ,king for money business even in your own behalf1 much less in another's2 and secondly that as for ,creations you had absolutely promised his ,majesty you would not importune him again4 ,to the first ,i answer that this is to save the ,king's coffers1 since certainly if either honour or conscience should take place his ,majesty ought to save me harmless from the six thousand pound confessed and proved to be the ,crown's debt2 so happily now upon his head by your ,grace's no less prudent and valorous1 than dutiful endeavours1 blest by ,divine ,providence1 never intending the ruin of his best deserving subjects1 and the only promoting of his rebels1 which the child unborn may rue if not timely prevented2 and as a wise ,privy-,councillor your ,grace's part is to mind his ,majesty so of1 as not totally to dishearten1 ,i will not say disgust his good subjects well deserving1 yet that as far as loyalty and religion will give them leave2 and ,i am sorry his ,majesty should bid adieu to works of supererogation and love in his subjects1 and most certainly they are not his best counsellors who advise him to it2 and your ,grace will be most commendable in doing the contrary1 and at long running the ,king will love you best for it1 so that this objection of your ,grace ,i humbly conceive to be totally solved4 8,as for the second1 your ,grace's promise not to speak for any more ,creations1 be pleased to understand it rightly1 and you are no motioner of this2 you do but lay before him my reasonable petition therein1 such as my ,lord ,chancellor was pleased to think so fitting as he once undertook it for me1 and ,i am confident will thank your ,grace for reviving of it1 and in my conscience so will the ,king too in granting of it2 for ,i cannot have so mean a thought of his ,majesty but that against the hair he hath been forced to bestow honour to the highest degree upon five member men1 and 99 99 99 upon earth1 as subscribed to his father of happy memory his death1 and that he will think much to countenance him who only assisted his late ,majesty to fly from their compulsion of him1 to agree to such acts as would have left himself our now gracious ,king the successor of a title of a ,king of three kingdoms1 but to the substance of no one of them4 ,it was ,i furnished his ,majesty with money to go 7to7 ,theobalds to go to ,york1 when the then ,marquis of ,hambleton refused to pay three hundred pounds for his ,majesty at ,theobalds only to deliver him to the ,parliament1 as he had done the ,earl of ,strafford1 and to 99 99 99 the 99 99 99 ,parliament4 ,it was ,i carried him money to set up his standard at ,york1 and procured my father to give the then ,sir ,john ,byron five thousand pounds to raise the first regiment of horse1 and kept a table for above twenty officers at ,york1 which ,i underhand sent thither to keep them from taking conditions from the ,parliament1 and so were ready to accept his4 ,it was ,i victualled the ,tower of ,london1 and gave five and twenty hundred pounds to the then ,lieutenant1 ,sir ,john ,byron1 my cousin-german by my first wife's side4 ,it was ,i raised most of the men at ,edge-hill fight1 and after ,i was betrayed at 99 99 99 99 99 when so many gentlemen of quality were taken1 and of twenty-five thousand men first and last by me raised1 eight thousand men dispersed by the contrivance of such as called themselves the ,king's good subjects1 and some of them rewarded for it2 they were my men weekly paid1 without taking a farthing contribution1 because the country tottered2 who took 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 in the forest of ,dean1 ,goodridge ,castle1 ,monmouth1 ,chepstow1 ,carlyon1 and ,cardiff from the ,parliamentary forces2 in which1 and the garrison of ,raglan1 ,i can bring proof of above an hundred and fifty thousand pounds expended2 and in ready money first and last to the ,king's own purse above as much more2 and of above thirty-five thousand pounds received by my father and me comunely armes1 in forty1 forty-two1 and forty-three1 ,i have not now five and twenty hundred1 and that clogged with twenty thousand pounds crying debts1 that keep me not only from a competent maintenance1 but even from sleep4 ,i speak not here of above three hundred thousand pounds which it hath cost the noblemen1 knights1 and gentlemen1 which rode in my ,life-,guard 99 99 for 99 99 99 their comporting1 they making amongst them above threescore thousand pounds yearly1 of land of inheritance2 and ,i1 upon my interest with seven counties1 had begun an engagement of above three hundred thousand pounds yearly land of inheritance against my return with men from beyond the sea2 in which endeavours my charges have been vast1 besides hazard by sea even of shipwreck1 and by land of deadly encounters1 ,i do not trouble your ,lordship with1 but all this being true to a tittle1 as upon my word and honour1 dearer to me than my life1 ,i avouch it2 ,i cannot doubt but your ,grace will call for a pen to sign the letter1 and if you please send this together with it1 and rest assured that if the ,king refuse my request1 ,i will never importune you more1 nor ever set my foot into his ,majesty's ,court again1 unless expressly commanded by him for his service2 otherwise ,i will only heartily pray for him1 but never hereafter shall ,i or any friend of mine engage for him further1 than the simple duty of a loyal subject sitting quietly at home1 no ways break the peace1 or disobeying the wholesome laws of the land1 and ,god send him better and more able subjects to serve his ,majesty than myself2 willinger ,i am sure he cannot1 and ,i beseech your ,grace to pardon me if passion hath a little transported me beyond good manners1 and lay what penance you please upon me1 so ,i tend not to lessen your ,grace's belief that ,i am 8,your ,grace's most really devoted friend 8and servant ever to obey you1 8,,worcester4 8,dec4 #bi1 #affe40 8,my dear ,lord1 my heart is yet full fraughted1 and ,i can say much more for myself1 were ,i not ashamed of giving your ,grace so great a trouble with my scribbling1 which ,i will thus end1 promising to smother as long as may be1 my deplorable condition1 and worse usage1 but it will at last fly over the whole world to the disheartening of all zealous and loyal subjects2 unless such a true-hearted ,englishman and faithful servant as your ,grace do awaken his ,majesty out of the lethargy my enemies have cast him into1 not to be sensible of what ,i have done or suffered4 ,cardinal ,mazarine presented me to his ,king with these words1 #8,sire1 whosoever hath loyalty or religion in recommendation1 must honour this well-born person2' and the ,queen-mother1 now ,dowager1 hath often said to have heard her husband say1 that next to her and his children1 he was bound to take a care of me1 of whom it may be now verified1 qui jacet in terra non habet unde cadet1 ,i am cast to the ground1 ,i can fall no lower40 ,this month the ,marquis appears to have obtained the loan of #bjj1 for which a draft receipt,e is extant1 as follows3-- 8,i1 ,edward ,somerset1 ,earl and ,marquis of ,worcester1 do confess and acknowledge to have received and borrowed of 99999999 the full sum of two hundred pounds sterling1 for the assurance thereof ,i do constitute him the said 999999 to be receiver of two hundred pounds1 payable from the ,right ,honourable the ,lord ,high ,chancellor of ,england1 the ,earl of ,clarendon1 at ,michaelmas next1 which shall be in the year of our ,lord #afff1 and therewith to repay himself the said two hundred pounds4 ,witness my hand and seal1 this #cjth day of ,dec4 #affe4 8,,worcester4 8,signed1 sealed and delivered 8in presence40 ,from #affb to #affe1 the ,marquis of ,worcester appears to have been pretty regular in his attendance at the ,house of ,peers4 ,but the last we hear of him was on the #cast of ,october1 #affe4 ,when the ,house met on the #ast of ,october1 #afff1 the ,marquis was absent1 being 8excused10 possibly from the state of his health1 as he was never present afterwards4,f ,about the same time we have his ,petition for the appointment of a ,committee of ,inquiry3--,g 8,to the ,king's ,most ,excellent ,majesty4--,the most humble ,petition of ,edward1 ,marquis of ,worcester3-- 8,,sheweth1 8,that your ,petitioner overwhelmed with the very1 very much he hath to say1 and fearful too long to detain your sacred ,majesty therewith from more serious affairs1 humbly prayeth that you will be pleased to refer him to be heard by the ,lord ,high ,chancellor of ,england1 the ,lord ,privy ,seal1 the ,duke of ,albemarle1 the ,earl of ,lotherdale1 the ,lord ,arlington1 the ,lord ,ashley and ,mr4 ,secretary ,morrice1 or to such of them or other persons as your ,majesty shall think fit1 and that upon their report your ,majesty will vouchsafe to do with your ,petitioner1 or to your ,petitioner1 what they in the ,petitioner's behalf1 and congruous to your service shall find reasonable1 and consonant with your ,petitioner's merits or demerits2 the ,petitioner most entirely submitting to your will and pleasure3 ,casting himself upon your ,majesty's goodness1 no ways standing upon his deserts1 though really found never so many not thought of1 or hitherto kept from your ,majesty's knowledge1 your ,petitioner doth not say through envy or malice1 since perhaps through ignorance1 such ignorance1 notwithstanding1 as the ,divines call ignorantia crassa4 ,but whatsoever in quality or number his services were1 they were but due to such a gracious ,king and ,master as your ,majesty's father1 of happy memory1 was to your ,petitioner1 and to your incomparable self2 and1 therefore1 acknowledgeth they fall far short of his true loyalty and devotion to either2 and being once rightly made known and presented to your sacred ,majesty1 your ,petitioner promiseth himself no less encouragement for the future from your ,majesty1 nor less abilities in himself to become as useful as formerly2 and as disinterestedly to serve you4 ,neither shall anything for the future dismay1 or in any kind deter your ,petitioner from that his resolution1 but from the bottom of his heart 8,he shall ever pray1 c4 ,illustration3 ,worcester autograph1 #affe-f1 of the ,author of the 8,century0 8,at the ,court1 at ,hampton ,court1 ,jan4 #bith1 #affe_/f4 8,his ,majesty is graciously pleased to refer and recommend the ,petitioner to be heard by the within named ,lords1 referees1 or to any four or more of them1 and they to give their report to his ,majesty as soon as conveniently may be4 8,,arlington40 ,the next letter is without date or address1 but appears both to belong to the present period and to relate to the same business as the foregoing2 he says3--,h 8,,my ,,noble ,,lord1 8,i must and ever will most thankfully and humbly acknowledge your ,lordship's civil and obliging language and carriage towards me1 your humble servant4 ,but pardon me if ,i cannot conceive how my ,lord ,arlington1 ,principal ,secretary of ,state1 and as well of the ,bourne 8 as ,cabinet ,council1 and that most deservedly1 can1 notwithstanding1 miss of an opportunity to acquaint and receive his ,majesty's answer to the meanest of his ,majesty's subjects2 praying but a reference to the chiefest of his ,privy ,councillors1 and by them only to be heard for the ,king's service1 as well as his own concerns4 ,his ,majesty little thinks what he hath1 or doth daily lose for not suffering himself to be disabused of a premeditated opinion concerning me2 nor doth your ,lordship imagine what services ,i do intend to your ,lordship's most worthy self1 and that the ,king will have cause to thank you for any service you may please to afford me whose aim 7,i take ,god to witness7 is in chief more really to the ,king's advantage and service than mine own interest1 who could not want forty or fifty thousand pounds yearly beyond seas1 and do as good as want bread at home1 where ,i was born to five and thirty thousand pounds1 land of inheritance1 and two hundred thousand pounds in cash left me by my grandfather1 which1 for so good a cause as ,i have lost it for1 ,i joyfully renounce4 8,monsieur ,la ,sual told me that ,germany1 ,france1 ,spain1 and ,italy censured ,england very much for so ill requiting my services and sufferings1 and being so little sensible of my yet abilities to serve it2 and yet those ,kings and ,princes know not the quarter1 and mine own ,king the least of all1 or the least sensible and persuaded1 as well not to understand what ,i can yet perform1 as not to reflect upon what is past4 8,my dear ,lord1 look once more upon both my petitions2 and if the ,king thinks me not worthy of common justice to be heard1 or you deem them fit1 and me1 to be laid aside1 ,i will gladly acquiesce1 and ,i will not further trouble the ,king1 nor importune your ,lordship1 but1 fair and far off1 ever quietly without more importunity remain1 8,my ,lord1 your ,lordship's 8most faithful and most humble servant1 8,,worcester40 ,in the ,april of this year1 the plague had commenced its appalling ravages in the metropolis1 the stagnant air of which was partially purified by means of large bonfires1 to promote circulation1 the air having1 it was supposed1 become noxious through unusually prevalent calm sultry weather4 ,the unhealthy state of the town may have had its influence on the ,marquis1 contributing to weaken a constitution already sufficiently harassed2 yet so far from relief of any kind coming to solace him in his afflictions1 we next find him compelled to petition for protection of his public works1 which 7as noted three years before1 in his ,century71 were again being similarly nearly taken from him1 8without 7as he observes7 the least regard of above ten thousand pounds expended by me1 and through my zeal to the common good40 ,his application is endorsed--8#aj ,jan4 #afff4 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,petition for a ,fee and ,farm of ,works ,house at ,foxe ,hall30,i--and is as follows3-- 8,to the ,king's ,most ,excellent ,majesty4 ,the humble ,petition of ,edward1 ,lord ,marquis of ,worcester4 8,,humbly ,,sheweth1 8,that the ,petitioner 7over and above great sums of money lent by him to his late ,majesty of blessed memory7 did expend in building of a house called ,fauxhall1 for an operatory for engineers and artists to work public works in1 #ijjj and upwards1 as appears by the bills of the workmen that built the house4 8,that the ,petitioner hath expended above #ej1jjj trying experiments and conclusions of arts1 in that operatory1 which may be useful to his ,majesty and his kingdoms4 8,that there being a grant made by your ,majesty1 under the ,great ,seal of ,england to the ,lord ,moore1 of the manor of ,kennington1 7within which manor the said ,fauxhall is situated and being7 the ,petitioner applied himself to your ,majesty1 and acquainted your ,majesty with the ,petitioner's equitable right to the said ,fauxhall1 that thereupon your ,majesty was graciously pleased to recall the said ,patent1 and to cause an exception to be made therein as to ,fauxhall1 which was done1 whereby your ,majesty might gratify the ,petitioner therewith1 but the ,petitioner hath not hitherto desired the same4 8,the ,petitioner humbly prayeth that your ,majesty will be graciously pleased1 in consideration that the ,petitioner hath built the said house1 at so great a charge1 to serve your ,majesty1 8,that you will be pleased to grant it to the ,petitioner at some fee farm rent1 as your ,majesty shall think fit4 8,and the ,petitioner shall pray40 ,this document divulges at least one important secret in regard to the ,marquis of ,worcester's personal history1 in connection with his practical mechanical pursuits4 ,we now find that he actually built suitable premises as workshops at ,vauxhall1,j for 8engineers and artists to work public works in40 ,that in that 8operatory10 or laboratory1 he had 8expended above #ej1jjj1 trying experiments and conclusions of arts40 ,and that on the building alone he had laid out above #ijjj4 ,it is1 however1 only by bearing in mind the enormous amount that these sums of money represent1 considered in reference to the value they bore two hundred years ago1 that we become fully alive to the princely expenditure of this great scientific experimentalist1 whose patronage and encouragement of experimental philosophy1 for practical designs1 is without a parallel in any other age or country4 ,the very next month his ,lady was necessitated to petition in the following terms1 in regard to ,worcester ,house4,k 8,to the right ,honourable the ,lords ,spiritual and ,temporal1 now assembled in ,parliament4 8,the humble ,petition of ,margaret1 ,marchioness of ,worcester1 wife of ,edward1 now ,marquis of ,worcester4 8,,humbly ,,sheweth1 8,that the said ,marquis for his services to his ,majesty did expend many vast sums of money1 and thereby contracted great debts2 that although the said ,marquis1 since his ,majesty's happy restoration1 hath paid above fifty thousand pounds of those debts so contracted1 as aforesaid1 yet there remains so many great debts1 that the said ,marquis his estate is all seized on by his creditors upon judgments1 statutes1 and recognizances1 insomuch that the said ,marquis is deprived of his whole estate2 and nothing left for his and your ,petitioner's support and maintenance4 8,that in particular the said ,marquis his estate was extended by one ,mr4 ,john ,hall,l in ,march last1 upon a judgment of six thousand pounds for money borrowed by the ,petitioner's husband in #afdb1 to pay the garrison of ,monmouth1 then in a mutiny4 8,that the said extent is assigned now to the ,lord ,john ,somerset1 who now threatens 7having got most part of the estate7 to turn the ,petitioner out of ,worcester ,house1 so that she will be destitute of an habitation and maintenance4 8,the ,petitioner humbly prayeth your ,lordships' consideration of the ,petitioner's most necessitous condition1 and to find out a way for her relief1 and also your ,lordships' recommendation of her case to the ,right ,honourable the ,lords and ,commons of ,england4 8,and your ,petitioner shall pray4 8,,worcester40 8,die ,jovis1 #g die ,febr4 #afff4 8,upon reading the humble ,petition of the ,lady ,marchioness of ,worcester1 it is ordered by the ,lords ,spiritual and ,temporal in ,parliament assembled1 that the ,duke of ,albemarle1 the ,lord ,chamberlain of his ,majesty's ,household1 the ,earl of ,anglesey1 the ,lord ,arundell of ,warder1 and the ,lord ,howard of ,charlton1 be appointed a ,committee to wait on his ,majesty and represent unto him the sad condition of the said ,marquis and his ,lady4 8,,jo4 ,,brown1 8,cleric4 ,parliament40 ,from the ,marchioness' petition we obtain a further acquaintance with the deplorable situation in which the ,marquis was placed1 even seven years after the ,restoration1 when he had recovered his estates1 and possessed whatever he may have received as gifts from the ,crown2 and by the way of loans from friends1 from secured money-lenders1 and for assigned portions of interest in the profits to arise from working his 8,water-commanding ,engine40 ,in a report made to the ,duchy of ,cornwall,m 7although two years later7 full particulars are furnished of the nature and extent of the property in which the ,marquis was interested1 as stated in his preceding petition4 ,the ,surveyors ,general say3--8,foxhall house is parcel of the manor of ,kennington and ,duchy of ,cornwall1 and the use thereof was lately allowed by his ,majesty unto ,mr4 ,jaspar ,calthoff1 who was employed in the making of guns and divers engines and works for his ,majesty's service1 since whose death part thereof hath been granted by his ,majesty to ,peter ,jacobson 7the said ,jaspar ,calthoff's son-in-law7 for his life1 and the residue is enjoyed by this ,petitioner 7widow of the said ,jaspar7 in favour of her said late husband's services for his ,majesty2 containing in the whole within the brick walls1 two acres and #bh perches of ground1 divided into divers parcels1 whereof the furthest part ,s4 contains about #bad feet in length from ,e4 to ,w4 and about #ff feet in breadth at the ,w4 end1 nearest the ,thames1 and about #aji feet in breadth at the end next the highway1 leading from ,lambeth ,church towards ,kingston2 and hath a dwelling house thereon erected at the ,s4,e4 corner thereof1 containing about #dj feet in length1 and #bd feet in breadth1 and several sheds both at the ,e4 and ,w4 ends of the said piece1 all which are affirmed to be let together to one ,john ,collins1 at #af per annum4 8,and one other part of the said ground next adjoining ,n4 used for a great garden1 containeth in length1 on the ,e4 side thereof next the said highway1 about #bch feet1 and on the ,w4 side next the ,thames about #bac feet1 and in breadth at the ,s4 end about #aib feet4 8,and other part of the said ground still more ,n4 used for a yard or garden1 containeth in length from the last mentioned great garden to the mansion house of ,foxhall1 about #add feet1 and in breadth from a range of pales1 dividing this and the said ,jacobson's part1 to the said highway about #ih feet4--,on the ,e4 side whereof 7next the said way7 is erected a long range of building1 used for a working house1 containing in length about #acb feet1 and in breadth 7from out to out7 about #bj feet1 two stories high1 besides garrets4 8,at the ,n4 end of which working house there is a cross building erected1 of the same height1 part used for a forging house1 and the rest for dwelling2 extending from the said highway ,w4 about #df feet in breadth from out to out4 8,still more ,w4 is the chief mansion house1 extending ,w4 from the last mentioned building about #df feet more in length1 and about #bd feet in breadth1 three stories high1 besides garrets and cellars1 with a stair-case built out cross on the ,n4 side thereof about #ah feet square40 ,the remaining portion of the report concerns property on the north side let to another tenant2 to stables1 and to outhouses2 concluding with an opinion that the whole1 when repaired1 would render a lease for #ca years worth #ajj per annum4 ,we thus ascertain that the 8,working house10 as it is here called 7the 8,operatory0 named in the petition71 where ,caspar ,kaltoff and his engineers worked1 and in or near which the first great public exhibition of the 8,water-commanding ,engine0 was consummated1 occupied a considerable space of crown property4 ,it was no exposition of questionable utility that was there offered to public view4 ,and that it was public is every way certain1 and1 indeed1 there could be no reasonable occasion for its being otherwise1 after being fully protected for ninety-nine years by ,act of ,parliament4 ,besides1 in no other way would it have been possible to obtain a sufficient proprietary1 such as was evidently sought by the publication made by the ,act itself1 and apparently also by the distribution of large posting bills2 of which latter a curious specimen still exists in the archives of the ,british ,museum4,n ,it was the ,marquis of ,worcester's misfortune1 being involved in heavy debt1 to be necessitated to seek pecuniary benefit from his great invention4 ,what means were particularly adopted1 beyond setting up a practical illustration at ,vauxhall1 it is impossible to ascertain1 but he would most likely engage the services of one or more active business agents4 ,that a public company was intended to be carried out by means of several shareholders1 is also highly probable1 judging from remarks occasionally made by himself1 and from the dispersion of placards and similar written statements1 headed a 8,definition0 of the ,engine4 ,now it is assuredly a matter of surprise that an invention so singular and novel in character1 promising unheard of advantages1 should not have attracted the general attention of all patrons and promoters of science4 ,the only instance of a passing remark from a scientific source is anything but gratifying4 ,dr4 ,hook1 writing to the ,honourable ,robert ,boyle about the early part of #affg1ad reports certain experiments with glass tubes then being carried on at ,gresham ,college1 after which he says3--8,sir ,r4 ,moray presented the ,society with an engine sent them by ,prince ,rupert2 being for raising water1 such a one as1 ,i am sure1 you have seen and taken notice of in ,scottus his mechanics1 whose contrivance is1 continually to raise water1 by turning round a cylinder with a sliding board in it1 included in another hollow cylinder1 or barrel4 ,the ,engine has not been tried1 but it will be the next ,wednesday4 ,but ,i find that it goes exceedingly hard with the several grating and sliding motions that it has1 so that it is more likely to prove a pretty curiosity than a useful engine4 ,but this gave an occasion for producing the definition or description of the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,water-commanding ,engine1 which is so purely romantic that it would serve one rarely to fill half a dozen pages in the ,history of ,fortunatus his ,wishing ,cup4 ,a transcript of some of the most observable passages1 because ,i could not procure the book itself to send you1 ,i have here enclosed1 which if it should chance to perform but the least part of what is therein specified1 my ,lord ,brereton is likely to pay #e towards the revenue1 that is to accrue thereby to the ,marquis1 he having wagered so much against him4 ,i was since my return to ,london to see this engine1 where ,i found ,caltrop his chief engineer1 to laugh at it2 and as far as ,i was able to see it1 it seemed one of the perpetual motion fallacies4 ,of which kind ,caltrop himself1 and two or three others1 that ,i know1 are labouring at this time in vain1 to make1 but after several ways2 and nothing but costly experience will make them desist40 ,the prejudices created against monopolists in the reign of ,queen ,elizabeth1 were not without foundation1 in consequence of the absurd rights conceded to patentees of imaginary inventions2 amounting to the legalizing of extortion of the most unquestionable and aggravating kind1 without any chance of remedy4 ,real inventions were few1 and impositions were everywhere practised with bold effrontery4 ,there was nothing in the public character of the ,marquis of ,worcester to bespeak public favour4 ,who could ever dream that the ,earl of ,glamorgan was suddenly to assume a new character8 ,the few inventions that were regarded as wonders of art were of ancient origin1 slowly perfected1 and in #affc were considered to have reached almost the acm of perfection4 ,yet here was a nobleman1 unheard of1 except for his share in ,charles the ,first's design to punish his rebellious subjects with the aid of an ,irish army1 suddenly proposing to supersede all ancient approved and improved methods of elevating water2 and to perform many other surprising mechanical feats4 ,and not only was he an inventor1 but an innovator on old custom and a monopolist1 not by patent alone1 but by ,act of ,parliament for ninety-nine years6 ,even ,dr4 ,hook could not view the ,marquis otherwise than by the common standard of public opinion1 acknowledging that he only went to see the wondrous engine at ,vauxhall 8to laugh at it60 ,and he could even condescend to report of his fellow inventor's labour1 that1--8as far as ,i could see it1 it seemed one of the perpetual motion fallacies40 ,so that its very regularity and remarkable continuity of operation were alone1 considered enough to condemn it6 ,dr4 ,robert ,hook was deservedly esteemed as a mathematician1 and he was also distinguished for his mechanical ingenuity2 but he was a man of very peculiar habits and singular disposition1 being excessively jealous and cynical4 ,this splenetic philosopher appears to have set out for ,lambeth in no disposition to form a dispassionate opinion on the work of a rival inventor4 ,a few lines of description1 however meagre1 would have been invaluable1 whereas his cynical remark leads to the unfavourable supposition that his disingenuous statements had their influence on ,boyle and other ,fellows of the ,royal ,society1 to check any further inquiry respecting the supposed mechanical marvel4 ,the ,marquis might well allude in his ,century to 8the melancholy which had lately seized upon him20 his sole desire being to pay his debts and possess 8a competency to live according to his birth and quality20 yet every way frustrated1 month by month1 year by year1 even after his last ray of hope was realized in the return of the exiled sovereign4 ,he makes slight allusion to enemies1 and none to public neglect4 ,the enemies must have existed1 ,papist as he was1 when so late as ,november #afff1 the ,king had published a declaration to banish all priests and jesuits1 on pain of punishment if found in the kingdom after the middle of the next month2 the public neglect1 from his aristocratic sympathies1 he might not choose to recognise4 ,it is certain he had been abundantly persecuted for his political acts1 and was being neglected with a degree of callousness for which it is difficult at this remote period1 and in the absence of needful intelligence1 to account1 so as fairly to reconcile the many incongruities and inconsistencies in the statement of his devotion to ,charles the ,first1 the coolness of ,charles the ,second1 the ,marquis's own firm clinging to a ,court which used him so basely1 and the utter oblivion into which his efforts fell among all classes of men esteemed patrons of art1 literature and science4 ,amidst plague1 and intestine troubles1 and surrounded with domestic calamities of the most poignant character1 this great and good man1 this glorious genius deceased on ,wednesday1 the #crd of ,april1 #affg4 ,where he died is nowhere recorded1 and no incident of his latter days affords the slightest information4 ,it is not unreasonable to suppose that he had resided at ,lambeth1 if not indeed at the mansion then called ,faux-hall4 ,he was conveyed with funeral solemnity from ,london to his barony of ,raglan1 in the county of ,monmouth1 where he was buried in the family vault within the ,parish ,church1 on ,friday the #agth of the same month1 near to the body of ,edward1 ,earl of ,worcester1 ,lord ,privy ,seal1 his grandfather1 the following inscription being engraved on a brass plate3-- 8,depositum ,illustrissimi ,principis ,edwardi ,marchionis ,comitis ,wigorni1 ,comitis de ,glamorgan1 ,baronis ,herbert de ,raglan1 ,chepstow1 ,gower1 nec non ,serenissimo nuper ,domino ,regi ,carolo primo1 ,southwalli ,locum-tenentis3 ,qui obiit apud ,lond4 tertio die ,aprilis1 ,an4 ,dom4 ,m4,,dc4,,lxvii40 ,illustration3 ,,st4 ,cadocus1 ,raglan ,church ,,st ,,cadocus3 ,,the ,,parish ,,church ,,of ,,raglan1 ,,monmouthshire4 ,illustration3 ,st4 ,cadocus1 east end and plan ,,east ,,end ,,view ,,and ,,plan ,,of ,,raglan ,,church4 ,in the above view of ,raglan ,church1 a corresponding plan is given1 showing1 by the letter ,a1 that portion of the chancel beneath which is situated the family vault of the ,beaufort family4 ,the flagged area has a font in the centre1 pews in one corner and at the sides1 with a window at one end1 and at the other a door opening to the church-yard4 ,although ,francis ,sandford1 ,pursuivant at ,arms1 in noticing heraldic particulars1 when alluding to his funeral1 adds1 8which myself had the honour to attend10 he makes no comment of a personal or interesting character1 beyond the customary genealogical details4 ,from ,sandford's remark one is led to suppose he attended as a personal friend4 ,he was a native of ,wicklow1 of humble origin and moderate education1 long resident in ,london4 ,he was therefore a person likely to be intimately acquainted with the ,dowager ,marchioness of ,worcester's ,irish connexions1 and to take a more than usual interest in the circumstances relating to the death and funeral obsequies of the ,marquis4,o ,on the #bdth of the same month the following funeral certificate was attested by his son ,henry1 ,marquis of ,worcester1 at the ,herald's ,college3-- ,illustration3 ,arms of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 and his two wives 8,the ,right ,honble ,edward ,somerset ,marquess and ,earle of ,worcester1 ,earle of ,glamorgan1 and ,baron ,herbert of ,raglan1 ,chepstow1 and ,gower departed this mortall life upon ,wedensday the third of ,aprill #affg1 and was conveyed with ffunerall ,solemnitie from ,london to his ,barony of ,raglan in the ,county of ,monmouth 7accompanied with many ,gentry of ye ,county's of ,gloucester and ,monmouth aforesaid7 and there interred in his ,lordships ,chappell in the ,parish ,church1 neare to the body of ,edward ,earle of ,worcester ,lord ,privie ,seale1 his ,grandfather 7in a vault arched with stone7 on fryday the #ai day of the same month4 ,his ,lordship married to his first wife ,elizabeth ,dormer daughter of ,sir ,william ,dormer ,knight that dyed in the lifetime of his father1 and sister unto ,robert ,earle of ,carnarvon by whom he had issue his only son ,henry ,lord ,herbert1 now ,marquess of ,worcester at the time of the takeinge of this ,certificate1 who1 marrying with ,mary daughter of that most loyall ,nobleman ,arthur1 ,lord ,capell1 beheaded by the rebells upon the #ith day of ,march #afdh 7,sister to ,arthur ,earle of ,essex1 c47 and ,widdow to ,henry ,seamour1 ,lord ,beauchampe that dyed in the lifetime of his father1 by whom she had issue ,william now ,duke of ,somerset aged #ae years and ,frances and ,mary1 dead1 and ,elizabeth ,seamour third daughter now liveing1 had by the said ,mary also issue ,henry ,somerset his eldest son dead1 and buried at ,windsor2 ,charles ,somerset second son and heire1 now ,lord ,herbert about #f years old2 ,edward ,somerset #c;d son1 dead also1 and was interred at ,raglan2 and ,henry ,somerset the yonger #d sonne who departed this world about two dayes before his ,grandfather and was buried at ,raglan2 ,elizabeth ,somerset elder daughter dyed young and was buried at ,raglan1 and ,lady ,mary ,somerset1 younger daughter is now liveing about a yeare and halfe old4 ,lady ,anne ,somerset elder daughter to the defunct was married to ,henry ,howard second sonne of ,henry ,earle of ,arundell1 and brother and heire to ,thomas ,duke of ,norfolke1 and by him hath issue ,henry ,howard1 ,thomas1 ,elizabeth and ,frances4 ,lady ,elizabeth ,somerset younger daughter to the defunct is the wife of ,william1 ,lord ,herbert of ,powis and by him hath issue ,william ,herbert his only son and five daughters4 8,the said ,edward ,lord ,marquess defunct married to his second wife the ,lady ,margaret ,o',bryan daughter and coheire of ,henry ,earle of ,thomond1 and by her had issue one only daughter named ,mary1 who dyed an ,infant1 and was buried at ,raglan4 ,this ,certificate was taken upon the #bdth day of ,aprill #affg by ,ffrancis ,sandford1 ,rouge ,dragon1 who1 served for ,sr ,edward ,walker ,kt4 ,garter ,principall ,king of ,armes1 and the truth thereof attested by the subscription of the ,right ,hoble ,henry ,marquesse of ,worcester 8,examd4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,d4 ,,worcester40 ,it is1 throughout1 very observable that the invention of the ,water-commanding ,engine was no imaginary scheme1 no merely ingenious idea1 but a realized fact1 of the nature and importance of which the late ,marquis had been fully sensible4 ,and it affords a striking proof of his high estimation and correct knowledge of the magnitude of his discovery1 that he should have bowed himself before his ,maker in humble adoration1 acknowledging in a simple yet solemnly sublime strain1 his sense of obligation to the supreme ,source of all intelligence1 for permitting him to become instrumental in the development of so great a mystery of nature4 ,the following is from the original manuscript at ,badminton3-- 8,the ,lord ,marquesse of ,worcester's ,ejaculatory and extemporary thanksgiueing prayer when first with his corporall eyes1 he did see finish'd a perfect tryall of his ,water-commanding ,engine delightfull and usefull to whomsoeuer hath in recomendation eyther knowledge1 profit1 or pleasure4 8,oh6 infinitly omnipotent ,god whose mercyes are fathomlesse1 and whose knowledge is immense and inexhaustible next to my ,creation and ,redemption ,i render thee most humble thanks even from the very bottome of my heart and bowells1 for thy voutchchafeing me 7the meanest in understanding71 an insight in soe great a secret of nature beneficial to all mankind as this my ,water-commanding ,engine4 ,suffer me not to be puff'd upp1 ,o ,lord1 by the knowing of it1 and many more rare and unheard off1 yea unparaleled ,inventions1 ,tryals1 and ,experiments1 but humble my haughty heart1 by the true knowledge of myne owne ignorant1 weak1 and unworthy nature1 proane to all euill ,o most mercifull ,father my creator1 most compassionatting ,sonne my ,redeemer1 and ,holyest of ,spiritts1 the sanctifier1 three diuine persons and one ,god6 grant me a further concurring grace with fortitude to take hould of thy goodnesse1 to the end that whatever ,i doe1 unanimously and courageously to serue my ,king and ,countrey1 to disabuse1 rectifie1 and convert my vndeserved yet wilfully incredulous,p enemyes1 to reimburse thankfully my creditors1 to reimmunerate my benefactors1 to reinhearten my distressed family1 and with complacence to gratifie my suffering and confiding friends may1 voyde of vanity or selfe ends1 only be directed to thy honour and glory euerlastingly4 ,amen40 ,with ,caspar ,kaltoff to superintend the work at ,vauxhall1 the engine would no doubt be kept in operation1 for the benefit alike of the ,dowager ,marchioness and all interested1 most likely including ,colonel ,c4 ,copley4 ,in the travels of ,cosmo de ,medici the ,third1 ,grand ,duke of ,tuscany1#cj through ,england1,q among other matters that attracted his attention in the metropolis1 it is recorded that on the #bcrd of ,may1 #affi3--8;,his ,highness went to see an hydraulic machine upon a wooden tower1 in the neighbourhood of ,somerset ,house1,r which is used for conveying water of the river to the greater part of the ,city4 ,it is put in motion by two horses1 which are continually going round1 it not being possible that it should receive its movement from the current of the river1 as in many other places where the rivers never vary in their course2 but this is not the case with the ,thames1 owing to the tide2 consequently the wheels1 which serve at the ebb1 would not be able to do their office when the tide returns40 ,on the #bith following1 his ,highness was entertained by the ,earl of ,devonshire1 when a sumptuous banquet was provided4 8,his ,highness1 that he might not lose the day uselessly1 went again after dinner to the other side of the city1 extending his excursion as far as ,vauxhall1 beyond the palace of the ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 to see an hydraulic machine1 invented by my ,lord ,somerset1 ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,it raises water more than forty geometrical feet by the power of one man only2 and in a very short space of time will draw up four vessels of water through a tube or channel not more than a span in width2 on which account it is considered to be of greater service to the public than the other machine near ,somerset ,house40 ,up to ,september next year we still find the 8,water-commanding ,engine10 engaging the attention of the ,dowager ,marchioness1 who was fully alive to the importance of so wonderful an invention2 not only as enhancing her late husband's fame1 but also as affecting her own interest1 with that of the other parties who had assisted in its promotion4 ,she seems to have acted with a persevering and noble spirit under all the disadvantages of her situation1 oppressed as she was in fortune1 her heart lacerated by the accumulated wrongs she and her husband had through life endured1 and now alone1 neglected1 and with but this one hope left1 of which his prophetic views must have left a lively impression on her heart4 ,but the ,marquis's surprising invention was doomed to another1 and a more novel persecution than could well be conceived possible1 one which assuredly might very justly be doubted1 had we not the written record before our eyes4 ,among the other manuscripts at ,badminton ,house is the letter of a ,roman ,catholic priest1 dated #fth of ,september1 #afgj1 addressed to the ,marchioness 8at her house in ,lincoln's ,inn ,fields40,s ,as her spiritual adviser1 he says3--8,almighty ,god hath1 ,madam1 put you into a happy and flourishing condition1 fit and able to serve ,god1 and to do much good to yourself and others2 and your ,ladyship makes yourself unhappy1 by seeming not to be contented with your condition1 but troubling your spirits with many thoughts of attaining to greater dignities and riches40 ,he next declares that she is in danger 8to lose the right use of her reason10 all arising from disposing herself for great dignity and wealth--8by getting of great sums of money from the ,king to pay your deceased ,lord's debts1 and enriching yourself by the great ,machine the ,water-commanding ,engine and the like40 ,to deter her from proceeding in this course1 he points out1 as ill effects1 8the danger of losing her health and judgment10 and 8the probability of offending ,almighty ,god40 ,that she is under 8great temptation0 he considers certain1 8yet ,i confess 7he adds7 that the devil1 to make his suggestion the more prevalent1 doth make use of some motives that seem plausible1 as of paying your ,lord's debts1 c40 ,for her future government he recommends her ,ladyship--8,to seek after eternal riches and honours1 which your age doth assure you are not far off2 for which you may dispose yourself1 before death comes1 by retiring into the country for some time1 from the distractions of the ,court1 where you may have the advice and directions of some learned priest1 in whose virtue you may wholly confide1 for your internal quiet and security40 ,with this view he recommends a lady's house at ,hammersmith1 where1 8by ,almighty ,god's blessing1 you may recover from that most pernicious distemper of body and mind1 into which every one sees you to be very near approaching40,t ,he claims 8the candour of his intentions10 as a plea for this extraordinary interference1 in a matter of personal and strictly honourable conduct of a wholly private nature4,u ,we lose after this all intelligence regarding the ,vauxhall ,water ,engine1 and it is in vain to enter on mere conjectures as to what may have been its fate4 ,it is certain1 however1 that great disadvantages in exhibiting1 and in manufacturing or repairing1 would ensue on the decease of the ,marquis's right hand man 8both for trust and skill40 ,in #afgj-ga1 letters patent were granted to the late ,marquis's son1 ,henry1 ,marquis of ,worcester1 remitting payment of certain sums due to the ,crown at the time of his father's decease4,v ,and on the #ast of ,august1 #afgb1 letters patent were obtained1 in respect to property at ,vauxhall1 which state that the same are granted by ,charles the ,second 8from grace and favour towards ,jasper ,calthoff and ,martha ,calthoff1 lately deceased40 ,from the same document we learn in reference to their children1 that there were then living1 ,catherine1 married to ,claude ,denis1 ,jasper ,calthoff1 and ,isabel ,calthoff4 ,and we find from letters patent1 bearing date #bbnd ,march1 #affg-h1 that ,peter ,jacobson 7married to another daughter7 is named as the 8son in law10 ,so that it would appear that1 in #afgb1 four children were living1 one son and three daughters4 ,the ,peter ,jacobson1 here named1 was a sugar baker1 holding a portion of the ,vauxhall estate for carrying on his business1 at a trifling rental1 during the term of his natural life4,w ,beyond all question the ,marquis of ,worcester's prime invention1 the ,water-commanding ,engine1 was erected and at work from #affc1 to the year #afgj1 during which time it had been made the subject of an ,act of ,parliament2 had been published in the ,century1 in brief outline2 also noticed in a separate pamphlet1 copies of which are exceedingly rare2 and likewise in large posting bills4 ,besides which a model was deposited with the ,chancellor of the ,exchequer as required by the ,act4 ,it was also the subject of much correspondence4 ,that it excited the attention of intelligent sight-seeing travellers we ascertain from the ,diaries published first by ,m4 ,sorbire1 and five years later by ,cosmo de ,medici4 ,and after the noble inventor's decease1 his warm-hearted and enthusiastic widow brought herself under priestly censure for her active endeavours 8to enrich herself by the great ,machine20 on which1 alas6 both had built reasonable1 but such as were at that time considered extravagant1 expectations of present fortune and future fame4 ,with the ,marquis of ,worcester this invention was no idle fancy1 no mere experiment1 no amateur work1 no casual1 doubtful trial1 and was not lightly estimated by himself4 ,he had by practice so thoroughly satisfied himself1 that1 long after #afee1 amidst all his troubles1 without his notes1 and to oblige a friend1 he wrote off1 con amore1 three distinct accounts of his invention1 under the titles of1 8,a fire water-work20 8,a semi-omnipotent engine20 and lastly1 8,a stupendous water-work40 ,how it happens that the ,marquis of ,worcester should have been wholly unnoticed for his inventions by contemporaries it is difficult to offer anything like a sufficiently reasonable or satisfactory conjecture4 ,but surprise might seem to vanish when such diarists as ,john ,evelyn and ,samuel ,pepys1 with all their curiosity and all their apparent pleasure in recording scientific novelties1 although they name the ,marquis1 notice ,worcester ,house1 and mention ,vauxhall1 never so much as hint at one invention by the ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,when these gossips had nothing to say1 conjecture may well cease to promise a satisfactory solution4 ,but it must be remembered that the means for giving publicity to any matter were then comparatively limited2 and it is possible that the ,water-commanding ,engine was little known beyond a certain aristocratic circle1 who afforded the chief support of the affair pending other arrangements4 ,even this supposition very indifferently accounts for the dead silence on the subject at home1 when it seems apparent that the invention was looked on by foreigners as in striking contrast with a much inferior mode of raising water at ,somerset ,house1 performed by machinery worked by two horses4 ,one would suppose that of all inventions an engine of superior capabilities for supplying the city with water1 would have excited attention in every quarter4 ,the inventor1 and all concerned with him1 might see certain difficulties in meeting any demand adequately remunerative1 until works and machinery were provided2 not so much to make the engines1 but to provide certain requisite articles and materials1 well understood in modern times1 but wholly unknown two centuries ago4 ,the ,marquis was in fact creating a demand for iron plates1 wrought and cast iron cylinders1 metal rods1 and all manner of tools and novel kinds of workmanship1 so completely was this wonderful man in advance of the age he might have adorned4 ,charles the ,second1 in the midst of all his gaiety and all his poverty1 had it in his power to benefit the ,marquis by1 at least1 affording him some countenance4 ,he had every reason to be grateful to him1 but his ruling passion gained the sway over all other considerations4 ,what ,samuel ,pepys relates of him1 as happening on the #ast of ,february1 #affc-d1 is characteristic of what may have been his utmost estimate of even the ,marquis himself4 ,he says3--8,i to ,whitehall1 where1 in the ,duke's chamber1 the ,king came and stayed an hour or two1 laughing at ,sir ,w4 ,petty1 who was then about his boat2 and at ,gresham ,college the ,royal ,society in general1 which he mightily laughed at1 for spending time only in weighing of air1 and doing nothing else since they sat40#gh ,our great historian has given a masterly miniature of the volatile monarch1 observing3--8,to do him justice his temper was good2 his manners agreeable2 his natural talents above mediocrity4 ,but he was sensual1 frivolous1 false and cold-hearted1 beyond almost any prince of whom history makes mention40,x ,his neglect of the ,marquis of ,worcester had the effect of retarding the full development of the ,steam ,engine in this country for above half a century2 and thus he1 who had never been known to say a foolish thing1 lost the chance of performing a wise one1 that would have evinced the existence of at least one redeeming quality in his character4 ,footnotes ,a ,history of the ,royal ,society of ,london4 ,by ,thomas ,sprat1 ,bishop of ,rochester1 #dto4 #affg4 #ia ,sprat4 #id ,tallis4 #fe ,lysons4 #c ,allen4 #ad ,boyle4 #ajd ,weld4 #ad ,boyle4 #ajd ,weld4 ,b ,,ms4 ,public ,record ,office1 in course of being calendared by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green4 ,c ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,d ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,e ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,f ,on the #ajth of ,october1 #affg1 his son occupied his place1 as ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,g ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,h ,this is a holograph letter1 from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,i ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series4 ,ch4 ,,ii4 #affg4 ,no4 #aja4 ,j ,appendix ,g4 ,k ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series4 ,ch4 ,,ii4 #affg4 ,no4 #cc4 ,l ,see page #bga and #bgc4 ,m ,duchy of ,cornwall ,office4 ,report ,h4 #a4affe-h4 7,april1 #affh47 ,see ,appendix ,g4 ,n ,it is very similar to the ,draft1 page #bbd2 and the 8,definition0 in ,appendix ,c4 #ad ,boyle1 ,vol4 v4 page #ecb4 ,o ,i am the more particular in naming these facts1 as it is singular that there should be any doubt thrown on the place of his sepulture4 ,yet in a copy of 8,the ,baronage of ,england1 by ,william ,dugdale10 containing his own manuscript corrections1 he substitutes for 8,ragland10 to read 8,windsor1 near to the tomb of ,charles of ,worcester his ancestor40 ,this copy is in the ,bodleian ,library1 and ,i have not only examined it very carefully1 but also the ,register at ,st4 ,george's ,chapel1 and the tombs in the ,beaufort ,chapel1 ,windsor1 without being able to confirm ,dugdale's manuscript emendation4--,d4 ,p ,this had been written 8wilfully malicious0--but 8malicious0 has been struck out1 and 8incredulous0 substituted4 ,this with other corrections are in the ,marquis's own handwriting4 #cj ,cosmo4 ,q ,being this portion only of his ,travels1 derived from two large folio ,,ms4 volumes1 narrated by the celebrated ,count ,lorenza ,magalotti1 preserved in the ,laurentian ,library1 ,florence4 ,r ,see ,sorbire's ,account1 page #bfe4 ,s ,her being there #c years after the decease of the ,marquis1 makes it probable she had removed from ,lambeth1 or wherever she had previously resided4 ,t ,see ,appendix ,d4 ,u ,she afterwards married ,donough ,o',kearney1 and died #bfth ,july1 #afha4 ,v ,appendix ,g4 ,w ,duchy of ,cornwall ,office4 ,see ,index to ,reports--#affj-afhd4 ,a4 to ,p4 #a4 ,and ,report ,h4 #a4 #affe-h4 ,and ,appendix ,g4 #gh ,pepys4 ,x ,macaulay's ,essays4 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,a ,,brief ,,retrospect ,,of ,,the ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester's ,,genealogy1 ,,and ,,his ,,private1 ,,political1 ,,and ,,philosophical ,,character2 ,,including ,,his ,,own ,,statement ,,of ,,expenditure ,,during ,,the ,,civil ,,war4 ,the ancient and ,honourable family of ,somerset is descended from ,john of ,gaunt1 ,duke of ,lancaster1 son of ,edward the ,third4 #a4 ,charles1,a the only natural son of ,henry ,beaufort1 third ,duke of ,somerset1 in that line 7eldest son of ,edmond1 ,duke of ,somerset71 assumed the surname of ,somerset4 ,he1 in consequence of the devastating wars of the ,roses1 was1 on the accession of ,henry the ,seventh to the throne1 the only remaining representative of that monarch's illustrious ancestors1 and he1 therefore1 considerably distinguished him4 ,in addition to his other honours1 he was created a ,knight of the ,garter2 and in the succeeding reign elevated to the dignity of ,earl of ,worcester1 on the #ast of ,february1 #aead4 ,in right of his first marriage with ,elizabeth ,herbert1 only child of ,william ,herbert1 ,earl of ,huntingdon1 he bore the titles of ,baron ,herbert1 ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan1 ,chepstow and ,gower4 ,after the decease of his first wife he was twice married2 first1 to ,elizabeth ,west1 daughter of ,thomas1 ,lord la ,warr2 and on her decease to ,eleanor ,sutton1 daughter of ,edward ,sutton1 ,lord ,dudley4 ,he died on the #aeth of ,april1 #aebf1 leaving her a widow4 #b4 ,he was succeeded by his eldest son ,henry1 second ,earl of ,worcester1 who died #bfth of ,november1 #aedi4 #c4 ,and he was succeeded by his eldest son1 ,william1 third ,earl of ,worcester1 and a ,knight of the ,garter1 who died the #bast of ,february1 #aehi4 #d4 ,being succeeded by his only son1 ,edward1 fourth ,earl of ,worcester1 and a ,knight of the ,garter1 who died #crd of ,march1 #afbh4 #e4 ,and was succeeded by his second son1 ,henry 7his eldest son ,william having died during his father's lifetime74 ,charles the ,first created him ,marquis of ,worcester1 by patent dated at ,oxford1 #bnd of ,november1 #afdb 7which dignity was repudiated by the ,commonwealth ,parliament74 ,he was the fifth ,earl and first ,marquis of ,worcester1 and died ,december1 #afdf4 #f4 ,when he was succeeded in his honours by his eldest son1 ,edward1 the subject of this memoir2 but the latter never enjoyed any portion of the vast estates until after a lapse of fourteen years1 when1 at the ,restoration in #affj1 he recovered a large portion of his landed property1 as already set forth4 ,he bore the second or family title of ,lord ,herbert1 from ,march1 #afbh1 to the end of ,march1 #afdc2 being on the #ast of ,april following1 created ,earl of ,glamorgan 7during his father's lifetime7 by ,charles the ,first1 he was best known by that title1 from the part he took in ,irish affairs during the civil commotions from #afdd1 until the decease of his father in #afdf2 when1 in consequence of the ,cromwellian ,parliament refusing to acknowledge any of the ,king's later creations of ,peers1 he was uniformly styled ,earl of ,worcester2 but at the ,restoration in #affj1 his proper style of ,marquis of ,worcester was fully recognized4 ,these latter party distinctions now materially serve to fix or limit the dates of some documents1 not otherwise to be approximated4 ,until the #bgth year of his age we meet with little respecting his education1 travels1 and pursuits4 ,with his marriage commenced his engagement with that artificer ,caspar ,kaltoff1 whom he employed in promoting his own practical course of studies in a branch of inquiry which had never before1 and has never since1 been so assiduously examined and tested4 ,the pursuits then commenced and indefatigably pursued1 as well for instruction as amusement1 combined with a strong natural bias for such occupations1 may have served at a later period1 under less favourable circumstances1 to lighten the tedium of exile and imprisonment4 ,he enjoyed but seven years of married life1 being then left with three children1 and remained a widower for three years2 when1 in #afci1 he married a second time1 having but one child by his second marriage1 who died an infant4 ,in the family group1 painted by ,hanneman 7now first engraved71 the artist has drawn him seated beside his wife and child2 but when this work was executed is unknown1 although it most likely dates between #afci and #afda4 ,the breaking out of the ,civil ,war would seriously interfere with the ,marquis of ,worcester's scientific investigations2 he would no longer be able to settle down to the serious study of his favourite authors2 his models and mechanical experiments would be in abeyance2 and there was no alternative left for him but to unite himself to the cause either of the ,king or the ,parliament4 ,his loyalty led him to choose the former course1 and his association with ,charles the ,first1 combined with that unfortunate monarch's unhappy situation and disposition1 eventually worked the entire ruin of the ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,but apart from the ordinary occurrences of the war1 it was his misfortune to be selected by the ,king to act as his emissary in negotiating a peace with the ,roman ,catholic party in ,ireland1 on terms contrary to the established religion of the realm and irrespective of the laws4 ,that he should have listened to the urgent demands of his sovereign is1 under any circumstances1 not very remarkable2 and we are the less disposed to be surprised at his being won over by the ,king's solicitations1 considering that he was not a practised statesman1 and that the proposed measure was preceded by his being created ,earl of ,glamorgan1 and that it was represented as offering enlarged privileges to his own church and party1 as well in ,ireland as in ,england4 ,a more cautious politician might have suspected some ulterior design beneath this promising external appearance1 might have questioned the possibility of some extraordinary exercise of the royal prerogative1 and at length concluded that no measure was safe1 coming from a sovereign who actually seemed to imagine that divine right was delegated to him to annul any obligation whatever1 however freely tendered by himself1 provided he could satisfy his own conscience that his so acting would be to the advantage of the ,crown4 ,but the ,marquis was no grovelling worldling2 he had left the study for the battle-field1 and for awhile abandoned the path of philosophy to become the ,king's agent in ,ireland4 ,it was thus that his loyalty and his zeal1 uniting with his religious sentiments and his sovereign's gracious conduct toward him1 and seeming sincerity1 combined effectually to plunge himself1 his family1 and his posterity into a series of disastrous losses in fortune and property4 ,he had not been many months a refugee in ,france1 when he received a very welcome and highly gratifying acknowledgment of his past services1 from the exiled ,queen1 in a present of valuable jewels1 accompanied with a testimonial1 empowering him to make what use he might please of the regal gift4 ,the original1 written in ,french and sealed with the royal arms1 is translated as follows3-- 8,,henrietta ,,maria ,r41 8,we1 ,henrietta ,maria of ,bourbon1 ,queen of ,great ,britain1 have1 by the order of the ,king our very honoured ,lord and ,husband1 caused to be delivered into the hands of our dear and well beloved cousin1 ,edward ,somerset1 ,count and ,earl of ,worcester1 a necklace of ,rubies1 containing ten large ,rubies and one hundred and sixty pearls set and strung together in gold2 among the said ,rubies are likewise two large diamonds called the ,sancy and the ,portugal1 acknowledging that besides the great expenses made by him for the said ,king our very honoured ,lord1 he has supplied us with three hundred and seventy thousand ,livres ,tournois1,b exclusive of the very great services at least of equal consequence1 which up to the present time1 even1 he has rendered us1 in regard to which we make known that the said necklace and diamonds belong entirely to him1 so that he may either sell or engage them without any interference on our part1 or that of any other1 or seeking after or troubling any person1 who may buy them1 or lend money on the ten jewels heretofore mentioned1 in faith of which we have signed this present and put thereto our ,royal ,seal in our ,court at ,st4 ,germain en ,laye1 this #bjth day of ,may1 one thousand six hundred and forty-eight40 7,,royal ,,arms47 ,the lamentable fate that befel ,charles the ,first1 effectually terminated all expectation of relief2 and therefore1 from the year #afdg1 when the ,marquis left ,ireland1 to #affj the period of the ,restoration1 about #ac years1 was1 if possible1 the most unhappy and gloomy of his eventful life4 ,he was about five years in exile1 about two years and a quarter a prisoner in the ,tower1 and nearly six years a state prisoner at large1 most likely under strict surveillance4 ,the year following his ,lordship's release from the ,tower1 #afee1 will ever be memorable for his having then written his 8,century of ,inventions10 which was published eight years later4 ,there is every reason to believe that the ,marquis of ,worcester pursued his scientific inquiries both in secrecy and seclusion4 ,this might arise from his early domestic habits1 particularly during his married life1 commencing in #afbh1 when he first engaged ,caspar ,kaltoff4 ,we never find him associated with1 or mentioned by1 men of his time1 which1 therefore1 leads to the supposition that he was naturally of a recluse and retiring disposition4 ,but1 on the other hand1 we have nothing to guide us in forming an opinion of the origin1 the nature1 and the progress of his experimental operations4 ,they may have been commenced for the simple gratification of a mind desirous to satisfy itself in every particular of whatever it undertakes4 ,in his early travels1 when at ,venice1 he had observed in the arsenal there a peculiar employment of the lever2 and when at ,rome his mathematical studies had led him to a knowledge of a particular kind of fountain4 ,after his return he had undertaken the erection of water works at ,raglan ,castle1 in connection also1 no doubt1 with the fountain set up in one of its adjacent courts4 ,the young engineer may have been deeply read in ,ramelli's elaborate work1 and may have determined1 with the assistance of ,kaltoff1 to adopt1 what he long after expressed1 as 8a humour ,i have1 never to be contented to produce any invention the second time1 without appearing refined40,c ,once started on an inquiry so peculiarly suitable to his taste1 he may have pursued it almost without design1 and continued it only because it interfered with no more serious employment4 ,being drawn into the designing of novel inventions1 and further encouraged by his workman's production of excellent models1 it seems natural enough that1 in the seclusion of ,raglan1 immersed in the scientific literature then available1 and possessing as he did a remarkably inquisitive and inventive genius1 he should grow up an inventor almost without taking cognizance of his own progress4 ,it is certain that it was peculiar to him to take nothing on trust1 but to reduce everything to the test of absolute experiment4 ,there was perhaps never any contrivance of which he thought or read1 that he did not reduce to a model2 and his was the experience of a great practical mechanic1 whose information was founded on known results2 whether of success or failure4 ,it was thus that he required the services of ,kaltoff through nearly forty years1 together with many assistants employed under him4 ,the great ingenuity1 perfection1 and variety of his ,lordship's inventions are traceable to this laborious and expensive practical process4 ,when at length1 in #afee1 he commenced in earnest to make known among a select number of persons his determination to bring out his inventions for public advantage1 he had a difficult task before him4 ,the recluse philosopher was about to assume a new character1 offering to submit for approbation1 to an ignorant and prejudiced public1 his mechanical marvels1 the product of nearly thirty years' study6 ,at fifty-four years of age1 without the least practice in trading transactions1 bred to no profession1 and known only as a high-minded but ruined nobleman1 he sues for public patronage6 ,among his manuscripts we find a slip of paper which has all the appearance of having passed through many hands1,d and suggests the idea that it was one of many similarly written1 to enable others to make known among their friends what the ,marquis had to offer1 seeking their encouragement therein1 of what they chose to select4 ,it reads thus3-- #a4 ,intelligence at a distance communicative not limitted to distance1 nor by it the time p'long'd4 #b4 ,ffountaines of pleasure1 with artificiall snow or haill or thunder1 quantity not limitted4 #b4 ,oft suteing shooting peerds1 controuleable1 in one plane1 either for number or time4 #c4 ,discourse to be had by a ,lamp4 #d4 ,a ,brass head1 capable to ,receave at the ,eare a ,whisper the mouth thereof to ,render ,answere in any ,language to the ,interrogator4 ,there is a somewhat similar but fuller ,,ms4 list of eight of his inventions1 evidently issued between #afee and #affj1 from its being headed1 8,inventions of ye ,earl of ,worcester40,e as he only bore the title of ,earl during the ,commonwealth4 ,by these means1 a small select circle of friends would become acquainted with the singular mechanical skill of the ,marquis2 but1 with what success for the desired end is problematical4 ,he would unquestionably astonish all1 while it is but too likely he would convince very few indeed4 ,besides1 his ultimate views were beyond the scope of the ordinary trader1 and could only be effectually realized through government influence2 particularly in an age when the common manufacturing resources of the country were but sparingly developed1 and when trading enterprise was monopolized by special corporate bodies4 ,here was a spectacle to behold2 one of our country's brightest ornaments1 and its unquestionable glory1 degraded to this hopeless drudgery2 deprived of his princely property1 and allowed a pittance of #c per week6 ,when1 in #affa1 ,parliament passed 8,an ,act for distribution of #fj1jjj amongst the truly loyal and indigent commission-officers1 c40 the following was the appointment of ,commissioners named therein for ,monmouth3--8,henry1 ,lord ,herbert,f of ,raglan1 eldest son of ,edward1 ,lord ,marquis of ,worcester2 ,sir ,anthony ,morgan1 ,sir ,george ,probert1 ,knights2 ,william ,jones of ,lanarth2 ,thomas ,morgan of ,lansoan2 ,miles ,morgan2 ,william ,morgan1 one of his ,majesty's household2 ,charles ,hughes2 ,roger ,williams of ,kentild1 ,esquire2 ,james ,progers1 ,esquire40 ,also1 8,for the county of ,gloucester1 and the city and county of the city of ,gloucester1 ,henry ,lord ,herbert of ,raglan1 c40 along with #ba other ,commissioners4 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester had every reason to expect an agreeable change of fortune on the accession of ,charles the ,second to the throne4 ,he made a full declaration to ,lord ,clarendon of the powers under which he had acted for the late ,king in ,ireland4 ,he recovered a large portion of his estates4 ,he had given up all claim to the promised title of ,duke of ,somerset4 ,he was granted an ,act of ,parliament for his ,water-commanding ,engine1 in #affc2 and immediately after he printed the first edition of his 8,century of ,inventions40 ,but he was entirely neglected by the frivolous monarch on whose consideration and patronage he had calculated1 with his usual confiding sincerity of heart4 ,worn out by three years' delay1 without any prospect of improvement1 he seems to have concluded on an appeal in person to the ,house of ,lords4 ,but his first course was to submit a draft of his proposed discourse to his ,majesty1 agreeable to an understanding at the ,hague1 when his ,majesty was in exile1 that he should so act1 previous to consulting any of his ministers4 ,the document now at ,badminton1 is most likely his ,lordship's own copy of the one forwarded to the ,king1 who seems either to have discouraged its being brought forward1 or to have given it no further attention4 ,it is in every sense a remarkable production1 whether as regards its matter1 its style1 or the extraordinary evidence it affords of his ,lordship's unbounded confidence in and devotion to ,charles the ,first4 ,the ,,ms4 is endorsed-- 8,statement of the ,marquis of ,worcester's expenses for his ,king and country20 and is as follows3-- 8,,may ,,it ,,please ,,your ,,most ,,excellent ,,majesty4 8,,sire1 8,to ease your mind of a trouble incident to the prolixity of speech1 and a natural defect of utterance which ,i accuse myself of1 ,i have presumed here to set down summarily in writing what ,i desire 7if your ,majesty approve thereof7 to speak in the ,house of ,lords1 whereby your ,majesty may gather how far 7some things being rectified7 ,i am confident of myself to serve you1 praying your ,majesty's favourable construction of what ,i shall endeavour candidly to submit unto your ,majesty4 8,in the first place1 according to your most gracious commands laid upon me at the ,hague1 when ,i offered to make my ,lord ,chancellor privy to what ,i should at any time presume to offer to your ,majesty's transcendent judgment1 having sufficiently suffered for treating with the late ,king1 of happy memory1 alone2 to which request of mine you were pleased to give this most gracious and never-to-be-forgotten reply1 that1 notwithstanding you would have me first to acquaint yourself therewith1 and then only such as your ,majesty should consent unto1 and think proper for it3 ,in pursuance whereof ,i most humbly offer this following discourse1 which ,i shall with a most ready and implicit obedience augment1 diminish1 or alter1 as your ,majesty shall think fittest2 disputing nothing1 much less waiving anything1 that your ,majesty shall command either as to substance or circumstance4 8,,my ,,lords1 8,amongst ,almighty ,god's infinite mercies to me in this world1 ,i account it one of the greatest that his ,divine goodness vouchsafed me parents as well careful as able to give me virtuous education1 and extraordinary breeding at home and abroad1 in ,germany1 ,france1 and ,italy2 allowing me abundantly in those parts1 and since most plentifully at my master of happy memory1 the late ,king's ,court1 by which means1 had it not been my own fault1 ,i ought to have become better able and more capable to serve ,almighty ,god1 my ,king and country1 which obligatory ends of theirs have ,i always had in my eyes1 as drawing and sucking them thence1 it being certainly the greatest and surest portions parents can leave to their children2 since breeding and knowledge cannot be taken from them1 when as riches and possessions are fading and perishable1 witness my own case1 my ,lords4 ,yet1 by dear-bought experience and their great expenses1 for which ,i honour the happy memory of my most beloved parents1 more than for my very life1 drawn from them1 they giving me by the one but my being1 and by the other my bene esse4 ,whereby ,i find nothing more certain than that the way to make oneself considerably useful to his ,prince and nation1 is the surest means for him to become cherished by them1 which they then do for their own sake1 not his1 though he had spent and lost above #g1 or #hjj1jjj1 sterling2 and narrowly escaped several times1 both by sea and land1 imminent dangers1 and long and close imprisonment1 and a scaffold1 threatening death1 as ,i have done1 ,experte ,crede ,roberto1 my ,lords2 yet happy is this day unto me1 wherein ,i have the honour1 sitting amongst your ,lordships1 to express from my heart that ,i have not the least repining thought within me1 though ,i had suffered ten times more for so good a cause1 and so gracious and obliging a master as the late ,king1 of happy memory1 was unto me4 ,and for so majestical and promising a ,prince as my new sovereign is1 whom ,god long preserve2 and1 morally speaking1 cannot do amiss1 whilst he hearkens to so wise a great ,council1 and so tender of his good and welfare as your ,lordships1 assisted by so discreet1 experienced1 and well-affected persons as sit now in the honourable ,house of ,commons1 the whole kingdom's representatives4 ,and may your ,lordships be ever as tender of your innate privileges1 members1 and birthrights1 as they of theirs1 and both of you equally likewise tender of his ,majesty's just and undoubted prerogatives1 upon which two hinges1 or rather bases 7that is1 our most gracious ,king's prerogatives and the birthright of his subjects71 this excellent government of ,king and ,parliament outvies and excels all other in the world4 ,let them1 therefore1 my ,lords1 hold together as the surest props of a settled kingdom2 his ,majesty's power consisting in nothing more than in the greatness of your ,lordships1 who are1 as well by ,divine ,providence as human policy1 allotted to be as it were the medium between the ,king and the people2 that is1 to interpose yourselves as mediators if the ,king's supreme authority should become severe1 which cannot be feared from so gracious a ,prince2 as also to be curbers of the people's rustic stubbornness1 if they should prove insolent1 which cannot likewise happen to a nation that hath so lately smarted for such inconveniences1 as1 had the ,lords' former greatness and power been continued in them1 could never have happened2 for1 as ,i hold with the old saying1 ,no ,bishops1 no ,king1 so may ,i boldly aver that no power of temporal ,lords being extant1 there will be neither ,bishop nor ,king4 ,but ,i am too tedious1 my ,lords2 yet what ,i further shall presume to say1 will need no eloquence1 being upon a theme pleasing1 as ,i humbly conceive1 to the minds of all your ,lordships1 there being none of you whose birth brings you unto this place1 but so much generosity possesses your hearts1 that you conclude and harbour a firm resolution to believe and follow that noble and heroic maxim--,beatius est dare quam accipere1 since ,beneficium accipere est libertatem vendere1 a thing beneath your ,lordships4 ,according1 then1 to which maxim1 as having the honour to be a member of this ,house1 esteeming in the first place the right of ,peerage1 even before the titles of ,earl1 ,marquis1 or ,duke2 as a ,peer1 therefore1 ,i say of this ,house1 ,i shall 7with your ,lordships' approbation7 humbly offer a present unto his most excellent ,majesty1 our most gracious ,sovereign1 a present1 my ,lords1 which cannot be done without you1 and fit to be owned by a ,house of ,lords1 it being no less than to raise an auxiliary troop for his ,majesty's ,life-guard1 of an hundred horse1 and commonly called in ,france an hundred ,meistres2 ,reistres8 that is1 each ,cavalier to keep a servant with a led horse1 as well as his own1 and one of them to be worth #ajj4 ,the whole troop shall amount the first day unto upwards of ten thousand pounds1 besides arms and equipage accordingly2 nay1 my ,lords1 every one of this troop shall be of that quality and power as to be capable to raise at his ,majesty's command an hundred men in #ad days2 and at the entering into the troop1 shall furnish into his ,majesty's store-house a #ajj foot arms1 two parts fire-arms1 and the third pikes1 at his own proper cost and charges1 and marked by him1 there to be kept till his ,majesty's occasions be to raise men accordingly3 but ,god long preserve his ,majesty from needing of them2 yet if1 at any time1 then will his ,majesty have in readiness at a fortnight's warning #aj1jjj men1 without costing his ,majesty or the kingdom sixpence1 till they be raised and armed4 ,and that most worthy nobleman1 the ,earl of ,northampton1 who1 according to the ,spanish saying1 ,so many brothers united so many castles1,g hath approved himself to be such in gallantry and strength for his ,king and kingdom's defence1 is desirous and willing through his zeal to his ,majesty's service1 to be but lieutenant to the said troop4 ,but the whole troop1 consisting of such persons qualified as above-mentioned1 volunteers1 and not serving for pay or gain1 will deservedly require not to be put upon common services1 and not to be commanded but by his ,majesty1 or his most deserving general the ,duke of ,albemarle2 and they themselves not to be tied to daily duties1 but to have liberty to substitute some gentleman of quality1 or an experienced officer1 to serve for him at any time when his ,majesty requires not his personal appearance1 and that the ,captain of the troop gives way unto it4 ,i presume1 my ,lords1 to nominate my ,lord of ,northampton but as second to me1 because his goodness and zeal to his ,majesty's service makes his ,lordship contented to give me the precedence as ,captain1 though far less worthy1 and shall indeed be but a servant to his ,lordship and the rest of the troop1 in order to his ,majesty's command1 and the welfare of his tenderly beloved people4 ,the rest of the troop shall be nominated when your ,lordships shall approve of the motion1 and his ,majesty vouchsafe an acceptance thereof4 ,they shall all of them be approved persons in zeal1 loyalty1 and allowed by you1 and do ambition the honour of being called a troop of the ,house of ,lords1 and being so termed1 and most of them of your members1 ,i dare without vanity affirm that no ,king in ,christendom but may boast of such a troop2 and it will not only be a safety to his ,majesty's person1 but an honour to the whole nation2 and an evident testimony of your ,lordships' constant loyalty and zeal to both ,king and kingdom1 and will keep up the honour of this ,house1 and not subject it again to be thrust out of doors2 and ,i beseech your ,lordships that ,i may be rightly understood1 for it is my duty to his ,majesty1 and the honour ,i bear to this ,house1 and not the ambition of being ,captain of the said troop1 that makes me to motion the raising thereof2 for as ,i acknowledge that there are many greater persons in the ,house1 as well titular as real1 in merit and power1 any of whom1 if they please to undertake it1 ,i shall with more joy and readiness serve as a trooper therein1 than to have the command thereof4 8,my second humble offer1 disposable by your ,lordships1 is at my own cost and charges1 but under your ,lordships' name and approbation1 and out of the accruing profits of my ,water-commanding ,engine1 to cause to be erected a competent ordinary1 affording as well wine as meat1 for one meal a day1 for forty indigent officers1 such as the calamity of the late times has brought to so pressing necessities1 as none of your ,lordships1 ,i am confident1 but is very sensible thereof1 especially of such persons who 7had not their zeal to their ,king and country transported them7 might have lived plentifully of their own2 yet if your ,lordships' commiserating eyes look not speedily upon them1 may follow the destiny of some others of quality1 yea colonels1 and never were under my command2 yet ,i never made distinction when his ,majesty's honour or service was interested1 or his well-deserving subjects suffered1 and were within my power of relief1 for whose burials it hath been my good fortune to pay2 they not leaving behind them to the value of an angel2 and ,i humbly conceive this act of charity1 worthy your ,lordships' owning1 since your ,lordships' cheerfully passing the act of my ,water-commanding ,engine enableth me thereunto2 and ,i most humbly offer this little testimony of gratitude1 to be under your name thus employed4 ,and ,i intend there shall be so good order given therein1 within #f months1 as that there shall be a stipend given to a person to read unto them during their meals1 either of military affairs or history1 the better to avoid frivolous discourse tending to quarrels and quaffing4 8,thirdly1 in favour and benefit of the commonalty as well as your ,lordships1 and for the general good and honour of this most famous ,city of ,london1 ,i most humbly offer1 under your ,lordships' name and protection1 to cause a fair causeway to be made1 upon which1 without disturbance1 two carts may pass one by the other for #b miles together1 at #d of the greatest avenues to the ,city1 as the ,lord ,mayor and ,aldermen shall best advise2 and at the end of each of the four causeways1 an ,hospital and ,house of ,correction to be erected and endowed1 with a perpetuity of #ejj a year to each house2 and this pious work to begin within two years1 and to be finished within seven4 8,fourthly--and1 indeed1 ,i should have begun with it1 according to the true rule--a ,jove principium--,i do humbly offer1 in honour of this ,house1 to cause #ajjj a year1 for ten years1 from ,michaelmas come twelve-month1 to be allotted towards the building of ,paul's1 according as his ,grace the ,lord ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 and the ,bishop of ,london1 and now ,bishop of ,winchester1 together with the ,dean and ,chapter of ,paul's shall set forth1 and may continue3--a memorable gift from the ,house of ,lords4 ,and thus1 ,i humbly conceive1 to have offered an acknowledgment of thankfulness both to his ,majesty1 and to your ,lordships1 ,spiritual and ,temporal1 and for the ,honourable ,house of ,commons1 for passing the ,act of my ,water-commanding ,engine2 and to improve this my humble thankfulness1 shall be my daily exercise and study1 no ways meaning that what here ,i suffer shall set a period thereunto1 so as your ,lordships will be pleased to set your helping hands to remove some misconstructions and personal inconveniences1 which1 if not diverted from my mind1 and from a too generally received opinion1 though upon false grounds1 and not appearing otherwise than false2 ,i beseech your ,lordships to be so tender of a member of yours1 as to contribute to the vindicating of me therein1 whereof no ways doubting but that your ,lordships will remove such an absolute remora to all my intended services2 and1 therefore1 ,i will presume to lay my case openly and cheerfully before you1 not doubting but that at your ,lordships' intercessions1 his most gracious ,majesty 7having given way that ,i should speak thus before your ,lordships7 will vouchsafe a concurrence1 and suffer himself to be disabused1 and such false and malicious opinions to be eradicated out of his princely mind1 as have been endeavoured1 by either envy1 malice1 or ignorance1 to be rooted therein1 and so certainly have obstructed the natural influence of grace and favour1 which could not otherwise but have been the effects of so great a ,sun as shines within a throne of so much goodness and majesty4 ,now1 whether my merits have been considerable1 ,i beg leave here to set down not as a trumpet to proclaim them1 but narrative-wise1 modestly1 yet truly1 for your ,lordships' better information1 accusing myself in some things with the same candour and freedom as to vindicate myself1 in others1 desiring to stand or fall by your ,lordships' just judgment1 and his ,majesty's gracious proceeding thereon2 no further relying even upon his ,majesty's most gracious act of general pardon1 than in compliance with others1 his ,majesty's subjects1 have taken it out1 yet with so great a reluctance1 through the clearness of my heart1 not to have deserved for it1 that the ,lord upon the ,woolsack was forced to chide me to it1 through his tenderness of my good1 and1 as ,i humbly conceive1 a further apprehension than ,i could have of a necessity thereof2 for which his tender care ,i acknowledge thankfulness1 yet1 at the same time1 ,i must humbly ask leave to stand upon my justification1 humbly praying to be rightly understood1 for ,i do it not out of pride or vain glory1 but purely--,me defendendo1--and if any body--,se defendendo1--kills another1 the law quits him1 much more will your ,lordships pronounce me not guilty of arrogance1 though ,i should arrogate to myself a praiseworthy desert1 and not1 through too much modesty1 be mealy-mouthed1 and not discover what of right appertains to the blessed memory of my dead father1 and even my own commendations1 crying with ,virgil1--,sic vos non vobis nidificatis aves2 sic vos non vobis vellera fertis oves2 sic vos non vobis fertis aratra boves2 sic vos non vobis mellificatis apes4 ,know1 then1 my noble ,lords1 that herein ,i speak not to derogate from the merit of the ,roman ,catholics from their duty and love to their ,sovereign1 we having all of us1 with an unanimous resolution1 nemine contradicente1 that is to say1 no one gentleman of quality throughout the whole nation1 but has stuck to the cause1 adventuring his life1 and lost his whole fortune therein2 yet give me leave to aver it1 boldly1 that all the ,catholics of ,england assisted not my father1 or me1 to the value of #e1 without real security for it1 and such1 indeed1 as at this time lieth heaviest upon me2 and this ,i aver as in the presence of ,almighty ,god and your ,lordships4 ,in the second place1 my ,lords1 how came the then ,marquis of ,hertford1 after his defeat in the west1 with recruits to his ,majesty at ,oxford1 but by my father's means and mine4 ,the forces that ,i sent with him had cost me #hjjj2 and #bjjj my father lent him1 ready money4 ,how came ,sir ,john ,byron's regiment of horse to be first raised1 but by #ejjj in gold1 given him by my father8 ,how came the ,forest of ,dean to be reduced2 ,goodrich strong castle to be taken2 ,monmouth itself1 with its garrison1 to be surprised2 ,chepstow1 ,newport1 and ,cardiff to be taken1 and secured for his ,majesty1 but by my forces and my father's money8 ,how came ,raglan ,castle to be first fortified and last rendered1 but by #ej1jjj disbursed therein by my father8 8,how came his ,majesty's army to be considerable before ,edge-hill fight1 but by the men ,i brought1 and how was his ,majesty recruited at ,gloucester side1 even after the defeat given by ,waller to my men8 ,god forgive those of the ,king's party1 who were the occasion that #aejj were surprised1 and ,i not despatched from ,oxford until the day after2 yet1 my ,lords1 at #ad days warning ,i brought #djjj foot and #hjj horse to the siege of ,gloucester1 paying them #fjjj down upon the nail at ,gloucester1 besides my troop of ,life-guard1 consisting of #f score noblemen and gentlemen1 whose estates amounted to above #c score thousand pounds a-year1 most of whom ,i furnished with horse and arms1 which of a sudden they could not do themselves2 for ,i was then master of #cd horses in my stable1 for the worst of which ,i have refused #ajj1 and above #dj others lonely worth #ej a horse4 ,i kept a table for the said troop1 not only at ,gloucester side1 but all the way to the west1 without so much as making use of free quarter1 but all upon the penny2 for ,general ,raven complained of me to the ,king1 who graciously and smilingly reprehending me publicly1 ,i desired to know my accuser1 and called my ,lord-,general ,raven1 afterwards made ,earl of ,bradford1 before his ,majesty1 who1 objecting that it was of ill example and made them to be thought the more burdensome2 my humble reply was1 that ,i yielded to his ,excellency to be the better soldier1 but still to be a soldier of fortune1 here to-day and ,god knows where to-morrow1 and therefore he needed not care for the love of the people2 but though ,i were killed myself ,i should leave my posterity behind me1 towards whom ,i would not leave a grudge in the people1 but whilst ,i could serve his ,majesty upon my own purse and credit ,i would really do it1 and afterwards leave it to such as his ,lordship4 8,i confess ,i raised this troop without my father's consent first asked2 his ,majesty's peremptory commands and the shortness of time requiring1 and ,i confess his ,lordship checked me for it1 and said ,i had undone myself thereby1 and ,i replied that #e or #f1jjj would not undo me2 the horses being all my own already1 and the arms1 by accident coming to ,bristol afforded a sudden and cheaper means for it4 ,my father answered1 that he did allow that #f nor #af1jjj would not undo me1 but the consequence would be that the love and power ,i had in my country would be perspicuous2 although ,i should have thanks from the ,king1 yet others1 though his ,majesty's well-wishers1 yet1 through envy1 they would hate me for it3 which ,i confess ,i have found too true1 and my services have been more retarded by those who called themselves the ,king's friends than obstructed by his enemies4 8,pardon me1 my ,lords1 if ,i detain you a little longer1 descending to some particulars as near as ,i can call to mind2 and beginning first to tell your ,lordships that ,i was not privy nor present with his ,majesty at ,greenwich1 when he first took his resolution for the ,north1 and removed without the ,queen to ,theobalds1 from which he was pleased to write me a lamentable letter by the hands of ,sir ,john ,byron1 averring that he had but #fjj1 and #cjj of which was given to defray his horses1 which the ,marquis of ,hamilton1 then ,master of the ,horse1 refused to do1 fearing to displease the ,parliament2 but upon such a lamentable complaint1 and pressing necessities of my dear master 7yet no ways advising him unto the journey71 ,i sent him to ,theobalds4 #c1jjj 8,to ,huntingdon1 after his departing from ,theobalds #c1jjj 8,to ,nottingham #d1jjj 8,to ,york #h1jjj 8,and took order for a table1 to be kept for several experienced officers1 who by this means were kept from taking arms for the ,parliament1 and were ready for the ,king's service1 and the defraying of their debts here1 their journey into ,york1 and their table there1 which none of them but #b knew it came from other hand than the ,king's privy purse1 yet stood me in #a1ejj 8,and these sums1 with as great privacy as may be1 keeping good correspondence with the ,parliament1 and myself present at ,london1 to avoid suspicion1 being then trusted both by ,king and ,parliament4 ,for victualling the ,tower of ,london1 by his ,majesty's command ,i sent to the then ,lieutenant1 ,sir ,john ,byron1 in old plate1 under pretence of coining it #b1ejj 8,by a feigned pretence getting leave of the ,parliament 7the circumstance being too tedious to relate to your ,lordships1 but yet notable in itself71 ,i went with their pass to ,york1 and carried to his ,majesty in ready money #ae1jjj 8,in bills and assurances4 #hj1ejj 8,for both which sums ,i had his ,majesty's note1 yet extant1 for ninety-five thousand #e hundred pounds4 ,which done1 in two days1 his ,majesty's further commands received1 ,i returned to the ,parliament1 with a plausible answer to a message sent from them by me1 and ,i agreed with ,parliament to remove the magazine of powder and ammunition for from8 ,monmouth1 which was a town of my own1 to ,carlyon1 a town of the ,earl of ,pembroke1 a professed adherent unto them1 which they took kindly at my hands1 though done by design by me1 who could not have pretension to take it from the town of ,monmouth had it been still there4 8,for the raising of ,sir ,john ,byron's regiment of horse1 being the first completed #e1jjj 8,things being thus set in order between his ,majesty and me1 ,i fairly took leave of the ,parliament to go down to my father2 where ,i no sooner arrived but there came directed unto me from his ,majesty a ,commission of ,array2 whereof ,i presently1 by a servant of my own1 sent word to the ,parliament1 with a letter to the ,house of ,lords1 which ,i directed to my ,lord of ,holland1 and to the ,house of ,commons1 to ,mr4 ,pym2 in both of which ,i offered to intercede to his ,majesty1 and conceived ,i should prevail to suspend the ,commission of ,array1 if they should make an ,act that their militia should not come into my country2 but they1 with civil compliments and thanks1 replied1 that his ,majesty's proceeding8 was so illegal1 and theirs for the kingdom so just and necessary1 that by no means would they waive the one for the other4 ,at which ,i declared myself irritated to see that they durst tell me that anything commanded by my master was illegal1 and professed ,i would obey his ,majesty's commands1 and let them send at their perils4 ,so1 immediately1 and in #h days' time1 ,i raised #f regiments1 fortified ,monmouth1 ,chepstow1 and ,raglan2 fetching away the magazine from the ,earl of ,pembroke's town1 ,carlyon1 and placed it in ,raglan ,castle1 leaving a garrison in lieu thereof4 ,garrisoned likewise ,cardiff1 ,brecknock1 ,hereford1 ,goodrich ,castle and the ,forest of ,dean1 after ,i had taken them from the enemy4 8,to the then ,lord ,marquis of ,hereford1 in ,wales1 as many forces as cost me the raising and arming ,h#hjjj8 8,lent him to prosecute that expedition1 in raising of #bjjj8 forces in ,wales1 first and last1 to the8 number of twelve thousand men1 and maintaining them1 whilst the country was tottering1 also providing8 them weekly for fifteen months3 4 4 plainly8 speaking1 and it shall be made good4 ,i 8,brought to ,oxford and delivered with my8 own hands,i #acj1ejj8 8,my journey to ,ireland with levies and incident al expenses81 there as well at sea as at land4,j 99999999 ,illustration3 ,one line of the ,marquis of ,worcester's cipher writing 8,the furnishing of troops of #f score gentlemen with8 arms1 and most of them with horses1 some of them of an hundred pounds price1 and many of #ej2 for though the gentlemen betwixt them made above #fj1jjj per annum land of inheritance1 yet being unexpectedly raised in #h days1 and could not furnish themselves1 which ,i did according to their quality1 together with their servants to the number of #bjj1 keeping a constant table for them the whole journey1 all along from ,gloucester into the ,west2 whereat they never wanted wine1 that being carried along with us1 but oftentimes beer2 together with #f1jjj in ready money1 paid my foot soldiers at the raising of the siege of ,gloucester3 which1 all modestly rated1 came unto above #be1jjj 8,the keeping of the garrison of ,raglan1 towards which1 till the very last cast1 there was never a penny contribution raised or exacted1 amounted to1 at the least #dj1jjj -------- ,the total #cah1jjj 8,besides the garrison of ,monmouth1 both town and castle1 ,chepstow1 ,goodrich with ,hinan1 and the ,forest of ,dean1 recovered from the enemy1 all at my charge till ,sir ,william ,vavasour came1 who hath had of me #ejj twenty shilling pieces at a time1 to encourage him to go on at ,gloucester2 besides1 likewise1 the charge of reducing of ,abergavenny1 ,carlyon1 and ,newport to his ,majesty's obedience4 8,furthermore1 for seven years1 both in ,england and ,ireland1 ,i allowed twenty pounds each meal1 to which all officers and gentlemen were welcome2 and ,i believe the charges in these particulars1 not to be inserted or charged on this account1 amounts to one-half as much as the former sums4 ,i never received a farthing towards it as ,general or otherwise1 nor a penny out of my estate in #bj years4 ,these times came unto upwards of sumebus viis et modis1 which alone amounted unto #fjj1jjj -------- 8,these sums added together balance the accounts and make good that ,i have spent1 lent1 and lost8 for my ,king and country1 revera #iah1jjj 8,my ,lords1 being conscious of this1 and many things forgotten by me to set down1 ,i was become proof against anything the ,king's enemies could do against me1 since by their principles ,i knew ,i deserved it2 but1 since his ,majesty's return and happy restoration it hath almost stupified me to have been so laid by as not to have had any promise made good to me1 for which ,i had his ,majesty's royal word1 hand1 or even the ,great ,seal of ,england2 but1 of the contrary1 ,i humbly beseech your ,lordship's leave to set down what1 with all submission to his ,majesty's will and pleasure1 flesh and blood cannot but resent1 yet so far only as shall stand with the duty of a loyal subject and the unquenchable zeal of my real heart towards my ,king and country1 and a most humble submission to your ,lordships' better judgment1 casting myself wholly at your disposal and favourable construction of what ,i shall set down1 according to the old saying1 that--losers may have leave to speak40 ,in this proposed address to the ,house of ,peers1 the ,marquis of ,worcester offers some introductory remarks bearing on his parentage1 education1 and travels2 but the burden of his speech is a detailed account of the severe losses himself and his family sustained1 consequent on the ,civil ,war1 combined with his father's and his own liberality to ,charles the ,first personally4 ,his proposed plan of laying his case before the ,house is prefaced with a singular offer on his own part1 under four different heads3-- #ast4 ,he proposes to raise an auxiliary troop for his ,majesty's ,life-guard4 #bnd4 ,to cause to be erected a complete ordinary for forty indigent officers4 #crd4 ,to cause a fair causeway to be made1 for two miles together1 at four of the greatest avenues to the city4 ,and #dth1 to cause #a1jjj a year1 for ten years1 to be allowed towards the building of ,st4 ,paul's4 ,then follow items of the various and vast sums expended in the ,royalist cause4 ,his allusion to the ,act obtained for his ,engine1 in #affc1 fixes the date of this document at or soon after that period4 ,the amount expended in the ,royal cause by his father and himself was so enormous1 that it is difficult to understand on what ground he considered he bettered his claim to some compensation1 by burdening his statement with four separate offers1 calculated to absorb far more than he could ever expect to obtain through a monarch so needy1 extravagant1 and dissolute as ,charles the ,second4 ,whatever may have been the ,marquis of ,worcester's previous private engagements1 there is every reason to believe that from the time he was protected by ,act of ,parliament1 he vigorously put forth all his energies to promote the works at ,vauxhall1 where1 aided by ,caspar ,kaltoff1 he soon had one of his 8stupendous0 engines in operation4 ,james ,rollock1 an 8ancient servant of his ,lordship's0 7as he styles himself71 who made some pretence to being a poet1 wrote 8a ,latin ,elogium and an ,english ,panegirick1 both of them composed through duty and gratitude40 ,he informs us that1 he 8hath for forty years been an eye-witness of his great ingenuity30 adding1 8,i think it not amiss to give further notice in his ,lordship's behalf1 that he intends within a moneth or two to erect an ,office1 and to intrust some very responsible and honourable persons with power to ,treat and ,conclude with such as desire at a reasonable rate to reap the benefit of the same ,water-commanding ,engine40,k ,about the same time would also appear to have been issued large posting bills1 one rare and curious specimen of which may be seen in the ,library of the ,british ,museum1,l setting forth a short address to the ,king1 followed with the usual 8definition0 of 8,a stupendous or a ,water-,commanding ,engine1 boundless for height or quantity40 ,we have thus very clear evidence that he was employing every possible means at command to impress his claim on public notice4 ,then1 as regards the ,engine itself1 it was required by the ,act of ,parliament1 8that a model thereof be delivered to the ,lord ,treasurer or ,commissioners for the ,treasury for the time being1 at or before the #bith day of ,september1 #affc10 and the same to be 8put into the ,exchequer and kept there20 a requirement which he was certain to obey punctiliously1 not only to avoid dispute1 but because nothing was easier for him to perform1 through the agency of ,kaltoff4 ,another remarkable point referring to his ,engine is that he concludes the #ihth article of his ,century1 which alludes to it1 by saying3--8,i call this a semi-omnipotent ,engine1 and do intend that a model thereof he buried with me40 ,and lastly1 there was his practical demonstration on a large scale4 ,as early as ,may #afed1 we have an intimation of his being in treaty for works at ,vauxhall4 ,not long afterwards we find his workman ,kaltoff settled there1 and in one of his ,petitions he explicitly mentions having spent 8#i1jjj on buildings and improvements10 and at least 8#ej1jjj in trying experiments and conclusions of art in that ,operatory30,m thus actually curtailing his personal comforts to fulfil his engagements with all those persons who confided in his promises to perfect his novel undertaking4 ,his works and ,engine were examined and noticed in #affc1 by the ,french traveller ,m4 ,sorbire2 in #afff or #affg by the eminent mathematician ,dr4 ,robert ,hook1 whose cynicism unfortunately thwarted his judgment2 in #affi1 by the ,grand ,duke1 ,cosmo de ,medici2 and we find it still in existence in ,september1 #afgj1 being then alluded to in a letter written by ,walter ,travers1 a ,roman ,catholic priest4,n ,we have1 therefore1 certain evidence that the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,engine was in full operation for at least seven years1 and that one of the conditions of the ,act of ,parliament obliged him to deposit a model in the ,exchequer4 ,his own estimate of its value may be judged by his gladly giving up for the promised tithe of it to the ,king1 his claim on ,charles the ,first equal to #dj1jjj1 in lieu thereof4,o ,his ,lordship's invention was never offered by him as a merely amusing trifle2 it was not a curious model which might or might not possess some practical advantage2 and it was not of a nature of which he was but partially aware1 and which it was left to others to apply4 ,it is even possible that as early as #afbh he had set up his ,engine in its most simple form of application2 and that1 improved upon through thirty-five years of study and experimenting1 the ,engine of #affc was a master-piece of workmanship and contrivance for that age4 ,his invention was no longer a secret1 he had done all that any inventor could possibly be required to perform to establish his claim to be considered as a true and first inventor4 ,his right did not depend on the vague notice first put forth in his ,century1 but on the actual ,engine made1 and1 for not less than seven years1 constantly worked for public inspection at ,vauxhall4 ,any one so disposed could have obtained the same examination of it that was conceded to ,sorbire and to ,cosmo de ,medici4 ,dr4 ,hook does not condescend to state what he saw of it2 he set out for ,lambeth with the intention of going to ,vauxhall1 but the laughing philosopher may have settled the problem in his own mind1 to his own entire satisfaction1 without taking any trouble on a supposed foolish errand4 ,we speculate in vain whether among the visitors stimulated by curiosity1 or invited by intending shareholders1 there were such men as ,sir ,samuel ,morland1 the ,king's ,master of ,mechanics2 ,rupert1 ,duke of ,cumberland2 ,dr4 ,sprat1 the historian of the ,royal ,society2 ,bishop ,wilkins1 the author of 8,mathematical ,magic02 the ,honourable ,robert ,boyle1 ,sir ,william ,petty1 ,lord ,viscount ,brouncker1 and other distinguished personages4 ,without positive facts to guide us we are ever in danger of misjudging a bygone age1 and in the present instance it would be imprudent to hazard an opinion on what is no less true than strange1 that the ,marquis of ,worcester entirely failed to arouse public inquiry into the merits of his invention3 being treated throughout with an indifference1 which1 to modern apprehension1 appears wholly inexplicable4 ,yet1 so inconsistent is human nature1 that the same age which burned and drowned so-called witches1 which believed in the transmutation of base metals into gold1 put faith in the curative effect of sympathetic powders1 and the ,king's touch for bodily distempers1 saw portents in meteoric phenomena1 and considered astrology a sound science1 could yet look with stolid indifference on this germ of the steam-engine1 unimpressed by what was publicly exhibited1 written1 printed1 and for at least four years made the subject of its inventor's daily conversation4 ,books and pamphlets were constantly being published1 filled with mysticism1 gravely recording the day-dreams of fanatics and impostors1 and letters lent their aid to promulgate such fables2 yet here was a new agent at work1 of such potent power that its like had never been seen1 which nevertheless men saw1 heard1 and listened to in dumb astonishment1 with the infantile simplicity of the poor ,indian1 ignorant of the value of the gold or diamonds strewn in his path4 ,the early associated scientific men may have been perplexed on finding an individual coming forth1 in the sixty-second year of his age1 to propound a new doctrine4 ,the suspicion was natural2 the cause appeared evident2 his project might be a chimera1 or an absolute delusion4 ,no one ever so remotely suspected his own want of wisdom4 ,had the ,marquis suddenly dropped from the clouds1 or sprung from the earth1 he could not have been in himself a much greater phenomenon than he appeared to the virtuosi 7as the learned were called7 of his day4 ,such a prodigy had never been heard of1 and perhaps will never again appear1 as that of a secluded scholar1 studying all his life1 suddenly coming to light with unheard-of knowledge4 ,if true1 he was a ,leviathan1 and compared with him all must have acknowledged a sense of painful inferiority4 ,the ,marquis on his part appears to have acted with unsuspecting confidence and modesty1 as one quite unconscious of the intellectual disparity between himself and the professors of mechanical science in his day4 ,however1 he neither sought nor formed new acquaintances2 he seems to have rested satisfied with his early associates1 or his own immediate connexions2 so that no one was gratified by his condescension1 or induced to proffer advice1 through any application on his part4 ,indeed he mainly looked to the ,crown for efficient support2 but the luxurious and gay monarch sought only youth and beauty1 the banquet1 the ball-room1 or the tennis-court1 and was not to be disturbed in his pleasures by aged philosophy propounding mechanical experiments1 and smoky steam-engines4 ,the ,king carried 8,hudibras0 in his breast1 and might perchance have a copy of the 8,century0 in some remote cabinet4 ,need we be surprised that his ,lordship's confidence in succour from such a source was every way misplaced8 ,his treaties with the business world1 it is to be feared1 ran counter to all accepted forms1 the talented philosopher being no plodding trader2 so that act as he might for the best1 it nevertheless appears to have been his uniform misfortune neither to acquire friends nor conciliate enemies1 a posture of affairs not uncommon to fallen greatness4 ,it is most unfortunate that he did not survive to complete his intended publication of a larger work than the 8,century10 presenting his hundred inventions with illustrative engraved plates4 ,but in common candour let it never be overlooked1 that we have before us a promise published in #affc1 long preceding the devastating plague1 which almost depopulated the metropolis in #affe1 and the terrible conflagration of #afff1 which laid waste the city of ,london2 and that it was in the midst of such accumulated public calamities his health appears to have suddenly given way1 aged1 harassed1 disappointed1 and dismayed1 when he was prematurely called to his long rest4 ,neglected by contemporaries1 modern writers have rested satisfied with a detail of some three or four years of his political career in ,ireland1 and a notice that he possibly possessed some mechanical ability1 as giving a sufficiently comprehensive view of his character through a life extending over sixty-six years4 ,this lax course1 on the part of his biographers1 has favoured the opinion expressed on the ,continent1 that the invention of the steam-engine is not of ,english1 but of ,french origin6 ,and this statement has been long colourably supported by means of a forged letter1 the subject of which has been graphically represented by the painter1 and copied by the lithographer2 all attesting the prevailing zealous ardour of ,france to honour native genius4 ,thus1 as though it were not a sufficient infliction to be ruined1 dishonoured1 oppressed1 and neglected while living1 it would almost seem as if events conspired to lessen1 if possible1 the lustre of his memory by the dark shades of apocryphal history4,r ,the ,marquis of ,worcester1 considered in his true character1 was in every sense a learned1 deep-thinking1 studious1 amiable1 and good man4 ,he was a ,roman ,catholic wholly free from religious prejudices1 and a most loyal subject without displaying under an adverse change of circumstances any appearance of undue party zeal4 ,in all his public conduct he was invariably consistent1 scrupulously conscientious1 and strictly honourable and humane4 ,in scientific acquirements he stood grandly alone1 not from pride1 but rather as the result of a naturally modest retiring habit1 probably constitutional1 but certainly confirmed by long continued close study1 favoured by his early domestic course of life4 ,when at length he was forced to come before the public1 he proved himself one of the most extraordinary mechanical geniuses of the seventeenth1 or any preceding century2 yet he was neither understood nor appreciated in his own day2 his surpassing mental endowments were probably lost for want of earlier and fuller exhibition2 while the influence of combined prejudice and ignorance served further to obstruct his rising in public estimation4 ,it is1 however1 the glorious privilege of genius to leave on all its works the sure impress of mighty intellect4 ,the 8,century of ,inventions10 gradually increasing in public estimation through two hundred years1 owes its vitality to its remarkable ingenuity and its concentration of thought2 and it cannot fail to happen that each succeeding age will inquire1 with increasing interest1 into every particular of the singular and touching history of its noble author4 ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,life4 ,footnotes ,illustration3 ,c4 ,somerset 7autograph7 ,charles ,somerset1 #ast ,earl of ,worcester ,a ,the annexed autograph of this great ancestor of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 is obtained from a document in the ,british ,museum4 ,cotton4 ,,mss4 ,vesp4 ,f4 xiii4 fol4 #gh4 ,b ,according to the old money system prevalent in ,france before the ,revolution1 accounts were kept in ,livres ,tournois of #bj ,sous or ,sols4--,dr4 ,patrick ,kelly's ,universal ,cambist1 #dto4 #ahaa1 page #adf4 ,c ,see page #bbe4 ,d ,from ,,mss4 ,badminton4 ,e ,appendix ,a4 ,f ,between the #adth of ,july1 and the #bast of ,august1 #afhd1 being then ,duke of ,beaufort1 he made his progress through ,north and ,south ,wales1 as ,lord ,president of ,wales1 and ,lord ,lieutenant of the counties of ,gloucester1 ,hereford1 and ,monmouth1 accompanied by 8,t4,d4 gen40 that is 8,t4 ,dineley10 who left the particulars thereof in a manuscript of some length1 containing many interesting anecdotes1 inscriptions of arms1 and pen sketches of scenery and antiquities1 now very curious4 ,at ,worcester1 on ,wednesday--8,after divine service his ,grace was attended in great order with drums1 trumpets1 the city-waites1 haut-bois1 flutes1 and other wind music1 together with harps1 ,welsh and ,irish1 viols1 violins1 and other stringed instruments1 to the ,town ,hall40 ,his ,grace was numerously and handsomely attended1 being himself 8in glorious equipage40 ,while at ,troy1 near ,monmouth1 on the #bjth of ,august1 his ,grace viewed the ,county ,militia ,regiment2 8several of the principal gentry0 on the occasion 8placing themselves in the front of the stand of pikes4 ,doublings1 countermarches1 wheelings1 variety of exercise1 and good and close firings were made40 ,he returned to ,badminton after nine weeks' absence1 8extremely satisfied with the good order in which his ,grace found the militia10 also 8with the reception and entertainments in all places of the progress40 ,the ,,ms4 has been printed for private circulation1 under the title of 8,an account of the progress of his ,grace1 ,henry the ,first ,duke of ,beaufort1 through ,wales1 #afhd4 ,and ,notitia ,cambro-,britannica4 ,by ,t4 ,dineley4 ,edited by ,charles ,baker1 ,esq4 #dto4 #ahfd40 ,g ,the ,earl of ,northampton1 who fell at ,hopton ,heath1 left five sons in arms for the ,king4 ,the young ,earl fought as gallantly as his father for the cause4 ,h ,see page #cbh4 ,i ,the ,,ms4 being defective on this side1 the particular sums of money cannot be ascertained4 ,j ,the cipher follows on the same line1 and agrees in character with the cipher-writing on page #ahj4 ,see ,comment on ,article ,no4 #e1 in the 8,century40 ,k 8,an ,exact and true ,definition1 c40 ,appendix ,c4 ,l ,brit4 ,mus4 #ab4 ,el4 #ge4 #aj4 ,m ,see page #bhg4 ,n ,appendix ,d4 ,o ,see page #beg1 and ,appendix ,f4 ,p ,appendix ,h4 ,,the ,,century ,,of ,,inventions1 ,,written ,,in #afee2 ,,by ,,edward ,,somerset1 ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester4 ,,being ,a ,,verbatim ,,reprint ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,edition1 ,,published ,,in #affc4 99 99 99 99 99 8,he was a man1 take him for all in all1 ,we shall not look upon his like again40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,with ,an ,introduction and ,commentary ,,by ,,henry ,,dircks1 ,,esq41 ,,civil ,,engineer1 ,,author ,,of 8,,perpetuum ,,mobile1 ,,or ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,search ,,after ,,self-,,motive ,,power20 8,,contribution ,,to ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,electro-,,metallurgy20 ,,and 8,,the ,,life ,,of ,,samuel ,,hartlib20 ,,also ,,inventor ,,of ,,the 8,,dircksian ,,phantasmagoria10 ,,producing ,,the ,,optical ,,illusions ,,popularly ,,called 8,,the ,,ghost60 ,,introduction4 ,the ,middle ,ages are usually considered to have closed between #adij and #aejj1 only one century previous to the birth of that ,marquis of ,worcester to whom posterity is indebted for his ever memorable publication1 the 8,century of ,inventions10 of which a reprint is now before the reader4 ,it records the earliest full1 though brief1 sketch of a practically working ,steam-,engine2 an invention which1 whether in relation to the age in which it was produced1 or the difficulties under which it was wrought out1 cannot be considered otherwise than as a marvellous effort of ingenuity4 ,the literature and science of that era1 as compared with the progressive stages of improvement distinguishing the two succeeding centuries1 were barren and meagre indeed4 ,hallam justly observes3 8,learning1 which is held pusillanimous by the soldier1 unprofitable by the merchant1 and pedantic by the courtier1 stands in need of some countenance from the ruling powers before whom all three bow down40 ,but even at that early period ,leonardo da ,vinci1 born #adeb1 had anticipated ,lord ,bacon in the universally accepted principle1 that experiment and observation must ever be the only sure guides to the forming of just theories in the investigation of nature4 ,the 8,century of ,inventions0 derives its name rather from the circumstance of the work containing one hundred articles1 than the same number of inventions4 ,its noble author may have had in mind the ,centuria di ,secreti ,politici1 ,cimichi1 e ,naturali1 by ,francesco ,scarioni of ,parma1 duodecimo1 printed at ,venice in #afbf1 when he fixed on the quaint title of his own remarkable production4 ,among the ,harleian ,manuscripts in the ,british ,museum ,library is a manuscript copy of the 8,century10 the title of which omits the words 8at the instance of a powerful friend10 also the motto1 date1 dedications1 and author's name4 ,it also differs in other respects from the printed edition1 by introducing 8,a stamping ,engine0 as the #hhth article1 in place of which its author has printed his account of 8,a ,brazen ,head20 the concluding article likewise varies1 especially in closing with a short notice of 8three sorts0 of other inventions 8set down in cypher10 but which do not appear4 ,the top of the title page has written on it 8,from ,august ye #bith to ,sept4 ye #bast #afei10 probably by the copyist1 to notify the time occupied in writing4 ,the first edition was printed in #affc1 during the author's lifetime1 as he died in #affg2 and the last edition1 with notes by ,mr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,partington1 is dated #ahbe4 ,this last edition professes on the title page to be 8from the ,original ,manuscript02 and1 at page #f1 alludes to 8a manuscript in the ,marquis's handwriting1 having been preserved in the ,harleian ,collection1 appended to an original copy of the ,century of ,inventions40 ,now1 as no other manuscript is known to exist1 it is important to state distinctly that the ,manuscript ,century in question is neither original nor yet in the handwriting of the ,marquis2 it is evidently no more than one of those copies1 which it was then a common practice to circulate2 and the ,,ms4 bound up in the same volume with this interesting document1 relating to a method of 8,cypher writing10 is not in the ,marquis's handwriting4 ,so far1 therefore1 from 8,the ,century of ,inventions of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 from the ,original ,,ms40 being what it thus distinctly professes1 it is an amalgamation of the ,harleian ,,ms4 copy1 and the first printed edition4 ,this obliges the introduction of two ,nos4 #hh2 but unfortunately there is neither mark1 note1 nor observation to guide or guard the reader even as to the editor's numerous emendations2 and the result has been such as to render this the most unreliable of all the reprints of the 8,century10 which will appear more evident by the unauthorised readings1 marked ,p1 in the notes4 ,the 8,century0 remained in manuscript from #afee1 the period of its author's release from the ,tower1 until #affc1 the date of the first printed edition2 the title page of which repeats the date of its composition1 adding1 8my former notes being lost20 as he was1 however1 the inventor of many ciphers or kinds of short-hand1 it is probable his lost notes would be written so as to be unreadable without the key4 ,it was printed soon after the passing of the ,act for his 8,water-commanding ,engine10 which is mentioned in the ,dedication to the ,houses of ,parliament4 ,it has been frequently reprinted singly1 as well as produced entire in larger works1 of all which publications a list is hereunto annexed4 ,we subjoin the title pages of the 8,century03-- ,from the ,harleian ,,ms4 in the ,british ,museum4 8,from ,august ye #bith to ,sept4 ,from the printed edition of #affc4 ye #bast1 #afei4 8,a ,century of the names and 8,a ,century of the ,names and scantlings of such ,inventions ,scantlings of such ,inventions1 as att present ,i ,as at present ,i can call to mynde to have can call to mind to have tryed1 and perfected2 7my tried and perfected1 which former notes being lost7 ,i 7my former notes being have endeavoured to sett lost7 ,i have1 at the instance these downe in such a way1 of a powerful ,friend1 as may sufficiently instruct endeavoured now in the year me to putt any of them #afee1 to set them down in in practice havinge wherewith such a way as may sufficiently to doe it40 instruct me to put any of them in practice40 ----------- 8,artis et ,natur prole40 ----------- ,the peculiar term 8,scantlings10 here employed1 is no doubt derived from eschantillon1 a pattern or quantity cut for a particular purpose1 a certain small quantity serving as a sample of some similar larger piece of work2 the 8,century0 being intended by its author as but the precursor of his proposed ample1 finished1 descriptive and illustrated production4 ,no one unacquainted with the state of scientific knowledge between #afja and #affg1 can justly estimate the character and value of the ,marquis's labours4 ,properly to understand him the reader must place himself as much as possible in his actual condition1 peruse the books that he might have read1 and consider the existing state of society and science4 ,no commentator has yet done this1 and consequently a serious difficulty has been thrown in the way of the purely classical scholar1 who1 though he might fairly estimate the ,marquis's character on points of history1 learning1 or theology1 could in no way turn to account his one hundred extraordinary inventions4 ,when ,walpole composed his 8,catalogue of ,royal and ,noble ,authors10 the capricious cynic was sorely perplexed how to treat such a literary production as the 8,century40 ,it has been said of the wit that he had so disparaged all things in his own eyes1 that nothing appeared to him worthy of admiration1 respect1 or emulation2 and it is no wonder1 therefore1 that he should cover his own ignorance on scientific matters by declaring the book he affected to criticise1 8an amazing piece of folly20 closing his flippant strictures with the sapient remark1 8,but perhaps too much has been said on so fantastic a man2 no wonder he believed transubstantiation1 when he believed that himself could work impossibilities60 ,david ,hume was equally at fault in comprehending the mechanical skill of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 for we find the eloquent historian1 in his ,history of ,england1 in perfect simplicity and ignorance1 observing1 8,that the ,king judged aright of this nobleman's character1 appears from his ,century of arts or scantling of inventions1 which is a ridiculous compound of lies1 chimeras and impossibilities1 and shows what might be expected from such a man60 ,that the 8,century0 shows 8what might be expected from such a man10 as its author1 all must willingly admit2 but that ,hume's pungent tirade presents any logical sequence1 all must as strenuously deny4 ,never surely did two talented writers1 in different departments of our literature1 figure so unfortunately and contemptibly as ,walpole and ,hume in their unseemly efforts thus to misrepresent and malign their country's noblest mechanical genius4 ,verstegan1 in his 8,restitution of decayed ,intelligence10 printed at ,antwerp in #afje1 treating in the second chapter of ,germany as it was of old1 exclaims3 8,and as touching the knowledge of the people1 what learning or skill is there among men that they exceed not in40 ,and proceeds--8,sundry most rare inventions have had their original and birth among them4 ,whereof the noble art of printing1 and the use of ,artillery1 are of most note40 ,he then goes on to enumerate 8the heaven of silver10 a piece of exquisite workmanship which it took twelve men to carry2 and the wonderful flying 8eagle made of wood40 ,we in the #aith century are ever liable to misunderstand the inventions of the #agth century4 ,either the inventions often appear puerile1 or their authors seem perplexed on very small occasions of difficulty4 ,many have no doubt hastily formed opinions in regard to the automata and other curiosities of the 8,century40 ,but such judgments can only emanate from persons not versed in our history and literature from ,elizabeth to ,charles the ,second's reign4 ,a few brief illustrations may be advantageously offered here1 to show that within a very short period after the death of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 scientific men1 in mechanical matters1 not only seldom rose above very slight improvements1 but were at the same time delighted with every species of amusing mechanical device4,a ,the late ,marquis's nephew1 then ,lord ,herbert1 being on the ,continent1 writes from ,blois1 #ahth ,july1 #afgd3;,b --8,we are again settled here for this summer4 ,in our passage from ,aix we saw at ,lyons the most curious closets of ,monsieur ,cervier1 which for mathematical ,inventions and ,machines 7all his own handywork7 are the most surprising and astonishing1 ,i believe1 in the world4 ,his many pretended ,perpetual ,motions1 ,hydraulic ,dials1 various ,clocks and ,hour-glasses1 his ,engines of ,sympathy and ,antipathy2 but above all his device to discover the most predominant quality in every spectator1 are past my comprehension and conception4 ,these1 and a hundred other things there1 might be well worthy a journey in this long vacation for one of your experimentators40 ,in the #bast volume of the ,royal ,society's ,transactions1 for #afhe1 ,dr4 ,papin1 describes the external appearance1 and the performance1 of a small hydro-pneumatic fountain1 which is represented in an engraving1 as being enclosed by a cylindrical glass1 under a glass shade4 ,the ,doctor states that it might be seen at his house1 in operation on his mantel-piece1 where ,dr4 ,hook had watched it for half an hour1 and other visitors for four hours together4 ,the secret had been communicated to ,mr4 ,boyle1 but1 with a view to excite the speculations of the ingenious1 was not made public2 for it was the pleasure of the learned to puzzle each other with such paradoxes4 ,the ,diaries of ,john ,evelyn and of ,samuel ,pepys offer numerous instances of the possession of similar cabinets of mechanical curiosities4 ,in the ,life of ,baron ,guilford1,c we have a fuller notice of scientific society about the same period1 of which the following extracts will suffice to give a clear idea4 ,it is evident that1 except as relates to the most ancient1 approved appliances1 then in common use in the mechanical arts1 all mechanical improvement beyond these was in its non-age2 so much indeed was this the case1 that no invention was too simple1 and scarcely any too outrageous or absurd1 to be esteemed unworthy of being submitted to the attention of the learned4 8,his ,lordship was no concealed virtuoso2 for his diffused acquaintance and manner of conversation1 made him known and esteemed1 as a professor of most polite arts1 and given to scientific inquiries4 ,this brought upon him an importunity to be admitted a member of the ,royal ,society4 ,but his ,lordship never countenanced the proposal2 and at length1 gave his positive denial4 ,he esteemed it a species of vanity for one1 as he was1 of a grave profession1 to list himself of a society which1 at that time1 was made very free with by the ridiculers of the town3 and he could not discover what advantage of knowledge could come to him that way1 which he could not arrive at otherwise40 ,among his acquaintance were 8,sir ,john ,werden--very far gone in the mystery of algebra and mathematics4-- 8,one ,mr4 ,aubrey of ,surrey1 a professed virtuoso1 and always replete with new discoveries4 8,one ,mr4 ,weld1 a rich philosopher1 lived in ,bloomsbury4 ,he was single1 and his house a sort of knick-knack-atary4 ,most of the ingenious persons about town1 sometimes visited him2 and1 among the rest1 7his ,lordship7 did suit and service there4 8,his ,lordship was once invited to a philosophical meal1 at the house of ,mr4 ,evelyn at ,deptford4 ,the house was low1 but elegantly set off with ornaments and quaint mottos at most turns2 but1 above all1 his garden was exquisite1 being all boscoresque4 8,he had a great value for ,sir ,jonas ,moor1 a capital mathematician1 knowing well his worth and honesty1 444 7he7 once invited his ,lordship to dine with him in the ,tower1 and1 after dinner1 presented ,mr4 ,flamstead 444 the star-gazer 7who was7 invited to come and see him40 ,he 8had another virtuoso acquaintance in the ,temple1 one ,mr4 ,ball 444 one in the list of his ,lordship's ingenious acquaintance40 8,and once1 upon an invitation1 his ,lordship dined with ,sir ,samuel 7,morland7 at his house2 and though his entertainment was exquisite1 the greatest pleasure was to observe his devices2 for every thing showed art and mechanism1 as--#a4 ,a fountain in the room4--#b4 ,a cistern in his garret--supplying all parts of the house4--#c4 ,his coach was most particular4--#d4 ,a portable engine1 moved by watch-work--it had a fire-place and grate1--cost #cj4 ,he took it with him in his own coach1 and1 at inns1 he was his own cook40 ,these notices afford a glimpse of the early progress of mechanical science4 ,to return to our remarks on the 8,century20 two of the articles the ,marquis borrowed1 ,no4 #ba1 8,a ,bucket fountain10 of which he obtained information at ,rome2 and ,no4 #bf1 8,a to and fro ,lever10 which he saw at ,venice4 ,a great number refer to ,cipher writing and means of holding secret correspondence1 many of which contrivances depend on very slight modifications1 so that1 although only twenty-three are set down1 he might very easily have enlarged this one subject tenfold1 only to arrive at still more extended conclusions4 ,his engine is noted under the articles ,nos4 #fh1 #ih1 and #ajj1 as1 a fire water-work2 a semi-omnipotent engine2 and a stupendous water-work4 ,so that discarding #b1 and reducing these three to one1 will leave #if inventions emanating from the ,marquis4 ,but a further reduction might be made1 if we strike out the additions made to the list1 thus3 ,no4 #i is 8a ship destroying engine10 but ,no4 #aj is only the means whereby to fasten it2 and ,no4 #aa1 a mode of preventing the operation of the engine1 in the hands of an enemy4 ,now in strictness the whole can only be considered as one invention4 ,so likewise1 in his improvements on ,fire-arms2 ,no4 #fa1 is a way for ,muskets1 ,no4 #fb1 for ,harquebusses1 and ,no4 #fc1 for ,sakers1 c4 which again can but be taken as representing one invention variously applied4 ,these examples would remove four other inventions from the list1 thereby reducing the number of inventions1 due to the ,marquis of ,worcester in the ,century1 to #ib4 ,but this rather explains the plan adopted in indicating the several inventions1 and in no way detracts from the value of the work4 ,the ,inventions may be thus classified3 #c refer to ,seals and ,watches4 #b 4 4 4 ,games4 #b 4 4 4 ,arithmetic and ,perspective4 #f 4 4 4 ,automata4 #bc 4 4 4 ,ciphers1 ,correspondence1 and ,signals4 #aj 4 4 4 ,domestic affairs4 #i 4 4 4 ,mechanical appliances4 #cb 4 4 4 ,naval and ,military affairs4 #ac 4 4 4 ,hydraulics and the ,water ,engine4 --- #ajj ,the very incongruous character of these matters is suggestive of their having occurred to the inventive mind of the ,marquis at very different times1 at remote intervals1 and under varied circumstances2 they might occasionally have resulted from his reading1 his studies1 or his experiments4 ,he evidently availed himself of every suggestion that either reading1 accident1 experience1 or travel threw in his way4 ,his domestic life led to light1 amusive1 and mechanical exercises2 while his military operations drew him to consider improvements in ordnance1 fire-arms1 and military and naval affairs generally4 ,all we know regarding the origin of the work itself is derived from the author's title page1 wherein he states that it was written in #afee1 his 8former notes0 then 8being lost40 ,he consequently sets down 8at the instance of a powerful friend10 only those inventions he 8can call to mind to have tried and perfected40 ,this explicit language admits of no doubtful construction1 yet he has been maligned by the envious as recording dreams and fancies4 ,the ,century closes with the remarkable declaration of his 8meaning to leave to posterity a book1 wherein under each of these heads the means to put in execution and visible trial all and every of these inventions1 with the shape and form of all things belonging to them1 shall be printed by brass-plates40 ,an intention which his premature decease rendered unavailing1 yet sarcastic writers have not been wanting to stigmatize the 8,century0 as though its author had offered it to public approbation as a complete work2 making no allowance for the circumstances under which it was produced1 as a mere syllabus of the intellectual treasures he possessed1 or the sad occurrence to which alone the non-completion of his promised publication with engravings of his several designs can be attributed4 ,some of his inventions he specially notices to signify their practical development4 ,thus ,no4 #ef1 he performs at the ,tower before ,charles ,i1 most of his ,court1 and the ,lieutenant1 ,sir ,william ,balfour4 ,no4 #fd1 an improvement on fire-arms1 was 8tried and approved before the ,king 7,charles ,i471 and an hundred ,lords and ,commons40 ,nos4 #ei to #fg1 further improvements on fire-arms and cannon1 occasion his particularly stating that3--8by several trials and much charge ,i have perfectly tried all these40 ,no4 #gg1 his scheme for flying1 whatever it might have been1 whether a balloon1 wings1 or a machine1 yet even of this he says--8which ,i have tried with a little boy of ten years old40 ,lastly1 ,no4 #ajj1 a water-work is spoken of as 8by many years experience and labour1 advantageously contrived40 ,and connected with this water-raising subject we may take ,no4 #fh1 of which he says3--8,i have seen the water run like a constant fountain-stream forty feet high40 ,this is not the language of a speculative theorist4 ,it is experimental1 practical1 and demonstrative4 ,considering the vast sums expended by the ,marquis on his experimental and on his practical works1 the immense variety of his inventions1 and the extreme novelty and singularity of many1 it is rather surprising that no account of any of them has come down to our time1 through some of the many channels of information then open to receive any accounts of the marvellous4 ,our next surprise is that none of the many cabinets of the curious seem to have possessed any model or any curious work of his production2 not even the indefatigable ,tradescant1 although his museum was at ,lambeth1 bought by ,ashmole1 and given by him to the ,bodleian ,museum at ,oxford4 ,the ,marquis did1 however1 present a peculiarly constructed box to ,charles the ,second1 and he offered an improvement on it to the ,earl of ,lotherdale1,d remarking3--8,i promise your ,lordship a box1 with such conveniences and rarities as that which you saw had1--though it were a presumption in me to say1 ,i would give a subject a better qualified present than ,i gave my ,sovereign40 ,the invention might refer to the ,cabinet mentioned in article ,no4 #gi1 of the ,century1 as well as include some of his ingenious escutcheons1 keys1 and locks4 ,we cannot but suppose that the ,marquis was intimately acquainted with the published works of the renowned ,roger ,bacon1 born in #abab1 and who died at ,oxford in #abib1 celebrated for his proficiency in mathematics1 mechanics1 and chemistry4 ,in his 8,discovery of miracles of ,art10 published #afei1 there occurs the following passage3--8,a man may easily make an instrument1 whereby one man may1 in despite of all opposition1 draw a thousand men to himself1 or any other thing1 which is tractable40 ,the ,marquis has left in manuscript a list of nine inventions1 due to the 8,quint-essence of ,motion10 by means of which1 he says in the #hth section1--8,i can stop any other man's motion1 and render it null1 since from any point of the compass1 ,i can forcibly and effectually cause a counter-buff1 or absolute obstruction to such motion1 which way ,i please2 all ways being indifferent to me1 to work a perfect resistance1 and to countermine their intentions1 or to force their motions a clear contrary way40,e ,what may be the meaning of either statement it is difficult to imagine2 or even to decide whether they be really allied to each other1 for although in some respects alike1 each is very enigmatical4 ,we have also given in the 8,life10 at page #baf1 a copy of a ,,ms4 list of heads of some inventions1 among which occurs3--8,intelligence at a distance communicative1 and not limited to distance1 nor by it the time prolonged40 ,the wording of which article as clearly as possible expresses what in modern times has actually been attained by the magnetic and the electric telegraph4 ,the 8not limited to distance10 and the 8time not prolonged0 appear conclusive4 ,wires1 tubes1 or other mechanical means of communication would necessarily be 8limited to distance20 and that which alone we believe to be illimitable through1 any human agency is electricity4 ,truly the ,marquis of ,worcester was a man of no ordinary stretch of mind4 ,the 8,century0 has but slender claims to our notice as a literary performance4 ,some persons have even imagined that it would have been fortunate for the character of its noble author had it never been written4 ,this is a mistaken view of the subject4 ,in the absence of his elaborated work1 it is fortunate that this precious relic has come down unmutilated to our time4 ,it is but as a sketch compared with the finished picture1 but we realize the master-hand in the brief outline1 and feel conscious of the intelligence and versatile genius of the mind that could conceive1 work out1 and minutely register the forming of alphabets1 automata1 ordnance1 and finally 8a semi-omnipotent engine40 ,his work has two dedications1 one addressed to ,charles the ,second1 the other to both ,houses of ,parliament1 composed in a quaint but courtly style4 ,he mingles classic lore with every-day proverbs4 ,he re-entitles his book as a 8summary collection10 and a 8,century of summary heads of wonderful things10 as 8experiments extant and comprised under these heads practicable with my directions10 and is convinced of 8,the treasures buried under these heads both for ,war1 ,peace and ,pleasure being inexhaustible20 concluding that it is a 8,century of ,experiences perhaps dearly purchased0 by him4 ,he also touches on his pecuniary position1 offering1 in case he is assisted with the patronage and support sought1 8to outgo the #f or #gjj1jjj already sacrificed20 alludes to 8the melancholy which hath lately seized0 upon him2 and to his work-place at 8great expenses made fit for public service10 amounting to about #aj1jjj1 8yet lately like to be taken0 from him4 ,he assures ,parliament that his several inventions are 8practicable with my directions1 by the unparalleled workman both for trust and skill1 ,caspar ,kaltoff's hand1 who hath been these five and thirty years as in a school under me employed40 ,so that1 dating from #affc1 when he made this statement1 we are thus carried back to the year #afbh1 about the period of his first marriage1 and the whole comprises a space of time from the #bgth to the #fbnd year of his age4 ,how had he employed the peaceable portion of those #ce years8 ,it seems to have been peculiar to the noble experimenter to keep his favourite workman fully employed in putting into practice whatever was known1 and in that way establish his own improvements4 ,we can find some analogous device in old scientific writings for the greater part of the subjects he investigated2 and it is no disparagement of his ingenuity to say that his refinements may often be traced to the crude efforts made by others to attain similar results4 ,italy1 ,germany1 ,holland1 and ,france abounded in authors whose works we may easily imagine formed a favourite portion of his library2 ,vitruvius1 ,vegetius1 ,hero1 ,ramelli1 ,branca1 ,de ,caus1 ,fludd1 ,besson1 ,van ,etten1 ,schwenter1 ,porta1 ,lana1 and other similar tomes replete with engraved brass1 copper1 and wood-engravings4 ,but the ,english press likewise produced such works1 as ,bourne's ,inventions1 #aegh2 ,lucar's ,lucar-solace1 #aeij2 ,bate's ,mysteries of ,art1 #afcd2 ,wilkins' ,mathematical ,magick2 ,porta's ,natural ,magick1 #afeh2 ,de ,caus' ,new and ,rare ,inventions1 #afei1 c4 ,of all these we are disposed to think that ,bate's ,mysteries of ,nature and ,art was an early favourite2 the second edition appeared in #afce1 when the ,marquis was #cd years of age4 ,the first portion of the work on 8,water-works0 opens with the observation3 8,it hath beene an old saying amongst ,philosophers1 and experience doth prove it to bee true1 ,non datur vacuum1 that is to say1 ,nature will not admit of any vacuity or emptinesse4 ,for some or other of the ,elements1 but especially ,ayre and ,water1 doe insert themselves into all manner of concavities1 or hollownesses1 in1 or upon the earth1 whether they are such as are formed either by ,art or ,nature40 ,through #hb pages the same subject of ,water-works is carefully examined1 and at page #eg1 is a description with engravings of 8the ,watermill or ,engine neare the ,north end of ,london ,bridge40 ,in the composition of the 8,century10 we notice several peculiarities which may sometimes be accounted for by the writer having caught the style of certain ,english authors4 ,in a letter dated #cjth of ,august1 #afdf1 he quotes the proverb1 8a child burned dreads the fire10 and in the 8,century0 we find the word 8child0 occurring six times to indicate little power or strength being required4 ,the word 8conceited0 is used three times in the sense of ingeniously contrived4 ,all these modes of expression are also peculiar to ,bate1 ,plat1 and the translation of ,van ,etten4 ,the 8twinkling of an eye0 is an expression used twice4 ,the article ,no4 #ae1 is 8,a boat driving against wind and tide20 in ,humane ,industry1 #affa1 appears--8a way to drive their ships without oar40 ,the term 8admirable0 is common to ,bate and to the ,marquis2 and so is another1 that of the word 8force10 peculiarly used in article ,no4 #fh1 when he speaks of the 8vessels0 being 8strengthened by the force within them30 really meaning no more1 as appears1 than some kind of pump-force or plunger acting the part of a valve to diminish any superabundant steam pressure2 and not1 as is perplexingly supposed1 that he had some contrivance for making the expansive force of the steam within the boiler act of itself to strengthen the vessel6 ,when we read in article ,no4 #ef1 the expression1 8,a most incredible thing if not seen10 and find ,dr4 ,dee1 in his preface to ,euclid1 expressing himself on a kindred subject1 that it is--8,a thing almost incredible10 we cannot refuse to believe from internal evidence that the author was from natural inclination well acquainted with that early ,english translation4 ,the range of such studies as he delighted in1 taken from the reign of ,elizabeth to the troubled times of ,charles the ,first1 or even later1 was very restricted2 therefore a course of scientific reading would soon be exhausted by an indefatigable inquirer1 who would then probably settle down to being satisfied with a small but chosen collection of his favourite authors4 ,it is not only in traits of language that we see a resemblance in such early authors1 but equally do we find a certain agreement in their matter4 ,john ,bate1 for example1 mingles the great with the small1 the serious with the ludicrous2 he has philosophical experiments1 a great water-work1 amusive toys1 pyrotechny1 drawing1 and medical recipes arranged in four books2 and the several editions appear to have enjoyed an amount of popularity which has made any of them very scarce in a perfect form4 ,a careful perusal of the 8,century0 will satisfy the reader that its contents relate principally to the practical and useful1 notwithstanding that some appear of doubtful value1 and some even paradoxical4 ,the variety of cannon and musquetry is singular1 the improvements in ships and fortifications quite surprising1 and in various mechanical appliances remarkably ingenious4 ,but1 after all1 what was the special design of its author2 what was he principally seeking to establish through this wide course of investigation8 ,it is evident he sought some mechanical power to supersede ordinary wind1 water1 and animal power4 ,he tried weights and springs1 screws and levers1 and finally he filled a piece of a cannon three-quarters full of water1 which1 after making a fire under it1 8burst and made a great crack40 ,the aim and object of all his laborious experiments was now attained1 and from the day when he thus burst the cannon1 steam power was realized1 its application pursued1 various kinds of machines constructed1 and the strangeness1 novelty1 and power of the new engine were such that he declared1 as in an ecstacy of delight1 8,i call this ,a ,semi-omnipotent ,engine1 and do intend that a model thereof be buried with me40 ,nay1 more1 he bowed down in adoration before his ,maker1 rendering him most humble thanks for vouchsafing him 8an insight in so great a secret of nature40 ,it is worth remarking1 that the very form of the 8,century0 was rather due to a custom among scientific inventors than to any whim on the part of its author4 ,in the #acth century1 ,wilars de ,honecort had given a statement of fourteen inventions4 ,in like manner ,leonardo da ,vinci1 of ten various schemes for bridges1 ditches1 fortifications1 and others1 military and naval4 ,so again ,ralph ,rabbards in #aegd1 ,edmund ,jentill in #aeid1 and ,henry ,marshall in #aeie1 gave notices of their several discoveries in medical waters1 fire-works1 and mechanical devices4 ,in #aehc1 appears a ,,ms4 note of twenty 8sundry sorts of engynes40 ,in #aeif1 ,lord ,napier wrote concerning his four 8secret inventions10 concluding3--8,these inventions1 besides devices of sailing under water1 with divers other devices and stratagems for harming of the enemies1 by the grace of ,god1 and work of expert craftsmen1 ,i hope to perform40 ,in ,james the ,first's reign was published a tract entitled1 8,cornu-,copia3 a miscellaneum of lucriferous and most fructiferous experiments1 observations1 and discoveries1 immethodically distributed2 to be really demonstrated and communicated in all sincerity40 ,the suggestions1 amounting to seventeen1 are chemical1 medicinal1 agricultural1 and mechanical4 ,in #afcb1 ,thomas ,grent patented six inventions1 not one of which is otherwise described than after this manner3--8,first4 ,an instrument very profitable when common windes doe fail1 for a more speedy passage of calmed shipps1 or other vessels upon the sea or great rivers1 which may be called the wind's mate40 ,in #afcf1 ,sir ,john ,c4 ,van ,berg patented eight inventions1 specified after this manner3--7,first7 8,diverse mechanicke instruments and frames operating by waights1 soe to bee fitted and ordered that the force and strength of them may bee augmented or diminished either in regard of the instruments themselves1 or in respecte of the number of workmen to be employed aboute them accordinge as occasion or necessitie shall require2 c40 ,in #afdf1 ,captain ,bulmer gave ,emanuel ,college1 ,cambridge1 a certificate of four hydraulic and mechanical inventions4 ,in #afei1 an account of ,roger ,bacon's 8admirable artificial instruments0 was published1 relating to ships1 chariots1 flying1 scaling ladders1 diving bell1 c4 ,so that there was no lack of precedents for the form adopted in treating the multifarious subjects recorded in the 8,century40 ,but1 indeed1 had no other existed1 he had a sufficient example in the vague patent specifications that his predecessors1 and he himself 7in #affa71 lodged as sufficient and valid instruments to secure a right in the matters therein specified4 ,and in confirmation of this we have only to place in juxta-position the fore-named patent of #affa1 and the 8,century10 to see at once the close resemblance between the two2 thus ,no4 #a1 is the #ghth article1 ,no4 #b1 the #ehth1 ,no4 #c1 the #aith1 and ,no4 #d1 the #aeth article of the 8,century10 copied almost verbatim4,f ,we1 therefore1 find that the one hundred articles are as explicit as any of the patent specifications of1 and prior to1 the reign of ,charles the ,second4 ,yet men of unquestionable literary taste1 but unacquainted with these simple facts1 have charged the ,marquis of ,worcester with mystifying his statements1 by writing too enigmatically1 without considering his promise1 had he lived1 8to leave to posterity a book0 containing 8the means to put in execution all these inventions20 and without the indulgence of awarding him at least the merit of writing his very syllabus with all the amplification required by law for the enrolment of a ,patent ,specification4 ,while the ,marquis was struggling to obtain royal and state patronage1 he had a powerful rival in ,sir ,samuel ,morland1 a gentleman of the ,privy ,chamber and ,master of ,mechanics1 to ,charles the ,second4 ,it has never been noticed that1 simultaneously with the ,marquis1 he was projecting plans of novel means for draining mines1 and it is very improbable that1 while so engaged1 he could view disinterestedly the various efforts of the ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,in the 8,calendar of ,state ,papers1 ,domestic ,series for #affa-affb1 edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green10 octavo1 #ahfa1 we find the following particulars under the respective dates1 viz3-- 8,dec8 #affa4 ,no4 #cf4 ,petition of ,sir ,samuel ,morland to the ,king1 for a patent for the sole use of his invention of an ,engine for raising water out of mines or pits1 quicker and better than before practised4 8,dec4 #aa4 ,whitehall4 ,warrant for a grant to ,sir ,sam4 ,morland of the sole use for #ad years of his invention for raising water out of pits1 c4 to a reasonable height1 8by the force of powder and air conjointly40 8,dec4 ,whitehall4 ,vol4 #df4 ,no4 #di4 ,warrant for a grant to ,sir ,sam4 ,morland of the sole making of an ,engine invented by him for raising water in mines or pits1 draining marshes1 or supplying buildings with water40 ,the annexed reprinted title page is a facsimile for size and letter-press within the gothic frame1 employed to enlarge it4 ,the smallness of the work was by no means unusual1 indeed the first edition1 in the ,british ,museum1 is bound in a volume uniform with the discourses of ,sir ,william ,petty1 and of ,dr4 ,grew1 before the ,royal ,society1 in #afgd1 issued by its own printer4 ,although more than ten years later the quaint style reminds one of the ,dedications to the 8,century10 as when ,sir ,william says he was commanded to print his discourse--8,because1 as drapers cut patterns of their whole cloth out of an end1 not because the end is better than the rest1 but because it may be best spared2 so 7,i suppose7 the ,society are content1 that this exercise pass for a sample1 pro tanto1 of what they are doing40 ,and of his second part he observes that it is 8,to excite the world to the study of a little ,mathematics1 by showing the use of ,duplicate ,proportions in some of the most weighty of human affairs1 which notion a child of #ab years,g old may learn in an hour40 ,lastly1 the ,epistle ,dedicatory informs us that3--8,falsity1 disproportion1 and inconsistence cannot be rectified by any sermocinations1 though made all of figurate and measured periods1 pronounced in tune and cadence1 through the most advantageous organs2 much less by grandiosonous or euphonical nonsense farded with formality2 no more than vicious wines can be remedied with brandy and honey1 or ill cookery with enormous proportions of spice and sugar3 ,nam ,res nolunt mal administrari40 ,one example from ,dr4 ,grew's epistle to his discourse will suffice1 where he says3--8,i know1 my ,lord1 that there are some men1 who have just so much understanding1 as only to teach them how to be ambitious3 the flattering of whom1 is somewhat like the tickling of children1 till they fall a dancing40 ,the annexed ,commentary has for its object to show the several sources from which it is not less probable than possible that the ,marquis derived a certain amount of information for his guidance in endeavouring to advance and refine on the same by his own efforts at improvement4 ,many intelligent persons1 particularly classical scholars1 and men of purely literary tastes1 whose reading has not embraced the study of the literature of science1 have supposed that the whole or greater part of the ,marquis of ,worcester's inventions emanated solely from his own unguided inventive skill2 and not a few may have imagined it would be derogatory to the originality of an inventor to suppose him walking in the steps of others1 however much he might outstrip their attainments in the same branch of inquiry4 ,but all invention is progressive--first1 laws of nature are discovered1 then applications are invented1 and last follow divisions and sub-divisions of endless great1 small1 and minute improvements4 ,the ,marquis originated many improvements1 but assuredly only one pre-eminent invention1 his great 8fire water-work40 ,it would have been easy for us to make the commentary consist of essays on modern improvements1 more or less traceable to the suggestive character of the 8,century40 ,but we stop where the ,marquis laid down his pen1 preferring rather to show that materials existed from which he might derive the several classes of subjects therein noted1 which many have so far doubted as to believe they originated wholly with himself2 as by adopting the other course1 we should only satisfy the public of the great use the 8,century0 has been to others1 a matter which has never been doubted4 ,we thus see that the 8,century0 is but the epitome of a greater work1 designed to have been published with suitable explanatory engravings1 which the premature decease of the author alone frustrated4 ,during two hundred years the subjects of the various inventions and improvements it calendars have been long superseded1 so that there is not one1 perhaps1 that would in the least assist the modern engineer1 however minutely it could be described4 ,yet the history of the ,steam ,engine1 of ,inventions1 and of ,inventors would be incomplete indeed without a ,memoir of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 and some account of his inimitable 8,century of ,inventions40 ,much might be written on the conflicting opinions expressed by historical1 biographical1 and scientific writers1 regarding the intellectual capacity and ingenuity of the ,marquis as well as of their adverse statements on various historical points4 ,but instead of adopting such a thoroughly controversial strain1 which after all would only lead to a very doubtful result1 another and very different course has been adopted in the present work1 by supplying facts in place of conjecture4 ,the writer1 who is strongly imbued with political1 theological1 or scientific views1 cannot write otherwise than as directed by the natural effect of such influences4 ,but as a rule the arena of scientific discussion is neutral ground2 and the biographer and commentator1 in the present instance1 does not feel swayed by any party prejudice1 and certainly not by any peculiar scientific views4 ,it has been his wish to associate himself as much as possible with the ,marquis and with his times1 irrespective of modern taste1 changed customs1 and enlarged knowledge1 as contrasted with a period about the middle of the seventeenth century4 ,here the critic rises in importance with the information he possesses of a bygone age4 ,but it has been so uniformly the misfortune of the ,marquis of ,worcester to be examined solely through a modern medium1 that it is almost surprising his antiquated costume1 and style of writing1 should have escaped the generally reckless course of censure bestowed on the precious relics that alone remain to attest his amazing genius4 ,every work descriptive of the ,steam-engine1 gives some historical notice1 awarding a certain amount of dubious merit to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 among other early inventors1 but it would be impossible to point to a single instance savouring of any national pride in the inquiry4 ,it seems incredible1 and might be believed to be so1 had we not the fact before our eyes1 that the true history of the origin of the ,steam-engine is only now emerging into light in the form best calculated to place the fact beyond dispute4 ,like all other great inventions1 the improvements in the ,steam-engine have been progressing from #affc to the present day4 ,its history presents three eras3--#ast1 the period when the parent engine and its immediate successors were called 8fire engines20--#bnd1 from ,newcomen's time1 when that stage of improvement was designated the 8atmospheric-engine20 and1 #crdly1 its last form1 the true 8steam-engine0 of ,watt4 ,we cannot destroy one link in this mystic chain without serious hazard1 without deranging the natural consanguinity of these children of the brain4 ,but while we consider it unnecessary to deal singly with each work contributing an apocryphal history to the origin of the steam-engine1 a solitary instance occurs1 within the last five years1 the publication of which demands special notice4 ,nowhere should we less expect to find a want of sympathy with the amiable character and astonishing scientific abilities of the ,marquis of ,worcester than in the pages recording the life of ,james ,watt2 for there we might hope to be supplied1 as from a fountain-head1 with the pure stream of most authentic information2 an elaborate1 careful1 and comprehensive digest of the best materials that learning and influence could accumulate2 at once clearing up many doubts1 and for ever dissipating the groundless surmises of a multitude of superficial writers4 ,we should never expect a less careful procedure1 or in its absence other than the most respectful allusion to the true inventor of the steam-engine--that engine from which ,watt's is lineally descended4 ,had the ,marquis of ,worcester and his 8,century10 together with his ,engine1 been unknown1 and consequently also his untiring representation and advocacy of its wonderful properties1 where would have been the justly-admired models of ,savery1 ,newcomen1 and ,watt8 ,the inveterate prejudice against the employment of any new engine with which the ,marquis had to contend1 was not wholly extinct even in the days of ,watt's early career2 and it was the all-powerful influence of large capital alone that secured for him what ,charles the ,second blindly withheld from the great engineer's noble predecessor4 ,we are far from advocating any undue devotion either to a theory or to a hero4 ,but1 certainly1 if the rhetorical flourishes of ,m4 ,arago can justly be summoned to eulogize the hot-water fountain of ,de ,caus1 in preference to producing his own clear1 simple description2 then1 assuredly1 in common fairness ,mr4 ,muirhead should have felt bound to a somewhat similar advocacy of the ,marquis of ,worcester's invention4 ,if ,m4 ,arago's example is to be quoted1 showing how much could be advanced in favour of ,de ,caus's little metal sphere1 then surely ,mr4 ,muirhead should have exerted himself to represent and distinguish the superior properties of the ,marquis's ,water-commanding ,engine1 raising four vessels of water1 forty feet high1 through a tube a span wide4,h ,but ,mr4 ,muirhead hazards no opinion decidedly favourable to either the ,marquis or his inventions2 while1 on the contrary1 his observations suggest unfounded difficulties1 and raise unnecessary doubts1 contributing to increase the existing confusion found in our current literature1 in relation to the great inventor and his projects2 an instance is even adduced of the pseudonymous writer1 ,robert ,stuart1 who1 in his 8,anecdotes10 and his 8,history10 flatly contradicts himself2 and frequently what one compiler only conjectures1 another takes up as a fact4 ,but this vicious system of writing is not to be corrected by following in the same track and proposing new speculative views1 offered too in a strain seriously derogating from the ,marquis's character for honour1 integrity1 consistency1 and consummate ingenuity4 ,in quoting the 8,century0 ,mr4 ,muirhead notices that it concludes with the promise of a more finished work1 which only elicits the sinister remark3 8that he either was unable1 or never seriously intended to make such a further publication40 ,this is indeed unjust1 and severe enough4 ,and what he quotes from the 8,century0 about the ,engine1 is only to tell what 8posterity supposes0 about it2 and to note that1 in respect to it1 8there has always prevailed a great diversity of opinion40 ,but here is no attempt made to trace and analyse that 8diversity of opinion10 or to dissipate the cloud4 ,the ,marquis's captivity in the ,tower is mis-stated2 and the luckless 8pot-lid0 story enlarged and improved upon1 for it is concluded that hence--8so runs the story--arose the #8,century of ,inventions1' with its steam-engine all ready--made and acting2--at least in the mind of its contriver60 ,this undignified view of the case of the imprisoned1 ruined1 neglected inventor of the steam-engine1 never deserved to be enrolled in the volume devoted to the life of his glorious but remote successor4,i ,although1 however1 we have been presented with a view of ,de ,caus as elevated through the medium of ,arago's eloquent ,eloge1 when endeavouring with true national zeal to claim the honour of the invention of the steam-engine 7even on this slender proof7 for his own country2 this position seems only to have been assigned to him in the present instance1 to make his downfall the more signally complete2 for ,mr4 ,muirhead most dispassionately observes3--8,considering the uselessness of the contrivance of ,de ,caus1 and the doubtfulness existing as to that of the ,marquis1 it is1 perhaps1 rather surprising that #8the invention of the steam-engine' should have been attributed to either of them1 with such great confidence as both ,english and ,french writers have alternately shown40 ,unfortunately for this antithesis1 the one invention is not 8worthless10 and the other is not properly to be charged with 8doubtfulness40 ,it may be justly said1 in one sense1 that all the engines preceding those made in ,watt's time are 8worthless10--but we have here a wide range4 ,in #afae ,de ,caus's invention was not 8worthless10 although its worth was limited to its demonstrating one simple mode of applying an important elementary principle4 ,and the vast amount of accumulated evidence relating to the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,engine indisputably removes all 8doubtfulness0 as to its actual accomplishment and general construction1 so far as words1 irrespective of absolute models and drawings1 can supply information2 and the absence of these latter accessories is traceable solely to the lapse of time1 combined with the indifference of the public to designs that went beyond general information on such matters1 as well as from their exceeding the common manufacturing skill1 and not captivating the small commercial enterprize of that age4 ,we must estimate the ,marquis of ,worcester by his general character4 ,his natural taste and domestic habits led him into mechanical studies1 while his large fortune enabled him to retain a paid mechanic in his service for nearly forty years1 expending many thousands of pounds in experimental and practical trials of engines1 machines1 automata1 naval and military works1 and great guns and fire-arms4 ,in his private life he was strictly honourable1 virtuous1 consistent1 and free from all narrow or bigoted views1 either in politics or religion4 ,so adverse1 however1 did the course of events prove to him1 that his loyalty and his religion combined1 can alone be named against him as his greatest misfortune4 ,his 8,century0 has been preserved to these times1 but all his other works which might have thrown a fuller light on his inventions have perished4 ,whether books and papers belonging to him were procured and burnt1 according to the story relating to such an incident1 is now past discovery2 but it is abundantly evident that the great scarcity of information which exists1 has led to the propagation of many unfounded statements1 and given undue weight to others purely conjectural4 ,that which cannot be established by producing positive evidence1 is too often only complicated by hazarding opinions irrespective of reasonable evidence1 or worse1 in the face of reasonable grounds for contrary statements4 ,the 8,century0 stands alone in the languages of the civilized world1 the strange monument of a strong mind1 seeking its full development in a prejudiced age1 striking into new paths which society could not comprehend1 and which it therefore would not patronise4 ,h4 ,d4 ,blackheath1 ,kent1 ,november1 #ahfd4 ,,editions ,,of ,,the ,,century4 99 99 99 99 99 #affc4 ,london3 ,printed by ,j4 ,grismond in the year #affc4 small #abmo4 #agdf4 ,london3 ,printed in the year #affc4 ,reprinted and sold by ,t4 ,payne1 in ,round-,court in the ,strand1 #agdf4 #agdh4 ,no particulars4 ,a copy was sold1 according to ,lowndes's ,bib4 ,man4 with ,,ms4 additions4 #agfc4 ,no particulars4 ,query--#affc4 #agfg4 ,glasgow3 ,printed by ,r4 and ,a4 ,foulis1 #agfg4 #aggh4 ,dated 8,kyo1 near ,lanchester co4 ,durham1 ,june #ah1 #aggh10 with an 8,appendix containing an ,historical account of the ,fire-,engine for raising water40 #aggh4 ,a reprint agreeing with above1 except in having no name or date4 ,it repeats the ,title of the first edition1 #affc1 and at the end gives the foregoing 8,appendix3 containing an ,historical ,account of the ,fire-,engine for raising water40 #hvo4 ,in the latter1 ,dr4 ,desagulier's ,lectures1 #agdd1 are quoted1 so that this may possibly be an edition short only of a leaf1 bearing the same place and date as the preceding4 #aghf4 ,glasgow1 ,printed4 ,london3 ,reprinted by ,w4 ,bailey1 ,proprietor of the ,speaking ,figure1 now shewing1 by ,permission of the ,right ,hon4 the ,lord ,mayor1 at ,no4 #dj1 within ,bishopgate1 #aghf4 ,sq4 #afmo4 #ahac4 ,newcastle2 ,printed by ,s4 ,hodgson1 ,union ,street1 #ahac4 #hvo4 pp4 #ec4 ,title page3--8,the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,century of ,inventions1 to which is added1 ,an ,appendix containing an historical account of the ,fire-,engine1 for raising ,water2 which invention originated from the above work4 ,by ,john ,buddle40 ,the ,preface is dated 8,kyo1 near ,lanchester1 ,june #ah1 #aggh10--;in the ,north ,west of ,durham4 ,see edition #aggh4 ,a copy of this reprint is in the ,library of the ,patent ,office4 #ahac4 ,the ,title page is a reprint of #affc1 and on the back appears 8,reprinted by ,j4 ,adlard1 #bg1 ,bartholomew ,close1 #ahac40 ,london4 ,sq4 #afmo4 #ahac4 ,it would appear from a ,,ms4 note by ,mr4 ,p4 ,bliss1 in an interleaved edition of 8,walpole's ,royal and ,noble ,authors10 ,brit4 ,mus4 that this year there was another edition of 8,the ,century1 c40 viz4-- ,london1 sold by ,r4 ,triphook1 #cg1 ,st4 ,james's ,street2 ,j4 ,major1 ,west ,smithfield2 and ,r4 ,priestley1 #adc1 ,high ,holborn4 #abmo4 price #ds4 sewed2 #ajj copies printed1 #ahac4 #ahbe4 ,the ,century of ,inventions of the ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,from the ,original ,,ms4 c4 ,by ,charles ,f4 ,partington4 ,london3 ,john ,murray1 ,albemarle ,street1 #ahbe4 #abmo4 ,,reprinted ,,in ,,the ,,following ,,works3 ,,viz4-- #aghi4 ,the ,gentleman's ,magazine1 ,vol4 #ah4 #hvo4 #ahja4 ,the ,philosophical ,magazine4 ,by ,alexander ,tilloch4 ,vol4 #ab4 #hvo4 pp4 #dc to #eg4 #ahjb4 ,the ,repertory of ,arts1 ,manufactures1 and ,agriculture4 ,vol4 #a4 ,second ,series4 #hvo4 #ahji4 ,the ,harleian ,miscellany3 a collection of scarce ,pamphlets and ,tracts1 c4 ,by ,oldys and ,park4 ,vol4 #d4 #dto4 #ahae4 ,a ,treatise of ,mechanics4 ,by ,olinthus ,gregory1 ,l4,l4,d4 c4 #crd edition4 ,vol4 #b4 #hvo4 #ahbb4 ,the ,mechanic2 or1 compendium of ,practical ,inventions4 ,by ,james ,smith4 #b vols4 #hvo4 p4 #djc4 #ahbd4 ,the ,kaleidoscope4 ,liverpool4 ,vol4 #e4 #dto4 ,no4 #bab to ,no4 #bai4 #ahbe4 ,the ,mechanics' ,magazine ,london4 ,vol4 #c4 #hvo4 p4 #ah4 #ahbg4 ,one thousand ,notable ,things4 ,london1 ,t4 ,tegg2 and ,glasgow1 ,griffin and ,co4 ,appended to this reprint of the original work1 #abmo4 by 8,thomas ,lupton10 ,b4,l4 #aehf4 #dto4 #ahcc4 ,mechanics' ,magazine4 ,new ,york4 ,vol4 #a4 #hvo4 pp4 #hb to #ib4 #ahef4 ,weale's ,quarterly ,papers on ,engineering4 ,vol4 #e4 #dto4 ,illustration3 ornate border surrounding the following title page ,a ,,century ,,of ,,the ,names and ,scantlings ,,of ,,such ,,inventions1 ,as at present ,i can call to mind to have tried and perfected1 which 7my former ,notes being lost7 ,i have1 at the instance of a powerful ,friend1 endeavoured now in the ,year #afee1 to set these down in such a way as may sufficiently instruct me to put any of them in practice4 ------,artis ,natur proles4 ,,london3 ,printed by ,j4 ,grismond in the year #affc4 ,,to ,,the ,,kings ,most ,excellent ,,majesty4 ,,sir1 ,,scire meum nihil est1 nisi me scire hoc sciat alter1 saith the ,poet1 and ,i most justly in order to ,your ,majesty1 whose satisfaction is my happiness1 and whom to serve is my onely aime1 placing therein my ,summum bonum in this world3 ,be therefore pleased to cast ,your gracious ,eye over this ,summary ,collection1 and then to pick and choose4 ,i confess1 ,i made it but for the superficial satisfaction of a friends curiosity1 according as it is set downe2 and if it might now serve to give aime to ,your ,majesty how to make use of my poor ,endeavours1 it would crowne my thoughts1 who am neither covetous nor ambitious1 but of deserving ,your ,majesties favour upon my own cost and charges2 yet1 according to the old ,english ,proverb1 ,it is a poor ,dog not worth whistleing after4 ,let but ,your ,majesty approve1 and ,i will effectually perform to the height of my ,undertaking3 ,vouchsafe but to command1 and with my ,life and ,fortune ,i shall chearfully obey1 and maugre envy1 ignorance and malice1 ever appear ,,your ,,majesty',s ,passionately-devoted1 or otherwise dis-interested ,subject and ,servant1 ,,worcester4 ,to the ,right ,honourable ,,the ,,lords ,,spiritual ,,and ,,temporal2 ,and to the ,,knights1 ,,citizens1 ,,and ,,burgesses of the ,honourable ,house of ,commons2 ,,now assembled in ,parliament4 ,my ,lords and ,gentlemen1 ,be not startled if ,i address to all1 and every of you1 this ,century of ,summary ,heads of wonderful things1 even after the ,dedication of them to ,his most ,excellent ,majesty1 since it is with ,his most gracious and particular consent1 as well as indeed no wayes derogating from my duty to ,his ,sacred ,self1 but rather in further order unto it1 since your ,lordships1 who are ,his great ,council1 and you ,gentlemen ,his whole ,kingdoms ,representatives 7most worthily welcome unto ,him7 may fitly receive into your wise and serious considerations what doth or may publickly concern both ,his ,majesty and ,his tenderly-beloved ,people4 ,pardon me if ,i say 7my ,lords and ,gentlemen7 that it is joyntly your parts to digest to ,his hand these ensuing particulars1 fitting them to ,his palate1 and ordering how to reduce them into practice in a way useful and beneficial both to ,his ,majesty and ,his ,kingdom4 ,neither do ,i esteem it less proper for me to present them to you in order to ,his ,majesty's service1 then it is to give into the hands of a faithful and provident ,steward whatsoever dainties and provisions are intended for the ,masters diet2 the knowing and faithful ,steward being best able to make use thereof to his ,masters contentment and greatest profit1 keeping for the morrow whatever should be overplus or needless for the present day1 or at least to save something else in lieu thereof4 ,in a word1 7my ,lords and ,gentlemen7 ,i humbly conceive this ,simile not improper1 since you are ,his ,majesty's provident ,stewards1 into whose hands ,i commit my self1 with all properties fit to obey you2 that is to say1 with a heart harbouring no ambition1 but an endless aim to serve my ,king and ,countrey3 ,and if my endeavours prove effectual1 7as ,i am confident they will7 ,his ,majesty shall not onely become rich1 but ,his ,people likewise1 as ,treasurers unto ,him2 and ,his ,pierless ,majesty1 our ,king1 shall become both belov'd at home1 and fear'd abroad2 deeming the riches of a ,king to consist in the plenty enjoyed by ,his ,people4 ,and the way to render him to be feared abroad1 is to content his ,people at home1 who then with heart and hand are ready to assist him2 and whatsoever ,god blesseth me with to contribute towards the increase of ,his ,revenues in any considerable way1 ,i desire it may be imployed to the use of ,his ,people2 that is1 for the taking off such ,taxes or ,burthens from them as they chiefly groane under1 and by a ,temporary necessity onely imposed on them2 which being thus supplied will certainly best content the ,king1 and satisfie ,his ,people2 which1 ,i dare say1 is the continual ,tend of all your indefatigable pains1 and the perfect demonstrations of your ,zele to ,his ,majesty1 and an evidence that the ,kingdoms ,trust is justly and deservedly reposed in you4 ,and if ever ,parliament acquitted themselves thereof1 it is this of yours1 composed of most deserving and qualified ,persons2 qualified1 ,i say1 with your affection to your ,prince1 and with a tenderness to ,his ,people2 with a bountiful heart towards ,him1 yet a frugality in their behalfs4 ,go on therefore chearfully 7my ,lords and ,gentlemen7 and not onely our gracious ,king1 but the ,king of ,kings1 will reward you1 the ,prayers of the ,people will attend you1 and ,his ,majesty will with thankful arms embrace you4 ,and be pleased to make use of me and my endeavours to enrich them1 not my self2 such being my onely request unto you1 spare me not in what your ,wisdoms shall find me useful1 who do esteem my self not onely by the ,act of the ,water-commanding ,engine 7which so chearfully you have past7 sufficiently rewarded1 but likewise with courage enabled to do ten times more for the future2 and my ,debts being paid1 and a competency to live according to my ,birth and ,quality setled1 the rest shall ,i dedicate to the service of our ,king and ,countrey by your disposals3 and esteem me not the more1 or rather any more1 by what is past1 but what's to come2 professing really from my heart1 that my ,intentions are to out-go the six or seven hundred thousand pounds already sacrificed1 if countenanced and encouraged by you1 ingenuously confessing that the melancholy which hath lately seized upon me 7the cause whereof none of you but may easily guess7 hath1 ,i dare say1 retarded more advantages to the public service than modesty will permit me to utter3 ,and now revived by your promising favours1 ,i shall infallibly be enabled thereunto in the ,experiments extant1 and comprised under these heads practicable with my directions by the unparallel'd ,workman both for trust and skill1 ,caspar ,kaltoff's hand1 who hath been these five-and-thirty years as in a school under me imployed1 and still at my disposal1 in a place by my great expences made fit for publick service1 yet lately like to be taken from me1 and consequently from the service of ,king and ,kingdom1 without the least regard of above ten thousand pounds expended by me1 and through my ,zele to the ,common good2 my ,zele1 ,i say1 a field large enough for you 7my ,lords and ,gentlemen7 to work upon4 ,the ,treasures buried under these heads1 both for ,war1 ,peace1 and ,pleasure1 being inexhaustible2 ,i beseech you pardon me if ,i say so2 it seems a ,vanity1 but comprehends a ,truth2 since no good ,spring but becomes the more plentiful by how much more it is drawn1 and the ,spinner to weave his web is never stinted but further inforc'd4 ,the more then that you shall be pleased to make use of my ,inventions1 the more ,inventive shall you ever find me1 one ,invention begetting still another1 and more and more improving my ability to serve my ,king and you2 and as to my heartiness therein there needs no addition1 nor to my readiness a spur4 ,and therefore 7my ,lords and ,gentlemen7 be pleased to begin1 and desist not from commanding me till ,i flag in my obedience and endeavours to serve my ,king and ,country4 ,for certainly you'l find me breathless first t' expire1 ,before my hands grow weary1 or my legs do tire4 ,yet abstracting from any ,interest of my own1 but as a ,fellow-,subject and ,compatriot will ,i ever labour in the ,vineyard1 most heartily and readily obeying the least summons from you1 by putting faithfully in execution1 what your ,judgments shall think fit to pitch upon amongst this ,century of ,experiences1 perhaps dearly purchased by me1 but now frankly and gratis offered to you4 ,since my heart 7methinks7 cannot be satisfied in serving my ,king and ,country1 if it should cost them any thing2 ,as ,i confess when ,i had the honour to be neare so obliging a ,master as ,his late ,majesty of happy memory1 who never refused me his ,ear to any reasonable motion3 ,and as for unreasonable ones1 or such as were not fitting for him to grant1 ,i would rather to have dyed a thousand deaths1 then ever to have made any one unto him4 ,yet whatever ,i was so happy as to obtain for any deserving ,person1 my ,pains1 ,breath and ,interest imployed therein satisfied me not1 unless ,i likewise satisfied the ,fees2 but that was in my ,golden ,age4 ,and even now1 though my ability and means are shortened1 the world knows why my heart remains still the same2 and be you pleased 7my ,lords and ,gentlemen7 to rest most assured1 that the very complacency that ,i shall take in the executing your ,commands shall be unto me a sufficient and an abundantly-satisfactory reward4 ,vouchsafe therefore to dispose freely of me1 and whatever lieth in my power to perform2 first1 in order to ,his ,majesty's service2 secondly1 for the good and advantage of the ,kingdom2 thirdly1 to all your satisfactions1 for particular profit and pleasure to your individual selves1 professing that in all and each of the three respects ,i will ever demean my self as it best becomes1 ,my ,lords and ,gentlemen1 ,your most passionately-bent ,fellow-,subject in ,his ,majesty's service1 ,compatriot for the publick good and advantage1 and a most humble ,servant to all and every of you1 ,,worcester4 ,a ,,century ,,of ,,the ,names and ,scantlings of ,inventions by me already practised4 99499 ,the numerals refer to variations in the reading1 afforded by the ,harleian ,,ms42 except when marked ,p1 to distinguish the unauthorised and other alterations made by ,mr4 ,partington1 in his edition of #ahbe4 ,i4 ,several sorts of ,seals1 some shewing by scrues1 others by gages1 fastening or unfastening all the marks at once2 others by additional points and imaginary places1 proportionable to ordinary#a ,escocheons #bc and ,seals at ,arms1 each way palpably and punctually setting down 7yet private from all others1 but the ,owner1 and by his assent7 the day of the ,moneth1 the day of the ,week1 the ,moneth of the ,year1 the ,year of our ,lord1 the names of the ,witnesses1 and the individual place where anything was sealed1 though in ten thousand several places1 together with the very number of lines contained in a ,contract1 whereby falsification may be discovered1 and manifestly proved1 being upon good grounds suspected4 ,upon any of these ,seals a man may keep ,accompts of ,receipts and disbursments from one ,farthing to an hundred millions1 punctually shewing each pound1 shilling1 peny or farthing4 ,by these seals likewise any ,letter1 though written but in ,english1 may be read and understood in eight several languages1 and in ,english it self to clean contrary and different sense1 unknown to any but the ,correspondent1 and not to be read or#d understood by him neither1 if opened before it arrive unto him2 so that neither ,threats1 nor hopes of ,reward1 can make him reveal the secret1 the ,letter having been intercepted1 and first opened by the ,enemy4 ,footnotes #a ,escocheon is the old heraldic term4 #b ,escucheons4 ,,ms4 #c ,escutcheons4 ,p4 #d nor to be4 ,seals abundantly-significant4 ,under this title the present article is referred to in the 8,index10 given by the ,marquis1 at the end of the first edition of his 8,century10 while the articles themselves are only distinguished by consecutive numerals4 ,therefore1 without deranging the original form of the 8,century10 the designation of the several articles will appear throughout1 as above1 at the head of each comment4 ,the author1 never having met with any attempt to elucidate the mechanical arrangement here suggested1 communicated a plan that occurred to him in #ahbi1 soon after reading the foregoing1 which was as follows3-- ,a ,cipher ,seal4 ,amidst the variety of inventions for giving security to property1 few improvements have been made in seals or signets4 ,i shall proceed to describe a cipher seal1 which1 though not1 perhaps1 so 8abundantly significant0 as those described by the ,marquis of ,worcester1 might1 nevertheless1 be applied to very important uses1 inasmuch as the face of the seal may be varied at pleasure4 ,illustration3 ,a ,cipher ,seal ,fig4 #a4 ,a1 the seal handle2 ,b1 the seal made moveable on the pivots at c c4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is a section of the seal4 ,it consists of two metal plates1 ,b ,b1 and ,d ,d1 having a number of corresponding holes drilled through them1 as at a a a a1 and b b b b1 into which the ends of small rollers1 a b1 a b1 are made to fit and turn exactly4 ,when all the holes are supplied with rollers1 the plates1 ,b ,b1 ,d ,d1 are retained at a proper distance by a metal rim1 soldered to the edges of the plates4 ,the ends of the rollers being thus exposed1 and ground level with the surface of each plate1 are to have a groove cut in each1 similar to a screw head2 this is to be effected by cutting lines from end to end of the plate1 as shown at e e1 e e1 ,fig4 #a4 ,with a graver a small dot is next to be made1 all to the right on one plate1 and all to the left on the other2 or1 vice versa1 of each line occupying the small circular end of each roller4 ,it is now evident that1 by using a small chisel-shaped steel instrument1 or key1 with which to turn the roller1 the small dotted line on its end1 may be so varied as to form any alphabetical arrangement4 ,the position of the dotted line admits of sufficient variety to take in #bd letters1 distinct enough to the eye1 without increasing the size of the seal4 ,in this alphabet only three variations are supposed to be made from the horizontal and perpendicular1 one very slight on either side1 the other greater1 and the third at an angle of #de4 ,it only requires a transposition of the letters to produce a correspondence which shall be private between two persons4 ,the use of two faces to the seal is obvious1 one serving to compose on1 and the other1 being a reverse1 to make an impression on the wax4 ,were this not the case1 a sentence would have to be written from right to left4 ,its use might be multiplied by making each cipher refer to an entire word or sentence2 as1 if a1 stood for men2 b1 for horses2 c1 food2 d1 money2 and so forth3 a mode which it would be next to impossible for any third party to decipher4--,see ,mechanics' ,mag4 vol4 x4 #b4 ,how ten thousand ,persons may use these seals to all and every of the purposes aforesaid1 and yet keep their secrets#e from any but whom they please4 ,footnote #e secrets private4 ,seals private and particular to each owner4 ,the present is one of those articles of a nature already noticed in the introduction1 which can scarcely be classed as an independent invention2 it is in fact little1 if any1 more than some intricate application of the foregoing1 a mere step beyond the more obvious employment of such seals4 ,we may consider the first as the instrument1 and ,no4 #b as an ingenious table1 by the aid of which to construct alphabets1 words1 or sentences4 #c4 ,a ,cypher and ,character so contrived1 that one line1 without returns and#f circumflexes1 stands for each and every of the #bd4 ,letters2 and as ready to be made for the one letter as the other4 ,footnote #f or--for and4 ,an one-line ,cypher4 ,a line to be continuous1 and yet capable of signifying a series of letters1 must be curved4 ,a method of performing this occurred to the author some years ago1 which affords a very simple key1 being composed from the ,circle and the ,ellipsis1 and can be1 therefore1 very readily kept in mind4 ,the first affords only one figure1 the second can be varied to one vertical and two inclined figures1 and all can be again varied as to size1 but for convenience only three gradations are recommended1 as four or more would increase the difficulty of writing accurately4 ,these varieties are shown in the annexed diagram-- ,illustration3 ,a one line ,cipher where each is described three-fold1 with a horizontal line through the centre4 ,each figure thus affords three varieties of size above1 and three below the line1 making six figures each1 or twenty-four in all1 as curvilinear signs for letters4 ,these taken in rotation1 may be extended as above1 or in any arbitrary order1 and each employed1 as in short-hand1 to signify letters1 syllables1 or words4 ,in practice it is only requisite to bear in mind the three gradations of size1 so as never to mistake the middle semicircle for the outer ones4 ,this is to be avoided by invariably making the small figure as small as possible1 and the greater figure as large as space will permit4 #d4 ,this invention refined1 and so abreviated that a point onely sheweth distinctly and significantly any of the #bd4 letters2 and these very points to be made with two pens1 so that no time will be lost1 but as one finger riseth the other may make the following letter1 never clogging the memory with several figures for words1 and combination#g of letters2 which with ease1 and void of confusion1 are thus speedily and punctually1 letter for letter1 set down by naked and not multiplied points4 ,and nothing can be less then a point1 the ,mathematical definition of#h being ,cujus pars nulla4 ,and of a motion#i no swifter imaginable then#a ,semiquavers or ,releshes1 yet applicable to this manner of writing4 ,footnotes #g combinations4 ,p4 #h of it4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #i motion1 equally as swift as semiquavers4 ,p4 #a than what expresseth even4 ,reduced to a ,point4 ,a man of the ,marquis of ,worcester's ingenious cast of mind could readily have made up the entire 8,century0 out of these systems of alphabets and secret writing4 ,he may have been acquainted with 8,traict des ,chiffres1 ou ,secretes ,manieres d'escrire1 par ,blaise de ,vigenere1 ,bourbonnois40 #dto4 ,paris1 #aehf--now very scarce2 but indeed there were many learned works on the subject1 among which ,trithemius's 8,libri ,polygraphia ,,vi10 #afjj1 was conspicuous4 ,the long disuse of such methods of secretly conveying information1 has reduced the cleverest of these systems of ,cryptographia in public estimation4 ,but1 at the same time1 these inventions were quite consistent with the early times in which the ,marquis flourished4 ,we shall see1 in the next article1 what probably illustrates this proposed use of a mere point or dot4 #e4 ,a way by a ,circular motion1 either along a ,rule or ,ring-wise1 to vary any ,alphabet1 even this of ,points1 so that the self-same ,point individually placed1 without the least additional mark or variation of place1 shall stand for all the #bd4 letters1 and not for the same letter twice in ten sheets writing2 yet as easily and certainly read and known1 as if it stood but for one and the self-same letter constantly signified4 ,varied significantly to all the #bd4 letters4 ,this and the former article may certainly be taken in connection with each other2 and the cipher engraved in ,no4 #c1 would seem to anticipate the present proposal of 8a circular motion along a rule40 ,the 8ring-wise0 method may have been no more than a substitution for the octagon or any other figure4 ,we fortunately find among the ,harleian ,,mss4 in the ,british ,museum1 ,no4 #bdbh1 a probable clue to this particular method of writing1 which we shall give entire4 ,it forms the first portion of the small oblong folio volume containing the ,manuscript ,century at the end1 with many intervening blank pages between them4 ,it is as follows3-- 8,an explanation of the most exact and most compendious way of short writing4 ,and an example given by way of ,questions1 and ,resolves upon each significant point1 proving how1 and why1 it stands for such and such a letter1 in order ,alphabetically placed in every page4 8,a4 ,q4 ,how is a point made to signifie an ,a4 ,resol4 ,by being placed between the constant center of the square and the right side thereof in a streight line not touching it4 ,see diagram at the end4 ,it is proved by drawing a line from the said center towards1 and not to touch the right side line1 and then you will finde the line placed under an ,a of the ,alphabett in each page4 8,b4 ,q4 ,how is a point made to signifie a ,b4 ,res4 ,by being placed between the center of the square1 towards the right corner upper angle of the ,octagon1 or square devided in to eight ,angles1 not touching the line thereof4 ,it is proved by drawing an oblique line from the center1 towards the right corner upper angle1 yett not touching the line thereof1 and then you will finde it to bee the line placed under a ,b1 in the ,alphabett of each page4 ,in like manner lett there be a ,question1 and a ,proofe made of all the other ,letters in order and you will finde-- 8,c4 ,the ,c4 to bee placed in a streight line from the center upwards1 but not arriving to the upper side line of the square4 8,d4 ,the ,d4 in an oblique line towards the left upper corner line but not touching it4 8,e4 ,the ,e4 in a streight line between the center of the left side line1 butt not touching it4 8,f4 ,the ,f4 in an oblique line downwards1 towards the left angle line1 butt not touching it4 8,g4 ,the ,g4 in a streight line downwards from the center1 likewise towards the lower line of the square not touching it4 8,h4 ,the ,h4 in an oblique line downwards towards the right angle line1 butt not touching it4 8,i4 ,the ,i4 in a streight line from the center to the midle of the right side line4 8,k4 ,the ,k4 in an oblique line from the center to the right upper angle touching it4 8,l4 ,the ,l4 in a streight line from the center upwards1 and touching the upper line4 8,m4 ,the ,m4 in an oblique line from the center towards the left upper corner line touching it4 8,n4 ,the ,n4 in a streight line from the center to the midle of the left side line4 8,o4 ,the ,o4 in an oblique line from the center downwards1 towards the left corner touching the line thereof4 8,p4 ,the ,p4 in a right line from the center downwards touching the lower side line4 8,q4 ,the ,q4 in an oblique line downwards towards the right corner touching the line thereof4 8,r4 ,the ,r4 in a streight line from the center to the outside1 and furthest line of the right midle and opposite chequer touching it4 8,s4 ,the ,s4 in an oblique line from the center1 and passing the right upper corner line4 8,t4 ,the ,t4 in a streight line from the center and passing the upper-side line of the square4 8,v4 ,the ,v4 in an oblique line from the center upwards passing the left upper corner line4 8,w4 ,the ,w4 in a streight line from the centre to the left outside and furthest line of the left midle and opposite chequer4 8,x4 ,the ,x4 in an oblique line downwards passing the left lower corner line4 8,y4 ,the ,y4 in a streight line downwards passing the lower side or bottome line4 8,z4 ,the ,z4 in an oblique line downwards passing the right corner line of the square4 8,the ,chequers are five in number1 which of either outside show the vowells1 and each ,chequer haveing two corners inwards of each side make tenn1 those towards the preceding square may conteyne of the #bd letters1 and the opposite corners as many ,alphabetically1 and the centers of the two upper ,chequers square1 and of the two lower shew the other #d letters2 ,the #bj in the ,chequers are noted by a separation of a corner in the printed ,alphabett1 and the #d by the midde points4 8,it is for curiosity and secresy to bee deservedly observed that whether in squares or chequers single points only stand for letters1 and they being varyed att pleasure1 it is in any ones power to keepe his secrett from me or any other not made acquainted with the denominations by him given to the severall points1 and accordingly by him marked in the #bd blank squares1 and rowes of chequers placed under the ,alphabett in his private explanation easily to be framed by him mutatis mutandis1 only that is making the questions and resolves according to his points as they represent the letters to his owne fancy keept private from others without his consent4 8,the points are to bee written1 and reade as they precede1 or as they are the one above the other1 unlesse they have a sequell distinction made by takeing the penn of the paper thus without further losse of tyme1 and such as are soe marked1 must be written and read as the others they being soe made1 but for husbanding of paper1 the word being soe conteyned in lesse roome1 the e at the end of most words prolonging butt the sillable1 and all needlesse and unsounding letters are to bee omitted2 ,i will not trouble you with more rules leaving the rest to practice40 ,the preceding description is written on small oblong pages1 which measure #aa by #g inches1 the whole surface of the unwritten portions being covered with an engraved pattern1 of which ,fig4 #a is but a portion of the top left-hand corner1 and therefore proceeds no further than letter h1 which ends the application of that particular figure4 ,illustration3 ,the ,marquis's ,cipher ,fig4 #b4 ,gives the next form for #h other similar situations1 commencing at i4 ,and-- ,fig4 #c4 ,is again #h more1 commencing at r2 making in all #bd characters or letters4 ,we thus see how1 whether by a dot1 or a short line of three gradations in length1 an entire alphabet may be obtained4 ,on page #ahj of 8,the ,life of the ,marquis of ,worcester10 is the facsimile of a letter written by his ,lordship about #afdf-g1 apparently adopting this very cipher4 ,it occurs in a volume1 entitled 8,carte ,papers1 #afcd-eg4 ,ireland1 ,no4 #fc10 in the ,bodleian ,library4 ,it is worth remarking here1 that the foregoing description1 with its accompanying brass-plate engravings1 looks exceedingly like an instalment of his promise1 conveyed to us in the concluding lines of the #ajjth ,article4 #f4 ,how at a ,window1 far as ,eye can discover#b black from white1 a man may hold discourse with his ,correspondent1 without noise made or notice#c taken2 being1 according to occasion given and means afforded1 ,ex re nat1 and no need of ,provision before-hand2 though much better if foreseen1 and means prepared for it1 and a premeditated course taken by mutual consent of parties4 ,footnotes #b discern4 #c noise--for1 notice4 ,p4 #g4 ,a way to do it by night as well as by day1 though as dark as ,pitch is black4 ,a mute and perfect discourse by colours4 ,to hold the same by night4 ,these two may be ranked as the same system1 the one used by day1 the other illuminated to be conspicuous at night4 ,as early as #afeh1 ,john ,baptista ,porta1 in his 8,natural ,magick10 entitled the last chapter of his #afth ,book1 8,by night we may make signs by fire40 ,we have here a simple system of telegraphy1 the only examples afforded by the 8,century10 of this particular mode of correspondence4 #h4 ,a way how to level and shoot ,cannon by night as well as by day1 and as directly2 without a platform or measures taken by day1 yet by a plain and infallible rule4 ,to ,level ,cannons by ,night4 ,in #aehg was published1 8,the ,arte of shooting in great ,ordnaunce10 by ,william ,bourne4 ,among other matters in the table of contents are the following3-- 8,the #ajth ,chapter showeth how to mount a mortar piece1 for to lay the shot at any distance appointed4 8,the #acth ,chapter is1 how to give level at a mark upon a hill or valley with a quadrant4 8,the #bdth ,chapter is1 how for to batter the walls of any town1 as well by night as by day4 8,the #beth ,chapter doth declare how to plant ordnance by night1 to batter the walls of any town1 or displace any ordnance in any bulwarks1 or any such other like1 as well by night as by day40 ,and-- 8,the #bfth ,chapter doth declare how for to keep a haven1 or river1 on the sea coast1 for to sink a ship1 as well by night as by day in all points40 ,on the subject of levelling great guns1 ,fludd's 8,historia ,macrosmi10 #afah1 would afford abundant suggestions1 with three copper-plate engravings1 showing the operation of using the quadrant4 #i4 ,an ,engine1 portable in ones ,pocket1 which may be carried and fastened on the inside#d of the greatest ,ship1 ,tanquam aliud agens1 and at any appointed minute1 though a week after1 either of day or night1 it shall irrecoverably sink that ,ship4 ,footnote #d the side4 ,a ,ship-destroying ,engine4 ,in #aegh1 ,william ,bourne1 in his 8,inventions or ,devices10 had in the #agth article1 suggested1 8,how for to sink a ship that hath laid you aboard1 without shooting of ordnance40 ,and again in his 8,arte of shooting in great ordnaunce10 published in #aehg1 the #efth ,chapter1 suggests a mode 8to sink a ship40 ,the whole passage in the 8,century0 is abundantly obscure4 ,the smallness of the ,engine suggests some explosive missile1 connected with clock-work1 as the only means to insure its being compact and operating on a precise day at a stated point of time4 ,but his inventive faculty once stimulated1 even by the notices of ,bourne1 would speedily lead him to many ingenious contrivances4 #aj4 ,a way from a mile off to dive and fasten a like ,engine to any ,ship1 so as it may punctually work the same effect either for time or execution4 ,how to be fastened from aloof and under water4 ,the wording of this article so far differs from the title as to allude only to diving1 or a kind of submarine navigation1 but gives no intimation of the fastening 8aloof20 so that this latter may refer to any part of the ship's sides above her water-line4 8,mersennius10 observes ,bishop ,wilkins1 8doth largely and pleasantly descant concerning the making of a ship1 wherein men may safely swim under water40 ,he further declares1 that 8such a contrivance is feasible1 and may be effected1 is beyond all question1 because it hath been already experimented here in ,england by ,cornelius ,dreble40 ,he next considers various schemes1 and mentions as one of the advantages of such a submarine vessel1 that1 8,it may be of very great advantage against a navy of enemies1 who by this means may be undermined in the water and blown up40--,math4 ,magick1 #afdh1 p4 #agh4 ,among the ,sloane ,,mss4 ,no4 #daei1 in the ,british ,museum1 is one for a means of destroying an entire fleet with one ship4 ,it is endorsed1 8,a proposition sent to ,mr4 ,augier1 from ,paris10 and the following is a copy3--8,a person who makes profession of honour1 and saith he hath had the good fortune8 to have been known of ,sir ,oliver ,flemming during his public employments abroad1 doth propound to a friend of yours that by a secret he hath he can1 with one ship alone1 break what naval army or fleet1 c40 ,in #aeif1 the celebrated ,john ,napier1 of ,merchiston1 wrote a statement of four 8,secret ,inventions10 concluding with the remark3 8,these inventions1 besides devices of sailing under the water1 with divers other devices and stratagems for harming of the enemies1 by the grace of ,god1 and work of expert craftsmen1 ,i hope to perform40 ,the original ,,ms4 anno #aeif1 is in the ,lambeth ,library1 ,no4 #feh4 ,there is an article in ,tilloch's 8,philosophical ,magazine10 ,vol4 #ah1 for #ahjd1 reviewing a ,memoir of ,lord ,napier of ,merchiston4 ,on his device for sailing under water1 the writer observes3--8,the famous ,dutch philosopher1 ,cornelius ,drebell1 the reputed inventor of the microscope and the thermometer1 constructed for ,james ,i4 a subaqueous vessel1 which he tried on the ,thames1 and which carried twelve rowers1 besides some passengers1 for whom the effete air was again rendered respirable by a liquor1 the composition of which ,drebell never would communicate to more than one person1 and that person told ,mr4 ,boyle what it was40 ,the ,marquis1 might1 likewise1 even be acquainted with ,napier's statement of his secret inventions4 ,evelyn1 in his ,diary1 informs us on the #ast of ,august1 #afff1 8,i went to ,dr4 ,keffler1 who married the daughter of the famous chymist1 ,drebbell1 inventor of the bodied scarlet40 ,on which his editor1 ,mr4 ,bray1 remarks1 8,cornelius ,van ,drebbell1 born at ,alkmaar1 in ,holland1 in #aegb2 but in the reign of ,charles ,i4 settled in ,london1 where he died in #afcd4 ,he was famous for other discoveries in science--the most important of which was the thermometer4 ,he also made improvements in microscopes and telescopes2 and though1 like many of his scientific contemporaries1 something of an empiric1 possessed a considerable knowledge of chemistry1 and of different branches of natural philosophy40--,diary1 vol4 ii4 p4 #i4 ,pepys1 in his ,diary1 under date the #adth of ,march1 #affb1 says3 8,this afternoon came the ,german1 ,dr4 ,knuffler1 to discourse with us about his engine to blow up ships4 ,we doubted not the matter of fact1 it being tried in ,cromwell's time1 but the safety of carrying them in ships2 but he do tell us1 that when he comes to tell the ,king his secret1 for none but the ,kings1 successively1 and their heirs must know it1 it will appear to be of no danger at all40--,pepys' ,diary1 ed4 #aheh1 vol4 i4 p4 #bfd4 ,dr4 ,robert ,hooke1 in his 8,philosophical ,collections10 published in #afgi1 has 8an account of ,jo4 ,alphon4 ,borellius's ,de ,mo4 ,animalium10 two volumes quarto1 containing1 among other things1 8,a way to make a submarine vessel1 whereby several persons may pass together from place to place under water1 accommodated with two ways to move it to and fro1 and to make it rise and sink in the water1 c4 ,it is supposed it may be much like that which ,mersennus long since published40 ,the ,american engineer1 ,robert ,fulton1 turned his attention to this subject1 and published 8,torpedo ,war1 and ,sub-marine ,explosions10 #dto4 ,new ,york1 #ahaj4 #aa4 ,how to prevent and safeguard any ,ship from such an attempt by day or night4 ,how to prevent both4 ,some armour or alarum is probably proposed1 which should be either invulnerable1 or when struck indicate the presence of the enemy's 8portable pocket engine10 intended 8irrecoverably to sink the ship20 not by merely perforating a single hole1 but by a powerful disruptive explosion1 rending asunder all the timbers4 ,but the whole passage is so abundantly obscure that all opinion on the matter goes for very little4 #ab4 ,a way to make a ,ship not possible to be sunk though shot#d an hundred times betwixt wind and water by ,cannon1 and should#e lose a whole ,plank1 yet in half an hours time should be made as fit to sail as before4 ,footnotes #d shot at4 ,p4 #e she lose4 ,p4 ,an unsinkable ,ship4 ,as early as #aehc1 appeared 8,a ,note of sundry sorts of ,engines10 without the author's name4 ,the #bjth and last of these is3--8,to preserve a boat from drowning and the people that be therein40 ,see ,j4 ,o4 ,halliwell's ,rara ,mathematica4 ,considering the state of ship-building in #afee1 the foregoing plan must have been some very primitive scheme2 but1 rendering vessels unsinkable1 has long been a favourite subject with inventors4 #ac4 ,how to make such false ,decks as in a moment should kill and take prisoners as many as should board the ,ship1 without blowing the#f ,decks up1 or destroying them from being reducible1 and in a quarrer#g of an hours time should recover their former shape1 and be made fit for any imployment without discovering the secret4 ,footnotes #f the real4 ,p4 #g read quarter4 ,false destroying ,decks4 ,william ,bourne1 in his 8,inventions of ,devices10 #aegh1 devotes the 8,third device0 to show--8,how to use a plain or open deck hatches1 that it is not possible to enter the ship without spoiling of the enemies40 #ad4 ,how to bring a force to weigh up an ,anchor1 or to do any forcible exploit in the narrowest or#h lowest room in any ,ship1 where few hands shall do the work of many2 and many hands applicable to the same force1 some standing1 others sitting1 and#i by virtue of their several helps a great force augmented in little room1 as effectual as if there were sufficient space to go about with an ,axle-tree1 and work far from the ,centre4 ,footnotes #h and--for1 or4 #i and yet4 ,multiplied strength in little room4 ,we shall have to allude to the ambiguous use of the word 8force0 in the same sentence1 as indicating 8strength1 power1 c40 or1 8a pump1 or pump plunger10 in ,john ,bate's1 and other old works on mechanics4 ,now if we were to read this1 8,how to bring the force or plunger of a pump to weigh up an anchor1 c41 and many hands applicable to the same force or pump1 c40--we should have a statement strongly indicating the modern contrivance of the hydraulic press4 ,the concluding portion of the sentence only serves to strengthen this suggestion4 ,see 8force0 used in ,no4 #ba4 ,in #aeid1 ,edmund ,jentill1 writing to ,lord ,burghley1 mentions1 as his fourth invention3--8,a devise whereby two men may be sufficient to weigh the weightiest anchor in her ,majesty's navy1 with greater expedition than it is now done with the number now used40 ,also1 8,the like device is found for the hoisting of the main-yard with the like expedition40--,,ms4 ,lansdown1 #aac1 ,art4 #d3 and1 8,letters on ,scientific ,subjects10 edited by ,j4 ,o4 ,halliwell1 ,f4,r4,s4 #hvo4 #ahda4 #ae4 ,a way#a how to make a ,boat work it self against ,wind and ,tide1 yea both without the help of man or beast2 yet#b so that the ,wind or ,tide1 though directly opposite1 shall force the ,ship or ,boat against it self2 and in no point of the ,compass1 but it shall be as effectual1 as if the wind were in the ,pupp1#c or the stream actually with the course it is to steer1 according to which the ,oars shall row1 and necessary motions work and move towards the desired ,port or point of the ,compass4 ,footnotes #a ,a way--omitted4 #b but--for yet4 #c poop4 ,p4 ,a ,boat driving against wind and tide4 ,the wording of this article is varied as follows in the ,,ms4 of certain of his ,inventions4 ,see ,appendix ,a4 ,he therein states3-- 8,by this 7his quintessence of motion71 ,i can make a vessel1 of as great burden as the river can bear1 to go against the stream2 which1 the more rapid it is1 the faster it shall advance4 ,and the moveable part that works it1 may be1 by one man1 still guided1 to take the best advantage of the stream2 and yet to steer the boat to any point4 ,and this engine is applicable to any vessel or boat1 whatsoever1 without being1 therefore1 made on purpose2 and work these effects3--,it roweth2 it draweth2 it driveth1 if need be1 to pass ,london bridge against the stream1 at low water4 ,and a boat lying at anchor1 the engine may be used for loading or unloading40 ,he made this invention one of the four subjects in his ,patent of #affa 7see ,appendix ,b71 which again varies the reading2 but this last plainly indicates the motive power as having been a mill4 ,he proposes in his patent specification3--8,to make a boat that roweth1 draweth1 or setteth even against wind or stream1 yea1 both1 and to any part of the compass which way soever the stream runs or wind blows1 and yet the force of the wind or stream causeth its motion1 nothing being required but a steersman2 and whilest the boat stayeth to be loaded or unloaded1 the stream or wind shall perform such work as any water-mill or wind-mill is capable of40 ,among the ,harleian ,,mss4 in the ,british ,museum1 there is an ,italian book of sketches on parchment1 ,no4 #cbha1 attributed to the #aeth century1 entitled1 8,delineationes ,machinarum20 from one of the pen and ink drawings of which the annexed engraving is a reduced copy4 ,it is a paddle boat of a very primitive form1 to be operated by men working at two crank handles4 ,the ,marquis seems to have had a very similar idea1 only employing the mechanical arrangements of a suitable wind or water-mill4 ,illustration3 ,ancient ,paddle ,boat ,in that fine work1 8,vitruvia de ,architectura10 folio1 ,como1 #aeba1 there is an engraving of a large vessel propelled by paddles1 worked by animal power2 therefore1 so far as such a mode of propulsion is concerned1 paddle-wheels are of very ancient origin4 ,in #aegd1 ,ralph ,rabbards,j presented to ,queen ,elizabeth1 through the medium of the venerable ,lord ,burghley1 a list of twenty-five inventions4 ,the #bdth is3--8,the rarest engine that was ever invented for sea service4 ,a vessel in manner of a galley or galliotte to pass upon the seas and rivers without oars or sail1 against wind and tide1 swifter than any that ever hath been seen2 of wonderful effect both for intelligence1 and many other admirable exploits1 almost beyond the expectation of man40 ,william ,bourne1 in his 8,inventions or ,devices10 published in #aegh1 most of which he claims to be his own projects1 yet acknowledging some to have been borrowed1 offers the following in the #aith ,device without comment3--8,and furthermore you may make a boat to go without oars or sayle1 by the placing of certain wheels on the outside of the boat1 in that sort1 that the arms of the wheels may go into the water1 and so turning the wheels by some provision1 and so the wheels shall make the boat to go40 ,this is followed by another application1 being the #bjth ,device3--8,and also1 they make a water-mill in a boat1 for when that it rideth at an anchor1 the tide or stream will turn the wheels with great force1 and these mills are used in ,france1 c40 ,in #aehc1 proposals were made for #bj different inventions1 but the author's name does not appear4 ,the #aith is3--8,to make a boat to go fast on the water without oar or saile20 but this is all we learn of his project4 ,see 8,rara ,mathematica10 edited by ,j4 ,o4 ,halliwell1 ,f4,r4,s4 c4 #hvo4 #ahda4 ,in #aeid1 ,edmund ,jentill addressed to ,lord ,burghley two communications respecting his inventions4 ,the last he names thus3--8,a device wonderful strange is also found out1 whereby a vessel of burden may easily and safely be guided both against wind and tide40 ,,ms4 ,lansdown1 #aac1 ,art4 #d2 and 8,letters on ,scientific ,subjects10 edited by ,j4 ,o4 ,halliwell1 ,f4,r4,s4 c4 #hvo4 #ahda4 ,cressy ,dymock1 in his letter published by ,hartlib in the 8,legacie2 or an enlargement of the ,discourse of ,husbandry10 #dto4 #afea1 describing what he saw at ,wicklesen1 mentions--8a pretty kind of ,pinnace with ordinance1 somewhat like a close litter1 but flat-bottomed2 which rowed with wheeles instead of oares1 imployed it seemes formerly with admirable successe1 for the taking in of ,crowland1 and which gave me a proofe of what ,i for many years have thought possible1 and of very great use and service1 and still think it of unknowne value1 if it were skilfully indeed framed1 and applyed as it might be40 p4 #aaj4 ,samuel ,cotton1 on the #bhth of ,january1 #afai1 obtained a patent for making and erecting mills upon barges or lighters in the river ,thames4 ,david ,ramsey and ,thomas ,wildgoose1 on the #agth of ,january1 #afah1 patented1 among various other inventions1 one 8to make boats for the carriage of burthens and passengers run upon the water as swift in calms and more safe in storms than boats full sailed in great winds40 ,david ,ramsey includes in his patent of #bast of ,january1 #afcj1 his invention 8to make boats1 ships1 and barges to go against the wind and tide40 ,and ,dr4 ,thomas ,grent1 on the #bjth of ,july1 #afcb1 patented a plan 8for a more speedy passage of calmed ships40 ,in #afdj1 ,edward ,ford1 patented his invention1 whereby he can make all boats1 c4 8go faster against wind and tide than now they use to do1 with half the men they have formerly used40 ,it is stated in 8,frier ,bacon's discovery of the ,miracles of ,art1 c40 published in #abmo4 #afei1 that--8,it is possible to make engines to sail withal1 as that either fresh or salt water vessels may be guided by the help of one man1 and made sail with a greater swiftness1 than others will which are full of men to help them40 ,chap4 iv4 p4 #ag4 ,in 8,humane ,industry10 #affa1 chap4 #aj1 p4 #aed1 it is noticed--8,the ancients had a way to drive their ships without oar or sail1 so that they could never be wind bound40 ,and at page #aee1 it is observed that--8,scaliger doth aver1 that he could make a ship that could steer herself40 ,thomas ,togood and ,james ,heyes1 in #affb1 patented their invention for the making of ships to sail without the assistance of wind or tide4 #af4 ,how to make a ,sea-castle or ,fortification ,cannon-proof1 and#d capable of a thousand men1 yet sailable at pleasure to defend a passage1 or in an hours time to divide it self into three ,ships as fit and trimm'd to sail as before3 ,and even whilest it is a ,fort or ,castle they shall be unanimously steered1 and effectually be driven by an indifferent strong wind4 ,footnote #d and--omitted4 ,p4 ,a ,sea-sailing ,fort4 ,vitruvius1 ,vegetius1 and many ancient writers supply a variety of schemes to direct an inventor's ingenuity4 ,the idea of such a construction1 to divide into three or more sailing vessels is likewise suggested1 in many early designs1 although no doubt very different in some details4 ,but the peculiarity hitherto unnoticed1 of the present invention1 consists in the propelling and steering by means of an artificial current of air4 ,it is very clear that the ,marquis had discovered some pneumatic mode of propulsion4 ,there is no inconsistency in the idea of the same means being adapted for both steering and propelling alternately4 ,even within the last few years extensive experiments have been made1 in which air-pumps were used to compress the air beneath an inclined plane under the stern1 which in flowing upwards gave motion to the vessel4 #ag4 ,how to make upon the ,thames a floting ,garden of pleasure1 with ,trees1 ,flowers1 ,banquetting-,houses1 and ,fountains1 ,stews for all kind of fishes1 a reserve for ,snow to keep ,wine in1 delicate ,bathing-places1 and the like2 with musick made with#e ,mills3 and all in the middest of the stream1 where it is most rapid4 ,footnote #e by--for with4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,a pleasant floating ,garden4 ,there appears to be little more invention here than in the contrivance of so much variety1 and the selecting of 8the stream where it is most rapid10 to give motion to the water-mills to work the bellows for producing the promised music2 as well as to raise water high enough to obtain a pressure of it for making the snow4 ,the whole offers one of those raree-show designs in which our great-grandfathers delighted1 and the descriptions of which formed the staple of their scientific discussions in polite society4 #ah4 ,an ,artificial ,fountain1 to be turned like an ,hour-glass by a child1 in the twinkling of an eye1 it#f holding great quantity#g of water1 and of force sufficient to make snow1 ice and thunder1 with a#h chirping and singing of birds1 and shewing of several shapes and effects usual to ,fountains of pleasure4 ,footnotes #f yet--for it4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #g quantities4 ,p4 #h the--for a4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,an ,hour-glasse ,fountain4 ,in a ,,ms4 among the ,marquis's papers1 the foregoing appears to be the invention indicated under the title3--8,fountains of pleasure1 with artificial snow or hail1 or thunder1 and quantity not limited40 ,see p4 #caf4 ,kircher1 ,schottus1 and others give descriptions1 with engravings of fountains1 having the external appearance of the hour-glass4 ,the process of turning may have been facilitated by the machine resting on two central pivots4 ,but it must have been of considerable size to produce an efficient hydraulic pressure engine to give forth snow and ice4 ,the thunder1 c41 would depend on plans well understood for producing stage effects1 and their introduction here1 with the music of birds1 c4 see ,article #df4 is similar to other automatic arrangements which were the wonder and delight of that age1 and a much later period4 ,in #agee1 an engine of peculiar construction1 to raise water from an ,hungarian mine1 was erected by ,m4 ,hoel1 at ,chemnitz1 which generated intense cold as the water and air rushed out together1 under great columnar pressure1 causing the formation of artificial hail1 projected with amazing force2 the effect being very analogous to the suggestions offered by the present articles1 ,nos4 #ag and #ah4 #ai4 ,a little engine within a ,coach1 whereby a child may stop it1 and secure all persons within it1 and the ,coachman himself1 though the horses be never so unruly#i in a full career2 a child being sufficiently capable to loosen#a them in what posture soever they should have put themselves1 turning never so short2 for a child can do it in the twinkling of an eye4 ,footnotes #i and running4 #a unloose4 ,p4 ,a ,coach-saving ,engine4 ,we have two other readings of this article2 the first is the #eth article in his list of a portion of his ,inventions1 7see ,appendix ,a47 as follows3--8,by this 7his quintessence of motion7 ,i can make a child1 in a coach1 to stop the horses 7running away71 and shall be able to secure himself1 and those that be in the coach2 having a little engine placed therein1 which shall not be perceived1 in what posture soever the horses draw4 ,a child's force shall be able to disengage them1 from overturning the coach1 or prejudicing anybody in it40 ,the second reading is in his patent of #affa1 7see ,appendix ,b47 wherein he offers3--8,to make an engine applicable to any coach1 by which a child of six years old may secure from danger all in the coach1 and even the coachman himself1 though the horses become never so unruly1 the child being able in the twinkling of an eye to loosen them from the coach1 in what posture soever they draw or turn1 be it ever so short1 or to either hand40 ,by means of a ,t-ended lever1 two or four bolts could be simultaneously drawn inwards1 and the horses thereby released with the greatest possible ease and certainty4 #bj4 ,how to bring up water ,balance-wise1 so that as little weight or force as will turn a ,balance will be onely needful1 more then the weight of the water within the ,buckets1 which counterpoised#b empty themselves one into the other1 the uppermost yielding its water 7how great a quantity soever it holds7 at the self#c- same time the lower-most taketh it in1 though it be an hundred fathom high4 ,footnotes #b counterpoise1 and empty4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #c self--omitted4 ,p4 ,a ,balance ,water-work4 ,it is to be regretted that we have nothing at present to aid us in offering a description at all approaching the singular construction of this hydraulic machine4 ,there are some curious designs given in the description of ,m4 ,grollier de ,servire's cabinet1 #agai1 but we have never seen any plan fully realizing the effect above indicated4 #ba4 ,how to raise water constantly with two ,buckets onely day and night1 without any other force then its own motion1 using not so much as any force1 wheel1 or sucker1 nor more pullies then one1 on which the cord or chain rolleth with a ,bucket fastened at each end4 ,this1 ,i confess1#d ,i have seen and learned#e of the great ,mathematician ,claudius#f #g his studies at ,rome1 he having made a ,present thereof unto a ,cardinal2 and ,i desire not to own any other mens#h inventions1 but if ,i set down any1 to nominate likewise the inventor4 ,footnotes #d confess to have seen4 #e in the great ,mathematician's study1 ,clauius at ,rome4 #f ,clauius4 #g ,clavius's ,studies at ,rome4 ,p4 #h man's4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,a ,bucket-fountain4 ,in the present and preceding articles the water is elevated by means of buckets1 and it was only while these pages were passing through the press that the author perceived those precise marks of distinction between the two methods of employing the buckets which enables him now to offer the following explanation of each4 ,illustration3 ,a ,balance ,water-work ,as regards ,no4 #bj1 it seems1 at first1 absurd to expect to raise water which is to be in a balance and pass from one bucket to the other4 ,but let us suppose an arrangement1 as in the subjoined engraving1 where ,a1 ,b1 is a strong vertical wooden frame carrying six metal or wooden pipes ,c1 ,c1 which can be moved simultaneously up and down on centres1 a1 a1 being connected by the iron rods1 b1 b2 these pipes are united with the top of six buckets at ,d1 ,d'1 and with the bottom of six other buckets at ,e1 ,e'4 ,the buckets ,d1 ,d'1 are also connected at the bottom with six other pipes ,f1 ,f1 each open at the end ,f1 ,f1 and so arranged that the topmost pipe passes over a pulley c1 but the other five pipes with guide rods d1 d1 at their ends1 enter the top end of the five uppermost buckets on the side ,e2 the pipe ,f1 passing over c1 delivers the contents of bucket ,d1 while the lower-most bucket ,e'1 is being replenished1 8thus the uppermost yielding its water at the same time when the lower-most taketh it in40 ,in the present position of the machine the pipes ,c1 ,c1 are inclined1 and the pipes ,f1 ,f1 are horizontal1 but when the bucket ,e' is elevated1 then these pipes will all reverse their positions1 being connected with the buckets by means of flexible leather hose1 or suitable jointed metal tubing4 ,illustration3 ,a ,bucket-fountain ,we have next to consider the present article ,no4 #ba4 ,the conditions stated require the use of but one pulley1 one cord1 and two buckets1 without any 8force0 or pump plunger1 or 8any wheel1 or sucker40 ,an arrangement so simple seems only possible to be attained by some such plan as that exhibited in the illustration given below4 ,we have here an endless chain or cord1 ,a ,b1 passing over the pulley ,c1 with a bucket ,d1 at the upper end2 and another bucket ,e1 at the lower end2 the first in the act of discharging its contents into the trough ,g1 the second re-charging with water at the level ,e4 ,this endless chain is further supplied with a series of conical or other shaped buckets1 a1 a'1 set on the endless cord in a reverse direction1 so as to receive water conveyed from an upper stream by the spout ,f1 by which means the side ,b1 of the cord will descend1 and the side ,a1 ascend1 8without any other force than its own motion10 and that 8with two buckets only1 day and night40 ,on the side a'1 the conical buckets reverse and empty themselves1 thereby lightening the ascending side ,a1 of the endless chain or cord4 #bb4 ,to make a ,river in a ,garden to ebbe and flow constantly1 though twenty foot over1 with a childs force1 in some private room or place out of sight1 and a competent distance from it4 ,an ebbing and flowing ,river4 ,in reference to this invention ,mr4 ,partington has quoted ,peter ,bogaerts' ingenious method of a canal lock1 so contrived that1 in a model1 a weight of seven pounds was made to raise ten hundred weight of water more than four feet in a few seconds4 ,but still the process of ebbing and flowing is not made out2 it does appear1 however1 that its operation requires the constant services of a boy or other attendant1 probably to keep alternately opening and closing certain sluice arrangements1 placed somewhere concealed from view2 the whole affording a water-work to amuse and surprise1 and forming a variety on the usual strange schemes attached to grottos1 caves1 c4 spouting water in every variety of form4 ,see further the comments on article ,no4 #eg1 which very probably includes the principle here employed by the ,marquis4 ,there is no communication in this article of facts requisite to direct an engineer or inventor in the adjustment of any special kind of machinery to obtain the desired ebbing and flowing river2 which is a novelty1 in this respect1 peculiar to the ,marquis of ,worcester's ingenuity4 ,he was evidently not copying or improving any anterior system of water-work4 ,the next article is but an application of this new system2 and it is not until he has taken us through descriptive hints of thirty-three totally different designs or devices1 that in ,no4 #eg1 he offers 8,a constant water-flowing and ebbing motion40 ,we think the three may be taken together1 that is1 ,no4 #eg1 refers to the principle and mechanism1 of which ,nos4 #bb and #bc1 are mere simple applications4 ,thus1 referring to what we have stated under ,no4 #eg1 the purpose named in the present article might be attained by means of two domed or bell-shaped vessels1 placed like gasometers1 but otherwise immoveable1 partially immersed in a pond1 or other artificial piece of water2 which being arranged so that1 by admitting a steam pipe into each1 the contained air could be driven out thereby1 condensation would naturally follow1 or might be accelerated2 and one vessel immediately filling with water1 while the other was emptying1 the surface of the pond or river would be kept in a continual state of agitation1 and the water might be said to 8ebb and flow constantly1 though #bj feet over40 ,no reason is assigned for proposing this modification of water work1 no advantage is pointed out1 the ,marquis doubtless depending on its apparent impossibility for its exciting and stimulating inquiry4 ,he knew how the promulgation of such a wonder would have affected his own mind1 and never imagined but that the public would feel equally inquisitive4 ,his incomprehensible truths are1 however1 often denounced1 without investigation1 as though they were false4 #bc4 ,to set a ,clock in#i a ,castle1 the#a water filling the ,trenches about it2#b it#c shall shew by ebbing and flowing the ,hours1 ,minutes and ,seconds1 and all the comprehensible motions of the ,heavens1 and ,counterlibation#d of the ,earth1 according to ,copernicus4 ,footnotes #i as within a4 ,,ms and ,p4 #a and the4 #b about it shall show the hours1 minutes1 and seconds by ebbing4 #c which--for it4 ,p4 #d counterlibration4 ,an ebbing and flowing ,castle-clock4 ,john ,bate1 in his 8,mysteries of ,nature and ,art10 #afce1 at p4 #de1 describes--8,a water-clock1 or a glasse showing the hour of the day10 by three different arrangements4 ,this article is further noticed in commenting on ,no4 #eg4 #bd4 ,how to increase the strength of a ,spring to such an height1#e as to shoot ,bumbasses and ,bullets of an hundred pound weight a ,steeple-height1 and a quarter of a mile off and more1 ,stone-bow-wise1 admirable for ,fire-works and astonishing of besieged ,cities1 when without warning given by noise they find themselves so forcibly and dangerously surprised4 ,footnote #e degree--for height4 ,p4 ,a ,strength-increasing ,spring4 ,the technical term ,,bumbasses1 or probably bombasses1 here used1 has escaped the attention of all compilers of ,archaic ,dictionaries4 ,by the context we may presume it was applied to the large stones usually fired from bombards1 and differing only from bullets in these last being made of lead or iron4 ,ancient cannon appear to have consisted of two kinds2 a large one for discharging stones1 called a ,bombard1 and a lesser one for darts4 ,in #achh1 a stone bullet1 weighing #aie pounds1 is related1 according to ,meyrick1 to have been discharged from a ,bombard1 called the ,trevisan4 ,such stone missiles may have been of the kind called by the ,marquis 8bumbasses10 and would be perhaps more properly named bombasses4 ,the ,stone-bow was the ,prodd2 probably the ,slurbowe was furnished with a barrel through a slit1 in which the string slided1 when the trigger was pulled4 ,three kinds are mentioned by ,du ,cange4 ,see ,fosbroke's ,encyclopdia of ,antiquities1 #hvo4 #ahdj4 ,bishop ,wilkins1 treating on ,catapult in his ,mathematicall ,magick1 #afdh1 observes that their usual form was 8after the manner of great bows placed on carriages1 and wound up by the strength of several persons20 adding3 8,these were sometimes framed for the discharging of two or three arrows together40 ,as the ,marquis wrote the ,century in #afee1 only seven years after ,wilkins' publication1 it is not at all unlikely that he seriously contemplated the contriving of a most useful warlike implement2 and this appears the more reasonable when we find the worthy and learned prelate advancing1 as it appeared to him1 cogent reasons in his #aith chapter1 in favour of the 8,military offensive engines used amongst the ancients10 as compared to cannon2 gravely summing up his observations with the remark--8that the force of these ,engines does rather exceed than come short of our gun-powder inventions40 ,then again on the ground of expense he shows an advantage in favour of ,ballist and ,catapult4 ,thus3 8the price of these gun-powder instruments is extremely expensive40 ,this is proved from 8a whole ,cannon weighing commonly #h1jjj pounds1 a half ,cannon #e1jjj1 a ,culverin #d1ejj1 a ,demi-culverin #c1jjj10 which 8must needs be very costly10 amounting 8to several hundred pounds10 for which sum 8at least #aj of the ancient timber made engines might be purchased06 ,then their transport was a serious matter1 for 8a whole ,cannon does require at the least #ij men1 or #af horses10 and so in proportion for others4 ,but the timber made engines are light1 and their 8materials to be found everywhere40 ,then the gun-powder is costly2 8a whole ,cannon requiring for every charge #dj pound of powder1 and a bullet of #fd pounds10 and in proportion for lesser cannon2 whereas those other engines may be charged only with stones4 ,so that only for the superior force of cannon 8those ancient inventions0 he conceives to be 8much more commodious than these later inventions40 ,among questions propounded and agreed upon1 in ,january1 #affj1 to be sent to ,teneriffe by the ,lord ,brouncker and ,mr4 ,boyle1 the fifth was1--8,try the power of a stone bow1 or other spring1 both above and below 7the hill71 and note well the difference40--,weld's ,hist4 ,royal ,society1 ,vol4 i4 p4 #ih4 #be4 ,how to make a ,weight that cannot take up an hundred pound1 and yet shall take up two hundred pound1 and#f at the self-same distance from the ,centre2 and so proportionally to millions of pounds4 ,footnote #f and--omitted4 ,a double-drawing ,engine for weights4 ,the articles ,nos4 #be1 #bg1 and #bi can only be taken as descriptive of elucidatory models1 demonstrative of the applications of a certain principle1 the result of condensation4 ,for some unaccountable reason there has been a prevalent opinion that the ,marquis was ignorant of condensation4 ,if such an opinion is grounded on his not expressly alluding to it in the 8,century10 then by the same rule it might be doubted whether he understood anything about steam6 ,but as the 8,century0 was written to remind himself1 and not to inform others of the modus operandi1 it was sufficient for his purpose to particularise only the results4 ,we can usually distinguish where he treads a beaten track1 the result of reading1 and where his course deviates into his 8fire-water-work0 experiments4 ,the former generally has its parallel in some old author2 but when the same rule is attempted to be applied to measure the others1 we find we are dealing either with a new order of things1 or else with sheer paradoxes of the most chimerical character4 ,while1 on the other hand1 follow him in his own new track of experimental research1 and we are rewarded at every step with a full and clear exposition of the wonderfully ingenious processes of inquiry by which he attained the perfection ascribed by him to his 8,water-commanding ,engine40 ,illustration3 ,a double-drawing ,engine ,in the present article it is required that a weight shall take up double its own weight1 not by the old rule of leverage1 but 8at the self-same distance from the centre40 ,in the subjoined diagram we have two cylinders ,c1 ,b1 connected at the lower end with a steam pipe1 supplied with the steam-cock ,a4 ,a cord passing over the drum wheel ,d1 is connected at its ends with the pistons ,b1 ,c2 and the whole stands in a trough ,e4 ,steam having been admitted to ,b1 and then cut off1 condensation has ensued1 the piston ,b has descended and ,c has been raised1 and along with it a quantity of water4 ,here we may take the two pistons as representing 8one hundred pound0 each1 and although they balance1 yet we thus find 8how to make a weight0 under such circumstances1 nevertheless1 take up 8two hundred pounds10 that is1 including the water4 ,a very similar kind of piston to the one here shown1 is suggested by ,fludd1 ,besson1 and others1 to be worked by a spiral spring1 which being drawn to the bottom of a cylindrical vessel1 water may be poured in above it1 and being then tightly covered1 with a lid having either an open jet or a tap in the centre1 on releasing the spiral spring1 the false bottom rising1 and pressing the liquid1 causes it to escape in a jet d'eau1 gradually diminishing as the spring relaxes4 ,the contrivance is elaborately illustrated in the #ahth folio engraving of ,besson's 8,theatrum ,instrumentorum et ,machinarum10 #aegh2 the ,marquis1 therefore1 had only to substitute steam for the spiral spring4 #bf4 ,to raise weight as#g well and as forcibly with the drawing back of the ,lever1 as with the thrusting it#h forwards2 and by that means to lose no time in motion or strength4 ,this ,i saw in the ,arcenal at ,venice4#i ,footnotes #g so--for as4 #h of it4 #i at ,venice in the arsenal4 ,a to and fro ,lever4 ,william ,bourne offers the following as his #aabth ,device1 8touching the making of engines to thrust from or pull to you with great force or strength40 ,he says1 8,and furthermore1 you may make an engine to thrust from you or to pull unto you1 to lift vp or to presse downe with great force1 eyther to goe with wheeles as before is declared1 or else to goe with skrewes or to goe with both1 as to thrust open huge and strong gates1 or else you taking good hold1 to pull them open vnto you wards1 and will make but little noyse in the doyng thereof1 but you must be sure to set the engine fast1 if to thrust from1 to be strongly and well backed1 and to pull to them it must be strongly bolstered before1 sufficient to be of force to scrue the turne40 ,illustration3 ,a to and fro ,lever ,the ,venetian arrangement may be described1 as shown in the annexed engraving1 where ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 is a frame1 the two upright sides of which ,d ,e1 are provided with a series of clicks1 appearing in the drawing like the serrated edge of a saw1 and each is so placed secured by a pin on which it moves1 as always to incline to fall outwards4 ,f1 ,f1 is a long lever1 having a stout short cross bar in the centre1 and is represented on the point of taking up on a click at a1 while it leaves one on the opposite b1 such being the to and fro motion required1 thereby losing 8no time in motion or strength40 #bg4 ,a way to remove to and fro huge weights with a most inconsiderable strength from place to place4 ,for example1 ,ten ,tunne with ten pounds1 and less2 the said ten pounds not to fall lower then it makes the ten ,tunne to advance or retreat upon a ,level4 ,illustration3 ,a most easy level ,draught ,a most easie level ,draught4 ,the weight is in this case to be moved 8with a most inconsiderable strength40 ,ten pounds1 or less1 are to be capable of moving #bb1djj pounds4 ,and the precise conditions are--8the said ten pounds not to fall lower than it makes the ten ton to advance40 ,the annexed engraving shows1 as in ,no4 #be1 two cylinders ,b1 ,c1 with their steam-pipe and valve at ,a1 having above a platform ,g1 on which is a loaded truck ,f1 attached by a cord a1 at one end passing over a pulley1 and the drum wheel ,d1 to the piston ,b2 and a second cord at the other end passing over a pulley at a'1 attached in like manner to the other piston ,c4 ,steam having been admitted to ,b1 on its condensation the piston descending draws along with it the weighted truck ,f1 while the piston ,c1 ascends1 drawing in air at ,e4 ,we thus attain the strict letter of the conditions set down1 the fall and the advance being equal4 #bh4 ,a ,bridge portable in#a a ,cart with six horses1 which in a few hours time may be placed over a ,river half a mile broad1 whereon with much expedition may#b be transported ,horse1 ,foot and ,cannon4 ,footnotes #a upon a4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #b there may be4 ,a portable ,bridge4 ,the great painter1 ,leonardo da ,vinci1 born in #adeb1 and who died at #fg years of age in #aebj1 was a man of singularly inventive talent4 ,among his other projects1 he declares3--8,i have the means of constructing light bridges1 easy of carriage1 and equally adapted to pursue or escape an enemy1 secure from fire2 and as easy to remove as to replace2 and also the means of destroying those of the enemy40 ,see an interesting ,memoir of him by ,j4 ,w4 ,brown4 #abmo4 #ahbh4 ,bourne's #idth ,device promises1 8,how you may make a bridge upon a sudden1 that a whole army of men and their carriages may pass over any river or haven1 if that it be of not too great breadth40--,see his ,inventions or ,devices1 #aegh4 ,sir ,hugh ,plat1 in his 8,jewel ,house of ,art and ,nature10 #afec1 shows1 in article ,no4 #bb1 8,how to erect or build over any brook1 or small river1 a cheap and wooden bridge of #dj or #ej feet in length1 without fastening any timber work within the water40 #bi4 ,a portable ,fortification able to contain five hundred fighting men1 and yet#c in six hours time may#d be set up1 and made ,cannon-proof1 upon the side of a ,river or ,pass1 with ,cannon mounted upon it1 and as complete as a regular ,fortification1 with ,half-moons and ,counterscarps4 ,footnotes #c yet--omitted4 #d able to be--for1 may be4 ,a moveable ,fortification4 ,vegetius1 in 8,de re militari10 #aece1 offers many similar schemes but less ambitious than the present one2 which is1 after all1 little if any more than an extension and improvement on what had previously been more or less practised4 ,in his 8,natur simia seu technica10 dated #afah1 ,robert ,fludd1 at page #dba1 gives a folio engraving of a triangular fort1 with six pieces of cannon and three gunners4 ,it appears to be on wheels1 and is pushed along by a beam running on three wheels1 having four horses yoked to it2 literally the cart before the horse4 #cj4 ,a way in one nights time to raise a ,bulwork twenty or thirty foot high1 ,cannon-proof1 and ,cannon mounted upon it1 with men to overlook1 command and batter a ,towne2 for though it contain but four ,pieces1 they shall be able to discharge two hundred ,bullets each hour4 ,a ,rising ,bulwork4 ,grose1 in his 8,military ,antiquities10 ,vol4 ,i4 ,page #cee1 notices a moveable tower1 the use of which was revived by the ,royalists in their attack on ,gloucester1 during the ,civil ,war4 ,in #afdd1 ,edmond ,felton1 gentleman1 published a pamphlet entitled1 8,engins invented to save blood and moneys20 the nature of which he 8discovered unto the ,committee for the fortifications of the ,city of ,london40 ,the ,honourable ,major ,general ,skippon attested in respect of it1 that the engine 8was of three tiers of ten muskets in a tier1 to shoot arrows withal40 ,the inventor satisfied the ,committee1 8how an engine will secure the foot from the horse1 and the soldiers from musket shot1 which engine in fair ways two men may manage at pleasure40 ,he complains of a piracy of his invention1 observing1 8,there was about twenty of the said engines made at ,oxford1 and from thence carried to ,gloucester1 to go up to the walls4 ,and had not his ,excellency the ,earl of ,essex so happily arrived to raise the siege as he did1 it was reported by some of the army1 the city was in great fear to be taken thereby2 most of which said engines the besiegers burnt1 because they should not be taken40 ,in the second volume of 8,bibliotheca ,gloucestrensis3 a collection of scarce and curious tracts1 by ,john ,washbourn1 jun4 ,gloucester4 #dto4 #ahbe10 there is a reprint of 8,corbet's ,historicall relation of the ,military ,government of ,gloucester1 #afde10 which contains this passage3 8,wherefore besides their mine and battery1 they framed great store of those unperfect and troublesome engines to assault the lower parts of the city4 ,those engines ran upon wheels1 with planks musket-proof placed on the axle-tree1 with holes for musket-shot and a bridge before it1 the end whereof 7the wheels falling into the ditch7 was to rest upon our breast works40 ,page #ed4 ,and in the reprint of 8,a briefe and exact diurnall of the siege before ,gloucester1 by ,john ,dorney1 ,esquire1 #afdc10 we meet with the following3--8,munday1 ,september #d4 ,we understood likewise that the enemy had by the direction of that ,jesuitticall ,doctor ,chillingworth1 provided great store of engines after the manner of the ,romane ,testudines cum ,pluteis1 with which they intended to have assaulted the parts of the city1 between the south and west gates4 ,these engines ran upon cart wheeles1 with a blinde of plankes musquet proofe1 and holes for foure musquetiers to play out of1 placed upon the axeltree to defend the musquetiers and those that thrust it forward1 and carrying a bridge before it2 the wheeles were to fall into the ditch1 and the end of the bridge to rest upon our brest-workes1 so making severall compleat bridges to enter the city4 ,after the raising of the siege1 we tooke all these engines1 and brought them into the towne40--,page #bbe4 ,in the first volume of this work there is a note on the two preceding passages1 in which the editor observes3--8,the plan of these machines was borrowed from the ancients4 ,various contrivances of this kind were also employed in the middle ages1 before and for a considerable time after the invention of fire-arms4 ,sometimes they used them for undermining the walls4 ,at the siege of ,ribadavia in ,spain1 during the reign of ,richard ,,ii4 similar moveable machines were used4 ,see ,froissart1 viii4 c4 #bf4 ,such an engine is also mentioned by the ,marquis of ,worcester in his ,century of ,inventions40 #ca4 ,a way how safely and speedily to make an approach to a ,castle or ,town-wall1 and over the very ,ditch at ,noon-day4 ,an approaching ,blinde4 ,vegetius1 in 8,de re militari10 #aece1 depicts and describes several kinds of these ancient military blinds1 screens1 and other contrivances and machines for protecting the attacking party4 ,at page #ae he shows a ponderous advancing screen or shield on four wheels1 and at two pages further a side view of the same1 covering a large body of soldiers4 ,some have raised1 hinged platforms1 to be lowered for crossing a ditch4 ,grose says3--8,the cattus1 cat-house1 gattus or cat1 was a covered shed1 occasionally fixed on wheels1 and used for covering soldiers employed in filling up the ditch1 c40--,military ,antiquities1 #dto4 #ahja4 #cb4 ,how to compose an universal ,character methodical and easie to be written1 yet intelligible in any ,language2 so that if an ,english-man write it in ,english1 a ,french-man1#e ,italian1 ,spaniard1 ,irish1#f ,welsh1#g being ,scholars2 yea1 ,grecian or ,hebritian shall as perfectly understand it in their owne ,tongue1 as if they were perfect#h ,english1 distinguishing the ,verbs from the ,nouns1 the ,numbers1 ,tenses and ,cases as properly expressed in their own ,language as it was written in ,english4 ,footnotes #e man--omitted4 #f ,irish and4 #g or ,welchman4 ,p4 #h perfect--omitted4 ,p4 ,an universall ,character4 ,in #affh1 the ,royal ,society ordered the printing of 8,an ,essay towards a real ,character1 and a philosophical language2 by ,john ,wilkins1 ,d4 ,d4 ,dean of ,ripon1 and ,f4 ,r4 ,s410 folio4 ,it is dedicated to the president1 ,william ,lord ,viscount ,brouncker1 and consists of a treatise of #ded pages1 to which is appended a dictionary of #aee pages4 ,the very extent of such a work is almost fatal to its acceptance1 and we must admit that it is questionable whether1 with all its learning and ingenuity1 it affords a single hint calculated to promote the intended object4 ,in relation to this subject1 the reader1 desirous of enlarged information1 could not do better than consult the recently published 8,lectures on the ,science of ,language10 by ,professor ,max ,mller1 ,m4 ,a4 ,it would be highly interesting to possess any clue whatever to the ideas of the ,marquis on this subject4 ,he was so truthful in his statements1 that he must have made a considerable advance in the discovery of means for obtaining the end proposed1 although he may have over-estimated its application1 according to our judgment4 ,of early publications on this topic we would especially notice1 8,le ,caractre universel1 par lequel toutes ,nations peuvent comprendre les conceptions l'une de l'autre en lisant par une escriture commune1 toutes leur propre langage maternelle4 ,par ,cave ,beck4 ,m4 ,a40 ,london1 #afeg1 #abmo4 ,also 8,joh4 ,j4 ,becheri ,spirensis character1 pro ,notitia ,linguarum ,universali40 ,francfort1 #affa4 ,and 8,ars signorum1 vulgo character universalis et lingua philosophica10 by ,georgius ,dalgarno3 a small #abmo4 volume in ,latin4 #affa4 ,a system of a universal alphabet has been recently proposed for telegraphic purposes1 by means of which it is believed all the sounds of the human speech may be recorded and transmitted2 mastering all the sounds which the human voice is capable of uttering in any language4 ,the proposed scheme is even said to have been severely tested by many eminent linguists4 ,it is to be hoped that the announced discovery will be found to realize all it promises1 and remunerate the ingenious inventor4 #cc4 ,to write with a ,needle and ,thred1 white1 or any#i colour upon white1 or#a any other#b colour1 so that one stitch shall significantly shew any letter1 and as readily and#c as easily shew the one letter as the other1 and fit for any ,language4 ,footnotes #i any other4 ,p4 #a or upon4 #b other--omitted4 #c and as4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,a ,needle-alphabet4 #cd4 ,to write by a knotted ,silk string1 so that every knot shall signifie any letter with ,comma1 ,full point1 or ,interrogation1 and as legible as with ,pen and ,ink upon white ,paper4 ,a knotted ,string-alphabet4 #ce4 ,the like1 by the fringe of ,gloves4 ,a ,fringe-alphabet4 #cf4 ,by stringing of ,bracelets4 ,a ,bracelet-alphabet4 #cg4 ,by ,pinck'd ,gloves4 ,a ,pinck'd ,glove-alphabet4 #ch4 ,by holes in the bottom of a ,sieve4 ,a ,sieve-alphabet4 #ci4 ,by a ,lattin or#d ,plate ,lanthorn4#e ,footnotes #d or candlestick lantern4 ,p4 #e plate candlestick ,lanthorn4 ,a ,lanthorn-alphabet4 #dj4 ,by the ,smell4 #da4 ,by the ,taste4 #db4 ,by the ,touch4 ,by these three ,senses as perfectly1 distinctly and unconfusedly1 yea as readily as by the sight4 ,an alphabet by the--,smell2 ,taste2 ,touch4 #dc4 ,how to vary each of these1 so that ten thousand may know them1 and yet#f keep the understanding part from any but their ,correspondent4 ,footnote #f yet--omitted4 ,a variation of all and each of these4 ,we have here ten ,alphabets1 concluding with a variation on each1 which1 had it been given1 would have at least increased the number to twenty1 but that was by no means the limit4 ,cipher ,alphabets are the least interesting portion of the 8,century20 we imagine we trace in them some of the ,marquis's earliest studies1 and fancy that later in life they were retained from fond recollections of the past4 ,these secret methods of corresponding are no longer of any service1 and have no interest beyond what may attach to them in connection with the history of short-hand writing1 wherein the object is rather dispatch than secrecy4 ,among early writers on the art of ,senigraphy1 and ,stenography1 are ,bright1 #aehh1 ,bales #aeij1 ,arnold ,bostius1 ,trithemius #afjj1 ,willis #afah1 ,dix #afcc1 ,wilkins #afda1 ,cartwright #afeb1 ,rich #afed1 ,falconer 78,the ,art of ,secret ,information107 #afhe1 with others4 ,john ,baptista ,porta1 a ,neapolitan of considerable eminence1 born #adde1 and who died in #aeae1 wrote 8,de ,occultis ,literarium ,notis1 ,libri quinque10 ,argent4 #afjh1 octavo1 in which he gives no less than #ahj different methods of secret writing4 ,the learned and ingenious ,bishop ,wilkins in #afda1 published his 8,mercury1 or the ,secret and ,swift ,messenger40 ,of line alphabets he says--8,who would mistrust any private news or treachery to lie hid in a thread1 wherein there was nothing to be discerned1 but sundry confused knots or other the like marks80 ,it is1 however1 easily effected by each party having like tablets marked at top with the alphabet1 and having hooks down each side for the passing and holding of a thread worked backwards and forwards1 in which action it is to have a knot made on it for the desired letter above2 making altogether words and sentences4 ,chapter #f1 is on 8,secret writing with the common letters1 by changing of their places40 ,in chapter #aa1 8,of writing by invented characters10 he says3 8,there have been some other inventions of writing by points1 or lines1 or figures40 ,chapter #ac is1 8concerning an universal character that may be legible to all nations and languages10 concluding with observations on 8,the benefit and possibility of this40 ,in chapter #ag1 we are told 8of secret and swift informations by the species of sound40 ,among others he names 8,bells10 as a species which 8may be a sufficient means1 whereby to communicate the thoughts20 and in chapter #ah1 he treats 8concerning a language that may consist only of tunes and musical notes1 without any articulate sound40 ,and lastly1 in chapter #bj1 we have 8,of informations by significatory fires and smokes40 ,among the 8variations0 the sense of ,seeing may be employed1 as proposed by ,sir ,hugh ,plat in his 8,jewel ,house of ,art and ,nature10 #afec1 in which he describes 8,how to speak by signs only without uttering of any word0--using the fingers and motions with them and the hands1 which he calls a 8conceited alphabet40--,page #ch4 ,those who are curious in such matters1 may see more at large in ,dr4 ,w4 ,hooper's ,rational ,recreations1 ed4 #agid1 #hvo4 different methods of writing in cipher1 commencing at p4 #adc1 of #ast ,vol4--thus3-- ,to communicate intelligence by a pack of piquet cards4--,the musical dial4--,the corresponding spaces4--,the musical cipher4--,rules for deciphering4--,example of a cipher written in arbitrary characters1 and the words separate from each other4--,visual correspondence2 and1 ,correspondence by bells4 #dd4 ,to make a ,key of a ,chamber door1 which to your sight hath its ,wards and ,rose-pipe but ,paper-thick1 and yet at pleasure in a minute of an hour shall become a perfect ,pistol1 capable to shoot through a ,brest-plate commonly of ,carabine-proof1 with ,prime1 ,powder and ,firelock1 undiscoverable in a strangers hand4 ,a ,key-,pistol4 ,this mere piece of ingenuity1 so pleasing to certain mechanics in working out mechanical trinkets1 might be effected by causing the removal of the key handle to expose a sufficiently strong pistol barrel1 while the 8rose pipe but paper thick0 would answer to receive1 and perform the office of retaining the key handle securely1 by which to hold it while firing this key-pistol4 ,the next part of the contrivance would be1 to make the 8wards0 serve to conceal the pistol pan1 cock1 c4 ,the description is well calculated to mislead the reader1 under the impression that the barrel itself is 8but paper-thick40 #de4 ,how to light a ,fire and a ,candle at what hour of the night one awaketh1 without rising or putting ones hand out of the bed4 ,and the same thing#g becomes#h a serviceable ,pistol at pleasure2 yet by a stranger1 not knowing the secret1 seemeth but a dexterous ,tinder-box4 ,footnotes #g to be a4 ,p4 #h becomes to be4 ,a most conceited ,tinder-box4 ,the following note from 8,humane ,industry10 #affa1 appears highly suggestive of such an instrument1 although the ,marquis's invention is more elaborate4 8,andrew ,alciat the great ,civilian of ,france1 had a kind of ,clock in his chamber1 that should awake him at any hour of the night that he determined1 and when it struck the determined hour1 it struck fire likewise out of a flint1 which fell among tinder1 to light him a candle3 it was the invention of one ,caravagio of ,sienna in ,italy40 #df4 ,how to make an artificial ,bird to fly which way and as long as one pleaseth1 by or against the wind1 sometimes chirping1 other times hovering1 still tending the way it is designed for4 ,an artificial ,bird4 ,the third article in his list of a portion of his inventions supplies a different reading1 thus3 8,by this 7his #8quint-essence of motion'7 ,i can make an artificial bird to fly which way1 and as long as ,i please40 ,appendix ,a4 ,the ,marquis1 not to be behind the curious and ingenious men of ancient times1 has here and in article ,no4 #ah1 emulated ,john ,muller of ,nuremberg1 better known as ,regiomontanus1 who was born in #adcf4 ,he is celebrated for this species of rara avis2 a self-moving and flying eagle1 and an iron fly have afforded much matter for romantic and no doubt exaggerated accounts of their performances2 the one flying a good way in the open air and returning2 the other flying from the philosopher round a table and coming back to his hand4 ,he evinced a genius of the first order as a great inventor1 and also as a promoter of the advancement of science4 ,in ,ramelli's great work on various machines1 folio1 #aehh1 the #ahgth figure offers a detailed representation of a handsomely furnished apartment1 in which a large carved sideboard sustains a gigantic vase containing a flowering shrub1 in the branches of which six birds appear in the act of singing4 ,the vase being a sectional drawing1 various pipes can be seen1 also the performer behind1 who is blowing through a single pipe into the body of the vase4 ,but the highly popular work of ,hero of ,alexandria promulgated several similar schemes4 ,he shows how to make an artificial bird sing by flowing water1 or alternately sing and be silent4 ,see ,mr4 ,woodcroft's handsome edition of ,hero's ,pneumatics1 #dto4 #ahea4 ,william ,bourne1 also1 in his 8,inventions or ,devices10 #aegh1 treats of 8birds of wood or metal made by art to fly10 and of others1 8to sing sweetly at certain hours appointed40 ,bate1 in his 8,mysteries of ,nature and ,art10 #afce1 treats1 at page #bd1 8,how to make that a bird sitting on a basis1 shall make a noise1 and drink out of a cup of water1 being held to the mouth of it20 and further1 8,advice whereby several voices of birds chirping may be heard40 ,so again ,isaac ,de ,caus1 in his 8,rare ,inventions of ,water ,works10 folio1 #afei1 at page #bj1 gives instructions--8,to counterfeit the voice of small birds by means of water and air40 ,and in ,plate ,,xiv4 8,to represent divers birds which shall sing diversly when an owl turns towards them2 and when the said owl turns back again they shall cease their singing40 ,these later examples show that the ,marquis was neither altogether original nor singular in attempting improvements in these automatic toys1 which from the time of ,hero of ,alexandria were accounted sufficiently wonderful evidence of mechanical ingenuity to attract the serious attention of even the most talented engineers of the last century4 ,of such mechanical achievements of the ingenious a full account may be read in ,montucla's edition of ,ozanam's 8,mathematical ,recreations40 ,volant automata1 as he calls them1 did not escape the attentive consideration of ,bishop ,wilkins1 and he says enough on this class of mechanical curiosities to have stimulated the mechanical ingenuity of even a less enthusiastic inventor than the ,marquis of ,worcester1 as of the wooden dove of ,archytas1 and the wooden eagle and iron fly of ,regiomontanus4 ,the ,marquis1 if he ever perused the little treatise just quoted1 would be keenly alive to the truthfulness of the remark that--8it is none of the meanest discouragements1 that any strange inventions are so generally derided by common opinion1 being esteemed only as the dreams of a melancholy and distempered fancy2 for that saying of ,virgil1 8,demens qui nimbos et non imitabile fulmen10 c4 8hath been an old censure applied unto such as ventured upon any strange or incredible attempt40--,see ,math4 ,magick1 #afdh1 p4 #aih4 ,the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,powell1 in the last chapter of his 8,humane ,industry10 #affa1 treats of various minute automata as--8,certain sports and extravagancies of art10 for which he offers an ingenious apology1 observing3 8,as nature hath her ludicra1 so art hath hers too2 that is1 some pretty knacks that are made1 not so much for use1 as to show subtilty of wit1 being made de ,gaiet de ,cur1 and for pastime as it were2 yet the workmanship and elegancy of these may justly deserve admiration20 concluding--8art1 as well as nature1 is never more wonderful than in smaller pieces40 ,after describing small chains1 locks1 chariots1 ships1 clocks1 and insects1 he remarks3--8though these knacks are but little useful1 and take up more time than needed to be lost1 yet they discover a marvellous pregnancy of wit in the artificers2 and may be experimenta lucifera1 if not frugifera hints of greater matters40 ,it will not appear strange to find the inventor of the steam engine engaged toying with an artificial bird1 an imprisoning chair1 a brazen head1 or a riding horse1 when it is remembered that for a hundred years later such automata were highly prized by the nobility and gentry1 and proved extemely lucrative to the public exhibitors of such mechanical imitations of life4 ,m4 ,vaucanson's inventions were of this chararcter1 attracting admiring audiences among the learned and the vulgar1 on the ,continent and in ,england4 ,a learned society received his communication in ,paris1 while in ,london it had the unquestionable honour of being translated by ,dr4 ,desaguliers1 who says in his preface1 8,in giving this paper an ,english dress1 ,i am still acting in my province1 which has been for many years to explain the works of art1 as well as the phenomena of nature20 and his translation is given under the following elaborate title3-- 8,an account of the mechanism of an automaton or image playing on the ,german ,flute3 as it was presented in a memoire1 to the gentlemen of the ,royal ,academy of ,sciences at ,paris4 ,by ,m4 ,vaucanson1 ,inventor and maker of the said machine4 ,together with a description of an artificial ,duck1 eating1 drinking1 macerating the food1 c4 ,as also that of another image1 no less wonderful than the first1 playing on the tabor and pipe2 as he has given an account of them since the memoir was written4 ,translated out of the ,french original1 by ,j4 ,t4 ,desaguliers1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,chaplain to his ,royal ,highness the ,prince of ,wales1 #dto4 #agdb40 #bd pages1 and an engraved frontispiece4 #dg4 ,to make a ,ball of any metal1 which thrown into a ,pool or ,pail of water shall presently rise from the bottom1 and constantly shew by the superficies of the water the hour of the day or night1 never rising more out of the water then just to the minute it sheweth of each quarter of the hour2 and if by force kept under water1 yet the time is not lost1 but recovered as soon as it is permitted to rise to the superficies#i of the water4 ,footnote #i surface4 ,p4 ,an ,hour ,water-ball4 ,the #dth article of his selected list of his inventions supplies the following varied reading3-- 8,by these 7his quintessence of ,motion7 ,i can make a ball of silver or gold1 which thrown into a pail1 or poole of water1 shall arise again to the perfect hour of any day or night4 ,the superficies of the water shall still show the hour distinctly2 even the minutes1 if ,i please40 ,see ,appendix ,a4 ,many curious specimens of these ,horologies occur in the description of ,m4 ,grollier de ,servire's cabinet1 published #agai4 #dh4 ,a scrued ,ascent1 instead of ,stairs1 with fit landing places to the best ,chambers of each ,story1 with ,back-stairs within the ,noell#a of it1 convenient for ,servants to pass up and down to the inward ,rooms of them unseen and private4 ,footnote #a ,noell1 in the ,,ms4 ,a scru'd ascent of ,stairs4 ,this title does not strictly agree with the text1 for there is a material difference between 8a screwed ascent1 instead of stairs10 and 8a screwed ascent of stairs20 the former altogether dispenses with stairs1 giving the idea of an inclined ascent without steps1 such as is employed in the construction of the ,observatory of ,copenhagen2 the width being sufficient and the ascent so gradual1 that a carriage and four may easily be driven up to the top circular gallery4 ,according to this improvement there are 8back-stairs within the noell10 that is1 the ,noel1 ,nowel1 ,noyau1 or ,newell1 a term applied to the centre round which the stairs of a circular staircase wind1 and which may be either a solid column1 or an open space4 ,such stairs are said to be neweled4 ,the great labour and expense bestowed on some kinds of staircases is well exemplified by ,evelyn in his tour of ,france1 who describes going to ,blois1 in #affd1 and seeing there a palace built by ,francis the ,first1 the staircase of which1 consisting of #bgd steps1 is mentioned by ,palladio2 he notices it as a wonderful piece of work1 from its construction having occupied #ahjj workmen during twelve years4 8,the stayre-case 7he says7 is devised with four entries or ascents1 which cross one another1 so that though four persons meet1 they never come in sight1 but by small loopholes1 till they land40--,memoirs of ,john ,evelyn1 #bnd edit4 #dto4 vol4 i4 page #ei4 #di4 ,a portable ,engine1 in way of a ,tobacco-tongs1 whereby a man may get over a wall1 or get up again being come down1 finding the coast proving#b #c unsecure unto him4 ,footnotes #b proveth insecure for him4 ,p4 #c proveth4 ,a ,tobacco-tongs ,engine4 ,the designation here given1 when published in #affc1 was doubtless generally understood1 but the smallness of the 8engine10 its very nature1 and not less1 its long discontinuance of use1 now renders the passage obscure4 ,it so happens1 however1 that a scientific experiment1 in which this humble instrument was employed by the ,honourable ,robert ,boyle1 has preserved1 for our information in this matter1 the true figure of the 8tobacco-tongs40 ,in the #crd ,volume of ,boyle's ,works1 folio1 published in #agdd1 is recorded his pneumatical experiments on the falling of bodies in vacuo4 ,treating of 8,new experiments physico-mechanical1 touching the spring of the air10 illustrated by the well-known experiment of dropping at the same time a guinea and a feather within an exhausted glass receiver1 he says3 8,we so fastened a small pair of tobacco-tongs to the inside of the receiver's brass cover1 that by moving a turning key1 we might by a string tied to one part of them open the tongs1 which else their own spring would keep shut40 ,illustration3 ,tobacco-tongs ,in an illustrative engraved plate1 accompanying his description1 the fourth figure therein is designed to show the 8tobacco-tongs10 which appear in the form of a figure of #h1 as in the annexed diagram1 where a1 is the top or hand portion1 being the largest oval1 while the lower oval b1 is not above one third its size1 at which point this steel spring instrument was cut through1 to form the tong or nippers4 ,we imagine that a side view would be like the dotted figure c1 d1 where d1 shows how the ends of these nippers were probably elongated a little1 the more readily to take up and part with the tobacco or other material4 ,the least pressure on the outside of the large oval1 will extend the nippers b1 d1 which again close when such pressure is removed4 ,but there may have been another form of such tongs1 like the letter ,x1 or two such figures combined2 and by increasing the series we should produce the instrument known as the lazy-tongs1 which collapse into a very small space1 yet will extend to a great distance4 #ej4 ,a complete light portable ,ladder1 which taken out of ones ,pocket1 may be by himself fastened an hundred foot#d high to get up by from the ground4 ,footnote #d feet4 ,p4 ,a ,pocket-ladder4 ,there are many curious and ingenious designs for portable scaling ladders1 offered by ,vegetius in 8,de re militari10 #aece1 but which would require to be very considerably modified to become pocketable2 however1 they occur in every variety at page #ce1 in short pieces1 each with a screw at one end1 and a socket at the other2 at p4 #ei1 as a neat rope ladder2 at p4 #aac1 on the principle of the lazy-tongs2 and at p4 #afb1 a method of connecting short poles is exhibited4 ,robert ,fludd1 in the second book of his works1 published in #afag and #afah1 folio1 ,page #chd1 gives a large copper-plate engraving of a very ingenious form of ladder4 ,each step is of wood1 and the two sides of rope4 ,the ingenuity of the invention consists in each step having a ferrule at one end1 and the opposite end tapered sufficiently to fit into each ferrule of the adjoining step2 by this means the whole can be put together like an ordinary fishing rod1 and the top step terminating with a hook1 it can easily be attached to any elevated place1 and on pulling the pole1 each part separates1 falling at once into the form of a ladder with rope sides4 ,bourne's #fbnd ,device1 in his 8,inventions1 or ,devices10 #aegh1 is--8,how for to make a scaling ladder40 ,van ,etten1 #afec1 gives for his #aaath ,problem1 8,to make a ,ladder of ,cords1 which may be carried in ones pocket3 by which one may easily mount up a wall1 or tree alone40 ,it consists simply of two pulleys1 with 8a cord of an half inch thick 7which may be of silk1 because it is for the pocket710 having a staff at one end to sit upon4 ,the author gravely concludes1 8,this secret is most excellent in warre1 and for lovers1 its supportablenesse avoids suspition40 ,see page #bdh4 ,among ,friar ,bacon's inventions1 the following is recorded in the fourth chapter of his 8,discovery of the ,miracles of ,art1 ,nature and ,magick10 #abmo4 published in #afei3--8;,it is possible to invent an ,engine of a little bulk1 yet of great efficacy1 either to the depressing or elevation of the very greatest weight2 which would be of much consequence in several accidents2 for hereby a man may either ascend or descend any walls1 delivering himself or comrades from prison2 and this engine is only three fingers high and four broad40 #ea4 ,a ,rule of ,gradation1 which with ease and method reduceth all things to a private correspondence1 most useful for secret ,intelligence4 ,a ,rule of ,gradation4 ,probably some scheme which appeared to be capable of indefinite multiplication1 the object of the secret correspondent always being to elude the utmost skill of an expert decipherer4 ,twenty-six lines of #bf letters of the alphabet each1 would form a square2 and supposing the letters placed in different order on each line1 we might produce #bf linear alphabets1 and #bf columnar alphabets2 or change these by diagonal or other lines4 ,these1 and similar variations appear interminable1 but it is questionable whether they would not delay rather than defy detection4 #eb4 ,how to signifie words and a perfect ,discourse by#e jangling of#f ,bells of any ,parish-,church1 or by any ,musical ,instrument within hearing1 in a seeming way of tuning it2 or of an unskilful beginner4 ,footnotes #e by the4 #f of the4 ,a mysticall jangling of ,bells4 ,there occurs at page #ahe1 of ,van ,etten's ,math4 ,recreat4 #afec1 among the several heads of ,problem #hd1 8,of changes in ,bells40 ,he inquires3 8,is it not an admirable thing to consider how the skill of numbers doth easily furnish us with the knowledge of mysterious hidden things80 ,he says3 8,it is often debated--what number of changes there might be made in #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 or more bells20 observing thereon1 8that a childe which can but multiply one number by another1 may easily resolve it40 ,not only have we here a kindred subject discussed1 but also in language very analogous to that employed by the ,marquis1 particularly in the use of the words 8mysterious10 8admirable10 and 8a child20 the latter being a favourite similitude4 #ec4 ,a way how to make hollow and cover a ,water-scrue as big and as long as one pleaseth in an easie and cheap way4 ,an hollowing of a ,water-scrue4 ,this was probably no more than an ingenious piece of carpentry1 to obtain an object which was then most likely of considerable importance4 ,three of his inventions refer to the ,archimedian screw1 so that the ,marquis seems to have given the subject more than ordinary attention4 #ed4 ,how to make a ,water-scrue tite1 and yet transparent1 and free from breaking2 but so clear1 that one may palpably see the water or any heavy thing how and why it is mounted by turning4 ,a transparent ,water-scrue4 ,this invention does not appear to be offered as one of any other use than for pleasure and instruction1 to 8see the water or any heavy thing1 how and why it mounteth by turning40 ,was it not by such models that he had early informed his own mind8 ,if the transparent covering was not to be glass or horn1 the ,marquis may have used the material proposed by ,sir ,hugh ,plat in his 8,jewel ,house of ,art and ,nature10 #afec1 in which is given1 at page #gb1 a recipe3 8,to make parchment clear and transparent to serve for divers purposes4 ,this ,i commend1 7he says7 before oiled paper1 because it is more lasting0--when employed for windows4 #ee4 ,a double ,water-scrue1 the innermost to mount the water1 and the outermost for it to descend more in number of threds1 and consequently in quantity of water1 though much shorter then the innermost scrue1 by which the water ascendeth1 a most extraordinary help for the turning of the scrue to make the water rise4 ,a double ,water-scrue4 ,the arrangement of this simple invention is so clearly and amply set forth1 that it is a wonder it could ever have been misunderstood2 yet it so baffled ,mr4 ,partington1 that he classes it among 8extraordinary sleight of hand discoveries40 ,m4 ,pattu1 a ,french engineer1 in #ahae1 published his account of a double water-screw of this description which he had invented1 capable of being applied in three different ways1 the construction1 however1 in all being the same4 ,in one arrangement1 the enlarged end of the screw is about one-eighth part that of the entire length of the internal or lesser screw1 and it surrounds the 8innermost0 screw1 the spirals winding in a reversed direction4 ,the top of the shorter or 8outermost0 screw may be on a level with a stream of water 8for it to descend0 therein1 to promote 8the turning of the screw0 7of greater length and smaller diameter7 8to make the water rise10 from a lower stream4 ,in a second application1 the long screw may be used to propel the short one1 to raise water a moderate height4 ,or1 thirdly1 the enlargement may form the upper end1 and be used to propel from above1 instead of from below1 as at first described4 #ef4 ,to provide and make that all the ,weights of the descending side of a ,wheel shall be perpetually further from the ,centre1 then those of the mounting side1 and yet equal in number and heft to#g the one side as the other4 ,a most incredible thing1 if not seen1 but tried before the late king 7of#h blessed memory7 in the ,tower1 by my directions1 two ,extraordinary ,embassadors accompanying ,his ,majesty1 and the ,duke of ,richmond and ,duke#i ,hamilton1 with#a most#b of the ,court1 attending ,him4 ,the ,wheel was #ad4 ,foot#c over1 and #dj4 ,weights of #ej4 pounds apiece4 ,sir ,william ,balfore1#d,k then ,lieutenant of the ,tower1#e can justifie#f it1 with several others4 ,they all saw1 that no sooner these great ,weights passed the ,diameter-line of the lower#g side1 but they hung a foot further from the ,centre1 nor no sooner passed the ,diameter-line of the upper#h side1 but they hung a foot nearer4 ,be pleased to judge the consequence4 ,footnotes #g of--for to4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #h of happy and glorious4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #i of1 omitted4 #a and--for with4 #b most part4 #c feet4 ,p4 #d ,belford4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #e and yet living can4 #f testify--for justify4 ,p4 #g upper--for lower4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #h lower--for upper4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,an advantageous change of ,centres4 ,this is the most minutely as well as circumstantially noted of all the ,marquis's inventions2 yet we have no evidence of his ever afterwards recurring to it4 ,the mention of ,sir ,william ,balfour makes it probable that the exhibition of this great weighted wheel took place between #afch and #afda4 ,see ,life1 ,times1 c41 page #be4 ,dr4 ,john ,dee1 in his celebrated preface to ,sir ,henry ,billingsley's first ,english edition of ,euclid1 published in folio1 #aegj1 speaks of such a machine1 as not only possible1 but as having been actually constructed1 and 8a thing most incredible if not seen20 this1 compared with the language used by the ,marquis1 would lead to the supposition that he had not only read but copied the passage4 ,it is difficult to reconcile the statement he has here made1 with the declaration on the title page1 of his inventions having been 8tried and perfected40 ,in this single instance1 he leaves the reader to 8,be pleased to judge the consequence40 ,illustration3 ,a weighted wheel ,dr4 ,desaguliers1 in a memoir1 published by the ,royal ,society1 vol4 #ca1 #agbj-ba1 quoting the foregoing article1 ventures the reply3 8,now the consequence of this1 and such like machines assuming them to be as above described1 is nothing less than a perpetual motion40 ,of course he does not admit even the possibility of such an arrangements of parts1 he only allows that if that could be executed1 the other would follow4 ,but ,desaguliers admitted too much1 for it may easily be demonstrated that the conditions stated may be mechanically produced1 without any resulting motion4 ,let the annexed diagram represent a wheel of #ad feet in diameter1 having #dj spokes1 seven feet each1 and with an inner rim coinciding with the periphery1 at one foot distance1 all round4 ,next provide #dj balls or weights1 hanging in the centre of cords or chains two feet long4 ,now fasten one end of this cord at the top of the centre spoke ,c1 and the other end of the cord to the next right hand spoke one foot below the upper end1 or on the inner ring2 proceed in like manner with every other spoke in succession2 and it will be found1 that1 at ,a1 the cord will have the position shown outside the wheel2 while at ,b1 ,c1 and ,d1 it will also take the respective positions1 as shown on the outside4 ,the result in this case will be1 that1 all the weights on the side ,a1 ,c1 ,d1 hang to the great1 or outer circle1 while on the side ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 all the weights are suspended from the lesser or inner circle4 ,and if we reverse the motion of the wheel1 turning it from the right hand to the left hand1 we shall reverse these positions also1 7the lower end of the cord sliding in a groove towards a left hand spoke7 but without the wheel having any tendency to move of itself4 ,his notice of this exhibition was not written by the ,marquis until #afee1 from #ad to #ag years after its occurrence1 and he may have then hesitated to say that it was not a success2 but he may have persuaded himself that he was at last in possession of the secret that was at first wanting4 ,besides1 we are not to infer that the company described as being present had gone to the ,tower purposely to see the ,marquis's wheel2 it being far more probable that1 ,charles the ,first and the foreign ambassadors were there to view that fortress with all its treasures and curiosities4 ,according to the state of knowledge in #affc1 the ,marquis of ,worcester was not singular in entertaining this subject1 and all we can make of the present article is1 that he has left it open to doubt whether he himself did not consider that his experiment required confirmation4 8,perpetuum ,mobile2 or a history of the search for self-motive power10 #ahfb1 is a work which may be taken as an elaborate note on this article1 for it was the perusal of it that led the author1 to commence the compilation of that work1 more than thirty years ago4 ,before the publication of the 8,century0 ,samuel ,hartlib had1 7on the #ajth of ,august1 #afeh17 written to ,mr4 ,boyle on the subject of a perpetual motion invented by the ingenious and celebrated ,john ,joachim ,becher1 an account of which was to be printed at ,frankfort4--,boyle's ,works1 fol4 #agdd1 p4 #bhj4 ,charles the ,second was favoured with the exhibition of another scheme of this sort1 by ,john ,evelyn1 a ,fellow of the ,royal ,society at the time1 and therefore not likely to participate in any matter which the scientific world of his day repudiated4 ,but learned men of his time rather approved of all wonder-working automata than otherwise4 ,evelyn says in his ,diary1 under the date of #adth ,july1 #affh1 that during an interview with the ,king3--8,i showed his ,majesty the perpetual motion sent to me by ,dr4 ,stokes from ,cologne40--,vol4 ii4 p4 #cg1 ed4 #ahei4 #eg4 ,an ebbing and flowing ,water-work in two ,vessels1 into either of which the water standing at a level1 if a ,globe be cast in1 instead of rising it presently ebbeth1 and so remaineth untill a like ,globe be cast into the other ,vessel1 which the water is no sooner sensible of1 but#i that#a ,vessel presently ebbeth1 and the other floweth1 and so continueth ebbing and flowing untill one or both of#b the ,globes be taken out1 working some little effect besides its own motion1 without the help of any man within sight or hearing3 ,but if either of the ,globes be taken out with ever so swift or easie a motion1 at#c the very instant the ebbing and flowing ceaseth2 for if during the#d ebbing you take out the ,globe1 the water of that ,vessel presently returneth to flow1 and never ebbeth after1 until#e the ,globe be returned into it1 and then the motion beginneth as before4 ,footnotes #i but that the4 ,p4 #a the--for that4 #b of--omitted4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #c at that instant4 ,p4 #d that--for the4 #e unless--for until4 ,a constant ,water-flowing and ebbing motion4 ,we are very much mistaken if this is not the result of one of the ,marquis's early experimental model demonstrations1 and a happy illustrative example for the lecture-table of raising water by the condensation of steam4 ,illustration3 ,a water-flowing and ebbing motion ,a1 ,b1 represents two water tanks or cisterns1 permanently connected by the water-pipe ,c1 and having within1 ,d1 ,d1 two perforated shelves or false bottoms2 ,e1 is a main steam-pipe1 with a four-way steam cock at ,f1 branching into the form shown at ,g1 ,g'1 and passing through the bottom of each tank1 rises vertically to the level of the false bottoms1 where each is supplied with a valve at the top end1 to prevent the ingress of water4 ,g'1 is shown receiving steam from ,e4 ,h1 ,i1 are two hollow metal globes1 surmounted with a small crown ornament to conceal a spring valve1 to which a floating weight is suspended by a chain1 as at ,x'2 but floated upwards at ,x1 where it operates to open the spring valve within the crown4 ,in the above diagram1 it is obvious that water placed in ,a1 will flow onward to ,b1 and stand at the same level in both cisterns4 ,the valve in each globe requires to be so arranged1 that when forced open its spring will prevent its closing until acted on by a weight1 which weight must hang to the inside of the valve by means of a chain1 and be able to float on the surface of the water1 and it will be requisite to adjust the chain to such a length that when the water is at a certain level it shall have no influence on the float-weight of the valve1 which will then close4 ,with this apparatus1 the operator can conceal the connection between the two cisterns1 and that between the bottoms to admit steam4 ,the water is now seen at the same level in 8two vessels10 and with a perforated shelf about an inch below the surface of each4 ,we may now find1 8if a globe be cast in10 the water 8instead of rising1 it presently ebbeth1 and so remaineth10 doing nothing further 8until a like globe be cast into the other vessel2 which the water is no sooner sensible of1 but that vessel presently ebbeth1 and the other floweth40 ,for it must be observed1 the first globe was placed in the centre1 over a steam pipe1 its nozzle protected with a valve1 and on letting in the steam1 being otherwise empty and the valve purposely opened for the escape of steam and air1 but which its weight closed as soon as permitted to act1 and thereon condensation followed1 the water flowed into that vessel1 but ebbed in the other4 ,we then insert a second globe1 in the second cistern1 under like conditions2 and as soon as the rising water has opened the top valve of the first globe1 this second globe will repeat the operation1 8and so continueth ebbing and flowing until one or both the globes be taken out40 ,and this ebbing and flowing1 this rising1 and these changing heights in the water in the two tanks or cisterns1 may easily be adapted for 8working some little effect besides its own motion1 without the help of any man within sight or hearing10 and of course too far off to be the acting agent in such additional 8working of some little effect10 some see-sawing action1 to work automata or like 8little effects0 for the delectation of the ingenious and the delight of all the lovers of the marvellous4 ,and note 8if during the ebbing10 when that globe and that cistern is all but empty1 8you take out the globe1 the water of that vessel presently returneth to flow10 showing that the globe thus removed was quite empty2 and therefore would be shown as part of the miracle1 the same empty globe had been performing such strange motions in the water4 ,but let 8the globe be returned 7empty as it was before7 into it the cistern1 and then the motion beginneth as before40 ,if we are correct in this conjecture1 the principle involved would easily account for the inventions couched in the terms of articles ,no4 #bb1 ,an ebbing and flowing river2 and ,no4 #bc1 ,an ebbing and flowing ,castle ,clock4 ,the present article1 viewed in any other light than as illustrative of the peculiar properties of the great principle with which he was operating1 and which he was incessantly investigating1 and varying its applications1 is altogether incomprehensible4 ,but it was very natural for him to preserve in this simple but striking form the sure signs of greater applications4 ,in the present example1 we have no attempt1 in this philosophical demonstrative model1 to cater to the popular taste1 although the fertile genius of the noble inventor could not permit the suggestion to escape his pen that the rise and the fall of the water might be made to operate--shall we say bellows1 mills and the like1 and cause birds to chirp1 and fountains to play8 ,thus 8working some little effect besides its own motion0 of soberly ebbing and flowing4 ,but this is a mere parenthetical1 gratuitous offer to dash the concealed purpose1 and give colour to the supposition that it had no higher design4 ,there is generally something to serve for amusement1 or to answer some practical purpose1 observable in all the #ajj articles1 but who could assign the use of two globes1 in two vessels of water1 causing the same to flow and ebb8 ,viewed independent of the object here suggested1 it bears a most purposeless character2 and in no other way than as illustrative of the results of the condensation of steam1 set forth in a merely experimental apparatus1 can we conceive it possible of receiving either a scientific or any other reasonable explanation4 ,for adjusting the apparatus it would be necessary to fill the troughs or cisterns until the water was level with the perforated false bottom1 and next to add as much more water as would be equal to the contents of one globe1 when the water altogether would cover the false bottoms4 ,the globes should be heavy enough not to overturn either on the admission of the steam1 or the expulsion of steam and air from beneath4 ,while steam is entering1 the top spring-valve is kept closed by the float-weight1 but when condensation commences1 the external pressure performs the same duty2 so soon1 however1 as the rising water has elevated the float to the underside of the spring-valve1 its pressure against it and the action of the spring1 cause it to open1 and then the column of water will at once commence descending4 ,as a matter of detail1 the float would require a guide rod1 or some similar contrivance to direct and keep its course uniformly under the valve1 so as to open it4 ,the whole experiment is one of mere matter of fact and not of excellence4 ,it is simply to develope a principle and not to carry out any express piece of curious workmanship2 there is not1 therefore1 any statement of its possessing surprising qualities1 the utmost proposed is 8a constant water-flowing and ebbing motion10 without any condition as to degree1 quantity1 or extent of its effect4 ,this and no more would the apparatus here described demonstrate on its trial4 ,this article of the 8,century0 strikingly illustrates how truly the ,marquis wrote it as he says--8in a way1 as may sufficiently instruct me to put any of them in practice20 or1 rather to repeat the practice of them1 for he has only a line or two before told us1 they are such of his inventions as 8,i can call to mind to have ,,tried and ,,perfected20 and what he wrote he meant1 let sceptics and superficial critics pervert his words as they may to uphold their own narrow conceits4 ,the reader of articles1 ,nos4 #bb and #bc1 is informed of effects without the least intimation of a means2 he is then amused with springs1 weights1 levers1 portable bridges1 fortifications1 stenography1 keys1 automata1 stairs1 ladders1 cochlea1 and so forth1 to the number of #cc inventions1 and then1 after losing sight of ,no4 #bb1 and ,no4 #bc1 he is invited to examine the machine by which the 8ebbing and flowing0 effects are produced4 ,all this is perfectly legitimate1 but1 nevertheless1 well worthy of notice1 as opening to view the peculiar tact and skill of the writer2 and the extreme necessity of exercising cautious judgment in our estimate of 8,the treasures buried under these heads1 both for war1 peace1 and pleasure40 ,it is when we refer back to ,no4 #bb1 that we become convinced1 beyond what ,no4 #eg alone might persuade us of1 that by no means short of the condensation of steam could the proposed ebbing and flowing be effected on a river 8twenty feet over10 and be managed by 8a child's force10 as in article ,no4 #ajj4 #eh4 ,how to make a ,pistol to discharge a dozen times with one loading1 and without so much as once new ,priming requisite1 or to change it out of one hand into the other1 or stop ones horse4 ,an often-discharging ,pistol4 ,about the year #aege1 a description was given of the operation and advantages of a certain newly invented engine of war1 whereby twenty-four bullets could be discharged from one piece at a time4 ,and it appears that at that period there were in the ,tower #bjj of the engines and #cjjj bullets4--,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,vol4 #ajf4 ,about #aehj 787 ,john the ,almain wrote to ,walsyngham1 recommends one of his countrymen1 who had invented an harquebuse1 8that shall contain ten balls or pelletes of lead1 all the which shall go off1 one after another1 having once given fire2 so that with one harquebuse one may kill ten thieves or other enemies without recharging40--,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,vol4 #adf4 ,porta1 in his 8,natural ,magick10 folio1 ,english edition1 #afeh1 gives an account1 in the #abth ,book1 how 8,a brass gun once fired1 may discharge ten times40 ,he says1 8,it is a new invention1 that a great brass-gun1 or hand-gun1 may discharge #aj or more bullets one after another without intermission4 ,make a dark powder1 such as ,i used in the precedent part1 and fill it thus3--,first1 put in a certain measure of gunpowder1 that being put in1 may discharge the ball1 but a small one1 that it may go in loosely1 and that the powder put in upon it may come to touch the gunpowder3 then pour in this dark powder two or three fingers deep2 then put in your gunpowder and your bullet2 and thus in order1 one after the other1 until the gun seems to be full to the very mouth4 ,lastly pour in some of your dark clammy powder3 and when you have levelled your gun to the place appointed1 put fire to the mouth of it2 for it will cast out the bullets1 and then fire for so long time as a man may discharge a hand-gun at divers shoots4 ,and thus with one brass-gun you may discharge many times40--7p4 #bic47 #ei4 ,another way as fast and#f effectual1 but more proper for ,carabines4 ,footnote #f and as4 ,an especial way for ,carbines4 ,the ,carabine or ,carbine was a short gun for bullets of twenty-four to the pound4 #fj4 ,a way with a ,flask appropriated unto it1 which will furnish either ,pistol or ,carabine with a dozen ,charges in three minutes time1 to do the whole execution of#g a dozen shots1 as soon as one pleaseth1 proportionably4 ,footnote #g of #ab4 ,a ,flask-charger4 ,his patent of #affa gives the following altered reading to his improvements applying to guns1 thus3--8,to make certain guns or pistols1 which in the tenth part of one minute or an hour1 may1 with a flask contrived to that purpose1 be recharged1 the fourth part of one turn of the barrel1 which remains still fixed1 fastening it as forcibly and effectually as a dozen threads of any screw1 which in the ordinary and usual way require as many turns40--,see ,appendix ,b4 #fa4 ,a third way1 and#h particular#i for ,musquets1 without taking them from their ,rests to charge or prime1 to a like execution1 and as fast as the ,flask1 the musquet containing but one ,charge at a time4 ,footnotes #h and--omitted4 #i particularly4 ,p4 ,a way for ,musquets4 ,the heavy firearms of the seventeenth century afforded the ,marquis fine scope for the exercise of his versatile ingenuity4 ,muskets were originally matchlocks2 long1 heavy1 and requiring a tall forked rest to steady them in firing4 ,eventually their bore was reduced for bullets of eighteen to the pound4 ,it is curious to observe the difference between the drill practice of those times compared with the present4 ,in 8,the compleat ,gentleman10 by ,henry ,peacham1 ,m4,a41 published in #afbg1 among his other 8,military ,observations10 he gives the following3 8,the postures of the ,musquet4 #a4 ,march with your ,musquet and ,rest shouldred2 #b4 ,prepare your ,rest2 #c4 ,slipp your ,musket2 #d4 ,pease your ,musket2 #e4 ,joyne your ,rest and ,musquet2 #f4 ,take out your ,match2 #g4 ,blow your ,match2 #h4 ,cock your ,match2 #i4 ,try your ,match2 #aj4 ,guard your ,pann2 #aa4 ,blow your ,match2 #ab4 ,open your ,pann2 #ac4 ,present2 #ad4 ,give ,fire10 c4 ,then1 8#be4 ,open your ,charge2 #bf4 ,charge your ,musket2 #bg4 ,draw out your ,scouring ,sticke2 #bh4 ,shorten your ,scouring ,sticke2 #bi4 ,ram your ,powder2 #cj4 ,withdraw your ,scouring ,sticke20 c4 ,thomas ,smith1 in his 8,additions to the ,book of ,gunnery1 both pleasant and profitable10 published in quarto1 #afdc1 black letter1 mentions 8certain short muskets of an inch1 or very near an inch bore1 out of which you may shoot either chained bullets1 or half a score pistol bullets1 or half a dozen harquebus bullets at one shot1 or you may shoot out of the same fire arrows made with strong shafts1 feathered with horn1 or with common feathers1 glued and bound on with thread4 ,when you are to shoot a fire arrow out of any of these pieces1 you must not give the piece her full loading of powder40 ,he further notices that 8,the string made fast to the end of the fire-work is to keep the arrow straight in his passage40 ,illustration3 ,a musketeer1 #afdc ,a graphical sketch of the soldier accompanies these remarks 7as in the facsimile annexed71 which appears almost a caricature1 but it must have been seriously approved as a good illustration1 by our author1 the 8,souldier of ,berwick-upon-,tweed40 ,mr4 ,hewett gives the following table in his 8,ancient ,armour and ,weapons10 page #gae4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,length of ,number of ,bullets ,nature of lock4 ,barrel4 to the pound4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,musquet #d ft4 #aj ,match ,harquebus #b ft4 #ag ,wheel ,carbine #b ft4 #bd ,flint ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #fb4 ,a way for a ,harquebuss1 a ,crock1 or ,ship-musquet1 six upon a ,carriage1 shooting with such expedition1 as#a without danger one may charge1 level1 and discharge#b them sixty times in a minute of an hour1 two or three together4 ,footnotes #a as that4 #b level and discharge--omitted4 ,a way for a ,harquebus1 a ,crock4 ,arquebuse1 corrupted to ,harquebus--a firearm requiring a forked rest placed in the ground1 on which to steady the heavy barrel1 which carried a ball of #b ounces1 or for fortresses #c ounces4 ,arquebuse croc--a small piece of ordnance placed on a stock or club1 fired by a match4 ,we find among the records of the ,state ,paper ,office the following notice in the ,calendars1 viz43--,john the ,almain,l writes to ,walsyngham1 recommending one of his countrymen1 who had invented an harquebuse 8that shall containe ten balls or pellets of lead1 all the which shall goe off1 one after another1 having once given fire1 so that with one harquebuse one may kill ten theeves or other enemies without recharging40--,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #aedg-aehj4 ,edited by ,r4 ,lemon1 ,f4,s4,a41 #hvo4 #ahef1 p4 #fif4 ,no4 #de4 #fc4 ,a sixth way1#c most excellent for ,sakers1 differing from the other1 yet as swift4 ,footnote #c way--omitted4 ,for ,sakers and ,minyons4 ,sakers were cannon1 #e to #h pounders2 and ,minion1 long #d pounders1 or short #c pounders4 #fd4 ,a seventh1 tried and approved before the late ,king 7of ever blessed memory7 and an hundred ,lords and ,commons1 in a ,cannon of #h4 inches half quarter1#d to shoot ,bullets of #fd4 pounds weight1 and #bd4 pounds of pouder1 twenty times in six minutes2 so clear from danger1 that after all were discharged1 a ,pound of ,butter did not melt being laid upon the ,cannon-britch1 nor the green ,oile discoloured that was first anointed#e and used between the ,barrel thereof1 and the ,engine1 having never in it1 nor within six foot1 but one charge at a time4 ,footnotes #d a quarter4 ,p4 #e it and4 ,for the biggest ,cannon4 ,this article affords a further example of the practical working out of another invention of the ,marquis1 and possibly at the ,tower1 previous to #afda4 ,as early as the #afth century cannon had been undergoing gradual although slight improvements4 ,the ,marquis had many opportunities for obtaining the best information1 and his active mind must have long been on the alert1 both at home and abroad1 to ascertain all that was then known on the subject of their manufacture1 with their best form and dimensions4 ,we have very early intelligence on the subject of ,engines of ,war among the valuable records of our ,state ,paper ,office1 from which we have selected the following3-- #aege8 ,no4 #gd4 ,description of the operation and advantages of a certain newly invented engine of war1 whereby twenty-four bullets can be discharged from one piece at a time4 ,no4 #ge4 ,notes by the inventor touching the engines of war1 with the expense of making a few at a time4 ,it would require above #ajj engines to be employed at once4 ,desires a yearly pension in consideration of his invention4 ,no4 #gf4 ,a note of the effects already performed by the engine of war2 of which there are #bjj engines and #cjjj bullets already delivered into the ,tower for service4--,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #aedg-aehj4 ,edited by ,r4 ,lemon1 ,f4,s4,a41 #hvo4 #ahef1 page #eac4 ,in the ,bodleian ,library there is a folio volume of the ,,ms4 papers of ,general ,mountagu1 or the ,earl of ,sandwich1 lettered on the back 8,carte ,papers1 #afjd-afhd4 ,letters to ,earl of ,sandwich1 c4 #gd10 in which is the following3 8,invention for ,cannon to doe extraordinary execution4 7,no4 #abc47 ,canon that shall shute more then #djj paces1 a bulett of four fadem longe to destroy the ,riggings of any ship1 the which bulett must necessarily goe a twart1 and cannot come perpendicularly1 as other chayne buletts1 and other such like1 who by that means may misse the intended effect and passe through the cordage or ,riggings40 ,among the ,sloane ,,mss4 in the ,british ,museum is one1 ,no4 #bdig1 with rude drawings of cannon1 c4 viz43 a fauconet2 a faucon2 a minnion2 a saker2 a demi-culveringe2 a culvering2 a demi-cannon2 a cannon2 a cannon-peuterer2 a cannon-rial2 each with its proper ball1 ramrods1 c4 ,robert ,norton1 ,engineer and ,gunner in 8,the gunners dialogue with the art of great ,artillery10 a black letter quarto1 accompanying 8,the ,arte of shooting in great ordnance10 by ,william ,bourne1 #afdc1 gives the names1 c4 of ordnance1 thus3-- ,cannon of #h weighing #h1jjj lbs4 ---- of #g #g1jjj ,demi-,cannon #f1jjj ,culvering #d1ejj ,demi-,culvering #b1ejj ,saker #a1ejj ,minion #a1bjj ,among other inquiries in the course of the dialogue occur the following3--8,if you were to make a shot in the night1 at a mark showed you in the day1 how would you prepare for it80 ,and3--8,how would you make a shot at an enemies light1 in a dark night1 not having any candle1 lanthorn1 or other light by you80 ,david ,papillon1 in his 8,practical ,art of ,fortification10 #dto4 #afde1 enumerating the ordnance and ammunition of a garrison1 observes3--8for a towne of two ,english miles circumference1 of these sorts1 six cannons1 six demi-cannons1 six long culverins or double for a sea-port1 twentie sacres or less for a sea-port1 and twelve drakes1 and one hundred thousand pounds8 weight of powder40--,p4 #ig4 ,in 8,mathematical ,magick10 #afdh1 ,bishop ,wilkins incidentally remarks--8the greatest cannon in use1 does not carry above #fd pound weight10 page #abf4 ,and in the #aith chapter of the same work he states the charge to be #dj lbs4 of powder4 ,john ,greaves1 ,geometry ,professor of ,gresham ,college1 who was born in #afjb1 and died in ,october1 #afeb1 made experiments for trying the force of great guns1 at ,woolwich1 #ahth of ,march1 #afea1 which were published in the #aeth volume of the ,philosophical ,transactions1 #afhe4 ,the following extracts are given1 from their specifying the description1 weight1 and sometimes the size of the cannon used1 with the charge of powder and weight of shot4 ,the great ordnance tried were3-- #a4 8,an iron demy ,canon1 of #cejj lbs4 weight1 and having a cylinder bore1 the bullet #cb lb4 of iron1 the powder #aj lb4 #b4 8,an iron demy ,canon1 having a taper bore1 and being #cfjj lbs4 in weight1 and #d inches longer than the former1 the iron bullet #cb lb4 #c4 8,experiment with a whole ,culverin in brass1 of #ecjj lbs4 in weight1 #aa foot one inch in length1 with a taper bore1 being intended for a chase piece to the frigate called the ,speaker2 the iron bullet was #ah lbs4 in weight1 the powder #aj lbs4 #d4 8,a whole ,culverin in brass1 made at ,amsterdam1 for the ,french1 with this mark #cehj1 being #aj foot long1 and not very thick in the breech1 #ah lb4 bullet1 and #i lb4 of powder4 #e4 8,an iron ,demy ,culverin1 #i lbs4 iron bullet1 and #d lb4 of powder4 ,this half ,culverin was shot eight times4 #f4 8,a brass ,demy ,culverin1 the breech #ac-e_/h inches1 the mouth #i-e_/h1 #i lb4 iron bullet1 #d lb4 of powder40 #fe4 ,a way that one man in the ,cabin may govern the#f whole side of ,ship-musquets1 to the number 7if need require7 of #b4 or #cjjj4 shots4 ,footnote #f a--for the4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,for a whole side of ,ship-musquets4 ,the list of five inventions1 which appears in the 8,life1 ,times1 c410 page #caf1 refers to a similar improvement1 viz43 8,oft shooting peards1 controlable in one plane1 either for number or time40 ,the #dcrd ,device1 given by ,bourne in his 8,inventions or ,devices10 #aegh1 is entitled1 8,how to make any piece of ,ordnance go off at any hour or time appointed1 by itself1 and no person there40 ,again1 in the #ddth ,device1 we have1 8,how to make a piece go off when you list1 and no person there40 #ff4 ,a way that against#g several ,advenues#h to a ,fort or ,castle1 one man may charge fifty ,cannons playing1 and stopping when he pleaseth1 though out of sight of the ,cannon4 ,footnotes #g the4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #h avenues4 ,p4 ,for guarding several advenues to a ,town4 ,this would appear to be no more than an extended application of the preceding invention4 ,we can imagine that ,caspar ,kaltoff executed a very beautiful model of this piece of machinery1 with its #ej little brass guns1 #ej ramrods1 c41 all worked simultaneously by a man below1 8out of sight of the cannon20 but it is very unlikely that the ,marquis would have recommended its adoption2 it shows1 however1 how he persevered in endeavours to abridge human labour4 #fg4 ,a rare way likewise for musquettoons fastened to the ,pummel of the ,saddle1 so that a ,common ,trooper cannot misse to charge them1 with twenty or thirty ,bullets at a time1 even in full career4 ,when first ,i gave my thoughts to make ,guns shoot often1 ,i thought there had been but one only exquisite way inventible1 yet by several trials and much charge ,i have perfectly tried all these4 ,for ,musquettoons on horseback4 ,the remark which forms a postscript to this article1 naturally leads to the conclusion that the improvements in guns were among the later inventions of the ,marquis1 perhaps about or after #afda1 when his own active services promised soon to be required in the field4 ,his improved firearms are chiefly recommended for effecting rapid firing4 ,it may have been one of the results of his experiments1 that ,caspar ,kaltoff became engaged at ,vauxhall in such manufactures for the government4 ,the ,marquis would obtain little assistance from ,vegetius1 although he would find some extraordinary applications of 8,mirabilis ,machina40 ,we see there the 8,tormentum10 with its great stone ball1 and fire issuing from muzzle and touch-hole1 manipulated after an extraordinary fashion1 bristling down the sides of an angular frame2 whirled round on a circular table like a capstan2 eight placed crosswise2 or two placed breech to breech1 one horizontal1 the other vertical1 to be fired from behind a goodly target4 ,but the ,marquis went far beyond these ancient military weapons1 for gunpowder was then beginning to be understood and applied with a degree of effect that startled and surprised the enemy1 while it only disgusted the humane portion of our forefathers of that day1 who1 in case of dire necessity alone1 favoured the use of balista1 catapulta1 bows1 and pikes1 in the conduct of military and naval engagements4 ,musketoons were the same as the blunderbuss1 being of large bore to fire with a charge of twenty or more pistol bullets1 of from seven to seven and a half ounces of lead1 among a multitude1 to disperse the crowd4 ,the arms offensive and defensive of the old militia1 described by ,grose1 in his 8,military ,antiquities10 #ahja1 as applying to a trooper1 with the furniture for his horse1 were as follows3--8,the defensive armour1 a breast1 back1 and pot 7or scull cap without vizor or bever71 pistol proof2 the offensive arms1 a sword1 and a case of pistols1 the barrels not under #ad inches in length2 the furniture for the horse1 a great saddle1 or pad1 with burs and straps for affixing the holsters1 a bit and bridle1 with a pectoral and crupper3 for the foot1 a musketeer had a musket1 the barrel1 not under three feet in length1 and the guage of the bore for #ab bullets to the pound1 a collar of bandileers1 with a sword40 7,vol4 #a47 ,abraham ,hill1 a ,fellow of the ,royal ,society1 patented1 #crd of ,march1 #affd1 among other inventions1 one for guns and pistols1 with several devices for the speedier and more effectual discharge of them2 also a new kind of powder horn4 ,we shall close these observations on improvements in firearms with the following miscellaneous illustrations respecting the several kinds then in use4 ,in 8,the ,exercise of ,armes for ,calivers1 ,musketts1 and ,pikes1 after the order of his excellence ,maurits ,prince of ,orange1 c4 ,sett forth in the figures by ,jacob de ,gheyn4 ,printed at the ,hage10 folio1 #afjg3--the instructions commence with an engraved illustration of the soldier1 showing how he should stand and 8carry his caliver1 matche1 and rapier20 and proceeds to observe1 8he shall also hold the match burning or kindled at both the endes1 betwixt the two least fingers of the same left hand40 ,he is thus represented1 holding a piece of smouldering touch-rope of two or three feet long1 lighted at both ends1 and has other similar reserve cords at his belt4 ,in the splendid work on 8,ancient ,armour and ,arms10 by ,sir ,s4 ,r4 ,meyrick1 #b vols4 folio1 #ahcj1 numerous illustrative plates of firearms occur in the following order3--,arquebus1 plate #aad1 figure #e4--;,blunderbuss1 a snaphaunce1 from the ,dutch donderbus1 thunder-gun1 p4 #aai1 f4 #aj4--;,carabine1 a wheel-lock1 p4 #aaf1 f4 #a4--aag1 and #aai1 f4 #i4--;,carabineers1 p4 #dc4--;,cross bow1 p4 #id2 #ie2 #ih4--;,flask for powder1 p4 #abc2 #abd4--,musket1 p4 #aag2 #aai4--,musketeer1 p4 #cf4 #fh4 ,an admirable and most forcible way to drive up water by#i fire1 not by drawing or sucking it upwards1 for that must be as the ,philosopher calleth it1 ,intra#a sphram activitatis1 which is but at such a distance4 ,but this way hath no ,bounder1 if the ,vessels be strong enough2 for ,i have taken a piece of a whole ,cannon1 whereof the end was burst1 and filled it three quarters full of water1#b stopping and scruing up the#c broken end2 as also the ,touch-hole2 and making a constant fire under it1 within #bd4 hours it burst and made a great crack3 ,so that having a#d way to make my ,vessels1 so that they are strengthened by the force within them1 and the one to fill after the other4#e ,i have seen the water run#f like a constant ,fountaine-stream forty foot#g high2 one ,vessel of water rarified by fire driveth#h up forty of cold water4 ,and a man that tends the work is but to turn two ,cocks1 that one ,vessel of water being consumed1 another begins to force and#i re-fill with cold water1 and so successively1 the fire being tended and kept constant1 which the self-same ,person may likewise abundantly perform in the interim between the necessity of#a turning the said ,cocks4 ,footnotes #i with--for by4 #a 8,intra0--in printed edition1 #affc4 ,but 8,infra0 in ,,ms4 and ,p4 #b of water--omitted4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #c that--for the4 #d found a4 #e other1 have seen4 ,p4 #f to run4 #g feet4 ,p4 #h driving #dj of4 #i and that to refill4 #a necessity of--omitted4 ,a ,fire ,water-work4 ,this is that great invention which has popularized and preserved the fame of the ,marquis of ,worcester in the public mind4 ,had the whole of the ,century been destroyed1 with the exception of this #fhth article1 enough would have remained to satisfy any engineer1 that the ,marquis had achieved a grand discovery4 ,we shall proceed to notice what information books and the patent records would afford1 to stimulate his inquiries into the possible practical application of the effects1 resulting from the action of fire on water in close vessels4 ,the work which has1 from being often quoted1 acquired especial notice on this subject is1 8,les ,raisons des forces ,mouvantes avec diverses ,machines4 ,par ,salomon de ,caus10 folio1 published at ,frankfort1 #afae1 in which1 at page #d1 theorem ,v1 under the title1 8,l'eau montera par aide du feu1 plus haut que son niveau10 it is illustrated and described as follows3--8,le troisiesme moyen de faire monter1 est par l'aide du feu1 dont il se peut faire diverses machines1 i'en donneray icy la demonstration d'une4 ,soit une balle de cuiure marquee ,a4 bien soudee tout a lentour1 laquelle il y aura un souspiral marqu ,d1 par ou lon mettra leau1 et aussi un tuyau marqu ,b1 ,c1 qui sera soud en haut de la balle1 et le bout ,c1 aprochera pres du fond1 sans y toucher1 apres faut emplir ladite balle d'eau par le souspiral1 puis le bien reboucher et le mettre sur le feu1 alors la chaleur donnant contre ladite balle1 fera monter toute leau1 par le tuyau ,b1 ,c40 ,see also ,figuier's 8,exposition et ,histoire des principales dcouvertes ,scientifiques ,modernes40 ,tome premier4 ,paris1 #ahfb1 p4 #be4 ,illustration3 ,de ,caus' ,fountain4 ,the adjoining engraving is exactly traced from the original1 of which it is1 in every respect1 a faithful copy4 ,it represents a globular metallic vessel ,a1 with a jet and stop-cock at ,b1 and another stop-cock at ,d1 through which water can be injected by means of a syringe4 ,the jet ,b1 is the top end of a pipe ,c1 which nearly touches the bottom of the inside of the hollow sphere4 ,supposing the globe to be half or two thirds full of water1 and placed on a fire1 the heat will presently raise a quantity of steam1 which1 as it increases in quantity1 will occupy the upper empty space of the sphere1 and by its pressure on the surface of the boiling water1 cause the same to rise rapidly up the vertical pipe ,c1 and produce the jet-d'eau above ,b1 the instant the stop-cock is opened4 ,and this operation will continue so long as any water remains for the bottom end of the pipe ,c1 to dip into2 after which it can only be renewed by refilling the vessel1 and re-boiling the fresh supply of water4 ,de ,caus1 in his large folio work1 in which varieties of fountains are explained by elaborate copper-plates1 and minute descriptions1 satisfies himself with the above brief explanation of the simple woodcut figure1 which we have here reproduced2 from which we infer that he laid no claim to its being his own invention1 or at all events that he presented it to his readers as a gratuitous offering1 for its curious and amusing results4 ,it is not likely that the author of a considerable work1 amidst recondite descriptions and sumptuous engravings of comparatively common affairs would consign his own most valuable contribution to a few lines of bare description and a coarsely engraved diagram4 ,it is obvious1 therefore1 that ,de ,caus himself1 set no great store by this toy fountain2 he saw no great scope in its application1 and certainly never assumed it to be of greater value than as an amusing experimental fountain4 ,to claim more for an ,inventor1 than an ,inventor claims for himself is mere infatuation4 ,to say that ,de ,caus had only to add another pipe1 and only to make another arrangement or two1 and then this petite fontaine would somewhat resemble a steam engine1 is neither sound nor admissible4 ,an inventor must be judged by his own aim and object1 and the example he offers us1 without any additions or subtractions at other hands4 ,what ,de ,caus desribes1 therefore1 is not a continuous but an intermittent fountain2 not self-feeding1 but to be refilled by a syringe2 not emitting cold1 but boiling hot water2 and the difficulties and delays in the use of which materially increased in proportion with its dimensions4 ,but there was shortly afterwards published another highly suggestive work1 on a mechanical application of steam1 in 8,le ,machine10 by ,giovanni ,branca1 #dto4 #afbh2 in which the #beth figure represents the operation of pounding1 the pestles being acted on by pulleys and cog-wheels set in motion by a jet of steam issuing from a pipe against the vanes of a horizontal wheel4 ,the boiler is in the fanciful form of the bust of a negro1 with the steam pipe issuing from the mouth4 ,on the #bast of ,january1 #afcj1 a patent was granted to ,david ,ramsey1 for1 among other inventions1 one 8to raise water from low pits by fire40 ,but unfortunately1 like all patents of that period1 it is unaccompanied by any description4 ,john ,bate1 in his 8,mysteries of ,art and ,nature10 #afce1 #dto4 has 8a conceited lamp1 for forcing water or air through the figure of a bird40 ,a minute description is given for constructing a small boiler in the form of a crown1 surmounted by a bird1 and enclosing various perforated pipes and valves1 capable of being turned in various directions2 the whole is set over a circular lamp1 with several cotton wicks4 ,water being put in the boiler1 ,bate observes--8,then the water being by little and little converted into ayre1 by the heate of the lights that are underneath1 will breathe forth at the mouth of the cock20 but1 on being partially turned1 8then there being no vent for the ayre to breath out at1 it will presse the water1 and force it to ascend the pipe1 and issue out where the air breathed before40 ,in conclusion he shrewdly remarks3--8,other devices and those more strange in their effects1 may be contrived from hence40 7p4 #cc1 #cd47 ,in the 8,recreation ,mathematique0 of ,h4 van ,etten1 #afbi1 #abmo4 of which there were translations in several editions1 as #afcc1 #afec1 and others1 the #fgth problem is descriptive 8,of the properties of olipiles or bowels to blow the fire40 ,in the course of the article on this subject it is observed3 8,vitruvius1 in his first book of ,architecture1 cap4 #h1 approves from these engines1 that winde is no other thing than a quantity of vapours and exhalations agitated with the aire by rarefaction and condensation20 a remark curious enough1 if only for the last word 8condensation40 ,the article concludes--8,now it is cunning and subtiltie to fill one of these olipiles with water at so little a hole1 and therefore requires the knowledge of a philosopher to finde it out2 and the way is thus3--,heat the olipiles being empty1 and the aire which is within it will become extreamely rarefied2 then being thus hot throw it into water1 and the aire will begin to be condensed3 by which meanes it will occupie lesse roome1 therefore the water will immediately enter in at the hole to avoide vacuitie3 thus you have some practicall speculation upon the olipile40 ,here we have 8condensation0 a second time adverted to1 while the whole experiment proves the folly of attributing to ,savery a similar result as a novelty leading for the first time to a knowledge of the property of 8condensation10 to the disparagement of the ,marquis and his predecessors1 assuming their total ignorance of what is here so clearly and graphically described4 ,again1 ,van ,etten in the fifth section of ,problem ,,lxxxv4 treats--8,of a fine fountaine which spouts water very high1 and with great violence by turning of a cock40 page #aic4 8,let there be a vessel made close in all its parts1 in the middle of which let a pipe open neare the bottome2 and then with a squirt squirt in the water 7stopped above by the cock or faucet7 with as great violence as possible you can1 and turne the cock immediately4 ,now there being an indifferent quantity of water and aire in the vessel1 the water keeps itself in the bottom1 and the aire which was greatly pressed1 seeks for more place1 that turning the cock the water issueth forth at the pipe1 and flyes very high1 and that especially if the vessell be a little heated40 ,the concluding sentence would no doubt afford a mind like that of the ,marquis of ,worcester's abundant matter for experimental trial1 if ever consulted by him1 either in the original1 or in the translation of #afcc4 ,the following extract from ,van ,etten's #hcrd ,problem1 8,of ,cannons or great ,artillery10 affords strong presumptive evidence 7taken along with other extracts7 of the ,marquis's acquaintance with the work4 ,the ,problem is divided into two parts1 of which the first alone need be noticed1 namely1--8,how to charge a cannon without powder40 ,it is observed--8,this may be done with aire and water1 only having thrown cold water into the cannon1 which might be squirted forceably in by the closure of the mouth of the piece1 that so by this pressure the aire might more condense1 then having a round piece of wood very just1 and oiled well for the better to slide1 and thrust the bullet when it shall be time4 ,this piece of wood may be held fast with some pole1 for feare it be not thrust out before his time3 then let fire be made about the trunnion or hinder part of the piece to heat the aire and water1 and then when one would shoot it let the pole be quickly loosened1 for then the aire searching a greater place1 and having way now offered1 will thrust out the wood and the bullet very quick3 the experiment which we have in long trunkes tubes shooting out pellats with aire only1 sheweth the verity of this ,probleme40 7page #agc47 ,the words italicised are a complete description of the ,marquis's experiment1 although made with a widely different object1 but both afford evidence of the force obtainable from a small quantity of heated water1 the one in an imperfectly closed1 the other in a well closed cannon4 ,it is remarkable how near this experiment comes to the steam-engine cylinder1 piston1 and safety valve2 and we can scarcely believe that such applications would escape the ,marquis's observation1 when repeated and varied as was his customary course in pursuing his own inquiries4 ,we have thus1 from #afae to #afec1 shown1 what sources were open to afford suggestions to the ,marquis of ,worcester's wakeful and watchful mind1 alive and on the alert to seize on every hint promising some enlarged and useful application4 ,we come next to that part of his own statement1 where he says3 8so that having found a way to make my vessels1 so that they are strengthened by the ,,force within them1 and the one to fill after the other1 c40 8,vessels0 may here apply to cisterns1 receivers1 boilers1 c41 in short whatever appliances were used4 ,but it is usually supposed to mean the boiler only1 and hence the difficulty to understand how its safety should increase with the increased internal expansive force of the steam4 ,but allowance must be made for the general vagueness throughout the 8,century10 and we must bear in mind that its language was not arranged to inform the public in respect to construction1 but1 as its author explicitly states1 the several inventions are 8set down in such a way as may sufficiently instruct me to put any of them in practice40 ,now there is good ground for believing that the ,marquis had a special meaning for the word 8force10 as here applied1 a word then used indifferently in its ordinary and in a technical sense1 in the same sentence4 ,this is particularly worth illustrating2 firstly1 because it shows a probability that the ,marquis had1 before #afee1 designed some kind of safety-valve2 and secondly1 to remove the common supposition of the foregoing invention being utterly paradoxical4 ,it has already been stated1 that there is sufficient evidence to prove1 that ,john ,bate's 8,mysteries of ,nature and ,art10 had attracted the especial notice of the ,marquis4 ,he would be about #cc years of age on its first publication1 and he wrote his ,century about #bj years after its appearance1 we may1 therefore1 readily see how likely it would be for him to adopt even its very style and language4 ,john ,bate says1 at page #aa3-- ,illustration3 ,a forcer 8,a forcer is a plug of wood exactly turned and leathered about2 the end that goeth into the barrel1 is semicircularly concave2 p4 #eg4 ,forces may be made to move either horizontally or perpendicularly1 according unto the convenience of the work1 or the invention of the artist and engineer2 p4 #ei4 7,describing #8the water mill or engine near the north end of ,london ,bridge4'7 ,these two barrels must be bound fast unto two posts of the frame1 with two strong iron bands1 as ,t ,t2 unto each of these must be fitted a force well leathered1 and in the tops of the forces must be set two pieces of wood40 ,then again1 at page #ff3--8,k ,k1 ,l ,l1 the barrels of the forces1 which force the water20 p4 #fg4 8,e1 a barrel of brass or wood fastened in the well1 ,k1 a force fitted into it40 ,again1 8the force must be very heavy20 p4 #ga4 8,b1 a barrel of iron or brass1 fastened in the midst of the cistern1 with a force fitted unto it20 p4 #gb4 8,the force is linked1 and it is noted with the letter ,d10 7in the engraving47 ,again1 8,f1 the barrel of the force1 fastened within two or three inches of the bottom of the cistern20 p4 #gc1 8,c1 a force1 ,d1 the forces barrel40 ,again1 8the force draweth the water out of the cistern ,b1 into the barrel ,d20 p4 #gd1 8another strong iron bar as ,i ,i1 unto each end whereof must be linked a force2 ,k ,k1 the two barrels of the aforesaid forces40 ,in the #bast volume of ,philosophical ,transactions1 published in #agjj1 there is a description1 with an engraving1,m being1 8,an account of ,mr4 ,thomas ,savery's engine for raising water by the help of fire40 ,it states that ,mr4 ,savery1 on the #adth of ,june1 #afii3--8;,entertained the ,royal ,society with shewing a model of his ,engine for raising water by the help of fire1 which he set to work before them2 the experiment succeeded according to expectation1 and to their satisfaction4 ,the ,engine may be understood by the draughts of it1 where ,fig4 #a is the front of the ,engine for raising water by fire2 and ,fig4 #b1 the side prospect of the ,engine4 8,a1 is the furnace2 ,b1 the boiler2 ,c1 two cocks which convey the steam from the bottom in order to discharge it again at the top2 ,d1 which convey the steam by turns1 to the vessel ,d4 the vessels which receive the water from the bottom in order to discharge it again at the top2 ,e1 valves2 ,f1 cocks which keep up the water1 while the valves on occasion are cleaned2 ,g1 the force pipe2 ,h1 the sucking pipe2 and ,i1 the water40 ,illustration3 ,savery's ,engine1 #afii ,neither at the time nor afterwards does the invention appear to have attracted any further notice in that quarter4 ,the next account we have of it is afforded by 8,the ,miners ,friend1 or an ,engine to raise ,water by ,fire10 by ,thomas ,savery1 ,gent41 #agjb2 in which the invention appears with two furnaces1 instead of one1 and with other details4 ,in his description he refers to two vessels1 marked ,p1 ,no4 #a1 and ,p1 ,no4 #b1 which correspond with the two receivers above1 marked ,d1 ,d4 ,remarking on these1 in ,in the above #fhth ,article1 the 8,the ,miners ,friend10 ,savery ,marquis of ,w 8,a man that tends says3--8,so that ,p1 ,no4 #a1 is by the work is but to turn two the external pressure of the cocks1 that one vessel of water atmosphere1 immediately refilled1 being consumed1 another begins to while ,p1 ,no4 #b1 is emptying2 force and refil with cold water1 which being done1 you push the and so successively1 the fire handle of the regulator from you1 being tended and kept constant1 and throw the force on ,p1 ,no4 #a1 which the self-same person may pulling the condensing pipe over likewise abundantly perform ,p1 ,no4 #b1 causing the steam in between the necessity of turning that vessel to condense1 so that the said cocks40 it fills while the other empties4 ,the labour of turning these two ,and in ,no4 #ajj1 he says1 parts of the engine1 viz4 the 8a child's force bringeth up an regulator and water-cock1 and hundred feet high1 an incredible tending the fire1 being no more quantity of water40 that what a boy's strength can perform for a day together 99 99 99 yet1 after all1 ,i would have men4 99 99 990 ,we do not purpose to press any charge against ,savery1 but simply to relate what is on record respecting the engine he put forward2 and to notice here the remarkable coincidence between his description1 and that given by the ,marquis #cb years before4 ,the ,marquis writes in the singular number of 8the fire10 thereby indicating a single furnace2 and in ,savery's first drawing we find the model represented with one furnace4 ,then in 8,the ,miners ,friend10 we have parts described agreeing precisely with the preceding article1 ,no4 #fh4 ,and at the particular point just quoted1 we have even a closer analogy1 in the use of the very same words in reference to the same parts--turning and tending4 ,and while1 in ,no4 #ajj1 the ,marquis informs us what 8a child's force0 can perform2 here ,savery speaks of 8a boy's strength10 which is enlarged on1 however1 by recommending a man's services4 ,the next earliest notice we find of this engine is given by ,richard ,bradley1 ,f4,r4,s41 in his 8,new ,improvements of ,planting and ,gardening10 #hvo4 #agah1 who1 in the third part1 at page #age1 supplies an engraving of 8the late ,mr4 ,savory1 ,f4,r4,s410,n his engine1 as set up by him 8for that curious gentleman ,mr4 ,balle of ,cambden ,house40 ,it is represented as a spherical boiler1 capable of holding forty gallons1 supported on a tripod1 with a fire on the ground underneath4 ,it is connected with a bell-shaped receiver of thirteen gallons capacity1 supplied below with a pipe sixteen feet long1 and above with a pipe to elevate the water1 forty-two feet4 ,the steam pressure is stated to be capable of discharging fifty-two gallons per minute1 the pipes being of three inches bore2 and the original cost of the whole was #ej4 ,in #agbi1 ,stephen ,switzer published his 8,introduction to a general system of ,hydrostaticks10 in two volumes quarto4 ,he says3-- 8,amongst the several ,engines which have been contrived for the raising of water for the supply of houses and gardens1 none has been more justly surprising than that of the raising of water by fire2 the particular contrivance and sole invention of a gentleman1 with whom ,i had the honour long since to be well acquainted2 ,i mean the ingenious ,captain ,savery1 some time since deceased1 but then a most noted engineer1 and one of the ,commissioners of the ,sick and ,wounded4 ,this gentleman's thoughts 7as appears by a preface of his to a little book1 entitled1 #8,the ,miners' ,friend'71 were always employed in ,hydrostatics and ,hydraulics2 and the first hint from which it is said he took his engine1 was from a tobacco pipe1 which he immersed to wash or cool it1 as is sometimes done2 he discovered by the rarefaction of the air in the tube by the heat or steam of the water1 and the gravitation or impulse of the exterior air1 that the water was made to spring through the tube of the pipe in a wonderful surprising manner2 though others say1 that the learned ,marquis of ,worcester1 in his #8,century of ,inventions1' 7which book ,i have not seen71 see page #fh1 gave the first hint for this raising water by fire40--,vol4 ii4 p4 #cbe4 ,thirty-four years later1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,desaguliers1 ,f4,r4,s41 and ,chaplain to ,his ,royal ,highness1 ,frederick1 late ,prince of ,wales1 c41 published his 8,course of ,experimental ,philosophy10 in two volumes1 quarto1 #agfc4 ,his #acth section is a discourse on the 8,fire-engine10 as the steam-engine was then designated4 ,and the following lecture treats largely on the ,marquis of ,worcester's present article in the 8,century10 which he quotes and then observes3-- 8,captain ,savery1 having read the ,marquis of ,worcester's book1 was the first who put in practice the raising ,water by ,fire1 which he proposed for the draining of mines4 ,his ,engine is described in ,harris's ,lexicon 7on the word ,engine71 which being compared with the ,marquis of ,worcester's description1 will easily appear to have been taken from him2 though ,captain ,savery denied it1 and the better to conceal the matter1 bought up all the ,marquis of ,worcester's books that he could purchase in ,pater-,noster-,row1 and elsewhere1 and burned them in the presence of the gentleman his friend1 who told me this4 ,he said that he found out the power of steam by chance1 and invented the following story to persuade people to believe it1 viz41 that having drank a flask of ,florence at a tavern1 and thrown the empty flask upon the fire1 he called for a bason of water to wash his hands1 and perceiving that the little wine left in the flask had filled up the flask with steam1 he took the flask by the neck1 and plunged the mouth of it under the surface of the water in the bason1 and the water of the bason was immediately driven up into the flask by the pressure of the air40 ,desaguliers doubts the veracity of this bottle story1 and we may well agree with him1 when we find that in another version the discovery is attributed to a tobacco-pipe4 ,he proceeds3--8,captain ,savery made a great many experiments to bring this machine to perfection1 and did erect several1 which raised water very well for gentlemen's seats2 but could not succeed for mines1 or supplying towns1 where the water was to be raised very high1 and in great quantities3 for then the steam required being boiled up to such a strength1 as to be ready to tear all the vessels to pieces4 ,i have known ,captain ,savery1 at ,york-,buildings1 make steam eight or ten times stronger than common air2 and then its heat was so great1 that it would melt common soft solder2 and its strength so great as to blow open several of the joints of his machine3 so that he was forced to be at the pains and charge to have all his joints soldered with spelter or hard solder40--,pp4 #dfd-dfg4 ,the serious accusation made against ,savery of deriving all his information from the ,marquis of ,worcester's invention1 and destroying all he could procure relating to the ,marquis1 rests solely on the authority of ,desaguliers1 to whom it was related by one of ,savery's friends6 ,in #afii1 the ,marquis's ,act had yet #fc years unexpired1 had the ,duke of ,beaufort felt disposed to investigate how far ,savery's engine interfered with his father's invention2 but no such interest was excited1 nor had ,savery at any time so much success as to induce such an inquiry4 ,but1 in #afii1 the ,marquis had only been dead #cb years1 and we have proof that his engine was in existence in #afgj1 reducing the space of time to #bi years2 by no means an unlikely period for ,savery to find parts of the large engine1 or models of a small one1 or drawings1 or ,,ms4 descriptions1 or verbal details from eye-witnesses1 from among some of the many visitants to ,vauxhall1 if1 indeed1 not directly from descendants of the 8incomparable workman10 ,kaltoff4 ,savery's connection with the mining interests of the country would appear to have first drawn his attention to the value of a scheme1 proposing to raise vast bodies of water by the aid of a most stupendous power4 ,he might1 when a mere youth1 have heard enough of the ,marquis's invention1 however vaguely communicated1 to excite his curiosity1 and decide him on a course of action whenever an opportunity should occur4 ,after a lapse of more than a century and a half1 ,savery's claim is not likely to be materially disturbed2 but it will always be a matter of interest to observe the close similarity there is between the simple model he exhibited before the ,royal ,society1 and the ,marquis of ,worcester's brief summary of the parts and nature of his own engine4 ,and it is not very favourable to a belief in ,savery's independence of the ,marquis's invention1 that the former should be the sole inventor of a single marvellous production of ingenuity1 without producing any novelty either before or afterwards1 or displaying any particular inventive ability to improve on this early effort1 which he left as at first produced4 8,the ,miners ,friend0 is not unlike an imitation of the 8,exact and true definition of the most ,stupendous ,water-commanding ,engine20 for example3-- ,the ,,marquis',s invention is ,,savery recommends the ,engine recommended 8to every he proposes3-- individual1 if he either have #d4 8,as for draining fens and surrounded ,marsh-ground to marshes10 c4 drain1 or dryland to improve40 8,thus whole cities may be kept #c4 8,nothing can be more fit for clean1 delightful1 and serving cities and towns wholesome40 with water40 8,or1 if he have 7,i further say71 #f4 8,for draining of mines and coal ,mines wherewith to enrich pits1 the use of the engine himself withal40 will sufficiently recommend itself in raising water so easy and cheap40 8,houses to be served1 or #b4 8,it may be of great use for gardens to be beautified by palaces1 for the nobilities1 plentiful fountains1 with or gentlemen's houses2 for little charge1 yet certain in by a cistern on the top of ever so dry a ,summer40 a house 99 99 99 which water in its fall makes you what sorts of fountains you please40 ,savery says3--8,and though my thoughts have been long imployed about water-works1 ,i should never have pretended to any invention of that kind1 had ,i not happily found out this new1 but yet a much stronger and cheaper force or cause of motion than any before made use of4 ,but finding this of rarefaction by fire1 the consideration of the difficulties the miners and colliers labour under by the frequent disorders1 cumbersomness1 and in general of water-engines1 incouraged me to invent engines to work by this new force1 that tho' ,i was obliged to incounter the oddest and almost insuperable difficulties1 ,i spared neither time1 pains1 nor money till ,i had absolutely conquer'd them40 ,savery is reputed to have died in #agae1 therefore he was very probably between #dj and #ej years of age in #afii2 and he might have commenced his investigations into the existence of the ,marquis's inventions1 models1 books1 papers1 drawings1 and traditional statements at #be or #cj years of age1 still leaving him from #ae to #bj years to complete his search for information4 ,if he died at #fj years of age1 he would be #ab years old when the ,marquis died4 ,at all events he had ample leisure1 and the period was promising for such an inquiry4 ,in his time neither writers nor inventors were very scrupulous in their adoption of the labours of others2 the wholesale literary plunder then practised by compilers1 would not be permitted in modern times1 nor would it be attempted by any author of moderate reputation4 ,invention1 on the contrary1 has always been a doubtful sort of preserve1 the rights of which have been contested with fearless impunity by every poacher down to the present period4 ,in the #afth and #agth centuries particularly1 no rights were so ill defined as those of the inventor1 even in the face of patents1 and ,acts of ,parliament4 ,but the rights of a deceased inventor were still less sacred in public opinion1 and there never has been1 at any time1 an organized body interested in detecting and exposing unjust assumptions of being a true and first inventor4 ,savery claimed perfect independence of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 and promulgated a story to parallel that of the pot-lid1 usually related in reference to his predecessor's invention1 while 7as is pretended7 he was a prisoner in the ,tower4 ,let us now compare certain dates and circumstances to see how far they favour ,dr4 ,desaguliers' charge4 ,on the #beth of ,july1 #afih1 ,thomas ,savery1 ,gentleman1 had granted to him a #ad years' patent for 8,a new ,invention for raising of ,water and occasioning motion to all sorts of ,mill ,work by the impellent force of fire40 ,within six months afterwards1 on the #bast of ,january1 #afii1 died the only son and heir of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 ,henry ,duke of ,beaufort1 at #gj years of age4 ,within three months after his ,grace's decease ,savery had a ,bill brought into the ,house of ,lords1 which1 on the #fth of ,april1 was reported to the ,house of ,commons1 and passed on the #beth of the same month4 ,this private ,act extended the patent privilege over #ba years further1 making #ce years4 ,on the #adth of ,june following1 it is stated in the ,royal ,society's ,transactions1 8,mr4 ,savery entertained the ,society with shewing the model of his engine for raising water by the help of fire40 7,see page #dhe47 ,dr4 ,hook was then living1 but died on the #crd of ,march1 #agjb4 ,above #ch years had elapsed since his visit to ,kaltoff1 to see the engine at ,vauxhall2 and he could have spoken to the merits of ,savery's engine1 as compared with what he had earlier seen1 had his age and health permitted1 or his inclination prompted him so to act4 ,on the decease of ,dr4 ,hook1 there was published 8,the ,miners ,friend10 7#agjb71 by ,thomas ,savery1,o ,gentleman4 ,he there speaks of his model shown to the ,royal ,society1 8,june the #adth1 #afii10 thanking the ,society for 8your kindness in countenancing this invention ,,in ,,its ,,first ,,appearance ,,in ,,the ,,world20 that is1 within six months after the death of the ,duke of ,beaufort4 ,the ,patent of #afih1 like all patents of that period1 contains no more account of ,savery's engine than the mere title1 or designation of the nature and intention of the invention2 therefore1 when the ,act of ,parliament was applied for and obtained1 there had still been no publication indicating the modus operandi4 ,it was not until the #adth of ,june1 #afii1 that the ,invention made its first appearance in the world1 in the rooms of the ,royal ,society4 ,and it was not until #agjb1 that ,savery published any account of his invention1 and we then expect to learn something interesting in regard to the wonderful discovery4 ,but all he has to say on the matter is in these few lines 8,and though my thoughts have been long employed about water-works1 ,i should never have pretended to any invention of that kind1 had ,i not happily found out this new1 but yet a much stronger and cheaper force or cause of motion than any ,,before made use of4 ,but finding this of rarefaction by fire1 the consideration of the difficulties the miners and colliers labour under by the frequent disorders1 cumbersomeness1 and in general of water-engines1 encouraged me to invent engines to work by this new force1 that though ,i was obliged to encounter the oddest and almost insuperable difficulties1 ,i spared neither time1 pains1 nor money1 till ,i had absolutely conquered them40 ,this stoicism and total absence of the least ray of mental enthusiasm are the first remarkable circumstances to strike our observation4 ,here1 after a lapse of three years1 some encouragement1 and writing on the matter of a great discovery1 the precious jewel is treated as if it were of the nature of the most ordinary pump4 8,and though my thoughts have been long employed about water-works10 yet we are to presume that he never heard of the great 8,water-commanding ,engine0 at ,vauxhall1 #cj years previous4 ,he believes in his having 8found out this new1 but yet a much stronger and cheaper force than any before made use of10 yet never1 even remotely1 declares how or in what way he came by it4 8,but finding this of rarefaction by fire10 as he says1 we on our part naturally ask1 ,and pray where and how did you find it8 ,he names the considerations that 8encouraged him to invent engines to work by this new force20 but from the time of producing the model of #afii to the last improvement of #agjb1 there was no essential difference2 the invention remained the same throughout4 ,the only difficulties in his way were1 in his own words1 8the oddest and most insuperable10 but we are left to guess in what their oddness consisted4 ,he finally states1 in his first chapter3--8,i may modestly affirm that the adventurer or supervisor of the mine will be freed from that perpetual charge1 expence1 and trouble of repairs which all other engines ever yet employed in mines for the raising of water are continually liable unto40 ,in ,article ,no4 #ajj1 of the 8,century10 however1 it is shortly but expressly urged1 as one important point1 that the engine works1 8with little charge1 to drain all sorts of mines1 c40 ,it appears from documents dated #affd1 relating to ,vauxhall1 that ,caspar ,kaltoff is named therein as 8lately deceased40,p ,so that in #afii ,thomas ,savery was left in full possession of the field he had entered upon4 ,the facts and dates now furnished1 are not very favourable to the genuineness of ,savery's ,invention4 ,for it is not likely that all trace of the 8,water-commanding ,engine0 would have been lost between #afgj and #afii1 when ,kaltoff's family were still living1 as also many persons who had witnessed the performance of the great engine at ,vauxhall4 ,it is true that the last we hear of it is not later than #afgj1 but it was then the property of the ,dowager ,marchioness1 who died in #afha1 and her ,ladyship would most likely1 from respect1 as well as from personal interest in the matter1 not permit the engine to be sold or destroyed4 ,then from #afha to #afii1 reduces the probability of its existence up to a period within #ah years1 taking the dates to the uttermost limit1 although we can easily understand that for the whole or a large portion of those #ah years ,savery was in possession of all the facts he would require for coming before the public on the decease of ,kaltoff1 the ,dowager ,marchioness of ,worcester1 and the ,duke of ,beaufort2 the latter being the last party interested in the invention1 and likely1 during his life1 to frustrate such a design4 ,but what papers could he procure at ,paternoster ,row for destruction8 #a4 ,there was a pamphlet1 being the ,definition and ,act1 the latter printed in black letter4 #b4 ,there was the 8,definition0 itself1 printed in the form of a posting bill4 ,and1 #c1 there was the 8,century40 ,all these were printed #affc to #affd1 and are editions which are now remarkably scarce4 ,there are only about three copies of the ,act1 and one of the 8,definition10 known to exist1 while the few copies of the 8,century0 of #affc1 are rarely indeed to be found in private collections4 ,but1 besides these1 it was quite possible to procure1 within #ae or #bj years after his decease1 even manuscripts1 drawings1 and books1 the property of the deceased ,marquis1 more or less referring to his great invention4 ,even admitting that ,savery was an independent inventor in #afii1 notwithstanding so many conflicting circumstances pointing to a different conclusion1 he could not have been working many years at ,york ,buildings in the ,strand1 without hearing of the ,engine at ,vauxhall1 invented by the proprietor of ,worcester ,house in the ,strand4 ,this very propinquity alone was sufficient to excite in the mind of some intelligent1 inquisitive1 and observant visitor the fact1 which so singular a coincidence would obviously suggest4 ,while1 however1 everybody else is viewing the engine of ,savery's reputed invention with astonishment1 ,savery himself is present to our mind only as a cold calculating man1 proud1 not of being a ,captain over ,mines1 but of being designated 8,gentleman20 and while thus precise to inform the world of his gentility1 he leaves us in perfect ignorance of his mental acquirements1 or the origin of the marvellous engine4 ,it may appear to some1 that his exhibiting of the model before the ,royal ,society is at once evidence of straightforwardness and uprightness of conduct4 ,but this view is open to the objection1 that he had never before shown the model1 and he thanks the ,royal ,society for 8countenancing this ,invention on its first appearance in the world40 ,from the #beth of ,july #afih1 to the #adth of ,june #afii1 he had been nursing the invention in secret4 ,what doubts could remain in his mind1 when all persons likely to be most interested were no longer in existence8 ,men of science alone remained1 who might possibly disturb his claims1 and what means could be found more likely to set this doubt at rest1 than a bold appeal to that learned body8 ,and come of it what might1 there would still remain to him the question of improvements2 supposing the grand claim to originality to become a matter of dispute4 ,but to ,savery's great satisfaction1 if not to his greater surprise1 so far from a word of dissent being raised1 there was 7contrary to all precedent7 a certificate given in favour of the invention at ,savery's request4 ,savery's career may be taken as commencing in #afii1 thirty-two years after the decease of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 thirty-six years from the date of the 8,century of ,inventions10 or thirty-nine years after the establishment of the ,royal ,society1 and yet his operations made slight impression on the public1 and scarcely any on scientific society4 ,this circumstance removes much of the surprise we might otherwise seriously entertain respecting the occasion of the ,marquis of ,worcester's own publications and personal labours1 during four arduous years of excessive mental and physical activity1 leaving little behind to attest the extent of his operations and the precise nature of the difficulties with which he had to contend4 ,great strides must have been made in arts1 manufactures and trade1 during the intervening thirty-two years1 all in favour of ,savery's progress1 and yet1 with the exception of ,dr4 ,papin1 scientific men were not attracted by the remarkable results which ,savery prominently placed before the public2 and ,savery's own exposition before the ,royal ,society is abridged to a single copper-plate engraving1 and the shortest possible printed reference to its several details4 ,thus was this true mechanical prodigy of the age treated as though it were of little or no interest4 ,when we compare this long continued apathetic feeling1 this absence of forecast to form some strikingly favourable judgment of the value of the novelty thus published1 although in its earliest stage1 with the superior knowledge on the subject evinced by the writings1 labour1 and conduct of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 at least thirty-six years before ,savery2 it is then1 and then only1 perhaps1 that we become fully alive to his almost prescient judgment1 that could1 as if inspired1 prognosticate so truthfully as he did the future benefits of his invention to mankind4 #fi4 ,a way how a little triangle#b scrued ,key1 not weighing a ,shilling1 shall#c be capable and strong enough to bolt and unbolt round about a great ,chest an hundred ,bolts through fifty ,staples1 two in each1 with a direct contrary motion1 and as many more from both sides and ends1 and at the self-same time shall fasten it to a place beyond a mans natural strength to take it away3 and in one and the same turn both locketh and openeth it4 ,footnotes #b triangle and4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 #c not weighing a shilling - omitted4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,a triangle ,key4 ,this ingenious trifle may be really only one part of another instrument1 just as we see in the cutting portion of a centre bit1 which1 if its operation were attempted to be described after the same fashion1 would afford a perplexing and seemingly paradoxical statement4 ,yet no doubt the little triangle key was capable to the full of performing the duty here stated4 #gj4 ,a ,key with a ,rose-turning pipe1 and two ,roses pierced through endwise#d the ,bit thereof1#e with several handsomly-contriv'd ,wards1 which may likewise do the same effects4#f ,footnotes #d endwise2 together with4 ,p4 #e together--for thereof4 #f effect4 ,a ,rose-,key4 #ga4 ,a key perfectly square1 with a ,scrue turning within it1 and more conceited then any#g of the rest1#h and no heavier then the triangle-scrued ,key1 and doth the same effects4 ,footnotes #g either--for any4 ,p4 #h other--for rest4 ,a square ,key with a turning scrue4 ,these two contrivances are simply variations on ,article ,no4 #fi1 and may depend for sufficient leverage on some source purposely kept out of view4 #gb4 ,an ,escocheon#i to be placed before any of these ,locks with these properties4 #a4 ,the owner 7though a woman7 may with her delicate hand vary the wayes of coming to open the ,lock ten millions of times1 beyond the knowledge of the ,smith that made it1 or of me who invented it4 #b4 ,if a stranger open it1 it setteth an ,alarm a-going1 which the stranger cannot stop from running out2 and besides1 though none should be within hearing1 yet it catcheth his hand1 as a ,trap doth a ,fox2 and though far from maiming him1 yet it leaveth such a mark behind it1 as will discover him if suspected2 the ,escocheon#i or#a4 ,lock plainly shewing what monies#b he hath taken out of the ,box to a farthing1 and how many times opened since the owner hath been in#c it4 ,footnotes #i ,a ,schuchion4 ,,ms4 escutcheon4 ,p4 #i ,scuchion4 ,,ms4 escutcheon4 ,p4 #a or the4 #b money4 ,p4 #c at it4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,an ,escocheon for all ,locks4 ,stow1 in his ,annals of ,queen ,elizabeth1 has particularly distinguished ,mark ,scaliot as a clever blacksmith2 and ,dr4 ,robert ,plot1 in his 8,natural ,history of ,staffordshire10 #afhd1 especially notices the elaborate1 ingenious1 and expensive locks made by several eminent ,staffordshire locksmiths4 ,he observes3--8,the greatest excellency of the blacksmith's profession1 that ,i could hear of in this county1 lies in their making locks40 ,he then explains at large a certain kind of locks with a master's key1 and inferior keys for the servants2 and supposing any servant to trifle with such locks1 the master or mistress can 8certainly tell how many times that servant has been in1 at any distance of time2 or how many times the lock has been shot for a whole year together40 ,he also says3 8,i was told of a very fine lock made in this town 7,stafford7 sold for twenty pounds1 that had a set of chimes in it1 that would go at any hour the owner should think fit40 #gc4 ,a transmittible ,gallery over any ,ditch or ,breach in a ,town-wall1 with a ,blinde and ,parapit ,cannon-proof4 ,a transmittible ,gallery4 ,the perusal of the elaborately illustrated works of ,vegetius1 ,vitruvius1 ,fludd1 and other writers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries1 would abundantly furnish the ,marquis of ,worcester with hints to show what had been done in such warlike machinery1 and to stimulate him to make improvements4 ,such an invention as the present one1 with others of a like magnitude1 he probably never proved practically beyond satisfying himself by means of well made models1 that whatever modifications he proposed to introduce were mechanically practicable4 #gd4 ,a ,door1 whereof the turning of a ,key1 with the help and motion of the handle1 makes the hinges to be of either side1 and to open either inward or outward1 as one is to enter or to#d go out1 or to open in half4 ,footnote #e to--omitted4 ,a conceited ,door4 ,van ,etten1 in his ,mathematical ,recreations1 offers as ,problem ,,xv4 8,how to make a ,door or ,gate1 which shall open on both sides40 ,it is represented that 8,all the skill and subtilty of this1 rests in the artificiall disposer of four plates of iron40 ,the description1 which is very imperfect1 concludes--8the gate will open upon one side with the aforesaid plates1 or hooks of iron2 and by the help of the other two plates1 will open upon the other side40 ,oughtred's ed4 #afec1 page #cj4 ,the ,marquis may have conceived his own plan to be a most decided improvement upon this primitive design4 #ge4 ,how a ,tape or ,ribbon-weaver#e may set down a whole discourse1 without knowing a letter1 or interweaving any thing suspicious of other secret then a new-fashioned ,ribbon4#f ,footnotes #e riband-weaver4 ,p4 #f riband4 ,p4 ,a ,discourse woven in ,tape or ,ribbon4 ,this article should have followed article ,no4 #dc1 of which it seems to be one of the 8variations0 therein contemplated4 #gf4 ,how to write in the dark as streight as by day or candle-light4 ,to write in the dark4 ,this would appear only to require a box of any form1 the top or lid of which being of ground glass1 it could be illuminated by means of a small night-light placed below1 within the box2 when it would be possible to write on paper laid on the glass1 in a totally dark room4 ,such a device might be useful to an inexpert artist for making a tracing of any drawing4 #gg4 ,how to make a man to fly2 which ,i have tried with a little ,boy of ten years old in a ,barn1 from one end to the other1 on a ,hay-mow4 ,a flying man4 ,one feels disposed to believe1 on reading this article1 that the ,marquis1 in multiplying his experiments with fire and water1 might have tried in different ways the effects of heating air1 and actually gone far to anticipate ,montgolfier in producing a balloon4 ,however1 it was confidently believed in the #agth century that flying was possible1 provided proper machinery could be invented4 ,there is a curious little work on this subject1 8,de arte ,volandi10 by ,frid4 ,hermannus ,flayder1 small #abmo4 #afbg4 ,milton1 in his 8,history of ,britain10 #afgj1 speaking of the prognostications of ,elmer1 a monk of ,malmsbury1 during the reign of ,harold1 mentions that--8,he in his youth strangely aspiring1 had made and fitted wings to his hands and feet2 with these on the top of a tower1 spread out to gather air1 he flew more than a furlong2 but the wind being too high1 came fluttering down1 to the maiming of all his limbs2 yet so conceited of his art1 that he attributed the cause of his fall to the want of a tail1 as birds have1 which he forgot to make to his hinder parts40 ,see also ,kennet's ,history of ,england1 #ast vol4 #agjf1 fol4 ,in 8,friar ,bacon's discovery of the miracles of ,art1 ,nature1 c40 published in #abmo4 #afei1 treating 8,of admirable artificial instruments10 the following occurs among other inventions3 8,it is possible to make engines for flying1 a man sitting in the midst whereof1 by turning only about an instrument1 which moves artificial wings made to beat the air1 much after the fashion of a bird's flight40 ,chap4 iv4 page #ag4 ,he states that he has seen all his other named inventions1 8excepting only that instrument of flying1 which ,i never saw1 or know any who hath seen it1 though ,i am exceedingly acquainted with a very prudent man1 who hath invented the whole artifice40 ,the learned ,dr4 ,robert ,hooke1 ,professor of ,geometry at ,gresham ,college1 in #afee1 made many ineffectual trials to accomplish this object1 which he communicated to the celebrated ,bishop ,wilkins1 who considered his plans were very ingenious4 ,lord ,bacon was not above recommending experimental investigation of means for flying4 ,and ,bishop ,wilkins suggests1 that the most obvious way for effecting the desired purpose is 8by wings fastened immediately to the body1 this coming nearest to the imitation of nature20 and further1 8this is that way which ,fredericus ,hermannus ,flayder1 in his little discourse1 ,de ,arte volandi1 doth only mention and insist upon40 ,in #afgi1 ,dr4 ,robert ,hooke1 while ,secretary of the ,royal ,society1 published 8,lectiones ,cutlerian1 a collection of ,lectures made before the ,royal ,society10 #dto4 consisting of a series of pamphlets1 among which1 ,no4 #a of the 8,philosophical ,collections10 contains eleven articles1 the fourth being1 8,an account of the ,sieur ,bernier's way of ,flying10 as follows3-- 8,having lately seen an account from ,france of a person there1 who1 with some considerable success1 has attempted to raise and sustain himself1 and so to move and fly in the air by the help of mechanical or artificial wings1 agitated only by his own strength1 without the assistance of any other either animate or inanimate power2 ,i thought it might not be unacceptable to the curious to receive some 7though imperfect7 account thereof4 8,it is1 ,i confess1 no new design1 since there has hardly been an age wherein some one or other of these ,ddalian engineers have not been trying the strength of their invention about it4 ,the story of ,ddalus and ,icarus might have its ground from the attempts of some persons about this matter1 though poetic relations have made it seem romantic4 ,what the performances of ,simon ,magus were is uncertain2 they might have been somewhat mechanical4 ,that attempt of one of our ,english kings is delivered to us for true history3 whether so or no1 ,i determine not4 ,but without doubt1 it was believed possible1 and attempted also in the time of our famous ,friar ,roger ,bacon1 who lived about #ejj years since4 ,now1 though he was believed a magician or conjuror1 and to have performed what was related of him by the help of diabolical magic1 yet from the perusal of several of his excellent works yet extant1 ,i esteem him no such person2 but ,i rather find him to have been a good mathematician1 a knowing mechanic1 a rare chemist1 and a most accomplished experimental philosopher1 which was a miracle for that dark age4 ,this man affirms the art of flying possible1 and that he himself knew how to make an engine1,q in which a man sitting1 might be able to carry himself through the air like a bird4 ,and affirms that there was then another person who had actually tried it with good success4 ,the stories of ,architas his wooden dove1 and ,regiomontanus his wooden eagle1 are not much doubted of4 ,questionless1 those persons did make some kind of engines to perform what was considerable in this art of flying4 ,busbequius his story of the ,turk at ,constantinople1 that attempted to fly1 is not doubted4 ,nor are other relations of late attempts made in ,germany1 and elsewhere disbelieved4 ,we have not wanted late instances1 even here in ,england1 of several ingenious men who have employed their wits and time about this design4 ,particularly1 ,i have been credibly informed1 that one ,mr4 ,gascoyn did about #dj years since try it with good effect2 though he since dying1 the thing also died with him4 ,and even now there are not wanting some in ,england who affirm themselves able to do it1 and that they have proved as much by experiment4 8,but of all these1 we have little or no account of the ways they have taken to effect their designs1 and therefore conjectures will be much at random2 only we may conclude them defective in somewhat or other1 since we do not find them brought into common use1 which the desirableness and usefulness of any one that should succeed would certainly cause it to be4 ,i shall desist therefore from inquiry further concerning them1 and acquaint you with two ways lately published in print1 and more particularly described1 which pretended to some considerable performance of this kind40 ,the first is inserted in the 8,journal des ,scavans0 of the year #afgh4 ,then follow a letter on the subject1 and an account of ,lana's flying chariot4 ,the latter is like a boat with wheels and sails2 the former was the invention of ,sieur ,besnier1 a smith of ,sable in the county of ,maine4 ,the engraving represents a nude figure with two poles held horizontally on each shoulder1 about the centre1 and having at each end flags or wings1 in form of folio book backs1 with the two back ends of the poles attached by strings to the feet2 affording altogether a very feeble attempt to obtain the desired object4 ,the privilege of flight by any mechanical means is denied to man2 his figure1 weight1 muscular constitution1 all operate against his imitating the bird1 which1 admirably proportioned1 light in frame1 yet concentrating powerful muscular strength in its wings1 well adapt it for enduring prolonged aerial flight1 although the medium in which it floats is eight-hundred times lighter than water4 ,if flight in the air is ever to be mechanically attained1 it will be by a machine1 worked independently of man's power1 and which possibly will neither be so safe nor so manageable as the common balloon1 with all its hazards and wayward guideless journeyings4 #gh4 ,a ,watch to go constantly1 and yet needs no other winding from the first setting on the ,cord or ,chain1 unless it be broken1 requiring no other care from one then to be now and then consulted with concerning the hour of the day or night2 and if it be laid by a week together1 it will not erre much1 but the oftener looked upon1 the more exact it sheweth the time of the day or night4 ,a continually-going ,watch4 ,a watch having the dial enclosed under a metal case1 as in hunting watches1 is no doubt to be so contrived that the opening and closing of such case1 to ascertain the time1 shall act more or less to wind it up4 ,a room door has been thus made to transmit power through attached levers to keep a clock constantly wound little by little1 every time on opening and closing the door4 ,his list of certain of his inventions gives a different reading to this article2 as follows3--8,i can render an ordinary watch1 which1 being once wound up1 will go constantly during a man's life1 being used but once in #bd hours2 and1 though oftener looked on1 it is still the same2 and though not looked on for a week1 still the same1 if not bruised40--,see ,appendix ,a4 ,and in his patent of #affj1 we have again a third reading1 viz3--8,to make a watch or clock without string or chain1 or any other kind of winding up but what of necessity must follow1 if the owner or keeper of the said watch or clock will know the hour of day or night2 and yet if he lay it aside several days or weeks without looking or meddling with it1 it shall go very well1 and as justly as most watches that ever were made40--,see ,appendix ,b4 ,in 8,humane ,industry10 chapter ,i1 occur the following remarks1 8,on ,dials10 page #h3--8,the wit of man hath been luxuriant and wanton in the inventions of late years2 some have made watches so small and light1 that ladies hang them at their ears like pendants and jewels2 the smallness and variety of tools that are used about these small engines1 seem to me no less admirable than the engines themselves2 and there is more art and dexterity in placing so many wheels and axles in so small a compass 7for some ,french watches do not exceed the compass of a farthing7 than in making clocks and great machines40 ,it is also stated at page #i1 that 8,in some towns of ,germany and ,italy1 there are very rare and elaborate clocks to be seen in their ,town ,halls2 wherein a man may read ,astronomy1 and never look up to the skies40 ,we are next informed3 8,but the exactest clocks and watches that are1 are defective1 and want correction2 for in watches1 the first half hour goes faster than the last half1 and the second hour is slower than the first1 and the third then the second40 ,page #ab4 #gi4 ,a way to lock all the ,boxes of a ,cabinet1 7though never so many7 at one time1 which were by particular ,keys appropriated to each ,lock opened severally1 and independent#g the one of the other1 as much as concerneth the opening of them1 and by these#h means cannot be left opened unawares4 ,footnotes #g this--for these4 #h this--for these4 ,a total locking of ,cabinet-boxes4 ,the fact that by this means no one of the several cabinets can 8be left opened unawares10 exposes the source of security1 namely something like a long key-rod to take hold of each1 or a bar extending down one side to overlap1 when each cabinet drawer or door is closed4 #hj4 ,how to make a ,pistol ,barrel no thicker then a ,shilling1 and yet able to endure a ,musquet proof of ,powder and ,bullet4 ,light ,pistol-barrels4 ,one might almost suppose the ,marquis contemplated a method similar to that recently introduced by ,mr4 ,longridge1 of winding the barrel with wire4 ,see also article ,no4 #dd1 which may1 or not1 refer to the same description of barrel4 #ha4 ,a ,combe-conveyance carrying of#i ,letters without suspicion1 the head being opened with a ,needle-scrue drawing a ,spring towards them#a2 the ,comb being made but after an usual form carried in ones ,pocket4 ,footnotes #i of--omitted4 #a one--for them4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,a ,comb-conveyance for ,letters4 ,the entire ingenuity of the kind of conveyance proposed consists in the skill of the workman to provide a receptacle in so small an article1 not open to suspicion when handled by a spy4 #hb4 ,a ,knife1 ,spoon or ,fork in an usual portable ,case1 may have the like conveyances in their handles4 ,a ,knife1 ,spoon or ,fork-conveyance4 ,william ,bourne's #gcrd ,device is--8,how for to convey letters secretly40 ,one means is to be found in a ,dog's collar4 ,another in a water-tight metal case1 to be inserted within a bottle of wine4 8,inventions or ,devices10 #aegh4 #hc4 ,a ,rasping-mill for ,harts-horn1 whereby a child may do the work of half a dozen men1 commonly taken up with that work4 ,a ,rasping-mill4 ,this description of mill is largely in use for rasping dye-woods1 and has undergone a great variety of modifications4 #hd4 ,an ,instrument whereby persons#b ignorant in ,arithmetick may perfectly observe ,numerations and ,substractions#c of all ,summes and ,fractions4 ,footnotes #b a person4 #c numeration and substraction4 ,,ms4 ,an arithmetical ,instrument4 ,there is in the ,british ,museum a manuscript description1 with a large engraving1 of the serpentine scale invented by ,thomas ,browne1 of ,fenchurch ,street1 ,london1 in #afca1 by means of which 8instrument all kinde of questions in ,arithmetike1 ,geometry1 c4 are speedily resolved40 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,birch ,,ms4 ,no4 #ddjg4 ,sir ,samuel ,morland1 in #afgb-c1 published a small treatise1 being--8,the description and use of two arithmetick ,instruments20 a second title mentions1 8,a new and most useful ,instrument for ,addition and ,substraction of pounds1 shillings1 pence1 and farthings10 which he 8invented and presented to his most excellent ,majesty1 ,charles ,,ii4 #afff40 #he4 ,a little ,ball made in the shape of a ,plum or ,pear1#d being dexterously conveyed or forced into a bodies mouth1 shall presently shoot forth such and so many ,bolts of each side and at both ends1 as#e without the owners ,key can neither be opened or#f filed off1 being made of tempered ,steel1 and as effectually locked as an ,iron ,chest4 ,footnotes #d which being4 #e as that4 #f nor4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,an untoothsome ,pear4 ,it is difficult to understand the intended use of this proposed instrument1 but it is more likely to have been suggested from a feeling of humanity than from any other motive4 ,a desperate and ferocious enemy1 thus rendered helpless before being manacled1 would assuredly be less dangerous than he could otherwise be considered2 and it would not1 therefore1 be requisite to take his life1 for personal safety2 once thus secured he would be likely to listen to any terms of mercy4 #hf4 ,a ,chair made a-la-mode1 and yet a stranger being perswaded to sit in't1 shall have immediately his armes and thighs lock'd up beyond his own power to loosen them4 ,an imprisoning ,chair4 ,in the 8,memoirs1 illustrative of the life and ,writings of ,john ,evelyn1 ,f4,r4,s40 c41 edited by ,william ,bray1 #b vols4 #dto4 #ahai1 occurs the ,diary of his continental travels in #afdd4 ,on the #agth ,nov41 ,evelyn being at ,rome went to the 8,villa ,borghese1 a house and ample garden on ,mons ,pincius40 ,in one of the chambers1 he says1 8are divers sorts of instruments of music2 amongst other toys that of a satyr with so artificially expressed a human voice1 with the motion of eyes and head1 that it might easily affright one who was not prepared for that most extravagant sight4 ,he showed us also a chair which catches any one who sits down in it so as not to be able to stir out1 by certain springs concealed in the arms and back thereof1 which at sitting down surprises a man on the sudden1 locking him in by the arms and thighs1 after a true treacherous ,italian guise40--,vol4 i4 p4 #ajf-ajg4 ,m4 de ,blainville1 in his travels1 #ageg1 relates1 in passing through ,italy1 and describing the ,villa ,borghese1 raised under the ,popedom of ,paul ,v4 uncle of ,cardinal ,scipio ,borghese1 that1 8,in the fourth room of the apartment1 on the south side1 called the room of the ,three ,graces1 there stands a remarkable chair1 said to have been formerly used to very evil purposes1 by one of the ,borghese family4 ,the machine is very artfully contrived1 and strangers who are not acquainted with the trick are infallibly caught1 as in a trap1 when they are prevailed upon to sit in this chair4 ,by this stratagem the housekeeper gets a good many fees1 which the enticed people are obliged to pay him for their deliverance out of captivity4 ,in all appearance1 these innocent deceits were the only thing intended by this piece of machinery40--,vol4 iii4 page #cd4 #hg4 ,a ,brass ,mold to cast ,candles1 in which a man may make #ejj4 dozen in a day1 and adde an ,ingredient to the tallow which will make it cheaper1 and yet so that the ,candles shall look whiter and last longer4 ,a ,candle-mold4 ,this invention seems to include some recipe to whiten the tallow4 ,when the idea of improving candle-moulds suggested itself1 the ,marquis had probably been over some manufactory1 and on seeing the customary mode of candle-making1 the present suggestion may have occurred to him4 ,we have placed it among the few others 7only nine in number71 in his numerous list1 as belonging to the ,domestic ,class1 of which it is the last4 #hh4,r ,how to make a ,brazen or ,stone-head1 in the midst of a great ,field or ,garden1 so artificial and natural1 that though a man speak never so softly1 and even whispers into the ear thereof1 it will presently open its mouth1 and resolve the ,question in ,french1 ,latine1 ,welsh1 ,irish or ,english1 in good terms uttering it out of his mouth1 and then shut it untill the next ,question be asked4 ,a ,brazen head4 ,in a ,,ms4 list of five ,inventions1 8,life1 ,times1 c40 page #caf1 the present article is briefly stated to be3--8,a brass head capable to receive at the ear a whisper1 and the mouth thereof to render answer in any language to the interrogator40 ,in 8,the famous ,history of ,frier ,bacon10 #afcj8 a black letter quarto of #bd leaves unpaged1 the fifth article relates1 8,how ,frier ,bacon made a brazen head to speak1 by the which he would have walled ,england about with brass40 ,he and ,friar ,bungey1 it is stated1 8with great study and pains so framed a head of brass1 that in the inward parts thereof there was all things like as in a natural man's head40 ,the same account may be read at length in the modernised edition of 8,early ,english ,prose ,romances10 edited by ,w4 ,j4 ,thoms1 ,f4,s4,a41 first volume1 #abmo4 #aheh1 page #bje4 ,the unfortunate head only survived to speak thrice1 and then fell to pieces6 ,see also 8,miscellanea ,antiqua ,anglicana10 ,london1 ,printed for ,robert ,triphook1 #ahaf1 #dto4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,in the 8,inventions or ,devices10 by ,william ,bourne1 #aegh1 8,the #aacth ,device is1 as touching the making of strange works1 as the brazen head that did seem to speak1 or birds of wood or metal made by art to fly1 and birds made of wood or metal to sing sweetly at certain hours appointed1 c41 which the common people doth marvel at40 ,he then proceeds to say3-- 8,as touching the making of any strange works that the world hath marvelled at1 as the brazen head that did seem to speak3 and the serpent of brass for to hiss3 or a dove of wood for to fly3 or an eagle made by art of wood and other metal to fly2 and birds made of brass1 tin1 or other metal to sing sweetly1 and such other like devices1 some have thought that it hath been done by enchantment1 which is no such thing1 but that it hath been done by wheels1 as you may see by clocks1 that do keep time1 some going with plummets1 and some with springs1 as those small clocks that be used in tablets to hang about men's necks4 ,and as the brazen head1 that seemed for to speak1 might be made by such wheel work1 to go either by plummets or by springs1 and might have time given unto it1 that at so many hours' end1 then the wheels and other engines should be set to work3 and the voice that they did hear may go with bellows in some trunk of brass or other metal1 with stops to alter the sound1 may be made to seem to speak some words1 according unto the fancy of the inventor1 so that the simple people will marvel at it4 ,and for to make a bird or fowl1 made of wood or metal1 with other things made by art1 to fly1 it is to be done to go with springs1 and so to beat the air with the wings1 as other birds or fowls do1 being of a reasonable lightness1 it may fly3 and also to make birds of metal to sing very sweetly1 and good music1 it may be done with wheels1 to go at any hour or time appointed by plummets1 and then to have pipes of tin or other fine metal1 to go with bellows1 and the pipes to have stops1 and to go with a barrel1 or other such like device1 and may be made to play or sing what note that the inventor shall think good when he doth make it2 and also there may be divers helps to make it to seem pleasant unto the ears of the hearers1 by letting the sound or wind of the pipes pass through or into water1 for that will make a quavering as birds do1 c4 ,and also you may make a small puppet1 either like a man or woman1 to seem to go by wheels and springs1 and shall turn and go circular1 according unto the setting of the wheels and springs1 and also the birds made to fly by art1 to fly circularly1 as it shall please the inventor1 by the placing of the wheels and springs1 and such other like inventions1 which the common people would marvel at1 thinking that it is done by enchantment1 and yet is done by no other means but by good arts and lawful40 ,thomas ,tymme1 in #afab1 published 8,a ,dialogue ,philosophicall10 written in the form of a ,dialogue between ,philadelph and ,theophrast4 ,in the third chapter1 the former observes3--8,i have heard and read of many strange motions artificiall1 as were the inventions of ,boetius1 in whose commendation ,cassiodorus writeth thus3 you know profound things and shew mervailes1 by the disposition of your ,art1 mettals doe lowe in sundrie formes3 ,diomedes picture of brasse1 doth sound a trumpet loude3 a brasen serpent hisseth3 birds artificiall1 sing sweetly4 ,very strange also was the moving of the ,images of ,mercurie3 ,the brasen head which seemed to speake1 made by ,albertus ,magnus3 the ,dove of wood1 which the ,mathematician ,architas1 did make to flie1 as ,agellius reporteth4 ,dedalus strange ,images1 which ,plato speaketh of3 ,vulcans selfe-movers1 whereof ,homer hath written3 the ,iron fly1 made at ,noremberge1 which being let out of the ,artificers hand1 did as it were flie about by the guests that were at the ,table1 and at the last1 as though it were weary1 returned to his masters hand againe4 ,in which ,citie also an artificiall ,eagle was so ordered to flie aloft in the ayre toward the ,emperour coming thither1 that it did accompany him a mighty way40--,page #fc4 ,it is mentioned in ,evelyn's ,memoirs1 that when in ,italy1 in #afdd1 he visited the ,villa ,borghese at ,rome1 where he saw the figure of a satyr1 that 8artfully expressed a human voice40--,see ,note1 ,article #hf4 ,and in his ,diary1 he records3--8#ac ,july1 #afed4 ,we all dined at that most obliging and universally curious ,dr4 ,wilkins's1 at ,wadham ,college ,oxford4 ,he had contrived a hollow statue1 which gave a voice1 and uttered words by a long concealed pipe that went to its mouth1 whilst one speaks through it at a good distance40 ,he also entertained his visitors with 8many other artificial1 mathematical1 and magical curiosities40 ,bishop ,wilkins1 in his 8,mathematicall ,magick10 #afdh1 observes3--8,there have been some inventions also which have been able for the utterance of articulate sounds1 as the speaking of certain words4 ,such are some of the ,egyptian idols related to be4 ,such was the brazen head made by ,friar ,bacon1 and that statue1 in the framing of which ,albertus ,magnus bestowed thirty years1 broken by ,aquinas1 who came to see it1 purposely that he might boast1 how in one minute he had ruined the labour of so many years40 ,proceeding further to consider such inventions1 he says1 8,walchius thinks it possible entirely to preserve the voice1 or any words spoken1 in a hollow trunk1 or pipe40--,p4 #agf1 #agg4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,hooper1 in the second volume of his 8,rational ,recreations10 has an article on 8,the ,conversive ,statue10 requiring the employment of two concave mirrors1 a statue1 and an interlocutor4 ,in regard to this arrangement1 it is remarked3--8,this recreation appears to be taken from the ,century of ,inventions of the ,marquis of ,worcester2 one of those men of sublime genius1 who are able to perform actions infinitely superior to the capacity1 or even the comprehension1 of the mere scholar or man of business2 and though his designs1 at the time they were published1 were treated with ridicule and neglect1 by the great and little vulgar1 who1 judging by their own abilities1 are ever ready to condemn what they cannot comprehend1 yet they are now known to be generally1 if not universally1 practicable40--,edit4 #agid1 pp4 #bbj-bbc4 ,the 8,athenum0 of the #fth ,december1 #ahfb1 announced that--8,a very remarkable talking automaton is exciting the curiosity of the ,parisians4 ,it has been constructed by ,m4 ,faber1 late ,professor of ,mathematics at a ,german university1 and is stated by our contemporary1 #8,cosmos1' to be by far the most successful effort that has been yet made to imitate the human voice4 ,the figure1 which is that of a woman1 is exhibited on the ,boulevard ,magenta40 ,we may here add the following comment on-- ,a ,stamping ,engine4 8,an engine1 without ye least noyse1 knock1 or use of fyre1 to coyne and stamp #ajj lb4 in an houre1 by one man40--,see ,harleian ,,ms4 ,no4 #bdbh4 ,in 8,humane ,industry10 published #affa1 at page #cf1 it is observed1 that1 8,at the ,mint of ,segovia1 in ,spain1 an engine that moves by water1 distendeth an ingot of gold40 ,the ,coining ,mill1 or ,press1 was first introduced from ,france into ,england during ,elizabeth's reign1 but was shortly after abandoned for the old hammer process of stamping with two dies4 ,the invention of the mill is ascribed to an engraver1 who used it in #aeec for coining the ,french king's counters4 ,the new process of coining was completely established in ,france in #afde1 but not in ,england until #affb1 the year before the 8,century0 was published1 which sufficiently accounts for its author not printing the present article4 ,according to the ,rev4 ,rogers ,ruding1 in his 8,annals of the ,coinage10 #ahdj1 no improvement was attempted for upwards of a century1 the modern coining-mill having been invented by ,mr4 ,boulton1 in #aghh4 #hi4 ,white ,silk knotted in the fingers#h of a ,pair of white ,gloves1 and so contrived without suspicion1 that playing at ,primero at ,cards1 one may without clogging his memory keep reckoning of all ,sixes1 ,sevens and ,aces which he hath discarded4#i ,footnotes #h finger4 #i without foul play4 ,,ms4 and ,p4 ,primero ,gloves4 ,although we cannot give a clue to this contrivance for registering reckonings in card-playing1 it is worth noticing the old game indicated3-- ,primero1 according to ,dr4 ,johnson1 is derived from the ,spanish1 which ,minsheu1 coupling with the ,italian1 thus explains1 8primum et primum visum1 that is1 first1 and first seen1 because he that can show such an order of cards1 wins the game40 ,he then quotes as examples3-- 8,i left him at primero with the ,duke of ,suffolk40--,henry ,,viii4 8,the ,spaniard is generally given to gaming1 and that in excess2 their common game at cards is primera40--,howell's ,letters1 i4 iii4 #cb4 8,give me your honest trick1 yet1 at primero1 or gleek40--,ben ,jonson's ,alchemist4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,w4 ,singer affords some curious information on ,primero1 in his excellent 8,researches into the ,history of ,cards10 quarto1 #ahaf4 ,it appears to be uncertain whether it is of ,italian or ,spanish origin4 ,primero1 prime1 and primavista1 are the same game1 differently designated4 ,it was very popular in the reign of ,queen ,elizabeth2 and1 as we have seen1 is mentioned by ,shakespeare2 indeed1 it is supposed to have been one of the earliest played card games in ,england4 #ij4 ,a most dexterous ,dicing ,box1 with holes transparent1 after the usual fashion1 with a ,device so dexterous1 that with a knock of it against the ,table the four good ,dice are fastened1 and it#a looseneth four false ,dice made fit for his#b purpose4 ,footnotes #a it--omitted4 #b this--for his4 ,p4 ,a ,dicing-box4 ,it would be doing deep injustice to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 to judge him in all respects rigidly by modern fashions1 customs1 and habits of thought4 ,the modern critic1 in simple ignorance of the age1 might exclaim with just indignation against the promulgating an invention to cheat at dice4 ,we have many examples to prove1 that the ,marquis was not singular in proposing so questionable an invention1 and we can only consider such schemes put forth as marvels in themselves and warnings to the unwary4 ,we find1 as early as #aeid1 that ,sir ,hugh ,plat1 in his 8,jewel ,house of ,art and ,nature10 describes 8,a perspective ring that will discover all the cards that are neere him that weareth it on his finger20 an effect produced by a hollow crystal stone or glass1 with a good foil on the concave part1 to act as a mirror4 ,the apology he offers for publishing this scheme1 will well apply also in the present instance2 he says3--8,i have discovered this secret rather to discorage yong novesses from card-play1 who by one experiment may easily ghesse1 how mannie sleights and cousenages1 are dayly practised in our dicing and gaming houses1 not doubting but that the general publication thereof will make the same so familiar with al men1 as that ,i shall not justly be charged of anie to have taught old knaves new-schoole pointes40 ,john ,bate1 in his 8,mysteries of ,nature and ,art10 #afcd1 page #aea1 or the edition of #afce1 page #bdb1 gives directions1 8,how to make five or six dice of the ordinary bigness of dice1 such as you may game withal1 and such as would be taken by their looks to be ordinary dice1 and yet all of them to weigh not above one grain40 ,to effect this3--8,take a piece of elder1 and pith it1 lay the pith to dry1 and then make thereof with a sharp knife five or six dice1 and you shall find it true that ,i have said40 ,so far as the deceptive part goes1 we have an example in reference to another game1 afforded by ,van ,etten1 in his 8,mathematical ,recreations10 ,problem ,,xvii4 8,of a deceitfull ,bowle to play withall40 ,the whole trick consists simply in producing an undue bias by means of a secretly inserted pellet of lead4 ,walpole says of the 8,century10 that--8,it is a very small piece--in which he 7the ,marquis7 affirms having1 in the presence of ,charles the ,first1 performed many of the feats mentioned in the ,book40 ,as however only two are named1 ,no4 #ef and ,no4 #fd1 the foregoing mis-statement requires no stronger refutation4 ,he proceeds3--8,the work itself1 which is but a table of contents2 being a list of one hundred projects1 most of them impossibilities1 but all of which he affirms having discovered the art of performing40 ,consequently1 either the ,marquis1 or ,walpole occupies a most unenviable position3 for one or the other1 alone speaks the truth4 8,some of the easiest 7he adds7 seem1 7among others7 how to form an universal character2 how to converse by jangling of bells out of tune2 how to take towns1 or prevent their being taken2 how to write in the dark2 how to cheat with dice2 and in short how to fly40 ,he then proceeds to comment on them1 observing3--8,of these wonderful inventions 7but why wonderful if the easiest871 the last but one how to cheat at dice seems the only one of which his ,lordship has left the secret2 and1 by two others the universal character1 and flying1 it appears that the renowned ,bishop ,wilkins was but the ,marquis's disciple4 ,but1 perhaps1 too much has been said on so fantastic a man40 ,it was by such unmeaning causticity that the accomplished ,walpole could degrade his pen1 display his own sterility in scientific acquirements1 and perpetuate his incapacity to judge aright of the mathematical and mechanical acumen of the ,marquis of ,worcester4 #ia4 ,an artificial ,horse1 with ,saddle and ,caparizons fit for running at#c the ,ring1 on which a man being mounted1 with his ,lance in his hand1 he can at pleasure make him start1 and swiftly to run his career1 using the decent posture#d with bon grace1 may take the ,ring as handsomly1 and running as swiftly as if he rode upon a ,barbe4 ,footnotes #c at--omitted4 #d postures4 ,an artificiall ,ring-horse4 ,the nearest approach to this automaton was that of a mechanical horse1 the invention of ,colonel ,de ,hamel1 of the ,wurtemberg ,cavalry4 ,this was1 until lately1 exhibited at ,mason's establishment1 ,piccadilly1 but is now in ,germany4 ,it is made of wood1 covered with a natural skin1 and contains machinery which can be operated by a lever to produce any variety of action1 from that of the most gentle to the fiercest of an unruly horse4 ,but the animal possesses no locomotive power1 being restrained to one spot by a strong pillar underneath1 working at the centre in a cup-and-ball joint1 so that it can fall sideways1 backwards1 or forwards1 unless prevented by equestrian skill2 it was1 however1 more than master of the greater number of many excellent horsemen who subjected themselves to its astonishing gambols4 ,the ,marquis's automaton was possibly intended for a kind of circus1 and we may suppose that a strong post being in the centre1 a long wooden bar was so placed across it as to revolve--with the horse attached to one end1 and a weight or counterpoise on the other extremity1 motion being given to the horse's legs by internal machinery1 and acting to propel it so long as the rider pleased1 or the mechanism permitted4 #ib4 ,a scrue made like a ,water-scrue1 but the bottom made of ,iron-plate ,spade-wise1 which at the side of a ,boat emptieth the mud of a ,pond1 or raiseth ,gravel4 ,a ,gravel ,engine4 ,the principle of the modern dredging machine is to be seen in ,besson's 8,theatrum ,instrumentorum et ,machinarum10 #aegh1 where about #be hampers or buckets are attached to two endless chains passing over two drums1 one at the bottom of two strong inclined poles1 the other at the top of the same1 where a workman turns it by means of an ordinary winch applied to an endless screw2 while labourers below are actively filling the ascending vessels4 ,the ,marquis may have had in view to make each bucket dig up its own supply of gravel1 c4 as indeed is the present practice4 ,this antiquated dredging machine1 in some other form1 had been contemplated in #aeeh4 ,the ,petition of ,george ,cobham1 ,tomazo ,chanata1 and others1 was presented to ,queen ,elizabeth1 for the sole use of an engine to cleanse and carry away all shelves of sand1 banks1 c4 out of all rivers1 creeks1 and havens4--,see ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #aedg-aehj4 ,edited by ,r4 ,lemon1 ,f4,s4,a4 #hvo4 #ahef1 page #aai1 ,no4 #ef4 ,in #aehc1 an inventor1 whose name does not appear1 proposed1 as one out of twenty inventions3--8,an engine for cleansing or taking away of any shelves or shallow places in the river of ,thames1 or any such river2 the same device may serve for cleansing of ditches about cities or towns1 ponds1 or any such like standing waters40--,rara ,mathematica1 edited by ,j4 ,o4 ,halliwell1 ,f4,r4,s41 c4 #hvo4 #ahda4 ,john ,gilbert obtained a patent1 dated #afth ,july1 #afah1 for a water plough1 for the taking up of sands or banks out of the river ,thames or other places4 ,and the same ,john ,gilbert1 with ,james ,freese1 obtained a patent1 dated #hth ,july1 #afca1 for engines or instruments1 called water ploughs1 for the taking up of sands1 gravel1 shelves1 and banks out of the ,thames and other havens4 ,also ,symon ,hill1 on the #cjth ,may1 #afcc1 patented his invention for taking away of beds of sand and gravel from rivers4 #ic4 ,an ,engine whereby one man may take out of the water a ,ship of #ejj4 ,tun1 so that it may be calked1 trimmed and repaired without need of the usual way of stocks1 and as easily let it down again4 ,a ,ship-raising ,engine4 ,we find in ,besson's admirably illustrated folio work on ,instruments and ,machines1 #aegh1 many means delineated for raising vessels2 for taking them bodily out of the water2 or1 for laying them high and dry on shore for repairs1 as in plates #ee1 #ef1 and #eh4 ,all such methods are naturally1 however1 not only very rude and imperfect1 but are at best only applicable for small craft4 ,in #afcf1 ,sir ,john ,christopher ,van ,berg1 ,moravian ,knight1 dispossessed of all his property 8by the devouring wars in ,germany10 patented eleven inventions2 the fifth being--8,an assured way how the very greatest ship may be drawn up again1 though it be sunk #hj fathoms deep40 #id4 ,a little ,engine portable in ones ,pocket1 which placed to any door1 without any noise1 but one crack1 openeth any door or gate4 ,a ,pocket ,engine to open any door4 ,doppelmayr gives an account of the screw-jack invented by ,leonard ,danner in #aeej4 ,it must have been well known in the following century1 and we can readily understand how the principle of its action may have occurred to the ,marquis for application to a pocket instrument that would exactly accord with his statement4 ,bishop ,wilkins1 in his 8,mathematical ,magick10 #afdh1 treating on the employment of multiplied wheels1 refers to ,ramelli1 ,figure #afj1 observing3--8,hither also should be referred the force of racks1 which serve for bending of the strongest bows1 as also that little pocket engine wherewith a man may break or wrench open any door1 together with divers the like instruments in common use40--,chap4 #ac1 pages #ia1 #ib4 #ie4 ,a double ,cross-bow1 neate1 handsome and strong1 to shoot two ,arrows1 either together1 or one after the other1 so immediately that a ,deer cannot run two steps but1 if he miss#e of one ,arrow1 he may be reach'd with the other1 whether the ,deer run forward1 sideward1 or start backward4 ,footnote #e be missed4 ,a double ,cross-bow4 ,the employment of the cross-bow still lingered when this was first published in #affc4 ,the invention is so obvious that any particular description would be superfluous1 the whole effect consisting in either shooting the two arrows singly1 or together4 ,in an article on ,cross-bows1 in ,fosbroke's ,encyclopedia of ,antiquities1 #ahdj1 it is stated that--8,in a letter remissory1 dated #adbj1 it is said1 #8lequel ,haquinet a chevauchie tendu crenequins et arbalestes a croc'--that is1 which ,haquinet rode along with crenequins bent1 and arbalestes on the hook4 ,by the croc or crook is meant the hook1 into which the trigger caught2 of use both in bending the bow and shooting40 #if4 ,a way to make a ,sea-bank so firm and ,geometrically-strong1 that a stream can have no power over it2 excellent likewise to save the ,pillar of a ,bridge1 being far cheaper and stronger then ,stone-walls4 ,a way for ,sea-banks4 ,this article stands alone in the 8,century0 as an example of a singular divergence from its author's main course of pursuits4 ,it is more than likely that his idea in the present instance was the mere use of loose stones1 laid down at such a curvature as to break rather than resist the force of heavy seas and rapid torrents1 for such a plan would be decidedly 8cheaper and stronger0 than any masonry1 especially if presenting a vertical surface to the surging sea4 #ig4 ,an ,instrument whereby an ignorant person may take any thing in ,perspective1 as justly1 and more#e then the skilfullest#f ,painter can do by his eye4 ,footnotes #e more so4 ,p4 #f most skilful4 ,p4 ,a perspective ,instrument4 ,john ,bate1 in his 8,mysteries of ,nature and ,art10 #afce1 gives1 at page #aee1 8,a very easie way to describe a ,towne1 or ,castle3 being within the full sight thereof40 ,a vertical square frame is divided by means of a number of threads1 crossing each other at equal distances4 ,a vertical pillar opposite1 has a spy-hole at the top1 through which the town1 or other prospect is to be viewed1 and to be drawn square by square1 on paper placed on the table below1 until the whole is completed1 as shown in a wood-engraved illustration4 ,no doubt the ,marquis had refined on this1 or some like invention4 #ih4 ,an ,engine so contrived1 that working the ,primum mobile forward or backward1 upward or downward1#g circularly or cornerwise1 to and fro1 streight1 upright or downright1 yet the pretended ,operation continueth1 and advanceth none of the motions above-mentioned1 hindering1 much less stopping the other2 but unanimously1 and with harmony agreeing they all augment and contribute strength unto the intended work and operation3 ,and therefore ,i call this ,a ,semi-omnipotent ,engine1 and do intend that a ,model thereof be buried with me4 ,footnote #g forwards or backwards1 upwards or downwards4 ,a ,semi-omnipotent ,engine4 ,the ,marquis1 previous to the publication of this article1 had permitted a written notification of a few of this inventions to be circulated1 which is given at length1 in ,appendix ,a4 ,in the commencement of this ,,ms4 we recognize an earlier reading of the foregoing1 as follows3--8,the quintessence of motion1 or a collection of all kinds of mouvements1 to wit2 circular1 to and fro1 perpendicular1 upwards and downwards2 side-motions1 to the right and left2 straight motions1 forwards and backwards1 with a circular vehiculum1 to which any of these may be applicable1 or moveable to all the points of the compass2 at each of which1 it will be as powerful as if it were fixed to one place or centre4 8,all and every of these1 by height of ,art1 ,industry1 and ,experiment1 working the same individual and intrinsical effect1 without disturbance one to the other2 and yet by these absolutely contrary motions1 so performed1 most strange and incredible effects may be brought to pass1 to the admiration of even the greatest mathematicians4 8,the knowledge of these things rendering all things as feasible to him that is master of this art1 as it is to make a circle with a pair of compasses1 or a straight line with a square or ruler2 they being a direct abstract of arithmetic contrived by me40 ,no4 #ih may be read as a second notice of his steam engine2 ,no4 #fh1 developing the broad principle of its source of action1 while the above indicates the working parts4 ,he may allude to the facility of communicating motion to levers1 forces1 pistons1 or plungers1 in any direction1 by turning on steam to variously arranged pipes1 so that to his mind it appeared as though it were something of super-human origin4 ,while the beauty1 novelty1 and success of his new design overawed his own mind1 it was a matter of infinite surprise to him that he could not immediately impress others with a sense of the immense value and unbounded importance of an invention which superseded animal power3 placing at man's disposal a greater and more controllable mechanical agent than even the elements of nature1 under the most favourable circumstances1 had ever supplied4 ,he expressed his own solemn impression1 on seeing the successful issue of this great work1 when he said--8,i call this a semi-omnipotent engine1 and do intend that a model thereof be buried with me40 #ii4 ,how to make one pound weight to raise an hundred as high as one pound falleth1 and yet the hundred pound#h descending doth#i what nothing less then one hundred pound#h can effect4 ,footnotes #h pounds4 ,p4 #i to do4 ,a most admirable way to raise ,weights4 ,in his ,,ms4 of a select number of his inventions1 we have1 in ,no4 #f1 the following earlier reading of the above3-- 8,by these 7his quintessence of motions7 ,i can make one pound raise an hundred1 as high as the pound falls2 and the one pound taken off the #aab pounds shall again descend1 performing the entire effect of an hundred weight1 that is1 have the force which nothing less than #aab pounds can have any other way4 ,an incredible effect till seen1 but true as strange40--,see ,appendix ,a4 ,illustration3 ,engine to raise weights ,keeping in view ,nos4 #be and #bg1 we have here a third application of the same principle1 by which it is proposed with one pound to raise a hundred 8as high as one pound falleth40 ,in the engraved figure of this demonstrative model1 one steam cylinder ,b1 is shown1 with its steam pipe and valve at ,a2 one end of a cord is attached to the piston ,b1 and passing over the drum wheel ,d1 is attached to the weight ,x4 ,as condensation ensues1 the descent of ,b1 will raise ,x2 and it may be reset for another lift by drawing off the condensed water at ,e1 and readmitting steam4 ,here we are required 8to make one pound weight0 so that it shall be able to raise #ajj times its own weight1 always bearing in mind--8as high as one falleth40 ,this being no ,archimedian experiment would be unintelligible to any man ignorant of steam1 and some mode of applying its property of condensation4 ,james ,rollock1,s in his doggerel verses1 attempts some description of this principle as applied to raising water1 when he says3-- 8,here little ,david curbs the ,giant's brood1 ,small drops of ,rain contend with ,noah's flood2 ,one weighs a thousand coming down apace1 ,weighs but himself when he hath ran his race4 ,the ,heavens admire1 the ,centre stands amaz'd1 ,to see such ,streams by so small ,forces rais'd4 ,great is the ,work1 but greater is the ,fame ,of that great ,peer who did invent the same40 ,the plain ,english of ,rollock's feeble lines is1 that a stream of water falling like 8small drops of rain10 on the steam cylinder1 caused the elevation of a hundred or more gallons1 which he likens to 8,noah's flood10 in illustration of the greatness of the result2 while the steam 8weighs but itself10 being condensed4 8,here little ,david10 is no more than the single attendant on the 8,giant's brood10--the ,water-commanding ,engine4 ,the distribution of the three articles1 ,nos4 #be1 #bg1 and #ii1 is evidently adopted to conceal their connection2 as we have already seen in the instance of ,nos4 #bb1 #bc1 and #eh1 which1 although related to each other1 are yet separated1 as though they were quite independent4 #ajj4 ,upon so potent a help as these two last mentioned ,inventions a ,waterwork is by many years experience#a and labour so advantageously by me#b contrived1 that a ,child's force bringeth up an hundred foot#c high an incredible quantity of water1 even two foot#c ,diameter1 #dso naturally1 that the work will not be heard even into the next ,room2 and with so great ease and ,geometrical ,symmetry1 that though it work day and night from one end of the year to the other1 it will not require forty shillings reparation to the whole ,engine1 nor hinder ones day-work4#d ,and ,i may boldly call it ,the most stupendious ,work in the whole world3 not onely with little charge to drein all sorts of ,mines1 and furnish ,cities with water1 though never so high seated1 as well to keep them sweet1 running through several streets1 and so performing the work of ,scavengers1 as well as furnishing the ,inhabitants with sufficient water for their private occasions2 but likewise supplying ,rivers#e with sufficient to maintaine and make them portable#f from ,towne to ,towne1 and for the bettering of ,lands all the way it runs2 with many more advantageous1 and yet greater effects of ,profit1 ,admiration1 and ,consequence4 ,so that deservedly ,i deem this ,invention to crown my ,labours1 to reward my ,expences1 and make my ,thoughts acquiesce in way of further ,inventions3 ,this making up the whole ,century1 and preventing any further trouble to the ,reader for the present1 meaning to leave to ,posterity a ,book1 wherein under each of these ,heads the means to put in execution and visible trial all and every of these ,inventions1 with the shape and form of all things belonging to them1 shall be ,printed by ,brass-plates4#g ,in ,bonum ,publicum ,ad ,majorem ,,dei ,gloriam4,t ,footnotes #a expences--for experience4 #b by me--omitted4 #c feet4 ,p4 #d ,the sentence3--8,so naturally1 that the work will not be heard even in the next room1 and with so great ease and geometrical symmetry1 that though it work day and night from one end of the year to the other1 it will not require forty shillings reparation to the whole ,engine1 nor hinder one's day-work0--does not appear in the ,,ms4 and is omitted by ,partington in his edition4 #e the rivers4 ,p4 #f make navigable--for1 make them portable4 #g ,thus ends ,no4 #ajj of the first printed edition2 but ,mr4 ,p4 continues the paragraph by adding from the ,,ms4 what is clearly only a ,postscript to the entire 8,century40 ,he then concludes with the ,latin phrase1 thus following neither work entirely4 ,a stupendious ,water-work4 ,the present article concludes the ,marquis of ,worcester's own observations on his ,water-commanding ,engine4 ,his engagements in hydraulic engineering1 as we have already seen1 commenced about1 or before1 #afbh2 but we have later and more satisfactory evidence of his having had the invention1 which is here indicated1 absolutely at work1 under the management of his engineer ,kaltoff1 at ,vauxhall4 ,hitherto we have confined our notice of any express date to the period of the passing of the ,act in #affc1 securing to him the profits in his invention for #ii years4 ,we are1 however1 now prepared to show that1 during the reign of ,charles the ,first1 in and before #afdg1 the ,marquis was occupied on the mechanical arrangements of his engine1 when one ,william ,lambert1 a brass-founder1 was engaged under him at ,vauxhall1 in providing material 8founded in brass10 expressly for 8water-work40 ,this evidence1 being afforded under circumstances very different from any attempt to establish the present statement1 is all the more trustworthy1 coming as a mere evidence of personal employment in the ,marquis's service1 while soliciting from ,charles the ,second1 after his restoration1 to be reinstated at ,vauxhall1 in accordance with an order from the late king4 ,we shall now give entire the exceedingly interesting and important petition and royal order1 from the original in the ,state ,paper ,office3--,u 8,,to ,,the ,,king',s ,,most ,,excellent ,,majesty1 8,the humble ,petition of ,william ,lambert4 8,humbly sheweth1 8,that your ,petitioner was founder to his late ,majesty of blessed memory in ,ffoxhall under the ,marquis of ,worcester1 for gun and waterwork or any other thing founded in brass2 and in the late unhappy war1 your ,petitioner was dispossessed of his employment1 and left to the value of #b1jjj4 and driven to exile by that usurpers authority4 8,that your ,majesty was graciously pleased at ,brussels to grant your petitioner the place of founder for your ,majesty's works at ,ffoxhall1 upon your ,majesty's happy restoration1 whereupon your ,petr4 depended2 and deserted the ,king of ,spain's service2 yet1 nevertheless1 the house was disposed to one ,mr4 ,calthoofe1 now deceased4 8,your ,petitioner most humbly prayeth1 ,that your sacred ,majesty would be graciously pleased to confer upon your ,petitioner some part of your ,majesty's house at ,ffoxhall1 to make a ,founding-house for your ,majesty's use and service4 8,and your ,petitioner 7as in duty bound7 shall pray1 c40 ,the following is the grant above named3-- 8,,charles ,r4 8,our pleasure is1 ,that ,,william ,,lambert1 ,founder for our ,works at ,ffoxhall1 shall and may1 with his family and servants1 abide in and possess to our use1 our house at ,ffoxhall aforesaid1 together with the outhousing and appurtenances of the same1 and there proceed in the work as formerly he hath done1 without any molestation to him or his1 until further express order from us4 8,given at our ,court at ,oatlands1 the #bjth day of ,august1 #afdg40,v ,these documents are highly interesting1 as they establish1 beyond a doubt1 the ,marquis's early connection with gunnery and with water-work operations at ,vauxhall1 and account for the practical character of inventions mentioned in the 8,century10 which might reasonably be thought to be beyond the scope of a private individual4 ,kaltoff died in1 or before1 the year #affd1 and it is not unlikely1 therefore1 that the ,marquis countenanced ,lambert's present application4 ,for more on ,vauxhall and ,kaltoff1 see ,appendix ,g4 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester had principally in view1 in this invention1 raising water for private and public purposes1 and the general draining of mines or other inundated property4 ,its great value was evidently to supply cities and towns with water1 and to drain mines of their superfluous quantity4 ,the mineral wealth of this country was drowned treasure1 until the steam engine's powerful aid placed it within the power of man to eject the water in greater volume than it entered4 ,until the #agth century1 this apparently obvious application of the steam engine was entirely overlooked1 and had ,savery done no more than impress on public notice its applicability for that invaluable purpose1 he would still deserve the highest commendations of posterity4 ,many remarkable works were1 no doubt1 effected even with ordinary appliances1 and men do not willingly abandon the experience of generations4 ,we find that in the middle of the #afth century1 viz4--,july #b1 #aefe1 ,wm4 ,humfrey wrote to ,sir ,william ,cecil1 concerning the working of copper mines2 recommending an ,almain engineer1 who1 he represents1 can raise water one hundred fathoms high1 by a newly invented engine4--,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #aedg-aehj4 ,edited by ,r4 ,lemon1 ,f4,s4,a41 #hvo4 #ahef1 page #bed4 ,no4 #gc4 ,that the ordinary draining of land had made no material progress in the #agth century1 we gather from the correspondence collected in 8,samuel ,hartlib his ,legacie3 or an enlargement of the ,discourse of ,husbandry10 #dto4 #afea2 where there is a letter written by ,cressy ,dymock1 in which he remarks--8,i went into the ,isle of ,ely1 to see one of the ,holland-mills1 for dreyning2 though set up there and kept by certain ,frenchmen4 ,the ,invention seemed to me but mean and rude1 and ,mr4 ,wheeler's way much more ingenious40 8,i saw at ,wicklesen the manner of your ,holland sluices4 ,the ruines also of a cochlea1 for the emptying and dreining of water1 of which ,ubaldus hath writ a whole treatise40--,pages #aji1 #aaj4 ,the ,act of ,parliament1 of ,may1 #affc1 states in regard to the ,marquis's ,invention1 that he 8hath by long and indefatigable pains and study1 and with great and vast expenses1 invented and found out a ,secret in ,nature1 never heretofore discovered1 being a ,water-commanding engine1 of greater force and advantage than hitherto hath been known2 and being no pump or force now in use1 nor working by any suckers1 barrels1 or bellows heretofore used for the raising and conveying of water2 which said ,engine will yield very great benefit and advantage to the ,commonwealth1 by draining of all sorts of ,mines1 ,marish1 ,oazie1 or overflown ,grounds1 by furnishing of ,rivers and ,cutts with water to make them ,navigable and ,portable from ,town to ,town2 by improving of ,lands wanting water2 by the supplying and bringing in of water into the ,city of ,london1 or into any other places2 and by divers other ways and means whereby great ,encouragement will be given to the ,people of the ,nation1 to undertake to work rich ,mines1 to drain and gain in many ,marish1 ,oazie1 and surrounded ,grounds1 which hitherto they have been deterred to endeavour the improvements of1 by reason of the vast sums of money which must be necessarily expended by the draining and conveying away the water out of the same4 99 99 99 99 99 ,and that a ,model thereof be delivered by the said ,marquis1 or his ,assignes1 to the ,lord ,treasurer1 or ,commissioner for the ,treasury1 for the time being1 at or before the #bith of ,september1 #affc40--,see ,appendix ,c4 ,we trace the early use of steam in some of the simple apparatus of various forms1 called olipile1 to a period anterior to the ,christian era4 ,greece and ,rome1 ,france1 ,holland1 and ,germany1 have each contributed some instrument or other indicative of a knowledge of the expansive property of steam1 pent up in close vessels1 to give slight motions to1 or force water from small delicately constructed apparatus1 designed for amusement1 or at most only to occasion a strong blast for blowing a fire1 as figured in 8,vitruvio de ,architectura10 folio1 #aeba4 ,some of these early stages of progress we shall further notice here4 ,besson1 in his folio work on ,instruments and ,machines1 #aegh1 among other contrivances shows1 in plate ,,xviii1 a cylindrical vessel1 containing a coiled spring1 above which is a close fitting disc1 secured underneath to a cord1 which1 passing through the coiled spring1 passes out at the bottom of the vessel1 by which means it can be used to pull down the disc1 so as to compress the spring1 while the vessel is being filled with water1 and its cover1 with a jet in the centre1 secured2 on releasing the spring1 we have here a piston acting from below upwards1 to produce a fountain4 ,illustration3 ,porta's steam apparatus ,john ,baptista ,porta1 in his 8,spiritalia10 quarto1 #afjf1 gives a rude wood engraving1 as here exactly represented1 a metal flask-shaped boiler1 fitting the top of a small furnace1 while its neck proceeds through the bottom of a cistern of water1 within which there is a syphon on the right hand side1 and an aperture at the top through which the cistern can be refilled4 ,by this arrangement1 the steam presses on the surface of the water1 when all is closed1 except the syphon1 from which the water will rush with increased velocity4 ,in the #afth century1 motive and other olipile were well known1 and are described and illustrated by ,vitruvius1 ,hero1 and other early writers4 ,in #afjf1 ,porta made a slight advance1 and ,john ,rovinson1 patentee of improvements in the manufacture of iron1 in his 8,treatise of ,metallica10 #afac1 among other necessary parts of his invention1 describes the following3--8,a new-devised vetible1 round and hollow1 with a long spout1 to be made of some mettall or potter's earth1 wherein water being put1 and the same placed on a fire1 as it heateth1 and the water evaporateth by the spout1 it maketh a continuall blast to kindle1 or increase the fire in furnaces1 or fire-workes1 and may be converted to many other excellent uses2 and same may be made in severall peeces with the top or upper part removeable at pleasure1 so as the lower part being made to stand on feet1 may serrve at pleasure for a possenet1 skellet or boylatory2 and when the top is put on1 and when fastened and luted1 it may then serve for the ventible to make the blast40 ,in #afae1 ,de ,caus invented1 or at all events published an account of a small hot-water fountain2 in #afag1 ,robert ,fludd published his voluminous work1 8,historia ,macrosmi10 containing descriptive and engraved illustrations of the effects produced on water heated in close flask-shaped vessels4 ,in #afbi1 ,branca suggested the rotating of a wheel1 acted on by a jet of steam1 as a simple kind of stamping or pounding mill4 ,but the author1 who seems to have taken a more practical and enlightened view of the subject1 and to have considerably contributed to the ,marquis's enthusiasm1 was ,john ,bate1 who1 in #afcd and #afce1 published editions of his 8,mysteries of ,nature and ,art40 ,his treatise1 8,the first ,booke of ,water-workes10 contains1 as stated at the commencement1 8,experiments of drawing water by the crane 7syphon71 and by engines2 of forcing water by ayre compressed1 and by engines2 of producing sounds by ayre and water2 by evaporation of water by fire1 and by engines2 of motions by evaporating water1 and by rarifying ayre40 ,illustration3 ,a blowing olipile ,among his 8,experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by ayer10 the following is given3--8,prepare a round vessell of brasse1 or lattin1 having a crooked pipe or necke1 whereunto fasten a pipe3 put this vessell upon a trevet over the fire1 and it will make a shrill whistling noyse40--,page #bg4 ,he figures a blow-pipe for glass-working1 as in the annexed engraving1 which he thus describes3-- ,illustration3 ,a steam blow-pipe 8,let there be a vessell of copper about the bignesse of a common foot-ball1 as ,a2 let it have a long pipe at the top as ,d1 which must be made so that you may upon occasion screw on lesser1 or bigger vents made for the purpose4 ,fill this one-third part with water1 and set it over a furnace of coals1 as ,e1 ,g1 ,h1 ,i1 and when the water beginneth to heat1 there will come a strong breath out of the nose of the vessel1 that will force the flame of a lampe placed at a convenient distance as ,k40--,page #aeh4 ,illustration3 ,a fire-blowing olipile ,sir ,hugh ,plat1 in his 8,jewel ,house of ,art and ,nature10 #aeid1 gives an account of the ordinary fire-blowing olipile4 ,he says3--8,a round ball of copper or lattin1 that will blow the fire very strongly1 only by the attenuation of water into air2 which device will also serve to perfume with4--,a round ball of copper or lattin1 of the bigness of a small bowl--a round pipe or neck1 of #c or #d inches in length1 less than a goose quill--and an elbow of a less pipe no bigger than a straw1 whose vent in the end must be no bigger than a pinhole40 8,heat the same well in the fire1 and then put it into a vessel of cold water1 and it will suck some of the water into it1 you may heat the same so often1 till by the peize 7poise87 thereof you may be assured that it is more than half full4 ,then set this ball on a few glowing coals1 and you shall find the same to give a very strong blast4444 ,i make no question but that the same may be made so large as that they will blow one whole hour together without any intermission40--,page #be4 ,in the second edition of ,dr4 ,french's 8,art of ,destillation10 #afec1 page #aej1 he describes the 8,philosophicall ,bellowes30 one is to blow a furnace fire2 another a candle1 serving as a blow-pipe2 and the third for a common fire4 ,he notes 8that these kind of vessels must be made of copper1 and be exceedingly well closed1 that they may have no vent but at their noses40 ,he recommends1 in preparing them for use1 that 8you must first heat them very hot1 then put the noses thereof 7which must have a very small hole in them1 no bigger than a pin's head may go in7 into a vessel of cold water1 and they will presently suck in the water1 of which being then full turne the noses thereof towards the candle or fire which you would have blown40 ,the third figure1 instead of being a copper ball is formed like the human face1 and is held by a long stick or handle attached to the back4 ,it is represented and described by ,schwenteri1 in his 8,delici ,physico-,mathematic10 #afch1 along with two tubulated balls for similar use4 ,such then were the suggestions the ,marquis had before him to excite his experimental inquiries1 independent of other sources4 ,but whatever he may have known on the subject of these applications of steam1 however much he may have experimented on them1 there are two things1 of which no one has yet given him the credit of possessing any knowledge whatever1 the one is1 condensation2 the other1 a piston4 ,how the ,marquis of ,worcester could have been experimenting at the cost of #ej1jjj1 and upwards1 at ,vauxhall1 and been occupied in this particular class of experiments during a large portion of thirty-eight years1 in perfect ignorance that cold water will condense steam1 is past all comprehension4 ,nay1 such ignorance would be a greater matter of surprise1 than the exhibition of his utmost ingenuity in the mechanical contrivances connected with his engine4 ,condensation was no mystery4 ,every work on distillation spoke on the subject1 and supplied the forms of refrigeratory worms1 and refrigerating heads for alembics4 ,his very allusion to the strength of his vessels must have had reference1 first to internal distension1 as well as to collapse from external pressure4 ,john ,bate1 in his first book1 8,of ,water ,works10 describes a kind of weather glass1 which he calls1 8the moveable perpendicular glass20 for the construction of which his directions are--8,first prepare the glass ,a1 ,b1 fill it almost top full of water1 provide also the glass ,k1 ,l1 having a loop at the top of it3 divide it into so many equal parts as you would have degrees1 and on the mouth thereof fasten a thin board1 that will easily slip in and out of the bottom glass2 make then a weight of lead or brass somewhat heavier than both the glass and board fastened thereunto2 and then tie a little rope to the loop of the glass ,a1 ,b1 and the weight at the other end thereof4 ,rarifie the air contained in the glass ,l1 and reverse it into the glass ,a1 ,b1 filled with water1 and hang the plummet over two little pulleys fastened in a frame made for the purpose2 and as the glass ,k1 ,l1 cooleth1 the water will ascend the same1 and so by the change of the outward both the glass and water will move accordingly40--,pages #db-dc4 ,illustration3 ,a weather glass ,from all that has been advanced1 an impartial reader must feel satisfied that there existed abundant sources of popular information1 highly suggestive to such an inquisitive and inventive mind as the ,marquis possessed4 ,van ,etten mentions the filling of a cannon with water1 the plugging it up1 and exploding it by the action of fire applied to its trunnion4 ,and here ,john ,bate suggests an experimental apparatus on a small scale1 which the ,marquis would be almost certain to test1 and in so doing to vary the construction and application4 ,rarefaction too is here recommended2 and the effect of cooling or condensation is particularly noted1 the stated result being1 8the water will ascend40 ,we can readily imagine the ,marquis varying such an experiment with infinite delight1 and modifying and enlarging it to produce some practical application4 ,in considering these minuter points1 we must never lose sight of the extraordinary perseverance shown by the ,marquis throughout a long life1 in conducting and varying his experimental inquiries4 ,it was the one pursuit of a studious life-time1 the heaviest source of expenditure in his private disbursements4 ,perhaps we should be very much under the mark in saying that he must have expended above a hundred thousand pounds in experiments alone2 which would be represented by nearly ten times that amount in our day4 ,and not only was this outlay very great1 but he had for above thirty-five years kept his workman1 ,caspar ,kaltoff1 constantly engaged on his models and on practical trials of his variously constructed inventions4 ,the ,act for his ,water-commanding ,engine received the ,royal assent in ,june1 #affc1 and the same year he published his 8,century of ,inventions0 7as here reprinted72 a pamphlet was next issued1 with no other title than the following heading at the top of the first page--8,an exact and true definition of the most stupendous ,water-commanding ,engine1 invented by the ,right ,honourable 7and deservedly to be praised and admired7 ,edward ,somerset1 ,lord ,marquess of ,worcester1 and by his ,lordship himself presented to ,his most ,excellent ,majesty1 ,charles the ,second1 our most gracious ,sovereign40--,see ,appendix ,c4 ,this pamphlet appears to have had some connection with means for giving publicity to the formation of a public company for carrying out the great design on a sufficiently large and remunerative scale4 ,the author1 or editor1 was ,james ,rollock1 who here flourishes in a poetical vein1 observing1 8,after the ,act of ,parliament1 there is here set down a ,latin ,elogium1 and an ,english ,panegirick1 both of them composed through duty and gratitude by an ancient servant of his ,lordship's40 ,he afterwards adds3 8,this ancient servant of his ,lordship's1 hath for forty years been an eye witness of his great ingenuity1 indefatigable pains1 and vast expences in perfecting for publique service1 not onely this most ,stupendious ,water-commanding ,engine1 but likewise several other rare1 useful1 and never formerly heard of ,mathematical conclusions1 of which he hath owned a ,century1 and thereunto ,i refer you3 though this alone were enough to eternalize his ,name to all ,ages and future times40 ,the 8,definition0 given in the pamphlet agrees with that which has already appeared in the 8,life1 ,times1 c410 pages #bbd1 #bbe1 from another source1 and is here stated as follows3-- 8,the ,engine consisteth of the following ,particulars2 8#a4 ,a perfect ,counterpoize for what ,quantity soever of ,water4 8#b4 ,a perfect ,countervail for what ,height soever it is to be brought unto4 8#c4 ,a ,primum ,mobile commanding both ,height and ,quantity ,regulator-wise4 8#d4 ,a ,vicegerent or ,countervail supplying the place1 and performing the full force of a ,man1 ,wind1 ,beast1 or ,mill4 8#e4 ,a ,helm or ,stern1 with ,bitt and ,reins1 wherewith any ,child may guide1 order1 and control the whole ,operation4 8#f4 ,a particular ,magazine for ,water1 according to the intended ,quantity or ,height of ,water4 8#g4 ,an ,aquaduct capable of any intended ,quantity or ,height of ,water4 8#h4 ,a place for the ,original ,fountain or even river to run into1 and naturally of its own accord incorporate itself with the rising ,water1 and at the very bottom of the same ,aquaduct1 though never so big or high40 ,we cannot do otherwise than consider that the articles1 ,nos4 #fh1 #ih1 and #ajj1 refer to descriptions of the several parts of his remarkable steam engine4 ,in ,no4 #fh1 we have the two vessels1 with two cocks1 connected with a furnace1 and so arranged that 8one vessel of water being consumed1 another begins to force and refil with cold water40 ,in ,no4 #ih1 we have intimation of 8the primum mobile10 forming the #crd division of the particulars enumerated above2 being some portion of the engine capable of every variety of movement4 ,and in ,no4 #ajj1 we have no mechanical suggestions1 but in their place a bare enumeration of results1 and of advantages to be derived from the employment of such engines4 ,what then are we to understand by the preceding list of particulars8 8#a4 ,a perfect counterpoise10 would suggest that the ,marquis had contrived a complete system of pumping2 8#b4 ,a perfect countervail10 appears to be only a different kind of counterpoise1 as though the one were derived from weight1 and the other from the action of the steam2 #d4 8,a vicegerent10 may be the force or piston2 #e4 8,a helm or stem1 with bit and reins10 can hardly be mistaken for any other than levers1 acting on valves1 and in some positions connected with chains running over guide pulleys2 while the parts #f1 #g1 and #h1 refer wholly to reservoirs1 cisterns1 and other external arrangements4 ,but this statement is simply made to remind the reader that the ,marquis's ,engine was not so entirely simple in its construction as to consist only of a boiler and receiver1 and to depend wholly on the effect of the direct action of steam on a large surface of cold water1 as generally intimated4 ,it is usual entirely to set aside this full and clear statement of details4 ,so indefinitely has the ,marquis's claim hitherto been stated1 that it is always assumed1 that while using this early steam engine1 he was quite unacquainted with condensation2 or1 at least1 with any mode of employing it to produce a useful effect4 ,on the other hand1 it is not only more rational to suppose that he could not be otherwise than fully acquainted with it1 but that1 having ascertained its various results1 he finally succeeded in employing condensation to produce a vacuum for refilling his vessels1 and for giving motion to a force or piston4 ,indeed1 we find in the foregoing statement--8#f4 ,a particular ,magazine for ,water1 according to the intended quantity or ,height of ,water40 ,a particular ,magazine1 one for a special purpose1 for which it was particular to have such a supply2 and for size1 form1 and situation1 it had reference 8to the quantity and height of water10 for a small cistern would supply sufficient water for condensation1 but a larger cistern would be required in proportion to more extended service4 ,then1 8#g4 ,an ,aqueduct10 might be the vertical main pipe2 and 8#h4 ,a place for the original fountain10 peculiarly arranged reservoirs1 with suitable valves1 floats1 c4 ,uniting his several descriptions1 we readily make out a construction of apparatus answering many of the conditions he has stated1 as shown in the engraving,w on the opposite page from a sectional drawing designed by the author4 ,illustration3 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,engine ,w ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,engraving4 ,a1 ,a' ,two cold water vessels1 connected by-- ,b1 ,b'--the steam pipe1 with-- ,c1 the ,boiler1 set in-- ,d1 the furnace4 ,the cold water vessels ,a ,a'1 also are connected with-- ,e1 the vertical water pipe by means of-- ,f1 ,f'1 continuations of the same pipe conducted into and nearly touching the bottom of each vessel ,a1 ,a'4 ,g1 ,g'1 are two water supply pipes1 with valves a1 a'1 dipping into-- ,h1 the well4 ,it is obvious that by uniting these pipes1 and placing the valves in the upper bend of each1 it would be sufficient for a single pipe to dip into the water to be raised4 ,on the steam pipe ,b ,b' is-- b1 a four-way steam cock1 operated by-- b'1 its lever handle2 and on the horizontal portion of the water pipe ,f ,f'1 is-- c1 a four-way water cock1 operated by-- c'1 its lever handle4 99499 ,the four-way cock is figured and described as early as #afah1 by ,robert ,fludd1 in 8,historia ,macrosmi10 folio1 page #dfg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the 8,life1 ,times1 c410 page #bj1 we have a view of the deep grooves cut in that side of the ,citadel of ,raglan ,castle1 on which the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,water-works were situated4 ,the grooves would admit the insertion of pipes of about one foot external diameter1 either round1 or square1 and they would carry water nearly twenty-five feet high4 ,in the early use of his engine1 he may have forced the water direct from the boiler1 or by the using of an independent boiler1 as employed by ,porta1 in #afjf2 but either way1 the arrangement of his ,raglan works would seem to have been that of employing a main vertical pipe for each boiler or receiver1 instead of each receiver being connected with a four-way cock with one vertical pipe1 or 8aquaduct40 ,with these observations we close our comments on the various articles of the 8,century10 after having supplied a mass of most important references to contemporary and earlier scientific authors2 as well as offered several entirely new solutions2 and reduced the problematical character of this singularly interesting work to one only1 being ,no4 #ef1 which alone remains open to the charge of being a paradox4 ,footnotes ,a ,see1 at page #bfc1 ,m4 ,sorbire's enumeration of inventions considered exceedingly curious in #affc4 ,b ,a letter from lord ,herbert1 to ,mon4 ,grubendol1 ,london4 ,,mss4 in the ,library of the ,royal ,society4 ,his ,lordship alludes to ,m4 ,grollier de ,servire's ,cabinet1 of which a ,catalogue was published at ,lyon1 #agai4 ,c ,the ,life of the ,rt4 ,hon4 ,francis ,north1 ,baron of ,guilford1 ,lord ,keeper of the ,great ,seal1 under ,king ,charles ,,ii1 and ,king ,james ,,ii4 ,by the ,hon4 ,roger ,north4 #bnd ed4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #ahjh4 ,vol4 #b1 p4 #bea4 ,d ,see page #bbc4 ,e ,appendix ,a4 ,f ,see ,appendix ,b4 ,g ,the ,marquis1 in the #aith article of the 8,century10 twice alludes to 8a child20 and patenting his invention1 which applied to ,coaches1 he introduces the expression in the #crd article of his patent of #affa3--8;a child of six years old may secure from danger all in the coach10 and 8the child being able0 to loosen the horses4 ,h ,see page #cjb4 ,i ,we meet with the following singular passages recorded by his biographer1 as introductory to the ,inventions of ,james ,watt1 in the second edition of his ,life1 #ahei4 ,at page #ade1 it is remarked3-- 8,when we consider the whole of the contrivances invented by ,savery1 as described by himself in #8,the ,miner's ,friend1' we cannot but accord to him the praise of very great ingenuity1 independent of the merit of having made ,,the ,,first ,,working ,,steam ,,engine1 7if he was not preceded in that by the ,marquis of ,worcester72 but1 at all events1 of having been the first who introduced it into use40 ,we give this passage as printed1 and proceed to the next1 at page #aef1 which is not recorded either in the ,contents or ,index1 only distinguishing certain words3-- 8,we think it right to add that the language used by ,savery in his #8,miner's ,friend1' in treating of the advantages1 whether ascertained or prospective1 of his invention1 presents a strong contrast1 in point of plainness1 simplicity1 and modesty1 to the more high-flown phrases in which the ,marquis of ,worcester magnifies the performances of his #8semi-omnipotent' engine4 ,savery was evidently a practical man1 possessed of great #a common sense as well as of #b ingenuity2 and although it would probably be wrong to deny to ,lord ,worcester the possession of a good deal of the second of those qualities1 it may well be doubted how far he is entitled to the claim of any very considerable share of the first0 common sense6 ,we believe that the author of this strange composition is a ,scotch ,advocate of some standing2 now it is far from being the character of the legal profession1 as a body1 to commit to paper such reckless reproach of even the dead2 but assuredly it does not require the caution induced by a knowledge of common law to point out the propriety of treating with respect the memory of a man of high birth and untainted reputation1 such as was the ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,but this is not all1 we are introduced to a 8,,first ,,engine10 at the risk of a second 8first10 as declared by the same pen6 ,and without fear of contradiction we say the last should be first1 and the first last in this category4 ,j ,from the ,lansdown ,,mss4 #aba4 ,see also ,letters ,illustrative of ,science4 ,edited by ,j4 ,o4 ,halliwell1 ,f4,r4,s4 c4 #hvo4 #ahda4 ,k ,among the ,additional ,manuscripts in the ,british ,museum occurs ,no4 #fagf1 a ,,ms4 volume1 containing at folio #af1 b1 a 8,certificate of the ,armory in the ,tower10 signed among others by 8,w4 ,balfour10 ,lieutenant of the ,tower1 8#agth ,dec4 #afdj40 ,l ,almain engineers seem to have been in much repute4 ,m ,the original drawing is preserved in the archives of the ,royal ,society1 coarsely executed on paper1 measuring #bd by #bg inches4 ,n ,savery is supposed to have died in #agae1 but no particulars are on record respecting his death and burial4 ,o ,his address 8,to the ,gentlemen ,adventurers in the ,mines of ,england10 is dated 8,london1 ,sep4 #bb1 #agja40 ,p ,see ,appendix ,g4 ,q ,on the contrary1 he expressly declares he had never seen such an engine4--,h4 ,d4 ,r ,the ,harleian ,,ms4 8,century0 has for ,article ,no4 #hh1 8,a ,stamping ,engine10 in lieu of the 8,brazen ,head40 ,mr4 ,partington alters this to 8,a ,coining ,engine40 ,s ,see ,appendix ,c4 ,t ,the following concluding part of the ,,ms41 added as a postscript1 does not appear in the #ast edition1 #affc3--8;,besides many omitted1 and some of three sorts willingly not set down1 as not fit to be divulged1 least ill use may be made thereof2 but to show that such things are also within my knowledge1 ,i will here in myne owne cypher set down at least one of each1 not to be concealed where duty1 and affection obligeth me40 ,u ,this ,petition is calendared under the date 8#affe80 but probably belongs to #affd4 ,v ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affe-f4 ,edited by ,mary ,a4 ,e4 ,green1 #hvo4 #affd1 p4 #aec4 ,no4 #ach1 and ,no4 #ach1 i4 ,illustration ,,addenda4 ,no4 #e4 ,cipher writing4 ,at ,page #cih1 reference is made to a ,cipher letter1 engraved in 8,the ,life10 at page #ahj4 ,it was written by the ,marquis1 as now appears1 at ,dublin1 the #bith of ,september1 #afde4 ,the author having made out the character1 is able to supply the following key1 or alphabet4,a ,illustration3 ,the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,cipher ,alphabet ,curiously enough it is the document given at page #aci1 so that ,carte must have obtained a deciphered copy as well4 ,but the words1 8the ,king of the assent10 should be 8the ,king of his assent40 ,the words1 8towards your ,excellency0 7in the #ajth line7 are not in the original4 ,also the words1 8,and my intention was ever to acquaint your ,honour herewith10 should be 8and mine intent was ever to acquaint you herewith40 ,there is no signature to the original1 but the written direction shows it was from the ,earl of ,glamorgan4 ,we have now authentic proof of the construction and character of at least one ,cipher method of writing adopted by the ,marquis1 eighteen years prior to the publication of the 8,century40 ,illustration3 ,construction of a water-screw ,no4 #ec4 ,an hollowing of a water-screw4 ,a slight addition to the comment on this article will be easily understood by reference to the adjoining three figures1 and probably throw some light on what the ,marquis may have actually intended4 ,being desirous to construct a model screw1 some years ago1 the author designed the following method of making one of tin or zinc1 which may be easily shown by cutting out the same in thin pasteboard4 ,form a number of discs of thin metal like ,no4 #a1 say three inches diameter1 with a hole in the centre one inch diameter1 and the metal cut through at ,a4 ,rivet1 solder1 or otherwise fasten them together1 commencing by placing ,no4 #b on ,no4 #a2 now secure the cut edge of ,a1 to the similar edge of b1 and so on in succession1 until a sufficient pile is obtained4 ,they may now be extended to form a screw1 as in ,no4 #c1 of any desired pitch4 ,the minuter details of construction will be obvious to any clever artizan4 ,,appendix ,a4 ,the following is from ,birch's ,,mss4 in the ,british ,museum1 ,no4 #ddei2 and portions have been quoted in the ,commentary1 under each article of invention named herein4 ,,inventions ,,of ,,ye ,e',,arle ,,oe ,,worcestr4 ,the ,qvint ,e'ssence of ,motion1 or a ,c'ollection of all kinds of ,movements1 to wit1 ,c'ircular1 to fro2 ,perpendicular1 upwards downewards2 side motions1 to ye right left2 straight ,motions1 forewards backwards with a ,circular ,vehiculum1 to wch any of these1 may bee applicable or moveable to all ye points of ye ,c'ompasse3 ,at each of wch1 it will bee as powerfull as if it were fixt to one place or ,center4 ,all every of these1 by hight of ,art1 ,industry1 ,experimt working ye same ,individuall ,intrinsecall effect1 without disturbance one to ye other3 yet by these absolutely contrary ,motions soe perform'd1 most strange incredible ,e'ffects may bee brought to passe1 to ye ,admiration even of ye greatest ,mathematicians4 ,the knowledge of these things1 rendring all things as feacible to him1 yt is ,master of this ,art1 as it is to make a ,c'ircle with a paire of ,c'ompasses1 or a straight line1 wth a sqvare or ,ruler4 ,they beeing a direct abstract of ,arithmetick1 contrived by mee4 ,and by ye power of those1 ,i have perfected these following ,conclusions1 wth some hundreds besides all experimented by mee4 7#a7 ,i can render an ordinary ,watch1 wch beeing once wound up1 will goe constantly1 during a ,mans life1 beeing vsed but once in #bd4 houres1 7though oftner look't on37 it is still ye same1 though not look't on for a weeke1 still ye same1 if not bruised4 7#b7 ,by this ,i can make a ,vessel of as great burthen1 as ye ,river can beare1 to goe agt ye streame1 wch ye more rapid it is1 ye faster it shall advance1 ye moveable part yt workes it1 may bee by one man still guided1 to take ye best advantage of ye streame1 yet to steer the boat to any point4 ,and this ,e'ngine is applicable to any ,vessell or ,boate1 whatsoever2 without being therefore made on purpose2 ,and worketh these effects4 ,it roweth1 it draweth1 it driveth 73if need bee37 to passe ,london bridge agt ye streame at low water3 ,and a boate lying at ,anchor1 the ,e'ngine may be used for loading or vnloading4 7#c7 ,by this ,i can make an ,artificiall ,bird to fly wch way as long as ,i please4 7#d7 ,by these ,i can make a ball of ,s'ilver or ,g'old wch throwne into a pale or poole of ,water1 shall rise againe to ye perfect houre of any day or night3 ,the superficies of ye ,water shall still show the houre distinctly1 even ye minutes1 if ,i please4 7#e7 ,by this ,i can make a ,c'hilde in a ,c'oach1 to stop ye horses 7runing away7 shall be able to secure hims4 those yt bee in ye ,c'oach1 having a little ,e'ngine placed therein1 wch shall not bee perceived in what posture soever ye horses draw3 a ,c'hildes force shall bee able1 to disengage them1 from overturning ye ,c'oach or prejudicing any body in it4 7#f7 ,by these ,i can make one pound raise an hundred1 as high as ye one pound falls1 ye one pound taken off ye #aablb shall againe descend1 performing ye entire effect of an hundred waight 7i4e47 have yt force wch nothing lesse1 then #aablb can have any other way4 ,an incredible effect till seene1 but true as strange4 7#g7 ,by these a ,c'hilde shall raise as much water #ajj foot high 7speaking within ,c'ompasse7 as #f4 horses can force vp any other way4 7#h7 ,by these ,i can stop any other ,mans ,motion1 render it ,null1 since from any point of ye ,c'ompasse1 ,i can forceably effectually cause a counterbuffe or absolute obstruction of such ,motion1 wch way ,i please all wayes1 beeing indifferent to mee to worke a perfect resistance1 to countermine their ,intentions1 or to force their ,motions a cleane contrary way4 ,the #i was left out in ye ,original ,c'opy4 7#i7 ,s'oe here yu have #i figures represented1 wch in ,arithmetick1 make all numbers imaginable1 soe by ye helpe of these ,motions1 noe ,manufacture1 but may be demonstrated exqvisitely demonstrably with great ease and facility4 ,and noe ,conclusion in ye ,mathematicks or ,mechanicks1 but may by these bee brought to passe in great perfection to admiration4 ,yet as ye most excellent tooles cannot worke alone2 nor any ,c'ymeter is soe sharp to cut wthout an arme to guide it4 ,s'oe without ,knowledge1 ,art1 ,ingenuitie1 these are fruitlesse4 ,but being set to worke by one of noe more ,knowledge then myselfe1 am capable off1 they will performe wt is here asserted more then ,i could write1 from one end off ye yeare to ye other4 7,note4--,no4 #i is here stated to be left out1 but may not the first named1 or 8,quintessence of ,motion10 be ,no4 #a1 so making up ,nine in all8 ,see pp4 #ecj1 #eca4 ,in the next line the copyist has first written #h and then altered it to #i1 to accord with the sense of the passage47 ,,appendix ,b4 ,,abridged ,,from ,,the ,,printed ,,specifications ,,of ,,the ,,patent ,,office4 ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester's ,,patent4--,,signet ,,bill4 ,a4,d4 #affa4 4 4 4 ,,no4 #aca4 ,clocks1 ,guns1 ,carriages1 ,boats1 c4 ,,charles ,r4 ,,charles ,,the ,,second1 by the grace of ,god1 c41 to all to whom these presents shall come greeting4 ,,whereas our right trusty and entirely beloved couzin ,,edward1 ,marquesse of ,,worcester hath for many yeares applied his thoughts and studies1 and hath beene at very great charges1 to contrive and perfect divers rare and new ,invencons1 contenting himselfe with the good and advantage which will redound to the publique and to every particuler industrious workman or curious persons who shall make vse of the said ,invencons1 the products of his extraordinary expences and ingenuity3 ,and whereas1 amongst other vsefull and new ,invencons of farr greater consequence1 the said ,marquesse hath found out and experimented these severall new ,invencons herein-after perticularly menconed 7that is to say7-- 8#a4 ,to make a watch or clock without string or chaine1 or any other kind of winding up but what of necessity must follow if the owner or keeper of the said watch or clock will know the hour of day or night2 and yet if he lay it aside several days and weeks without looking or meddling with it1 it shall go very well1 and as justly as most watches that ever were made4 #b4 ,and also an ,invention to make certain guns or pistols1 which in the tenth part of one minute of an hour may1 with a flaske contrived to that purpose1 be recharged1 the fourth part of one turne of the barrel1 which remains still fixt1 fastening it as forceably and effectually as a dozen threads of any screw1 which in the ordinary and usual way require as many turns4 #c4 ,also an ,invention to make an engine applicable to any coach1 by which a child of six years old may secure from danger all in the coach1 and even the coachman himself1 though the horses become never so unruly1 the child being able in the twinckleing of an eye to loosen them from the coach1 in what posture soever they draw or turne1 be it ever so short1 or to either hand4 #d4 ,lastly1 an ,invention to make a boat that roweth1 draweth1 or setteth even against wind or stream1 yea1 both1 and to any part of the compass which way soever the streame runs or wind blows1 and yet the force of the wind or streame causeth its motion1 nothing being required but a steersman1 and whilst the boat stayeth to be loaded or unloaded1 the streame or wind shall perform such work as any water mill or wind mill is capable of40 ,all which new ,invencons being of publique vse and benefitt if the same were put in practice1 and the lawes of ,england haveing especially provided for the incouragement of such as are the first authors and inventors of profittable and ingenious ,invencons4 ,,know ,,yee1 that wee1 of our especiall grace1 certaine knowledge1 and meere mocon doe for vs1 our heires and successors1 give and grant vnto the said ,edward1 ,marquesse of ,worcester1 his executors1 administrators1 assignee1 and assignes1 full power1 licence1 liberty1 priviledge1 and authoritye1 that hee1 they1 and every of them1 by themselves or his or their deputy and deputies1 servants1 agents1 and workmen1 or any of them1 from tyme to tyme1 and at all tymes hereafter dureing the terme of yeares hereafter in these presents expressed1 shall and may vse1 exercise1 and imploy all and every or any of the aforesaid ,invencons1 before in and by there presents perticulerly described1 in such manner as to him1 them1 or any of them1 in his and their best judgments and discreccons1 shall seeme meete1 c41 c4 ,may it please yor most excellent ,majestie4 ,yor ,majtie is hereby graciously pleased to grant vnto ,edward1 ,marquesse of ,worcester the sole vse and exercise of his severall new ,invencons concerning watches or clocks1 guns or pistolls1 coaches1 and boates1 for fourteene yeares according to the forme of the ,statute in that behalfe made and provided1 and with such other clauses as are vsuall in grants of like nature4 ,signified to be yor ,majesties pleasure vnder yor royall signe manuall4 ,t4 ,,palmer1 #ae ,nov4 #affa4 ,record mutilated4 ,,appendix ,c4 ,,water-,,commanding ,,engine1 ,,act1 ,,etc4 ,from page #eei to #efg1 is the reprint of a rare quarto tract of #bb pages1 of which there is a copy in the library of his ,grace the ,duke of ,beaufort2 and another in the ,british ,museum1 ,c4 #ca4 d4 #a4 ,an exact and true ,definition of the most ,stupendious ,water-commanding ,engine1 invented by the ,right ,honourable 7and deservedly to be praised and admired7 ,edward ,somerset1 ,lord ,marquess of ,worcester1 and by his ,lordship himself presented to his most ,excellent ,majesty ,charles the ,second1 our most gracious ,sovereign4 ,an ,act of ,parliament thereupon granted1 with great applause of both ,houses1 being through his ,majesties particular favour passed1 by special ,commission to the ,right ,honourable the ,earl of ,clarendon1 ,lord ,high ,chancellour of ,england2 the ,earl of ,southampton1 ,lord ,high ,treasurer2 the ,lord ,roberts1 ,lord ,privy ,seal1 third ,officer of the ,crown1 preceding all ,dukes1 not of the ,blood ,royal2 the ,duke of ,albemarle his ,grace1 most deservedly by his transcendent merits never to be forgotten1 ,lord ,general of his ,majesties ,land-forces2 the ,lord ,marquess of ,dorchester1 and the ,earl ,lynsey1 ,lord ,high ,chamberlain1 by his place preceding all ,earls1 both likewise of the ,privy ,council3 ,they passed the said ,act upon the third of ,june1 #affc4 ,for the more expedition1 and in ,testimony of the great consequence thereof to the ,king and ,kingdom4 ,his most ,excellent ,majesty having the tenth part1 without deducting of ,charges1 freely given him by the said ,lord ,marquess1 and there evidently accruing a considerable ,profit and ,benefit to every individual ,subject of the whole ,nation1 if he either have surrounded ,marish-ground to drein1 or dry ,land to improve2 ,commodities to sell portable from ,town to ,town1 and through the ,countrys to the ,towns by ,cuts thus fed by water2 or if he have 7,i further say7 ,mines wherewith to enrich himself withall1 ,houses to be served1 or ,gardens to be beautified by plentiful ,fountains with little charge1 yet certain in ever so dry a ,summer3 and there being indeed no place but either wanteth water1 or is overburdened therewith1 and by this ,engine either defect is remediable1 that is to say1 water necessary to man-kind1 furnished with the pleasantness thereof1 procured1 and the water unnecessary1 as easily rejected4 ,thus whole ,cities may be kept ,clean1 ,delightful and ,wholesome1 needing no other ,scavengery then by means thereof to void their dirt1 and avoid noisomness1 the ,cause of ,infection1 ,sicknesses1 and ,contagion it self1 by ,stenches commonly ingendring and fomenting the same4 ,after the ,act of ,parliament1 there is here set down a ,latin ,elogium1 an ,english ,panegirick1 both of them composed through duty and gratitude by an ,antient ,servant of his ,lordships1 presuming to begin the way to the greatest ,wits and ,poets to dilate upon so plentiful and admirable a ,theam1 and so deserving a person of ,king and ,kingdom1 and of all that ever knew him4 ,this ,antient ,servant of his ,lordships1 hath for forty years been an eye witness of his great ingenuity1 indefatigable pains1 and vaste expences in perfecting for publique service1 not onely this most ,stupendious ,water-commanding ,engine1 but likewise several other rare1 useful1 and never formerly heard of ,mathematical ,conclusions1 of which he hath owned a ,century1 and thereunto ,i refer you3 though this alone were enough to eternalize his ,name to all ,ages and future times4 ,i think it not amiss to give further notice in his ,lordships behalf1 that he intends within a moneth or two to erect an ,office1 and to intrust some very responsible and honourable persons with power to ,treat and ,conclude with such as desire at a reasonable rate to reap the benefit of the same ,water-commanding ,engine1 in any of the aforesaid useful and beneficial operations1 whereof his ,majesty is to reap the first fruit2 and then the whole ,kingdom in general1 before his ,lordship is re-imbursed1 and his reward beginneth2 whose laudable inventions ,almighty ,god prosper with blessings on earth1 and reward in heaven4 ,,most ,,gracious ,,sovereign1 ,the same individual ,definition of my ,water-work1 which ,i formerly presumed to put into ,your ,royal ,hands1 ,i again adventure to present to ,your ,majesty2 praying ,your ,belief of it1 as ,your ,majesty shall find it true by comparing it with the real ,effect2 which1 if found punctually agreeing1 ,vouchsafe then not to be apt hereafter to lend a believing ,ear to such persons1 as ,malice causeth to detract from1 or ,ignorance to slight what shall 7though never so seemingly strange7 be averr'd by me1 who will never be convinced of a ,falshood in ,word or ,deed towards ,your ,sacred ,majesty2 before whom ,i shall ever speak as in the presence of ,almighty ,god1 whose ,vicegerent on ,earth ,i deem ,you3 ,and to ,your ,majesties transcentdent ,judgment ,i submit all1 and will presume to subscribe my self1 ,sir1 ,your ,sacred ,majesties ,faithfully-,devoted and passionately- ,affected1 ,useful1 if cherished1 ,subject and ,servant1 ,,worcester4 ,a ,stupendious or a ,water-,commanding ,engine1 boundless for ,height1 or ,quantity1 requiring no ,external1 nor even ,additional help1 or force to be set1 or continued in motion1 but what intrinsecally is afforded from its own ,operation1 nor yet the twentieth part thereof3 ,and the ,engine consisteth of the following ,particulars2-- #a4 ,a perfect ,counterpoize for what ,quantity soever of ,water4 #b4 ,a perfect ,countervail for what ,height soever it is to be brought unto4 #c4 ,a ,primum ,mobile commanding both ,height and ,quantity ,regulator-wise4 #d4 ,a ,vicegerent or ,countervail supplying the place1 and performing the full force of a ,man1 ,wind1 ,beast1 or ,mill4 #e4 ,a ,helm or ,stern1 with ,bitt and ,reins1 wherewith any ,child may guide1 order1 and controul the whole ,operation4 #f4 ,a particular ,magazine for ,water1 according to the intended ,quantity or ,height of ,water4 #g4 ,an ,aquaduct capable of any intended ,quantity or ,height of ,water4 #h4 ,a place for the ,original ,fountain or even ,river to run into1 and naturally of its own accord incorporate it self with the rising ,water1 and at the very bottom of the same ,aquaduct1 though never so big or high4 ,by ,divine ,providence1 and ,heavenly ,inspiration1 this is my ,stupendious ,water-commanding ,engine1 boundless for ,height and ,quantity4 ,whosoever is ,master of ,weight1 ,is ,master of ,force2 ,whosoever is ,master of ,water1 ,is ,master of both3 ,and consequently1 to him all ,forceable ,actions and ,atchievments are easie1 which are in any wise beneficial to or for ,mankind4 ,exegi ,monumentum re perennius1 ,regalque situ ,pyramidum altius2 ,quod non imber edax1 non ,aquilo impotens1 ,possit diruere1 aut innumerabilis ,horace4 ,annorum series1 fuga temporum3 ,non omnis moriar1 multque pars mei ,vitabit ,libitinam1 dum stabit ,anglia4 ,capitolium4 ,reader observe1 ,this tells us how to keep ,our morning-,thoughts awake1 while others sleep3 ',tis ,art and ,nature's product1 scan'd by some3 ,judge of it by th' ,effects1 then give your doom4 ,to ,god alone be all ,praise1 ,honour and ,glory1 for ever and ever4 ,amen4 ,,worcester4,b ,,an ,,act to ,enable ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester to ,receive the ,benefit and ,profit of a ,water-,commanding ,engine by him ,invented2 ,one ,tenth part whereof is appropriated for the ,benefit of the ,kings ,majesty1 ,his ,heirs and ,successors4,c ,,whereas ,the ,right ,honourable ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester hath affirmed to the ,kings most ,excellent ,majesty1 ,that he hath by long and indefatigable pains and study1 and with great and vast expences1 invented and found out a ,secret in ,nature1 never heretofore discovered1 being a ,water-,commanding ,engine1 of greater force and advantage then hitherto hath been known2 and being no ,pump or ,force now in use1 nor working by any ,suckers1 ,barrels1 or ,bellows heretofore used for the raising and conveying of ,water2 which said ,engine will yield very great benefit and advantage to the ,common-wealth1 by draining of all sorts of ,mines1 ,marish1 ,oazie1 or ,overflown ,grounds2 by furnishing of ,rivers and ,cutts with water to make them ,navigable and ,portable from ,town to ,town2 by improving of ,lands wanting water2 by the supplying and bringing in of water into the ,city of ,london1 or into any other places3 and by divers other ways and means whereby great ,encouragement will be given to the ,people of this ,nation to undertake to work rich ,mines1 to drain1 and gain in many ,marish1 ,oazie1 and surrounded ,grounds1 which hitherto they have been deterred to endeavour the improvement of1 by reason of the vast sums of money which must be necessarily expended by the draining and conveying away the water out of the same4 ,and whereas the said ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester is willing and contented to setle a tenth part of the accruing benefit thereof upon his ,majesty1 ,his ,heirs and ,successors1 for the term of years after in this ,act mentioned2 ,to the end therefore that the said ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester may have and enjoy the full and particular benefit and profit of this his new ,invention1 with a ,prohibition to all others to make use thereof for ninety and nine years3 ,may it therefore please the ,kings most ,excellent ,majesty1 ,that it may be enacted1 ,and ,be it ,enacted by the ,kings most ,excellent ,majesty1 by and with the ,advice and ,consent of the ,lords ,spiritual and ,temporal1 and the ,commons1 in this present ,parliament ,assembled1 and by the ,authority thereof1 ,that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester1 ,his ,executors and ,assigns1 from time to time1 and at all times hereafter1 during the said ninety and nine years1 to have1 receive1 take1 and enjoy1 to his and their own proper use and uses1 the ,profit1 ,benefit1 and ,advantage which shall any ways arise1 happen1 or accrue by means or reason of the aforesaid ,engine and new ,invention4 ,and be it also ,enacted by the ,authority aforesaid1 ,that one full tenth part of the accruing ,benefit thereof 7without deduction or abatement for or by reason of any ,charges or ,expences whatsoever7 shall be paid and answered1 and accounted for by the said ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester1 his ,executors1 ,administrators1 and ,assigns1 for ,his ,majesty1 ,his ,heirs and ,successors1 into ,his ,majesties publick receipt of ,exchequer yearly1 and every year at the ,feasts of ,saint ,michael the ,arch-angel and the ,annunciation of the ,blessed ,virgin ,mary1 during the said ,term of ,ninety nine years1 the first payment to be made at the ,feast of ,saint ,michael the ,arch-angel1 which shall be in the year of our ,lord ,god1 ,one thousand six hundred sixty and three2 ,and be it further ,enacted by the ,authority aforesaid1 that if any ,person or ,persons whatsoever within his ,majesties ,kingdom of ,england ,dominion of ,wales1 and ,town of ,berwick upon ,tweed1 and the ,dominions and ,territories thereunto belonging1 do1 or shall at any time hereafter1 during the said term1 ,counterfeit1 ,imitate1 put in practice1 or erect the said ,water-commanding ,engine 7without the consent and ,license first had and obtained in writing from the said ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester1 or his ,assignes7 ,that it shall1 and may be lawful to and for the said ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester1 or his ,assignes1 with his1 or their ,agents or ,work-men by a ,warrant from the ,lord ,chief ,justice1 or from any two ,justices of ,peace within the respective ,county or ,liberty1 where such search shall be made1 and assisted by the ,constable or ,constables neer adjacent1 to enter into1 or upon the said place or places where the said ,work or ,engine shall be made or erected2 ,and upon discovery of any such ,engine1 to proceed against the said ,person or ,persons by ,action1 ,information or ,indictment2 and after ,conviction thereof in due course of ,law in any ,assizes1 or publique ,sessions of the ,peace1 or any of the ,courts at ,westminster1 or any other ,his ,majesties ,courts of ,record in any ,city1 ,burrough1 or ,town ,corporate1 or in any ,stanary ,court1 or ,jurisdiction of ,leadmines2 ,then such ,engines to be forfeited1 and seized to and for the use of the said ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester1 his ,executors1 ,administrators and ,assignes respectively3 ,and further1 that the said ,actor or ,actors1 ,contriver or ,contrivers thereof1 and every of them1 shall lose1 and forfeit ,five pounds of lawful ,money of ,england an ,hour for every ,hour1 he or they shall be ,convicted1 by one or more credible ,witnesses upon ,oath1 to use the same1 after such ,conviction without the consent and ,license of the said ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester1 or his ,assignes1 first had and obtained in manner as aforesaid2 the same to be recovered in the name of the said ,edward ,marquess of ,worcester1 his ,executors1 or ,assignes1 at the ,common ,law by any ,action or ,actions to be grounded upon this ,statute2 ,the same ,action and ,actions to be heard1 and determined in any of his ,majesties ,courts of ,record1 in which ,suit no ,essoign1 ,protection1 or ,wager of ,law shall be allowed2 one third part whereof shall be to the ,kings most ,excellent ,majesty1 one other third part to the ,informer or ,discoverer1 and the other third part to the said ,marquess of ,worcester1 his ,executors and ,assignes4 ,provided always1 and it is hereby ,declared1 ,that this ,act1 or any thing therein contained1 shall not prejudice any other ,water-work or ,engine now known and used1 nor any ,person or ,persons1 who before the making of this present ,act have obtained any ,letters ,patents from his ,majesty1 for the sole making and using of any new ,engine for the carriage of ,water2 ,but that the said other ,water-work1 and the said ,letters ,patents shall be and remain of the same force and effect1 as if this ,act had never been had or made1 any thing herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding4 ,provided always1 that nothing in this ,act contained shall be construed1 or taken to prejudice1 or hinder any ,person or ,persons from making1 or using any ,engine1 ,device or ,invention1 for ther raising and carriage of ,water1 other then the ,engine in this ,act mentioned2 ,and that a ,model thereof be delivered by the said ,marquess1 or his ,assignes1 to the ,lord ,treasurer or ,commissioners for the ,treasury for the time being1 at or before the ,nine and ,twentieth day of ,september1 ,one thousand six hundred sixty three2 ,and be by him or them then put into the ,exchequer1 and kept there4 ,copia vera4 ,jo4 ,brown ,cleric4 ,parliament4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in admirandam magis qum imitandam1 aut ullis ,encomiis satis prdicandam1 ,illustrissimi ,domini ,marchionis ,vigorni ,machinam ,hydraulicam1 ,elogium4 ,barbara ,pyramidum sileat miracula ,memphis1 ,assiduus jactet nec ,babylona labor4--,,horat4 ,siste viator1 depone sarcinam1 dum reficis membr1 ,labore languida1 pasce mentem novitatis avidam2 ,perpende gyganteam hanc mol1 terni motus mulam1 ,natur ,artis compaginem1 ,cli ,solque stuporem4 ,pondera ponderibus librata hc thera scandunt1 ,et redeunt proprias mox subitura vices4 ,mens prgnans agitata ,deo1 nunc prstat in ,orbe1 ,qu nec stellifero sunt tribuenda ,polo4 ,taceat ,rhodus1 facessat ,ephesus1 et quicquid fabulosa ,prdicat antiquitas2 illic laudanda ,artificis industria1 ,hc admiranda mentis sublimitas celebranda venit4 ,cui impares fuere tot seculis retroactis omnes ,grci1 ,et ,romani1 humano conatu1 id prstitit nostra tate unus ,cambrobritannus1 ,divino afflatu3 ,soli ,deo ,gloria4 ,martis ,imperii ,palmam fert ,roma perennem2 ,artis ,ingenii ,cambria culmen habet4 444 pauci1 quos quus amavit ,jupiter1 aut ardens evexit ad thera virtus1 ,hoc potuere4444 ,jacobus ,rollocus1 ,scoto-,belga-,britannus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,panegyrick to the ,right ,honourable ,,edward1 ,lord ,marquess of ,,worcester1 ,upon his stupendious and never-sufficiently-commended ,water-work4 ,i know mean subjects need a skilful ,pen ,to stretch their worth on tenter-hooks1 but when ,a ,theam falls out so pregnant1 who can chuse ,but strain his vulgar ,wit to prove a ,muse8 ,come1 fainting ,pilgrim1 lay here down thy ,pack1 ,and1 while thou rests thy wearied limbs1 look back ,upon this ,pageant1 th' ,emblem of his mind1 ,whose ,art and skill hath this our ,age refin'd4 ,here little ,david curbs the ,gyant's brood1 ,small drops of ,rain contend with ,noah's ,flood2 ,one weighs a thousand coming down apace1 ,weighs but himself when he hath run his race4 ,the ,heavens admire1 the ,centre stands amaz'd1 ,to see such ,streams by so small ,forces rais'd4 ,great is the ,work1 but greater is the ,fame ,of that great ,peer who did invent the same4 ,what ,force or ,strength can do is in his reach1 ,his long ,experience1 ,cost and ,charges1 teach2 ,what ,greeks1 nor ,romans e're could do1 this day1 ,our ,noble ,britain here hath found the way4 ,if ,ages past had bred you1 we had seen ,your ,glories current run a bigger stream2 ,but ,art and ,envy meeting face to face1 ,like ,france and ,spain1 dispute who shall take place4 ,none but ignoble ,minds love to detract ,from th' ,honour due to such a noble ,act3 ,on then1 that after-ages may relate ,your ,service done to ,country1 ,king and ,state4 ,and though that envious ,spirits spit their gall1 ,your noble ,deeds are so well known to all1 ,as if their malice should take from your praise1 ,your own deserts will crown your head with ,bays4 ,by your ,lordships most humble and faithful ,servant1 ,james ,rollock4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,appendix ,d4 ,among the ,family ,papers in the possession of ,his ,grace the ,duke of ,beaufort is the following3--,letter from ,,walter ,,travers1 a ,roman ,catholic ,priest1 to the ,dowager ,marchioness of ,worcester4 ,jesus ,ma1 ,september #f1 #afgj4 ,,noble ,,madam-- ,the ,grace of the ,holy-ghost bee with you4 ,the greate esteeme and honour wch ,i have euer had for your ,ladysp hath allwaise made mee prompt1 and willing to serue you to the best of my power1 without the bias of selfe interest1 as your selfe can witnesse2 ,and because ,i feare that at present1 your ,honour hath noe one1 that in the greate concernes1 which you have in hand1 will tell you the truth1 as it often happens to persons of greate quality3 ,i have thought it the part of my ,priestly function and fidelity towards yor ,hor3 7haveing first in my poore prayers1 humbly commended it to ,alm3 ,god7 to represent unto you1 that wch all your friends know to bee true1 as well as my selfe1 and would bee willing that your ,ladysp should know it likewise4 ,alm3 ,god hath ,madam put you into a happey1 and florishing condition1 fitt and able to serue ,god1 and to doe much good to your selfe and others2 and your ,ladysp makes your selfe unhappey1 by seeming not to bee contented with your condition but troubling your spiritts with many thoughts of attayning to greater dignityes and riches4 ,madam all those that wish you well1 are greeued to see your ,ladysp to bee allready soe much disturbed1 and weakened in your iudgment and in danger to loose the right use of your reason1 if you doe not tymely endeauor to preuent it1 by ceasing to goe one with such high designes1 as you are vppon1 which ,i declare to you1 in the faith of a ,priest to bee true3 ,the cause of your present distemper1 and of the aforesayed danger1 is doubtlesse1 that your thoughts and imagination are very much fixed on the title of ,plantaginet1 and of disposing your selfe for that greate dignity by getting of greate sums of money from the ,king1 to pay your deceased ,lords debts1 and enriching your selfe by the great ,mashine1 and the like4 ,now ,madam how vnproper such undertakeings are for your ,l4 and how vnpossible for you to effect them1 or any one of them1 all your friends can tell you if the please to discover the trueth to you4 ,the ill effects that flow from hence are many3 as the danger of looseing your health and iudgment by such violent application of your fancies in such high designes and ambitious desires2 the probability of offending ,alm4 ,god and preiudising your owne soule thereby3 the advantage you may thereby give to those who desire to make a pray of your fortune1 and to rayse themselues by ruening you3 the spending greate sums of money in rich and sumptuous things1 whch are not suteable to the gravity of your ,ladysp and present condition of ,widdow-hoode and mourning for your deceased ,lord4 ,although it bee certine1 that it is a greate temptation which you are now vnder1 and very dangerous and hurtfull both to your temporall and eternall happynesse2 yett ,i confisse that the ,divel1 to make his suggestion the more preualent1 doth make vse of some motives that seeme plausible1 as of paying your ,lords debs1 of founding monasteryes1 and the like1 and that your ,ladysp hath the ,kings favour to carry one your designes4 ,but ,madam it is certine that the ,king is offended with your comeing to the ,court1 and much more with your pretention to the title of ,plantaginet2 and it is dangerous to provoke him any farther3 ,and for paying of debts1 and founding of ,monasteryes1 wee all know that your ,l4 can neuer bee in a better condition to doe it1 then now you are2 and as you are not bound to doe such things1 soe they are not expected from you2 but wee all applaud your pious inclinations herein1 of wch you will not loose the merit with ,alm3 ,god but our apprehensions are1 least you should by your ,ladysps inordinate designes1 bring your selfe into such a condition1 as not to bee able to helpe your friends nor your selfe4 ,bee pleased ,madam now to give mee leave to suggest some waie how the approching dangers may bee prevented1 by changing the object of your affections1 and insteede of temporall1 to seeke after eternall riches1 and honors1 which your age doth assure you are not far off2 for wch you may dispose yourselfe1 before death comes1 by retiring into the countrey for some tyme1 from the distractions of the ,court1 where you may have the advice and directions of some learned ,priest1 in whose vertue you may wholey confide1 and bee guided by him1 for your internall quiet and security4 ,many places may soone be found out1 that are fitt for that purpose3 ,at ,hammersmith ,mrs4 ,bedingfield a very vertuous and discreete person1 and of your ,ladysps acquaintance1 hath lately taken a faire house and garden1 hath but a small family4 ,in some such place your ,hor might likewise haue the aduice of some well experienced ,doctor1 for the health of your person1 and the benefitt of good ayre and of quietness1 would much conduce to your health3 ,and soe by ,alm4 ,gods blessing1 you may recover from that most pernicious distemper of bodey and mind1 vnto wch euery one seese you to bee very neere approaching1 and may live many yeares with your owne fortune and dignity in greate honour1 and happynesse and be the author of many good workes of piety and ,charity to the glorey of ,god and eternall saluation of your owne soule4 ,thus dear ,madam ,i have ventured to declare a greate trueth to you1 wch was before a secrett only to your selfe2 ,i know that ,i run the hazard of incurring your displeasure1 if your ,ladysp should not reade the candor of my intentions1 wch in my ,letter ,i intend towards you3 but my assurance of haveing herein performed a duty wch ,i owe to my ,god1 and the hope ,i have that you will take it well as ,i intend it1 have encouraged mee to doe it1 and to subscribe myselfe ,honored ,madam ,your humb4 ,ser4 in ,c4 ,j4 ,,walt4 ,,travers4 ,on the back of this letter is the address3 ,for ye ,right ,honble1 the ,lady markes of wossester1 at her howes in ,linkolns ins fields4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,appendix ,e4 ,,colonel ,,christopher ,,copley4 ,sufficient has been said respecting ,copley in the 8,life1 ,times1 c410 pages #bad1 #bae1 to give interest to any matter that can afford information respecting him4 ,illustration3 ,christopher ,copley 7autograph7 ,we here supply his autograph1 from ,,mss4 in the ,british ,museum1 which may be useful to collectors2 and have also to offer the account he gives of himself and his affairs during the ,commonwealth1 derived from ,cole's ,,mss4 also in the ,british ,museum1 ,no4 #ehcb1 volume #ca1 page #bji1 as follows3-- ,i4 7,the following ,case1 wrote on half a sheet of paper1 and was the first draught as seems to me1 by the alterations and scratchings out of several words1 and additions over them4 ,i know not how ,i came by it47 ,col4 ,christopher ,copley his ,case4 ,humbly sheweth1 ,that the said ,colonel ,copley did1 in the year #afdb1 at his own charge raise a troop1 and in #afdd1 a regiment of ,horse1 and supplied the ,parliament with ,bar-iron and ,bullets1 which with other things due amounted to the value of #a1hdc1 whereof #a1ejj was granted unto him as by an order of the #aith of ,july #afef1 may at large appear2 but is still unpaid4 ,that during the greatest part of the years #afdd1 and #afde1 he had the command and care of several regiments of ,horse1 and by the blessing of ,god upon his conduct and resolution1 several pieces of service were done1 and victories obtained1 whereby diverse of the counties of ,england were settled in peace1 to the great advantage of the nation4 ,that the ,committees of all ridings of the county of ,york did1 in approbation of his service and fidelity1 elect him to be ,colonel of the ,west-riding ,regiment of ,horse in #afde2 and the ,parliament1 by their letter1 under the hand of the ,rt honble4 ,mr4 ,speaker1 did also assure him1 that they would be ready upon all occasions to testify their sense of his service2 and did after1 in #afdg1 appoint him to be one of the nine1 who by their vote1 were to command the nine regiments of ,horse then only to be continued for the defence of this nation4 ,that by reason of the premisses the ,earl of ,newcastle caused his wife and children to be turned out of doors1 and his house1 lands1 goods1 and stock at four ,iron ,works to be taken from him1 to the value of #b1jjj2 for which he never had any recompense4 ,that ,lieutt4-,genl4 ,cromwell finding the said ,colonel ,copley would not become subservient to his ambitious ends 7which then were under the curtain1 but since discovered7 caused him to be undeservedly questioned upon articles 7which before he had waived71 and after he had fully cleared himself1 did1 notwithstanding his said service1 contributions and sufferings1 cause him to be put out of the ,catalogue presented to be continued in #afdg2 whereby his regiment was taken from him1 and given to ,colonel ,lambert1 contrary to the said vote2 the ,parliament1 as is conceived1 not then remembering it1 nor their engagement by their letter afore-mentioned4 ,that though he thus lost his command1 yet he did not resist 7as others of late7 but acquiesced in the pleasure of the house1 and submitted shortly after to a ,commonwealth ,government set up2 yet hath been kept out of all employment1 both civil and military ever since2 to his reproach and the ruin of his estate1 contrary to the declaration of the #bjth ,january #afdc1 while he hath seen many others 7who never at all1 or not considerably1 either served or contributed to1 or suffered for the ,parliament7 from mean conditions1 preferred to1 and continued in great commands and employments by their compliances with the many changes of this evil age1 and the lusts of ambitious men1 to the hazard of the ruin of this ,commonwealth4 ,that he did disapprove of the usurpations of the ,protectoral1 and the longings after the regal power2 but when the ,parliament was invited to return to the discharge of their trust1 and were about the restitution of the commands to such1 as by the usurpations were dispossessed1 he tendered his service4 ,and after the late interruption1 he declared his readiness to raise a regiment1 and to run the hazard of his life and fortune1 to reduce the army to the ,parliament's obedience2 and received a ,commission to that end4 ,his humble request1 therefore1 is1 that your ,honours will be pleased upon due consideration of the premisses to confer upon him his own regiment of ,horse1 late under the command of the said ,colonel ,lambert1 and now about #ab years withheld from him1 according to the justice of his case above-mentioned1 or some other command or civil employment in ,england or ,ireland1 suitable to his former1 and to the merit of his fidelity and affections to the ,parliament1 expressed in the premisses4 ,this is a true copy of the last3 ,that since the good ,providence hath put the power into your hand1 your ,excy4 will be pleased upon due consideration of the ,premisses1 to confer upon him a command in ,england or ,ireland1 suitable to his former1 and to the merit of his fidelity and affections to the ,parliament expressed in the ,premisses4 ,,ii4 ,in the #dth ,volume of the ,journals of the ,house of ,commons for #afdd to #afdf1 on the #bjth ,october1 #afde1 is reported--8,a letter from 99 99 #ahth ,october1 #afde-- 99 99 relating the great success of the ,parliament's forces 7about #a1bjj71 under the command of ,colonel ,copley1 near ,ferrybriggs1 over near #b1jjj of the enemy1 under the command of ,digby40 ,and in the #eth ,volume1 #afdf to #afdh1 on the #ahth ,may1 #afdg1 was read--8,a ,certificate from the ,earl of ,manchester1 of the #bjth ,february1 #afdf1 concerning iron belonging to ,mr4 ,copley and his ,partners1 made use of by the forces under his command40 ,on referring to the ,journals of the ,house of ,lords1 we find that on the #hth of ,july1 #afdh1 there was a message from the ,house of ,commons1 and an order desiring their ,lordships' concurrence2 being among other matters--8,an ,ordinance for #d1cbd4 #is4--to ,colonel ,christopher ,copley10 which was entered and agreed to4 7,see ,vol4 ,x41 #afdg to #afdh1 pages #cfi and #cga47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,appendix ,f4 ,copy of ,cromwell's ,,warrant1 and ,,inventory of eight copies of ,papers relating to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 in the possession of ,,bennet ,,woodcroft1 ,esq4 ,f4,r4,s4 #afee4 ,a ,,warrant to pay ,three pounds a week to ,edward ,earl of ,worcester1 for his better maintenance1 c4 ,given by the ,lord ,protector1 as follows3--,see page #bac4 ,a ,,warrant to pay ,three pounds a week to ,ye ,earl of ,worcester4 ,,lord ,,protector1 c4 ,to the ,comrs of our ,treasury ,greetinge our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby require and comand you or any ,two or more of you ,that out of such our ,treasure as is or shalbe remayninge in the reciept of our ,excheqr you pay or cause to bee paid vnto ,edward ,earle of ,worcester or his ,assignes thee weekly allowance of ,three pounds 7heretofore charged on the ,trery att ,goldsmiths ,hall7 for his better maintenance the said weekly allowance to bee continued vntil wee shall give other order to the contrary ,and our further will and pleasure is that you also pay or cause to bee paid forthwith vnto the said ,earle or his ,assignes out of our ,treasure remayninge in or said reciepts the arreares of the said allowance of ,three pounds by the weeke from the eight day of ,january last past vntill which dayes the ,trers of ,goldsmiths hall have certified the same to have been satisfied out of the ,trery there ,and theis presents or the inrollemt thereof shalbe a sufficient ,warrant and discharge aswell to you the said ,comrs of our ,trery as to all others our ,officers and ,ministers of the ,receipt of or ,excheq4 to whome it doth or shall any wayes apperteine for paymt of the said weekly ,allowance and the arreares thereof as aforesaid ,witnes the ,lord ,protector the six and twentith of ,june4 #afee ,pat4 ,roll1 part #d1 ,no4 #cj4 #affj4 ,a ,pardon granted to ,edward ,marquesse of ,worcester of all such offences1 c4 c4 as are expressed in the form of a pardon prepared for that purpose and remaining with ,his ,majesty's ,attorney ,general4 ,dated ,august1 #affj4 #affd-e4 ,grant to ,edward ,marquesse and ,earle of ,worcester of all sums of money1 jewels1 goods1 and other matters and things of value concealed or accounted for and arising out of the real and personal estate of the said ,edward ,earl and ,marquesse of ,worcester and of his ,father ,henry late ,marquiss of ,worcester or belonging to the same and which by the laws of the kingdom are forfeited and belong to the ,crown4 #affd-e4 ,grant and release to ,edward ,marquis of ,worcester of the tenth part of the benefits accruing from his ,water-commanding engine settled upon the ,crown1 such ,grant or release being in consideration of the surrender of the ,warrant of ,charles ,i4 dated at ,oxford1 #eth ,january1 #afdd1 made unto said ,edward ,marquis of ,worcester by the name of ,lord ,herbert for the grant of lands to the value of #dj1jjj1 c4 c4 #afgj-ga4 ,letters ,patent to ,henry ,marquis of ,worcester1 remitting payment of certain sums due to the ,crown at the time of the death of his ,father ,edward ,marquis of ,worcester4 #afgc4 ,letters ,patent relating to constitution of ,peverill ,court and appointing ,henry ,marquis of ,worcester and ,charles ,lord ,herbert and ,arthur ,lord ,somerset 7sons of the ,marquis7 ,chief ,seneschals and ,simon ,degge ,seneschal of said ,court4 #afge-f4 ,letters ,patent to ,henry ,marquis of ,worcester1 granting to him the ,manor of ,wondey in the ,county of ,monmouth4 #afge-f4 ,letters ,patent to ,henry ,marquis of ,worcester conceding the advowson c4 of the ,rectory of ,sapworth or ,sopworth in ,wiltshire in exchange for that of ,blendworth in the ,county of ,southampton4 #afgh4 ,commission of ,lunacy to inquire whether ,margaret ,dowager ,marchioness of ,worcester is a ,lunatic1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,appendix ,g4 ,,vauxhall ,,works1 ,,and ,,caspar ,,kaltoff4 ,i4 ,the ,honourable ,robert ,boyle1 corresponding with ,samuel ,hartlib1 the latter1 under date 8,duke's ,place1 ,july #bdth1 #afdi10 writes--8,as for ,vauxhall1 there is a proviso put into the ,act1 that it shall not be sold40 ,and in another letter1 dated 8,may #hth1 #afed10 ,hartlib says--8,the ,earl of ,worcester is buying ,vaux-hall from ,mr4 ,trenchard1 to bestow the use of that house upon ,gaspar ,calehof and his son1 as long as they shall live40 ,works1 fol4 #agdd1 ,vol4 ,v41 pp4 #beg and #bfd4 ,,ii4 ,the annexed particulars of the premises at ,vauxhall1 where the ,marquis of ,worcester erected one of his ,water-commanding ,engines1 and of ,kalthoff and his family1 are derived from the ,books of the ,duchy of ,cornwall ,office4 #a4--;,duchy of ,cornwall ,office4 ,from ,index to ,reports--#affj-afhd4 ,a to ,p4 #a4 ,kennington99 7,surry74 ,peter ,jacobson4 99,kennington 7,foxhall ,house7 #bfth ,oct41 #afff4 ,his ,majesty's ,warrant directed to ,lord ,treasurer ,southampton and ,lord ,ashley1 to grant ,mr4 ,jacobson a ,lease for his life at a moderate rent1 he having expended the sum of #gjj4 on the ,premises in making them convenient for the ,trade of a ,sugar ,baker4-- ,fo4 #bah4 ,surveyor ,general's ,constat or ,direction on the ,warrant of ,lord ,ashley1 ,chancellor of ,exchequer1 enters minutely into every particular of the premises1 showing in what manner the whole has been occupied1 and reports the value per annum1 and the value for a fine1 c4 ,fo4 #bai4 99499 ,jacobson married ,kaltoff's daughter4 #b4--,martha ,calthoff4 ,the ,widow of ,gaspar ,calthoff 7a native of ,holland1 who had settled in this ,house by his ,attorney1 and employed in making ,guns and divers ,engines and works for the ,king's service74 ,her ,petition and case at large4 ,here ,sir ,charles ,harbard also enters into a very minute detail of the premises in question4 ,fo4 #cbf4 #c4--;,duchy of ,cornwall ,office4 ,report ,h4 #a4 #affe-affh4 7,signed7 ,,charles ,r4 ,vauxhall1 ,peter ,jacobson4 ,by his ,petition--has been at a ,charge of #gjj4 in repairing and building a part of ,vauxhall1 which was waste1 and made the same convenient for a ,sugar ,baker1 the said ,j4's profession--in con4 of his charges--and losses by the late fire at ,london--desires some certainty of the ,premises4--,our pleasure to grant a ,lease to ,p4 ,j4 of that part of ,vauxhall which he hath repaired and built for his trade of a ,sugar ,baker--for the term of his life--at some moderate ,rental4 ,whitehall1 #bfth ,oct4 #afff4 #ahth year of reign4 #d4--;,duchy of ,cornwall ,office4 ,report ,h4 #a4 #affe-fh4 ,report of the ,surveyors ,general ,c4 ,harbard and ,hugh ,may1 dated #beth and #bgth ,april1 #affh1 respecting ,foxhall ,house1 parcel of the ,manor of ,kennington and ,duchy of ,cornwall4 99499 ,this is already quoted in the 8,life1 ,times1 c410 page #bci4 #e4--;,duchy of ,cornwall ,office4 ,particulars of a ,lease in the form of ,letters ,patent4 #bbnd ,march1 #affg-fh4 ,letters ,patent whereby the ,king demised unto ,peter ,jacobson-- ,all that part of our ,mansion ,house called ,vauxhall or ,ffoxhall1 part of the ,manor of ,kennington1 in the ,county of ,surrey1 extending in length next the ,river ,thames #ahf feet1 or thereabout1 and in width #bb feet1 or thereabout2 and all that other part of the same ,mansion ,house adjoining the premises1 and from thence extending towards the ,s4,e4 #dg feet1 and in width ,n4,w4 #cc2 feet1 or thereabout1 and in other parts #bd feet1 or thereabout2 together with all that area or place adjoining and fenced in1 extending in length #ada feet1 or thereabout1 and in width to the ,w4 end #dj feet1 and to the ,s4 end #dg feet1 or thereabout1 together with free ingress and egress in and through the steps and doors existing at the ,n4 end of the aforesaid house1 and through and over the area there1 called the ,court-yard1 appertaining to the aforesaid ,house1 and all that ,stable lately built upon part of the said place or area last mentioned1 consisting in length #bh feet1 or thereabout1 and in width #ag feet1 or thereabout2 also that shed #bf by #aj feet--premises in or near the ,parish of ,lambeth1 and now in the tenure or occupation of ,peter ,jacobson 99 994 ,this ,lease granted in consideration of the expense incurred in repairing and amending the buildings for and during his natural life1 at a ,rental of only #e4 #f4--;,duchy of ,cornwall ,office4 ,mem4 from various ,drafts4 #abth ,january1 #afei-fj4--;,ch4 ,,ii4 ,indenture of ,lease between the ,king's ,majesty and ,henry ,lord ,moore4 #bbnd ,march1 #affg-h4--aith ,ch4 ,,ii4 ,letters ,patent--,the ,king unto ,peter ,jacobson4 ,to hold during the natural life of ,p4 ,j4 ,rent #e4 #ast ,aug4 #afgb4--bdth ,ch4 ,,ii4 ,letters ,patent whereby the ,king from grace and favour towards ,jasper ,calthoff and ,martha ,calthoff lately deceased1 and their children1 devised unto ,herbert ,price1 ,knight and ,baronet1 ,james ,read1 ,esq41 and ,john ,renny1 ,gentleman1 at the nomination and appointment of ,claude ,denis and ,catherine his wife1 one of the daughters of the said ,jasper ,calthoff and ,martha his wife4 ,jasper ,calthoff and ,isabel ,calthoff1 others of the sons and daughters of the said ,jasper and ,martha ,calthoff4 99499 ,then there would be also ,peter ,jacobson1 the son-in-law1 who married a daughter4 #g4 ,the following particulars are derived from the ,records of the ,state ,paper ,office3-- ,state ,papers4 ,vol4 #adb1 ,no4 #acd4 ,martha ,kalthof and ,peter ,jacobson's ,petition4 ,to the ,king's most excellent ,majesty4 ,the ,humble ,petition of ,martha1 widow of ,caspar ,kalthof1 and ,peter ,jacobson1 her son-in-law4 ,showeth1 ,that the said ,martha is the distressed widow of the said ,caspar1 your ,majesty's and your ,royal father's old servant4 ,that he was planted by your ,majesty's most gracious father in ,vauxhall1 and had building therein erected for the exercise of his art and feat as ,ingineur engineer4 ,that your ,majesty upon your happy ,restoration resettled him in the said house1 after he had been long turned out of doors by the great ,traitor and ,usurper4 ,that in this ejection her husband was plundered and bereaved of an estate near #c1jjj4 sterling1 and left with #d children1 some whereof were infants4 ,that being reinstated by your ,majesty as aforesaid1 he was naked and without means to prefer his daughter grown up1 but upon the trust of your ,majesty's grace1 did dispose of one of his daughters to the ,petitioner1 ,peter ,jacobson1 but without any other portion than the firm hopes of your ,majesty's continued grace and ,royal goodness4 ,that in consideration the ,petitioner1 ,peter ,jacobson1 did bestow in making the building of that house for his calling of sugar-baking near the sum of #gjj4 sterling4 ,that now1 on the death of his said father-in-law1 he is left at your ,majesty's mercy for his continuance in this house to the ,petitioner ,martha's subsistence and her other two daughters preferment1 which depends wholly upon the said ,peter ,jacobson his enjoyment of the said house for perfecting his work1 and refunding his said great expences4 ,and although your ,majesty hath been graciously pleased to design the son of the said ,caspar to succeed this office and service1 yet forasmuch as he is held up by the ,emperor of ,russia1 the ,petitioners are both under great fears without your ,majesty's special grace and clemency4 ,their most humble ,petition therefore and only hope is that your ,majesty will be graciously pleased in contemplation of both their desolate otherwise1 and truly sad condition1 to grant them such terms of years in the said house1 as may in some measure repair the estate of the said widow to provide of the maintenance of herself and preferment of her two orphan daughters1 and enable the ,petitioner ,peter1 her son-in-law1 by holding the said ,sugar-house some certain term of years to have recompense of his said expense of #gjj4 bestowed upon your ,majesty's grounds1 which he will leave after in good repair to the improvement of your ,majesty's interest4 ,and your ,petitioners as in duty bound shall ever with theirs pray1 c4 ,see ,col4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affe-ff1 edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green4 #hvo4 #ahfd4 p4 #aec1 ,no4 #acd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,vol4 #ajb1 ,no4 #ac4 ,sept4 #e4 ,whitehall4 ,warrant from ,secretary ,bennet4 7,ent4 ,book #af1 p4 #bbj47 ,it is his ,majesty's pleasure that ,sir ,herbert ,price1 ,sir ,paul ,neal1 and ,sir ,robert ,murray1 being attended by ,mr4 ,gervase ,price1 his ,majesty's ,serjeant ,trumpeter1 do visit ,foxhall1 and there enquire by whom the several rooms in it are possessed1 and particularly what belongs to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 what to ,gaspar ,collthoffe1 late deceased1 and what their respective interests in the ,engines1 ,tools1 c4 remaining in that place are1 hearing on the one part the ,lord ,john ,somerset2 and on the other the widow of the said ,colthoff1 and his son-in-law1 and any persons relating to them1 of all which the said persons above mentioned are to give an account to his ,majesty in writing4 ,whitehall1 ,september #e1 #affd4 ,,henry ,,bennet4 ,see ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affd-fe4 ,edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green4 #hvo4 #ahfc4 p4 #b4 ,no4 #ac4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,appendix ,h4 ,,apocryphal ,,passages4 ,statements that have at various times been published as matters of fact relating to the personal history of the ,marquis of ,worcester4 #a4 ,the ,pot-lid ,story4--,no account of the ,marquis's great discovery has hitherto been considered complete without relating what is usually offered as a traditional anecdote of its origin4 ,the latest publication1 in a popular form1 occurs in 8,a ,history of ,wonderful ,inventions10 where its interest is enhanced by a neatly executed engraving4 ,it relates that1 at the conclusion of the ,civil ,war1 the ,marquis 8hastened over to ,france1 where1 after spending some time at the court of the exiled royal family of ,england1 he returned to this country as their secret agent1 but being detected1 was confined a prisoner in the ,tower40 ,it is said that during this imprisonment1 8while he was engaged one day in cooking his own dinner1 he observed the lid of the pot was continually being forced upwards by the vapour of the boiling water contained in the vessel4 ,being a man of thoughtful disposition1 and having1 moreover1 a taste for scientific investigation1 he began to reflect on the circumstance1 when it occurred to him that the same power which was capable of raising the iron cover of the pot might be applied to a variety of useful purposes2 and on obtaining his liberty1 he set to work to produce a practical exposition of his ideas on the subject in the shape of an acting machine1 which he described in his work0--the 8,century40 ,every writer varies this story in its details4 ,here the compiler1 drawing on his imagination1 certifies to the ,marquis being his own cook1 providing his own dinner1 and verifies the pot-lid being of iron4 ,disraeli and others vaguely state it to have been his meal that was being prepared in his presence1 saying nothing whether the pot was brass1 copper1 or iron4 ,the ,tower must have had a large supply of these cooking utensils to meet the wants of its prisoners6 ,the story reminds one of that of the ,three ,black ,crows related by ,addison in ,the ,spectator1 for like it this 8pot-lid0 story may after all have originated in some lecture or conversation1 in which the speaker indulged his fancy by venturing the statement as what might appear to him a feasible suggestion1 and one calculated to render the matter interesting and impressive4 ,had it happened at all it must have occurred from #afeb to #afed2 but the 8pot-lid0 story1 in another form1 was current in #aeig1 when ,lord ,bacon1 in his ,essays1 alluding to the origin of ,inventions1 remarks3--8,it should seem1 that hitherto men are rather beholding to a wild goat for surgerie1 or to a nightingale for music1 or to the ibis for some part of physic1 or to the ,,pot-,,lid that flew open for artillery1 or generally to chance1 or anything else1 than to logic for the invention of ,arts and ,sciences40 ,the third edition of these ,essays was published at ,oxford in #afcc1 and from so popular a source it was natural for the vulgar to take the suggestive idea of the 8pot-lid0 to account for the origin of the steam engine1 rather than to assign the birth of that gigantic production to a natural process of inductive reasoning4 #b4 ,unfounded ,charge of ,forgery4--,thomas ,carte1 son of the ,rev4 ,samuel ,carte1 born in ,warwickshire1 was baptized there by immersion1 #bcrd of ,april1 #afhf4 ,in #agbb1 being accused of high treason1 he fled to ,france1 but returning in #agbh-cj1 he1 in #agce1 published the third volume of his 8,life of the ,duke of ,ormonde40 ,among other matters1 ,nichols1 in his 8,literary ,anecdotes10 ,vol4 ,,ix41 #ahae1 observes3 8,in an unpublished letter to ,dr4 ,z4 ,grey1 dated ,may #ad1 #agcf1 he says--#8,i suppose you have read that volume the #crd1 and seen there the letters relating to the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 who certainly forged every commission he pretended to from the ,king4,d ,i give you his character in the ,history very justly1 but yet too tenderly drawn1 because ,i am naturally unwilling to lay a load on any man's memory1 except ,i am absolutely forced to it4 ,i intimate 7so strongly that nobody of common sense can mistake the thing7 that he forged letters and commissions without number2 and ,i could have produced the compiler of the ,nuncio's memoirs in evidence 7who had all those commissions before his eyes1 and all the papers signed by ,glamorgan to the ,nuncio71 to prove the commissions and letters he pretended to from ,king ,charles absolutely forged2 for he says he was perfectly acquainted with ,glamorgan's secretary1 and knew his handwriting as well as his own2 and all those commissions and letters were wrote in the hand of an ,irish priest1 who was ,glamorgan's secretary4'0 ,after further remarks to the same effect1 he concludes1 8,in fine1 ,i have not the least doubt but that ,glamorgan forged every pretended power or commission he had2 and all of them so fully express his vanity1 and are so adapted to his present views 7which in most cases could not arise till after he was in ,ireland71 that they could have no other author but himself4 ,i must observe to you that this letter1 being directed to the ,nuncio1 is the only original of the ,king's writing among his papers 7for ,glamorgan only gave him copies translated of the others72 and whatever commission1 or other power1 instructions1 or letters1 ,glamorgan pretended to the ,nuncio to have from the ,king1 must be in a hand agreeable to that which the ,nuncio had as an original40 #gbgb99 ,the ,editor properly notes here3 8,if ,glamorgan only gave copies translated of the other commissions1 it is no great wonder that they should be written in his secretary's hand40 ,in the same work is the following inquiry from a correspondent3 8,i never met with anybody but ,mr4 ,thomas ,carte who talked of ,impartiality and ,mr4 ,thomas ,carte in the same breath4 ,but1 waiving that question1 ,i cannot help asking--,if the ,irish ,rebellion1 and all the mischiefs of that period1 are to be attributed to commissions and powers forged by the soi-disant ,earl of ,glamorgan1 what pretence is there for laying all the load and odium thereof upon the ,parliament80 ,a thin quarto volume of ,,mss41 in the ,bodleian ,library1 ,oxford1 entitled 8,notes on ,carte's ,history10 contains a note from ,mr4 ,birch1 dated #bnd ,february1 #agdb-c1 to ,rev4 ,mr4 ,thomas ,carte2 also1 8,the full answer to the ,bystander1 compared with the ,history of the ,life of ,james ,duke of ,ormonde1 written by the same author1 ,september1 #agdb20 likewise several letters from ,rev4 ,j4 ,boswell1 ,taunton2 and lastly1 the following ,,ms4 letter3-- 8,sir1--,i am very much concerned to find by your last letter that you have received such a message from ,mrs4 ,carte4 ,i persuade myself she would think me entitled to the greatest civility from her1 if she was apprised of the friendship which subsisted between me and her late husband4 ,i took no small pains for several years to serve poor ,mr4 ,carte1 and had the satisfaction of such a valuable correspondence with him as entitled him to every good office that ,i could do him4 ,in #agdh ,i laid before him ,the ,case of the ,royal ,martyr considered with candour1 and he was so good as to approve of it1 and earnestly pressed me to print it4 ,in the course of our correspondence ,i mentioned some difficulties which ,i had met with in that work1 and particularly in relation to some facts which had been misrepresented in a book entitled ,an ,enquiry into the share which ,king ,charles1 c4 ,mr4 ,carte1 in a series of letters which he favoured me with on that subject1 gave me many valuable ,notices1 which were of great use to me in clearing up those difficulties1 and which ,i have occasionally availed myself of in many parts of my work4 ,it is likely ,mrs4 ,carte may have found copies of those letters1 some of which were very long4 ,but as ,mr4 ,carte first sent them to me professedly with design that ,i should make what use of them ,i thought proper1 ,i leave ,mrs4 ,carte to consider1 whether her finding such copies of letters in her late husband's own handwriting will give her a claim to any part of my work which you have printed4 ,if ,mrs4 ,carte shall choose to write to me on this affair1 ,i shall be glad to receive a letter from her directed under cover to you4 ,i am1 yours c41 ,the ,author of ,the ,case of the ,royal ,martyr1 40 ,july #beth1 #aged4 7,it has no direction1 and the writing is evidently not that of the ,rev4 ,j4 ,boswell1 of ,taunton47 ,dr4 ,birch was at variance with ,mr4 ,carte on historical points relating to ,charles the ,first and the ,earl of ,glamorgan2 but in his 8,inquiry10 #agef1 he never touches on the subject of this pretended forgery of commissions4 ,the charge is every way discreditable to ,carte1 being a mere theory of his own to give colour to the ,king's representations made in public1 although well known to have had no effect to alienate old friendship between the ,king and the ,earl4 #c4 ,fanshawe's story of #h1jjj4 raised in ,ireland4 ,lady ,fanshawe's ,memoirs1 #affe1 written by herself1 were printed in ,london1 #ahbi4 ,in an introductory memoir we are informed3-- 8,on receiving orders from his ,majesty ,charles ,,ii4 to deliver the seals to ,lord ,inchiquin1 ,mr4 ,fanshawe proceeded on his mission1 and embarked with his wife at ,galway1 in ,february1 #afej1 on board a ,dutch ship for ,malaga4 ,their entry into ,galway1 7which had been devastated by the plague71 is deserving of attention1 and an anecdote1 which is related of the conduct of the ,marquis of ,worcester to the merchants of that town1 if true1 reflects equal disgrace on the cause which he espoused and on his memory40 ,writing in ,ireland1 about #afej1 as appears from the context1 ,lady ,fanshawe says3--8,our house was very clean1 only one maid in it besides the master2 we had a very good supper provided and being very weary went early to bed4 ,the owner of this house entertained us with the story of the last ,marquis of ,worcester1 who had been there sometime the year before3 he had of his own and other friends' jewels to the value of #h1jjj1 which some merchants had lent upon them4 ,my ,lord appointed a day for receiving the money upon them and delivering the jewels2 being met1 he shows them all to these persons1 then seals them up in a box1 and delivered them to one of these merchants1 by consent of the rest1 to be kept for one year1 and upon the payment of the #h1jjj by my ,lord ,marquis to be delivered him4 8,after my ,lord had received the money1 he was entertained at all these persons' houses1 and nobly feasted with them near a month3 he went from thence to ,france4 ,when the year was expired1 they1 by letters into ,france1 pressed the payment of this borrowed money several times1 alleging they had great necessity of their money to drive their trade with1 to which my ,lord ,marquis made no answer1 which did at last so exasperate these men1 that they broke open the seals1 and opening the box found nothing but rags and stones for their #h1jjj1 at which they were highly enraged1 and in this case ,i left them40 ,the least acquaintance with the character of the ,marquis must satisfy any one of the absurdity of this silly story1 fastened on a man of stainless honour1 by an obscure lodging-house keeper4 ,the man who related it could never have imagined that ,lady ,fanshawe would place on record the story he was relating for her amusement1 as an historical fact1 or he might have shown more discretion than her ,ladyship1 by affording some authority for a statement of so scandalous a character4 #d4 ,pretended interview between the ,marquis of ,worcester and ,de ,caus in the ,bictre1 ,paris4--,this fiction was long supported by a forged letter1 pretended to have been written in ,february1 #afda1 by ,marion ,delorme1 addressed to ,m4 de ,cinq-,mars4 ,an exposure of this fable is due to ,m4 ,figuier1 in his 8,principales ,dcouvertes ,scientifiques ,modernes10 post octavo1 #d volumes1 #ahfb4 ,after quoting the fabricated document1 he says3--8,cette pice1 fabrique par un mystificateur hardi1 eut un succs prodigieux1 et l'on ne manqua pas de dire que le marquis de ,worcester1 qui ses compatriotes attribuent la dcouverte de la machine vapeur1 en avait puis l'ide dans sa conversation avec le fou de ,bictre4 ,on pouvait cependant lever contre l'authenticit de cet crit quelques objections qui ne manquent pas de solidit4 ,on pouvait faire remarquer1 entre autres choses1 que ,salomon de ,caus1 mort en #afcj1 aurait pu difficilement tre enferm en #afda dans un hpital de fous2 que ,bictre tait alors une commanderie de ,saint-,louis1 o l'on donnait asile d'anciens militaires1 et non un hpital2--que ,salomon de ,caus n'avait jamais pens construire une machine utilisant les effets mchaniques de la vapeur2--enfin qu'il n'avait jamais reu que de bons offices de la part de ,richelieu puisque dans la ddicase de son livre1 ,la practique et dmonstration des horloges il exprime sa reconnaissance pour les bonts du cardinal4 ,mais le public n'y regarde pas de si prs1 et bien de gens ne renoncent pas sans douleur la bonne fortune historique d'un homme de gnie mourant l'hpital4 ,un sujet si bien trouv revenait de droit aux ouvres de l'imagination et de l'art4 ,on a vu1 l'une des expositions du ,louvre1 un tableau de l'un de nos peintres1 ,m4 ,lecurieux1 dans lequel ,salomon de ,caus1 enferm ,bictre1 est reprsent les yeux caves et la barbe hrisse1 tendant les mains1 travers les barreux de sa prison1 au couple brillant de ,marion ,delorme et du marquis4 ,la lithographie et la gravure ont consacr l'envi ce prjug historique1 le thtre,e et de roman l'ont exploit1 de telle sorte que l'architecte normand tient aujourd' hui sa place ct de ,galile et de ,christophe ,colomb sur la liste des hommes de gnie perscuts et mconnus4 ,jusques quand cette lgende de fabrication moderne usurpera-t-elle le titre de fait historique80 ,pages #cb1 #cc4 #e4 ,a ,scotch view of the 8,century40 ,in ,blackwood's ,magazine1 ,vol4 #f1 #ahbj1 p4 #fee1 a correspondent1 under the signature of ,j4 ,c41 in an article dated ,manchester1 ,february #h1 #ahbj1 8,on ,sir ,thomas ,urquhart's ,jewell10 declares3--8,i have good reason 8 to believe1 ,sir ,thomas was the real author of that singular production1 #8,a century of names and scantlings of inventions1' the credit or discredit of which was dishonestly 8 assumed by the ,marquis of ,worcester40 ,mr4 ,hugh ,miller1 in his 8,scenes and ,legends of the ,north of ,scotland10 #abmo4 ,edin4 #ahce1 has enlarged on this speculative view with amusing fervour4 ,he says3--8,if intrinsic evidence be allowed to weigh anything1 either this little tract the 8,century0 was written by ,sir ,thomas2 or1 what is much less probable1 the world1 nay1 the same age and island1 have produced two ,sir ,thomases4 ,some little weight1 too1 may be attached to the fact1 that many of his manuscripts were lost in the city of ,worcester1 near which place1 judging from the ,title1 it is probable the ,marquis resided 62 and that the 8,century of ,names0 was not published until #affc1 two years after death had disarmed poor ,sir ,thomas of his sword and his pen1 and rendered him insensible to both his country's honour and his own4 ,if in reality the author of this piece1 he must be regarded1 it is said1 as the prime inventor of the steam engine40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,appendix ,i4 ,,petition4 ,at page #bhd of the 8,life0 is a copy of an undated letter1 which may have been one addressed to the ,duke of ,albemarle4 ,the ,marquis speaks of the neglect of two petitions1 which may be the one given at page #bhb1 and the present petition1 to the matter of both of which the annexed letter from the ,duke of ,albemarle may refer4 ,it would thus appear that his petitions lay neglected for two months4 ,state ,papers4 ,vol4 #aeb1 ,no4 #hb4 ,petition of the ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,to the ,king's most excellent ,majesty1 ,the ,petition of ,edward ,earl and ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,that the ,petitioner having with great loyalty expended and lost his whole fortune 7being very considerable7 for the interest of the ,crown1 and public services whereby he is reduced to that deplorable condition through his debts and wants1 that he is not capable to eat bread of his own1 or allow himself the freedom of the streets1 being deprived hereof through the clamour of his creditors1 whose moneys were really borrowed for the use1 and on the desire of your ,majesty's royal father of blessed memory1 your sacred ,majesty sic and for advancing public services to the general good of the kingdom and security of your ,royal person and dignity1 of which the ,petitioner hath paid above #ce1jjj since your ,majesty's happy restoration1 besides many former sums lent and expended1 for which it is humbly presumed your sacred ,majesty 7when rightly informed7 will have particular regard to release and to pay such great acts of loyalty as the ,petitioner can make appear1 as well for justice as an encouragement for all loyal subjects hereafter to expose themselves and fortunes at any rate for your ,royal interest1 as the ,petitioner hath without precedent1 truly and really done in many eminent particular services1 too tedious to trouble your ,majesty with1 being more fit to be heard and prepared by some of your ,majesty's most honourable privy ,council1 who are the most proper advisers in such cases1 whose report and advice in this matter to your ,majesty may prove a redemption to the ,petitioner1 a royal exoneration to your ,majesty1 and a great encouragement to all good subjects for the future1 to expose themselves as the ,petitioner hath done1 for your ,majesty's less trouble and better understanding of the premisses1 and what shall be made appear concerning the same4 ,the ,petitioner's most humble request is1 that your ,majesty will be graciously pleased to recommend and refer the ,petitioner to be fully heard touching his services1 loans1 disbursements1 losses1 and sufferings to the ,lord ,high ,chancellor of ,england1 and the ,lord ,privy ,seal1 the ,duke of ,albemarle1 the ,marquis of ,dorchester1 the ,earl of ,anglesey1 the ,earl of ,loutherdale2 the ,lord ,holles1 the ,lord ,ashley1 ,lord ,arlington and ,mr4 ,secretary ,morrice1 or to such of them1 or other1 as your ,majesty shall think fit4 ,and that your ,majesty will be pleased to order the said ,lords to refer to reports to your ,majesty with all convenient speed the ,petitioner's whole case1 as they shall find it1 with their opinions to your ,majesty for such just and speedy satisfaction for the relief of the ,petitioner1 and encouragement for his long endeavouring for the public good1 as shall be thought fit1 whereby he may be enabled to stop the mouths of his numerous and clamorous creditors1 and live himself without disgrace to nobility1 or being further necessitated to importune your ,majesty4 ,and that1 until the ,petitioner's case can be reported1 and fitted for your ,majesty's royal pleasure1 your ,majesty will be pleased to order the ,petitioner1 some small sum out of the privy purse for the present support of his wife and family who exceedingly want the same4 ,and your ,petitioner will ever pray1 c4 c4 ,see ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affe-ff4 ,edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green1 #hvo4 #ahfd4 ,p4 #ccj1 ,no4 #hb4 ,state ,papers4 ,vol4 #add1 ,no4 #bg4 ,duke of ,albemarle to ,lord ,arlington4 ,my ,lord1--,at the request of my ,lord ,marquis of ,worcester ,i make bold to write to your ,lordship in his behalf1 you know his ,lordship's business so well that ,i shall not need to state it to you4 ,i desire your ,lordship's assistance to him in the dispatch of his ,lordship's concerns before you1 whereby your ,lordship will oblige my ,lord of ,worcester1 and also him who is1 ,your ,lordships very humble servant1 ,,albemarle4 ,cockpit1 #c ,jan4 #affe4 ,addressed at the back--8,for the ,right ,honourable ,henry ,lord ,arlington1 ,principal ,secretary of ,state these1 at ,oxford40 99499 ,calendared under #afff4 ,vol4 #adb4 ,no4 #aa1 #b4 ,reference to the ,lord ,chancellor and others4 ,see ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affe-ff4 ,edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green1 #hvo4 #ahfd4 ,p4 #ahi1 ,no4 #bg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,state ,papers4 ,vol4 #aeb1 ,no4 #aj4 ,reference to ,sir ,thomas ,ingram--,ent4 ,book #ah1 page #bjj4 ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,upon the ,petition of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 who desiring to be heard in his suit about ,mr4 ,hall1 to be referred to the ,chancellor of the ,dutchy4 ,march #bd1 #affe-ff4 ,his ,majesty is graciously pleased to refer the suit of the honourable ,petitioner unto the ,rt4 ,honble4 ,sir ,thomas ,ingram1 ,knt41 and to consider thereof1 and to report his opinion thereupon to his ,majesty1 who will then declare his further pleasure1 with a gracious regard to the ,petitioner's services and sufferings4 ,see ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affe-ff4 ,edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green1 #hvo4 #ahfd4 page #caf1 ,no4 #aa1 #c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,state ,papers4 ,vol4 #aeb1 ,no4 #hb4 ,reference thereon to the ,lord ,chancellor and others4 ,at the ,court of ,whitehall1 ,march the ,march #bd1 #affe-f4 ,his ,majesty is graciously pleased to refer this honourable ,petitioner1 and his suit1 to the ,right ,honourable the ,lord ,high ,chancellor of ,england1 and the ,lord ,privy ,seal1 the ,duke of ,albemarle1 the ,marquis of ,dorchester1 the ,earl of ,anglesey1 the ,earl of ,loutherdale1 the ,lord ,holles1 the ,lord ,ashley1 myself1 and ,mr4 ,secretary ,morrice1 or to any three or more of them1 who are hereby authorized to take special care to find out the truth of the whole particulars1 which will be afforded by the ,petitioner1 and to report the same to his ,majesty1 their opinions of the most proper and expeditious way for his ,majesty to answer the ,petitioner's desires1 so far as the same shall be found just1 upon whose report his ,majesty will take a speedy course for the ,petitioner's satisfaction4 ,no signature1 date1 or endorsement4 ,but in ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 #affe-ff1 reference is made1 p4 #caf1 ,no4 #aa1 to ,ent4 ,book #ah1 p4 #ah1 which supplies the date #bd ,march1 #affe-f4 ,see ,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affe-ff4 ,edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green4 #hvo4 #ahfd1 page #ccj1 ,no4 #hb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,appendix ,k4 ,,john ,,gower4 ,in the 8,life1 ,times1 c410 page #ajh1 a quotation is given from the poet ,gower1 as used by ,henry ,marquis of ,worcester1 in addressing ,charles ,i4 and is again alluded to at page #ade4 ,the author is indebted to a friend for taking the trouble to search the works of the poet1 at the ,london ,institution1 and supplying1 from ,chalmers' edition1 #ahaj1 page #bah1 the following reference and extract4 ,the lines occur in 8,confessio ,amantis10 ,book ,,vii4 in a dialogue1 the subject being3 8,of the three1 ,wine1 ,women1 or the ,king1 which is the strongest80 ,harpages says3-- ,a kynge maie spille1,f a kynge maie saue1 ,a kynge maie make a lorde a knaue1 ,and of a knaue a lorde also1 ,the power of a kynge stont,g so3 ,that he the lawes ouerpasseth4 ,what he will make lesse1 he lasseth1 ,what he will make more1 he moreth4 ,,catalogue ,,of ,,early ,,scientific ,,works1 ,,principally ,,anterior ,,to ,,the ,,publication ,,of ,,the ,,century ,,of ,,inventions1 ,,in #affc2 ,,with ,a ,,few ,,modern ,,authorities ,,on ,,mechanical ,,inventions1 ,,affording ,,collateral ,,illustrations4 ,,arago1 ,,fran,,ois1 ,member of the ,institute4 ,biographies of ,distinguished ,scientific ,members4 ,translated by ,admiral ,smith1 ,rev4 ,b4 ,powell1 ,m4,a41 and ,r4 ,grant1 ,m4,a4 #hvo4 #aheg4 ,life of ,james ,watt4 ,,babington1 ,,john1 ,pyrotechnia3 or1 ,a ,discourse of ,artificiall ,fire-works4 ,whereunto is annexed a short treatise of ,geometrie4 ,folio4 #afce4 ,,bacon1 ,,roger4 ,frier ,bacon his discovery of the miracles of art1 nature1 and magick4 ,faithfully translated out of ,dr4 ,dee's own copy1 by ,t4 ,m4 and never before in ,english4 ,london1 ,printed for ,simon ,miller1 at the ,starre in ,st4 ,pauls ,church-yard4 #abmo4 #fc pages4 #afei4 ,,barlow1 ,,peter1 ,f4,r4,s4 c4--,see ,encyclopdia ,metropolitana4 ,,bate1 ,,john1 ,the ,mysteries of ,nature and ,art in four severall parts4 ,the first of water-works3 the second of fire-works3 the third of drawing1 washing1 limning1 painting1 and engraving3 the fourth of sundry experiments4 #dto4 #afcd4 ,the second edition4 #afce4 ,,becherus1 ,j4 ,j4 ,character1 pro ,notia ,linguarum universali4 #hvo4 ,franc4 #affa4 ,,bedwell1 ,,william4--,see ,peter ,ramus4 ,,besson1 ,,jacques4 ,il ,theatro de gl' ,instrumenti e ,machine2 con una brieve dichiaration di tutte le figure di ,f4 ,beroaldo4 ,folio4 ,lione1 #aehb4 ,,bessoni1 ,,jacobi1 ,delphinatis1 ,mathematici ingeniosissimi4 ,theatrum ,instrumentorum et ,machinarum4 ,cum ,,franc4 ,,beroaldi figurum declaratione demonstratiua4 folio4 ,lugduni4 #aegh4 ,london ,institution4 ,,bettino1 ,bononiensi1 e soc4 ,jesu4 ,mario4 ,apariari univers philosophi mathematic4 ,folio4 ,bononi1 #afdb4 ,,billingsley1 ,,henry1 ,citizen of ,london4 ,the ,elements of ,geometrie1 of the most auncient ,philosopher ,euclide of ,megra4 ,faithfully 7now first7 translated into the ,englishe toung4 ,with a faithfull ,preface made by ,m4 ,j4 ,dee4 ,imprinted at ,london by ,john ,daye4 ,folio4 #aegj4 ,the date is at the end1 vide page #dfe4 ,,bourne1 ,,william1 ,inventions or ,devices4 ,very necessary for all generalles and captaines1 or leaders of men1 as wel by sea as land3 ,written by -- #dto4 ,an4 #aegh4 ,,boyle1 ,,the ,,honourable ,,robert1 ,the ,works of4 ,preface by ,thomas ,birch4 #e vols1 folio4 #agdd4 ,,bradley1 ,,richard1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,new ,improvements of ,planting and ,gardening1 both philosophical and practical4 #hvo4 #agah4 ,the #bnd edition in #c parts1 separately paged4 ,see #crd part1 pp4 #agd-agi4 ,,branca1 ,,giovanni1 ,le ,machine4 ,volume nuovo e di molto artificio1 da fare effetti maravigliosi tanto ,spiritali1 c4 #dto4 ,roma1 #afbi4 ,,brocklerum1 ,,georgium ,,andream4 ,theatrum ,machinarum novum4 ,folio4 ,coloniae ,agrippinae1 #affb4 ,,brown1 ,j4 ,w4 ,the ,life of ,leonardo da ,vinci1 with a critical account of his works4 #abmo4 #ahbh4 ,,caus1 ,,isaac ,,de4 ,new and rare inventions of ,water-works1 shewing the easiest waies to raise water higher then the spring4 ,by which invention the ,perpetual ,motion is proposed many hard labours performed ,and variety of motions and sounds produced4 ,first written in ,french by ,isaak de ,caus a late famous engineer3 ,and now translated into ,english by ,john ,leak4 ,london1 ,printed by ,joseph ,moxon4 ,folio4 #afei4 ,london ,institution4 ,,caus1 ,,salomon ,,de4 ,les ,raisons des forces ,mouvantes avec diverses ,machines4 ,folio4 ,francfort1 #afae4 -------- ,zusatz von allerhand ,mhl ,wasser und ,brotten ,werken4 ,the second part of a volume commencing with1 8,heronis ,alexandrini ,buch von der ,lufft und ,wasser ,kunst40 #dto4 ,francfurt1 #afhh4 ,fifty-five quarto copper-plates1 ,mills1 ,fountains1 and ,automata4 ,,chilmead1 ,,william1 ,m4 ,a4--,see ,james ,gaffarel4 ,,clark1 ,,daniel ,k41 ,c4 ,e4--,see ,encyclopdia ,britannica4 ,,cosmo ,,the ,,third1 ,grand ,duke of ,tuscany1 ,travels through ,england during the reign of ,charles ,,ii4 7#affi74 ,roy4 #dto4 #ahba4 ,,desaguliers1 ,the ,rev4 ,j4 ,t41 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 4 ,a ,course of ,experimental ,philosophy4 #b vols4 #dto4 #agfc4 -------- ,account of the ,automaton1 by ,m4 ,vaucanson1 ,inventor1 translated by4 #dto4 #agdb4 ,,digges1 ,,thomas1 ,a geometrical practical treatize named ,pantrometria1 divided into three ,books4 ,folio4 #aeia4 ,,digges1 ,,leonard1 ,gentleman4 ,a ,prognotification cuertaininge ,orriginal good effecte1 fruitfully augmented by the auctour1 c4 augmented by ,thomas ,digges his sonne4 ,b4 ,l4 #dto4 #aegf4 ,,dirckes1 ,,henry4 ,perpetuum ,mobile2 or1 a history of the search for self-motive power1 during the #agth1 #ahth1 and #aith centuries1 illustrated from various authentic sources2 with an ,introductory ,essay4 ,post #hvo4 #ahfa4 ,,dircks1 ,,henry4 ,a ,biographical ,memoir of ,samuel ,hartlib4 ,containing a reprint of his publication of ,cressy ,dymock's account of 8,an ,invention of ,engines of ,motion40 #hvo4 #ahfe4 ,,doppelmayr1 ,,johann ,,gabriel4 ,historische ,nachricht von den ,nrnbergischen ,mathematicis und ,kunstlern4 ,folio4 ,nrnberg1 #agcj4 ,,dudley1 ,,dud4 ,metallum ,martis3 or1 ,iron made with ,pit-coale1 c4 #dto4 #affe4 ,,dymock1 ,,cressy4 ,an ,invention of ,engines of ,motion lately brought to perfection4 ,see reprint in ,h4 ,dircks' ,life of ,samuel ,hartlib4 post octavo4 #ahfd4 ,,encyclop,,dia ,,britannica4 ,vol4 #bj1 #hth edition4 #dto4 #ahfj4 ,article--,steam and ,steam ,engine4 ,by ,daniel ,k4 ,clark1 ,c4 ,e4 ,,encyclop,,dia ,,metropolitana4 #dto4 #ahde4 ,vol4 #f1 ,mixed ,sciences4 ,containing--,a ,treatise on the ,manufactures and ,machinery of ,great ,britain4 ,by ,peter ,barlow1 ,f4,r4,s41 c4 #ahcf4 ,,etten1 ,,henry ,,van4 ,mathematicall ,recreations4 ,or a ,collection of sundrie ,problemes1 extracted out of the ,ancient and ,moderne ,philosophers1 as secrets in nature1 and experiments in ,arithmeticke1 ,geometrie1 c4 ,most of which were written first in ,greeke and ,latine1 lately compiled in ,french1 by ,henry ,van ,etten1 ,gent4 ,small #hvo4 #afcc4 -------- ,recreation ,mathematique et entretien facetieux de plusieurs plaisants problemes en faict d'arithmetique1 geometrie1 mechanique1 opticque1 et autres parties de ces belles sciences4 #abmo4 ,pont-a-,mousson1 #afbi4 -------- ,see also ,claude ,mydorge4 ,,evelyn1 ,,john1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,memoirs illustrative of the ,life and ,writings of1 edited by ,william ,bray1 ,f4,s4,a4 #b vols4 #dto4 #ahai4 -------- ,the ,miscellaneous ,writings of4 ,by ,william ,upcott4 #dto4 #ahbe4 ,,falconer1 ,,john4 ,cryptomenysis ,patefacta3 or the ,art of ,secret ,information disclosed without a key4 ,small #hvo4 #afhe4 ,contains also notices of 8,secret ,information1 mentioned by ,trithemius40 ,,farey1 ,,john4 ,a treatise on the ,steam ,engine4 #dto4 #ahbg4 ,,felton1 ,,edmond4 ,engins invented to save much blood and moneyes 7in these times of warre71 and to doe extraordinary good service4 ,a tract of #h pages4 #dto4 #afdd4 ,,figuier1 ,,louis4 ,exposition et ,histoire des ,principales ,dcouvertes ,scientifiques ,modernes4 #d vols4 post #hvo4 ,paris1 #ahfb4 ,tome ,premier4 ,machine a vapeur4 ,,flud1 ,,roberto4 ,utrisque ,cosmi majoris scilicet et minoris metaphysica1 physica atque technica historia in duo ,volumina secundum cosmi diffirentiam divisa4 ,folio4 ,oppenhemii1 #afag4 ,dedication signed--,r4 ,fludd4 ,,fosbroke4 ,the ,rev4 ,,thomas ,d41 ,m4,a41 c4 ,encyclopdia of ,antiquities and elements of ,archology4 #hvo4 #ahdj4 ,,foster1 ,,samuel4 ,miscellanies3 or1 ,mathematical ,lucubrations4 ,translated by ,dr4 ,john ,twysden4 ,folio4 #afei4 ,,french1 ,,john1 ,doctor of ,physick4 ,the art of distillation1 or a treatise of the choicest spagyricall preparations performed by way of distillation2 in #f books4 #dto4 #afej4 ,,french1 ,,john4 ,the same4 ,second edition4 ,to which is added1 ,the ,london ,distiller4 #dto4 #afec4 ,numerous woodcuts of distillatory apparatus4 ,,gaffarel1 ,,james4 ,unheard-of ,curiosities concerning the ,talismanical sculptures of the ,persians1 c4 ,translated by ,edmund ,chilmead1 ,m4,a4 small #hvo4 #afej4 ,,gheyn1 ,,jacob ,,de4 ,the ,exercise of ,armes1 for ,calivers1 ,muskettes1 and ,pikes1 ,after the ordre of his ,excellence ,maurits1 ,prince of ,orange1 c4 ,sett forth in the figures by ,jacob de ,gheyne4 ,printed at the ,hage4 ,folio4 #afjg4 ,,giacinto1 ,,amati4 ,ricerche ,storico-,critico-,scientifiche sulle origini1 scoperte1 invenzioni e perfezionamenti fatti nelle lettere nelle arti e nelle scienze4 #e ,tom4 #hvo4 ,milan1 #ahbh4 ,in ,vol4 #b1 8,stenografia40 ,,glasgow ,mechanics' ,magazine1 and ,annals of ,philosophy4 #bnd ,vol4 #hvo4 ,glasgow1 #ahbe4 ,,grollier ,,de ,,servi,,re1 ,,nicholas4 ,recueil d'ouvrages curieux de mathmatique et de mchanique2 ou description du cabinet de ,m4 ,grollier de ,servire4 #dto4 ,lyon1 #agai4 ,,grose1 ,,francis4 ,military ,antiquities4 #b vols4 #dto4 #ahja4 ,,halliwell1 ,j4 ,o41 ,f4,r4,s4 c4 ,a ,collection of ,letters illustrative of the progress of ,science in ,england from the reign of ,q4 ,elizabeth1 to that of ,charles ,,ii4 ,edited by4 #hvo4 #ahda4 -------- ,rara ,mathematica2 or1 ,collection of ,treatises on the ,mathematics4 ,edited by4 #ahda4 ,,harleian ,,miscellany4 ,by ,oldys and ,park4 #dto4 #fth ,vol4 #ith ,vol4 ,,harsd,,rffern1 ,,georg ,,philipp4 ,delici ,mathematic et ,physic4 ,z'weyter ,theil4 #dto4 ,nrnberg1 #afgg4 -------- ,dritter ,theil4 #dto4 ,nrnberg1 #afib4 ,see ,m4 ,d4 ,schwenterum4 ,,hartlib1 ,,samuel4--,see ,invention4--,see also ,h4 ,dircks4 ,,hero1 ,alexandrinus1 ,senior2 ,,ctesibii ,ascreni ,discipulus4 #a4 ,spiritalium ,liber1 ,,frederico ,,commandino ex ,grco in ,latinum conversus2 cum figuris4 #dto4 ,urbini1 #aege4 #b4 ,di ,herone ,alessandrino de gli ,automati1 overo ,machine se ,moventi1 ,libri due1 ,tradotti dal ,greco da ,bernardino ,baldi4 #dto4 ,venetia1 #aehi4 #c4 ,spiritalium ,liber3 altera editio2 cui accesserunt ,,jo4 ,,bapt4 ,,aleotti1 quatuor ,theoremata ,spiritalia1 ex ,italico in ,latinum conversa2 cum figuris4 #dto4 ,amsterdam1 #afhj4 ,a #dto4 edition also printed at ,bologna1 #afdg4 #d4 ,veterum ,mathematicorum--,atheni1 ,bitonis1 ,apollodori1 ,heronis1 ,philonis1 et ,aliorum ,opera2 ,grce et ,latine1 pleraque nunc primum edita4 ,ex ,manuscriptis ,codicibus ,bibliothec ,regi4 ,folio4 ,parisiis1 #afic4 ,,hewett1 ,,john4 ,ancient ,armour and ,weapons4 #c vols4 #hvo4 #ahfj4 ,,hooke1 ,,robert1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,lectiones ,cutlerian1 a ,collection of ,lectures made before the ,royal ,society4 #dto4 #afgi4 ,see ,no4 #a4 of the 8,philosophical ,collections0 therein4 ,,hooper1 ,,dr4 ,,william4 ,rational ,recreations4 #ast and #b;d ,vol4 #hvo4 #agid4 ,,humane ,,industry3 or a ,history of most manual arts1 deducing the original1 progress1 and improvement of them4 ,furnished with variety of instances and examples1 shewing forth the excellency of ,humane ,wit4 small #hvo4 #affa4 ,by ,thomas ,powell1 ,d4,d42 see ,ant4 4 ,wood1 c4 ,,hutton1 ,,charles1 ,,ll4,d4 and ,f4,r4,s4 ,mathematical ,dictionary4 #ahae4 ,,invention 7,an7 of ,engines of ,motion lately brought to perfection4 ,whereby may be dispatched any work now done in ,england or elsewhere1 7especially works that require strength and swiftness7 either by wind1 water1 cattel or men4 ,and that with better accommodation1 and more profit then anything hitherto known and used4 ,london1 ,printed by ,j4 ,c4 for ,richard ,woodnoth1 nezt door to the ,golden heart1 in ,leaden-hall ,street4 #af pages4 #dto4 #afea4 ,two copies in the ,british ,museum2 one as above1 the other with 8nezt0 corrected to 8next40 ,this scarce pamphlet consists of two ,letters without signature1 addressed to ,samuel ,hartlib4 ,,invention4--,see ,cressy ,dymock4 ,also1 ,temple ,anecdotes4 ,,inventions4--,see ,wonderful ,inventions4 ,,kircherus1 ,athanasius1 ,germanus1 ,fuldensis1 ,soc4 ,jesu4 ,romani ,collegii ,societatus ,jesu ,musum celeberrimum4 ,folio4 ,amstelodami1 #afgh4 ,caput ,,iv4 ,de ,horologiis4 ,caput ,v4 ,de ,mobili perpetuo apparente4 ,,lanis1 ,p4 ,francisci ,tertii de4 ,magisterium ,natur1 et ,artis4 #c vol4 fol4 ,brixi1 #afhd4 ,,leak1 ,,john4--,see ,isaac de ,caus4 ,,leybourn1 ,,william1 ,philomathes4 ,pleasure with ,profit3 consisting of recreations of divers kinds1 viz41 ,numerical1 ,geometrical1 ,mechanical1 c4 folio4 #afid4 ,the compiler was a schoolmaster1 and although largely indebted to ,bishop ,wilkins and other learned authors1 he never names a single authority4 ,,lucar1 ,,cyprian1 ,gent4 ,three ,bookes of ,colloquies concerning the arte of shooting in great and small peeces of artillerie1 variable randges1 measure1 and waight of leaden1 yron1 and marble stone pellets1 minerall saltpeetre1 gunpowder of divers sortes1 c4 ,written in ,italian by ,nicholas ,tartaglia2 and now translated into ,english by1 7augmented1 and with additions7 fol4 #aehh4 ------------ ,a ,treatise named ,lucarsolace1 divided into ,fovver ,bookes1 which in part are collected out of diuerse authors1 in diuerse languages4 #dto4 #aeij4 ,,leupold1 ,,jacob4--#a4 ,theatrum ,machinarum generale2 mit figuren1 und register4 ,folio4 ,leipzig1 #agbf4 ---- #b4 ,hydrotechnicarum4 ,folio4 #agbd4 ---- #c4 ,machinarum ,hydraulicarum2 oder1 ,schau ,platz der ,wasser-,knste4 #b vols4 ,folio4 #agbd-be4 ---- #d4 ,staticum universale4 #agbf4 ---- #e4 ,pontificiale4 ,folio4 #agbf4 ---- #f4 ,machinarum2 oder1 ,schau-,platz der ,heb-,zeuge4 #agbe4 ---- #g4 ,arithmetico-,gemetricum #agbf4 ,,mechanics' ,,magazine4 ,third ,vol4 #hvo4 #ahbe4 ,,meikleham1 ,,robert4 ,author of several works under the pseudonym of ,robert ,stuart3 which see accordingly4 ,,markham1 ,g4 ,the ,souldiers ,exercise3 in three ,bookes4 #dto4 #afci4 ,,meyrick1 ,,sir ,s4 ,r4 ,ancient ,armour and ,arms4 #b vols4 ,folio4 #ahcj4 ,,morvvyng1 ,,peter4 ,the treasure of ,evonymus1 contayninge the wonderfull hid secretes of nature1 touchinge the most apte formes to prepare and destyl ,medicines1 c4 #dto4 #aeei4 ,,mydorge1 ,,claude4 ,examen du ,livre des ,recrations ,mathmatiques1 et de ses problmes en ,gomtrie1 ,mechanique1 ,optique1 and ,catoptrique1 c4 ,and at the end ,notes sur les ,recreations ,mathmatiques4 ,par ,d4 ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,m4 ,small #hvo4 ,paris1 #afch4 ,see ,van ,etten's work printed at ,pont-a-,mousson1 #afbi1 and later editions2 ,mydorge's work is a copy of their matter and engravings4 ,he was an eminent mathematician3 born at ,paris1 #aehe4 ,,muirhead1 ,,james1 ,p4 ,m4,a4 c4 ,the ,life of ,james ,watt1 with selections from his ,correspondence4 #bnd ,edition4 #hvo4 #ahei4 ,,nowe1 ,,lord ,,de ,,la4 ,the ,politicke and ,militarie ,discourses of4 ,translated out of the ,french by ,e4 ,a4 ,b4 ,letter4 #dto4 #aehg4 ,,pancirollus1 ,,guido4 ,the history of many memorable things lost1 which were in use among the ,ancients1 c4 #abmo4 #agae4 ,,papillon1 ,,david1 ,gent4 ,a practicall ,abstract of the ,arts of ,fortification and ,assailing4 #dto4 #afde4 ,,partington1 ,,charles ,f4 ,a course of ,lectures on the ,steam ,engine1 delivered at the ,london ,mechanics' ,institution1 c4 #abmo4 #ahbf4 ,,peacham1 ,,henry1 ,m4,a4 ,the compleat ,gentleman4 #dto4 #afbg4 ,,percy ,,anecdotes4 ,by ,s4 ,r4 ,percy4 #abmo4 #ahbj4 ,articles--,science1 ,genius1 ,ingenuity4 ,,philosophical ,,magazine4 ,edited by ,a4 ,tilloch4 #ahth ,vol4 #hvo4 #ahjd4 ,,plat1 ,,sir ,,hugh1 of ,lincolne's ,inne4 ,the ,jewell ,house of ,art and ,nature4 ,printed by ,peter ,short1 on ,breadstreet hill1 at the signe of the ,star4 #dto4 #aeid4 ,it contains #d ,books and a last part4 ,the #c first ,books have separate title pages1 the first paged #a to #if1 the second #a to #fj1 and the third #a to #dh1 but also takes in the fourth ,book and last part under continuous paging1 ending p4 #gf4 ,according to the ,table of ,contents--8,the first ,booke conteineth divers new and conceited experiments40 ,the second of 8,husbandry20 the third of 8,divers ,chimicall conclusions concerning the art of ,distillation40 ,the fourth ,book the 8,art of molding or casting40 ,and the last part 8an offer of certain new inventions40 ---- ,the ,jewel ,house of ,art and ,nature3 containing divers rare and profitable inventions1 c4 ,another edition4 #dto4 #afec4 ,,plot1 ,,dr4 ,,robert4 ,natural ,history of ,staffordshire4 ,folio4 #afhd4 ,,porta1 ,,john ,,baptista4 ,i tre ,libri de' ,spiritali4 #dto4 ,napoli1 #afjf4 ---- ,natural ,magick2 in #bj ,books4 ,wherein are set forth all the riches and delights of the ,natural ,sciences4 ,folio4 #afeh4 ,,powell1 ,,thomas1 ,d4,d4 ,see ,humane ,industry4 ,,ramelli1 ,,capitano ,,agostino4 ,le ,diverse et artificiose ,machine4 ,folio4 #aehh4 ,this exceedingly rare and valuable work contains #aie well executed folio plates4 ,,ramus1 ,,peter4 ,via ,regia ad ,geometriam4 ,the way to ,geometry4 being necessary and useful4 ,for ,astronomers1 ,geographers1 ,land-meaters1 ,seamen1 ,engineres1 ,architecks1 ,carpenters1 c4 ,written in ,latine by ,peter ,ramus1 and now translated by ,mr4 ,william ,bedwell4 #dto4 #afcf4 ,,rovinson1 ,,john4 ,a treatise of ,metallica4 ,and containeth a briefe explanation1 c41 of the instruments1 engins1 furnaces1 c4 #dto4 #afac4 ,a copy in the ,british ,museum2 also reprinted in two editions1 edited by ,mr4 ,john ,n4 ,bagnall1 at ,wolverhampton1 #ahed4 ,,schottus1 ,,gaspar1 ,regis ,curianus1 ,soc4 ,jesu1 in ,herbipolitano-,franconia ,gymnasio ,math4 ,prof4 -- ,magia universalis natur et artis1 sive recondita naturalium et artificialium rerum scientia2 cum figuris1 et indicibus4 #d vols4 #dto4 ,bamberg1 #afgg4 -- ,mechanica ,hydraulico-,pneumatica 7cum notis musicis74 ,plates4 #dto4 ,herbipoli1 #afeg-eh4 -- ,pantometrum ,kircherianum1 hoc est1 ,instrumentum ,geometricum novum a ,kirchero inventum1 explicatum et demonstrationibus illustratum4 ,plates4 #dto4 ,ibid4 #affj4 -- ,cursus ,mathematicus4 ,fol4 #affa4 -- ,mathesis ,csarea1 sive ,amussis ,ferdinandrea ad ,problemata ,univers ,matheseos1 c4 ,plates4 #dto4 ,ibid4 #affb4 -- ,technica ,curiosa1 sive ,mirabelia ,artis4 #b parts in #a4 ,ibid4 #affd4 ,,schwenterum1 ,m4 ,,danielem4 ,delici ,physico-,mathematic4 #dto4 ,nrnberg1 #afcf4 ---- ,see also ,g4 ,f4 ,harsdrffern4 ,,servi,,re1 ,,grollier ,,de4--,see ,grollier de ,servire4 ,,sorbi,,re1 ,,mons4 ,a ,voyage to ,england1 containing many things relating to the state of learning1 religion1 and other curiosities of that kingdom4 #hvo4 #agji4 ,also1 ,observations on the same voyage1 by ,dr4 ,thomas ,sprat1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,with a ,letter of ,m4 ,sorbire4 ,,sorbi,,re1 ,,samuel4 ,relation d'un ,voyage en ,angleterre4 ,paris1 #affd4 ,dedication to the ,king1 dated #abth ,dec41 #affc4 ,,sprat1 ,,thomas1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,observations on ,monsieur ,sorbire's ,voyage into ,england2 written to ,dr4 ,wren1 ,professor of ,astronomy4 #abmo4 #affe4 ,see ,m4 ,sorbire4 ,,state ,,papers1 ,calendars of 7various74 #hvo4 #ahef-fd4 ,,stevin1 ,,simon1 de ,bruges4 ,les uvres ,mathematiques4 ,augmentes par ,albert ,girard4 ,fol4 ,a ,leyde1 #afcd4 ,,stuart1 ,,robert4 ,a descriptive ,history of the ,steam ,engine4 #hvo4 #ahbd4 ------ ,historical and ,descriptive ,anecdotes of ,steam ,engines and of their ,inventors4 #b vols4 #cbmo4 #ahbi4 ,,sturtevant1 ,,simon4 ,metallica1 or the ,treatise of ,metallica4 ,the making of ,iron with ,sea-cole1 c4 #dto4 #afab4 ,,switzer1 ,,stephen4 ,an introduction to a general system of hydrostaticks and hydraulics4 #b vols4 #dto4 #agbi4 ,,temple ,,anecdotes1 ,,the2 ,invention and ,discovery4 ,by ,r4 ,c4 ,temple4 ,post #hvo4 #ahfd4 ,,teyser1 ,,johannis4 ,architectur ,militaris4 #dto4 #aeec4 ,in #d ,books1 with engraved title and plates2 pp4 #ef4 ,,timbs1 ,,john1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,stories of ,inventors and ,discoverers4 #abmo4 #ahfj4 ,,tredgold1 ,,thomas1 ,c4,e4 ,the principles and practice1 and explanation of the ,machinery used in steam navigation4 ,compiled by ----4 #b vols4 #dto4 #ahea4 ,,trithemii1 ,,joannis4 ,libri ,polygraphi ,,vi4 ,small #hvo4 ,argentin1 #afjj4 ,there is also a quarto edition1 with diagrams4 ,,tymme1 ,,thomas4 ,a ,dialogue ,philosophical1 wherein ,natures secret closet is opened1 and the cause of all motion in nature shewed out of matter and forme1 c4 #dto4 #afab4 ,,ubaldi1 ,,guidi1 i machionibus montis in duos ,archimedis queponderantium libros praphrasis scholiis illustrata4 ,folio4 ,pisauri1 #aehh3 ---- marchionibus montis4 ,mechanicorum ,liber4 ,pisauri1 #aegg4 ---- ,mechanica4 ,fol4 ,pisaur4 #aegg4 ,and ,venice1 #afae4 ---- ,de ,cochlea4 ,fol4 ,venice1 #afae4 pp4 #afj4 ,,upcott1 ,,william4--,see ,john ,evelyn1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,valturius1 ,,robertus1 ,de ,re ,militari4 ,folio4 ,parisiis1 #aecb4 ---- ,another edition4 ,folio4 ,parisiis1 #aecd4 ,in the ,library of the ,patent ,office4 ,the same volume contains3--,flavius ,vegetius de ,re ,militari4--,sextus ,julius ,frontinus1 ,stratagematum4--lianus de ,instruendis ,aciebus4--,and1 ,modestus1 ,libellus de ,vocabulis ,rei ,militaris4 ,,vegetius ,,renatus1 ,,flavius4 ---- #a4 ,de re militari ,libri ,,iv4 ,fol4 ,plato de ,benedictis1 ,bononi1 #adie4 ,inter ,scriptores de re militari4 ,sextus ,julius ,frontinus ,vit4 consularis de re militari4--,flauius ,vegetius ,vit4 ,illustris de re militari4--,aelianus de instruendis aciebus4--,modesti1 libellus de uocabulis rei militaris4 ,no engravings4 ---- #b4 ,de re militari ,libri ,,iv43 cum picturis bellicis ligno incisis4 ,fol4 ,char4 ,wechelius1 ,parisiis1 #aece4--;,inter ,scriptores de re militari4 ,large engraved figure of a ,knight on the back of the title page1 and numerous bold1 freely executed curious large wood engravings4 ---- #c4 ,,vegezio dell' arte militare1 nella commune lingua novamente tradotto da ,,tizzoni ,,gaetano da ,pofi4 ,small #hvo4 ,venetia1 #aedj4 ,wood engraved title page4 ---- #d4 ,il ,modesimo2 tradotto da ,,francesco ,,ferrosi4 ,small #hvo4 ,gabriel ,giolito1 ,vinegia1 #aeea4 ,no engravings4 ---- #e4 ,de re militari ,libri ,,iv4 ,sexti ,julii ,frontini viri consularis de stratagematis libri totidem4 ,fol4 ,paris1 #aeec4 ---- #f4 ,de re militari ,libri ,,iv4 ,frontini2 lianus1 ,modestus4 ,g4 ,stewechio4 #hvo4 ,lugduni ,batavorum1 #aeib4 ,,veterum ,,mathematicorum1 #afic4--,see ,,hero1 ,no4 #d4 ,,vinci1 ,,leonardo ,,da4 ,life of4 ,see ,j4 ,w4 ,brown4 ,,vitruvio de ,architectura traducto 7da ,c4 ,cesariano1 ,bono ,mauro1 ,benedotto ,jovio1 ,novo ,comasco1 c47 e commentato da ,cesare ,cesariano4 ,woodcuts4 ,fol4 ,como1 #aeba4 #ast ,book1 p4 #bc4 ,aeolipilarum ,figura4 ,also engraving of a large vessel with paddles4 ,liber ,decimus1 p4 #agd4 ,,vitruvius ,,pallio1 ,,marcus4 ,de architectura ,libri ,x4 ,fol4 ,rom1 circa #adhf4 ,,wallace1 ,,professor4 ,the ,history of the ,steam-,engine from the second century before the ,christian era4 ,new edition1 illustrated4 #abmo4 ,london1 ,cassell1 #ahfj4 ,,watt1 ,,james4--,see ,j4 ,p4 ,muirhead4 ,,weale',s ,,quarterly ,,papers4--,vol4 ,v4 ,,white1 ,,john4 ,a rich ,cabinet1 with variety of ,inventions1 unlock'd and open'd1 for the recreation of ingenious spirits4 #abmo4 #afhd4 ,,wilkins1 ,,john1 ,m4,a4 7,bishop of ,chester74 ,mathematicall ,magick4 ,or1 ,the wonders that may be performed by mechanicall geometry4 ,by ,j4 ,w41 ,m4,a4 ,small #hvo4 #afdh4 ---- ,mercury1 or the secret and swift messenger3 shewing how a man may with privacy and speed communicate his thoughts to a friend at any distance4 ,by ,j4 ,w41 ,m4,a4 ,small #hvo4 #afda4 ,,wonderful ,,inventions2 ,a ,history of4 #abmo4 #ah--4 ,,zeising1 ,,henricus4 ,theatri ,machinarum4 ,thick #dto4 ,leipzigk1 #afab4 ,compiled principally from ,bessoni and ,ramelli's works4 ,,zonca1 ,,vittoria1 ,architect4 ,novo ,teatro di ,machine et ,edificii4 ,folio4 ,padoua1 #afef4 ,,catalogue ,,of ,,books ,,either ,,quoted ,,or ,,consulted ,,in ,,reference ,,to ,,the ,,life ,,and ,,times ,,of ,,the ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester4 #a ,,aiazzi1 ,cura di ,g4 ,nunziatura in ,irlanda di ,monsignor ,gio4 ,batista ,rinuccini ,arcivescovo di ,fermo negli anni #afde a #afdi4 #hvo4 ,firenze1 #ahdd4 #b ,,allen1 ,,thomas4 ,the ,historical ,antiquities of ,london1 c42 continued by ,thomas ,wright4 #d vols4 #hvo4 #ahci4 #c ---- ,history and ,antiquities of the ,parish of ,lambeth4 #dto4 #ahbg4 #d ,,annual ,,register1 #agfi4 #d99;,,antiquarian ,,repertory4 ,by ,francis ,grose1 ,f4,s4,a41 c4 and other eminent antiquarians4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 #dto4 #ahji4 #d9999;,,arch,,ologia2 or ,miscellaneous ,tracts relating to ,antiquity4 ,vol4 #f4 #dto4 #aghb4 #e ,,atkyns1 ,,sir ,,robert4 ,the ancient and present state of ,gloucestershire4 ,folio4 #agab4 -- ,,baker1 ,,charles4 ,see ,t4 ,d4 or ,t4 ,dineley4 #e99;,,barber1 ,j4 ,t41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,a ,tour through ,south ,wales and ,monmouthshire4 #hvo4 #ahjc4 #e9999;,,barrington1 ,,sir ,,jonah4 ,historic ,memoirs of ,ireland4 #bnd edition4 #b vols4 #dto4 #ahcc4 #f ,,bayley1 ,,john1 ,f4,r4,s41 c4 ,the ,history and ,antiquities of the ,tower of ,london4 ,in #b parts1 royal #dto4 #ahbe4 #g ,,bayly1 ,,thomas1 7,sub-dean of ,bath and ,wells74 ,worcester's ,apophthegme3 or ,witty sayings of the ,right ,honourable ,henry 7late7 ,marquess and ,earl of ,worcester4 ,by ,t4 ,b4 ,small #abmo4 #afej4 #g99---- ,certamen ,religiosum3 or1 a conference between his late ,majesty1 ,charles ,king of ,england1 and ,henry late ,marquis and ,earl of ,worcester1 concerning ,religion1 #afdf4 #abmo4 #afdi4 #h ,,beatson',s ,political ,index modernised2 ,the ,book of ,dignities4 ,by ,joseph ,haydn4 #hvo4 #ahea4 #i ,,beattie1 ,,wm41 ,m4,d4 ,the ,castles and ,abbeys of ,england4 ,royal #hvo4 #ah--4 #aj ,,beaufort ,,family1 ,portraits and ,biographical ,notices of the4 ,folio4 ,salisbury1 #ahjd4 #aa ,,beling1 ,,sir ,,richard4 ,vindicarum ,catholicarum ,hiberni4 ,authore ,philopatro ,ireno4 ,libri duo1 quorum4 pp4 #bef4 #ahmo4 ,paris1 #afej4 ,he was one of the great movers of the rebellion1 but of the moderate party4 #ab ,,betham1 ,,rev4 ,,william4 ,the ,baronetage of ,england4 #dto4 #ahjc4 #ab99;,,bibliotheca ,,regia2 or1 ,the ,royal ,library1 ,ch4 ,,ii4 ,not extant in the ,reliqui ,carolin4 ,in two ,books1 #abmo4 ,brit4 ,mus4 #afei4 #ac ,,birch1 ,,thomas1 ,d4,d41 ,secretary of the ,royal ,society4 ,an ,inquiry into the share which ,charles ,i4 had in the transactions of the ,earl of ,glamorgan4 #hvo4 #agef4 -- ,,bliss' ,,walpole4 ,see ,walpole4 #ad ,,boyle1 ,,honourable ,,robert1 ,the ,works of4 #e vols4 folio4 #agdd4 -- ,,brooke1 ,,ralphe4 ,see ,augustine ,vincent4 #ae ,,brooks1 ,,wm4 ,,alex41 ,architect4 ,select ,specimens of the ,monastic1 ,castellated1 and ,domestic ,architecture of ,great ,britain4 ,part #a1 ,nos4 #a and #b1 all pubd4 folio4 #ahbf4 #af ,,bruce1 ,,john1 ,f4,s4,a41 c4 ,charles ,i4 in #afdf2 ,letters of ,charles the ,first to ,queen ,henrietta ,maria4 ,edited by ---- ,camden ,society4 #dto4 #ahef4 #ag ,,brydges1 ,,sir ,,egerton1 ,bart4 ,memoirs of the ,peers of ,england during the reign of ,james ,i4 all pubd4 #hvo4 #ahjb4 #ah ---- ,restituta2 or1 ,titles and ,extracts of ,old ,books4 #d vols4 #hvo4 #ahae4 #ai ---- ,censura ,literaria4 #aj vols4 #hvo4 #ahae4 #bj ,,burke1 ,,sir ,,bernard4 ,a ,visitation of the ,seats and ,arms of the ,noblemen and ,gentlemen of ,great ,britain4 #bnd edn4 #hvo4 #ahee4 #ba ,buck's ,antiquities2 or ,venerable ,remains of above #djj ,castles1 c4 in ,england and ,wales4 #c vols1 folio4 #aggd4 #bb ,,burton1 ,,thomas1 ,m4,p4 ,diary of the ,parliaments of ,oliver and ,richard ,cromwell4 #d vols4 #hvo1 #ahbh4 -- ,,byrne1 ,w41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,see ,thomas ,hearne4 #bb99;,,carlisle1 ,,nicholas1 ,f4,r4,s4 c4 ,an inquiry into the place and quality of the ,gentlemen of ,his ,majesty's honourable ,privy ,chamber4 #hvo4 #ahbi4 #bc ,,carlyle1 ,,thomas4 ,oliver ,cromwell's ,letters and ,speeches4 #d vols4 #ahej4 #bd ,,carte1 ,,thomas1 ,m4,a4 ,a ,history of the ,life of ,james ,duke of ,ormonde4 #agcf4 #be ,,carte1 ,,thomas4 ,life of ,james ,duke of ,ormond1 containing an account of the most remarkable affairs of his time1 and particularly of ,ireland under his government3 with an ,appendix and a ,collection of ,letters4 ,a new edition4 #f vols4 #hvo4 ,oxford1 #ahea4 -- ,,charles ,i4 ,letters1 #affd4 ,see ,john ,bruce4 #bf ,,clarendon',s ,history of the ,rebellion4 #g vols4 #hvo4 #ahdi4 -- ,,clarendon',s ,life1 c4 ,see ,t4 ,h4 ,lister4 #bf99---- ,state ,papers collected by1 #c vols4 ,folio4 ,oxford1 #agfg-aggc and #aghf4 #bg ,,clayton1 ,j4 ,w4 ,personal ,memoirs of ,charles ,,ii4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #ahei4 #bh ,,collins1 ,,arthur4 ,letters and ,memorials of ,state4 #b vols4 folio4 #agdf4 -- ---- ,peerage of ,england4 #i vols4 #hvo4 #ahab4 #bi ,,corbet1 ,,john1 ,preacher of ,god's ,word4 ,an ,historicall relation of the ,military ,government of ,gloucestershire from the beginning of the ,civill ,warre4 #afde4 ,reprinted in 8,bibliotheca ,gloucestrensis40 ,by ,john ,washbourn1 jr4 #dto4 ,gloucester1 #ahbe4 #cj ,,cosmo the ,third1 ,grand ,duke of ,tuscany4 ,travels through ,england during the reign of ,k4 ,charles ,,ii4 7#affi47 ,royal #dto4 #ahba4 #ca ,,coxe1 ,,wm41 ,a4,m41 c4 ,an ,historical ,tour in ,monmouthshire1 illustrated with views by ,sir ,r4 ,c4 ,hoare1 ,bart41 c4 #dto4 #ahja4 -- ,,courthope1 ,,william4 ,see ,sir ,harris ,nicolas4 #cb ,,croker1 ,t4 ,c4 ,narratives illustrative of the ,contests in ,ireland in #afda-afij4 ,edited by4 7,camden ,society74 #dto4 #ahda4 #cc ,,cunningham1 ,,peter4 ,handbook of ,london4 #abmo4 #ahej4 #cd ,,dineley1 ,t4 ,notitia ,cambro-,britannica3 ,a voyage of ,north and ,south ,wales2 being observations in attending his ,grace the ,duke of ,beaufort1 in his progress there1 #afhd4 ,by ,t4 ,d4 ,gen4 ,edited from the original ,,ms4 by ,charles ,baker1 ,esq4 ,london1 printed for private circulation4 #dto4 #ahfd4 #ce ,,disraeli1 ,,isaac4 ,commentaries on the ,life and ,reign of ,charles ,i4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #ahea4 #cf ,,dodd1 ,,charles1 i4e4 ,hugh ,tootell4 ,church ,history of ,england1 from the commencement of the #afth ,century to the revolution in #afhh4 ,with notes and a continuation by the ,rev4 ,m4 ,a4 ,tierney4 #e vols4 #hvo4 #ahci-dc4 #cf99;,,dugdale1 ,,william1 7,norroy ,king of ,arms74 ,the ,baronage of ,england4 ,folio4 #afge4 #cg ,,evelyn1 ,,john1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,diary and ,correspondence of4 ,edited by ,wm4 ,bray1 ,f4,a4,s4 #ahei4 ,crown #hvo4 #ahei4 #ch ,,fanshawe1 ,,lady4 ,memoirs of ,lady ,f41 wife of the ,right ,hon4 ,sir ,richard ,fanshawe1 ,bart4 ,ambassador from ,charles the ,second to the ,court of ,madrid in #affe4 ,written by herself4 #hvo4 #ahbi4 #ci ,,fellowes1 ,w4 ,d4 ,historical ,sketches of ,charles the ,first4 #dto4 #ahbh4 #dj ,,fosbroke1 ,,rev4 ,,thomas ,,dudley1 ,m4 ,a4 ,a picturesque and topographical account of ,raglan ,castle4 #abmo4 ,monmouth1 #ahca4 -- ,,gardnor1 ,,john4 ,see ,david ,williams4 #da ,,glamorgan',s1 ,the ,earl of1 ,negotiations and colourable commitment in ,ireland demonstrated1 or the ,irish ,plot for bringing #aj1jjj men and arms into ,england1 c4 #dto4 #afde4 #db ,,green1 ,,valentine1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,the ,history and ,antiquities of the city and suburbs of ,worcester4 #b vols4 #dto4 #agif4 -- ,,grose1 ,,francis1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,see ,antiquarian ,repertory4 #dd ,,guizot1 ,m4 ,history of ,charles ,i4 and the ,english ,revolution4 ,vol4 #b4 #hvo4 #ahed4 #de ,,harleian ,miscellany4 ,vol4 #b4 #ahji4 ,vol4 #d4 ,vol4 #g1 #h4 #dto4 #ahaa4 #df ,,harley1 ,lady ,brilliana1 ,letters of2 7,wife of ,sir ,robert ,harley1 of ,brampton ,bryan1 ,k4 ,b47 ,with ,introduction and notes by ,thos4 ,t4 ,lewis1 ,a4 ,m4 ,london1 7,camden ,society47 #dto4 #ahec4 -- ,,haydn1 ,,joseph4 ,see ,beatson4 #dg ,,hearne1 ,,thomas1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,the ,antiquities of ,great ,britain1 illustrated in views of ,monasteries1 ,castles1 and ,churches4 ,engraved by ,w4 ,byrne1 ,f4,s4,a4 from ,drawings by ,thomas ,hearne1 ,f4,s4,a4 #b vols4 ,oblong folio4 #ahjg4 #dh ,,heath1 ,,charles1 ,printer4 ,historical and descriptive accounts of the ancient and present state of ,ragland ,castle4 #hvo4 ,monmouth1 #ahjf4 -- ---- #ajth edition4 #hvo4 ,monmouth1 #ahbe4 #di ,,heath1 ,,james4 ,a brief chronicle of the late war in the three kingdoms of ,england1 ,scotland1 and ,ireland4 ,in #d parts4 ,from #afcg to #affc4 ,by ,h4 ,j4 #bnd edition4 #abmo4 #affc4 #ej ,,hooper1 ,,jacob4 ,an impartial history of the rebellion and civil wars in ,england during the reign of ,king ,charles the ,first4 ,collected from ,clarendon1 ,bishop ,kennet1 ,echard1 ,rushworth1 c4 ,folio1 #agch4 #ea ,,hough1 ,c4 7,monmouth47 ,a companion to ,ragland ,castle3 or1 a familiar description of that beautiful and interesting ruin4 #dto4 #ahcc4 #eb ,,howel1 ,,james4 ,londinopolis2 an ,historicall ,discourse of ,perlustration of the ,city of ,london1 c4 ,whereunto is added another of the city of ,westminster4 ,folio4 #afeg4 #ec ,,howitt1 ,william and ,mary4 ,ruined ,abbeys and ,castles of ,great ,britain4 #dto4 #ahfb4 #ed ,,hume1 ,,david4 ,the ,history of ,england4 #h vols4 #hvo4 #aggh4 #ee ,,hume ,,and ,,smollett4 ,the ,history of ,england4 ,with the continuation by the ,rev4 ,t4 ,s4 ,hughes1 ,b4 ,d4 ,crown #hvo4 #ahed4 -- ,,hyde1 ,e4 ,earl of ,clarendon--,see ,clarendon1 ,earl of4 #ef ,,iter ,,carolinum4 ,somers' ,tracts1 containing #afda to #afdh4 ,printed in #affj4 #dto4 -- ,,johnson1 ,,george ,w4 ,the ,fairfax ,correspondence4 ,memoirs of the reign of ,charles the ,first4 #d vols4 #hvo4 #ahdh-i4 #eg ,,journals of the ,house of ,commons4 ,folio4 ,london4 #eg99;,,journals of the ,house of ,lords4 ,folio4 ,london4 #eh ,,kennet1 ,,dr4 ,,white1 7,bishop of ,peterborough74 ,a complete ,history of ,england4 #c vols4 folio4 #agjf4 #ei ------ ,a ,register and ,chronicle1 ,ecclesiastical and ,civil1 containing matters of fact1 delivered in the words of the most authentick books1 papers1 and records2 digested in exact order of time4 ,faithfully taken from the ,,ms4 collections of the ,lord ,bishop of ,chester4 #b vols4 folio4 #agbh4 #fj ,,knight',s ,pictorial ,history of ,england4 ,royal #hvo4 #ah-- #fa ,,leyburn1 ,,george1 ,d4,d41 7,chaplain to ,henrietta ,maria1 ,queen of ,england71 ,memoirs of1 being a ,journal of his agency for ,prince ,charles in ,ireland1 in the year #afdg4 #abmo4 #agbb4 #fb ,,lingard1 ,,john1 ,d4,d4 ,the ,history of ,england4 #aj vols4 #hvo4 #eth edition4 #ahdi4 #fc ,,lister1 ,t4 ,h4 ,life and ,administration of ,edward1 ,first ,earl of ,clarendon1 with original correspondence4 #c vols4 #hvo4 #ahcg4 #fd ,,lodge1 ,,edmund1 7,norroy ,king of ,arms1 ,f4,s4,a47 ,portraits and ,memoirs of the most illustrious personages of ,british ,history4 ,royal #hvo4 #ahca-c4 #fe ,,lysons1 ,,rev4 ,d41 ,m4,a41 c4 ,the ,environs of ,london4 #dto4 #agib4 #ff ------ ,supplement to the ,first ,edition of ,historical ,account of the ,environs of ,london4 #dto4 #ahaa4 #fg ,,macaulay1 ,,lord4 ,the ,history of ,england4 ,vol4 #ast4 #hvo4 #aheg4 #fh ,,meehan1 ,,rev4 ,c4 ,p4 ,the ,confederation of ,kilkenny4 #abmo4 ,dublin1 #ahfb4 #fh99,,memorials of the ,english ,affairs3 or an historical account of what passed from the beginning of the reign of ,king ,charles the ,first1 to ,king ,charles the ,second his happy restoration4 ,printed for ,n4 ,ponder4 ,folio4 #afhb4 #fi ,,milton1 ,,john1 ,the ,prose ,works of4 ,by ,charles ,symonds4 #g vols4 #hvo4 #ahjf4 -- ,,newcourt',s ,map of ,ancient ,london4 #afeh4 ,and #ahfc4 ,see ,worcester ,house1 ,baynard's ,castle1 and ,the ,tower4 ,from an exact delineation of the ,cities of ,london and ,westminster and the ,svbvrbs thereof1 ,together with ye ,burrough of ,sovthwark and all ye thoroughfares1 highwaies1 streets1 lanes and common allies within the same composed by a ,scale1 and ,iconographically described by ,richard ,newcovrt of ,somerton in the ,countie of ,somerset1 ,gentleman4 ,wm4 ,faithorne1 ,sculpsit4 #afeh4 ,engraved from the ,original by ,george ,jarman1 and pubd4 by ,edward ,stanford1 ,charing ,cross1 #ahfc4 ,measures #c;ft4 #e;in4 by #f;ft4 #c;in4 #gj ,,nicolas1 ,,sir ,,harris4 ,historic ,peerage of ,england1 revised by ,william ,courthope1 ,esq41 ,somerset ,herald4 #hvo4 #ah-- #ga ,,nichols1 ,,john4 ,the ,progresses1 c41 of ,king ,james the ,first4 ,vol4 #ast4 #dto4 #ahbh4 #gb ---- ,literary ,anecdotes of the ,eighteenth ,century4 #f vols4 #hvo4 #ahab4 #gb99---- ,literary ,anecdotes4 #hvo4 #ahad and #ahae4 #gc ,,nichols 7,j4 ,b47 ,,son4 ,collectanea ,topographica4 #hvo4 #ahcd4 #gd ---- ,collectanea ,topographica et ,genealogica4 #h vols4 #hvo4 #ahda4 ,vol4 ,,vii4 p4 #aij4 #ge ,,nichols1 ,,john ,,gough4 ,autographs of ,royal1 ,noble1 ,learned and ,remarkable ,personages conspicuous in ,english ,history4 ,folio4 #ahbi4 #gf ,,notes ,,and ,,queries4 ,second ,series4 #ast ,vol4 small #dto4 #ahef4 -- ,o',,donovan1 ,,john4 ,annals of the ,rebellion of ,ireland4 #d vols4 #ahea4 ,,ormond1 ,,james1 ,,duke ,,of1 ,life of4 ,see ,carte4 #gg ,,pamphlets1 ,collection of4 #afdf4 #dto4 ,the gift of ,george ,,iii4 to the ,brit4 ,mus4 ,e4 #cej4 #gh ,,pepys1 ,,samuel1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,diary and ,correspondence of4 #fth edition1 in #d vols1 crown #hvo4 #aheh4 #gi ,,peterborough1 ,bishop of4 ,a ,register and ,chronicle1 ,ecclesiastical and ,civil2 from the ,restoration of ,charles ,,ii4 ,faithfully taken from the ,,ms4 ,collections of4 ,folio4 #agbh4 #hj ,,playfair1 ,w4 ,british ,family ,antiquity4 #dto4 #ahji4 -- ,,ponder1 ,n4 ,see ,memorials of the ,english ,affairs4 #ha ,,pote1 ,,joseph4 ,the ,history and ,antiquities of ,windsor ,castle1 and the ,royal ,college1 and ,chapel of ,st4 ,george4 #dto4 #agdi4 #hb ,,prout1 ,,john ,,skinner4 ,the ,castles and ,abbeys of ,monmouthshire4 ,folio4 #ahch4 #hc ,,ragland ,,castle2 ,the gallant siege of the ,parliamentary forces before4 ,may #cj1 #afdf4 8,collection of ,pamphlets10 #afdf4 #dto4 ,the gift of ,george ,,iii4 to the ,brit4 ,mus4 #hd ,,ragland ,,castle2 ,an exact and true relation of the many several messages that have passed between ,sir ,thomas ,fairfax and the ,marquis of ,worcester1 c4 c4 #dto4 #afdf4 8,collection of ,pamphlets10 #afdf4 #dto4 ,the gift of ,george ,,iii4 to the ,brit4 ,mus4 #he ,,rapin ,,de ,,thoyras4 ,the ,history of ,england4 ,translated by ,n4 ,tindal1 ,m4,a4 ,folio4 #agcc4 -- ,,rinuccini1 ,g4 ,b4--,see ,g4 ,aiazzi4 -- ,,roberts1 ,,george4--,see ,walter ,yonge4 #hf ,,rudder1 ,,samuel4 ,a new history of ,gloucestershire4 ,folio4 #aggi4 #hg ,,rushworth1 ,,john4 ,historical ,collections4 ,third part1 ,vol4 #b4 #afdj-afdd4 ,folio4 #afib4 #hh ,,sandford1 ,,francis4 ,a genealogical history of the ,kings and ,queens of ,england1 and ,monarchs of ,great ,britain1 c41 from #ajff to #agjg2 continued by ,samuel ,stebbing4 ,folio4 #agjg4 #hi ,,seward',s ,anecdotes of some distinguished persons4 #abmo4 #agif4 #ij ,,somers1 ,,lord1 ,tracts4 ,a collection of scarce and valuable tracts1 #bnd edition1 revised by ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,vol4 #d4 #dto4 #ahaj4 -- ,,somers1 ,,lord4--,see ,iter ,carolinum4 -- ,,spectator1 ,,the4 7,newspaper47 pp4 #gjf and #gcc4 #ahfd4 ,vol4 #ia ,,sprat1 ,,thomas1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,observations on ,monsieur ,sorbire's ,voyage into ,england2 written to ,dr4 ,wren1 ,professor of ,astronomy4 #abmo4 #affe4 #ib ,,sprigge1 ,,john1 ,m4,a4 ,anglia ,rediviva2 ,england's ,recovery3 being the ,history of the ,motions1 ,actions1 and ,successes of the ,army1 c4 ,sir ,thomas ,fairfax1 ,kt4 ,folio4 #afdg4 #ib99,,state ,,papers1 ,,domestic ,,series1 ,calendars of3 viz4-- #aedg-aehj4 ,edited by ,r4 ,lemon1 ,f4,s4,a4 #hvo4 #ahef4 #afjc-afaj4 ,edited by ,mary ,anne ,everett ,green4 #aheg4 #afaa-afah4 #aheh4 #afai-afbc4 #aheh4 #afbc-afbe4 #ahei4 #afbe-afbf4 ,edited by ,john ,bruce1 ,v4,p4,s4,a41 c4 #aheh4 #afbg-afbh4 #aheh4 #afbh-afbi4 #ahei4 #afbi-afca4 #ahfj4 #afca-afcc4 ,f4,s4,a4 #ahfb4 #afcc-afcd4 #ahfc4 #afcd-afce4 #ahfd4 #affj-affa4 ,edited by ,mary ,anne ,everett ,green4 #ahfj4 #affa-affb4 #ahfa4 #affc-affd4 #ahfd4 #affd-affe4 #ahfc4 #affe-afff4 #ahfd4 #ic ,,symonds1 ,,richard4 ,diary of the marches of the ,royal ,army during the great ,civil ,war4 ,from the original ,manuscript in the ,british ,museum4 ,edited by ,c4 ,e4 ,long4 ,london 7,camden ,society74 #dto4 #ahei4 #id ,,tallis',s ,illustrated ,london2 with historical and descriptive letter-press by ,william ,gaspey4 #b vols4 #abmo4 #ahea4 #ie ,,thomas1 ,f4 ,s4 ,historical ,notes1 #afjc-agad4 ,roy4 #hvo4 #ahef4 #if ,,toone',s ,chronological ,historian4 #hvo4 #ahbf4 -- ,,tierney1 ,,rev4 ,m4,a4--,see ,charles ,dodd4 -- ,,vaughan1 ,,robert1 ,d4,d4 ,the ,protectorate of ,oliver ,cromwell1 and the state of ,europe during the early part of the reign of ,louis ,,xiv4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #ahch4 -- ,,vincent1 ,,augustine4 ,a discoverie of ,errours in the ,catalogue of ,nobility1 published by ,ralphe ,brooke1 ,yorke ,herald4 ,fol4 #afbb4 #ig ,,walpole1 ,,horace1 ,earl of ,orford4 ,a ,catalogue of the ,royal and ,noble ,authors of ,england1 c4 ,edited by ,thomas ,park4 #hvo4 #ahjf4 #ih ---- ,a ,catalogue of ,royal and ,noble ,authors1 c4 ,with copious ,,ms4 ,notes by ,p4 ,bliss2 containing many cuttings from newspapers1 c4 #e vols4 #ahjf4 ,brit4 ,museum4 #ii ---- ,anecdotes of ,painting in ,england4 ,with additions by the ,rev4 ,james ,dallaway2 revised by ,n4 ,wornum4 #c vols #hvo4 #ahdi4 #ajj ,,warburton1 ,,eliot4 ,memoirs of ,prince ,rupert and the ,cavaliers4 #c vols4 #hvo4 #ahdi4 #aja ,,warner1 ,f41 ,,ll4,d4 ,the ,history of the ,rebellion and ,civil ,war in ,ireland4 #b vols4 #dto4 #agfg4 #ajb ,,washbourn1 ,,john1 ,junr4 ,bibliotheca ,gloucestrensis4 #b vols4 #dto4 ,gloucester1 #ahbe4 #ajc ,,watkyns1 ,,rowland4 ,flamma sine ,fumo2 or ,poems without ,fictions4 ,by ,r4 ,w4 #afmo4 #affb4 #ajd ,,weld1 ,c4 ,r4 ,a ,history of the ,royal ,society4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #ahdh4 #aje ,,whitelocke',s ,memorials of the ,english ,affairs2 ,charles ,i4 and ,,ii4 ,folio4 #agcb4 #ajf ,,wiffen1 ,j4 ,h4 ,historical ,memoirs of the ,house of ,russell4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #ahcc4 #ajg ,,willement1 ,,thomas4 ,facsimile of a contemporary ,roll1 with the names and the arms of the ,sovereign and the ,spiritual and ,temporal ,peers who sat in the ,parliament held at ,westminster on the #eth of ,february1 in the ,sixth year of the reign of ,king ,henry ,,viii4 #aeae1 in the possession of ,t4 ,w4 ,royal #dto4 #ahbi4 #ajh ,,williams1 ,,david4 ,the ,history of ,monmouthshire1 illustrated with ,views4 ,by ,john ,gardnor1 ,vicar of ,battersea4 #dto4 #agif4 #aji ,,wood1 ,,anthony ',a4 ,athen ,oxonienses2 continued by ,philip ,bliss4 ,vol4 #crd4 #dto4 #ahag4 #aaj ,,yonge1 ,,walter1 ,esq41 7,justice of the ,peace1 and ,m4,p4 for ,honiton74 ,diary written at ,colyton and ,axminster1 ,co4 ,devon1 from #afjd to #afbh4 ,edited by ,george ,roberts1 7,camden ,society47 #dto4 #ahch4 ,footnotes ,a ,no letter q or z4 ,b ,there is in the ,british ,museum1 bound up along with other broadsides1 one on which is printed the whole of the foregoing1 commencing with the letter1 8,most ,gracious ,sovereign10 and ending at this signature4 ,the printed matter covers #ad by #aa inches of surface1 and was originally a sheet of at least #ah by #ac or #ad inches1 including the margin1 which has been cut off4 ,it is catalogued under 8,somerset20 and the reference is1 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,no4 #ab4 ,e #a4 #ge4 ,c #ae ,car4 ,,ii4 cap4 xii4 #affc4 ,d ,see also the ,notice in ,birch's ,inquiry1 #agef1 page #ccj4 #gb ,nichols1 ,vol4 #b1 p4 #dga4 #gb99 ,nichols1 ,vol4 #i1 #ahae1 p4 #dgf4 ,e ,voir le drame intitul ,salomon ,je ,caus1 jou l',ambigu en #aheg4 ,f ,spille2 to waste1 to throw away1 to destroy1 ,g ,stont2 for stondeth 7standeth74 ,,index ,,to ,,the ,,century ,,of ,,inventions4 ,a4 ,,advantageous change of centres1 #deb-def4 ,,olipile1 fire-blowing1 #edb1edc4 ,,alarm for locks1 #eja4 ,,anchor1 to weigh up1 #dje1djf4 ,,antiquities1 military1 #dgc1dgd4 ,,approaching blind1 an1 #dcb4 ,,arago1 ,m41 noticed1 #cfi1cgb4 ,,arithmetical instrument4 #eab4 ,,arquebuse1 #dff2 ,croc1 #dff2 noticed1 #dgd4 ,,artificial fountain1 #dac1dad2 river1 #dai2 bird1 #ddj2 ring horse1 #ebd4 ,,ashmole',s ,museum at ,oxford1 #cef4 ,,aubrey1 ,mr41 8a professed virtuoso10 #ceb4 ,,authors1 old scientific1 enumerated1 #cei4 ,b4 ,,bacon1 ,lord1 notice of1 #cde4 ,,bacon1 ,,roger1 his invention1 #ceg4 ,,balance water-work1 #dae1daf1dag4 ,,balfour1 ,sir ,,william1 note1 #deb4 ,,ball1 ,mr41 8another virtuoso10 #ceb4 ,,ball1 a hour water1 #ddc1ddd4 ,,bate1 ,,john1 his 8,mysteries of ,nature and ,art10 a favourite work1 #cei2 his style and the ,marquis's compared1 #cfa2 raises water1 #dgi1dhj2 weather glass1 #edf2 on filling olipiles1 #dhj2 notices 8condensation10 #dhj2 his use of the technical term 8force10 #dhc1dhd4 ,,bells1 discourse by4 #ddi4 ,,bird1 an artificial flying1 #ddj-ddc1eaf4 ,,blind1 an approaching1 #dcb4 ,,blunderbuss1 or ,musketoon1 #dgc2 noticed1 #dgd4 ,,boat driving against wind and tide1 a1 #djg-daa4 ,,boats1 patent paddle1 #daj1daa4 ,,bogaerts1 ,,peter1 his canal lock1 #dai4 ,,bourne1 ,,william1 on 8shooting in great ordnaunce10 #djj4 ,,boyle1 ,hon4 ,,robert1 entrusted with the secret of ,papin's fountain1 #cea4 ,,boxes of a cabinet1 to lock1 #eaj2 dicing box1 #eba1ebb4 ,,bracelet alphabet1 #dce4 ,,bradley1 ,r41 mentions 8the late ,mr4 ,savery10 #dhg2 account of his engine1 #dhg4 ,,branca1 his steam jet1 #dgi4 ,,brazen ,,head1 #cdf2 a brazen or stone1 #eae-ebj4 ,,bridge1 a portable1 #dbh-dbi4 ,,browne',s calculating ,serpentine scale1 #eab4 ,,buckets1 to raise water1 #dae-dah2 two buckets1 #daf-dah4 ,,bucket-,,fountain1 a1 #dag1dah4 ,,bulwark1 a rising1 #dcj1dcb4 ,,bumbasses and bullets1 to shoot1 #dba4 ,c4 ,,candles1 a brass mould for1 #ead1eae4 ,,cannon1 tried before ,charles ,i41 #dfg1dfh2 improvements in1 #dfh2 extraordinary1 #dfi2 various1 #dfi2 experiments at ,woolwich1 #afea1 #dfi2 to charge fifty1 #dgb4 ,,cannon1 8to level by night10 #djj2 ,bishop ,wilkins' remarks1 #dbb1dbc2 burst by water1 #dge2 charged with water1 #dha1dhb4 ,,carabines1 often discharging1 #dfc2 particulars of1 #dff2 noticed1 #dgd4 ,,castle-,,clock1 #dbj1dba4 ,,caus1 ,,salomon de1 notice of1 #cfi1cgj1cgb1edb2 his work1 #dgf2 fountain and description1 #dgf1dgg1dgh2 comment on1 #dgh1dgi4 ,,century of ,inventions1 its name1 #cde2 ,,ms4 copy1 #cdf2 the ,,ms4 and first edition1 #cdg2 title pages1 #cdg2 why misunderstood1 #cej2 nature of articles therein1 #cec2 as a literary work1 #ceh2 its value1 #ceh2 variations on its title1 #ceh2 verbal peculiarities1 #cfj2 its practical tendency1 #cfa2 its author's object1 #cfa2 its form1 #cfb2 similar early statements1 #cfb2 its style accords with the legal form in use for patent specifications1 #cfc2 agreement between the 8,century0 and the ,marquis's patent1 #cfc1cfd2 classical scholars have misapprehended the work1 #cff2 its suggestive character1 #cfg2 a greater work intended1 #cfg2 conflicting opinions1 #cfg2 how to be viewed and estimated1 #cfh2 the modern steam engine owes its origin to the ,marquis and his work1 #cfi2 ,mr4 ,muirhead's false estimate of this production and its author's invention1 #cga2 it stands alone1 #cgc2 various editions1 #cgd1cge2 reprints in other works1 #cge2 fac-simile title page 7except the frame work71 #cgg2 dedication to ,charles ,i41 #cgi2 ,dedication to the ,houses of ,parliament1 #cha2 acknowledges the ,act for his engine1 #chc2 mentions the sacrifice of #gjj1jjj1 #chc2 ,kaltoff1 #chc2 its author's prolific invention1 #chd2 alludes to fees1 #che2 and his 8,golden ,age10 #che2 rarity of the first edition1 #dig2 a postscript1 note1 #ece1ecf4 ,,century4 first edition1 #cdf2 last edition1 #cdf2 its unreliable character1 #cdg4 ,,chair1 an imprisoning1 #eac4 ,,character1 a universal1 #dcc4 ,,charles ,,ii4 had a curiously contrived box from the ,marquis1 #cef4 ,,cipher and character1 #cia2 a one-line cipher1 #cia2 the same refined1 #cib2 reduced to a point1 #cic2 varied significally to all the #bd letters1 #cid2 key to the ,marquis's cipher discovered1 #eeb4 ,,claudius1 of ,rome1 his ,bucket fountain1 #daf4 ,,coach-,,saving ,engine1 #dad1dae4 ,,conceited tinder-box1 #dci4 ,,condensation applied to ebbing and flowing1 #dai-dba2 applied to drawing weights1 #dbc-dbe2 applied to draught1 #dbg1dbh2 applied to two globes1 #def-dfb2 noticed by ,j4 ,bate1 #dhj4 ,,continually going watch1 #ejh4 ,,conveyance1 a secret comb1 #eaa2 knife1 spoon1 or fork1 #eaa ,,crock1 #dff2 ,arquebuse 1 #dff4 ,,cross-,,bow1 noticed1 #dgd2 a double1 #ebh4 ,d4 ,,dark1 to write in the1 #ejc4 ,,decks1 false destroying1 #dje4 ,,dee1 ,dr4 ,,john1 his preface to ,euclid1 #cfa4 ,,definition of the ,engine1 #dif1edi1eej4 ,,desaguliers1 ,dr41 on automata1 #ddc2 on perpetual motion1 #deb1dec2 account of ,savery's engine1 #dhh-dij2 charge against ,savery1 #dhi4 ,,dice1 cheating at1 #ebb1ebd4 ,,dicing box1 #eba1ebb1ebd4 ,,discourse1 mute and perfect1 by colours1 #cii2 by night1 #cii4 ,,door1 opening either way1 #ejb2 a conceited1 #ejc4 ,,doors1 a pocket engine to open1 #ebg4 ,,double drawing engine for weights1 #dbc4 ,,double water-screw1 #dea2 cross-bow1 #ebh4 ,,drebell1 ,,cornelius1 noticed1 #djb1djc4 ,e4 ,,ebbing and flowing river1 #dai2 castle-clock1 #dbj1dba2 applied to two globes1 #def-dfb4 ,,engine1 portable in one's pocket1 #djj2 ship destroying1 #dja2 to drive and fasten to ships1 #dja2 for cannon1 #dfh2 a semi-omnipotent1 #ebi-eca4 ,,engine1 a stamping1 #ebj2 a gravel1 #ebe2 a ship-raising1 #ebf2 a pocket1 to open doors1 #ebg4 ,,engines of ,war1 #dfh1dfi4 ,,escutcheon for locks1 #ejj4 ,,etten1 ,,van1 describes a fountain1 #dha2 recommends heat1 #dha2 cannon1 #dha1dhb4 ,,evelyn1 ,john1 his ,diary1 #cea2 his 8boscoresque0 grounds1 #ceb4 ,f4 ,,false destroying decks1 #dje4 ,,fire-,,arrow1 to shoot1 #dfe4 ,,flamstead1 ,john1 astronomer1 #ceb4 ,,flask-,,charger1 #dfc2 powder1 noticed1 #dgd4 ,,fleet1 to destroy a1 #djb4 ,,flying-man1 a1 #ejd-ejh4 ,,force1 as a technical term1 explained1 #dhc1dhd4 ,,fountain1 artificial1 #dac1dad2 ,de ,caus1 #dgg4 ,,fringe-,,alphabet1 #dce4 ,,fulton1 ,robert1 noticed1 #djd4 ,g4 ,,garden1 a floating1 #dab1dac2 a river in1 #dai4 ,,gallery1 a transmittible1 #ejb4 ,,gloucester1 moveable bulwark at the siege of1 #dca4 ,,glove-,,alphabet1 pincked1 #dce2 primero gloves1 #eba4 ,,gradation1 rule of1 #ddh1ddi4 ,,gravel engine1 #ebe4 ,,grew1 ,dr41 his discourse1 #cfe4 ,,guilford1 ,baron1 ,life of1 #cea2 was 8no concealed virtuoso10 #cea2 declines being proposed for the ,royal ,society1 #ceb2 his acquaintances1 #ceb2 visits ,sir ,s4 ,morland1 #cec4 ,,guns to shoot often1 remark on1 #dgb4 ,h4 ,,hallam1 learning during the ,middle ,ages1 #cde4 ,,harleian ,,mss41 #cdf2 cipher1 #cid4 ,,harquebus1 particulars of1 #dff2 for expeditious shooting1 #dff2 crock1 #dff4 ,,head1 a brazen or stone1 #eae-ebj4 ,,herbert1 ,lord1 son of the ,duke of ,beaufort1 his letter1 #cej4 ,,hoel1 ,m41 his hydraulic engine1 #dad4 ,,hollowing on a water-screw1 #dej1eec4 ,,hook1 ,dr41 examines ,papin's fountain1 #cea2 had seen the ,marquis's engine1 #dic4 ,,horse1 artificial ring1 #ebd4 ,,hour-,,glass fountain1 #dac1dad4 ,,hour water-ball1 #ddd4 ,,hume1 ,david1 criticises the 8,century10 #cdi4 ,i4 ,,imprisoning chair1 #eac2 one at ,rome1 #ead4 ,,instrument1 an arithmetical1 #eab2 for perspective1 #ebi4 ,,invention1 nature and progress of1 #cff4 ,,inventions1 estimated number in the 8,century10 #cec1ced2 classified1 #ced2 8tried and perfected10 #cee2 short list of1 #ceg2 a series of early1 #cfb2 early patented1 #cfc2 the ,marquis's 8quintessence of10 #eee4 ,,inventors1 early1 statements of ,inventions1 #cfb4 ,k4 ,,kaltoff1 ,caspar1 the ,marquis's faithful workman1 #cei2 his death1 #affd-e1 #ecg2 noticed1 #ech2 various notices of him and his family at ,vauxhall1 #egd4 ,,kneffler1 or ,knuffler1 ,dr41 noticed1 #djc4 ,,knotted string alphabet1 #dce4 ,,key-pistol1 #dch1dci4 ,,key1 a triangle1 #dii2 a rose1 #ejj2 a square1 #ejj4 ,l4 ,,ladder1 portable scaling1 #dde-ddh4 ,,lambert1 ,william1 his petition respecting ,vauxhall1 #ecg4 ,,lanthorn-,,alphabet1 #dce4 ,,letters secretly conveyed in a comb1 #eaa2 in a knife1 spoon1 or fork1 #eaa4 ,,lever1 a to and fro1 #dbe1dbf4 ,,light pistol-barrels1 #eaa4 ,,locking of ,cabinet-boxes1 #eaj4 ,,locks1 an escutcheon for1 #ejj2 an alarum for1 #eja2 ingenious and expensive1 #eja1ejb4 ,,lotherdale1 ,earl of1 the ,marquis promises him a curious box1 #cef4 ,m4 ,,man1 to fly1 #ejd1eje4 ,,middle ,ages1 the1 #cde4 ,,military antiquities1 #dgc1dgd4 ,,mill1 a rasping1 #eab2 a coining1 #ebj4 ,,minyons1 minion1 cannon1 #dfg4 ,,moor1 ,sir ,,jonas1 mathematician1 #ceb4 ,,morland1 ,sir ,,samuel1 his house1 coach1 and several inventions1 #cec2 his patent for raising water from ,mines 7#affa71 #cfd1cfe2 his arithmetical instrument1 #eab4 ,,mould for candles1 #ead1eae4 ,,muirhead1 ,,james ,p41 ,m4,a41 his false estimate of the ,marquis's character1 invention1 and 8,century10 in his 8,life of ,james ,watt10 #cfi-cgb2 his treatment of the subject1 #cgj2 erroneous opinion of the inventions of ,de ,caus and the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #cgb4 ,,multiplied strength in little room1 #djf4 ,,musketoons1 or blunderbuss1 #dgc4 ,,muskets1 often-discharging1 #dfd2 short1 #dfe2 particulars of1 #dff2 ancient use of1 #dgd4 ,,musquetoons1 oft-shooting1 #dgb2 on horseback1 #dgb4 ,,mute and perfect discourse by colours1 #cii2 by night1 #cii4 ,,mystical jangling of ,bells1 #ddi4 ,n4 ,,napier1 ,lord ,john1 his secret inventions1 #djb4 ,,needle-,alphabet1 #dcd4 ,,newcomen1 noticed1 #cfi4 ,o4 ,,often-discharging ,pistol1 #dfb2 ,peards1 #dga2 ,guns1 #dgb4 ,,ordnance1 ancient1 #dgc4 ,p4 ,,papin1 ,dr41 his fountain1 #cfa2 experiments on steam1 #dih4 ,,patent for the ,marquis's clocks1 guns1 c41 #eeg4 ,,pattu1 ,m41 his water-screw1 #dea4 ,,pear1 an untoothsome1 #eab4 ,,peards1 oft shooting1 #dga4 ,,pepys1 ,,samuel1 his ,diary1 #cea4 ,,perpetual ,motion1 #deb-def4 ,,perpetual ,motions in ,m4 ,servire's cabinet1 #cej4 ,,perspective instrument1 #ebi4 ,,petty1 ,sir ,,william1 his discourse1 #cfe4 ,,pincked ,glove alphabet1 #dce4 ,,pistol1 oft-shooting1 #dfb2 ancient use of1 #dgc2 improved1 #dgd2 light barrels1 #eaa4 ,,pleasant floating garden1 #dac4 ,,pneumatic propulsion1 #dab4 ,,pocket ,ladder1 #ddg1ddh2 engine to open doors1 #ebg4 ,,point1 a cipher reduced to a1 #cic4 ,,portable 8pocket0 engine1 #djj2 bridge1 #dbh1dbi2 fortification1 #dbi2 engine1 or ladder1 #dde-ddh4 ,,porta',s steam apparatus1 #eda4 ,,powder flask1 noticed1 #dgd4 ,,primero gloves1 #eba4 ,q4 ,,quint-,,essence of motion1 by the ,marquis of ,worcester1 noticed1 #ceg2 a statement of #i inventions1 #eee1eef4 ,r4 ,,ramsey1 ,d41 raises water by fire1 #dgi4 ,,rasping mill1 #eab4 ,,ribbon1 a discourse woven in1 #ejc4 ,,rising bulwark1 #dcj-dcb4 ,,river1 in a garden1 #dah2 ebbing and flowing1 #dai4 ,,rollock1 ,,john1 his verses allusive to condensation1 #ecc2 his tract containing his panegyric1 the ,act1 c41 #eei4 ,,rome1 an invention obtained there1 #cec2 8,claudius his studies at10 #daf4 ,,royal ,society1 ,transactions1 #cea2 ,baron ,guilford declines being proposed for1 #ceb2 ,sir ,w4 ,petty1 and ,dr4 ,grew1 their discourses1 #cfe2 ,savery exhibits his model1 #dhd2 8first appearance in the world0 of ,savery's engine1 #did4 ,,rule of gradation1 #ddh1ddi4 ,s4 ,,sakers1 cannon1 #dfg4 ,,savery1 ,,thomas1 noticed1 #cfi2 note1#cga2 model engine for raising water1 #dhd1dhe2 his 8,miners ,friend10 #dhe2 his description and the 8,century0 compared1 #dhf1dhg2 ,bradley's account1 #dhg2 engine at ,cambden ,house1 #dhg2 ,switzer's account1 #dhg1dhh2 its discovery attributed to a tobacco-pipe1 #dhh2 the same to a ,florence flask1 #dhi2 noticed by ,dr4 ,desaguliers1 #dhh-dij2 accused of obtaining and destroying the ,marquis's books1 #dhi2 this charge examined1 #dib1 c42 as an independent inventor1 #dig2 his career1 #dih4 ,,scantling explained1 #cdh4 ,,scarioni1 ,,francesco1 his ,centuria1 #cdf4 ,,science1 state of1 to #affg1 #cdh4 ,,screwed ascent of stairs1 #dde4 ,,sea-banks1 to construct1 #ebh1ebi4 ,,sea-castle1 or fortification1 #daa1dab4 ,,sea-sailing fort1 #dab4 ,,seals1 #chg1chh2 8abundantly significant10 #chi2 a cipher seal1 #chi1cij2 private and particular to each owner1 #cia4 ,,secret conveyance for letters1 in a comb1 #eaa2 in a knife1 spoon1 or fork1 #eaa4 ,,secreti1 by ,scarioni1 #cdf4 ,,senses1 alphabets by the1 varied1 #dcf4 ,,serpentine scale1 ,browne's calculating1 #eab4 ,,servi,,re1 ,m41 his cabinet1 #cej4 ,,ship-destroying engine1 #dja4 ,,ship-raising engine1 #ebf4 ,,ship1 to safeguard any1 #djd2 an unsinkable1 #djd1dje2 false decks1 #dje2 anchor1 to weigh up1 #djf2 driving against wind and tide1 #djg2 three ships1 or a sea castle1 #daa2 ships' muskets1 #dga4 ,,ship-musquets1 to govern a whole side of1 #dga4 ,,short writing1 expeditious way of 7supposed to be the ,marquis's invention71 #cdi-cih2 authors on1 #dcf-dch4 ,,sieve alphabet1 #dce4 ,,smell1 alphabet by1 #dce4 ,,spring1 strength-increasing1 #dba4 ,,stairs1 a screwed ascent of1 #ddd1dde4 ,,stamping engine1 #cdf1ebj4 ,,steam ,engine1 notice of the first practical1 #cde2 historical notices of and wavering character of opinions respecting the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #cfh2 progressive improvements1 #cfh2 false estimate of the ,marquis in the 8,life of ,james ,watt10 #cfi4 ,,steam1 its power realized1 #cfb4 ,,stone bow1 #dba-dbc4 ,,strength-increasing spring1 #dba4 ,,strength multiplied in little room1 #djf4 ,,string alphabet1 knotted1 #dce4 ,,stuart1 ,,robert1 contradicts himself1 #cgj4 ,,submarine vessel1 #djb4 ,,switzer1 ,s41 his account of ,savery's engine1 #dhg1dhh4 ,t4 ,,tape or ribbon1 a discourse woven in1 #ejc4 ,,taste1 alphabet by1 #dce4 ,,telegraph1 electric1 anticipated1 #ceg4 ,,telegraphy1 systems of1 #cii4 ,,tinder-,,box1 a most conceited1 #dci4 ,,tobacco-,,tongs engine1 #dde1ddf4 ,,touch1 alphabet by1 #dce4 ,,town1 for guarding several avenues to a1 #dgb4 ,,tradescant1 his museum1 #cef4 ,,transparent water-screw1 #dej4 ,,trithemius quoted1 #cic4 ,u4 ,,universal character1 #dcb-dcd4 ,,untoothsome pear1 #eac4 ,v4 ,,vacuum1 noticed by ,john ,bate1 #cfj4 ,,vauxhall ,,works1 expense of1 #ceh2 ,william ,lambert's petition in respect to1 #ecg2 ,marquis of ,worcester's engagements there in #afdg1 and earlier1 #ecg1ech4 ,,venice1 an invention obtained there1 #cec1dbe4 ,,verstegan1 on science in #afje1 #cdi4 ,,vinci1 ,leonardo da1 notice of1 #cde4 ,w4 ,,walpole1 ,,horace1 criticises the 8,century10 #cdh1cdi2 groundless censure1 #ebc1ebd4 ,,watch1 a continually going1 #ejh4 ,,water1 to drive up by fire1 #dge2 heated in a cannon1 #dge2 ,dr4 ,ramsey's patent1 #dgi2 raised by ,bate1 #dgi2 ,van ,etten applies heat1 #dha2 cannon experiment1 #dha1dhb2 ,savery's model1 to raise1 #dhd1dhe4 ,,water-,,screw1 to make hollow1 #dej2 a transparent1 #dej2 a double1 #dea2 plan of construction1 #eeb1eec4 ,,waterwork1 a fire1 #dgf2 8the most stupendious work in the whole world10 #ecc-ece2 a stupendous1 #ecf4 ,,water-,,works1 noticed by ,john ,bate1 #cfj2 the ,marquis acknowledges the passing of the ,act for1 #chc4 ,,watt1 ,,james1 his engine1 #cfi2 indebted to the influence of capital1 #cfi2 false estimate of the ,marquis in 8,the ,life of10 #cfi-cgb4 ,,weights1 to raise1 #eca-ecc4 ,,weld1 ,mr41 his 8knick-knack-atary10 #ceb4 ,,werden1 ,sir ,,john1 mathematician1 #ceb4 ,,wheel1 great weighted1 #deb-def4 ,,worcester1 ,marquis of1 the ,harleian ,,mss4 not in his handwriting1 #cdf2 his engine in the ,century1 #cec2 estimated number of his inventions1 #cec1ced2 classified1 #ced2 his proposed work1 #cee2 special notices of practice1 #cee1cef2 silence of contemporaries1 #cef2 promises a box to the ,earl of ,lotherdale1 #cef2 a mysterious invention1 #ceg2 his pecuniary position1 #ceh2 expense of his works at ,vauxhall1 #ceh2 analogous inventions in old authors1 #cei2 enumerated1 #cei2 seems to have been attached to ,bate's ,mysteries of ,nature and ,art1 #cei2 ,water-works1 noticed by ,bate1 #cfj2 acquainted with ,dr4 ,dee's preface to ,euclid1 #cfa2 styles of ,bate and the ,marquis compared1 #cfa2 in search of powerful mechanical aids1 #cfa2 realizes the power of steam1 #cfb2 writes his 8,century0 similar to patent specifications1 #cfc1cfd2 his pre-eminent invention1 #cff2 wavering character of historical notices of his invention1 #cfh2 false estimate of the ,marquis's personal character1 his invention1 and his 8,century10 in the 8,life of ,james ,watt10 #cfi1cgj1cga1cgb2 his general character1 his inventions1 and his work1 #cgc2 the modern steam engine owes its origin to the ,marquis and his work1 #cfi2 his engine at work1 #cgj2 acknowledges the passing of the ,act for his engine1 #chc2 mentions the sacrifice of #gjj1jjj1 #chc2 his 8,golden ,age10 #che2 his supposed invention of ,short ,writing1 #cid2 his cipher-written letter1 #cih2 a model of his semi-omnipotent engine to be buried with him1 #ecj2 notice of his works at ,vauxhall1 #afdg1 #ecg1ech2 statement in his ,act of ,parliament1 #eci1edj2 construction of his engine1 #eea2 key to his cipher discovered1 #eec2 nine of his inventions1 or quintessence of motion1 #eee2 his patent for clocks1 c41 #eeg2 ,rollock's pamphlet1 containing ,act1 c41 #eei4 ,,write1 to1 in the dark1 #ejc4 ,,index ,,to ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,the ,,marquis ,,of ,,worcester4 ,a4 ,,act of ,parliament for the ,water-commanding ,engine1 applied for1 #bec2 proceedings in respect to1 #bed-bef2 royal assent given1 #bef2 the ,act1 ,appendix ,c4 ,,adams1 ,mr41 ,lord ,herbert's preceptor1 #ada4 ,,albemarle1 ,duke of1 letter from1 #bfh1bfi2 another letter1 #bgg2 names the ,crown's debts1 #bgh2 statement made to him of expenditure in the late ,king's service1 #bgh1bhj4 ,,alchemy in vogue1 #af4 ,,allen1 ,captain1 taken at ,padstow1 with the ,earl of ,glamorgan's dispatches1 #abd2 promised assistance1 #abe2 bearer of a letter1 #abf2 ,glamorgan reports ,allen having been taken1 #agj4 ,,allowance of #c4 per week1 ,cromwell's ,warrant for1 #bac4 ,,alonzo1 ,don1 his answer1 sent1 #bah4 ,,anne1 ,countess of ,worcester1 her death1 #ca4 ,,antonio1 ,captain1 two frigates1 #agj4 ,,apocryphal passages relating to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 ,appendix ,h4 ,,aristocracy of the #agth century1 social habits1 #e2 luxuries of the table1 and of dress1 #e4 ,,arlington1 ,lord1 letter to1 #bfi2 the ,marquis seeks his services1 #bgd4 ,,arundel1 ,,henry ,,frederick1 ,earl of2 marries ,anne1 daughter of ,edward ,lord ,herbert1 #ag4 ,b4 ,,backhouse1 ,lieut4 has command of war horses taken at ,gloucester1 #fb4 ,,bacon1 ,lord1 death of1 #af4 ,,badminton ,,house1 ,gloucestershire1 visited by ,charles ,,ii4 and his ,queen1 #bfj4 ,,baker1 ,,thomas1 engineer1 his ,poem on 8,the ,steam ,engine10 #beh2 notice of 8,the ,century10 #beh1bei4 ,,balfour1 ,sir ,,william1 ,lieutenant of the ,tower1 #be2 commanded at ,edge-hill1 #be4 ,,bate1 ,,john1 his work1 #afcd-ce1 #bi2 remarks on water-works1 #bi4 ,,bayly1 ,dr4 ,,thomas1 noticed1 #i2 relates a ,welsh legend1 and occurrence at ,carnarvon1 #id2 chaplain at ,raglan ,castle1 #if2 his 8,apophthegms10 #if2 ,lord ,herbert's water-works1 #ajj1aja2 his dedication of his book1 #aaj1aaa2 relates a domestic incident1 #adi1aej2 leaves ,raglan ,castle1 #aec2 visits the ,marquis at ,covent ,garden1 #aed2 attends the ,marquis's funeral1 #aee4 ,,baynards ,,castle1 correspondence from1 respecting ,henry ,lord ,herbert's marriage1 #a1b1c1d4 ,,beauchamp1 ,,mary1 ,lady2 married to ,lord ,herbert1 #bbj2 ,certificate1 #bbj4 ,,beaufort1 ,,henry1 ,duke of1 his mother1 #af1ag2 his birth1 death1 and age1 7note7 #af2 at six years of age1 #bc2 ten years of age1 #bf2 8a match propounded for0 him1 to his grandfather1 by ,charles ,i41 #ajc2 ,petitions the ,house of ,commons1 #bja2 his property1 #bjb1bjc1bjd2 resolutions in regard to value1 c4 #bje1bjf1bjg2 sat in the ,cromwellian parliament1 #baj2 his father's estates in ,monmouthshire enjoyed by ,cromwell1 #baj2 ,cromwell's caution1 #baj2 marriage1 #bbj2 resident at ,badminton ,house1 #bbf2 going to ,dover1 #bbf2 letter to his wife1 #bbf2 a prisoner in the ,tower1 #bcc2 letter to his wife1 #bcc2 his age1 #bcc2 constituted ,lord ,lieutenant of ,gloucestershire1 #bcc2 parliamentary clause in respect to his property1 #bch2 ordered by ,parliament to give up his father's deeds and writings1 #bch2 delivers a message to the ,lords1 #bdc2 carries the bill to the ,lords for the ,water-commanding ,engine1 #bef2 visit of ,charles ,,ii4 and his ,queen1 #bfj2 sits in the ,house of ,peers1 7note7 #bhb2 attests his father's funeral ,certificate1 #cjj2 letters patent granted him remitting payments due from his father1 #cjc2 a commissioner to distribute fund for poor ,cavaliers1 #cag1cah2 his progress through ,wales1 7note7 #cag2 return to ,badminton1 7note7 #cah2 published account of his progress1 7note7 #cah4 ,,bedford1 ,lord of1 #b4 ,,bedford1 ,earl of1 ,francis ,russell1 #f4 ,,bible1 new translation published1 #g4 ,,birch',s1 ,dr4 statement about ,glamorgan's going to ,wales1 #hg4 ,,blackfriars1 the seat of fashion1 #a2 marriage of ,lord ,herbert there1 #b2 ,queen ,elizabeth's stay there1 #c2 ceremony on arrival1 #c2 supper there1 #d4 ,,blackstone1 ,sir ,,ralph1 named1 #ada4 ,,blaxton1 ,sir ,,william1 assists to retake ,monmouth1 #fc4 ,,bosdon1 ,,edward1 ,glamorgan's ,instructions to1 #hg4 ,,boteler1 ,,allen1 his business from ,charles ,i4 to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 at ,raglan ,castle1 #adb2 his journey1 #adb2 difficulties and dangers1 #adc2 arrives at ,raglan1 #add2 disappointment1 #add2 stern reception1 #add2 interview with the ,marquis1 #add1ade2 who plainly declares his sentiments respecting ,charles ,ist's treatment of his son1 #ade2 neglected1 and detained1 leaves precipitately1 #ade1adf2 his adventures1 and return to ,oxford1 #adf1adg4 ,,brecknock garrisoned1 #fj1ccb4 ,,brereton1 ,,roger1 his letter to the ,countess of ,glamorgan1 #abi4 ,,brereton1 ,sir ,,william1 his letter-book1 #hg4 ,,brett1 ,sir ,,jeremiah1 before ,gloucester1 #ef4 ,,bridgewater1 ,earl of1 named1 #bd4 ,,brompton ,,castle1 council of war to take it1 #eh4 ,,burton1 ,,thomas1 ,m4,p41 reports on the ,marchioness of ,worcester's ,petition1 #aie2 his remarks on the ,marquis of ,worcester's character1 being then a state prisoner1 #bab2 his conduct that of a soldier1 and always civil1 #bab4 ,,byron1 ,sir ,,john1 ,lieutenant of the ,tower1 #bc2 named1 #ce1cf2 his letters1 ,july1 #afdb1 #da1db1ei2 his regiment1 #fg2 named1 #cbh1ccj1cca4 ,,bythell1 ,,john1 his letter to his father1 about the ,earl of ,glamorgan and others1 #hh2 escapes shipwreck1 his cargo of corn seized1 #ij2 a prisoner1 #ij1ia2 list of passengers and crew1 #ib4 ,c4 ,,calehof1 ,,calthoff1 ,,caltrop1 ,,colthoff--see ,kaltoff4 ,,cardiff garrisoned1 #fj2 named1 #cbh1ccb4 ,,carlyon garrisoned1 #fj1ccb4 ,,carte and ,dr4 ,birch's erroneous statement about ,glamorgan's leaving for ,ireland1 #ic2 corrected1 #ic4 ,,carnarvon1 ,,robert ,earl of1 marriage of his sister ,elizabeth to ,edward ,lord ,herbert1 #af2 her death1 #bc4 ,,castlemaine1 ,lady1 undertakes a request to the ,king1 #bge4 ,,catholic ,clergy1 ,irish ,roman1 #aad1aae1aai2 ,glamorgan solicits consent for post of ,lord ,lieutenant1 #aha2 ,glamorgan's complicity with1 #ahd2 great secrecy observed1 #ahd4 ,,catholic ,princes1 ,roman1 with the ,pope1 to supply #cj1jjj1 to support an army in ,england1 in the cause of ,charles ,i4 #bbh2 ,glamorgan's power to treat1 #bbi4 ,,catholic1 ,roman1 ,lord ,lieutenant1 #aae4 ,,catholic1 ,roman1 ,religion1 ,glamorgan's engagement to support measures for the good of1 #afj4 ,,catholic1 ,roman1 countries1 support from1 #hd4 ,,catholics1 ,roman1 indulgences granted1 #bcb2 ,jesuits excepted1 #bcb2 the ,marquis of ,worcester derived no assistance from1 #cbg1cbh4 ,,catholics1 ,roman1 ,irish1 inquiry respecting1 #abb2 ,charles ,ist repudiates the concessions made to1 #acj2 his letter to ,ormond1 #aca2 negotiations with1 repudiated by ,secretary ,nicholas1 #acb2 the whole party astounded at these abortive results1 #afa2 diminished hopes1 ,charles ,i4 in custody at ,newcastle1 #age4 ,,catholics1 ,roman1 laws against1 #bg4 ,,caus1 ,,de ,,salomon1 his works1 #bi4 ,,cavaliers1 ,act providing for poor1 #bdg2 fund for1 #cag4 ,,century ,,of ,,inventions1 a ,catalogue raisonn1 #ag2 written1 #bad2 ,,ms4 copy in the ,british ,museum1 #bba2 first publication1 #beh2 ,poetical notice of1 #beh1bei4 ,,charles ,,the ,,first1 his birth1 #e2 first year of his reign1 #ab2 witnesses the wheel experiment at the ,tower1 #be2 character of his reign1 #be2 #aeth year1 #ca2 the ,long ,parliament1 #ca2 return from ,scotland1 #cb2 retreat to ,hampton ,court1 #cb2 at ,royston1 #cc2 at ,hull1 #cd2 flatters the ,earl of ,worcester1 #ce2 his movements in #afda1 #ce2 ,civil ,war declared1 #cg2 makes a convenience of the ,marquis of ,worcester for his wealth1 #ch2 his perfidious nature1 #ch2 members of ,parliament summoned to attend at the ,banqueting ,house1 #afdj1 #ch2 borrows money from the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #da2 journey to ,leicester1 #db2 #e1jjj sent for him to ,newstead1 #db2 8hopes he shall not die in the ,marquis's debt10 #db2 report from the ,king at ,nottingham of his message by ,lord ,herbert to his father1 #dd1de1df2 ,charles ,i4 and ,lord ,herbert pourtrayed1 #df1dg2 his tortuous policy1 #ee2 certain early loans from the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #eh1ei2 at ,york1 #ei2 commission of ,array1 #ei2 attended by the ,marquis of ,hertford at ,oxford1 #fg2 inconsistencies in his conduct1 #fi2 liberal in promises1 #fi2 battle of ,edge-hill1 #fi2 sends the ,earl of ,glamorgan the ,blue ,ribbon1 and a warrant for the title of ,duke of ,somerset1 #gd2 assures ,glamorgan 8you labour for a dear friend10 #ge2 wonders he has not gone to ,ireland1 #ge2 artful letter to ,ormond1 #gh2 his deceptive style1 #gi2 profuse in professions of attachment1 #ha2 why selected for this negociation1 #ha2 reassures ,glamorgan of his confidence in him1 #hb2 at ,hereford1 #hc2 visits ,raglan ,castle1 #ajd2 the fickle monarch a false friend1 #aje2 reception1 #aje2 returns to the ,castle1 #ajf2 his third visit1 #ajf2 in all #bg days1 #ajf2 discourse with the ,marquis1 #ajf2 presented with a dessert from ,troy1 #ajh2 deprives the ,marquis of #f1jjj deposited with his son1 #aji1aaj2 his engagement of ,glamorgan characterized1 #aaf2 disasters in war1 #aag2 looks to ,ireland for assistance1 #aag2 his urgent necessities1 #aag2 his plan for realizing his hopes in ,ireland1 #aah2 repudiates ,glamorgan's proceedings in ,ireland1 #abb2 ,hume's notice1 #abb1abc2 ,carte's charge1 #abc2 the ,king's duplicity1 #abc2 #f1jjj men ready to leave ,ireland1 #abf2 his message to ,parliament1 #acj2 writes to the ,queen about 8,glamorgan's business10 #acd2 his letter to 8,glamorgan10 #acd2 his consummate duplicity1 #ace2 charged by the ,marquis of ,worcester with being 8wavering and fickle10 #ade1adh2 his character1 #aeg2 creates the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 8,duke of ,somerset and ,beaufort10 #afb2 the patent1 #afb1afc2 his confidence in ,glamorgan not misplaced1 #afg2 his perfect acquaintance with the ,marquis and his son1 #afg2 writes from ,newcastle1 #agd2 not strictly guarded1 #agd2 offers to pawn his kingdoms1 #agd2 a copy sent to the ,pope1 #agd2 ,glamorgan devises a plan for his escape to ,ireland1 #age2 the ,king's treatment of the noble family of ,somerset1 #ahd2 delivered up by the ,scots1 #afdg1 #ahi2 his execution1 #ahi2 the ,marquis of ,worcester explains his conduct and powers in ,ireland1 to ,lord ,clarendon1 #bbg2 an immense army was to have been raised1 #bbh2 and the ,pope and ,catholic ,princes were to supply #cj1jjj per month for its maintenance1 #bbh2 hence the 8amplitude of ,glamorgan's commission10 #bbh2 the signing and sealing1 #bbi2 to ,huntingdon1 #ccj2 to ,nottingham1 to ,york1 #ccj2 the ,tower1 #ccj2 his note of hand1 #cca2 money at ,oxford1 #ccb4 ,,charles ,,the ,,first',s correspondence2 his letter1 ,august1 #afda1 #cb2 ,december1 #afda1 #cc2 8lying pamphlets10 #cc2 ,march1 #afda-b1 #cc2 ,may1 #afdb1 #cd2 ,january1 #afdb1 #ci2 ,june1 #afdc1 #fd2 his patent granted to the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 #gj2 his instructions to him1 #gb2 letter1 ,february1 #afdd1 #gd2 ,march1 #afdd1 #ge2 ,december1 #afdd1 #gh2 ,commission to ,glamorgan1 ,march1 #afdd1 #gi1hj2 ,february1 #afde1 #hb2 ,june1 #afde1 #hb1hc2 ,august1 #afdd1 #ajb2 ,august1 #afdd1 #ajd2 ,january1 #afde-f2 ,march1 #afde-f1 #acc2 ,feb4 #afde1 #acd2 ,july1 #afdf1 #agd4 ,,charles ,,the ,,second1 court at ,paris1 #ahi2 its changes1 #ahi2 its poverty at ,st4 ,germains1 #ahi2 at ,jersey1 #bjg2 in ,scotland1 #bjg2 in ,france1 #bjg2 ,louis ,,xiv4 of ,france1 favourable to1 #bji2 supposed to have sent the ,marquis of ,worcester from ,france to ,london1 #baj2 the ,marquis of ,worcester had presented him with an ingeniously contrived box1 #bbc2 proclaimed1 #bbe2 his return and rejoicings1 #bbf2 ,marquis of ,worcester's petition to have his case investigated by ,parliament1 #bca2 the ,king and ,queen's progress1 #bca1bcb2 a christening at ,worcester ,house1 #bcb2 his coronation1 #bcb2 homage of the nobles1 #bcb2 sketch of his character1 and that of the ,marquis1 #bcd2 attends the ,house of ,lords1 #bdc2 personally prorogues it1 #bdc2 ceremony1 #bdd2 one-tenth of the ,water-commanding engine granted to him1 #beg2 remitted on the ,marquis surrendering a warrant granting land to the value of #dj1jjj1 #beg2 the ,marquis's petition to1 #bfi2 another1 #bga2 draft of a letter to1 #bgg2 coolness towards the ,marquis1 #bie2 characteristic traits of his majesty1 #cjg1cjh2 his apathy retards the development of the steam engine1 #cjh4 ,,chester1 ,city of1 #c1jjj men expected for its relief1 #he2 rumours of its being taken1 #he2 men for its relief1 #aad2 ,glamorgan writes about relief1 #abe2 #f1jjj ,irish ready for1 #abf2 #c1jjj men reported ready1 #ace2 loss of1 #ach2 ,glamorgan's hopes of relief1 #afj2 its surrender1 #afa4 ,,chepstow fortified1 #fj2 belongs to the ,marquis of ,worcester of inheritance1 #ff2 named1 #cbh1ccb4 ,,christening present1 a1 #b4 ,,civil ,,war1 aspect of affairs1 #afda1 #cg2 series of national disasters1 #dc2 party distinctions1 #dc2 ancient warfare1 #ec1ed2 perplexing state of the war1 #fi2 the gain and loss by1 #ahf2 intellectual losses1 incalculable1 #ahf4 ,,cipher1 letter written in1 #ahj2 a sentence in1 #ccc4 ,,clarendon1 ,earl of1 resided at ,worcester ,house1 #aib2 ,marquis of ,worcester's letter of explanations to1 #bbg2 offer of ,worcester ,house1 #bce2 his residence1 7note71 #bcg2 at ,worcester ,house1 #bfj1bfa2 visited by ,evelyn1 #bfa4 ,,cobham1 ,lord1 his house at ,blackfriars1 #c2 ,queen ,elizabeth to stay there1 #c2 attends the ,queen at the water-side1 #c2 her majesty sups at his house1 #d2 leads the bride 7,miss ,russell7 to church1 #d4 ,,coke1 ,,john1 his letter1 #bd4 ,,copley1 ,,christopher1 named in a ,bill for settling ,worcester ,house on the ,marchioness of ,worcester1 #aif2 may have instigated the writing of the 8,century10 #bae2 in the army1 #bae2 letter from the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #bae2 interested in the engine1 #baf2 obtains a written obligation from the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #baf2 he 8doth undermine ,worcester ,house10 #bce2 named1 #cja2 some account of him1 ,appendix ,e4 ,,cornwall1 ,report of the ,duchy of1 survey of ,vauxhall1 #bhi1bij1bia2 other ,reports1 ,appendix ,g4 ,,cosmo ,,de ,,medici the ,third1 visits ,vauxhall to see the ,marquis's ,engine1 #cjb4 ,,council1 the new1 of confederate ,irish ,roman ,catholics2 ,glamorgan solicits consent for the post of ,lord ,lieutenant1 #aha4 ,,council1 the ,supreme1 of confederate ,irish ,roman ,catholics1 ,archbishop of ,tuam's death1 #aae2 order for his arrears1 #aaf2 disclosures1 #aaf2 inquiry respecting1 #aba2 agreement discovered1 #abd2 published1 #abd2 press for ,glamorgan's liberation1 #ace2 visited by ,glamorgan on his liberation1 #acf2 exorbitant demands1 #acf2 ,glamorgan desires its good opinion1 #afe2 wearied of the army expenses1 #afe2 resolve against sending troops over to ,england1 #afe4 ,,cromwell1 ,,oliver1 ,bill respecting ,worcester ,house to be tendered to him1 #aif2 gives his assent1 #aif2 his directions sought in respect to payment1 #aig2 he is satisfied1 #aih2 enjoyed the ,marquis of ,worcester's ,monmouthshire estates1 #baj2 warns his wife respecting ,lord ,herbert1 #baj2 his ,warrant to allow the ,marquis #c4 per week1 #bac2 the ,marquis seeks an interview with him1 #bag2 his death1 and his son's brief career1 #bbe2 deeds delivered up1 #bdg2 ,herbert1 his 8right-hand0 man1 #bdi2 his ,warrant1 ,appendix ,f4 ,,cromwell1 ,,richard1 ordered to give up deeds and writings1 #bch4 ,,cromwell1 ,,elizabeth1 letter to her1 respecting ,lord ,herbert1 #baj2 ordered to give up deeds and writings1 #bch4 ,,culpepper1 ,lord1 letter from the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 #abe4 ,,cumberland1 ,earl of1 leads the bride 7,lady ,herbert7 from church1 #d4 ,d4 ,,dean1 ,forest of1 garrisoned1 #fj2 ,lord ,herbert entering1 #fb2 ,sir ,john ,winter 8the plague of the forest10 #fc2 the rebels quit1 #fc2 taken by ,lord ,herbert1 #ff2 named1 #cbh1ccb4 ,,dee1 ,,dr4 ,,john1 his curious preface to 8,euclid10 #bf4 ,,definition of the ,water-commanding ,engine1 #bbc2 published1 ,appendix ,c4 ,,digby1 ,,george1 ,lord1 charges the ,earl of ,glamorgan with high treason1 #aaf2 ,glamorgan writes to his wife1 mentioning him1 #abh2 named also by ,r4 ,brereton1 #abi2 ,charles ,ist's commands to1 #aca2 ,glamorgan informs him of his business in going to ,france1 #ach2 approves ,glamorgan's resolution1 #agh4 ,,dormer1 ,,sir ,,william1 marriage of his daughter ,elizabeth to ,edward1 ,lord ,herbert1 #af2 her death1 #bc4 ---- ,,robert1 ,lord1 of ,weng1 father of ,sir ,william ,dormer1 #af2 #bc4 ,,drebble1 his stove1 #bfd4 ,e4 ,,edge-,,hill1 soldiers furnished the ,king1 by the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #fg2 named1 #cbh4 ,,edward1 ,lord ,herbert--see ,,worcester4 ,,edward1 fourth ,earl of ,worcester--see ,,somerset1 also ,,worcester4 ,,edward1 second ,marquis of ,worcester--see ,,somerset1 also ,,worcester4 ,,elizabeth1 ,lady ,worcester1 her death recorded1 #h4 ,,elizabeth1 ,lady ,herbert1 first wife of ,edward ,lord ,herbert 7afterwards sixth ,earl of ,worcester71 #af2 mother of ,henry1 ,duke of ,beaufort1 #af2 her two daughters1 #ag2 her portrait1 #ba1bb2 her death1 #bb2 funeral certificate1 #bc2 sister of ,robert1 ,earl of ,carnarvon1 #bii4 ,,elizabeth4 ,queen1 her ,court at ,greenwich1 #a2 her leave obtained for ,lord ,herbert and ,miss ,russell's marriage1 #b2 the ,queen to appoint the day1 #b2 promises her presence1 #c2 arrives at ,blackfriars1 #c2 carried in a ,lectica1 #c2 present at a masque1 #d2 danced on the occasion1 #d2 her death1 #e4 ,,engineering1 early1 in ,england1 #ah4 ,,engineers1 foreign1 usually employed1 #ah4 ,,england1 state of art and science from #afdj noticed1 #ahh4 ,f4 ,,fairfax1 ,,sir ,,thomas1 his dragoons at ,padstow1 obtains the ,earl of ,glamorgan's despatches1 #abd2 opinion of ,charles ,ist's message to ,parliament1 #acj2 sends his summons to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #aea2 takes great interest in the mining approaches to ,raglan ,castle1 #aeb2 concludes terms with the ,marquis1 #aeb2 ratified1 #aec2 ,raglan ,castle surrendered1 #aec2 entertained at ,bath1 #aed4 ,,fernes1 the ,roman ,catholic ,bishop of1 ,chancellor of the ,congregation1 #ahc --see ,father ,,nugent4 ,,finch1 ,,heneage1 his report on a ,petition1 #bgc4 ,,fitzwilliams1 ,col41 named1 #aad4 ,,foster1 ,captain ,,william1 letter in respect to1 #bdi4 ,g4 ,,galileo prosecuted at ,rome1 #bg1bh2 his death1 #ca4 ,,glamorgan1 ,edward ,somerset1 ,earl of1 patent privily granted1 #gj2 copy of the patent1 #gj1ga1gb2 was acknowledged by ,charles ,,ii4 #gb2 his instructions from ,charles ,i41 #gb1gc1gd2 dispatches for ,ireland1 #gd2 ,charles ,i4 acknowledges #bej1jjj1 #gd2 sends him the ,blue ,ribbon and ,warrant for the title of ,duke of ,somerset1 #gd2 detained at home1 #ge2 his respectful letter to his father1 ,august1 #afdd1 #gf1gg2 termination of his military career in ,wales1 #gg2 ,charles ,ist's pretence to doubt his 8judgment10 #gh2 his ,commission to raise troops in ,ireland1 #gi1hj2 visits ,ireland1 #hb2 in ,ireland1 #hb2 letter to ,ormond1 #hc2 estimates his navy and army expenses at #ajj1jjj1 #hd2 expects #cjjj men from ,chester1 #he2 letter to ,ormond1 #hf2 going to ,waterford1 #hf2 has laid an embargo on shipping at ,wexford1 #hf2 a biographical error corrected1 #hg2 letter of ,john ,bythell1 #hg2 named as 8,lord ,herbert10 in ,bythell's letter1 #hh2 at ,carnarvon1 a ,welsh legend1 #id2 his regiment of horse1 #aje2 second visit to ,ireland1 #aab2 his commissions1 warrant1 and patent1 #aab2 ,ormond notes his noble ends and apparent dangers1 #aac2 and his 8judgment10 #aad2 secret negotiations1 #aae2 their failure1 #aae2 his treaty found out1 #aaf2 charged with high treason1 #aaf2 a close prisoner in ,dublin ,castle1 #aaf2 his examination1 #aai2 inquiry respecting his oath1 #abb2 did not unduly use his great powers1 #abc2 deceived by the ,king1 #abc2 his letters and papers taken at ,padstow1 #abd2 publication of his agreement with the ,irish ,roman ,catholics1 #abd2 copy of his oath1 #abd2 has #fjjj ,irish ready1 #abf2 his letter to his wife1 #abg2 his imprisonment1 #abg-abi2 ,charles ,i4 repudiates his proceedings to ,ormond1 #aca2 ,secretary ,nicholas writes to ,ormond to the same effect1 #aca2 vindicates the ,king1 #acb2 a second letter1 repudiating his powers and patent1 #acc2 ,charles ,ist's letter to the ,queen on this affair1 #acd2 the ,king's letter to him1 #acd2 set at liberty1 #ace2 his bail1 #acf2 writes to ,ormond that he shall go to ,france4 #acf2 presses for a continuance of the cessation1 #acg2 withholds his motion from the ,supreme ,council1 #acg2 ,sir ,v4 ,molineux will accompany him to ,france1 #acg2 desires ,ormond's co-operation1 #ach2 has informed ,lord ,digby1 #ach2 his purchase of a ship1 ordnance and stores1 #ach2 expects to return with a fleet1 #ach2 learns the loss of ,chester1 #ach2 continues in ,ireland1 #aci2 his father indifferently informed of his operations there1 #adb2 at ,kilkenny1 #aeg2 his letter to the ,nuncio1 #aeh2 a peace proposed to be approved by the ,pope1 #aei2 the raising of #gjjj men to be conditional1 #aei2 his projected visit to ,italy1 #aei2 engages a large supply of money1 men1 arms1 and ships1 #afj2 wrote to ,charles ,i4 hoping to relieve ,chester1 #afj2 seeming friends industriously hinder him1 #afa2 relies on his ,majesty's 8right interpretation10 #afa2 his imprisonment declared a mere colourable affair1 #afb2 created 8,duke of ,somerset and ,beaufort10 #afb2 the patent1 #afb1afc2 recital of his martial deeds1 #afb2 his remarks on the state of affairs1 #afd2 he apologizes for the ,king's declaration1 #afd2 the ,king's instructions1 #afd2 desires the good opinion of the ,supreme ,council1 #afe2 designed going to ,rome1 #afe2 his letter to ,father ,nugent expressive of bitter disappointment and mental anguish1 #aff2 his operations virtually terminated1 #aff1afg2 perfect consistency of his conduct1 #afg2 had to deal with a grasping party1 #afh2 overmatched by ,ormond1 ,digby1 and others1 #afh2 opposition between his own views and those of his party1 #afh2 his spotless rectitude1 #afh2 he wrote to ,ormond1 #afh2 reports the taking of ,captain ,allen1 #agj2 expects his own and other letters to be printed1 #agj2 reports several ships1 #agj2 his offer if joined by ,ormond and the ,supreme ,council1 #aga2 the ,king's 8bugbear declaration10 #aga2 ,ormond's approving answer1 #agb2 his brother in ,italy1 #age2 the ,king's declaration 8enforced upon him10 #agf2 the intended articles he pronounces invalid1 #agg2 his bail in no danger1 #agg2 is debarred from calling on ,ormond1 #agh2 his handwriting1 #agi2 address of a letter written in cipher1 #agi1ahj2 scarcity of his autograph1 #aha2 patent to appoint him ,lord ,lieutenant of ,ireland1 #aha2 his going to ,rome1 #aha2 soliciting the post of ,lord ,lieutenant1 #aha2 8of a very mild temper10 #ahb2 8attached to the ,apostolic ,see10 #ahb2 and 8bound to it by oath and promises10 #ahb2 his oath1 #ahb2 apprised of his father's decease1 #ahd --see also ,edward1 ,earl and #bnd ,marquis of ,,worcester4 ,,glamorgan1 ,countess of1 her husband's letter from ,dublin ,castle1 #abg2 incident relating to her at ,raglan ,castle1 #adi1aej2 leaves ,raglan ,castle1 #aec2 a pass granted her to ,ireland1 #ahd --see also ,margaret1 ,marchioness of ,,worcester4 ,,gloucester1 ,lord ,herbert before1 #ef2 stoutly defended1 #ef2 summoned by ,prince ,rupert1 #ef2 its reduction attempted1 #ef2 ,lord ,herbert's horses seized1 #fj1fa1fb2 named1 #cbh2 troops raised against1 #ccc4 ,,goodrich ,castle garrisoned1 #fj2 taken by ,lord ,herbert1 #cbh1ccb4 ,,gower1 the ,poet1 quoted1 #ajh2 works mentioned1 #ade2 ,appendix ,k4 ,,greenwich1 ,queen ,elizabeth's court at1 #a2 letter from1 #c2 the ,queen's return to court1 #d4 ,,greenwich1 ,charles ,i4 at1 #ce4 ,h4 ,,hall1 ,,john1 the ,marquis's petition in respect of1 #bga2 case1 #bgc2 named1 #bhh4 ,,hall1 ,,henry1 the ,marquis's petition in respect of1 #bga4 ,,hamilton1 ,marquis of1 ,master of the ,horse1 #cf4 ,,hamilton1 ,duke of1 named1 #be4 ,,hanneman',s painting of a family group1 #cj2 noticed1 #caa4 ,,harley1 ,lady1 her ,diary1 #ef1eg1fd4 ,,hartlib1 ,samuel1 notice of ,vauxhall1 #bff2 states the 8,earl of ,worcester is buying ,vauxhall10 #bfg4 ,,hazilrigge1 ,bart41 ,sir ,arthur1 named1 #db4 ,,henrietta ,,maria1 ,queen1 at ,paris1 her present of jewels to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #cac --see ,,queen ,,dowager4 ,,henry1 ,duke of ,beaufort--see ,,beaufort4 ,,henry1 #ast ,marquis of ,worcester--see ,,somerset1 also ,,worcester4 ,,herbert1 ,edward1 of the ,grange1 #bdi4 ,,herbert1 ,henry1 ,lord--see ,henry1 ,earl and ,marquis of ,worcester4 ,,herbert1 ,,anne1 ,lady1 her marriage gifts and portion1 #d2 daughter of ,john ,lord ,russell1 #e2 mother of #ac children1 #f2 her relative ,lady ,morrison1 #g4 ,,herbert1 ,,margaret1 ,lady 7afterwards ,countess of ,glamorgan71 her marriage1 #cj2 her portrait1 in a family group1 #cj2 her infant daughter1 ,mary1 #cj2 pass granted her to ,france1 #ahg --see ,,worcester1 ,margaret1 ,marchioness of4 ,,herbert of ,cardiffe1 ,lord2 leads the bride 7,miss ,russell7 to church1 #d4 ,,hereford garrisoned1 #f2 ,governor of1 #fd2 the city taken by ,lord ,herbert1 #ff2 named1 #ccb4 ,,hero of ,alexandria1 his 8,spiritalia10 #bi4 ,,hertford1 ,marquis of1 #dj1ee2 defeat in the ,west1 #fg2 supplied with recruits1 #fg2 ,dukedom of ,somerset confirmed to him1 #bdc2 named1 #cbh2 forces a loan to1 #ccb4 ,,hervey discovers the circulation of the blood1 #g4 ,,hill1 ,,richard1 a purchaser of the ,marquis of ,worcester's estates1 #aic4 ,,holland1 ,lord1 named1 #ei4 ,,hook1 ,dr41 ridicules the engine2 #bib2 laughs at it1 #bid2 his character1 #bid4 ,,hooper1 ,captain1 the engineer1 mining at the siege of ,raglan ,castle1 #aea2 progress of his approaches1 #aeb4 ,,hopton1 ,lord1 letter from the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 #abf4 ,,huntingdon1 ,charles ,i4 at1 #eh4 ,,huntingdon1 ,francis ,hastings1 ,earl of1 death of his daughter1 wife of ,edward1 #dth ,earl of ,worcester1 #h2 letter from the ,earl of ,worcester1 #ab4 ,i4 ,,inventions1 ,century of1 written1 #bad2 the manuscript1 #bba2 patent for four1 #bdh2 list of1 #bdi2 state of the knowledge of1 #bic4 ,,inventions of the ,earl of ,worcester1 ,appendix ,a4 ,,inventions1 the ,marquis of ,worcester's patent for four1 ,appendix ,b4 ,,ireland1 visited in #afdb by the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 #hb2 the ,king is glad he is there1 #hb2 second visit1 #aab2 ,ormond notes the ,italian ,bishop's reception1 #aac2 to raise #aj1jjj men1 #aad2 packet boat from1 boarded at ,padstow1 #abd2 ,fairfax's report of this1 #abg2 the ,marquis of ,worcester expects benefit to ,ireland through the ,queen1 #ahe2 he leaves ,ireland1 #ahe2 the ,marquis's journey1 #ccc4 ,,ireland1 rebellion in1 #fi2 ,charles ,i4's ,commission to the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 to raise troops in1 #gi1hj2 ,glamorgan's visit to1 #ha1aab4 ,,irish army1 new levied1 to disband1 #ci4 ,,irish ,roman ,catholics1 offer to raise troops1 #gg2 difficulties arise out of their demands1 #gg2 the ,king's narrow policy1 #gg2 ,charles ,i4's warrant to ,glamorgan to treat and conclude with the confederates1 #hj1ha4 ,j4 ,,james ,i41 the ,pope's bulls1 #e2 reprimands ,henry1 ,earl of ,worcester1 on his daughter being a nun1 #f2 the ,king proclaimed1 #g2 his reign1 #aa4 ,,jesuits excepted in the indulgence granted to ,roman ,catholics1 #bcb2 the ,jesuits represent their case1 #bcb2 ,henry1 ,marquis of ,worcester1 a ,penitent of the ,society1 #bcb4 ,,jones1 ,lady1 and ,sir ,philip1 leave ,raglan ,castle1 #aec4 ,,jones1 ,,william1 ,steward of ,raglan1 #adb4 ,k4 ,,kaltoff1 ,,caspar1 a practical working engineer or machinist1 so engaged1 #ag2 water-work s at ,raglan ,castle1 #ai2 eleven years service1 #bi2 named by the ,marquis1 #bfb2 stated to be a ,dutchman1 #bff2 employed making guns1 #bff2 inventions and models there1 #bff2 visited by ,dr4 ,hook1 #bic2 superintending works1 #cja2 he and his wife 7#afgb7 lately deceased1 #cje2 their children1 #cje2 his son-in-law1 ,peter ,jacobson1 #cje2 documents relating to1 ,appendix ,g4 ,,keneys1 ,bart41 ,sir ,michael1 ,governor of ,chepstow1 #adb4 ,,kennet',s relation concerning ,henry ,earl of ,worcester's daughter being a nun1 #f2 remarks on ,edward1 ,marquis of ,worcester1 his exile and return1 #bji1baj4 ,,kirle1 ,colonel1 his siege operations1 #adi4 ,,kuffler1 ,dr41 his furnace1 #bfd4 ,l4 ,,lenthall1 ,john1 letter from1 #bba2 has received a present1 and acknowledges his fees1 #bba4 ,,leyburn1 ,father ,george1 and the ,marquis of ,worcester leave ,ireland1 #ahe4 ,,lingard1 ,dr4 on ,charles ,i4's warrant to the ,earl of ,glamorgan1 #ace4 ,,london in #afbe-afcf1 coaches1 hackney coaches1 streets1 pillory1 whipping1 mutilations1 the plague1 #bg2 fortified in #afdc1 #ahi2 ,charles delivered up by the ,scots1 #afdg1 #ahi2 and his execution1 #ahi2 the ,commonwealth established1 #ahi2 public taste curtailed1 #ahi2 the ,plague1 #bhe4 ,,lotherdale1 ,earl of1 letter to1 from the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #bbc2 promises him an ingenious box1 #bbc4 ,,louis ,,xiv41 of ,france1 favourable to ,charles ,,ii41 #bji4 ,m4 ,,marriage gifts to ,lady ,herbert1 #d2 a mock1 at ,raglan ,castle1 #ig4 ,,masque on occasion of ,lord ,herbert's marriage to ,miss ,russell1 #c2 ladies1 characters1 and dresses1 #c2 the dance and address to the ,queen1 #d2 her ,majesty joined in the dance1 #d4 ,,mathews1 ,sir ,,toby1 named1 #ada4 ,,mazarine1 ,cardinal1 the ,marquis of ,worcester recommended to him1 #ahh2 opposed to ,louis ,,xiv4 attempting the restoration of ,charles ,,ii4 #baj2 presented the ,marquis to the ,king1 #bha2 his gracious remark1 #bha4 ,,mechanical knowledge in the #agth century1 #ad4 ,,milford ,,haven1 ,parliament ships in1 #fe4 ,,milton born1 #g4 ,,molineux1 ,sir ,,vivian1 will accompany the ,earl of ,glamorgan to ,france1 #acg4 ,,monconis1 ,m4 de1 named by ,sorbire1 #bfc2 reports new inventions1 #bfc1bfd4 ,,monmouth1 fortified1 #fj2 ,lord ,herbert before1 #fc2 ,waller's success1 #fc2 alarm1 #fc2 ,marquis of ,worcester's efforts1 #fc2 saved by the ,marquis1 #ff2 taken by ,lord ,herbert1 #ff2 named1 #cbh2 fortified1 #ccb4 ,,monmouthshire1 ,cromwell enjoys the ,marquis of ,worcester's estates in1 #baj2 his letter touching the same1 #baj4 ,,monopolists1 prejudices against1 #bic4 ,,montgomeryshire1 raising troops in1 #fd4 ,,moore1 ,lord ,,john1 ,kennington1 #bhf4 ,,morgan1 ,colonel1 at ,worcester1 #adi2 at ,landenny1 #adi2 his regiment1 #aea4 ,,morley1 ,,thomas1 ,lord1 died #adaf1 #if4 ,,morrison1 ,lady1 in the ,friars1 #g4 ,,myddleton1 ,sir ,,hugh1 forms the ,new ,river1 #h4 ,n4 ,,napier1 ,lord1 his system of logarithms1 #g4 ,,naseby1 battle of1 #ajd4 ,,newport1 named1 #cbh4 ,,newstead1 money to be sent privately to1 for ,charles ,i4 #da4 ,,nicholas1 ,secretary1 letter to ,ormond1 #aca2 denounces ,lord ,herbert's negotiations in ,ireland1 #acb2 his second letter1 #acc4 ,,northampton1 ,earl of1 named1 #bd4 ,,nottingham4 ,charles ,i4 at1 #dd1eh4 ,,nugent1 ,father ,robert1 ,superior of the ,jesuits in ,ireland1 the ,earl of ,glamorgan's letter expressing his distress1 #afe2 named1 #ahc4 ,o4 ,o',,brien1 ,,henry1 ,earl of ,thomond1 his daughter ,margaret's marriage1 #cj2 his petition1 #aif2 named1 #cjj4 ,o',,neill1 ,mr4 named1 #aac4 ,,ormond1 ,marquis of1 ,lord ,lieutenant of ,ireland1 as respects concluding a peace1 the ,king empowers ,glamorgan to act1 #gc1ge1gg2 the ,king's letter to1 ,dec4 #afdd1 #gh2 ,glamorgan's letter to1 #hc2 recommends to conciliate the ,nuncio1 #hd2 about ,chester1 #he2 and #aj1jjj men1 #he2 ,chester holds out1 #hf2 letter from ,glamorgan1 #hf2 letter to1 #aac2 stretch of authority1 #aac2 approves ,glamorgan's 8judgment10 #aad2 his continued civility to the ,earl1 #aae2 his suspicions aroused1 #aae2 his warrant to commit the ,earl of ,glamorgan to ,dublin ,castle1 #aaf2 letter from ,secretary ,nicholas1 #aca2 repudiates ,lord ,herbert's negotiations1 #acb2 second letter1 #acc2 repudiates his powers and patent1 #acc2 letter from ,glamorgan1 #acf2 who intends going to ,france1 #acf2 and presses for a continuance of the cessation1 #acg2 ,glamorgan seeks his co-operation1 #ach2 in ,england1 #adg2 letter from ,glamorgan1 #afh2 his large and noble offer1 #aga2 an approving reply1 #agb1agc2 letter from ,glamorgan1 #age2 commends his wisdom1 #agg2 letter from ,glamorgan1 #agh2 leaves ,dublin1 goes to ,hampton ,court1 #ahd2 living at ,acton1 and goes thence to ,france1 #ahg2 waits on the ,queen1 #ahg2 meets the ,countess of ,glamorgan1 7,marchioness of ,worcester71 #ahh2 her ill-timed resentment1 #ahh4 ,p4 ,,papist1 the ,marquis charged with being a1 #ee4 ,,papists1 and notorious malignants1 #aib2 warrants for seizing their estates1 #aib4 ,,papists1 ,parliamentary order for disarming1 #dc2 repudiated1 and yet countenanced by ,charles ,i41 #fi2 ,charles ,,ii4's declaration to banish1 #bid4 ,,paris1 ,marquis of ,worcester leaves ,ireland for1 #ahe2 ,lady ,herbert 7,marchioness of ,worcester71 has a pass to1 #ahg2 ,ormond flies to1 #ahg2 ,marchioness of ,worcester at1 #ahh2 ,charles ,,ii4's court at1 #ahi2 the ,marquis of ,worcester at1 #ahi2 full of loyal fugitives1 #aij4 ,,parliament1 ,henry ,lord ,herbert summoned to1 #g2 ,parliamentary duties1 #h2 dispensation to be absent1 #h2 the ,long1 #ca2 jealous of ,lord ,herbert1 #cf2 notice the ,marquis of ,worcester and ,lord ,herbert1 #ch2 order to disarm them1 #dc2 ,lord ,herbert's offer in reference to the ,commission of ,array1 #ei2 professes his determination1 #fj2 summons ,lord ,herbert to appear1 #fj2 and his father1 #fa2 ordinance affecting ,papists1 #aib2 contract in pursuance of such ordinance1 #aic2 orders the disposal of ,worcester ,house1 #aid2 petitioned by the ,marchioness of ,worcester1 #aid2 report on the petition1 #aie2 further report1 #aih2 order to pay #f4 per week to the ,marchioness of ,worcester1 #aia2 reference to ,committee1 #aii2 order1 #aii2 an ,act1 #aii2 order regarding pension1 #aii2 order for possession of ,worcester ,house1 #aii2 order on ,henry ,lord ,herbert's petition1 #bjb2 question on his delinquency1 #bjd2 petition refused1 #bjd2 report1 #bje2 resolutions1 #bje2 persons banished by1 and their property confiscated1 #bji2 resolutions on1 #bji2 orders the imprisonment of the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #baa2 on his petition order for his enlargement1 #bab2 sufficient bail to be taken1 #bab4 ,,parliament--at the ,restoration4 ,house of ,lords1 ,marchioness of ,worcester's petition about ,worcester ,house1 #bce2 restoration of the ,marquis's estate ordered1 #bch2 discuss the subject of his patent creating him ,duke of ,somerset1 #bci2 referred to ,lords named1 #bdj2 a committee reports1 #bdj2 message to ,house of ,commons1 #bda2 increase of committee1 #bda2 the ,patent delivered up1 #bdb2 ,bill in respect to ,patents and ,grants1 #bdb2 a message from the ,commons1 #bdc2 ,marquis of ,worcester's attendances1 #bdc1bdd2 prorogued1 #bdd2 re-opening1 #bdd2 ,act for the ,water-commanding engine1 #bec2 second reading1 #bed2 ,lords' committee 7note71 #bed2 passed1 #bef2 attendances1 #bhb4 ,house of ,commons1 message from the ,lords1 #bda2 a message to the ,lords1 #bdc2 report on the ,bill for the ,water-commanding engine1 #bee2 ,commons' ,committee1 #bee2 ,bill returned to the ,lords1 #bef2 passed1 #bef4 ,,parliament1 ,act of1 for the ,water-commanding engine1 ,appendix ,c4 ,,parliament ships reported to be in ,milford ,haven1 #fe4 ,,patent1 ,marquis of ,worcester's1 for four inventions1 #bdh2 ,appendix ,b4 ,,patents and grants1 ,bill in reference to1 #bdb4 ,,peacham1 ,,henry1 on mechanical knowledge1 #ad2 his praise of ,geometry1 #ad1ae2 automata1 #ae4 ,,pembroke1 ,earl of1 his town of ,carlyon1 #ccb4 ,,pembroke1 ,earl of1 magazine from1 #fj4 ,,pennoyer1 ,,william1 and ,richard ,hill1 large purchasers of the ,marquis of ,worcester's estates1 #aic2 ,parliamentary resolutions in respect to the ,marquis of ,worcester's estates conveyed to them1 #bje4 8,,peter10 ,john ,bythell1 commander of the1 his letter to his father1 #hh2 escapes shipwreck1 but the cargo of corn seized1 #ij2 list of crew and passengers1 #ib2 made prisoners1 #ib4 ,,petitions1 c4 dated #affe1 ,appendix ,i4 ,,pigot1 ,colonel1 letter from ,r4 ,brereton1 #acj2 send him a letter for the ,countess of ,glamorgan1 at ,raglan1 #ahj4 ,,pope1 the1 his bulls1 #e2 to be conciliated1 #hd2 his bull1 #aaf2 secret negotiations1 #aeh2 a peace1 to his approval1 #aei2 his treaty to be pre-eminent1 #afj2 a copy of ,charles ,i4's letter1 #agd2 ,lord ,john ,somerset to be sent on a mission to1 #ahd2 with ,catholic ,princes to supply #cj1jjj per month to maintain an army in ,england1 #bbh2 ,glamorgan had power to treat accordingly1 #bbi4 ,,pope',s ,nuncio1 the1 to be conciliated1 #hd2 ,glamorgan's letter to1 #aeh2 secret negotiations proposed by ,glamorgan1 #aeh2 articles on the part of his ,holiness and the ,king1 #aei2 ,glamorgan's engagement1 #aei2 to name an ,admiral1 #afj2 ,glamorgan agrees with him to confer certain titles1 #afj2 his letter1 #aha2 promoting ,glamorgan's solicitations for post of ,lord ,lieutenant1 #aha2 expects ,dublin to be taken1 #ahb2 important to appoint a ,catholic so highly approved1 #ahb2 the ,king's appointment1 #ahb2 it is contemplated to transport the ,holy ,faith into ,england by arms1 #ahb2 and by the ,earl1 a perfect ,catholic1 #ahb2 ,glamorgan's oath1 #ahb1ahc4 ,,popish recusants1 order to disband1 #ci4 ,,popish army1 rumours of a1 #ee4 ,,powis1 ,,william ,,herbert1 ,marquis of1 marries ,elizabeth1 second daughter of ,edward1 ,lord ,herbert1 #ag4 ,,present1 a christening1 #b4 ,,projectors and monopolists1 #ca4 ,,pudding1 ,dr41 ,queen ,elizabeth passing through his house is presented with a fan1 #d4 ,q4 ,,queen ,,dowager of ,england1 her remark at the ,court of ,france1 in respect to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #bha4 ,r4 ,,raglan ,castle1 noticed1 #h2 becomes the residence of ,henry1 ,earl of ,worcester1 #h1aj2 distinguished as a luxurious residence1 #ab2 described1 #dh2 distant view of1 #di2 ancient portions1 #ea1eb1ec2 garrisoned1 #ec2 ancient warfare1 #ec2 ,lord ,herbert obtains troops and stores1 #eg2 ,countess of ,glamorgan there1 #ie2 its garrison1 #ie2 ancient remains1 #ie1ie2 character of the family and servants there1 #if2 a mock wedding and masque1 #if2 visited by ,charles ,i41 #ajd2 military operations1 #adj2 the ,marquis's apartments1 #adj2 arrival of ,allan ,boteler with a message from ,charles ,i41 his reception41 #add1ade2 detained1 and precipitate departure1 #adf1adg2 the siege1 #adi2 a skirmish1 #aej1aea2 mining approaches1 #aea2 the garrison makes desperate sallies1 #aea2 cessation of arms1 #aeb2 the castle in jeopardy1 #aeb2 terms of surrender concluded1 #aec2 evacuated and delivered up to ,general ,fairfax1 #aec2 departure of the ,marquis1 his family1 friends1 and retainers1 #aec1aed2 stores1 furniture1 c4 found there1 #aed2 letters and papers ordered to ,london1 #aee2 the castle ordered to be 8pulled down and destroyed10 #aef2 named1 #cbh1ccb2 expense of garrison1 #ccc4 ,,raglan ,church1 burial of ,edward ,marquis of ,worcester and his wife ,elizabeth1 #h2 8,st4 ,cadocus10 #bb2 ,elizabeth1 ,lady ,herbert's funeral1 #bb2 described1 #if2 the ,marquis of ,worcester buried at1 #bie2 views of1 #bif1big4 ,,ramelli',s works1 #aehh1 #bi4 ,,redman1 ,james1 ,worcester house1 #bg4 ,,restoration1 the1 #bbf2 coronation1 #bcb2 prospects of the ,marquis of ,worcester at the1 #bcd2 characters of ,charles ,,ii4 and the ,marquis contrasted1 #bcd2 advance of science1 #bec4 ,,richmond1 ,duke of1 named1 #be4 ,,rinuccini1 the ,pope's ,nuncio1 gives the ,marquis of ,worcester an introduction to ,cardinal ,mazarine1 #ahh4 ,,rollock1 ,,james1 8an ancient servant10 #ccf4 ,,rome1 visit to ,claudius at1 #ah2 ,galileo prosecuted at1 #bg1bh2 agent's letters from1 #aaf4 ,,roundhead party1 #ca4 ,,royal ,,society1 established1 and incorporated1 #bec2 proceedings noticed by ,m4 de ,monconis1 #bfc2 ,dr4 ,hook redicules the ,marquis's engine1 and may have influenced members unfavourably1 #bid4 ,,royalist party1 #ca4 ,,rupert1 ,prince1 ,gloucester summoned by1 #eg2 at ,bristol1 #eg2 letter from ,lord ,herbert1 #fb2 ,lord ,herbert's dispatch1 #fd1fe2 offered ,forest of ,dean miners1 #fe2 his warrant to the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #fe1ff4 ,,russell1 ,,francis1 ,earl of ,bedford1 #f4 ,,russell1 ,lord ,,john1 named1 #e4 ,,russell1 ,miss ,,anne1 report of her marriage to ,henry ,lord ,herbert1 #a2 letters about her marriage1 #b2 her marriage at ,blackfriars1 #b2 the feast1 #c2 ceremony and gifts1 #d4 ,see ,,anne ,,lady ,,herbert4 ,,russell1 ,lady1 marriage preparations for her daughter1 #b2 ,queen ,elizabeth carried to her house in a ,lectica1 #c2 her great and plentiful entertainment1 continued for three days1 #d2 her relative ,lady ,morrison1 #g4 ,,rutland1 ,earl of1 leads the bride 7,lady ,herbert7 from church1 #d4 ,s4 ,,sandford1 ,,francis1 ,pursuivant at ,arms1 at the ,marquis's funeral1 #big2 account of him1 #big1bih2 takes the ,marquis's funeral certificate1 #cjj4 ,,seventeenth ,,century1 popular superstitions1 #cci4 ,,shakespeare died1 #g4 ,,siri1 ,,vittorio1 opinion of ,charles ,i4's message to ,parliament1 #acj4 ,,somerset1 ,lord ,,john1 to be sent on a mission to the ,pope1 #ahd2 disposal of property by ,parliament1 #aic2 ,patent delivered up1 #bdb2 named1 #bhh4 ,,somerset1 ,sir ,,john1 second son1 #f1i1dc2 conveys #e1jjj to ,newstead1 #db2 levying #ejj horse1 #db2 in command before ,gloucester1 #ef2 named in ,bythell's letter1 #hh2 his father deposits #fjjj with him1 #aji2 ,charles ,i4 obtains it on promise of repayment1 #aji2 subscribes articles1 #abj4 ,,somerset1 ,,thomas1 named1 #f4 ,,somerset1 ,,charles1 governor of ,raglan ,castle1 #f1i1ec2 leaves ,raglan ,castle1 #aec4 ,,somerset1 ,,frederick1 his baptism1 #f4 ,,somerset1 ,,charles1 #ast ,marquis of ,worcester1 his autograph1 7note7 #cji2 his marriages and death1 #cji1caj4 ,,somerset1 ,,henry1 ,lord ,herbert--see ,,beaufort1 ,duke of4 ,,somerset1 ,,william1 died #aehi1 #if4 ,,somerset ,,house1 hydraulic work on1 #bfe and #cjb4 ,,somerset1 ,,edward1 died #afbh1 #if4 ,,somerset1 ,duke of1 patent in respect to the title of1 #bci2 ,lords' ,committee to consider1 #bdj2 conditions not fulfilled1 #bdj2 the patent acknowledged and to be surrendered1 #bda2 committee1 #bda2 ,marquis of ,hertford1 his title of ,duke of ,somerset confirmed1 #bdc4 ,,somerset1 ,,henry1 #bnd ,marquis of ,worcester1 #caj4 ,,somerset1 ,,william1 #crd ,marquis of ,worcester1 #caj4 ,,somerset1 ,,edward1 #dth ,marquis of ,worcester1 #caj4 ,,somerset1 ,,henry1 #eth and #ast ,marquis of ,worcester1 #caj4 ,,somerset1 ,,edward1 #fth and #bnd ,marquis of ,worcester1 #caj4 ,,sorbi,,re1 ,m4 ,,samuel1 his book1 #bfb2 criticised by ,dr4 ,sprat1 #bfc2 names ,m4 de ,monconis1 #bfc2 and new inventions1 #bfd2 visits ,vauxhall to see the ,marquis of ,worcester's engine1 #bfd2 notices the waterworks at ,somerset ,house1 #bfe4 ,,sprat1 ,dr41 criticises ,sorbire1 #bfc4 ,,st4 ,,cadocus4--see ,raglan ,church4 ,,sydney1 ,sir ,,robert1 correspondence1 #b4 ,t4 ,,theobalds1 ,charles ,i4 to1 #ce1eh4 ,,thomond1 ,earl of4--see ,henry ,o',brien1 ,earl of ,thomond4 ,,thurloe1 ,secretary1 letter from the ,marquis of ,worcester1 #bag4 ,,tisser1 ,,ann1 a widow1 in possession of the ,gate-house of ,worcester ,house1 resists giving up possession1 #bci2 is charged with contempt and speedily ejected1 #bic4 ,,tower of ,london1 ,marquis of ,worcester1 his great experiment there before ,charles ,i41 #bd1be1bf2 committed a prisoner to1 #baa2 enlarged1 #bab2 ,lord ,herbert1 committed a prisoner1 #bcc2 his letter from the ,tower1 #bcc2 ,captain ,william ,foster a prisoner1 #bdi2 the ,marquis's letter1 #bej2 his 8six years' experience10 #bea2 period of the ,marquis's imprisonment considered1 #beb4 ,,travers1 ,,william1 ,roman ,catholic ,priest1 his letter to the ,dowager ,marchioness of ,worcester1 ,appendix ,d4 ,,troy ,,house1 #f1i2 fruit from1 #aji4 ,,tuam1 ,roman ,catholic ,archbishop of1 his death1 #aae2 papers found1 #aaf4 ,v4 ,,vandyck1 painter1 #ba2 his portraits1 #ba1bb4 ,,vauxhall1 treating for1 #bac2 the ,marquis may have resided there1 #bfa2 ,sorbire's visit1 #bfb2 his notice1 #bfd2 designation of1 #bfe2 notice of by ,hartlib1 #bff2 8the ,earl of ,worcester is buying ,vauxhall10 #bfg2 ,petition respecting1 #bhf2 #ej1jjj expended there in experiments1 #bhf2 survey of land and works1 #bhi-bia2 ,dr4 ,hook's visit1 #bib2 visited by ,cosmo de ,medici the ,third1 #cjb2 summary of work there for #g years1 #ccg2 documents relating to1 ,appendix ,g4 ,,vavasour1 ,colonel1 with ,lord ,herbert1 raising troops1 #fd2 ,governor of ,hereford1 #fd4 ,,vavasour1 ,sir ,,william1 #fe1ccc4 ,,venice1 visit to the arsenal at1 #ah4 ,w4 ,,waller1 ,sir ,,william1 defeats ,lord ,herbert before ,gloucester1 #ef1eg2 prisoners taken1 #eg2 before ,monmouth1 #fc2 named1 #cbh4 ,,warfare1 ancient1 #ec1ed4 ,,warrant1 ,cromwell's1 for a weekly allowance of #c per week to the ,marquis1 #bac1 ,appendix ,f4 ,,water-,,works at ,raglan1 #ai1bj1ba4 ,,water-commanding ,engine1 named in a letter to the ,earl of ,lotherdale 7,january #affj71 #bbc2 the ,marquis alludes to1 expecting an ,act for it1 #bbc2 his 8truly significant definition10 #bbd2 earliest distinct reference1 #bbe2 its progress1 #bec2 application to ,parliament1 #bec2 the ,act passed1 #bef2 one-tenth granted to ,charles ,,ii4 #beg2 the same remitted to the ,marquis on surrender of a warrant granting him lands to the value of #dj1jjj1 #beg2 7and note71 #beg2 seen by ,sorbire1 #bfd2 the public prove sceptical1 #bfh2 intelligence respecting it1 #bfh2 ,act1 and posting bills respecting1 #bia2 set up at ,vauxhall1 #bia2 seen by ,dr4 ,hook1 #bib2 its practical character1 #cjj2 seen by ,cosmo de ,medici the ,third1 at ,vauxhall1 #cjb2 mentioned in #afgj1 in a letter1 #cjc2 latest intelligence1 #cjd2 the ,marquis's principal invention1 #cje2 means taken for publishing it1 #cje1cjf2 his three accounts of it1 #cjf2 generally unnoticed by contemporaries1 #cjf2 its superiority1 #cjg2 it was in advance of the age1 #cjg2 operations to give it publicity1 #ccf2 a model to be deposited1 #ccf2 and one to be buried1 #ccg2 summary of work at ,vauxhall1 #ccg2 probable learned and wealthy visitors1 #cch1cci2 ,act for1 ,appendix ,c4 ,,watkins1 ,sir ,,david1 #bj loan1 #bad4 ,,wheel1 the great1 experiment at the ,tower1 #bd1be1bf4 ,,willis1 ,mr41 his inventions1 #bfd4 ,,williams1 ,sir ,,trevor1 his siege operations1 #adi2 seized #hj horses1 #adi4 ,,william1 ,lord ,,herbert1 at ,oxford1 #f2 early decease1 #f4 ,,winter1 ,sir ,,john1 ,forest of ,dean1 #fc2 united with ,lord ,herbert4 #fc2 deserts and spoils the ,forest1 #fd4 ,,wood1 ,,ant4 4 his account of ,william ,lord ,herbert1 and his brother ,henry ,somerset1 at ,oxford1 #f2 their ages1 #f1 #g2 remarks on ,henry1 ,lord ,herbert1 #aa2 on his religion1 #aa4 ,,woodcroft1 ,,bennet1 ,f4,r4,s4 list of copies of ,documents in his possession respecting the ,marquis of ,worcester1 ,appendix ,f42 ,cromwell's warrant1 ibid4 ,,worcester1 ,,edward1 ,,somerset1 #dth ,earl of1 rumour of his son's intended marriage1 #a2 christening of ,sir ,robert ,sydney's daughter1 #b2 waiting on ,queen ,elizabeth1 #b2 his christening present1 #b2 his son ,henry ,lord ,herbert's marriage1 #b1c1d1e2 invested with ,order of the ,garter1 #g2 ,keeper of the ,privy ,seal1 #g2 his death1 #h2 his autograph1 #ab2 his horsemanship and athletic acquirements1 #ac2 named1 #bii4 ,,worcester1 ,,edward ,,somerset1 #fth ,earl and #bnd ,marquis of1 7,lord ,herbert1 from #afja to #afdb71 notice of1 #b2 one of #ac children1 #f2 at ,oxford1 #f2 family associations1 #i2 probable date of his birth1 #aj2 at eight years of age1 #aj2 his preceptor1 ,mr4 ,adams1 #aj2 his education1 and on the continent1 #aa2 at ,charles the ,first's court1 #aa2 at #bd years of age1 #aa2 ,raglan ,castle1 a luxurious residence1 #ab2 a young nobleman's education1 #ab2 personal appearance1 #ac2 defect in speech1 #ac2 his style of composition1 #ac2 state of mechanical science1 #af2 his first marriage1 #af2 his family of one son and two daughters1 #af1ag2 ,henry created ,duke of ,beaufort1 #ag2 account of his marriage1 #ag2 engages the mechanic ,caspar ,kaltoff1 #ag2 a work-shop1 #ag2 predilection for mathematical and mechanical studies1 #ag2 continental tour1 #ah2 at ,rome and ,venice1 #ah2 domestic and studious habits1 #ah2 early inventions1 #ah2 his inventive faculty1 #ai2 his water-works at ,raglan1 #ai1bj1ba2 ,vandyck's portrait1 #ba2 his 8golden days10 #bb2 attests his wife's funeral certificate1 #bc2 letter from ,secretary ,coke1 #bc2 at ,worcester ,house #bd2 his ,wheel at the ,tower1 #bd2 described1 #be2 exhibited to ,charles ,i4 #be2 paradoxes1 #be1bf2 his married life1 #bf2 a widower1 #bf2 studies and pursuits1 #bg2 studies matured1 #bh2 a mathematician1 #bh2 of delicate frame1 #bh1bi2 his books1 #bi2 second marriage1 #cj2 his ,irish connexions1 #cj2 death of his child1 ,mary1 #cj2 painting of a family group1 #cj2 strange costume1 #cj1ca2 resident in ,london1 #ca1cb2 letter from ,charles ,i4 #cc2 8lying pamphlets10 #cc2 ,charles ,i4 another letter1 #cc2 indisposition1 #cd2 at #dj years of age1 #ce2 his declaration in regard to the ,king's early movements1 #ce2 fears the ,parliament1 #cf2 noticed by ,parliament1 #ch2 order to consider his commission1 #ch2 ,parliamentary order to disarm him1 #dc2 order for his appearance1 #dc2 at ,nottingham1 #dd2 his minute report of ,charles ,ist's message to his father1 #dd1de1df2 ,lord ,herbert's interview with ,charles ,i4 at ,nottingham pourtrayed1 #df1dg2 residence at ,raglan ,castle1 #dh2 has the command of #ejj horse1 #ed2 in his military capacity1 #ee2 made ,general of ,south ,wales1 #ef2 ,general of the horse1 #ef2 before ,gloucester1 #ef2 attempts its reduction1 #ef2 defeat and loss1 #eg2 appears to have been at ,oxford1 #eg2 at ,hereford1 #eg2 called to the ,forest of ,dean1 #eh2 dispensing his father's loans to ,charles ,i41 #eh1ei2 in fear of ,parliament1 #eh2 takes leave of it1 #ei2 retires to ,raglan1 #ei2 his offer to ,parliament1 #ei2 his declaration to uphold the ,king's cause1 #fj2 raises six regiments1 #fj2 horses seized at ,gloucester1 #fj1fa2 summoned to ,parliament1 #fj2 letter to ,prince ,rupert1 #fb2 entering ,forest of ,dean1 #fc2 before ,monmouth1 #fc2 flight of his troops1 #fc2 unites with ,sir ,john ,winter1 #fc2 raising troops in ,montgomeryshire1 #fd2 a dispatch to ,prince ,rupert1 #fd1fe2 reports ships in ,milford ,haven1 #fe2 offer of ,forest of ,dean miners for ,bristol1 #fe2 recital of his military exploits1 #ff2 no contemporary account of them1 #fg2 reduces ,abergavenny and ,carlyon1 #fg2 his troop of ,life ,guards1 #fg2 gained no military celebrity1 #fh2 his character as a commander1 #fh2 created ,earl of ,glamorgan1 #gj2 his autograph as ,edward ,lord ,herbert1 #gg2 water-works at ,raglan1 #ajj1aja2 his father's reproof on his demanding money for the king1 #aja1aja1ajb2 procures the king #fjjj1 committed to his brother's care1 #aji2 --7,see ,,earl of ,,glamorgan1 transactions preceding his father's death47-- his letter to the ,bishop of ,fernes1 #ahd2 expects the ,queen to befriend ,ireland1 #ahe2 leaves ,ireland for ,france1 #ahe2 in exile1 #ahf2 his inventions neglected in his time1 #ahg2 styled 8,lord ,herbert of ,raglan10 and a pass to ,france granted to his wife1 #ahg2 account of his being in ,paris1 #ahh2 his introduction to ,cardinal ,mazarine1 #ahh2 seeks to be ,lord ,lieutenant of ,ireland1 #ahh2 interview between his wife and ,ormond1 #ahh2 her ill-timed resentment1 #ahh2 at ,st4 ,germain's1 #ahi2 wrote to ,charles ,,ii41 and his gracious reply1 #aij2 four or five years in ,france1 #aij2 general poverty1 #aia2 difficulties in the way of study abroad1 #aia2 his family in ,england1 #aib2 disposal of his property by ,parliament1 #aic2 ,worcester ,house1 during his life1 #aie2 a ,bill for settling the same1 #aie2 his son and two daughters1 #bja2 his property1 #bjb1bjc1bjd2 ,parliamentary resolutions in regard to valuation1 #bje1bjf1bjg2 a trying period of five years1 #bjg2 his property assists the ,government1 #bjg2 treatment of his wife and family significant of his being esteemed1 #bjh2 return to ,england1 #bji2 ,parliamentary resolution in regard to him as being banished and his property confiscated1 #bji2 supposed to have been sent to ,england by ,charles ,,ii41 #baj2 his visit considered1 #baj1baa2 committed to the ,tower1 #baa2 his trial to be considered1 #baa2 his petition1 #bab2 order for his liberation1 #bab2 period of confinement1 #bac2 his age1 #bac2 loan of #bj41 #bad2 summary of his history1 #bad2 his 8,century0 written1 #bad2 writes to ,chris4 ,copley1 #bae2 his solemn obligation to ,chris4 ,copley1 #baf2 names his 8water-work10 #baf2 letter to ,secretary ,thurloe1 #bag2 desires an interview with ,cromwell1 #bah2 probable meaning of his letter1 #bah1bai1bbj2 letter to the ,earl of ,lotherdale1 #bbc2 promises him an ingeniously contrived box1 #bbc2 his humour not to produce an invention a second time1 #bbc2 looks for an ,act of ,parliament1 #bbc2 offers his lordship the benefit of #ejj 7share71 #bbc2 his 8definition10 #bbd1bbe2 earliest distinct reference1 #bbe2 his wonderful inventive faculty1 #bbe2 his son resident at ,badminton1 #bbf2 letter of explanations to ,lord ,clarendon1 #bbg2 exposed himself to 8any expense or difficulty10 #bbg2 object to screen ,charles ,i41 #bbh2 the 8amplitude of his commission10 #bbh2 the 8height of his ,majesty's design10 #bbh2 immense army arrangements1 #bbh2 #cj1jjj from the ,pope and ,catholic ,princes1 #bbh2 the signing and sealing1 #bbi2 no use made by him of his great powers1 #bbi2 his petition in respect to grants and promises made by ,charles ,i41 to his father and himself1 to recommend the same to the notice of ,parliament1 #bcj2 circular note to creditors1 #bca2 his prospects at the ,restoration1 #bcd2 sketch of his character and that of ,charles ,,ii41 #bcd2 political enemies1 #bce2 offer of ,worcester ,house to ,lord ,clarendon1 #bce2 seeks his friendship1 #bcf2 refers to the 8obnoxiousness of his religion10 #bcf2 intimates his desire to make a secret communication to the ,king1 in his lordship's presence1 #bcg2 conjecture as to his meaning1 #bcg1bch2 he petitions the ,house of ,lords1 #bch2 restoration of his estates ordered1 #bch2 deeds and writings1 his property1 ordered to be given up1 #bch2 ,ann ,tisser's purchase1 #bci2 his ,patent1 a prejudice to the ,peers1 #bci2 ,lords' committee to consider1 #bdj2 acknowledges a patent to create him ,duke of ,somerset1 #bdj2 delivers up his patent1 #bdb2 reflections on the treatment he receives1 #bdb2 retained the titles of ,earl of ,glamorgan and ,baron ,beaufort1 #bdc2 attends the ,house of ,lords1 #bdc2 present when the king prorogues parliament1 #bdd2 petition in respect to debts1 #bde2 bill to restore his estates1 #bde2 encumbered1 #bdf2 petitioners against him1 #bdf2 magnitude of his claims1 #bdg2 his patent for four inventions1 #bdh2 further inventions1 #bdi2 his letter in testimony of ,captain ,foster's character1 #bej2 a second letter1 #bea2 8my six years' experience of him during my imprisonment in the ,tower10 #bea2 period of his own imprisonment considered1 #beb2 the pot-lid story exploded1 #beb2 ,act for his water-commanding engine1 and he attends the ,house1 #bec1bed1bef1bef2 passed1 #bef2 surrenders a warrant to the value of #dj1jjj1 #beg2 and note1 #beg2 may have resided at ,vauxhall1 #bfa2 noticed by ,sorbire1 #bfd2 his secresy in regard to works1 #bff2 reported to be buying ,vauxhall1 #beg2 at ,vauxhall1 #bfh2 ,duke of ,albemarle represents his case1 #bfi2 his petition to ,charles ,,ii4 #bfi2 another1 in respect to ,henry and ,john ,hall1 #bga2 ,finch's report1 #bgc2 case as respects ,john ,hall1 #bgc2 offers a gratuity of #ejj per annum1 #bge2 seeks to set up an engine1 #bgf2 offers a judgment in lieu of preceding gratuity1 #bgf2 a draft letter1 #bgg2 ,mazarine's remark1 #bha2 ,queen ,dowager's saying1 #bha2 borrows #bjj1 #bha2 petitions for a ,committee of ,inquiry1 #bhc2 his autograph1 #bhc2 referred1 #bhd2 censures ,lord ,arlington1 #bhd2 could have #ej1jjj yearly abroad1 #bhd2 he does 8as good as want bread10 #bhe2 his birth-right1 #bhe2 foreign censure1 #bhe2 speaks of two petitions unnoticed1 #bhe2 petition in respect to ,vauxhall1 #bhf2 #ej1jjj expended in experiments1 #bhf2 survey of land and works at ,vauxhall1 #bhi-ia2 his working-house or ,operatory1 #bia2 his ,act1 and posting bills1 #bia2 his anomalous position as an inventor1 #bic2 alludes to his melancholy1 #bid2 neglected by1 yet clings to the court1 #bie2 his death1 #bie2 probably at ,lambeth1 #bie2 buried at ,raglan1 and inscription1 #bie2 his arms and funeral certificate1 #bih-cjj2 mis-statement about his burial1 note1 #bih2 his prayer on beholding the completion of his engine1 #cjj2 brief genealogical retrospect1 #cji1caj2 in his youth1 #caa2 his marriage1 #caa2 the civil war1 #caa2 as ,earl of ,glamorgan1 #cab2 valuable present from the ,queen while he was an exile in ,france1 #cac2 his 8,century10 #cad2 his inventions and experiments1 #cae2 his public appeal1 #caf2 list of five inventions1 #caf2 a further list1 #cag2 ,cromwell allows him #c per week1 #cag2 statement of his expenses and losses through ,charles ,i41 #cai2 spent and lost #hjj1jjj1 #cba2 proposes a troop of ,life-guards1 #cbb2 an ordinary for indigent officers1 #cbd2 four causeways1 #cbe2 offer of #ajjj for repairing ,st4 ,paul's1 #cbe1cbf2 his troop of ,life-guards1 #cbh1cbi2 his father's remark thereon1 #cbi2 took leave of the ,parliament 7#afda71 #cca2 writes a sentence in cipher1 #ccc2 troops at ,gloucester1 #ccc2 summary of his proposed address1 #cce2 its date1 #cce2 his estimate of the value of the ,engine1 #cch2 made it public1 #cch2 his great acquired knowledge1 #cdj2 his promised work1 #cda2 neglected by contemporaries1 #cda2 general estimate of his character and his 8,century10 #cdb2 early list of his inventions1 ,appendix ,a42 his ,patent for inventions1 ,appendix ,b2 his 8,definition and ,act10 ,appendix ,c42 apocryphal passages relating to1 ,appendix ,h42 ,petitions1 etc41 of #affe1 ,appendix ,i4 ,,worcester1 ,,henry1 ,earl and #ast ,marquis of1 his reported marriage1 #a2 sent to a christening1 #b2 letters about his marriage1 #b2 preparations for his marriage at ,blackfriars1 #b2 a memorable masque1 #c2 feast1 #c2 ceremony1 #c1d2 ,lord and ,lady ,herbert at court1 #d2 his age1 #f2 summoned to ,parliament1 #g2 resident in ,london1 #h2 his family1 #i2 his character and constitution1 #i2 family at ,raglan1 #i2 his autograph1 #aj2 at forty-eight years of age1 #ab2 letter from ,secretary ,coke1 #bc2 his son and heir1 #bc2 death of his wife1 #ca2 letter from ,charles ,i41 #cb2 munificent advances to the ,king1 #cd2 created ,marquis of ,worcester1 #cg2 his age1 #cg2 person1 age and wealth1 #cg2 noticed by ,parliament1 #ch2 order to consider his commission1 #ch2 guard set on his house1 #ci2 letter from ,charles ,i4 #dj2 sends the ,king #e1jjj to ,newstead1 #db2 the ,king 8hopes he shall not die in his debt10 #db2 ,parliamentary order to disarm him1 #dc2 ordered to appear before the ,house1 #dc2 ,raglan ,castle garrisoned1 #dc2 message of ,charles ,i4 to him1 as reported by ,lord ,herbert1 from ,northampton1 #dd1de1df2 the ,marquis' character1 #bh2 ,raglan ,castle described1 #dh1ea1eb1ec2 warlike preparations1 #ec2 his wealth1 #ed2 his horses and stables1 #ed2 early rumours against him1 #ee2 ,lord ,herbert obtains troops and stores1 #eg2 certain loans to ,charles ,i41 #eh1ei2 ,lord ,herbert leaves ,london for ,raglan1 #ei2 summoned to appear before ,parliament1 #fa2 ,monmouth mostly the ,marquis's tenants1 #fc2 calls in the aid of ,prince ,rupert to assist ,monmouth1 #fc2 letter from ,charles ,i41 #afdc1 #fd2 promise of title 7of ,duke71 #fd2 ,prince ,rupert's warrant1 #fe1ff2 he saves ,monmouth1 #ff2 it belongs to him of inheritance1 #ff2 supplies the ,marquis of ,hertford with recruits1 #fg2 furnishes the ,king with soldiers at ,edge-hill1 #fg2 ,charles ,i4 acknowledges #bej1jjj1 #gd2 sixty-three years of age1 #ie2 marriage of his daughter ,elizabeth1 #ig2 a masque and mock marriage for entertainment1 #ig1ih1ii1ajj2 practical joke on searchers for arms1 #ajj1aja2 reproof to ,lord ,herbert1 #aja1ajb2 letter from ,charles ,i41 #ajb2 promise of the ,garter1 #ajc2 another letter1 #ajc2 enclosing a warrant to create him ,duke of ,somerset1 #ajc2 8a match propounded for his grandchild10 #ajc2 visited by ,charles ,i4 #ajd2 his reception1 #aje2 his free discourse with the ,king1 #ajf-h2 characteristic dinner incident1 #ajh1aji2 reproves ,lord ,herbert for procuring the ,king #f1jjj1 deposited with his son1 ,lord ,john ,somerset1 #aji2 apartments at ,raglan1 #adj2 his great state1 #adj2 order of his household1 #adj-adb2 a message from ,charles ,i4 by the hand of ,allen ,boteler1 #adb2 ,boteler's tedious journey1 #adc2 and arrival at ,raglan1 #add2 harsh reception1 #add2 interview with the ,marquis1 #add1ade2 the ,marquis's sharp reply to ,boteler1 concerning ,charles ,i41 #ade2 the messenger delayed1 #ade2 ,boteler's despatches and return1 #adf1adg2 his strong and sincerely expressed feeling on the ,king's treatment of himself and his son1 #adh2 his angry reception of the ,king's messenger1 #adh1adi2 the siege of ,raglan castle1 #adi2 anecdote during the siege1 #aej2 summons from ,general ,fairfax1 #aea2 numerous messages pass1 #aea2 requires the ,king's approval1 #aea2 conditions offered1 #aea2 a drum sent out1 #aeb2 a cessation of arms1 #aeb2 the castle in jeopardy1 #aeb2 concludes terms for surrender of his castle1 #aeb1aec2 he leaves with his family1 friends1 retainers1 and others1 #aec1aed2 removed to ,covent ,garden1 in charge of the ,black ,rod1 #aed2 his death four months after1 #aee2 his funeral expenses1 #aee2 ,parliamentary order to destroy ,raglan ,castle1 #aef2 lands of1 #bja2 a ,penitent of the ,society of ,jesuits1 #bcb4 ,,worcester1 ,,anne1 ,countess of1 her death1 #ca4 ,,worcester1 ,countess of--see ,marchioness of ,worcester4 ,,worcester1 ,,margaret1 ,marchioness of1 a pass granted her to ,france1 as 8,lady ,herbert10 #ahg2 meets ,ormond in ,paris1 her ill-timed resentment1 #ahh2 petition in respect of ,worcester ,house and property1 #aid2 her peculiar situation politically1 #aie2 report on her ,petition1 #aie2 ,bill for settling ,worcester ,house1 #aie2 the same1 #aif2 possession to be granted1 #aig2 sum to be paid1 #aig2 referred to a ,committee1 #aig2 report1 #aih2 order to pay her #f per week1 #aih2 has rooms in ,worcester ,house1 #aii2 an ,act for settling ,worcester ,house on her1 #aii2 order for payment of her pension1 #aii2 order to give up the house1 #aii2 her petition respecting her husband's imprisonment1 #bab2 draft petition1 #bbb2 petitions against undermining ,worcester ,house1 #bce2 petition in respect to1 #bhg1bhh2 ,john ,hall1 #bhh2 petition ordered to be represented1 #bhi2 named1 #cjj2 residing at ,lincoln's ,inn ,fields1 #cjc2 letter from her confessor1 #cjc2 ,wm4 ,travers's letter to1 ,appendix ,d4 ,,worcester ,,house1 noticed and sketched1 #h1aj2 death of ,lady ,herbert there1 #bb1bc2 residence there1 #bf2 guard set on1 #ci2 account of it1 #aib2 iron seized there to be sold1 #aib2 used by the ,parliament1 #aic2 soldiery lodged there1 #aid2 its disposal ordered1 #aid2 rooms given to the ,marchioness of ,worcester1 #aii2 to be examined1 #aii2 an ,act for settling1 #aii2 possession ordered1 #aii2 conveyance in trust1 #bjj2 christening at1 #bib2 petition in respect to1 #bhg4 ,y4 ,,york1 ,charles ,i4 at1 #eh1ei4 ,,printed ,,by ,g4 ,,norman1 ,,maiden ,,lane1 ,,covent ,,garden4 ,,errata4 ,page #ch1 #ag lines from top1 for 8#bi ,june0 read 8#bi ,jan40 #aag1 #c lines from top1 for 8,edge-hill0 read 8,marston ,moor40 #abj1 #af lines from bottom1 for 8,baron0 read 8,brown40 #aj lines from bottom1 same correction4 #ade1 #b lines from bottom1 for 8or siding0 read 8for siding40 #aee1 #ad lines from bottom1 for 8,william0 read 8,charles40 #afh1 #agb1 #age1agg1 last line1 note1 for date 8#afcg10 read 8#afeg10 throughout4 #ahg1 #ad lines from top1 dele 8,from0 c41 ending 8,france40 #baj1 last line1 note1 place before 8,brit4 ,mus40 c4 #bbb1 #c lines from top1 for 8,coining0 read 8,stamping40 #bdi1 #d lines from bottom1 for 8,b0 read 8,a40 #bec1 #e lines from bottom1 add 8,marquis10 after 8,edward40 #bfj1 #ab lines from top1 add note 8,cal4 ,state ,papers1 ,dom4 ,series1 #affc-fd1 edited by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,green1 #hvo4 #ahfb40 #cad1 #ae lines from top1 for 8three0 read 8two40 #af lines from top1 for 8five0 read 8six40 #ah lines from top1 for 8of0 read 8following40 #cbj1 #d lines from bottom1 for 8other by0 read 8other my40 #cbb1 #f lines from bottom1 after 8,meistres10 add 8,reistres80 #cdg1 #ae lines from bottom1 for 8his0 read 8is40 #dfb1 #ae lines from bottom1 for 8of0 read 8wrote to40 #dhd1 #f lines from bottom1 dele 8from the bottom in order to discharge it again at the top10 and substitute1 8which convey the steam by turns1 to the vessel ,d40 ,,transcriber's ,,note3 ,as most of the illustrations are without any caption text1 instead of just using ,illustration the caption has been taken from the printed ,,list ,,of ,,engravings instead4 ,in the few examples where a caption was printed this follows underneath1 e4g4 ,illustration3 ,baynard's ,castle1 from ,newcourt's ancient ,map of ,london1 #afeh ,,bird',s-,,eye ,,view ,,from ,,map ,,of ,,london1 #afeh4 ,the original uses some characters for contridiction and truncation that can not be represented in this document4 ,for example letter p followed by a symbol like a inverted ,g on its side as supscript then nt followed by a symbol like a large italic letter e abbreviates the word presents4 ,the final symbol also occurs in the words products and thoughts with the final s being replaced by a symbol like a large italic letter e4 ,apart from the ordinal indicator applied to some dates e4g4 #ae all other superscript e4g4 #bfth or the final letters of some words e4g4 the e of ye are not indicated in any special way4 ,there are also some letters with tilde and macrons1 which may or may not display correctly depending on the viewing device and_/or font chosen1 examples follow ,invencons1 tilde above letter c1 ,ma1 macron above letter i1 7runing away7 macron above first letter n4 ,changes from the printed ,errata have been applied4 ,the following typos are corrected in this e-text and are shown within the text as replaced by4 7fnfootnote7 ,original ,replaced by ,page #g ,shakspere ,shakespeare ,page #ca ,lenthal ,lenthall ,page #ei being ,lord-,lieutenant1 being ,lord ,lieutenant1 ,page #fd fn ,no4 #ah1ihj1 vol4 i4' ,no4 #ah1ihj1 vol4 i40 ,page #fg fn ,see ,chapter ,,xix1 ,see ,chapter ,,xviii1 ,page #ib unreferenced footnote ,we have next--,m ,page #aji there before4'0#bc there before40#bc ,page #aba my conscience407 my conscience470 ,page #abf expedition may he used4 expedition may be used4 ,page #aic passed by the ,commons#e passed by the ,commons#eg ,page #bjc ,,westmoreland4 ,,westmorland4 ,page #bdj ,marq4 of ,dorcester4 ,marq4 of ,dorchester4 ,page #bdd ,feburary ,february ,page #bde ,feburary ,february ,page #bee fn ,jo4 ,h4 of ,com4 ,vol4 ,jo4 ,h4 of ,com4 ,vol4 viii4 p4 #dgd1 #dgf4 viii4 p4 #dge1 #dgf4 ,page #bha this well-born person20 this well-born person2' ,page #bhi ,arundell kept alternative spelling ,page #bid to laugh at it60 8to laugh at it60 ,page #bih ,wedensday kept alternative spelling ,page #bii ,arundell kept alternative spelling ,page #bii 7,sister to ,arthur ,earle 7,sister to ,arthur ,earle of ,essex1 c4 7 of ,essex1 c47 ,page #bii ,henry ,howard1 ,thomas ,henry ,howard1 ,thomas1 ,elizabeth and ,elizabeth and ,page #cag fn and the #bast of ,angust and the #bast of ,august ,page #cdh them in practice4 them in practice40 ,page #cdi geuius genius ,page #cfb ecstacy kept alternative spelling ,page #cfb 8sundry sorts of engynes4 8sundry sorts of engynes40 ,page #cfe fn secure rom danger secure from danger ,page #cgb enterprize kept alternative spelling ,page #djb ,cornelius ,dreble kept alternative spelling ,page #djb ,cornelius ,drebell kept alternative spelling ,page #daf fn confess to have seen4 #d confess to have seen4 ,page #dbe the the the ,page #dcb fn or ,welchman #g or ,welchman ,page #dcc 8,le ,caractere universel1 8,le ,caractre universel1 ,page #dci 8rose pipe but paper thick0 kept unhypenated words ,page #ddc extemely kept alternative spelling ,page #ddc chararcter kept alternative spelling ,page #ddf the tobacco-tongs10 the 8tobacco-tongs10 ,page #dgd guage kept alternative spelling ,page #dgi desribes kept alternative spelling ,page #dha with a squirt squirt sicseen also in facsimile of ,mathematical ,recreations7#afec7 ,page #dig the #beth of ,july #afih1 the #beth of ,july #afih1 to the #adth of ,june #affi1 to the #adth of ,june #afii1 ,page #ejg of of of ,page #eji no less admirable then no less admirable than the engines the engines ,page #ebh and shooting4 and shooting40 ,page #eej-b ,description of placed after the illustration as footnote illustration not at the end of chapter ,page #edj ,see ,appendix4 ,see ,appendix ,c4 ,page #efj ,water commanding ,engine ,water-commanding ,engine ,page #efe ,device or ,invention1 ther sic is what appears for ther raising in the original referenced document ,page #egc twentith kept alternative spelling ,page #egc ,marquiss kept alternative spelling ,page #egd 7,surry7 kept alternative spelling ,page #eha two unreferenced #gbgb99 footnotes ,the ,editor ,page #ehd effets mchaniques effets mcaniques ,page #ehd reconnaisance reconnaissance ,page #ehd ouvres uvres ,page #ehd bonts bonts ,page #ehd fn institul intitul ,page #ehg ,p4 #ahi1 ,no4 #bg4 ,p4 #ahi1 ,no4 #bg4 ,page #eib distillatory apparatus47 distillatory apparatus4 ,page #eic der ,wasser-,kunste der ,wasser-,knste ,page #eic ---- #d4 ,pontificiale4 ---- #e4 ,pontificiale4 ,page #eid ,examen du ,livre des ,examen du ,livre des ,recreations ,mathematiques1 ,recrations ,mathmatiques1 et de ses problemes en et de ses problmes en ,geometrie1 ,mechanique1 ,gomtrie1 ,mechanique1 ,optique1 and ,catoptrique1 ,optique1 and ,catoptrique1 c4 ,and at the end ,notes c4 ,and at the end ,notes sur les ,recreations sur les ,recreations ,mathematiques mathmatiques ,page #eid ,pont-a-,moussou ,pont-a-,mousson ,page #eie ,nurnberg ,nrnberg ,page #eif ,aelianus lianus ,page #eih ,apophthegme kept alternative spelling ,page #eii in 8,bibliotheca in 8,bibliotheca ,gloucestrensis4 ,gloucestrensis40 ,page #fjj ,bryan1 ,k4 ,b4 ,with ,bryan1 ,k4 ,b47 ,with ,page #fje ,,candles1 a brass mould ,,candles1 a brass mould for1 #ead1 #aae4 for1 #ead1 #eae4 ,page #fji a model o his a model of his ,page #faf ,glamogan's ,glamorgan's ,page #fah ,water commanding engine ,water-commanding engine ,page #fai ,,shakespere ,,shakespeare ,page #fba continental tour1 #h2 continental tour1 #ah2 ,page #fba domestic and studious domestic and studious babits1 #ah2 habits1 #ah2 ,the following minor typographical errors have been corrected without specific mention3-- ,in the references1 a missing full stop1 or dash between two dates1 or a single quote where a double quote should be4 ,in a list of names1 or descriptions where one is missing a full stop1 and all the rest do have full stops4