,,transcriber',s ,,note ,italic text is denoted by underscores4 ,bold text is denoted by equal signs4 ,obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources4 ,footnotes have been moved to the end of the book text1 and before the publisher's ,book ,catalog4 ,some ,footnotes are very long4 ,the #c-star asterism symbol in the ,catalog is denoted by 9999994 ,more detail can be found at the end of the book4 ,,hogarth',s ,,works3 ,,with ,,life ,,and ,,anecdotal ,,descriptions ,,of ,,his ,,pictures4 ,,first ,,series4 ,illustration3 ,,william ,,hogarth ,,his ,,dog ,,trump4 ,,hogarth',s ,,works3 ,,with ,,life ,,and ,,anecdotal ,,descriptions ,,of ,,his ,,pictures4 ,,by ,,john ,,ireland ,,and ,,john ,,nichols1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,illustration3 7publisher's colophon7 ,,the ,,whole ,,of ,,the ,,plates ,,reduced ,,in ,,exact ,,fac-,,simile ,,of ,,the ,,originals4 ,first ,series4 ,london ,,chatto ,,and ,,windus1 ,,publishers4 7,,successors ,,to ,,john ,,camden ,,hotten47 ,,list ,,of ,,plates ,,described ,,in ,,the ,,first ,,series4 ,,page ,,portrait ,,of ,,william ,,hogarth1 ,,with ,,his ,,dog ,,trump1 ,frontispiece ,,full-,,length ,,portrait ,,of ,,william ,,hogarth1 ,,by ,,himself1 ,,engaged ,,in ,,painting ,,the ,,comic ,,muse1 #ah ,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,the ,,pictures1 #dd ,,analysis ,,of ,,beauty-- ,,plate ,i41 #fj ,,plate ,,ii41 #fd ,,sigismunda1 #gf ,,time ,,smoking ,a ,,picture1 #hj ,,the ,,harlot',s ,,progress-- ,,plate ,i4 ,at the ,bell ,inn1 in ,wood ,street--,mary ,hackabout and the ,procuress1 #ajb ,,plate ,,ii4 ,the ,jew's ,mistress quarrelling with her ,keeper1 #ajf ,,plate ,,iii4 ,the ,lodging in ,drury ,lane--,visit of the ,constables1 #aaj ,,plate ,,iv4 ,mary ,hackabout beating ,hemp in ,bridewell1 #aab ,,plate ,v4 ,the ,harlot's ,death--,quacks ,disputing1 #aad ,,plate ,,vi4 ,the ,funeral1 #aah ,,the ,,rake',s ,,progress-- ,,plate ,i4 ,tom ,rakewell taking possession of the rich ,miser's effects1 #abd ,,plate ,,ii4 ,the young ,squire's ,levee1 #abh ,,plate ,,iii4 ,the ,night ,house1 #acb ,,plate ,,iv4 ,the ,spendthrift arrested for ,debt--,released by his forsaken ,sweetheart1 #acf ,,plate ,v4 ,marylebone ,church--,rakewell married to a ,shrew1 #adj ,,plate ,,vi4 ,the ,fire at the ,gambling ,hell1 #add ,,plate ,,vii4 ,the ,fleet ,prison1 #adh ,,plate ,,viii4 ,the ,madhouse--,the ,faithful ,friend1 #aed ,,southwark ,,fair1 #afb ,a ,,midnight ,,modern ,,conversation1 #ahd ,,the ,,sleeping ,,congregation1 #aib ,,the ,,distressed ,,poet1 #bjj ,,the ,,enraged ,,musician1 #bjf ,,the ,,four ,,times ,,of ,,the ,,day-- ,,morning4 ,miss ,bridget ,alworthy on her way to ,church1 #baf ,,noon4 ,a ,motley ,congregation leaving ,service1 #bbb ,,evening4 ,the ,shrew and her ,husband going home--,by the ,new ,river at ,islington1 #bbf ,,night4 ,the ,drunken ,freemason taken care of by the ,waiter at the ,rummer ,tavern1 #bcj ,,strolling ,,actresses ,,dressing ,,in ,a ,,barn1 #bdj ,,mr4 ,,garrick ,,in ,,the ,,character ,,of ,,richard ,,the ,,third1 #bee ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness-- ,,plate ,i4 ,the ,fellow-apprentices1 ,thomas ,goodchild and ,thomas ,idle1 at their ,looms1 #bgj ,,plate ,,ii4 ,the ,industrious ,apprentice performing the duty of a ,christian1 #bgb ,,plate ,,iii4 ,the ,idle ,apprentice at play in the ,churchyard during ,divine ,service1 #bgd ,,plate ,,iv4 ,the ,industrious ,apprentice a favourite1 and trusted by his ,master1 #bgf ,,plate ,v4 ,the ,idle ,apprentice turned away and sent to sea1 #bgh ,,plate ,,vi4 ,the ,industrious ,apprentice out of his time1 and married to his ,master's ,daughter1 #bhj ,,plate ,,vii4 ,the ,idle ,apprentice returned from sea1 and in a ,garret with a ,common ,prostitute1 #bhb ,,plate ,,viii4 ,the ,industrious ,apprentice grown rich1 and ,sheriff of ,london1 #bhd ,,plate ,,ix4 ,the ,idle ,apprentice betrayed by a ,prostitute1 and taken in a ,night-cellar with his ,accomplice1 #bhf ,,plate ,x4 ,the ,industrious ,apprentice ,alderman of ,london--,the ,idle one brought before him and impeached by his ,accomplice1 #bhh ,,plate ,,xi4 ,the ,idle ,apprentice ,executed at ,tyburn1 #bij ,,plate ,,xii4 ,the ,industrious ,apprentice ,lord ,mayor of ,london1 #bib ,,roast ,,beef ,,at ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,calais1 #bih ,,the ,,country ,,inn ,,yard--,,preparing ,,to ,,start ,,the ,,coach1 #cjf ,,preface ,,to ,,the ,,new ,,edition4 ,it is a singular fact1 that1 notwithstanding the enormous popularity enjoyed by ,hogarth in the minds of ,english people1 no perfectly popular edition has been hitherto brought before the public4 ,were a foreigner to ask an ordinary ,briton who was the most thoroughly national painter in the roll of ,english artists1 the answer would be undoubtedly ,william ,hogarth2 but the chances are that our countryman would not have at command a tangible proof that his statement was correct4 ,such editions as have hitherto appeared have been either expensive or unsatisfactory1--even the handsome and costly volume by ,nichols is far from complete4 ,to supply the want1 the present issue has been projected4 ,the illustrative text of ,ireland--undoubtedly the best in existence--has been given in full1 and is supplemented by addenda from the works of ,nichols4 ,the three volumes form certainly the most complete gallery of ,hogarth's drawings yet given to the public4 ,the rapid progress of science has provided means by which the pictures have been reduced from their original size to the compact form of this page2 while1 at the same time1 the most perfect truthfulness has been preserved4 ,hogarth is essentially ,english--brave1 straight-forward1 manly2 never pandering to fashion or fancy4 ,when he had to deal with sin and misery1 he met them full in the face1 bating no whit of their repulsiveness2 and in all his works1 wherever a moral is to be drawn1 it is a noble and a healthy one4 ,in his merry moods he is irresistibly comic2 when he stands forward as a censor of morals1 he is terrible in his truth2 when he creates a character1 it is always human and complete1--a true reflex of the age in which he lived4 ,times may change1 and costumes1 but humanity remains much the same4 ,take any series of the splendid list1 and the people who crowd the canvas live and move amongst us with different names and other attire4 ,such suggestive cognomens as ,mary ,hackabout are not in use2 nor do procuresses haunt such localities as ,wood ,street in pursuit of their vile calling4 ,the course of fashion1 as of empire1 has taken its way westward2 but the whole story of the ,harlot's ,progress is as fresh and as applicable to a season in #ahgc as it was a hundred and forty years before4 ,have we not ,tom ,rakewells in scores among us2 and had ,hogarth been living now1 would he not have interpolated another picture of the degradation attained by the spendthrift when he enters the employment of the moneylender as a decoy to poor flies such as he was himself at the beginning of the chapter8 ,the function of the satirist is still needed1 and there is no danger of the works of ,william ,hogarth proving to be out of date4 ,probably no artist ever told stories so well2 certainly no one ever acquired such a reputation1 and there is no reason why his splendid monuments should be found only in the libraries of the wealthy4 ,every one should know something of him besides his moral lessons1 since1 of all the moral lessons he ever taught1 his life formed the most pointed4 ,fearlessness and honesty were his watchwords from his early career of art1 after being released from the silversmith's apprenticeship in #agbj until the day of his death in #agfd1 when he retired from mundane existence full of years and honours4 ,as ,ireland declares him to have asserted1 his drawings were meant for the crowd rather than for the critics2 and with that intention his book was commenced1 the original design being to comprise in one volume a moral and analytical description of seventy-eight prints2 but as the work advanced1 such an amount of anecdote and illustrative comment suggested itself1 that he was compelled to adopt the three-volume form which is here followed1 with the further addition to which we have alluded1 of such a full description and reproduction as the original compiler1 from accident or design1 omitted4 ,these will be found in the third volume1 and include many of the most important and meritorious works of the great artist4 ,it has been found advisable to change the ornamental and sometimes indistinct lettering of the original plates1 and to adopt a consistent and uniform style of titles4 ,at the same time the elaborate catalogue compiled by ,ireland is preserved1 since it is still highly valuable as a chronological list of every effort of ,hogarth's hand1 although it would be folly to attempt a reproduction of every variation it contains4 ,the system pursued by ,ireland and ,nichols is followed1 and the ,publishers venture to congratulate themselves on submitting to the notice of the artistic and literary world1 as well as to the public generally1 the best and cheapest edition of ,hogarth's complete works ever brought forward4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,introduction4 ,mr4 ,hogarth frequently asserted that no man was so ill qualified to form a true judgment of pictures as the professed connoisseur2 whose taste being originally formed upon imitations1 and confined to the manners of ,masters1 had seldom any reference to ,nature4 ,under this conviction1 his subjects were selected for the crowd rather than the critic2#a and explained in that universal language common to the world1 rather than in the lingua technica of the arts1 which is sacred to the scientific4 ,without presuming to support his hypothesis1 ,i have endeavoured to follow his example4 ,my original design was to have comprised in one volume a moral and analytical description of seventy-eight prints2 but as the work advanced1 such variety of anecdote and long train of et cetera clung to the narrative1 that these limits were found too narrow4 ,with the explanation of fifteen additional plates1 the letterpress has expanded to near seven hundred pages4 ,where the artist has been made a victim to poetical or political prejudice1 without meaning to be his panegyrist1 ,i have endeavoured to rescue his memory from unmerited obloquy4 ,where his works have been misconceived or misrepresented1 ,i have attempted the true reading4 ,in my essay at an illustration of the prints1 with a description of what ,i conceive the comic and moral tendency of each1 there is the best information ,i could procure concerning the relative circumstances1 occasionally interspersed with such desultory conversation as frequently occurred in turning over a volume of his prints4 ,though the notes may not always have an immediate relation to the engravings1 ,i hope they will seldom be found wholly unconnected with the subjects4 ,such mottoes as were engraven on the plates are inserted2 but where a print has been published without any inscription1 ,i have either selected or written one4 ,errors in either parody or verse with the signature ,e1 being written by the editor1 are submitted to that tribunal from whose candour he hopes pardon for every mistake or inaccuracy which may be found in these volumes4 ,,hogarth4 ,,anecdotes ,,of ,,an ,,artist4 ,by heaven1 and not a master1 taught4 ,illustration3 ,,portrait ,,of ,,hogarth ,,painting ,,the ,,comic ,,muse4 ,when ,leonardo da ,vinci lay upon his death-bed1 ,francis the ,first1 actuated by that instinctive reverence which great minds invariably feel for each other1 visited him in his chamber4 ,an attendant informing the painter that the king was come to inquire after his health1 he raised himself from the pillow1 a lambent gleam of gratitude for the honour lighted up his eyes1 and he made an effort to speak4 ,the exertion was too much2 he fell back2 and ,francis stooping to support him1 this great artist expired in his arms4 ,affected with the awful catastrophe1 the king heaved a sigh of sympathetic sorrow1 and left the bed-chamber in tears4 ,he was immediately surrounded by a crowd of those kind-hearted nobles who delight in soothing the sorrows of a sovereign2 and one of them entreating him not to indulge his grief1 added1 as a consolatory reflection1 ,consider1 sire1 this man was but a painter4 ,i do1 replied the monarch2 and ,i at the same time consider1 that though1 as a king1 ,i could make a thousand such as you1 the ,deity alone can make such a painter as ,leonardo da ,vinci4 ,shall ,i be permitted to adopt this remark1 and1 without any diminution of the ,italian's well-earned fame1 assert that the eulogy is equally appropriate to the ,englishman whose name is at the head of this chapter2 for he was not the follower1 but the leader of a class1 and became a painter from divine impulse rather than human instruction4 ,the biographers who have written of artists1 especially if the hero of their history was of the ,dutch school1 generally began by informing us that he received the rudiments of his art from the great ,van ,a--1 who was a pupil of the divine ,van ,b--1 first the disciple1 and afterwards the rival1 of the immortal and never enough to be admired ,vander ,c4 ,this palette pedigree was not the boast of ,william ,hogarth2 he was the pupil1--the disciple1--the worshipper of nature6 ,i do not learn that his family either obtained a grant of lands from our first ,william1 or flourished before the ,conquest2 but from ,burn's ,history of ,westmoreland1 it appears that his grandfather was an honest yeoman1 the inhabitant of a small tenement in the vale of ,bampton1 a village fifteen miles north of ,kendal1 and had three sons4 ,the eldest1 in conformity to ancient custom1 succeeded to the title1 honour1 and estate of his father1 became a yeoman of ,bampton1 and proprietor of the family freehold4 ,the second was not endowed with either land or beeves1 but had in their stead a large portion of broad humour and wild original genius4 ,like his nephew1 he grasped the whip of satire2 and though his lash was not twisted with much skill1 nor brandished with much grace1 it was probably felt by those on whom his strokes were inflicted1 more than would one of the most exquisite workmanship4 ,he was the ,shakspeare of his village1 and his dramas were the delight of the country2 though1 being written by an uneducated yeoman1 it may naturally be supposed they were sufficiently coarse4 ,mr4 ,nichols1 in his ,anecdotes1 tells us that he has seen a whole bundle of them1 and want of grammar1 metre1 sense1 and decency is their invariable characteristic4 ,this may possibly be true1 for in refinement ,westmoreland was many1 many years behind the capital2 and our libraries contain sundrie black-letter proofs that those pithie1 pleasaunte1 and merrie comedies1 which in the same century were enacted by the ,kingis servantes with universal applause1 had similar wants2 notwithstanding which1 these unalloyed chronicles of our ancestors' dulness are now purchased at a price considerably higher than virgin gold4 ,let it not from hence be imagined that ,i mean to sanction one folly by the mention of another2 but as every human production is relative1 if auld ,hogarth1 under the circumstances he wrote1 was the admiration of his neighbours1 we may fairly infer that his talents1 properly cultivated1 would1 in a more polished situation1 have ensured him the admiration of his contemporaries4#b ,richard was the third son1 and seems to have been intended for a scholar1--the scholar of his family6--for he was educated at ,st4 ,bees1 in ,westmoreland1 and afterward kept a school in the same county4 ,of learning he had a portion more than sufficient for his office1 for he wrote a ,latin and ,english dictionary1 which still exists in ,,ms41 and one of his ,latin letters1 dated #afeg1 preserved in the ,british ,museum4 ,however well he might be qualified for a teacher1 he had few pupils2 and finding that his employment produced neither honour nor profit1 removed to ,london1 and in ,ship ,court1 ,old ,bailey1 renewed his profession4 ,it was fortunate for literature that ,doctor ,samuel ,johnson was not successful in an application for the place of a provincial schoolmaster4 ,it was fortunate for the arts that ,richard ,hogarth was not able to establish a village school1 in which situation he would probably have qualified his son ,william for his successor2 and those talents which were calculated to instruct1 astonish1 and reform a world1 might have been wasted in teaching some half a hundred of the young ,westmoreland gentry to scan verses by their fingers1 and call ,english things by ,latin names4 ,the fates ordained otherwise2 it was his destiny to marry and reside in ,london1 where were born unto him one son and two daughters4 ,the girls had such instructions as qualified them to keep a shop2 and the son1 who drew his first breath in this bustling world in the year #afig1 was author of the prints which1 copied in little1 form the basis and give the value to these volumes4 ,of his education we do not know much2 but as his father appears to have been a man of understanding1 ,i suppose it was sufficient for the situation in which he was intended to be placed4 ,that it was not more liberal1 might arise from the old man finding erudition answer little purpose to himself1 and knowing that in a mechanic employment it is rather a drawback than an assistance4 ,added to this1 ,i believe young ,hogarth had not much bias towards what has obtained the name of learning4 ,he must have been early attentive to the appearance of the passions1 and feeling a strong impulse to attempt their delineation1 left their names and derivations to the profound pedagogue1 the accurate grammarian1 or more sage and solemn lexicographer4 ,while these labourers in the forest of science dug for the root1 inquired into the circulation of the sap1 and planted brambles and birch round the tree of knowledge1 ,hogarth had an higher aim1--an ambition to display1 in the true tints of nature1 the rugged character of the bark1 the varied involutions of the branches1 and the minute fibres of the leaves4 ,the first notices of his prints were written in ,french1 by a ,swiss named ,rouquet1 who in #agdf published ,lettres de ,monsieur 99 99 un de ses ,amis ,paris1 pour lui expliquer les ,estampes de ,monsieur ,hogarth4#c ,this pamphlet describes the ,harlot's and ,rake's ,progress1 ,marriage la ,mode1 and ,march to ,finchley4 ,in the remarks1 there is great reason to believe ,rouquet was assisted by ,hogarth1 who long afterwards expressed an intention of having them translated and amplified4 ,from such a junction1 the reader will naturally expect this book to contain more information than he will find4 ,the second publication was by the ,reverend ,doctor ,trusler1 and extends farther than the preceding4 ,it was begun immediately after the artist's death1 is baptized ,hogarth ,moralized1 and interspersed with seventy-eight engravings1 printed on the same paper with the letterpress4 ,it contains two hundred pages1 built upon ,rouquet's pamphlet1 and the information he received from ,mrs4 ,hogarth1 who1 conceiving her property would be essentially injured by such a publication1 purchased the copyright4 ,as the ,doctor does not profess an intimate acquaintance with the arts1 and confines himself to morality6--,i hope and believe my work will not much clash with his4 ,of the artist and his prints1 we had no regular narrative until the appearance of ,mr4 ,walpole's ,anecdotes of ,painting1--a work in which refined taste and elegant diction gave rank and importance to a class of men whose history1 in the writings of preceding biographers1 exhibited little more than a catalogue of names1 or a dry uninteresting narrative of uninteresting events4 ,to the pen of this highly accomplished writer1 ,william ,hogarth owes a portion of his deserved celebrity2 for in near fifty pages devoted to his name1 we find the history of a great man's excellencies and errors written with the warmth of a friend and the fidelity of a chronologist4 ,with the first tolerably complete catalogue of his works1 there was such remarks upon their meaning and tendency1 as have given the artist a new character2 for though his superlative merit secured him admiration from the few who were able to judge1 he was considered by the crowd as a mere caricaturist1 whose only aim was to burlesque whatever he represented4 ,the ,reverend ,mr4 ,gilpin1 in his valuable ,essay on ,prints1 has made some observations on one series by ,hogarth4 ,the remarks were evidently written in haste2 and though in a few instances ,i cannot coincide with a gentleman for whose worth and talents ,i have the most unfeigned respect1 ,i am convinced that the candour of the ,vicar of ,boldre will forgive the freedom taken with the critic on the ,rake's ,progress4 ,in #agha1 ,mr4 ,nichols published his ,anecdotes1 which since that time have been considerably enlarged4 ,this work contains much useful information relative to the artist2 and much monumental miscellany from the ,grub ,street ,journal1 and other ancient sources1 concerning his contemporaries1 that were it not there enniched1 would in all probability have sunk in dark and endless night4 ,where ,mr4 ,walpole and preceding writers threw a hair-line1 he cast the antiquarian drag-net1 and brought from the great deep a miraculous draught of aquatic monsters and web-footed animals1 that swam round the triumphal bark of ,william ,hogarth4 ,for the information which ,i received from his volume1 he has my best thanks2 where ,i depart from his authorities1 it is on the presumption that my own are better4 ,in many cases1 it is more than possible both of us are frequently mistaken4 ,in this ,i believe we agree1--that young ,hogarth had an early predilection for the arts1 and his future acquirements give us a right to suppose he must have studied the curious sculptures which adorned his father's spelling books1 though he neglected the letterpress2 and when he ought to have been storing his memory with the eight parts of speech1 was examining the allegorical apple-tree which decorates the grammar4 ,these first lines of nature inclined his father to place him with an engraver2 but workers in copper were not numerous1 neither did the demand for ,english prints warrant a certainty of any additional number obtaining constant employment4 ,engraving on plate seemed likely to afford a more permanent subsistence1 required some taste for drawing1 and had a remote alliance with the arts4 ,these reasons being seconded by his own inclination1 our juvenile satirist was apprenticed to ,mr4 ,ellis ,gamble1 who kept a silversmith's shop in ,cranbourn ,alley1 ,leicester ,fields4 ,this vendor of salvers and sauce-boats had in his own house two or three rare artisans1 whose employment was to engrave cyphers and armorial symbols1 not only on the articles their master sold1 but on any that he might have to mark from cunning workmen1 in silver or meaner metals4 ,in this branch he covenanted to instruct ,william ,hogarth1 who about the year #agab became a practical student in ,mr4 ,gamble's ,attic ,academy4 ,in this school of science1 we may fairly conjecture his first essays were the initials on tea-spoons2 he would next be taught the art and mystery of the double cypher1 where four letters in opposite directions are so skilfully interwoven1 that it requires almost an apprenticeship to learn the art of deciphering them4 ,having conquered his alphabet1 he ascended to the representation of those heraldic monsters which first grinned upon the shields of the holy army of crusaders1 and were from thence transferred to the massy tankards and ponderous two-handled cups of their stately descendants4 ,by copying this legion of hydras1 gorgons1 and chimeras dire1 he attained an early taste for the ridiculous2 and in the grotesque countenance of a baboon or a bear1 the cunning eye of a fox1 or the fierce front of a rampant lion1 traced the characteristic varieties of the human physiognomy4 ,he soon felt that the science which appertaineth unto the bearing of coat armour was not suited to his taste or talents2 and tired of the amphibious many-coloured brood that people the fields of heraldry1 listened to the voice of ,genius1 which whispered him to read the mind's construction in the face1--to study and delineate ,,man4 ,as the first token of his turn for the satirical1 it may be worth recording1 that while yet an apprentice1 when upon a sultry ,sunday he once made an excursion to ,highgate1 two or three of his companions and himself sought shelter and refreshment in one of those convenient caravanserais which so much abound in the vicinity of the metropolis4 ,in the same room were a party of thirsty pedestrians1 washing down the dust they had inhaled in their walk1 with ,london porter4 ,two of the company debating upon politics1 and the palm of victory being1 at the moment ,hogarth and his companions entered1 adjudged to the taller man1 he very vociferously exulted in his conquest1 and added some sarcastic remarks on the diminutive appearance of his adversary4 ,the little man had a great soul1 and having in his right hand a pewter pot1 threw it with fatal force at his opponent3 it struck him in the forehead1--and ,as the mountain oak ,nods to the axe1 till with a groaning sound ,it sinks1 and spreads its honours on the ground1-- he sunk to the floor1 and there1--as the divine ,ossian would have sublimely expressed it1--,the grey mist swam before his eyes4 ,he lay in the hall of mirth as a mountain pine1 when it tumbles across the rushy ,loda4--,he recovered2 lifted up his bleeding head1 and rolled his full-orbed eyes around4 ,he ascended as a pillar of smoke streaked with fire1 and streams of blood ran down his dark brown cheeks1 like torrents from the summit of an oozy rock1 etc4 etc4 ,to descend from the pinnacle of ,parnassus to the plain of common sense1--the fellow being deeply1 though not dangerously1 wounded in the forehead1 extreme agony excited a most hideous grin4 ,his woe-begone figure1 opposed to the pert triumphant air of his tiny conqueror1 and the half suppressed laugh of his surrounding friends1 presented a scene too ridiculous to be resisted4 ,the young tyro seized his pencil1 drew his first group of portraits from the life1 and gave1 with a strong resemblance of each1 such a grotesque variety of character as evades all description4 ,when we consider this little sketch was his coup d'essai1 the loss of it is much to be regretted4 ,he probably made many others during his apprenticeship4 ,when that expired1 bidding adieu to red lions and green dragons1 he endeavoured to attain such knowledge of drawing as would enable him to delineate the human figure1 and transfer his burin from silver to copperplate4 ,in this attempt he had to encounter many difficulties2 engraving on copper was so different an art from engraving on silver1 that it was necessary he should unlearn much which he had already learned2 and at twenty years of age1 habits are too deeply rooted to be easily eradicated2 so that he never attained the power of describing that clear1 beautiful stroke which was then given by some foreign artists1 and has since been brought1 ,i believe1 to its utmost perfection by ,sir ,robert ,strange4 ,in his first efforts he had little more assistance than could be acquired by casual communications1 or imitating the works of others2#d those of ,callot were probably his first models2 and shop-bills and book-plates his first performances4 ,some of these1 with impressions from tankards and tea-tables which escaped the crucible1 have1 by the laudable industry of collectors1 been preserved to the present day4 ,how far they add to the artist's fame1 or are really of the value at which they are sometimes purchased1 is a question of too high import for me to decide4 ,by the connoisseur it is asserted1 that the earliest productions of a great painter ought to be preserved1 for they soar superior to the mature labours of plodding dulness1 and though but seeds of that genius intended by nature to tower above its contemporaries1 invariably exhibit clear marks of mind2 as every variety in the branches of a strong-ribbed oak is1 by the aid of a microscope1 discoverable in the acorn4 ,by the opposite party it is urged1 that collecting these blotted leaves of fancy1 is burying a man of talents in the ruins of his baby-house2 and that for the honour of his name1 and repose of his soul1 they ought to be consigned to the flames1 rather than pasted in the portfolio4 ,i must candidly acknowledge1 that for trifles by the hand of ,hogarth or ,mortimer1 ,i have a kind of religious veneration2 but1 like the rebuses and riddles of ,swift1 they are still trifles1 and except when considered as tracing the progress of the mind from infancy to manhood1 are not entitled to much attention4 ,if examined with this regard1 especial care should be taken that their names are not dishonoured by the unmeaning and contemptible productions of inferior artists1 some of whose prints have found a place in the catalogue of ,hogarth's works4 ,mr4 ,nichols properly questions the plate of neas in a ,storm3 he might safely put the same query to ,riche's ,triumphal ,entry into ,covent ,garden1 and a few other plates1 which some of the collectors have very positively asserted to be his4 ,the ,jack in ,office and ,pug the ,painter1 ,i believe1 belong to other collectors4 ,that the design for ,general ,wolfe's monument should ever be supposed the work of ,hogarth1 has often astonished me4 ,i do not see the most distant resemblance of his manner1 in mind1 conception1 design1 or execution4 ,many stories1 similar to those which are told of the manner that other painters revenged an insult1 or supplied the exigencies of the moment1 are related of young ,hogarth4 ,if true1 these volumes would gain little interest by their insertion1 for few of them are worthy of a memorial2 and if false1 they ought not to be admitted4 ,that a young artist1 just emancipated from the obscurity of a silversmith's garret1 should be unknown1 we naturally suppose2 that talents1 however exalted1 should not be noticed by the public until the professor gave some proofs of superiority1 may be readily credited4 ,that a youth of volatile dispositions1 who had neither inheritance nor protection1 must frequently want money1 follows as certainly as night to day2 and we place full confidence in the assertion1 when told that he has frequently said1 ,i remember the time when ,i have gone moping into the city with scarce a shilling in my pocket2 but having received ten guineas there for a plate1 returned home1 put on my sword and bag1 and sallied out again1 with all the confidence of a man who had ten thousand pounds in his pocket4 ,i can believe that the elder ,mr4 ,bowles was his first patron2 but when ,mr4 ,nichols informs us1 on the authority of ,doctor ,ducarrel1 that this patron offered the young engraver half-a-crown a pound for a plate just finished1 rejoice that the inauspicious period when such talents had such patronage#e is past4 ,mr4 ,horace ,walpole well observes1 that the history of an artist must be sought in his works4 ,the earliest date ,i have seen on any of ,hogarth's engravings is his own shop-bill1 bordered with two figures and two ,cupids1 and inscribed ,april #bj1 #agbj4 ,from this and similar mechanic blazonry1 he ascended to prints for books1 in the execution of which it was not necessary to have much knowledge of the arts4 ,if they were copperplates1 the public were satisfied2 neither spirit of design1 accuracy of drawing1 nor delicacy of stroke were demanded4 ,six engravings1 containing six compartments each1 for ,king's ,history of the ,heathen ,gods1 ,i should apprehend were among the earliest4 ,i have heard them doubted1 and they are not mentioned in either ,mr4 ,walpole's or ,mr4 ,nichols' list2 but ,i believe them to be as certainly ,hogarth's as the ,rake's ,progress4 ,in two emblematical prints on the lottery1 and the ,south ,sea ,bubble1 published in #agba1 there is not much merit2 and in the fifteen for ,aubrey de la ,mottraye's ,travels1 dated #agbc1 we only regret that so much time and copper should be wasted4 ,the ,burlington ,gate1 which appeared in #agbd1 is in a very superior style1 and in the spirit of ,callot4 ,with some very well pointed satire on the general passion for masquerades1 and other ridiculous raree-shows1 it unites a burlesque of ,kent the architect1 who upon the pediment of his patron's gate is exalted above ,raphael and ,michael ,angelo4 ,from this circumstance ,i think it probable that the print was engraved as a sort of admission ticket to ,sir ,james ,thornhill's academy1 which was opened that year4 ,the knight would unquestionably be gratified by this ridicule of his rival1 and might in consequence admit the young artist to such a degree of intimacy as enabled him to gain the heart and hand of ,miss ,thornhill4 ,the burlesque copy of ,kent's altar-piece at ,st4 ,clement's ,church was published in #agbe2 and fifteen headpieces for ,bever's ,military ,punishments in the same year4#f ,by seventeen small plates1 with a head of the author for ,butler's ,hudibras1 printed in #agbf1 he first became known in his profession4 ,in design1 these are almost direct copies from a series inserted in a small edition of the same book1 published sixteen years before4 ,whether this originated in a wish to save himself the trouble of making original designs1 or in the twenty booksellers for whom this edition was published1 is not easy to determine4 ,these midwives to the ,muses might think he was upon safer ground while copying the designs of an artist sanctioned by public approbation1 than in following his own inventions1 and in this opinion our young engraver might possibly join4 ,taking these circumstances into the account1 ,i do not agree with ,mr4 ,walpole1 when he observes that we are surprised to find so little humour in an undertaking so congenial to his talents4 ,if these prints are considered as copies1 they ought not to be produced as a criterion2 if compared with those from which they are taken1 it is not easy to conceive a greater superiority than he has attained over his originals4 ,neatness was not required2 and for such subjects ,i prefer the spirited etchings of a ,hogarth to the most delicate finishing of a ,bartolozzi4 ,copies of them are inserted in ,grey's ,hudibras1 published #agdd1 and ,townley's ,french translation1 printed ,londres1 #ageg4 ,in ,grey's edition1 the head of ,butler is not copied from ,hogarth1 who certainly had for his pattern ,white's mezzotint of ,john ,baptist ,monoyer the flower painter1 from ,sir ,godfrey ,kneller3 to any portrait that ,i have ever seen of ,samuel ,butler1 it has not the faintest resemblance2 and how the artist came to give it that name1 it is difficult to guess4#g ,the large series on that subject were published the same year1 and are thus entitled3 ,twelve excellent and most diverting prints taken from the celebrated poem of ,hudibras1 written by ,mr4 ,samuel ,butler1 exposing the villany and hypocrisy of the times1 invented and engraved on twelve copperplates1 by ,william ,hogarth1 and are humbly dedicated to ,william ,ward1 ,esq4 of ,great ,houghton1 in ,northamptonshire1 and ,mr4 ,allan ,ramsay of ,edinburgh4#h ,what excellence can brass or marble claim6 ,these papers better do secure thy fame3 ,thy verse all monuments does far surpass2 ,no mausoleum's like thy ,hudibras4 ,allan ,ramsay subscribed for thirty sets4 ,the number of subscribers in all1 amounts to #aib4 ,the late ,mr4 ,walker of ,queen ,anne ,street had a sketch of ,hudibras and ,ralpho1 painted by ,isaac ,fuller1 very much in the manner of ,hogarth1 who ,i think must have seen1 and1 in the early part of his life1 studied ,fuller's pictures4 ,seven of the drawings were in the possession of the late ,mr4 ,samuel ,ireland1 three are in ,holland1 and two are said to have been in the collection of a person in one of the northern provinces about twenty years ago1 but are now probably destroyed4 ,thus are the works of genius scattered like the ,sibyl's leaves4 ,hogarth seems to have been particularly partial to this subject2 for1 previous to engraving the twelve large plates1 he painted it in oil4 ,the twelve original pictures1 somewhat larger than the prints1 are in the possession of the editor of these volumes4 ,the variety with which the characteristic distinctions of the figures are marked1 the firm and spirited touch with which each of the characters are pencilled1 is peculiar to this artist3 they come into that class of pictures1 which to those who have not seen them cannot be described2 to those who have1 a description is unnecessary4 ,in a masquerade ticket1 published #agbg1 he has a second time introduced ,john ,james ,heidegger1 of ill-favoured memory4 ,notwithstanding ,lord ,chesterfield's wager1 that this ,surintendant des plaisirs d',angleterre did not produce a man with so hideous a countenance as his own1 and ,pope having honoured him with a place in his ,dunciad1 when describing ,a monster of a fowl1 ,something between a ,heidegger and owl1 and his ugliness being in a degree proverbial1 an engraving of his face from a mask1 taken after his death1 and inserted in ,lavater's ,physiognomy1 has strong marks of a benevolent character1 and features by no means displeasing or disagreeable4 ,the print of our decollating ,harry and ,anna ,boleyne1 is engraved from a painting once in ,vauxhall ,gardens4#i ,whatever might be the picture1 the print is in every point of view contemptible4 ,his frontispieces to ,apuleius and ,cassandra1 ,perseus and ,andromeda1 ,john ,gulliver1 and the ,highland ,fair1 come in precisely the same class4 ,those to ,terr ,filius1 the ,humours of ,oxford1 and ,tom ,thumb1 have some traces of comedy4 ,various temporary satires on the local follies and vices of the day1 which he engraved about this time1 are enumerated by ,mr4 ,walpole and ,mr4 ,nichols1 but have not in general much merit4 ,the compliments he paid to ,sir ,james ,thornhill1 by ridiculing ,william ,kent1 have been noticed in the preceding pages2 but ,hogarth's partiality was not confined to the knight1 he extended it to the knight's daughter1 and finding favour in her sight1--without the formal ceremony of asking consent1 or the tedious process of a settlement1--took her to wife4 ,this union being neither sanctioned by her father1#aj nor accompanied with a fortune1 compelled him to redouble his professional exertions4 ,his first large print was ,southwark ,fair1 a natural and highly ludicrous representation of the plebeian amusements of that period2 but by the ,harlot's ,progress1 he in #agcd established his character as a painter of domestic history4 ,when his wife's father saw the designs1 their originality of idea1 regularity of narration1 and fidelity of scenery1 convinced him that such talents would force themselves into notice1 and when known1 must be distinguished and patronized4 ,among a great number of copies which the success of these prints tempted obscure artists to make1 there was one set printed on two large sheets of paper1 for ,g4 ,king1 ,brownlow ,street1 which1 being made with the author's consent1 may possibly contain some additions suggested and inserted by ,hogarth's directions4 ,in ,plate ,i41 beneath the sign of the ,bell1 ,,parsons ,,intier ,,butt ,,bear4 ,in ,plate ,,ii41 to the picture of ,jonah under a gourd1 a label1 ,jonah1 why art thou angry8 and under one of the portraits is written1 ,mr4 ,woolston4 ,below each scene1 an inscription describes1 in true beaux' spelling2 the meaning of the prints1 and points out two of the characters to be ,colonel ,charteris and ,sir ,john ,gonson4 ,to the strong resemblance the latter of these delineations bore to the original1 ,mr4 ,hogarth is said to be indebted for much of his popularity4 ,the magistrate being universally known1 a striking portrait in little would then1 as now1 have a more numerous band of admirers than the best conceived moral satire4 ,in #agce1 when he published his ,rake's ,progress with a view of stranding the pirates of the arts1 he solicited and obtained an ,act to vest an exclusive right in designers and engravers1 and restrain the multiplying copies of their works without their consent4 ,like many other ,acts of ,parliament1 it was inaccurately worded1 and very inadequate to the evil it professed to cure2 for ,lord ,hardwicke determined that no assignee1 claiming under an assignment from the original inventor1 could receive advantage from it3 though after ,hogarth's death1 the ,legislature1 by ,stat4 #gth1 ,geo4 ,,iii41 granted to his widow a further term of twenty years in the property of her husband's works4 ,in #agcf1 at the particular desire of a nobleman1 whose name deserves no commemoration1 he engraved two prints1 entitled ,before and ,after4 ,there are few examples of this artist making designs from the thoughts of others4 ,the ,sleeping ,congregation1 ,distressed ,poet1 ,enraged ,musician1 ,strolling ,actresses1 ,modern ,midnight ,conversation1 and many genuine comedies of a new description1 where the humour of five acts is brought into one scene1 were the productions of his own mind4 ,from these and other mirrors of the times1 he was considered as an original author2 and being now in the plenitude of his fame1--conceiving himself established in reputation1 and conscious of being first in his peculiar walk1--he1 on the #beth of ,jan4 #agdd-e1 printed proposals1 offering the paintings of his ,harlot's and ,rake's ,progress1 ,four ,times of the ,day1 and ,strolling ,actresses1 to public sale1 by an auction of a most singular nature4 ,i4 ,every bidder shall have an entire leaf numbered in the book of sale1 on the top of which will be entered his name and place of abode1 the sum paid by him1 the time when1 and for which picture4 ,,ii4 ,that on the last day of sale1 a clock 7striking every five minutes7 shall be placed in the room2 and when it hath struck five minutes after twelve1 the first picture mentioned in the sale book will be deemed as sold2 the second picture1 when the clock hath struck the next five minutes after twelve2 and so on successively till the whole nineteen pictures are sold4 ,,iii4 ,that none advance less than gold at each bidding4 ,,iv4 ,no person to bid on the last day1 except those whose names were before entered in the book4 ,as ,mr4 ,hogarth's room is but small1 he begs the favour that no person1 except those whose names are entered in the book1 will come to view his paintings on the last day of sale4 ,a method so novel possibly disgusted the town3 they might not exactly understand this tedious formul of entering their names and places of abode in a book open to indiscriminate inspection2 they might wish to humble an artist1 who1 by his proposals1 seemed to consider that he did the world a favour in suffering them to bid for his works2 or the rage for paintings might be confined to the admirers of old masters4 ,be that as it may1 for his nineteen pictures he received only four hundred and twenty-seven pounds seven shillings1--a price by no means equal to their merit4#aa ,the prints of the ,harlot's ,progress had sold much better than those of the ,rake's2 yet the paintings of the former produced only fourteen guineas each1 while those of the latter were sold for twenty-two6 ,that admirable picture1 ,morning1 twenty guineas1--,night1 in every point inferior to almost any of his works1 six-and-twenty6 ,as a ticket of admission to this sale1 he engraved the annexed plate4 ,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,the ,,pictures4 ,in curious paintings ,i'm exceeding nice1 ,and know their several beauties by their price2 ,auctions and sales ,i constantly attend1 ,but choose my pictures by a skilful friend4 ,originals and copies1 much the same2 ,the picture's value is the painter's name4 ,illustration3 ,,battle ,,of ,,pictures4 ,in one corner of this very ludicrous print he has represented an auction-room1 on the top of which is a weathercock1 in allusion perhaps to ,cock the auctioneer4 ,instead of the four initials for ,north1 ,east1 ,west1 and ,south1 we have ,p1 ,u1 ,f1 ,s1 which1 with a little allowance for bad spelling1 must pass for ,puffs6 ,at the door stands a porter1 who from the length of his staff may be high-constable of the old school1 and gentleman-usher to the modern connoisseurs4 ,as an attractive show-board1 we have an high-finished ,flemish head1 in one of those ponderous carved and gilt frames1 that give the miniatures inserted in them the appearance of a glow-worm in a gravel pit4 ,a catalogue and a carpet 7properly enough called the flags of distress7 are now the signs of a sale2 but here1 at the end of a long pole1 we have an unfurled standard1 emblazoned with that oracular talisman of an auction-room1 the fate-deciding hammer4 ,beneath is a picture of ,st4 ,andrew on the cross1 with an immense number of fac-similes1 each inscribed ditto4 ,apollo1 who is flaying ,marsyas1 has no mark of a deity1 except the rays which beam from his head2 he is placed under a projecting branch1 and we may truly say the tree shadows what it ought to support4 ,the coolness of poor ,marsyas is perfectly philosophical2 he endures torture with the apathy of a ,stoic4 ,the third tier is made up by a herd of ,jupiters and ,europas1 of which interesting subject1 as well as the foregoing1 there are dittos1 ad infinitum4 ,these invaluable tableaux being unquestionably painted by the great ,italian masters1 is a proof of their unremitting industry2--their labours evade calculation2 for had they acquired the polygraphic art of striking off pictures with the facility that printers roll off copperplates1 and each of them attained the age of ,methusaleth1 they could not have painted all that are exhibited under their names4 ,nothing is therefore left us to suppose1 but that some of these undoubted originals were painted by their disciples4#ab ,such are the collections of fac-similes2 the other pictures are drawn up in battle array2 we will begin with that of ,st4 ,francis1 the corner of which is in a most unpropitious way driven through ,hogarth's ,morning4 ,the third painting of the ,harlot's ,progress suffers equal degradation from a weeping ,madonna1 while the splendid saloon of the repentant pair in ,marriage la ,mode is broken by the ,aldobrandini ,marriage4 ,thus far is rather in favour of the ancients2 but the aerial combat has a different termination3 for1 by the riotous scene in the ,rake's ,progress1 a hole is made in ,titian's ,feast of ,olympus2 and a ,bacchanalian1 by ,rubens1 shares the same fate from the ,modern ,midnight ,conversation4 ,considered as so much reduced1 the figures are etched with great spirit1 and have strong character4 ,in ridicule of the preference given to old pictures1 he exercised not only his pencil1 but his pen4 ,his advertisement for the sale of the paintings of ,marriage la ,mode1 inserted in a ,daily ,advertiser of #agej1 thus concludes3 ,as1 according to the standard so righteously and laudably established by picture-dealers1 picture-cleaners1 picture-frame makers 7and other connoisseurs71 the works of a painter are to be esteemed more or less valuable as they are more or less scarce1 and as the living painter is most of all affected by the inferences resulting from this and other considerations equally candid and edifying1 ,mr4 ,hogarth by way of precaution1 not puff1 begs leave to urge that probably this will be the last sale of pictures he may ever exhibit1 because of the difficulty of vending such a number at once to any tolerable advantage2 and that the whole number he has already exhibited of the historical or humorous kind does not exceed fifty1 of which the three sets called the ,harlot's ,progress1 the ,rake's ,progress1 and that now to be sold1 make twenty3 so that whoever has a taste of his own to rely on1 and is not too squeamish1 and has courage enough to own it1 by daring to give them a place in a collection till ,time 7the supposed finisher1 but real destroyer of paintings7 has rendered them fit for those more sacred repositories where schools1 names1 heads1 masters1 etc41 attain their last stage of preferment1 may from hence be convinced that multiplicity1 at least1 of his1 ,mr4 ,hogarth's pieces1 will be no diminution of their value4#ad ,in the same year with the ,battle of the ,pictures he etched the subscription-ticket for ,garrick in ,richard ,,iii42 where1 in a festoon with a mask1 a roll of paper1 a palette1 and a laurel1 he combines the drama and the arts4 ,soon after the treaty of ,aix-la-,chapelle he visited ,france4 ,a people so different from any he had before seen1 and manners so inimical to his own1 greatly disgusted him4 ,ignorance of the language1 added to some unpleasant circumstances that had their rise in his own imprudence1 form a slight apology for these prejudices2 he told them to the world in a view of the ,gates of ,calais1 under which article ,i have inserted a cantata written by his friend ,forest4 ,the portrait in a cap1 with a palette1 on which is the waving line of beauty and grace1 he this year engraved from his own painting4 ,beneath the frame are three books1 labelled1 ,shakspeare1 ,milton1 ,swift2 and on one side his faithful and favourite dog ,trump4 ,as ,hogarth afterwards erased the human face divine1 and inserted the divine ,churchill in the character of a bear1 the print is become very scarce2 a small copy adorns the title-page to this volume4 ,some despicable rhymes on the dog and painter were published in the ,scandalizade4 ,thus do the lines conclude3 ,the very self same1--how boldly they strike6 ,and ,i can't forbear thinking they're somewhat alike4 ,oh fie6 to a dog would you ,hogarth compare8 ,not so1--,i say only1 they're like as it were2 ,a respectable pair1 all spectators allow1 ,and that they deserve a description below1 ,in capital letters1 ,,behold ,,we ,,are ,,two4 ,those who are personally acquainted with ,hogarth deem this print a strong likeness3 the picture is remarkably well painted1 better than any ,i have seen from his pencil1 except the head of ,captain ,coram1 now in the ,foundling ,hospital4 ,to that charity ,hogarth and several contemporary painters presented some of their performances4 ,the attention they obtained from the public induced the members of an academy in ,st4 ,martin's ,lane to attempt an extension of the plan4 ,with this view1 a letter was printed1 and sent to the different artists4 ,as it was the cornerstone of that stupendous structure1 now become a ,royal ,academy1 ,i have inserted a copy1 with which ,i was favoured by the gentleman to whom it is addressed4 ,,to ,,mr4 ,,paul ,,sandby4 ,academy of ,painting1 ,sculpture1 etc41 ,st4 ,martin's ,lane1 ,tuesday1 ,october the #bc;d1 #agec4 ,,sir1--,there is a scheme set on foot for erecting a public academy for the improvement of the arts of painting1 sculpture1 and architecture2 and as it is thought necessary to have a certain number of professors1 with proper authority1 in order to the making regulations1 taking in subscriptions1 erecting a building1 instructing the students1 and concerning all such measures as shall be afterwards thought necessary1 your company is desired at the ,turk's ,head1 in ,greek ,street1 ,soho1 on ,tuesday the #acth of ,november1 at five o'clock in the evening precisely1 to proceed to the election of thirteen painters1 three sculptors1 one chaser1 two engravers1 and two architects2 in all twenty-one1 for the purposes aforesaid4--,i am1 ,sir1 your most humble servant1 ,,francis ,,milner ,,newton1 ,sec4 ,p4,s4--,please to bring the enclosed list1 marked with a cross before the names of thirteen painters1 three sculptors1 one chaser1 two engravers1 and two architects1 as shall appear to you the most able artists in their several professions1 and in all other respects the most proper for conducting this design4 ,if you cannot attend1 it is expected that you will send your list1 sealed and enclosed in a cover1 directed to me1 and write your name in the cover1 without which no regard will be paid to it4 ,the list in that case will be immediately taken out of the cover1 and mixed with the other lists1 so that it shall not be known from whom it came2 all imaginable methods being concerted for carrying on this election without favour or partiality4 ,if you know any artist of sufficient merit to be elected a professor1 who has been overlooked in drawing out the list1 be pleased to write his name1 according to his place in the alphabet1 with a cross before it4 ,their measures did not meet the approbation of ,mr4 ,hogarth4 ,he thought that the establishment of an academy would attract a crowd of young men to neglect studies better suited to their powers1 and depart from more profitable pursuits3 that every boy who could chalk a straight-lined figure upon a wall1 would be led1 by his mamma discovering that it was prodigious natural6 to mistake inclination for ability1 and suppose himself born for shining in the fine arts6--that the streets would be crowded by lads with palettes and portfolios1 print-shops be as numerous as porter-houses1 and finally1 that which ought to be considered as a science1 become a trade2 and what was still worse1 a trade which would not support its professors4 ,in near fifty years1 that have sunk like a sunbeam in the sea1 the arts have assumed a new face2 they at this period form a very profitable branch of our commerce1 and his prophecy pertaining unto print-shops is partly fulfilled4 ,it has been before observed that ,mr4 ,hogarth1 in his own portrait1 engraved as a frontispiece to his works1 drew a serpentine line on a painter's palette1 and denominated it--,the line of beauty4 ,in the preface to his ,analysis1 he thus describes the consequence of this denomination3-- ,the bait soon took1 and no ,egyptian hieroglyphic ever amused more than it did for a time2 painters and sculptors came to me to know the meaning of it1 being as much puzzled with it as other people1 till it came to have some explanation4 ,then indeed1 but not till then1 some found it out to be an old acquaintance of theirs2 though the account they gave of its properties was very near as satisfactory as that which a day-labourer1 who occasionally uses the lever1 could give of that machine as a mechanical power4 ,others1 as common face-painters1 and copiers of pictures1 denied that there could be such a rule either in art or nature1 and asserted it was all stuff and madness2 but no wonder that these gentlemen should not be ready in comprehending a thing they have little or no business with4 ,for though the picture-copier may sometimes1 to a common eye1 seem to vie with the original he copies1 the artist himself requires no more ability1 genius1 or knowledge of nature1 than a journeyman weaver at the ,gobelins1 who in working after a piece of painting1 bit by bit1 scarcely knows what he is about2 whether he is weaving a man or a horse2 yet at last1 almost insensibly1 turns out of his loom a fine piece of tapestry1 representing1 it may be1 one of ,alexander's battles painted by ,le ,brun4 ,as the above-mentioned print thus involved me in frequent disputes1 by explaining the qualities of the line1 ,i was extremely glad to find it 7which ,i had conceived as only part of a system in my own mind7 so well supported by a precept of ,michael ,angelo1 which was first pointed out to me by ,dr4 ,kennedy1 a learned antiquarian and connoisseur1 of whom ,i afterwards purchased the translation1 from which ,i have taken several passages to my purpose4#ae ,to explain this system1 he in #agec commenced author1 and published his ,analysis1 the professed purpose of which was to fix the fluctuating ideas of taste1 by establishing a standard of beauty4 ,this he expected would be considered by his contemporaries1 as the ancients considered the little soldier modelled by ,policletus1 the grammar of proportion1 criterion of elegance1 and rule of perfection4 ,it must be acknowledged that this was expecting somewhat more than his system deserved2 but he received much less4 ,sheets of good copper were defaced to prove1 in the first place1 that there was no such line1 and in the next1 that he had stolen it from the ancients4 ,some called it the line of deformity1 and others the line of drunkenness4 ,by a lady he was more flattered3 she told him it was precisely the line which the sun makes in his annual motion round the ecliptic4 ,his book is divided into chapters1 treating of fitness1 variety1 symmetry1 simplicity1 intricacy1 quantity1 lines1 forms1 composition with the waving line1 proportion1 light and shade1 colouring1 attitude1 and action4 ,the hypothesis which he endeavours to establish is illustrated by near three hundred explanatory figures1 with references to each4 ,,analysis ,,of ,,beauty4 ,,plate ,i4 ,so vary'd he1 and of his tortuous train ,curl'd many a wanton wreath in sight of ,eve1 ,to lure her eye4 --,,milton4 ,illustration3 ,,analysis ,,of ,,beauty1 ,,plate ,i4 ,if the figures which compose this plate are considered independent of the volume1 they will appear sufficiently incongruous4 ,he has given us curves and curvatures1 straight lines and angles1 circles and squares4 ,he has ransacked the garden for examples1 and drawn from the shops of the blacksmith1 founder1 and cabinetmaker1 illustrations of his doctrine4 ,to the beauteous and elegant ,grecian ,venus1#af he has opposed the venerable ,english judge1 arrayed in an ample robe1 with his head enveloped in a periwig like the mane of a lion4 ,the naked majesty of the ,apollo ,python is contrasted with an ,english actor1 dressed by a modern tailor and barber1 to personate a ,roman general4 ,the elegant winding lines of an ,egyptian sphynx are opposed by a bloated1 overcharged1 recumbent ,silenus4 ,the uniform1 coldly correct figures of ,albert ,durer's drawing-book1 that never deviate into grace1 to the antique torso1 in which ,michael ,angelo asserted he discovered every principle that gave so grand a gusto to his own works4 ,three anatomical representations of the muscles which appear in a human leg when the skin is taken off1 are placed close to a shapeless pedestal in a shoe and stocking1 which by disease has1 in the painter's phrase1 lost its drawing4 ,a fine wire1 properly twisted round the figure of a cone1 represented in ,number #bf1 as giving that elegant wave which adds grace to beauty1 is the leading principle on which he builds his system of serpentine lines4 ,of this ancient grace1 opposed to modern air1 he could not have selected better examples than ,numbers #f and #g1 where ,mr4 ,essex1 an ,english dancing-master1 places himself in such an attitude as he thinks the sculptor ought to have given the ,antinous1 who he is ludicrously enough handing out to dance a minuet4 ,number #ai represents the deep-mouth'd ,quin6 dressed in all the dignity of a playhouse wardrobe1 to perform the part of ,brutus4 ,that this 7and not ,coriolanus7 is the character meant by the artist1 ,i am inclined to think1 from the statue of ,julius ,csar1 with a rope round his neck1 immediately before him4#ag ,the rope is passed through a pulley1 inserted in one of those triple supporters of great weights1 which some of our provincial carpenters call a gallows1 and passes to upright beams intersected by poles1 in the front of a monument1 on which is seated a judge1 over whose head is another noosed pulley4 ,how far this may hint at any connection between the law and the rope ,i cannot determine2 but a weeping naked boy1 who is seated below1 has in his hand what may pass for the model of a gibbet as well as a square4 ,over the judge's head is written1 ,,bit ,,decem4 #ageb1 ,,tatis2 the ,o preceding ,,bit is covered3 ,i apprehend the same judge may be found in a print of ,,the ,,bench4 ,a new order was ,hogarth's favourite idea3 he has here made an attempt at a capital composed of hats and periwigs4#ah ,an infant with a man's wig and cap on1 is a miniature representation of ,mr4 ,quin's ,roman general2 and a monkey child1 led by a travelling tutor1 gives the painter's opinion of those young gentlemen who visited ,rome for improvement in connoisseurship4#ai ,it is copied from a burlesque of ,cav4 ,ghezzi1 etched by ,mr4 ,pond4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,though rosy youth embloom the sprightly fair1 ,and beauty mold her with a lover's care1 ,if motion to the form denies a grace1 ,vain is the beauty that adorns the face4 ,illustration3 ,,analysis ,,of ,,beauty1 ,,plate4 ,,ii4 ,the fatigued figures that labour through this dance1 ,mr4 ,hogarth in his #afth chapter thus explains3 ,,of ,,attitude4 ,such dispositions of the body and limbs as appear most graceful when seen at rest1 depend upon gentle winding contrasts1 mostly governed by the precise serpentine line1 which in attitudes of authority are more extended and spreading than ordinary1 but reduced somewhat below the medium of grace in those of negligence and ease2 and as much exaggerated in insolent and proud carriage1 or distortions of pain 7see ,number #i1 in ,,plate ,i471 as lessened and contracted into plain and parallel lines1 to express meanness1 awkwardness1 and submission4 ,the general idea of an action1 as well as of an attitude1 may be given with a pencil in very few lines4 ,it is easy to conceive that the attitude of a person upon the cross may be fully signified by the true straight lines of the cross2 so the extended manner of ,st4 ,andrew's crucifixion is wholly understood by the ,x-like cross4 ,thus1 as two or three lines at first are sufficient to show the intention of an attitude1 ,i will take this opportunity of presenting my reader with the sketch of a country-dance1 in the manner ,i began to set out the design4 ,in order to show how few lines are necessary to express the first thoughts1 as to different attitudes1 see ,number #ga 7top of the plate71 which describes in some measure the several figures and actions1 mostly of the ridiculous kind1 that are represented in the chief part of ,plate ,,ii4 ,the most amiable person may deform his general appearance by throwing his body and limbs into plain lines2 but such lines appear still in a more disagreeable light in people of a particular make4 ,i have therefore chose such figures as ,i thought would agree best with my first score of lines1 ,number #ga4 ,the two parts of curves next to #ga1 served for the figures of the old woman and her partner1 at the farther end of the room4 ,the curve1 and two straight lines at right angles1 gave the hint for the fat man's sprawling posture4 ,i next resolved to keep a figure within the bounds of a circle1 which produced the upper part of the fat woman1 between the fat man and the awkward one in the bag-wig1 for whom ,i had made a sort of an ,x4 ,the prim lady his partner1 in the riding habit1 by pecking back her elbows1 as they call it1 from the waist upwards1 made a tolerable ,d1 with a straight line under it1 to signify the scanty stiffness of her petticoat2 and the ,z stood for the angular position the body makes with the legs and thighs of the affected fellow in the tie-wig2 the upper part of his plump partner was confined to an ,o1 and this changed into a ,p1 served as a hint for the straight lines behind4 ,the uniform diamond of a card was filled up by the flying dress1 etc4 of the little capering figure in the ,spencer wig1 whilst a double ,l marked the parallel position of his poking partner's hands and arms3 and lastly1 the two waving lines were drawn for the more genteel turns of the two figures at the hither end4#bj ,such is the author's alphabetical analysis of his serpentine system1 which some of my readers may possibly think borders on the visionary3 certain it is1 that however he may have failed in his two specimens of grace1 those of awkwardness are carried as far as they could have been in a ,russian dance1 when ,peter the ,great ordained that no lady of any age should presume to get drunk before nine o'clock4 ,i have seen the print framed as a companion to ,guido's ,aurora2 nothing surely can form a stronger contrast to the golden age1 when ,universal ,pan1 ,knit with the ,graces and the ,hours1 in dance ,led on th' eternal ,spring4 ,they are said to represent the ,wanstead assembly1 and contain portraits of the first ,earl ,tylney1 his ,countess1 their children1 tenants1 etc4 ,in the tall young lady he has evidently aimed at ,milton's description of motion--smooth sliding without step2 but her air is affected4 ,her noble partner was originally intended for a portrait of the present ,king1 then ,prince of ,wales2 and though ,i learn from ,mr4 ,walpole that it was afterward altered to the first ,duke of ,kingston1 still retains so much of its original designation as to bear a resemblance4 ,the design was made about the year #agbh1 and might be a just representation of the ,wanstead belles and beaux2 but since that period we have had so many ship-loads of grace imported from the ,continent1 and such numbers of well-educated gentlemen1#ba who have exerted their talents in perfecting this divine art1 that the picture would not do for the present day4 ,the sighing ,celadon1 privately delivering a letter fraught with love to his fair ,amelia1 is evidently the native of a country that has furnished many of our ,english heiresses with good husbands4 ,her impatient father's watch is precisely twelve1 which determines what were then thought late hours1 on so particular an occasion as a wedding-ball1 the sketch being originally designed for a series illustrative of a happy marriage4#bb ,hogarth is said to have boasted that each of the hats which lie upon the floor are so characteristic of their respective proprietors1 that any man who understood the form of the human caput might assign each to its owner4 ,among them is a cushion1 which was formerly part of the ball-room furniture1 for what was called the cushion-dance1 in the progress of which the gentleman kneels down and salutes his partner4 ,the light diffused from the chandelier shows an attention to nature worthy the study and imitation of many modern painters1 whose figures are illuminated by beams unaccountable6 ,thus much may suffice for the prints2 as to the book1 a pen was not ,hogarth's instrument4 ,his life had been devoted to the study of the pencil2 and however clear in idea1 he felt the consciousness that his language might be rendered more worthy public attention by the advice and assistance of literary friends4 ,this he acknowledges1 in the style of a man who felt that his character did not depend on the power of constructing a sentence1 in which branch of the work he was aided by ,doctor ,hoadley1 ,doctor ,morrell1 and his friend the ,reverend ,mr4 ,townley1#bc whose son told me1 that when his father corrected the first sheet1 he found a plentiful crop of errors2 the second and third were less incorrect2 and the fourth much more accurate than the preceding4 ,such is the power of genius1 whatever its direction4 ,i will not go so far as ,mr4 ,ralph1 who says1 that by means of this volume composition is become a science2 the student knows what he is in search of1 the connoisseur what to praise1 and fancy or fashion1 or prescription1 will usurp the hackneyed name of taste no more2 because ,i think with ,lady ,luxborough1 that in the line of beauty no man can literally fix the precise degree of obliquity2 but ,i think with the same lady1 that between his pencil and his pen1 he conveys an idea which enables one to conceive his meaning1 and that he gives many hints which may be of great use to the artist1 actor1 dancer1 or connoisseur4#bd ,though many profitable opportunities were offered by the politics of the day1 it does not appear that ,hogarth ever degraded his character by either servile adulation or interested abuse of the powers which were4 ,in an account of the ,march to ,finchley1 it will be found that when the print was presented to ,george ,,ii41 the king returned it in a way that must have mortified and wounded the artist1 who1 though he was tremblingly alive to professional indignity1 made no graven retaliation4 ,he could not therefore be considered as an opponent it was proper to silence1 or as an advocate it was necessary to retain2 notwithstanding which1 on the #afth of ,july #ageg1 when ,mr4 ,thornhill 7son to ,sir ,james7 resigned his place of sergeant painter1 ,william ,hogarth was appointed his successor2 and very soon after1 engaged in a pencil competition that did not terminate to his advantage4 ,i have had frequent occasion to mention the opinion he entertained of ancient paintings4 ,by ridiculing copies and contemptible originals1 he got a habit of laughing at them all2 and when1 in #ageh1 ,sir ,thomas ,sebright1 at ,sir ,luke ,schaub's sale1 gave #djd1 #es4 for ,correggio's ,sigismunda1#be ,hogarth1 in evil hour1 asserted that1 were he paid as good a price1 he could paint a better picture4 ,sir ,richard 7afterwards ,lord7 ,grosvenor unluckily gave him an order for the same subject1 guarded with the qualifying monosyllable ,,if4 ,the work was finished1--sent to the purchaser1--and returned to the artist1--because1--as the ironical epistle#bf which accompanied it expressed1--,contemplating such a subject must excite melancholy ideas1 which a curtain being drawn before it would not diminish4#bg ,this rejection produced a letter from ,hogarth to a friend1 relating the whole transaction1 in rhymes that might perhaps give our painter a niche amongst the minor poets2 but which1 having neither the harmony of ,pope nor the ardour of ,dryden1 shall find no place here4 ,the prophecy it concludes with has not been absolutely fulfilled1 but in the form of a wish may be a suitable motto for the next print4 ,,sigismunda4 ,let the picture rust2 ,perhaps ,time's price-enhancing dust1 ,as statues moulder into earth1 ,when ,i'm no more1 may mark its worth2 ,and future connoisseurs may rise1 ,honest as ours1 and full as wise1 ,to puff the piece1 and painter too1 ,and make me then what ,guido's now4 --,hogarth's ,epistle4 ,illustration3 ,,sigismunda4 ,a competition with either ,guido or ,furino would to any modern painter be an enterprise of danger3 to ,hogarth it was more peculiarly so1 from the public justly conceiving that the representation of elevated distress was not his forte1 and his being surrounded by an host of foes1 who either dreaded satire or envied genius4 ,the connoisseurs considering the challenge as too insolent to be forgiven1--before his picture appeared1 determined to decry it4 ,the painters rejoiced in his attempting what was likely to end in disgrace2 and to satisfy those who had formed their ideas of ,sigismunda upon the inspired page of ,dryden1 was no easy task4 ,the bard has consecrated the character1 and his heroine glitters with a brightness that cannot be transferred to the canvas4 ,mr4 ,walpole's description1 though equally radiant1 is too various for the utmost powers of the pencil4 ,hogarth's ,sigismunda1 as this gentleman poetically expresses it1 has none of the sober grief1 no dignity of suppressed anguish1 no involuntary tear1 no settled meditation on the fate she meant to meet1 no amorous warmth turned holy by despair2 in short1 all is wanting that should have been there1 all is there that such a story would have banished from a mind capable of conceiving such complicated woe2 woe so sternly felt1 and yet so tenderly4 ,this glowing picture presents to the mind a being whose contending passions may be felt1 but were not delineated even by ,correggio4 ,had his tints been aided by the grace and greatness of ,raphael1 they must have failed4 ,the author of the ,mysterious ,mother sought for sublimity1 where the artist strictly copied nature1 which was invariably his archetype1 but which the painter1 who soars into fancy's fairy regions1 must in a degree desert4 ,considered with this reference1 though the picture has faults1 ,mr4 ,walpole's satire is surely too severe4 ,it is built upon a comparison with works painted in a language of which ,hogarth knew not the idiom1--trying him before a tribunal whose authority he did not acknowledge2 and from the picture having been in many respects altered after the critic saw it1 some of the remarks become unfair4 ,to the frequency of these alterations we may attribute many of the errors3#bh the man who has not confidence in his own knowledge of the leading principles on which his work ought to be built1 will not render it perfect by following the advice of his friends4 ,though ,messrs4 ,wilkes and ,churchill dragged his heroine to the altar of politics1 and mangled her with a barbarity that can hardly be paralleled1 except in the history of her husband1--the artist retained his partiality1 which seems to have increased in exact proportion to their abuse4 ,the picture being thus contemplated through the medium of party prejudice1 we cannot wonder that all its imperfections were exaggerated4 ,the painted harlot of ,babylon had not more opprobrious epithets from the first race of reformers1 than the painted ,sigismunda of ,hogarth from the last race of patriots4#cj ,when a favourite child is chastised by his preceptor1 a partial mother redoubles her caresses4 ,hogarth1 estimating this picture by the labour he had bestowed upon it1 was certain that the public were prejudiced1 and requested1 if his wife survived him1 she would not sell it for less than five hundred pounds4 ,mrs4 ,hogarth acted in conformity to his wishes2 but after her death1 the painting was purchased by ,messrs4 ,boydell1 and exhibited in the ,shakspeare ,gallery4 ,the colouring1 though not brilliant1 is harmonious and natural3 the attitude1 drawing1 etc41 may be generally conceived by the print engraved by ,mr4 ,benjamin ,smith4 ,i am much inclined to think1 that if some of those who have been most severe in their censures1 had consulted their own feelings1 instead of depending upon connoisseurs1 poor ,sigismunda would have been in higher estimation4 ,it has been said that the first sketch was made from ,mrs4 ,hogarth1 at the time she was weeping over the corse of her mother4 ,hogarth once intended to have appealed from the critics' fiat to the world's opinion1 and employed ,mr4 ,basire to make an engraving1 which was begun1 but set aside for some other work1 and never completed4#ca ,,time ,,smoking ,a ,,picture4 ,to nature and yourself appeal1 ,nor learn of others what to feel4--,anon4 ,illustration3 ,,time ,,smoking ,a ,,picture4 ,this animated satire was etched as a receipt-ticket for a print of ,sigismunda4 ,it represents ,time1 seated upon a mutilated statue1 and smoking a landscape1 through which he has driven his scythe1 to give proof of its antiquity1--not only by sober1 sombre tints1 but by an injured canvas4 ,beneath the easel on which it is fixed the artist has placed a capacious jar1 on which is written ,,varnish1--to bring out the beauties of this inestimable assemblage of straight lines4 ,the frame is dignified with a ,greek motto3 ,crates1-- ' 1 1 ' 4 ,see ,spectator1 vol4 ii4 p4 #hc4 ,this1 though not engraved with precise accuracy1 is sufficiently descriptive of the figure4 ,time has bent me double2 and ,time1 though ,i confess he is a great artist1 weakens all he touches4 ,from a contempt 7says ,mr4 ,walpole7 of the ignorant virtuosi of the age1 and from indignation at the impudent tricks of picture-dealers1#cb whom he saw continually recommending and vending vile copies to bubble-collectors1 and from having never studied1 indeed having seen few good pictures of the great ,italian masters1 he persuaded himself that the praises bestowed on those glorious works were nothing but the effects of prejudice4 ,he talked this language till he believed it2 and having heard it often asserted1 as is true1 that ,time gives a mellowness to colours1 and improves them1 he not only denied the proposition1 but maintained that pictures only grew black and worse by age1 not distinguishing between the degrees in which the proposition might be true or false4 ,whether ,mr4 ,walpole's remarks are right or wrong1 ,hogarth has admirably illustrated his own doctrine1 and added to his burlesque1 by introducing the fragments of a statue1 below which is written1 ,as statues moulder into worth4 ,p4 ,w4 ,by part of this print being in mezzotinto and the remainder etched1 it has a singularly striking and spirited appearance4 ,hogarth1 the following year1 published that admirable satire1 ,the ,medley1 which completely refutes the reproach thrown on his declining talents by his political opponents1 whose violent1 and in some respects vindictive attack1 is erroneously said to have hastened his death4 ,that he was wounded with a barbed spear1 hurled by the hand of a friend1 it is reasonable to suppose2 but armed with the mailed coat of conscious superiority1 he could not be wounded mortally4 ,what6--broken-hearted by a rhyme6--pelted to death with ballads6--,he was too proud6 ,i am told by those who knew him best1 that the little mortification he felt1 did not arise from the severity of the satire1 but from a recollection of the terms on which he had lived with the satirist4 ,to the painter's recriminations in this party jar1 ,mr4 ,nichols ,i suppose alludes1 page #ig of his ,anecdotes1 where he says1 that in his political conduct and attachments1 ,hogarth was at once unprincipled and variable4 ,these are harsh and heavy charges1 but ,i am to learn on what they are founded4 ,he never embarked with any party1 nor did he publish a political print before the year #agfb2 and the principles he there professes he retained until his death4 ,in the same page of the ,anecdotes1 ,i find1 after a complimentary quotation from one of ,mr4 ,hayley's poems1 several severe strictures to which ,i cannot assent4#cc ,the assertion1 that all his powers of delighting were confined to his pencil1 is in a degree refuted by the ,analysis4 ,that he was rarely admitted into polite circles1 ,i can readily believe2 but if by polite circles1 ,mr4 ,nichols means those persons of honour who deem dress the grand criterion of distinction1 think making an easy bow the first human acquirement1 and ,lord ,chesterfield's code the whole duty of man1--the artist had no great cause to regret the loss of such society4 ,but his sharp corners not being rubbed off by collision with these polite circles1 he was1 to the last1 a gross1 uncultivated man4 ,engaged in ascertaining the principles of his art1 he had not leisure to study the principles of politeness2 but by those who lived with him in habits of intimacy1 ,i am told he was by no means gross4 ,to be member of a club consisting of mechanics1 or those not many degrees above them1 seems to have been the utmost of his social ambition4--,yet we find in the list of his social companions1 ,fielding1 ,hoadley1 ,garrick1 ,townley1 and many other names who were an honour to their age and country4 ,though excluded from polite circles1 by these and such men he was received as a friend4 ,some of his evenings were probably passed among his neighbours1 and being above dissimulation1 ,i suppose he resented what he disliked1 and was1 as ,mr4 ,nichols informs us1 often sent to ,coventry4 ,he is said to have beheld the rising eminence and popularity of ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds with a degree of envy2 and1 if ,i am not misinformed1 spoke with asperity both of him and his performances4 ,it has been said1 and ,i believe with equal truth1 that ,rubens envied the rising eminence and popularity of ,vandyke3 neither the ,englishman nor the ,fleming were capable of so mean a passion4 ,the walk of ,william ,hogarth was diametrically opposite to that of ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds4 ,they saw nature through a different medium3 one of them almost invariably dignifies his characters2 whilst the other1 from the nature of his subjects1 sinks1 and in some measure degrades them4 ,the man whose portrait is painted by the ,president feels exalted2 whilst he who looks in the mirror displayed by ,hogarth1 finds a resemblance better calculated to gratify his good-natured friends than himself4 ,these circumstances considered1 ,i can conceive ,hogarth might have been pleased if he could have united the elegance of ,sir ,joshua to his own humour1 and that the knight might be proud of adding the powers of ,hogarth to his own taste1 without either of them possessing a particle of the diabolical passion alluded to by ,mr4 ,nichols1 who thus winds up the character3 ,justice1 however1 obliges me to add1 that our artist was liberal1 hospitable1 and the most punctual of paymasters4 ,this is fair and unequivocal praise1--but justice obliges me to add1 seems given upon compulsion4 ,why the biographer feels so much reluctance at being thus obliged to commend the hero of his own history1 we are not told1--though the cause of a lady being most indecently caricatured1 is1 in the same book1 frankly acknowledged4 ,she is still living1 and has been loud in abuse of this work1 a circumstance to which she owes a niche in it6--,nichols' ,anecdotes1 p4 #aad4 ,hogarth1 with all the indelicacy of which he is accused1 would have blushed at the perusal of this overcharged character4 ,though nothing fastidious1 ,i cannot quote so disgusting a combination of abominable images4 ,in page #ei we are presented with a series equally delectable4 ,mr4 ,walpole remarks that the ,flemish painters1 as writers of farce and editors of burlesque nature1 are the ,tom ,brownes of the mob2 and in their attempts at humour1 when they intend to make us laugh1 make us sick2 that ,hogarth resembles ,butler1--amidst all his pleasantry1 observes the true end of comedy1 ,,reformation1 and has always a moral4 ,to prove this truth1 is one great object of these volumes4 ,but ,mr4 ,nichols1 thinking it necessary to examine whether the scenes painted by our countryman are wholly free from ,flemish indelicacies1 has with laudable industry culled some sixteen or eighteen delicious examples1 to convince us that they are not4 ,i omit the catalogue2 yet let me be permitted to suggest1 that without the aid of a commentary1 these indelicacies are not generally obtrusive4 ,i once knew a very grave and profound critic1 who employed several years of his life in collecting all ,shakspeare's double entendres2 these he intended for publication1 to prove that his plays were not fit for the public eye1 but was prevented1 by a friend suggesting that it would be thought he had acted like the birds--pecked at that fruit which he liked best4 ,leaving these and all other indecencies to the contemplation of those who seek for them1 let us return to our narrative4 ,finding his health in a declining state1 ,hogarth had some years before purchased a small house at ,chiswick4#cd ,to this he retired during the summer months1 but so active a mind could never rust in idleness2--even there he pursued his profession1 and employed the last years of his life in retouching and superintending some repairs and alterations in his plates4 ,from this place he1 on the #beth ,october #agfd1 returned to ,leicester ,square1 and though weak and languid1 retained his usual flow of spirits2 but being on the same night taken suddenly ill1 died of an aneurism1 in the arms of his friend ,mrs4 ,lewis1 who was called up to his assistance4 ,the hand of him here torpid lies1 ,that drew th' essential form of grace2 ,here cloath'd in death th' attentive eyes1 ,that saw the manners in the face4#ce ,his will1 which bears date ,august #af1 #agfd1 has the following bequests3-- ,i do hereby release1 and acquit1 and discharge my sister ,ann ,hogarth1 of and from all claims and demands which ,i have on her at the time of my decease on any account whatsoever2 and ,i do hereby give and bequeath unto my said sister ,ann1 eighty pounds a year1 to be paid her during her natural life1 by my executrix hereinafter named1 out of the profits which shall arise from the sale of the prints taken from my engraved copperplates2 which yearly payment shall commence within three months after my decease1 and be paid in quarterly payments3 and my will is1 that the said copperplates shall not be sold or disposed of without the consent of my said sister1 and my executrix hereinafter named2 but the same shall remain in the custody or possession of my executrix hereinafter named1 for and during her natural life1 if she continues sole and unmarried2 and from and immediately after her marriage1 my will is that the three sets of copperplates1 called ,marriage la ,mode1 the ,harlot's ,progress1 and the ,rake's ,progress1 shall be delivered to my said sister1 by my said executrix1 during her natural life2 and immediately after the decease of my said executrix1 the said copperplates1 and the whole profits arising from such prints as aforesaid1 shall be and of right belong to my said sister2 and in case my executrix shall survive my sister1 the same shall in like manner become the sole property1 and of right belong to my said executrix hereinafter named3 and ,i hereby give and bequeath unto ,mary ,lewis1 for her faithful services1 one hundred pounds1 to be paid her immediately after my decease by my executrix hereinafter named3 and my will is1 that ,samuel ,martin1 ,esq41 of ,abingdon ,buildings1 be requested to accept of the portrait which ,i painted of him for myself4 ,item1 that a ring1 value ten guineas1 be presented to ,doctor ,isaac ,schomberg1 in remembrance of me4 ,item1 that ,miss ,julian ,bence be presented with a ring1 value five guineas3 and my will is1 that the remainder of my money1 securities for money1 and debts due to me1 shall of right belong to my said executrix hereinafter named2 and all my other goods1 pictures1 chattels1 and estates1 real or personal whatsoever1 ,i do give and bequeath the same and every part thereof unto my dear wife ,jane ,hogarth1 whom ,i do ordain1 constitute1 and appoint my sole executrix of my will4 ,and ,i do hereby revoke all the other wills by me made at any time4 ,in witness thereof1 ,i do hereunto set my hand and seal1 this day1 ,august #afth1 #agfd4 ,,william ,,hogarth 7,l4,s474 ,signed1 sealed1 and published1 and delivered by ,william ,hogarth1 to be his last will and testament1 in the presence of us1 who in the presence of each other have subscribed our names as witness thereto4--,richard ,loveday1 ,george ,ellsom1 ,mary ,graham4 ,his remains were removed to ,chiswick1 where1 on a plain but neat pyramidical monument1 are the following inscriptions3-- ,on the first side is engraven3 ,,here ,,lieth ,,the ,,body ,,of ,,william ,,hogarth1 ,,esq41 ,,who ,,died ,,october #bf1 #agfd1 ,,aged #fg ,,years4 ,,mrs4 ,,jane ,,hogarth1 ,,wife ,,of ,,william ,,hogarth1 ,,esq4 ,,obit #ac ,,november #aghi1 ,,tat3 #hj ,,years4 ,on the second3 ,,here ,,lieth ,,the ,,body ,,of ,,dame ,,judith ,,thornhill1 ,,relict ,,of ,,sir ,,james ,,thornhill1 ,,knight1 ,,of ,,thornhill1 ,,in ,,the ,,county ,,of ,,dorset3 ,,she ,,died ,,nov4 #ab1 #ageg1 ,,aged #hd ,,years4 ,on a third3 ,,here ,,lieth ,,the ,,body ,,of ,,mrs4 ,,anne ,,hogarth1 ,,sister ,,to ,,william ,,hogarth1 ,,esq4 ,,she ,,died ,,august #ac1 #agga1 ,,aged #gj ,,years4 ,on the front1 in basso-relievo1 is the comic mask1 laurel wreath1 rest-stick1 palette1 pencils1 a book inscribed ,analysis of ,beauty1 and the following admirable lines by his friend ,mr4 ,garrick3-- ,farewell1 great painter of mankind1 ,who reached the noblest point of art2 ,whose pictured morals charm the mind1 ,and through the eye correct the heart4 ,if genius fire thee1 reader1 stay2 ,if ,nature touch thee1 drop a tear3 ,if neither move thee1 turn away1 ,for ,hogarth's honoured dust lies here4#cf ,time will obliterate this inscription1 and even the pyramid must crumble into dust2 but his fame is engraven on tablets which shall have longer duration than monumental marble4 ,during the twenty-five years which his widow survived1 the plates were neither repaired nor altered1#cg but being necessarily entrusted to the management of others1 were often both negligently and improperly taken off4#ch ,on ,mrs4 ,hogarth's demise1 in #aghi1 she bequeathed her property as follows3-- ,imprimis1 ,i give and devise unto my cousin ,mary ,lewis1 now living with me1 all that my copyhold estate1 lying and being at ,chiswick1 in the county of ,middlesex1 to have and to hold1 during the term of her natural life2 and after her decease1 ,i give and devise the said copyhold estate unto ,richard ,loveday1 surgeon1 of ,hammersmith1 to have and to hold during his natural life2 and after his decease1 to his son ,francis ,james ,loveday1 to him and his heirs for ever4 ,item1 ,i give and bequeath unto the said ,mary ,lewis all my personal estate1 of what kind soever1 the legacies hereinafter mentioned excepted4 ,item1 ,i give unto my god-daughter ,jane ,amelia ,loveday1 the sum of one hundred pounds4 ,and ,i do make1 constitute1 and appoint my said cousin ,mary ,lewis1 my sole executrix of this my last will and testament1 written with my own hand1 this third day of ,august1 in the year of our ,lord1 #aggj4 ,in witness whereof1 ,i have hereunto set my hand and seal4 ,,jane ,,hogarth 7,l4,s474 ,witnesses--,michael ,impey1 ,jane ,sarah ,home4 ,this stock of #dgi1 #ajs4 #c;d4 ,i give to ,m4 ,lewis2 and to ,charles ,stilewell1 if he is with me at the time of my death1 twenty pounds4--,may the #agth1 #aghi4 ,,jane ,,hogarth4 ,mrs4 ,lewis1 soon after the death of her friend1 on condition of receiving an annuity for life1 transferred to ,messrs4 ,boydell her right in all the plates2 and since in their possession1 they have not been touched upon by a burin4 ,it may be proper to add1 that every plate has been carefully cleaned2 and the rolling-presses now in use being on an improved principle1 the paper superior1 and the art of printing better understood1 impressions are more clearly and accurately taken off than they have been at any preceding period4 ,thus much may suffice for the state of his plates3 their general intention and execution is the proper basis on which to build his ,,character4 ,were it considered by a connoisseur1 he would probably assert that this man could not be a painter1 for he had never travelled to ,rome2 could not be a judge of art1 for he spoke irreverently of the ancients2 gave his figures neither dignity nor grace2 was erroneous in his distribution of light and shade1 and inattentive to the painter's balance2 that his grouping was inartificial1 and his engraving coarse4 ,to traverse continents in search of antique paintings1 explore caverns for mutilated sculpture1 and measure the proportions of a statue with mathematical precision1 was not the boast of ,william ,hogarth4 ,the ,temple of ,nature was his academy1 and his topography the map of the human mind4 ,disdaining to copy or translate1 he left the superior class of beings that people the canvas of ,poussin and ,michael ,angelo to their admirers2 selected his images from his own country1 and gave them with a truth1 energy1 and variety of character1#ci ever appropriate1 and invariably original4 ,considering his peculiar powers1 it is fortunate for his fame that he was a native of ,britain4 ,in ,switzerland1 the scenery is romantic1--the rocks are stupendous2 in ,italy1 the models of art are elevated and majestic1--the ruins of ancient ,greece still continue a school of architecture and proportion2--but in ,england1 and in ,england alone1 we have every variety of character that separates man from man4 ,to these he resorted1 and rarely attempted to heighten nature1 either by ideal or elevated beauty2 for though he had the eye1 he had not the wing of an eagle2 when he attempted to soar1 particles of his native clay clung to his pinions1 and retarded his flight4 ,his engravings1 though coarse1 are forcible in a degree scarcely to be paralleled4 ,every figure is drawn from the quarry of nature2 and1 though seldom polished1 is always animated4 ,he has been accused of grossness in some of his single figures3 but the general vein of his wit is better calculated to make the man of humour smile than the humourist laugh2--has the air of ,cervantes rather than ,rabelais1--of ,fielding rather than ,smollett4 ,i do not know in what class to place his pictured stories4 ,they are too much crowded with little incidents for the dignity of history2 for tragedy1 are too comic2 yet have a termination which forbids us to call them comedies4 ,being selected from life1 they present to us the absurdities1 crimes1 punishments1 and vicissitudes of man3 to-day1 basking in the bright beams of prosperity2 to-morrow1 sunk in the gloom of comfortless despair4 ,be it recorded to his honour1 that their invariable tendency is the promotion of virtue1 and the diffusion of such a spirit as tends to make men industrious1 humane1 and happy4 ,if some of the incidents are thought too ludicrous1 and a few of the scenes rather border on the licentious1 let it be remembered1 that since they were engraved the standard of delicacy has been somewhat altered3 that species of wit which this sentimental and double-refined age deems too much debased for common currency1 was then1 with a still larger portion of alloy1 the sterling coin of the kingdom4 ,on canvas he was not so successful as on copper4 ,scripture history1 which was one of his first attempts1#dj did not add a leaf to his laurel4 ,in small portraits of conversations1 etc41 he was somewhat more successful2 but in a few years the novelty wore off1 and the public grew tired4 ,though he had great facility#da and general success in his resemblances1 his eye was too correct and his hand too faithful for those who wished to be flattered4 ,the fantastic fluttering robes1 given by contemporary painters1 were too absurd for him to imitate2 and he painted all his figures in the exact habits they wore4 ,compared with the dignified dresses of ,vandyke1 the ,germanic garb1 which then prevailed1 gave a mean and unpicturesque formality to his portraits4 ,with respect to his person1 though hardly to be classed as a little man1 ,hogarth was rather below the middle size2 he had an eye peculiarly bright and piercing1 and an air of spirit and vivacity4 ,from an accident in his youth1 he had a deep scar on his forehead3 the mark remained2 and he frequently wore his hat so as to display it4 ,his conversation was lively and cheerful1#db mixed with a quickness of retort that did not gain him friends4 ,severe in his satire on those who were present1 but of the absent he was usually the advocate2#dc and has sometimes boasted that he never uttered a sentence concerning any man living1 that he would not repeat to his face4 ,in the relations of husband1 brother1 friend1 and master1 he was kind1 generous1 sincere1 and indulgent4 ,in diet abstemious2 but in his hospitalities1 though devoid of ostentation1 liberal and free-hearted4 ,not parsimonious1 yet frugal2--but so comparatively small were the rewards then paid to artists1 that1 after the labour of a long life1 he left a very inconsiderable sum to his widow1 with whom he must have received a large portion of what was bequeathed to her4#dd ,his character1 and the illustrations ,i have attempted1 are built upon a diligent examination of his prints3 if in any case it should be thought that they have biassed my judgment1 ,i can truly say that they have informed it4 ,from them ,i have learnt much which ,i should not otherwise have known1 and to inspecting them ,i owe many very happy hours4 ,considering their originality1 variety1 and truth1 if we take from the artist all that he is said to have wanted1 he will have more left than has been often the portion of man4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,hogarth ,,illustrated4 ,,the ,,harlot',s ,,progress4 ,,plate ,i4 ,the snares are set1 the plot is laid1 ,ruin awaits thee1 hapless maid6 ,seduction sly assails thine ear1 ,and gloating1 foul desire is near2 ,baneful and blighting are their smiles1 ,destruction waits upon their wiles3 ,alas6 thy guardian angel sleeps1 ,vice clasps her hands1 and virtue weeps4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,harlot',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,i4 ,the general aim of historical painters has been to emblazon some signal exploit of an exalted and distinguished character4 ,to go through a series of actions1 and conduct their hero from the cradle to the grave1 to give a history upon canvas1 and tell a story with the pencil1 few of them attempted4 ,mr4 ,hogarth saw with the intuitive eye of genius1 that one path to the temple of ,fame was yet untrodden3 he took ,nature for his guide1 and gained the summit4 ,he was the painter of nature2 for he gave not merely the ground-plan of the countenance1 but marked the features with every impulse of the mind4 ,he may be denominated the biographical dramatist of domestic life4 ,leaving those heroic monarchs who have blazed through their day with the destructive brilliancy of a comet to their adulatory historians1 he1 like ,lillo1 has taken his scenes from humble life1 and rendered them a source of entertainment1 instruction1 and morality4 ,this series of prints gives the history of a ,prostitute4 ,the story commences with her arrival in ,london1 where1 initiated in the school of profligacy1 she experiences the miseries consequent to her situation1 and dies in the morning of life4 ,her variety of wretchedness forms such a picture of the way in which vice rewards her votaries1 as ought to warn the young and inexperienced from entering this path of infamy4 ,the first scene of this domestic tragedy is laid at the ,bell ,inn1 in ,wood ,street1 and the heroine may possibly be daughter to the poor old clergyman who is reading the direction of a letter close to the ,york waggon1 from which vehicle she has just alighted4 ,in attire1 neat1 plain1 unadorned2 in demeanour1 artless1 modest1 diffident2 in the bloom of youth1 and more distinguished by native innocence than elegant symmetry2 her conscious blush and downcast eyes attract the attention of a female fiend who panders to the vices of the opulent and libidinous4 ,coming out of the door of the inn we discover two men1 one of whom is eagerly gloating on the devoted victim4 ,this is a portrait1 and said to be a strong resemblance of ,colonel ,francis ,chartres1#de whose epitaph was written by ,doctor ,arbuthnot3 in that epitaph his character is most emphatically described4#df ,the old procuress1 immediately after the girl's alighting from the waggon1 addresses her with the familiarity of a friend rather than the reserve of one who is to be her mistress4 ,had her father been versed in even the first rudiments of physiognomy1 he would have prevented her engaging with one of so decided an aspect2 for this also is the portrait of a woman infamous in her day3#dg but he1 good1 easy man1 unsuspicious as ,fielding's ,parson ,adams1 is wholly engrossed in the contemplation of a superscription to a letter addressed to the bishop of the diocese4 ,so important an object prevents his attending to his daughter1 or regarding the devastation occasioned by his gaunt and hungry ,rozinante having snatched at the straw that packs up some earthenware1 and produced ,the wreck of flower-pots1 and the crash of pans6 ,from the inn she is taken to the house of the procuress1 divested of her home-spun garb1 dressed in the gayest style of the day1 and the tender native hue of her complexion encrusted with paint and disguised by patches4 ,she is then introduced to ,colonel ,chartres1 and by artful flattery and liberal promises becomes intoxicated with the dreams of imaginary greatness4 ,a short time convinces her of how light a breath these promises were composed4 ,deserted by her keeper1 and terrified by threats of an immediate arrest for the pompous paraphernalia of prostitution1 after being a short time protected by one of the tribe of ,levi1 she is reduced to the hard necessity of wandering the streets for that precarious subsistence which flows from the drunken rake or profligate debauchee4 ,here her situation is truly pitiable6 ,chilled by nipping frost and midnight dew1 the repentant tear trickling on her heaving bosom1 she endeavours to drown reflection in draughts of destructive poison4 ,this1 added to the contagious company of women of her own description1 vitiates her mind1 eradicates the native seeds of virtue1 destroys that elegant and fascinating simplicity which gives additional charms to beauty1 and leaves in its place art1 affectation1 and impudence4 ,neither the painter of a sublime picture nor the writer of an heroic poem should introduce any trivial circumstances that are likely to draw the attention from the principal figures4 ,such compositions should form one great whole3 minute detail will inevitably weaken their effect4 ,but in little stories which record the domestic incidents of familiar life1 these accessory accompaniments1 though trifling in themselves1 acquire a consequence from their situation2 they add to the interest1 and realize the scene4 ,in this1 as in almost all that were delineated by ,mr4 ,hogarth1 we see a close regard paid to things as they then were2 by which means his prints become a sort of historical record of the manners of the age4 ,the balcony1 with linen hanging to dry2 the ,york waggon1 which intimates the county that gave birth to our young adventurer2 parcels lying on the ground1 and a goose1 directed ,to my lofen coosin in ,tems ,stret ,london1 prove the peculiar attention he paid to the minuti4 ,the initials ,m4 ,h4 on one of the trunks give us the name of the heroine of this drama1--,hackabout was a character then well known1 and infamous for her licentiousness and debauchery4#dh ,of elegant beauty ,mr4 ,hogarth had not much idea2 but he has marked his heroine with natural simplicity4 ,to the old procuress he has given her physiognomical distinction1 and to the ,colonel his appropriate stamp4#di ,,plate ,,ii4 ,ah6 why so vain1 though blooming in thy spring2 ,thou shining1 frail1 adorn'd1 but wretched thing6 ,old age will come2 disease may come before1 ,and twenty prove as fatal as threescore6 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,harlot',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,entered into the path of infamy1 the next scene exhibits our young heroine the mistress of a rich ,jew1 attended by a black boy1#ej and surrounded with the pompous parade of tasteless profusion4 ,her mind being now as depraved as her person is decorated1 she keeps up the spirit of her character by extravagance and inconstancy4 ,an example of the first is exhibited in the monkey being suffered to drag her rich head-dress round the room1 and of the second in the retiring gallant4 ,the ,hebrew is represented at breakfast with his mistress2 but having come earlier than was expected1 the favourite has not departed4 ,to secure his retreat1 is an exercise for the invention of both mistress and maid4 ,this is accomplished by the lady finding a pretence for quarrelling with the ,jew1 kicking down the tea-table1 and scalding his legs1 which1 added to the noise of the china1 so far engrosses his attention1 that the paramour1 assisted by the servant1 escapes discovery4 ,the subjects of two pictures with which the room is decorated are1 ,david dancing before the ark1 and ,jonah seated under a gourd4#ea ,they are placed there1 not merely as circumstances which belong to ,jewish story1 but as a piece of covert ridicule on the old masters1 who generally painted from the ideas of others1 and repeated the same tale ad infinitum4 ,on the toilet-table we discover a mask1 which well enough intimates where she had passed part of the preceding night1 and that masquerades1 then a very fashionable amusement1 were much frequented by women of this description2 a sufficient reason for their being avoided by those of an opposite character4 ,under the protection of this disciple of ,moses she could not remain long4 ,riches were his only attraction1 and though profusely lavished on this unworthy object1 her attachment was not to be obtained1 nor could her constancy be secured2 repeated acts of infidelity are punished by dismission2 and her next situation shows that1 like most of the sisterhood1 she had lived without apprehension of the sunshine of life being darkened by the passing cloud1 and made no provision for the hour of adversity4 ,in this print the characters are marked with a master's hand4 ,the insolent air of the harlot1 the astonishment of the ,jew1#eb eagerly grasping at the falling table1 the start of the black boy1 the cautious trip of the ungartered and barefooted retreating gallant1 and the sudden spring of the scalded monkey1 are admirably expressed4 ,to represent an object in its descent has been said to be impossible3 the attempt has seldom succeeded2 but in this print1 the tea equipage really appears falling to the floor4#ec ,,plate ,,iii4 ,reproach1 scorn1 infamy1 and hate1 ,on all thy future steps shall wait2 ,thy form be loathed by every eye1 ,and every foot thy presence fly4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,harlot',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,we here see this child of misfortune fallen from her high estate6 ,her magnificent apartment is quitted for a dreary lodging in the purlieus of ,drury ,lane3 she is at breakfast1 and every object exhibits marks of the most wretched penury2 her silver tea-kettle is changed for a tin-pot1 and her highly-decorated toilet gives place to an old leaf-table1 strewed with the relics of the last night's revel1 and ornamented with a broken looking-glass4 ,around the room are scattered tobacco-pipes1 gin measures1 and pewter pots1--emblems of the habits of life into which she is initiated1 and the company which she now keeps3 this is further intimated by the wig-box of ,james ,dalton1 a notorious street-robber1 who was afterwards executed4 ,in her hand she displays a watch1 which might be either presented to her1 or stolen from her last night's gallant4 ,by the nostrums which ornament the broken window1 we see that poverty is not her only evil4 ,the dreary and comfortless appearance of every object in this wretched receptacle1 the bit of butter on a piece of paper1#ed the candle in a bottle1 the basin upon a chair1 the punch-bowl and comb upon the table1 and the tobacco-pipes1 etc4 strewed upon the unswept floor1 give an admirable picture of the style in which this pride of ,drury ,lane ate her matin meal4 ,the pictures which ornament the room are1 ,abraham offering up ,isaac1 and a portrait of the ,virgin ,mary2 ,dr4 ,sacheverell#ee and ,macheath the highwayman are companion prints4 ,there is some whimsicality in placing the two ladies under a canopy1#ef formed by the unnailed valance of the bed1 and characteristically crowned by the wig-box of a highwayman4 ,a magistrate1#eg cautiously entering the room with his attendant constables1 commits her to an house of correction1 where our legislators wisely suppose1 that being confined to the improving conversation of her associates in vice1 must have a powerful tendency towards the reformation of her manners6 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,with pallid cheek and haggard eye1 ,and loud laments1 and heartfelt sigh1 ,unpitied1 hopeless of relief1 ,she drinks the bitter cup of grief4 ,in vain the sigh1 in vain the tear1 ,compassion never enters here2 ,but justice clanks her iron chain1 ,and calls forth shame1 remorse1 and pain4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,harlot',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,the situation in which the last plate exhibited our wretched female was sufficiently degrading1 but in this her misery is greatly aggravated4 ,we now see her suffering the chastisement due to her follies2 reduced to the wretched alternative of beating hemp1 or receiving the correction of a savage taskmaster4#eh ,exposed to the derision of all around1 even her own servant1 who is well acquainted with the rules of the place1 appears little disposed to show any return of gratitude for recent obligations1 though even her shoes1 which she displays while tying up her garter1 seem by their gaudy outside to have been a present from her mistress4 ,the civil discipline of the stern keeper has all the severity of the old school4#ei ,with the true spirit of tyranny1 he sentences those who will not labour to the whipping post1 to a kind of picketing suspension by the wrists1 or having a heavy log fastened to their leg4 ,with the last of these punishments he at this moment threatens the heroine of our story2 nor is it likely that his obduracy can be softened except by a well-applied fee4 ,how dreadful1 how mortifying the situation6 ,these accumulated evils might perhaps produce a momentary remorse1 but a return to the path of virtue is not so easy as a departure from it4 ,the ,magdalen hospital has been since instituted1 and the wandering female sometimes finds it an asylum from wretchedness1 and a refuge from the reproaches of the world4 ,to show that neither the dread nor endurance of the severest punishment will deter from the perpetration of crimes1 a one-eyed female1 close to the keeper1 is picking a pocket4 ,the torn card may probably be dropped by the well-dressed gamester1 who has exchanged the dice-box for the mallet1 and whose laced hat is hung up as a companion trophy to the hoop-petticoat4 ,one of the girls appears scarcely in her teens4 ,to the disgrace of our police1 these unfortunate little wanderers are still suffered to take their nocturnal rambles in the most public streets of the metropolis4 ,what heart so void of sensibility as not to heave a pitying sigh at their deplorable situation8 ,vice is not confined to colour1 for a black woman is ludicrously exhibited as suffering the penalty of those frailties which are imagined peculiar to the fair4 ,the figure chalked as dangling upon the wall1 with a pipe in his mouth1 is intended as a caricatured portrait of ,sir ,john ,gonson1 and probably the production of some wou'd-be artist whom the magistrate had committed to ,bridewell as a proper academy for the pursuit of his studies4 ,the inscription upon the pillory1 ,,better ,,to ,,work ,,than ,,stand ,,thus1 and that on the whipping-post1 near the laced gambler1 ,,the ,,reward ,,of ,,idleness1 are judiciously introduced4 ,in this print the composition is tolerably good3 the figures in the background1 though properly subordinate1 sufficiently marked2 the lassitude of the principal character well contrasted by the austerity of the rigid overseer4 ,there is a fine climax of female debasement1 from the gaudy heroine of our drama to her maid1 and from thence to the still lower object who is represented as destroying#fj one of the plagues of ,egypt4 ,,plate ,v4 ,with keen remorse1 deep sighs1 and trembling fears1 ,repentant groans1 and unavailing tears1 ,this child of misery resigns her breath1 ,and sinks1 despondent1 in the arms of death4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,harlot',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,v4 ,released from ,bridewell1 we now see this victim to her own indiscretion breathe her last sad sigh1 and expire in all the extremity of penury and wretchedness4 ,the two quacks1 whose injudicious treatment has probably accelerated her death1 are vociferously supporting the infallibility of their respective medicines1 and each charging the other with having poisoned her4#fa ,while the maid-servant is entreating them to cease quarrelling1 and assist her dying mistress1 the nurse plunders her trunk of the few poor remains of former grandeur4 ,her little boy turning a scanty remnant of meat hung to roast by a string2 the linen hanging to dry2 the coals deposited in a corner2 the candles1 bellows1 and gridiron hung upon nails2 the furniture of the room1 and indeed every accompaniment1 exhibit a dreary display of poverty and wretchedness4 ,over the candles hangs a cake of ,jew's bread1 once perhaps the property of her ,levitical lover1 and now used as a fly-trap4 ,the initials of her name1 ,m4 ,h41 are smoked upon the ceiling as a kind of memento mori to the next inhabitant4 ,on the floor lies a paper inscribed ,,anodyne ,,necklace1 at that time deemed a sort of ,,charm against the disorders incident to children2#fb and near the fire1 a tobacco-pipe and paper of pills4 ,a picture of general1 and1 at this awful moment1 indecent confusion1 is admirably represented4 ,the noise of two enraged quacks disputing in bad ,english1 the harsh vulgar scream of the maid-servant1 the table falling1 and the pot boiling over1 must produce a combination of sounds dreadful and dissonant to the ear4 ,in this pitiable situation1 without a friend to close her dying eyes or soften her sufferings by a tributary tear1--forlorn1 destitute1 and deserted1--the heroine of this eventful history expires2 her premature death brought on by a licentious life1 seven years of which had been devoted to debauchery and dissipation1 and attended by consequent infamy1 misery1 and disease4 ,the whole story affords a valuable lesson to the young and inexperienced1 and proves this great1 this important truth1 that ,a ,,deviation ,,from ,,virtue ,,is ,a ,,departure ,,from ,,happiness4 ,the emaciated appearance of the dying figure1 the boy's thoughtless inattention1 and the rapacious1 unfeeling eagerness of the old nurse1 are naturally and forcibly delineated4 ,the figures are well grouped2 the curtain gives depth1 and forms a good background to the doctor's head2 the light is judiciously distributed1 and each accompaniment highly appropriate4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,no friend's complaint1 no kind domestic tear1 ,pleas'd thy pale ghost1 or grac'd thy mournful bier3 ,by harlots' hands thy dying eyes were clos'd2 ,by harlots' hands thy decent limbs compos'd2 ,by harlots' hands thy humble grave adorn'd2 ,by harlots honoured1 and by harlots mourn'd4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,harlot',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,the adventures of our heroine are now concluded4 ,she is no longer an actor in her own tragedy2 and there are those who have considered this print as a farce at the end of it3 but surely such was not the author's intention4 ,the ingenious writer of ,tristram ,shandy begins the life of his hero before he is born2 the picturesque biographer of ,mary ,hackabout has found an opportunity to convey admonition1 and enforce his moral1 after her death4 ,a wish usually prevails1 even among those who are most humbled by their own indiscretion1 that some respect should be paid to their remains2 that their eyes should be closed by the tender hand of a surviving friend1 and the tear of sympathy and regret shed upon the sod which covers their grave2 that those who loved them living should attend their last sad obsequies1 and a sacred character read over them the awful service which our religion ordains with the solemnity it demands4 ,the memory of this votary of prostitution meets with no such marks of social attention or pious respect4 ,the preparations for her funeral are as licentious as the progress of her life1 and the contagion of her example seems to reach all who surround her coffin4 ,one of them is engaged in the double trade of seduction and thievery2 a second is contemplating her own face in a mirror4 ,the female who is gazing at the corpse displays some marks of concern1 and feels a momentary compunction at viewing the melancholy scene before her3 but if any other part of the company are in a degree affected1 it is a mere maudlin sorrow1 kept up by glasses of strong liquor4 ,the depraved priest does not seem likely to feel for the dead that hope expressed in our liturgy4#fc ,the appearance and employment of almost every one present at this mockery of woe1 is such as must raise disgust in the breast of any female who has the least tincture of delicacy1 and excite a wish that such an exhibition may not be displayed at her own funeral4 ,in this plate there are some local customs which mark the manners of the times when it was engraved1 but are now generally disused1 except in some of the provinces very distant from the capital2 sprigs of rosemary were then given to each of the mourners3 to appear at a funeral without one1 was as great an indecorum as to be without a white handkerchief4 ,this custom might probably originate at a time when the plague depopulated the metropolis1 and rosemary was deemed an antidote against contagion4 ,it must be acknowledged that there are also in this print some things which1 though they gave the artist an opportunity of displaying his humour1 are violations of propriety and custom3 such is her child1 but a few removes from infancy1 being habited as chief mourner1 to attend his parent to the grave2 rings presented1 and an escutcheon hung up in a garret at the funeral of a needy prostitute4#fd ,the whole may be intended as a burlesque upon ostentatious and expensive funerals1 which were then more customary than they are now4 ,mr4 ,pope has well ridiculed the same folly3 ,when ,hopkins dies1 a thousand lights attend ,the wretch who1 living1 saved a candle's end4 ,the figures have much characteristic discrimination3 the woman looking into the coffin has more beauty than we generally see in the works of this artist4 ,the undertaker's gloating stare1 his companion's leer1 the internal satisfaction of the parson and his next neighbour1 are contrasted by the ,irish howl of the woman at the opposite side1 and evince ,mr4 ,hogarth's thorough knowledge of the operation of the passions upon the features4 ,the composition forms a good shape1 has a proper depth1 and the light is well managed4 ,sir ,james ,thornhill's opinion of this series may be inferred from the following circumstance4 ,mr4 ,hogarth had without consent married his daughter3 ,sir ,james1 considering him as an obscure artist1 was much displeased with the connection4 ,to give him a better opinion of his son-in-law1 a common friend one morning privately conveyed the six pictures of the ,harlot's ,progress into his drawing-room4 ,the veteran painter eagerly inquired who was the artist2 and being told1 cried out1 ,very well6 ,very well indeed6 ,the man who can paint such pictures as these1 can maintain a wife without a portion4 ,this was the remark of the moment2 but he afterwards considered the union of his daughter with a man of such abilities an honour to his family1 was reconciled1 and generous4 ,when the publication was advertised1 such was the expectation of the town1 that above twelve hundred names were entered in the subscription book4 ,when the prints appeared1 they were beheld with astonishment4 ,a subject so novel in the idea1 so marked with genius in the execution1 excited the most eager attention of the public4 ,at a time when ,england was coldly inattentive to everything which related to the arts1 so desirous were all ranks of people of seeing how this little domestic story was delineated1 that there were eight piratical imitations1--besides two copies in a smaller size than the original1 published1 by permission of the author1 for ,thomas ,bakewell4 ,the whole series were copied on fan-mounts1 representing the six plates1 three on one side1 and three on the other4 ,it was transferred from the copper to the stage1 in the form of a pantomime1 by ,theophilus ,cibber2 and again represented in a ballad opera1 entitled1 ,the ,jew ,decoyed1 or the ,harlot's ,progress4 ,a ,joseph ,gay1 and several other wretched rhymers1 published what they called poetical illustrations of ,mr4 ,hogarth's six plates3 but these effusions of dulness do not deserve enumeration2 nor would they deserve mention1 but as collateral proofs of the great estimation in which these prints were held1 when their popularity could force the sale of such miserable productions4 ,happily they are now consigned to those two high priests of the temple of oblivion1 the trunkmaker and the pastrycook4 ,the six original pictures were sold on the #beth of ,january #agdd-e1 and produced eighty-eight pounds four shillings4 ,mr4 ,beckford1 a late ,lord ,mayor of ,london1 was1 ,i believe1 the purchaser4 ,at a fire which burnt down his house at ,fonthill1 ,wiltshire1 in the year #agee1 five of them were consumed4 ,when a messenger brought him intelligence of this unfortunate event1 he said nothing1 but took out his pocket-book1 and wrote down a number of figures1 which he seemed inspecting with the cool precision of a true disciple of ,cocker1 when a friend who was present1 expressing some surprise at his being so collected after so heavy a loss1 asked him what was the subject of his meditation8 to which he answered1 with the most philosophical indifference1 ,i am calculating how much it will cost me to rebuild my house4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,the ,,rake',s ,,progress4 ,,plate ,i4 ,oh1 vanity of age untoward6 ,ever spleeny1 ever froward6 ,why these bolts and massy chains1 ,squint suspicions1 jealous pains8 ,why1 thy toilsome journey o'er1 ,lay'st thou up an useless store8 ,hope along with ,time is flown2 ,nor canst thou reap the field thou'st sown4 ,had'st thou a son8 ,in time be wise2 ,he views thy toil with other eyes4 ,needs must thy kind paternal care1 ,lock'd in thy chests1 be buried there8 ,whence1 then1 shall flow that friendly ease1 ,that social converse1 heartfelt peace1 ,familiar duty without dread1 ,instruction from example bred1 ,which youthful minds with freedom mend1 ,and with the father mix the friend4 ,uncircumscrib'd by prudent rules1 ,or precepts of expensive schools2 ,abus'd at home1 abroad despis'd1 ,unbred1 unletter'd1 unadvis'd2 ,the headstrong course of life begun1 ,what comfort from thy darling son8 --,,hoadley4#fe ,illustration3 ,,the ,,rake',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,i4 ,in the last series of prints ,mr4 ,hogarth delineated1 with a master's hand1 the miseries attendant upon a female's deviation from virtue4 ,in this he presents to us the picture of a young man1 thoughtless1 extravagant1 and licentious2 and1 in colours equally impressive1 paints the destructive consequences of his conduct4 ,the first print most forcibly contrasts two opposite passions1--the unthinking negligence of youth1 and the sordid avaricious rapacity of age4 ,it brings into one point of view what ,mr4 ,pope so exquisitely describes in his ,epistle to ,lord ,bathurst3 ,who sees pale ,mammon pine amidst his store1 ,sees but a backward steward for the poor2 ,this year a reservoir1 to keep and spare2 ,the next a fountain1 spouting through his heir4 ,it represents a young man taking possession of a rich miser's effects1 and is crowded with the monuments of departed avarice4 ,everything1 valuable or not valuable1 has been hoarded4 ,a chest of old plate1 an old coat1 a worn-out boot1 and the caul of a periwig1 are preserved with equal care4 ,the thread-bare garments are hung up2 the rusty spur put into a closet2 and even a spectacle-frame1 without glasses1 is thought worthy of preservation4 ,the contents of his armoury are curious1 and valuable as the lumbering furniture of his room3 they consist of two swords1 which may be considered as trophies of his youthful prowess1 or protectors of his cankered pelf4 ,the crutch and walking-stick1 those unequal supporters of his feeble frame1 now lean unheeded against the wall4 ,his fur cap and greatcoat seem to have been winter substitutes for fire1 as the grate in which a withered ,sibyl is laying wood has no marks of even a remaining cinder4 ,the remnant of candle in a save-all1 the ,jack taken down as an useless piece of furniture1 and1 with the spit1 hoisted into a high cupboard1 give strong indications of the manner in which this votary of ,mammon existed1 for such a being could scarcely be said to live4 ,the gaunt appearance of an half-starved cat proves not only the rigid abstinence practised by this wretched slave to his wealth1 but that in his miserable mansion ,no mouse e'er lurk'd1 no rat e'er sought for food4 ,the iron-bound chests1 the hidden gold falling from the breaking cornice1 and indeed every article that is displayed in this dreary tomb of buried wealth1 give additional marks of a suspicious and sordid disposition4 ,the picture of a miser counting his gold2 the escutcheons1 those gloomy ornaments of departed wretchedness1 with the armorial bearings of avarice1 three vices hard screwed1 are adjuncts highly appropriate to the place2 the motto1 ,,beware1 inscribed under the arms1 is a well-directed caution1 and ought to be seriously considered by those who feel a propensity to this meanest of passions4 ,an old shoe1 soled with the cover of a ,bible1 and the little memorandum1 ,may #eth1 #agba1 put off my bad shilling1 are strong proofs that extreme avarice destroys all reverence for religion1 and eradicates every principle of honesty4 ,the introduction to this history is well delineated1 and the principal figure marked with that easy1 unmeaning vacancy of face which speaks him formed by nature for a ,,dupe4 ,ignorant of the value of money1 and negligent in his nature1 he leaves his bag of untold gold in the reach of an old and greedy pettifogging attorney1#ff who is making an inventory of bonds1 mortgages1 indentures1 etc4 ,this man1 with the rapacity so natural to his profession1 seizes the first opportunity of plundering his employer4 ,hogarth had a few years before been engaged in a lawsuit1 which gave him some experience of the ,,practice of those pests of society4 ,the figure of the young woman with a wedding-ring is not alluring1 neither is her face attractive2 but her being pregnant1 and accompanied by her mother with an apron full of letters1 gives her a claim to our pity1 as it clearly intimates that this is meant as a visit to entreat the promised hand of her seducer2 but he violates every former protestation1 refuses her marriage1 and attempts by a bribe to get a release from the obligation4 ,her mother violently reproaches him for his conduct1 and invokes the curses of offended ,heaven upon his falsehood4 ,in this print the drawing and disposition of the figures are tolerably good1 the light is properly distributed1 and the perspective accurately represented2 but the whole wants mass4 ,to display the hoards1 it was necessary to open the boxes and doors2 and though an exhibition of the heterogeneous collection heaped together by this wretched defrauder of himself most forcibly describes the disposition of the man1 it hurts the repose of the picture4 ,breaking the background into so many parts1 destroys that breadth which ought to be considered as a leading excellence4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,prosperity 7with harlot's smiles1 ,most pleasing when she most beguiles71 ,how soon1 sweet foe1 can all thy train ,of false1 gay1 frantic1 loud1 and vain1 ,enter the unprovided mind1 ,and memory in fetters bind8 ,load faith and love with golden chain1 ,and sprinkle ,lethe o'er the brain6 ,pleasure1 on her silver throne1 ,smiling comes1 nor comes alone2 ,venus comes with her along1 ,and smooth ,lyus1 ever young2 ,and in their train1 to fill the press1 ,come apish ,dance1 and swoln ,excess1 ,mechanic ,honour1 vicious ,taste1 ,and ,fashion in her changing vest4 --,,hoadley4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,rake',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,the sordid avarice of the wretched miser is in this print contrasted by the giddy profusion of his prodigal heir4 ,the old man pined in the midst of plenty1 starved while surrounded by abundance1 and refused himself enjoyment of the absolute necessaries of life from an apprehension of future poverty4 ,not so his son2 he mark'd this oversight1 ,and quite mistook reverse of wrong for right4 ,three years have elapsed1 and our giddy spendthrift1 throwing of the awkwardness of a rustic1 assumes the character and apes the manners of a modern fine gentleman4 ,to qualify himself for performing the part1 he is attended by a ,french tailor1 a milliner1 a ,parisian dancing-master1#fg a ,gallic fencing-master1#fh an ,english prize-fighter1#fi and a teacher of music4#gj ,besides this crowd of masters of arts1 he has at his levee a blower of the ,french horn1 an improver of gardens1#ga a bravo1#gb a jockey1#gc and a poet6 the latter having written a panegyric in honour of this exalted character1 already anticipates approbation and reward4 ,surrounded by such a multitude of attentive friends and warm admirers1 the dissolution of his fortune is inevitable2 it must melt like snow beneath the solar beam4 ,how exactly does ,bramston describe the character in his ,man of ,taste3 ,without ,italian1 and without an ear1 ,to ,bononcini's music ,i adhere4 ,to boon companions ,i my time would give1 ,with players1 pimps1 and parasites ,i'd live2 ,i would with jockeys from ,newmarket dine1 ,and to rough riders give my choicest wine4 ,my evenings all ,i would with sharpers spend1 ,and make the thief-taker my bosom friend2 ,in ,figg the prize-fighter by day delight1 ,and sup with ,colley ,cibber every night4 ,on the back of the musician's chair hangs a list of presents which ,farinelli1 an ,italian singer1 received the day after his performance of a favourite character at the ,opera ,house4 ,among others1 a gold snuff-box1 chased with the story of ,orpheus charming the brutes1 from ,t4 ,rakewell1 ,esq4 ,another memento of musical extravagance is the frontispiece to a poem lying on the floor1 and dedicated to ,esquire ,rakewell1 in which the ladies of ,great ,britain are represented as sacrificing their hearts to this idol of sound1 and crying out with great earnestness1 ,one ,god1 one ,farinelli6 ,this intimates the violent rage of the fashionable world for that most frivolous of all amusements1 the ,italian ,opera4 ,the taste which our prodigal has imbibed for the turf is pointed out by the jockey presenting a silver punch-bowl1 which one of his horses is supposed to have won2 his passion for another royal amusement1 by the portraits of two fighting-cocks1 hung up as the ornaments of his saloon4 ,a picture which he has placed between them bears a whimsical allusion2 it is the ,judgment of ,paris4#gd ,the figures in the background consist of such persons as are general attendants in the ante-chamber of a dissipated man of fashion4 ,the whole is a high-wrought satire on those men of rank and fortune whose follies render them a prey to the artful and rapacious4 ,of the expression in this print we cannot speak more highly than it deserves4 ,every character is marked with its proper and discriminative stamp4 ,it has been said by a very judicious critic1#ge from whom it is not easy to differ without being wrong1 that the hero of this history1 in the first plate of the series1 is unmeaning2 and in the second1 ungraceful4 ,the fact is admitted2 but1 for so delineating him1 the author is entitled to our praise rather than our censure4 ,rakewell's whole conduct proves he was a fool1 and at that time he had not learned how to perform an artificial character2 he therefore looks as he is1 unmeaning and uninformed4 ,but in the second plate he is ungraceful--granted4 ,the ill-educated son of so avaricious a father could not have been introduced into very good company2 and though1 by the different teachers who surround him1 it evidently appears that he wishes to assume the character of a gentleman1 his internal feelings tell him he has not attained it4 ,under that consciousness1 he is properly and naturally represented as ungraceful and embarrassed in his new situation4 ,the light1 it must be acknowledged1 is very ill distributed1 and the figures most inartificially grouped4 ,to infer from hence1 with ,mr4 ,gilpin1 that the artist was at a loss how to group them1 is not quite fair3 his others compositions prove that he was not ignorant of the art1 but in many of them he has been inattentive to it4 ,in this he may have introduced in his print figures which were not inserted in the sketch1 merely because they were appropriate to his story4 ,the expression of the actors in his drama was always his leading object2 composition he considered as secondary1 and was little solicitous about their situation on the stage4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,o vanity of youthful blood1 ,so by misuse to poison good6 ,woman1 framed for social love1 ,fairest gift of powers above1 ,source of every household blessing2 ,all charms in innocence possessing3 ,but1 turn'd to vice1 all plagues above2 ,foe to thy being1 foe to love6 ,guest divine1 to outward viewing2 ,ablest minister of ruin6 ,and thou1 no less of gift divine1 ,sweet poison of misused wine6 ,with freedom led to every part1 ,and secret chamber of the heart1 ,dost thou thy friendly host betray1 ,and show thy riotous gang the way ,to enter in1 with covert treason1 ,o'erthrow the drowsy guard of reason1 ,to ransack the abandoned place1 ,and revel there with wild excess8 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,rake',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,this plate exhibits our licentious prodigal engaged in one of his midnight festivities3 forgetful of the past1 and negligent of the future1 he riots in the present4 ,having poured his libation to ,bacchus1 he concludes the evening orgies in a sacrifice at the ,cyprian shrine2 and1 surrounded by the votaries of ,venus1 joins in the unhallowed mysteries of the place4 ,the companions of his revelry are marked with that easy1 unblushing effrontery which belongs to the servants of all work in the isle of ,paphos2--for the maids of honour1 they are not sufficiently elevated4 ,he may be supposed1 in the phrase of the day1 to have beat the rounds1 overset a constable1 and conquered a watchman1 whose staff and lanthorn he has brought into the room as trophies of his prowess4 ,in this situation he is robbed of his watch by the girl whose hand is in his bosom2 and1 with that adroitness peculiar to an old practitioner1 she conveys her acquisition to an accomplice1 who stands behind the chair4 ,two of the ladies are quarrelling2 and one of them delicately spouts wine in the face of her opponent1 who is preparing to revenge the affront with a knife1 which1 in a posture of threatening defiance1 she grasps in her hand4 ,a third1 enraged at being neglected1 holds a lighted candle to a map of the globe1 determined to set the world on fire though she perish in the conflagration6 ,a fourth is undressing4 ,the fellow bringing in a pewter dish1#gf as part of the apparatus of this elegant and attic entertainment1 a blind harper1#gg a trumpeter1 and a ragged ballad-singer roaring out an obscene song1 completes this motley group4 ,this design may be a very exact representation of what were then the nocturnal amusements of a brothel2--so different are the manners of the year #ahje from those of #agcd1 that ,i much question whether a similar exhibition is now to be seen in any tavern of the metropolis4 ,that we are less licentious than our predecessors1 ,i dare not affirm2 but we are certainly more delicate in the pursuit of our pleasures4 ,the room is furnished with a set of ,roman emperors1--they are not placed in their proper order2 for in the mad revelry of the evening this family of frenzy have decollated all of them except ,nero2 and his manners had too great a similarity to their own to admit of his suffering so degrading an insult3 their reverence for virtue induced them to spare his head4 ,in the frame of a ,csar they have placed the portrait of ,pontac1 an eminent cook1 whose great talents being turned to heightening sensual rather than mental enjoyments1 he has a much better chance of a votive offering from this company than would either ,vespasian or ,trajan4 ,the shattered mirror1 broken wine-glasses1 fractured chair and cane2 the mangled fowl1 with a fork stuck in its breast1 thrown into a corner1 and indeed every accompaniment1 shows that this has been a night of riot without enjoyment1 mischief without wit1 and waste without gratification4 ,with respect to the drawing of the figures in this curious female coterie1 ,hogarth evidently intended several of them for beauties2 and of vulgar1 uneducated1 prostituted beauty1 he had a good idea4 ,the hero of our tale displays all that careless jollity which copious draughts of maddening wine are calculated to inspire2 he laughs the world away1 and bids it pass4 ,the poor dupe without his periwig1 in the background1 forms a good contrast of character3 he is maudlin drunk1 and sadly sick4 ,to keep up the spirit of unity throughout the society1 and not leave the poor ,african girl entirely neglected1 she is making signs to her friend the porter1 who perceives1 and slightly returns1 her love-inspiring glance4 ,this print is rather crowded1--the subject demanded it should be so2 some of the figures thrown into shade might have helped the general effect1 but would have injured the characteristic expression4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,o vanity of youthful blood1 ,so by misuse to poison good6 ,reason awakes1 and views unbarr'd ,the sacred gates he wish'd to guard2 ,approaching1 see the harpy ,law1 ,and ,poverty1 with icy paw1 ,ready to seize the poor remains ,that vice has left of all his gains4 ,cold penitence1 lame after-thought1 ,with fear1 despair1 and horror fraught1 ,call back his guilty pleasures dead1 ,whom he hath wrong'd1 and whom betray'd4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,rake',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,the career of dissipation is here stopped4 ,dressed in the first style of the ton1 and getting out of a sedan chair1 with the hope of shining in the circle1 and perhaps forwarding a former application for a place or a pension1 he is arrested6 ,to intimate that being plundered is the certain consequence of such an event1 and to show how closely one misfortune treads upon the heels of another1 a boy is at the same moment picking his pocket4 ,the unfortunate girl whom he basely deserted is now a milliner1 and naturally enough attends in the crowd to mark the fashions of the day4 ,seeing his distress1 with all the eager tenderness of unabated love1 she flies to his relief4 ,possessed of a small sum of money1 the hard earnings of unremitted industry1 she generously offers her purse for the liberation of her worthless favourite4 ,this releases the captive beau1 and displays a strong instance of female affection1 which1 being once planted in the bosom1 is rarely eradicated by the coldest neglect or harshest cruelty4 ,the high-born1 haughty ,welshman1 with an enormous leek1 and a countenance keen and lofty as his native mountains1 establishes the chronology1 and fixes the day to be the first of ,march2 which1 being sacred to the titular saint of ,wales1 was observed at court4#gh ,the background exhibits a view of ,st ,james's ,palace1 and ,white's ,chocolate ,house1 then the rendezvous of the first gamesters in ,london4 ,at this fountainhead of dissipation the artist has aimed a flash of lightning2 and to show the contagion of example1 and how much this ruinous vice prevails even in the lowest ranks of society1 he has in one corner of the print represented an assembly composed of shoe-blacks1 chimney-sweepers1 etc41#gi who1 aping the vices of their superiors1 are engaged at cards1 dice1 cups and balls1 and pricking in the belt4 ,to intimate how eagerly these minor gamblers enter into the spirit of what they are engaged in1 one of them is naked1 and having staked and lost his clothes1 is now throwing for his stock in trade1 a basket1 brushes1 and blacking4 ,the little smutty smoking politician is reading the ,farthing ,post2 his attention is exquisitely marked2 his whole soul is engaged2 and1 regardless of the confusion which reigns around1 he contemplates ,the fate of empires1 and the fall of kings4 ,a chimney-sweeper peeping at the postboy's cards1 and informing his adversary that he has two honours1 by holding up two fingers1 is a fine stroke of humour2 as the inscription ,black's1 being on a post#hj close to where this congress of the privileged orders are assembled1 is an excellent antithesis when contrasted to ,white's1 on the opposite side4 ,the grouping is good1 the perspective agreeable1 and the expression admirable4 ,the trembling terror of the beau1 agitated to the very soul1 is well contrasted by the hard unfeeling insolence of two bailiffs2 and that1 again1 opposed by the tender solicitude of the poor girl4 ,the gunpowder mark of a star on the side of the naked shoe-black1 who is putting his last stake on the hazard of a die1 is another well-pointed piece of satire on the conduct of those high-born gamesters1 who at the opposite house1 with a dignified disregard for the future fate of themselves or their families1 put their last acre on the same issue4 ,the boy with a pipe and little pewter measure and glass by his side1 shows that smoking and drinking drams was not peculiar to adults1 but sometimes practised by young gentlemen before their attainment of what the law calls years of discretion4 ,,plate ,v4 ,new to the school of hard mishap1 ,driven from the ease of fortune's lap1 ,what schemes will nature not embrace ,t' avoid less shame of drear distress8 ,gold can the charms of youth bestow1 ,and mask deformity with show3 ,gold can avert the sting of shame1 ,in ,winter's arms create a flame3 ,can couple youth with hoary age1 ,and make antipathies engage4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,rake',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,v4 ,to be thus degraded by the rude enforcement of the law1 and relieved from an exigence by one whom he had injured1 would have wounded1 humbled1 ,i had almost said reclaimed1 any man who had either feeling or elevation of mind2 but1 to mark the progression of vice1 we here see this depraved1 lost character1 hypocritically violating every natural feeling of the soul to recruit his exhausted finances1 and marrying an old and withered ,sibyl1 at the sight of whom nature must recoil4 ,the ceremony passes in ,marybone ,church1 which was then considered at such a distance from ,london1 as to become the usual resort of those who wished to be privately married4#ha ,that such was the view of this prostituted young man1 may be fairly inferred from a glance at the object of his choice4 ,her charms are heightened by the affectation of an amorous leer1 which she directs to her youthful husband1 in grateful return for a similar compliment which she supposed paid to herself4 ,this gives her face much meaning1 but meaning of such a sort1 that an observer being asked1 ,how dreadful must be this creature's hatred8 would naturally reply1 ,how hateful must be her love6 ,in his demeanour we discover an attempt to appear at the altar with becoming decorum3 but internal perturbation darts through assumed tranquillity2 for though he is plighting his troth to the old woman1 his eyes are fixed on the young girl who kneels behind her4#hb ,the parson and clerk seem made for each other3 a sleepy1 stupid solemnity marks every muscle of the divine1 and the nasal droning of the lay brother is most happily expressed4 ,accompanied by her child and mother1 the unfortunate victim of his seduction is here again introduced1 endeavouring to enter the church and forbid the banns4 ,the opposition made by an old pew-opener1 with her bunch of keys1 gave the artist a good opportunity for indulging his taste in the burlesque1 and he has not neglected it4 ,a dog#hc paying his addresses to a one-eyed quadruped of his own species1 is a happy parody of the unnatural union going on in the church4 ,the ,commandments are broken3#hd a crack runs near the tenth1 which says1 ,thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife2 a prohibition in the present case hardly necessary4 ,the ,creed is destroyed by the damps of the church2 and so little attention has been paid to the poor's box1 that--it is covered with a cobweb666 ,these three high-wrought strokes of satirical humour were perhaps never equalled by an exertion of the pencil2 excelled they cannot be4 ,on one of the pew-doors is the following curious specimen of churchyard poetry and mortuary orthography3-- ,,these 3 ,,pewes 3 ,,vnscrud 3 ,,and ,,tane 3 ,,in 3 ,,svnder ,,in 3 ,,stone 3 ,,thers 3 ,,grauen 3 ,,what 3 ,,is 3 ,,vnder ,,to 3 ,,wit 3 ,a ,,valt 3 ,,for 3 ,,burial 3 ,,there 3 ,,is ,,which 3 ,,edward 3 ,,forset 3 ,,made 3 ,,for 3 ,,him 3 ,,and 3 ,,his4#he ,a glory over the bride's head is whimsical4 ,the bay and holly1 which decorate the pews1 give a date to the period1 and determine this preposterous union of ,january with ,june to have taken place about the time of ,christmas1 ,when ,winter linger'd in her icy veins4 ,addison would have classed her among the evergreens of the sex4 ,it has been observed1 that the church is too small1 and that the wooden post1 which seems to have no use1 divides the picture very disagreeably4#hf ,this cannot be denied3 but it appears to be meant as an accurate representation of the place1 and the artist delineated what he saw4 ,the grouping is good1 and the principal figure has the air of a gentleman4 ,the light is well distributed1 and the scene most characteristically represented4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,gold1 thou bright son of ,phbus1 source ,of universal intercourse2 ,of weeping ,virtue soft redress3 ,and blessing those who live to bless3 ,ye oft behold this sacred trust1 ,the tool of avaricious lust2 ,no longer bond of human kind1 ,but bane of every virtuous mind4 ,what chaos such misuse attends1 ,friendship stoops to prey on friends2 ,health1 that gives relish to delight1 ,is wasted with the wasting night2 ,doubt and mistrust is thrown on ,heaven1 ,and all its power to chance is given4 ,sad purchase of repentant tears1 ,of needless quarrels1 endless fears1 ,of hopes of moments1 pangs of years6 ,sad purchase of a tortur'd mind1 ,to an imprison'd body join'd4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,rake',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,though now1 from the infatuated folly of his antiquated wife1 in possession of a fortune1 he is still the slave of that baneful vice which1 while it enslaves the mind1 poisons the enjoyments1 and sweeps away the possessions of its deluded votaries4 ,destructive as the earthquake which convulses nature1 it overwhelms the pride of the forest1 and engulfs the labours of the architect4 ,newmarket and the cock-pit were the scenes of his early amusements2 to crown the whole1 he is now exhibited at a gaming-table1 where all is lost6 ,his countenance distorted with agony1 and his soul agitated almost to madness1 he imprecates vengeance upon his own head4 ,in heartfelt bitter anguish he appears1 ,and from the bloodshot ball gush purpled tears6 ,he beats his brow1 with rage and horror fraught2 ,his brow half bursts with agony of thought6 ,that he should be deprived of all he possessed in such a society as surround him1 is not to be wondered at4 ,one of the most conspicuous characters appears1 by the pistols in his pocket1 to be a highwayman3 from the profound stupor of his countenance1 we are certain he also is a losing gamester2 and so absorbed in reflection1 that neither the boy who brings him a glass of water1 nor the watchman's cry of ,fire6 can arouse him from his reverie4 ,another of the party is marked for one of those well-dressed ,continental adventurers1 who1 being unable to live in their own country1 annually pour into this1 and with no other requisites than a quick eye1 an adroit hand1 and an undaunted forehead1 are admitted into what is absurdly enough called good company4 ,at the table a person in mourning grasps his hat1 and hides his face in the agony of repentance1#hg not having1 as we infer from his weepers1 received that legacy of which he is now plundered more than a little month4 ,on the opposite side is another on whom fortune has severely frowned1 biting his nails in the anguish of his soul4 ,the fifth completes the climax2 he is frantic1 and with a drawn sword endeavours to destroy a pauvre miserable whom he supposes to have cheated him1 but is prevented by the interposition of one of those staggering votaries of ,bacchus who are to be found in every company where there is good wine2 and gaming1 like the rod of ,moses1 so far swallows up every other passion1 that the actors1 engrossed by greater objects1 willingly leave their wine to the audience4 ,in the background are two collusive associates eagerly dividing the profits of the evening4 ,a nobleman in the corner is giving his note to an usurer4#hh ,the lean and hungry appearance of this cent4 per cent4 worshipper of the golden calf is well contrasted by the sleek contented vacancy of so well-employed a legislator of this great empire4 ,seated at the table1 a portly gentleman1#hi of whom we see very little1 is coolly sweeping off his winnings4 ,so engrossed is every one present by his own situation1 that the flames which surround them are disregarded1#ij and the vehement cries of a watchman entering the room are necessary to rouse their attention to what is generally deemed the first law of nature1 self-preservation4#ia ,the grouping of the figures in this print is masterly2 but the light1 being reflected from various sources1 overbalances the shadow1 and fatigues the eye4 ,the perspective1 though formal1 is natural4 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,happy the man whose constant thought 7,though in the school of hardship taught7 ,can send remembrance back to fetch ,treasures from life's earliest stretch2 ,who1 self-approving1 can review ,scenes of past virtues1 which shine through ,the gloom of age1 and cast a ray ,to gild the evening of his day6 ,not so the guilty wretch confin'd3 ,no pleasures meet his conscious mind2 ,no blessings brought from early youth1 ,but broken faith1 and wrested truth2 ,talents idle and unus'd1 ,and every trust of ,heaven abus'd1 ,in seas of sad reflection lost1 ,from horrors still to horrors toss'd1 ,reason the vessel leaves to steer1 ,and gives the helm to mad ,despair4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,rake',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,it is pithily and profitably observed by ,mr4 ,hugh ,latimer1 or some other venerable writer of his day1 that the direct path from a gaming-house is unto a prisonne1 for the menne who doe neeste themselves in these pestiferous hauntes1 being either fooles or cheates1 be punished3 if fooles1 by their own undoing2 if cheates1 by the biting lash of the beadle1 and the durance of their vile bodies4 ,in the plate before us this remark is verified4 ,our improvident spendthrift is now lodged in that dreary receptacle of human misery--a prison4 ,his countenance exhibits a picture of despair2 the forlorn state of his mind is displayed in every limb1 and his exhausted finances by the turnkey's demand of prison fees not being answered1 and the boy refusing to leave a tankard of porter unless he is paid for it4 ,we learn by a letter upon the table1 that a play which he sent for the manager's inspection will not doe2#ib and we see by the enraged countenance of his wife1 that she is violently reproaching him for having deceived and ruined her4 ,to crown this catalogue of human tortures1 the poor girl whom he deserted is come with her child1--perhaps to comfort him1 to alleviate his sorrows1 to soothe his sufferings3 but the agonizing view is too much for her agitated frame2 shocked at the prospect of that misery which she cannot remove1 every object swims before her eyes1 a film covers the sight1 the blood forsakes her cheeks1 her lips assume a pallid hue1 and she sinks to the floor of the prison in temporary death4 ,what a heart-rending prospect for him by whom this is occasioned6 ,should he in the anguish of his soul inquire1 ,who is it that hath caused this8 that inward monitor1 which to him must be a perpetual torment1 would reply in the words that ,nathan said unto ,david1 ,thou art the man6 ,such an accumulation of woe must shake reason from her throne4 ,the thin partitions which divide judgment from distraction are thrown down1 the fine fibres of the brain are overstrained1 and in the place of godlike apprehension1 ,chaos and anarchy assume the sway4 ,that balm of a wounded mind1--the recollection of connubial love1 parental joys1 and all the nameless tender sympathies which calm the troubled soul1--in his blank and blotted memory find no place4 ,remorse and self-abhorrence rankle in his bosom6 his groans1 heaved from the heart1 pierce the air6 he is chained6 rages6 gnashes his teeth1 and tears his quivering flesh6 ,at this dreadful crisis he sees1 or seems to see1 ,a fiend1 in evil moments ever nigh1 ,death in her hand1 and frenzy in her eye6 ,her eye all red1 and sunk6 ,a robe she wore1 ,with life's calamities embroidered o'er4 ,from me 7she cries71 pale wretch1 thy comfort claim1 ,born of ,despair1 and ,suicide my name4 ,he attempts to take away that life which is become hateful to him2 is prevented1 and removed to a cell more dreadful than even a prison3 ,where ,misery and ,madness hold their court4 ,but let us for a moment return to the present scene4 ,the wretched1 squalid inmate who is assisting the fainting female1 bears every mark of being naturalized to the place3 out of his pocket hangs a scroll1 on which is inscribed1 ,a scheme to pay the national debt1 by ,j4 ,l41 now a prisoner in the ,fleet4 ,so attentive was this poor gentleman to the debts of the nation1 that he totally forgot his own4 ,the cries of the child1 and the good-natured attentions of the two women1 heighten the interest1 and realize the scene4 ,over the group are a large pair of wings1 with which some emulator of ,dedalus intended to escape from his confinement2 but finding them inadequate to the execution of his project1 has placed them upon the tester of his bed4 ,they would not exalt him to the regions of air1 but they o'er-canopy him on earth4 ,a chemist in the background1 happy in his views1 watching the moment of projection1 is not to be disturbed from his dream by anything less than the fall of the roof or the bursting of his retort2 and if his dream affords him felicity1 why should he be awakened8 ,the bed and gridiron1 those poor remnants of our miserable spendthrift's wrecked property1 are brought here as necessary in his degraded situation2 on one he must try to repose his wearied frame1 on the other he is to dress his scanty meal4 ,the grated gate1 secured with tenfold bars of iron1 reminds us of ,milton's ,infernal doors1 that on their hinges grate ,harsh thunder6 ,the principal figure is wonderfully delineated4 ,every muscle is marked1 every nerve is unstrung2 we see into his very soul4 ,the poor prisoner who is assisting the fainting woman is ill drawn2 the group of which she is the principal figure is unskilfully contrived3 it forms a round heavy mass4 ,the opposite group1 though better1 is not pleasing4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,madness6 thou chaos of the brain1 ,what art8 that pleasure giv'st and pain1 ,tyranny of fancy's reign6 ,mechanic fancy6 that can build ,vast labyrinths and mazes wild1 ,with rule disjointed1 shapeless measure1 ,fill'd with horror1 fill'd with pleasure6 ,shapes of horror1 that would even ,cast doubt of mercy upon ,heaven2 ,shapes of pleasure1 that but seen1 ,would split the shaking sides of ,spleen4 ,o vanity of age6 here see ,the stamp of ,heaven effac'd by thee6 ,the headstrong course of youth thus run1 ,what comfort from this darling son8 ,his rattling chains with terror hear1 ,behold death grappling with despair6 ,see him by thee to ruin sold1 ,and curse thyself1 and curse thy gold6 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,rake',s ,,progress1 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,last scene of all1--which ends this strange eventful history6 ,but in this scene1 dreary and horrid as are its accompaniments1 he is attended by the faithful and kind-hearted female whom he so basely betrayed4 ,in the first plate we see him refuse her his promised hand4 ,in the fourth she releases him from the harpy fangs of a bailiff2 she is present at his marriage4 ,in the hope of relieving his distress1 she follows him to a prison4 ,wishing to soothe his misery and alleviate his woe1 she here attends him in a madhouse6 ,what a return for deceit and desertion6 ,the ,reverend ,mr4 ,gilpin1 in his elucidation of these eight prints1 asserts that this thought is rather unnatural1 and the moral certainly culpable4#ic ,with the utmost deference for his critical abilities1 ,i must entertain a different opinion4 ,we have had many similar examples of female attachment4 ,if it be culpable to forgive those which have despitefully used us1 to free those which are in bonds1 to visit those which are in prison1 and to comfort those which are in affliction1 what meaning have the divine precepts of our holy religion8 ,the female mind is naturally credulous1 affectionate1 and--in its attachments--ardent4 ,if1 in her peculiar situation1 her assiduities must be deemed in any degree culpable1 let us remember that this is but a frail vessel of refined clay4 ,when the awful record of her errors is unrolled1 may that sigh which was breathed for the misery of a fellow-mortal waft away the scroll1 and the tears which flowed for the calamities of others float the memorial down the stream of oblivion6 ,on the errors of women1 let us look with the allowance and humanity of men4 ,enchanting woman6 thou balm of life6 soother of sorrow6 solace of the soul6 how dost thou lessen the load of human misery1 and lead the wretched into the valley of delight6 ,without thee1 how heavily would man drag through a dreary world2 but if the white hand of a fascinating female be twined round his arm1 how joyous1 how lightly doth he trip along the path6 ,that warm and tender friend1 who in the most trying situations retains her enthusiastic fondness1 and in every change of fortune preserves unabated love1 ought to be embraced as the first bension of heaven1 the completion of earthly happiness6 ,let man but draw such a prize in the lottery of life1 and glide down the stream of existence with such a partner1 and neither the cold averted eye of a summer friend1 nor the frowns of an adverse fortune1 should ever produce a pang or excite a murmur4 ,but enough1--let not the chaste feelings of blushing innocence be wounded by this rhapsody1 or for a moment suppose that the episode1 or effusion1 or e'en whatever she pleases1 is intended as a vindication of female folly2 in good truth it is not4 ,the writer would not wish it delivered to the cold-fingered portress of ,diana's temple1 but it may be laid upon that altar which is sacred to ,friendship1 to ,hymen1 to ,love4--,there we will leave it1 and return to the plate before us4 ,a gentleman#id from whom ,i have once or twice reluctantly presumed to differ1 says that the drawing of the principal figure is a more accurate piece of anatomy than we commonly find in the works of this master4 ,the observation is perfectly just1 but the inaccuracies of ,mr4 ,hogarth did not arise from inability1 but from inattention4 ,he says further1 that the expression of the principal figure is rather unmeaning4 ,the late and ever to be lamented ,mr4 ,mortimer1 whose wonderful abilities as an artist were only equalled by his amiable and kind-hearted virtues as a man1--the late ,mr4 ,mortimer1 of whom ,i can never think without a sigh of regard and regret1 thought very differently4 ,he was once requested to delineate several of the passions1 as they are personified by ,mr4 ,gray4 ,one of the subjects proposed was1-- ,moody madness1 laughing wild1 amid severest woe4 ,the instant this line was read to him1 he opened a portfolio1 took out the eighth plate of the ,rake's ,progress1 and pointing to the principal figure1 exclaimed1 ,sir1 if ,i had never seen this print1 ,i should say it was not possible to paint these contending passions in the same countenance4 ,having seen this1 which exactly displays ,mr4 ,gray's idea1 ,i dare not attempt it4 ,i could only make a correct copy2 for the alteration of a single line would be a departure from the character4 ,the reclining figure1 with a cross leaning near him1 is in a high degree terrific4#ie ,with horror wild1 ',tis ,devotion's ruin'd child1 ,sunk in the emphasis of grief2 ,nor can he feel1 nor dares he ask relief4 ,in the cell are the portraits of three saints1 whose systems were built on the necessity of propagating the religion of mercy by the sword and the wheel4 ,near him are two astronomers1 one with a paper rolled up to imitate a telescope1 gazing at the roof1 in the idea that it is ,the spacious canopy of heaven1 fretted with golden fires4 ,the other1 delineating the firing off a bomb and a ship moored at a distance1 is an immediate ridicule of ,whiston's project for the discovery of the longitude1--an object which at this time engaged the attention of the philosophical world1 and in the fruitless search after which many a feeble head hath become mad1 north--north-west6 ,the opposite group form a whimsical trio4 ,a mad musician1 a counterfeit presentment of ,st4 ,peter1 and a poor gentleman1 with his hands clasped together1 that appears by the inscription of ,charming ,betty ,careless1 which he has chalked upon a board1 to be ,craz'd with care1 and cross'd by hopeless love4 ,he is absorbed in thought1 and his whole soul so engrossed by the charms of his ,dulcinea1 that neither the discordant sounds of the fiddler1 whose trembling strings ,grate harshly on the nerve auricular1 nor the roar of the pope1 who is furiously denouncing destruction on all heretics1 nor the ear-piercing noise of a barking cur1 can awake him from his reverie4 ,a crazy tailor and a mimic monarch complete this congregation of calamity4 ,two women1 impelled by a most unaccountable curiosity1 are walking in the background4 ,devoid of that delicacy which gives beauty new attractions1 they forget that an eagerness to witness woe which they cannot alleviate1 gives strong indication of an hardened and unfeeling heart4 ,the halfpenny stuck against a wall1 and dated #agfc1 was inserted by ,mr4 ,hogarth the year before his death1 and is designed to intimate that ,britannia was then mad4 ,this is one of the few instances wherein he has called in the aid of allegory1 but his allegory was always seasoned with wit4 ,of the expression ,i have already spoken4 ,the disposition of the figures is good4 ,that group in which the usurper of ,st4 ,peter's chair is the principal object1 is well contrived4 ,there is great simplicity and breadth in the background1 and the light and perspective are judicious4 ,protract not1 curious ears1 the mournful tale2 ,but o'er the hapless group low drop ,compassion's veil4 ,the eight prints of the ,rake's ,progress1 with ,southwark ,fair1 were advertised in the ,london ,daily ,post to be delivered ,june #beth1 #agce1 with an apology for the publication being deferred1 which ,mr4 ,hogarth states to have been occasioned by his waiting until the royal assent was given to an ,act intended to secure all new invented prints from being copied1 etc4 ,this series are in every respect superior to those which preceded them1 but were not honoured with an equal attention by the public4 ,from what did this arise8 ,were the town more interested in the story of an harlot than in the adventures of a rake1 or had this new mode of engraving history lost its novelty8 ,on this occasion was published an octavo pamphlet1 entitled1 ,the ,rake's ,progress1 or the ,humours of ,drury ,lane1 a ,poem in eight ,cantos1 in ,hudibrastic verse2 being the ,rambles of a modern ,oxonian3 which is a complete ,key to the eight ,prints lately published by the celebrated ,mr4 ,hogarth4 ,printed for ,john ,chetwood1 and sold at ,inigo ,jones' ,head1 against ,exeter ,change1 ,strand1 #agce4 ,this is a most contemptible and indecent performance4 ,in some of the copies are inserted eight prints2 but they are only the designs of ,hogarth mutilated1 and perhaps were originally engraved for the decoration of some other work4 ,there is reason to believe that the artist once intended to have introduced the ceremony of a marriage contract1 instead of the levee1 as an unfinished painting of the scene is still preserved4 ,in this sketch he appears to have thought of taking the same ground with ,mr4 ,pope3 ,what brought ,sir ,visto's ill-got wealth to waste8 ,some demon whisper'd1 ',visto1 have a taste4' ,for our ,rake is there turned connoisseur2 and among a number of articles which prove him a man of virtu1 is a canvas containing the representation of a human foot4#if ,in the year #agde the eight pictures were sold by auction1 at ,mr4 ,hogarth's in ,leicester ,fields1 and produced twenty-two guineas each2 total1 one hundred and eighty-four pounds1 sixteen shillings4 ,they are now1 ,i believe1 in the possession of ,mr4 ,beckford of ,fonthill1 in ,wiltshire4 ,,southwark ,,fair4 ,the crowded scene will please us then1 ,and the busy hum of men2 ,the ,thespian throng1 and champions bold1 ,their jubilee of triumph hold3 ,with store of wenches1 whose bright eyes ,rain influence1 and judge the prize ,of hat or shirt1--while all contend ,to catch her glance whom all commend4 ,come1 ,sport1 that wrinkled ,care derides2 ,and ,laughter1 holding both his sides2 ,and puppet-show1 and quaint device1 ,and ,troy in flames1 and rattling dice3 ,and ,comedy1 with wreathed smiles2 ,and ,music1 that dull care beguiles2 ,here let the droning bagpipe be1 ,and there the cheerful fiddle see4 ,nor be our joys to earth confin'd1-- ,but1 light as air1 swift as the wind1 ,let ,cadman cut the liquid sky1 ,and on the rope ,violante fly4 ,our trumpet's loud clangour ,excites not to arms2 ,no shrill notes of anger1 ,no horrid alarms1 ,the double1 double1 double beat ,of the thundering drum1 ,tells--the actors are come2 ,let us follow1 nor think of retreat4 ,i'll to the well-trod stage anon1 ,if ,settle's#ig 'cumber'd sock be on2 ,or heavy ,howard1#ih ,folly's child1 ,in native nonsense soareth wild4 ,these joys if ,southwark ,fair can give1 ,in ,southwark ,fair a week ,i'll live4 ,illustration3 ,,southwark ,,fair4 ,at a time when martial hardihood was the only accomplishment likely to confer distinction1 when war was thought to be the most honourable pursuit1 and agriculture deemed the only necessary employment1 there was little social intercourse1 and so few retail dealers1 that men had no very easy means of procuring those articles which they occasionally wanted4 ,to remove this inconvenience1 it was found necessary to establish some general mart1 where they might be supplied4 ,fairs were therefore instituted1 as a proper medium between the buyer and seller1 and were at first considered as merely places of trade4#ii ,they were generally held on saints' days4 ,some of them continued open many weeks1 and had peculiar privileges to encourage the attendance of those who had goods upon sale4 ,the pedlar travelled from city to city1 or from town to town1 with his moveable warehouse1 and furnished his customers with what served them until his periodical return4 ,as men grew more polished their wants increased1 their intercourse became more general1 and the importance of commerce was better understood4 ,the merchant deposited his goods in a warehouse1 and the trader opened a shop4 ,fairs1 deserted by men of business1 gradually changed their nature1 and1 instead of being crowded by the active and the industrious1 were the haunts of the idle and the dissolute4#ajj ,such were they at the time of this delineation1 which was made about the year #agcc1 and may be considered as a true picture of the holiday amusements of that period4 ,at the head of these we must place what were than called stage-plays1--a most favourite diversion of your ,englishman ever since the time ,when sweetest ,shakspeare1 ,fancy's child1 ,warbled his native woodnotes wild4 ,in these humble representations some of our greatest actors made their first appearance2 and not a few of them1 even after they had attained high eminence1 ranted1 strutted1 and bellowed through all the days the fairs were kept open1 to their own emolument1 and the heartfelt pleasure of the ,wapping beaux and the black-eyed beauties of ,saltpetre ,bank4 ,the play now enacting appears to be the ,fall of ,bajazet1#aja--;and it is performed to the life2 for the unsure scaffolding1 not being built to bear the terror-working stamps of the furious ,turk1 tumbles to the ground4 ,the tyrant's turban is shaken from his head1 the truncheon is dropped from his hand1 and with the moralizing ,tamerlane he joins the general crash1 and threatens destruction to the china jars and bowls which are beneath4 ,not only the heroes and heroine of the drama1 but both band and musical instruments are involved in the ruin4 ,the band1 it is true1 consists of--a solitary fiddler2 and the instruments are--a violin and a salt-box4 ,the monkey and the merry-andrew seem the only two animals likely to evade injury in this universal wreck4 ,corporeal dexterity at such a time is more useful than mental acquirements4 ,the ,amazonian1 with a hat1 feather1 and drum1 is a beauty of ,mr4 ,hogarth's school1 belongs to a company of comedians1 and is beating up for an audience4 ,the gaping astonishment of two rustics who are looking at her is inimitably described4 ,one of them1 awe-struck by her figure1 has pulled off his hat in reverence of her charms2 the other wonders with a foolish face of praise4 ,a buskined hero1 arrayed perhaps for an ,alexander1 has his career of glory stopped by a sheriff's officer1 who pays no respect ,to ,macedonia's madman1 or the ,swede4 ,the hero puts his hand to his sword1 but the bailiffs follower secures his other arm1 and aims a bludgeon at his head4 ,a younger branch of the family of the ,simples1 with a whip in one hand and the other hooked on a young girl's arm1 is so lost in gaping astonishment at the variety of objects around him1 that he neglects his pockets1 which an adroit candidate for ,tyburn is clearing of their contents4 ,while one fellow kisses a girl1#ajb another endeavours to decoy her two companions4 ,a prize-fighter1 furrowed with scars1 makes his triumphal entry on a blind horse1 and1 calling up a face of terror1 and grasping his sword1 hurls a proud defiance to all who dare appear as his competitors4 ,a juggler1 in a senatorial wig1 displays magic wonders with the cups and balls2 and above him is a fellow with a pair of artificial legs extended on a board3 one of these legs a man beneath is either attempting to break1 or using as a lever to give a summerset to a tumbler1 who kneels upon the other4 ,a hat displayed on the end of a pole is the prize of the best wrestler on the green2 and a holland chemise will reward the fair racer swiftest of foot4 ,a quack doctor1 in laced hat1 long periwig1 and embroidered coat1 mounted upon a stage and attended by his merry-andrew1 dispenses his infallible medicines4 ,to attract the notice of a gaping crowd1 this iron-throated descendant of ,paracelsus eats fire4 ,that ancient puppet-show joke of ,mr4 ,punch's horse picking the pocket of the chequered fool of the farce1 is exhibited in a balcony1 on one side of which is a bout at cudgels by puppets all alive6 ,under a show-cloth1 which announces ,the ,siege of ,troy#ajc is here1 are a company rehearsing some part of the play4 ,by a sun upon the breast of the figure in a mitre1 we know him to be the high-priest of ,apollo1 the venerable ,chryses4 ,while one arm of this sage of many sorrows is twined round the pole which supports the wooden horse1 the other is stretched out in moving supplication1 entreating the hearers to ,relieve a wretched parent's pain1 ,and give ,chryses to his arms again4 ,chryses1 however1 is perfectly satisfied with her situation4 ,seated in all the pride of conscious beauty close to the haughty ,atrides1 and glorying in his protection1 she prefers the lover to the parent4 ,the inexorable chief nods his plumed crest1 grasps his truncheon1 and looks with threatening brow on all around4 ,no tears subdue him1 no entreaties move1 ,he dares avenging ,phbus1 son of ,jove4 ,a little fellow with long hair1 playing upon the bagpipes1#ajd is attended by a dancing dog1 dressed en militaire1 and with his foot dances his ,fantoccini figures4 ,his ,madame ,catharina does not excite the attention she merits3 the woman with a dice-box has superior attractions2 and a country fellow1 in a coat which seems to have been the ,sunday habiliment of his forefathers for many generations1 is trying his fortune1 though earnestly dissuaded by his more prudent son from putting his pence in so perilous a situation4 ,the woman1 with that energetic eloquence which marks the orators of ,billingsgate1 rates the boy for daring to doubt her honesty4 ,on the other side1 a ,savoyard music-grinder1 with her galante show1 is attended by a dwarf drummer1 and collecting pence from the little people who prefer a wonderful and surprising prospect of every court in ,europe to a pennyworth of gingerbread4 ,in the distance1 a set of figures have been engaged at quarter-staff1 then a favourite amusement2 and the conqueror1 waving his flag of victory1 is hoisted upon the shoulders of another man2 and thus triumphantly exalted1 the air echoes with loud and reiterated acclamations in honour of his prowess4 ,having despatched the herd#aje of characters who people the scene on earth1 ,i reserved to a class by themselves those who are buoyant in the air4 ,the figure vaulting on a rope was designed for ,signora ,violante1 who signalized herself in the reign of ,george ,i4 ,she was followed by some inferior performers2 but the science of rope-dancing and riding has now arrived at its acme1 and is rising into such estimation with the public1 that ,dr4 ,johnson's prophecy may1 at a future day1 be wholly fulfilled in our royal theatres4 ,in part it has been already verified3 ,perhaps where ,lear has rav'd and ,hamlet died1 ,on flying cars new sorcerers may ride2 ,perhaps 7for who can guess th' effects of chance87 ,here ,hunt may box1 or ,mahomet may dance4 ,the man descending from a steeple represents one ,cadman1 who1 in the memory of some persons now living1 performed the same feat at ,st4 ,martin's in the ,fields1 from the steeple of which he descended into the ,mews4 ,in an experiment of the like nature at ,shrewsbury1 the rope breaking1 he was dashed to pieces4 ,a show-cloth over the ,fall of ,bajazet is almost a direct copy from a very coarse etching made by ,john ,laguerre1 son of ,louis ,laguerre1 whom ,pope has immortalized for his sprawling saints4 ,on the upper part of the print is inscribed1 ,the ,stage ,mutiny4 ,it alludes to some disputes between the managers of ,drury ,lane and such of the actors as were spirited up to rebellion by ,theophilus ,cibber1 and seceded to the ,haymarket in #agcc4 ,as this made much noise in its day1 it may not be unentertaining to narrate some of the circumstances which occasioned it4 ,the patent for ,drury ,lane being renewed1 ,mr4 ,booth1 who found his health decline1 began to think it was time to dispose of his share and interest in the theatre4 ,the purchaser was ,john ,highmore1 ,esq41 a gentleman who had unhappily contracted an attachment to the stage1 from having one night performed the part of ,lothario for a wager4#ajf ,he gave ,booth #bejj for half his share in the property1 and his whole right in the management4 ,mr4 ,wilkes had previously appointed ,ellis his deputy2 and ,colley ,cibber1 extremely displeased that two strangers should be thus empowered to interfere1 authorized his son to act for him in everything that concerned his share in the management4 ,the first season ended with some profit to the new patentees2 but ,mr4 ,highmore being disgusted by the impertinence of young ,cibber1 determined to exonerate himself from his interference1 and1 for the sum of three thousand guineas1 purchased the elder ,cibber's right in the theatre4 ,two years had hardly passed before the principal actors1 encouraged by ,theophilus ,cibber1 determined to revolt from the patentee2 and as the little theatre in the ,haymarket was then unoccupied1 agreed to rent it from the proprietor1 and opened their campaign with the comedy of ,love for ,love1 at which they were attended by an elegant and crowded audience4 ,the patentees1 though weakened by this desertion1 began to act at the usual time4 ,to supply the place of those who had left their service1 they had recourse to such actors as could be procured from the itinerant companies4 ,with all the help they could obtain1 their performances were inferior to those exhibited at the ,haymarket1 and losses came so heavy upon ,mr4 ,highmore1 that he was under the necessity of giving up the contest1 and sold the whole property to ,mr4 ,charles ,fleetwood for about half the sum he had originally paid for it4' ,upon this circumstance is built the print from which the show-cloth was copied2 it probably announces the performance of a farce entitled ,the ,stage ,mutineers1 a tragi-comic farcical ballad opera1 acted at ,covent ,garden in #agcc2 which is a burlesque on the whole contest4 ,theophilus ,cibber1 who was the leader of the malcontents1 is in this farce characterized by the name of ,ancient ,pistol1 all his speeches being in that high-flown mock-heroic style with which ,shakspeare has marked that boasting coward4 ,the scene is supposed to be in the playhouse1 and the time1 during a rehearsal4 ,in #agdj1 a pamphlet was published for ,j4 ,mechell1 at the ,king's ,arms1 ,fleet ,street1 entitled1 ,an ,apology for the ,life of ,t---- ,c----1 ,comedian2 being a proper sequel to the ,apology for the ,life of ,mr4 ,colley ,cibber2 with an historical view of the stage to the present year4 ,supposed to be written by himself1 in the style and manner of the poet-laureate3 but in reality the work of ,harry ,fielding4 ,the following passage1 relative to this subject1 occurs in page #af1 etc3--,in that year1 when the stage fell into great commotions1 and the ,drury ,lane company1 asserting the glorious cause of liberty and property1 made a stand against the oppressions of the patentees2--in that memorable year1 when the theatric dominions fell in labour of a revolution1 under the conduct of myself2 that revolt gave occasion to several pieces of wit and satirical flirts at the conductor of the enterprise4 ,i was attacked1 as my father had been before me1 in the public papers and journals2 and the burlesque character of ,pistol was attributed to me as a real one4 ,out came a print of ,jack ,laguerre's1 representing1 in most vile designing1 this expedition of ours1 under the name of ',the ,stage ,mutiny2' in which1 gentle reader1 your humble servant1 in the ,pistol character1 was the principal figure4 ,this ,i laughed at1 knowing it only a proper embellishment for one of those necessary structures to which persons out of necessity repair4 ,again1 p4 #hh3 ,at the fair of ,bartholomew we gained some recruits2 but1 besides those advantages over the enemy1 ,i myself went there in person1 and publicly exposed myself4 ,this was done to fling defiance in the patentees' teeth2 for1 on the booth where ,i exhibited1 ,i hung out ',the ,stage ,mutiny1' with ,pistol at the head of his troop2 our standard bearing the motto1 ',we eat4' ,whether this account which ,cibber is made to give of his own conduct is entirely jocular1 or contains a mixture of truth and falsehood1 cannot now be ascertained4 ,hogarth may have transferred a circumstance from ,bartholomew to ,southwark ,fair2 or ,fielding1 by design1 may have misrepresented it1 alluding at the same time to ,hogarth's print4 ,to return to the show-cloth4 ,the figure seated in the corner1 with his head bound with laurel1 is intended to represented old ,cibber1 then poet-laureate4 ,with a bag of money upon his knee1 he rejoices in the sum he has realized1 and laughs at those who are enduring the storm4 ,under his feet is inscribed ,quiet and snug4 ,the tall1 thin figure1 stooping1 is meant for ,mr4 ,highmore4 ,he holds in his hand a scroll1 on which is written1 ,it cost #fjjj pounds4 ,he is again characterized in the figure of a monkey astride the sign-iron of the ,rose ,tavern1 with a label1 on which is written1 ,i am a gentleman4#ajg--,the man in his shirt1 with a paint-pot and brushes at his feet1 who takes up the cudgels for the new patentees1 is ,john ,ellis the painter4 ,he was the pupil of ,sir ,james ,thornhill1 deputy-manager for ,mr4 ,wilkes1 and principal scene painter to the theatre4 ,by the favour of the ,duke of ,montagu and ,sir ,robert ,walpole1 he was appointed to be great master of the wardrobe1 and keeper of the lions in the ,tower4 ,he was much happier in attending a pugilistic exhibition at ,broughton's academy than in the exercise of his profession4 ,his figure appears muscular1 but hardly leads one to suppose1 what is yet certainly a fact1 that ,rysbrack--when he produced what ,mr4 ,walpole very emphatically calls that exquisite summary of his skill1 knowledge1 and judgment1 the ,hercules1 now in ,mr4 ,hoare's temple at ,stourhead--modelled the legs of the god from those of ,ellis4--,the figure in the background1 with a tremendous plume of feathers1 and a flowing periwig1 grasping his truncheon in a style of defiance1 may be ,mills1 in the character of ,bajazet4 ,on the flag which is borne between ,mr4 ,highmore and ,ellis1 is inscribed1 ,we'll starve them out4 ,on that borne in the rear of the seceders1 on the opposite side1 is written1 ,we eat4 ,the figure near it is probably intended to represent ,johnson1 in ,sir ,hugh ,evans2 as that with a truncheon in his hand1 who stands next him1 may be intended for ,bardolph2 but who the performer was1 ,i am not well enough versed in dramatic history to determine3 it would probably be known at that time1 by the ends of two cudgels1 which rise in parallel lines immediately behind his head1 and may perhaps intimate that this gentleman1 as well as ,theophilus ,cibber1 was under some obligations to his wife for giving him a title he was not born with4--,the ,sir ,john ,falstaff was certainly intended for ,harper1#ajh who was eminent in that character2 as ,pistol1 with the inscription1 ,pistol's alive1 was indisputably meant for the younger ,cibber4 ,the masculine gentlewoman1 waving a flag on which is inscribed ,liberty and ,property1 is1 ,i think1 clearly intended as a portraiture of the notorious ,mistress ,doll ,tearsheet2 but who was the actress that personated this fair friend of the fat knight1 ,i really do not know4#aji ,the show-cloth underneath1 with the tall figure and two spectators1 is a representation of ,maximilian1 a giant from ,upper ,saxony4 ,that with the wooden horse is explained by the inscription above it1 ,the ,siege of ,troy is here4 ,mr4 ,victor1 in an eulogium upon ,boheme the actor1 says that his first appearance was at a booth in ,southwark ,fair1 which in those days lasted two weeks1 and was much frequented by persons of all ranks and both sexes4 ,he acted the part of ,menelaus1 in the best droll ,i ever saw1 called ,the ,siege of ,troy4 ,the ,adam and ,eve upon another show-cloth may probably allude to the representation of somewhat compiled from an old mystery called ,the ,creation4#aaj ,the old puppet-show joke of ,punch wheeling his wife into the jaws of destruction1 which is underneath1 is well known4 ,by the paper lantern1 dwarf drummer1 and little figure at a temporary door1 it appears that the royal waxwork and whole ,court of ,france are at the ,royal ,oak4 ,it is a little remarkable1 that in this almost endless variety of holiday amusements there should be no exhibition of wild beasts#aaa or wonderful quadrupeds4 ,a roaring lion1 raging tiger1 and fierce cat a-mountain1 would have had a large audience2 and a learned pig or an overgrown ,lincolnshire ox might have made the proprietors' fortunes at that time1 as they have done at this4 ,the amusements of the fair at this period continued a fortnight1#aab and were unquestionably attended with much loss of time1 and productive of some habits of dissipation among the lower ranks of people who attended them4 ,a visit to a family in the vicinity must have been a delightful entertainment1 and the pleasure much heightened if the lady of the mansion happened to be fond of dumb creatures4 ,a whistle1 drum1 and trumpet1 in the possession of three little masters1 with a barking lap-dog1 screaming parrot1 and canary bird in full song1 must form a concert of such heavenly harmony1 as ,would bring an angel down6 ,for those who delight in pointing out examples of ,hogarth's bad spelling1 this print affords a fine field4 ,the name of ,cibber is spelt with only one b4 ,in the ,fall of ,bajazet1 the z appears to have been originally an s4 ,we'l starve them out4 ,the e final in waxworke1 these syllable dissectors may perhaps deign to acknowledge was then customary4 ,in my enumeration of some of the actors who appear on the show-cloth1 etc41 ,i may sometimes be wrong3 let it be received as conjecture founded on the best information ,i could obtain2 and let it be remembered1 that to procure positive information of circumstances which happened near fifty years ago is not easy4 ,the memoranda to be found in magazines1 and other perishable prints of the day1 are not always to be depended upon4 ,even now these authentic documents sometimes lead those who implicitly believe them into error4#aac ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,a ,,midnight ,,modern ,,conversation4 ,think not to find one meant resemblance there2 ,we lash the vices1 but the persons spare4 ,prints should be priz'd1 as authors should be read1 ,who sharply smile prevailing ,folly dead4 ,so ,rabelais laught1 and so ,cervantes thought2 ,so ,nature dictated what ,art has taught4 ,illustration3 ,,midnight ,,modern ,,conversation4 ,notwithstanding this inscription1 which was engraved on the plate some time after its publication1 it is very certain that most of these figures were intended for individual portraits2 but ,mr4 ,hogarth1 not wishing to be considered as a personal satirist1 and fearful of making enemies among his contemporaries1 would never acknowledge who were the characters4 ,some of them the world might perhaps mistake2 for though the author was faithful in delineating whatever he intended to portray1 complete intoxication so far caricatures the countenance1 that1 according to the old though trite proverb1 the man is not himself4 ,his portrait1 though given with the utmost fidelity1 will scarcely be known by his most intimate friends1 unless they have previously seen him in this degrading disguise4 ,hence it becomes difficult to identify men whom the painter did not choose to point out at the time2 and sixty years having elapsed1 it becomes impossible1--for all who composed the group1 with the artist by whom it was delineated1 ,shake hands with dust1 and call the worm their kinsman4 ,mrs4 ,piozzi told me that the divine with a corkscrew1#aad occasionally used as a tobacco-stopper1 hanging upon his little finger1 was the portrait of ,parson ,ford1 ,dr4 ,johnson's uncle2 though upon the authority of ,sir ,john ,hawkins1 of anecdotish memory1 it has been generally supposed to be intended for ,orator ,henley4#aae ,as ,i have been told that both these worthies were distinguished by that clerical rubicundity of face with which it is marked1 the reader may decree the honour of a sitting to which he pleases4 ,we may say of either one or the other3 ,no loftier theme his thought pursues1 ,than punch1 good company1 and dues4 ,easy1 and careless what may fall1 ,he hears1 assents1 and fills to all2 ,proving it plainly by his face1 ,that cassocks are no signs of grace4#aaf ,the roaring ,bacchanalian who stands next him1 waving his glass in the air1 has pulled off his wig1 and in the zeal of his friendship crowns the divine's head4 ,he is evidently drinking destruction to fanatics and success to ,mother ,church1 or a mitre to the jolly parson whom he addresses4 ,the lawyer who sits near him is a portrait of one ,kettleby1 a vociferous bar-orator1 who1 though an utter barrister1 chose to distinguish himself by wearing an enormous full-bottom wig1 in which he is here represented4 ,he was further remarkable for a diabolical squint and a ,satanic smile4 ,in the ,causidicade are a number of lines dedicated to the honour of this amiable person4 ,they begin with-- ,up ,kettleby starts with a horrible stare4 ,a poor maudlin miserable who is addressing him1 when sober1 must be a fool2 but1 in this state1 it would puzzle ,lavater to assign him a proper class4 ,he seems endeavouring to demonstrate to the lawyer that in a poi--poi--point of law he has been most cruelly cheated1 and lost a cau--cau--cause that he ought to have got1--and all this was owing to his attorney being an infernal villain4 ,this may very probably be true2 for the poor man's tears show that1 like the person relieved by the good ,samaritan1 he has been among thieves4 ,the barrister grins horribly at his misfortunes1 and tells him he is properly punished for not employing a gentleman4 ,next to him sits a gentleman in a black periwig4 ,he politely turns his back to the company1 that he may have the pleasure of smoking a sociable pipe4 ,the justice1 in fair round belly1 with good capon lin'd1--the justice1 having hung up his hat1 wig1 and cloak1 puts on his nightcap1 and with a goblet of superior capacity before him1 sits in solemn cogitation4 ,meditating severe punishments on the dissolute peasant who tipples ale or viler liquors1 he resolves for the future to act with magisterial harshness1 that he may convince his neighbours of his zeal for the law1 and detestation of drunkenness4 ,his left elbow supported by the table and his right by a chair1 with a pipe in one hand and a stopper in the other1 he puffs out the bland vapour with the dignity of an alderman1 and fancies himself as great as ,jupiter seated upon the summit of ,mount ,olympus1 enveloped by the thick cloud which his own breath has created4 ,with folded arms and open mouth another leans back in his chair4#aag ,his wig is dropped from his head1 and he is asleep3 but though speechless1 he is sonorous2 for you clearly perceive that where nasal sounds are the music1 he is qualified to be leader of the band4 ,the fallen hero1 who with his chair and goblet has tumbled to the floor1 by the cockade in his hat we suppose to be an officer4 ,his forehead is marked1 perhaps with honourable scars4 ,to wash his wounds and cool his head1 the staggering apothecary bathes it with brandy4 ,a gentleman in the corner1 who1 from having the ,craftsman and ,london ,evening in his pocket1 we determine to be a politician1 very unluckily mistakes his ruffle for the bowl of his pipe1 and sets fire to it4 ,the person in a bag-wig and solitaire1 with his hand upon his head1#aah would not now pass for a fine gentleman1 but in the year #agce was a complete beau4 ,unaccustomed to such joyous company1 he appears to have drank rather more than agrees with him4 ,the company consists of eleven1#aai and on the chimney-piece1 floor1 and table1 are three-and-twenty empty flasks4 ,these1 added to a bottle which the apothecary holds in his hand1 prove that this select society have not lost a moment4 ,the overflowing bowl1 full goblets1 and charged glasses1 prove that they think 'tis too early to part1 though the dial points to four in the morning6 ,what have we with day to do8 ,sons of ,care1 ,sons of ,care1 'twas made for you4 ,the clock1 like the company1 is irregular2 for the minute finger and hour hand do not agree4 ,over the chimney-piece is a picture1 of which we can discover enough to guess that it has once been a landscape2 but1 like the understandings of the gentlemen present1 is so obscured by smoke and vapour as to appear a mere chaos1 without one clear and distinct form4 ,the fumes of punch1 the smoke of pipes1 and effluvia of candles sunk into the sockets1 must render the air delightfully balmy1 and produce ambrosial fragrance4 ,the different degrees of drunkenness are well discriminated1 and its effects admirably described4 ,the poor simpleton who is weeping out his woes to honest lawyer ,kettleby1 it makes mawkish2 the beau it makes sick2 and the politician it stupifies4 ,one is excited to roaring1 and another lulled to sleep4 ,it half closes the eyes of justice1 renders the footing of physic unsure1 and lays prostrate the glory of his country and the pride of war4 ,on the #bb;d of ,march #agdb1 for the benefit of ,mr4 ,hippisley1 was acted at ,covent ,garden ,theatre a new scene1 called ,a ,modern ,midnight ,conversation1 taken from ,hogarth's print1 in which was introduced ,hippisley's ,drunken ,man1 with a comic tale of what really passed between him and his old aunt1 at her house on ,mendip ,hills1 in ,somersetshire4 ,having described the individuals of which this print is composed1 let us for a moment reflect upon the vice it is intended to satirize2 and considered in a moral point of view1 it may have as good an effect as the sight of an intoxicated slave had upon the young men of ,sparta4 ,this people sometimes made a slave drunk1 that their sons1 disgusted by the sight1 might avoid the practice4 ,in a book published about a century and a half ago1 ,i remember to have read a tale1 which recounteth that1 ,once uponne a tyme1 the ,divelle was permitted to tempte a yonge manne4 ,sathanne had noe sooner power gyven hym1 than hee didde appeere in the guyze of a grave bencher of ,graie's ,inne1 and didde tell himme that hee was impoweryd to compelle hys doing one of these three thynges3 eyther he shoulde morthere his fathere1 lie wythe his mothere1 or gette dronke4 ,the young manne1 saith my author1 shockyd atte the two first proposycyons1 didde ymbrace the laste4 ,he gotte verie dronke1 and in thatte state1 havying neyther the use of reasonne nor the dredde of sinne1 hee was guyltie offe bothe the unaturalle deedes hee hadde before soe shudderydde atte1 and for hys naughtinesse and wyckednesse hee was hangydde4 ,i have been told that the original picture was some years since found at an inn in ,gloucestershire1 and is now in the possession of ,j4 ,calverley1 ,esq41 of ,leeds1 in ,yorkshire4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,the ,,sleeping ,,congregation4 ,beneath this antique roof1 this hallow'd shade1 ,where wearied rustics holy ,sabbath keep1 ,compos'd as if on downy pillows laid1 ,the sons and daughters of the hamlet sleep4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,sleeping ,,congregation4 ,the shepherd is not much more awake than his sleeping flock1 whose appearance convinces us that1 though there is no organ1 there is much melody4 ,the nasal music of the congregation1 joined to the languid monotony of the preacher1#abj which sounds like the drowsy hum of a drone bee1 must form such a concert as neither ,tubal ,cain nor ,sir ,john ,hawkins ever dreamed of4 ,the text is perfectly applicable to the audience1 ,come unto me1 all ye that are weary and heavy laden1 and ,i will give you rest4 ,his parishioners have not troubled themselves much about the ,greek version2 good1 easy men1 they take these words in their literal sense1 and1 after the toil of six days1 find the church a comfortable and convenient dormitory4 ,by the preacher's aspect and attitude1 we are convinced that he would lull to soft repose the most lively assembly that ever congregated in the capital4 ,how1 then1 must his manner operate here8 ,as an opiate more powerful than poppies4 ,it is as composing as are the very descriptive lines that conclude the second book of ,pope's ,dunciad2 which are so perfectly an echo to the sense1 that they ought to be inscribed on the front of the first temple which is dedicated to ,somnus4 ,he ,in one lazy tone1 ,through the long1 heavy1 painful page1 drawls on4 ,soft creeping words on words the sense compose2 ,at every line they stretch1 they yawn1 they doze4 ,as to soft gales top-heavy pines bow low ,their heads1 and lift them as they cease to blow1 ,thus oft they rear1 and oft the head decline1 ,as breathe or pause by fits the airs divine3 ,and now to this side1 now to that they nod1 etc4 ,the clerk1#aba infinitely more important than the divine1 is kept awake by contemplating the charms of a voluptuously blooming damsel1 who1 in studying the ,service of ,matrimony1 has sighed her soul to rest4 ,the eyes of this pronouncer of ,amen are visibly directed to her4 ,in the pew opposite are five swains of the village2 ,each mouth distended1 and each head reclin'd1 ,they soundly sleep4 ,to render this rural scene more pastoral1 they are accompanied by two women who have once been shepherdesses1 and perhaps celebrated by some neighbouring ,theocritus as the ,chloe and ,daphne of their day4 ,being now in the wane of their charms1 poetical justice will not allow us to give them any other appellation than old women4 ,they are awake4 ,whether the artist intended by this to show that they are actuated by the spirit of contradiction1 for the preacher entreats them to go to rest1 or meant it as a compliment to the softer sex1 as being more attentive than men1 ,i cannot tell2 let those who have studied their characters more than ,i have1 determine as seemeth best in their eyes4 ,in the gallery are two men joining in chorus with the band below4 ,one of them has the decency to hide his face2 but the other is evidently in full song4 ,the heavy architecture and grotesque decorations lead us to conjecture that this now venerable edifice was once the cottage of ,baucis and ,philemon1 so exquisitely described by ,swift3 ,grown to a church by just degrees-- ---- ,the ballads pasted on the wall1 ,of ,joan of ,france1 and ,english ,moll1 ,fair ,rosamond1 and ,robin ,hood1 ,the little ,children in the ,wood1 ,now seem to look abundance better1 ,improv'd in picture1 size1 and letter1 ,and1 high in order plac'd1 describe ,the heraldry of every tribe4 ,the ,children in the ,wood are now exalted above the ,gothic windows4 ,one of them we see transformed to an angel2 which1 to prove its being of a more exalted species1 and no longer a mere mortal1 has four thighs4 ,the pretty ,robin ,redbreasts1 which ,did cover them with leaves1 have undergone a transmigration much to their advantage4 ,it has somewhat sullied their plumage1 but they have assumed a more important appearance1 and the loss of beauty is compensated by an abundant increase in bulk and dignity4 ,exalted to the upper part of a fluted pillar1 and seated in heraldic state1 they seem to mortal eyes the emblems of wisdom1 the symbols of ,minerva4#abb ,a lion and companion unicorn1 concealed by the pillar1 was originally an headpiece to that excellent old ballad1 beginning with ,the fierce lyon of faire ,englonde ,didde swallowe the lillie of ,france4 ,with jaws extended wide enough to swallow a bed of lilies1 he is one of the supporters to the king's arms4 ,the pews carry evident marks of having been once a ,gothic bedstead4 ,the cumbrous load of oak with which it was canopied1 still supported by large square posts1 is become a gallery4 ,the lower part retains much of its original form1 and answers its original purpose2 but why should ,i attempt to describe that which is already described by the ,dean8 ,a bedstead of the antique mode1 ,compact of timber many a load2 ,such as our ancestors did use1 ,is metamorphos'd into pews1 ,which still their ancient nature keep1 ,of lodging folks dispos'd to sleep4 ,the pulpit in which our dozing divine is groaning out the gospel1 was once a groaning-chair for the good wife of the cottage4 ,the cushion on which she sat for many a winter's eve is now ornamented with tassels4 ,the arm still retains its original form1 though somewhat more upright than when it served for a rest to the old dame's elbow4 ,swift describes the exact manner of the metamorphosis3 ,the groaning-chair began to crawl1 ,like an huge snail against the wall2 ,there stuck aloft1 in public view1 ,and with small change a pulpit grew4 ,the crutches1 which erst supported ,dame ,baucis1 now prop the clerk's reading-desk4 ,the triangle1 environed by a glory1 was placed in the church by old ,philemon4 ,in his youth he had been a very good carpenter1 and1 when become a divine1 retained so much of his original disposition as to suppose he could explain an awful mystery by a mechanical representation4 ,the only misfortune which attended this curious delineation was1 that not one of his parishioners could understand it3 they however1 were silent2 they thought it too serious an affair to dispute or call names about4 ,it would perhaps have been as well if many of our learned and right grave divines had been silent upon this subject on the same principle4 ,swift says that the jack was turned to a clock2 in this circumstance he must have been mistaken1 for the hour-glass1 which was the constant companion of ,dame ,baucis at her wheel1 retains its old form1 and is placed at the parson's left hand4#abc ,underneath it is the following applicable inscription from ,st4 ,paul's ,epistle to the ,galatians3 ,i am afraid of you1 lest ,i have bestowed upon you labour in vain4 ,the windows are evidently intended for companions1 but there is a considerable difference in their proportions1 panes of glass1 etc4 ,at the time this massy temple was erected1 our countrymen neither studied ,vitruvius1 nor considered uniformity as a requisite in architecture4 ,this print was published on the #bfth of ,october #agcf2 but we learn1 by an inscription on the sinister side of the plate1 that on the #bast ,april #agfb it was retouched and improved by the author4 ,there is a printed copy1 tolerably executed1 but not quite so large1 nor has it any price affixed beneath4 ,the original picture was in ,sir ,edward ,walpole's collection2 who is the present proprietor ,i do not know4 ,there are some variations in it2 the face of the clerk is different from the print1 and he does not appear leering at the girl1 but1 to keep in unison with the rest of the congregation1 is half asleep4 ,,the ,,distressed ,,poet4 ,furnish'd with paper1 pen1 and ink1 ,he gravely sat him down--to think3 ,he bit his nails1 and scratch'd his head1 ,but wit and fancy both were dead3 ,or1 if with more than usual pain1 ,a thought came slowly from his brain1 ,it cost him ,lord knows how much time ,to shape it into sense or rhyme2 ,and what was yet a greater curse1 ,long thinking made his fancy worse4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,distressed ,,poet4 ,such is the fate of many a miserable scribbler who usurps the sacred name of a poet4 ,parnassus must be peopled1 and the fashionable versifiers that have no other aim than feeding on the mountain have sometimes cropped better pasturage at the foot of the hill than has been found by those hallowed bards who have attained the summit4 ,of gentle readers that demand the strains of gentle writers1 there are in this our city an innumerable host4 ,they are sober and well-disposed persons1 good subjects to their king1 and useful members of the community2 but being by their various avocations confined to a smoky town1 are debarred from the cheering prospects of purling streams1 waving woods1 and shady groves4 ,they have nevertheless great comfort and delectation in reading descriptions of scenes so profusely beautified with the amenities of nature4 ,happily for such admirers of rural simplicity1 there is a band of pastoral poets who make the press groan with description4 ,seated like this unfortunate labourer of the ,muses in their attic storey1 and scarcely ever seeing a green tree except in the ,moorfields ,mall1 they daily present the public with amplifications of verdant meads1 glistening dew-drops1 and liquid rains4 ,in the sublime strains of these gentlemen1 ,the misty mountains lift their cloud-capt heads2 ,the enamell'd mead its velvet carpet spreads2 ,the groves appear all drest with wreaths of flowers1 ,and from their leaves drop aromatic showers4#abd ,upon the same principle with our town-made rhymers1 who have generally written about things which they have neither seen1 felt1 heard1 nor understood1 this our distressed poet is now spinning a poem upon riches4 ,of their use he probably knoweth little2 and of their abuse1 if judgment can be formed from externals1 certes he knoweth less4 ,seated upon the side of his bed1 without a shirt1 but wrapped in an old night-gown1--enchanted1 impressed1 inspired with his subject1--he is disturbed by a nymph of the ,lactarium4 ,her shrill sounding voice awakes one of the little loves1 whose chorus disturbs his meditations4 ,a link of the golden chain is broken6--a thought is lost6 ,to recover it1 his hand becomes a substitute for the barber's comb3 enraged at the noise1 he tortures his head for the fleeting idea2 but1 ah6 no thought is there6 ,proudly conscious that the lines already written are sterling1 he possesses by anticipation the mines of ,peru1 a view of which hangs over his head4 ,upon the table we see ,byshe's ,art of ,poetry2#abe for1 like the packhorse who cannot travel without his bells1 he cannot climb the hill of ,parnassus without his jingling-book4 ,on the floor lies the ,grub ,street ,journal1#abf to which valuable repository of genius and taste he is probably a contributor4 ,to show that he is a master of the profound1 and will envelope his subject in a cloud1 his pipe and tobacco-box--those friends to cogitation deep--are close to him4 ,his wife1 mending that part of his dress in the pockets of which the affluent keep their gold1 is worthy of a better fate4 ,her figure is peculiarly interesting4#abg ,her face1 softened by adversity1 and marked with domestic care1 is at this moment agitated by the appearance of a boisterous woman1 insolently demanding payment of the milk-tally4 ,in the excuse she returns1 there is a mixture of concern1 complacency1 and mortification4 ,as an addition to the distresses of this poor family1 a dog is stealing the remnant of mutton incautiously left upon a chair4 ,the sloping roof and projecting chimney prove the throne of this inspired bard to be high above the crowd2--it is a garret4 ,the chimney is ornamented with a dare for larks2 and a book1 a loaf1 the tea-equipage1 and a saucepan1 decorate the shelf4 ,before the fire hangs half a shirt and a pair of ruffled sleeves4 ,his sword lies on the floor2 for though our professor of poetry waged no war1 except with words1 a sword was in the year #agdj a necessary appendage to every thing which called itself gentleman4 ,at the feet of his domestic seamstress1 the full-dress coat is become the resting-place of a cat and two kittens3 in the same situation is one stocking2 the other is half immersed in the washing-pan4 ,the broom1 bellows1 and mop are scattered round the room4 ,the open door shows us that their cupboard is unfurnished1 and tenanted by an hungry and solitary mouse4 ,in the corner hangs a long cloak1 well calculated to conceal the threadbare wardrobe of its fair owner4 ,mr4 ,hogarth's strict attention to propriety of scenery is evinced by the cracked plastering of the walls1 broken window1 and uneven floor1 in the miserable habitation of this poor weaver of madrigals4#abh ,the original picture is in the collection of ,lord ,grosvenor4 ,,the ,,enraged ,,musician4 ,with thundering noise the azure vault they tear1 ,and rend1 with savage roar1 the echoing air3 ,the sounds terrific he with horror hears2 ,his fiddle throws aside1--and stops his ears4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,enraged ,,musician4 ,the last plate displayed the distress of a poet2 in this the artist has exhibited the rage of a musician4 ,our poor bard bore his misfortunes with patience1 and1 rich in his ,muse1 did not much repine at his poverty4 ,not so this master of harmony--of heavenly harmony6 ,to the evils of poverty he is now a stranger2 his adagios and cantabiles have procured him the protection of nobles2 and1 contrary to the poor shirtless mendicant of the ,muses that we left in a garret1 he is arrayed in a coat decorated with frogs1 a bag-wig1 solitaire1 and ruffled shirt4 ,waiting in the chamber of a man of fashion1 whom he instructs in the divine science of music1 having first tuned his instrument1 he opens his crotchet-book1 shoulders his violin1 flourishes his fiddlestick1 and ,softly sweet1 in ,lydian measure1 ,soon he soothes his soul to pleasure4 ,rapt in ,elysium at the divine symphony1 he is awakened from his beatific vision by noises that distract him3 ,an universal hubbub wild1 ,of stunning sounds1 and voices all confus'd1 ,assails his ears with loudest vehemence4 ,confounded with the din1 and enraged by the interruption1 our modern ,terpander starts from his seat1 and opens the window4 ,this operates as air to a kindling fire2 and such a combination of noises burst upon the auricular nerve that he is compelled to stop his ears1--but to stop the torrent is impossible6 ,a louder yet1 and yet a louder strain1 ,break his bands of thought asunder6 ,and rouse him1 like a rattling peal of thunder1 ,at the horrible sound ,he has rais'd up his head1 ,as awak'd from the dead1 ,and amazed he stares all around4 ,in this situation he is delineated2 and those who for a moment contemplate the figures before him1 cannot wonder at his rage3 ,a crew of hell-hounds never ceasing bark1 ,with wide ,cerberean mouth1 full loud1 and ring ,a hideous peal4 ,of the dramatis person who perform the vocal parts1 the first is a fellow in a tone that would rend hell's concave1 bawling1 ,dust1 ho6 dust1 ho6 dust6 ,next to him1 an amphibious animal1 who nightly pillows his head on the sedgy bosom of old ,thames1 in a voice that emulates the rush of many waters1 or the roaring of a cataract1 is bellowing1 ,flounda-a-a-rs6 ,a daughter of ,may-day1 who dispenses what in ,london is called milk1 and is consequently a milkmaid1 in a note pitched at the very top of her voice1 is crying1 ,be-louw6 ,while a ballad-singer dolefully drawls out ,the ,ladie's ,fall1 an infant in her arms joins its treble pipe in chorus with the screaming parrot1 which is on a lamp-iron over her head4 ,on the roof of an opposite house are two cats1 performing what an amateur of music might perhaps call a bravura duet2 near them appears ,a sweep1 shrill twittering on the chimney-top4 ,a little ,french drummer1 singing to his rub-a-dub1 and the agreeable yell of a dog1 complete the vocal performers4 ,of the instrumental1 a fellow blowing a horn with a violence that would have almost shaken down the walls of ,jericho claims the first notice2 next to him1 the dustman rattles his bell with ceaseless clangour1 until the air reverberates the sound4 ,the intervals are filled up by a pavior1 who to every stroke of his rammer adds a loud1 distinct1 and echoing ,haugh6 ,the pedestrian cutler is grinding a butcher's cleaver with such earnestness and force1 that it elicits sparks of fire4 ,this1 added to the agonizing howls of his unfortunate dog1 must afford a perfect specimen of the ancient chromatic4 ,the poor animal1#abi between a man and a monkey1 piping harsh discords upon a hautboy1 the girl whirling her crepitaculum1 or rattle1 and the boy beating his drum1 conclude the catalogue of this harmonious band4 ,thus much we may be almost said to hear2 and we see1 by the flag displayed at the church1 that the fanciers of corals for grown gentlemen are performing a round of double bob-majors in the belfry4 ,john ,long1 pewterer1 is inscribed over a door1 and intimates the business going on in the house1 where the strokes of some thirty or forty hammers ringing incessantly upon pewter1 produce a sound more sonorous than that which is echoed from the forge of ,vulcan4 ,this delineation originated in a story which was told to ,hogarth by the late ,mr4 ,john ,festin1#acj who is the hero of the print4 ,he was eminent for his skill in playing upon the ,german flute and hautboy1 and much employed as a teacher of music4 ,to each of his scholars he devoted one hour each day4 ,at nine o'clock in the morning1 said he1 ,i once waited upon my ,lord ,spencer2 but his lordship being out of town1 from him ,i went to ,mr4 ,v----n1 now ,lord ,v----n4 ,it was so early1 that he was not arisen4 ,i went into his chamber1 and1 opening a shutter1 sat down in the window-seat4 ,before the rails was a fellow playing upon the hautboy4 ,a man with a barrow full of onions offered the piper an onion if he would play him a tune4 ,that ended1 he offered a second onion for a second tune2 the same for a third1 and was going on3 but this was too much1--,i could not bear it1--it angered my very soul--',zounds6' said ,i1 'stop here6 ,this fellow is ridiculing my profession--he is playing on the hautboy for onions6' ,the whole of this bravura scene is admirably represented4 ,a person quaintly enough observed that it deafens one to look at it4 ,the roar of the fisherman1 with one hand so placed as to become a sort of sounding-board1 and give reverberation1 is admirably depicted4 ,you perceive that he has1 professionally speaking1 not merely a volume1 but a folio volume of voice4 ,as well as that of the dustman1 it is a thorough bass2 and1 added to the tenor and treble of the other performers1 must form a concert1 though not quite so harmonious1 yet nearly as loud1 as those which have been graced with the royal presence in ,westminster ,abbey4 ,the scene seems to be taken from the lower part of ,st4 ,martin's ,lane2 it is certainly intended to represent the steeple of ,st4 ,martin's ,church4 ,a heap of bricks1 scientifically piled up close to the little girl1 have been said to be a contrivance of some boy to catch birds4 ,is it not more likely that the modern architecture of this little ,babel1 as well as the adjoining plantation and pond1 originated in the united efforts of the young lady and young gentleman in a corner cap8 ,the latter has been dragging a slate fastened to a string1 and tied round his waist1 over a rough pavement1 that he also might make a pretty noise4 ,a play-bill on the wall describes the unaccountable run of that very popular and pernicious performance1 ,the ,beggar's ,opera1 to have been sixty-two nights4 ,in a copy of this opera1 published in #agbi1 the dramatis person are printed as here written2 and the good fortune which followed ,miss ,fenton's attractions in ,polly are universally known4 ,the figures are well grouped and judiciously characterized3 those in the background have great force2 but the boy with a drum is ill drawn1 and the milk-pail is too large4 ,in the ,london ,daily ,post for ,november #bd1 #agdj1 is the following advertisement3--,shortly will be published1 a new print1 called ,the ,provoked ,musician1 designed and engraved by ,mr4 ,william ,hogarth2 being a companion to a print representing a ,distressed ,poet1 published some time since4 ,to which will be added1 a third on painting1 which will complete the set2 but as this subject may turn upon an affair depending between the ,right ,hon4 the ,lord ,mayor and the author1 it may be retarded for some time4 ,humphry ,parsons was at that time ,lord ,mayor2 but the business alluded to not being in the city records1 must remain obscure until some one who knows more about it than ,i do shall explain it4 ,in ,dr4 ,beattie's ,essay on ,laughter and ,ludicrous ,composition1 quarto edition1 p4 #fjh1 speaking of the modes of combination by which incongruous qualities may be presented to the eye or the fancy1 so as to provoke laughter1 he observes1 that this extraordinary group form a very comical mixture of incongruity and relation3 of incongruity1 owing to the dissimilar employment and appearances of the several persons1 and to the variety of dissonance of their respective noises2 and of relation1 owing to their being all united in the same place1 and for the same purpose of tormenting the poor fiddler4 ,from the various sounds co-operating to this one end1 the piece becomes more laughable than if their meeting were conceived to be without any particular destination2 for the greater number of relations1 as well as of contrarieties1 that take place in any ludicrous assembly1 the more ludicrous it will generally appear4 ,yet though this group comprehends not any mixture of meanness and dignity1 it would1 ,i think1 be allowed to be laughable to a certain degree1 merely from the juxtaposition of the objects1 even though it were supposed to be accidental4 ,of the immense fortunes realized by the ,italian professors of music1 we have many examples in this island2 but the success of ,lully1 in ,france1 was greater than any of his countrymen ever experienced here4 ,he was by birth a ,florentine4 ,by his fiddle and his impudence1 he raised himself from the ,queen of ,france's kitchen to be chief of the band of music1 and carried the art to a degree of perfection hitherto unknown in that kingdom4 ,louis ,,xiv4 gave him letters of nobility1 and on his account enacted that the profession of music should consist with the quality of a gentleman4 ,he died by excessive drinking1 and left an immense fortune4 ,the nobleman who had entertained him when he drank what proved his quietus1 paying him a visit1 ,ah6 my lord1 said his wife1 with a deep sigh1 you are the last who made my husband drunk4 ,lully1 who was dying1 heard the remark1 and had just voice enough left to add1 ,he shall be the first who makes me so again1 when ,i get upon my legs6 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,the ,,four ,,times ,,of ,,the ,,day4 ,in the ,progress of an ,harlot1 and the ,adventures of a ,rake1 ,mr4 ,hogarth displayed his powers of painting history4 ,holding the mirror up to ,nature1 he shows ,virtue her own feature1 ,vice her own image1 and the very age and body of the time his form and pressure4 ,had he exhibited no other specimen of his art1 these fourteen prints would have given him a right to the title of a moral painter2 and thus was he denominated by the late ,mr4 ,fielding1 in his ,adventures of ,joseph ,andrews4 ,in the series before us he treads poetic ground4 ,a description of the day1 particularly the morning1 has been generally deemed the bard's peculiar province4 ,considering ,homer as the father of poesy1 the whole family of ,apollo have echoed his notes1 and run their divisions of fancy upon his scale4 ,with one of them1 ,the morn1 wak'd by the circling hours1 ,unbars the gates of light4 ,with another1 she sows the earth with orient pearl4 ,at one time1 with a star as her gentleman usher1 she ,draws night's humid curtains1 and proclaims ,the new-born day forth dawning from the east2 is now the grey ,aurora1 then the meek-ey'd morn1 array'd in a dewy robe1 with saffron streamers1 placed in a glittering chariot1 and drawn by etherial coursers1 where1 holding the reins with her red hands1 she drives the day4 ,these heathenish descriptions may be very beautiful in their way2 but hear our own ,shakspeare3 ,night's tapers are burnt out1 and jocund day ,stands tiptoe on the misty mountain's top4 ,again3 ,the glow-worm shows the matin to be near1 ,and 'gins to pale her ineffectual fire4 ,this comes home to all men's business and bosoms3 it is picturesque1 it is poetical2 it is intelligible to the peasant or the philosopher1 to the classic admirer of ancient mythology1 or the man who never heard that the gates which ,aurora unbars are made of the purest crystal4 ,the pictures drawn by ,homer1 and those feeble imitators who debase his splendid images by the mixture of their own dross1 have their scenes laid in the country2 but ,hogarth has represented his dramatis person in the centre of a great city4 ,had the learned author of ,hudibras been a painter1 ,i believe he would have done the same4 ,it will not be easy to select two lines that have more wit than his description of the morning3 ,now1 like a lobster boil'd1 the morn ,from black to red began to turn4 ,this is appropriate to either city or country4 ,in ,mr4 ,hogarth's ,four ,times of the ,day there is only one scene laid out of town2 and that may1 ,i think1 be properly enough called a ,london pastoral1 for it is at the pleasant village of ,islington4 ,the three others are described as in the most public parts of the metropolis1 and exhibit a picture which will give a very correct idea of the dresses and pursuits of the inhabitants of ,london in the year #agch4 ,,morning4 ,keen blows the blast1 and eager is the air2 ,with flakes of feather'd snow the ground is spread2 ,to step1 with mincing pace1 to early prayer1 ,our clay-cold vestal leaves her downy bed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,and here the reeling sons of ,riot see1 ,after a night of senseless revelry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,poor1--trembling1--old1--her suit the beggar plies2 ,but frozen chastity the little boon denies4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,morning4 ,this withered representative of ,miss ,bridget ,alworthy1 with a shivering footboy carrying her prayer-book1 never fails in her attendance at morning service4 ,she is a symbol of the season1 ,chaste as the icicle ,that's curdled by the frost from purest snow1 ,and hangs on ,dian's temple1 she looks with scowling eye1 and all the conscious pride of severe and stubborn virginity1 on the poor girls who are suffering the embraces of two drunken beaux that are just staggered out of ,tom ,king's ,coffeehouse4 ,one of them1 from the basket on her arm1 ,i conjecture to be an orange girl3 she shows no displeasure at the boisterous salute of her ,hibernian lover4 ,that the hero in a laced hat is from the banks of the ,shannon1 is apparent in his countenance4 ,the female whose face is partly concealed1 and whose neck has a more easy turn than we always see in the works of this artist1 is not formed of the most inflexible materials4 ,an old woman1 seated upon a basket2 the girl1 warming her hands by a few withered sticks that are blazing on the ground2 and a wretched mendicant1#aca wrapped in a tattered and party-coloured blanket1 entreating charity from the rosy-fingered vestal who is going to church1 complete the group4 ,behind them1 at the door of ,tom ,king's ,coffeehouse1 are a party engaged in a fray likely to create business for both surgeon and magistrate2 we discover swords and cudgels in the combatants' hands4 ,on the opposite side of the print are two little schoolboys4 ,that they have shining morning faces we cannot positively assert1 but each has a satchel at his back1 and1 according with the description given by the poet of nature1 is ,creeping like snail unwillingly to school4 ,the lantern appended to the woman who has a basket on her head1 proves that these dispensers of the riches of ,pomona rise before the sun1 and do part of their business by an artificial light4 ,near her1 that immediate descendant of ,paracelsus1 ,doctor ,rock1#acb is expatiating to an admiring audience on the never-failing virtues of his wonder-working medicines4 ,one hand holds a bottle of his miraculous panacea1 and the other supports a board1 on which is the king's arms1 to indicate that his practice is sanctioned by royal letters patent4 ,two porringers and a spoon1 placed on the bottom of an inverted basket1 intimate that the woman seated near them is a vendor of rice-milk1 which was at that time brought into the market every morning4 ,a fatigued porter leans on a rail2 and a blind beggar is going towards the church3 but whether he will become one of the congregation1 or take his stand at the door1 in the hope that religion may have warmed the hearts of its votaries to pity the sorrows of a poor blind man1 is uncertain4 ,the clock in the front of ,inigo ,jones' barn has the motto1 ,,sic ,,transit ,,gloria ,,mundi4 ,had ,mr4 ,hervey of ,weston ,favel written upon the works of ,hogarth1 he would have expatiated for ten pages upon the relation which this motto has to the smoke which is issuing from the chimney beneath2 he would have written about it1 and about it1 and told his readers that the glory of this world is typified by the smoke1 and like the smoke it passeth away2 that man himself is a mere vapour1 etc4 etc4 etc4 ,snow on the ground1 and icicles hanging from the pent-house1 exhibit a very chilling prospect2 but1 to dissipate the cold1 there is happily a shop where spirituous liquors are sold pro bono publico1 at a very little distance4 ,a large pewter measure is placed upon a post before the door1 and three of a smaller size hung over the window of the house4 ,the character of the principal figure#acc is admirably delineated4 ,she is marked with that prim and awkward formality which generally accompanies her order1 and is an exact type of a hard winter2 for every part of her dress1 except the flying lappets and apron1 ruffled by the wind1 is as rigidly precise as if it were frozen4 ,extreme cold is very well expressed in the slipshod footboy1#acd and the girl who is warming her hands4 ,the group of which she is a part is well formed1 but not sufficiently balanced on the opposite side4 ,the church dial1 a few minutes before seven2 marks of little shoes and pattens in the snow2 and various productions of the season in the market1 are an additional proof of that minute accuracy with which this artist inspected and represented objects which painters in general have neglected4 ,covent ,garden is the scene1 but in the print every building is reversed4#ace ,this was a common error with ,hogarth2 not from his being ignorant of the use of the mirror1 but from his considering it as a matter of little consequence4 ,the propriety of exhibiting a scene of riot in ,tom ,king's ,coffeehouse is proved by the following quotation from the ,weekly ,miscellany for ,june #i1 #agci3--,monday1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,king1 of ,covent ,garden1 was brought up to the ,king's ,bench bar1 at ,westminster1 and received the following sentence for keeping a disorderly house1 viz4 to pay a fine of two hundred pounds1 to suffer three months' imprisonment1 to find security for her good behaviour for three years1 and to remain in prison till the fine be paid4 ,when her imprisonment ended1 she retired from trade1 built three houses on ,haverstock ,hill1 near ,hampstead1 and in one of them1 on the #ajth of ,september #agdg1 she died4 ,her mansion was afterwards the residence of ,nancy ,dawson1 and with the two others constitutes what is still distinguished by the appellation of ,moll ,king's ,row4 ,,noon4 ,hail1 ,gallia's daughters6 easy1 brisk1 and free2 ,good-humour'd1 debonnaire1 and degage3 ,though still fantastic1 frivolous1 and vain1 ,let not their airs and graces give us pain3 ,or fair1 or brown1 at toilet1 prayer1 or play1 ,their motto speaks their manners1--',toujours gai4' ,but for that powder'd compound of grimace1 ,that capering he-she thing of fringe and lace2 ,with sword and cane1 with bag and solitaire1 ,vain of the full-dress'd dwarf1--his hopeful heir1 ,how does our spleen and indignation rise1 ,when such a tinsell'd coxcomb meets our eyes1 ,so twisted out of ,god and ,nature's plan1-- ,yet know that coxcomb must be call'd a man6--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,noon4 ,among the figures who are coming out of church1 an affected1 flighty ,frenchwoman1 with her fluttering fop of an husband1 and a boy1 habited -la-mode de ,paris1 claim our first attention4 ,in dress1 air1 and manner1 they have a national character4 ,the whole congregation1 whether male or female1 old or young1 carry the air of their country in countenance1 dress1 and deportment4 ,like the three principal figures1 they are all marked with some affected peculiarity4 ,affectation in a woman is supportable upon no other ground than that general indulgence we pay to the omnipotence of beauty1 which in a degree sanctifies whatever it adopts4 ,in a boy1 when we consider that the poor fellow is attempting to copy what he has been taught to believe praiseworthy1 we laugh at it--the largest portion of ridicule falls upon his tutors2 but in a man1 it is contemptible6 ,the old fellow in a black periwig has a most vinegar-like aspect1 and looks with great contempt at the frippery gentlewoman immediately before him4 ,the woman with a demure countenance seems very piously considering how she can contrive to pick the embroidered beau's pocket4 ,two old sibyls joining their withered lips in a chaste salute1 is nauseous enough1 but1 being a national custom1 must be forgiven4 ,the divine seems to have resided in this kingdom long enough to acquire a roast-beef countenance4 ,a little boy1 whose woollen night-cap is pressed over a most venerable flowing periwig1 and the decrepid old man1 leaning upon a crutch-stick1 who is walking before him1 ,i once considered as two vile caricatures1 out of nature1 and unworthy the artist4 ,since ,i have seen the peasantry of ,flanders and the plebeian youth of ,france1 ,i have in some degree changed my opinion1 but still think them rather outr4 ,under a sign of the ,baptist's ,head is written1 ,good ,eating2 and on each side of the inscription is a mutton chop4 ,in opposition to this head without a body1 unaccountably displayed as a sign at an eating-house1 there is a body without a head1 hanging out as the sign of a distiller's4 ,this1 by common consent1 has been quaintly denominated ,the ,good ,woman4#acf ,at a window above1 one of the softer sex proves her indisputable right to the title by her temperate conduct to her husband1 with whom having had a little disagreement1 she throws their ,sunday's dinner into the street4 ,a girl1 bringing a pie from the bakehouse1 is stopped in her career by the rude embraces of a blackamoor1 who eagerly rubs his sable visage against her blooming cheek4 ,good eating is carried on to the lower part of the picture4 ,a boy1#acg placing a baked pudding upon a post with rather too violent an action1 the dish breaks1 the fragments fall to the ground2 and while he is loudly lamenting his misfortune1 and with tears anticipating his punishment1 the smoking remnants are eagerly snatched up by a poor girl4 ,not educated according to the system of ,jean ,jacques ,rousseau1 she feels no qualms of conscience about the original proprietor1 and destitute of that fastidious delicacy which destroys the relish of many a fine lady1 eagerly swallows the hot and delicious morsels with all the concomitants4 ,the scene is laid at the door of a ,french chapel in ,hog ,lane1--a part of the town at that time almost wholly peopled by ,french refugees or their descendants4 ,a kite blown from an adjacent field1#ach being entangled on the roof of the chapel1 hangs pendant on the wall4 ,one of ,mr4 ,hogarth's commentators asserts1 that this is introduced only to break the disagreeable uniformity of a wall4#aci ,it certainly has that effect2 but ,hogarth so rarely presents any object without a particular and pointed allusion1 that ,i am inclined to think he had some other meaning4 ,may it not be designed to intimate that the good people who compose the congregation1 after being blown out of their own country by a religious storm1 found a peaceful harbour under this roof1 safely sheltered from the hurricanes of enthusiasm and the blasts of superstition8 ,by the dial of ,st4 ,giles' ,church1 in the distance1 we see that it is only half-past eleven4 ,at this early hour1 in those good times1 there was as much good eating as there is now at six o'clock in the evening4 ,from twenty pewter measures1 which are hung up before the houses of different distillers1 it seems that good drinking was considered as equally worthy of their serious attention4 ,the dead cat and choked kennels mark the little attention shown to the streets by the scavengers of ,st4 ,giles'4 ,at that time noxious effluvia was not peculiar to this parish4 ,the neighbourhood of ,fleet ,ditch1 and many other parts of the city1 were equally polluted4 ,even at this refined period1 there would be some use in a more strict attention to the medical police of a city so crowded with inhabitants4 ,we ridicule the people of ,paris and ,edinburgh for neglecting so essential and salutary a branch of delicacy1 while the kennels of a street in the vicinity of ,st4 ,paul's ,church are floated with the blood of slaughtered animals every market day4 ,moses would have managed these things better3 but in those days there was no physician in ,israel6 ,,evening4 ,one sultry ,sunday1 when no cooling breeze ,was borne on ,zephyr's wing to fan the trees2 ,one sultry ,sunday1 when the torrid ray ,o'er nature beam'd intolerable day2 ,when raging ,sirius warn'd us not to roam1 ,and ,galen's sons prescrib'd--cool draughts at home2 ,one sultry ,sunday1 near those fields of fame ,where weavers dwell1 and ,spital is their name1 ,a sober wight1 of reputation high ,for tints that emulate the ,tyrian dye1 ,wishing to take his afternoon's repose ,in easy-chair1 had just began to doze1 ,when1 in a voice that sleep's soft slumbers broke1 ,his oily helpmate thus her wishes spoke3 ',why1 spouse1 for shame6--my stars6 what's this about8 ,you's ever sleeping6--come1 we'll all go out2-- ,at that there garden1--pr'ythee1 do not stare6-- ,we'll take a mouthful of the country air2 ,in the yew bower an hour or two we'll kill2 ,there you may smoke1 and drink what punch you will4 ,sophy and ,billy each shall walk with me1 ,and you must carry little ,emily4 ,veny is sick1 and pants1 and loathes her food2 ,the grass will do the pretty creature good4 ,hot rolls are ready as the clock strikes five-- ,and now 'tis after four1 as ,i'm alive6' ,the mandate issued1 see the tour begun1 ,and all the flock set out for ,islington4 ,now the broad sun1 refulgent lamp of day1 ,to rest with ,thetis1 slopes his western way1 ,o'er every tree embrowning dust is spread1 ,and tipt with gold is ,hampstead's lofty head4 ,the passive husband1 in his nature mild1 ,to wife consigns his hat1 and takes the child2 ,but she1--a day like this hath never felt-- ',oh6 that this too1 too solid flesh would melt1 ,thaw1 and resolve itself into a dew6'-- ,such monstrous heat--dear me6--she never knew4 ',adown her innocent and beauteous face1 ,the big1 round pearly drops each other chase2' ,thence trickling to those hills1 erst white as snow1 ,that now like tna's mighty mountains glow1 ,they hang like dew-drops on the full-blown rose1 ,and to the ambient air their sweets disclose4 ,fever'd with pleasure1 thus she drags along2 ,nor dares her antler'd husband say 'tis wrong2 ,the blooming offspring of this blissful pair1 ,in all their parents' attic pleasures share4 ,sophy the soft1 the mother's earliest joy1 ,demands her froward brother's tinsell'd toy2 ,but he1 enrag'd1 denies the glittering prize1 ,and rends the air with loud and piteous cries4 ,thus far we see the party on their way2 ,what dire disasters mark'd the close of day1 ',twere tedious1 tiresome1 endless to obtrude3 ,imagination must the scene conclude4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,evening4 ,it is not easy to imagine fatigue better delineated than in the appearance of this amiable pair4 ,in a few of the earliest impressions1 ,mr4 ,hogarth printed the hands of the man in blue1 to show that he was a dyer1 and the face and neck of the woman in red1 to intimate her extreme heat4#adj ,the lady's aspect lets us at once into her character2 we are certain that she was born to command4 ,as to her husband1 ,god made him1 and he must pass for a man2 what his wife has made him is indicated by the cow's horns1 which are so placed as to become his own4 ,the hope of the family1 with a cockade in his hat1 and riding upon papa's cane1 seems much dissatisfied with female sway4 ,a face with more of the shrew in embryo than that of the girl1 it is scarcely possible to conceive4 ,upon such a character1 the most casual observer pronounces with the decision of a ,lavater4 ,nothing can be better imagined than the group in the alehouse4 ,they have taken a refreshing walk into the country1 and1 being determined to have a cooling pipe1 seat themselves in a chair-lumbered closet with a low ceiling2 where every man pulling off his wig1 and throwing a pocket-handkerchief over his head1 inhales the fume of hot punch1 the smoke of half a dozen pipes1 and the dust from the road4 ,if this is not rural felicity1 what is8 ,the old gentleman in a black bag-wig1 and the two women near him1 sensibly enough1 take their seats in the open air4 ,from a woman milking a cow1 we conjecture the hour to be about five in the afternoon2 and from the same circumstance1 ,i am inclined to think this agreeable party are going to their pastoral bower rather than returning from it4 ,the cow and dog appear as much inconvenienced by heat as any of the party3 the former is whisking off the flies2 and the latter creeps unwillingly along1 and casts a longing look at the crystal river in which he sees his own shadow4 ,a remarkably hot summer is intimated by the luxuriant state of a vine creeping over an alehouse window4 ,on the side of the ,new ,river1 where the scene is laid1 lies one of the wooden pipes employed in the waterworks4 ,opposite ,sadler's ,wells there still remains a sign#ada of ,sir ,hugh ,middleton's head1 which is here represented4 ,this print is engraved by ,baron1 but some touches of ,mr4 ,hogarth's burin are visible on the faces4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 ,i think it is1 who observes1 that an ardent pursuit of pleasure generally defeats its own purpose2 for when we have wasted days and nights1 and exhausted our strength in the chase1 it eludes our grasp1 and vanishes from our view4 ,,night4 ,now burst the blazing bonfires on the sight1 ,through the wide air their coruscations play2 ,the windows beam with artificial light1 ,and all the region emulates the day4 ,the moping mason1 from yon tavern led1 ,in mystic words doth to the moon complain ,that unsound port distracts his aching head1 ,and o'er the waiter waves his clouded cane4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,night4 ,mr4 ,walpole very truly observes1 that this print is inferior to the three others2 there is1 however1 broad humour in some of the figures4 ,the wounded freemason1 who1 in zeal of brotherly love1 has drank his bumpers to the craft till he is unable to find his way home1 is under the guidance of a waiter4 ,this has been generally considered as intended for ,sir ,thomas de ,veil1 and1 from an authenticated portrait which ,i have seen1 ,i am inclined to think it is1 notwithstanding ,sir ,john ,hawkins asserts that he could discover no resemblance4 ,when the knight saw him in his magisterial capacity1 he was probably sober and sedate3 here he is represented a little disguised4 ,the ,british ,xantippe showering her favours from the window upon his head1 may have its source in that respect which the inmates of such houses as the ,rummer ,tavern had for a justice of peace4#adb ,the waiter who supports his worship seems1 from the patch upon his forehead1 to have been in a recent affray2 but what use he can have for a lantern it is not easy to divine1 unless he is conducting his charge to some place where there is neither moonlight nor illumination4 ,the ,salisbury flying coach oversetting and broken1 by passing through the bonfire1 is said to be an intended burlesque upon a right honourable peer1 who was accustomed to drive his own carriage over hedges1 ditches1 and rivers2 and has been sometimes known to drive three or four of his maid-servants into a deep water1 and there leave them in the coach to shift for themselves4 ,the butcher and little fellow who are assisting the terrified passengers1 are possibly free and accepted masons4 ,one of them seems to have a mop in his hand2--the pail is out of sight6 ,to crown the joys of the populace1 a man with a pipe in his mouth is filling a capacious hogshead with ,british ,burgundy4 ,the joint operation of shaving and bleeding1 performed by a drunken 'prentice on a greasy oilman1 does not seem a very natural exhibition on a rejoicing night4 ,the poor wretches under the barber's bench display a prospect of penury and wretchedness which ,i hope is not so common now as it was then4 ,in the distance is a cart laden with furniture1 which some unfortunate tenant is removing out of the reach of his landlord's execution4 ,there is humour in the barber's sign and inscription3 ,shaving1 bleeding1 and teeth drawn with a touch4 ,ecce signum6 ,the ,rummer ,tavern still retains its old situation4 ,it was then quaintly distinguished as the ,,new ,,bagnio4 ,by the oaken boughs on the sign1 and the oak leaves in the freemasons' hats1 it seems that this rejoicing night is the #bith of ,may1 the anniversary of our second ,charles's restoration2 that happy day when1 according to our excellent old ballad1 the king enjoyed his own again4 ,this might be one reason for the artist choosing a scene contiguous to the beautiful equestrian statue#adc of ,charles ,i4 ,in the distance we see a house on fire1--an accident very likely to happen on such a night as this4 ,the original pictures of ,morning and ,noon were sold to the ,duke of ,ancaster for fifty-seven guineas2 ,evening and ,night to ,sir ,william ,heathcote for sixty-four guineas4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,strolling ,,players4 ,as the ,act prohibiting performance of any play or interlude which was not sanctioned by the ,lord ,chamberlain passed about the time that this print was published1 and is particularly referred to in the engraving1 a short view of the ,english drama1 and the circumstances which occasioned the ,bill's being brought into the ,house of ,commons1 seems immediately connected with the subject4 ,our first theatrical exhibitions had a religious tendency2#add they were under the direction of the clergy1 represented a story compiled from the ,bible1 or some legendary tale of a canonized saint1 and were denominated mysteries4 ,in the year #acgh1 the scholars of ,paul's ,school presented a petition to ,richard ,,ii41 praying his ,majesty to prohibit some unexpert people from presenting the ,history of the ,old ,testament1 to the great prejudice of the clergy1 who had been at much expense in order to represent it publicly at ,christmas4 ,in #acij1 interludes were played at ,skinner's ,well2 and again1 in #adji1 the parish clerks of ,london performed plays for eight days successively at ,clerkenwell1 which took its name from these right learned and worthy performers4 ,their play had for its subject the creation of the world1 and was honoured with the presence of most of the nobility in the kingdom1 and very many gentry also attended4 ,this unenlightened period has been properly called the dead sleep of the ,muses4 ,they did not presently awake3 the moralities which followed were produced in a kind of morning dream4 ,they1 however1 had some shadow of meaning1 which is more than can be said of the exhibitions which preceded them4 ,the mysteries represented1 in a confused and senseless manner1 some incredible tale2 but in the moralities a plan was aimed at1 and something like poetry was attempted4 ,the virtues1 vices1 and affections of the mind were frequently personified2 good actions were rewarded1 and wickedness chastised4 ,religion was at that time professed to be the leading object1 and even their amusements had a tendency to promote it3 were moralities performed now1 they would unquestionably turn upon politics4 ,in the reign of that most righteous prince ,henry ,,viii41 very properly distinguished from the monarchs who preceded him as ,defender of the ,faith1 and so forth1 an ,act was made for the promoting of true religion4 ,in this ,act a clause is inserted1 restraining all rimours or plaiers from singing in songs1 or playing in interludes1 anything that should contradict the acknowledged doctrines4 ,it was customary at this time to enact these moral and religious dramas in private houses2 and the dramatis person were so contrived1 that five or six actors might represent twenty characters4 ,players1 says honest ,john ,stowe1 were in former times retainers to noblemen2 and none had the privilege to act plays but such as were so retained4 ,these divertissements were then a recreation1 and used1 therefore1 now and then occasionally2 but afterwards1 by abuse1 they became a trade and calling1 and so remain unto this day4 ,in #aegd1 ,sir ,james ,hawes being ,mayor1 the ,common ,council of ,london passed an ,act1 wherein it was ordained that no play should be openly acted within the liberties of the city1 wherein should be uttered any words1 examples1 or doings1 of any unchastity1 sedition1 or such like unfit or uncomely matters1 under the penalty of five pounds1 and fourteen days' imprisonment4 ,and further1 that no plays should be acted till first perused and allowed by the ,lord ,mayor and ,court of ,aldermen4 ,but even these sagacious and judicious laws failed in their effect1 for the drama remained not only dead1 dull1 and unprofitable1 but depraved2 when1 like the sun bursting through a cloud1 ,immortal ,shakspeare rose2 ,each change of many-colour'd life he drew1 ,exhausted worlds1 and then imagin'd new3 ,existence saw him spurn her bounded reign1 ,and panting ,time toil'd after him in vain3 ,his pow'rful strokes presiding truth confess'd1 ,and unresisted passion storm'd the breast4 ,from that period to this1 theatrical amusements have undergone many changes1 which do not come into my plan to relate1 and the ,legislature have passed many ,acts to check their licentiousness1 which it is not my province to enumerate4 ,a short time previous to the publication of this print1 our dramatic writers thought proper to dip their pens in the sea of politics4 ,to check this growing evil1 it has been said that the minister contrived to have a very indecent performance 7fabricated for the express purpose of showing the enormities of writers for the theatre7 presented to one of the managers4 ,it was brought from the manager to the minister1 shown to a number of persons in power1 and made a pretence for bringing in a ,bill to prohibit the performance of any play or interlude until it had been perused and received the sanction of the ,lord ,chamberlain for the time being4 ,by the friends of the ministers of that day this account has been contradicted4 ,they assert that a piece called the ,golden ,rump1 containing much personal abuse of ,george ,,ii4 and ,queen ,caroline1 was on the point of being acted at the theatre in the ,haymarket4 ,sir ,robert ,walpole having notice of it1 procured a copy1 in consequence of which the performance was stopped1 and the ,act passed4 ,it was introduced as intended to explain1 amend1 and enforce so much of an ,act made in the twelfth year of the reign of ,queen ,anne as related to rogues1 vagabonds1 and common players of interludes4 ,lord ,chesterfield1 in a very long speech1 reprobated the principle upon which it was founded1 and exerted all his eloquence to prevent its passing into a law4 ,this oration gave a temporary popularity to the speaker1 but did not serve the cause for which it was made4 ,the ,bill passed2 but the people were so irritated that the power which it gave the ,lord ,chamberlain should be exerted in favour of foreigners1 that in the year #agch1 when some ,french actors1 authorized by his licence1 attempted to perform a ,french play at the ,haymarket1 a mob in the street broke the windows1 and attempted to pull down the house1 though many persons of high rank1 and the ,french ambassador1 were in the boxes4 ,the print to which this little account is introductory1 receives a title from its female performers only2 and yet in this theatrical house of commons we discover at least four representatives of the other sex1 viz4 ,apollo1 ,cupid1 and two male devils4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,strolling ,,actresses ,,dressing ,,in ,a ,,barn4 ,since ,thespis1 mighty father of the art1 ,declaim'd1 and rav'd1 and ranted in a cart1 ,his wandering offspring1 to their parent true1 ,have kept their great original in view3 ,patents they scorn1 as modern innovation1 ,and here have humbly made a barn their station3 ,a barn6--in which though time has made a breach1 ,they cleave the general air with horrid speech4 ,the wearied rustic now the flail suspends1 ,and the drum's thunder all the region rends2 ,where erst the reapers sung their ,harvest ,home1 ,the martial trumpet echoes through the dome2 ,remov'd1 the chaff-dispersing1 winnowing fly1 ,lo6 the ,norwegian banners flout the sky3#ade ,where perch'd the moping owl1 we now behold ,the ,roman eagle wave his wings in gold2 ,and where the circling bat each night was seen1 ,medea's dragons draw their barbarous queen3 ,on that oak floor1 once pil'd with sheaves of corn1 ,see ,juliet's bier in sad procession borne2 ,where the sleek rat was wont to pilfer grain1 ,the fiery ,tibbald falls1 and ,hamlet's slain6 ,and where each night the cunning weazel crept1 ,richard has roar'd1 and ,desdemona wept4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,strolling ,,actresses ,,dressing ,,in ,a ,,barn4 ,mr4 ,horace ,walpole thinks that this print1 for wit and imagination1 without any other end1 ought to be ranked as the first of ,hogarth's works2 and ,rouquet1 in the only mention he makes of it1 says3 ,les comdiens de campagne sont reprsents dans une grange1 au milieu d'un mlange ridicule de misere et de pompe thatrale1 se prparant jouer une tragdie4 ,the scene is laid in a barn1#adf and intended to represent the state dressing-room of a strolling company4 ,here at one hour the gallant ,hotspur laces on his leathern armour1 and at another the lively ,beatrice laces on her stays4 ,the time is evening1 and the actors from the ,london theatres are preparing to perform a farce1 which1 by the play-bill1 is declared to be ,the ,devil to pay in ,heaven4 ,the dramatis person are principally deities1 and deities of the first order4 ,on the bill are the names of ,jupiter1 ,juno1 ,diana1 ,flora1 ,night1 ,siren1 ,aurora1 ,eagle1 ,cupid1 two devils1 a ghost1 and attendants4 ,to this divine catalogue is added rope-dancing1 tumbling1 etc4 ,the inferior performers are3 two musical kittens1 a pair of fiery dragons1 one ,roman eagle1 and though last mentioned1 not least in consequence1 a venerable monkey4 ,seated upon an inverted wheel-barrow1 which may occasionally serve for a triumphal car1 a lady1 who by her haughty demeanour and imperial crown we know to be the ox-eyed ,juno1 is majestically stretching out her leg1 and pathetically rehearsing her part4 ,descended from her ebon car1 with a sooty face1 and star-bespangled robe sweeping the ground1 the sable goddess ,night is mending her majesty's stocking4 ,the ,star of ,evening1 which sheds its sober light above her head1 is apparently formed of a brass instrument used in making pastry4 ,a venerable female1 with one eye1 who by the dagger in her mantle we conjecture to be the ,tragic ,muse1#adg is cutting off a cat's tail1 in order to extract a sanguine stream for some murderous representation1 or that ,the mailed ,mars may on his altar sit ,up to the ears in blood4 ,but this savage amputation1 which seems to excite no emotion in the operator1 is warmly resented by the feline sufferer1 who1 enraged at the pain1 revenges this barbarous indignity by tearing1 with teeth and talons1 the female tumbler who holds her2 and1 could she speak1 would vehemently exclaim1 in the words of ,shakspeare1 ,cursed the blood that let this blood from hence4 ,two little devils1 with horns just budded1 are eagerly contesting the right in a flagon of ale1 out of which one is drinking1 and seems determined to get to the bottom1 if it were a mile4 ,the flagon has been placed on a ,grecian altar1 with a loaf of bread and a pipe of tobacco1 which being still lighted1 the smoke ascends in curling eddies2 the grateful incense is inhaled by all present1 ,and heavenly fragrance fills the circuit wide4 ,the fascinating female stripped to her chemise1 her head decorated with feathers and flowers1 is marked by her crescent to be the goddess of the silver bow--the chaste ,diana4 ,a principal figure in the picture1 with one foot resting upon her hoop1 the other behind the altar1 ,she stands like feather'd ,mercury ,new lighted on a heaven-kissing hill2 impressed with the dignity of her character1 and inspired with divine fervour1 she is rehearsing her part4 ,at her right hand the blooming ,flora is seated at her toilet3 and the toilet of ,flora is a wicker hamper1 to which is appended a label inscribed ,jewels2 from whence we may naturally infer that it contains the glittering regalia of the company4 ,her robe of various dyes is carelessly thrown over it as a veil2 and placed upon it is somewhat like part of a coffee-mill with a candle in it1 a broken looking-glass1 a broken ivory comb1 and an oyster-shell1 containing what ,mr4 ,warren emphatically calls love-inspiring rouge1 to dye the white rose to a bloody red4 ,one hand holds a candle1 with which she delicately pastes up her hair--sweets to the sweet6 the other grasps a dredger to powder her head4 ,apollo and ,cupid are jointly engaged in reaching down a pair of stockings that are hung to dry on a cloud4 ,the little archer-- ,regent of love-rhymes1 lord of folded arms1 ,the anointed sovereign of sighs and groans1 ,liege of all loiterers and malcontents-- the little archer has wings1 but they will not exalt him to the clouded canopy2 he is obliged to mount a ladder4 ,on the ground1 beneath him1 is ,aurora1 designated by the bright morning star1 day's harbinger1 glittering in her hair4 ,her rosy fingers are employed in the service of the charming though intoxicated siren1 who offers the hero 7that is perhaps intended to personate ,ganymede7 a glass of spirits4 ,this the cupbearer of ,jupiter very gladly accepts1 in the hope of relief from an aching tooth1 the agony of which is intimated by his countenance1 and the handkerchief1 which was once lost by the chaste ,desdemona1 being held up to his face3 ,there was never yet philosopher ,that could endure the toothache patiently2 ,however they have writ the style of gods1 ,and made a pish at chance and sufferance4 ,in one corner a lady1 who personates ,jove's eagle1 is feeding a child4 ,within the hollow crown ,that rounds the mortal temples of a king1 is placed a tin saucepan with the infant's food4 ,the child1 terrified with the enormous beak hanging over its head1 refuses the proffered nourishment4 ,this crown once pressed the brow of haughty ,bolingbroke3 ,and when young ,harry did the crown purloin1 ,he wept--because it was not current coin4 ,in the other corner1 a monkey1 in a long cloak1 a bag-wig1 and solitaire1 is degrading the plumed helmet of ,alexander4 ,two kittens seem happily engaged3 one of them1 in a style that shows she has a fine finger1 touches the trembling lyre2 the other rolls an orb imperial4 ,near them are a number of balls1#adh and two cups2 which intimate that this company of comedians practise sleight of hand1 and to fill their house will sometimes condescend to play legerdemain tricks4 ,in the same part of the print are three emblems of the law--two judges' periwigs1 and a halter4 ,a mitre filled with tragedies and farces1 and a dark lantern1 are placed upon a pulpit-cushion4 ,whether the artist intended these for symbols of the church1 and designed to hint at the dark cloud which long enveloped the mysteries of religion1 or had any other meaning1 must be determined by those who have studied polemic divinity1 and considered ecclesiastical history4 ,a trunk1 which has occasionally served for the concealment of ,iachimo1 and been displayed as the coffin of ,juliet1 is now placed with the end upwards1 and become the reading-desk of the ox-eyed ,juno4 ,upon it is a tinder-box1 and the thunderbolt of ,jove1 a salt-box1 and a rolling-pin4 ,the two last articles have much importance in the catalogue of the properties of their orchestra4 ,their leading musical instrument1 the sonorous bass-viol1 leans against the altar1 and the sweet-sounding lyre lies on the floor4 ,ten small tallow candles1 stuck in clay1 will be fastened to a hoop1 which1 suspended by a packthread over the centre of the stage1 must form a most magnificent chandelier4 ,on that bed which has been pressed by the gentle ,desdemona1 and softened the sleep of beauteous ,imogen1 are two play-bills and four eggs4 ,one of the eggs is broken3 the others may perhaps be intended to render the silver-toned siren's voice more softly musical4 ,two sets of waves1 which gave the tempest-tossed vessel an appearance of being suspended ',twixt the green sea and cloudy canopy ,of o'er-arching heaven1 are in a dead calm1 resting against the wall4 ,one of them is become the roosting place of a hen and chickens4 ,the frieze1 festooned column1 and arched door1 form part of their grand scene2 but they1 as well as the vase with flowers1 are in too elegant a style for their accompaniments4 ,the spirit-stirring drum1 martial trumpet1 and enchanted besom1 make an admirable trophy4 ,the two first may serve to call the shallow ,richmond to arms1 or rouse ,macbeth to more than mortal deeds2 the latter is unquestionably used in the incantations of ,hecate1 and may be sometimes bestrid by one of the weird sisters1 to ride in the whirlwind1 and direct the storm4 ,the two dragons will astonish a rustic audience2 and the rattling car1 rolled over elastic planks1 will make dreadful thunder4#adi ,the ,british flag must wave for every nation upon earth2#aej may be borne before ,macedonia's madman in his triumphal entry1 or wave upon the battlements of ,macbeth's castle4 ,it is either the ensign of ,henry or the standard of ,coriolanus4 ,the straw deposited in a corner may serve for the bed of ,lear1 the head of ,edgar1 or the hands of the fair ,ophelia4 ,canopied by an opaque cloud1 inscribed ,oedipus and ,jocasta1 and evidently intended as a scene in ,lee's mad play1#aea we discover the heads of two figures reposing in the straw1 instead of the garden1 as was their custom in the afternoon4 ,a fellow1 clambered to the top of the barn1 is profanely prying into the hallowed mysteries of the green-room4 ,a little lower is the ,roman eagle and standard2 close to them a paint-pot1 palette1 and pencils4 ,the very natural appearance of two rural scenes which lean against the wooden wall1 evince that some eminent artist has united the two professions1 and is both painter and hero to the company4 ,hills and dales are of his dressing4 ,he can delineate the blasted oak or nodding turret1 the lofty castle or humble cottage1 with such brilliancy of colouring and splendour of effect1 that the astonished connoisseur sometimes exclaims1 ,there is something in this more than nature1 ,if philosophy could find it out4 ,a target1 close to the altar1 is richly embossed with ,medusa's head4 ,a salt-box1 before the divine ,juno1 is chalked with hieroglyphic marks that might have been originally made by this sovereign daughter of the drama as a check upon an alehouse score4 ,this economical attention to ,cocker's ,arithmetic is very necessary with even a royal revenue2 for ,he who to-night is seated on a throne1 ,calls subjects1 empires1 kingdoms1 all his own1 ,who wears the diadem and regal robe1 ,next morning shall awake as poor as ,job4 ,hard is the fortune of a strolling player1 ,necessity's rough burden doom'd to bear2 ,and scanty is the pittance he can earn1 ,wandering from town to town1 from barn to barn4 ,where are my forty knights8 cries frantic ,lear4 ,a page replies1 ,your majesty1 they're here1-- ,when1 lo6 two bailiffs1 and a writ appear4#aeb ,the chemise1 apron1 cap1 and ruffles1 hanging upon a rope to dry1 display marks of a laudable industry1 and prove that these dignified personages1 maugre their exalted rank1 wash their own linen4 ,the gridiron1 close to the bed1 intimates that they are not above broiling their own beefsteaks4 ,the expression of the figures in this print is admirable4 ,nothing can exceed the mock-heroic dignity of ,juno2#aec she is as haughty as one of her own peacocks4 ,the ,tragic ,muse has been so frequently up to the ears in blood1 that she laughs at the tortures of the poor quadruped whose tail she is cutting off4 ,the faces of the tumbler1 the cat1 and the ,medusa1 in beauty and character1 contend for mastery4 ,a little devil1 who has his fist clenched1 and threatens the other for drinking so deep1 is admirably marked2 from the eyes of his twin-brother1 with the vessel to his mouth1 we see that he highly relishes and greedily inhales the delicious draught4 ,the group1 formed by the five preceding characters1 is well composed1 and their various dispositions most forcibly delineated4 ,in the ranting representative of the pale moon1 unblushing1 unabashed impudence2 in the siren1 mawkish intoxication2 and in ,ganymede1 an appearance of that agony which arises from the toothache4 ,notwithstanding the candle that is near setting fire to the hamper of jewels1 we see through a breach in the thatch that this is a daylight picture2 in so shattered a tenement1 it is not easy to determine from what source the figures are illuminated4 ,from the ,act of ,parliament which lies upon the bed1 we learn that this diabolical drama will be their last performance2 and when this abstract and brief chronicle of the times have fretted their little hour upon the stage1 and made their exit1 the barn will be appropriated to its proper uses3 ,rich harvests bury all their pride has plann'd1 ,and laughing ,ceres reassume the land4 ,that time come1 ,this glittering show ,of canvas1 paint1 and plaister shall lie low2 ,these gorgeous palaces1 yon cloud-capt scene-- ,this barn itself will be a barn again3 ,the spirit-stirring drum will cease to roar1 ,the prompter's whistle will be heard no more2 ,but echoing sounds of rustic toil prevail1 ,the winnowing hiss1 and clapping of the flail3 ,hither once more may unhous'd vagrants fly1 ,to shun the inclement blast and pelting sky3 ,on ,lear's own straw gipsies may rest their head1 ,and trulls lie snug in ,desdemona's bed4 ,the original picture is in the possession of ,mr4 ,wood of ,lyttlecote1 who purchased it for twenty-six guineas6 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,mr4 ,,garrick ,,in ,,the ,,character ,,of ,,richard ,,iii4 ,give me another horse1--bind up my wounds1-- ,have mercy1 ,jesu6--,soft2 ,i did but dream4-- ,o coward conscience1 how dost thou afflict me6-- ,the lights burn blue6--,is it not dead midnight8 ,cold1 fearful drops hang on my trembling flesh4 ,illustration3 ,,garrick ,,as ,,richard ,,iii4 ,such is the exclamation of ,richard1 and such is the disposition of his mind at the moment of this delineation4 ,in character and expression of countenance the artist has succeeded1 but in resemblance--he has failed4 ,the features have no likeness to the features of ,mr4 ,garrick1 and the figure gives an idea of a larger and more muscular man4 ,the lamp1 diffusing a dim religious light through the tent1 the crucifix placed at his head1 the crown and unsheathed sword at his hand1 and the armour lying on the ground1 are judicious and appropriate accompaniments4 ,his helmet is crested with a boar passant1 the armorial ensign of his family4 ,near it lies a piece of paper1 on which is written1 ,jockey of ,norfolk1 be not too bold1 ,for ,dickon thy master is bought and sold4 ,this paper was put in the ,duke of ,norfolk's tent the night before the engagement2 but not being brought to ,richard until after the time represented in this scene1 can only be admitted by that poetical licence which has been generally allowed to poets and painters4 ,the figures in the distance1 two of whom1 ,like sacrifices by their fires of watch1 ,with patience sit1 and inly ruminate ,the morning's danger1 are properly introduced1 and highly descriptive4 ,the tents of ,richmond are so near1 ,that the fix'd sentinels almost receive ,the secret whispers of each other's watch4 ,considered as a whole1 the composition is simple1 and the figures well drawn4 ,the drapery illustrates his own precepts in the ,analysis1 where he says3 ,the robes of state are always made large and full1 because they give a grandeur of appearance suitable to offices of the greatest distinction4 ,the judges' robes have an awful dignity given them by the quantity of their contents2 and when the train is held up1 there is a noble waving line descending from the shoulders of the judge to the hand of his train-bearer4 ,so1 when the train is gently thrown aside1 it generally falls into a great variety of folds1 which again employ the eye1 and fix its attention4 ,the grandeur of the ,eastern dress1 which so far surpasses the ,european1 depends as much on quantity as costliness4 ,in a word1 it is quantity which adds greatness to grace4 ,there was some propriety in ,hogarth choosing to paint ,mr4 ,garrick in this character4 ,it was the first he appeared in1 on the #aith of ,october #agda1 at ,goodman's ,fields1 and his performance gave proof of talents which merited the celebrity he afterwards attained4 ,at that time ,quin was the popular player2 but his laboured action1 hollow tones1 and the manner in which he heaved up his words1 were not borne after ,garrick's easy1 familiar1 and yet forcible style had been seen by the town4 ,the surly actor's remark upon this heresy of the critics was1 that all this was a new religion2 but though ,whitfield was followed for a time1 the people would soon return to the true church4 ,garrick's epigram1 in reply1 has some point3 ,poor ,quin1 who damns all churches but his own1 ,complains that heresy corrupts the town3 ',schism1' he cries1 'has turned the nation's brain2 ,but eyes will open1--and to church again6' ,thou great infallible forbear to roar1 ,thy bulls and errors are rever'd no more2 ,when doctrines meet with general approbation1 ,it is not heresy1 but reformation4 ,his soliloquy1 written in the character of ,quin1 on seeing ,duke ,humphrey at ,st4 ,albans1 has humour3 ,a plague on ,egypt's arts1 ,i say1 ,embalm the dead6--on senseless clay ,rich wines and spices waste6 ,like sturgeon1 or like brawn1 shall ,i ,drown'd in a precious pickle lie1 ,which ,i can never taste6 ,let me embalm this flesh of mine ,with turtle fat and ,bourdeaux wine1 ,and spoil the ,egyptian trade2 ,than ,humphrey's ,duke1 more happy ,i-- ,embalm'd alive1 old ,quin shall die1 ,a mummy ready made4 ,by ,lord ,orrery's#aed persuasions1 ,mr4 ,pope went to ,goodman's ,fields and saw ,garrick in the first dawn of his fame4 ,this great poet1 who had formed his taste upon the solemn and dignified elevation of voice which distinguished ,betterton 7to whom he was so partial1 that he once painted his portrait1 which1 until it was burnt in the riots of #aghj1 was in the possession of ,lord ,mansfield72--this great poet was so struck with the natural elocution of ,mr4 ,garrick1 that he exclaimed1 ,the young man will be flattered1 and ruined2 for there will be no competitor that can excite his emulation4 ,his prophecy was in part fulfilled2 for though ,garrick had many competitors1 he had no equal4 ,in the course of his theatrical career he had frequent attacks1 but they were generally foiled4 ,one great source of his success was1 that ,shakspeare's plays were at that time becoming much more popular than they had been at any preceding period4 ,let it be recorded to the honour of our fair countrywomen1 that this was in some degree owing to several ladies of the first rank and most distinguished taste1 who had some years before formed themselves into a society to support1 by their presence and encouragement1 all the best plays of ,shakspeare4 ,they were called the ,shakspeare ,club1 and every week ordered some favourite play of our divine bard2 but the feeble powers of the performers were not sufficient to support the reviving taste of the public4 ,the best among them thought that the whole art of playing consisted in measured1 pompous periods1 and that an approach to nature was a departure from eloquence4 ,the pellucid stream of ,avon was congealed by the coldness of their declamation1 and the beams of ,shakspeare enveloped in the vapour of their mock-heroic recitative4 ,until the appearance of this our ,newton of the theatre1 the drama was under a dense cloud3 he came1 and all was light4 ,mr4 ,garrick's profession was not adopted from necessity1 but choice2 and to him the profession is very materially obliged1 for he has placed it in a much more respectable point of view than it ever had before4 ,his various powers as an actor1 to those who have seen him1 it is unnecessary to describe2 to those who have not1 it is impossible4 ,his abilities as a writer were not of the first order1 but they were by no means of the last4 ,it has been remarked1 that his prologues and epilogues had generally some allusion to eating3 considered as local and temporary compositions1 they have merit2 and his epigrams1 which usually turned upon some little circumstance of the day1 have point4 ,they sometimes drew forth additional flashes from his friends1 and sometimes the retort of those at whom they were aimed2 as in the following1 addressed to the redoubted and eccentric ,doctor ,hill3-- ,for physic and farces1 ,thy equal there scarce is2 ,thy farces are physic1 ,thy physic a farce is4 ,the two next were afterwards inserted in the public prints1 and said to be the productions of some of ,mr4 ,garrick's friends3-- ,thou essence of dock1 of valerian1 and sage1 ,at once the disgrace and the pest of this age1 ,the worst that we wish thee for all thy d---d crimes1 ,is to take thy own physic1 and read thy own rhymes4 --,the ,junto4 ,answer to the ,junto4 ,their wish in form must be revers'd ,to suit the doctor's crimes2 ,for he who takes his physic first1 ,will never read his rhymes4 --,another ,junto4 ,this was too bad1 and the ,doctor sent the following answer to one of the papers3-- ,ye desperate ,junto1 ye great1 or ye small1 ,who combat dukes1 doctors1 the devil and all1 ,whether gentlemen scribblers1 or poets in jail1 ,your impertinent curses shall never prevail3 ,i'll take neither sage1 dock1 nor balsam of honey3 ,do you take the physic1 and ,i'll take the money4 --,anti-,junto4 ,like his brethren of the sock and buskin1 our ,english ,roscius was honoured with much attention from the public prints4 ,they gave us critical examinations of his powers1 and critical disquisitions upon his defects2 from an enumeration of which it was proved1 clearly proved1 that he would never be a good actor4 ,the remarks of these ingenious gentlemen were soon forgotten3 the testimony of an applauding public answered and refuted them4 ,by way of antidote to these poisons1 it must be acknowledged that ,mr4 ,garrick's friends nearly surfeited the town with injudicious praise4 ,their flattery was gross enough to have disgusted any other man2 but he had been so accustomed to strong doses of panegyric1 that he could at last swallow them double distilled4 ,i have said that he was an actor by choice2 ,i might have added1 that he was always an actor4 ,goldsmith's lines in retaliation are a true portrait3 ,of praise a mere glutton1 he swallow'd what came1 ,and the puff of a dunce--he mistook it for fame2 ,till his relish grown callous almost to disease1 ,who pepper'd the highest was surest to please4 ,but let us be candid1 and speak out our mind1 ,if dunces applauded1 he paid them in kind3 ,ye ,kenricks1 ye ,kellys1 ye ,woodfalls so grave1 ,what a commerce was yours1 while you got and you gave6 ,how did ,grub ,street re-echo the shouts that you rais'd1 ,while he was be-,roscius'd1 and you were be-prais'd6 ,but peace to his spirit1 wherever it flies1 ,to act as an angel1 and mix with the skies1 etc4 ,the ode to the memory of ,shakspeare1 which he wrote and spoke at ,stratford1 with many weak lines1 has some that show strong marks of a fervid imagination and vigorous mind4 ,to instance the following3 ,when ,philip's fam'd1 all-conquering son1 ,had every blood-stain'd laurel won1 ,he sigh'd that his creative word1 ,like that which rules the skies1 ,could not bid other nations rise1 ,to glut his yet unsated sword4 ,but when our ,shakspeare's matchless pen1 ,like ,alexander's sword1 had done with men1 ,he heav'd no sigh1 he made no moan2 ,not limited to human kind1 ,he fir'd his wonder-teeming mind1 ,rais'd other worlds and beings of his own4#aee ,many of his jeu d'esprits are related2 the following ,i never saw recorded4 ,when he and ,quin strutted at the same theatre1 and in the same play1 the performance ending1 and the night being rainy1 each of them ordered a chair1 and walked to the door of the playhouse4 ,to the mortification of ,quin1 ,garrick's chair came first3 ,let me get into the chair1 cried the surly veteran1 let me get into the chair1 and put little ,davy into the lantern4 ,by all means1 replied ,garrick1 ,i shall be happy to give ,mr4 ,quin light in anything4 ,the little tribute which ,doctor ,johnson has paid to his memory is written from the heart3 ,i cannot resist transcribing it3-- ,at this man's 7,mr4 ,walmsley's7 table ,i enjoyed many cheerful and instructive hours with companions such as are not often to be found2 with one who has heightened1 and who has gladdened life3 with ,dr4 ,james1 whose skill in physic will be long remembered2 and with ,david ,garrick1 whom ,i hoped to have gratified with this character of our common friend4 ,but what are the hopes of man6 ,i am disappointed by that stroke of death1 which has eclipsed the gaiety of nations1 and impoverished the public stock of harmless pleasure4--,life of ,edmund ,smith4 ,mr4 ,hogarth lived in habits of intimacy with ,david ,garrick1 who being ,president of the ,shakspeare ,club at the time of the ,stratford ,jubilee1 our painter made him a drawing of a chair1 which was afterwards wrought in mahogany4 ,a medallion of ,shakspeare1 carved by ,hogarth from a piece of the ,stratford mulberry-tree1 is suspended to the back of it4 ,the paintings of the ,harlot's ,progress1 and ,strolling ,players1 produced little more than a hundred guineas2 but in such estimation are portraits1 that the original picture from which this print was copied1 in every point of view inferior1 was purchased by the late ,mr4 ,duncombe1 of ,duncombe ,park1 ,yorkshire1 at two hundred pounds6 ,it still remains in his family4 ,the print1 by ,mr4 ,hogarth's permission1 was copied for a watch-paper4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness4 ,the following description of ,mr4 ,hogarth's design in these twelve plates is copied from his own handwriting3-- ,industry and ,idleness exemplified in the conduct of two fellow-'prentices2 where the one by taking good courses1 and pursuing points for which he was put apprentice1 becomes a valuable man1 and an ornament to his country2 the other1 by giving way to idleness1 naturally falls into poverty1 and ends fatally1 as is expressed in the last print4 ,as the prints were intended more for use than ornament1 they were done in a way that might bring them within the purchase of those whom they might most concern2 and lest any print should be mistaken1 the description of each print is engraved at top4 ,such is the professed intention of the artist1 and such his apology for the manner in which these plates are engraved2 for1 as ,mr4 ,walpole justly remarks1 they have more merit in their intention than execution4 ,as a contrast to an idle and vicious character1 who is brought to consequent misery and shame1 his fellow-'prentice is depicted moral1 attentive1 and industrious2 and1 by regular and natural gradations1 attains the highest dignities of the greatest city in ,europe4 ,this is making the pencil an instrument in the cause of virtue1 holding up the mirror of morality and truth1 and showing the fair reward of industry and integrity to be happiness1 honour1 and independence2 and the inevitable consequences of idleness and vice to be poverty1 misery1 and shame4 ,the hint for contrasting these two very opposite characters is taken from the old play of ,eastward ,hoe1 written by ,ben ,jonson1 ,george ,chapman1 and ,john ,marston1 printed for ,william ,aspley1 #afje1 and reprinted in ,dodsley's collection4 ,in this comedy1 ,touchstone1 a plain and honest old citizen and goldsmith1 has two apprentices1 ,golding and ,quicksilver3 the former is a counterpart of ,hogarth's ,goodchild1 and the latter has many of the dispositions of ,mr4 ,thomas ,idle4 ,touchstone1 in a proverbial and formal style1 advises all who wish to become respectable1 and acquire independence1 to conduct themselves on the same principles that he had done1 and by adherence to which he had gained his fortune3 ,i hired me a little shop1 bought low1 took small profits1 kept no debt book2 garnished my shop 7instead of plate7 with good1 wholesome1 thrifty sentences3 such as1 ',touchstone1 keep thy shop1 and thy shop will keep thee2' ',light gains make a heavy purse2' ',it is good to be merry and wise1' etc4 etc4 ',seek not to go beyond your tether1 ,but cut your thong unto your leather2 ,so shall you thrive by little and little1 ',scape ,tyburn1 ,counter1 and the ,spittal4' ,the prologue concludes with what may serve as an explanatory apology for the prints as well as the play3 ,bear with our willing pains1--or dull or witty1 ,we only dedicate it to the ,city4 ,golding marries ,touchstone's favourite daughter2 and the old citizen1 in the quaint style of that day1 wishes he may live to see him one of the monuments of the city1 and reckoned among her worthies2 to be remembered the same day with ,lady ,ramsey and grave ,gresham1 when the famous fable of ,whittington and his puss shall be forgotten1 and thou and thy acts become the posies for hospitals2 when thy name shall be written upon conduits1 and thy deeds played i' thy lifetime by the best company of actors1 and be called their ',get-penny2' this ,i divine and prophesy4 ,in the comedy1 as in the prints1 one of the scenes is laid at ,cuckold's ,haven2 young ,golding becoming a magistrate1 ,quicksilver is brought before him as a criminal1 etc4 etc4 ,,plate ,i4 ,,the ,,fellow-',,prentices ,,at ,,their ,,looms4 ,the drunkard shall come to poverty2 and drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags4--,,proverbs ,,xxiii4 #ba4 ,the hand of the diligent maketh rich4--,,proverbs ,x4 #d4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,i4 ,at the time these twelve prints were published1 the business of a silk weaver was considered as much more respectable and important than it has been since the general fashion of wearing linen4 ,the first view we have of the two heroes of our history1 is at the looms of their master1 an inhabitant of ,spitalfields4 ,the assiduity of one of these young artisans is manifested in his countenance1 and attention to the business he is engaged in4 ,over his head hang those two excellent old ballads1 ,turn again1 ,whittington1 ,lord ,mayor of ,london1 and ,the ,valiant ,apprentice4 ,on the floor near him is the ',prentice's ,guide1 a book which our citizen probably presented to every young man he had under his care2 for we see the same title on a mutilated volume at the feet of ,mr4 ,thomas ,idle1 who1 being asleep1 has dropped his shuttle1 which a cat is playing with4 ,on the wall hangs the ballad of ,moll ,flanders1 and very near him is a tobacco-pipe#aef and a porter pot2 the somniferous qualities of these two narcotics have perhaps contributed to close his eyes4 ,his appearance is consonant to his disposition2 hair uncombed1 collar unbuttoned1 and worn-out coat1 are strong indications of negligence and sloth4 ,with angry eye1 and cane lifted up1 the master1 just entering the room1 seems very well disposed to punish his indolence and drowsiness2 but these habits are too strongly rooted to be eradicated by chastisement4 ,thus far is admirably thought1 and intelligibly depicted2 but the delineation1 as far as regards the picturesque effect1 is beneath criticism4 ,the head of ,master ,francis ,goodchild1 placed between two square posts1 looks as if it were stuck in the pillory2 the physiognomy of ,mister ,thomas ,idle is correctly correspondent with his depraved character2 but the introduction of such a number of angles and parallel lines as the scene demanded1 the artist's eye could never have borne upon any other principle than that given in his introductory declaration1 that the prints were intended for use more than ornament4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,the ,,industrious ',,prentice ,,performing ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,a ,,christian4 ,o how ,i love ,thy law6 it is my meditation all the day4--,,psalm ,,cxix4 #ig4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,this plate displays our industrious young man attending divine service1 in the same pew with his master's daughter1 where he shows every mark of decent and devout attention4 ,mr4 ,hogarth's strong bias to burlesque was not to be checked by time or place4 ,it is not easy to imagine anything more whimsically grotesque than the female ,falstaff4 ,a fellow near her1 emulating the deep-toned organ1 and the man beneath1 who1 though asleep1 joins his sonorous tones in melodious chorus with the admirers of those two pre-eminent poets1 ,hopkins and ,sternhold4 ,the pew-opener is a very prominent and principal figure2 two old women adjoining ,miss ,west's seat are so much in shadow1 that we are apt to overlook them3 they are1 however1 all three making the dome ring with their exertions4 ,ah6 had it been ,king ,david's fate ,to hear them sing4444 ,the preacher1 reader1 and clerk1 with many of the small figures in the gallery and beneath1 are truly ludicrous2 and we regret their being on so reduced a scale1 that they are scarce perceptible to the naked eye4 ,it was necessary that the artist should exhibit a crowded congregation1 but it must be acknowledged he has neglected the rules of perspective4 ,the print wants depth4 ,in the countenance of ,miss ,west and her lover there is a resemblance4 ,their faces have not much expression1 but this is atoned for by a natural and pleasing simplicity4 ,character was not necessary4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,the ,,idle ',,prentice ,,at ,,play ,,in ,,the ,,churchyard ,,during ,,divine ,,service4 ,judgments are prepared for scorners1 and stripes for the back of fools4--,,proverbs ,,xix4 #bi4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,while the industrious and sedate apprentice is engaged in such exercises as mend the heart and improve the understanding2 while properly devoting the seventh day to the praise of his ,creator1 he attends divine service1 returns thanks for the blessings he enjoys1 and prays for their continuance1 an inmate of the same house1 about the same age1 and of the same rank in society1 who might have participated in all his advantages1 is stretched upon a grave-stone in the churchyard1 and gambling with a group of mendicants4 ,their amusement seems to be the favourite old ,english game of hustle-cap1 and our idle and unprincipled youth is endeavouring to cheat1 by concealing some of the halfpence under the broad brim of his hat4 ,this is perceived by the shoeblack1 and warmly resented by the fellow with the black patch over his eye1 who loudly insists on the hats being fairly removed4 ,the eager anxiety which marks these mean gamblers is equal to that of two peers playing for an estate4 ,the latter could not have more solicitude for the turn of a die which was to determine who was the proprietor of ten thousand acres1 than is displayed in the countenance of ,mr4 ,thomas ,idle4 ,their debate has been loud1 and their attention is so much engrossed1 that they have not heard the cautious steps of a beadle1 who seems likely to terminate the dispute by a smart stroke from his rattan1 which is aimed with apparent goodwill at the back of our disciple of indolence4 ,his three associates are of the lowest order2 among them is a half-naked shoeblack4 ,like his companion1 with one hand lifted up to his head1 he is disturbing part of that clan who have been always distinguished for their tenacious adherence to the slothful4 ,the tombstone--inscribed1 ,here lies the body of--applies very well to the young gentleman who1 in an attitude highly expressive of idleness1 is recumbent upon it4 ,even the skulls1 on the ground near the new-opened grave1 have character4 ,these1 with the other mementos of mortality1 are indiscriminately scattered on the earth1 and trampled upon by the most contemptible survivors4 ,how rich1 how honoured once1 avails them not4 ,the figures in this print are well grouped1 and the countenances of the gamblers and beadle admirably marked4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,the ,,industrious ',,prentice ,a ,,favourite1 ,,and ,,entrusted ,,by ,,his ,,master4 ,well done1 thou good and faithful servant2 thou hast been faithful over a few things1 ,i will make thee ruler over many things4--,,matthew ,,xxv4 #ba4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,from attention to business and propriety of conduct1 the industrious apprentice has gained the confidence of his employer4 ,he is now in the counting-house1 entrusted with the management of the business2 has the day-book1 purse1 and keys in his hands1 and attentively listens to the directions of his friendly master1 who1 with a face expressive of the highest partiality and regard1 familiarly leans upon his shoulder4 ,a partnership1 on the eve of taking place1 is covertly intimated by a pair of gloves upon the writing-desk4 ,the young merchant's sedulous application is well hinted at by an headpiece to the ,london ,almanac1 ,industry taking time by the forelock4 ,a city porter1 bringing in bales of goods1 has a true ,bardolphian face4 ,the mastiff that attends him is violently opposed by the domestic cat1 who1 considering this house as her own peculiar domain1 and having an hereditary dislike to the canine species1 endeavours to drive him from the premises4 ,neither cat1 dog1 nor porter are well drawn1 nor is much regard paid to perspective2 but the general design is carried on by such easy and natural gradations1 and the consequent success of an attentive conduct displayed in colours so plain and perspicuous1 that little errors in execution should be overlooked or forgiven4 ,,plate ,v4 ,,the ,,idle ',,prentice ,,turned ,,away ,,and ,,sent ,,to ,,sea4 ,a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother4--,,proverbs ,x4 #a4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,v4 ,corrupted by sloth1 and contaminated by bad company1 the idle apprentice1 having forfeited the regard and tired the patience of his master1 is sent to sea1 in the hope that a separation from his associates1 joined to the inevitable hardships of a maritime life1 may in some degree reclaim him4 ,he is exhibited in the ship's boat1 accompanied by his afflicted mother1 whose dress intimates that she is a widow1 and who had naturally formed hopes of this boy's being a comfort to her old age4 ,the waterman1 with a significant face1 points to a figure on a gibbet1 advising him to look at it as emblematical of his future fate4 ,a boy shows him a cat-o'-nine tails as a specimen of the discipline on board a ship2 this water-wit the abandoned young man returns by holding up two fingers in the form of horns1 and recommending this ,joe ,miller of the ,thames to look at ,cuckold's ,point1 which is in the distance4 ,having forfeited his indentures1 he has thrown them into the river1 is totally lost to reflection1 and insensible to the grief of his mother1 the ridicule of his companions1 or his own unhappy situation4 ,that great geographer of the human face1 ,lavater of ,zurich1 has very properly thought a copy of this print worthy a place in his ,essays on ,physiognomy4 ,his observations deserve attention3-- ,here are the traits of drunkenness combined with thoughtless stupidity4 ,who can look without disgust8 ,would these wretches have been what they are1 had they not by vice erased nature's marks8 ,can perversion be more apparent than in the middle profile8 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,,the ,,industrious ',,prentice ,,out ,,of ,,his ,,time1 ,,and ,,married ,,to ,,his ,,master',s ,,daughter4 ,the virtuous woman is a crown to her husband4--,,proverbs ,,xiii4 #d4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,the reward of industry is success4 ,our prudent and attentive youth is now become partner with his master1#aeg and married to his daughter4 ,to show that plenty reigns in this mansion1 a servant distributes the remains of the table to a poor woman1 and the bridegroom pays one of the drummers1 who1 according to ancient custom1 attend with their thundering gratulations the day after a wedding4 ,a performer on the bass viol1 and a herd of butchers armed with marrow-bones and cleavers1 form an ,english concert6#aeh ,a cripple1 with the ballad of ,jesse1 or the ,happy ,pair1 represents a man known by the name of ,philip in the ,tub1 who had visited ,ireland and the ,united ,provinces1 and in the memory of some persons now living was a general attendant at weddings4 ,from those votaries of ,hymen1 who were honoured with his epithalamiums1 he received a small reward4 ,to show that ,messieurs ,west and ,goodchild's habitation is near the ,monument1#aei the base of that stately column appears in the background4 ,a footman and butcher at the opposite corner1 compared with the other figures1 are gigantic2 they might serve for the ,gog and ,magog of ,guildhall4 ,it has been said that the thoughts in this print are trite1 and the actions mean1 which must be in part acknowledged2 but they are natural and appropriate to the rank and situation of the parties1 and to the fashions of the time at which it was published4 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,the ,,idle ',,prentice ,,returned ,,from ,,sea1 ,,and ,,in ,a ,,garret ,,with ,a ,,common ,,prostitute4 ,the sound of a shaken leaf shall chase him4--,,leviticus ,,xxvi4 #cf4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,the profligate and degraded apprentice1 returned from his voyage1 is now exhibited in a garret with a common prostitute4 ,tired of a seafaring life1 where we may naturally suppose he met with punishment adequate to his crimes1 he returns to ,london4 ,by the pistols1 watches1 etc4 which lie upon and near the bed1 it seems evident that the source of his present subsistence is from robbery on the highway4 ,horror and dismay are strongly depicted in his agitated and terrified face4--,what a contrast to the serenity displayed in the countenance of his fellow-'prentice6 ,to prevent surprise1 the door is locked1 double bolted1 and barricaded with planks from the floor2 notwithstanding these precautions1 the noise occasioned by a cat having slipped down a ruinous chimney1 throws him into the utmost terror4 ,not so his depraved companion2 solely engrossed by the plunder upon the bed1#afj she looks with delighted eyes at a glittering earring4 ,the broken jug1 pipe1 knife1 plate1 dram-bottle1 glass1 and pistols1 are very properly introduced2 and the rat1 who makes a precipitate retreat1 instinctively conscious that its natural enemy is near1 renders this filthy and disgusting scene still more nauseous4 ,the lady's hoop is a good specimen of the fashion of that day1 when this cumbrous1 inconvenient1 and ungraceful combination of whales' bones was worn by women of the lowest as well as the highest rank4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,,the ,,industrious ',,prentice ,,grown ,,rich1 ,,and ,,sheriff ,,of ,,london4 ,with all thy gettings1 get understanding4 ,exalt her2 and she shall promote thee2 she shall bring thee to honour1 when thou dost embrace her4--,,proverbs ,,iv4 #g1 #h4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,from industry become opulent1 from integrity and punctuality respectable1 our young merchant is now ,sheriff of ,london1 and dining with the different companies in ,guildhall4 ,a group on the left side are admirably characteristic2 their whole souls seem absorbed in the pleasures of the table4 ,a divine1#afa true to his cloth1 swallows his soup with the highest got4 ,not less gratified is the gentleman palating a glass of wine4 ,the man in a black wig is a positive representative of famine2 and the portly and oily citizen1 with a napkin tucked in his button-hole1#afb has evidently burnt his mouth by extreme eagerness4 ,the backs of those in the distance1 behung with bags1 major perukes1 pinners1 etc41 are most laughably ludicrous4 ,every person present is so attentive to business1 that one may fairly conclude they live to eat1 rather than eat to live4 ,but though this must be admitted to be the case with this party here exhibited1 the following recent instance of city temperance proves that there are now some exceptions3-- ,when the ,lord ,mayor1 ,sheriffs1 ,aldermen1 ,chamberlain1 etc4 of the city of ,london were once seated round the table at a public and splendid dinner at ,guildhall1 ,mr4 ,chamberlain ,wilkes lisped out1 ,mr4 ,alderman ,b--ll1 shall ,i help you to a plate of turtle or a slice of the haunch1--,i am within reach of both1 sir8 ,neither one nor t'other1 ,i thank you1 sir1 replied the ,alderman2 ,i think ,i shall dine on the beans and bacon which are at this end of the table4 ,mr4 ,alderman ,a----n1 continued the ,chamberlain1 which would you choose1 sir8 ,sir1 ,i will not trouble you for either1 for ,i believe ,i shall follow the example of my ,brother ,b--ll1 and dine on beans and bacon1 was the reply4 ,on this second refusal the old ,chamberlain rose from his seat1 and with every mark of astonishment in his countenance1 curled up the corners of his mouth1 cast his eyes round the table1 and in a voice as loud and articulate as he was able1 called ,silence6 which being obtained1 he thus addressed the prtorian magistrate1 who sat in the chair3 ,my ,lord ,mayor1 the wicked have accused us of intemperance1 and branded us with the imputation of gluttony4 ,that they may be put to open shame1 and their profane tongues be from this day utterly silenced1 ,i humbly move that your lordship command the proper officer to record in our annals1 that 'two ,aldermen of the city of ,london prefer beans and bacon to either turtle-soup or venison4' ,notwithstanding all this1 there are men who1 looking on the dark side1 and perhaps rendered splenetic1 and soured by not being invited to these sumptuous entertainments1 have affected to fear that their frequent repetition would have a tendency to produce a famine1 or at least to check the increase1 if not extirpate the species of those birds1 beasts1 and fish with which the tables of the rich are now so plentifully supplied4#afc ,but these half-reasoners do not take into their calculation the number of gentlemen so laudably associated for encouraging cattle being fed so fat that there is no lean left2 or that more ancient association1 sanctioned and supported by severe ,acts of ,parliament1 for the preservation of the game4 ,from the exertions of these and similar societies1 we may reasonably hope there is no occasion to dread any such calamity taking place2 though the ,guildhall tables1 often groaning under such hecatombs as are recorded in the following account1 may make a man of weak nerves and strong digestion shake his head1 and shudder a little3-- ,on the #bith ,october #agbg1 when ,george ,,ii4 and ,queen ,caroline honoured the city with their presence at ,guildhall1 there were nineteen tables covered with #ajge dishes4 ,the whole expense of this entertainment to the city was #dhhi1 #ds4 ,to return to the print6 ,a self-sufficient and consequential beadle1 reading the direction of a letter to ,francis ,goodchild1 ,esq41 ,sheriff of ,london1 has all the insolence of office4 ,the important and overbearing air of this dignified personage is well contrasted by the humble simplicity of the straight-haired messenger behind the bar4 ,the gallery is well furnished with musicians busily employed in their vocation4 ,music hath charms to soothe the savage breast1 ,and therefore proper at a sheriff's feast4 ,besides a portrait of ,william ,,iii4 and a judge1 the hall is ornamented with a full length of that illustrious hero ,sir ,william ,walworth2 in commemoration of whose valour1 the weapon with which he slew ,wat ,tyler was introduced into the city arms4 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,,the ,,idle ',,prentice ,,betrayed ,,by ,a ,,prostitute1 ,,and ,,taken ,,in ,a ,,night-,,cellar ,,with ,,his ,,accomplice4 ,the adulteress will hunt for the precious life4--,,proverbs ,,vi4 #bf4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,from a picture of the reward of diligence1 we return to the consequence of sloth4 ,the idle and incorrigible outcast1 mature in vice1 and lost to society1 is here represented in a night-cellar4#afd ,in this dreary and horrid cavern of vice and infamy he is dividing the spoil produced by robbery with one of his wretched accomplices4 ,the woman that seems his favourite1 and in whose garret we saw him in the seventh plate1 deliberately betrays him4 ,the officers of justice are entering1 and he is on the point of being seized4 ,the corpse of a gentleman1 who has been murdered1 is with unfeeling indifference put down a cavity made in the floor for the purposes of concealment4 ,to show that the grenadiers company were then1 as now1 a virtuous body of men1 one of them1 in a true ,dutch attitude1 is smoking in the corner4 ,a scene of riot1 likely to terminate in blood1 passes in the background4 ,the countenances of the combatants1 and a noseless woman bringing the porter1 are finely marked4 ,a rope1 hanging immediately over a fellow who is asleep1 should not be overlooked4 ,the watches1 which are in a hat1 exhibit another instance of ,hogarth's peculiar accuracy2 each of them is a little after ten4 ,some cards scattered on the floor show the amusements of this earthly ,pandemonium4 ,,plate ,x4 ,,the ,,industrious ',,prentice ,,alderman ,,of ,,london2 ,,the ,,idle ,,one ,,brought ,,before ,,him1 ,,and ,,impeached ,,by ,,his ,,accomplice4 ,thou shalt do no unrighteousness in judgment4--,,leviticus ,,xix4 #ae4 ,the wicked is snared in the work of his own hands4--,,psalm ,,xix4 #af4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,x4 ,he who was an industrious apprentice is now an alderman and a magistrate2 his depraved and atrocious contrast1 who was once his fellow-'prentice1 and the last plate exhibited in a night-cellar1 is now brought handcuffed before him1 and accused of robbery1 aggravated by murder4 ,shocked at seeing the companion of his youth in so degraded a situation1 he instinctively covers his eyes4 ,agitated1 trembling1 terrified1 self-convicted1 and torn by remorse1 the wretched culprit is unable to support his tottering frame4 ,did he not lean upon the bar1 he would sink to the earth4 ,his distressed and heart-broken mother intercedes with the swollen and important constable to use his interest for her unhappy son4 ,this application the mighty magistrate of the night answers by--,we that are in power must do justice6 ,a number of watchmen attend the examination1 and one of them holds up the sword and pistols which were found on the prisoner4 ,a young woman#afe bribes the swearing clerk to befriend the one-eyed wretch who has turned evidence against his accomplice1 by suffering him to take the usual oath with his left hand laid upon the book1 instead of his right4#aff ,this debased villain was first introduced to us gambling on a grave-stone2 his second appearance was in a night-cellar1 where he divided the evening's plunder with the man he now deliberately betrays6 ,the alderman's clerk is making out a warrant of commitment directed to the turnkey of ,newgate4 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,the ,,idle ',,prentice ,,executed ,,at ,,tyburn4 ,when fear cometh as desolation1 and their destruction cometh as a whirlwind3 when distress cometh upon them1 then they shall call upon ,god1 but ,he will not answer4--,,proverbs ,i4 #bg1 #bh4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,after a life of sloth1 wretchedness1 and vice1 the career of our degraded character terminates at ,tyburn4 ,his pale and ghastly look denotes the remorse and horror of his mind2 and it must embitter his last moments to hear a ,grub ,street orator proclaim his dying speech4 ,the ordinary of ,newgate leads the procession1 but the criminal's spiritual concerns are left to an enthusiastic follower of ,john ,wesley1 who zealously exhorts him to repentance4#afg ,on the right side of the print we see his afflicted mother3 her coming to view this dreadful spectacle does not seem consonant to strict propriety1 but there have been similar examples4 ,in a cart above her is a curious trio of females2 an old beldam1 who might have been ,sam4 ,foote's model for ,mother ,cole1 breathing out a pious ejaculation1 and swallowing a bumper of spirits at the same moment2 a young woman taking a glass from beneath1 and a third dissuading a fellow from ascending the vehicle4 ,while a vendor of gingerbread#afh expatiates on the excellence of his delicious cakes1 a minor pickpocket purloins his handkerchief4 ,a female grimalkin1 enraged at a man oversetting her orange-barrow1 is literally tearing his eyes out4 ,to show the reverence which an ,english mob have for anything that bears the appearance of religion1 and the effects which this exhibition has upon their minds1 an inmate of ,st4 ,giles' seizes a dog by the tail1 and is on the point of throwing it at the ,methodist parson4 ,a female pugilist1 near the centre of the print1 is so earnest in punishing a fellow who has offended her1 that she neglects her child1 which1 lying on the ground1 is probably destined to be crushed to death4 ,a tall butcher has suspended an old legal periwig on the end of his cudgel3 in this1 the artist might intend to display an emblem of the sanguinary complexion which marks our courts of justice4#afi ,the porter1 with his pipe2 a cripple2 the soldier sunk knee-deep in a bog1 and two boys laughing at him1 are well imagined4 ,among the figures in the background1 we must not overlook a gentleman emphatically called the ,finisher of the law1 who sedately smokes his best ,virginia upon the gallows4 ,a carrier pigeon is despatched at the time the criminal arrives at ,tyburn4#agj ,two initials on the coffin1 not having been reversed from the original drawing1 are wrong in the print2 ,i4 ,t4 instead of ,t4 ,i4 ,in the background we have a view of ,highgate and ,hampstead hills4 ,the arch look of a young pickpocket1 the savage ferocity of a woman tearing a fellow's face1 and the yell of another crying the dying speech1 are admirably expressed4 ,many of the smaller figures are full fraught with character2 for the grouping1 let us hear ,mr4 ,gilpin1 with whom ,i entirely agree3-- ,we seldom see a crowd more beautifully managed than in this print4 ,if the sheriff's officers had not been placed in a line1 and had been brought a little lower in the picture1 so as to have formed a pyramid with the cart1 the composition had been unexceptionable4--,gilpin's ,essay4 ,two skeletons hanging on the outside of the frame are emblematical2 the body of a murderer being usually consigned to ,surgeon's ,hall4#aga ,the trophies1 composed of fetters1 whips1 and halters1 with the swords1 maces1 gold chains1 etc41 with which the framework of the preceding prints are decorated1 must be admitted to be beneath the dignity of historical painting2 but considered as addressed to young persons1 and exhibiting a view of the different consequences of industry and sloth1 are strictly proper4 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,the ,,industrious ',,prentice ,,lord ,,mayor ,,of ,,london4 ,length of days is in her right hand1 and in her left hand riches and honour4--,,proverbs ,,iii4 #af4 ,illustration3 ,,industry ,,and ,,idleness1 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,in the last print we saw a crowd witnessing the ignominious death of a murderer2 in this are a cheerful assembly joining the procession of a chief magistrate2 some reeling1 some roaring1 and all rejoicing4#agb ,the scene is laid at the east side of ,st4 ,paul's ,church1 just turning into ,cheapside2 and in particular honour of this day1 the artist has introduced the late ,prince and ,princess of ,wales at a balcony1 in view of the pageant4 ,a group on the scaffolding beneath is formed of the most comic characters4 ,who can abstain from laughter at the city militia1 which are below8 ,they were at that time composed of undisciplined men1 of all ages and descriptions2 young1 old1 tall1 short1 crooked1 straight1 fat1 and lean1 made up the motley band4 ,the man in a grenadier's cap1 with a pot of porter in his left hand1 might perform the part of ,sir ,tunbelly ,clumsy4#agc ,a neighbouring gentleman1 in a cut wig1 is scarcely able to support his firelock4 ,the fellow firing off his musket exclaims1 ,who's afraid8 ,the next may be a very great man1 though nature has treated his exterior1 as she did that of our third ,richard1 rather unkindly1 by placing an envious mountain on his back4 ,the hero in a bag-wig1 resting upon his arms1 is made from a splinter of the monument2 his dimensions to any thick sight are invisible4 ,far different is the strong-built man of war at his left hand3 by his back front he seems to have grown out at the sides2 what nature denied in height1 she has abundantly made up in breadth4 ,his long sword is so placed as to give the idea of a bluebottle impaled on a pin4 ,a plank1 supported by a tub and stool1 having given way1 two of the fair sex fall to the ground4 ,the most obtrusive figure in his lordship's coach is ,mr4 ,swordbearer1 in a cap like a reversed saucepan1 which this great officer wears on these grand occasions4 ,the company of journeymen butchers1 with their marrow-bones and cleavers1 appear to be the most active1 and are infinitely the most noisy of any who grace this solemnity4 ,near the left corner1 a blind man1 conscious that he has but a poor chance in a crowd1 endeavours to preserve his hat and wig from the depredating multitude4 ,the ,bunhill ,fields trooper1 who leans against a post1 with one of his bandeliers in his left hand1 has made a little mistake4 ,a young man in the booth above1 not having the fear of dignity before his eyes1 is eagerly kissing a girl3 the lady1 irritated at this indecorum1 seems likely to leave marks of her talons upon his forehead4 ,at the opposite corner1 a vendor of the ,grub ,street classics proclaims a full1 true1 and particular account of the ghost of ,thomas ,idle1 which appeared to the ,lord ,mayor4 ,numberless spectators1 upon every house1 and at every window1 dart their desiring eyes on the procession4 ,of the figures on a tapestry1 hanging from a balcony#agd at the ,king's ,head1 ,i cannot discover the meaning4 ,two flags beneath are blazoned with the arms of the ,stationers' ,company2 and that in a stand which exhibits the ardent salutation before mentioned1 belongs to the pinners and needlers4 ,the cornucopi on the outside of the frame are symbolical of that abundance which fills the hands of the diligent4 ,many of the characters in this and the foregoing print bear a strong resemblance to some which ,mr4 ,hogarth etched about twenty years before for ,butler's ,hudibras4 ,the following year was published a pamphlet1 entitled1 ,the ,effects of ,industry and ,idleness1 illustrated in the life1 adventures1 and various fortunes of two fellow-'prentices of the city of ,london3 showing the different paths1 as well as rewards1 of virtue and vice1 etc4 ,printed for ,c4 ,corbet1 at ,addison's ,head1 ,fleet ,street4 ,in the chamber of ,london where the apprentices are bound1 these twelve prints very properly ornament the room4 ,the late ,mr4 ,james ,love1 comedian 7otherwise ,dance71 dramatized this eventful history1 and ,mr4 ,king performed the good apprentice4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,roast ,,beef ,,at ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,calais4 ,o the roast beef of ,old ,england1 etc4 ,illustration3 ,,roast ,,beef ,,at ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,calais4 ,the thought on which this whimsical and highly characteristic print is founded1 originated in ,calais1 to which place ,mr4 ,hogarth1 accompanied by some of his friends1 made an excursion in the year #agdg4 ,extreme partiality for his native country was the leading trait of his character2 he seems to have begun his three hours' voyage with a firm determination to be displeased at everything he saw out of ,old ,england4 ,for a meagre powdered figure1 hung with tatters1 -la-mode de ,paris1 to affect the airs of a coxcomb and the importance of a sovereign1 is ridiculous enough2 but if it makes a man happy1 why should he be laughed at8 ,it must blunt the edge of ridicule to see natural hilarity defy depression2 and a whole nation laugh1 sing1 and dance under burdens that would nearly break the firm-knit sinews of a ,briton4 ,such was the picture of ,france at that period1 but it was a picture which our ,english satirist could not contemplate with common patience4 ,the swarms of grotesque figures who paraded the streets excited his indignation1 and drew forth a torrent of coarse abusive ridicule not much to the honour of his liberality4 ,he compared them to ,callot's ,beggars1 ,lazarus on the painted cloth1 the ,prodigal ,son1 or any other object descriptive of extreme contempt4 ,against giving way to these effusions of national spleen in the open street he was frequently cautioned1 but advice had no effect2 he treated admonition with scorn1 and considered his monitor unworthy the name of ,englishman4 ,these satirical ebullitions were at length checked4 ,ignorant of the customs of ,france1 and considering the gate of ,calais merely as a piece of ancient architecture1 he began to make a sketch4 ,this was soon observed2 he was seized as a spy1 who intended to draw a plan of the fortification1 and escorted by a file of musqueteers to ,m4 la ,commandant4 ,his sketch-book was examined leaf by leaf1 and found to contain drawings that had not the most distant relation to tactics4 ,notwithstanding this favourable circumstance1 the ,governor with great politeness assured him1 that had not a treaty between the nations been actually signed1 he should have been under the disagreeable necessity of hanging him upon the ramparts3 as it was1 he must be permitted the privilege of providing him a few military attendants1 who should do themselves the honour of waiting upon him while he resided in the dominions of the ,grande ,monarque4 ,two sentinels were then ordered to escort him to his hotel1 from whence they conducted him to the vessel2 nor did they quit their prisoner until he was a league from shore1 when1 seizing him by the shoulders1 and spinning him round upon the deck1 they said he was now at liberty to pursue his voyage without further molestation4 ,so mortifying an adventure he did not like to hear recited1 but has in this print recorded the circumstance which led to it4 ,in one corner he has given a portrait of himself1 making the drawing2 and to show the moment of arrest1 the hand of a serjeant is upon his shoulder4 ,mr4 ,hogarth's friend ,forest soon afterwards wrote the following cantata1 which contains so whimsical a description of the principal figures1 that ,i make no apology for inserting it3-- ,,the ,,roast ,,beef ,,at ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,calais4 ,,recitative4 ',twas at the gate of ,calais1 ,hogarth tells1 ,where sad despair and famine always dwells2 ,a meagre ,frenchman1 ,madame ,grandsire's cook1 ,as home he steer'd1 his carcase that way took1 ,bending beneath the weight of fam'd sirloin1 ,on whom he often wished in vain to dine2 ,good ,father ,dominick by chance came by1 ,with rosy gills1 round paunch1 and greedy eye2 ,and when he first beheld the greasy load1 ,his benediction on it he bestow'd2 ,and while the solid fat his fingers press'd1 ,he lick'd his chops1 and thus the knight address'd3 ,,air4 ,o rare roast beef1 lov'd by all mankind1 ,was ,i but doom'd to have thee1 ,well dress'd1 and garnish'd to my mind1 ,and swimming in thy gravy2 ,not all thy country's force combined1 ,should from my fury save thee6 ,renown'd sirloin6 ofttimes decreed ,the theme of ,english ballad1 ,e'en kings on thee have deign'd to feed1 ,unknown to ,frenchman's palate2 ,then how much must thy taste exceed ,soup-meagre1 frogs1 and salad6 ,,recitative4 ,a half-starv'd soldier1 shirtless1 pale1 and lean1 ,who such a sight before had never seen1 ,like ,garrick's frighted ,hamlet gaping stood1 ,and gaz'd with wonder at the ,british food2 ,his morning mess forsook the friendly bowl1 ,and in small streams along the pavement stole2 ,he heav'd a sigh1 which gave his heart relief1 ,and thus in plaintive tones declar'd his grief3 ,,air4 ,ah1 sacre ,dieu6 vat do ,i see yonder1 ,dat look so tempting red and vite8 ,begar1 it is the roast beef from ,londre6 ,o grant to me one letel bite4 ,but to my guts if you give no heeding1 ,and cruel fate this boon denies1 ,in kind compassion to my pleading1 ,return1 and let me feast mine eyes4 ,,recitative4 ,his fellow guard1 of right ,hibernian clay1 ,whose brazen front his country did betray1 ,from ,tyburn's fatal tree had hither fled1 ,by honest means to get his daily bread3 ,soon as the well-known prospect he espy'd1 ,in blubb'ring accents dolefully he cried3 ,,air4 ,sweet beef that now causes my stomach to rise1 ,sweet beef that now causes my stomach to rise1 ,so taking thy sight is1 ,my joy1 that so light is1 ,to view thee1 by pailfuls runs out of my eyes4 ,while here ,i remain my life's not worth a farthing1 ,while here ,i remain my life's not worth a farthing1 ,ah6 hard-hearted ,lewy1 ,why did ,i come to ye8 ,the gallows1 more kind1 would have saved me from starving4 ,,recitative4 ,upon the ground hard by poor ,sawney sate1 ,who fed his nose and scratched his ruddy pate2 ,but when old ,england's bulwark he descried1 ,his dear lov'd mull1 alas6 was thrown aside4 ,with lift'd hands he blest his native place1 ,then scrubb'd himself1 and thus bewailed his case3 ,,air4 ,how hard1 ,o ,sawney1 is thy lot1 ,who was so blithe of late1 ,to see such meat as can't be got1 ,when hunger is so great4 ,o the beef1 the bonny bonny beef1 ,when roasted nice and brown1 ,i wish ,i had a slice of thee1 ,how sweet it would gang down6 ,ah1 ,charley6 had'st thou not been seen1 ,this ne'er had hapt to me2 ,i would the de'il had pick'd mine e'en ,ere ,i had gang'd with thee4 ,o the beef1 etc4 ,,recitative4 ,but see my muse to ,england takes her flight1 ,where health and plenty cheerfully unite2 ,where smiling ,freedom guards great ,george's throne 7,and chains1 and racks1 and tortures are not known71 ,whose fame superior bards have often wrote1 ,an ancient fable give me leave to quote3 ,,air4 ,as once on a time a young frog pert and vain1 ,beheld a large ox grazing over the plain1 ,he boasted his size he could quickly attain4 ,o the roast beef of ,old ,england1 ,and ,o the ,old ,english roast beef6 ,then eagerly stretching his weak little frame1 ,mamma1 who stood by like a knowing old dame1 ,cried1 ',son1 to attempt it you're greatly to blame4' ,o the roast beef1 etc4 ,but deaf to advice1 he for glory did thirst1 ,an effort he ventur'd more strong than the first1 ',till swelling and straining too hard1 made him burst4 ,o the roast beef1 etc4 ,then1 ,britons1 be valiant1 the moral is clear1 ,the ox is ,old ,england1 the frog is ,monsieur1 ,whose puffs and bravadoes we never need fear4 ,o the roast beef1 etc4 ,for while by our commerce and arts we are able ,to see the sirloin smoking hot on our table1 ,the ,french may e'en croak1 like the frog in the fable4 ,o the roast beef1 etc4 ,the ,french sentinel is so situated as to give some idea of a figure hanging in chains3 his ragged shirt is trimmed with a pair of paper ruffles1 on which is written ,grand ,monarch4 ,p4 ,the old woman1 and a fish which she is pointing at1 have a striking resemblance4 ,the abundance of parsnips and other vegetables indicate what are the leading articles in a ,lenten feast4 ,mr4 ,pine the painter sat for the friar1 and from thence acquired the title of ,father ,pine4 ,this distinction did not flatter him1 and he frequently requested that the countenance might be altered1 but the artist peremptorily refused4 ,part of the print was engraved by ,c4 ,mosley1 but the heads are evidently by ,hogarth4#age ,a copy has been repeatedly engraven as an head-piece to the cantata before mentioned3 the profile of the artist was traced for a watch-paper2 and a wooden representation of the starved soldier has frequently decorated advertisements for recruits1 where it is opposed to the figure of a well-fed gourmand1 characteristically christened a valiant ,british soldier4 ,the original picture is in the possession of ,lord ,charlemont4 ,soon after this painting was finished1 a nail was by some accident run through the cross at the top of the gate4 ,hogarth strove in vain to repair the blemish with paint of the same colour2 he therefore introduced a half-starved crow looking down on the beef1 and thus completely covered the defect4 ,illustration3 7end of chapter floral icon7 ,,the ,,country ,,inn ,,yard1 ,,or ,,the ,,stage-,,coach4 ,the poet's adage1 ',all the world's a stage1' ,has stood the test of each revolving age2 ,another simile perhaps will bear1 ',tis a ,stage-coach1 where all must pay the fare2 ,where each his entrance and his exit makes1 ,and o'er life's rugged road his journey takes4 ,some unprotected must their tour perform1 ',and bide the pelting of the pitiless storm3' ,while others1 free from elemental jars1 ,by fortune favour'd1 and propitious stars1 ,secure from storms1 enjoy their little hour1 ,despise the whirlwind1 and defy the shower4 ,such is our life1--in sunshine or in shade1 ,from evil shelter'd1 or by woe assay'd3 ,whether we sit1 like ,niobe1 all tears1 ,or calmly sink into the vale of years3 ,with houseless1 naked ,edgar1 sleep on straw1 ,or keep1 like ,csar1 subject worlds in awe1-- ,to the same port our devious journeys tend1 ,where airy hopes and sickening sorrows end2 ,sunk every eye1 and languid every breast1 ,each wearied pilgrim sighs1 and sinks to rest4--,e4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,country ,,inn ,,yard4 ,among the writers of ,english novels1 ,henry ,fielding holds the first rank4 ,he was the novelist of nature1 and has described some scenes which bear a strong resemblance to that which is here delineated4 ,the artist1 like the author1 has taken truth for his guide1 and given such characters as are familiar to all our minds4 ,the scene is a country inn yard1 at the time passengers are getting into a stage-coach1 and an election procession passing in the background4 ,nothing can be better described2 we become of the party4--,the vulgar roar of our landlady is no less apparent than the grave1 insinuating1 imposing countenance of mine host4 ,boniface solemnly protests that a bill he is presenting to an old gentleman in a laced hat is extremely moderate4 ,this does not satisfy the paymaster1 whose countenance shows that he considers it as a palpable fraud1 though the ,act against bribery1 which he carries in his pocket1 designates him to be of a profession not very liable to suffer imposition3 they are in general less sinned against than sinning4 ,an ancient lady getting into the coach is1 from her breadth1 a very inconvenient companion in such a vehicle2 but to atone for her rotundity1 an old maid of a spare appearance1 and in a most grotesque habit1 is advancing towards the steps4 ,a portly gentleman1 with a sword and cane in one hand1 is deaf to the entreaties of a poor little deformed postilion1 who solicits his customary fee4 ,the old woman smoking her short pipe in the basket1 pays very little attention to what is passing around her3 cheered by the fumes of her tube1 she lets the vanities of the world go their own way4 ,two passengers on the roof of the coach afford a good specimen of ,french and ,english manners4 ,ben ,block1 of the ,centurion1 surveys the subject of ,la ,grande ,monarque with ineffable contempt4 ,in the window are a very curious pair3 one of them blowing a ,french horn1 and the other endeavouring1 but without effect1 to smoke away a little sickness1 which he feels from the fumes of his last night's punch4 ,beneath them is a traveller taking a tender farewell of the chambermaid1 who is not to be moved by the clangour of the great bar-bell1 or the more thundering sound of her mistress's voice4 ,the background is crowded with a procession of active citizens2 they have chaired a figure with a horn-book1 a bib1 and a rattle1 intended to represent ,child1 ,lord ,castlemain1 afterwards ,lord ,tylney1 who1 in a violent contest for the county of ,essex1 opposed ,sir ,robert ,abdy and ,mr4 ,bramston4 ,the horn-book1 bib1 and rattle are evidently displayed as punningly allusive to his name4#agf ,under the sign of an angel1 who seems dancing a minuet on a cloud1 is inscribed1 ,the ,old ,angle ,in ,toms ,bates from ,london4 ,some pains have been taken to discover in what part of ,essex this scene is laid2 but from the many alterations made by rebuilding1 removal1 etc41 it has not been positively ascertained1 though it is probably ,chelmsford4 ,,end ,,of ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,two of the prints must be excepted3 ,time smoking a ,picture1 and ,the ,bathos1 are addressed to the connoisseurs4 #b ,mr4 ,walker1 who has so eminently distinguished himself by his lectures on natural philosophy1 has described the effect resulting from one of this rude bard's productions3-- ,to ,mr4 ,nichols4 ,i must leave you to the annals of fame for the rest of the anecdotes of this great genius1 and shall endeavour to show you that his family possessed similar talents2 but they were destined1 like the wild rose1 ',to waste their sweetness in the desert air4' ,happy should ,i be to rescue from oblivion the name of auld ,hogarth1 whose songs and quibbles have so often delighted my childhood6 ,these simple strains of this mountain ,theocritus were fabricated while he held the plough1 or was leading his fuel from the hills4 ,he was as critical an observer of nature as his nephew1 for the narrow field he had to view her in3 not an incident or an absurdity in the neighbourhood escaped him4 ,if any one was hardy enough to break through any decorum of old and established repute2 if any one attempted to overreach his neighbour1 or cast a leering eye at his wife1 he was sure to hear himself sung over the whole parish1 nay1 to the very boundaries of the ,westmoreland dialect6 so that his songs were said to have a greater effect on the manners of his neighbourhood1 than even the sermons of the parson himself4 ,but his poetical talents were not confined to the incidents of his village2 ,i myself have had the honour to bear a part in one of his plays 7,i say one1 for there are several of them extant in ,,ms4 in the mountains of ,westmoreland to this hour74 ,the play was called ,the ,destruction of ,troy2 it was written in metre1 much in the manner of ,lopez de ,vega1 or the ancient ,french drama4 ,the unities were not too strictly observed1 for the siege of ten years was all represented3 every hero was in the piece1 so that the dramatis person consisted of every lad of genius in the whole parish4 ,the wooden horse2--,hector dragged by the heels2--the fury of ,diomede2--the flight of neas2--and the burning of the city1 were all represented4 ,i remember not what fairies had to do in all this2 but as ,i happened to be about three feet high at the time of this still talked of exhibition1 ,i personated one of these tiny beings4 ,the stage was a fabrication of boards1 placed about six feet high1 on strong posts2 the green-room was partitioned off with the same materials2 its ceiling was the azure canopy of heaven2 and the boxes1 pit1 and galleries1 were laid into one by the great ,author of nature1 for they were the green slope of a fine hill4 ,despise not1 reader1 this humble state of the provincial drama3 let me tell you1 there were more spectators1 for three days together1 than your three theatres in ,london would hold2 and let me add1 still more to your confusion1 that you never saw an audience half so well pleased4 ,the exhibition was begun with a grand procession from the village1 to a great stone 7dropped by the ,devil1 about a quarter of a mile off1 when he tried in vain to erect a bridge across ,windermere2 so the people1 unlike the rest of the world1 have remained a good sort of people ever since71--,i say1 the procession was begun by the minstrels of five parishes1 and followed by a yeoman on bull-back4 ,you stare--stop then1 till ,i inform you that this adept had so far civilised his bull1 that he would suffer the yeoman to mount his back1 and even to play upon the fiddle there4 ,the managers besought him to join the procession2 but the bull not being accustomed to much company1 and particularly to so much applause1--whether he was intoxicated with praise1 thought himself affronted and made game of1 or whether a favourite cow came across his imagination1 certain it was that he broke out of the procession1 erected his tail1 and1 like another ,europa1 carried off the affrighted yeoman and his fiddle over hedge and ditch1 till he arrived at his own field4 ,this accident rather inflamed than depressed the good humour arising from the procession2 and the clown1 or ,jack ,pudding of the piece1 availed himself so well of the incident1 that the lungs and ribs of the spectators were in manifest danger4 ,this character was the most important personage in the whole play2 for his office was to turn the most serious parts of the drama into burlesque and ridicule2 he was a compound of ,harlequin and the ,merry-,andrew1 or rather the arch-fool of the ancient kings4 ,his dress was a white jacket covered with bulls1 bears1 birds1 fish1 etc41 cut in various-coloured cloth2 his trousers were decorated in like manner1 and hung round with small bells2 and his cap was that of folly1 decorated with bells1 and an otter's brush impending4 ,the lath sword must be of great antiquity in this island1 for it hath been the appendage of a ,jack ,pudding in the mountains of ,westmoreland time out of mind4 ,the play was opened by this character1 with a song1 which answered the double purpose of a play-bill and a prologue1 for his duty gave the audience a foretaste of the rueful incidents they were about to behold2 and it called out the actors one by one to make the spectators acquainted with their names and characters1 walking round and round1 till the whole dramatis person made one great circle on the stage4 ,the audience being thus become acquainted with the actors1 the play opened with ,paris running away with ,helen1 and ,menelaus scampering after them4 ,then followed the death of ,patroclus1 the rage of ,achilles1 the persuasions of ,ulysses1 etc4 etc41 and the whole was interlarded with apt songs1 both serious and comic1 all the production of auld ,hogarth4 ,the bard1 however1 at this time had been dead some years1 and ,i believe this fte was a jubilee to his memory3 but let it not detract from the memory of ,mr4 ,garrick to say1 that his at ,stratford was but a copy of one forty years ago on the banks of ,windermere4 ,was it any improvement1 think you1 to introduce several bulls into the procession instead of one8--,but ,i love not comparisons1 and so conclude4--,yours1 etc41 ,,adam ,,walker4 #c ,it was written for the information of ,marshal ,belisle1 then a prisoner in ,windsor ,castle4 #d ,in ,mr4 ,walpole's ,anecdotes of ,painting1 vol4 iv4 p4 #afa1 we are told that his apprenticeship was no sooner expired1 than he entered into the academy in ,st4 ,martin's ,lane1 and studied drawing from the life4 ,in this circumstance1 which is in itself trifling1 ,i think the ,right ,honourable author has not displayed his usual accuracy4 ,hogarth was emancipated from his ,cranbourn ,alley confinement about the year #agah1 at which time1 ,i believe1 there was not an academy either in that or any other part of ,london4 ,the first for the use of students in drawing was opened in #agbd1 by ,sir ,james ,thornhill1 at his house in ,covent ,garden4 ,on his death1 which was in ,may #agcd1 the casts1 models1 benches1 etc41 were sent to ,mr4 ,hogarth 7who had four years before married ,miss ,thornhill72 by him they were afterwards lent to an academy established at what had previously been ,roubiliac's workshop1 in ,st4 ,martin's ,lane4 #e ,this gentleman was also a patron to the late ,mr4 ,major the engraver1 who told me that when very young1 and on the point of going to ,paris for improvement in his profession1 he took two plates of small landscapes1 which he had just finished1 to ,mr4 ,bowles1 who expressed himself much pleased with the performance of them1 and generously proffered him two pieces of plain copper1 of the same size and weight1--by practising on which1 he might still further improve himself4 ,when ,i add1 that one of the engravings delivered to this patron was that very pretty little landscape inscribed ,,evening1 it is scarcely necessary to say--the offer was rejected4 #f ,on a piece of newspaper1 dated #aghf1 and pasted in one of ,dr4 ,lort's books1 was the following remark3-- ,the ,hogarth mania is as strong as ever4 ,on ,thursday the #fth of ,april1--it should have been the first1--the ,roman ,military ,punishments1 a paltry work for which no bookseller seven years ago would have offered more than a few shillings1 was sold at ,greenwood's for six pounds1 on account of some trifling plates in it by ,hogarth4 ,in the sale of ,doctor ,lort's library at ,leigh and ,sotheby's1 in #agij1 a copy of ,bever's book produced a still larger sum4 #g ,in this improved era we have seen examples of striking portraits which every year assume a new title4 ,a head of ,dr4 ,franklin was lately transferred from the book for which it was engraven to the memoirs of a man executed for forgery1 whose name it now bears2 another age may see the same print honoured with the name of some eminent pugilist1 who at the close of the eighteenth century wore the collar of his order6 ,such are the transmigrations of the arts1--or1 if it better please the reader1 the arts of transmigration4 ,among the ,paternoster ,row classics1 there is no other distinction between a bruiser1 a felon1 or a philosopher1 than arises from the sale of their memoirs4 #h ,on the print of ,hudibras and the ,lawyer is ,william ,hogart delin4 et sculp'4 ,this ,mr4 ,nichols considers as a proof that ,hogarth had not yet disused the original mode in which he spelt his name4 ,from his shop-bill1 and every preceding print1 ,i am inclined to think he never had more than one mode of spelling his name4 ,the concluding h being in this instance omitted1 might arise from carelessness1 or a failure of the aquafortis4 ,his father's ,latin letter1 dated #afig1 proves that he inserted the final h1 and ,i can discover no reason why his son should discard it4 #i ,for this1 and some other assistance1 ,mr4 ,tyers presented ,hogarth with a gold ticket of admission for himself and friends4 ,on the face1 two figures1 one nearly naked1 the other armed with a helmet and shield1 are represented on the point of joining hands3--motto round them1 ,,virtus ,,voluptas2 and at the lower part1 ,,felices ,,una4 ,on the reverse1 ,,hogarth----,,in ,,perpetuam ,,beneficii ,,memoriam4 ,this ticket is now in the possession of ,mrs4 ,lewis1 of ,chiswick4 #aj ,it seems probable that ,sir ,james was very soon reconciled1 for we find in the ,craftsman of ,march #aj1 #agcb-c1 that when ,hogarth painted the portrait of ,sarah ,malcolm1 ,sir ,james ,thornhill was present4 #aa ,the sum and purchasers of each are noticed in the account of the engravings4 #ab ,among the papers of a lately deceased ,virtuosi1 ,i met with a few ,,ms4 sheets1 entitled ,hints for a ,history of the ,arts in ,great ,britain1 from the ,accession of the ,third ,george4 ,the following extract proves that painting pictures1 called after the ancient masters1 was not confined to ,italy3 we had in ,england some industrious and laborious artists who1 like the unfortunate ,chatterton1 gave the honours of their best performances to others4 ,the narrative has no date1 but some allusions to a late sovereign determine it was a short time before we discovered that there were in our own poets subjects as worthy of the pencil as any found in the idle tales of antiquity1 or the still more idle legends of popery3-- ,the late edict of the ,emperor1 for selling the pictures of which he has despoiled the convents1 will be a very fortunate circumstance for many of the artists of this country1 whose sole employment is painting old pictures2 and this will be a glorious opportunity for introducing modern antiques into the cabinets of the curious4 ,a most indefatigable dealer1 apprehensive that there might be a difficulty1 and enormous expense in procuring from abroad a sufficient quantity to gratify the eagerness of the ,english connoisseurs1 has taken the more economical method of having a number painted here4 ,the bill of one of his workmen1 which came into my hands by an accident1 ,i think worth preservation1 and have taken a copy for the information of future ages4 ,every picture is at present most sacredly preserved from the public eye1 but in the course of a few months will be smoked into antiquity1 and may probably be announced in manner and form following3-- ,,to ,,the ,,lovers ,,of ,,virtu4 ,mr4 ---- has the heartfelt pleasure of congratulating the amateurs of the fine arts upon such an opportunity of enriching their collections1 as no period from the days of the divine ,apelles to the present irradiated era ever produced2 nor is it probable that there ever will be in any future age so splendid1 superb1 brilliant1 and matchless an assemblage of unrivalled pictures as he begs leave to announce to the connoisseurs are now exhibiting at his great room in ----1 being the principal part of that magnificent bouquet which have been accumulating for so many ages1 been preserved with religious care1 and contemplated with pious awe1 while they had an holy refuge in the peaceful gloom of the convents of ,germany4 ,by the edict of the ,emperor they are banished from these consecrated walls1 and are now emerged from obscurity with undiminished lustre6 with all their native charms1 mellowed by the tender1 softening pencil of time1 and introduced to this emporium of taste6 this favourite seat of the arts6 this exhibition-room of the universe2 and when seen1 must produce the most pleasing and delightful sensations4 ,when it is added1 that they were selected by that most judicious and quick-sighted collector1 ,monsieur ,d41 it will be unnecessary to say more2 for his penetrating eye and unerring judgment1 his boundless liberality and unremitting industry1 have ensured him the protection of a generous public1 ever ready to patronize exertions made solely for their gratification6 ,n4,b4--,descriptive catalogues1 with the names of the immortal artists1 may be had as above4 ,,the ,,bill4 ,monsieur ,,varnish to ,,benjamin ,,bister1 debtor4 s4 d4 ,to painting the ,woman caught in ,adultery1 upon a green ground1 by ,hans ,holbein #c #c #j ,to ,solomon's ,wise ,judgment1 on pannel1 by ,michael ,angelo ,buonorati #b #ab #f ,to painting and canvas1 for a naked ,mary ,magdalen1 in the undoubted style of ,paul ,veronese #b #b #j ,to brimstone1 for smoking ditto #j #b #f ,paid ,mrs4 ,w---- for a live model to sit for ,diana bathing1 by ,tintoretto #j #af #h ,paid for the hire of a layman1 to copy the robes of a ,cardinal1 for a ,vandyke #j #e #j ,portrait of a ,nun doing ,penance1 by ,albrecht ,durer #b #b #j ,paid the female figure for sitting thirty minutes in a wet sheet1 that ,i might give the dry manner of that master#ac #j #aj #f ,the ,tribute-money ,rendered1 with all the exactness of ,quintin ,metsius1 the famed blacksmith of ,antwerp #b #ab #f ,to ,ruth at the feet of ,boaz1 upon an oak board1 by ,titiano #c #c #j ,st4 ,anthony ,preaching to the ,fishes1 by ,salvator ,rosa #c #aj #j ,the ,martyrdom of ,st4 ,winifred1 with a view of ,holywell bath1 by old ,frank #a #aa #f ,to a large allegorical altar-piece1 consisting of men and angels1 horses and river gods2 'tis thought most happily hit off for a ,rubens #e #e #j ,to ,susannah ,bathing2 the two ,elders in the background1 by ,castiglione #b #b #j ,to the ,devil and ,st4 ,dunstan1 highly finished1 by ,teniers #b #b #j ,to the ,queen of ,sheba falling down before ,solomon1 by ,morillio #b #ab #f ,to a ,judith in the ,tent of ,holofernes1 by ,le ,brun #a #af #j ,to a ,sisera in the ,tent of ,jael1 its companion1 by the same #a #af #j ,paid for admission into the ,house of ,peers1 to take a sketch of a great character1 for a picture of ,moses breaking the ,tables of the ,law1 in the darkest manner of ,rembrandt1 not yet finished #j #b #f #ac ,some of the ancient masters acquired a dry manner of painting from studying after wet drapery4--,webb on ,painting4 #ad ,the annexed letter1 which was published about this time1 ,i have been informed was written by ,hogarth2 add to this authority1 of which ,i have no doubt1 ,i think it carries internal evidence of his mind4 ,it is printed in the ,london ,magazine for #agcg1 and thus prefaced3 ,the following piece1 published in the ,st4 ,james's ,evening ,post of ,june #gth1 is by the first painter in ,england1 perhaps in the world1 in his way3 ,every good-natured man and well-wisher to the ,arts in ,england1 must feel a kind of resentment at a very indecent paragraph1 in the ,daily ,post of ,thursday last1 relating to the death of ,m4 de ,morine1 first painter to the ,french king1 in which very unjust as well as cruel reflections are cast on the noblest performance 7in its way7 that ,england has to boast of1--,i mean the work of the late ,sir ,james ,thornhill1 in ,greenwich ,hall4 ,it has ever been the business of narrow1 little geniuses1 who by a tedious application to minute parts have 7as they fancy7 attained to a great insight into the correct drawing of a figure1 and have acquired just knowledge enough in the art to tell accurately when a toe is too short or a finger too thick1 to endeavour1 by detracting from the merits of great men1 to build themselves a kind of reputation4 ,these peddling demi-critics1 on the painful discovery of some little inaccuracy 7which proceeds mostly from the freedom of the pencil71 without any regard to the more noble parts of a performance 7which they are totally ignorant of71 with great satisfaction condemn the whole as a bad and incorrect piece4 ',the meanest artist in the ,emelian square1 ,can imitate in brass the nails or hair2 ,expert at trifles1 and a cunning fool1 ,able to express the parts1 but not the whole4' ,there is another set of gentry1 more noxious to the art than these1 and those are your picture-jobbers from abroad1 who are always ready to raise a great cry in the prints1 whenever they think their craft is in danger2 and indeed it is their interest to depreciate every ,english work as hurtful to their trade of continually importing ship-loads of ,dead ,christs1 ,holy ,families1 ,madonnas1 and other dismal dark subjects1 neither entertaining nor ornamental1 on which they scrawl the terrible cramp names of some ,italian masters1 and fix on us poor ,englishmen the character of universal dupes4 ,if a man1 naturally a judge of painting1 not bigoted to those empirics1 should cast his eye on one of their sham virtuoso pieces1 he would be very apt to say3 ,mr4 ,bubbleman1 that grand ,venus1 as you are pleased to call it1 has not beauty enough for the character of an ,english cook-maid4 ,upon which the quack answers1 with a confident air3 ',sir1 ,i find that you are no connoisseur2 the picture1 ,i assure you1 is in ,alesso ,baldminetto's second and best manner1 boldly painted1 and truly sublime3 the contour gracious3 the air of the head in the high ,greek taste2 and a most divine idea it is4--,then spitting in an obscure place1 and rubbing it with a dirty handkerchief1 takes a skip to t'other end of the room1 and screams out in raptures1 ',there's an amazing touch6 ,a man should have this picture a twelvemonth in his collection before he can discover half its beauties6' ,the gentleman 7though naturally a judge of what is beautiful1 yet ashamed to be out of the fashion1 by judging for himself7 with this cant is struck dumb2 gives a vast sum for the picture1 very modestly confesses he is indeed quite ignorant of painting1 and bestows a frame worth fifty pounds on a frightful thing1 which1 without the hard name1 is not worth so many farthings4 ,such impudence as is now continually practised in the picture trade must meet with its proper treatment1 would gentlemen but venture to see with their own eyes4 ,let but the comparison of pictures with nature be their only guide1 and let them judge as freely of painting as they do of poetry1 they would then take it for granted1 that when a piece gives pleasure to none but these connoisseurs1 or their adherents1 if the purchase be a thousand pounds1 'tis nine hundred and ninety-nine too dear2 and were all our grand collections stripped of such sort of trumpery1 then1 and not till then1 it would be worth an ,englishman's while to try the strength of his genius to supply their place1 which now it were next to madness to attempt1 since there is nothing that has not travelled a thousand miles1 or has not been done a hundred years1 but is looked upon as mean and ungenteel furniture4 ,what ,mr4 ,pope in his last work says of poems1 may with much more propriety be applied to pictures3 ',authors1 like coins1 grow dear as they grow old2 ,it is the rust we value1 not the gold4' ,sir ,james ,thornhill1 in a too modest compliance with the connoisseurs of his time1 called in the assistance of ,mr4 ,andre1 a foreigner1 famous for the fulness of his outline1 to paint the ,royal ,family at the upper end of ,greenwich ,hall1 to the beauties or faults of which ,i have nothing to say2 but with regard to the ceiling1 which is entirely of his own hand1 ,i am certain all unprejudiced persons1 with 7or without7 much insight into the mechanic parts of painting1 are at the first view struck with the most agreeable harmony and play of colours that ever delighted the eye of a spectator4 ,the composition is altogether extremely grand1 the groups finely disposed1 the light and shade so contrived as to throw the eye with pleasure on the principal figures1 which are drawn with great fire and judgment2 the colouring of the flesh delicious1 the drapery great and well folded2 and upon examination1 the allegory is found clear1 well invented1 and full of learning3 in short1 all that is necessary to constitute a complete ceiling-piece is apparent in that magnificent work4 ,thus much is in justice to that great ,english artist4 ,,britophil4 ,n4,b4--,if the reputation of this work were destroyed1 it would put a stop to the receipt of daily sums of money from spectators1 which is applied to the use of sixty charity children4 #ae ,the book alluded to is1 ,a ,tracte containing the ,artes of curious ,paintinge1 ,carvinge1 and ,buildinge1 written first in ,italian by ,jo4 ,paul ,lomatius1 ,painter of ,milan1 and ,englished by ,r4 ,h4 7,richard ,haydocke71 ,student in ,physick4 ,published #aeih4 ,from this visionary writer he could not borrow much1 great part of his book treating of the different important consequences which had resulted from the study of the proportions of the human body4 ,it is dedicated to the ,right ,worshipful ,thomas ,bodley1 ,esquire1 warmly recommended by ,john ,case1 doctor of physic2 and in the following quaint lines1 the translator apologizeth for thus employing himself3-- ,,to ,,the ,,ingenious ,,reader4 ,r4 ,h4 ,how hard a matter it is to withstand any natural instinct1 and habitual inclination whatsoever1 the storie of the ,syracusane ,archimedes 7besides divers others to this purpose7 may sufficiently persuade2 who was so rapt with the sweetness of his mathematical conclusions1 that even then when the enemie had entered the gates of the citie he was found drawing of lines upon the sand1 when perchance it had bin fitter for a philosopher to have bin advising in the counsell-house4 ,not much unlike to whome ,i may peradventure seeme1 who at this time especially1 when the unappeasable enimies of health1 sicknesse1 and mortality have so mightily prevailed against us1 am here found drawing of lines and lineaments1 portraitures1 and proportions1 when 7in regard of my place and profession7 it might much better have beseemed mee to have bin found in the colledge of physicians1 learning and counselling such remedies as might make for the common health2 or if ,i must needes be doing about lines1 to have commented upon this proposition1 mors ultima linea rerum4 ,howbeit1 as ,i find not him much taxed in the storie for this his diligent carelessness1 because he was busied about matters which were not onlie an ornament of peace1 but also of good use in warre1 so my hope is 7ingenious reader71 that my sedulous trifling shall meete with thy friendliest interpretation2 insomuch as the arte ,i now deale in shall be proved not onlie a grace to health1 but also a contentment and recreation unto sickeness1 and a kind of preservative against death and mortality2 by a perpetual preserving of their shades1 whose substances physicke could not prolong1 no1 not for a season1 etc4 etc4 ,in his treatise of colours1 he makes the following addresse to his faire countrie wommen3-- ,having intreated of so many and divers thinges1 ,i could not but say something of such matters as woemen use ordinarilly in beautifying and imbelishing their faces2 a thing well worth the knowledge1 insomuch as many women are so possessed with a desire of helping their complexions by some artificial meanes1 that they will by no meanes be diswaded from the same4 ,he then enumerates ceruse1 plume alume1 juice of lemons1 oil of tartarie1 camphire1 and sundry other cosmetics of the day1 all which he takes many pages to prove are enemies to health1 and hurtful to the complexion1 and thus adviseth3 ,wherefore if there bee no remedie1 but women will be meddling with this arte of pollishing1 let them1 instead of those mineral stuffes1 use the remedies following4 ,of such helpes of ,beauty as may safely be used without danger4 ,there is nothing in the world which doth more beautifie and adorne a woman than chearfulness1 contentment1 and good temper4 ,for it is not the red and white which giveth the gracious perfection of beauty1 but certaine sparkling notes and touches of amiable chearfulness accompanying the same4 ,the truth whereof may appear in a discontented woman1 otherwise exceeding faire1 who atte that instant will seem yll favoured and unloovely2 as contrariwise1 an hard-favoured and browne woman1 being merry1 pleasaunte1 and jocund1 will seem sufficient beautiful4 #af ,of this figure he thus writes in his chapter on ,compositions with the ,serpentine ,line3-- ,we have had recourse to the works of the ancients1 not because the moderns have not produced some as excellent1 but because the works of the former are more generally known2 nor would we have it thought that either of them has ever yet come up to the utmost beauty of nature4 ,who but a bigot to the antiques will say1 that he has not seen faces and necks1 hands and arms1 in living women1 that even the ,grecian ,venus doth but coarsely imitate8 #ag ,hogarth might possibly have some oblique allusion to the manner in which ,csar suffered in the capitol of an ,english theatre4--,they might as well have hanged him2 or1 the actor deserved hanging for so personating the character1--which the reader likes best4 ,in an early impression of the print ,i have seen written 7,i believe by ,hogarth7 on the pedestal upon which this figure is placed1 ,,tu ,,brute4 ,that he greatly disliked ,quin1 is evident from the following epigram1 with the injustice or justice of which ,i have nothing to do1 but to the painter it is attributed3-- ,your servant1 ,sir1 says surly ,quin4-- ,sir1 ,i am yours1 replies ,macklin4-- ,why1 you're the very ,jew you play1 ,your face performs the task well4-- ,and you are ,sir ,john ,brute1 they say1 ,and an accomplished ,maskwell4 ,says ,rich1 who heard the sneering elves1 ,and knew their horrid hearts1 ,acting too much your very selves1 ,you overdo your parts4 #ah ,in the ,analysis1 he asserts that a completely new and harmonious order of architecture might be produced by making choice of variety of lines1 and then again1 by varying their situations with each other2 in a word1 that the art of composing well is the art of varying well4 ,in the frontispiece to ,brook ,taylor's perspective1 he has given an example1 by a broken sceptre1 somewhat resembling the ,roman fasces1 and girt round with the ,prince of ,wales' coronet1 as an astragal1 through which the fasces rise1 and swell into a crown adorned with embroidered stars4 #ai ,mr4 ,shee1 in his ,rhymes on ,art1 has very happily introduced a similar character1 accompanied by congenial connoisseurs3-- ,no awkward heir that o'er ,campania's plain1 ,has scamper'd like a monkey in his chain2 ,no ambush'd ass1 that1 hid in learning's maze1 ,kicks at desert1 and crops wit's budding bays2 ,no baby grown1 that still his coral keeps1 ,and sucks the thumb of science till he sleeps2 ,no mawkish son of sentiment who strains ,soft sonnet drops from barley-water brains2 ,no pointer of a paragraph1 no peer1 ,that hangs a picture-pander at his ear2 ,no smatterer of the ciceroni crew1 ,no pauper of the parish of ,virt2 ,but starts an ,aristarchus on the town1 ,to hunt full cry dejected merit down2 ,with sapient shrug assumes the critic's part1 ,and loud deplores the sad decline in art4 #bj ,the dancing-room is also ornamented purposely with such statues and pictures as may serve to a further illustration4 ,henry ,,viii41 ,number #gb1 makes a perfect ,x with his legs and arms2 and the position of ,charles ,i41 ,number #ea1 is composed of less varied lines than the statue of ,edward ,,vi41 ,number #gc1 and the medal over his head is in the like kind of lines2 but that over ,queen ,elizabeth1 as well as her figure1 is in the contrary2 so are also the two other wooden figures at the end4 ,likewise the comical posture of astonishment 7expressed by following the direction of one plain curve7 as the dotted line in a ,french print of ,sancho 7where ,don ,quixote demolishes the puppet show72 ,number #ge is a good contrast to the effect of the serpentine lines1 in the fine turn of the ,samaritan woman2 ,number #gd1 taken from one of the best pictures ,annibal ,carrache ever painted4--,hogarth's ,analysis1 p4 #acg4 #ba ,a newspaper of #agha has the following advertisement3-- ,,minuet ,,de ,,la ,,cour1 ,,devonshire1 ,,le ,,roi1 ,,statute1 ,,surprise4 ,a gentleman of merit1 well educated and properly qualified by seven of the best masters that ever trod on ,english ground1 teaches the above minuets to noblemen and real ladies only1 for the sum of five guineas1 paid down1 with all the excelled graces of the head1 body1 arms1 wrists1 hands1 fingers1 toes1 sinks1 risings1 bounds1 rebounds1 twirls1 twists1 fourfold mercuries1 coupees1 borees1 flourishes1 demi-corpus1 curtseys -la-mode1 hat on1 off1 giving hands and feet1 in an advanced octagon adorned style1 and divided into one1 two1 three1 or four steps exact to time or bars2 introducing at the same moment the -la-mode form1 ,chassa's springs1 five and nine orders of the graces1 and annexed with the rigadoon1 ,louvre1 cotillion1 and ancient and modern hornpipe steps and elegant country-dance positions4--,the said gentleman is no common dancing-master1 has some character to lose2 therefore ladies of a common capacity may soon attain to dance equal to the best ,french or ,italian dancer in this kingdom1 only for five guineas1 on applying to ,number #gi in the ,haymarket1 between ten and eleven in the morning1 and four and six in the afternoon1 and they will be seen by the aforesaid gentleman himself4 ,in his ,analysis1 ,mr4 ,hogarth thus writeth3-- ,the minuet is allowed by dancing-masters themselves to be the perfection of all dancing4 ,i once heard an eminent dancing-master say1 that the minuet had been the study of his whole life1 and that he had been indefatigable in the pursuit of its beauties1 yet at last could only say with ,socrates1 he knew nothing2 adding1 that ,i was happy in my profession as a painter1 in that some bounds might be set to the study of it4 #bb ,mr4 ,wilkes informs us that this subject was not thought of until after the publication of ,marriage la ,mode4 ,in ,,chronology1 the ,chamberlain is not so accurate as ,doctor ,trusler6 #bc ,mr4 ,townley1 under the signature of a connoisseur1 wrote the following lines to ,mr4 ,hogarth on his ,analysis of ,beauty3-- ,how could you dare1 advent'rous man1 ,to execute so bold a plan1 ,or such unheard of truths advance8 ,at once so rashly to oppose ,those fierce1 outrageous1 hardy foes1 ,fraud1 ,prejudice1 and ,ignorance6 ,to their despotic1 cruel sway1 ,fair ,science long has been a prey1 ,all modern art they trampled down2 ,the rising genius they deprest1 ,the ,british taste they turned to jest1 ,and damn'd at once--because our own4 ,the slavish principle ,i caught1 ,the southern land of merit sought1 ,and learn'd to think1 to see1 to say ,eager ,i ran through every town1 ,penn'd every observation down1 ,and gather'd judgment by the way4 ,on foreign tales and terms of art1 ,on scraps of ,french1 got well by heart1 ,and learned guides1 was my reliance2 ,with light and shade my head ,i fill1 ,the style of schools was all my skill4 ,the painter's name was all my science4 ,thus deeply tutor'd1 ,i return'd1 ,and o'er my tasteless country mourn'd2 ,i pitied first1 then laugh'd and sneer'd2 ,then curs'd the crude unfinish'd tints1 ,the statues1 busto's1 vases1 prints1 ,when lo6 th' ,,analysis appear'd4 ,i smil'd and read2 grew grave--read on2 ,was pleas'd2 the truths apparent shone2 ,nor could my prejudice resist 'em4 ,the ,line of ,beauty ,i survey'd1 ,the arguments ,i fairly weigh'd1 ,and then acknowledg'd all your system4 ,with reverence1 and respect1 like you1 ,the ancient works of art ,i view2 ,but1 like you1 see with my own eyes2 ,abhor the tricks so grossly play'd1 ,lament the science sunk to trade1 ,and dealers from my soul despise4 ,pursue1 unrivall'd yet1 that art1 ,which bounteous nature did impart 7,ne'er to be so profuse again73 ,our sons1 in time to come1 shall strive ,where the chief honour they shall give1 ,or to your pencil or your pen4 ,hogarth had previously presented this gentleman with a volume of his prints1 in return for which he received the following very flattering testimony to his talents3-- ,,trinity ,,lane1 ,feb4 #bh1 #agej4 ,,dear ,,sir1--,having been confined to my house by a violent cold1 ,i have had many hours for contemplation1 which at such a time generally turns on my friends1 among whom you have been so good to let me call you one4 ,your late kind intention came into my mind1 and gave me an uncommon degree of satisfaction2 not on my own account only1 but with respect to my family4 ,your works ,i shall treasure up as a family book1 or rather as one of the classics1 from which ,i shall regularly instruct my children1 just in the same manner as ,i should out of ,homer or ,virgil4 ,you will be read in your course1--and it will be no unusual thing to find me in a morning in my great chair1 with my three bigger boys about me1 construing the sixth chapter of the ,harlot's ,progress1 or comparing the two characters in the first book of the ',prentices4 ,you are one of the first great men ,i ever was acquainted with1 and the first great man ,i desire to be acquainted with1 because you have neither insolence nor vanity4 ,your character has been sketched in different pieces1 by different authors1 and great encomiums bestowed on you here and there in ,english1 ,french1 ,latin1 and ,greek3 but ,i want to see a full portrait of you4 ,i wish ,i were as intimate with you1 and as well qualified for the purpose1 as your friend ,fielding1--,i would undertake it4 ,i have made an humble attempt here towards something1 but ,i am afraid it has more of a death's head than the face of a man4--,you won't be dispirited because my character of you is in the form of an epitaph1 for you will observe at the bottom that ,i have given you a great length of days4 ,in the corner1 near ,shakspeare1 in ,westminster ,abbey1 on a monument1 elegant only by neatness and symmetry1 the next generation may see something like the enclosed inscription1 the freedom of which you will excuse1 and consider it as coming from a man confined to his room1 but from one who is ever1 dear sir1 your constant admirer1 and most obliged servant1 ,,james ,,townley4 ,to ,mr4 ,hogarth in ,leicester ,fields4 ,,ad ,,gulielmum ,,hogarth1 ,,dum ,,tu ,,quid ,,pulchrum1 ,,quid ,,turpe1 ,,volumine ,,dicis1 ,,natur,,que ,,doces ,,quid ,,sjt1 ,,et ,,artis ,,opus1 ,,atque ,,animo ,,causas1 ,,oculo ,,tabulasque ,,dedisti1 ,,pictoris ,,primi ,,nomen ,,utrinque ,,peres4 #bd ,the work was translated into ,german1 under the author's inspection1 by ,mr4 ,mylins2 and with two large plates and twenty-two sheets of letterpress1 printed in ,london at five dollars4 ,a new and correct edition was 7,july #ast1 #aged7 proposed for publication at ,berlin by ,ch4 ,fr4 ,vok1 with an explanation of ,mr4 ,hogarth's satirical prints1 translated from the ,french2 the whole to subscribers for one dollar1 but after six weeks to be raised to two dollars4 ,an ,italian translation was published at ,leghorn1 #agfa1 octavo1 dedicated ,al illustrissime ,signora ,diana ,molineux dama ,inglese4 ,that ,sterne had read the ,analysis1 appears by the following reference recommendatory1 in the first volume of ,tristram ,shandy3-- 444 ,such were the outlines of ,doctor ,slop's figure1 which1 if you have read ,hogarth's ,analysis of ,beauty1 and if you have not1 ,i wish you would1 you must know may be as certainly caricatured and conveyed to the mind by three strokes as three hundred4 ,hogarth's engraving of the air-balloon figure is said to be intended for ,doctor ,burton1 the ,jacobite physician of ,york2 a microscopic miniature of the plate 7so small that it requires the aid of a glass7 is in the engraved frontispiece to these volumes4 #be ,he bought the picture in for ,lady ,schaub1 and she has since sold it to the present ,henry ,duke of ,newcastle4 #bf ,the original letter is in the possession of the editor1 and with all the circumstances relating to the transaction1 copied from ,hogarth's handwriting1 published in the third volume of this work4 #bg ,the correspondence between ,sir ,richard ,grosvenor and ,mr4 ,hogarth relative to the picture of ,sigismunda is in the #c;d volume of this work4 #bh ,i mean to speak of alterations suggested by his friends3 to the public at large1 if we can confide in the following note1 which ,i found in a volume of the late ,doctor ,lort's1 he paid little attention3-- ,,hogarth',s ,,sigismunda4 ,he placed that picture1 which in spite of all the critics could say against it1 had infinite merits in the view of the public1 and at the same time placed a man in an adjoining room to write down all objections that each spectator made to it4 ,of these there were a thousand at least1 but ,hogarth told the writer of this#bi that he attended only to one1 and that was made by a madman2 and perceiving the objection was founded1 he altered it4 ,the madman1 after looking stedfastly on the picture for some time1 suddenly turned away1 exclaiming1--,hang it1 ,i hate these white roses4 ,the artist then1 and not till then1 observed that the foldings of ,sigismunda's chemise sleeves were too regular1 and had more the appearance of roses than of linen4 ,i know not in whose possession this picture now is1 but ,i will venture to pronounce1 that nowhere can distress be more forcibly exprest on canvas3 it is a distress1 not of the minute1 but the day4 #bi ,the late ,philip ,thicknesse1 ,esq4 #cj ,the attack was commenced in ,no4 #ag of the ,north ,briton1 which was published on the #agth of ,september #agfb4 ,on the #afth1 ,mr4 ,hogarth being at ,salisbury1 called upon the colonel of the ,buckinghamshire militia 7who was then quartered in the neighbourhood71 with the good-natured intention of shaking hands3 as his old friend was not at home1 they neither met then1 nor at any future period4 ,in my account of the ,times there are a few strictures on this political pasquinade1 which was followed by much metrical lampoon from the reverend ,mr4 ,churchill4 ,let us hear his coadjutor1 ,robert ,lloyd1 who in a fable entitled ,genius1 ,envy1 and ,time1 gives ,,time the following speech3-- ,yet1 ,genius1 mark what ,i presage1 ,who look through every distant age3 ,merit shall bless thee with her charms1 ,fame lift thy offspring in her arms1 ,and stamp eternity of grace ,on all thy numerous1 various race4 ,roubiliac1 ,wilton1 names as high ,as ,phidias of antiquity1 ,shall strength1 expression1 manner give1 ,and make e'en marble breathe and live1 ,while ,sigismunda's deep distress1 ,which looks the soul of wretchedness2 ,when ,i1 with slow and soft'ning pen1 ,have gone o'er all the tints agen1 ,shall urge a bold and proper claim ,to level half the ancient fame2 ,while future ages yet unknown1 ,with critic air shall proudly own1 ,thy ,hogarth first of every clime1 ,for humour keen1 or strong sublime1 ,and hail him from his fire and spirit1 ,the child of ,genius and of ,merit4 --,lloyd's ,works1 p4 #bjd4 #ca ,i learn from ,mr4 ,nichols1 that he was a dupe to flattery2 that his easiness of disposition should be practised on is natural1 but that any of his friends should boast of such an imposition as the following1 is extraordinary3-- 444 ,a word in favour of ,sigismunda might have commanded a proof print1 or forced an original sketch out of our artist's hand4 ,the furnisher of this remark owes one of his scarcest performances to the success of a compliment which might have stuck even in ,sir ,godfrey ,kneller's throat4--,nichols' ,anecdotes1 p4 #ee4 #cb ,having given ,mr4 ,walpole's remarks1 it is but fair to insert that part of the ,analysis which gave rise to them3-- ,notwithstanding the deep-rooted notion1 even amongst the majority of painters themselves1 that ,time is a great improver of good pictures1 ,i will undertake to show that nothing can be more absurd4 ,having mentioned the whole effect of the oil1 let us now see in what manner ,time operates on the colours themselves1 in order to discover if any changes in them can give a picture more union and harmony than has been in the power of a skilful master with all his rules of art to do4 ,when colours change at all1 it must be somewhat in the manner following2 for as they are made1 some of metal1 some of earth1 some of stone1 and others of more perishable materials1 ,time cannot operate on them otherwise than as by daily experience we find it doth1 which is1 that one changes darker1 another lighter1 one quite to a different colour1 whilst another1 as ultra-marine1 will keep its natural brightness even in the fire4 ,,therefore1 how is it possible that such different materials1 ever variously changing 7visibly1 after a certain time71 should accidentally coincide with the artist's intention1 and bring about the greater harmony of the piece1 when it is manifestly contrary to their nature2 for do we not see1 in most collections1 that much time disunites1 untunes1 blackens1 and by degrees destroys1 even the best preserved pictures8 ,but if1 for argument's sake1 we suppose that the colours were to fall equally together1 let us see what sort of advantage this would give to any sort of composition3 we will begin with a flower-piece4 ,when a master hath painted a rose1 a lily1 an african1 a gentinnella1 or violet1 with his best art and brightest colours1 how far short do they fall of the freshness and rich brilliancy of nature6 ,and shall we wish to see them fall still lower1 more faint1 sullied1 and dirtied by the hand of ,time1 and then admire them as having gained an additional beauty1 and call them mended and heightened1 rather than fouled1 and in a manner destroyed8 ,how absurd6 instead of mellowed and softened1 therefore1 always read yellow and sullied2 for this is doing ,time1 the destroyer1 but common justice4 ,or shall we desire to see complexions1 which in life are often literally as brilliant as the flowers above mentioned1 served in the like ungrateful manner8 ,in a landscape1 will the water be more transparent1 or the sky shine with a greater lustre1 when embrowned and darkened by decay8 ,surely no4--,these opinions have given rise to another absurdity1 viz4 that the colours now-a-days do not stand so well as formerly2 whereas colours well prepared1 in which there are but little art or expense1 have1 and will always have1 the same properties in every age2 and without accidents1 damps1 bad varnish1 and the like 7being laid separate and pure71 will stand and keep together for many years in defiance of ,time itself4 #cc ,it may be truly observed of ,hogarth1 that all his powers of delighting were confined to his pencil4 ,having rarely been admitted into polite circles1 none of his sharp comers had been rubbed off1 so that he continued to the last a gross1 uncultivated man4 ,the slightest contradiction transported him into rage4 ,to be member of a club consisting of mechanics1 or those not many removes above them1 seems to have been the utmost of his social ambition2 but even in these assemblies he was oftener sent to ,coventry1 for misbehaviour1 than any other person who frequented them4 ,he is said to have beheld the rising eminence and popularity of ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds with a degree of envy2 and1 if ,i am not misinformed1 spoke with asperity both of him and his performances4 ,justice1 however1 obliges me to add that our artist was liberal1 hospitable1 and the most punctual of paymasters2 so that1 in spite of the emoluments his works had procured to him1 he left but an inconsiderable fortune to his widow4--,nichols' ,anecdotes1 p4 #ig4 #cd ,in furniture1 decorations1 etc41 this place has not been altered since his death4 ,there is not one of his own prints1 but in the parlour are framed engravings from ,sir ,james ,thornhill's paintings in ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral1 and the ,houbraken heads of ,shakspeare1 ,spencer1 and ,dryden4 ,the garden is laid out in a good style3 over the door is a cast of ,george the ,second's mask1 in lead1 and in one corner a rude and shapeless stone1 placed upright against the wall1 and inscribed1 ,,alas1 ,,poor ,,dick6 ,,ob4 #agfj4 ,,aged ,,eleven4 ,beneath the inscriptions are two cross bones of birds1 surmounted with a heart and death's head4 ,the sculpture was made with a nail1 by the hand of ,hogarth1 and placed there in memory of a favourite bullfinch1 who is deposited beneath4 #ce ,this is ,doctor ,johnson's epitaph1 and he wrote only four4 ,he has broken his own rule1 that the name should always be inserted in the body of the verse4 #cf ,the verses1 as first written by ,mr4 ,garrick1 and now in the possession of ,mr4 ,james ,townley1 are as follows3-- ,if thou hast genius1 reader1 stay2 ,if thou hast feeling1 drop the tear2-- ,if thou hast neither1--hence1 away1 ,for ,hogarth's dear remains lie here4 ,his matchless works1 of fame secure1 ,shall live our country's pride and boast1 ,as long as nature shall endure1 ,and only in her wreck be lost4 #cg ,in the ,daily ,advertiser of ,january #bg1 #aghc1 ,i find the following advertisement3-- ,,hogarth',s ,,original ,,works4 ,as an opinion generally prevails1 that the genuine impressions of ,hogarth's works are very bad1 and the plates retouched1 ,mrs4 ,hogarth is under the necessity of acquainting the public in general1 and the admirers of her deceased husband's works in particular1 that it has been owing to a want of proper attention in the conducting this work for some years past that the impressions in general have not done justice to the condition of the plates2 and she has requested some gentlemen1 most eminent in the art of engraving1 to inspect the plates1 who have given the following opinion3-- ,,london1 ,january #ba1 #ahgc4 ,we1 whose names are underwritten1 having carefully examined the copperplates published by the late ,mr4 ,hogarth1 are fully convinced that they have not been retouched since his death4 ,,francis ,,bartolozzi4 ,,wm4 ,,woollet4 ,,wm4 ,,wynne ,,ryland4 #ch ,notwithstanding this1 ,mrs4 ,lewis told me1 that a gentleman who possessed a collection of ,hogarth's works1 once requested she would lend him the plates for the purpose of having a set faintly taken off1 as a contrast to his own4 ,it is scarcely necessary to say this modest request was refused1 and she received much consequent abuse4 #ci ,he frequently drew sketches of heads upon his nail1 and when he came home1 copied them on paper1 from whence they were transferred to his plates4 #dj ,see two large pictures of the ,good ,samaritan1 and the ,pool of ,bethesda1 which he presented to ,st4 ,bartholomew's ,hospital4 #da ,g4 ,m4 ,stainforth1 ,esq41 of ,berkeley ,square1 has in his possession a portrait of the late ,justice ,walsh1 which1 for a wager1 ,mr4 ,hogarth painted in less than an hour1 and it is said to be a strong resemblance4 #db ,this observation extends no further than to his conversations among his intimates4 ,mr4 ,walpole once invited ,gray the poet and ,hogarth to dine with him2 but what with the reserve of the one1 and a want of colloquial talents in the other1 he never passed a duller time than between these two representatives of tragedy and comedy1 being obliged to rely entirely on his own efforts to support conversation4--,nichols' ,anecdotes1 p4 #ig4 ,johnson1 though his colloquial powers were gigantic1 could not speak in the ,society of ,arts3 he could not1 as he himself expressed it1 get on4 #dc ,in this he resembled a man whose simplicity of manners and integrity of life give me a pride in avowing myself one of his descendants4 ,he could not bear that any one should in their absence be evil spoken of2 and in such cases frequently recommended the person who censured to peruse that verse in ,leviticus xix4 #ad1 which says1 ,thou shalt not curse the deaf2 adding1 ,those that are absent are deaf4--,life of ,rev4 ,philip ,henry1 ,orton's edition1 p4 #beb4 #dd ,a merchant named ,purse1 whom he never saw1 left him a legacy of one hundred pounds1 as a trifling acknowledgment for the pleasure and information the testator had received from his works4 ,by this solitary testimony to his talents he was highly gratified4 #de ,the attendant represents ,john ,gourlay1 the ,colonel's favourite and confidant4 #df ,to show how fair an object for satire the painter has selected1 and how properly he has hung up such a miscreant as an example for posterity to avoid1 part of it is inserted3-- ,here continueth to rot1 the body of ,,francis ,,chartres2 who1 with an ,,inflexible ,,constancy1 and ,,inimitable ,,uniformity of life1 ,,persisted1 in spite of ,,age and ,,infirmities1 in the practice of ,,every ,,human ,,vice1 excepting ,,prodigality and ,,hypocrisy4 ,his insatiable ,,avarice exempted him from the first2 his matchless ,,impudence from the second4 ,oh1 indignant reader6 think not his life useless to mankind2 ,providence connived at his execrable designs1 to give to after ages a conspicuous proof and example of how small estimation is ,,exorbitant ,,wealth in the sight of ,,god1 by ,his bestowing it on the most ,,unworthy ,,of ,,all ,,mortals4 #dg ,mother ,needham1 who stood in the pillory at ,park ,place on the #eth of ,may #agcd1 and was so roughly treated by the populace that she died a few days afterwards4 ,the crime for which she suffered was1 keeping a disorderly house4 #dh ,the ,grub ,street ,journal for ,august #f1 #agcj1 giving an account of several prostitutes who were taken up1 informs us that the fourth was ,kate ,hackabout 7whose brother was lately hanged at ,tyburn71 a woman noted in and about the hundreds of ,drury1 etc4 #di ,among a great number of copies which the success of these prints tempted obscure artists to make1 there was one set printed on two large sheets of paper for ,g4 ,king1 ,brownlow ,street1 which1 being made with ,hogarth's consent1 may possibly contain some additions suggested and inserted by his directions4 ,in this plate1 beneath the sign of the ,bell1 is inscribed1 ,,parsons ,,intier ,,butt ,,bear4 #ej ,the attendant black boy gave the foundation of an ill-natured remark by ,quin1 when ,garrick once attempted the part of ,othello4 ,he pretend to play ,othello6 said the surly satirist2 he pretend to play ,othello6 ,he wants nothing but the tea-kettle and lamp to qualify him for ,hogarth's ,pompey6 #ea ,in the copies printed for ,g4 ,king1 this picture has a label1 ,jonah1 why art thou angry8 and under the lower portrait is written1 ,mr4 ,woolston4 #eb ,this has been said to be a portrait1 but of whom ,i never could get any information4 #ec ,in ,rembrandt's ,abraham's ,offering1 in the ,houghton collection now at ,petersburgh1 the knife dropping from the hand of the patriarch appears in a falling state4 #ed ,this paper is a pastoral letter from ,gibson ,bishop of ,london1 and intimates that the writings of grave prelates were sometimes to be found in chandlers' shops1 as they are even unto this day4 #ee ,following the ,doctor's name are the letters ,s4,t4,p41 sanct theologi professor4 ,a fellow not knowing the import of these dignifying capitals1 well enough translated them1 ,,saucy ,,troublesome ,,puppy4 #ef ,when ,theodore1 the unfortunate king of ,corsica1 was so reduced as to lodge in a garret in ,dean ,street1 ,soho1 a number of gentlemen made a collection for his relief4 ,the chairman of their committee informed him by letter1 that on the following day1 at twelve o'clock1 two of the society would wait upon his ,majesty with the money4 ,to give his ,attic apartment an appearance of royalty1 the poor monarch placed an arm-chair on his half-testered bed1 and seating himself under the scanty canopy1 gave what he thought might serve as the representation of a throne4 ,when his two visitors entered the room1 he graciously held out his right hand1 that they might have the honour of--kissing it6 #eg ,sir ,john ,gonson1 a justice of peace1 very active in the suppression of brothels4 ,in a view of the town in #agce1 by ,t4 ,gilbert 7,fellow of ,peterhouse1 ,cambridge71 are the following lines3-- ,though laws severe to punish crimes were made1 ,what honest man is of these laws afraid8 ,all felons against judges will exclaim1 ,as harlots tremble at a ,gonson's name4 ,pope has noticed him in his ,imitation of ,dr4 ,donne1 and ,loveling in a very elegant ,latin ,ode4 ,thus1 between the poets and the painter1 the name of this harlot-hunting justice is transmitted to posterity4 ,he died on the #ith of ,january #agfe4 #eh ,such well-dressed females are rarely met with in our present house of correction2 but her splendid appearance is sufficiently warranted by the following paragraph in the ,grub ,street ,journal of ,september #ad1 #agcj3-- ,one ,mary ,moffat1 a woman of great note in the hundreds of ,drury1 who about a fortnight ago was committed to hard labour in ,tothill ,fields ,bridewell1 by nine justices1 brought his ,majesty's writ of habeas corpus1 and was carried before the ,right ,honourable the ,lord ,chief-,justice ,raymond1 expecting to have been either bailed or discharged2 but her commitment appearing to be legal1 his lordship thought fit to remand her back again to her former place of confinement1 where she is now beating hemp in a gown very richly laced with silver4 #ei ,the notorious breaches of trust and cruelties of which ,bainbridge1 ,cuthbert1 and other keepers of prisons were about this time guilty1 attracted the attention of the ,house of ,commons1 who appointed a committee to inquire into the abuses1 which were afterwards in a degree corrected4 #fj ,there may be some who will object to this word1 as too important for the action4 ,i have the example of a very eminent personage1 dignified with the pompous addition of ,b4,d41 to justify its insertion4 ,this great man1 a few years ago1 placed against the wall of his house1 in the neighbourhood of ,hatton ,garden1 a board1 broad as a church-door1 on which was inscribed1 in letters of two feet long1 ,,the ,,destroyer ,,lives ,,here4 ,on a close inspection of the sign1 it appeared to be sprinkled over with a number of little black dots intended to represent bugs4 #fa ,the meagre figure is a portrait of ,dr4 ,misaubin1 a foreigner1 at that time in considerable practice4 ,these disputes1 ,i have been told1 sometimes happen at a consultation of regular physicians1 and a patient has been so unpolite as to die before they could determine on the name of his disorder4 ,about the symptoms1 how they disagree1 ,but how unanimous about the fee6 #fb ,the enumeration of its various virtues and never-failing efficacy1 at this enlightened and philosophical period1 covers one side of a house in ,long ,acre4 #fc ,the woman seated next to the divine was intended for ,elizabeth ,adams1 who1 on the #ajth of ,september #agcg1 at the age of thirty1 was executed for a robbery which had been attended with circumstances that aggravated the crime4 #fd ,when the celebrated ,nancy ,elliot found that she must pass that bourne from whence no traveller returns1 she was very solicitous to see her sister1 whose life had not been strictly virtuous1 to deliver her last advice and dying admonition4 ,her father used his best endeavours to effect this pious purpose1 but was too late2 and reached her house1 accompanied by his other daughter1 a few moments before she died4 ,when her death was announced1 he grasped his remaining child by the hand1 and1 pointing to her emaciated sister1 pathetically exclaimed1 ,look there6--and sunk down in a swoon1 from which he was with difficulty recovered4 #fe ,under a pirated set of the ,harlot's ,progress1 published by ,boitard1 were inscribed six miserable verses2 our painter of domestic story1 finding they had some effect1 requested his friend ,dr4 ,hoadley to explain the ,rake's ,progress by poetical illustrations4 ,the request was complied with1 and the verses to each print are added to this work4 #ff ,it has been generally said that this is an appraiser and undertaker2 let not these venerable dealers in dust any longer suffer the disgrace of so unjust an insinuation4 ,that the artist intended to delineate a lawyer1 is clearly intimated by his old1 uncurled tie-wig and the baize bag4 ,we cannot mistake these obtrusive ensigns of the craft1 or mystery1 or profession1 of which this hoary villain is a member4 #fg ,that this gentleman is a ,parisian1 there can be little doubt4 ,he has all the violent grace and outr air of his country and profession4 #fh ,one ,dubois1 a ,frenchman1 memorable for his high opinion of the science of defence1 which he declared superior to all other arts and sciences united4 ,on the #dth of ,may #agcd1 he fought a duel with an ,irishman of his own name--and was killed6 #fi ,figg1 the famous prize-fighter1 who raised himself to the pinnacle of the temple of fame by conquering a number of hardy ,hibernians1 before that time deemed invincible4 ,under a print of his head is the following inscription3 ,a ,,figg ,,for ,,the ,,irish4 #gj ,this has been generally said to be intended for ,handel1 and bears a strong resemblance to his portrait4 #ga ,old ,bridgeman1 eminent for his taste in the plans of gardens and plantations4 ,as he was a worshipper of the modern style1 scorned the square precision of the old school1 and attempted to create landscape1 to realize painting1 and improve nature1 ,hogarth might have given him a better design than that which he holds in his hand2 it has all the regular formality that distinguishes the aquatic froggery of a ,dutch burgomaster3 ,grove nods at grove1 each alley has a brother1 ,and half the platform just reflects the other4 #gb ,a bravo is more properly an ,italian than an ,english character2 but even in ,england1 the aid of an assassin may be useful1 when a man dare not resent an affront in propria persona4 ,this gunpowder hero being introduced1 and evidently waiting for orders1 seems covertly to intimate that ,thomas ,rakewell1 ,esq41 in addition to his other excellent qualities1 is a coward4 #gc ,on the silver cup which the jockey is presenting1 we see inscribed1 ,won at ,epsom by ,silly ,tom4 ,our sagacious esquire seems to have lent his own name to his favourite horse4 #gd ,the attitude of ,venus is graceful2 but the cool indifference and sang froid of the ,trojan shepherd1 carelessly and coolly seated while the fair competitors for the prize are standing up1 is intolerable4 #ge ,the ,reverend ,mr4 ,gilpin4 #gf ,this is the portrait of one ,leathercoat1 many years a porter at the ,rose ,tavern1 and remarkable for his universal knowledge of women of the town4 #gg ,hogarth seems to have had a great fancy for bringing ,king ,david into bad company4 ,he is in the second plate of the ,harlot's ,progress depicted in the bed-room of a prostitute1 and here represented as perched on a harp1 at a brothel in ,drury ,lane4 #gh ,it was further commemorated as the anniversary of ,queen ,caroline's birthday4 #gi ,the chief of these1 who appears in something that has once been a tye-wig1 was painted from a ,french boy that cleaned shoes at the corner of ,hog ,lane4 #hj ,this post1 and that close to the feet of the strutting ,cambrian1 shows that these safeguards to the pedestrian were then thought necessary3 on new-paving the streets soon after his present ,majesty's accession1 they were removed4 ,during the short time of ,lord ,bute's administration1 an ,english gentleman who reprobated the idea of making a ,scotch pavement in the vicinity of ,st4 ,james's1 being asked by a ,north ,briton who was present how he or any other ,englishman could reasonably object to even ,scotchmen mending their ways in the neighbourhood of a palace8 replied1 ,we do not object to your mending our ways1 but you have taken away all our posts4 #ha ,this is probably a true delineation of the church as it was then4 ,the print was published in #agce1 and the year #agda the church was rebuilt4 ,it seems likely that ,marybone1 from a neighbouring village1 may become the centre of the city3 the alteration since the ,revolution1 #afhh1 justifies this supposition4 ,in that year the annual amount of the taxes for the whole parish was four-and-twenty pounds2 in #aghh the annual amount was four-and-twenty thousand4 #hb ,from the antiquated bride1 and young female adjusting the folds of her gown1 is taken a ,french print of a wrinkled harridan of fashion at her toilet1 attended by a blooming ,coiffeuse4 ,it was engraved by ,l4 ,surugue1 in #agde1 from a picture in crayons by ,coypell1 and is entitled1 ,la ,folie pare la ,decrepitude des ,ajustemens de la ,jeunesse4 ,from the ,frenchman1 however1 the ,devonshire ,square dowager of our artist has received so high a polish1 that she might be mistaken for a queen-mother of ,france4 #hc ,trump1 ,mr4 ,hogarth's favourite dog1 which he has introduced in several of his prints4 #hd ,this probably gave the hint to a lady's reply1 on being told that thieves had the preceding night broken into the church1 and stolen the communion plate1 and the ,ten ,commandments4 ,i can suppose1 added the informant1 that they may melt1 and sell the plate2 but can you divine for what possible purpose they could steal the ,commandments8--,to break them1 to be sure1 replied she2 to break them4 #he ,this is a correct copy of the inscription4 ,part of these lines1 in raised letters1 now form a pannel in the wainscot at the end of the right-hand gallery1 as the church is entered from the street4 ,no heir of the ,forset family appearing1 the vault has been claimed and used by his ,grace the ,duke of ,portland1 as lord of the manor4 ,the mural monument of the ,taylors1 composed of lead gilt over1 is still preserved3 it is seen in ,hogarth's print1 just under the window4 ,the bishop of the diocese1 when the new church was built1 gave orders that all the ancient tablets should be placed as nearly as possible in their former situations4 ,it appears from an examination of the registers1 etc41 that ,thos4 ,sice and ,thos4 ,horn were really churchwardens in the year #agbe1 when the repairs were made4 ,this print came out only ten years afterwards2 and the present state of the building seems to intimate that ,messieurs ,sice and ,horn had cheated the parish1 when they officially superintended the affairs of their church4 ,the coat1 shoes1 and stockings of the charity-boy convey a similar satire1 though that is directed to another quarter4 #hf ,the ,reverend ,mr4 ,gilpin4 #hg ,the thought is taken from a similar character to be found among the figures of the principal personages in the court of ,louis ,,xiv41 folio4 ,this work has no engraver's name1 but was probably published about the year #agjj4 #hh ,this is said to be old ,manners 7brother to ,john ,duke of ,rutland71 to whom the old ,duke of ,devonshire lost the great estate of ,leicester ,abbey4 ,manners was the only person of his time who had amassed a considerable fortune by the profession of a gamester4 #hi ,it has been thought intended for a portrait of ,william ,duke of ,cumberland2 but this cannot be1 for the ,duke was not more than fifteen years of age when these prints were published4 #ij ,such an accident as is here represented really happened at ,white's ,chocolate ,house1 ,st4 ,james's ,street1 on the #c;d of ,may #agcc4 #ia ,a masquerade is not often considered as the school of morality3 it frequently leads to vice1 but seldom reclaims from error4 ,that it once had a salutary effect1 the following story will evince4 ,lord ,c----e1 with many amiable virtues1 and many brilliant accomplishments1 had a most unfortunate propensity to gaming2 in one night he lost upwards of thirty thousand pounds to the late ,general ,scott4 ,mortified at his ill-fortune1 he paid the money1 and wished to keep the circumstance secret3 it was1 however1 whispered in the polite circles1 and his lordship1 to divert his chagrin1 a few nights after slipped on a domino1 and went to a masquerade at ,carlisle ,house4 ,he found all the company running after three ,irish ladies of the name of ,g----e1 in the characters of the three weird sisters4 ,these ladies were so well acquainted with everything that was going on in the great world1 that they kept the room in a continued roar by the brilliancy of their bon-mots1 and the terseness of their applications to some ladies of rank who were present4 ,they knew ,lord ,c----e1 and they knew of his loss1 though he did not know them4 ,he walked up to them1 and in a solemn tone of voice addressed them as follows3-- ,ye black and midnight hags1--what do ye do8 ,live ye1 or are ye aught that man may question8 ,quickly unclasp to me the book of fate1 ,and tell if good or ill my steps await6 ,first ,witch4 ,all hail1 ,c----e6 all hail to thee6 ,all hail6 though poor thou soon shalt be6 ,hecate4 ,c----e1 all hail6 thy evil star ,sheds baleful influence--oh1 beware6 ,beware that ,thane6 beware that ,scott6 ,or poverty shall be thy lot6 ,he'll drain thy youth as dry as hay-- ,hither1 sisters1 haste away6 ,at the concluding word1 whirling a watchman's rattle which she held in her hand1 the dome echoed with the sound2 the terrified peer shrunk into himself1--retired1--vowed never to lose more than a hundred pounds at a sitting1 abode by the determination1 and retrieved his fortune4 #ib ,there has been almost as much debate about ,hogarth's orthography as about ,shakspeare's learning4 ,one of these knotty points ,dr4 ,farmer's admirable pamphlet has put out of the reach of doubt1 the other is not of much consequence4 ,i am afraid there are too many damning proofs that ,mr4 ,william ,hogarth was ignorant of spelling1 for his warmest admirers to contest the point any longer4 ,his fame is fixed upon a firmer basis4 ,it was not necessary for him to study the language of the schools2 he searched into the grammar of nature1 and was himself the founder of an university1 in which his pencil1 usurping the office of a pen1 describes the passions as they affect the countenance1 and narrates the incidents that mark our little life with the minuteness of a chronologist and the fidelity of an historian4 ,it has been truly said1 that our divine poet saw nature without the spectacles of books4 ,our great artist could never have delineated the workings of the human mind with that precise accuracy which marks all his works1 if he had studied the language of the passions from the books of your philosophy4 #ic ,in his remarks on the seventh print1 he speaks of this female being introduced in the prison-scene as an episode4 ,it cannot1 however1 be called a digression2 it naturally arises from the main subject1 and with the main subject it is materially connected4 ,,episodium3 ,res extra argumentum assumpta4--,,ainsworth4 #id ,the ,reverend ,mr4 ,gilpin4 ,see ,essay on ,prints1 article ,hogarth4 #ie ,it is designed from one of the two figures at the gate of the hospital in ,moorfields1 which ,mr4 ,pope1 with more malignity than truth1 calls ,cibber's brainless brothers4 ,the sculptor was ,mr4 ,cibber's father4 #if ,this has been said to be an allusion to the ,leda painted and afterwards cut to pieces by ,jacques ,antoine ,arlaud2 but it appears1 by ,mr4 ,walpole's ,anecdotes1 vol4 iv4 p4 #ha1 that ,arlaud did not anatomize his ,leda until the year #agch4 #ig ,elkannah ,settle was born in the year #afdh4 ,in #afhj1 he was so violent a ,whig1 that the ceremony of ,pope-burning1 on the #agth of ,november1 was entrusted to his management4 ,he wrote much in defence of the party1 and with the leaders was in high estimation4 ,politicians and patriots were formed of much the same materials then as they are now4 ,settle1 being disappointed in some of his views1 became as violent a ,tory as he had been a ,whig1 and actually entered himself a trooper in ,king ,james's army at ,hounslow ,heath4 ,the ,revolution destroyed all his prospects2 and in the latter part of his life he was so reduced as to attend a booth1 which was kept by ,mrs4 ,minns and her daughter ,mrs4 ,leigh1 in ,bartholomew ,fair4 ,from these people he received a salary for writing drolls1 which were generally approved4 ,in his old age he was obliged to appear in these wretched exhibitions2 and in the farce of ,st4 ,george for ,england1 performed the part of a dragon1 being enclosed in a case of green leather of his own invention4 ,to this circumstance ,doctor ,young refers in his ,epistle to ,pope3 ,poor ,elkannah1 all other changes past1 ,for bread1 in ,smithfield-dragons hiss'd at last2 ,spit streams of fire1 to make the butchers gape2 ,and found his manners suited to his shape4 #ih ,the ,honourable ,edward ,howard1 brother to the ,earl of ,berkshire and to ,sir ,henry ,howard1 was much more illustrious from his birth than distinguished by his talents4 ,poetry was his passion rather than his power4 ,he mistook inclination for ability1 and wrote a number of very dull plays1 in which want of genius and invention was atoned for by that turgid1 inflated language so acceptable to an audience whose admiration is most excited by that which they least understand4 #ii ,the fairs at ,chester1 and some few other places1 still keep up the spirit of the original institution4 #ajj ,they were at last carried to such a height of licentiousness1 as to demand the interposition of the ,legislature2 and no reformation being wrought by lenient measures1 ,southwark ,fair1 and many others1 were suppressed4 #aja ,a booth was built in ,smithfield the year this print was published1 for the use of ,t4 ,cibber1 ,bullock1 and ,h4 ,hallam1 at which the tragedy of ,tamerlane1 with the ,fall of ,bajazet1 intermixed with the comedy of the ,miser1 was actually represented4 ,the bill of fare with which these gentlemen tempted their customers may properly enough be called an olio2 and the royal elephant sheet on which the titles of their plays are printed1 throws the comparatively diminutive bills of a theatre-royal into the background4 ,in some of the provinces distant from the capital1 their dramatic exhibitions are still given out in the quaint style which marked the productions of our ancestors4 ,this sometimes excites the laughter of a scholar1 but it whets the curiosity of the rustic2 and whatever helps to fill a theatre or a barn1 must be the best of all possible methods4 ,from the recent modes of announcing new plays at the two ,royal ,theatres1 there seems some reason to expect that the admirers of this kind of writing will soon be gratified by having it introduced in the ,london play-bills1 or at least in the ,london papers1 where hints of the abundant entertainment which is to be expected sometimes make their appearance in the shape of 'a correspondent's opinion4' ,but leaving them to their admirers1 let us return to humbler scenes1 and give one example out of the many which the provinces annually afford4 ,a play-bill1 printed some years ago at ,ludlow1 in ,shropshire1 was nearly as large as their principal painted scene1 and dignified with letters that were truly ,,capital1 for each of those which composed the name of a principal character were near a foot long4 ,the play was for the benefit of a very eminent female performer1 the bill was said to be written by herself1 and thus was the evening's amusement announced3 ,for the benefit of ,mrs4 ----4 ,by particular desire of ,b---- ,g----1 ,esquire1 and his most amiable lady3 ,this present evening will be performed a deep tragedy1 containing the doleful history of ,king ,lear and his three daughters2 with the merry conceits of his ,majesty's fool1 and the valorous exploits of ,general ,edmund1 the ,duke of ,glo'ster's bastard4--,all written by one ,william ,shakspeare1 a mighty great poet1 who was born in ,warwickshire1 and held horses for gentlemen at the sign of the ,red ,bull1 in ,saint ,john's ,street1 near ,west ,smithfield2 where was just such another playhouse as that to which we humbly invite you1 and hope for the good company of all friends round the ,wrekin4 ,all you who would wish to cry1 or to laugh1 ,you had better spend your money here than in the alehouse1 by half2 ,and if you likes more about these things for to know1 ,come at six o'clock to the barn1 in the ,high ,street1 ,ludlow2 ,where1 presented by live actors1 the whole may be seen3 ,so vivant ,rex1 ,god save the ,king1 not forgetting the ,queen4--,e4 #ajb ,i have heard a person1 who was ambitious of being thought able to detect the plagiarisms of painters1 assert that the artist took this hint from ,jupiter and ,io4 ,the ,southwark ,fair nymph does not1 however1 appear to be embracing a cloud4 #ajc ,the ,siege of ,troy was a celebrated droll1 in high estimation at fairs1 printed in #agjg4 ,the author1 ,elkannah ,settle1 ,for his broad shoulders fam'd1 and length of ears4 #ajd ,had ,hogarth read ,the ,merchant of ,venice8 or did the poet and the painter see nature with the same eyes8 ,the woman behind the post proves that they thought alike3 ,some men there are love not a gaping pig1 ,some that are mad if they behold a cat2 ,and others 'if the bagpipe sing i' the nose4' etc4 #aje ,in ,mr4 ,horace ,walpole's ,anecdotes of ,painting in the ,reign of ,george ,,ii41 he prefaces the account of ,william ,hogarth in the following manner3 ,having despatched the herd of our painters in oil1 ,i reserved to a class by himself that great and original genius1 etc4 ,i thought the term very happily applied1 and pointedly appropriate to most of the characters it enumerates2 but ,i remember a second-rate artist being marvellously offended at the freedom of the appellation2 and observing that the names of ,canaletti1 ,george ,lambert1 ,francis ,cotes1 ,frank ,hayman1 and ,samuel ,scott1 deserved more respect than to be classed in a herd4 #ajf ,mr4 ,highmore was originally a man of considerable fortune1 but ,white's gaming-house1 and the ,drury ,lane patent1 exhausted his finances4 ,having exhibited himself as an unsuccessful actor and an unfortunate manager1 he in #agdc completed the climax by publishing a poem entitled ,dettingen1 which proves him a very indifferent writer4 ,in #agdd1 he a second time appeared in the character of ,lothario1 for the benefit of ,mr4 ,horton1 but seems to have had no requisites for the stage4 ,he was1 however1 a man of strict integrity and high honour1 and frequently suffered heavy losses rather than violate any engagement1 though it might be only verbal1 which he had once made4 ,such a person was very unfit for a coadjutor with men who were so busied in qualifying themselves for personating the characters of others1 that they had no leisure for any attention to their own4 #ajg ,the general observation at the time was1 ,what business had a gentleman to make the purchase8 #ajh ,it seems that ,harper was mentally and corporeally qualified for the character2 for we are told that ,mr4 ,highmore fixed upon ,harper as the person to take up for a vagabond1 because he was naturally a very great coward4 ,one of the prints of the day1 dated the #abth of ,november #agcd1 speaking of this transaction1 concludes with the following remark3 ,sir ,thomas ,clarges and other justices have committed ,mr4 ,harper to ,bridewell1 in order to his being put to hard labour1--an employment which1 by his enormous bulk1 he seems as little fit for as he is for a vagrant2 being a man so marvellously corpulent1 that it is not possible for him either to labour or to wander a great deal4 ,he was1 however1 a man of very fair character1 and soon delivered from his confinement by an order from the ,court of ,king's ,bench4 #aji ,among the dead stock of a lately deceased antiquarian1 there was found1 carefully wrapped up in paper that had once been white1 four moderate-sized panes of glass1 cut lozenge fashion4 ,on the paper1 in a kind of law hand1 was written what follows3-- ,theese curious peeces of antiquitie ,i did purchase from a glazyer at ,windsor1 who informed me that he had them from his father1 who was in the same business1 and lived for to be very old2 and told unto him1 that while he was yet but a little scrubbed boy1 being apprenticed1 his master did send him to put some newe paines of glasse in a cazement at the ,olde ,kinges ,armes in that towne2 the old glasse being rendered dimme and obscured1 by wicked fellowes having at sundrie times scribbled naughty and unseemly words and verses thereon4 ,upon the enclosed paines were the fairest inscriptions2 he therefore had kept them1 and recommended unto his sonne to doe the like4 ,for a small peece of gold they became mine1 and ,i do beleeve were truelie written by the handes of those verie menne whose names are put under each verse1 and that ,falstaff his lines are meaned to convey a sort of sporting resentmente against his old companion1 once ,prince ,henrie1 surnamed of ,monmouth1 but nowe become kinge1 for having banyshed him from his royal presence2 though perhappes it may onlie meane to allude unto the signe of the taverne where they did holde their merrie meetinges4 ,the inscriptions were as follow3-- ,kingis ,armes taverne atte ,winsor1 firste daie of ,maye1 ,a4,d4 #adad4 ,presente1--,i ,john ,falstaff1 knight1--,mistris ,dorothy1--,ned ,poins1--and myne ,ancient4 ,,onne ,,mistris ,,dorothy4 ,doll in the ,kingis ,armes hath ofte times slept1 ,and ,doll if you will give her halfe a crowne1 ,if from the ,kingis ,armes she should be kept1-- ,will sleepe in yours1 or anie armes in towne4--,,falstaff4 ,on the feathers which ,mistriss ,dorothy weareth in her hatte3 ,under ,doll's feathers1 let ',ich ,dien' bee2 ',i serve1' we translate this4-- ,i own righte welle shee serveth mee1 ,and would serve you ,i wisse4--,e4 ,,poins4 ,on ,dol ,tearsheete her ,garters2 the mottoe ',honi soit qui mal y pense' being worked with worsteades thereon3 ,avaunt1 ye peasant slaves6 and see from whence ,the mottoe ',honi soit qui mal y pense4' ,dare of ,dol's garters but to whisper eville1 ,with rapier's biting blade ,i'll drive ye to the deville6--,,pistol4 --,e4 ,these verses are copied verbatim et literatim from the brittle memorial on which they were found2 but should any obstinate sceptic be hardy enough to doubt their antiquity1 and1 notwithstanding the internal evidence which beams through every line1 suppose them the productions of modern days1 let him read the numerous volumes of those gentlemen who debated so learnedly and so long about the workis of ,maister ,rowlie1 the ,bristowe poet1 and the giftis of ,maister ,cannynge1 the ,bristowe patron2 and if1 after he has waded through these clear streams of ancient lore1 a doubt remains in his mind--he must be an infidel4 #aaj ,the licentiousness of the present age is a favourite topic with some of our popular writers2 yet the drama is considered as the mirror of public manners2 and the drama is rather more correct1 and less indelicate1 than it was in the year #acbg1 when1 in a play of the ,olde and ,newe ,testament1 performed at ,chester1 the actors who played ,adam and ,eve1 trying to represent these two characters to the life1 came upon the stage quite naked6 ,what modern manager could have dressed1 or rather undressed1 his performers with a stricter regard to propriety8 #aaa ,that wild beasts were exhibited1 is1 however1 certain from the following anecdote1 which1 not being noted by any of ,dr4 ,johnson's biographers1 may as well have a place here3-- ,when the ,doctor first became acquainted with ,david ,mallet1 they once went with some other gentlemen to laugh away an hour at ,southwark ,fair4 ,at one of the booths where wild beasts were exhibited to the wondering crowd1 was a very large bear1 which the showman assured them was cotched in the undiscovered desarts of the remotest ,russia4 ,the bear was muzzled1 and might therefore be approached with safety1 but to all the company except ,johnson was very surly and ill-tempered2 of the philosopher he appeared extremely fond1 rubbed against him1 and displayed every mark of awkward partiality and subdued kindness4 ,how is it1 said one of the company1 that this savage animal is so attached to ,mr4 ,johnson8 ,from a very natural cause1 replied ,mallet2 the bear is a ,russian philosopher1 and he knows that ,linnus would have placed him in the same class with the ,english moralist4 ,they are two barbarous animals of one species4 ,the ,doctor disliked ,mallet for his tendency to infidelity1 and this sarcasm turned that dislike into positive hatred4 ,he never spoke to him afterwards1 but has gibbeted him in his octavo ,dictionary under the article alias4 #aab ,i cannot learn in what year the duration of this fair was shortened2 but ,i should suppose from the following circumstance1 very soon afterwards4 ,this print was published in #agcc1 and on the #bdth of ,june #agce the ,court of ,aldermen came to a resolution touching ,bartholomew ,fair1 that the same shall not exceed ,bartholomew eve1 ,bartholomew day1 and the day after2 and that during that time nothing but stalls and booths shall be erected for the sale of goods1 wares1 and merchandizes1 and no acting be permitted4 #aac ,a ,mr4 ,banckes1 who a few years afterwards published some rhymes on this print1 asserts1 that the performance at the booth1 on the sign of which is written1 ,the ,fall of ,bajazet1 is the droll of ,fair ,rosamond4 ,from the dresses1 etc41 ,i should imagine this ingenious gentleman is wrong4 ,he also observes1 that young ,louis ,,xv41 ,king of ,france1 his queen1 children1 prime minister1 etc41 were this year exhibited in ,smithfield and the ,borough at very reasonable prices1 to spectators of all degrees4 ,our artist1 however1 had forgot himself in regard to the matter of which these great personages were made1 the whole town having been informed by their master of the ceremonies that they were of a composition far exceeding wax4 ,the same writer goes on to inform us3 ,there ,yeates and ,pinchbeck change the scene ,to slight of hand1 and clock machine2 ,first numerous eggs are laid1 and then1 ,the pregnant bag brings forth a hen1 etc4 ,from the above lines1 ,i should suppose that the late ,mr4 ,pinchbeck1 with his wonderful and surprising piece of mechanism the ,panopticon1 was at this fair2 though he frequently spoke of one of his brothers1 who1 he said1 was a showman1 and who once gave a very large sum for an elephant1 and took a room at ,southwark ,fair1 with an intention of exhibiting it2 but the passage to this room1 added he1 was so narrow1 that though my poor brother 'got the beast into it1 a'never could get un out on't2 a' stuck in the middle on't and died6' ,so1 sir1 you sees my poor brother lost all his money4 ,ah6 he was a most unfortunate dog in everything he took in hand6 and so was ,i1 ,god knows4 ,ctera desunt4 #aad ,the late ,lord ,sandwich1 not very eminent for his reverence of the clerical habit1 being once in a company where there were a number of clergymen1 offered1 in a whisper1 to lay a considerable wager with the gentleman who sat next him1 that among the ten parsons there was not one ,prayer-book4 ,the wager was accepted1 and a mock dispute gave him occasion to ask for a ,prayer-book to decide it4 ,they had not one4--,he soon after privately offered to lay another wager with the same gentleman1 that among the ten parsons there was half a score corkscrews4 ,this also was accepted2 and the butler being previously instructed1 coming into the room with a bottle of claret and a broken corkscrew1 requested any gentleman to lend him one4 ,every priest who was present had a corkscrew in his pocket6 #aae ,of ,henley's absurdities we have heard much2 but they had their source in an adoption of that manner which he knew would be agreeable to his auditors1 rather than in ignorance4 ,the following circumstance proves he was a man of some humour3-- ,i never1 says a person who knew little about the doctor1 saw ,orator ,henley but once1 and that was at the ,grecian ,coffeehouse1 where a gentleman he was acquainted with coming in1 and seating himself in the same box1 the following dialogue passed between them3-- ,henley4 ,pray what is become of our old friend ,dick ,smith8 ,i have not seen him for several years4 ,gentleman4 ,i really don't know4 ,the last time ,i heard of him he was at ,ceylon1 or some of our settlements in the ,west ,indies4 ,henley 7with some surprise74 ,at ,ceylon1 or some of our settlements in the ,west ,indies6 ,my good sir1 in one sentence there are two mistakes4 ,ceylon is not one of our settlements1 it belongs to the ,dutch2 and it is situated1 not in the ,west1 but in the ,east ,indies4 ,gentleman 7with some heat74 ,that ,i deny6 ,henley4 ,more shame for you6 ,i will engage to bring a boy of eight years of age who will confute you4 ,gentleman 7in a cooler tone of voice74 ,well1--be it where it will1 ,i thank ,god ,i know very little about these sort of things4 ,henley4 ,what1 you thank ,god for your ignorance1 do you8 ,gentleman 7in a violent rage74 ,i do1 sir4 ,what then8 ,henley4 ,sir1 you have a great deal to be thankful for4 #aaf ,these lines are from ,banckes' ,poems1 p4 #hg1 in which a contracted copy of the print is placed as the headpiece of an epistle to the painter4 ,this good gentleman1 with true poetic vanity1 pathetically exclaims1 ,alas6 that pictures should decay2 ,that words alone can wit convey3 ,but words remain--,oh1 may this verse ,remain1 etc4 etc4 ,little did this rival of ,stephen ,duck imagine that the words which alone can wit convey1 would not have preserved his two volumes from the trunkmaker1 to whom every verse had been long since consigned1 had not this little print1 and another copy from the same artist1 sometimes induced a collector to purchase the volumes4 ,the concluding lines of his poem are not1 however1 so contemptible3 ,in vain we ransack ,rome and ,greece ,to match this ,conversation piece2 ,in vain our follies would advance ,the names of ,italy and ,france2 ,labour and art elsewere we see1 ,but native humour strong in thee2 ,in thee--but parallels are vain1 ,a great original remain4 ,go on to lash our reigning crimes1 ,and live the censor of the times4 #aag ,i once heard a freemason observe1 that this droning disciple of ,morpheus1 and the heavy politician on the opposite side1 were the ,jachin and ,boaz of the lodge4 #aah ,on the top of a shop-bill1 which contains a list of ,doctor ----1 ,i forget his name's1 wonderful and surprising cures1 performed by elixir of----1 ,i don't know what1 this descendant of ,sangrado has inserted a wooden print1 which displays a reduced copy of his sign4 ,it exhibits a half-length of much such a person as our antiquated beau1 with his hand in precisely the same situation4 ,this our quack very emphatically denominates the sign of the headache4 #aai ,those gentlemen who wish to enjoy ,the feast of reason and the flow of soul1 would find some use in adopting the old threadbare adage1 ,not more than the ,muses1 nor fewer than the ,graces4 ,poor ,mortimer the painter1 whose convivial talents were hardly to be paralleled1 had such a dislike to large companies1 that he used to say1 ,if he invited the twelve apostles to supper1 he would certainly take two evenings to receive them1 six being a sufficient number1 be the society ever so good4 #abj ,the preacher is said to be intended for a portrait of a ,doctor ,desaguliers4 #aba ,our clerk carries every appearance of being the schoolmaster of the hamlet4 ,he has much of that surly1 tyrannic dignity which frequently accompanies the character4 ,one of these gentlemen1 in a village distant from the capital1 having a disagreement with a neighbouring yeoman1 the farmer1 in his wrath1 called him an overbearing ,turk1 and an insignificant beast4 ,our haughty ,holofernes was irritated beyond description2 his rage choked his utterance3 he stalked home1 and wrote a poetical epistle to the rustic1 beginning with the lines which follow3-- ,god not a beast did make1 but me a man2 ,and not a ,turk1 but a true ,christian2 ,and by ,his grace ,i am a schoolmaster2 ,none of the meaner kind1 ,i dare aver4 #abb ,these moping birds1 being the worshippers of darkness consecrated to dulness1 closing their eyes against the light1 and holding their silent1 solitary reign in old buildings which are seldom trodden by human feet1 are with great propriety placed in this church4 ,the cross on an escutcheon in one of the windows is there placed to the memory of the learned and ,reverend ,ebenezer ,muzz2 who1 his epitaph declareth1 after painfullie labouring in this vineyard for one and fortie years1 now sleepeth with his fathers4 #abc ,an hour-glass is still placed on some of the pulpits in the provinces4 ,daniel ,burgess1 of whimsical memory1 never preached without one1 and he frequently saw it out three times during one sermon4 ,in a discourse which he once delivered at the conventicle in ,russel ,court1 against drunkenness1 some of his hearers began to yawn at the end of the second glass4 ,but ,daniel was not to be silenced by a yawn2 he turned his timekeeper1 and altering the tone of his voice1 desired they would be patient a while longer1 for he had much more to say upon the sin of drunkenness3 therefore1 added he1 my friends and brethren1 we will have another glass1--and then6 #abd ,doctor ,arbuthnot1 ,mr4 ,pope1 and the ,dean1 have united their talents to expose the anti-climax1 and selected innumerable conceits from the ponderous works of ,sir ,richard ,blackmore and others4 ,they have unkindly neglected their friend ,gay2 and yet ,blackmore's mowing the beard is not much worse than ,gay's shaving the grass3 ,when the fresh spring in all her state is crown'd1 ,and high luxuriant grass o'erspreads the ground1 ,the lab'rer with the bending scythe is seen ,shaving the surface of the waving green2 ,of all her native pride disrobes the land1 ,and meads lays waste before his sweeping hand4 --,gay's ,pastorals1 p4 #e1 l4 #ci1 etc4 #abe ,when ,i was very young1 ,i once paid a morning visit to a poet4 ,upon his table was ,byshe's ,art of ,poetry4 ,i naturally observed1 ,your manager of a puppet-show is more prudent than you are2 he keeps his wires out of sight4 ,so tremblingly alive are these valets to the ,muses1 that this good-natured hint1 which had its source in a wish to serve him1 was never forgiven4 #abf ,this excellent paper is now no more2 but our modern poets and poetesses have a still more extended channel in which to pour out their warm effusions4 ,reams of good white paper are daily metamorphosed1 and become magazines1 newspapers1 and1 though last mentioned1 not less in regard1 auctioneer's catalogues4 ,that the last named is as poetical as are the two former1 many examples might be adduced to prove4 ,one shall suffice1 and that one is so bespangled with beauteous metaphors1 that1 though neither in rhyme nor blank verse1 yet1 from its brilliancy of colouring and splendour of diction1 it must be classed amongst the most sublime compositions of our most sublime bards4 ,thus is a sale announced3--,particulars and conditions of sale of that elegant freehold villa called ,luxborough1 which will be sold on the #bfth of ,june #agfe1 together with the several farms that encompass the premises1 containing in the whole near six hundred acres of rich arable meadow1 pasture1 and woodland1 lying and being in an extensive vale1 whose surrounding acclivities are nobly clothed1 and1 rising in magnifique form1 exhibit luxuriant prospects of unequalled richness and beauty4 ,the pleasure-ground is comprised in a space of eleven acres1 encompassed with ha-ha6 and grub walls4 ,the elegant disposition of the ground is beautifully improved with vistas1 groves1 and plantations1 through which walks wind in extensive circuit4 ,store-ponds and elevated basons occupy the areas1 regale those fragrant coverts1 and afford a constant and inexhaustible supply of water for the house1 by means of lead pipes1 aqueducts1 etc4 ,nature1 propitious1 hath luxuriantly featured the circumadjacent grounds1 and art hath been judiciously introduced to give richness and effect4 ,the lawn swells with gentle rise and easy slopes2 clumps of trees are placed in pleasing irregularity2 a serpentine stream flows through the vale1 heightening the verdure of the divided pasture2 and the villages of ,chigwell1 ,woodford1 and ,woodford ,bridge1 dawn through that mass of prolific richness which fills the wide expanse4 #abg ,had the artist given this speaking countenance to the girl who is exhibited in the first print of the ,rake's ,progress1 how much more should we have been interested in her situation8 #abh ,when this was first published1 the following quotation from ,pope's ,dunciad was inscribed under the print3-- ,studious he sate1 with all his books around1 ,sinking from thought to thought1 a vast profound3 ,plung'd for his sense1 but found no bottom there2 ,then wrote and flounder'd on in mere despair4 ,all his books1 amounting to only four1 was1 ,i suppose1 the artist's reason for erasing the lines4 ,a reduced copy1 with some variations1 is placed as the headpiece of an ,epistle to ,alexander ,pope1 ,esq41 by ,mr4 ,banckes4 ,one of the variations is1 a cobweb over the grate4 ,if this good gentleman had consulted his own headpiece1 he would have recollected that1 as even a poet must sometimes eat1 and the poor bard had no other room1 or grate1 it was natural to think he must sometimes have a fire to dress his scanty meal4 ,in almost every other respect he is indeed a much more unaccommodated man than was ,stephen ,duck when he was a thresher4 ,duck1 having made some rhymes1 which for a thresher were deemed extraordinary1 was taken out of his barn1 furnished with a stock in trade1 and set up as a poet4 ,after that time he never wrote a stanza2 his ,muse forsook him2 he was haunted by the foul fiend1 and hanged or drowned himself1 because ,queen ,caroline1 who had made him a parson1 could not make him a bishop4 ,in one of the journals of the day1 dated ,june #cj1 #agcf1 ,i find written as follows3--,a handsome entertainment was this day given at ,charlton1 in ,wiltshire1 to the threshers of that village1 by the ,lord ,viscount ,palmerston1 who has given money to purchase a piece of land1 the produce of which is to be laid out in an annual entertainment1 on the #cjth of ,june1 for ever1 in commemoration of ,stephen ,duck1 who was a thresher at that place4 ,happy man6 patronized by the ,queen's ,majesty1 and ,so lov'd1 so honour'd1 in the ,house of ,lords6 #abi ,this unfortunate creature1 in the memory of many persons now living1 used to parade the streets of the metropolis with a hautboy1 which afforded him a precarious subsistence4 #acj ,he was brother to ,festin who led the band at ,ranelagh1 and has been dead about thirty years4 #aca ,what signifies1 says some one to ,dr4 ,johnson1 giving half-pence to common beggars8 they only lay them out in gin or tobacco4 ,and why1 replied the ,doctor1 should they be denied such sweeteners of their existence8 ,it is surely very savage to shut out from them every possible avenue to those pleasures reckoned too coarse for our own acceptance4 ,life is a pill which none of us can swallow without gilding2 yet for the poor we delight in stripping it still more bare1 and are not ashamed to show even visible marks of displeasure1 if ever the bitter taste is taken from their mouths4 #acb ,this is said to be a striking resemblance of that very great man4 ,for many years he attended ,covent ,garden market every morning4 #acc ,it has been said that this incomparable figure was designed as the representative of either a particular friend or a relation4 ,individual satire may be very gratifying to the public1 but is frequently fatal to the satirst4 ,churchill1 by the lines1 ,fam'd ,vine ,street1 ,where ,heaven1 the kindest wish of man to grant1 ,gave me an old house1 and an older aunt1 lost a considerable legacy2 and it is related that ,hogarth1 by the introduction of this withered votary of ,diana into this print1 induced her to alter a will which had been made considerably in his favour3 she was at first well enough satisfied with her resemblance1 but some designing people taught her to be angry4 #acd ,of this there is an enlarged copy1 which some of our collectors have ingeniously enough christened1 ,the ,half-,starved ,boy4 ,it bears the date of #agcj1 and is inscribed ,w4 ,h4 pinx4 ,f4 ,sykes sc4 ,sykes was the pupil of either ,sir ,james ,thornhill or ,hogarth1 and the #j might be intended for an #h or a #i2 but the aquafortis failing1 it appears to have an earlier date than the print from which it was copied4 ,if the date is right1 ,sykes undoubtedly copied it from a sketch of his master's1 which might then be unappropriated4 ,in any case1 it is too ridiculous to imagine for a moment that ,hogarth was a plagiary2 for supposing1 what is not very probable1 that his pupil was capable of delineating the figure1 he would scarcely have made the sketch without some concomitant circumstances to explain its meaning4 #ace ,i speak of the large print2 in the small copy1 which is inserted in this work1 they are properly placed4 #acf ,from what combination is this now made the sign for a colour shop8 #acg ,this boy is copied from a figure in a picture of ,the ,rape of the ,sabines1 by ,n4 ,poussin1 now in the collection of ,sir ,r4 ,hoare1 at ,stourhead4 #ach ,at that period there was a windmill at the bottom of ,rathbone ,place4 #aci ,mr4 ,nichols1 in his ,anecdotes4 #adj ,i have seen more than one modern impression with the hands and face tinged with red and blue4 ,those only are genuine which are printed in colours4 #ada ,to the memory of this great and public-spirited citizen ,i never saw any other memorial4 ,such a benefactor to the city ought to have had a statue of gold placed in the centre of the ,royal ,exchange4 ,he was a native of ,denbigh1 in ,north ,wales1 and a citizen and goldsmith of ,london4 ,though there were three ,acts of ,parliament empowering the freemen of ,london to cut through lands1 and bring a river from any part of ,middlesex or ,hertfordshire1 the project had always been considered as impracticable1 till ,sir ,hugh ,middleton undertook it4 ,he made choice of two springs1 one in the parish of ,amwell1 in ,hertfordshire1 the other near ,ware1 each of them about twenty miles from town4 ,having united their streams with immense labour and expense1 he conveyed them to ,london4 ,this most arduous and useful work was begun on the #bjth of ,february #afjh1 and brought into the reservoir1 at ,islington1 on ,michaelmas day1 #afac4 ,like many other projectors1 he ruined his private fortune by his public spirit4 ,king ,james ,i41 however1 created him a baronet2 and his descendants1 in lieu of a very considerable estate1 had the honour of being called ,sirs4 ,for the benefit of the poor members of the ,goldsmiths' ,company1 he left a share in his ,new ,river water2 and his portrait is still preserved in their hall4 ,the seventy-two shares into which this great liquid property was divided1 originally sold for one hundred pounds each1 and for thirty years afforded scarce any advantage to the proprietors4 ,in the year #aghj1 shares were sold at nine and ten thousand pounds each2 and their price is increasing in proportion to the increase of the dividends1 by which their value is regulated4 #adb ,on the resignation of ,mr4 ,horace ,walpole1 in ,february #agch1 ,de ,veil was appointed inspector-general of the imports and exports1 and was so severe against the retailers of spirituous liquors1 that one ,allen headed a gang of rioters for the purpose of pulling down his house1 and bringing to a summary punishment two informers who were there concealed4 ,allen was tried for this offence and acquitted upon the jury's verdict declaring him lunatic4 #adc ,on this spot once stood the cross erected by ,edward ,i4 as a memorial of affection for his beloved ,queen ,eleanor1 whose remains were here rested on their way to the place of sepulture4 ,it was formed from a design by ,cavalini1 and destroyed by the religious fury of the ,reformers4 ,in its place1 in the year #afgh1 was erected the animated equestrian statue which now remains4 ,it was cast in brass1 in the year #afcc1 by ,le ,sur2 ,i think by order of that munificent encourager of the arts1 ,thomas ,howard1 ,earl of ,arundel4 ,the ,parliament ordered it to be sold1 and broken to pieces2 but ,john ,river1 the brazier who purchased it1 having more taste than his employers1 seeing1 with the prophetic eye of good sense1 that the powers which were would not remain rulers very long1 dug a hole in his garden1 in ,holborn1 and buried it unmutilated4 ,to prove his obedience to their order1 he produced to his masters several pieces of brass1 which he told them were parts of the statue4 ,m4 de ,archenholtz adds further1 that the brazier1 with the true spirit of trade1 cast a great number of handles for knives and forks1 and offered them for sale1 as composed of the brass which had formed the statue4 ,they were eagerly sought for1 and purchased1--by the loyalists from affection to their murdered monarch1 by the other party as trophies of the triumph of liberty over tyranny4 #add ,doctor ,arne1 in one instance1 seemed to think that they should still continue so4 ,having composed a very dull opera1 and the town disapproving and consigning it to a merited oblivion1 the ,doctor asked ,foote what was his opinion of it2 for1 added he1 ,i really think there is a great deal of good in it4 ,there is1 my dear fellow1 replied the wit2 there is a great deal too much good in it2 but1 setting aside its goodness and piety1 there never was anything more justly damned since damning came into fashion4 #ade ,there may be those who will object to a banner flouting the sky in a barn2 let such consider that the roof is not above half thatched1 and their objections will vanish4 ,these breaches in the roof will throw a new light upon the line4 #adf ,let not this humble situation be considered with contempt4 ,in the reign of ,queen ,elizabeth1 the loyal inhabitants of ,shrewsbury1 expecting that her ,majesty would pass through their town in one of her northern perambulations1 prepared to entertain her with a play1 which was to have been performed in a dry marl pit in the quarry2 but the ,queen's highness did not come4 #adg ,this gentlewoman has generally been considered as intended for the ghost3 from her employment1 ,i rather think she is the representative of tragedy3 ,death in her hand1 and murder in her eye4 ,the sage ,melpomene herself could not go through the business with more philosophic indifference4 #adh ,by the halter near them1 it may be conjectured that these balls were intended to represent bullets1 and designed to hint that some one of this noble company might on a leisure evening1 in humble imitation of the heroic ,captain ,machcath1 endeavour to turn his lead to gold2 and1 like that very great man1 be in consequent danger of making an exit with a rope round his neck4 #adi ,we are told by ,john ,milton1 that cannon were invented by the devil4 ,we are told by ,alexander ,pope1 that stage thunder was invented by that great critic ,john ,dennis2 and so jealous was ,dennis of his bolt being wielded by an improper hand1 that being once in the pit at ,drury ,lane ,theatre1 when the company were performing ,macbeth1 he1 on hearing the bowls rattling over his head1 started from his seat1 grasped his oaken stick1 and exclaimed1 with an emphasis that drowned the voices of the players1 ,eternal curses light on these scoundrels6 they have stolen my thunder1 and don't know how to roll it6 #aej ,our royal theatres have sometimes neglected and violated the costume4 ,we have seen the head of ,cato covered with a periwig that emulated ,sir ,cloudesley ,shovel's2 a ,prince of ,denmark decorated with the order of ,st4 ,george2 ,othello habited as a captain of the foot guards2 and ,kent1 the tough old ,kent1 as a ,chelsea pensioner4 #aea ,in the second act of ,oedipus is the following stage direction3--,the cloud draws that veiled the heads of the figures in the sky1 and shows them crowned with the names of ,oedipus and ,jocasta written above1 in great characters of gold4 #aeb ,that these representatives of royalty sometimes meet with such accidents1 appears by the following letter from a late lecturer upon heads1 at a time when he belonged to a company of comedians at ,yarmouth3-- ,,yarmouth ,,gaol1 #bgth ,may #agfa4 ,,sir1--,when ,i parted from you at ,lincoln1 ,i thought long before now to have met with some oddities worth acquainting you with4 ,it is grown a fashion of late to write lives3 ,i now1 and for a long time1 have had leisure sufficient to undertake mine1 but want materials for the latter part of it2 for my existence now cannot properly be called living1 but what the painters term still life1 having ever since ,march #acth been confined in this town gaol for a ,london debt4 ,as the hunted deer is always shunned by the happier herd1 so am ,i deserted by the company1 my share taken off1 and no support left me except what my wife can spare out of hers3 ',deserted1 in my utmost need1 ,by those my former bounties fed4' ,with an economy which till now ,i was ever a stranger to1 ,i have made a shift hitherto to victual my little garrison2 but then it has been by the assistance of some good friends2 and1 alas6 my clothes furnish me this week with my last resort2 the next1 ,i must atone for my errors upon bread and water4 ,themistocles had many towns to furnish his tables1 and a whole city had the charge of his meals4 ,in some respects ,i am like him1 for ,i am fed by the labours of a multitude4 ,a wig has kept me two days2 the trimmings of a waistcoat as long2 a ruffled shirt has paid my washer-woman2 a pair of velvet breeches discharged my lodgings2 my coat ,i swallow by degrees1 the sleeves ,i breakfasted upon for three days1 the body1 skirts1 etc4 served me as long2 and two pair of pumps enabled me to smoke several pipes4 ,you would be surprised to think how my appetite1 barometer-like1 rises in proportion as my necessities make their terrible advances4 ,i here could say something droll about a good stomach1 but it is ill jesting with edged tools1 and ,i am sure that is the sharpest thing about me4 ,you may1 perhaps1 think ,i am lost to all sense of my condition1 that while ,i am thus wretched ,i should offer at ridicule2 but1 ,sir1 people constitutioned like me1 with a disproportionable levity of spirits1 are always most merry when most miserable1 and quicken like the eyes of the consumptive1 which are brightest the nearer the patient approaches his dissolution4 ,but to show you that ,i am not lost to all reflection1 ,i here think myself poor enough to want a favour1 and humble enough to ask it4 ,then1 ,sir1 ,i could draw an encomium on your good sense1 humanity1 etc4 etc42 but ,i will not pay so bad a compliment to your understanding as to endeavour by a parade of phrases to win it over to my interest4 ,if at the concert you could make a gathering for me1 it would be a means of obtaining my liberty4 ,you well know1 ,sir1 the first people of rank abroad perform the most friendly offices for the sick2 be not therefore offended at the request of the unfortunate4 ,,george ,,alexander ,,stevens4 #aec ,on the spirited style in which the late ,miss ,catley1 of melodious memory1 performed this character1 the following lines were written2 but ,i do not recollect having seen them printed3-- ,hail1 vulgar goddess of the foul-mouth'd race6 7,if modest bard may hail without offence71 ,on whose majestic1 blush-disdaining face1 ,the steady hand of ,fate wrote--,,impudence6 ,hail to thy dauntless front1 and aspect bold6 ,thrice hail6 magnificent1 immortal scold6 ,the goddess1 from the upper gallery's height1 ,with heedful look the jealous fishwife eyes2 ,though early train'd to urge the mouthing fight1 ,she hears thy bellowing powers with new surprise2 ,returns instructed to the realms that bore her1 ,adopts thy tones1 and carries all before her4 ,from thee the roaring ,bacchanalian crew1 ,in many a tavern round the ,garden known1 ,learn richer blackguard than they ever knew3 ,they catch thy look1--they copy every tone2 ,they ape the brazen honours of thy face1 ,and push the jorum with a double grace4 ,thee from his box the macaroni eyes2 ,with levell'd tube he takes his distant stand1 ,trembling beholds the horrid storm arise1 ,and feels for reinhold when you raise your hand2 ,at distance he enjoys the boisterous scene1 ,and thanks his ,god the pit is plac'd between4 ,so1 'midst the starry honours of the night1 ,the sage explores a comet's fiery course2 ,fearful he views its wild eccentric flight1 ,and shudders at its overwhelming force3 ,at distance safe he marks the glaring ray1 ,thankful his world is not within its way4 ,proceed then1 ,catley1 in thy great career1 ,and nightly let our maidens hear and see1 ,the sweetest voice disgust the listening ear1 ,the sweetest form assume deformity3 ,thus shalt thou arm them with their best defence1 ,and teach them modesty by impudence4 #aed ,the late ,lord ,orrery was a singularly formal character4 ,sir ,anthony ,branville1 in ,the ,discovery1 was intended for his portrait1 and exhibits a strong likeness4 ,it was sometimes the wish of ,mr4 ,garrick to play upon the suavity of this old nobleman1 and induce him to contradict himself4 ,this power he exerted very successfully on the following occasion3--,lord ,orrery wrote a letter from ,ireland to ,mr4 ,garrick1 requesting that ,mossop might be engaged4 ,the request of a man of rank was1 to the manager of ,drury ,lane1 a command1 and ,mossop was engaged4 ,when1 some months afterwards1 the peer came to ,england1 he took an early opportunity of breakfasting with ,mr4 ,garrick3 the moment he entered the room1 he began his favourite subject4 ,orrery4 ,david1 ,i congratulate you3 ,i inquire not about the success of your theatre2 with yourself and ,mossop1 it must be triumphant4 ,the ,percy and the ,douglas both in arms1 have a right to be confident4 ,separate1 you were two bright luminaries2 united1 you are a constellation--the ,gemini of the theatric hemisphere4 ,excepting yourself1 my dear ,david1 no man that ever trod on tragic ground has so forcibly exhibited the various passions that agitate1 and ,i may say agonize1 the human mind4 ,he makes that broad stroke at the heart which1 being aimed by the hand of nature1 reaches the prince or the peasant1 the peer or the plebeian4 ,he is not the mere player of fashion2 for the player of fashion1 ,david1 may be compared to a man tossed in a blanket3 the very instant his supporters quit their hold of the coverlet1 down drops the hero of the day4 ,however1 as general assertions do not carry conviction1 ,i will arrange my opinions under different heads1 not doubting your assent to my declarations1 which shall be founded on facts1 and built upon experience4 ,first of the first1--his voice2 his voice is the vox argentea of the ancients1 the silver tone1 of which so much has been written1 but which never struck upon a modern ear till ,mossop spoke1--'then mute attention reigned4' ,garrick4 ,why1 my ,lord1 as to his voice1 ,i must acknowledge that it is loud enough2 the severest critic cannot accuse him of whispering his part2 for1 egad1 it was so sonorous1 that the people had no occasion to come into the theatre3 they used to go to the pastrycook's shop in ,russel ,court1 and eat their custards1 and hear him as well as if they had been in the orchestra3 'he made the welkin echo to the sound4' ,no one could doubt the goodness of his lungs1 or accuse him of sparing them2 but as to-- ,orrery4 ,what6 you have found out that he roars6 you have discovered that he bellows6--,upon my soul1 ,david1 you are right2 he bellows like a bull4 ,we used to call him ',bull ,mossop'--',mossop the ,bull2'--we had no better name for him in the country4 ,but then1 ,david1 his eye is an eye of fire2 and when he looks1 he looks unutterable things3 it is scarce necessary that he should speak1 for his eye conveys everything that he means1 and excepting your own1 ,david1 is the brightest1 most expressive1 most speaking eye1 that ever beamed in a-- ,garrick4 ,why1 my ,lord1 with the utmost submission to your ,lordship1 from whose accurate taste and comprehensive judgment ,i tremble to differ1--does not your ,lordship think there is a--a--a dull kind of heaviness1--a blanket1 a-- ,orrery4 ,what6 you have discovered that he is blind8--,egad1 ,david1 whatever his eye may be1 nothing can escape yours4 ,he is as blind as a beetle4 ,there is an opacity1 a stare without sight1 a sort of filminess1 exactly as you describe4 ,but1 notwithstanding ,i allow that he bellows like a bull1 and is blind as a beetle1 his memory has such peculiar tenacity1 that whatever he once receives adheres to it like glue6 he does not forget a syllable of his part4 ,garrick4 ,upon my honour1 my ,lord1 if his memory was what you describe in ,ireland1 he must have forgot to bring it with him to ,london2 for here1 the prompter is obliged to repeat every sentence1 and a whole sentence he cannot retain3 there is absolutely a necessity for splitting it into parts4 ,orrery4 ,what6 you have found that his head runs out4 ,upon my soul1 it never would hold anything3 ,lady ,orrery used to call him ',cullender ,mossop'--,mossop the ,cullender3' the fellow could not remember a common distich4 ,but1 notwithstanding this1 his carriage is so easy1 his air so gentleman-like1 his deportment has so much fashion1 that you perceive at a glance he has kept the best company2 and no one who sees him conceives him a player4 ,he looks like one of our house3 he has the port of nobility4 ,garrick4 ,as to his port1 my ,lord1 ,i grant you that the man is tall1 and upright enough2 but with submission1 the utmost submission to your ,lordship's better judgment1 don't you think there is an awkwardness1 a rigid1 vulgar1 unbending sort of a--a--4 ,we had fencing masters1 dancing masters1 and drill sergeants1 but all would not do2 he looked more like a tailor than a gentleman4 ,orrery4 ,what6 you think that he is stiff8 ,by the ,lord1 ,david1 you are right1--nothing escapes you3 he is stiff--stiff as a poker3 we used to call him ',poker ,mossop2'--we had no better name for him in the country4 ,but however his body might want 7as ,i must acknowledge it did7 the graceful1 easy bend of the ,antinous1 his mind was formed of the most yielding and flexible materials3 any advice which you gave him1 he would take2 from you1 ,i am persuaded1 a hint was sufficient4 ,garrick4 ,why1 in this1 my ,lord1 ,i must be bold enough to differ from you in the most pointed and positive terms2 for of all the obstinate1 headstrong1 and unmanageable animals ,i ever dealt with1 he is the most stubborn1 the most untractable1 the most wrongheaded4 ,i never knew one instance where he followed my instructions in any the smallest degree4 ,if ,i recommend him to dress a character plain1 he comes upon the stage like a gingerbread king2 if ,i advise him to be splendid in his apparel1 he endeavours to get a ,quaker's habit from the keeper of our wardrobe2 and in everything1 he--more than ,i thought belonged to human nature--had that impenetrable1 that--that--that-- ,orrery4 ,so6--you think him obstinate8 ,upon my soul he is--as obstinate as a pig2 he has more of that animal's pertinacity than any man ,i ever knew in my life4 ,but yet1 ,david1 with all these faults1 he is--,i have not time to enter into particulars4--,be what he will1 you have engaged him8 ,i sincerely wish you may agree together1 and am1 my dear fellow1 your most obedient4 ,say no more4--,farewell4--,to ,mrs4 ,garrick present my compliments4 #aee ,in an ode to the memory of ,le-,stue1 cook to the late ,duke of ,newcastle1 this was whimsically parodied by a ,mr4 ,shaw1 the writer of a monody addressed to ,lord ,lyttleton3 ,when ,philip's fam'd1 all-conquering son1 ,had every blood-stain'd laurel won1 ,he sigh'd that his creative word1 ,like that which rules the skies1 ,could not bid other nations rise1 ,to glut his yet unsated sword4 ,but when ,le-,stue's unrivall'd spoon1 ,like ,alexander's sword1 with flesh had done1 ,he heav'd no sigh1 he made no moan2 ,not limited to human kind1 ,to fire his wonder-teeming mind1 ,he rais'd ragouts and olios of his own4 #aef ,when a gentleman1 whose industry and integrity have raised him to the rank of an ,alderman of ,london1 was apprentice1 he one ,sunday afternoon took a walk with several of his friends to ,islington4 ,considering smoking as a manly accomplishment1 he put a pipe in his mouth4 ,a respectable citizen who knew his master1 meeting him in the fields1 with a grave face accosted him as follows3 ,how now1 ,tom6 smoking tobacco6 pray who was your teacher8 ,if you mean to be rich1 unlearn it as fast as you can1 for ,i never knew a man worth a guinea who stuck a pipe in his mouth before he was twenty4 ,the d--l you did not1 replied the boy1 then ,i will never smoke another4 ,he dashed his clay tube to the ground1 and adhered to his resolution4 #aeg ,the sign by which this circumstance is intimated was at first inscribed ,,goodchild and ,,west4 ,some of ,mr4 ,hogarth's city friends informing him that it was usual for the senior partner's name to precede1 it was altered4 #aeh ,madame ,pompadour1 in her remarks on the ,english taste for music1 says they are invariably fond of everything that is full in the mouth4 #aei ,the inscription must remind every reader of ,pope's lines1-- ,where ,london's column1 pointing to the skies1 ,like a tall bully rears its head1 and lies1 etc4 ,the ,duke of ,buckingham's epigram on this magnificent pillar is not so generally known3 ,here stand ,i1 ,the ,lord knows why2 ,but if ,i fall-- ,have at ye all6 #afj ,to mark the midnight hour1 each of the watches is a quarter after twelve4 #afa ,this reverend gentleman is said to be intended for ,mr4 ,platell1 once curate of ,barnet4 #afb ,a copy of this figure on a larger scale is engraved by ,mr4 ,bartolozzi4 #afc ,the following whimsical notice1 written by a believer in transmigration1 was a few years ago sent to several country gentlemen1 accompanied with a request that the contents might1 if possible1 be communicated to all the fish and fowl1 birds and beasts1 in their respective manors3-- ,a ,,warning ,,to ,,birds1 ,,beasts1 ,,and ,,fishes4 ,bustards1 pheasants1 woodcocks1 widgeons1 ,wild-ducks1 plovers1 snipes1 and pigeons2 ,every fowl of every sort1 ,to your native haunts resort4 ,turbot1 salmon1 herring1 soles1 ,plunge into your native holes4 ,bucks1 and does1 and hares1 and fawns1 ,speed ye to your native lawns4 ,each to your closest covers haste6 ,beware6 beware the man of taste6 ,all that can escape1 away6 ,you're surely slaughter'd1 if you stay1 ,for ,monday next is ,lord ,mayor's day4 #afd ,this scene is laid in the cellar of a house near ,water ,lane1 ,fleet ,street1 then known by the name of the ,blood ,bowl ,house2 which curious appellation was given it from the various scenes of riot and murder which were there perpetrated4 #afe ,this has been supposed to be intended for the same prostitute whom we have before seen exhibited in a garret and a night-cellar3 ,i do not discover the least resemblance4 #aff ,i have been told that the dealers in perjury at ,westminster ,hall1 as well as the ,old ,bailey1 consider this little circumstance as a complete salvo for false swearing4 #afg ,a solemn exhortation was formerly given to the prisoners appointed to die at ,tyburn1 in their way from ,newgate4 ,mr4 ,robert ,dow1 merchant tailor1 who died in #afab1 left #a1 #fs4 #h;d4 yearly for ever1 that the bellman should deliver to the unhappy criminals1 as they went by in the cart1 a most pious and awful admonition4 ,an admonition of the same nature was read in the prison of ,newgate the night before they suffered4 #afh ,a man that some persons now living may remember by the name of ,tiddy ,doll4 #afi ,notwithstanding the boasted humanity of our laws1 ,i am told more criminals are annually executed in this little island than in all ,europe besides4 #agj ,i believe it was customary to despatch a second pigeon at the moment the criminal suffered4 #aga ,numerous as are the executions1 they are not sufficient for the anatomical students4 ,it is not more than four or five years since one of those necessary assistants to the art of chirurgery1 called resurrection men1 being employed in his vocation of stealing a dead body from a churchyard in the neighbourhood of ,london1 was discovered by a patrole1 and shot in the grave4 ,to prevent his employer being disappointed of a subject1 and to show her reverence for that art which her husband had lost his life in endeavouring to improve1 and save the idle expense of a funeral1 his afflicted widow1 with the fondness of an ,ephesian matron1 three days afterwards sold the body of her murdered lord for sixteen shillings1 to the very surgeon in whose service he had suffered6 #agb ,when ,oliver ,cromwell1 attended by ,thurlow1 once went to dine in the city1 the populace rent the air with their gratulations4 ,your highness1 said the secretary1 may see by this that you have the voice of the people as well as the voice of ,god4--,as to ,god1 replied the ,protector1 ,i will not talk about ,him here2 but for the people1 they would be more noisy1 and more joyful too1 if you and ,i were going to be hanged4 #agc ,he is somewhat like a porter butt1 with a head on it4 ,in the ,straits of ,thermopyl he would have been pressed to death2 but dead1 he might stop a breach better than a better man4 #agd ,in the second volume of ,wood's ,body of ,conveyancing1 p4 #ahj1 is a ,london lease2 one of the clauses gives a right to the landlord and his friends to stand in the balcony during the time of the shows or pastimes upon the day commonly called the ,lord ,mayor's ,day4 #age ,in the ,general ,advertiser for ,march #i1 #agdh-di1 it was thus announced3 ,this day is published1 price #es41 a ,print1 designed and engraved by ,mr4 ,hogarth1 representing a ,,prodigy which lately appeared before the gate of ,calais1 ',o the ,roast ,beef of ,old ,england6' ,to be had at the ,golden ,head in ,leicester ,square1 and at the print-shops4 #agf ,at this election a man was placed on a bulk1 with a figure representing a child in his arms3 as he whipped it1 he exclaimed1 ,what1 you little child1 must you be a member8 ,this election being disputed1 it appeared from the register book of the parish where ,lord ,castlemain was born1 that he was but twenty years of age when he offered himself a candidate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,season #ahgd4 ,illustration ,a ,,list ,,of ,,books ,,published ,,by ,,chatto ,,windus 7,successors to ,john ,camden ,hotten71 #gd #ge1 ,,piccadilly1 ,,london1 ,w4 ,,the ,,famous ,,fraser ,,portraits4 ,,maclise',s ,,gallery ,,of ,,illustrious ,,literary ,,characters4 ,with ,notes by the late ,,william ,,maginn1 ,,ll4,d4 ,edited1 with copious ,notes1 by ,,william ,,bates1 ,b4,a41 ,professor of ,classics in ,queen's ,college1 ,birmingham4 ,the volume contains the whole #hc ,,splendid ,,and ,,most ,,characteristic ,,portraits1 now first issued in a complete form4 ,in demy #dto1 over #djj pages1 cloth gilt and gilt edges1 #cas4 #f;d42 or1 in morocco elegant1 #gjs4 ,what a truly charming book of pictures and prose1 the quintessence1 as it were1 of ,maclise and ,maginn1 giving the very form and pressure of their literary time1 would this century of illustrious characters make4--,notes and ,queries4 ,illustration ,,the ,,prince ,,of ,,caricaturists4 ,,the ,,works ,,of ,,james ,,gillray1 ,the ,caricaturist1 ,with the ,story of his ,life and ,times1 and full and ,anecdotal ,descriptions of his ,engravings4 ,edited by ,,thos4 ,,wright1 ,esq41 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,illustrated with #ij full-page ,plates1 and about #djj ,wood ,engravings4 ,demy #dto1 #fjj pages1 cloth extra1 #cas4 #f;d42 or1 in morocco elegant1 #gjs4 ,,beautiful ,,pictures ,,by ,,british ,,artists4 ,a ,gathering of ,favourites from our ,picture ,galleries1 #ahjj-ahgj4 ,by ,,wilkie1 ,,constable1 ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner1 ,,mulready1 ,sir ,,edwin ,,landseer1 ,,maclise1 ,,leslie1 ,e4 ,m4 ,,ward1 ,,frith1 ,sir ,,john ,,gilbert1 ,,ansdell1 ,,marcus ,,stone1 ,sir ,,noel ,,paton1 ,,eyre ,,crowe1 ,,faed1 ,,madox ,,brown4 ,all ,engraved in the highest style of ,art4 ,with ,notices of the ,artists by ,,sydney ,,armytage1 ,m4,a4 ,a ,new ,edition4 ,imperial #dto1 cloth gilt and gilt edges1 #bas42 or1 in morocco elegant1 #fes4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,beautiful ,,pictures4 ,,court ,,beauties ,,of ,,the ,,reign ,,of ,,charles ,,ii4 ,from the ,originals in the ,royal ,gallery at ,windsor1 by ,sir ,,peter ,,lely4 ,engraved in the highest style of ,art by ,,thomson1 ,,wright1 ,,scriven1 ,b4 ,,holl1 ,,wagstaff1 and ,t4 ,a4 ,,deane4 ,with ,memoirs by ,mrs4 ,,jameson1 ,author of ,legends of the ,madonna4 ,new and sumptuous ,presentation ,edition4 ,imp4 #dto1 cloth gilt and gilt edges1 #bas42 or1 in morocco elegant1 #fes4 ,this truly beautiful and splendid production is equally a gem among the ,fine ,arts and in ,literature4--,quarterly ,review4 ,,companion ,,to ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,signboards4 ,advertising3 its ,history1 in all ,ages and ,countries1 with many very ,amusing ,anecdotes and ,examples of ,successful ,advertisers4 ,crown #hvo1 with numerous ,illustrations1 coloured and plain1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,in preparation4 ,,are ,,you ,,engaged8 ,,if ,,so1 ,,get ,advice to ,parties ,about to ,marry4 ,a ,series of ,instructions in ,jest and ,earnest4 ,by the ,hon4 ,,hugh ,,rowley4 ,with ,humorous ,illustrations4 ,price #cs4 #f;d41 elegantly bound1 and enclosed in tinted wrapper1 beautifully scented by ,,rimmel4 ,illustration 999999 ,before taking the awful plunge be sure to consult this little work4 ,if it is not a guarantee against life-long misery1 it will at least be found of great assistance in selecting a partner for life4 ,american ,happy ,thoughts4 ,the finest collection of ,american ,humour ever made4 ,foolscap #hvo1 illustrated covers1 #as4 ,preparing4 ,anacreon4 ,illustrated by the ,exquisite ,designs of ,,girodet4 ,translated by ,,thomas ,,moore4 ,bound in vellum cloth and ,etruscan gold1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,a beautiful and captivating volume4 ,the well-known ,paris house1 ,firmin ,didot1 a few years since produced a miniature edition of these exquisite designs by photography1 and sold a large number at #b per copy4 ,the ,designs have been universally admired by both artists and poets4 ,armorial ,register of the ,order of the ,garter1 from ,edward ,,iii1 to the ,present ,time4 ,the several ,shields beautifully emblazoned in ,gold and ,colours from the ,original ,stall ,plates in ,st4 ,george's ,chapel1 ,windsor4 ,all emblazoned by hand4 ,a sumptuous volume1 bound in crimson morocco1 gilt1 #bj4 ,,artemus ,,ward',s ,,works4 ,artemus ,ward1 ,complete4 ,the ,works of ,,charles ,,farrer ,,browne1 better known as ,,artemus ,,ward1 now first collected4 ,crown #hvo1 with fine ,portrait1 facsimile of handwriting1 c41 #edj pages1 cloth neat1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,comprises all that the humourist has written in ,england or ,america4 ,admirers of ,artemus ,ward will be glad to possess his writings in a complete form4 ,artemus ,ward's ,lecture at the ,egyptian ,hall1 with the ,panorama4 ,edited by the late ,t4 ,w4 ,,robertson1 ,author of ,caste1 c41 and ,e4 ,p4 ,,hingston4 ,small #dto1 exquisitely printed1 bound in green and gold1 with ,,numerous ,,tinted ,,illustrations1 #fs4 ,artemus ,ward3 his ,book4 ,with ,notes and ,introduction by the ,editor of the ,biglow ,papers4 ,one of the wittiest books published for many years4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,the ,saturday ,review says3--,the author combines the powers of ,thackeray with those of ,albert ,smith4 ,the salt is rubbed in by a native hand--one which has the gift of tickling4 ,artemus ,ward3 his ,travels among the ,mormons and on the ,rampage4 ,edited by ,e4 ,p4 ,,hingston1 the ,agent and ,companion of ,a4 ,,ward whilst on the ,rampage4 ,new ,edition1 price #as4 999999 ,some of ,artemus's most mirth-provoking papers are to be found in this book4 ,the chapters on the ,mormons will unbend the sternest countenance4 ,as bits of fun they are ,,immense6 ,artemus ,ward's ,letters to ,punch1 ,among the ,witches1 and other ,sketches4 ,cheap ,popular ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 in illustrated cover1 #as42 or1 #afmo1 bound in cloth extra1 #bs4 999999 ,the volume contains1 in addition1 some quaint and humorous compositions which were found upon the author's table after his decease4 ,artemus ,ward among the ,fenians3 with the ,showman's ,experiences of ,life at ,washington1 and ,military ,ardour at ,baldinsville4 ,toned paper1 price #f;d4 ,army ,lists of the ,roundheads and ,cavaliers in the ,civil ,war1 #afdb4 ,second ,edition1 ,considerably ,enlarged and ,corrected4 ,edited1 with ,notes1 by ,,edward ,,peacock1 ,f4,s4,a4 #dto1 half-,roxburghe1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,very interesting to ,antiquaries and ,genealogists4 ,the ,art of ,amusing4 ,a ,collection of ,graceful ,arts1 ,games1 ,tricks1 ,puzzles1 and ,charades1 intended to amuse everybody1 and enable all to amuse everybody else4 ,by ,,frank ,,bellew4 ,with nearly #cjj ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,one of the most entertaining handbooks of amusements ever published4 ,awful ,crammers4 ,a ,new ,american ,joke ,book4 ,edited by ,,titus ,a4 ,,brick1 ,author of ,shaving ,them4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 with numerous curious ,illustrations1 #as4 ,a ,,fine ,,edition is also published1 in crown #hvo1 printed on toned paper1 and bound in cloth gilt1 at #cs4 #f;d4 ,rarer than the phnix is the virtuous man who will consent to lose a good anecdote because it isn't true4--,,de ,,quincy4 ,illustration ,babies and ,ladders3 ,essays on ,things in ,general4 ,by ,,emmanuel ,,kink4 ,a ,new ,work of ,irresistible ,humour 7not ,american71 which has excited considerable attention4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 with numerous ,vignettes by ,w4 ,s4 ,,gilbert and others1 #as4 ,bayard ,taylor's ,diversions of the ,echo ,club4 ,a ,delightful ,volume of ,refined ,literary ,humour4 ,in #afmo1 paper cover1 with ,portrait of the ,author1 #as4 #f;d42 cloth extra1 #bs4 ,illustration ,,uniform ,,with ,,mr4 ,,ruskin',s ,,edition ,,of ,,grimm4 ,bechstein's ,as ,pretty as ,seven1 and other ,popular ,german ,stories4 ,collected by ,,ludwig ,,bechstein4 ,with ,additional ,tales by the ,brothers ,,grimm1 #ajj ,illustrations by ,,richter4 ,small #dto1 green and gold1 #fs4 #f;d42 gilt edges1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,one of the most delightful books for children ever published4 ,it is1 in every way1 a ,companion to the ,german ,stories of the ,brothers ,grimm1 and the tales are equally pure and healthful4 ,the quaint simplicity of ,richter's engravings will charm every lover of legendary lore4 ,the ,biglow ,papers4 ,by ,,james ,,russell ,,lowell4 ,the ,best ,edition1 with full ,glossary1 of these extraordinary ,verses4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,our ,,rabelais4 ,boccaccio's ,decameron4 ,now fully translated into ,english1 with ,introduction by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,crown #hvo1 with the ,,beautiful ,,engravings by ,,stothard which adorned ,pickering's fine ,edition1 published at #b #abs4 #f;d4 ,this ,new ,edition is only #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,a faithful translation1 in which are restored many passages omitted in former ,editions4 ,book of ,hall-,marks2 or1 ,manual of ,reference for the ,goldsmith and ,silversmith4 ,by ,,alfred ,,lutschaunig1 ,manager of the ,liverpool ,assay ,office4 ,crown #hvo1 with #df ,plates of the ,hall-,marks of the different ,assay ,towns of the ,united ,kingdom1 as now stamped on ,plate and ,jewellery1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,this work gives practical methods for testing the quality of gold and silver4 ,it was compiled by the author for his own use1 and as a ,supplement to ,chaffers4 ,booksellers1 ,a ,history of4 ,a ,work giving full ,accounts of the ,great ,publishing ,houses and their ,founders1 both in ,london and the ,provinces1 the ,history of their ,rise and ,progress1 and descriptions of the special class of ,literature dealt in by each4 ,crown #hvo1 over #ejj pages1 with frontispiece and numerous ,portraits and ,illustrations1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,in these days1 ten ordinary ,histories of ,kings and ,courtiers were well exchanged against the tenth part of one good ,history of ,booksellers4--,,thomas ,,carlyle4 ,booth's ,epigrams3 ,ancient and ,modern1 ,humorous1 ,witty1 ,satirical1 ,moral1 and ,panegyrical4 ,edited by the ,rev4 ,,john ,,booth1 ,b4,a4 ,a ,new ,edition4 ,pott #hvo1 cloth gilt1 #fs4 ,illustration3 ,is our civilization a failure1 or is the ,caucasian played out8 ,,bret ,,harte',s ,,works4 ,widely known for their ,exquisite ,pathos and ,delightful ,humour4 ,bret ,harte's ,complete ,works1 in ,prose and ,poetry4 ,now ,first ,collected4 ,with ,introductory ,essay by ,j4 ,m4 ,,bellew1 ,portrait of the ,author1 and #ej ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 #fej pages1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,bret ,harte's ,luck of ,roaring ,camp1 and other ,stories4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,bret ,harte's ,that ,heathen ,chinee1 and other ,humorous ,poems4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 #f;d4 ,bret ,harte's ,sensation ,novels ,condensed4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 #f;d4 999999 ,a most enjoyable book1 only surpassed1 in its special class1 by ,thackeray's ,burlesque ,novels4 ,bret ,harte's ,lothaw2 or1 ,the ,adventures of a ,young ,gentleman in ,search of a ,religion4 ,by ,mr4 ,,benjamins 7,bret ,harte74 ,price #f;d4 ,curiously ,illustrated4 ,bret ,harte's ,east and ,west4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,bret ,harte's ,stories of the ,sierras1 and other ,sketches4 ,with a ,wild ,story of ,western ,life by ,,joaquin ,,miller1 ,author of ,songs of the ,sierras4 ,illustrated cover1 #as4 ,,new ,,editions ,,of ,,sir ,,david ,,brewster',s ,,works4 ,brewster's ,more ,worlds than ,one1 the ,creed of the ,philosopher and the ,hope of the ,christian4 ,eleventh ,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 very neat1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,brewster's ,martyrs of ,science3 ,galileo1 ,tycho ,brahe1 ,kepler4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 very neat1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,brewster's ,the ,kaleidoscope ,practically ,described4 ,crown #hvo1 with numerous ,illustrations1 cloth1 very neat1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,brewster's ,the ,stereoscope ,practically ,described4 ,crown #hvo1 numerous ,illustrations1 cloth neat1 #ds4 #f;d4 999999 ,this was the great philosopher's last contribution to practical science4 ,bright's 7,rt4 ,hon4 ,j41 ,m4,p47 ,speeches on ,public ,affairs of the last ,twenty ,years4 ,collated with the best ,public ,reports4 ,royal #afmo1 #cgj pages1 cloth extra1 #as4 999999 ,a book of special interest at the present time1 and wonderfully cheap4 ,,colman',s ,,humorous ,,works4 ,broad ,grins4 ,my ,nightgown and ,slippers1 and other ,humorous ,works1 ,prose and ,poetical1 of ,,george ,,colman the ,younger4 ,now first collected1 with ,life and ,anecdotes of the ,author1 by ,,george ,b4 ,,buckstone4 ,crown #hvo1 #ejj pp41 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,admirers of genuine ,english wit and humour will be delighted with this edition of ,george ,colman's humorous works4 ,as a wit1 he has had no equal in our time2 and a man with a tithe of his ability could1 at the present day1 make the fortune of any one of our so-called comic journals1 and bankrupt the rest4 ,,new ,,book ,,for ,,boys4 ,illustration ,the ,conquest of the ,sea3 ,a ,history of ,divers and ,diving1 from the ,earliest ,times to the ,present ,day4 ,by ,,henry ,,siere4 ,profusely ,illustrated with fine ,wood ,engravings4 ,small crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,the #bs4 ,,edition ,,of ,,his ,,works4 ,carlyle 7,t47 on the ,choice of ,books4 ,with a ,new ,life and ,anecdotes of the ,author4 ,brown cloth1 #as4 #f;d42 paper cover1 #as4 ,chips from a ,rough ,log4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,christmas ,songs and ,ballads4 ,selected and ,edited by ,,joshua ,,sylvester4 ,a ,new ,edition1 beautifully printed and bound in cloth1 extra gilt1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,clerical ,anecdotes and ,pulpit ,eccentricities4 ,an entirely ,new ,gathering4 ,square #afmo1 in illustrated paper wrapper1 #as4 #d;d42 or cloth neat1 #as4 #aj;d4 ,the ,country of the ,dwarfs4 ,by ,,paul ,,du ,,chaillu4 ,a ,book of ,startling ,interest4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated with full-page ,engravings1 in fancy wrapper1 #as4 ,cruikshank's ,comic ,almanack4 ,,first ,,series1 #ahce-dc4 ,a ,gathering of the ,,best ,,humour1 the ,,wittiest ,,sayings1 the ,drollest ,quips1 and the ,best ,things of ,,thackeray1 ,,hood1 ,,mayhew1 ,,albert ,,smith1 ,a',,beckett1 ,,robert ,,brough1 c4 ,with about ,one ,thousand ,woodcuts and ,steel ,engravings by the inimitable ,,cruikshank1 ,,hine1 ,,landells1 c4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 a very thick volume1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,cruikshank's ,comic ,almanack4 ,,second ,,series1 #ahdd-ec1 ,completing the work4 ,uniform with the ,,first ,,series1 and written and illustrated by the same humorists4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 a very thick volume1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,the two volumes 7each sold separately7 form a most extraordinary gathering of the best wit and humour of the past half-century4 ,the work forms a ,comic ,history of ,england for twenty years4 ,,the ,,best ,,guide ,,to ,,heraldry4 ,cussans' ,handbook of ,heraldry2 with ,instructions for ,tracing ,pedigrees and ,deciphering ,ancient ,,mss42 also1 ,rules for the ,appointment of ,liveries1 c41 c4 ,by ,,john ,e4 ,,cussans4 ,illustrated with #cfj ,plates and ,woodcuts4 ,cr4 #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt and emblazoned1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,this volume1 beautifully printed on toned paper1 contains not only the ordinary matter to be found in the best books on the science of ,armory1 but several other subjects hitherto unnoticed4 ,amongst these may be mentioned3--#a4 ,,directions ,,for ,,tracing ,,pedigrees4 #b4 ,,deciphering ,,ancient ,,mss41 ,,illustrated ,,by ,,alphabets ,,and ,,facsimiles4 #c4 ,,the ,,appointment ,,of ,,liveries4 #d4 ,,continental ,,and ,,american ,,heraldry1 ,c4 ,,very ,,important ,,county ,,history4 ,illustration ,cussans' ,history of ,hertfordshire4 ,a ,county ,history1 got up in a very superior manner1 and ranging with the finest works of its class4 ,illustrated with full-page ,plates on ,copper and ,stone1 and a profusion of small ,woodcuts4 ,parts ,i4 to ,,vi4 are now ready1 price #bas4 each4 999999 ,an entirely new ,history of this important ,county1 great attention being given to all matters pertaining to the ,family ,history of the locality4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,the ,,charles ,,dickens ,,edition4 ,dickens3 ,the ,story of his ,life4 ,by ,,theodore ,,taylor1 ,author of the ,life of ,thackeray4 ,uniform with the ,charles ,dickens ,edition of his ,works1 and forming a ,supplementary ,volume to that ,issue4 ,cr4 #hvo1 crimson cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,anecdotes seem to have poured in upon the author from all quarters4444 ,turn where we will through these #cgj pleasant pages1 something worth reading is sure to meet the eye4--,the ,standard4 ,also ,published3 ,,the ,,best ,,edition of the above ,work1 illustrated by ,photographic ,frontispiece of ,dickens as ,captain ,bobadil1 ,portraits1 ,facsimiles1 c4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,cheap ,,edition1 in #afmo1 paper wrapper1 with ,frontispiece and ,vignette1 #bs4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,the ,,charles ,,dickens ,,edition4 ,dickens' ,speeches1 ,social and ,literary1 now first collected4 ,uniform with1 and forming a ,supplementary ,volume to1 the ,,charles ,,dickens ,,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 crimson cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,his speeches are as good as any of his printed writings4--,the ,times4 ,also ,published3 ,,the ,,best ,,edition1 in crown #hvo1 with fine ,portrait by ,count ,d',,orsay1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,cheap ,,edition1 without ,portrait1 in #afmo1 paper wrapper1 #bs4 ,dickens' ,life and ,speeches1 in ,one ,volume1 #afmo1 cloth extra1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,balzac',s ,,contes ,,drolatiques4 ,droll ,stories1 collected from the ,abbeys of ,touraine4 ,,now ,,first ,,translated ,,into ,,english1 ,,complete ,,and ,,unabridged1 with the whole #dbe ,marvellous1 ,extravagant1 and ,fantastic ,illustrations 7the finest he has ever done7 by ,,gustave ,,dor4 ,beautifully printed1 in #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt1 gilt top1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,the most singular designs ever attempted by any artist4 ,so crammed is the book with pictures1 that even the contents are adorned with thirty-three ,illustrations4 ,a few copies of the ,,french ,,original are still on sale1 bound half-,roxburghe1 gilt top--a very handsome book--price #abs4 #f;d4 ,the ,danbury ,newsman4 ,a ,brief but ,comprehensive ,record of the ,doings of a ,remarkable ,people1 under more ,remarkable ,circumstances1 and ,chronicled in a most ,remarkable ,manner4 ,by ,,james ,m4 ,,bailey4 ,uniform with ,twain's ,screamers4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,a real ,american humorist4--,figaro4 ,the ,derby ,day4 ,a ,sporting ,novel of intense interest1 by a well-known writer4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,disraeli's 7,rt4 ,hon4 ,b47 ,speeches on the ,conservative ,policy of the last ,thirty ,years1 including the ,speech at the ,literary ,fund ,dinner1 specially revised by the ,author4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 with ,portrait1 #as4 #d;d42 in cloth1 #as4 #aj;d4 ,d',urfey's 7,tom7 ,wit and ,mirth2 or1 ,,pills ,,to ,,purge ,,melancholy3 ,being a ,collection of the best ,merry ,ballads and ,songs1 ,old and ,new4 ,fitted to all ,humours1 having each their proper ,tune for either ,voice or ,instrument3 most of the ,songs being new set4 ,london3 ,printed by ,w4 ,pearson1 for ,j4 ,tonson1 at ,shakespeare's ,head1 over-against ,catherine ,street in the ,strand1 #agai4 ,an exact and beautiful reprint of this much-prized work1 with the ,music to the ,songs1 just as in the rare original4 ,in #f vols41 large fcap4 #hvo1 antique boards1 edges uncut1 beautifully printed on laid paper1 made expressly for the work1 price #c #cs42 or ,,large ,,paper ,,copies 7a limited number only printed71 price #e #es4 999999 ,,the ,,pills ,,to ,,purge ,,melancholy have now retained their celebrity for a century and a half4 ,the difficulty of obtaining a copy has of late years raised sets to a fabulous ,price1 and has made even odd volumes costly4 ,considering the classical reputation which the book has thus obtained1 and its very high interest as illustrative of the manners1 customs1 and amusements of ,english life during the half century following the ,restoration1 no apology is needed for placing such a work more within the reach of general readers and students by re-issuing it for the first time since its original appearance1 and at about a tithe of the price for which the old edition could now be obtained4 ,for drinking-songs and love-songs1 sprightly ballads1 merry stories1 and political squibs1 there are none to surpass these in the language4 ,in improvising such pieces1 and in singing them1 ,d',,urfey was perhaps never equalled1 except in our own century by ,,theodore ,,hook4 ,the sallies of his wit amused and delighted three successive ,english sovereigns2 and while his plays are forgotten1 his songs and ballads still retain the light abandon and joyous freshness that recommended them to the wits and beaux of ,queen ,anne's days4 ,nor can the warm and affectionate eulogy of ,steele and ,addison be forgotten1 and ,d',,urfey may now take his place on the bookshelves of the curious1 side by side with the other worthies of his age4 ,the ,earthward ,pilgrimage1 from the ,next ,world to that which now is4 ,by ,,moncure ,d4 ,,conway4 ,crown #hvo1 beautifully printed and bound1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,edgar ,allan ,poe's ,prose and ,poetical ,works2 including ,additional ,tales and the fine ,essays by this great ,genius1 now ,,first ,,published ,,in ,,this ,,country4 ,with a ,translation of ,,charles ,,baudelaire',s ,essay on ,poe4 #gej pages1 crown #hvo1 with fine ,portrait and ,illustrations1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration3 ,,poe',s ,,cottage ,,at ,,fordham4 ,mrs4 ,ellis's ,mothers of ,great ,men4 ,a ,new ,edition of this well-known ,work1 with numerous very beautiful ,portraits4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 over #ejj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,in preparation4 ,,the ,,standard ,,work ,,on ,,the ,,subject4 ,emanuel on ,diamonds and ,precious ,stones2 ,their ,history1 ,value1 and ,properties2 with ,simple ,tests for ascertaining their ,reality4 ,by ,,harry ,,emanuel1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,with numerous ,illustrations1 ,tinted and ,plain4 ,a ,new ,edition1 with the ,prices brought down to the ,present ,time4 ,crown #hvo1 full gilt1 #fs4 ,will be acceptable to many readers4--,times4 ,an invaluable work for buyers and sellers4--,spectator4 999999 ,the present1 which is greatly superior to the first edition1 gives the latest market value for ,diamonds and ,precious ,stones of every size4 ,the ,englishman's ,house1 from a ,cottage to a ,mansion4 ,a ,practical ,guide to ,members of ,building ,societies1 and all interested in ,selecting or ,building a ,house4 ,by ,c4 ,j4 ,,richardson1 ,architect1 ,author of ,old ,english ,mansions1 c4 ,second ,edition1 ,corrected and ,enlarged1 with nearly #fjj ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 #eej pages1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,this ,work might not inappropriately be termed ,a ,book of ,houses4 ,it gives every variety of house1 from a workman's cottage to a nobleman's palace4 ,the book is intended to supply a want long felt1 viz41 a plain1 non-technical account of every style of house1 with the cost and manner of building4 ,our ,english ,surnames3 ,their ,sources and ,significations4 ,by ,,charles ,,wareing ,,bardsley1 ,m4,a4 ,crown #hvo1 about #fjj pages1 cloth extra1 #is4 ,,indispensable ,,to ,,every ,,household4 ,everybody ,answered4 ,a ,handy ,book for ,all2 and a ,guide to the ,housewife1 the ,servant1 the ,cook1 the ,tradesman1 the ,workman1 the ,professional ,man1 the ,clerk1 c41 c41 in the ,duties belonging to their respective ,callings4 ,one thick volume1 crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,in preparation4 ,family ,fairy ,tales2 or1 ,glimpses of ,elfland at ,heatherstone ,hall4 ,edited by ,,cholmondeley ,,pennell1 ,author of ,puck on ,pegasus1 c4 ,adorned with beautiful ,pictures of ,my ,lord ,lion1 ,king ,uggermugger1 and other ,great ,folks1 by ,m4 ,,ellen ,,edwards1 and other artists4 ,handsomely printed on toned paper1 in cloth1 green and gold1 price #ds4 #f;d4 plain1 #es4 #f;d4 coloured4 ,faraday's ,chemical ,history of a ,candle4 ,lectures delivered to a ,juvenile ,audience4 ,a ,new ,edition of this well-known volume1 which has been so long out of print1 ,edited by ,w4 ,,crookes1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 c4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 with all the ,original ,illustrations1 price #ds4 #f;d4 ,faraday's ,various ,forces of ,nature4 ,a ,new ,edition1 with all the ,original ,illustrations1 ,edited by ,w4 ,,crookes1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 c4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,flagellation ,,and ,,the ,,flagellants4 ,illustration ,a ,history of the ,rod in all ,countries1 from the ,earliest ,period to the ,present ,time4 ,the use of the ,rod in the ,church1 ,convent1 ,monastery1 ,prison1 ,army1 ,navy1 in public and private2 the use of the ,birch in the ,family1 ,ladies' ,seminaries1 ,boys' ,schools1 ,colleges1 the ,boudoir1 ,ancient and ,modern4 ,by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,,cooper1 ,b4,a4 ,second ,edition1 revised and corrected1 with numerous ,illustrations4 ,thick crown #hvo1 cloth extra gilt1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,a remarkable1 and certainly a very readable volume4--,daily ,telegraph4 ,the ,fiend's ,delight3 ,a ,cold ,collation of ,atrocities4 ,by ,,dod ,,grile4 ,new ,edition1 in illustrated wrapper1 fcap4 #hvo1 #as42 or crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a specimen of ',american ,humour' as unlike that of all other ,american humourists1 as the play of young human ,merry-,andrews is unlike that of a young and energetic demon whose horns are well budded4--,new ,york ,nation4 ,the ,finish to ,life in and out of ,london2 or1 ,the ,final ,adventures of ,tom1 ,jerry1 and ,logic4 ,by ,,pierce ,,egan4 ,royal #hvo1 cloth extra1 with ,spirited ,coloured ,illustrations by ,,cruikshank1 #bas4 999999 ,an extraordinary picture of ,,london ,,by ,,night in the ,days of ,george the ,fourth4 ,all the strange places of amusement in the neighbourhood of ,covent ,garden and ,st4 ,james's are fully described1 and very queer places they were too6 ,,walk ,,up6 ,,walk ,,up6 ,,and ,,see ,,the ,fools' ,paradise2 with the ,many ,wonderful ,adventures there1 as seen in the strange1 surprising ,,peep-,,show ,,of ,,professor ,,wolley ,,cobble1 ,raree ,showman these ,five-and-,twenty ,years4 ,crown #dto1 with nearly #bjj immensely funny ,pictures1 all beautifully coloured1 bound in extra cloth gilt1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,professor',s ,,leetle ,,music ,,lesson4 ,a ,,second ,,series ,,is ,,now ,,ready1 ,,called ,further ,adventures in ,fools' ,paradise1 with the ,many ,wonderful ,doings1 as seen in the ,,peep-,,show ,,of ,,professor ,,wolley ,,cobble4 ,crown #dto1 with the ,pictures beautifully ,coloured1 uniform with the ,,first ,,series1 in extra cloth gilt1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,companion ,,to ,,all ,,french ,,dictionaries4 ,french ,slang2 or1 ,eccentricities of the ,french ,language4 ,a ,,dictionary ,,of ,,parisian ,,argot1 including all recent expressions1 whether of the ,street1 the ,theatre1 or the ,prison4 ,handsomely bound in half-,roxburghe1 illustrated with #cj large ,wood ,engravings4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,this book is indispensable to all readers of modern ,french literature4 ,it is1 besides1 amusing in itself1 and may be taken up to while away an idle half-hour4 ,it does for ,french what our ,slang ,dictionary does for ,english4 ,fun for the ,million3 ,a ,gathering of ,choice ,wit and ,humour1 ,good ,things1 and ,sublime ,nonsense1 by ,,dickens1 ,,jerrold1 ,,sam ,,slick1 ,,chas4 ,h4 ,,ross1 ,,hood1 ,,theodore ,,hook1 ,,mark ,,twain1 ,,brough1 ,,colman1 ,,titus ,a4 ,,brick1 and a ,host of other ,humourists4 ,with ,pictures by ,,matt ,,morgan1 ,,gilbert1 ,,nast1 ,,thompson1 ,,cruikshank1 ,jun41 ,,brunton1 c4 ,in fcap4 #dto1 profusely illustrated1 with picture wrapper1 #as4 ,illustration ,the ,genial ,showman2 or1 ,show ,life in the ,new ,world4 ,adventures with ,artemus ,ward1 and the ,story of his ,life4 ,by ,e4 ,p4 ,,hingston4 ,third ,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 ,illustrated by ,,brunton1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,this is a most interesting work4 ,it gives ,sketches of ,show-,life in the ,far ,west1 on the ,pacific ,coast1 among the ,mines of ,california1 in ,salt ,lake ,city1 and across the ,rocky ,mountains2 with chapters descriptive of ,artemus ,ward's visit to ,england4 ,,ruskin ,,and ,,cruikshank4 ,german ,popular ,stories4 ,collected by the ,brothers ,,grimm1 and ,translated by ,,edgar ,,taylor4 ,edited by ,,john ,,ruskin4 ,with #bb ,illustrations after the inimitable designs of ,,george ,,cruikshank4 ,both ,series complete4 ,square crown #hvo1 #fs4 #f;d42 gilt leaves1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,these are the designs which ,mr4 ,ruskin has praised so highly1 placing them far above all ,cruikshank's other works of a similar character4 ,so rare had the original book 7published in #ahbc-ahbf7 become1 that #e to #f per copy was an ordinary price4 ,by the consent of ,mr4 ,taylor's family a ,new ,edition is now issued1 under the care and superintendence of the printers who issued the originals forty years ago4 ,a few copies for sale on ,large ,paper1 price #bas4 ,gesta ,romanorum2 or1 ,entertaining ,stories1 invented by the ,monks as a ,fireside ,recreation1 and commonly applied in their ,discourses from the ,pulpit4 ,a ,new ,edition1 with ,introduction by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,esq41 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,two vols4 large fcap4 #hvo1 only #bej copies printed1 on fine ribbed paper1 #ahs42 or1 ,,large ,,paper ,,edition 7only a few copies printed71 #cjs4 ,gladstone's 7,rt4 ,hon4 ,w4 ,e47 ,speeches on ,great ,questions of the ,day during the last ,thirty ,years4 ,collated with the best public reports4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as4 #d;d42 cloth extra1 #as4 #aj;d4 ,golden ,treasury of ,thought4 ,the ,best ,encyclopdia of ,quotations and ,elegant ,extracts1 from ,writers of all ,times and all ,countries1 ever formed4 ,selected and ,edited by ,,theodore ,,taylor1 ,author of ,thackeray1 the ,humorist and ,man of ,letters1 ,story of ,charles ,dickens' ,life4 ,crown #hvo1 very handsomely bound1 cloth gilt1 and gilt edges1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,grose's ,dictionary of the ,vulgar ,tongue4 #aghe4 ,a genuine unmutilated ,reprint of the ,first ,edition4 ,quarto1 bound in half-,roxburghe1 gilt top1 price #hs4 999999 ,only a small number of copies of this very vulgar1 but very curious1 book have been printed1 for the ,collectors of ,street ,words and ,colloquialisms4 ,hall's 7,mrs4 ,s4 ,c47 ,sketches of ,irish ,character4 ,with numerous ,illustrations on ,steel and ,wood1 by ,,daniel ,,maclise1 ,r4,a41 ,sir ,,john ,,gilbert1 ,w4 ,,harvey1 and ,g4 ,,cruikshank4 #hvo1 pp4 #dej1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,the ,irish sketches of this lady resemble ,miss ,mitford's beautiful ,english ,sketches in ',our ,village1' but they are far more vigorous and picturesque and bright4--,blackwood's ,magazine4 ,,companion ,,to ,,the ,,secret ,,out4 ,hanky-,panky4 ,a ,new and ,wonderful ,book of ,very ,easy ,tricks1 ,very ,difficult ,tricks1 ,white ,magic1 ,sleight of ,hand2 in fact1 all those startling ,deceptions which the ,great ,wizards call ,hanky-,panky4 ,edited by ,w4 ,h4 ,,cremer1 of ,regent ,street4 ,with nearly #bjj ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 price #ds4 #f;d4 ,hans ,breitmann's ,ballads4 ,by ,j4 ,g4 ,,leland4 ,the ,complete ,work1 from the ,author's revised ,edition4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 in cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,hatton's 7,jos47 ,kites and ,pigeons4 ,a most amusing ,novelette4 ,with ,illustrations by ,,linley ,,sambourne1 of ,punch4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated wrapper1 #as4 ,illustration ,hawthorne's ,english and ,american ,note ,books4 ,edited1 with an ,introduction1 by ,,moncure ,d4 ,,conway4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 in cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,holidays with ,hobgoblins1 and ,talk of ,strange ,things4 ,by ,,dudley ,,costello4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated boards1 with ,picture by ,,george ,,cruikshank4 #bs4 ,,oliver ,,wendell ,,holmes' ,,works4 ,holmes' ,autocrat of the ,breakfast ,table4 ,an entirely ,new ,edition of this ,favourite ,work4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 in cloth1 neat1 #as4 #f;d4 ,holmes' ,poet at the ,breakfast ,table4 ,from ,january to ,june4 ,paper cover1 #as4 ,holmes' ,professor at the ,breakfast ,table4 ,a ,companion ,volume to the ,autocrat of the ,breakfast ,table4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 cloth neat1 #as4 #f;d4 ,holmes' ,wit and ,humour4 ,delightful ,verses1 in the style of the elder ,hood4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated wrapper1 #as4 ,,the ,,only ,,complete ,,hogarth ,,ever ,,published4 ,illustration ,hogarth's ,works2 with ,life and ,anecdotal ,descriptions of the ,pictures1 by ,,john ,,ireland and ,,john ,,nichols4 ,the ,work includes #aej ,engravings1 reduced in exact facsimile of the ,original ,plates1 specimens of which have now become very scarce4 ,the whole in ,three ,series1 #hvo1 cloth1 gilt1 #bbs4 #f;d4 ,each series is1 however1 ,complete in itself1 and is sold separately at #gs4 #f;d4 ,hogarth's ,five ,days' ,frolic2 or1 ,peregrinations by ,land and ,water4 ,illustrated with ,tinted ,drawings1 made by ,,hogarth and ,,scott during the ,journey4 #dto1 beautifully printed1 cloth1 extra gilt1 #ajs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a graphic and most extraordinary picture of the hearty ,english times in which these merry artists lived4 ,hood's ,whims and ,oddities4 ,the ,entire ,work4 ,now issued ,complete1 the ,two ,parts in ,one ,volume1 with all the ,humorous ,designs4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 cloth neat1 #as4 #f;d4 ,hunt's 7,leigh7 ,tale for a ,chimney ,corner1 and other charming ,essays4 ,with ,introduction by ,,edmund ,,ollier1 and ,portrait supplied by the late ,,thornton ,,hunt4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as4 #d;d42 cloth neat1 #as4 #aj;d4 ,hunt's 7,robert1 ,f4,r4,s47 ,drolls of ,old ,cornwall2 or1 ,,popular ,,romances ,,of ,,the ,,west ,,of ,,england4 ,new ,edition1 ,complete in ,one ,volume1 with ,illustrations by ,,george ,,cruikshank4 ,crown #hvo1 extra cloth gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,mr4 ,hunt's charming book on the ,drolls and ,stories of the ,west of ,england4--,saturday ,review4 ,jennings' 7,hargrave7 ,one of the ,thirty4 ,with curious ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,an extraordinary narrative1 tracing down one of the accursed pieces of silver for which ,jesus of ,nazareth was sold4 ,through eighteen centuries is this fated coin tracked1 now in the possession of the innocent1 now in the grasp of the guilty1 but everywhere carrying with it the evil that fell upon ,judas4 ,jennings' 7,hargrave7 ,the ,rosicrucians3 ,their ,rites and ,mysteries4 ,with chapters on the ,ancient ,fire and ,serpent ,worshippers1 and ,explanations of the ,mystic ,symbols represented in the ,monuments and ,talismans of the ,primeval ,philosophers4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 with about #cjj ,illustrations1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,joe ,miller's ,jests2 or1 ,the ,wit's ,vade ,mecum4 ,being a collection of the most brilliant ,jests1 the politest ,repartees1 the most elegant ,bon-,mots1 and most pleasant short ,stories in the ,english ,language4 ,london3 ,printed by ,t4 ,read1 #agci4 ,a remarkable facsimile of the very rare ,,original ,,edition4 #hvo1 half-,roxburghe1 #is4 #f;d4 999999 ,only a very few copies of this humorous and racy old book have been reproduced4 ,josh ,billings3 ,his ,book of ,sayings4 ,with ,introduction by ,e4 ,p4 ,,hingston1 ,companion of ,artemus ,ward when on his ,travels4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,kalendars of ,gwynedd2 or1 ,chronological ,lists of ,lords-,lieutenant1 ,sheriffs and ,knights for ,anglesey1 ,caernarvon1 and ,merioneth4 ,with ,lists of the ,lords-,presidents of ,wales1 and the ,constables of the ,castles of ,beaumaris1 ,caernarvon1 ,conway1 and ,harlech4 ,compiled by ,,edward ,,breese1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,with ,notes by ,,william ,,watkin ,,edward ,,wynne1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 of ,penairth4 ,only a limited number printed4 ,one volume1 demy #dto1 cloth extra1 #bhs4 ,lamb's 7,charles7 ,essays of ,elia4 ,the ,complete ,work4 ,beautifully printed1 and uniform with the ,essays of ,leigh ,hunt4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 cloth neat1 #as4 #f;d4 ,leigh's ,carols of ,cockayne4 ,vers de ,socit1 mostly descriptive of ,london ,life4 ,by ,,henry ,s4 ,,leigh4 ,with numerous exquisite ,designs by ,,alfred ,,concanen and the late ,,john ,,leech4 ,small #dto1 elegant1 uniform with ,puniana1 #fs4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,dr4 ,,syntax4 ,life in ,london2 or1 ,the ,day and ,night ,scenes of ,jerry ,hawthorn and ,corinthian ,tom4 ,,with ,,the ,,whole ,,of ,,cruikshank',s ,,very ,,droll ,,illustrations1 in ,colours1 after the ,originals4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,one of the most popular books ever issued4 ,it was an immense favourite with ,george ,,iv41 and as a picture of ,london life fifty years ago was often quoted by ,thackeray1 who devotes one of his ,roundabout ,papers to a description of it4 ,literary ,scraps4 ,a ,folio ,scrap-,book of #cdj columns1 with guards1 for the reception of ,cuttings from ,newspapers1 ,extracts1 ,miscellanea1 c4 ,a very useful book4 ,in folio1 half-roan1 cloth sides1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,little ,breeches1 and other ,pieces 7,,pike ,,county ,,ballads74 ,by ,colonel ,,john ,,hay4 ,foolscap #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 #f;d4 ,the ,little ,london ,directory of #afgg4 ,the ,oldest ,printed ,list of the ,merchants and ,bankers of ,london4 ,reprinted from the ,exceedingly ,rare ,original1 with an ,introduction by ,,john ,,camden ,,hotten4 #afmo1 in a beautiful binding1 after the original1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,the ,log of the ,water ,lily1 during ,three ,cruises on the ,rhine1 ,neckar1 ,main1 ,moselle1 ,danube1 ,saone1 and ,rhone4 ,by ,r4 ,b4 ,,mansfield1 ,b4,a4 ,illustrated by ,,alfred ,,thompson1 ,b4,a4 ,fifth ,edition1 revised and considerably enlarged4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt1 #es4 ,illustration ,longfellow's ,prose ,works1 ,complete1 including his ,stories and ,essays1 now for the first time collected4 ,edited1 with a ,preface1 by the ,author of ,tennysoniana4 ,with ,portrait and ,illustrations1 drawn by ,,valentine ,,bromley1 and beautifully engraved1 #fej pages1 crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,lost ,beauties of the ,english ,language4 ,an ,appeal to ,authors1 ,poets1 ,clergymen1 and ,public ,speakers2 with an ,introductory ,essay4 ,by ,,charles ,,mackay1 ,,ll4,d4 ,in crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 uniform with the ,slang ,dictionary1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,the ,,magician',s ,,own ,,book4 ,magic and ,mystery4 ,a ,splendid ,collection of ,tricks with ,cards1 ,dice1 ,balls1 c41 with fully descriptive working ,directions4 ,crown #hvo1 with numerous ,illustrations1 cloth extra1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,,companion ,,to ,,the ,,secret ,,out4 ,the ,magician's ,own ,book4 ,containing ample ,instructions for ,performances in ,legerdemain with ,cups and ,balls1 ,eggs1 ,hats1 ,handkerchiefs1 c4 ,all from ,actual ,experience4 ,edited by ,w4 ,h4 ,,cremer1 ,jun41 of ,regent ,street4 ,cloth extra1 with #bjj ,illustrations1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,mark ,,twain',s ,,works4 ,mark ,twain's ,choice ,works4 ,with extra passages to the ,innocents ,abroad1 now first reprinted1 and a ,life of the ,author4 #ej ,illustrations by ,,mark ,,twain and other ,artists1 and ,portrait of the ,author4 #gjj pages1 cloth gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,mark ,twain's ,innocents ,abroad3 ,the ,voyage ,out4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 fine toned paper1 #cs4 #f;d42 or fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated wrapper1 #as4 ,mark ,twain's ,new ,pilgrim's ,progress3 ,the ,voyage ,home4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 fine toned paper1 #cs4 #f;d42 or fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated wrapper1 #as4 ,mark ,twain's ,burlesque ,autobiography1 ,first ,medival ,romance1 and on ,children4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #f;d4 ,mark ,twain's ,eye-,openers4 ,a ,volume of immensely ,funny ,sayings1 and ,stories that will bring a smile upon the gruffest countenance4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated wrapper1 #as4 ,mark ,twain's ,jumping ,frog1 and other ,humorous ,sketches4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,an inimitably funny book4--,saturday ,review4 ,mark ,twain's ,pleasure ,trip on the ,continent of ,europe4 7,the ,innocents ,abroad and ,new ,pilgrim's ,progress in one volume47 #ejj pages1 paper boards1 #bs42 or in cloth1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,mark ,twain's ,practical ,jokes2 or1 ,mirth with ,artemus ,ward1 and other ,papers4 ,by ,,mark ,,twain1 and other ,humorists4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,mark ,twain's ,screamers4 ,a ,gathering of ,delicious ,bits and ,short ,stories4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,mayhew's ,london ,characters3 ,illustrations of the ,humour1 ,pathos1 and ,peculiarities of ,london ,life4 ,by ,,henry ,,mayhew1 ,author of ,london ,labour and the ,london ,poor1 and other ,writers4 ,with nearly #ajj graphic ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 about #ejj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,magna ,charta4 ,an exact ,facsimile of the ,original ,document1 preserved in the ,british ,museum1 very carefully drawn1 and printed on fine plate paper1 nearly #c feet long by #b feet wide1 with the ,arms and ,seals of the ,barons elaborately emblazoned in ,gold and ,colours1 ,a4,d4 #abae4 ,price #es42 or1 handsomely framed and glazed1 in carved oak1 of an antique pattern1 #bbs4 #f;d4 ,a full ,translation1 with ,notes1 has been prepared1 price #f;d4 ,,entirely ,,new ,,games4 ,illustration ,the ,merry ,circle1 and ,how the ,visitors were entertained during ,twelve ,pleasant ,evenings4 ,a ,book of ,new ,intellectual ,games and ,amusements4 ,edited by ,mrs4 ,,clara ,,bellew4 ,crown #hvo1 numerous ,illustrations1 cloth extra1 #ds4 #f;d4 999999 ,a capital ,book of ,household ,amusements1 which will please both old and young4 ,it is an excellent book to consult before going to an evening party4 ,monumental ,inscriptions of the ,west ,indies1 from the ,earliest ,date1 with ,genealogical and ,historical ,annotations1 c41 from ,original1 ,local1 and other ,sources4 ,illustrative of the ,histories and ,genealogies of the ,seventeenth ,century1 the ,calendars of ,state ,papers1 ,peerages1 and ,baronetages4 ,with ,engravings of the ,arms of the principal ,families4 ,chiefly collected on the spot by the ,author1 ,capt4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,lawrence-,,archer4 ,one volume1 demy #dto1 about #cjj pages1 cloth extra1 #bas4 ,mr4 ,brown on the ,goings-on of ,mrs4 ,brown at the ,tichborne ,trial1 c4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,mr4 ,sprouts3 ,his ,opinions4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,tom ,d',,urfey',s ,,pills4 ,musarum ,delici2 or1 ,the ,muses' ,recreation1 #afef2 ,wit ,restor'd1 #afeh2 and ,wit's ,recreations1 #afdj4 ,the whole compared with the originals2 with all the ,wood ,engravings1 ,plates1 ,memoirs1 and ,notes4 ,a ,new ,edition1 in #b volumes1 post #hvo1 beautifully printed #jaa antique laid paper1 and bound in antique boards1 #bas4 ,a few ,large ,paper copies have been prepared1 price #ces4 999999 ,of the ,poets of the ,restoration1 there are none whose works are more rare than those of ,sir ,john ,mennis and ,dr4 ,james ,smith4 ,the small volume entitled ,musarum ,delici2 or1 ,the ,muses' ,recreation1 which contains the productions of these two friends1 was not accessible to ,mr4 ,freeman when he compiled his ,kentish ,poets1 and has since become so rare that it is only found in the cabinets of the curious4 ,a reprint of the ,musarum ,delici1 together with several other kindred pieces of the period1 appeared in #ahag1 forming two volumes of ,faceti1 edited by ,mr4 ,e4 ,dubois1 author of ,the ,wreath1 c4 ,these volumes having in turn become exceedingly scarce1 the ,publishers venture to put forth the present new edition1 in which1 while nothing has been omitted1 no pains have been spared to render it more complete and elegant than any that has yet appeared4 ,the type1 plates1 and woodcuts of the originals have been accurately followed2 the notes of the ,editor of #ahag are considerably augmented1 and indexes have been added1 together with a portrait of ,sir ,john ,mennis1 from a painting by ,vandyke in ,lord ,clarendon's ,collection4 ,the ,mystery of ,mr4 ,e4 ,drood4 ,an ,adaptation4 ,by ,,orpheus ,c4 ,,kerr4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,the ,mystery of the ,good ,old ,cause3 ,sarcastic ,notices of those ,members of the ,long ,parliament that held ,places1 both ,civil and ,military1 contrary to the ,self-denying ,ordinance of ,april #c1 #afde2 with ,sums of ,money and ,lands they divided among themselves4 ,small #dto1 half-morocco1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,never ,caught in ,blockade-,running4 ,an exciting book of ,adventures during the ,american ,civil ,war4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,illustration ,napoleon ,,iii41 the ,man of ,his ,time2 from ,caricatures4 ,,part ,i4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,napoleon ,,iii41 as told by ,j4 ,m4 ,,haswell4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,the ,,same ,,story1 as told by the ,,popular ,,caricatures of the past ,thirty-five ,years4 ,crown #hvo1 with ,coloured ,frontispiece and over #ajj ,caricatures1 #djj pp41 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,the object of this ,work is to give ,both ,sides of the ,story4 ,the ,artist has gone over the entire ground of ,continental and ,english ,caricatures for the last third of a century1 and a very interesting book is the result4 ,nuggets and ,dust1 panned out in ,california by ,,dod ,,grile4 ,edited by ,j4 ,,milton ,,sloluck4 ,a new style of ,humour and ,satire4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 999999 ,if ,artemus ,ward may be considered the ,douglas ,jerrold1 and ,mark ,twain the ,sydney ,smith of ,america1 ,dod ,grile will rank as their ,dean ,swift4 ,the ,old ,prose ,stories whence ,,tennyson',s ,idylls of the ,king were taken4 ,by ,b4 ,m4 ,,ranking4 ,royal #afmo1 paper cover1 #as42 cloth extra1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,old ,,dramatists4 ,ben ,jonson's ,works4 ,with ,notes1 ,critical and ,explanatory1 and a ,biographical ,memoir by ,,william ,,gifford4 ,edited by ,lieut4-,col4 ,,francis ,,cunningham4 ,complete in #c vols41 crown #hvo1 ,portrait4 ,cloth1 #fs4 each2 cloth gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 each4 ,george ,chapman's ,plays1 ,complete1 from the ,original ,quartos4 ,with an ,introduction by ,,algernon ,,charles ,,swinburne4 ,crown #hvo1 ,portrait4 ,cloth1 #fs42 cloth gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,in preparation4 ,christopher ,marlowe's ,works3 ,including his ,translations4 ,edited1 with ,notes and ,introduction1 by ,lieut4-,col4 ,f4 ,,cunningham4 ,crown #hvo1 ,portrait4 ,cloth1 #fs42 cloth gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,philip ,massinger's ,plays4 ,from the ,text of ,,wm4 ,,gifford4 ,with the addition of the ,tragedy of ,believe as ,you ,list4 ,edited by ,lieut4-,col4 ,,francis ,,cunningham4 ,crown #hvo1 ,portrait4 ,cloth1 #fs42 cloth gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,original ,lists of ,persons of ,quality2 ,emigrants2 ,religious ,exiles2 ,political ,rebels2 ,serving ,men ,sold for a ,term of ,years2 ,apprentices2 ,children ,stolen2 ,maidens ,pressed2 and others who went from ,great ,britain to the ,american ,plantations1 #afjj-agjj4 ,with their ,ages1 the ,localities where they formerly ,lived in the ,mother ,country1 ,names of the ,ships in which they embarked1 and other interesting particulars4 ,from ,,mss4 preserved in the ,state ,paper ,department of ,her ,majesty's ,public ,record ,office1 ,england4 ,edited by ,,john ,,camden ,,hotten4 ,a very handsome volume1 crown #dto1 cloth gilt1 #gjj pages1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,a few ,large ,paper copies have been printed1 price #ejs4 ,parochial ,history of the ,county of ,cornwall4 ,compiled from the best authorities1 and corrected and improved from actual survey4 #d vols4 #dto1 cloth extra1 #c #cs4 the set2 or1 separately1 the first three volumes1 #afs4 each2 the fourth volume1 #ahs4 ,,companion ,,to ,,the ,,bon ,,gaultier ,,ballads4 ,puck on ,pegasus4 ,by ,h4 ,,cholmondeley ,,pennell4 ,in #dto1 printed within an ,india-paper tone1 and elegantly bound1 gilt1 gilt edges1 price #ajs4 #f;d4 999999 ,this most amusing work has passed through ,five ,editions1 receiving everywhere the highest praise as a clever and brilliant book4 ,in addition to the designs of ,,george ,,cruikshank1 ,,john ,,leech1 ,,julian ,,portch1 ,,phiz1 and other artists1 ,sir ,,noel ,,paton1 ,,millais1 ,,john ,,tenniel1 ,,richard ,,doyle1 and ,m4 ,,ellen ,,edwards have now contributed several exquisite pictures1 thus making the ,new ,edition--which is ,twice the ,size of the old one--the best book for the ,drawing-room table published4 ,by the same ,author4 ,modern ,babylon1 and other ,poems4 ,small crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,companion ,,to ,,cussans' ,,heraldry4 ,illustration ,the ,pursuivant of ,arms2 or1 ,heraldry founded upon ,facts4 ,a ,popular ,guide to the ,science of ,heraldry4 ,by ,j4 ,r4 ,,planch1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,somerset ,herald4 ,to which are added1 ,essays on the ,,badges ,,of ,,the ,,houses ,,of ,,lancaster ,,and ,,york4 ,a ,new ,edition1 enlarged and revised by the ,author1 illustrated with ,coloured ,frontispiece1 five full-page ,plates1 and about #bjj ,illustrations4 ,beautifully bound in cloth1 with ,emblematic ,design1 extra gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,piccadilly ,,annual ,,for #ahgd4 ,illustration ,the ,knowing ,ones at ,home4 ,stories of their ,doings at a ,local ,science ,meeting1 at the ,crystal ,palace1 at ,st4 ,paul's1 at a ,foresters' ,fte1 c41 c4 ,a ,new and entirely ,original ,humorous ,story1 crammed with ,fun from the first page to the last4 ,profusely ,illustrated by ,,brunton1 ,,matt ,,morgan1 and other ,artists4 #dto1 handsome wrapper1 #as4 ,policeman ,y3 ,his ,opinions on ,war and the ,millingtary4 ,with ,illustrations by the ,author1 ,,john ,,edward ,,soden4 ,cloth1 very neat1 #bs4 #f;d42 in paper1 #as4 ,,for ,,gold ,,and ,,silversmiths4 ,private ,book of ,useful ,alloys and ,memoranda for ,goldsmiths and ,jewellers4 ,by ,,james ,e4 ,,collins1 ,c4,e41 of ,birmingham4 ,royal #afmo1 #cs4 #f;d4 999999 ,the secrets of the ,gold and ,silversmiths' ,art are here given1 for the benefit of young ,apprentices and ,practitioners4 ,it is an invaluable book to the ,trade4 ,,an ,,awfully ,,jolly ,,book ,,for ,,parties4 ,puniana3 ,thoughts ,wise and ,otherwise4 ,by the ,hon4 ,,hugh ,,rowley4 ,best ,book of ,riddles and ,puns ever formed4 ,with nearly #ajj exquisitely ,fanciful ,drawings4 ,contains nearly #cjjj of the best ,riddles1 and #aj1jjj most outrageous ,puns1 and is one of the most ,popular ,books ever issued4 ,new ,edition1 small quarto1 uniform with the ,bab ,ballads4 ,price #fs4 ,illustration ,enormous burlesque--unapproachable and pre-eminent4 ,we venture to think that this very queer volume will be a favourite4 ,it deserves to be so2 and we should suggest that1 to a dull person desirous to get credit with the young holiday people1 it would be good policy to invest in the book1 and dole it out by instalments4--,saturday ,review4 ,by the same ,author4 ,a ,second ,series of ,puniana3 ,containing nearly #ajj beautifully executed ,drawings1 and a splendid ,collection of ,riddles and ,puns1 fully equal to those in the ,first ,volume4 ,small quarto1 uniform with the ,first ,series1 cloth gilt1 gilt edges1 #fs4 ,nearly ready4 ,,gustave ,,dor',s ,,designs4 ,illustration ,the ,works of ,rabelais4 ,faithfully translated from the ,french1 with variorum ,notes1 and numerous characteristic ,illustrations by ,,gustave ,,dor4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #gjj pages4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,wonderful ,,characters4 ,remarkable ,trials and ,notorious ,characters4 ,from ,half-,hanged ,smith1 #agjj1 to ,oxford1 who shot at the ,queen1 #ahdj4 ,by ,captain ,l4 ,,benson4 ,with spirited full-page ,engravings by ,,phiz4 #hvo1 #eej pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a ,complete ,library of ,sensation ,literature6 ,there are plots enough here to produce a hundred exciting ,novels1 and at least five hundred powerful ,magazine ,stories4 ,the book will be appreciated by all readers whose taste lies in this direction4 ,rochefoucauld's ,reflections and ,moral ,maxims4 ,with ,introductory ,essay by ,,sainte-,,beuve1 and ,explanatory ,notes4 ,royal #afmo1 elegantly printed1 #as42 cloth neat1 #as4 #f;d4 ,rogues and ,vagabonds of the ,racecourse4 ,full ,explanations how they ,cheat at ,roulette1 ,three ,cards1 ,thimble-rig2 with some ,account of the ,welsher and ,money-,lender4 ,by ,,alfred ,,toulmin1 late #feth ,regt4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,roll of ,battle ,abbey2 or1 ,a ,list of the ,principal ,warriors who came over from ,normandy with ,william the ,conqueror1 and ,settled in this ,country1 ,a4,d4 #ajff-g4 ,carefully drawn1 and printed on fine plate paper1 nearly three feet by two feet1 with the ,arms of the principal ,barons elaborately emblazoned in ,gold and ,colours4 ,price #es42 or1 handsomely framed in carved oak of an antique pattern1 #bbs4 #f;d4 ,roll of ,caerlaverock3 the ,oldest ,heraldic ,roll2 including the ,original ,anglo-,norman ,poem1 and an ,english ,translation of the ,,ms4 in the ,british ,museum4 ,by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 ,the ,arms emblazoned in gold and colours4 ,in #dto1 very handsomely printed1 extra gold cloth1 #abs4 ,roman ,catholics in the ,county of ,york in #afjd4 ,transcribed from the ,original ,,ms4 in the ,bodleian ,library1 and ,edited1 with ,genealogical ,notes1 by ,,edward ,,peacock1 ,f4,s4,a41 ,editor of ,army ,lists of the ,roundheads and ,cavaliers1 #afdb4 ,small #dto1 handsomely printed and bound1 #aes4 999999 ,genealogists and ,antiquaries will find much new and curious matter in this work4 ,an elaborate ,index refers to every name in the volume1 among which will be found many of the highest local interest4 ,illustration ,ross's 7,chas4 ,h47 ,unlikely ,tales and ,wrong-,headed ,essays4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 with numerous quaint and amusing ,illustrations1 #as4 ,ross's 7,chas4 ,h47 ,story of a ,honeymoon4 ,a ,new ,edition of this charmingly humorous book1 with numerous ,illustrations by the ,author4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 picture boards1 #bs4 ,school ,life at ,winchester ,college2 or1 ,the ,reminiscences of a ,winchester ,junior4 ,by the ,author of ,the ,log of the ,water ,lily2 and ,the ,water ,lily on the ,danube4 ,second ,edition1 ,revised4 ,,coloured ,,plates1 #as4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,the ,secret ,out2 or1 ,one ,thousand ,tricks with ,cards1 and other ,recreations2 with ,entertaining ,experiments in ,drawing ,room or ,white ,magic4 ,by the ,author of the ,magician's ,own ,book4 ,edited by ,w4 ,h4 ,,cremer1 ,jun41 of ,regent ,street4 ,with #cjj ,engravings4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #ds4 #f;d4 999999 ,under the title of ,le ,magicien des ,salons1 this book has long been a ,standard ,magic ,book with all ,french and ,german ,professors of the ,art4 ,the tricks are described so carefully1 with engravings to illustrate them1 that not the slightest difficulty can be experienced in performing them4 ,shaving ,them2 or1 ,the ,adventures of ,three ,yankees4 ,by ,,titus ,a4 ,,brick4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,shelley's ,early ,life4 ,from ,original ,sources4 ,with ,curious ,incidents1 ,letters1 and ,writings1 now ,first ,published or ,collected4 ,by ,,denis ,,florence ,,mac-,,carthy4 ,cheaper ,edition1 crown #hvo1 with ,illustrations1 #ddj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a most interesting volume of new biographical facts4 ,the work possesses special interest to ,irish readers1 as the poet's political pamphlets1 advocating ,home ,rule and other rights1 are here for the first time given in a collected form4 ,these pamphlets ,shelley and his wife threw front the balcony of a window in ,sackville ,street1 as the best means of publishing the poet's political principles4 ,,the ,,pocket ,,shelley4 ,illustration3 ,,shelley1 ,,from ,,the ,,godwin ,,sketch4 ,shelley's ,poetical ,works4 ,now ,first ,reprinted from the ,author's ,original ,editions4 ,in ,two ,series1 the ,,first containing ,queen ,mab and the ,early ,poems2 the ,,second1 ,laon and ,cythna1 ,the ,cenci1 and ,later ,poems4 ,in royal #afmo1 thick volumes4 ,price of the ,,first ,,series1 #as4 #h;d4 illustrated cover1 #bs4 #b;d4 cloth extra2 ,,second ,,series1 #as4 #h;d4 illustrated cover1 #bs4 #b;d4 cloth extra4 ,the ,third ,series1 completing the ,work1 will shortly be ready4 ,sheridan's 7,richard ,brinsley7 ,complete ,works1 with ,life and ,anecdotes4 ,including his ,dramatic ,writings1 printed from the ,original ,editions1 his works in ,prose and ,poetry1 ,translations1 ,speeches1 ,jokes1 ,puns1 c42 with a ,collection of ,sheridaniana4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 with ,portrait and ,illustrations1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,shirley ,brooks' ,amusing ,poetry4 ,a ,collection of ,humorous ,poems4 ,selected by ,,shirley ,,brooks1 ,editor of ,punch4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 paper boards1 #bs4 ,preparing4 999999 ,this work has for many years been out of print1 and very scarce4 ,signboards3 ,their ,history4 ,with ,anecdotes of ,famous ,taverns and ,remarkable ,characters4 ,by ,,jacob ,,larwood and ,,john ,,camden ,,hotten4 ,,seventh ,,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #ehj pp41 #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration3 ,,bull ,,and ,,mouth4 ,it is not fair on the part of a reviewer to pick out the plums of an author's book1 thus filching away his cream1 and leaving little but skim-milk remaining2 but1 even if we were ever so maliciously inclined1 we could not in the present instance pick out all ,messrs4 ,larwood and ,hotten's plums1 because the good things are so numerous as to defy the most wholesale depredation4--,the ,times4 999999 ,nearly #ajj most curious illustrations on wood are given1 showing the various old signs which were formerly hung from taverns and other houses4 ,,charles ,,dickens' ,,early ,,sketches4 ,sketches of ,young ,couples1 ,young ,ladies and ,young ,gentlemen4 ,by ,,quiz 7,,charles ,,dickens74 ,with #ah ,steel-plate ,illustrations by ,,phiz 7,h4 ,k4 ,,browne74 ,a ,new ,edition1 crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,the ,slang ,dictionary3 ,etymological1 ,historical1 and ,anecdotal4 ,an ,,entirely ,,new ,,edition1 revised throughout1 and considerably ,enlarged1 containing upwards of a thousand more words than the last edition4 ,crown #hvo1 with ,curious ,illustrations1 cloth extra1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,valuable as a work of reference4--,saturday ,review4 ,a ,,keepsake ,,for ,,smokers4 ,the ,smoker's ,text-,book4 ,by ,j4 ,,hamer1 ,f4,r4,s4,l4 ,exquisitely printed from silver-faced type1 cloth1 very neat1 gilt edges1 #bs4 #f;d41 post free4 ,,west-,,end ,,life ,,and ,,doings4 ,the ,story of the ,london ,parks4 ,by ,,jacob ,,larwood4 ,with numerous ,illustrations1 ,coloured and ,plain4 ,in ,one thick ,volume1 crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a most interesting work1 giving a complete ,history of these favourite out-of-door resorts1 from the earliest period to the present time4 ,,charming ,,new ,,travel-,,book4 ,illustration3 ,it may be we shall touch the happy isles4 ,summer ,cruising in the ,south ,seas4 ,by ,,charles ,,warren ,,stoddard4 ,with nearly ,thirty ,engravings on ,wood1 drawn by ,,wallis ,,mackay4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 extra gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,chapters descriptive of life and adventure in the ,south ,sea ,islands1 in the style made so popular by ,the ,earl and the ,doctor4 ,,algernon ,,charles ,,swinburne',s ,,works4 ,illustration ,swinburne's ,william ,blake3 ,a ,critical ,essay4 ,with facsimile ,paintings1 ,coloured by ,hand1 after the ,drawings by ,blake and his ,wife4 ,thick #hvo1 cloth extra1 price #afs4 ,swinburne's ,atalanta in ,calydon4 ,new ,edition4 ,foolscap #hvo1 price #fs4 ,swinburne's ,bothwell4 ,a ,new ,poem4 ,in preparation4 ,swinburne's ,chastelard4 ,a ,tragedy4 ,new ,edition4 ,price #gs4 ,swinburne's ,poems and ,ballads4 ,new ,edition4 ,price #is4 ,swinburne's ,notes on his ,poems1 and on the ,reviews which have appeared upon them4 ,price #as4 ,swinburne's ,queen ,mother and ,rosamond4 ,new ,edition4 ,foolscap #hvo1 price #es4 ,swinburne's ,song of ,italy4 ,foolscap #hvo1 toned paper1 cloth1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,william ,,combe',s ,,best ,,work4 ,dr4 ,syntax's ,three ,tours4 ,,with ,,the ,,whole ,,of ,,rowlandson',s ,,very ,,droll ,,full-,,page ,,illustrations1 ,,in ,,colours1 ,,after ,,the ,,original ,,drawings4 ,comprising the well-known ,,tours-- #a4 ,,in ,,search ,,of ,,the ,,picturesque4 #b4 ,,in ,,search ,,of ,,consolation4 #c4 ,,in ,,search ,,of ,a ,,wife4 ,the ,three-,series ,complete and ,unabridged1 with a ,life of the ,author by ,,john ,,camden ,,hotten4 #hvo1 cloth extra1 gilt1 in one handsome volume1 price #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,one of the most amusing and laughable books ever published4 ,a ,,smaller ,,edition1 with ,eight ,coloured ,plates1 the text complete1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ,illustration3 ,,theodore ,,hook',s ,,house1 ,,near ,,putney4 ,theodore ,hook's ,ramsbottom ,papers4 ,the whole #bi ,letters1 complete and unabridged1 precisely as they left the pen of their genial and witty ,author4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 illustrated cover1 #as4 ,taylor's ,history of ,playing ,cards4 ,with ,sixty curious ,illustrations1 #eej pp41 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,illustration 999999 ,ancient and ,modern ,games1 ,conjuring1 ,fortune-,telling1 and ,card ,sharping1 ,gambling and ,calculation1 ,cartomancy1 ,old ,gaming-,houses1 ,card ,revels and ,blind ,hookey1 ,picquet and ,vingt-et-un1 ,whist and ,cribbage1 ,tricks1 c4 ,illustration ,thackerayana4 ,notes and ,anecdotes illustrative of ,scenes and ,characters in the ,works of ,,william ,,makepeace ,,thackeray4 ,with nearly ,four ,hundred ,illustrations1 coloured and plain4 ,in #hvo1 uniform with the ,library ,edition of his works1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,theodore ,hook's ,choice ,humorous ,works1 with his ,ludicrous ,adventures1 ,bons-mots1 ,puns1 and ,hoaxes4 ,with a new ,life of the ,author4 ,,portraits1 ,,facsimiles1 and ,,illustrations4 ,cr4 #hvo1 #fjj pages1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,as a wit and humorist of the highest order his name will be preserved4 ,his political songs and jeux d'esprit1 when the hour comes for collecting them1 will form a volume of sterling and lasting attraction6--,j4 ,g4 ,,lockhart4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,subscription ,,room ,,at ,,brookes',s4 ,timbs' ,clubs and ,club ,life in ,london4 ,with ,,anecdotes of its ,,famous ,,coffee ,,houses1 ,,hostelries1 and ,,taverns4 ,by ,,john ,,timbs1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,new ,edition1 with ,,numerous ,,illustrations1 drawn expressly4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #fjj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a ,companion to ,the ,history of ,sign-,boards4 ,it abounds in quaint stories of old ,london ,clubs--the ,blue ,stocking1 ,kit ,kat1 ,beef ,steak1 ,robin ,hood1 ,mohocks1 ,scriblerus1 ,one o',clock1 the ,civil1 and hundreds of others2 together with ,tom's1 ,dick's1 ,button's1 ,ned's1 ,will's1 and the famous ,coffee ,houses of the last century4 ,a full account of the great modern clubs of ,pall ,mall and ,st4 ,james's is also given4 ,the book is a mine of anecdote4 ,timbs' ,english ,eccentrics and ,eccentricities4 ,stories of ,wealth and ,fashion1 ,delusions1 ,impostures and ,fanatic ,missions1 ,strange ,sights and ,sporting ,scenes1 ,eccentric ,artists1 ,theatrical ,folks1 ,men of ,letters1 c4 ,by ,,john ,,timbs1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,an entirely ,new ,edition1 with numerous ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #fjj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,preparing4 ,,uniform ,,with ,,the ,,turf1 ,,chase1 ,,and ,,road4 ,tom ,smith4 ,reminiscences of the late ,,thomas ,,assheton ,,smith1 ,esq42 or1 ,the ,pursuits of an ,english ,country ,gentleman4 ,by ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,,eardley ,,wilmot1 ,bart4 ,a ,new and ,revised ,edition1 with steel-plate ,portrait1 and plain and coloured ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,vers de ,socit4 ,an entirely ,new ,selection1 fuller and better than any hitherto made2 introducing all the ,old ,favourites1 and many new ones4 ,edited by ,h4 ,,cholmondeley ,,pennell1 ,author of ,puck on ,pegasus4 ,beautifully printed1 and bound in cloth1 extra gilt1 #fs4 ,preparing4 ,victor ,hugo's ,les ,misrables3 ,fantine4 ,now first published in an ,english ,translation1 complete and unabridged4 ,post #hvo1 illustrated boards1 #bs4 ,nearly ready4 ,the other ,stories 7each complete in itself7 will follow4 ,vyner's ,notitia ,venatica3 ,a ,treatise on ,fox-,hunting1 the ,general ,management of ,hounds1 and the ,diseases of ,dogs2 ,distemper and ,rabies2 ,kennel ,lameness1 c4 ,sixth ,edition1 ,enlarged4 ,by ,,robert ,c4 ,,vyner1 ,esq41 of ,eathorpe ,hall1 ,warwickshire4 ,,with ,,spirited ,,illustrations ,,in ,,colours1 ,,by ,,alken1 ,,of ,,memorable ,,fox-,,hunting ,,scenes4 ,royal #hvo1 cloth extra1 #bas4 999999 ,an entirely new edition of the best work on ,fox-,hunting4 ,walt ,whitman's ,leaves of ,grass4 ,the ,complete ,work1 precisely as issued by the ,author in ,washington4 ,a thick volume1 #hvo1 green cloth1 price #is4 ,whitman is a poet who bears and needs to be read as a whole1 and then the volume and torrent of his power carry the disfigurements along with it and away4 ,he is really a fine fellow4--,chambers's ,journal4 ,warrant to ,execute ,charles ,i4 ,an exact ,facsimile of this important ,document1 with the ,fifty-nine ,signatures of the ,regicides1 and corresponding ,seals1 admirably executed on paper made to imitate the original document1 #bb in4 by #ad in4 ,price #bs42 or1 handsomely framed and glazed in carved oak of antique pattern1 #ads4 #f;d4 ,warrant to ,execute ,mary ,queen of ,scots4 ,the ,exact ,facsimile of this important ,document1 including the ,signature of ,queen ,elizabeth and ,facsimile of the ,great ,seal1 on tinted paper1 made to imitate the ,original ,,ms4 ,price #bs42 or1 handsomely framed and glazed in carved oak of antique pattern1 #ads4 #f;d4 ,illustration ,wonderful ,characters3 ,memoirs and ,anecdotes of ,remarkable and ,eccentric ,persons of ,every ,age and ,nation4 ,from the text of ,,henry ,,wilson and ,,james ,,caulfield4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 with ,sixty-one full-page ,engravings of ,extraordinary ,persons1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,there are so many curious matters discussed in this volume1 that any person who takes it up will not readily lay it down until he has read it through4 ,the ,introduction is almost entirely devoted to a consideration of ,pig-,faced ,ladies1 and the various stories concerning them4 ,wright's 7,andrew7 ,court-,hand ,restored2 or1 ,student's ,assistant in ,reading ,old ,deeds1 ,charters1 ,records1 c4 ,half ,morocco1 a ,new ,edition1 #ajs4 #f;d4 999999 ,the best guide to the reading of old ,records1 c4 ,wright's ,history of ,caricature and the ,grotesque in ,art1 in ,literature1 ,sculpture1 and ,painting1 from the ,earliest ,times to the ,present ,day4 ,by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,profusely illustrated by ,,fairholt4 ,small #dto1 cloth extra gilt1 red edges1 #bas4 ,illustration ,wright's ,caricature ,history of the ,georges 7,house of ,hanover74 ,a very ,entertaining ,book of #fdj pages1 with #djj ,pictures1 ,caricatures1 ,squibs1 ,broadsides1 ,window ,pictures1 c4 ,by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,a few copies of a ,large ,paper ,edition are still on sale1 with extra ,portraits1 bound in half-morocco1 #cjs4 ,a set of caricatures such as we have in ,mr4 ,wright's volume brings the surface of the age before us with a vividness that no prose writer1 even of the highest power1 could emulate4 ,macaulay's most brilliant sentence is weak by the side of the little woodcut from ,gillray1 which gives us ,burke and ,fox4--,saturday ,review4 ,,all ,,the ,,best ,,american ,,humour4 ,yankee ,drolleries4 ,edited by ,,george ,,augustus ,,sala4 ,containing ,,artemus ,,ward1 ,,his ,,book2 ,,biglow ,,papers2 ,,orpheus ,c4 ,,kerr2 ,,major ,,jack ,,downing2 and ,,nasby ,,papers4 #gjj pages1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,more ,yankee ,drolleries4 ,a ,second ,series of the best ,american ,humourists4 ,containing ,,artemus ,,ward',s ,,travels2 ,,hans ,,breitmann2 ,,the ,,professor ,,at ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table2 ,,biglow ,,papers1 ,part ,,ii42 and ,,josh ,,billings2 with an ,introduction by ,,george ,,augustus ,,sala4 #gjj pages1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,third ,supply of ,yankee ,drolleries4 ,containing ,,artemus ,,ward',s ,,fenians2 ,,the ,,autocrat ,,of ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table2 ,,bret ,,harte',s ,,stories2 ,,the ,,innocents ,,abroad2 and ,,new ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress2 with an ,introduction by ,,george ,,augustus ,,sala4 #gjj pages1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,popular ,shilling ,books1 mostly ,humorous1 ,in ,illustrated ,covers4 7,see also under alphabetical arrangement47 ,,american ,,happy ,,thoughts4 ,,artemus ,,ward3 ,,among ,,the ,,mormons4 ---- ---- ,,his ,,book4 ---- ---- ,,letters ,,to ,,punch4 ,,awful ,,crammers4 ,by ,titus ,a4 ,brick4 ,,babies ,,and ,,ladders4 ,by ,emmanuel ,kink4 ,,biglow ,,papers4 ,,bret ,,harte',s ,,east ,,and ,,west4 ---- ---- ,,luck ,,of ,,roaring ,,camp4 ---- ---- ,,stories ,,of ,,the ,,sierras4 ,,bright',s ,,speeches1 cloth4 ,,brown 7,mr47 ,,on ,,the ,,goings ,,on ,,of ,,mrs4 ,,brown4 ,,byron ,,in ,,love4 ,by ,howard ,paul4 ,,carlyle 7,,thomas7 ,,on ,,the ,,choice ,,of ,,books4 ,,chips ,,from ,a ,,rough ,,log4 ,,danbury ,,newsman4 ,by ,j4 ,m4 ,bailey4 ,,derby ,,day3 a ,sporting ,novel4 ,,dod ,,grile',s ,,fiend',s ,,delight4 ---- ---- ,,nuggets ,,and ,,dust4 ,,du ,,chaillu',s ,,country ,,of ,,the ,,dwarfs4 ,,fun ,,for ,,the ,,million4 ,by the best ,humourists of the ,day4 ,,hans ,,breitmann',s ,,ballads4 ,,hatton',s ,,kites ,,and ,,pigeons4 ,illustrated4 ,,holmes' ,,autocrat ,,of ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table4 ---- ,,poet ,,at ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table4 ---- ,,professor ,,at ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table4 ---- ,,wit ,,and ,,humour4 ,,hood',s ,,whims ,,and ,,oddities4 ,both ,series1 complete4 ,,josh ,,billings3 ,,his ,,book ,,of ,,sayings4 ,,lamb',s ,,essays ,,of ,,elia4 ,both ,series1 complete4 ,,mr4 ,,sprouts3 ,,his ,,opinions4 ,,mark ,,twain',s ,,innocents ,,abroad4 ---- ---- ,,jumping ,,frog4 ---- ---- ,,new ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress4 ---- ---- ,,practical ,,jokes4 ---- ---- ,,screamers4 ,,mystery ,,of ,,mr4 ,e4 ,,drood4 ,by ,o4 ,c4 ,kerr4 ,,never ,,caught4 ,the ,blockade-runner's ,story4 ,,orpheus ,c4 ,,kerr ,,papers4 ,,piccadilly ,,annual ,,for #ahgd3 ,,knowing ,,ones ,,at ,,home4 ,,policeman ,y3 ,,ballads4 ,illustrated4 ,,rochefoucauld',s ,,maxims1 with ,sainte-,beuve's ,essay4 ,,rogues ,,and ,,vagabonds ,,of ,,the ,,racecourse4 ,,ross',s ,,unlikely ,,tales ,,and ,,wrong-,,headed ,,essays4 ,,shaving ,,them4 ,by ,titus ,a4 ,brick4 ,,theodore ,,hook',s ,,ramsbottom ,,papers4 ,the ,golden ,library of the ,best ,authors4 999999 ,a charming collection of ,favourite ,works1 elegantly printed in ,handy ,volumes1 uniform with the ,tauchnitz ,series4 7,see also under alphabetical arrangement47 ,,bayard ,,taylor4--,,diversions ,,of ,,the ,,echo ,,club4 #as4 #f;d42 cloth1 #bs4 ,,carlyle4--,,on ,,the ,,choice ,,of ,,books4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,charles ,,lamb4--,,the ,,essays ,,of ,,elia4 ,complete4 ,both ,series4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,holmes4--,,autocrat ,,of ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ------ ,,professor ,,at ,,the ,,breakfast ,,table4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,hood4--,,whims ,,and ,,oddities4 #hj ,illustrations4 ,two ,series1 complete4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,leigh ,,hunt4--,a ,,tale ,,for ,a ,,chimney ,,corner1 and other ,essays4 #as4 #d;d42 cloth1 #as4 #aj;d4 ,,leland4--,,hans ,,breitmann',s ,,ballads1 ,complete4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,rochefoucauld4 ,,reflections ,,and ,,moral ,,maxims4 ,with ,essay by ,,sainte-,,beuve4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,shelley4--,,poetical ,,works4 ,from the ,author's ,original ,editions4 ,first ,series1 ,,queen ,,mab and ,,early ,,poems4 ,second ,series1 ,,laon ,,and ,,cythna1 the ,,cenci1 and ,,later ,,poems4 ,each ,series #as4 #h;d42 in cloth1 #bs4 #b;d4 ,,sir ,t4 ,,mallory4--,,the ,,old ,,prose ,,stories from which ,,tennyson took his ,,idylls ,,of ,,the ,,king4 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,j4 ,,ogden ,,and ,,co41 ,,printers1 #agb1 ,,st4 ,,john ,,street1 ,e4,c4 ,,transcriber',s ,,note ,italic text is denoted by underscores4 ,bold text is denoted by equal signs4 ,obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources4 ,footnotes have been moved to the end of the book text1 and before the publisher's ,book ,catalog4 ,some ,footnotes are very long4 ,the #c-star asterism symbol in the ,catalog is denoted by 9999994 ,to avoid duplication1 the page numbering in the publisher's ,book ,catalog at the back of the book has a suffix ,c added1 so that for example page #bc in the ,catalog is denoted as #bc;,c4 ,footnotes #ac and #bi are referenced from the prior ,footnotes #ab and #bh1 not from the text itself4 ,for consistency and to follow the intent of the publisher1 the ,,plate illustrations have been moved to the beginning of the section describing them4 ,in most cases this was only one or two paragraphs earlier than the original book layout4 ,except for those changes noted below1 all misspellings in the text1 and inconsistent or archaic usage1 have been retained4 ,for example1 enniched2 biasses2 dismission2 disquisitions2 threadbare1 thread-bare2 shoeblack1 shoe-black4 ,pg #ag1 ',leonarda da ,vinci' replaced by ',leonardo da ,vinci'4 ,pg #ah1 'reply the monarch' replaced by 'replied the monarch'4 ,pg #ah1 ',leonarda da ,vinci' replaced by ',leonardo da ,vinci'4 ,pg #df1 ,footnote #ab1 ',albert ,durer' replaced by ',albrecht ,durer'4 ,pg #eg1 ',gobelines' replaced by ',gobelins'4 ,pg #fj1 ,illustration caption3 ',,beauty1 ,,plate ,,ii4' replaced by ',,beauty1 ,,plate ,i4'4 ,pg #gd1 ',corregio's ,sigismunda' replaced by ',correggio's ,sigismunda'4 ,pg #gf1 'even by ,corregio' replaced by 'even by ,correggio'4 ,pg #adj1 'similiar compliment' replaced by 'similar compliment'4 ,pg #bag1 'artifical light' replaced by 'artificial light'4 ,catalog of ,books3 ,pg #ae;,c1 'very beau-ful' replaced by 'very beautiful'4 ,pg #ch;,c1 'wholesale de redation' replaced by 'wholesale depredation'4 ,pg #dc;,c1 'booh is a mine' replaced by 'book is a mine'4