,transcrib] ,note ,orig9al text lack$ a ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,text emphasis d5ot$ z ,italics & ,bold4 ,w,hole & fractional p>ts ( numb]s z #ab-c_/d4 ,,! ,,bee-,,keep]',s ,,manual ,illu/ration ,,! ,,bee-,,keep]',s ,,manual1 ,,or ,,practical ,,h9ts ,,on ,,! ,,managem5t ,,& ,,complete ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,! ,,honey-,,bee2 ,,) ,a ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,approv$ ,,hives1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,appurt5ances ,,( ,,! ,,api>y4 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,taylor4 ,,six? ,,edition1 ,,) ,,additions4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,num]\s ,,engrav+s4 ,,london3 ,,groombridge ,,& ,,sons1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 ,,mdccclx4 ,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,! ,bee-,keep]'s ,manual4 #a ,! ,que5 or ,"m ,bee #d ,! ,common or ,work+ ,bees #aa ,sw>m+ 7or ,s+le ,hiv+7 & ,depriv+ ,sy/ems #ba ,common ,/raw 7or ,s+le7 ,hives #bg ,/raw ,depriv+ ,hives #cj ,hive-,cov]s #cg ,floor or ,hive-,bo>ds #db ,hive-,/&s1 or ,p$e/als #cg ,wood ,box ,hives #ea ,wood ,b> ,boxes #ed ,b> ,glass ,hives #gb ,/raw ,b>-,hives #gc ,circul> ,wood5 ,hives #ge ,collat]al ,sy/em #gh ,:ite's ,collat]al ,hive #ha ,nutt's ,collat]al ,hive #hb ,nadir ,hive #hg ,bee ,%$s & ,h\ses #id ,position & ,aspect #ig ,bee ,passage & ,numb] ( ,hives #aja ,summ] ,managem5t4 #ajf ,wax & ,combs #aji ,propolis #aab ,honey #aac ,poll5 & ,f>9a #aac ,wat] #aae ,%ade #aae ,mo?s1 ,wasps1 ,hornets1 & ,o!r ,enemies #aaf ,sup]-hiv+ #aai ,bell-glasses #abj ,triplets & ,nadirs #abb ,autumnal ,managem5t4 #abd ,remove a ,full ,box or ,sup] #abe ,honey ,h>ve/ #abh ,comb-,knives #acj ,robb]s #aca ,autumnal ,fe$+ #acb ,fe$+-tr\ghs #acc ,bee ,food #acg ,w9t] ,/ore #ach ,autumnal ,unions1 ,fum+1 & ,transf]r+ ,bees #adj ,driv+ ( ,bees #aeb ,w9t] ,managem5t4 #aeg ,w9t] ,position+ #aeh ,damp 9 ,hives #afa ,temp]ature #afb ,dys5t]y #afd ,spr+ ,managem5t4 #aff ,clean+ or ,*ang+ ,floor-bo>ds #afg ,comb-prun+ #afg ,g5]al ,directions #afh ,spr+ ,fe$+ #agj ,enemies & ,robb]s #age ,sup]-hives #agf ,temp]ature & ,wea!r #agg ,sw>m+ #ahj ,return+ ( ,sw>ms #ahc ,aft]-sw>ms #ahf ,unit+ ( ,sw>ms #aib ,prev5tion ( ,aft]-sw>ms #aic ,maid5 ,sw>ms #aif ,g5]al ,directions on ,sw>m+ #aif ,artificial ,sw>m+ #aii ,divid+ ,b>-,hive #bjd ,bee-,protector #bjh ,rem$y = ! ,/+ ( a ,bee #baj ,conclusion4 #bab ,index4 #bag ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,f\r? ,,edition4 ,twelve ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! orig9al publication ( ! ,bee-keep]'s ,manual4 ,= ! f\r? "t ! au?or is call$ ^u to revise 8 little book1 & he /ill ?9ks t ! lead+ object 9 (f]+ x to public notice w be/ be expla9$ 9 ! words ) :i* x 0 fir/ introduc$4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! foll[+ pages _h its orig91 "s "t ago1 9 ! reque/ ( a fri5d1 t ! au?or w\ld give him a brief practical comp5dium ( ! managem5t ( ,bees1 on ! humane or depriv+ sy/em4 ,simil> applications came f o!r qu>t]s4 ,! subject is "o :i* has ( late acquir$ increas$ int]e/2 b ! h9ts foll[+ w\ld p]haps nev] h be5 prep>$ = ! press1 _h n ! h\rs ( a protract$ conf9em5t by illness requir$ "s div]sity ( occupation & amusem5t4 ,on review+ 8 exp]i5ce z an amateur bee-keep]1 ! au?or 0 l$ to believe t ! result ( x1 add$ to a concise view ( su* p>ticul>s z are usually spread ov] a l>ge surface 9 works ( ?is nature1 & arrang$ accord+ to ! progressive ord] ( ! seasons1 might be useful to o!rs1 seek+ l himself occasional relaxation f weighti] matt]s 9 wat*+ ov] & protect+ ^! int]e/+ & valuable insects4 ,/ep by /ep ?is or t defect ( con/ruction 9 8 ,hives _h be5 rem$i$1 & su* conv5i5ces add$ z necessity or ! _s ( improvem5t f "t to "t _h sugge/$4 ,^! are briefly describ$ 9 ! foll[+ little "w4 ,if x h ! good =tune1 ?\gh 9 a small degree1 to smoo? ! pa? 7usually a r\gh & unc]ta9 "o7 ( ! api>ian novice1--( remov+ ignorance & prejudice1 or ( obviat+ any portion ( ! difficulties ) :i* a m g5]al cultivation ( bees has to cont5d1--:y may n ! contribution ( ?is mite be consid]$ a humble addition to ! /ore ( ,,useful ,,k8 ,9 its pres5t r5ew$ =m1 ! au?or has be5 induc$ p>tially to ext5d 8 fir/ design 7orig9ally mu* re/rict$ 9 its scope71 by ent]+ some:at m at l>ge into ! subject ( ,bee managem5t1 & ! g5]al details ( practice4 ,al?\gh n pr(ess+ to (f] 8 rem>ks to any p>ticul> class ( read]s1 he is1 nev]!less1 incl9$ to ?9k !y w frequ5tly be f\nd1 9 an especial degree1 applicable to ! position ( ! amateur ,api>ian4 ,= ! peculi> use ( cottage bee-keep]s1 tracts & scraps innum]able h be5 issu$1--probably ) v unc]ta9 effect4 ,9 %ort1 !re is little room = d\bt t ^! c be m effectually b5efit$ by example & v]bal advice1 ?an by any k9d ( pr9t$ in/ructions4 ,be ?is z x may1 putt+ out ( ! "q ! long tra9 ( cont+5cies incid5t to locality1 season1 c41 mu* mu/ (t5 be left to individual judgm5t & c>eful obs]vation2 & no writ] c be expect$ to meet e supposable case ( difficulty 9 deal+ ) insects confess$ly (t5 s intractable z bees4 ,! au?or1 !re=e1 mu/ be consid]$ z m]ely lay+ d[n a s*eme ( g5]al recomm5dations2 aim+ mu* less at novelty ?an at pla9 practical utility2 n hesitat+ occasionally to borr[ ! language ( o!r unexceptionable au?orities :]e x cle>ly express$ 8 convictions1 or co9cid$ ) ! results ( 8 own exp]i5ce2 b c>efully ab/a9+ f any int]f]5ce ) ! dogmati/s & hyp]-critics 9 ! settlem5t ( ! affairs ( _! peculi> vocation4 ,if "s ( ! details relative to ! con/ruction ( hives or _! appurt5ances appe> to be t$i\s to ! g5]al read]1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ^! are *iefly address$ to ! me*anic1 :o w n be f\nd to object t 8 p>ticul> dep>tm5t has receiv$ ! aid ( a c>eful att5tion to matt]s ( description & direction4 ,on ! :ole1 ! au?or is induc$ to hope t ! improv$ arrangem5t1 additional in=mation1 & v>iety ( illu/ration n[ introduc$1 w r5d] sup]flu\s any apology = a small unavoidable increase 9 ! size ( ! book4 ,april1 #ahej4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fif? ,,edition4 ,9 once m revis+ ! foll[+ pages = republication1 ! au?or has /ill kept 9 view ! purpose 9 :i* !y orig9at$1 z ref]r$ to 9 a =m] preface1 & :i* is aga9 prefix$4 ,he tru/s t ! int]v5+ p]iod has n be5 unpr(itably occupi$ 9 ! task ( cont9u$ inve/igation & exp]im5t relative to ! g5]al economy ( ! ,bee2 9 ! introduction ei!r ( orig9al inv5tion or improvem5t z reg>ds ! me*anical requirem5ts ( ! ,api>y2 & 9 matur+ ! _m useful sugge/ions d]iv$ 9 ! c\rse ( a pretty widely ext5d$ correspond5ce4 ,! incorporation ( matt] ?us aris+ mu/ be ! apology1 if su* is ne$$1 = ! omission or abridgm5t1 "h & !re1 ( "s t a lat] exp]i5ce _h sup]s$$ or modifi$4 ,f ^! causes ! rewrit+ ( _m portions ( ! "w became a necessity1 toge!r ) ! introduction ( mu* new illu/ration1--on ! :ole result+ 9 a slightly enl>g$ volume4 ,"u ! circum/ances ( accumulat$ mat]ials1 cond5sation 0 (t5 f\nd m difficult ( accompli%m5t ?an expansion1 _h ?is be5 ?\ght desirable2 b brevity ?r\gh\t has be5 ! aim1 s f> z seem$ consi/5t ) cle> explanation & obvi\s utility4 ,a "w on ! ,honey-,bee1 ?us re/rict$ 9 its object & scope almo/ entirely to details ( a practical be>+1 may n entitle x to mu* lit]>y or sci5tific consid]ation1 b--)\t ref]5ce to ! claims involv$ 9 a l>ge circulation--! au?or w nev] regret ! "t & ?\ght be/[$1 :]e ! lead+ aim 0 ! welf>e & pres]vation ( "o ( ! mo/ curi\s ( ,god's creatures2 & ! dissem9ation ( k 9 relation to a pursuit 9 rural life1 ( m g5]al int]e/1 probably1 ?an _m k9dr$ ones ( high] pret5sions4 ,augu/1 #ahee4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,six? ,,edition4 ,a cont9u$1 or r an increas+ sale ( ! ,bee-keep]'s ,manual has1 = ! six? "t1 r5d]$ a repr9t necess>y2 confirm+ ! belief t a "w1 fir/ appe>+ z ! amusem5t ( an idle h\r1 has1 9 its m rec5t ext5d$ =m1 n be5 unappreciat$1 z supply+ a m$ium betwe5 ! co/ly treatises ( elaborate inve/igators & compil]s & ! class ( m]e tracts on ,bee managem5t1 t h1 ) m or less ( pret5sion1 ab\nd$ ( late ye>s4 ,^! are sometimes direct$ to deta*$ po9ts or portions only 9 ! wide & div]sifi$ field ( controv]sy op5$ 9 relation to ! ,honey-,bee1 or conf9$ by space to ! usual desultory scraps ( in=mation = ! guidance ( ! inexp]i5c$ tyro1 or suppos$ cottag]2 communicat+ j en\gh to prove ! necessity ( advanc+ a /ep fur!r1 by consult+ works t take a wid] & m sy/ematic view ( ! subject 9 its details4 ,! prefaces to ! two la/ editions ( ! book are aga9 plac$ be=e ! read]1 z %[+ t1 9 its successive /ages1 ! au?or's purpose has be5 ! cond5sation ( a l>ge am\nt ( useful api>ian k1 assi/$ by an unusual v>iety ( illu/ration4 ,! pres5t republication pr(ess$ly foll[s 9 ! pa? ( its pr$ecessors2 su* additional matt] or rem>k be+ occasionally introduc$ z space p]mitt$1 & ! onw>d progress ( improvem5t appe>$ to dem&4 ,may1 #ahfj4 ,:at well appo9t$ ,commonweal?s6 :]e ea* ,adds to ! /ock ( happ9ess = all2 ,wisdom's own =ums6 :]e pr(essors tea* ,eloqu5t lessons 9 _! vault$ hall3 ,gall]ies ( art1 & s*ools ( indu/ry6 ,/ores ( ri* fragrance6 ,or*e/ras ( song6 ,:at m>vell\s seats ( hidd5 al*ymy6 ,h[ (t1 :5 w&]+ f> & err+ long1 ,man might le>n ,tru? & ,virtue f ! ,bee6 ,b[r+4 ,,! ,,bee-,,keep]',s ,,manual4 ,! ,hive or dome/ic ,honey ,bee ( ?is c\ntry is class$ entomologically ,apis mellifica1 ord] ,hym5opt]a1 z hav+ f\r w+s4,a ,! limits to :i* a ,bee-keep]'s ,manual ( practice is necess>ily conf9$1 p]mits only ! rem>k t ^! extraord9>y insects are1 z to orig9 & hi/ory1 lo/ 9 ! mi/s ( a remote antiquity4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t !y1 _! habits & productions1 are allud$ to 9 ,scripture1 & attract$ m>k$ att5tion & admiration 9 ! e>ly ea/]n communities1 :]e d\btless 0 famili> _! *>act]i/ic ,ori5tal "n1 ,deburah1--%e t speake?4 ,subsequ5tly1 ! bee has spread itself1 or be5 c>ri$1 9 spite ( clime & temp]ature1 ov] a l>ge portion ( ! old cont95ts2 foll[+ 9 ! wake ( civiliz$ man :]ev] he has plac$ 8 foot 9 ! primeval =e/s ( ! new _w2 & lat] on1 9 our own "t1 has be5 receiv$ z a fri5d & b5efactor 9 ! b\ndless regions ( ,au/ralasia & ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,f ! "t ( ,ari/otle d[n to our own day1 treatises on ,bees h ev] be5 popul>1 & ! curi\s naturali/ has no difficulty 9 collect+ a libr>y relative to a subject app>5tly inexhau/ible4 ,b space all[s u to notice nei!r ! crude speculations to be met ) 9 anci5t lit]ature1 ! unpr(itable disputations too (t5 prevail+ among mod]n ,bee-annali/s1 nor ! endless catalogue ( hives1 possible & impossible1 ( e p]iod1 by :i* ! novice is bewild]$4 ,our pres5t purpose is re/rict$ to a utilit>ian view ( ! subject ( api>ian k1 :]e sci5ce1 inv5tion1 & ! mo/ compet5t te/imony1 h comb9$ to place x 9 our own day4 ,a ,al?\gh 9 ! foll[+ pages ! ,apis mellifica alone is ref]r$ to1 x may be well "h to /ate t att5tion has rec5tly be5 direct$1 n only 9 our own c\ntry1 b 9 a /ill high] degree 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 & ev5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 to ! introduction ( ! ,ligurian ,bee1 or ,apis ,ligu/ica ( ,italy1 ! race mo/ probably t 0 kn[n to ,ari/otle & ,virgil1 &1 p]haps1 to ! anci5t ,greeks4 ,! combs ( ?is species ( bee closely resemble ^? ( ! common k9d1 b its outw>d *>act]i/ics exhibit a m>k$ diff]5ce2 ! fir/ r+s ( ! abdom5 be+ ( a r$di% col\r1 in/ead ( d>k br[n4 ,a f]tile ,ligurian que5 is readily accept$ 9 an ,engli% /ock-hive1 f :i* a common que5 has be5 ab/ract$1 & 9 due "t "y ,italians are di/+ui%able1 gradually displac+ ! orig9al inhabitants4 ,report speaks favorably ( ! sup]iority ( ! /rang]s ov] our own bee1 z m h>dy1 m labori\s1 less irascible1 & z sw>m+ e>li]4 ,to ^? :o may be unacqua9t$ ) ! lead+ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,honey ,bee1 x is necess>y to premise t 9 e family1 :5 fully con/itut$1 its memb]s are ( ?ree k9ds ( individuals2 viz41 ,a ,que51 or ,"m ,bee1 ,illu/ration ,! ,common1 or ,work+ ,bees2 ,illu/ration ,& 7dur+ a "p ( ! ye>7 ! ,male1 or ,drone ,bees4 ,illu/ration ,?us associat$1 !y sev]ally p]=m _! allott$ functions 9 great h>mony1 lab\r+ = ! g5]al good1 comb9+ 9 self-def5ce1 recognis+ "o ano!r1 b p]mitt+ ! intrusion ( no /rang] )9 ! hive4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,or ,,"m ,,bee ,is d>k] on ! back1 long]1 & m tap] t[>ds ! end ( h] body ?an ! common bees2 has long] legs b %ort] w+s1 & is ( a tawny or yell[i%-br[n col\r und]nea?4 ,%e is supreme 9 ! hive1 admitt+ no rival or equal2 & is arm$ ) a /+1 some:at m curv$ 9 =m ?an t ( ! common bees1 :i*1 h[ev]1 %e r>ely uses4 ,:]e %e goes ! o!r bees foll[2 & s indisp5sable is h] pres5ce to ! exi/5ce ( ! commonweal?1 t :]e %e is n none w long rema94 ,%e is ! "m ( ! entire community1 h] (fice be+ to lay ! eggs f :i* all proce$1 :e!r future que5s1 drones1 or work]s4 ,sep>ate h] f ! family1 & %e in/9ctively res5ts ! injury1 refuses food1 p9es1 & dies4 ,)\t a ,que51 or a prospect ( "o1 ! lab\r ( ! hive is susp5d$1 & a gradual disp]sion or emigration ( ! community ensues4 ,illu/ration ,^? :o h exam9$ ! appe>ance ( a bee-hive1 aft] x has be5 fill$ ) combs dur+ a ye>1 w recollect see+ susp5d$ "h & !re1 c]ta9 small inv]t$ cup-%ap$ =ms4 ,^! are ! p>tially de/roy$ rema9s ( :at 7 design$ = ! bir?places ( "y que5s1 & s-call$ royal cells or cradles4 ,!y are mu* l>g] ?an ! common hexagonal cells 9 :i* ! work+ bees are br$2 v>y+ also 9 _! composition1 ! mat]ial ( :i* appe>s to be a mixture ( wax or propolis1 & ! f>9a ( fl[]s4 ,soon aft] ! f\ndation ( "o ( !m has be5 laid1 an egg is deposit$ 9 x1 ! "w ( completion ( ! cradle be+ c>ri$ on z requir$ by ! increas+ gr[? ( its occupant4 ,:5 f9i%$ & clos$ up1 x pres5ts 9 =m ! appe>ance ( an oblong sph]oid1 ab\t an in* long1 usually app5d$ l a /alactite p]p5dicul>ly to ! edge ( a comb1 ! small end or m\? be+ d[nw>ds1 a position mo/ favorable to economy ( space 9 ! hive4 ,9 numb] ! royal cells v>y f f\r or five to a doz51 & sometimes m4 ,!y are n peopl$ till aft] ! usual great spr+ lay+ ( eggs = ! production ( work+ bees1 prep>atory to sw>m+2 & also ^? to produce drone bees4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! latt]1 or 9 "s /age t[>ds exi/5ce1 is an inv>iable prelim9>y to ! con/ruction ( royal cells1 ! reason = :i* w h]eaft] appe>4 ,! affectionate atta*m5t ev9c$ by ! nurse-bees t[>ds ! royal l>v is m>vell\s1 ! quantity ( food giv5 is pr(use1 & !y arrive sev]ally at maturity on or ab\t ! sixte5? day f ! lay+ ( ea* egg2 ^! hav+ usually an int]val betwe5 !m ( b a few days4 ,( ! "y females or pr9cesses1 z !y are (t5 call$1 & ! mode ( dispos+ ( sup]num]>y ones1 we %all speak m at l>ge :5 we come to treat ( sw>m+4 ,! duration ( life 9 a ,que5 bee1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 is1 by a wise provision = ! p]petuation ( ! species1 mu* m prolong$ ?an is ! case ) ! common bees1 & "s obs]v]s h imag9$ t x may 9 "s in/ances h rea*$ to ne>ly five ye>s4 ,s f> z my k ext5ds1 ! olde/ que5 bee ( :i* we h an au!ntic record1 exi/$1 9 ! api>y ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,gold+1,b dur+ ! space ( ?ree ye>s & elev5 mon?s4 ,%e di$ 9 ,april or ,may1 %[+ little sign ( decrepitude1 judg+ by h] f]tility1 = previ\sly %e _h fill$ ! hive ) an abundance ( brood ( e k9d4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 incl9$ to believe t a ,que5 is (t5] *ang$ ?an we are always aw>e (1 = 9 no?+ 9 ,nature is !re display$ a m c>eful att5tion to ! due pres]vation ( a family ( bees ?an 9 ! provision made = supply+ ! casual vacancies aris+ n m]ely f ! natural demise ( ! sov]eign1 b f o!r causes1 especially ^? involv+ defici5t p[]s or absolute /]ility4 ,i %\ld1 !re=e1 disc\nt5ance any attempt at direct int]f]5ce by ! =cible removal ( a que51 aft] a prescrib$ p]iod1 z has sometimes be5 advocat$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x %\ld happ5 t su* removal is absolutely necess>y1 ! bees w accept a successor z soon z !y h discov]$ _! loss1 :i* is (t5 n till aft] ! lapse ( sev]al h\rs4 ,if all is "r ! previ\s agitation w cease4 ,b ,see ! ',%ill+ ,bee-book1' by ,rob]t ,gold+4 ,& ?is leads u on to a curi\s1 if n unique fact 9 relation to ! natural hi/ory ( ! ,honey bee1 :i* ?\gh probably n unkn[n to ! anci5ts1 0 r$iscov]$ & promulgat$ by ,s*ira*1 a memb] ( an api>ian society1 =m$ 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury at ,little ,bautz51 9 ,upp] ,lusatia4 ,9 contradi/9ction to ! usual way 9 :i* a "y ,que5 is creat$1 prep>atory to ! sw>m+ season1 by :at is d5om9at$ ! natural process1 ! details we are ab\t to give %[ t ! same ?+ may be effect$ by ano!r mode1 or1 z x is said1 artificially4 ,:e!r ^! t]ms1 z oppos$ to ea* o!r1 are rightly appli$ or n1 !y at lea/ m>k a diff]5ce2 & be+ ?us practically und]/ood1 we %all foll[ ! example ( o!r au?ors 9 us+ !m4 ,! fact itself1 />tl+ z at fir/ x seem$1 has be5 s cle>ly au!nticat$1 t any lurk+ scepticism has disappe>$2 &1 inde$1 ! pr9ciple is n[ s well und]/ood & c>ri$ into g5]al use by ! sci5tific ,apiculturi/ t1 9 a popul> treatise on ! ,honey bee1 our object w\ld he imp]fectly accompli%$ )\t ent]+ into a few p>ticul>s 9 connection ) x4 ,& fir/1 we h ! assurance t ! preval5t op9ion z to any suppos$ orig9al or g5]at$ diff]5ce betwe5 common eggs & ^? laid = ! especial production ( ,que5 bees1 is f\nd$ 9 error2 an alt]$ & accel]at$ mode z to ! developm5t ( ! egg be+ all t is ne$$ = ! maturation ( a p]fect female4 ,t we may und]/& ! me?od ( proc$ure on ! "p ( ! bees1 we h to suppose t a hive has be5 depriv$ ( its ,que5 7no matt] :e!r by dea? or design7 at t p>ticul> p]iod :5 eggs & l>v are ea* pres5t 9 ! cells ( ! combs3 su* l>v be+ n m ?an two or ?ree days old1 = ?is is ess5tial4 ,c\ld we at su* a juncture witness ! proce$+s ( ! family1 a spectacle w\ld be pres5t$ ( mu* dome/ic di/ress & confusion :5 x _h be5 discov]$ t ! hive 0 que5less4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 ! sc5e *anges to ! quietude ( hope1 = ! f\ndation ( a que5's cell 7& z a provision aga9/ possible failure1 (t5 ( ?ree or f\r7 is comm5c$ by ! bees1 usually )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,!y select a common grub or l>va1 & enl>ge ! cell x occupies1 by sacrific+ ! ?ree contigu\s ones1 surr\nd+ x ) a cyl9drical enclosure2 ! new cradle ( royalty pres5t+ 9 ?is /age ! appe>ance ( an acorn cup4 ,! embryo ,pr9cess1 = su* %e has n[ become1 is amply suppli$ ) a nurture1 suppos$ to diff] f t giv5 to ! common l>v 7a po9t que/ion$ by "s naturali/s72 h] habitation 9 ! mean:ile receiv+ elongation to suit h] gr[?4 ,ab\t ! fif? day ! worm assumes ! nymph /ate1 ! cell be+ n[ work$ into its usual pe>-%ap$ figure2 ! bees quitt+ x z soon z ! l[] end is f9ally clos$4 ,ab\t ! f\rte5? day a p]fectly develop$ female comes =?1 9 no respect diff]+ f a ,que5 br$ 9 ! natural way4 ,fecundation & ! lay+ ( eggs usually foll[ 9 a few days1 ! economy ( ! hive !n resum+ its wont$ c\rse4 ,! ,que5 bee r>ely leaves home1 or is to be se51 except 9 hives con/ruct$ purposely ) a view to obs]vation4 ,9 su* a "o ,i h frequ5tly wat*$ ! proce$+s1 z %e has leisurely trav]s$ ! combs1 ! bees cle>+ a passage on h] approa*1 _! heads turn$ t[>ds h]1 &1 by repeat$ly t\*+ h] ) _! ant5n1 %[+ a m>k$ atta*m5t1 a fav\r %e is occasionally se5 to return4 ,inde$1 9 "s well-au!nticat$ in/ances1 affection has be5 cont9u$ ev5 aft] h] dea?4 ,! great object ( h] exi/5ce be+ ! p]petuation ( ! species1 h] maje/y seems int5t on no?+ m1 dur+ ^! royal progresses1 ?an peep+ into ! cells z %e passes !m1 ev] & anon select+ "o1 )9 :i* %e ins]ts h] abdom51 & deposits at ! bottom an egg4 ,^! are ab\t ! size ( ^? produc$ by a butt]fly1 b m elongat$1 & ( a blui%-:ite col\r4 ,s prolific are "s ,que5s t ,i h sometimes witness$ an extraord9>y wa/e ( eggs :51 z ! combs h become 9 great "p fill$ ) brood or honey1 %e f9ds a difficulty 9 meet+ ) a suffici5cy ( unoccupi$ cells4 ,9 su* an em]g5cy1 impell$ by necessity1 ! eggs are dropp$ at r&om1 & c>ri$ (f or dev\r$ by ! bees4 ,no d\bt an e>ly & productive season t5ds (t5 to ?is result1 & m>ks ! necessity ( a timely tempor>y addition to ! /or+ room ( ! family4 ,! great lay+ takes place 9 ,april & ,may1 :5 ! numb] ( eggs has be5 v>i\sly e/imat$ by naturali/s at #bjj to #fjj 9 a day1 am\nt+ to an aggregate ( #ej1jjj to #hj1jjj 9 ! ye>4 ,?is s\nds l a great numb]1 rem>ks ,dr4 ,bevan1,c b x is mu* exce$$ by "s o!r insects4 ,inde$1 a wid] calculation has be5 made1 9 8 valuable rem>ks on bees1 by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,dunb>1,d :o ?9ks t "s ,que5s 7= !y are n all equally prolific7 produce #ajj1jjj eggs ye>ly4 ,:5 we take into acc\nt ! enorm\s dem& = ! supply ( sw>ms1 ! con/ant dea?s 9 ! c\rse ( nature1 & ! ?\s&s ( lives always sacrific$ by casualties ( v>i\s k9ds1 at home & abroad1 ,i am incl9$ to lean to ! high] e/imate4 ,no d\bt z ! cold wea!r advances !re is a consid]able fall+ (f 9 ! numb] ( eggs1 b ! int]val is v %ort 9 :i* ! que51 9 a fl\ri%+ hive1 discont9ues lay+ m or less4 ,inde$1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,gold+1 x appe>s t at any "t :5 ! temp]ature is n too l[ = ! bees to appropriate ! food t is giv5 to !m1 ! ,que5 w deposit eggs4 ,c ,see ',! ,honey-,bee1 its ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,physiology1 & ,managem5t4' ,by ,edw>d ,bevan1 ,m4,d4 ,d ,see ! ',naturali/'s ,libr>y1' vol4 xxxiv4 ,,! ,,common ,,or ,,work+ ,,bees ,are ! lea/ 9 size1 & 9 po9t ( numb]s 9 a family are v>i\sly calculat$ at twelve to ?irty ?\s&1 accord+ to ! bulk ( ! sw>m2 ?\gh "u c]ta9 circum/ances !y are sometimes mu* m num]\s4 ,z reg>ds sex1 we h se5 9 ! prec$+ section t !re is no reason to d\bt !y are females1 only t ! reproductive organs & ov>ies are n z fully develop$ z !y are 9 ! case ( a p]fect ,que52 & ?is has l$ to ! errone\s use ( ! t]m neut]s1 z sometimes appli$ to ! common bees4 ,if any d\bt %\ld rema9 z to _! sex1 x is remov$ by ! k t1 9 "s r>e in/ances1 !y h be5 able to produce eggs4 ,l ! ,que51 ea* has ! p[] ( /++4 ,! use ( ! /+1 h[ev]1 usually involves a loss ( life1 =1 be+ b>b$ l an arr[1 ! bee has r>ely ! p[] ( )draw+ x4 ,! eggs = work]s are deposit$ 9 ! common cells 9 ! c5tre ( ! hive1 be+ ! "p fir/ select$ = t purpose1 ! ,que5 usually lay+ !m equally on ea* side ( a comb1 & ne>ly back to back4 ,9 f\r or five days' "t1 !y are hat*$1 :5 a small worm is pres5t$1 rema9+ 9 ! l>va or grub /ate f\r to six days m1 dur+ :i* p]iod x is assidu\sly f$ by ! nurse-bees4 ,! l>v !n assume ! nymph or pupa =m1 & sp9 !mselves a film or cocoon1 ! nurses imm$iately aft] seal+ !m up ) a sub/ance :i* ,hub],e calls wax4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a mixture ( wax & poll51 be+ ?ick]1 m highly col\r$1 m por\s1 & less t5aci\s1 probably to af=d air1 & facilitate ! escape ( ! imprison$ t5ant4 ,?is takes place ab\t ! tw5ty-fir/ day f ! lay+ ( ! egg1 unless ! process has be5 some:at ret>d$ by cold wea!r4 ,! att5tive obs]v] may at ?is "t1 9 a suitable hive1 witness ! /ruggles & scrambl+ into ! _w1 g5]ally by its own ex]tions1 ( ! n[ p]fect imago1 ! little grey new-born %ak+1 bru%+1 & smoo?+ itself1 prep>atory to ent]+ ^u ! duties ( life1 & 9 a day or two1 or soon]1 x is busily occupi$ 9 ! fields4,f ,e ,see ,obs]vations on ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,bees1 by ,francis ,hub]2 ,engli% edition1 ,london1 #ahda4 ,an invaluable "w to ! sci5tific apiculturi/4 ,f ,z soon z ! "y bee comes =?1 ! o!rs p>tially cle> ! cell1 & x aga9 receives an egg2 ?is be+ (t5 repeat$ f\r or five times 9 ! season4 ,aft]w>ds ! cells become ! receptacles = honey or f>9a2 b !y are f\nd 9 "t to become contract$ or ?ick5$ by ?is rapid succession ( t5ants1 & ! consequ5t deposits ( exuvi1 excrem5t1 c4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ by ,hub] & o!r naturali/s1 t "y bees1 br$ 9 old contract$ cells1 are proportionately small] 9 size4 ,su* combs %\ld be remov$ f ! hive4 ,?\gh we h1 z ,i conceive1 no actual pro( t ! occupation ( individual bees is at all times un*angeably direct$ to "o po9t 7z "s naturali/s h imag9$71 obs]vation %[s t ! division ( lab\r is "o ( _! lead+ *>act]i/ics4 ,"s are engag$ 9 secret+ & elaborat+ wax = ! con/ruction ( combs 9 ! hive2 o!rs 9 w>m+ ! eggs2 9 fe$+ ! l>v1 z also _! que52 9 v5tilat+ & cleans+ ! hive2 9 gu>d+ & giv+ notice ( attacks or annoyance f )\t2 & ! re/ 9 se>*+ ! fields & woods = ! purpose ( collect+ honey & f>9a1 = pres5t & future /ore4 ,! longevity ( ! work+ bees has (t5 furni%$ matt] = dispute1 & errone\s ideas h be5 eng5d]$ :]e a family has be5 se5 = a s]ies ( ye>s to cont9ue 9 a popul\s & ?riv+ condition4 ,b dur+ ?is p]iod ! ,que5 7or m ?an "o 9 succession7 has be5 incessantly occupi$ 9 lay+ eggs innum]able1 to supply by new bir?s ! place ( ! c\ntless ?\s&s ( bees t p]iodically disappe>4 ,_! dwell+ has rema9$1 b successive g5]ations ( t5ants h kept its works 9 repair1 giv+ way 9 "t to fre% occupants4 ,x is %[n cle>ly by ,dr4 ,bevan & o!r good au?orities1 bo? by argum5t & actual exp]im5t1 t six to eight mon?s is ! limit ( _! duration2 =1 not)/&+ ! imm5se annual increase1 ! numb]s 9 a hive dw9dle d[n gradually1 ow+ to ! *ills ( autumn & t[>ds ! end ( ! ye>1 to a comp>atively few4 ,!re is no d\bt1 !re=e1 t e bee exi/+ aft] ,*ri/mas 0 br$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! summ] or autumn2 & ?is is a suffici5t answ] to ^? :o sometimes inquire :at is to become ( ! accumulat$ masses ( bees1 9 hives manag$ on ! depriv+ sy/em1 :]e nei!r sw>m+ nor de/ruction takes place4 ,we might "h allude to a preval5t error z to any inh]5t diff]5ce1 local or o!rwise1 9 ! *>act]i/ics ( ! dome/ic ,honey bee4 ,:5 we he> x said1 t "s are bett] work]s ?an o!rs1 all t ought to be und]/ood is1 t ! family has ! advantage ( be+ "u favorable circum/ances z to locality or season2 ) a f]tile ,que51 & an abundant population1 = )\t ^! ess5tials1 e op]ation goes on sluggi%ly1 & prosp]ity becomes hopeless4 ,,! ,,drone ,,or ,,male ,,bees ,are comput$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! summ] at "o to two ?\s&1 & upw>ds1 9 a /ock-hive2 b ! numb]s are irregul>1 = a weak /ock w (t5 h an undue proportion4 ,!y possess no /+2 are l>g]1 d>k]1 & m hairy ?an ! common bees2 easily di/+ui%able by _! heavy motion on ! w+1 & by _! l\d] humm+ or dron+4 ,aft] h] great spr+ lay+ ( common eggs has f> advanc$1 & z an inv>iable prelim9>y to ! con/ruction ( royal cells1 ! ,que5 proce$s to deposit eggs int5d$ = ! production ( drones or males1 ?\gh (t5 )\t discont9u+ ^? = work]s4 ,! drone eggs are laid 9 cells l>g] 9 diamet]1 & /rong] ?an ! o!rs1 & usually plac$ t[>ds ! out] extremities ( ! hive4,g ,a long] p]iod is necess>y = ! developm5t ( a male ?an a female1 & ! drones pass ?r\gh _! v>i\s /ages 9 ab\t tw5ty-f\r to tw5ty-six days1 be+ seldom se5 till ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,may 7?\gh occasionally e>li]71 & !n only 9 w>m wea!r1 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,^! are ! produce ( ! fir/-laid eggs2 = a second small] lay+ ( drone eggs commonly takes place ab\t two mon?s lat]1 ?\gh ! males are r>ely f\nd aft] ,augu/1 unless "u c]ta9 cont+5cies4 ,g ,a curi\s "q = ! naturali/ arises z to ! in/9ct :i* directs a ,que5 bee inv>iably to deposit ! prop] eggs 9 ! prop] cells4 ,! mo/ accurate microscopic obs]vation _c detect any diff]5ce betwe5 ! egg ( a work]1 t ( a drone1 or ( a ,que51 all proce$+ indiscrim9ately f ! same ov>ies & oviduct4 ,+5i\s !ories h be5 advanc$ z to ! possibility ( :at "s call impregnat$ & unimpregnat$ eggs be+ laid at ! option ( ! ,"m bee4 ,hub]'s op9ion1 t nature does n all[ ! ,que5 ! *oice ( ! eggs %e is to lay1 only adds to ! difficulty ( arriv+ at any satisfactory conclusion4 ,! drones take no "p 9 ! collection ( /ores1 nor 9 any op]ation or process ( ! hive1 = :i* !y h prov]bially suff]$ mu* ignorant & absurd reproa*1 s9ce ,nature has d5i$ !m ! necess>y means1 & 9 _! creation has allott$ !m a di/9ct (fice4 ,inde$1 _! flights f ! hive are only occasional %ort ones1 & !y r>ely alight dur+ su* excursions4 ,!y are ( ! male sex1 _! pres5ce 9 a hive be+ only requir$ at t p>ticul> p]iod :5 ! "y que5s are arriv+ at maturity2 = ( all ! !ories t h be5 ent]ta9$ z to ! functions ( ! drones1 t ( ,hub] is und\bt$ly ! true "o1--impregnation4 ,naturali/s1 says ,hub]1 h be5 extremely emb>rass$ to acc\nt = ! numb] ( males 9 mo/ hives1 & :i* seem only a burd5 on ! community1 s9ce !y appe> to fulfil no function4 ,b we n[ beg9 to disc]n ! object ( nature 9 multiply+ !m to su* an ext5t4 ,z fecundation _c be accompli%$ )9 ! hive1 & z ! que5 is oblig$ to trav]se ! expanse ( ! atmosph]e1 x is requisite t ! males %\ld be num]\s1 t %e may h ! *ance ( meet+ "s "o ( !m4 ,7 only two or ?ree 9 ea* hive1 !re w\ld be little probability ( _! dep>ture at ! same in/ant ) ! ,que51 or t !y w\ld meet 9 _! excursions2 & mo/ ( ! females might ?us rema9 /]ile4 ,7 any d\bt to rema9 on ! subject1 p]haps ! annual de/ruction ( ! drones by ! work]s ?r[s ! mo/ satisfactory light on ! design ( _! creation4 ,?is process v>ies 9 po9t ( "t1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,deprive a hive =cibly ( its ,que51 &1 accord+ to ,bonn] & ,hub]1 no expulsion ( drones takes place4 ,9 su* cases1 says ! latt]1 !y are tol]at$ & f$1 & _m are se5 ev5 9 ! middle ( ,janu>y4 ,!y are reta9$ "u ! inspiration ( hope1 = a cont+5cy might arise to require _! pres5ce4 ,:]e a necessity = sw>m+ has be5 9 any way sup]s$$1 !re are ei!r no royal cells con/ruct$1 or ! "y que5s meet ) premature de/ruction4 ,!n frequ5tly comm5ces an e>ly expulsion ( ! drones1 ?us r5d]$ purposeless3 !y become m]e consum]s1 an incumbrance 9 ! hive1 & z su* ! common bees in/9ctively wage fi]ce w> ^u !m1 end+ 9 total annihilation3 nor are ev5 ! male l>v all[$ to rema9 9 _! cells4 ,?is expulsive process (t5 comm5ces1 "u su* circum/ances1 9 ! middle1 or at any rate t[>ds ! end ( ,may1 z ,i h repeat$ly witness$1 & n unfrequ5tly is aga9 resort$ to lat] on 9 ! season4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! case ( sw>m+ hives x does n take place till ,july1 or ev5 lat]1 accord+ to season & locality1 :5 all ! royal brood is dispos$ (4 ,! circum/ances diff] 9 ! two cases2 & ! bees 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r p>ts ( _! practice1 are suffici5tly utilit>ians to modify _! proce$+s accordantly4 ,9 ! "o in/ance1 ! (fice ( ! males is r5d]$ void1 & 9 ! o!r x is indisp5sable to ! "y que5s4 ,su* ( ^! z g =? ) sw>ms become f]tiliz$ 9 two or ?ree days aft] 7?\gh sometimes x is lat] ?an ?is71 foll[$ by ! lay+ ( eggs 9 ab\t a simil> di/ance ( "t4 ,!nce=? !y rema9 fruitful1 if n ev] aft] 7z is ! case ) "s o!r insects71 at all ev5ts = a ye>1 = "y bees are produc$1 )\t ! subsequ5t pres5ce ( a s+le male 9 ! family1 till ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! de/ruction ( ! drones1 !re=e1 be x soon] or lat]1 may be consid]$ an indication t ! hive conta9s no que5 brood1 &1 consequ5tly1 t no sw>m+ is to be expect$4 ,conflict+ op9ions h be5 =m$ z to ! desirabl5ess ( assi/+ ! work+ bees 9 ! task ( expell+ ! drones--(t5 a protract$ process--= al?\gh ! latt] are n arm$1 l _! m num]\s oppon5ts1 yet _! sup]ior size & /r5g? dispose !m (t5 to make a /\t resi/ance4 ,if x c be done at once1 )\t undue annoyance to ! family1 mu* fight+ & valuable "t may d\btless be sav$ by int]f]+2 b no advice c be worse ?an t ( attempt+ to accompli% ! "w piecemeal4 ,:5 attack$1 ! drones1 to /ave (f ! imp5d+ /orm1 w congregate toge!r 9 a remote "p ( ! hive4 ,obs]vation l$ me to ?9k !y w\ld at su* a "t be glad to retreat = /ill great] safety into a sep>ate box1 s plac$ z to be accessible to !m4 ,accord+ly1 on ! #ad? ( ,june1 9 "o ( my collat]al /ock-hives1 :]e ! drones = a day or two _h be5 h>d pu%$ by ! o!rs1 ,i op5$ a communication on ! gr\nd floor into an empty side box4 ,my !ory 0 completely realis$1 = ! poor drones gladly made _! way into ?is1 :]e !y rema9$ clu/]$ at ! top l a sw>m1 n a s+le common bee accompany+ !m1 & w\ld probably h be5 />v$4 ,! foll[+ morn+ ,i took away ! box ( drones & de/roy$ !m1 c\nt+ r m ?an #bbjj1 besides "s few t _h escap$2 altoge!r a great] numb] ?an ! usual e/imate gives to a family4 ,i did n f9d among !m a solit>y work+ bee2 nor c\ld ,i discov] 9 ! p>5t /ock-hive "o rema9+ drone4 ,! bees peaceably at once recomm5c$ "w1 & did well2 z if glad 9 ?is :olesale way to be rid ( _! late unpr(itable inmates4 ,:at 0 ! co/ ( _! daily ma9t5ance8 ,& :at proportion to ! entire population ( ! hive did ! drones be>8 ,aft] ?is app>5tly l>ge ab/raction1 no s5sible diff]5ce 0 obs]vable 9 ! cr[d+4 ,9 ?is hive ! usual second lay+ ( drone eggs took place1 & a good _m m drones 7 expell$ at ! end ( ,july4 ,i h n be5 enabl$ to repeat ?is exp]im5t1 b h no d\bt x w\ld always succe$ "u simil> circum/ances4 ,,sw>m+ 7,,or ,,s+le ,,hiv+7 ,,& ,,depriv+ ,,sy/ems4 ,! multiplication ( families or colonies ( bees1 9 ! natural mann]1 is accompli%$ by ! secession ( a portion ( ! inhabitants ( a /ock-hive1 :i* has become ov]-peopl$1 ) insuffici5t room = ! bre$+ & /or+ dep>tm5ts4 ,?is act ( emigration or sw>m+ is sometimes an affair ( exp$i5cy only2 & by a timely enl>gem5t & decrease 9 ! temp]ature ( ! hive x may (t5 be prev5t$4 ,z soon z w>m wea!r sets 91 a common siz$ hive becomes cr[d$ & heat$ to excess2 & at l5g? a sep>ation ( ! family becomes a matt] ( necessity4 ,9 anticipation ( ?is ev5t1 royal cells are con/ruct$ & t5ant$ = ! re>+ ( "y que5s1 = )\t ^! no sw>m+ occurs4 ,a cr[d$ dwell+ !re=e naturally prompts to ?is prelim9>y2 :il/ on ! contr>y1 a l>ge hive has ! effect ( ret>d+ ! =mation ( su* cells1 & ! migration ( :i* !y are ! precursor4 ,9 ! words ( ,gelieu1,h 9 ! sw>m+ season ! /rong hives are almo/ entirely fill$ ) brood-combs4 ,at t "t also honey becomes abundant2 & :5 f9e days succe$ ea* o!r1 ! work+ bees amass an a/oni%+ quantity4 ,b :]e is x to be /or$8 ,mu/ !y wait till ! "y bees h left ! brood-cells1 by :i* "t ! e>ly fl[]s w be )]$8 ,:at is to be done 9 ?is dilemma8 ,m>k ! res\rces ( ! indu/ri\s bees4 ,!y se>* 9 ! neighb\rhood,i = a place :]e !y may deposit _! honey1 until ! "y %all h left ! combs 9 :i* !y 7 hat*$4 ,if !y fail 9 ?is object1 !y cr[d toge!r 9 ! front ( _! habitation1 =m+ prodigi\s clu/]s4 ,x is n uncommon to see !m build+ combs on ! outside4 ,h ,see ',! ,bee-,pres]v]1' by ,jonas de ,gelieu1 translat$ f ! ,fr5*2 ,ed9burgh1 #ahbi4 ,?is valuable little "w conta9s ! sub/ance ( sixty-f\r ye>s' exp]i5ce4 ,i ,! ^w "h translat$ neighb\rhood seems1 ) "s1 to h giv5 rise to a misconception z to ! mean+ int5d$ to be convey$ by x4 ,f ! context x is cle> ,gelieu only meant to imply "s place ( deposit 9 proximity to ! p>5t hive1 & n any?+ actually ap>t f x4 ,he di/9ctly says1 provid$ !re be an accessible way ( communication betwe5 !m4 ,t bees d1 9 a degree1 leave _! usual domicile = ! tempor>y /or+ ( honey is evid5t1 :5 f necessity !y con/ruct combs 7(t5 9 ! op5 air7 on ! und]nea? side ( _! floor2 or "w 9 a sep>ate hive or box1 plac$ aga9/ ! orig9al "o4 ,9 g5]al1 honey-ga!r+ is altoge!r susp5d$1 necess>ily1 "u ! circum/ances we h /at$2 &1 aft] a long c\rse ( inaction1 9 ! v be/ "p ( ! season1 sw>m+ foll[s4 ,inde$ !re always appe>s to be a connexion betwe5 sw>m+ & idl5ess1 induc$ by a succession ( int]regnums 9 ! gov]nm5t1 caus+ a susp5sion ( bre$+1 :5 little or no /ore ( any k9d is collect$4 ,! proprietor mu/ !re=e make 8 election z to 8 c\rse4 ,if ! multiplication ( /ocks is 8 object1 8 bees may ?us be impell$ to ?r[ (f sw>ms1 b he mu/ ab&on ! prospect ( a l>ge h>ve/ ( honey "u su* circum/ances4 ,?is me?od ( bee managem5t is usually call$ s+le hiv+1 & is t commonly foll[$ by cottag]s1 z on ! :ole ! lea/ exp5sive4 ,on ! g5]al subject ( sw>m+ we %all ent] m at l>ge "u ! head ( ,spr+ ,managem5t4 ,depriv+ sy/em4--,oppos$ to ! mode ( managem5t 9 :i* sw>m+ is sy/ematically enc\rag$1 is t :]eby1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 x may be (t5 prev5t$1 & mu* valuable "t1 9 ! mo/ productive "p ( ! ye>1 be r5d]$ available = ! purposes ( add+ to ! weal? ( ! family4 ,let u obs]ve ! natural in/9ct ( ^! little animals1 & at ! prop] season provide !m ) su* an occasional addition ( /or+-room z w enable !m un9t]rupt$ly to g on con/ruct+ fre% combs1 to be fill$ ) honey1 unmix$ ) brood or o!r sub/ances4 ,?is tempor>y receptacle1 ?\gh 9 communication ) ! /ock-hive1 c at pleasure1 9 ! way :i* w h]eaft] be describ$1 be deta*$ f x1 )\t injury to ! bees2 ^! return+ to _! orig9al habitation1 9 :i* ! "m bee 7al?\gh %e may occasionally p]ambulate e "p ( h] dom9ion17 ought exclusively to c>ry on ! "w ( bre$+4 ,! honey obta9$ by ?is act ( ,deprivation is always suppos$ to be 9 excess ( :at is requir$ = ! wants ( ! family1 & almo/ inv>iably pure 9 quality4 ,v>i\s h be5 ! contrivances = effect+ ! sep>ation ( ! /or+ & bre$+ dep>tm5ts 9 a hive4 ,! bees1 :5 press$ = room1 w ext5d _! op]ations almo/ 9 any direction1 :e!r ! accommodation is giv5 above 7:i* is t]m$ /orify+71 at ! bottom 7nadir+71 or collat]ally4 ,equally indiff]5t are !y to ! mat]ial ( ! tempor>y receptacle4 ,a second hive1 box1 or glass1 plac$ ov] ! /ock1 is t]m$ a duplet1 or m commonly a sup]2 by :i* g5]al "n1 z we proce$1 any k9d ( /or+ vessel s plac$ w be designat$4 ,a productive season sometimes admits ( a second sup] 7usually introduc$ betwe5 ! fir/ & ! /ock71 call$ 9 su* case a triplet4 ,an empty box or hive1 pu%$ b5ea? a full "o1 is d5om9at$ a ,nadir1--a mode ( practice n always advisable except 9 ! case ( sw>ms ( ! same ye>1 or t[>ds ! latt] end ( v abundant seasons4 ,a /ill small] addition to a common hive consi/s m]ely ( a few b&s ( /raw1 on :i* x is rais$ tempor>ily1 & ?is con/itutes an eke4 ,:5 ei!r ?is or a nadir is us$1 & to facilitate its subsequ5t removal1 a bo>d ought to be plac$ betwe5 ! /ock-hive & ! nadir1 to prev5t ! combs f be+ work$ d[n into x4 ,! bo>d may ei!r be pi]c$ ) good-siz$ holes1 ?r\gh\t1 or x may be cut into ! =m ( p>allel b>s1 z a grate1 ) ab\t half an in* ( space betwe5 !m4 ,! entrance to ! /ock-hive mu/ be /opp$1 & "o made at ! bottom ( ! eke or nadir4 ,we %all h]eaft] describe a modification ( ! ,nadir pr9ciple1 :i*1 by way ( di/9ction1 ,i h call$ ,ne!r+4 ,9 contra/+1 z we h done1 ! ,sw>m+ & ,depriv+ sy/ems1 x %\ld n be und]/ood t ei!r ( !m c inv>iably be advantage\sly c>ri$ out exclusively4 ,an occasional *ange ( sy/em is desirable4 ,9 all l>ge api>ies !re is always a necessity = r5ewals bo? ( ,/ocks & ( ,hives1 by sw>m+2 & x is seldom pr(itable1 m especially z respects a common /raw hive1 to cont9ue to "w x on ! depriv+ plan beyond a few seasons consecutively4 ,moreov]1 ! co/ ( a new hive w be well repaid by an entire occasional r5ovation ( ! colony1 /imulat$ ?us to increas$ ex]tion1 & ) ! advantage probably ( a *ang$ ,que54 ,! pref]5ce giv5 to ei!r ( ! two s*emes ( ,bee managem5t we h j detail$1 mu/ direct ! proprietor 9 ! *oice ( 8 hives1 & we %all proce$ to describe su* ( !m z h f\nd mo/ fav\r among mod]n practition]s2 premis+ t 9 us+ ! t]m ,hive1 we int5d its g5]al acceptation1 no matt] ( :at mat]ial x is made4 ,nei!r is x our object unduly to magnify ! advantages ( wood5 hives at ! exp5se ( ^? ( /raw3 prejudice exi/s on bo? sides ! "q4 ,!y are ea* valuable accord+ to circum/ances1 & _! int5d$ uses4 ,moreov]1 he only deceives himself & o!rs :o imag9es he has discov]$ a sy/em or a hive by :i* to comm& an abundance1 or an improv$ quality ( ,honey1 at pleasure4 ,a favorable season may cr[n ) success "s *]i%$ !ory or me*anical device1 to be foll[$ 9 ! next by disappo9tm5t2 = he has little /udi$ ! natural habits ( bees1 :o believes !y c be made at w to con=m1 "u all circum/ances1 to any settl$ s*eme ( practice we may devise = !m4 ,! attempt has l$ to ! ,babel ( contr>ieties too frequ5tly exhibit$ among/ api>ian pr(essors1 to ! confusion ( ! novice2 ea* deprecat+ ev]y?+ except ! mode ( proc$ure he has f\nd applicable to 8 own case or di/rict1 & ) :i* ( c\rse he is mo/ famili>4 ,9 ! words ( ,mr4 ,gold+1 ,let my read]s repel ! quack]y :i* w\ld h !m believe t x 0 ! k9d ( hive :i* comm&$ ! honey$ /ore4 ,no2 t w be rul$ by ! productiv5ess ( ! season & ! locality4 ,hav+ tak5 ! ,honey bee "u our especial protection1 we are b\nd to provide = its due pres]vation f ! effects ( climate1 c41 & p]haps1 9 addition to ! ord9>y att5tions1 ! mo/ t c be done ) p]man5t advantage is to furni% our intellig5t little workm5 ) a dwell+1 conv5i5t 9 its =m & arrangem5t = ! int5d$ purposes2 be>+ 9 m9d1 z a g5]al rule1 t ^! are be/ consult$ by an att5tion to simplicity 9 its details4 ,,common ,,/raw 7,,or ,,s+le7 ,,hives4 ,9 _! wild /ate1 bees h mo/ usually f\nd a secure resid5ce 9 ! decay$ trunks ( ! ?ick =e/ trees4 ,:]e !y are dome/icat$1 ! k9ds & %apes1 z well z ! mat]ials ( bee-hives1 v>y accord+ to climate & locality1 or ! purse ( ! proprietor4 ,^? us$ 9 _m p>ts ( ?is c\ntry are made ( /raw1 ( a bell-%ape1 & be+ int5d$ = s+le hiv+1 are usually )\t any means ( enl>gem5t4 ,at ! end ( ! second or ?ird ye>1 !y are too (t5 plac$ ov] ! pit ( de/ruction2 & ?us1 ) a little impure honey1 flav\r$ ) brim/one1 ! sc5e closes4 ,is x surpris+ t an unpleasant association is ?us connect$ ) ! use ( su* hives8 ,happily = ! cause ( humanity1 exp]i5ce has decid$ t ?is consequ5ce is n inevitable2 & ,i tru/ ,i %all h]eaft] po9t out ! me?od by :i* x may be avoid$1 & make x appe> to be ! int]e/ ( ! proprietor nev] to kill 8 bees1 let ! hive be ( :at k9d x may4 ,common hives are be/ made ( un?re%$ rye1 or good :eat /raw4 ,!y w\ld be mu* improv$ by a great] att5tion to %ape1 be+ usually too high 9 proportion to ! wid?4 ,x may be well1 9 ?is connexion1 to introduce ! obs]vation ( ,gelieu4 ,"o ( my *ief objects1 says he1 has be5 to asc]ta9 :at %ape ( hive is ! mo/ pr(itable2 & ) ?is view ,i h tri$ all ! diff]5t k9ds1 & h inv>iably rem>k$ t bees ?rive bett] 9 l[ hives ?an 9 high ones2 t 9 g5]al ^? :i* are broad & flat amass m honey1 ?rive bett]1 & give out /rong] & e>li] sw>ms ?an ^? :i* are high4 ,a hive ?rives only 9 proportion to ! success or p]fection ( its brood-comb 9 ! spr+4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ( great importance to keep up ! necess>y degree ( heat = ! hat*+ ( ! brood4 ,if1 at t "t1 ! bees are lodg$ 9 high & roomy hives1 !y w cr[d toge!r 9 va91 & ! heat asc5d+ is lo/ 9 ! empty space above4 ,?is nev] happ5s 9 l[ flat hives1 :]e x is m easily conc5trat$4 ,to prev5t ! combs f fall+1 /icks are commonly put across1 or along ! inside ( a hive1 z a support to !m4 ,b ^! props are an annoyance to ! ,bees1 pres5t+ difficulty 9 subsequ5tly extract+ ! combs1 & are nev] requir$ 9 a hive made ) a prop] reg>d to proportion2 9 o!r words1 :]e ! combs are n too l>ge to be> _! own weight1 :5 fully load$4 ,z reg>ds ! area ( hives1 mu* diff]5ce ( op9ion prevails1 & a c]ta9 degree ( latitude mu/ be left = circum/ances connect$ ) locality1 c4 ,cr$it has be5 tak5 by "s apiculturi/s1 & d\btless ) reason1 = mu* r$uc+ ! unwieldy hives ( our ance/ors4 ,on an av]age1 p]haps1 a pref]5ce may be giv51 z reg>ds a common bell-=m$ /raw hive1 to "o made ab\t f\rte5 in*es wide1 & n m ?an eight in*es high at ! c5tre ( ! cr[n1 bo? inside measure4 ,!re w be less ( room wa/$ 9 a hive ?us =m$1 inasmu* z ! combs are /or$ d[n to ! bottom cells1 :i* is r>ely ! case 9 a high & n>r[ "o4 ,a l[ wood5 hoop is (t5 us$1 work$ at ! bottom ( ! hive2 or1 z ,dr4 ,bevan says1 ! l[] r\nd ( /raw may be begun ^u a wood5 hoop1 ! bottom ( :i* has be5 plan$ smoo?2 x %\ld be p]=at$ ?r\gh its :ole c\rse1 & ! p]=ations made 9 an oblique direction1 s di/ant f ea* o!r z to cause all ! /it*es ( ! hive to range 9 a uni=m mann]4 ,! hoop gives great] /ability to ! hive1 pres]ves ! l[] edge f decay1 & af=ds facility 9 mov+ x4 ,! cu/om ( pla/]+ r\nd ! bottom edge ( a hive ) mort> or clay is bett] omitt$4 ,its own increas+ weight w settle x d[n to its bo>d3 at all ev5ts no cem5t is equal to t us$ by ! bees !mselves2 any o!r only s]ves to accel]ate ! decay ( ! hive1 besides pres5t+ an imp$im5t on occasional removal = clean+ or inspection4 ,illu/ration ,,/raw ,,depriv+ ,,hives4 ,a ref]5ce to ! prec$+ section w %[ ! reasons = giv+ a pref]5ce to r %all[ common /raw hives ov] high ones1 & ! same argum5ts hold good :]e !y are int5d$ to be manag$ on ! sy/em usually t]m$ ( ,deprivation2 except t !n ! hive ne$ be sc>cely s l>ge z 9 ! case ( s+le hiv+4 ,b to give facilities = ! plac+ ( a second hive1 or sup]1 ov] ! orig9al /ock-hive1 ! latt] ought to be made flat on ! top1 viz41 cyl9drical & /raight 9 =m4 ,?is %ape f\nd an advocate 9 ! late ,mr4 ,payne1,j "o ( ! mo/ exp]i5c$ in/ructors ( ,cottage ,bee-keep]s1 :o saw reasons = alt]+ ! dim5sions ( 8 hives f twelve in*es wide to f\rte51 & sev51 or sometimes eight1 in*es 9 height 7bo? inside measure71 & :i* ,i h adopt$ z pref]able4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! cr[n ( ! hive is a ?ree or f\r in* hole4 ,! latt]1 :5 n 9 use1 is /opp$ by a piece ( work$ /raw1 l a mat1 z se5 9 ! prec$+ illu/ration2 & ?is may be fa/5$ d[n by p9s or a slight weight4 ,at ! prop] "t = plac+ a sup]1 ! /raw mat cov] c be remov$1 & its place suppli$ by :at is t]m$ an adapt]1 :i* is usually a piece ( bo>d ! same diamet] z ! top ( ! hive1 hav+ a correspond+ hole ?r\gh its c5tre2 ?us 9 fact adapt+ x z ! floor-bo>d to a sup]4 ,x w (t5 be bett]1 in/ead ( "o ?ick adapt]1 to h two v ?9 ones1 ( equal =m & size1 plac$ toge!r4 ,9 su* case1 mahogany or "s h>d wood %\ld be us$1 to prev5t w>p+4 ,on ! removal ( a full sup]1 ?is d\ble adapt] w be f\nd useful1 z any imp$im5t c be remov$ by pass+ betwe5 ! two bo>ds a knife1 or "s f9e wire4 ,or a piece ( t91 z9c1 or ?9 wood may be ins]t$ to entirely /op ! communication1 if desir$1 at any "t4 ,j ,see ! ',bee-keep]'s ,guide1' by ,j4 ,h4 ,payne4 ,illu/ration ,a /raw sup] is be/ made ( ! same flat & cyl9drical =m z ! /ock-hive j describ$4 ,! size may v>y 9 diamet] accord+ to season & locality1 f t5 to twelve in*es1 or ev5 ! full wid? ( ! /ock-hive1 & ?ree to six in*es 9 inside height4 ,9 good ye>s two or m ( su* sup]s may sometimes be fill$ 9 succession1 ! appe>ance ( ! hive det]m9+ its exp$i5cy4 ,%\ld ! /ock-hive become hot & cr[d$ be=e ! fir/ cap is entirely fill$1 a second small] "o 7or triplet17 may be add$4 ,9 su* cases1 ! fir/ sup] is always to rema9 ! upp] "o1 = x w\ld be useless to put ! triplet any:]e except betwe5 ! two n[ 9 use1 & x mu/ h a two-in* hole 9 its cr[n z a passage upw>ds = ! bees4 ,9 mov+ ! fir/ sup]1 ! upp] half ( ! d\ble adapt] c be lift$ ) x1 fir/ introduc+ betwe5 !m a piece ( z9c or t91 to /op ! communication ) ! /ock-hive4 ,9 ord] to give ! /raw sup]s a bett] foot+ :5 plac$ "o ^u ano!r1 "s p]sons pref] an extra cord or rim ( /raw to be work$ r\nd ! out] bottom & top b&4 ,or1 if !y are made pla91 a ?9 hoop may be slipp$ r\nd at ! po9t ( junction1 embrac+ !m bo?4 ,a few holes are made 9 ! hoop1 = ! reception ( small po9t$ iron p9s 7easily removable71 pass+ ?r\gh & into ! /raw1 & ?us keep+ x 9 its place4 ,^? :o *oose may h ! sup]s made )\t cr[ns1 :i* gives facilities = fitt+ !m up to s]ve any requir$ purpose4 ,?is is done by means ( loose wood5 cr[n-bo>ds3 !y may be prev5t$ f w>p+ by be+ made ( two circul> smoo? bo>ds glu$ toge!r1 ! gra9 ( ! wood cross+4 ,^! bo>ds are ( diff]5t diamet]s2 ! small] circle falls )9 ! inn] diamet] ( ! cap2 ! o!r %\ld be made an in* or m l>g]1 to re/ ^u ! upp] edge ( x4 ,a ref]5ce to ! engrav+ 9 ! next page w illu/rate our mean+4 ,a small weight = a day or two w adju/ ! cr[n to its place2 b any little ap]tures %\ld 9 "s way be /opp$1 = ! escape ( too mu* w>m? mu/ n be p]mitt$4 ,mr4 ,gold+ does ?is by an effectual me?od3 ,any little misfit1 says he1 ?r\gh :i* ! bees may get out1 is be/ /opp$ ) a bit ( tea lead1 a /ore ( :i* %\ld be kept = su* purposes4 ,on remov+ a full cap1 ! combs c be sep>at$ f its sides ) a knife or spatula1 :5 !re w be no difficulty 9 lift+ up ! cr[n-bo>d ) ! combs susp5d$ f x1 9 an unbrok5 /ate2 & ?is (t5 enhances _! value4 ,illu/ration ,:e!r ) or )\t ! protection ( a bee-h\se1 ! sup]s ought to be cov]$4 ,= ?is object an ext]ior hive or /raw cyl9d] may be us$1 simil> 9 =m & diamet] to ! /ock-hive1 & ( any requir$ height4 ,! z9c %ade & its cov]1 :i* w be m p>ticul>ly describ$ 7"u ! head ( hive-cov]s71 suitably completes a protection ( ?is k9d4 ,at pres5t a ref]5ce to ! prec$+ illu/rations w suffice4 ,! upp] engrav+ %[s a /raw sup] ) its moveable cr[n-bo>d1 & ! me?od ( plac+ x ov] a /ock-hive2 :il/ ! l[] "o repres5ts ! appe>ance ( ! :ole :5 put toge!r1 ) z9c %ades & a cov]4 ,illu/ration ,we h z yet suppos$ ! /ock-hive to be con/ruct$ 9 ! usual way1 ) a flat /raw cr[n2 b _m p]sons are induc$ to pref] wood2 9 :i* case ! hive may be made 9 ! mode po9t$ out = ! caps1 op5 at bo? ends alike4 ,! same k9d ( moveable cr[n-bo>d w 9 t case be suitable2 made1 z already detail$1 ( two circul> pieces ( wood ( diff]5t diamet]s1 toge!r ab\t ?ree f\r?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,a little ( "s k9d ( lute+ c1 if ne$$1 be us$ 9 adju/+ ! cr[n-bo>d to its hive2 or ! tea lead we h j spok5 ( may (t5 s]ve4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,!re is ano!r mode ( fitt+ a wood cr[n4 ,?is may be ( ! same size z ! outside diamet] ( ! hive1 a ?9 hoop be+ screw$ ar\nd its edge1 ) an in* additional2 ! :ole fitt+ ov] z a cap4 ,a few small po9t$ iron p9s may pass ?r\gh ! l[] edge ( ! hoop horizontally into ! /raw1 ?us suffici5tly hold+ x2 at ! same "t t its subsequ5t removal is easy4 ,in/ead ( a hoop1 ,i h us$ a /rip ( z9c1 screw$ r\nd1 & p9n$1 z j m5tion$1 :i* fits clos] ?an wood1 & :5 all is pa9t$ ( "o col\r1 has a neat appe>ance4 ,ev5 )\t any k9d ( hoop1 ! wood top may be fix$ by means ( moveable po9t$ p9s go+ ?r\gh x1 & d[n into ! upp] edge ( ! hive4 ,amateurs (t5 pref] ! cr[n-bo>d cut ) ?ree holes1 triangul>ly 9 position1 to a s+le c5tral "o2 z conv5i5ce is ?us giv5 = work+ ?ree small glasses1 or a l>ge-siz$ "o1 z %[n by ! circles del9eat$ 9 our illu/ration4 ,! holes may be "o & a qu>t] in* 9 diamet] at ! l>g] end1 tap]+ two in*es d[n to a po9t4 ,?ree z9c slides or divid]s1 z !y are call$1 move 9 grooves1 cut two in*es wide f ! edge ( ! cr[n-bo>d1 ov] ! holes4 ,! sup]s %\ld be plac$ ea* on a sep>ate adapt]2 & on removal1 ! slide is pass$ und]nea? ! adapt]1 ! :ole be+ !n lift$ (f toge!r4 ,v>i\s op9ions h prevail$ z to ! exp$i5cy ( pa9t+ ! ext]ior ( /raw hives1 "s believ+ t absorption ( vap\r be/ takes place :]e x is omitt$4 ,my own idea is t1 = expos$ hives1 an annual coat ( pa9t is desirable1 & no?+ looks bett] = ! purpose ?an a natural /raw col\r4 ,we may resort to ! words ( ,gelieu1 :o says1 x is commonly suppos$ t bees ?rive be/ 9 /raw hives1 because ! /raw absorbs ! moi/ure1 & ! combs are less liable to m\ld4 ,= my "p ,i c p]ceive no diff]5ce4 ,! bees are c>eful en\gh to v>ni% ov] ! int]ior ( ! /raw hives ) a coat+ ( wax1 or r propolis1 to prev5t ! settlem5t ( ! mo?s2 & 9 ! old hives ?is v>ni% is s ?ick t no moi/ure c p5etrate betwe5 ! cords ( /raw4 ,wood5 hives w also absorb moi/ure to a c]ta9 ext5t2 & exp]i5ce has %[n me t x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce :i* are employ$1 except z to ! price4 ,,hive-,,cov]s4 ,:atev] diff]5ce ( op9ion !re may be z to ! exp$i5cy ( ! practice ( plac+ /raw hives 9 ! op5 air1 indep5d5tly ( a h\se or %$1 ! cu/om prevails to s great an ext5t1 t our object w\ld be incomplete 7 we n to po9t out "s ( ! modes resort$ to = protect+ !m 9 su* cases4 ,( ! common] k9ds ( cov]+s _m are suffici5tly unsightly2 "s be+ ( /raw ?at* 7or hackles71 o!rs ( e>!nw>e1 9 v>i\s ugly =ms1 & (t5 objectionable & injuri\s to ! hive1 f _! weight4 ,9 ! api>y ( a fri5d ,i h se5 a dome-=m$ /raw cov] to a /ock-hive1 con/ruct$ ) a projection all r\nd ( ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,on ! und]nea? side are atta*$ ?ree or f\r b&s 9 a circle1 fitt+ ov] ! out] diamet] ( ! hive4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is cov] is appropriate2 b unless c>efully pa9t$1 wet w ev5tually f9d admittance4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be r5d]$ wat]-pro( by means ( "s k9d ( cem5t4 ,i h sometimes us$ = ?is purpose a mixture ( pa9t ) f9e sawdu/1 p\nd$ into ! consi/5ce ( pa/e1 & aft]w>ds pa9t$ & v>ni%$4 ,illu/ration ,a cov] ( ! same =m c be manufactur$ 9 z9c1 m or less convex1 or sometimes ne>ly flat1 its edges be+ turn$ d[n ov] /iff wire4 ,a desc5d+ rim ( n less ?an two in*es deep is atta*$ to ! und]nea? side1 encircl+ ! upp] edge ( ! hive4 ,!re ought to be p]=ations imm$iately "u ! projection ( ! rim1 & a space left betwe5 ! cov] & ! cr[n ( ! hive1 = ! passage ( air2 or a small work$ mat1 ( /raw b&s1 may be int]pos$ to prev5t any ill effect f a hot sun4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,a modification ( ! la/-describ$ z9c cov] ,i h us$ satisfactorily = ! protect+ ( flat /raw depriv+ hives1 requir+ m ?an "o /ory 9 height4 ,imm$iately ^u ! /ock-hive is introduc$ :at1 = want ( a m di/9ctive t]m1 ,i call a %ade1 encircl+ ! upp] edge1 z j detail$1 ) ! same k9d ( desc5d+ rim & air-holes4 ,x is made ( mod]ately ?ick %eet z9c1 cut ( su* ext]ior diamet] z to leave a projection r\nd ! out] edge ( ! hive ( ?ree to f\r in*es1 & turn$ a little d[nw>ds ov] /\t wire1 to ?r[ (f wet4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! %ade is a circul> op5+1 :i*1 if requir$1 may be ( ! same diamet] z ! int]ior ( ! /ock-hive1 & r\nd x is a rais$ rim1 /&+ up n less ?an half an in*4 ,)9 ?is c5tral op5+ x is int5d$ to place ! sup]1 ( :atev] k9d x may be4 ,a ref]5ce to :at has be5 said at page #cd1 & ! illu/rations !re giv51 z well z ^? n[ annex$1 w %[ ! con/ruction ( ! %ade2 also ! mode ( cov]+ ! sup] by means ( a second /raw hive 7made ) or )\t a cr[n71 /&+ ^u ! %ade1 ! upright rim ( :i* keeps x 9 its place4 ,on ! top ( ?is upp] hive a second %ade1 made l ! fir/1 may be plac$4 ,! completion ( ! :ole is a slightly convex z9c cap1 ( ab\t two in*es 9 height1 fitt+ securely ov] ! c5tral op5+1 l ! top ( a cani/] or pot4 ,!re is a project+ lat]al rim to ! cap1 und]nea? :i* air-holes are made1 simil> to ^? "u ! projection ( ! %ade4 ,9 w9t]1 & at any "t :5 a sup] hive is n requir$1 ! cap is plac$ ov] ! %ade imm$iately surm\nt+ ! /ock-hive1 r$uc+ ! edifice to "o /ory4 ,:5 fe$+ is ne$$ by ! bees1 a pan may be introduc$ = ! purpose )9 ! c5tral op5+1 & cov]$ ov] by ! z9c top4 ,9 reply to ^? :o are dubi\s z to ! exp$i5cy ( us+ metal cov]+s1 x may be rem>k$ t no inconv5i5ce arises 9 ! pres5t case1 z nei!r ! %ade nor its cov] come 9 contact imm$iately ) ! cr[n ( ! hive4 ,illu/ration ,if a /raw cov] to a sup] is pref]r$1 x c /& ov] ! rim ( ! %ade1 z se5 9 ! illu/ration annex$4 ,illu/ration ,an effectual protection to a r\nd hive may be made by means ( an out] case1 9 fact m]ely a /raw cyl9d]1 ) op5 ends4 ,x mu/ 9 diamet] be l>ge en\gh to drop loosely ov] ! hive1 & re/ on ! floor-bo>d4 ,! height ought to be suffici5t to include any sup]s t may be requir$4 ,surm\nt+ ! :ole1 ei!r "o ( ! z9c cov]s1 %[n at page #ci1 ( an enl>g$ size1 c be us$2 or ! %ade & its top1 z se5 at page #dj4 ,,floor ,,or ,,hive-,,bo>ds4 ,! floor on :i* a hive is plac$ %\ld be ( wood1 & n ( any mat]ial too ret5tive ei!r ( heat or cold1 z /one1 slate1 c4 ,9 summ]1 ! melt+ ( ! combs (t5 results1 & 9 w9t]1 num]\s lives are lo/ f *ill4 ,e hive1 ( :atev] k9d1 %\ld /& ^u its own sep>ate bo>d1 s z to give facility = lift+1 clean+1 or weigh+ ! :ole toge!r at any "t1 )\t di/urbance to ! bees4 ,illu/ration ,! entrance into a hive is g5]ally cut out ( its bottom edge4 ,?is has a t5d5cy to cause decay 9 t "p1 p>ticul>ly if ( /raw2 besides t1 a hole s made af=ds b indiff]5t protection f driv+ wet or a scor*+ sun1 & gives imp]fect facility = ! escape ( moi/ure f ! hive4 ,x is a bett] plan to s9k ! passage out ( ! ?ickness ( ! floor-bo>d1 till x rea*es ! inside ( ! hive4 ,!re are sev]al ways ( do+ ?is1 b a simple "o is ! foll[+3 ,let ! bo>d be ( ?ick1 season$ wood1 & to prev5t w>p+1 screw two /rong cross-b>s to ! und]nea? side1 sev5 or eight in*es ap>t4 ,9 size ! floor-bo>d ought to be a little l>g] ?an ! ext]ior ( ! hive1 f :5ce x %\ld be *amf]$ d[n e way1 to ?ree eigh?s ( an in* at ! edge4 ,f ! latt]1 ! entrance mu/ be cut or groov$ out1 /raight & level till x ent]s ! inside ( ! hive1 :5 x may slope upw>ds4 ,?is groove may be ab\t f\r in*es wide1 & ?ree eigh?s ( an in* deep :]e ! hive crosses x2 = x is bett] 9 all in/ances t ! requisite space at ! door %\ld be giv5 lat]ally1 r ?an 9 height4 ,?is is n only m conv5i5t to ! bees1 b %uts out f admission into ! hive su* gue/s z ! snail or ! m\se4 ,9 a bo>d ?us con/ruct$ a conv5i5t mode ( occasionally contract+ ! entrance-way is by means ( small wood5 blocks1 ( diff]5t wid?s1 s =m$ t ! l[] half c be pu%$ )9 ! hive's m\?4 ,! bo>d j describ$1 & its blocks1 are %[n 9 ! engrav+ b5ea?4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,ano!r k9d ( hive-bo>d1 suitable = "s description ( boxes1 is made by cutt+ a rabbet ( any requir$ wid?1 & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* deep1 on all its sides1 leav+ ! rais$ "p ( ! bo>d ! size ( ! outside ( ! box1 ) an additional half in* beyond ?is1 e way4 ,! passage into ! hive is to be cut f ! edge ( ! rabbet1 & on ! same level1 = ab\t two in*es2 aft] :i* x mu/ slope upw>ds4 ,x may be f\r to five in*es wide1 & its sides %\ld bevel a little outw>ds4 ,?is gives facilities = ! introduction ( moveable blocks or m\?-pieces1 = ! conv5i5ce ( contract+ or altoge!r /opp+ up ! entrance1 z may be requir$4 ,! blocks are an in* wide1 & mu/ all be ( "o size1 & ( ! same l5g? & bevel z ! entrance-way4 ,9 height !y %\ld be ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* 9 front2 cut d[n beh9d1 half ! wid? to ?ree eigh?s ( an in*4 ,?us made1 ! l[e/ half in* ( ! block is ins]t$ )9 ! m\? ( ! hive1 & ! o!r half projects on ! outside4 ,to suit all cases & seasons1 blocks s =m$ may be cut on ! l[] "p1 f front to back1 ) any requir$ passage-way ?r\gh !m at pleasure4 ,! prec$+ engrav+ exhibits "o ( ^! bo>ds1 ) a front & back view ( f\r blocks ?us v>i$2 ! ?ird "o be+ fitt$ ) p]=at$ z9c4 ,an entirely cov]$ entrance1 = ^? :o desire x1 is af=d$ by a d\ble bo>d1 9 :i* ! passage is cut ?r\gh ! floor1 altoge!r )9 ! hive2 & x may be ?us made3 ,illu/ration ,take a piece ( in* season$ wood1 an in* or two broad] & long] ?an ! hive4 ,smoo? bo? sides1 & und]nea? x cut a groove f\r or five in*es wide1 & f\r in*es back f ! edge4 ,! "p next ! edge %\ld be !re holl[$ out ?ree eigh?s ( an in* deep1 increas+ to d\ble ?is at ! o!r end1 :]e x ent]s ! hive4 ,an op5+ ?r\gh f ! upp] side mu/ be made1 to meet ! und]nea? holl[1 giv+ a gradual slope d[n into x4 ,a piece ( ?ree-qu>t] in* bo>d1 sev5 to n9e in*es wide1 mu/ !n be screw$ und]nea?1 ! gra9 cross+ ! o!r2 ! doorway = ! bees be+ ( c\rse betwe5 ! two4 ,! l[] bo>d %\ld be a little ! longe/1 ! extra l5g? be+ int5d$ to =m a small alight+ bo>d 9 front4 ,all ! bo>ds 9 ! prec$+ illu/rations are %[n squ>e z to =m2 b any ( !m may at pleasure be made r\nd4 ,,hive-,,/&s1 ,,or ,,p$e/als4 ,illu/ration ,hives /&+ s+ly1 9 ! op5 air1 mu/ be s plac$ z t !re is no risk ( _! be+ ov]?r[n by ! w9d or o!r casualty1 & v>i\s k9ds ( supports h be5 devis$4 ,:atev] is pref]r$1 x ought to af=d facilities = all[+ ! lift+ up ( ! hive on its bo>d at pleasure4 ,a s+le p$e/al or po/ is sometimes us$1 cut flat at ! top to six or sev5 in*es squ>e4 ,x may /& out ( ! gr\nd fifte5 or sixte5 in*es1 & be firmly fix$1 to avoid %ak+1 :i* al>ms ! bees4 ,sometimes a high] elevation ?an ?is is giv51 b x is n exp$i5t to subject ! hives unnecess>ily to ! action ( ! w9d1 any m ?an x is to place !m s ne> ! gr\nd z to cause ! bees to be affect$ by damp exhalations4 ,on ! "u side ( ! c5tre ( ! hive-bo>d fix f\r b>s ( wood 7or ?ree w d71 ( ab\t two in*es squ>e1 s z to =m a cap or socket1 fitt+ ov] ! top ( ! p$e/al4 ,! bo>d may be !re secur$ by ! ins]tion1 diagonally1 ( "o or two p9s1 ?r\gh ! sides ( ! cap & into ! po/4 ,?is plan may be v>i$ by means ( ! two pieces or arms1 let edgewise flu% into ! top ( a po/1 cross+ x diagonally3 on ?is ! hive-bo>d may re/1 or be secur$ by a button or two4 ,or1 on ! top ( a p$e/al1 f\r or five in*es 9 diamet]1 a piece ( bo>d1 ( ab\t n9e in*es squ>e1 may be fix$ z a table4 ,^u ?is place ! hive-bo>d1 ( :i* ! cross b>s1 app5d$ to its und]nea? side1 are s adju/$ 9 po9t ( di/ance ap>t1 z to come on ea* side ( ! table1 be+ !re secur$ by a p9 or turn-button4 ,illu/ration ,?is la/-describ$ /& may be improv$1 at a little fur!r co/4 ,nail ^u ! p$e/al a piece ( /rong bo>d1 eight or n9e in*es wide1 & ?ree in*es long] ?an ! outside wid? ( ! hive-bo>d4 ,und]nea? ! table ?us =m$1 a c\ple ( /ruts or angle-pieces mu/ be fix$1 to r5d] ! :ole firm4 ,! "u-side b>s ( ! hive-bo>d are adju/$ to fall on ea* side ! table1 z be=e detail$4 ,! extra ?ree in*es ( ! latt] mu/ be ?r[n to ! front1 :]e x is design$ to =m a project+ alight+ plat=m = ! bees4 ,?is "p is occupi$ by a piece ( wood nail$ to x1 & *amf]$ to meet ! hive-bo>d1 to :i* x =ms a /ay4 ,illu/ration ,ano!r support to an out-door hive is made by means ( f\r props1 driv5 upright into ! gr\nd1 & cut (f level1 at ab\t sixte5 in*es high4 ,! hive-bo>d mu/ h two cross b>s screw$ to its "u side1 f front to back1 j com+ )9 ! uprights3 to make x /ill m /eady1 f\r small blocks c be app5d$ ne> ! corn]s1 betwe5 ! cross b>s & ! edge ( ! bo>d1 to hold ! latt] 9 ! opposite direction1 z se5 by ! dott$ l9es 9 our illu/ration4 ,! same rem>k applies to ! hive-/&s j describ$ z 0 made 9 ! la/ section1 viz41 !y c be adapt$ equally well to r\nd z to squ>e hive-bo>ds4 ,x may be well also to obs]ve t1 in/ead ( s9k+ a p$e/al into ! e>?1 :]e decay soon ensues1 x c be fix$ ^u /rong cross pieces or feet1 ^! be+ fa/5$ to ! gr\nd by p9s pass+ d[nw>ds ?r\gh !m4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,:]e !re are a numb] ( hives1 in/ead ( a sep>ate /& = ea*1 !y may be plac$ m economically1 & p]haps safely1 on :at ,i t]m a hive-range1 ( any requir$ l5g?4 ,! range consi/s simply ( a c\ple ( rails1 ab\t an in* ?ick1 & f\r in*es 9 dep?1 nail$ to ! top out] edge ( a s]ies ( po/s1 fix$ firmly 9 or on ! gr\nd1 ab\t eighte5 in*es high4 ,! space betwe5 ! rails may be ab\t twelve in*es1 measur$ )9side4 ,! mo/ suitable hive-bo>d = a range is t %[n at page #dc4 ,! cross b>s on its und]nea? side mu/ be s cut 9 po9t ( l5g?1 z to fall )9 ! two rails1 :]e !y are held2 :il/ :at rema9s ( ! wid? ( ! bo>d lodges ^u !m1 ) a conv5i5t projection be=e & beh9d4 ,nor does x matt] :e!r ! hive-bo>ds are made squ>e or r\nd4 ,a range ( ?is k9d occupies v little space1 & pres5ts few facilities = ! incursions ( insects or o!r annoy]s ( bees4 ,! hives ought to h a good int]val betwe5 ea*2 b x is an advantage t on ?is plan !y c be mov$1 by slid+ ! bo>ds to ! "r or left1 if circum/ances call = x4 ,a range on ! same pr9ciple might readily be made ornam5tally1 9 "p or :olly ( iron1 /&+ on feet1 moveable any:]e1 & sett+ v]m9 at defiance4 ,to ! intellig5t read] x is unnecess>y aga9 to repeat1 t bee-/ocks ought always to be rais$ suffici5tly f ! gr\nd to protect !m1 n only f ! baneful effects ( damp1 b f ! incursions ( v]m91 c4 ,b inatt5tion on ?is po9t is sometimes met ) s gross1 t we _c =be> giv+ place to ! prec$+ engrav+1 f a draw+ made on ! spot 9 ,dorset%ire1 illu/rat+ ! treatm5t to :i* ! poor bees may be sometimes subject$ by indiff]5ce or deplorable ignorance4 ,,wood5 ,,box ,,hives4 ,z f> z we h proce$$1 our att5tion has be5 direct$ pr9cipally to ,/raw hives4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 ( ,wood h 9 mod]n times come pretty g5]ally into use1 :5 co/ is n an object1 z be+ m durable1 less liable to h>b\r v]m91 & bett] adapt$1 f _! squ>e =m1 = a conv5i5t arrangem5t ( ! combs1 besides admitt+ ( glass w9d[s4 ,z reg>ds ! pla9] k9d ( boxes1 ei!r int5d$ = use on ! sw>m+ sy/em1 or on t :]e deprivation is practis$1 ,i adh]e to ! op9ion express$ z to /raw hives1 & pref] ^? con/ruct$ broad & %all[ to su* z are high & n>r[4 ,!y may be made ( ! light] & m por\s k9ds ( deal1 "s pref]r+ r$ c$>2 b :i*ev] is made use (1 x %\ld be ?or\ghly season$1 & well put toge!r2 obs]v+ t ! gra9 ( ! wood always runs 9 ! horizontal direction1 :5 its t5d5cy to expansion or contraction is r5d]$ ( no importance4 ,conflict+ op9ions prevail z to ! be/ size = bee-boxes2 b1 l almo/ ev]y?+ else :]e ^! insects are conc]n$1 some?+ mu/ be left dep5d5t on circum/ances & locality1 z well z ! int5d$ mode ( work+ !m4 ,a fair av]age size = a pla9 box is elev5 & a half in*es squ>e1 by eight in*es deep1 )9side2 or1 p]haps bett]1 twelve by sev5 or sev5 & a half in*es1 cle>2 ! ?ickness ( wood ?r\gh\t be+ n less ?an an in*1 or1 if expos$1 m ?an ?is4 ,! cov] ( ! box %\ld h a small projection on all sides1 = bett] appe>ance1 & to af=d conv5i5ce = lift+4 ,on ! top a two- or ?ree-in* hole may be cut 9 ! c5tre1 = ! purposes ( sup]+1 ( fe$+1 or v5tilation4 ,in/ead1 h[ev]1 ( "o c5tral hole1 "s p]sons l to h ?ree small] ones1 cut triangul>ly2 af=d+ conv5i5ce = ! use ( a s+le l>ge1 or ?ree small glasses4 ,x is be/ to leave ! ro( ( ! box1 )9side1 unplan$1 z ! bees h sometimes a difficulty 9 mak+ ! fir/ combs adh]e to too smoo? a surface4 ,a w9d[ may be plac$ at ! back1 & ano!r at "o side1 ab\t f\r in*es high1 & six wide4 ,! glass %\ld be ?ick1 & secur$ by putty2 b x mu/ n fit too tightly1 or x is apt to crack f ! swell+ ( ! wood4 ,!re are v>i\s ways ( cov]+ ! w9d[s1 b ! be/ is1 p]haps1 by a slid+ %utt] ( z9c4 ,r\nd ! w9d[ !re mu/ be a project+ m\ld+1 mitr$ at ! corn]s4 ,on "o side ! piece ( m\ld+ is moveable1 & to ! back ( ?is is screw$ a plate ( %eet z9c4 ,?is passes into a rabbet to receive x1 cut1 on ! rema9+ ?ree sides1 at ! back ( ! l[] edge ( ! m\ld+4 ,:]e uni=mity ( appe>ance is /udi$1 blank w9d[s may be made opposite to ! real ones4,k ,no entrance-way %\ld be cut 9 ! box1 z ?is m prop]ly belongs to ! floor-bo>d4 ,illu/ration ,k ,z reg>ds w9d[s1 !y are always useful to inspect a hive1 b %\ld1 z a rule1 be kept d>k5$4 ,at ! same "t !re is no d\bt t bees w "w expos$ to ! light1 :5 ! option ( d>kness is n all[$ !m4 ,a fri5d put a sw>m into a unicomb hive1 made )\t %utt]s on ea* side1 & expos$ to ! full gl>e ( light at a w9d[1 :i* ,i frequ5tly inspect$4 ,! bees fill$ ! hive 9 a %ort "t1 pay+ app>5tly no att5tion to ! eyes (t5 obs]v+ _! op]ations4 ,x is to be rem>k$1 h[ev]1 t :e!r bees are 9 light or d>kness1 ! "o or ! o!r mu/ be cont9u\s1 z alt]nations di/urb & al>m !m4 ,we %all h]eaft] give a design = an exp]im5tal ,light ,hive4 ,a ref]5ce to ! engrav+ w %[ a box ?us made1 ) its slid+ %utt]4 ,x ought to be pa9t$ a suffici5t "t be=e use1 or ! smell is (f5sive to ! bees2 inde$1 ,i h kn[n a sw>m =sake a box 9 consequ5ce4 ,i may obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t "s p]sons pref] boxes1 :5 9 a h\se1 to be unpa9t$4 ,!y are always be/ plac$ "u "s k9d ( cov]1 z protection f wet & a hot sun is necess>y to prev5t w>p+ & splitt+1 & n unfrequ5tly ! melt+ ( ! combs4 ,"s ,g]man bee-keep]s h recomm5d$ box-hives made long f back to front1 & n>r[ f side to side4 ,,wood5 ,,b> ,,boxes4 ,an und\bt$ improvem5t on ! box describ$ 9 ! la/ section1 consi/s 9 ! addition ( sep>ate moveable b>s ( wood1 cross+ ! top ( ! hive1 9 p>allel l9es1 to :i* ! combs are to be atta*$4 ,by ?is means any comb1 on removal ( ! cov]1 c be sep>ately extract$1 adh]+ to its own p>ticul> b>4 ,! b>-sy/em1 z we may call x1 has _h _m advocates1 b to none are we m indebt$ ?an to ,dr4 ,bevan & ,mr4 ,gold+1 = r$uc+ to fix$ rules :at _h previ\sly be5 undef9$ & unc]ta94 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 appe>s to h a pref]5ce = /raw hives1 & has giv5 in/ructions = adapt+ b>s to !m4 ,we %all h]eaft] describe a hive ( ?is k9d1 b v>y+ 9 "s respects f ,mr4 ,gold+'s4 ,) ,dr4 ,bevan1 _m pref] boxes2 & a squ>e =m is bett] ?an any o!r1 z 9 ^! e b> has ! advantage ( be+ alike1 fitt+ any:]e1 ei!r 9 ! same or ano!r box4 ,at all ev5ts1 :atev] ! con/ruction ( ! hive1 says ,mr4 ,gold+1 )\t "s su* facility z b>s1 :]eby e comb c be made individually available1 !re is some?+ want$1 some?+ wrong4 ,) no claim1 !re=e1 to ! inv5tion ( any new pr9ciple1 ! boxes ,i h con/ruct$ are modifications ( ^? t prec$$ !m2 ! object 9 view be+ to r5d] ^!1 at a small extra co/1 m manageable to ! amateur4 ,9 %ort1 ,i "k ( no hive m completely "u control4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,i may premise t ! boxes 7z illu/rat$ 9 a =m] edition71 foll[+ ^? describ$ by ,dr4 ,bevan1 7 adapt$ = ! reception ( sev5 b>s4 ,subsequ5t exp]i5ce has %[n t ^! may be advantage\sly increas$ to eight 9 numb]1 ext5d+ ! squ>e ( ! hive1 b dim9i%+ its height4 ,9 ?ickness ! wood ought n to be less ?an a full in*4 ,! dim5sions )9side are ?irte5 & a qu>t] in*es squ>e2 ! height be+ sev5 in*es1 inclusive ( ! b>s4 ,z reg>ds w9d[s1 !re may be "o at ! back & at ! side1 f\r in*es high by sev5 or eight in*es long2 ) slid+ %utt]s1 l ^? describ$ 9 ! prec$+ section4 ,! glass ought to be s fix$ z to leave z little recess z possible )9side ! box1 o!rwise ! extraction ( ! combs is imp$$4 ,inde$1 x is bett] to h ! panes introduc$ flu%1 & cem5t$ f ! inn] side into a f9e rabbet4 ,! be/ k9d ( cem5t = ?is purpose is a mixture ( p[d]$ *alk & glue4 ,! b>s mu/ be "o & an eigh? in* wide1 & half an in* ?ick2 be+ be/ unplan$ on ! "u side1 to enable ! combs to adh]e to !m4 ,recesses ( a full eigh? ( an in* are cut f ! upp] inn] edge ( ! box1 to receive ! ends ( ! b>s1 into :i* !y %\ld fall easily1 rang$ f front to back4 ,x is ess5tial to foll[ ! rules laid d[n by ,dr4 ,bevan1 :o says1 if ! di/ances ( ! b>s f ea* o!r be nicely adju/$1 !re w be int]spaces betwe5 !m ( ab\t half an in*4 ,! precise wid? ( ! b>s %\ld be att5d$ to1 & also _! di/ances f ea* o!r1 z any deviation 9 ?is respect w\ld ?r[ ! combs wrong4 ,x is bett] to be some:at )9 ! rule ?an to exce$ x by ev] s little1 = ! t5d5cy is g5]ally to make ! combs approximate4 ,?is has induc$ me to v>y a little ! relative di/ances ( ! b>s1 ! ?ree 7f\r7 c5tre ones be+ plac$ only sev5 sixte5?s ( an in* f ea* o!r1 :il/ ! re/ gradually rec$e f t di/ance4 ,= ! purpose ( ensur+ ! ne$ful uni=mity & correctness ( workman%ip requisite 9 all po9ts1 ,i con/ruct$ a patt]n gauge1 z se5 9 ! annex$ engrav+4 ,x is made ( %eet metal1 brass be+ ! be/1 ( ! same dim5sions z ! int]ior squ>e ( ! boxes1 exclusive ( ! end projections4 ,^! latt] d5ote ! exact int]spaces betwe5 ! b>s2 s t if ! gauge is plac$ ^u ! inn] edge ( ! box1 ! position ( ! recesses into :i* ! b>s are int5d$ to fall may be indicat$ at ea* end4 ,moreov]1 ! gauge gives a correct patt]n = mak+ ! b>s1 z also ! position ( ! holes ?r\gh ! cr[n & c5tre bo>ds4 ,illu/ration ,x may be well "h to allude to :at "s h ?\ght to be an improvem5t 9 ! con/ruction ( ! b>s1 ! object be+ to r5d] ! combs m accessible1 & ! usual cutt+1 to deta* !m f ! sides ( ! hive1 avoid$4 ,a ref]5ce to ! accompany+ engrav+ w exhibit a b> ) a frame susp5d$ b5ea? x1 b s made z n to t\* ei!r ! sides or bottom ( ! hive1 & )9 :i* ! combs are1 or ought to be1 wr\ght4 ,d\btless1 advantages may arise f ! facilities ?us giv5 = removal1 provid$ ^! are n c\nt]balanc$ by ! evil ( great] complication1 & ! inconv5i5ce aris+ f ! possible atta*m5t by ! bees ( ! frame itself to ! sides ( ! hive1 & s sett+ !m fa/4 ,moreov]1 z su* frames curtail space 9 ! hive1 all[ance is necess>y 9 its ext]nal dim5sions4 ,illu/ration ,a cov] or cr[n bo>d1 ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick1 clamp$ at ! ends1 & project+ all r\nd ne>ly half an in*1 is fix$ d[n1 flu% ) ! b>s1 ) two or ?ree long screws4 ,to prev5t ru/+1 ^! may be ( brass4 ,"s objection has be5 rais$ aga9/ screws1 z be+ occasionally tr\blesome to remove4 ,! engrav+s annex$ 7drawn half size7 %[ ano!r mode ( atta*+ ! cr[n bo>d by means ( brass r+s1 elongat$ l ! l9k ( a *a91 & held loosely at ! bottom by ! head ( a screw1 ins]t$ at ! side ( ! box4 ,an ap]ture is cut 9 ! projection ( ! cr[n bo>d1 ?r\gh :i* ! l9k passes to ! top1 into a recess made to receive x1 & :]e x is fix$ by a moveable lat]al p91 leav+ a flu% surface4 ,on remov+ ! p9 ! l9k drops d[n ^u ! screw head1 & ! cr[n bo>d becomes releas$4 ,in/ead ( a r+1 a simil>ly =m$ l9k c be cut f a piece ( %eet metal4 ,x is n always t amateurs are possess$ ( ! n]ve requisite to p]=m1 p]iodically1 ! op]ation ( *ang+ ! cov] imm$iately ov] a popul\s /ock4 ,! con/ruction ( my b>-hive r5d]s ?is unnecess>y4 ,?r\gh ! cov] are ?ree op5+s1 cut z a passage upw>d = ! bees into a sup]4 ,= conv5i5ce1 two ( ^! are plac$ )9 ?ree in*es ( ! front ( ! box 7measur+ inside71 to ! c5tre ( ! holes1 :i* are "o in* & a qu>t] 9 diamet] at ! out] end1 l5g!n+ t[>ds ! c5tre to ?ree in*es2 !re dim9i%$ to a po9t1 & leav+ two int]m$iate in*es betwe5 !m4 ,i h f\nd x well 9 ?is "p to give an increas$ facility to ! bees 9 pass+ ov] ! b>s1 :i* o!rwise too mu* int]cept ! passage4 ,to accompli% ?is1 let ! cr[n bo>d be turn$ bottom upw>ds1 groov+ out ! c5tral portion com+ imm$iately und]nea? & betwe5 ! two holes1 = ! space ( six or sev5 in*es long1 "o & a half in* wide1 & ?ree eigh?s ( an in* deep4 ,! ?ird hole is made an in* & a half f ! back ( ! cov] 7measur$ inside72 ( ! same size & =m z ! o!rs1 b an in* %ort]4 ,?is w be useful 9 work+ glasses & 9 fe$+4 ,! elongat$ =m giv5 to ! holes is be/ adapt$ to prev5t kill+ or maim+ ! bees 9 introduc+ ! divid+ slides4 ,! latt] are plates ( /\t z9c or copp]1 two in*es wide1 slid+ )9 a recess or groove1 cut _! own ?ickness1 across ! top ( ! cr[n bo>d1 ov] ! holes4 ,! slides are long en\gh to meet 9 ! c5tre1 _! out] ends be+ a little turn$ up = conv5i5ce4 ,if ! la/ in* is p]=at$ ) small holes1 ! slide becomes a v5tilator1 by draw+ x out a little4 ,?is hive may be us$ ei!r = s+le or d\ble hiv+1 or ) any k9d ( sup]2 b to r5d] x complete = all purposes1 !re ought to be ?ree boxes1 =m+ a set1 z se5 9 ! engrav+s at p4 #ef1 9 :i* ! /ock-box is ! bottom "o4 ,9 _m seasons & localities1 h[ev]1 ! ?ird box might n be call$ =4 ,= conv5i5ce ( description1 ! numb]s #a1 #b1 & #c1 are us$ 9 ref]5ce to ! /ock-box1 ! fir/ sup]1 & ! c5tre box2 all to be ( equal size z to ! squ>e4 ,no4 #b %\ld be fitt$ ) b>s & w9d[s1 l ! fir/2 b 9 height x may be "o in*1 or sometimes two1 l[]4 ,moreov]1 !re mu/ be no holes ?r\gh its cr[n bo>d1 = :e!r two or ?ree boxes are 9 use1 ,no4 #b is always ! upp] "o4 ,a great conv5i5ce is giv5 by ! introduction ( a loose c5tre bo>d1 plac$ on ! top ( ! /ock-box1 & ( ! same dim5sions2 be+ 9 fact an adapt] to ! sup]1 :i* c be lift$ ^u x1 on removal4 ,x is ( half-in* wood1 clamp$1 hav+ op5+s cut ?r\gh1 correspond+ 9 =m & position ) ^? ( ! /ock-box1 b )\t any recess4 ,! slides move b5ea? ! c5tre bo>d1 op5+ or %utt+ (f ! communication f box to box1 z requir$4 ,no4 #c box diff]s f ! o!rs 9 be+ /ill %all[]1 & hav+ no moveable b>s4 ,moreov]1 ! c5tral portion ( its cov] is cut ?r\gh into ! semblance ( a grat+1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 ) six b>s1 n9e in*es long1 ( an in* & an eigh? 9 wid?1 & ) int]spaces ( half an in*4 ,9 c]ta9 v productive seasons1 & :5 ! sup] ,no4 #b is fill$1 ,no4 #c may be introduc$ betwe5 ! two o!rs2 n remov+ ! upp] box till ! bees h comm5c$ work+ 9 ,no4 #c4 ,a tempor>y close cov] mu/ !n be plac$ ov] ! grat$ "o ( ! latt]4 ,_m exp]i5c$ api>ians1 h[ev]1 object to us+ m ?an "o sup] hive1 pref]r+ to give any fur!r room t may be requir$1 at ! bottom ( ! /ock4 ,! box ,no4 #c is equally well adapt$ = ei!r alt]native2 = x may g z a nadir1 b5ea? ! /ock-hive1 tak+ its place on ! hive-bo>d1 9 :i* latt] is ! entrance = ! bees1 no o!r be+ p]mitt$4 ,a hive-bo>d suitable is ei!r l ! "o %[n at p4 #dc1 or t at p4 #dd2 ! boxes be+ plac$ ^u x1 ) ! b>s rang+ f front to back4 ,"s p]sons are incl9$1 in/ead ( "o c5tral entrance to ! /ock-box1 to pref] two small] ones1 plac$ respectively at ! out] extremities ( ! front1 ( c\rse cut f ! floor bo>d2 & x is probable t ?is dep>ture f ! g5]al practice may n be )\t its occasional advantage1 9 w9t] especially1 9 a broad1 %all[ hive4 ,illu/ration ,^! boxes1 l all wood5 hives1 %\ld be plac$ 9 a h\se ( "s k9d1 if possible2 b in/ances occur :]e su* a conv5i5ce is n available4 ,to meet ^!1 ,i w describe a sub/itute1 :i* gives effectual protection1 ?\gh x w\ld /ill be bett] /&+ "u a %$4 ,a recurr5ce to ! engrav+ 9 ! next page w %[ t our plan comprises an out] cas+1 9 two comp>tm5ts1 & surm\nt$ by a top cov] or ro(4 ,!y may be ( half-in* wood1 l>ge en\gh 9 ! squ>e to drop loosely ov] ! boxes1 ! l[] comp>tm5t re/+ ^u ! rabbet ( ! hive-bo>d1 :i* may be made z %[n at page #dd1 & wide en\gh to leave1 on ?ree sides1 an outside m>g9 ( an in*4 ,on ! front side a r m ext5d$ m>g9 may be exp$i5t4 ,! height ( ! l[] comp>tm5t1 measur+ f ! rabbet ( ! floor bo>d1 rea*es to ! top ( ! /ock-box1 except j z mu* z w all[ ! slides to pass ov] its edge4 ,a good-siz$ elliptical op5+ faces ! m\? ( ! hive2 or increas$ to two1 :]e !re is a second entrance4 ,! o!r comp>tm5t ( ! case %\ld be high en\gh to enclose )9 x ! two upp] boxes4 ,to its out] bottom edge1 a b& or fillet1 ab\t two in*es wide1 & ne>ly half an in* ?ick1 is app5d$1 half its wid?4 ,! o!r half-wid? is int5d$ to ov]lap ! out] upp] edge ( ! l[] case1 :5 plac$ "o ^u ! o!r2 & ?is "p %\ld be *amf]$1 s z to g on & (f easily4 ,= appe>ance' sake1 ano!r b& is app5d$ to ! upp] case1 ne> its top2 unless any o!r ext]ior ar*itectural embelli%m5t is pref]r$4 ,a ref]5ce to ! engrav+ w %[ ! :ole design is complet$ by a hipp$ ro( or cov]4 ,"u ! f\r project+ edges ( ! latt] is a susp5d$ cornice1 ab\t two in*es deep1 on its out] sides4 ,:5 9 its place1 ab\t ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* ( ! cornice ought to ov]hang1 dropp+ loosely ov] ! upp] out] edge ( ! case 7a little *amf]$72 to regulate ?is1 recess$ at ! f\r angles1 )9 ! cov]1 are atta*$ cross corn] blocks4 ,= ! purpose ( v5tilat+ ! ro(1 long lat]al op5+s are cut out on ! f\r sides1 f ! upp] "p ( ! cornice1 "u ! project+ edges ( ! ro(4 ,! total projection ( ?is may be two in*es1 or a little m4 ,! cov] ought to fit equally well ^u ei!r comp>tm5t ( ! case2 = 9 w9t] ! edifice c be r$uc$ to "o /ory only4 ,! /& = ! :ole is simply an op5 frame1 ( ! same outside dim5sions z ! cases2 ) in*-?ick rails1 f\r in*es deep1 fram$ at ! corn]s to f\r po/s or legs4 ,^! may be two in*es squ>e1 & eighte5 in*es high2 ei!r sunk into ! gr\nd1 or plac$ ^u x1 by means ( cross-pieces1 p9n$ or pegg$ d[n4 ,! hive-bo>d drops loosely d[n into ! frame1 & re/s ^u ! rails1 %[+ a projection all r\nd ( an in*2 ! cross b>s on its und]nea? side reta9+ x /eadily4 ,illu/ration ,9 a =m] edition1 ?is k9d ( hive1 :5 ?us fitt$ up ) an out] cov]+1 obta9$ ! "n ( ! d\ble b>-hive1 by way ( di/9ction f ano!r mode ( con/ruct+ x1 :i* w n[ be detail$4 ,:atev] may be said ab\t ! inexp$i5cy ( plac+ wood5 hives 9 exposure to ! wea!r1 ! "o we are n[ proce$+ to describe 0 int5d$ to meet ! wi%es ( "s bee-proprietors1 :o object$ to ! small degree ( tr\ble1 involv$ 9 us+ any k9d ( out] cas+2 obta9+ f ?is circum/ance ! appellation ( ! s+le b>-hive4 ,illu/ration ,! ?ree boxes1 =m+ ! set1 diff] b little f ^? la/ describ$2 ! int]ior dim5sions1 b>s1 w9d[s1 cr[n-bo>ds1 c41 be+ simil>2 b ! c5tre bo>d is omitt$1 & ! ?ickness ( ! wood mu/ be increas$ to n less ?an "o & a qu>t] in*4 ,a rabbet ( a qu>t] ( an in* is cut r\nd all ! cr[n-bo>ds1 to receive a sup] box1 or ! ro( cov]2 ! bett] to reta9 x 9 its place4 ,! outside projection %\ld be ext5d$ to n less ?an an in* & a half2 ?is "p be+ *amf]$ to ?r[ (f wet4 ,! plan ( ! ro( cov] w be se5 on ref]5ce to our illu/ration4 ,! squ>e app5d$ )9 x is 9 int]ior diamet] ! same z ! boxes1 to fit ov] any ( !m1 re/+ ^u x suffici5tly to all[ ! project+ p>ts ( ! cr[n-bo>d to be se5 z a cornice4 ,beyond ?is1 !re is a fur!r projection ( ! ro( ( an in*1 provision = v5tilation be+ made by a d\ble set ( op5+s1 cut z %[n 9 our engrav+4 ,= bett] security 9 w9t]1 loose wood5 blocks1 to ! /ock-box1 may be made to fill ! space int]v5+ betwe5 ! glass w9d[s & ! slid+ %utt]s4 ,! hive-bo>d may be t %[n ei!r at p4 #dc1 or #dd1 ( ! same dim5sions z t ( ! cr[n-bo>ds1 & *amf]$ (f4 ,! /& to receive x is l ! "o describ$ & %[n at p4 #ff1 ! squ>e ( its frame be+ ! same z t ( ! ext]ior ( ! boxes4 ,our engrav+ exhibits a simple me?od ( add+ a useful k9d ( por* to ! entrance ( ! /ock-box1 by means ( a /rip ( z9c or o!r mat]ial1 ( ! wid? ( ! front projection ( ! floor bo>d4 ,x c be b5t into ! =m ( an elliptical ar*1 ! two l[] extremities be+ held by go+ d[n )9 ! sunk5 "p ( ! bo>d1 :il/ ! upp] "p d]ives support by be+ press$ back b5ea? ! w9d[ m\ld+4 ,illu/ration ,^? :o /udy economy may1 in/ead ( ! entire set ( boxes j describ$1 reta9 ! /ock-box only1 ) a cov] to receive any k9d ( sup]1 z %[n above4 ,! cov] w d if made ( half-in* wood1 n9e in*es high to ! squ>e ( ! ro(2 ! outside dim5sions be+ ! same z 9 ! /ock-box4 ,a slant+ project+ ro( =ms a "p ( ! cov]4 ,"u its project+ edges op5+s = v5tilation c be cut4 ,! cov] is reta9$ 9 its place by a rabbet cut r\nd ! top ( ! /ock-box1 & prev5t+ ! admission ( wet4 ,! object ( ! b>s we h said is to furni% p>allel f\ndations on :i* ! combs are to be work$1 = )\t an obs]vance ( ?is regul>ity1 subsequ5t extraction becomes impossible2 %[+ ! necessity = a prop] beg9n+4 ,to induce ! bees to pres]ve a /raight direction1 x has usually be5 f\nd exp$i5t to app5d :at are t]m$ guide-combs to ?ree or f\r ( ! c5tre b>s ( ! /ock-box1 previ\sly to hiv+ a sw>m into x2 & = ! purpose "s pieces ( clean work]-comb ought to be kept 9 res]ve4 ,9 giv+ ! ne$ful directions = fix+ ! guides1 we _c d bett] ?an use ! words ( ,mr4 ,gold+1 :o says1 ?is is easily effect$ by heat+ a common flat-iron1 slightly w>m+ ! b>s ) x1 !n melt+ a little bees'-wax ^u x4 ,! comb is n[ drawn quickly across ! heat$ iron1 & held d[n ^u ! c5tre ( ! b>1 to :i* x firmly adh]es1 if prop]ly manag$4 ,^! pieces ( guide-comb ne$ n be m ?an two or ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! pit* or incl9ation ( ! cells is upw>ds f ! c5tre ( ea* comb4 ,or x may d equally well1 if ! edge ( ! comb is dipp$ 9 melt$ wax4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( guide-combs ano!r mode ( proce$+ has be5 sometimes successfully resort$ to4 ,take a flat piece ( t9 or z9c 7or /iff pap] might d71 ( ! l5g? & wid? ( "o ( ! b>s3 cut out ! c5tral portion to ! ext5t ( half an in* 9 wid?4 ,lay ! patt]n ?us prep>$ ^u ! b>1 & ) a bru% sme>1 9 a /raight l9e1 "s melt$ bees'-wax along ! c5tral half-in* op5+1 & s proce$ ) f\r or five o!r b>s4 ,! bees w usually comm5ce work+ fir/ ^u ! wax$ "p ( ! b>1 & ?is t5ds to uni=mity subsequ5tly4 ,no?+ c be m beautiful ?an a box ( honey-combs ?us regul>ly work$2 nor is x possible 9 any o!r way to h !m s p]fect & unbrok51 :5 deta*$4 ,inde$1 ! conv5i5ce ( moveable b>s c only be appreciat$ by ^? accu/om$ to _! use4 ,_! advantage is app>5t :5 x has become exp$i5t to remove old combs f /ock-hives4 ,!y may be made available 9 cases :]e "o box has m & ano!r less ( suffici5t /ore ( honey3 9 su* ev5t1 or z a sub/itute = fe$+1 a load$ b> or two c be transf]r$ f ! "o to ! o!r2 or f a sup] to a /ock-box4 ,= ! object ( mak+ artificial sw>ms great facility is giv51 m especially :5 a comb conta9s a royal cell4 ,a brood-comb may 9 l mann] be tak5 & ins]t$ 9 a weak /ock1 to /r5g!n ! population2 or = ! purpose ( re>+ a ,que5 artificially1 9 a hive want+ "o4 ,s also1 9 ! sw>m+ season1 sup]num]>y royal cells may be cut out3 likewise1 a sup]abundance ( drone-combs c be remov$1 & ! bees w fill ! vacancies ) common ones4 ,we %all1 "u ! head ( ,autumnal managem5t1 give g5]al directions = ! removal or deprivation ( full sup] boxes2 b x may be well "h to describe ! me?od to be pursu$ :]e x is necess>y to op]ate on a /ock-hive4 ,9 su* a case1 a piece ( bo>d is useful1 ( ! same wid? & ?ickness z ! top1 or cr[n-bo>d4 ,9 ! middle ( ! day1 unscrew ! latt]1 slid+ x sideways2 ! extra bo>d cov]+ ov] ! vacancy z y proce$4 ,9 ?is way1 only z mu* space z is want$ to get at any giv5 b> ne$ be expos$4 ,a few puffs ( smoke1 says ,mr4 ,gold+1 may n[ be bl[n d[n ! sides ( ! comb to be tak5 out1 :i* w intimidate ! bees1 & drive !m away4 ,a d\ble-edg$ knife-blade1 an in* & a half long1 & ?ree eigh?s ( an in* wide1 turn$ at "r angles f ! end ( an iron rod ( ab\t a foot 9 l5g?1 is n[ pass$ d[n ! edges ( ! comb1 to deta* !m f ! hive4 ,aft] ?is is done1 ! comb may be easily lift$2 su* bees z /ill adh]e to x be+ swept d[n into ! hive z ! b> is lift$ upw>ds4 ,su* op]ations z ^! are mu* less =midable ?an _m p]sons believe4 ,! fact is1 ! bees1 :5 once intimidat$ by ! smoke1 may be done almo/ any?+ )4 ,quietness & a little tact are all t is requir$4 ,:5 combs are tak5 out1 !y may be ei!r deta*$ f ! b>s at once1 & ! b>s return$1 or sp>e b>s may be kept on h& :]e) to replace su* z h be5 extract$4 ,,b> ,,glass-,,hive4 ,illu/ration ,be=e we leave ! subject ( box-hives1 x may be int]e/+ to give a description ( "o rec5tly con/ruct$ by me = exp]im5tal purposes1 z ref]r$ to 9 ! note at page #ec1 & "h illu/rat$4 ,x may n improp]ly be t]m$ a ,light1 or ,obs]vatory ,hive1 9 di/9ction f ! usual mode ( r5d]+ ! dwell+ z d>k z possible4 ,! hive itself resembles ! b>-boxes j describ$1 z to its int]ior dim5sions1 b>s1 cr[n-bo>d1 c42 b diff]s inasmu* z x is made simply z a frame1 fill$ 9 on ! f\r sides ) ?ick glass1 flu% ) ! inside surface ( ! wood4 ,= ! purpose ( prev5t+ ! bees f atta*+ ! combs to ! glass1 ?9 upright /rips ( wood1 r m ?an half an in* wide1 are tack$ "u ! c5tre ( ea* b>1 at bo? ends1 ext5d+ f top to bottom inside ( ! hive4 ,or "s might pref] to use frame-b>s1 l ! "o describ$ & illu/rat$ at page #eh2 b guides or wax$ b>s mu/ be us$1 to ensure ! regul>ity ( ! combs1 & prev5t an ob/ruction to ! sight4 ,! hive ought to be plac$ 9 a h\se1 & 9 w9t] %\ld be c>efully cov]$2 an out] case or box go+ ov] all4 ,,/raw ,,b>-,,hive4 ,we h already allud$ to hives ( /raw1 fitt$ ) b>s4 ,! "o n[ ab\t to be describ$ diff]s f ^? commonly us$1 9 sev]al respects1 z w be se5 on ref]5ce to ! annex$ illu/ration4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,9 =m1 my hive is an op5 cyl9d]1 #ad in*es 9 inside diamet]1 & #g in*es 9 height1 to ! upp] side ( ! b>s1 :i* are eight 9 numb]2 simil> 9 size1 & int]spac$ l ^? 9 ! squ>e b>-hive1 describ$ at page #ef4 ,= ! purpose ( support+ ! b>s1 a well-season$ hoop is introduc$ )91 & on a level )1 ! upp] edge ( ! hive--ne>ly two in*es 9 dep?1 & a qu>t] in* ?ick2 its int]ior diamet] be+ ! same z t ( ! hive4 ,! two upp] /raw b&s ( ! latt] are r$uc$ 9 size1 suffici5tly to =m a recess equal to ! ?ickness ( ! hoop1--! outside ( ! hive rema9+ flu%4 ,! hoop is !re reta9$ by a few small brad-nails1 driv5 ?r\gh x & into ! /raw2 & ?us no imp$im5t is (f]$ on extract+ ! combs4 ,a difficulty pres5t$ itself 9 atta*+ ! b>s to ! edge ( ! hoop1 to ov]come :i* ,i con/ruct$ a patt]n-gauge1 diff]+ 9 =m f t se5 at page #eg4 ,our illu/ration w %[ t ! out] edges ( ! gauge are divid$1 s z1 :5 laid flat ^u ! hoop1 to give ! precise position ( ! ind5tations = ! reception ( ! ends ( ! b>s3 moreov]1 ^! may sev]ally be correctly fa%ion$ by foll[+ ! =m %[n ^u ! gauge4 ,! adju/m5t ( ! b>s %\ld be done previ\sly to atta*+ ! hoop to ! hive1 n all[+ !m to fit too tight4 ,! cov] is a flat piece ( work$ /raw1 :i* ought to lie close ^u ! b>s4 ,i h f\nd no bett] me?od ( secur+ ! cov] 9 its place ?an by ! use ( a few po9t$ iron p9s1 go+ d[n ?r\gh x & into ! upp] edge ( ! hive4 ,= conv5i5ce ( work+ sup]s1 a ?ree-in* hole is left 9 ! c5tre ( ! cov]2 /opp$1 :5 n 9 use1 by a small piece ( work$ /raw1 p9n$ d[n4 ,"s p]sons might pref] a wood5 top1 :i* may be p]=at$ ei!r ) "o hole or ?ree4 ,x %\ld re/ ^u ! b>s1 & c be held 9 its place by p9s1 9 ! way we h j m5tion$1 & :i* at any "t are removable2 or a hoop may be atta*$ to ! edge ( ! cr[n-bo>d1 z describ$ & %[n at page #ce4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,circul> ,,wood5 ,,hives4 ,i h sometimes turn$ my att5tion to cyl9d]s ( wood1 z (f]+ great advantages 9 con/ruct+ a hive2 n only 9 atta*+ b>s1 b also ! desirable conv5i5ce ( w9d[s4 ,! facilities = procur+ !m made ) ! requisite correctness ( =m1 h[ev]1 dep5ds on circum/ances n always at comm&2 ! process ( con/ruction be+ ! same ( /eam+1 roll+1 & %ap+1 employ$ by ! manufactur]s ( our common wood5 corn measures1 c4 ,! co/ ( ! wood cyl9d]s alone are n mu* m ?an ! /raw ones1 & be+ made ( oak or a%1 !y are v durable4 ,s(t] & m por\s wood w\ld d\btless be pref]able1 b a difficulty att5ds ! use ( su*4 ,9 size1 ! dim5sions be=e recomm5d$ are adh]$ to2 viz41 #ad in*es cle>1 by sev5 in*es 9 height1 = hives ) or )\t b>s2 ! ?ickness be+ ab\t half an in*4 ,a ref]5ce to our illu/ration1 & to ! accompany+ patt]n gauge1 w %[ ! mode ( cutt+ & adju/+ ! b>s2 ^! re/+ r loosely 9 rabbets1 cut ! wid? ( ! b>1 half ?r\gh ! ?ickness ( ! hive4 ,! cr[n-bo>d may be made & cut 9 ! way already describ$1 & c be fix$ by means ( a few small screws2 or1 if pref]r$1 9 ! me?od detail$ & illu/rat$ at page #ei4 ,:5 ! hive is n fitt$ ) b>s1 x is an advantage p>tially to s9k ! cr[n-bo>d )9 ! diamet] ( ! cyl9d]1 :i* ensures a m p]fect jo9t4 ,at ! back is a w9d[ ( b5t glass1 protect$ by a slid+ z9c %utt]1 mov+ 9 a frame ( rabbet$ m\ld+2 all foll[+ ! curv$ =m ( ! wood4 ,a suitable /a9+ & v>ni%+ gives to ! :ole a neat appe>ance4 ,two ( ! hives may be plac$ "o ^u ! o!r1 = sup]+2 an adapt] or c5tre bo>d go+ betwe5 !m3 or small] wood5 r\nd hives1 ( any size1 ) ?9 tops1 c be us$ = ! same purpose2 & ^! might be made by a common coop]4 ,illu/ration ,^! hives are ( too rec5t introduction to w>rant say+ m ?an t1 to adapt !m to ! object 9 view1 x is ess5tial t !y be plac$ 9 a h\se or cov]1 z f ! d5sity ( ! wood !y are n calculat$ to be> exposure to ! sun & wea!r4 ,9 w9t] att5tion %\ld be giv5 to close cov]+ !m4 ,i may add t1 9 us+ a ?9n] cyl9d]1 ,i h tri$ ! exp]im5t ( coat+ ! outside ) an envelope ( gutta p]*a1 giv+ ! advantage ( improv$ appe>ance1 & d\btless ( utility1 b at a consid]able increase ( co/4 ,,collat]al ,,sy/em4 ,illu/ration ,v>i\s modes ( work+ hives collat]ally1 or side by side1 h be5 devis$1 b a v simple "o has be5 practis$ ) success by a correspond5t1 :i* z adapt$ by me may ) propriety be t]m$ a d\bl+-bo>d4 ,x is =m$ ( a pla9 bo>d n less ?an an in* ?ick4 ,x mu/ be ( suffici5t wid? to take a broad %all[ hive1 & long en\gh to conta9 two ( ^!1 ) six or eight in*es to sp>e4 ,a /ock-hive is 9 ! fir/ in/ance plac$ ov] ! c5tre circul> m>k1 )9 :i* is ! d\ble outlet = ! bees4 ,:5 m space is requir$1 x mu/ be mov$ ov] "o ( ! side circles1 & a second hive plac$ ov] ! o!r4 ,! d\ble outlet =ms a communication )9 ! floor-bo>d f hive to hive4 ,! "p holl[$ out = ?is purpose is five in*es wide1 six in*es long1 & half an in* high inside1 a slop+ way be+ cut on ! two fur!r sides d[n into x4 ,two cov]$ passages lead f ?is1 t]m9at+ at "o po9t on ! alight+-bo>d4 ,! bees1 hav+ be5 accu/om$ to bo? ^! passages1 w commonly take to ! second hive1 & comm5ce work+ !re91 p>ticul>ly if sme>$ ) honey4 ,9 ord] to %[ ! position ( ! p>ts holl[$ out1 ^! are slightly %ad$ 9 ! engrav+4 ,!y are cut f ! bottom side ( ! bo>d1 9 ! way describ$ at page #de4 ,a second piece ( wood1 n9e or t5 in*es wide1 mu/ be screw$ to ! "u side1 to enclose ! op5+s4 ,?is ought to rea* back ne>ly ! wid? ( ! upp] bo>d2 at ! same "t project+ f> en\gh 9 front to =m ! alight+-place4 ,ano!r cross piece may be screw$ to ! "u side1 at ea* end4 ,:5 x is requir$ to take away "o ( ! hives1 ! communication bel[ mu/ be cut (f betwe5 !m4 ,?is is done by means ( a divid] ( /rong t91 copp]1 or iron1 pu%$ 9 f beh9d1 9 a groove cut edgewise 9 ! bottom side ( ! ma9 bo>d1 & re/+ on ! "u "o4 ,! dott$ l9e 9 ! engrav+ %[s ! position ( ! divid]1 :i* mu/ 9 dep? be ! same z ! passage betwe5 ! two hives1 s z1 :5 9 its place1 to /op x entirely across ! c5tre4 ,ano!r plan ( work+ hives side by side is %[n bel[1 two bo>ds be+ requir$4 ,illu/ration ,!y are made on ! d\ble plan1 z describ$ at page #de2 alike 9 size & ?ickness1 ) ! entrance passages cut out f b5ea?4 ,!re mu/1 h[ev]1 be two entrances to ! bo>d int5d$ = ! second hive--"o 9 front1 & ! o!r at ! side1 ) doorways n less ?an six in*es wide4 ,a w$ge or two ( wood w contract !m z ne$$4 ,:5 room is requir$1 ! fir/ bo>d ) its hive mu/ be mov$ s f> sideways t ! second "o c precisely occupy its place4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be turn$ half r\nd1 s t its m\? & t on ! side ( ! new hive meet & fit close toge!r4 ,! bees w pass into ! o!r hive on go+ out3 on return+ x w be ! same1 = ! alight+-bo>d 7:i* ought to be a fixture7 w rema9 z usual4 ,on remov+ a full hive1 ! o!r mu/ be re/or$ to its orig9al position4 ,illu/ration ,,:ite',s ,,collat]al ,,hive4 ,z reg>ds collat]al bee-boxes1 we owe our orig9al acqua9tance ) !m pr9cipally to ,:ite1 ne>ly a c5tury ago4,l ,8 plan requires two boxes1 plac$ side by side1 ) means ( communication1 op5 or /opp$ at pleasure4 ,^! hives d n appe> to h be5 v ext5sively us$2 p]haps a good deal ow+ to ! imp]fect way 9 :i* !y 7 made4 ,= my own use1 ,i endeav\r$ to improve ^u ! orig9al design1 ( :i* ! engrav+ foll[+ w give an idea4 ,! boxes & _! bo>ds are %[n a little sep>at$2 ! passages f "o to ! o!r be+ made along ! top & bottom ( ea* box4 ,^! op5+s c be clos$ by ! introduction horizontally ( slides ( ?ick t9 or copp]1 ( an in* & a qu>t] wide1 ins]t$ f beh9d2 let into ! boxes _! own ?ickness1 & !re loosely kept by cases or /rips ( t91 cut to correspond ) ! op5+s4 ,! t9s may be ab\t two & a half in*es wide4 ,_! =m1 & t ( ! slides1 is "h %[n4 ,l ,see ',collat]al ,bee-boxes2 or a new1 easy1 & advantage\s me?od ( manag+ ,bees4' ,by ,/eph5 ,:ite1 ,holton1 ,suffolk1 ,london1 ?ree editions1 #agef1 #agfc1 & #agfd4 ,illu/ration ,,nutt',s ,,collat]al ,,hive4 ,! modes we h hi!rto notic$ z applicable to hives work$ side by side suppose two to be employ$2 b ,nutt1 a few ye>s ago1 introduc$ ?ree boxes1 z =m+ a set2 & ^! hives _h _! day1 :]e co/ & space 7 n objects4,m ,m ,see ',humanity to ,honey ,bees4' ,by ,?omas ,nutt4 ,! ?ree boxes are plac$ toge!r collat]ally1 ) an entrance f ! c5tre box to ! side ones1 ea* way1 ?r\gh :at may be t]m$ a grat+2 :i* communication c ei!r be op51 or cut (f by means ( a divid]1 made ( %eet t91 pu%$ betwe54 ,! c5tre box ,nutt nam$ ! ,pavilion1 into :i* ! bees mu/ be hiv$1 & n aft]w>ds di/urb$4 ,z m space is requir$ by ! bees1 x is giv5 by )draw+ ! divid]4 ,!y !n take possession ( "o or bo? ( ! side boxes1 :i* :5 fill$ c be remov$4 ,!re are holes on ! top ( ! side boxes = ! reception ( v5tilators4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( ^! hives ! !ory ( ,nutt supposes t a w>m] temp]ature is requir$ 9 ! seat ( bre$+ f t 9 :i* comb-build+ & ! /or+ ( honey ought to take place1 ?an :i* no great] fallacy is possible1 z dur+ ! =mation ( a comb ! bees clu/] r\nd x 9 masses1 to g5]ate ! highe/ degree ( w>m?4 ,by ! ag5cy ( v5tilation 9 8 side boxes1 ^! are injuri\sly r5d]$ cool] ?an ! c5tre "o2 a !rmomet] ins]t$ )9 ! v5tilator det]m9+ ! relative degrees ( heat4,n ,n ,ano!r po9t on :i* ,nutt laid mu* /ress may be m5tion$1 viz41 ! suppos$ advantage to ! bees 9 work+ on "o level1 )\t ! necessity ( climb+1 z 9 /orifi$ hives4 ,i long ?\ght ?is 0 indisputable4 ,fur!r consid]ation l$ me m m9utely to exam9e ! habits ( ! bee 9 ?is respect1 & ,i became conv9c$ t nature _h giv5 x equal facilities = mov+ 9 e direction4 ,a sci5tific correspond5t ?us writes on ?is subject3 ,i once prop\nd$ ! "q to a v em95t ma!matician1 & 8 reply 01 t1 if any1 ! diff]5ce 0 too m9ute to admit ( calculation betwe5 ! horizontal & ! p]p5dicul> movem5t2 x 01 9 ! language ( ! pres5t day1 inf9itesimal4 ,al?\gh few ( ,nutt's positions h be5 f\nd to /& ! te/ ( practice1 x ought n to be said t 8 crude speculations & ra% ass]tions h be5 altoge!r )\t useful results1 z !y und\bt$ly l$ to f>!r inve/igation1 & sev]al mod]n improvem5ts _h ?us _! orig94 ,illu/ration ,al?\gh at "o "t ,i incl9$ to ! pr9ciple prop\nd$ by ,nutt1 yet 9 ! work+ ( 8 hives1 ,i f\nd sev]al disadvantages 9 _! details4 ,i !re=e1 = my own conv5i5ce1 alt]$ 9 "p ! =m1 & mode ( communication betwe5 ! boxes1 z %[n 9 ,:ite's hive2 9 ! abs5ce ( a bee-h\se1 complet+ ! fabric by ! addition ( an out] cov] & wea!r-bo>d$ ro(4 ,! details ( ?is hive h s frequ5tly be5 repeat$ 9 =m] editions1 t a ref]5ce to ! prec$+ engrav+s w n[ suffice to give a g5]al idea ( ! gr\nd & sep>at$ plan1 & elevation4 ,illu/ration ,! v5tilators ,i con/ruct$ = my ,nutt's hive1 aft] try+ v>i\s =ms1 consi/ ( d\ble t9 or z9c tubes1 bo? re/+ on a flan* or rim1 9 ! holes prep>$ = !m on ! top ( ! box1 usually ne> ! back4 ,! out] tube is ( "o in* diamet]1 & six in*es long1 ) six half-in* holes disp]s$ ov] x4 ,x is soon fix$ d[n 9 its place by ! bees1 & s mu/ rema94 ,! inn] tube is ( p]=at$ z9c1 ) a project+ top z a h&le1 & a cap to put on or (f ?is1 z requir$4 ,! bees w /op up ! inn] tube :]e !y c get at x1 :5 x may be turn$ r\nd a little to pres5t a new surface4 ,:5 :olly /opp$1 x c be )drawn f its place1 & a clean tube sub/itut$4 ,a small !rmomet] fits )9 ! inn] tube4 ,! sci5tific api>ian1 ) exp]im5tal objects 9 view1 w (t5 f9d ?is k9d ( app>atus1 :i* is applicable to any pla9 box-hive1 ( use4 ,illu/ration ,!re is no?+ to prev5t ! adoption1 9 ?is hive1 ( an entrance f b5ea? ! floor-bo>d1 9 ! way describ$ at page #de4 ,9 ?is case1 ! portico & its adjuncts are sup]s$$2 z se5 bel[1 9 an improv$ elevation4 ,,nadir ,,hive4 ,illu/ration3 ,elevation ,bees n unfrequ5tly take advantage ( a hole or crack 9 ! floor ( _! domicile to comm5ce build+ combs und]nea? x1 a position possess+ "s advantages4 ,d]iv+ a h9t f !mselves1 ,i contriv$ :at1 f ?is peculi>ity1 ,i us$ to t]m by way ( di/9ction a ,nadir ,hive1 ! /ore box be+ plac$ und]nea? ! /ock1 com+ out at ! back1 z a draw]4 ,! details ( con/ruction ( ! ,nadir ,hive h appe>$ sev]al times 9 our =m] editions1 b by way ( illu/rat+ ! pr9ciple & me?ods ( its application1 ! engrav+s annex$ w n be )\t _! utility4 ,9 practice ,i f\nd no indisposition on ! "p ( ! bees to ent] & "w 9 ! /ore draw]1 into :i* !y h access ?r\gh ! floor-bo>d above1 & :i* is 9 "p made l t %[n at page #gh4 ,x w be se5 t ! entire design supposes an out-door hive1 ) a hipp$ cov]4 ,! /ock-box is enclos$ by f\r panels1 mov+ up & d[n 9 grooves or rabbets1 cut 9 ! corn] pila/]s1 ! latt] be+ atta*$ to ! box4 ,illu/ration3 ,sep>at$ ,plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,floor-bo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,nadir draw] & loose cov]4 ,?is mode ( apply+ ! ,nadir1 or r ,ne!r pr9ciple1 mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! usual plan ( di/urb+ ! /ock-hive = ! purpose ( plac+ an empty "o b5ea? x1 ) a new entrance 9 ! latt] = ! bees4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! ,que5 w commonly desc5d & bre$ 9 ! nadir1 :i* is conv]t$ into ! /ock1 occasion+ mu* subsequ5t inconv5i5ce4 ,i h n f\nd su* to be ! case :]e ! /ock1 & ! entrance into x1 is n int]f]$ )2 & am incl9$ to believe t ?is adaptation ( bottom-hiv+ is wor?y ( mu* m att5tion ?an x has receiv$2 to say no?+ ( its simplicity1 safety 9 managem5t1 & obvi\s conv5i5ce to ! bees4 ,i w !re=e proce$ to %[ 9 :at way x may be made applicable1 g5]ally1 to ! purposes ( an api>y4 ,we h j po9t$ out t ! mode we are n[ discuss+ diff]s f ! ,nadir pr9ciple1 & by way ( di/9ction1 ! t]m ,ne!r w be us$1 n only to m>k ! diff]5ce1 b z pres5t+ a contra/ to ! opposite ^w ,sup]4 ,we are to suppose t ! %elf on :i* ! hives are rang$ 9 a bee-h\se is p]=at$ "u ! c5tre ( ea*1 f back to front1 ) an op5+ ?r\gh1 ?ree in*es long1 & ab\t ?ree qu>t] in* wide4 ,! hive-bo>d mu/ be a sep>ate loose "o2 & x ought to lie flat on ! %elf1 ) a p]=ation simil> to ! o!r1 ! holes 9 ea* com+ toge!r3 to ensure ?is ! %elf c be m>k$4 ,by mov+ ! hive-bo>d 7:i* is be/ squ>e7 a little sideways ( ?is m>k1 ! position ( ! two holes is alt]$1 & ! communication d[nw>ds becomes /opp$2 always do+ ?is cauti\sly1 to avoid injur+ ! bees4 ,or1 ! same object is p]haps bett] atta9$ by means ( a n>r[ z9c or t9 slide1 ins]t$ f beh9d1 betwe5 ! two bo>ds1 mov+ 9 a groove pl\gh$ its own ?ickness out ( ! %elf4 ,a ref]5ce to our la/ engrav+ suffici5tly exhibits a box1 or r draw] 7( suitable size71 :i*1 :5 9 its place1 moves close on ! und]nea? side ( ! bee-h\se %elf1 by means ( blocks & runn]s2 draw+ out at ! back by a h&le4 ,x may h a w9d[ & %utt]1 b no entrance = ! bees1 except d[nw>ds ?r\gh ! cov]1 9 :i* is an ap]ture1 correspond+ 9 size & position ) ^? 9 ! bo>ds above x4 ,x w be se5 t ! cov] ( ! draw] is a moveable "o1 ( half in* bo>d1 fitt+ d[n flu% into x1 & re/+ at ! f\r corn]s ^u wire supports1 or small blocks1 plac$ ! ?ickness ( ! cov]1 across ! angles4 ,! edges ( ! cov] 7except at ! corn]s7 are cut away j en\gh to admit ( pass+ a knife-blade d[n1 to sep>ate ! combs f ! sides1 :5 ! :ole may be lift$ up1 ) ! combs atta*$4 ,! honey ?us obta9$ is ( ! pure/ k9d1 & ,i h kn[n a l>ge quantity made available ) ! lea/ possible di/urbance to ! bees1 on removal4 ,! draw] may be sometimes fur!r made useful = ! purpose ( fe$+1 a tr\gh be+ plac$ 9 x1 close up to ! op5+ 9 ! cov]4 ,a small op5+ or p]=ation1 at or ne> ! bottom ( ! draw]1 w give v5tilation %\ld x be ne$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,front4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,back4 ,) a fur!r view ( facilitat+ ! practice ( "u-hiv+1 :5 favorable circum/ances all[ ( x1 we w proce$ to describe :at ,i h t]m$ a ,ne!r1 :i* may be us$ z an adjunct to a /raw or any o!r hive1 z %[n 9 ! illu/rations ,fig4 #a1 back & front4 ,x may be ( half in* wood1 #aa or #aa-a_/b in*es squ>e )9side1 & #f to #g in*es deep1 z circum/ances require 7see ,fig4 #d74 ,x has a w9d[ & %utt] at ! back1 b nei!r a fix$ top nor bottom1 ^! be+ moveable bo>ds1 ( half in* wood1 made to project half an in* beyond ! ,ne!r box2 except t1 z respects ! bottom bo>d1 ! projection is increas$ at ! back1 ) a view to give facilities on ! removal ( ! ,ne!r4 7,see ,figs4 #c & #e47 ,to receive & enclose ! ,ne!r1 !re is an out] case or cov]1 also ( half in* wood1 #ac to #ac-a_/b in*es squ>e )9side1 made half an in* high] ?an ! ,ne!r1 its top & bottom bo>ds inclusive4 ,! out] case is clos$ on all sides except ! top & back4 7,see ,fig4 #b47 ,^u x re/s ! floor-bo>d ( ! /ock-hive1 :i* may be ( in* wood1 %[+ a projection all r\nd ( an in*1 except at ! front1 :]e an additional ?ree in*es is giv51 to =m ! alight+ bo>d1 ?is "p bevell+ =w>ds4 ,a squ>e ( half in* wood mu/ be screw$ to ! "u side ( ! floor-bo>d1 ( a size to drop easily )9 ! squ>e ( ! out] case1 & ?us reta9+ x 9 its place4 ,betwe5 ! two pieces ( :i* ! floor-bo>d is compos$1 a groove is pl\gh$ out1 f front to back1 two in*es wide1 to receive a z9c divid+ slide1 pu%+ 9 f beh9d4 ,an op5+1 ab\t ?ree in*es long1 is cut ?r\gh ! floor-bo>d1 t[>ds ! front1 & also ?r\gh ! cov] ( ! ,ne!r1 to correspond1 s t a passage = ! bees c be op5$ on )draw+ ! divid]4 7,see ,figs4 #f1 front & back47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,back3 #f4 ,,front3 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b ,a rev]sal ( ?is proce$+ enables possession or inspection to be _h ( ! ,ne!r box1 by )draw+ x 7^u its bottom bo>d7 f beh9d1 ! /ock-hive be+ entirely undi/urb$ by ! op]ation4 ,x is well "h to rem>k t exp]i5ce has %[n t x is seldom exp$i5t to apply ! ,ne!r pr9ciple to any b /rong & popul\s /ocks1 & especially 9 only mod]ately w>m wea!r1 z o!rwise ! bees w pref] to foll[ ! w>m? upw>ds1 into a sup]4 ,on _! fir/ admission into ! ,ne!r1 a few bees w (t5 be lo/ 9 consequ5ce ( _! inability to f9d ! way out1 s t1 z a precaution1 a frequ5t inspection ( ! w9d[ is at su* "t desirable4 ,a small ap]ture beh9d1 at ! bottom or side ( ! ,ne!r1 may be made1 z a mode ( exit = ! prison]s1 to be clos$ at pleasure4 ,,bee ,,%$s ,,& ,,h\ses4 ,"u ! head ( ,hive-cov]s we h %[n 9 :at way expos$ hives c be protect$ f ! effects ( wea!r2 & :]e only "o or two ( !m are kept1 any ( ^! might suffice4 ,! case1 h[ev]1 is alt]$ :5 a well-/ock$ api>y is aim$ at1 requir+ a m complete provision = p]man5t safety4 ,= ?is purpose1 "s proprietors l a cov]$ %$ or v]&ah1 9 a well-scre5$ spot1 p>tially op5 9 ! front only4 ,!re %\ld be ample space inside = a passage beh9d ! hives1 :i* may be rang$ f> en\gh f ! front to be beyond ! rea* ( wet & too mu* sun4 ,at page #di1 is giv5 a description ( a ,hive-range well adapt$ = a position l ?is4 ,! common wood5 bee-h\ses1 z usually con/ruct$1 op5 9 front1 & clos$ altoge!r beh9d1 reta9+ ! sun's heat z an ov51 are objectionable4 ,^! are frequ5tly ! receptacles ( dirt & v]m91 & mo/ inconv5i5t to op]ate 94 ,x w\ld be an improvem5t to make !m deep] backw>ds2 or ) a fall+ front1 mov+ on h+es1 s t ! hives c be recess$ beh9d x1 away f ! influ5ce ( wea!r4 ,at ! back %\ld be fold+ doors1 op5+ f top to bottom1 all[+ a good access to ! hives4 ,= great] conv5i5ce1 x is be/ only to h !m 9 a s+le r[1 ) good head room4 ,b a /ill m desirable plan is to bo>d up ! front ( ! h\se entirely1 mak+ oblong op5+s ?r\gh = a passage to ! bees1 ) an ext]ior alight+ bo>d1 a good deal slant$ d[nw>ds 7! bees pref]r+ ?is to a flat surface74 ,! hives are arrang$ imm$iately beh9d1 ^u a %elf1 ! fur!r ap>t ! bett]1 z ! bees occasionally mi/ake _! own homes1 & fall a sacrifice 9 consequ5ce4 ,?is k9d ( h\se is capable ( receiv+ "s ar*itectural =m2 &1 ) lock$ doors at ! back1 gives bett] security ?an mo/ o!rs aga9/ depr$ation2 = hive-/eal+ is by no means r>e1 9 _m localities4 ,illu/ration ,a sp>e room 9 a dwell+ or an ou?\se may (t5 be fitt$ up to s]ve ! purpose ( an api>y1 ) great conv5i5ce2 b a l[] room is to be pref]r$1 z bees plac$ at a high elevation (t5 fly a long di/ance be=e !y alight :5 sw>m+1 or1 p]haps1 may settle on ! top ( a tree4 ,a %elf c be fix$ along ! wall1 ) p]=at$ passages fac+ ! hives1 lead+ outside4 ,any space !re may be betwe5 ! m\? ( ! hive & ! wall %\ld be fill$ up by means ( a suitably =m$ wood5 block or cov]$ passage1 well holl[$ out on ! und]nea? side2 admitt+ ! bees freely ?r\gh x into _! dwell+1 b exclud+ !m f ! room itself1 & ?us ensur+ safety 9 op]at+4 ,ev5 at a common w9d[1 ,i h sometimes plac$ a /ock-hive on a d\bl+-bo>d2 ! latt] fitt+ )9 ! frame ( ! w9d[1 :i* is rais$1 to admit ( its be+ project$ "u ! l[] edge1 s t ! bees h no admission except to _! domicile4 ,illu/ration ,,position ,,& ,,aspect4 ,z reg>ds position1 x is ( great importance t an api>y %\ld be z free f damp1 or ! dripp+s ( trees1 & z little expos$ to ! direct influ5ce ( ! w9d z possible1 = :i* end a %elt]$ nook on a l[ level is pref]able to an elevat$ "o4 ,a dry gravel1 or well-m[n grass plot1 is (t5 to be pref]r$2 clos$ 9 ) ev]gre5s1 especially ! laurel & lauru/9us1 :i* are mu* resort$ to by ! bees2 b always leav+ an approa* at ! back ( ! hives4 ,let ^! n be plac$ too ne> wat]1 into :i* ! bees are apt to fall or be bl[n2 & x is desirable t !y %\ld be )9 sight ( "s dwell+-h\se1 to prev5t losses 9 sw>m+ "t4 ,! abs5ce f noise & ( bad smells ought to be /udi$2 = no s5se 9 bees is s acute z t ( sc5t4 ,di/urb]s ( any k9d1 z f[ls1 dogs1 pigs1 c41 %\ld be kept at a di/ance4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t :]e bees are v ext5sively kept1 ! api>y is be/ divid$ on ! same premises1 s z n to h ! :ole cr[d$ toge!r2 (t5 inconv5i5t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! season ( sw>m+4 ,no?+ high en\gh to ob/ruct ! direct flight ( ! bees %\ld be all[$ imm$iately 9 front ( ! hives2 b a few l[ plants are r useful z re/+-places2 = bees1 f fatigue1 (t5 fall to ! gr\nd j on rea*+ home1 especially 9 an ev5+1 & numb]s 9 consequ5ce fall a prey to cold1 & v>i\s enemies4 ,_m lives may be sav$ by spread+ out a clo? or mat 9 front ( a hive1 :5 ?is is obs]v$4 ,%rubs or bu%es1 at no great di/ance1 are conv5i5t 9 ! sw>m+ season = ! bees to alight ^u2 & (t5 prev5t a long] flight1 or collect+ on high trees1 c4 ,z reg>ds aspect = bees1 _m & conflict+ h be5 ! recomm5dations relative to x1 influ5c$ by locality & climate4 ,s _m circum/ances h to be tak5 into acc\nt1 t x is difficult to lay d[n any rule ( univ]sal application1 & !y h be5 kn[n to prosp] 9 all positions1 f due s\? to nor?4 ,we "k t x has be5 sometimes advis$ to turn ! hives f ! sun 9 w9t]1 & to scre5 !m f its direct rays 9 summ]3 ?is has l$ to an op9ion t a p]man5t nor? aspect is ! be/2 & (t5 x is s4 ,/ill local consid]ations mu/ h _! weight1 & we are to look to ^! z reg>ds %elt] f cutt+ w9ds2 ! m necess>y :]e no sun rea*es ! front ( ! hives4 ,a nor? aspect ne$ n necess>ily be an expos$ "o 9 w9t]2 nor at o!r times "o :olly un9flu5c$ by ! effects ( ! sun4 ,we h recomm5d$ doors at ! back ( a bee-h\se1 by op5+ :i* at prop] times1 9 ! case ( a nor? frontage1 ! sun's rays h access f beh9d1 ) suffici5tly good effect 9 produc+ a g5ial g5]al w>m?4 ,9 =m+ a decision z to aspect1 we ought to take into acc\nt ! position ( build+s1 trees1 c41 = we h already obs]v$ t ! flight ( ! bees f ! hives %\ld be un9t]rupt$4 ,moreov]1 ! k9d ( h\se mu/ h its weight 9 ! scale2 = :]e ?is is "o clos$ at ! front f ! imm$iate influ5ce ( ! sun1 aspect is ( less importance4 ,dr4 ,bevan plac$ 8 hives ar\nd ! int]ior ( an octagon erection1 )\t p]ceiv+ any s5sible diff]5ce 9 _! well-do+4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be rem>k$ t1 occasionally1 9 a hive expos$ to ! e>lie/ rays ( ! sun1 ! bees h be5 prematurely tempt$ out 9 ! spr+ mon?s1 & fall5 victims to ! effects ( a damp & *illy atmosph]e4 ,:5 once fix$1 d n move y\r bees1 ! mis*ief ( :i* is self-evid5t4 ,i _c en=ce ?is recomm5dation bett] ?an ,gelieu has done4 ,i h se5 p1 says he1 %ift ab\t _! hives v inconsid]ately2 b *ange ( place inv>iably weak5s !m1 z ! bees w return to _! old resid5ce1 ! environs ( :i* are s famili> to !m4 ,a hive %\ld rema9 z fix$ to ! spot z ! anci5t oaks1 9 ! holl[s ( :i* !y delight to e/abli% !mselves2 :]e !y h _! "y1 _! companions1 _! belov$ que51 & all _! treasures4 ,:5 ! "y bees take w+ = ! fir/ "t1 !y d x ) great precaution1 turn+ r\nd & r\nd1 & flutt]+ ab\t ! entrance1 to exam9e ! hive well be=e tak+ flight4 ,!y d ! same 9 return+1 s t !y may be easily di/+ui%$1 conduct+ !mselves ne>ly aft] ! same mann] z ! work]s ( a newly-hiv$ sw>m4 ,:5 !y h made a few excursions1 !y set (f )\t exam9+ ! locality2 & return+ 9 full flight w "k _! own hive 9 ! mid/ ( a hundr$ o!rs4 ,b if y *ange its place y p]plex !m1 mu* ! same z y w\ld be if1 dur+ a %ort abs5ce1 "s "o lift$ y\r h\se & plac$ x a mile (f4 ,! poor bees return load$1 &1 seek+ 9 va9 = _! habitation1 ei!r fall d[n & p]i% ) fatigue1 or ?r[ !mselves into ! neighb\r+ hives1 :]e !y are spe$ily put to dea?4 ,:5 hives are transport$ to a consid]able di/ance1 !re is no fe> t ! bees w return4 ,b ?is inconv5i5ce w\ld be sure to take place if !y 7 remov$ only a few hundr$ paces f ! spot !y h be5 accu/om$ to4 ,! hive may n p]i%1 b x w be greatly weak5$4 ,9 my op9ion1 if ! situation is to be *ang$ at all1 !y %\ld be tak5 at lea/ a mile & a half4 ,?is removal %\ld only be attempt$ 9 w9t] or e>ly spr+1 "u usual circum/ances4 ,x might1 h[ev]1 happ5 t x 0 requir$ to move a hive only a v %ort di/ance1 9 ! summ] "t2 :5 no h>m w\ld arise 7 ! *ange ( location made by daily %ift+ x a few in*es4 ,,bee ,,pa/urage1 ,,& ,,numb] ,,( ,,hives4 ,x is almo/ ne$less to say t on ! nature & ext5t ( ! vegetable productions1 foll[+ 9 succession1 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( an api>y1 mu/ ma9ly dep5d its prosp]ity4 ,aft] e c>e has be5 be/[$ on all po9ts ( h\s+ & managem5t1 x is 9 va9 to expect a l>ge h>ve/ ( honey :]e nature has limit$ ! s\rces ( supply1 or re/rict$ !m to a p>ticul> season ( ! ye>4 ,! mo/ highly-cultivat$ corn di/ricts are r>ely s favorable to bees z ^? 9 :i* wild commons1 woods1 & hea?y moors prevail2 or :]e "s su* f>m products z ,dut* clov]1 trefoil1 sa9tfo91 buck-:eat1 t>es1 mu/>d1 colewort1 turnip & cabbage blossoms1 c41 d n ent] l>gely into ! /aple ( ! c\ntry4 ,! neighb\rhood ( c]ta9 k9ds ( will[s1 & ( hazels1 9 ! op5+ spr+1 is ( great advantage to our little collectors 9 furni%+ f>9a2 z also ! blossoms ( ! furze1 broom1 bramble1 wild ?yme1 c4 ,to ^! we may add ! l>ge e>ly /ores ( honey & f>9a available f _m ( ! products ( our horticultural g>d5s & or*>ds1 z gooseb]ries1 currants1 raspb]ries1 apples1 pe>s1 plums1 & o!r fruits4 ,payne says1 ,i h always f\nd ! advantage ( plant+ 9 ! vic9ity ( my hives a l>ge quantity ( ! common k9ds ( crocus1 s+le blue hepatica1 helleborus nig]1 & tussilago petasites1 all ( :i* fl[] e>ly1 & are ri* 9 honey & f>9a4 ,salvia memorosa 7( ,sir ,james ,smi?71 :i* fl[]s v e>ly 9 ,june1 & la/s all ! summ]1 is 9 an extraord9>y mann] s\ght aft] by ! bees2 &1 :5 room is n an object1 tw5ty or ?irty squ>e y>ds ( x may be gr[n ) advantage4 ,origanum humile1 & origanum rubesc5s 7( ,hawor?71 & mignonette may also be gr[n4 ,cuscuta s95sis is a great favorite ) !m2 & ! pretty little plant anacamps]os populifolium1 :5 9 fl[]1 is lit]ally cov]$ by !m4 ,g>d5 cultivation1 beyond ?is1 exclusively = bees1 ,i believe answ]s v little purpose4 ,x w foll[ z a matt] ( c\rse f :at we h said1 t ! size ( an api>y 9 any di/rict mu/ be ma9ly det]m9$ by circum/ances4 ,9 "s seasons1 s prolific a h>ve/ ( blossoms & honey comes all at once1 t a l>ge numb] ( hives may abundantly be fill$ toge!r4 ,! locality mu/ be ! *ief guide2 & ,i h kn[n in/ances :]e few] /ocks w\ld h yield$ a mu* bett] return2 = "o ri* colony is wor? m ?an two or ?ree half-/>v$ ones4 ,! di/ance to :i* bees w resort dur+ ! honey h>ve/ has be5 ! subject ( controv]sy2 "s limit+ _! flight to "o mile1 & o!rs ext5d+ x to ?ree or f\r4 ,:5 press$ = /ores1 !y w d\btless fly a long di/ance1 direct$ probably by _! v acute s5se ( smell2 b ,i am incl9$ to believe1 ) ,dr4 ,dunb>1 t ! ord9>y range ( _! excursions is compris$ )9 ! radius ( a comp>atively small circle4 ,illu/ration ,,summ] ,,managem5t4 ,! "q has (t5 be5 put to me1 ,h[ & at :at "t c an api>y be be/ comm5c$8 ,"s rem>ks 9 ref]5ce to ?is subject w be f\nd "u ! heads bo? ( ,autumnal & ,spr+ ,managem5t4 ,at pres5t ! read] is suppos$ to h be5 put 9 possession ( a prime sw>m1 9 ! season1 :i* is ! be/ me?od ( /ock+ a new hive ( :atev] k9d1 & ! e>li] ! bett]4,o ,on ?is head we may ) advantage quote ! words ( ,mr4 ,gold+4 ,not)/&+1 says he1 all t has be5 said ab\t t5ant+ hives by ! removal ( ! bees ( o!r hives into !m1 !re is no plan s safe or c]ta9 z peopl+ !m by good e>ly sw>ms4 ,:5 ^! are br\ght f a di/ance1 x %\ld be on ! day 9 :i* !y are hiv$1 & 9 a clo? ( co>se texture1 :i* %\ld be ti$ r\nd ne> ! bottom ( ! hive1 s z to prev5t ! escape ( ! bees4 ,tie up ! clo? by its corn]s ov] ! top ( ! hive2 &1 if c>ri$ by ! h&1 or prop]ly susp5d$1 a sw>m may be remov$ 9 ?is mann] = miles4 ,o ,all c>eful bee proprietors w take ! precaution to record ! weight ( ! empty hive1 & ( its floor-bo>d1 be=e /ock+ x2 a matt] ( subsequ5t importance 9 asc]ta9+ ! cont5ts4 ,a j\rnal1 also1 record+ dates1 & ! v>i\s op]ations ( ! hive1 z !y arise1 w be useful 9 _m ways4 ,all exp]i5c$ apiculturi/s "k t no colony ( bees ?rives1 or works s well1 z "o t is popul\s at ! outset4 ,%\ld any d\bt exi/ on ?is po9t1 x is (t5 exp$i5t to unite a second small] sw>m to ! fir/1 b ?is c only be attempt$ )9 a few days1 be=e _m combs are made1 or mis*ief w\ld result4 ,our recomm5dation applies ) great] =ce 9 a late season1 or to ! case ( second sw>ms1 :i* are r>ely /rong en\gh1 sep>ately1 to collect suffici5t w9t] /ores4 ,( ! mode ( proce$+ 9 effect+ ^! junctions we %all h]eaft] speak1 :5 treat+ ( ,unit+ ,sw>ms1 "u ! section ,spr+ ,managem5t4 ,! plan orig9ally propos$ 9 ! ,bee-keep]'s ,manual supposes1 z has be=e be5 intimat$1 an arrangem5t embrac+ directions = ! managem5t ( an api>y1 accord+ to ! ord] ( ! seasons4 ,our legitimate comm5cem5t1 !re=e1 mu/ practically date f ! sep>ate exi/5ce ( ! rec5tly e/abli%$ colony2 notic+1 z we proce$1 ! v>i\s sub/ances /or$ or us$ 9 a hive1 & collect$ m or less abundantly1 accord+ to circum/ances & season4 ,%\ld ! wea!r n[ be f9e1 op]ations are comm5c$ ) a/oni%+ activity1 ! bees be+ at fir/ solely int5t on prep>+ _! new dwell+ = its int5d$ objects--! re>+ ( "y1 & /or+ supplies = ! future requirem5ts ( ! family4 ,if1 h[ev]1 circum/ances are su* z to prev5t !m f quitt+ ! hive = sev]al successive days foll[+ sw>m+1 & be=e provision is accumulat$1 rec\rse to fe$+ becomes exp$i5t1 or />vation might ensue4 ,"u any circum/ances1 "s apiculturi/s h advis$ giv+ honey1 or a syrup ( sug>1 to a newly-hiv$ colony4 ,x is well kn[n t1 on leav+ ! p>5t /ock1 ! bees c>ry ) !m a good deal ( honey4 ,!re is little d\bt t ! ma9 object 9 ?is provid5t proce$+ is to enable !m at once to comm5ce ! "w ( build+3 ?is !y d almo/ z soon z !y are hiv$1 a piece ( comb be+ frequ5tly made on ! same day1 :i* is z quickly appropriat$1 ei!r z a receptacle ( honey or ( eggs1 if ! ,que5 is already f]tile4 ,:]e a "y ,que5 has accompani$ ! sw>m1 su* is n always ! case1 & ?is occasions a delay 9 lay+ ( sev]al days4 ,! entrance ( ! hive %\ld n[ 7& at all times :5 ! bees are at full "w7 be op5$ to its :ole ext5t4,p ,p ,to ! spectator ! view ( a rec5t sw>m is animat$ 9 ! extreme1 & probably sugge/$ ! ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,bees4 ,we wat* = ! light ( ! morn to break1 ,& col\r ! gray ea/]n sky ,) its bl5d$ hues ( saffron & lake2 ,!n say to ea* o!r1 ,awake1 awake6 ,= our w9t]'s honey is all to make1 ,& our bread = a long supply4 ,!n (f we hie to ! hill & ! dell1 ,to ! field1 ! wild-wood & b[]2 ,9 ! columb9e's horn we love to dwell1 ,to dip 9 ! lily1 ) sn[-:ite bell1 ,to se>* ! balm 9 its odor\s cell1 ,! ?yme & ! rosem>y fl[]4 ,we seek = ! bloom ( ! eglant9e1 ,! lime1 po9t$ ?i/le1 & bri]2 ,& foll[ ! c\rse ( ! w&]+ v9e1 ,:e!r x trail on ! e>? sup9e1 ,or r\nd ! aspir+ tree-top tw9e1 ,& rea* = a /age /ill high]4 ,z ea* = ! good ( ! :ole is b5t1 ,& /ores up its treasure = all1 ,we hope = an ev5+ ) he>ts cont5t1 ,= ! w9t] ( life1 )\t lam5t ,t summ] is gone1 ) its h\rs missp5t1 ,& ! h>ve/ is pa/ recall6 ,wax & ,combs4--,! mat]ial ( :i* ! combs are s curi\sly =m$ is wax1 secret$ by ! bees !mselves1 & n any sub/ance directly convey$ into ! hive1 z is g5]ally1 b errone\sly1 suppos$4 ,its compon5t p>ts are c>bon1 oxyg51 & hydrog54 ,to enable !m to =m ?is secretion1 ! work]s mu/ h access to honey or "s o!r sac*>9e matt]2 & ?is is ! fir/ ?+ s\ght by a new colony4 ,! quantity requir$ is v great1 x be+ e/imat$ t ?irte5 to tw5ty p\nds are necess>y to make "o p\nd ( wax4 ,! common op9ion is1 t ! sub/ance (t5 se5 adh]+ s abundantly to ! legs ( bees is wax1 & z su* is ! basis ( ! combs4 ,has x nev] appe>$ /range to ! obs]v] ( a new sw>m1 t at ! "t :5 comb-build+ is proce$+ m rapidly ?an at any o!r p]iod1 ! bees are load$ ) b little ( ?is sub/ance8 ,on ! o!r h&1 is x n equally cle>1 t 9 ! e>ly spr+1 :5 few or no combs are con/ruct$1 !y c>ry x into ! hive ) ! utmo/ avidity8 ,to see ! wax-pockets 9 ! hive-bee1 obs]ves ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 y mu/ press ! abdom51 s z to cause its di/5sion2 y w !n f9d on ea* ( ! f\r int]m$iate v5tral segm5ts1 sep>at$ by ! c>9a or elevat$ c5tral "p1 two trapezi=m :iti% pockets1 ( a s(t membranace\s texture2 on ^! ! lam9 ( wax are =m$1 9 diff]5t /ates1 m or less p]ceptible4 ,:5ev] combs are want$1 says ,dr4 ,bevan1 bees fill _! crops ) honey1 &1 reta9+ x 9 !m1 hang toge!r 9 a clu/] f ! top ( ! hive1 & rema9 app>5tly 9 a /ate ( pr(\nd inactivity ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 ! wax is secret$1 & may be se5 9 lam91 "u ! abdom9al scales1 :5ce x is remov$ by ! h9d legs ( ! bee1 & transf]r$ to ! =e legs2 f !m x is tak5 by ! jaws1 & aft] be+ ma/icat$1 ! fabrication ( comb comm5ces4 ,an extraord9>y degree ( heat always accompanies comb-build+1 suppli$ no d\bt by ! l>ge quantity ( oxyg5 at t "t g5]at$4 ,9 ! height ( ! honey season1 ,dr4 ,dunb> obs]ves1 9 "o day ! bees w con/ruct no few] ?an #djjj cells4 ,! :ole /ructure is s delicately ?91 t ?ree or f\r ( _! sides1 plac$ ^u "o ano!r1 h no m ?ickness ?an a leaf ( common pap]4 ,! be/ au?orities h e/imat$ t ab\t half a p\nd ( wax is yield$ to fifte5 p\nds ( honey4 ,! =m & numb] ( ! combs 9 a hive v>y consid]ably1 ! bees adapt+ !m accord+ to ! %ape ( _! domicile1 s z to fit & fill 9 e "p1 & (t5 v irregul>ly4 ,at fir/ !y are beautifully :ite1 b soon1 f ! heat ( ! hive1 become t+$1 & f9ally turn ne>ly black4 ,! work]-bre$+ cells are made ! fir/3 !y are inv>iably hexagonal 9 =m1 & ( "o uni=m size & dep?2 b ^? int5d$ only = ! /or+ ( honey are (t5 some:at l>g] & elongat$2 sometimes m s on "o side ?an ! o!r4 ,a small dip or incl9ation upw>ds is giv5 to ! cells1 ! bett] to prev5t ! honey f runn+ out1 assi/$1 moreov]1 by a small b> or ?ick5$ bord] ( wax1 at ! entrances4 ,! cells 9 :i* ! drones are br$ are l>g] 9 diamet] ?an ! common ones1 & !y are g5]ally plac$ ne>] ! outside ( ! hive1 ?\gh occasionally jo9$ on to ! o!rs4 ,:5 ?is takes place1 our little ar*itects h ! sagacity to int]pose two or ?ree r[s ( cells ( an int]m$iate size1 gradually enl>g$ to ! prop] dim5sions4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 ev]y?+ else1 ! bees adapt _! op]ations accord+ to circum/ances2 con/ruct+ _! combs1 ei!r by susp5d+ !m f ! top ( _! dwell+1 or occasionally by work+ !m f ! bottom1 upw>ds4 ,propolis4--,to atta* ! combs firmly 9 _! place1 ! bees employ a pliable sub/ance ( balsamic od\r1 call$ propolis1 a glut9\s exudation f c]ta9 trees1 or _! buds1 ( a grayi% col\r1 :i* !y collect imm$iately on sw>m+1 bl5d+ ) x a portion ( wax4 ,) ?is mat]ial !y v>ni% ! lids ( ! clos$ honey-cells1 glue up all crevices 9 ! hive1 & cem5t x d[n to ! floor4 ,honey4--,we h se5 t ! fir/ want ( ! sw>m is honey1 = ! purpose ( comb-build+4 ,?is valuable article ! bees collect1 by means ( _! proboscis1 f ! nect>ies ( c]ta9 fl[]s1 f :5ce x d]ives a high] or less degree ( flav\r1 toge!r ) its col\r+ matt]2 sometimes ne>ly transp>5t1 to v>i\s %ades ( br[n4 ,!y receive x into _! fir/ /oma* or honey-bag1 ! great] portion be+ subsequ5tly regurgitat$ into ! cells1 employ+ = ! purpose ^? ( bo? work]s & drones4 ,z ^! become sev]ally fill$1 !y are coat$ ov] or seal$ ) a ?9 cov]+ ( wax4 ,! honey-cells1 :5 ?us clos$1 are di/+ui%able f ^? conta9+ brood1 by be+ :it] 9 appe>ance1 & (t5 slightly concave4 ,! brood-cells are m col\r$1 besides be+ a little convex4 ,9 "s seasons honey is abundantly collect$ :5 9 ! /ate ( :at is t]m$ honey-dew1 a visc\s sub/ance f\nd adh]+ to ! leaves ( p>ticul> trees1 especially ! oak4 ,?is only occurs 9 c]ta9 ye>s1 = 9 o!rs x is f\nd v sp>+ly1 or n at all4 ,poll51 or ,f>9a4--,! hive w be rapidly fill$ ) combs1 & progressively ) an increas$ population1 = ! eggs1 z we h se5 9 page #ac1 are matur$ 9 ?ree weeks4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! bees w h comm5c$ a new lab\r--t ( collect+ poll5 or f>9a4 ,?is is ! an!r-du/ ( ! /am9a ( fl[]s1 v>y+ 9 col\r accord+ to ! s\rce f :5ce x is d]iv$2 & x may be rem>k$ t ! bees 9 _! collection nev] mix toge!r ! poll5 ( diff]5t plants1 b 9 ea* excursion visit only "o species ( fl[]4 ,by a peculi> adaptation1 !y are enabl$ to bru% ?is (f1 & pack x into ! spoon-l cavities 7or baskets z !y h be5 t]m$71 furni%$ = ?is object1 on ! c5tre jo9t ( _! h9d legs2 be+ (t51 z has be5 already po9t$ out1 mi/ak5 = wax4 ,! p[d] or meal ?us convey$ into ! hive is by o!r bees aft]w>ds knead$ up into pa/e1 & /or$ = use 9 ! work] cells1 adjo9+ ^? conta9+ brood4 ,to pres]ve x f ! air1 a small portion ( honey is put on ! top ( ea* cell1 coat$ ov] ) wax4 ,?us prep>$1 x is a v heavy sub/ance2 & ?is (t5 leads to a false e/imate ( ! value ( a hive2 = ! annual collection ( poll5 has be5 v>i\sly e/imat$ at ?irty to "o hundr$ p\nds 9 a s+le family4 ,naturali/s are1 ,i believe1 pretty well agre$ t ! /ore ( poll5 or f>9a is us$ 7) a mixture ( honey & wat]7 *iefly = fe$+ ! l>v2 ?\gh a portion ( su* comp\nd may =m1 occasionally1 ! su/5ance ( ! bees !mselves4 ,inde$1 x has be5 ass]t$ t poll5 is (t5 f\nd 9 ! /oma* ( bees engag$ 9 ! fabrication ( wax4 ,wat]4--,at c]ta9 dry p]iods1 b always 9 ! bre$+ "t1 bees require a supply ( wat]1 :i* is necess>y 9 prep>+ ! f>9a & honey = ! brood1 z well z to enable !m to secrete wax4 ,if no pond or brook is )9 a reasonable di/ance1 a %all[ vessel w d1 fill$ frequ5tly to ! brim1 hav+ a piece ( ?9 p]=at$ wood float+ on x & cov]+ ! :ole surface2 or x may be fill$ ) moss or pebbles1 p\r+ 9 wat] to ! top1 & plac+ x ne> ! api>y4 ,precaution is necess>y1 = ! bees easily slip into ! wat] & are dr[n$4 ,s ess5tial is wat]1 t x has be5 recomm5d$ to place a supply1 e>ly 9 ! ye>1 )9 ! hive4 ,%ade4--,x has already be5 obs]v$ t out-door hives ought n to be left expos$ to ! mid-day & aft]noon sun 9 sultry wea!r2 ! heat n only r5d]+ ! bees extremely irascible1 b subject+ ! combs to melt+1 & especially 9 wood5 boxes1 ) mo/ disa/r\s consequ5ces4 ,9 all su* cases x is well1 !re=e1 to give ! com=t ( a mat1 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 ?r[n ov] !m4 ,9 ! words ( ,gelieu1 !y delight be/ 9 ?ick =e/s1 because !y !re f9d a uni=m temp]ature & a propiti\s %ade4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t bees expos$ to ! sun produce ! e>lie/ & /ronge/ sw>ms3 ,i h (t5 exp]i5c$ ! rev]se4 ,bees l ! %ade :5 work+1 & ! sun only :5 9 ! fields4 ,mo?s1 ,wasps1 ,hornets1 & o!r ,enemies4--,9 ! w>m summ] ev5+s1 bees are (t5 mu* annoy$ by ! attempt$ inroads ( mo?s1 p>ticul>ly ! small ,wax ,mo? 7,t9ea ,mellonella71 ( a :iti% gray col\r4 ,^! are sometimes =midable foes1 & _! appe>ance at dusk on ! alight+-bo>d is ! signal = a commotion4 ,x is difficult to eject !m if !y obta9 a foot+ 9 a hive1 :]e !y w deposit _! eggs1 sp9n+ _! silk5 webs1 & !y n[ & !n increase s z to cause its entire de/ruction4 ,:5 ^! v]m9 h e/abli%$ !mselves1 !re is no rem$y b driv+ ! bees into ano!r hive4 ,to prev5t ! +ress ( ^! tr\blesome invad]s1 x is sometimes desirable = an h\r or two 9 an ev5+ to close ! entrance1 by plac+ be=e x a scre5 ( gauze1 wire-grat+1 or p]=at$ z9c1 to be remov$ at d>k4,q ,q ,a difficulty sometimes occurs :5 x is necess>y to conf9e bees1 or drive !m into ! hive1 z ! alight+-bo>d is (t5 cov]$ ) !m 9 an ev5+1 & ! numb]s are increas$ on ! lea/ al>m4 ,9 ?is case take a small wat]+-pot1 & g5tly spr9kle ! bo>d & entrance1 :5 ! bees1 mi/ak+ ?is = ra91 w retire )9side4 ,p\ltry1 & "s k9ds ( birds1 are de/roy]s ( bees2 & _m1 t f weakness or o!r causes fall to ! gr\nd1 become a sacrifice to !m4 ,9 p>ticul>1 t little m>aud]1 ! ,blue ,tomtit or ,titm\se 7,p>us major ( ,l9nu71 mu/ n be tol]at$4 ,9 summ] he w dev\r bees1 & fe$ 8 "y ) !m2 & 9 w9t] he w ev5 try to =ce an entrance into ! hive4,r ,rats & mice mu/ also be gu>d$ aga9/1 z well z slugs & snails4 ,r ,9 "s p>ts ^! birds are v num]\s2 & poison has be5 f\nd efficaci\s1 plac$ at ! hive m\?1 9 little balls ( l>d1 oatmeal1 & nux vomica1 mix$ toge!r4 ,! ne/s ( wasps ought to be de/roy$3 f _! sup]iority 9 /r5g? & activity1 !y are v annoy+1 & (t5 de/ructive1 to bees t[>ds ! end ( summ]2 & ! nuisance mu/ =?) be met by contract+ ! entrance to ! hive1 :5 ! passage is m readily def5d$4,s ,9 ?is place x may be well to draw att5tion to a v simple mode ( deal+ ) wasps attack+ a hive4 ,we %all h occasion h]eaft] to notice ! fondness ( bees = b>ley-sug>3 let a piece ( ?is be laid across1 or j )91 ! entrance ( ! hive1 s z greatly to n>r[ x4 ,?is is s attractive to ! bees1 t !y mu/] at ! door 9 great] =ce ?an ! wasps dur/ v5ture to assail4 ,z fa/ z ! =tification is dev\r$1 x ought to be r5ew$1 & ! out-g5]all$ enemy w retire f a hopeless conte/4 ,s ,among/ well-in=m$ apiculturi/s an apology might seem to be necess>y 9 ref]r+ to s bigot$ an au?or z ,hui%2 b ,hub]'s obs]vations on "s ( ! habits ( bees h frequ5tly be5 ! subject ( 8 ignorant ridicule2 & p>ticul>ly :]e he says t !y occasionally erect b>ricades1 = great] security4 ,mr4 ,gold+ has giv5 a confirmation ( ,hub]'s ass]tion4 ,he says1 ,at ! end ( summ]1 a k9d ( curta91 app>5tly a comp\nd ( wax & propolis1 & ab\t a sixte5? ( an in* ?ick1 0 erect$ be=e ! entrance ( "o ( my hives2 ab\t two in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 & half an in* 9 height1 ) ! exception ( a small ap]ture at ea* end4 ,dr4 ,bevan1 9 ! ',honey-,bee1' exhibits a draw+ ( ?is piece ( =tification4 ,my own exp]i5ce is p]fectly conclusive1 z ! foll[+ extract f my j\rnal w %[3--,july #ca1 #ahdb4 ,wea!r f9e4 ,remov$ a box ( honey f a collat]al hive4 ,! wasps _h be5 tr\blesome = "s days1 & z ! entrance to ! c5tre box 0 left fully op51 ! bees _h contract$ x = bett] def5ce4 ,a ?9 wall ( :at appe>$ to be propolis 0 atta*$ f ! upp] edge ( ! doorway1 ext5d+ along its c5tre1 & clos+ all up b a space ( ab\t ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* at ea* end4 ,i nev] witness$ a m conv9c+ pro( ( ! sagacity ( ! bees ?an ?is beautiful proce$+4 ,s runs my j\rnal2 to :i* ,i may add1 t ! entrance to ! box1 s contract$1 0 five in*es 9 l5g?1 & ?ree eigh?s ( an in* high2 or d\ble t ( ,mr4 ,gold+'s4 ,f ! h9t ?us d]iv$ f ! bees !mselves1 ,i con/ruct$ ! moveable blocks or m\?-pieces describ$ & %[n at page #dd4 ,insects ( all k9ds1 z e>wigs1 spid]s1 wood-lice1 c41 %\ld be cle>$ away f ! hives & /&s1 & ants' ne/s de/roy$4 ,cobwebs mu/ n be p]mitt$ to rema91 or num]\s dea?s w\ld ensue to ! bees f entanglem5t 9 !m4 ,9 %ort1 we may sum up by a g5]al recomm5dation ( cleanl9ess1 9 e way1 & ! removal ( :atev] s]ves z a h>b\r to dirt & v]m94 ,sup]-hiv+4--,%\ld ! wea!r cont9ue favorable = honey-ga!r+1 ! colony mu/ be inspect$ 9 ab\t ?ree weeks f ! "t ( hiv+4 ,inde$ 9 sultry wea!r1 & :]e ! sw>m is a l>ge "o1 x is (t5 politic to place a glass or small sup] ^u x v soon1 z a v5tilator1 to mod]ate ! temp]ature1 & prev5t ! clu/]+ ( ! bees at ! m\? ( ! hive4 ,if ! combs are work$ pretty ne>ly d[n to ! floor1 & ! cells 9 a good measure fill$1 no "t %\ld be lo/ 9 supply+ additional work+-room2 m especially if symptoms ( cr[d+ are app>5t1 = by ?is "t "y bees are com+ =?4 ,we may "h obs]ve t _m exp]i5c$ bee-keep]s object to sup]+ 9 ! case ( a new colony1 pref]r+ to give ! requisite room at ! bottom1 by means ( a ,nadir2 :i*1 z ! bees c>ry _! /ores upw>ds1 (t5 ensures abundance 9 ! /ock-hive1 ! nadir be+ remov$ 9 ! autumn4 ,"u ! head ,depriv+ ,sy/em1 are "s rem>ks z to ! mode ( us+ nadirs2 z also "u t ( ,nadir ,hive1 & ,nadir+ ,/ocks4 ,illu/ration ,bell-glasses4--,z ^! are commonly =m$1 no?+ c be m objectionable3 inconv5i5tly high & n>r[1 a few mis%ap5 combs are all t c be pack$ into ! space2 & ^! are aft]w>ds only to be extract$ by a g5]al ma%4 ,! same rem>k applies to all sup]s1 ( any mat]ial1 :]e bread? ( surface en\gh is n af=d$ = a l>ge numb] ( bees to clu/] & lab\r at "o "t4 ,c x be a matt] ( wond]1 t a *imney-=m$ vessel %\ld be twice z long 9 be+ fill$ 7suppos+ t ! bees d n =sake x7 z a broad "o1 9 :i* a g5ial w>m? is conc5trat$1 & :]e sev]al combs c be 9 progress simultane\sly8 ,a rev]sal ( ! usual proportions1 bo? 9 /raw & glass sup]s1 is !re=e to be recomm5d$4 ,! latt] may advantage\sly be f n9e to elev5 in*es across2 ! dep? be+ ab\t half ! diamet]3 /raight at ! sides1 & flat on ! top4 ,a piece or two ( guide-comb1 slightly melt$1 & fix$ by its edge to ! top ( ! glass1 previ\sly made w>m1 w s]ve z an attraction2 or 9 a l>ge glass1 f\r or eight pieces1 radiat+ f ! c5tre uni=mly1 w direct ! bees 9 work+ ) a regul> design1 produc+ a pleas+ effect4 ,a useful adjunct to a glass is a small circul> tube ( p]=at$ z9c1 hav+ a rim r\nd its upp] end1 by :i* x is held susp5d$ )9 a small hole on ! top4 ,x %\ld be long en\gh to rea* ne>ly d[n to ! level ( ! floor4 ,to ! tube1 :5 a little w>m$1 a n>r[ piece ( guide-comb w adh]e1 & act z an attraction to ! bees3 x w be fur!r useful z a c5tral support to ! load$ combs4 ,:atev] may be said z to ! pleas+ appe>ance ( glass sup]s1 x is d\btful :e!r 9 po9t ( utility & economy !y c compete ) ^? ( /raw1 made z direct$ "u ! head ( ,/raw ,depriv+ ,hives1 & :i* c readily be pack$ & s5t to a di/ance1 if ne$$3 or %all[ sup]s1 z wide z ! /ock-hive admits1 may be *eaply made by means ( a wood hoop1 ?ree or f\r in*es deep1 on :i* is fix$ a ?9 top1 by two or ?ree small screws4 ,^! are readily )drawn1 :5 ! top c be lift$ up ) ! combs susp5d$4 ,"u ! head ,circul> ,wood5 ,hives are "s rem>ks on ! subject ( wood sup]s4 ,9 ! use ( ,glasses x is always well at fir/ to prev5t ! escape ( w>m?1 especially at night1 till ! bees are well e/abli%$ 9 _! new "w-room2 & ! admission ( light is be/ avoid$4 ,a little v5tilation aft]w>ds1 9 sultry wea!r1 is desirable2 :i* may be giv5 by slightly w$g+ up ! l[] edge ( ! sup]4 ,if a d\ble adapt] is 9 use1 x is easy to ins]t a slip or two ( t9 or z9c betwe5 ! two bo>ds1 s z to keep !m a little sep>at$1 = ! passage ( air1 :5 x seems necess>y4 ,sometimes x is ev5 advisable to introduce betwe5 ! /ock & ! sup] a v %all[ box1 z a mod]ator ( ! temp]ature4 ,i h f\nd1 by exp]im5t ) ! !rmomet]1 t at a temp]ature betwe5 #ie & #ajj1 ! combs w s(t5 s mu* z to be 9 dang] ( collaps+4 ,triplets & ,nadirs4--,9 good seasons & localities1 ! fir/ sup] is sometimes fill$ 9 "t to admit ( ! introduction ( ano!r 7or triplet71 on an adapt]1 obs]v+ ! rules laid d[n at page #cb4 ,b ev5 :]e ! fir/ sup] is completely fill$1 x is (t5 politic n to remove x = a few days1 z its attraction induces ! bees to occupy ! triplet4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if f any cause a sup] has be5 left only p>tially fill$ ^u "o hive1 x may be remov$ 7! bees be+ fir/ eject$71 & plac$ ^u "s o!r = completion4 ,in/ead ( a sep>ate triplet1 an addition may (t5 be made to ! fir/ sup]1 especially if ( /raw1 by plac+ b5ea? x an eke1 consi/+ m]ely ( two or ?ree b&s ( ! same mat]ial2 9 fact a hoop4 ,?is w save ! bees ! lab\r ( lay+ ! f\ndations ( fre% combs1 z !y h b to cont9ue ! old ones d[nw>ds4 ,we may "h call att5tion to :at has be5 said at page #fb1 respect+ ! use ( box1 ,no4 #c1 ( ! b>-hive1 & ( ,nadir+4 ,aft] ! ma9 honey season is ov]1 :i* is usually z soon z ! dry ,july wea!r sets 91 x is useless1 9 mo/ localities1 to give any fur!r ext5sion ( work+ room2 &1 inde$1 f ! end ( ?is mon? !re is1 "u common circum/ances1 (t5 r a dim9ution ?an an increase ( /ore4 ,9 proportion to ! weal? ( ! colony is ! det]m9ation ( ! bees to def5d x2 & _! irascibility & vigilance are n[ great] ?an h]et(ore1 ! /ronge/ /ocks %[+ x ! mo/4 ,! "w ( ! ye> be+ pretty well ov]1 all _! att5tion is turn$ t[>ds home4 ,!y become m & m suspici\s1 & ! less !y are approa*$ or annoy$ ! bett]2 = !y are sl[ to =get or =give an injury4 ,,autumnal ,,managem5t4 ,mu* ( :at has be5 said 9 ! prec$+ section is equally applicable 9 practice to ! lat] p]iods ( ! summ]4 ,! mon? ( ,augu/ is usually associat$ ) ! collection ( h>ve/4 ,?\gh ?is may (t5 hold good z reg>ds honey1 yet ! /orifi$ or d\bl$ /ocks ( ! spr+ are commonly ready = deprivation at an e>li] p]iod1 occasionally 9 ,may1 & s on ?r\gh\t ,july2 ! spr+-ga!r$ honey be+ usually to be pref]r$ 9 po9t ( quality4 ,i "k ( no bett] rule z to ! fitness ( a sup]1 or side hive1 = removal1 ?an an obs]vation ( ! /ate ( ! combs & cells1 :i* ought to be completely fill$ & seal$ ov]1 to prev5t a loss ( honey by runn+ out4 ,9 ?is /age ! soon] x is appropriat$ ! bett]1 z a long] cont9uance only leads to discoloration4 ,z respects a colony ( ! same ye>1 ,dr4 ,bevan rem>ks1 z a g5]al rule1 no honey %\ld be tak5 f a colony ! fir/ season ( its be+ plant$1 ?\gh !re may be an extraord9>y season n[ & !n1 :i* may ju/ify a dep>ture f ?is rule3 ! produce 9 su* a case is usually d5om9at$ virg9 honey1 ?\gh t t]m is (t5 appli$ indiscrim9ately to any 9 combs free f brood4 ,b 9 any ev5t ! /ock-hive %\ld be previ\sly exam9$1 = !re is a disposition 9 bees to c>ry _! /ores into a sup]1 ?\gh aft]w>ds !y sometimes remove x into ! /ock-hive4 ,9 cases :]e d\bt exi/s z to a suffici5cy ( w9t] /ore1 x is (t5 well to all[ !m to d ?is2 recollect+ ! fur!r advice ( ,dr4 ,bevan1 t1 x %\ld be an inv>iable rule nev] to remove an upp] box or hive till an "u "o be q full2 nor to dim9i% ! weight ( a /ock-box bel[ sev5te5 or eighte5 p\nds1 exclusive ( ! box itself4 ,to remove a full ,box or ,sup]4--,! middle ( a sunny day may be recomm5d$ z ! be/ "t to take away = deprivation a box or glass ( honey4 ,! mode usually adopt$ is at once to remove x f its position to a di/ance f ! /ock-hive1 & !re get rid ( ! bees4 ,i h (t5 f\nd x well to rev]se ?is proce$+4 ,:e!r ! box to be tak5 is a collat]al or /orifi$ "o1 let ! communication f ! p>5t hive be previ\sly cut (f1 & )\t any j>r+4 ,entire quietness is ! ma9 requisite4 ,g5tly lift up ! sup] on "o side1 ins]t+ "u x a small w$ge or two1 s z j to all[ an exit = ! bees4 ,! position ( ! que5 bee w soon become app>5t4 ,if %e is n 9 ! sup] 7& %e seldom is !re aft] x is fill$71 ! sil5ce t at fir/ prevail$ w be ex*ang$ = a murmur+ hum1 att5d$ by a commotion among ! bees2 & !y %ortly aft] beg9 to quit ! sup]1 )\t attempt+ any attack4 ,%\ld ! que5 be pres5t1 h[ev]1 a v diff]5t sc5e w\ld ensue1 & a hubbub w\ld !n comm5ce 9 ! /ock-hive2 ?\gh ! loss ( _! que5 is sometimes n discov]$ by ! bees = a consid]able "t4 ,9 su* a case1 ! box mu/ be re9/at$ 9 its =m] position1 & ! communication reop5$ till "s o!r day4 ,! process might happ5 to be complicat$ by ! pres5ce ( brood1 = ?is ! bees leave v reluctantly1 & (t5 n at all4 ,9 an em]g5cy ( ?is k9d1 x is be/ to re/ore matt]s to _! previ\s /ate1 & let ! sup] rema9 till ! brood is p]fect$4 ,a little pati5ce is sometimes necess>y3 b all attempts at ejection ( ! bees by tapp+1 smok+1 or driv+ usually d m h>m ?an good4 ,s long z !y cont9ue to leave ! sup]1 x may rema9 :]e x is1 = on ^! occasions "y bees are sometimes num]\s2 & if ! sup] is remov$1 ?\gh only to a %ort di/ance1 ^! are 9 "p lo/1 n hav+ become suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! position ( _! home2 or1 if !y ent] a wrong hive1 !y pay ! p5alty ) _! lives4 ,?is fre$om f di/urbance has ! fur!r good effect ( prev5t+ 9 a great degree ! intrusion ( robb] bees1 readily di/+ui%able f ! o!rs by _! hov]+ ab\t ! box1 in/ead ( fly+ f x4 ,^! are /rang]s f v>i\s qu>t]s1 imm$iately attract$ by ! sc5t att5d+ ! removal ( a full box or glass4 ,%\ld a few ( ^! plund]]s once obta9 a ta/e or sample ( ! honey1 !y spe$ily convey ! good news to _! associates1 :5 l>ge re9=cem5ts f e hive 9 ! neighb\rhood w be at once on ! al]t1 & quickly leave no?+ beh9d b empty combs4 ,let ! sep>at$ sup]1 !re=e1 n be left or lo/ sight (1 b if sc5t$ out by robb]s1 be convey$ into "s room or out-build+ to prev5t a g5]al battle2 & :i* might ext5d itself to all ! neighb\r+ hives4 ,! rema9+ bees may "h be bru%$ out1 escap+ by ! w9d[ or door4 ,mr4 ,gold+ has sometimes f\nd ! advantage ( us+ = ! purpose a d>k5$ room1 ) ! exception ( a v small ap]ture1 to :i* ! bees w fly & make _! exit4 ,o!rs l to remove a sup] at once to a %ort di/ance f ! /ock-hive1 leav+ x %ut up 9 p]fect d>kness1 = an h\r or two4 ,its edge is !n rais$ up1 :5 ! bees w evacuate x4 ,9 ! case ( a b>-hive sup]1 aft] mo/ ( ! bees h left x1 x c be plac$ across a c\ple ( rails or /icks1 :5 ! top cov] may be unscrew$ & deta*$4 ,x is !n readily cle>$ ( bees by bru%+ !m d[nw>ds betwe5 ! b>s1 ) a fea!r or a twig4 ,! same g5]al directions apply :5 a full glass is to be remov$4 ,if x /&s on a d\ble adapt]1 a piece ( t9 or z9c c be ins]t$ betwe5 !m1 & ! upp] "p !n lift$ ) ! glass4 ,payne1 h[ev]1 says1 ,i h f\nd ! process mu* simplifi$ by plac+ an empty box betwe5 ! glass & ! p>5t hive1 & leav+ x a few h\rs4 ,! bees by t "t h quitt$ ! glass1 & by ?is plan robb+ is entirely prev5t$1 :il/ ! bees are less irritat$4 ,x might occasionally happ5 t a piece ( comb _h be5 work$ upw>ds1 s z to be connect$ ) ! und]nea? hive1 & ?us caus+ a difficulty on attempt+ a sep>ation4 ,!re is no bett] way ( meet+ su* an em]g5cy ?an by pass+ a bit ( f9e wire b5ea? ! l[] edge ( ! sup]1 f side to side1 & ?us cutt+ ?r\gh ! ob/ruction4 ,x may be well to obs]ve t on removal1 ! box or glass ought to be kept 9 its orig9al position1 to prev5t ! honey1 :i* at fir/ is ?9 & fluid1 f runn+ out ( ! cells1 & especially 9 hot wea!r4 ,honey ,h>ve/4--,z reg>ds ! quantity ( honey to be tak5 f a hive 9 any "o ye>1 !re c1 9 our unc]ta9 climate1 be no g5]al rule1 ?\gh n[ & !n ,i h kn[n a v l>ge am\nt obta9$ by deprivation4 ,payne says1 z ! result ( 8 own exp]i5ce ) depriv+ hives1 ,x is usual to obta9 f e good /ock tw5ty or p]haps ?irty p\nds ( honey annually4 ,?is w\ld be ?\ght too high an e/imate1 9 _m di/ricts2 z 9 my own1 ne> ,london4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t honey ?us h>ve/$ sells at a high] rate ?an t procur$ by suffocat+ ! bees1 z 9 ! common s+le hives2 = !n ! brim/one n only imp>ts a disagreeable flav\r1 b !re is no means ( prev5t+ ! int]mixture ) ! honey m or less ( poll5 & brood4 ,aft] deprivation1 ! soon] ! honey is dra9$ f ! comb ! bett]1 z x soon ?ick5s1 p>ticul>ly if n kept w>m4 ,= ! purpose ( /ra9+ x (f1 a hair sieve is commonly us$1 )9 :i* ! combs are inv]t$2 ! wax5 seals on bo? sides be+ fir/ slic$ (f4 ,! honey w ( c\rse run (f ! soon] if plac$ be=e a fire1 b exposure to heat is injuri\s to f9e flav\r4 ,we may "h resort to ! advice ( ,payne1 :o says1 ! honey %\ld be put into j>s1 q fill$1 & ti$ d[n ) a bladd]2 = exposure to ! air1 ev5 = a few h\rs1 v mu* det]iorates its flav\r4 ,i may obs]ve t honey 9 ! combs keeps rem>kably well1 if fold$ 9 writ+ pap]1 seal$ up to exclude ! air1 & kept dry4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,comb-knives4--,a difficulty sometimes arises 9 extract+ ! combs f common hives or boxes4 ,a l>ge spatula w sep>ate !m f ! sides1 b to deta* !m f ! top1 an in/rum5t ( a diff]5t k9d is requisite4 ,! "o (t5 pref]r$ is simply a b> ( /eel ab\t f\rte5 in*es 9 total l5g?1 half an in* wide1 & an eigh? ( an in* ?ick4 ,at "o end x is b5t at a "r angle ) ! h&le1 & at ! o!r at an angle ( #hj or #ij4 ,! "p ?us turn$ up is 9 bo? cases an in* & a half long1 r less ?an half an in* wide1 & made spe>-po9t$1 or lancet-%ap$2 %>p on bo? sides1 to cut ei!r way4 ,! "o end is us$ :5 ! top ( ! hive is flat2 & ! o!r is adapt$ to ! common dome-=m$ ro(4 ,ano!r useful in/rum5t is ! "o employ$ 9 deta*+ ! combs f ! b>-hives1 made z recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,gold+1 ) a d\ble-edge blade1 an in* & a half long1 & ?ree eigh?s ( an in* wide2 turn$ at "r angles f ! end ( a rod1 :i* may be ( qu>t]-in* squ>e iron4 ,= occasional conv5i5ce1 ! o!r end may be turn$ ! flat way1 %>p5$ at bo? edges4 ,robb]s4--,%\ld an attack ^u a hive f /range bees take place1 :i* sometimes occurs at ?is season 7! /rong robb+ ! weak71 no "t ought to be lo/ 9 n>r[+ ! entrance1 = if all[$ to cont9ue a day or two ! ru9 ( ! family might be ! consequ5ce4 ,inde$1 x is always well gradually to d ?is z ! work+ season draws to a close4 ,an assault f robb] bees is (t5 a mu* m =midable evil ?an "o f wasps1 al?\gh x is said t "o ( ^! is a mat* = ?ree bees4 ,unless ! colony is v weak1 !y are usually soon expell$1 if ! me?ods po9t$ out at page #aag are resort$ to4 ,n s ) bees1 = if b "o or two /rang]s ga9 admittance into a hive !y w return aga9 & aga91 always ) an accession ( =ce2 & = a day or two x is (t5 necess>y entirely to close ! entrance aga9/ !m1 op5+ x only at night4 ,9 su* case ! robb] bees w sometimes collect 9 va/ numb]s at ! m\? ( ! hive1 :5 a %[] f a wat]+-pot w s5d !m away to dry !mselves4 ,! ?ieves are g5]ally di/+ui%able2 & !y are (t5 cunn+ en\gh to comm5ce _! m>aud+ practices e>ly 9 ! morn+ & late at night4 ,a supply ( honey giv5 on ! top1 or ev5 spr9kl$ among ! combs ( cont5d+ hives1 w (t5 div]t ! att5tion ( ! combatants2 or smoke is sometimes effectual1 puff$ into bo? hives4 ,if fight+ recomm5ces on ! succe$+ day1 ! smok+ %\ld be repeat$1 foll[$ by a fe$ ( honey4 ,o!rs h f\nd x advantage\s to remove = "s days a plund]$ hive to a di/ance2 or ev5 to make ! bellig]5t hives *ange places 9 ! api>y2 :i*1 z a fri5d rem>k$ to me1 gives a new turn to _! ideas ( meum & tuum4 ,a ,g]man proprietor1 aft] remov+ an attack$ /ock1 put 9 its place a hive fill$ ) wormwood leaves1 s di/a/eful to ! robb]s t !y =sook ! spot1 :5 ! /ock 0 br\ght back aga94 ,autumnal ,fe$+4--,all lab\r is n[ usually susp5d$ = ! ye>1 & x rema9s to see t ample provision is laid up = ! com+ w9t] & spr+4 ,!re ought n to be less ?an sev5te5 to tw5ty p\nds ( honey 9 a hive ( ! same ye>2 b 9 ! case ( an old "o1 eight or t5 p\nds m mu/ be all[$ 9 e/imat+ ! weight2 = old combs are mu* heavi] ?an new ones2 besides t !y are a good deal fill$ ) /ale poll51 & sometimes conta9 c&i$ honey1 ( no use to ! bees4,t ,9 a heal?y /ock !re %\ld be no sc>city ( food1 if ! season has be5 tol]able4 ,! wor/1 h[ev]1 mu/ be provid$ =2 & if1 f any cause1 x %\ld be necess>y1 rec\rse mu/ be _h to supply+ ! defici5cies ( nature4 ,a /ock ( bees1 obs]ves ,dr4 ,bevan1 g5]ally consumes f a p\nd to a p\nd & a half ( honey p] mon?1 betwixt ! fir/ ( ,octob] & ! fir/ ( ,m>*4 ,f ?is "t to ! end ( ,may1 !y w consume d\ble t quantity4 ,t ,9 ref]5ce to ?is "p ( our subject1 x may be useful to quote ! foll[+ e/imate1 z giv5 by ,dr4 ,dunb>3--,a common /raw hive weighs1 :5 empty1 f five to six p\nds2 an ord9>y sw>m ab\t f\r p\nds2 ! wax ( a full hive ( ! curr5t ye>1 ne>ly two p\nds2 ( ! prec$+ ye>1 at lea/ ?ree p\nds2 & ! f>9a 9 ! cells1 n less ?an "o p\nd2 mak+ 9 all ab\t fifte5 p\nds4 ,a /ock1 !re=e1 to be secure1 ought to be d\ble t weight 9 ! gross2 t is1 %\ld conta9 n less ?an fifte5 p\nds ( honey4--,naturali/s' ,libr>y4 ,! requisite fe$+ to make up ! w9t] /ore ought n to be delay$ lat] ?an ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 & ! wea!r %\ld be f9e4 ,food mu/ nev] be plac$ 9 ! op5 air1 b "u a cov]2 o!rwise ! smell w\ld attract wasps or1 :at is worse1 /range bees2 9 ! latt] case a battle g5]ally foll[+4 ,fe$+-tr\ghs4--,! fe$+ ( bees1 ?\gh app>5tly a simple matt]1 is (t5 a tr\blesome process1 & )\t due precaution sometimes leads to a good deal ( commotion4 ,! common sw>m+ hives pres5t mu* difficulty1 f _! con/ruction4 ,hav+ no op5+ at ! cr[n1 ! clumsy & dang]\s mode mu/ be resort$ to ( bottom-fe$+1 9 any way possible2 ei!r by te>+ up ! hive = e supply ( food1 or by means ( an eke1 pu%$ = ! purpose b5ea? x4 ,an improv$ hive gives facilities = pres5t+ food on ! top1 obviat+ ^! inconv5i5ces2 & :]e x may be suppli$ 9 any quantity1 )\t di/urbance2 at ! same "t t x is inaccessible to all enemies4 ,illu/ration ,:5 !re is a hole 9 ! c5tre ( ! top ( ! hive1 a tr\gh may be us$1 made ( t9 or z9c1 sev5 or eight in*es squ>e1 & "o in* & a qu>t] deep2 hav+ a circul> two-in* hole 9 ! middle ( ! bottom1 ) a rim r\nd x1 /&+ up half an in*1 ?r\gh :i* ! bees ent] ! pan f bel[4 ,ano!r circul> rim or p>tition1 z l>ge 9 diamet] z ! squ>e ( ! pan w admit1 is sold]$ d[n )9 x at ! f\r po9ts :]e x t\*es ! sides4 ,x mu/ n g d[n to ! bottom1 b a space %\ld !re be left ( ne>ly an eigh? ( an in*1 z a passage = ! food1 :i* is p\r$ 9 at ! f\r angles4 ,a p]=at$ ?9 wood5 bottom or float is fitt$ loosely into ! pan1 betwe5 ! circles1 remov+ an objection sometimes made aga9/ ! *ill+ effects ( metal ^u bees4 ,! float %\ld be a little rais$ by means ( two ?9 /rips ( wood1 app5d$ bel[1 to all[ ! liquid to fl[ b5ea?4 ,a cov] is made by a piece ( glass1 re/+ on ! l>g] circle1 b cut ne>ly octagonal 9 =m1 s z to leave ! corn]s op54 ,! circle on :i* ! glass re/s %\ld be an eigh? ( an in* l[] ?an ! out] rim4 ,9 mak+ a tr\gh ( ?is k9d1 x is sometimes cu/om>y to app5d b5ea? x a c5tral desc5d+ rim or tube1 fitt+ d[n into ! hole on ! top ( ! hive4 ,?is is worse ?an useless1 & x is 9 ! way on ! removal ( ! pan2 on :i* occasion x is exp$i5t to pu% b5ea? x a piece ( %eet t9 or z9c1 to /op ! communication f bel[4 ,su* a pan is p]haps made m readily )\t ! inn] circle2 9 :i* case1 all t is ne$$ = p\r+ 9 ! food is a p>tition go+ ne>ly d[n to ! bottom1 s z to cut (f a portion at "o corn]4 ,! glass pane c re/ on angle-pieces1 sunk an eigh? ( an in*1 at ?ree ( ! corn]s1 & ^u ! p>tition at ! f\r? "o1 ?is "p be+ left op54 ,illu/ration ,a *>ge is sometimes br\ght aga9/ z9c fe$+-pans1 z t5d+ to create acidity 9 ! food4 ,!re is p]haps "s tru? 9 ?is1 :]e x is suff]$ to rema9 too long2 toge!r ) ano!r cause ( mis*ief1--a v g5]al neglect ( cleanl9ess4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :o pref] wood altoge!r may h tr\ghs made ( t mat]ial1 ei!r squ>e or r\nd 9 =m1 z t giv5 9 our illu/ration1 :i* is turn$ f h>d wood 9 a la!2 a piece be+ divid$ (f on "o side by a p>tition1 "u :i* ! food passes1 b5ea? a wood float4 ,a pane ( glass re/s ^u a circul> rabbet turn$ out to receive x1 leav+ uncov]$ ! "p beyond ! p>tition4 ,illu/ration ,= ! purpose ( fe$+ ! bees 9 my b>-hive1 a z9c or t9 tr\gh is provid$1 ( a =m adapt$ to ! position ( ! op5+s cut ?r\gh ! cr[n-bo>d to ! /ock-box4 ,! extreme l5g? is t5 in*es & a half1 f\r in*es wide1 & an in* & a half deep4 ,at "o end is a p>tition an in* & a qu>t] wide1 go+ d[n ne>ly to ! bottom4 ,into ?is ! honey or o!r food is p\r$1 runn+ "u a wood5 p]=at$ float1 & fitt$ loosely )9 ! bottom4 ,a pane ( glass re/s on two angle pieces1 at "o end1 & on ! cross division at ! o!r1 all sunk a qu>t] ( an in*1 & cov]+ ! pan z f> z ! p>tition4 ,! latt] is /r5g!n$ 9 ! c5tre by a cross-/ay1 aga9/ :i* ! glass re/s4 ,at ! bottom is an op5+ sev5 in*es long & half an in* wide1 ) a rim ar\nd x1 ab\t half an in* high4 ,?is op5+ is plac$ s z to correspond ) t communicat+ ?r\gh ! b>s b5ea?4 ,draw out ! slides1 & ! bees w h access to ! pan4 ,?is proce$+ is ( c\rse rev]s$ on its removal4 ,illu/ration ,bee ,food4--,no?+ t c be pres5t$ to bees is s acceptable z _! natural food--pure honey4 ,at ?is season1 z x is *iefly /or$ = future consumption1 x is be/ unmix$ ) wat]4 ,fill ! pan e ev5+ till ! requisite quantity is giv51 = x w spe$ily be empti$4 ,refuse honey may be giv5 to ! bees 9 ! combs1 pil$ 9 a pan1 a little sep>at$1 & cov]$ by a box or hive4 ,! soon] ! fe$+ is end$ ! bett]1 ! bees1 if 9 heal?1 be+ on ^! occasions mu* excit$ & (t5 irascible4 ,let en\gh be giv5 :5 y are ab\t x4 ,gelieu says1 ,let !re be no higgl+ ) bees2 bett] t !y h too mu* ?an too little4 ,recollect t little ( y\r b\nty is n[ eat51 b is convey$ & /or$ = ! day ( ne$2 ! bees sometimes ext5d+ ! combs purposely to receive x1 & (t5 ( poll5 z well2 = x is obs]vable t fe$+ at any "t /imulates !m to =ag+ abroad4 ,no?+ is wa/$1 & :atev] !re is to sp>e w be repaid ) int]e/ 9 ! spr+4 ,x mu/ also be borne 9 m9d1 t :at food is likely to be want$ mu/ be suppli$ n[1 = v r>ely %\ld any fur!r attempts at fe$+ be made till ! return+ spr+ re/ores animation to ! family4 ,a ref]5ce to ,spr+ ,fe$+ w supply in=mation z to v>i\s sub/itutes = honey4 ,w9t] ,/ore4--,"u ! head ( ,autumnal ,fe$+ we h m5tion$ ! usual e/imate z to ! requisite supply ( honey = ! w9t]4 ,anomal\s z x may seem1 x has be5 rem>k$1 t ! quantity app>5tly requir$ is n dep5d5t on ! population ( ! hive4 ,! numb] ( m\?s make little s5sible diff]5ce1 ev5 :5 two or ?ree /ocks h be5 unit$4 ,?is fact 0 fir/ notic$ by ,gelieu1 & has be5 corroborat$ by o!r obs]v]s4 ,9 d\bl+ ! population1 says ,gelieu1 ,i naturally conceiv$ t we mu/ also d\ble ! quantity ( food2 = ,i _h always se5 t two or ?ree families1 liv+ toge!r1 us$ m meat ?an ea* w\ld h done s+ly1 h[ev] rigid _! economy4 ,! m m\?s ! m meat1 ?\ght ,i2 &1 9 consequ5ce1 ,i augm5t$ greatly ! am\nt ( provision ! fir/ "t t ,i d\bl$ a hive2 b to my a/oni%m5t1 :5 ,i weigh$ x aga9 9 ! spr+1 ,i f\nd t ! unit$ sw>m _h n consum$ m ?an ea* w\ld h done s+ly4 ,i c\ld n believe my eyes1 b ?\ght !re mu/ be "s mi/ake2 nor c\ld ,i be conv9c$ until ,i _h repeat$ ! exp]im5t a hundr$ times ov]1 & _h always ! same result4 ,?is seem+ anomaly1 ,gelieu & o!rs h attempt$ to acc\nt = on ! pr9ciple t ! increas$ heat ( an augm5t$ population is 9 "s measure a sub/itute = food2 b ?is is oppos$ to all exp]i5ce1 :i* proves t w>m? is a /imulus to consumption4 ,a m satisfactory way ( dispos+ ( ! "q seems to be1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! bees 9 a well-peopl$ hive feel 9 a l[] degree ! evils consequ5t on frequ5t *anges ( temp]ature occurr+ 9 w9t]1 ?an is obs]vable 9 a less popul\s "o2 = alt]nations ( cold & w>m? h an injuri\s effect1 g5]ally lead+ to an increas$ consumption ( /ores4 ,! next consid]ation is t ! junction ( /ocks1 allud$ to by ,gelieu1 ensures a l>g] supply ( lab\r]s 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,x is n 9 ! cold wea!r t mu* consumption ( food takes place1 b aft] ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 :5 ! great hat*+ comes on2 & !n n s mu* by ! bees1 z by ! brood4 ,9 a ?9ly-populat$ hive1 almo/ ! :ole family is requir$ )9-doors at ?is "t1 to w>m ! eggs & fe$ ! "y2 & consequ5tly little is add$ to ! cont9ually dim9i%+ /ock ( honey & f>9a4 ,no?+ is m common ?an to see a hive1 app>5tly well /or$ 9 ,febru>y1 on ! po9t ( p]i%+ 9 ! mon? ( ,april4 ,?is is n ! case :]e a l>ge numb] ( bees c be sp>$ to g abroad & br+ 9 fre% supplies1 to keep pace )1 or ev5 to exce$1 ! dem&s ( ! crav+ brood4 ,autumnal ,unions1 ,fum+1 & ,transf]r+ ,bees4,u--,! subject ( autumnal unions ( bee /ocks is /rongly advocat$ by ,gelieu2 & 9 ?is c\ntry has n always receiv$ ! att5tion x dem&s4 ,p]haps ?is is 9 "p ow+ to ignorance z to a ready mode ( accompli%+ ! object2 & 9 "s degree f ! suppos$ d\bt ab\t ma9ta9+ ! bees1 :5 collect$ 9 a l>ge body1 ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,! latt] difficulty is remov$ by a ref]5ce to :at has be5 said on ! subject ( w9t] /ore1 9 ! la/ section4 ,i hope ,i %all be able to %[ t1 by a safe & simple exp$i5t1 ! bees ( two or ?ree weak or worn-out families may be jo9$ toge!r1 to =m "o vigor\s /ock2 at ! same "t sav+ ?\s&s ( valuable lives4 ,! late ,api>ian ,society ( ,ox=d is entitl$ to cr$it = ! c>e x be/[$ on ?is bran* ( bee economy2 & ! me?od ( proc$ure n[ to be expla9$ 0 !re successfully practis$4 ,x %\ld be done ab\t ,septemb]1 & 9 w>m wea!r4 ,u ,x may be well 9 ?is place to call att5tion to ! di/9ction betwe5 ! sy/em ( ,transf]r+ ,bees1 9 ,autumn1 9 ! way n[ po9t$ out1 & :at has sometimes be5 conf\nd$ ) x2 namely1 ! practice ( ,transf]r+ ,bees & ,combs toge!r1 f "o hive to ano!r4 ,?is ,i nev] advocat$1 except 9 b>-hives1 :5 x is sometimes practicable1 provid$ ! combs are built 9 /raight l9es4 ,illu/ration ,! cu/om ( /upefy+ bees by "s n>cotic sub/ance has long be5 9 practice2 &1 obs]ves ,dr4 ,dunb>1 !re is no m useful auxili>y 9 e op]ation 9 an api>y ?an smoke4 ,by subject+ !m to ! fumes1 ! bees are r5d]$ ins5sible & h>mless = a "t2 b soon recov]1 ) no ill-effects subsequ5tly4 ,app>atus m or less complicat$ has be5 inv5t$ = fum+2 b p]haps ! mo/ simple 0 t us$ at ,ox=d1 :i* is a t9 tube1 eighte5 in*es long1 & ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]2 readily made by any t9-work]4 ,"o end is ext5d$ & flatt5$ to adapt x to ! entrance ( ! hive1 :il/ ! o!r is appli$ to ! m\? ( ! op]ator4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! tube is a box1 two in*es & a half long1 & two in*es 9 diamet]1 to conta9 ! fumigat+ mat]ial2 & to receive :i*1 "o end is made to draw out l a telescope4 ,! two ends ( ! box1 :]e ! tubes jo9 x1 are /opp$ )9side by divisions ( p]=at$ t94 ,?is "p mu/ be put toge!r1 by rivett+1 & )\t sold]1 :i* ! heat w\ld melt4 ,an in/rum5t ( ?is =m is adapt$ = mo/ purposes :]e smoke is ne$$1 x be+ applicable to fum+ a hive at ! m\?1 or1 9 "s cases1 f ! top2 = x is1 occasionally1 m 9 accordance ) ! object 9 view t ! bees %\ld be driv5 d[n1 r ?an upw>ds4 ,:51 !re=e1 ?is is propos$1 a b5d 9 ! tube becomes exp$i5t1 :i* is readily manag$ by hav+ ! f>!r end made 9 two pieces to be disconnect$ at pleasure1 aft] ! plan ( a wat]+-pot4 ,ano!r end-piece c !n be slipp$ on l a nozzle1 turn$ d[nw>ds1 to ent] ! hole ?r\gh ! top ( ! hive4 ,! in/rum5t j describ$ is ( c\rse us$ 9 ! h&2 b ano!r k9d is sometimes applicable1 made n unlike a pepp]-box1 ^u a foot1 :i* /&s on1 or 9 a hole 91 ! gr\nd1 :il/ ! hive ab\t to be fum$ is plac$ ov] x4 ,! top lifts (f to receive ! fungus2 & ?is1 z well z ! l[] end1 is pi]c$ ) holes4 ,illu/ration ,! sub/ance hi!rto *iefly recomm5d$ = ! fumigation or /upefy+ ( bees is a k9d ( fungus1 f\nd gr[+ (t5 v l>ge & r\nd1 mo/ly 9 ri* pa/ures or plantations1 9 ! autumn4 ,x is ! ,lycop]don ,giganteum1 b v>i\sly call$1 z ,devil's snuff-box1 fuzz-ball1 or puff-ball4 ,x %\ld be ga!r$ :5 ne>ly ripe4 ,dry x 9 ! sun1 or a cool ov51 & pres]ve x f damp4 ,x is !n a spongy sub/ance1 conta9+ br[n du/2 & burns ) an (f5sive smell4 ,! difficulty (t5 ( procur+ ?is mat]ial l$ me to make trial ( ano!r k9d ( fungus1 call$ ,racodium ,cell>e1 or m\se-sk9 ,byssus4 ,x may be f\nd gr[+ 9 l>ge w9e or be] vaults1 9 imm5se d>k-col\r$ bun*es or fe/oons1 susp5d$ f ! ro(1 (t5 we>+ a h&some appe>ance4 ,9 a s+le su* vault1 9 ,london1 ,i h se5 z mu* z w\ld suffice = a l>ge portion ( ! bee-keep]s 9 ,great ,brita92 & ,i c recomm5d x 7n too freely us$7 z ev5 m efficaci\s ?an ! o!r fungus4 ,x requires no prep>ation1 ignit+ & sm\ld]+ readily1 & may be pres]v$ = ye>s4 ,:atev] be ! mat]ial employ$1 let ! box ( ! tube be ab\t two-?irds full2 & a few puffs w cause x to s5d =? smoke abundantly4 ,! hive :i* x is int5d$ to deprive ( its t5ants may be lift$ g5tly f its place soon aft] dusk1 & plac$ ov] "s k9d ( receptacle4 ,an empty hive1 turn$ bottom upw>ds1 might answ] ) a little managem5t1 b !re mu/ be no place ( escape = ! bees4 ,! be/ ?+ is a box or b[l1 ab\t t5 in*es squ>e )9side1 & f\r or five in*es deep2 ) a wide flat rim all r\nd4 ,! fir/ introduction ( ! smoke w cause an upro> among ! bees1 :i* w spe$ily be foll[$ by sil5ce1 z !y fall d[n f its effect4 ,a m9ute or two g5]ally suffices = ?is1 assi/$ by /rik+ ! sides & top ( ! hive4 ,:5 all is quiet1 turn up ! hive1 & y w h receiv$ ! great] "p ( its inhabitants 9 ! b[l1 9 a /upefi$ /ate & p]fectly subdu$4 ,a portion w rema9 /ick+ 9 ! combs1 :i* mu/ be cut out "o by "o1 & ! bees swept ) a fea!r into ! b[l1 :]e a little m smoke w1 if ne$$1 keep !m quiet 9 ! int]im4 ,z respects ! ,que51 if p]ceiv$1 %e c be tak5 away1 b ! bees w commonly dispose ( h] 9 _! own way1 by ! next morn+4 ,! :ole be+ ?us collect$1 !y soon beg9 to %[ signs ( return+ animation2 & :5 ?is is ab\t to take place1 spr9kle !m pretty freely ) a mixture ( sug>$ ale4 ,next1 lift quietly f its /& ! hive to :i* ! smok$ bees are to be unit$1 plac+ x ov] ! b[l1 b leav+ no op5+ except ! m\?1 = air4 ,! bees f above1 attract$ by ! sc5t1 w g d[n1 & beg9 lick+ ! spr9kl$ ones4 ,! :ole become int]mix$1 & asc5d toge!r into ! hive ov] !m1 9 p]fect goodwill4 ,leave !m till ! foll[+ morn+ e>ly1 :5 ! b[l w g5]ally be f\nd empty4 ,replace ! d\bl$ hive on its orig9al /&1 & ! "w is complete4 ,if x is ?\ght desirable /ill fur!r to augm5t its /r5g?1 ! bees ( a second hive may be add$ 9 ! b[l2 or a second union may be made 9 a night or two aft]w>ds4 ,all t rema9s is to see t ! hive conta9s honey to la/ ! w9t]2 & :atev] is want$ to make up ab\t eighte5 p\nds mu/ be suppli$ = t purpose1 9 ! way po9t$ out 9 a previ\s section4 ,we w n[ detail ano!r mode ( proce$+1 at once spe$y & efficaci\s1 & att5d$ ) no risk to ! op]ator4 ,) ! tube ( :i* we h be=e spok51 9 ! ev5+ puff "s smoke into ! m\? ( ! hive y wi% to take1 )\t remov+ x4 ,compel z _m ( ! bees to fall d[n z y c2 !n lift ! hive1 & bru% out ^? rema9+2 tak+ away ! ,que5 if y c f9d h] )\t mu* tr\ble4 ,collect ! :ole 9 a heap on ! floor-bo>d1 & spr9kle !m pretty well ) sug>$ ale4 ,y may n[1 if ! numb]s are /ill ?\ght insuffici5t1 add to ! fir/1 ! smok$ bees ( a second hive4 ,next puff "s smoke )9 ! /ock-hive into :i* ! bees ?us collect$ are to be transf]r$1 quietly :]e x /&s2 j suffici5t to /upify its inhabitants1 & produce a uni=mity ( sc5t4 ,turn x bottom upw>ds1 floor-bo>d & all1 s z to drop no bees2 & place x1 if ( /raw1 9 a pail1 or "s simil> k9d ( support4 ,9 ?is position lift (f ! floor-bo>d1 & spr9kle ^! bees also ) a small] portion ( ! ale1 9 ! hive :]e !y are4 ,aft] ?is is done1 be=e !y h recov]$1 sweep ! smok$ bees uni=mly among ! combs ( ! hive de/9$ to receive !m4 ,clean & scrape its floor-bo>d1 & z soon z symptoms ( return+ animation beg9 to appe>1 replace x1 turn+ ! :ole aga9 into ! "r position4 ,all t rema9s is to re/ore x at once to its orig9al place or /&4 ,be=e ! hive is left1 cle> away f ! entrance any bees t may h fall5 d[n1 s t ! passage = air is n ob/ruct$4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a tube l ! "o describ$1 x is v practicable to make use ( a common pipe & tobacco2 b ! latt] %\ld be ( a mild k9d1 & n too freely us$1 or _m dea?s might ensue4 ,9 select+ ! future domicile ( ! family ?us augm5t$1 x w be well to obs]ve t ! hive is n "o ( long /&+1 9 :i* ! combs h become ?ick5$ ) age4 ,inde$1 a colony ( ! same ye> is to be pref]r$1 & m p>ticul>ly :]e ! ,que5 is a "y "o4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is desir$ to cut out ! old combs f ! int5d$ future /ock-hive1 x c n[ be done ) safety2 fir/ turn+ on to ! bo>d z _m ( ! bees z y c4 ,a supply ( honey w invigorate ! new community1 & ! vacancies w be fill$ up ) fre% combs1 provid$ ! op]ation has n be5 delay$ too late 9 ! season4 ,x is ( great importance "h to obs]ve1 t aft] mak+ autumnal unions1 9 cases :]e ! bees h be5 expell$ f hives possess+ fre% combs1 ! latt] ought to be left undi/urb$1 z s mu* ga9 to a spr+ sw>m1 :i* w gladly accept a h\se ready furni%$3 moreov]1 a va/ sav+ ( honey results1 = ! fabrication ( comb1 z we h %[n at page #aaj1 consumes a great deal ( ?is4 ,! same rem>k applies to sup]s p>tly fill$ ) combs2 b !y %\ld be kept clean & dry4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t "s au?orities ma9ta9 ! op9ion t bees w n[ & !n re-"w portions ( old combs or wax1 b x mu/ be free f impurity4 ,z f> z x c be manag$1 x is desirable t att5tion %\ld be paid to ! previ\s position ( ! hives int5d$ to =m unions1 = !re is always a disposition 9 bees to return to ! spot to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$4 ,:]e x is practicable1 !re=e1 x is be/ to unite adjo9+ families2 or :5 ! union is to consi/ ( ?ree1 unite to a hive 9 ! c5tre1 "o on ea* side4 ,a little =esight at ! "t ( sw>m+1 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! hives1 w (t5 facilitate aft] proce$+s4 ,"s h resort$ to ! plan ( conf9em5t ( ! bees1 b ?is does n always meet ! difficulty2 =1 on ! fir/ opportunity1 _m ( !m w return to _! old haunts1 & seek 9 va9 _! =m] dwell+4 ,fumigation may (t5 be resort$ to 9 cases :]e a sup]abundance ( honey exi/s 9 a hive at ?is season2 = aft] ! introduction ( a little smoke ! bees w fall d[n4 ,x may !n be rev]s$1 & a portion ( comb cut away 9 due mod]ation4 ,re/ore ! bees to ! hive1 & replace its bo>d1 :5 ! :ole may be turn$ back to its prop] position )\t injury4 ,"u ! head ( ,common ,/raw ,hives1 we h rem>k$ t suffocation ) brim/one is ! usual mode ( obta9+ possession ( _! /ores2 ! /ocks ( ! second or ?ird ye>'s /&+ be+ commonly select$ = de/ruction4 ,if1 h[ev]1 su* /ocks c be made /rong & heal?y 9 ! way we h be5 detail+1 good policy w\ld po9t to ! colonies ( ! pres5t ye> z ^? af=d+ ! ri*e/ h>ve/ ( honey1 & ( ! be/ quality1 z be+ 9 new combs4 ,^! w nev] be ( m value = ! m>ket ?an 9 ! fir/ autumn1 provid$ ! proprietor is satisfi$ z to ! /ate ( 8 old] /ocks = ! next ye>'s sw>m+4 ,su* ( ! latt]1 moreov]1 z h s5t out sw>ms 9 ! same season w ( c\rse possess "y ,que5s4 ,9 "s di/ricts ?is pr9ciple is c>ri$ out 9 practice1 & d\btless ) advantage1 :5 a prop] discretion is us$4 ,"u any circum/ances1 x is cle> t 9 ga9+ possession ( ! honey1 de/ruction ( ! bees may be avoid$ by adopt+ ! fum+ & unit+ plan1 in/ead ( t ( suffocation2 = :e!r ! hive be new or old1 ri* or poor1 ! same pr9ciple applies1 ) no am\nt ( "t1 tr\ble1 or exp5se1 great] ?an "u ! brim/one sy/em4 ,! plea ( necessity no long] exi/s = a wanton wa/e ( valuable life2 & to ?is po9t ! att5tion ( ! cottag]1 9 p>ticul>1 might surely be direct$1 z "o (t5 involv+ 8 future pr(its4 ,let him "k t x is 8 int]e/ n to kill 8 bees2 b1 :5 expell$ f "o hive1 to unite !m to ano!r1 :]e augm5t$ numb]s w require no m ?an ! usual /ock ( w9t] food4 ,in=m him t he is act+ on a mi/ak5 pr9ciple :5 he imag9es t 8 bees are worn out ) age--! common plea = de/roy+ !m3 t ^! are %ort-liv$1 & p]iodically r5ew$1 s t ! hive alone becomes old3 moreov]1 t a l>ge proportion ( ! bees at ! close ( ! season are ^? produc$ 9 ! lat] mon?s2 ! old] ones gradually disappe>+ 9 ! autumn1 to be succe$$ by o!rs de/9$ to become ! e>ly lab\r]s ( ! op5+ new ye>4,v ,v ,9 a case :]e a proprietor _h be5 ob/9ately b5t on resort+ to ! old mode ( de/ruction1 ! bees 7 /upefi$ by a wis] neighb\r2 tak5 home by him1 & add$ to "o ( 8 own weak /ocks1 :i* turn$ to good acc\nt 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,be=e we leave ?is "p ( our subject1 a ^w may be said to ^? :o are dispos$ to fancy !re may be an evil 9 a sup]-abundant w9t] population 9 a hive4 ,i nev] obs]v$ any p]man5t inconv5i5ce aris+ f ?is2 & no d\bt c exi/ z to ! advantage ( ma9ta9+ a com=table temp]ature1 ! ,que5 cont9u+ to lay lat] 9 ! autumn "u su* /imulant4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ n be imag9$ t all ! bees collect$ toge!r to =m a /ock1 at ?is "t1 are de/9$ to survive till ! spr+4 ,! day ( life may1 ) _m ( !m1 be already f> sp5t2 b we h %[n 9 :at way _! pres5ce1 ?\gh b tempor>y 9 ! hive1 indirectly contributes to augm5t ! numb]s ( future spr+ lab\r]s4 ,7 x n s1 !re w\ld be no?+ to m>k ! well-kn[n di/9ction betwe5 a popul\s & a half-t5ant$ hive4 ,x is c]ta9 t1 h[ev] num]\s may be ! eggs laid 9 ! spr+1 a portion only are ( avail 9 any b a hive s well peopl$ z to create a favorable temp]ature = hat*+ !m1 & to supply ! means necess>y to _! full developm5t4 ,?us /r5g? 9 "o ye> begets x 9 succe$+ ones2 & x mu/ be rememb]$ h[ influ5tial is w>m? to ! e>ly productive p[]s ( ! ,que51 )\t :i* all goes wrong2 & h[ important x is 9 ! op5+ spr+ to be able to sp>e f ! home duties ( ! hive a l>ge numb] ( collectors to add to ! /ores1 :i* w\ld o!rwise n keep pace ) ! crav+s ( ! ris+ g5]ation4 ,foll[+ up ! pr9ciple ?us laid d[n1 ,i entirely agree ) ^? :o c>ry x out /ill fur!r1 by nev] de/roy+1 if x c be avoid$1 ! brood (t5 f\nd 9 quantity 9 a hive treat$ 9 ! way we h be5 advis+2 = x is obvi\s t ! late/ hat*$ bees are ^? mo/ likely to be ( use 9 ! spr+4 ,:]e x is practicable1 !re=e1 ^? combs :i* conta9 brood %\ld1 ) z little loss ( "t z possible1 to avoid *ill1 be arrang$ 9 a natural position1 9 a well-cov]$ sup]1 & plac$ ov] a hive requir+ to be /r5g!n$4 ,! bees f bel[ w asc5d & clu/] ^u !m &1 9 due "t1 a valuable accession ( numb]s w result4 ,a depriv$ b>-hive (f]s _m facilities 9 su* cases1 )\t injur+ ! combs4 ,x may n be misplac$ "h to rem>k1 t1 9 ! language ( apiculturi/s1 ! hives ( ! ye>1 made up1 z x is t]m$1 = ! w9t]1 n[ assume ! "n ( /ocks4 ,hi!rto !y h be5 d5om9at$ sw>ms or colonies4 ,at ?is "t a good selection ( /ocks may be made by ^? ab\t to e/abli% an api>y1 to be remov$ at ,*ri/mas4 ,9 addition to ! usual *>act]i/ics ( vig\r1 su* families are to be pref]r$ z exhibit a c]ta9 degree ( irascibility1 = ?is is (t5 mo/ obs]vable :]e !re is mo/ to def5d4 ,driv+ ( ,bees4--,9 ! prec$+ section we h detail$ ! modes 9 practice = unit+ bees1 & = obta9+ possession ( _! honey1 by ! aid ( fumigation4 ,_m proprietors1 h[ev]1 pref] to arrive at ! same object by resort+ to :at is t]m$ ,driv+2 by :i* process ! inmates ( "o hive are impell$ to ab&on x1 & ent] "s o!r4 ,:5 skilfully p]=m$1 ?is op]ation is (t5 successful 9 atta9+ ! end 9 view2 b x is seldom well to attempt x1 except 9 a pretty full hive4 ,mr4 ,gold+ has giv51 9 a small compass1 g5]al directions z to ! mode ( proc$ure 9 common cases ( ,driv+1 & we w1 !re=e1 adopt 8 words4 ,t[>ds dusk1 :5 ! family w be all at home1 let ! hive be rais$ g5tly f its floor-bo>d1 & support$ on w$ges ab\t half an in* ?ick4 ,:5 ! bees %all h quietly asc5d$ f ! floor up into ! hive1 x may be inv]t$ /eadily on a small tub or pail4 ,an empty hive1 ( ! same diamet]1 be+ at h&1 %\ld be quickly set ov] ! "o turn$ up to receive x4 ,a light$ pipe may be ready to give a puff or two if necess>y1 b ! op]ation c g5]ally be effect$ )\t us+ x4 ,tie a clo? firmly r\nd ! junction ( ! hives s t ! bees _c escape4 ,proce$ to drum ^u ! full hive 7opposite ! sides ( ! combs1 s z n to deta* !m71 ) ! op5 h&s or a c\ple ( /icks2 ! bees w be s al>m$ t 9 a few m9utes !y w h asc5d$ into ! hive set ov] !m4 ,a hive full ( combs1 & well peopl$1 always drives bett] ?an a weak & p>tly-fill$ "o4 ,! op]ation %\ld nev] be attempt$ except+ 9 w>m wea!r4 ,if ! object be to furni% ano!r hive ) ! bees1 !re is no?+ to d b to rev]se ! hive 9 :i* !y are1 & place ! o!r ^u x1 aga9 ty+ ! clo? r\nd ! junction4 ,a few raps ^u ! peopl$ hive w cause !m to asc5d1 & e>ly next morn+ !y %\ld be plac$ ^u _! usual /&4 ,^? :o /ill adh]e to ! common cottage hive may1 by driv+1 deprive well-/or$ families ( "p ( _! honey4 ,hav+ previ\sly weigh$ ! hive1 calculate h[ mu* may be tak5 ) safety1 & cut away ! ext]nal combs accord+ly4 ,! bees may !n be return$ z direct$4 ,"s op]ators v>y ! above proce$+1 & p]haps dim9i% ! dang]1 by plac+1 z ! fir/ /ep1 ! empty hive at ! bottom1 & ! full "o g5tly ^u ?is4 ,aft] mak+ ! junction complete betwe5 !m1 ! two hives are rev]s$ c>efully toge!r1 s t ! unoccupi$ "o comes to ! top1 & ! drumm+ !n proce$s4 ,?is %\ld be cont9u$ f five to t5 m9utes1 accord+ z circum/ances indicate its necessity4 ,!re are div]sifi$ ways ( unit+ ! bees aft] !y h be5 driv5 into an empty hive4 ,dr4 ,dunb> says1 turn up ! /ock-hive :i* is to receive ! addition to its population3 ) a bun* ( fea!rs1 or a v small wat]+-pot1 dr5* !m ) a solution ( ale & sug>1 or wat] & sug>1 made a little w>m4 ,d ! same to ! expell$ bees3 !n plac+ ^! la/ ov] ! /ock1 m\? to m\?1 a rap on ! top ( ! hive w drive !m d[n among ! bees & combs ( ! und]nea? hive4 ,place ?is la/ on its p$e/al1 & ! op]ation is complet$4 ,! /rong flav\r ( ! solution w prev5t ! bees f di/+ui%+ betwe5 fri5d & /rang]4 ,payne advocates ! middle ( a f9e day z ! be/ "t = driv+2 remov+ ! hive to be op]at$ ^u to a %ady place1 & !n inv]t+ ov] x an empty hive1 z already describ$4 ,a little smoke might sometimes be ne$ful4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ t ! bees h gone into ! upp] hive1 ,payne cont9ues1 take ! latt] imm$iately to ! place :]e ! driv5 hive 0 tak5 f1 & place x ^u ! same floor-bo>d4 ,c>ry ! driv5 hive fifty or sixty y>ds away2 ! few bees t rema9 9 x1 z well z ^? t are out at "w1 w return to ! o!r hive1 at ! accu/om$ spot4 ,all is n[ f9i%$ until an h\r aft] sunset 7except+ empty+ ! driv5 hive ( its /ore71 :5 two /icks may be laid ^u ! gr\nd1 ab\t n9e in*es ap>t1 opposite ! /ock-hive to :i* ! driv5 bees are to be jo9$2 !n ) a sm>t /roke da% out ! bees betwe5 ! /icks2 & in/antly1 b g5tly1 place ! /ock-hive ov] !m ^u ! /icks3 leave !m = ! night1 protect+ !m f ! wea!r1 & an h\r be=e sunrise re/ore ! /ock-hive to its orig9al position4 ,"h w be an increas$ population1 enabl$ to /& ?r\gh ! w9t] mu* bett]1 & to s5d out an e>li] sw>m1 ?an if ! union _h n be5 effect$4 ,! autumnal driv+ ( bees is a common practice :5 ! proprietors reside )9 a few miles ( ! moors & hea?s1 to :i* ! hives are convey$ 9 "t to luxuriate 9 a second h>ve/ ( blossom1 n[ available f ! hea!r4 ,9 su* di/ricts1 x is n unusual to appropriate ! :ole cont5ts ( ! driv5 hive2 ! bees be+ compell$ to beg9 ! _w aga9 9 a new h\se & locality1 l a rec5t sw>m4 ,or1 two or ?ree small families may be driv5 into "o4 ,9 a good season1 a few weeks suffice to enable !m to fill _! second dwell+ ) combs1 brood1 & honey ( ! v f9e/ quality4 ,on _! return home f ! moors1 "s ( ! hives are aga9 driv51 & depriv$ ( a portion ( _! /ores2 or unit$ 9 _m in/ances two or ?ree toge!r1 to =m /rong families z /ocks2 = ! value ( population is too well und]/ood to all[ ( any unnecess>y de/ruction ( life4 ,,w9t] ,,managem5t4 ,! managem5t ( bees 9 ! w9t] season is probably t :i* is less und]/ood ?an any o!r dep>tm5t ( ! api>y1 & v>i\s h be5 ! modes urg$ = ensur+ safety ?r\gh its v>i\s dang]s4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 to be pretty g5]ally admitt$ t x is bett] to all[ ! hives to rema9 9 _! usual position ?r\gh\t ! ye>2 & our c>e !re=e %\ld be direct$ to w>d (f ! casualties n[ to be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,ignorant att5tion1 nev]!less1 is sometimes worse ev5 ?an neglect2 & hav+ once made ! ne$ful w9t] arrangem5ts1 !re ought to be z little subsequ5t di/urbance z possible4 ,! great po9ts to be obs]v$ are1 adequate ext]ior cov]+ & complete protection f ! effects ( w9d1 wet1 & sudd5 *anges ( wea!r2 a suffici5cy ( food to la/ till ! spr+2 & pres]vation f damp 9 ! hive1 ) its att5dant evils4 ,z reg>ds ! /ore ( honey1 we h already said t ?is is a matt] to be cle>ly asc]ta9$ & suppli$ 9 autumn4 ,:51 !re=e1 z ! cold wea!r sets 91 & ! bees h collect$ & clu/]$ toge!r1 !re mu/ be no m attempts at fe$+4 ,! m\? ( ! hive %\ld gradually be contract$1 z ! w9t] advances1 ?\gh nev] entirely clos$4 ,aft] e fall ( sn[1 let x be cle>$ away f ! hives1 & ab\t ! /& or h\se1 to prev5t ! *ance ( reflection1 :i* always injuri\sly ar\ses ! bees1 & = ! bett] security f moi/ exhalation on ?aw+4 ,illu/ration ,w9t] position4--,x is extremely desirable 9 w9t] to keep (f ! influ5ce ( ! sun f ! front ( ! hives4 ,"s p]sons recomm5d mov+ !m f _! summ] position to a nor? aspect1 or turn+ !m r\nd on _! /&s4 ,b ?is %ift+ ( qu>t]s involves ! necessity ( %utt+ up ! bees close prison]s till ! spr+2 = all t casually left ! hive w\ld fly back to ! orig9al famili> spot1 nev] m to revisit home4 ,i entirely agree ) ^? :o ass]t t bees are nev] heal?y :]e conf9em5t has be5 long cont9u$4 ,:o %uts up ! wild bees 9 ! =e/s ( ,li?uania1 :]e !y ?rive s well8 asks ,gelieu4 ,surely 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r p>ts ( our practice1 we _c d bett] ?an foll[ ! guidance ( nature4 ,on a f9e day1 ) ! !rmomet] at or n mu* bel[ #ej 7& ^! are n ( unfrequ5t occurr5ce 9 w9t]71 ! bees avail !mselves ( x1 sally+ =? 9 evid5t delight1 ) c]ta9 advantage to heal? & cleanl9ess2 = !y void no?+ 9 ! hive1 unless compell$ by long necessity4 ,?is is ! po9t at :i* disease comm5ces3 inde$ ! ret5tion ( _! fces sometimes occasions dea?4 ,_! impati5ce ( conf9em5t is excessive1 & increases z ! season advances1 s t !y w leave ! hive at a l[] temp]ature aft] ,*ri/mas ?an be=e4 ,b 9 ?us advocat+ ! pr9ciple ( lib]ty1 ,i am n ins5sible to ! evil x may br+ ) x1 if n gu>d$ aga9/4 ,! mo/ disa/r\s consequ5ces foll[ ! flight ( bees on a fro/y day1 :5 ! gleams & deceitful w>m? ( a w9t] sun rea* _! domicile1 p>ticul>ly ) sn[ on ! gr\nd1 ! gl>e ( :i* allures !m out to de/ruction1 = !y soon fall d[n to rise no m4 ,! rem$y = ?is is ! scre5+ ( ! hive 9 "s way f its effects2 & x %\ld be done z soon z w9t] actually sets 94 ,at ! same "t x is important t no ob/ruction to ! free passage ( air is pres5t$1 or dys5t]y among ! bees w\ld be ! c]ta9 consequ5ce4 ,:]e ! hives /& s+ly1 ,i h always se5 ! advantage ( fix+ be=e ea* a wood5 scre51 nail$ to a po/1 sunk 9 ! gr\nd1 & l>ge en\gh to ?r[ ! :ole front into %ade4 ,?is does n int]f]e ) ! com+ =? ( ! bees at a prop] temp]ature2 & x sup]s$es any necessity = %utt+ !m up :5 sn[ is on ! gr\nd4 ,! scre5 %\ld be fix$ a foot or two 9 advance1 & s z to int]cept ! sun's rays1 :i* w be *iefly 9 w9t] t[>ds ! we/ side4 ,o!r plans h be5 tri$ = effect+ ! same object1 su* z blocks plac$ at ! m\? ( ! hive2 b ^! answ] no good end1 z ! rays ( light p5etrate und]nea? & ar\nd !m4 ,9 a bee-h\se1 entirely enclos$ at ! front1 ! hives & _! bo>ds may sometimes at ?is season be advantage\sly %ift$ a little sideways ( ! ext]ior entrance way2 ) holl[$ blocks 7see page #if71 %ap$ 9 accordance1 to int]cept ! light1 b n ! air4 ,a scre5 ( ! k9d we h describ$ has ! fur!r t5d5cy to promote ! security ( ! bees1 :]e o!r enemies ?an w9d1 fro/1 sn[1 or sun might sometimes endang] !m4 ,"o ( ^!1 at ?is "t1 is ! blue ,titm\se1 to :i* we h be=e allud$4 ,old ,pur*as says1 ,%e w eat t5 or twelve bees at a "t1 & by-&-by be ready = m4 ,:5 %e come? to ! hive & f9de? none1 %e knocke? ) h] bill at ! door1 & z soon z ! bees come out to inquire ! cause1 %e cat*e? fir/ "o & !n ano!r1 until h] belly be full4 ,at page #aag we h describ$ a mode ( deal+ ) ^! m>aud]s4 ,damp 9 ,hives4--,p]haps !re is no?+ m prejudicial ?an ! moi/ure (t5 eng5d]$ 9 expos$ hives at ?is "t1 p>ticul>ly aft] fro/1 & 9 c]ta9 /ates ( ! atmosph]e4 ,x accumulates on ! top & sides1 m\ld+ & r5d]+ (f5sive ! combs1 & produc+ disease among/ ! bees4 ,= ?is reason1 hives ) flat ro(s h sometimes be5 object$ to2 & p]haps ju/ly1 :]e no provision is made = v5tilation4 ,gelieu obviat$ ! evil by plac+ caps or small hives 7cem5t$ d[n7 ov] ! /ocks2 ! moi/ure asc5d+1 evaporat$ ?r\gh ! op5+1 z by a *imney1 ,i h tri$ diff]5t exp]im5ts1 & h f\nd no?+ bett] ?an ! practice ( cond5s+ ! vap\r ( ! hive z mu* z possible1 & convey+ x away4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( w9t]1 ov] ! hole on ! top1 a piece ( p]=at$ z9c or wood is plac$4 ,^u ?is let "o ( ! common fe$+ tr\ghs1 already describ$1 be put1 f :i* ! glass cov]1 &1 if y please1 ! p]=at$ bottom1 are previ\sly remov$2 ! hole 9 ! pan be+ plac$ ov] ! "o bel[4 ,?is may be cov]$ ) a bell-glass1 /&+ )9 ! pan4 ,z ! exhalation rises f ! bees bel[1 x is cond5s$ on ! glass1 & receiv$1 (t5 9 consid]able quantity1 9 ! pan4 ,! hole at ! top ( ! glass may be /opp$1 op5+ x occasionally on a f9e day1 to all[ ! escape ( vitiat$ air4 ,! *ange ( air 9 a hive1 9 mild1 dry wea!r1 is always conducive to heal?1 till ! e>ly spr+ bre$+ beg9s1 :5 caution aga9/ *ill to ! bees is ne$$4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a bell-glass1 ! glass cov] to ! tr\gh may be kept 9 its place z a sub/itute4 ,we h already recomm5d$ ! giv+ to all hives or boxes a slight incl9ation =w>ds1 z be+ useful 9 convey+ away ! moi/ure4 ,illu/ration ,:]e !re is no fe$+ pan1 a bell-glass may be put )9 a circul> lead5 or z9c tr\gh1 hav+ ! c5tre op51 & plac$ ov] ! hole bel[4 ,temp]ature4--,) good protection f cutt+ w9ds1 f wet )\t1 & f damp )91 ! effects ( cold alone1 unless ( extreme sev]ity1 ne$ n be appreh5d$1 = ! bees ( a /rong /ock w g5]ate suffici5t w>m?2 & a dry season is (t5 bett] su/a9$ ?an a mild1 moi/ "o4 ,x is ( importance to gu>d aga9/ sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature1 (t5 occurr+ 9 w9t]2 & exp]i5c$ bee-keep]s h recomm5d$ cov]+ ea* hive ) a mat1 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 z a regulator4 ,x is c]ta9 t less food is consum$ at a l[ ?an a high temp]ature1 & t ! bees are (t5 heal?y 9 proportion4 ,i h kn[n ! !rmomet] d[n to #cb 9 a box1 ) no bad effect to ! bees :5 clu/]$ toge!r2 b !y w\ld become torpid if expos$ s+ly to ?is1 or to a mu* less degree ( cold1 especially t[>ds ! close ( w9t]2 & c\ld !n only be recov]$ by artificial w>m?4,w ,! action ( v sev]e fro/1 moreov]1 has an injuri\s effect ^u ! honey1 :i* becomes c&i$ at ! extremities ( ! combs1 & sometimes ?r\gh\t4 ,x is !nce=? useless z food = ! bees4,x ,w ,x is frequ5tly ! case 9 w9t] t a numb] ( bees may be f\nd1 app>5tly dead1 ab\t a hive1 p>ticul>ly aft] sudd5 di/urbance4 ,! great] "p ( ^! are m]ely p>alys$ on com+ out into a l[] temp]ature1 & may be recov]$ by tak+ !m to ! fire4 ,b ?is %\ld be done ) caution2 =1 if plac$ too ne>1 ! bees are n s likely p]man5tly to recov]1 z :5 ! re/oration is gradual4 ,! be/ way is to put ! bees into a l>ge bas91 spread+ ov] x a piece ( musl9 to conf9e !m till !y are re/or$ to ! hive4 ,x ,9 two /ocks :i* ,i _h an opportunity ( exam9+1 at ! end ( ,febru>y1 #ahch1 aft] a v sev]e w9t]1 ,i f\nd cells fill$ ) honey 9 a granulat$ /ate1 & p]fectly :ite4 ,?is 0 unt\*$ by ! bees1 ?\gh di/ress$ = food4 ,not)/&+ ! unusual sev]ity ( ! season1 !re 0 brood 9 v>i\s /ages ( progression4 ,a !rmomet] is n always a crit]ion ( ! /ate ( ! hive at ?is season1 z ,i h (t5 f\nd2 = ! temp]ature v>ies z ! bees rec$e f x1 & !y frequ5tly %ift _! qu>t]s1 mov+ 9 a mass to pres]ve ! w>m?4 ,:5 congregat$ imm$iately ab\t ! !rmomet]1 ,i h kn[n x rise z mu* z #cj on a fro/y day2 & an increase ( temp]ature always foll[s any commotion1 f :atev] cause1 or p>tial activity 9 ! dwell+1 result+ 9 an increas$ consumption ( food4 ,dys5t]y4--,c>e %\ld be tak5 to cle> away any dead bees at ! m\? ( ! hive1 = ^! give great (f5ce1 besides endang]+ ! safety ( ! family1 by prev5t+ ! passage ( air4 ,:il/ ! bees are 9 activity1 !y c>efully remove e dead body f ! hive2 b 9 w9t] ?is s]vice %\ld be occasionally p]=m$ = !m4 ,9 p>ticul> x %\ld be att5d$ to if signs ( dys5t]y appe>1 :i* may be kn[n by ! d>k-col\r$ evacuations1 (f5sive smell 9 ! hive1 & frequ5t dea?s4 ,?is malady (t5 attacks ! /ronge/ hives1 too mu* clos$ at ! m\?1 p>ticul>ly at ! latt] "p ( w9t] or 9 e>ly spr+1 ! mo/ critical "t = bees2 & no d\bt x is attributable to unnaturally reta9$ fces 9 a damp impure atmosph]e1 ) defici5t cov]+ & v5tilation4 ,x has be5 ?\ght t ! want ( wat] pr$isposes ! bees to dys5t]y4 ,z soon z ! disease is app>5t1 no "t %\ld be lo/ 9 lift+ ! hive f its bo>d1 expell+ ! vitiat$ air1 & scrap+ & wa%+ away all impurity2 repeat+ ! same process1 if requisite1 on "s f9e subsequ5t day4 ,b ! bo>d %\ld be dri$ be=e ! hive is replac$ on x2 or a fre% "o may be at once sub/itut$ = x1 ) less loss ( "t & annoyance to ! bees4 ,i h re/or$ a /ock to p]fect heal? by ?or\ghly clean+ & v5tilat+ x1 aft] a ?ird ( ! inhabitants _h fall5 a sacrifice4 ,all rem$ies1 z !y are call$1 by fe$+ ) v>i\s prescriptions1 d m h>m ?an good4 ,bees1 says ,gelieu1 h no real disease3 dys5t]y1 ab\t :i* s mu* noise has be5 made1 & = :i* s _m rem$ies h be5 prescrib$1 nev] attacks ! bees ( a well-/ock$ hive t is left op5 at all seasons1 b only ^? t are too long & too closely conf9$4 ,!y are always 9 good heal? z long z !y are at lib]ty2 :5 !y are w>m en\gh & h pl5ty ( food4 ,all _! pret5d$ diseases are ! result ( cold1 hung]1 or ! infection produc$ by a too close & long conf9em5t dur+ ! w9t]4 ,,spr+ ,,managem5t4 ,^? :o comm5ce an api>y by ! pur*ase ( e/abli%$ /ock-hives1 & :o did n secure su* 9 ! autumn1 c1 ) ! op5+ ( ,febru>y1 & = ! five or six weeks ensu+1 make a selection ( ^? t h ! *>act]i/ics ( heal? & /r5g?1 :i* may g5]ally be asc]ta9$ on a f9e day1 by obs]v+ ! quantity ( f>9a c>ri$ into a hive4 ,! be/ "t1 says ,payne1 to e/abli% an api>y is f ! middle ( ,febru>y to ! middle ( ,m>*4 ,! /ocks w h pass$ ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & ! removal is safe & easy4 ,!re are few commodities 9 :i* a p]son c be s easily deceiv$ z 9 a hive ( bees4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 recomm5d ! "y api>ian to take ! op9ion ( "s exp]i5c$ p]son be=e he makes 8 pur*ase4 ,if ! hive is n ( ! prec$+ ye>1 its weight is no crit]ion ( its value2 = an old /ock conta9s a l>ge quantity ( poll54 ,an exam9ation ( ! combs1 z to discoloration1 w (t5 be a useful crit]ion ( age4 ,! select$ /ocks %\ld be remov$ to _! new qu>t]s by h&1 at dusk1 to be no m di/urb$4 ,clean+ or *ang+ ,floor-bo>ds4--,all :o h be5 accu/om$ to ! c>e ( bees mu/ h p]ceiv$ ! sav+ ( lab\r to !m1 9 ! e>ly spr+1 9 ! clean+ ( _! floor-bo>ds1 by scrap+ away all fil?1 remov+ dead bees1 refuse wax1 c41 & ?or\ghly dry+ !m4 ,9 _m cases ! be/ & quicke/ plan is to *ange ! bo>d1 & p>ticul>ly :5 x %[s signs ( decay1 :i* always leads to mis*ief4 ,comb-prun+4--,9 conjunction ) an exam9ation ( ! floor-bo>ds1 opportunity c be tak5 ( obs]v+ ! /ate ( ! hives1 z respects _! combs4 ,:]e ^! are se5 to be old1 m\ldy1 mildew$1 or infect$ by mo?s1 !y %\ld be cut away2 z also :5 !y h become fill$ ) a mass ( /ale poll5 & useless honey2 at ! same "t tak+ c>e n to di/urb any brood !re may be4 ,hives sometimes conta9 too l>ge a proportion ( drone-combs1 :i* c n[ be remov$ ) advantage4 ,"s p]sons use a little smoke1 b at ?is season x mu/ be resort$ to sp>+ly1 z ! bees are weak4 ,!y w spe$ily fill up ! vacancies ?us made1 & a /ock 9 ?is way p>tially r5ew$ may be cont9u$ 9 heal? sev]al ye>s1 provid$ ! hive itself is 9 good /ate4 ,nev]!less1 x may be well to recur to an op9ion we h already express$1 t x is (t5 m to ! int]e/ ( ! proprietor to all[ a /ock to sw>m r ?an to p]sev]e = sev]al succe$+ seasons 9 prev5t+ x1 9 a hive con/antly becom+ worse = occupation4 ,g5]al directions4--,z soon z vegetation beg9s to appe>1 ) g5ial wea!r1 all ob/ructions to ! free access to ! hives mu/ be remov$2 & by degrees ext5d$ space giv5 at ! m\?4 ,! critical "t = ! bees is n[ approa*+2 = 9 ,febru>y brood (t5 rapidly increases1 requir+ great] att5tion to a uni=m w>m?4 ,! tops ( ! hives1 !re=e1 %\ld be clos$ 91 to prev5t curr5ts ( cold air1 (t5 at ?is "t fatal bo? to ! eggs & l>v1 z may be se5 by ! ejectm5t ( dead grubs4 ,ev5 mu* lat] on 9 ! season ! recurr5ce ( cold days w leave c]ta9 pro(s ( mis*ief2 & at su* times ! m\?s ( ! hives ought aga9 to be contract$ & scre5$2 c>efully reta9+ till all dang] is pa/ ! out] cov]+s to ! hives4 ,! bees w n[1 9 f9e wea!r1 g =? 9 se>* ( poll51 :i* !y br+ into ! hive 9 l>ge or app>5tly 9 useless quantity1 s z sometimes to r5d] x necess>y aft]w>ds to remove x1 at a great exp5se ( lab\r4 ,?is1 says ,gelieu1 is ! only po9t on :i* !y c be accus$ ( a want ( t prud5ce & =esight1 s admirable 9 e o!r respect4 ,a supply ( poll51 toge!r ) wat]1 are ! fir/ requirem5ts ( ! spr+1 bo? ess5tial to ! brood1 & ! eag]ness ( ! bees to seek !m is a c]ta9 indication ( heal? & /r5g? 9 ! hive4,y ,at page #ajb1 a li/ is giv5 ( e>ly fl[]+ plants1 :i* x is desirable to h 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! hives4 ,at pres5t ! bees are weak1 & incapable ( a long flight3 ! wea!r1 too1 is (t5 unfavorable = x4 ,y ,x is wor?y ( att5tion t a di/+ui%$ ,g]man apiculturi/ has rec5tly introduc$ a sub/itute = poll5 9 ! e>ly ye>1 :5 ! bees h no means ( procur+ x4 ,obs]v+ t 8 bees frequ5t$ a neighb\r+ mill1 he f\nd !m engag$ 9 convey+ f !nce a quantity ( rye meal4 ,d]iv+ a h9t f ?is discov]y1 he plac$ a tr\gh ( ! meal 9 front ( 8 api>y1 :i* 0 eag]ly c>ri$ to ! hives1 ! bees pref]r+ x to old poll52 & ?is cont9u$ till ! op5+ blossoms suppli$ ! natural article4 ,"s hives consum$ z mu* z two p\nds4 ,subsequ5t exp]im5tali/s1 at home1 h us$ ! fl\r ( :eat1 or o!r gra91 ) success4 ,! k t ! collection ( poll5 & ! ne$ ( wat] by ! bees are simultane\s1 l$ ^! obs]v]s a /ep fur!r1 by giv+ a supply ( bo? ^! ess5tials at ! same "t4 ,z ?is assi/ance has be5 af=d$ z e>ly z ,janu>y1 x w\ld seem necess>y1 9 our climate1 to place bo? articles 9 "s accessible "p )9 ! hive4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any bett] provision1 wet sponge or moss has be5 f\nd to answ]2 or old combs w suffice z receptacles ei!r ( wat] or fl\r4 ,/ocks ?us treat$ are said to be greatly =w>d$ bo? 9 bre$+ & sw>m+4 ,an att5tive obs]v] w n[ readily di/+ui% ! /rong1 heal?y /ocks2 b n[ & !n a family may be se5 sluggi% 9 its "w1 ?\gh1 p]haps1 n defici5t 9 numb]s4 ,! cause may g5]ally be trac$ to an unfruitful ,que51 to be got rid ( z soon z ! season is a little m advanc$1 & a successor c be re>$ 9 ! way describ$ "u ! head ,que5 ,bee4 ,or1 x might happ5 if ! ,que5 dies be=e ! bees h ! means ( e/abli%+ ano!r1 :5 an ab&onm5t ( ! hive (t5 ensues1 ?\gh honey may /ill be pl5tiful 9 /ore4 ,prud5ce w at ?is "t po9t out ! exp$i5cy ( survey+ ! /ate ( ! api>y z to repairs1 pa9t+1 c41 to be done be=e ! bees h fully ent]$ into a /ate ( activity4 ,spr+-fe$+4--,x is well n[ to exam9e ! rema9+ /ock ( food1 = mu* w %ortly be requir$ = ! increas+ numb]s4 ,if ne$$1 "s mu/ be giv51 ?\gh 9 less quantity ?an 9 autumn2 & x ought to be plac$ )9 ! hive1 ei!r at ! top or bottom2 b ! "t is arriv$ :5 e precaution %\ld be us$ to prev5t ! effects ( *ill to ! brood1 by ! creation ( cold curr5ts4 ,x usually suffices to supply food ab\t ?ree times a week1 b ! fe$+ tr\gh mu/ be closely cov]$1 to keep up ! temp]ature1 or ! bees w n at fir/ ent] into x4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 "s proprietors d n hesitate to inv]t a hive1 & p\r a cup ( honey among/ ! combs3 ! bees w soon lick "o ano!r clean4 ,or1 9 lieu ( a tr\gh1 ,i h us$ a t9 vessel1 hold+ ne>ly half a p9t1 op5 at ea* end1 made some:at tap] d[nw>ds1 ! l[] end fitt+ into a hole on ! top ( ! hive1 ( ab\t two in*es4 ,?is "p is some:at loosely ti$ ov] ) l95 clo?1 ?r\gh :i* ! bees suck ! food4 ,x may be made cyl9drical1 if pref]r$1 ) a flan* to re/ ^u4 ,at ?is season x is well to give ! food slightly w>m$4 ,_m p]sons recomm5d fe$+ ev5 ! /rong hives1 = x is c]ta9 ! bees are /imulat$ by ! increas$ temp]ature to :i* x gives rise2 & !re c be no d\bt ( ! importance ( br++ ! /ocks =w>d z e>ly z possible4 ,b no fe$+1 unless f absolute necessity1 %\ld be resort$ to till a c]ta9 degree ( animation is visible 9 ! dwell+1 o!rwise ! bees are prematurely put 9 motion1 & numb]s p]i%1 unable to rea* home4 ,nor is x ( less importance to obs]ve t fe$+ is n discont9u$ too soon2 = ev5 aft] w>m days !re w be a return ( ung5ial wea!r1 & a /ock might p]i% :]e a v little additional food w\ld h sav$ x4 ,b "s limit %\ld be put to ! quantity z ! wea!r becomes f9e & w>m2 = ,i h kn[n evil arise :]e ! cells h be5 fill$ by ! bees ) sug>$ mixtures1 at ! "t :5 ! ,que5 requires !m to deposit eggs4 ,we h already allud$ to ! advantages ( a supply ( wat] )9side1 9 ! v e>ly ye>1 be=e ! bees c g abroad4 ,:]e honey is abundant1 x is ( c\rse pref]able2 & x is no worse = be+ slightly made liquid ) wat]4 ,9 o!r cases v>i\s k9ds ( sub/itutes h be5 resort$ to4 ,i h us$ good s\nd ale1 sweet5$ ) sug> & honey1 & boil$ = a m9ute or two3 ! usual proportion is a p9t to a p\nd ( ref9$ sug>1 add+ a f\r? "p ( pure honey1 :i* imp>ts a flav\r ! mo/ agreeable to ! bees4 ,a tablespoonful ( rum /ill fur!r improves ! comp\nd4 ,mr4 ,gold+ recomm5ds a v simil> mixture2 to :i*1 h[ev]1 he adds a teaspoonful ( salt & a glass ( w9e4 ,payne prescribes lump sug>1 9 ! proportion ( ?ree p\nds to a p9t ( wat]1 boil$ = two or ?ree m9utes1 & mix$ ) a p\nd ( honey4 ,! k9d ( food we h be5 describ+ is t :i* is mo/ commonly us$ = bees at ?is season4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 turn$ my att5tion1 occasionally1 to ! sav+ ( tr\ble t arises :]e food c be giv5 !m 9 a concrete =m1 to sup]s$e "s ( ! evils att5d+ ! common me?ods ( adm9i/]+ liquids at ?is season4 ,9 "o ( my fe$+ tr\ghs ,i h sometimes put "s l>ge lumps ( ref9$ sug>1 dipp$ previ\sly 9 wat] till pretty well saturat$1 :i* ! bees w appropriate4 ,( ! v>i\s concrete sac*>9e prep>ations1 h[ev]1 ,i h f\nd none entirely comb9+ ! ne$ful requisites except t 9 :i* ! cry/alliz+ prop]ties ( ! sug> _h be5 altoge!r de/roy$4 ,x is well kn[n t ?is *ange c be effect$ by c]ta9 me?ods ( boil+4 ,i believe ,i am correct 9 /at+ t ! heat requir$ to conv]t cry/allizable into uncry/allizable sug> is f #cbj to #cfj ( ,fahr5heit4 ,if1 !re=e1 to two p\nds ( loaf sug> half a p9t ( wat] is add$ 9 a saucepan1 x mu/ be boil$ up to a temp]ature n exce$+ #cfj ( heat4 ,?is may be pretty well kn[n :5 ! syrup becomes brittle2 asc]ta9able by sudd5ly cool+ a little on a cold sub/ance1 or plate1 :5 x beg9s to assume a pale yell[ col\r4 ,! long] x is expos$ to heat1 up to ?is po9t1 ! m p]fect is ! *ange produc$2 b ab\t tw5ty m9utes' boil+ is usually suffici5t4 ,if1 in/ead ( wat] alone1 a fif? to a f\r? "p ( v9eg> is mix$ ) x1 ! process is exp$it$2 & :5 ?us made1 ! bees appe> to give x a pref]5ce4 ,! :ole mu/ be p\r$ out gradually ^u a cold di%1 or a slab ( /one1 m>ble1 or slate1 previ\sly rubb$ ) a v little f9e oil1 or o!r unctu\s matt]1 to prev5t adhesion4 ,9 a few m9utes x is suffici5tly /iff5$ to all[ ( be+ cut1 ) a pair ( scissors1 into su* conv5i5tly-=m$ pieces z are be/ adapt$ = ins]tion into ! hive at its m\?4 ,to ^? :o d n object to ! tr\ble ( prep>+ ?is k9d ( bee-food !mselves1 ! co/ may be e/imat$ at t ( ! sug>1 z !re does n appe> to arise any loss 9 weight4 ,x w be se5 t ?is prep>ation diff]s b little f ! common confection1 famili>ly kn[n z b>ley-sug>4 ,! bees1 z lamb5t insects1 h no difficulty1 f ! deliquesc5t prop]ties ( ?is concrete1 9 appropriat+ x spe$ily2 & 9 ! use ( a l>ge quantity ,i h always f\nd x to be unaccompani$ by ! usual degree ( di/urbance1 obs]vable :5 honey is adm9i/]$4 ,x may be giv5 at any "t ( ! day2 & an impov]i%$ family might frequ5tly be sav$ by ins]t+ a few /icks ( b>ley-sug> )9 a hive1 :5 any o!r mode ( fe$+ 0 impracticable4 ,9 fact x w\ld appe> t no o!r artificial food is s acceptable to ! bees2 & mu* ( x d\btless returns to ! proprietor1 int]mix$ ) natural honey4 ,by ! process we h describ$1 common sug> has n[ be5 conv]t$ into a sub/ance mu* resembl+ 9 its prop]ties ! sac*>9e matt] ( c]ta9 fruits1 z grapes1 c41 kn[n z uncry/allizable sug>2 probably ne>ly id5tical ) ! honey collect$ by ! bees f ! nect>ies ( fl[]+ plants4 ,aft] exposure to ! action ( a moi/ atmosph]e1 ! concrete soon assumes a dissolv$ =m2 & s1 !nce=?1 rema9s1 z ,i h prov$ by keep+ x1 9 any way unalt]$1 = sev]al ye>s2 9 %ort1 x becomes a sub/ance v mu* resembl+ honey4,z ,z ,i am n among/ ! numb] ( ^? :o 7to my appreh5sion7 g out ( _! way to ma9ta9 t ?is vegetable secretion und]goes "s k9d ( *emical *ange by pass+ into ! /oma* ( ! bees 79 reality a m]e receiv+ bag71 f :5ce x is (t5 regurgitat$ into ! cells ( ! combs 9 a few m9utes1 or ev5 seconds1 ( "t4 ,honey d\btless d]ives bo? its col\r & flav\r imm$iately f ! plants supply+ x2 ! bees n possess+ ! p[] ( alt]+ ei!r4 ,x ev5 sometimes conta9s an orig9al poison\s matt]4 ,its subsequ5t ?ick5$ consi/5cy naturally results f ! effect ( a l[]$ temp]ature2 act+ 9 a great] or less degree1 accord+ to circum/ances1 season1 c4 ,t ! bees h n ! ability to *ange *emically ! cont5ts receiv$ into _! honey-bags1 is %[n by an exam9ation ( ! sac*>9e mixtures giv5 to !m z artificial food2 9 :i* ,i nev] c\ld detect any alt]ation aft] be+ /or$ 9 ! combs4 ,enemies & robb]s4--,! enemies ( bees1 already po9t$ out at p4 #aaf1 %\ld n[ h ! att5tion ( ! proprietor2 & m especially robb]-bees1 = ^! are sometimes tr\blesome at ?is season1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! hives are plac$ n suffici5tly ap>t4 ,on ?is subject we w\ld ref] to :at has be5 said at p4 #aca4 ,let a vigilant look-out be giv5 = ,que5-wasps1 n[ becom+ common1 & de/roy !m 9 any way possible2 rememb]+ t ea* ( ^! is ! p>5t ( a future family4 ,:5 ! wasps are se5 to alight1 ! use ( a g>d5 syr+e & wat] is (t5 effectual 9 disabl+ !m f fly+1 :5 !y are easily kill$4 ,sup]-hives4--,z ! season cont9ues to op51 "y bees w become num]\s1 timidly peep+ out ( ! hive1 & di/+ui%able by ! lightness ( _! col\r4 ,) g5ial wea!r1 weal? also rapidly accumulates2 & ! /rong od\r ( ! hive1 & increas$ activity ( its inmates1 atte/ ! gr[+ prosp]ity ( ! family4 ,att5tion n[ is requisite to ^! symptoms ( a ris+ temp]ature1 &1 consequ5tly1 to ! cr[d+ ( ! hive4 ,if ! glass w9d[s become s5sibly w>m1 att5d$ ) clu/]+ at ! m\?1 increas$ build+ room %\ld at once be giv51 z detail$ at pp4 #bc & #aai1 or "u ! head ( ,nadir+ /ocks2 = a f]tile ,que5 w require a l>ge proportion ( ! /ock-hive = ! purpose ( deposit+ eggs4 ,%\ld a few cold nights ensue1 ! sup]s mu/ be kept cov]$2 & m especially glasses1 :i* ! bees w des]t unless a w>m temp]ature is fully pres]v$ 9 !m4 ,i mu* d\bt ! probability ( prev5t+ ! sw>m+ ( bees1 :]e ! extra /or+ room is delay$ till royal cells h become t5ant$1 or1 p]haps1 only =m$4 ,mis*ief has also frequ5tly aris5 :]e ! bees h all at once _h a l>ge additional space giv5 !m ( too cold a temp]ature2 & (t5 r5d]$ m unacceptable by undue or ill-tim$ v5tilation1 z 9 us+ ,nutt's hives 0 (t5 ! case4 ,! same cause has sometimes op]at$ to prev5t progress ( any k9d2 & 9 a collat]al hive1 ?us manag$1 ,i witness$ ! fact t1 dur+ five or six successive seasons1 !re 0 no m bre$+ or /or+ ?an b>ely suffic$ to keep ! unhappy family 9 exi/5ce1 ! proprietor d]iv+ no b5efit :atev]4 ,temp]ature & wea!r4--,) ! advance ( ! season1 & a m abundant effloresc5ce1 ! buzz ( ! hive becomes l\d] & m g5]al1 & p>ticul>ly :5 ! family are all assembl$ at night4 ,& n[ ! ex]tions ( ! bees are call$ into action = ! purpose ( promot+ v5tilation1 & expell+ ! vitiat$ air4 ,?is !y accompli% by means ( a rapid & cont9u\s fann+1 or vibration ( _! w+s1 giv+ rise collectively to ! s\nd usually t]m$ humm+2 & :i* is readily di/+ui%able f ! %>p1 angry note emitt$ by a bee "u ! excitem5t ( irritation4 ,sometimes ! heat ( ! hives impels ! inhabitants to seek a cool] temp]ature by clu/]+ on ! outside4 ,at su* times x is (t5 well to aid 9 mod]at+ ! w>m? by slightly rais+ up ! bottom edge ( ! sup]s ) a few /rips ( wood or lead4 ,at p4 #aae1 we h giv5 "s g5]al recomm5dations relative to ! %ad+ ( expos$ hives1 n[ to be att5d$ to2 z also on ! subject ( wat]4 ,9 mo/ localities1 ! be/ "p ( ! honey season w n[ be approa*+2 & mu* consequ5tly dep5ds on ! /ate ( ! wea!r4 ,9 p>ticul>1 a preval5ce ( dry ea/]ly w9ds1 act+ on vegetation1 causes ! susp5sion ( almo/ all op]ations2 s t ! ma9 honey-/or+ "t is (t5 limit$ to ?ree or f\r weeks 9 ! season1 or frequ5tly ev5 less1 9 our unc]ta9 climate4 ,! secretion ( honey is rem>kably promot$ by an electric /ate ( ! atmosph]e4 ,hub] says truly ( ! bees3 ,i h rem>k$ t ! collection by ^! creatures is nev] m abundant1 nor _! op]ations 9 wax m active1 ?an :5 ! w9d is f ! s\?1 ! air moi/ & w>m1 & a /orm approa*+4 ,a c]ta9 comm5cem5t ( ! latt] is to be look$ = :5 ! bees are se5 rapidly hurry+ home 9 cr[ds to ! hive4 ,payne may be cit$ 9 ?is connexion4 ,i am n aw>e1 he obs]ves1 t bees h ev] be5 plac$ 9 ! li/ ( ^? animals :i* are said to =etell ! *anges ( wea!r1 z _m ( ! fea!r$ & insect tribes are2 b 9 my op9ion !y /& =emo/ ( ! wea!r-wise4 ,a nice obs]v]1 by look+ at !m 9 ! e>ly morn+ dur+ ! work+ season1 w v soon be able to =m an op9ion z to :at ! day w be1 & t almo/ to a c]ta9ty2 = !y w sometimes appe> sluggi% & inactive1 al?\gh ! morn+ is v bright1 & %[+ e appe>ance = a f9e day2 b ! sun soon becomes cl\d$1 & ra9 foll[s4 ,&1 aga91 ! morn+ may be dull & cl\dy1 & sometimes ra9 may be fall+2 /ill ! bees w be obs]v$ go+ out 9 consid]able numb]s2 & z sure z ?is is se5 ! day becomes bright & fair4 ,?\ w]t out betimes1 ?\ busy1 busy bee6 ,:5 abroad ,i took my e>ly way3 ,be=e ! c[ f h] re/+-place ,_h ris5 up1 & left h] trace ,on ! mead[1 ) dew s gray1 ,i saw !e1 ?\ busy1 busy bee6 ,?\ w]t alive1 ?\ busy1 busy bee6 ,:5 ! cr[d 9 _! sleep 7 dead ,?\ w]t abroad 9 ! fre%e/ h\r1 ,:5 ! sweete/ od\r comes f ! fl[]2 ,man w n le>n to leave 8 lifeless b$1 ,& be wise1 & copy !e1 ?\ busy1 busy bee6 ,?\ w]t work+ late1 ?\ busy1 busy bee6 ,aft] ! fall ( ! ci/us fl[]2 ,i he>d !e la/ z ,i saw !e fir/1 ,:5 ! primrose free blossom 0 ready to bur/2 ,9 ! coolness ( ! ev5+ h\r1 ,i he>d !e1 ?\ busy1 busy bee6 ,s\!y4 ,sw>m+4--,! mon? ( ,may1 9 f9e seasons1 usually br+s ) x ! p]iod ( ! greate/ int]e/ to ! proprietor1 z reg>ds ! sw>m+ /ocks ( bees2 on :i* subject we w\ld ref] to p4 #ba4 ,drones n[ beg9 to make _! appe>ance1 d>t+ out ( ! hive 9 ! middle ( w>m days1 ?\gh occasionally 9 /rong /ocks !y may be se5 9 ,april2 9 :i* ev5t e>ly sw>m+ may be look$ =4 ,! usual limits dur+ :i* sw>m+ takes place v>y 9 diff]5t localities2 b 9 g5]al !y are compris$ 9 ! mon?s ( ,may & ,june2 ?\gh 9 extraord9>y circum/ances a sw>m may issue some:at e>li]1 or a little lat] ?an ?is4 ,:5 x is expect$1 ! hive %\ld be wat*$ f t5 9 ! morn+ till two or ?ree o'clock1 aft] :i* "t sw>m+ r>ely occurs4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! bees ought n to be left = five m9utes if a hot sun int]v5e betwe5 %[]s2 = a great] pr$isposition to sw>m+ !n exi/s ?an 9 dry wea!r2 x seldom1 h[ev]1 takes place ) an ea/ or nor? w9d4 ,x is n always easy to di/+ui% ! appe>ances t prec$e a fir/ 7or prime7 sw>m1 & exp]i5c$ apiculturi/s are sometimes deceiv$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we _h access to ! int]ior ( ! hive1 ! usual "t w\ld always be f\nd 7accid5ts z to wea!r n int]f]+7 to be t 9 :i* ! l>v ( ! royal cells 7 ab\t to be trans=m$ into nymphs1 & !re9 seal$ up2 viz41 eight or n9e days be=e ! "y ,que5s are matur$2 = x is to be rememb]$ t on ! occasion ( a fir/ sw>m x is always ! old ,que5 t accompanies x4 ,! issue ( a sw>m is frequ5tly to be expect$ :5 ! bees h rema9$ = "s "t previ\sly 9 a /ate ( seem+ in]tness1 foll[$ by an unusual commotion among ! drones2 & m especially if ^! make _! appe>ance 9 ! morn+1 hang+ out ) a clu/] ( bees2 conjo9tly ) a dis9cl9ation to =ag+ abroad1 among ! work]s4 ,if1 9 addition1 ! honey previ\sly /or$ 9 a sup] is obs]v$ to disappe> sudd5ly1 sw>m+ may be anticipat$1 z ! bees load !mselves be=e leav+ home4 ,b m]e clu/]+ at ! m\? ( ! hive is n inv>iably ! precursor ( a sw>m2 & ! bees frequ5tly cont9ue to congregate 9 unmean+ idl5ess on ! outside1 ev5 ?\gh honey may be abundant4 ,9 ?is case1 says ,dr4 ,bevan1 ! clu/] may be swept into an empty hive t[>ds dusk1 & c>ri$ to a %ort di/ance f ! api>y1 :5 !y w gradually return1 & g5]ally jo9 ! family4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is (t5 only a tempor>y exp$i5t2 & ! prolong$ cont9uance ( a p]iod ( inaction frequ5tly d5otes ! abs5ce1 f abortion1 or o!r cause1 ( a "y ,que52 ! old "o n *oos+ to leave ! hive )\t ! prospect ( a successor4 ,or x may be t ! hive conta9s an unfruitful ,que51 & a weak population ) insuffici5t w>m?1 :5 little ( /ore is collect$1 & (t5 no drone eggs are produc$1 ^! be+ always ! prelim9>y ( royal cells4 ,a cont9uation ( unfavorable wea!r1 moreov]1 not)/&+ ! seal+ up ( ! ,que5-cells1 w (t5 prev5t any issue ( a sw>m2 = ! reign+ sov]eign w avail h]self ( ?is compulsory det5tion 9 sev]ally de/roy+ ! "y pr9cesses z !y are matur$4 ,an old ,que5 is p]mitt$ by ! bees to d ?is1 b x is o!rwise ) a "y "o1 till a lat] /age4 ,nei!r z to sw>m+ w ! /ate ( ! !rmomet] be an inv>iable guide4 ,i h r>ely se5 x rea* z high z #ie )9 a /ock-hive1 b ,i h obs]v$ ! issue ( sw>ms at a temp]ature f\r or five degrees bel[ ?is2 & 9 "o in/ance x occurr$ :5 ! !rmomet] rang$ b little above #hj4;,,aa ,,aa ,"s naturali/s1 & among/ !m ,hub]1 h imag9$ a mu* high] degree ( heat at ! "t ( sw>m+2 b 9 ?is !re mu/ be "s error1 = ,i h prov$ t ! combs collapse & fall at a temp]ature a little above #ajj4 ,i am almo/ a%am$ to say t ?is exp]im5t co/ me ! de/ruction ( a f9e /ock-hive4 ,x is common to imag9e t a sw>m consi/s exclusively ( ! "y bees ( ! season2 b ,nature is no su* bungl]1 or :at w\ld become ( ! p>5t /ock8 ,accord+ly1 we f9d t bees ( all ages1 & usually sev]al hundr$s ( drones1 g =? int]m+l$1 to =m ! new family4 ,x is n always an easy matt] to e/imate ! /r5g? ( a sw>m4 ,! bulk is n entirely a crit]ion1 z ! temp]ature ( ! wea!r causes ! bees to clu/] toge!r m or less closely4 ,a p9t w usually conta9 ab\t #bjjj4 ,five ?\s& bees are e/imat$ to weigh ne>ly a p\nd2 b ?is also v>ies1 = on sw>m+ !y are always provid5t en\gh to load !mselves m or less ) honey be=e _! dep>ture4 ,a good sw>m1 h[ev]1 ought to weigh ab\t f\r p\nds4 ,"s h rea*$ to six p\nds1 b ?is is r>e4 ,return+ ( sw>ms4--,cases sometimes occur 9 :i* x is ?\ght desirable to compel ! return ( a sw>m to ! /ock-hive4 ,on ?is subject we w use ! words ( ,payne4 ,! process1 says he1 is v simple1 & ,i h always f\nd x succe$4 ,z soon z ! sw>m is settl$ 9 ! hive1 turn x bottom upw>ds1 &1 if ! ,que5-bee does n make h] appe>ance 9 a few seconds1 da% ! bees out ^u a clo?1 or a gravel walk1 & ) a w9e-glass %e may be easily captur$4 ,^u ?is ! bees w return to _! p>5t hive4 ,! que5 may also v easily be tak5 dur+ ! dep>ture ( a sw>m2 = %e appe>s to leave ! hive reluctantly1 & may be se5 runn+ backw>ds & =w>ds ^u ! alight+-bo>d be=e %e takes w+4 ,i h sometimes f\nd x advantage\s1 in/ead ( a clo?1 to place on ! gr\nd f\r or five %eets ( l>ge pap]4 ,on ^! ! bees h be5 spread1 & ! %eets c>ri$ 9 opposite directions1 ?us enabl+ a bett] se>* to be made = ! ,que52 & especially 9 ! case ( a second sw>m1 = !n !re are frequ5tly ?ree or f\r4 ,:]e !re is no ,que51 ! bees w soon be 9 confusion & fly to _! orig9al home2 b 9 ! rev]se case1 %e may be discov]$ by _! congregat+ 9 "o p>ticul> "p4 ,nor is !re any dang] 9 ?us proce$+2 = ! bees1 be+ gorg$ ) honey1 are n (t5 dispos$ to attack1 ) ! precaution ( n brea?+ ^u !m4 ,moreov]1 any su* op]ation is be/ done 9 ! %ade1 z a hot sun makes ! bees less tractable at all times4 ,occasionally x might happ5 t1 on ! issu+ ( a sw>m1 ! ,que51 f inability to fly1 falls to ! gr\nd1 :5 ! bees w return to ! hive1 :i* is (t5 att5d$ ) advantage4 ,9 judg+ ( ! desirabl5ess ( compell+ ! return ( a fir/ sw>m1 we mu/ be guid$ by circum/ances4 ,%\ld x be a l>ge issue1 exp$i5cy w\ld dictate ! hiv+ x at once1 z a new colony2 = ! ,que5 may reasonably be suppos$ to be a vigor\s "o1 & a compulsory return+ ( ! bees to ! p>5t hive 7! result ( de/roy+ h]7 w\ld occasion a loss ( valuable "t2 a "y ,que5 n yet be+ 9 a /ate to comm5ce lay+ eggs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a poor sw>m might d5ote an unfruitful ,que51 to be got rid ( 9 ! way we h j po9t$ out4 ,! bees w\ld re-issue "u a "y sov]eign1 aft] ! usual int]val1 ) a l>ge accession ( numb]s1 ! produce ( ! brood matur$ 9 ! mean "t2 & ?is might h ! fur!r good effect ( prev5t+ an aft]-sw>m1 :i* is always desirable4 ,x has already be5 said t on ! occasion ( a fir/ sw>m ! old ,que5 inv>iably issues ) x4 ,x is also a fact t %e leaves no actual successor1 b t an int]regnum usually occurs ( eight or n9e days2 ! royal l>va be+ left %ort ( maturity by ?is p]iod1 unless bad wea!r has int]pos$ to delay ! issu+ ( ! sw>m1 9 :i* ev5t ?is int]val may be mu* %ort5$2 x is also subject to ext5sion "u c]ta9 cont+5cies ( wea!r4 ,! fir/ pr9cess t is subsequ5tly lib]at$ f h] cell becomes ! future mi/ress ( ! hive1 unless %e leaves x ) an aft]-issue2 = ! law ( primog5iture has be5 obs]v$ to be /rictly foll[$4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t no regal disagreem5t c occur except 9 ! cases ( aft]-sw>ms1 :5 a ,que5 return+ to ! /ock-hive might *ance to f9d a rival1 & w\ld h to conte/ h] way to ! supremacy4 ,aft]-sw>ms4--,x is n an unusual ?+ to he> a boa/ ( a numb] ( sw>ms f a /ock-hive2 b no?+ is prov$ by ?is beyond ! fact1 t a ?riv+ community has be5 weak5$ 7if n de/roy$7 by too mu* subdivision4 ,! proprietor1 !re=e1 mu/ n imag9e t 8 c>e is end$ ) ! return ( a sw>m to ! p>5t hive4 ,?\gh "o ,que5 has be5 remov$1 sev]al successors are usually at h&1 & sw>m+ may occur aga9 & aga91 s long z m ?an "o is left4 ,! hive mu/ be wat*$ m especially f ! eigh? to ab\t ! twelf? day f ! dep>ture ( a fir/ sw>m1 aft] :i* ano!r r>ely issues2 ! probability1 or r ! c]ta9ty1 !n be+1 t ! fir/-lib]at$ "y ,que5 has succe$$ 9 de/roy+ ! o!rs--an ev5t always to be desir$4 ,b ! symptoms :i* prec$e a second issue are m unequivocal ?an ^? 9 ! previ\s case4 ,! "y pr9cesses are n[ arriv+ at maturity1 & two or m may be ready to come =? at ! same "t2 impati5tly await+ ! assi/ance ( ! bees to lib]ate !m f imprisonm5t2 =1 unlike ! work]s & drones1 !y are n all[$ by _! own volition to leave _! cells4 ,9 ?is /ate ( conf9em5t !y are objects ( great solicitude1 & are suppli$ ) food ?r\gh a small orifice 9 _! cocoon1 till "o ( !m is set at lib]ty1 :i* is nev] till %e is able to fly4 ,at ?is precise p]iod1 a s+ul> & pla9tive call or croak1 proce$+ f ! "y ,que5s1 may be he>d1 (t5 at a di/ance ( sev]al feet f ! hive1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 ! ev5+4 ,^! notes are ( two k9ds1 accord+ z ! pr9cesses emit !m f )\t or )9 _! cells4 ,= want ( a m di/9ctive t]m1 ^! s\nds h obta9$ ! "n ( pip+4 ,to ,hub] we are l>gely indebt$ = ! k we possess z reg>ds ?is peculi>ity 9 ! natural hi/ory ( ! bee2 & 8 obs]vations h s9ce receiv$ abundant confirmation1--p]haps f no api>ian m satisfactorily ?an f ,mr4 ,gold+4 ,! fir/ note ( pip+ he>d1 says ! latt]1 is l[ & pla9tive1 & is utt]$ by ! pr9cess already at lib]ty1 & ,i h frequ5tly se5 h] emit x4 ,%e trav]ses ! hive1 /opp+ ^u or ne> ! royal cells :i* /ill conta9 brood1 & emits h] long pla9tive note4 ,?is1 :5 ! o!r "y ,que5s are suffici5tly =w>d 7g5]ally 9 ab\t two days71 is answ]$ by !m f )9 _! cells1 9 a quick1 %ort1 ho>se note4 ,aft] ^! la/ h be5 he>d = ab\t two days1 ! sw>m may be expect$ to come (f4 ,^! s\nds1 !re=e1 9 ! words ( ,keys1 convey to ! api>ian "o c]ta9 w>n+1 t :5 he>d1 he may be assur$ ! fir/ or prime sw>m has escap$4 ,b univ]sal z ?is rule has be5 consid]$1 x has n be5 entirely )\t exception2 = 9 a /ock-hive ( ,dr4 ,bevan's1 9 ! rem>kable season ( #aheb1 sw>m+ _h be5 s long prev5t$ by bad wea!r1 t a "y ,que5 became lib]at$1 & escap+ into a sup]1 pip+ 0 ! consequ5ce = two days be=e ! issue ( a prime sw>m4 ,aft]-sw>ms are frequ5tly accompani$ by m ?an "o "y ,que52 (t5 by ?ree or f\r1 & always 9 ! virg9 /ate4 ,inde$1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,gold+1 x w\ld appe> t all :i* are ready to quit _! cells 7"o only1 be x rememb]$1 be+ at lib]ty 9 ! hive1 until ! mom5t ( sw>m+7 g (f ) ! sw>m2 leav+ ! m =w>d ( ! y\ng] pr9cesses to come (f ) subsequ5t sw>ms1 or 'fight out' _! title to ! sov]eignty ( ! p>5t /ock at home4 ,a ?ird & ev5 a f\r? issue sometimes takes place1 ! int]v5+ p]iods successively becom+ %ort]1 & m pip+ be+ he>d4 ,z all ! royal cells mu/ h be5 t5ant$ be=e ! old ,que5 dep>t$ f ! hive1 x foll[s t f sixte5 to eighte5 days comprise ! limit dur+ :i*1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 sw>m+ c occur2 & !nce=? ! ,que5-bee is mute = ! ye>4 ,moreov]1 ! work] brood orig9ally left 9 ! hive w n[1 or 9 a few days1 be matur$1 leav+ ! combs less occupi$1 probably 9 any way1 ?an at any o!r p]iod ( ! ye>1 until ! "y reign+ ,que5 is 9 a condition aga9 to /ock !m ) eggs4 ,?is /ate ( ! hive is !re=e consid]$ by "s z ! mo/ favorable = exam9ation & excision ( old combs1 & o!r op]ations usually att5d$ to 9 ! spr+4 ,i h kn[n pip+ aft] a second sw>m has dep>t$1 :]e no ?ird issue has foll[$4 ,! second sw>m1 h[ev]1 9 ?is in/ance1 0 re/or$ to ! /ock-hive on ! same ev5+1 toge!r ) "o ,que54 ,?is is (t5 ! be/ "t = mak+ a reunion ( aft]-sw>ms2 = ,i h usually f\nd t all ! ,que5s except "o are eject$ on ! day ( sw>m+3 %e1 be+ /rong] ?an ^? /ill 9 ! p>5t hive1 is able to de/roy !m on h] return to x4 ,if a clo? is spread on a table1 plac$ 9 front ( ! old hive1 at dusk1 ! bees ( ! sw>m c be j]k$ out ^u x1 & guid$ to its m\?4 ,9 two h\rs aft] ! reunion j m5tion$1 pip+ f a ,que5 at lib]ty 0 he>d4 ,! next day two "y ,que5s 7 eject$2 "o ( !m torn f its cell1 n hav+ atta9$ its full gr[?4 ,f ! o!r ! /+ 0 protrud+1 evid5tly ! result ( a rec5t combat4 ,pip+ 0 aga9 he>d on ! foll[+ morn+2 & soon aft]1 ano!r pr9cess1 d\btless ! la/1 0 ca/ out ( ! hive1 :i* ,i took away /ill alive2 mak+ five 9 all1 s9ce ! issue ( ! fir/ sw>m4 ,we may obs]ve t :5 sw>m+ has tak5 place m ?an once1 ! orig9al utilit>ian pr9ciple no long] impels ! bees to gu>d ! royal cells2 ! reign+ pr9cess be+ !n p]mitt$ to te> !m op5 & de/roy any prospective rival4 ,no po9t has be5 bett] e/abli%$1 ?an ! fact record$ by ,hub]1 z to ! de/ruction ( ! sup]num]>y "y ,que5s by _! combat+ toge!r2 ! sov]eignty rema9+ ) ! s+le survivor4 ,9 ord]1 says ,hub]1 t at no "t !re may be a plurality ( females 9 a hive1 ,nature has inspir$ ,que5s ) an innate invet]acy aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,!y nev] meet )\t endeav\r+ to fight1 & accompli% _! mutual de/ruction4 ,if "o combatant is old] ?an ! re/1 %e is /rong]1 & ! advantage w be ) h]4 ,%e w de/roy h] rivals successively z produc$4 ,!nce1 if ! old ,que5 did n leave ! hive be=e ! "y ones und]go _! la/ metamorphosis1 x c\ld produce no m sw>ms1 & ! species w\ld p]i%4 ,x is n cle> by :at in/9ct bees are guid$ z respects aft]-sw>ms1 or r z to ! con/ruction ( royal cells2 =1 z has be5 %[n1 ^! ab\nd mu* m 9 "s hives ?an 9 o!rs4 ,! repeat$ issues occasion$ by ! pres5ce ( sup]num]>y "y ,que5s1 al?\gh !re has previ\sly be5 a rapid developm5t ( brood1 n only leaves a hive comp>atively depopulat$1 b ! succession ( int]regnums is mis*iev\s z op]at+ to susp5d1 n bre$+ alone1 b almo/ entirely ! ga!r+ ( honey4 ,a diff]5t k9d ( in/9ct appe>s to direct ! bees ?an is obs]vable at ! "t ( ! orig9al issue2 = ! "y ,que5s w dep>t 9 wea!r t w\ld be ?\ght unfavorable = ! issu+ ( an old "o4 ,! reason seems evid5t1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,gold+2 = :5 ! prop] age ( ! "y ,pr9cesses has arriv$1 ! sw>m mu/ g (f1 or n at all1 z ! y\ng] w\ld be de/roy$ by ! elde/4 ,z a natural consequ5ce1 !re is evid5tly less ( =esight z reg>ds ! future place ( abode4 ,:]e s mu* ( prud5ce & seem+ intellig5ce are disc]nible 9 all ! proce$+s ( ^! wond]ful insects1 x is h>dly to be expect$ t m]e *ance %\ld direct on s important an occasion z ! *ange ( resid5ce2 al?\gh :5 a sw>m sudd5ly f9ds itself 9 a com=table dwell+1 by ! act ( hiv+1 x is r>ely incl9$ to rel9qui% x4 ,a hive conta9+ a few combs1 plac$ 9 ! season ne> an api>y1 is almo/ c]ta9 to receive a colony1 :i* w sometimes fly to x at once1 )\t any previ\s clu/]+4,,ab ,! in/ances are num]\s ( prime sw>ms proce$+ a consid]able di/ance to a new domicile1 c>efully inspect$ & clean$ be=eh&4 ,i 0 an eye-witness to an example ( ?is1 :]e ! bees1 tak+ a dislike to ! hive 9 :i* !y _h be5 h\s$1 soon aft] quitt$ x2 &1 m\nt+ high 9 ! air1 flew 9 a direct l9e to ! ro( ( a *ur* ne>ly a mile di/ant4 ,b an aft]-sw>m appe>s to h little or no?+ ( prep>ation2 & has be5 kn[n1 9 seem+ p]plexity1 to comm5ce comb-build+ 9 ! bu% on :i* x _h alight$4 ,,ab ,9 ! g>d5 ( a fri5d /ood an unt5ant$ hive1 9 :i* 7 a few empty combs4 ,"s /raggl+ /range bees 7 obs]v$ hov]+ ab\t & 9 x1 = sev]al successive days2 &1 at my sugge/ion1 ! hive 0 left undi/urb$4 ,on ! day foll[+1 a f9e sw>m ( bees sudd5ly made its appe>ance1 und\bt$ly f a di/ance1 & ent]$ ! hive4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 a few hundr$s1 or p]haps doz5s1 ( pione]s alone c\ld h be5 9 ! secret z to ! locality ( ! *os5 domicile to :i* !y s sagaci\sly conduct$ _! ,que5 & a community ( p]haps #bj1jjj bees4 ,unit+ ( ,sw>ms4--,x has be5 %[n t x is easy to compel ! return ( a sw>m ( bees to ! p>5t hive2 b _! rema9+ !re dep5ds mu* ^u accid5tal circum/ances4 ,we h se5 t sev]al "y ,que5s are (t5 only wait+ _! "t & opportunity to leave _! cells & dep>t f ! hive2 & till all ^! are 9 "s way or o!r dispos$ (1 !re c be no progress made 9 ! family4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 _m p]sons ?9k x be/ to hive all sw>ms 9 ! usual way1 & to /r5g!n ! lat] ones by jo9+ two or ?ree ( !m toge!r2 =1 sep>ately1 ^! are r>ely ( any value4 ,9 cases :]e m ?an "o aft]-sw>m or subdivid$ sw>m1 comes out on ! same day1 ea* c (t5 ) little difficulty be %ak5 into ! same hive1 at ! "t3 or ! bran*es on :i* su* sw>ms clu/] may be cut (f1 & br\ght to "o hive4 ,o!rwise1 a g5]ally c]ta9 me?od ( union may be resort$ to at night4 ,at any "t1 )9 a few days aft] ! fir/ sw>m has be5 e/abli%$1 ano!r may be add$ to x4 ,on ! same ev5+ ( ! issue1 9 front ( ! "o to :i* x is to be jo9$1 place a table1 ov] :i* spread a clo?4 ,by a sudd5 & sm>t /roke ! bees may be displac$ f ! second hive1 & w fall on ! table 9 a lump4 ,take ! fir/-hiv$ colony & place x ov] !m1 rais+ x a little at ! bottom1 :5 ! bees bel[ w asc5d & jo9 x1 =m+ "o family4 ,9 mov+ ?is hive1 let x be done ) caution1 = ! combs1 be+ at pres5t new & brittle1 are o!rwise apt to fall d[n4 ,x is seldom t any qu>rel takes place if ! bus9ess be done prop]ly2 b "s p]sons ?9k t a little smoke previ\sly bl[n into bo? ! hives1 has a t5d5cy to prev5t fight+4 ,e>ly ! next morn+ move ! hive back to its =m] position1 :5 "o ( ! ,que5s w h be5 depos$4 ,9 ?us unit+ sw>ms1 ! d\bl$ colony %\ld always occupy ! fir/ hive4 ,z a g5]al rule1 x may be rem>k$1 t ! mode ! mo/ likely to succe$ is t 9 :i* ! bees are sudd5ly bl5d$ toge!r1 )\t space or opportunity = individual recognition or fight+1 bee aga9/ bee2 b x mu/ be done :5 ! fir/ hive conta9s b a few combs4 ,9 ?is place x may be notic$1 t 9 an api>y :]e a weak & sluggi% old /ock is n[ obs]v$1 opportunity c be tak5 to add to its numb]s1 by unit+ to x an aft]-sw>m1 9 ! mode j po9t$ out2 ?\gh "s p]sons w\ld pref] puff+ a little smoke to bo? p>ties4 ,if ei!r ,que5 be remov$1 ! /rang]s w usually be well receiv$1 & ?is accession ( numb]s is almo/ c]ta9 to lead to a va/ly increas$ action & indu/ry4 ,l mo/ o!r op]ations on bees1 ! mode ( unit+ sw>ms admits ( v>iety1 accord+ to *oice & circum/ance2 & "s api>ians pref] to drive !m1 9 ! way = :i* g5]al directions h be5 giv5 at page #aeb2 a plan t may be resort$ to almo/ at any "t4 ,ano!r mode ( junction c be effect$ by ! aid ( a %eet ( p]=at$ z9c1 ins]t$ betwe5 ! two hives ab\t to be unit$4 ,!re is little reason to d\bt t ! memb]s ( ea* colony ( bees are di/+ui%able among/ !mselves by a c]ta9 peculi>ity ( od\r1 :i*1 if assimilat$1 appe>s to h ! effect ( prev5t+ mutual diss5sion4 ,:5 ! con/ruction1 !re=e1 ( ! hives admits ( _! be+ br\ght into juxtaposition1 ! p]=at$ z9c all[s a free circulation ( sc5t betwe5 !m1 )\t p]mitt+ actual contact ( ! bees4 ,aft] leav+ matt]s 9 ?is position = two or ?ree days1 ,i h usually f\nd1 on )draw+ ! z9c divid]1 t no di/urbance has ensu$4 ,prev5tion ( ,aft]-sw>ms4--,:]e ! con/ruction ( ! hive admits ( x1 no d\bt ! repetition ( sw>m+ may be prev5t$ by depriv+ x ( ! royal cells4 ,"u ! head ,b>-,hives1 we h allud$ to ! facilities giv5 = ?is object2 & x may be done imm$iately on ! issu+ ( a sw>m1 :5 b a small portion ( ! bees w rema9 9 x4 ,let ! cov] be unscrew$1 & mov$ sideways z requir$1 puff+ 9 "s smoke on ea* side ! combs1 :i* mu/ be lift$ sep>ately1 beg9n+ fir/ at "o end ( ! hive1 & !n ! o!r1 s z to "w to ! c5tre4 ,cut out ! ,que5 cells z y proce$1 replac+ ! b>4 ,a qu>t] ( an h\r w suffice = ! op]ation4 ,9 ! mean:ile1 ! sw>m may be hiv$ 9 ! usual way1 & aft]w>ds p]man5tly return$2 = h] maje/y has n[ no alt]native2 /ay at home1 z ,mr4 ,gold+ says1 %e mu/4 ,or1 he cont9ues1 aft] ! fir/ sw>m is gone (f1 subsequ5t ones may be prev5t$ 9 ?is way3 s soon z ! long note ( pip+ has be5 he>d1 cut away at ! royal cells4 ,! "y pr9cess1 already at lib]ty1 w !n rema9 ,que5 ( ! /ock4 ,maid5 ,sw>ms4--,"u peculi> circum/ances ( e>ly season & situation1 a prime sw>m w occasionally s5d =? ano!r1 ! orig9al ,que5 aga9 go+ ) x2 9 su* in/ances1 t]m$ a maid5 sw>m2 r>ely1 h[ev]1 ( mu* value4 ,9 ?is case1 says ,dr4 ,bevan1 x usually occurs betwe5 ! tw5ty-eigh? & ?irtie? day ( its e/abli%m5t4 ,! only indication ( ! approa* ( su* an issue1 besides ^? already enum]at$1 is ! work]-combs1 ) :i* fir/ sw>ms g5]ally /ore _! hives1 becom+ edg$ ) drone-cells4 ,inde$1 an indisp5sable condition necess>y to a maid5 sw>m is a ,que51 capable ( produc+ drones2 & ?is r>ely happ5s 9 ! case ( a "y "o4 ,g5]al ,directions on ,sw>m+4--,an absurd cu/om is v g5]al ( beat+ a metal pan1 or "s su* sonor\s ?+1 usually call$ tang+1 on ! occasion ( bee-sw>m+4 ,! practice1 d\btless1 orig9at$ 9 ! precaution =m]ly obs]v$ ( r++ a bell1 or giv+ "s signal ( ! flight ( bees1 ) a view to an id5tification ( ! prop]ty 9 case ( its /ray+ to a di/ance4 ,by degrees ! idea became preval5t t ! bees !mselves 7 ! p>ties int]e/$ 9 ! hubbub2 b z reg>ds !m x is worse ?an useless1 & frequ5tly prev5ts _! settl+ s soon z !y w\ld d if left quietly to !mselves4 ,! dr5*+ or ano9t+ ( a hive1 int5d$ = a sw>m1 ) any k9d ( mat]ial1 is ano!r common practice mu* bett] avoid$4 ,a dry clean hive is pref]able2 only1 if ( /raw1 cutt+ (f ! loose ends4 ,z respects ! precise mode ( h\s+ a sw>m1 no directions w meet all cases4 ,aft] ru%+ 9 great app>5t excitem5t f ! family domicile1 ! bees =m a cl\d 9 ! air1 :eel+ ab\t 9 a ?\s& directions1 & exhibit+ a sc5e ( ! greate/ animation2 !n1 = ! purpose ( assembl+ toge!r1 !y alight & clu/] r\nd ! ,que5 t has accompani$ !m1 usually on a bu% or bran* ( a l[ tree4 ,! hive mu/ n[ be put close "u ! sw>m1 into :i* x is easily %ak52 or1 accord+ to circum/ances1 swept ) a light bru%1 :i* is all ! bett] if made ( v f9e %av+s2 b c>e %\ld be tak5 n to cru% any bees4 ,! success ( ! op]ation dep5ds ^u ! inclusion ( ! ,que51 :5 ! new family w soon collect ) h]1 )9 ! hive1 on plac+ ?is 9 its prop] position1 a little rais$ on "o side1 & %ad$ 9 "s way f ! sun4 ,on ! occasion ( sw>m+1 bees are seldom mu* incl9$ to use _! /+s1 unless irritat$ by w9d4 ,! hiv+ ought n to be delay$1 especially ) a hot sun1 or ! bees w\ld soon aga9 take w+1 p]haps = a long flight1 & be hopelessly lo/4 ,a some:at l>g] hive may be select$ = a full-siz$ e>ly sw>m ?an = a lat] "o4 ,9 case a sw>m returns to ! p>5t hive1 :i* sometimes happ5s1 let ! latt] be wat*$1 = x w soon re-issue1 & p]haps on ! same day4 ,occasionally a sw>m w divide & settle 9 two p>ts1 :i*1 if ne> toge!r1 c be %ak5 into "o hive4 ,o!rwise a junction may be made at night1 9 ! way po9t$ out at page #aic4 ,an obs]vance ( ! advice ( ,gelieu1 & o!rs1 is to be recomm5d$1 n to all[ ! sw>m to rema9 :]e x _h be5 hiv$ till ! ev5+1 z is cu/om>y1 b to place x at once1 z soon z settl$1 or )9 a qu>t] ( an h\r1 on ! spot 7if at h&7 x is de/9$ to occupy4 ,9 sultry wea!r raise ! hive a little to admit air1 especially if a l>ge sw>m4 ,:5 fir/ hiv$1 x is curi\s to obs]ve ! caution ) :i* bees m>k ! site ( _! new position1 mak+ circuits 9 ! air1 wid] & wid]1 till !y cle>ly und]/& ! locality4 ,hav+ done ?is1 !y are mu* p]plex$ at any subsequ5t removal ( _! dwell+2 nor d !y ev]1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 re-ent] ! orig9al p>5t-hive4 ,we may say a ^w z to ! practice ( "s proprietors1 ) a view ( giv+ additional /r5g? to a rec5t sw>m3 ! /ock-hive f :5ce ! issue took place is mov$ to a little di/ance1 & imm$iately t ! sw>m is settl$ 9 its new hive1 ! latt] is plac$ on ! site :i* ! o!r _h j left4 ,! outly+ bees1 on return+ home1 w ( c\rse fly to ! orig9al spot1 jo9+ & /r5g!n+ ! new family4 ,! old "o mu/ necess>ily be weak5$ 9 ! same proportion1 b x w soon be recruit$ by ! maturation ( ! brood :i* x is sure to conta94 ,sometimes ?is %ift+ ( ! /ock-hive has be5 all[$ to be p]man5t2 :il/1 9 o!r in/ances1 x has be5 f\nd m exp$i5t only to d x = two or ?ree h\rs imm$iately foll[+ ! sw>m+4 ,! hives %\ld1 "u ! latt] supposition1 !n be made to *ange places1 & no bees w\ld be lo/1 z "o or ! o!r ( ! two positions w\ld be s\ght by !m4 ,x may be well to ref] ! read] to :at has be5 said at page #ajh1 relative to ! occasional necessity t might exi/ = fe$+ a newly-hiv$ family ( bees4 ,artificial ,sw>m+4--,_m apiculturi/s h practis$ ! mak+ ( :at h be5 t]m$ artificial sw>ms ( bees2--9 o!r words1 h compell$ !m to leave ! p>5t hive soon] ?an !y w\ld h done 9 _! own natural way4 ,:at is m common ?an to see a l>ge bun* ( bees hang+ 9 idl5ess1 (t5 = weeks1 on ! outside ( a /ock-hive1 at ! be/ "p ( ! season4 ,is x n a great ga9 if we c contrive 9 "s way to set ?is unpr(itable community to "w1 9 a new home8 ,! advantages ( e>ly sw>ms h be5 already po9t$ out1 & 9 our unc]ta9 climate ! risk is (t5 great1 ei!r ( los+ !m altoge!r1 or ( _! com+ too late = ! pr9cipal season ( blossom+4 ,su* consid]ations h l$ to ! compulsory sy/em1 :i* may1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 (t5 be successfully resort$ to by ! practis$ h&1 b o!rwise1 x is sc>cely to be wond]$ at t failure sometimes ensues4 ,diff]5t op]ators h succe$$ 9 diff]5t ways ( proce$+2 & we w briefly po9t out "s ( !m4 ,! rais+ ( a "y ,que5 f work] l>v has be5 already describ$ "u ! head ,que5 ,bee2 & = ! purpose we h n[ imm$iately 9 view1 we w suppose ! use ( a b>-hive1 z ! "o be/ adapt$2 ! "t ( ye> be+ t :5 x is asc]ta9$ to conta9 eggs & "y l>v1 bo? ( work]s & drones4 ,a comb mu/ be ab/ract$ f a full box1 & put into an empty "o1 c>e be+ tak5 t x is n all[$ to *ill dur+ removal4 ,9 describ+ ! subsequ5t process1 we may adopt ! words ( ,dr4 ,bevan4 ,t[>ds noon ( a f9e day1 or almo/ at any "t1 if ! bees clu/] out mu* 7= !re ought to be pl5ty ( !m71 let a /ock-hive be remov$ to a di/ance1 & a sp>e hive or box be put 9 its place1 to "o b> ( :i* is atta*$ a comb conta9+ work]-eggs1 or v "y l>v ( ! same sex 7bett] /ill if ! hive conta9 also "o or two o!r work] combs72 ! outli]s1 or ! bees t are abroad1 or bo?1 w !n ent] ! new habitation1 clu/] r\nd ! brood1 con/ruct "o or m royal cells1 & raise a "y sov]eign3 & ?us1 if ! season be favorable1 =m a fl\ri%+ /ock2 :il/ ! old remov$ family1 ) b5eficially r$uc$ numb]s1 w soon be reconcil$ to _! new situation4 ,b we may (t5 proce$ a /ep fur!r1 & at once ensure ! pres5ce 9 ! new hive ( an embryo sov]eign1 by inspect+ a /ock ab\t ! "t ( clos+ up ! royal cells1 & deprive x ( a comb1 conta9+ "o or m ( ^!1 z allud$ to "u ! section ,prev5tion ( ,aft]-sw>ms4 ,9 ?is way ! d\ble advantage w be ga9$ ( ensur+ great] c]ta9ty1 & sav+ valuable "t2 =1 f ! comm5cem5t ( ! process ( rais+ a ,que5 f ! worm1 to ! p]iod at :i* "y bees may be look$ =--h] prog5y--c sc>cely be less ?an sev5 weeks4 ,artificial sw>m-mak+ is sometimes successfully accompli%$ by means ( driv+ ! bees2 to ! g5]al pr9ciples ( :i* process we h direct$ att5tion at page #aeb4 ,a div]sity 9 ! objects to be obta9$1 ( c\rse1 leads to a little alt]ation 9 ! details ( ! proce$+s2 & we h n[ 9 view1 n1 z be=e1 ! creation ( a "y ,que5 9 ! new hive1 b =c+ ! old "o into ! latt]4 ,dr4 ,dunb> ?us n>rates 8 own me?od ( proc$ure1 & :i* w usually be f\nd to answ]4 ,we c>ri$1 says he1 ! full hive into a d>k place1 turn$ x up1 fix$ x 9 ! frame ( a *air f :i* ! bottom _h be5 remov$1 plac$ an empty hive ov] x1 m\? to m\?1 & p>tially drove x4 ,z soon z we p]ceiv$ t ab\t half ( ! bees _h asc5d$ into ! empty hive 7kn[+ t 9 ^! cases ! ,que5 is g5]ally among/ ! =emo/71 we imm$iately replac$ ! old hive on its =m] /ation1 & remov$ ! new "o1 n[ conta9+ ! ,que51 to a little di/ance4 ,z ! =m] _h pl5ty ( eggs & brood1 !y 7 at no loss to procure ano!r ,que52 :il/ ! o!r1 hav+ a ,que51 proce$$ to "w 9 all respects z a natural sw>m4 ,to avoid annoyance1 & loss ( ! =ag+ bees1 z !y cont9ue to return homew>ds1 dur+ ! process ( ! prec$+ op]ation1 x is well to set an empty hive 7or x may h a few combs7 on ! site j be=e occupi$ by ! p>5t /ock4 ,! bees w be 9 no v placid mood1 & ?is piece ( deception has a t5d5cy to div]t _! att5tion tempor>ily1 till ! re-e/abli%m5t ( _! old h\se re/ores !m to _! prop] home4 ,"s op]ators s f> dep>t f ! mode ( proce$+ we h describ$ z to pref] plac+ ! newly driv5 sw>m1 possess+ ! ,que51 on ! old site4 ,9 su* case ! orig9al /ock-hive is remov$ to a little di/ance1 & ! entrance door /opp$ up1 b rais+ ! bottom edge suffici5tly to admit a suffici5cy ( air only1 ) b little ( light or sun4 ,! bees ?us conf9$ are left undi/urb$ dur+ two days1 & w probably h sp5t _! "t 9 f\nd+ a prospective new mon>*y4 ,!y may !n be safely aga9 tru/$ abroad1 = 9 _! anxiety ab\t ! requirem5ts ( ! provisional gov]nm5t1 !y w no m tr\ble _! old companions4 ,ano!r v>iation ( plan1 recomm5d$ by "s1 is1 in/ead ( %utt+ up ei!r portion ( ! bees1 imm$iately to convey ^? driv5 into ! new hive1 to a di/ance ( n less ?an a mile1 leav+ ! orig9al position = ! old "o4,,ac ,,ac ,i may "h n inappropriately call att5tion to a subject t\*$ ^u by ,mr4 ,gold+4 ,8 rem>ks are borne out by my own obs]vation2 & ,i believe x w\ld be = mutual b5efit 7 bee-keep]s1 resid5t a few miles ap>t1 occasionally to ex*ange sw>ms 9 ! season4 ,i make no apology = introduc+ a passage f ! ',%ill+ ,bee-,book4' ,?\gh ,i c give no satisfactory reasons = ! fact1 yet x c]ta9ly is "o1 t bees br\ght f a di/ance v g5]ally ?rive bett] ?an families long domicil$ on ! spot4 ,i am borne out 9 ?is op9ion by ! concurr5t te/imony ( my api>ian fri5ds4 ,:e!r !y ply m vigor\sly on f9d+ !mselves 9 a /range situation1 or :at c be ! reason1 ,i leave o!rs to guess at4 ,an ,am]ican au?or obs]ves on ?is subject1 ,i am /rongly p]suad$ t ! decay ( _m /ocks may be attribut$ to ! fact t ! bees h become enfeebl$ by close bre$+4 ,! cultivator %\ld gu>d aga9/ ?is evil by occasionally *ang+ 8 /ocks4 ,illu/ration ,divid+ ,b>-,hive4--,s f> we are suppos$ to h proce$$ 9 =c+ artificial sw>ms ) hives ( ! usual k9d4 ,b an idea has (t5 be5 sugge/$ ( hav+ boxes s made z to be divisible v]tically into equal halves2 &1 9 ?is way1 to create ! basis ( two di/9ct families )\t sw>m+4 ,su* hives are allud$ to by v>i\s au?ors1 &1 among/ !m1 by ,dr4 ,dunb> & ,dr4 ,bevan2 b we h hi!rto _h no guide z to any intelligible details ( con/ruction2 & on ^! dep5ds ! possibility ( proce$+ ) advantage4 ,my own views on ! subject induc$ me to ?9k t my eight-b> hive1 already describ$1 possess$1 ) a little modification1 ! requir$ facilities2 &1 inde$1 ,i "k ( no o!r t c\ld be s adapt$4 ,moreov]1 z ! orig9al dim5sions are pres]v$1 ! o!r boxes & all adjuncts rema9 z detail$ at p4 #ed1 s t ! hive c be us$ )\t ref]5ce to ! provision made = subdivid+ x2 ?is be+ altoge!r a sup]-add$ advantage4 ,! *ief novelty is 9 ! /ock-box1 :i*1 ) its cov]1 is cut f front to back into two equal p>ts1 b s z n to alt] ! regul> int]spac+ ( ! b>s1 f\r ( :i* w ( c\rse app]ta9 to ea* comp>tm5t4 ,9 addition to ! usual side-w9d[s1 !re %\ld be a small "o at ! back ( bo? ! half-boxes4 ,! hive-bo>d mu/ also be divid$1 s z to be lift$ up ea* half indep5d5tly ( ! o!r4 ,cross b>s are app5d$ on ! und]nea? side ( ! bo>ds1 ! ends meet+ 9 ! c5tre4 ,a groove is "h not*$ out f ! upp] side ( ! extremities ( ! cross b>s1 to receive a moveable tongue1 z x may be call$1 ( half-in* wood & an in* wide1 ins]t$ f beh9d1 & pass+ ?r\gh to ! front4 ,! tongue connects ! half-bo>ds toge!r on "o level1 & =ms a jo9t bel[4 ,! entrance = ! bees is 9 ! c5tre1--half be+ cut out ( ea* bo>d2 ?\gh1 probably1 "s p]sons might pref] to h1 in/ead1 a small] "o at ! two out] extremities4 ,9 ord] to /iff5 & s]ve z a /ay or tie at ! divid$ ends1 ,i h f\nd ! utility ( a piece ( v /rong t9n$ wire1 cross+ ea* half-box1 horizontally4 ,all t is ne$$ is to cut ! wire into ! requisite l5g?s1 turn ! ends at a "r angle1 & drive !m flu% into ! wood2 :]e1 z !y fall )9 ! space betwe5 ! two c5tral b>s1 !y are n at all 9 ! way4 ,a ref]5ce to ! illu/ration w be f\nd suffici5tly explanatory1 ! two half-boxes be+ %[n a little sep>at$4 ,:5 plac$ toge!r1 to =m "o hive1 !y are held 9 position by means ( ! c5tre-bo>d1 cov]+ ! :ole top1 & secur$ at ! f\r corn]s by means ( iron p9s go+ d[n ?r\gh ! c5tre-bo>d & ! project+ edge ( ! cr[n-bo>d ( ! boxes4 ,on ! occasion ( hiv+ a sw>m1 = ! purpose ( /ock+ ! divid+-hive1 a cord or /rap mu/ be pass$ r\nd ! :ole1 & guide-combs %\ld be us$2 = successful subsequ5t sep>ation ( ! two halves dep5ds altoge!r ^u ! regul> work+ ( ! combs 9 /raight l9es ^u ! b>s4 ,x w naturally occur1 t to c>ry out ! design ( a ,divid+ ,hive e "p mu/ h its duplicate1 s t f\r halves1 bo>ds1 c41 are necess>y2 ea* made s precisely alike z to fit & be atta*$ to any o!r half-box4 ,we mu/ suppose ! "t ( ye> to be arriv$ 7usually 9 ,may7 :5 ! combs are well fill$ ) brood1 bo? ( work] & drone bees4 ,9 ! middle1 or1 z "s w\ld pref]1 ! ev5+1 ( a f9e day1 ! two halves ( ! hive c be sep>at$4 ,to effect ?is ) z little di/urbance z possible1 two divid]s may be us$4 ,^! are made ( /rong1 well-flatt5$ %eet z9c or t91 ! full size ( ! box1 9 l5g?2 & deep en\gh to include ! hive-bo>d1 besides an in* at ! top edge to sp>e4 ,?is latt] "p %\ld be turn$ back1 z a rim or flan*1 at a "r angle1 z se5 9 ! illu/ration4 ,comm5ce by )draw+ ! wood5 tongue und]nea? ! hive-bo>d1 & remov+ ! c5tre-bo>d2 !n1 ) a ?9 knife-blade1 ! half-boxes c be loos5$ at _! po9t ( junction2 n all[+ ! knife to ent] beyond ! ?ickness ( ! wood4 ,?is done1 g5tly ins]t "o ( ! divid+ plates horizontally f beh9d1 its :ole l5g?2 !re be+ no ob/ruction1 unless ! combs are work$ across ! b>s4 ,! o!r divid] is to be pu%$ 9 9 a simil> way1 ! flan*es re/+ respectively "r & left on ! upp] edge ( ea* half-box4 ,! latt] may !n be mov$ ap>t on _! bo>ds 9 safety4 ,an empty half-box is to be adju/$ to ea* ( ! full halves1 :5 ! divid]s may be )drawn4 ,we h ?us two families1 :i* mu/ be mov$ "s di/ance ap>t4 ,! ,que5 w1 ( c\rse1 be 9 "o ( !m2 &1 probably1 ,que5 l>v 9 ! o!r1 or 9 bo? halves4 ,a little tapp+ w s]ve to %[ ! position ( ! ,que51 z ! bees w soon become quiet :]e %e is1 :il/ 9 ! que5less box confusion w cont9ue to prevail4 ,! latt] %\ld !n be put on ! orig9al /&1 to receive ! =ag+ bees z !y return home2 :il/ ! pres5ce ( ! old ,que5 w secure a suffici5cy 9 ! o!r hive1 :i* may be plac$ at a little di/ance4 ,9 ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 prep>ation w h comm5c$ = f\nd+ "o or m royal cells1 if requir$1 9 ! que5less half-hive2 & ?us a new colony w arise1 )\t sw>m+4,,ad ,,ad ,! divid+ hive1 & "s o!r inv5tions describ$ 9 ! ',bee-keep]'s ,manual1' may be se5 at ,messrs4 ,neighb\r & ,sons1 #abg1 ,high ,holborn1 & #adi1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,london4 ,,bee-,,protector4 ,x ought to be rem>k$ t1 9 g5]al1 all important op]ations on bees %\ld be conduct$ 9 ! middle ( ! day1 t be+ ! "t :5 x is lea/ annoy+ to !m1 & ! safe/ to ! op]ator1 z a l>ge portion are !n engag$ abroad4 ,inde$1 ! bees are always m suspici\s & irascible by night4 ,on _! homew>d way !y are n dispos$ to attack1 any m ?an !y are :5 at "w 9 ! fields4 ,! def5ce ( home is _! actuat+ pr9ciple2 & ! dang] arises f ! bees furi\sly d>t+ out on any suppos$ enemy1 f )9 ! hive4 ,make z little bu/le & di/urbance z possible1 & h at h& an assi/ant & :atev] is likely to be want$1 = a v trifl+ matt] w (t5 m> an op]ation irretrievably4 ,let all ?+s be done coolly & quietly1 & )\t hurri$ motions ( any k9d1 :i* cause suspicion & irritation4 ,avoid brea?+ on ! bees2 &1 above all1 be c>eful to kill none1 = ! smell ( ! w\nd$ body exasp]ates !m exce$+ly3 9 %ort1 ! aim %\ld be to d :at is ne$$ )\t ! bees be+ consci\s ( x4 ,ano!r precaution may be m5tion$1 :i* is1 9 op]at+1 n to employ any "o kn[n to be obnoxi\s to bees2 = )\t go+ ! l5g? ( say+ ) "s t c]ta9 individuals are recognis$ by !m1 x is well kn[n t1 f _! nice discrim9ation ( sc5t1 ! p]sons ( o!rs are objects ( con/ant & v m>k$ dislike4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,security f attack1 h[ev]1 is ess5tial to self-possession1 & ,i "k ( no cov]+ s effectual z an envelope ,i devis$ ( a k9d ( light net1 or gauze1 sometimes call$ l5o4 ,x %\ld be s made at ! top z to g ov] a hat or cap2 ) sleeves1 ti$ at ! wri/s1 & /r+s at ! bottom to draw & fa/5 r\nd ! wai/4 ,! sleeves may be made ( "s /rong] mat]ial4 7,see prec$+ page47 ,! entire upp] "p ( ! p]son is 9 ?is way envelop$1 z se5 9 our engrav+ annex$4 ,! projection ( ! hat keeps ! dress cle> ( ! face1 & x is suffici5tly transp>5t4 ,a ?ick pair ( gloves1 :i* "s ?9k are be/ made ( buck-sk91 is all t is fur!r necess>y to complete protection4 ,,rem$y ,,= ,,! ,,/+ ,,( ,a ,,bee4 ,if attack$ by a bee1 ! be/ plan is n to (f] resi/ance1 b to walk away & ?ru/ y\r head into a neighb\r+ %rub or bu%1 :5 ! enemy w 9 all probability retire4 ,h[ev]1 an accid5tal /+ may n[ & !n be receiv$1 = :i* v>i\s rem$ies h be5 prescrib$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! /+ %\ld at once be remov$1 b )\t rubb+ ! "p4 ,my own exp]i5ce leads me to recomm5d1 9 pref]5ce to any?+ else1 ! imm$iate application ( liquor potass to ! spot1 z a p[]ful alkali1 to neutralize ! poison ( ! /+1 :i* is an acid4 ,x %\ld be us$ 9 small quantity1 on a po9t ( "s k9d1 z a ne$le1 introduc$ into ! w\nd4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ?is1 pure liquid ammonia is said on good au?ority to succe$1 if prop]ly appli$4 ,keep x 9 a close-/opp$1 small-neck$ bottle1 :i* %\ld be turn$ bottom upw>ds1 & held v tight ov] ! "p4 ,"s p]sons h f\nd relief f an imm$iate application ( cold wat]4 ,inde$1 any rem$y to be efficaci\s mu/ be spe$ily resort$ to2 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! w>m mon?s1 = !n ! poison is mu* m active ?an 9 w9t]4 ,,conclusion4 ,9 ! =ego+ pages ,i h giv5 an outl9e ( my own exp]i5ce 9 ! g5]al managem5t ( bees1 freely avail+ myself ( su* fur!r in=mation1 d]iv$ f ! mo/ tru/wor?y s\rces1 z seem$ mo/ likely to int]e/ & in/ruct ! read]4 ,my aim1 h[ev]1 has be5 re/rict$ prim>ily to matt]s ( a practical be>+1 pass+ ov] ! obsolete speculations ( by-gone p]iods1 & rely+ on ! sup]ior intellig5ce ( a lat] day4 ,^? :o wi% to ent] m fully into ! natural hi/ory & physiology ( ! bee may consult a v>iety ( works1 at ! head ( :i* x is usual to place t ( ,hub]2 foll[$ by ! lat] compreh5sive & highly satisfactory "o1 ',! ,honey ,bee1' ( ! late ,dr4 ,bevan2 bo? publications to :i* we h (t5 _h occasion to ref]4 ,t portion ( ! subject relat+ to ! /ructure & arrangem5t ( _! combs & cells is treat$ ( at consid]able l5g? by ,"l ,br\gham1 9 8 ',diss]tations on ,subjects ( ,sci5ce connect$ ) ,natural ,!ology4' ,p]haps ! accurate obs]vations & elaborate ma!matical demon/rations ( ! noble au?or h left little m to be desir$ 9 ! p>ticul> dep>tm5t to :i* he has devot$ ! en]gies ( 8 p[]ful m9d4 ,) 8 summ>y ( ! progress ( api>ian k1 we may n inappropriately close ! ',bee-keep]'s ,manual4' ,! att5tion1 says ,"l ,br\gham1,,ae :i* has be5 paid at v>i\s times to ! /ructure & habits ( ! bee is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable circum/ances 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce4 ,! anci5ts /udi$ x ) unusual m9ut5ess1 al?\gh be+1 g5]ally speak+1 indiff]5t obs]v]s ( fact1 !y made b little progress 9 discov]+ ! s+ul> economy ( ?is insect4 ,( ! obs]vations ( ,ari/oma*us1 :o sp5t sixty ye>s1 x is said1 9 /udy+ ! subject1 we "k no?+2 nor ( ^? :i* 7 made by ,philissus1 :o pass$ 8 life 9 ! woods1 = ! purpose ( exam9+ ?is insect's habits2 b ,pl9y in=ms u t bo? ( !m wrote works ^u x4 ,ari/otle's ?ree *apt]s on bees & wasps,,af conta9 little m ?an ! ord9>y obs]vations1 mix$ up ) an unusual portion ( vulg> & ev5 gross errors4 ,h[ mu* he att5d$ to ! subject is1 h[ev]1 manife/ f ! ext5t ( ! fir/ ( ^! *apt]s1 :i* is ( great l5g?4 ,"s ma!matical writ]s1 p>ticul>ly ,pappus1 /udi$ ! =m ( ! cells1 & e/abli%$ "o or two ( ! fundam5tal propositions respect+ ! economy ( lab\r & wax result+ f ! plan ( ! /ructure4 ,! application ( mod]n naturali/s to ! inquiry is to be dat$ f ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 ,m>aldi exam9$ x ) 8 accu/om$ c>e2 & ,reaumur aft]w>ds1 z we h se51 c>ri$ 8 inve/igations mu* f>!r4 ,! int]e/ ( ! subject seem$ to increase ) ! progress made 9 _! inquiries2 & ab\t ! ye> #agfe a society 0 =m$ at ,little ,bautz5 9 ,upp] ,lusatia1 ^: sole object 0 ! /udy ( bees4 ,x 0 =m$ "u ! patronage ( ! ,elector ( ,saxony4 ,! celebrat$ ,s*ira* 0 "o ( its orig9al memb]s2 & soon aft] its e/abli%m5t he made 8 fam\s discov]y ( ! p[] :i* ! bees h to supply ! loss ( _! ,que51 by =m+ a l>ge cell out ( ?ree common ones1 & fe$+ ! grub ( a work] ^u royal jelly2 a discov]y s />tl+ to naturali/s1 t ,bonnet1 9 #agfi1 e>ne/ly urg$ ! society n to l[] its cr$it by c\nt5anc+ su* a wild error1 :i* he reg>d$ z repugnant to all we "k ( ! habits ( insects2 admitt+1 h[ev]1 t he %\ld n be s incr$ul\s ( any obs]vations t5d+ to prove ! propagation ( ! race ( ! ,que5-bee1 )\t any co-op]ation ( a male1,,ag a notion s9ce %[n by ,hub] to be :olly *im]ical4 ,9 #agga a second in/itution1 ) ! same limit$ object1 0 f\nd$ at ,laut]1 "u ! ,elector ,palant9e's patronage1 & ( ?is ,riem1 sc>cely less kn[n 9 ?is bran* ( sci5ce ?an ,s*ira*1 0 a memb]4 ,,ae ,vol4 i1 pp4 #ccc-cf4 ,,af ,hi/4 ,an41 lib4 ix1 cap4 #dj1 #da1 #db4 ,,ag ,oeuvres1 x1 #ajj1 #ajd4 ,! greate/ progress1 h[ev]1 0 aft]w>ds made by ,hub]1 ^: discov]ies1 especially ( ! ,que5-bee's mode ( impregnation1 ! slaught] ( ! drones or males1 & ! mode ( work+1 h ju/ly ga9$ him a v high place among naturali/s4 ,nor are 8 discov]ies ( ! secretion ( wax f sac*>9e matt]1 ! nature ( propolis1 & ! prep>ation ( wax1 = build+1 to be reckon$ less important4 ,to ^! tru?s ! way _h be5 l$ by ,john ,hunt]1 ^: vigor\s & orig9al g5ius nev] 0 direct$ to ! cultivation ( any subject )\t reap+ a h>ve/ ( discov]y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 conclusion1 :atev] may be ! degree ( ignorance or d\bt 9 :i* on c]ta9 po9ts respect+ ! ,honey-bee we are /ill involv$ 7& ^! are probably n (t5 practically important71 !re are few b may receive in/ruction & example f ^! wond]ful little creatures1 9 ! duties ( p]sev]+ indu/ry1 prud5ce1 economy1 & peaceful subord9ation2 :il/ all may be taught1 by _! p]fect organization & faultless adaptation ( means to an end1 a lesson ( humility2 &1 f9ally1 by ! contemplation ( _! beautiful works1 to look f ,nature up to ,nature's ,god4 ,illu/ration ,,index ,adapt]1 #ca4 ,aft]-sw>ms1 #ahf1 #ahh1 #aij1 #aie4 ,anci5t bee obs]v]s1 #bac4 ,api>ian au?ors1 #bab4 societies1 #bad4 ,api>y1 managem5t 9 summ]1 #ajf4 autumn1 #abd4 w9t]1 #aeg4 spr+1 #aff4 ,api>y1 plan (1 #id1 #ie4 position & aspect1 #ig4 repairs (1 #agj4 size (1 #ajc4 to comm5ce1 #ajf1 #aeb1 #aff4 ,apis ,ligu/ica1 #a4 ,mellifica1 #a4 ,artificial food1 #agb4 sw>m+1 #aii1 #bjd1 #bjf4 ,aspect1 #ig4 ,au?ors on ,bees1 #bab4 ,autumnal managem5t1 #abd4 fe$+1 #acb4 unions1 #adj4 ,b> hive1 #ed1 advantages (1 #ee1 #fi1 #aie4 divid+1 #bjd4 d\ble1 #ff4 glass or obs]vatory1 #gb4 s+le1 #ff4 /raw1 #gc4 wood5 box1 #ed4 ,b> sy/em1 #ed4 ,b>s1 size (1 #eg1 #eh4 ,bee1 ,que51 or "m1 #c1 #d1 #agj1 #aha1 #ahd1 #ahf1 #aij1 #bad4 common or work+1 #c1 #aa4 drone or male1 #c1 #ae1 #af1 #ahj4 au?ors1 #bab4 boxes1 size (1 #eb4 duration ( life1 #ad1 #aea4 eggs1 #f1 #aj1 #ab1 #af4 fl[]s1 #ajb4 food1 #acg1 #agb4 ligurian1 #a4 pa/urage1 & numb] ( hives1 #aja1 #aef4 protector1 #bjh4 sex (1 #ab1 #ag4 %$s & h\ses1 #id4 /+1 #d1 #ab1 #baj4 ,bees1 conf9em5t (1 #adh1 #aeh4 de/ruction (1 #bh1 #adi4 driv+ (1 #aeb1 #bja4 enemies (1 #aaf1 #age4 fight+1 #aca4 flight (1 #ajc4 =tification (1 #aag4 fum+ (1 #adj4 humm+ (1 #agg4 increase (1 #aj4 longevity (1 #ad1 #aej4 numb] (1 #aa4 removal (1 #ajj1 #ajg1 #afg1 #aih4 to hive1 #aif4 to unite1 #adj1 #aib4 v>i\s occupations (1 #ac4 wea!r-wise1 #agh4 work+1 #aa4 ,bell-glasses1 #abj4 ,blocks1 #dc1 #dd1 #if1 #afj4 ,box hive1 #ea4 ,brood1 #ab1 #abf1 #aea1 #afh4 ,cells1 common1 #ac1 #aaa4 drone1 #ae1 #aab4 royal1 #d1 #ahj1 #ahb1 #ahg1 #aie1 #bjj1 #bja1 #bjh4 ,cem5t1 #ch4 ,circul> wood5 hives1 #ge4 ,clean+ or *ang+ hive-bo>ds1 #afe1 #afg4 ,cocoons1 #ab4 ,collat]al sy/em1 #bd1 #gh4 hive1 ,:ite's1 #ha4 ,nutt's1 #hb4 ,colony ( bees1 #ajf1 #aeb4 ,comb-knives1 #acj4 prun+1 #adg1 #afg1 #ahi4 ,combs1 #e1 #bi1 #aji1 #adg4 & wax1 #aji4 & cells1 con/ruction (1 #aji4 ,common1 or work+ bees1 #c1 #aa4 /raw hives1 #bg4 ,cond5s+ tr\gh1 #afa4 ,conf9em5t ( bees1 #adh1 #aeh4 ,cov]s to hives1 #cg4 ,cr[n-bo>ds1 #ce4 ,damp1 #aeg4 ,deprivation1 #bc1 #abe1 #adh4 ,depriv+ hives1 #cj1 #ea4 sy/em1 #ba1 #bc4 ,de/roy+ ( bees1 #bh1 #adi4 ,directions on sw>m+1 #aif4 ,disease1 #aei4 ,divid]s1 #cf4 ,divid+ b>-hive1 #bjd4 ,d\bl+-bo>d1 #gh4 ,driv+1 #aeb1 #bja4 ,drone1 or male bee1 #c1 #ae1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahc4 cells1 #af1 #aab4 ,drones1 de/roy+ (1 #ah1 #ai4 expulsion (1 #ah4 numb] (1 #bj4 (fice (1 #ag4 ,duplet1 #bd4 ,dys5t]y1 #aei4 ,eggs1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #af1 #aea4 ,eke1 #be1 #abb4 ,enemies ( bees1 #aaf1 #age4 ,evaporation1 #afa4 ,f>9a1 or poll51 #aac1 #afh4 sub/itute =1 #afi4 ,fe$+ 9 autumn1 #acb1 #acg4 9 spr+1 #agj4 sw>ms1 #ajh1 #aii4 ,fe$+ tr\ghs1 #acc4 ,flight ( bees1 #ajc4 ,floor- or hive-bo>ds1 #db4 to clean or *ange1 #afe1 #afg4 ,food1 artificial1 #agb4 ,=tification1 #aag4 ,frame-b>1 #eh4 ,fumigation1 #adj1 #adf4 ,fum+ bees1 #adj1 #adh4 mat]ial1 #adc4 tube1 #adb4 ,fungus1 #adc4 ,gauge1 #eg1 #gd1 #gf4 ,g5]al directions 9 op]ations on bees1 #bji4 on sw>m+1 #aif4 ,glasses1 #abj4 to remove1 #abh4 ,glass or light-hive1 #gb4 ,guide-combs1 #fi1 #abj1 #bjf4 ,hive1 b>1 #ed4 divid+1 #bjd4 d\ble1 #ff4 obs]vatory1 #gb4 s+le1 #ff4 /raw1 #gc4 wood51 #ed4 bo>ds1 #db4 circul> wood51 #ge4 common /raw1 #bg4 cov]s1 #cg4 nadir1 #be1 #hg4 ne!r1 #ia4 ,hive1 ,nutt's collat]al1 #hb4 protector1 #da4 range1 #di4 %ade1 #ci4 /&s or p$e/als1 #df4 ,:ite's collat]al1 #ha4 ,hives1 collat]al1 #ha4 numb] (1 #aja4 %ape (1 #bh4 size (1 #bi1 #ca4 sup]1 #bd1 #aai1 #agf4 wood5 box1 #ea4 ,hiv+1 #aif4 ,honey1 #aac1 #abh1 #age1 #agh4 comb1 #e1 #aji4 dew1 #aac4 h>ve/1 #abh1 #adi4 season1 #agh4 /ore (1 #acb1 #ach4 to /ra91 #abi4 virg91 #abd4 ,hornets1 #aaf4 ,humm+1 #agg4 ,imago1 #ac4 ,impregnation1 #ag1 #ai4 ,increase ( bees1 #aj4 ,italian bee1 #a4 ,j\rnal1 #ajf4 ,knives1 #ga1 #acj4 ,l>v1 #ab4 ,light 9 hives1 #ec1 #gb4 or obs]vatory hive1 #gb4 ,ligurian bee1 #a4 ,longevity ( bees1 #ad1 #aej4 ,maid5 sw>ms1 #aif4 ,male bee1 #c1 #ae1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahc4 ,managem5t 9 summ]1 #ajf4 autumn1 #abd4 w9t]1 #aeg4 spr+1 #aff4 ,moi/ure 9 hives1 #afa4 ,mo?s1 wasps1 hornets1 & o!r enemies1 #aaf4 ,mov+ ( bees1 #ajj1 #ajf1 #aff1 #bjc4 ,nadir1 #be1 #fb1 #hg1 #aai1 #abb4 draw]1 #hi4 ,nadir-hive1 #hg4 ,nadir+1 #be1 #hg1 #hi1 #aai1 #abb4 ,ne!r-hive1 #ia4 ,numb] ( hives1 #aja4 ,nutt's collat]al hive1 #hb4 ,nymph1 or ,pupa1 #ab4 ,obs]vatory1 or light hive1 #gb4 ,od\r ( bees1 #aid4 ,(fice ( drones1 #ag4 ,pa9t+1 #cg1 #ed4 ,pa/urage1 #aja1 #aef4 ,patt]n gauge1 #eg1 #gd1 #gf4 ,p$e/als1 or /&s = hives1 #df4 ,pip+1 #ahf4 ,poll51 or f>9a1 #aac1 #afh4 sub/itute =1 #afi4 ,population1 #ajg1 #aci1 #aej4 ,position & aspect1 #ig1 #aeh4 ,prev5tion ( aft]-sw>ms1 #aie4 ,pr9cesses1 #f1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #aib4 ,propolis1 #aab4 ,protectors1 #bjh4 ,prun+ combs1 #adg1 #afg1 #ahi4 ,que51 or "m bee1 #c1 #d1 #agj1 #aha1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #aij4 cells1 #d1 #e1 #ahj1 #ahb1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #aie1 #bja1 #bjh4 ,que5s1 combats (1 #ahf1 #aij4 duration ( life1 #f4 f]tility (1 #aj4 impregnation (1 #ag4 pip+ (1 #ahf4 ,que5s1 re>$ artificially1 #g1 #bjh1 #bad4 unfruitful1 #agj4 ,range = ,lives1 #di4 ,rem$y = ! /+ ( a bee1 #baj4 ,removal ( bees1 #ajf1 #afg1 #bjc4 ,removal ( a box or sup]-hive1 #abe4 ,remov+ ( sw>ms1 #ajf1 #aih1 #bjc4 ,return+ ( sw>ms1 #ahc1 #ahf4 ,robb] bees1 #abg1 #aca4 ,robb]s1 #acd1 #age4 ,royal cells1 or cradles1 #d1 #e1 #agf1 #ahj1 #ahf1 #aie1 #bjj4 ,scre5 9 w9t]1 #aei4 ,sex1 #ab4 ,%ade1 #aae1 #agh4 ,s+le hiv+1 #ba4 ,sn[1 to cle>1 #aeh4 ,song ( ! bees1 #aji4 ,spr+ fe$+1 #agj4 fl[]s1 #ajb1 #afi4 managem5t1 #aff4 ,/&s = hives1 #df4 ,/+1 #d1 #ab1 #baj4 ,/ocks1 #aeb1 #aff4 to /r5g!n1 #aid4 ,/ore ( honey1 #abh1 #acb1 #acg4 ,/orify+1 #bd4 ,/raw b>-hive1 #gc4 common hives1 #bg1 #bh4 depriv+ hives1 #cj4 ,/raw hives1 pa9t+ (1 #cg4 ,/r5g? ( a colony1 #ajg1 #aib4 ,/upefy+ bees1 #adj1 #adc4 ,suffocation1 #bh1 #adi4 ,summ>y ( api>ian k1 #bac4 ,summ] managem5t1 #ajf4 ,sup]-hiv+1 #aai4 ,sup]s1 #bd1 #ca1 #cd1 #aai1 #abe1 #agf4 to remove1 #abe1 #abh4 ,sw>m+1 #ba1 #ahj1 #ahb1 #aia1 #aif4 artificial1 #aii4 ,sw>ms1 #ahj1 #ahf4 maid51 #aif4 remov+ (1 #ajf1 #aih1 #bjc4 to fe$1 #ajh1 #aii4 to return1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ahi1 #aie4 to /r5g!n1 #ajg1 #aih4 to unite1 #aib4 weight (1 #ahc4 ,tang+ bees1 on sw>m+1 #aif4 ,temp]ature1 #ac1 #hc1 #aai1 #abb1 #aci1 #aea1 #aeh1 #afh1 #agj1 #agg1 #ahb4 ,temp]ature & wea!r1 #agg4 ,!rmomet]1 #hc1 #afc1 #ahb4 ,titm\se1 #aag1 #afj4 ,top-fe$+1 #acc1 #agj4 ,transf]r+ bees1 #adj4 ,triplets1 #bd1 #cb1 #abb4 ,triplets & ,nadirs1 #abb4 ,tr\gh1 fe$+1 #acc4 ,tube = fum+1 #adb4 ,unit+ bees1 #ajg1 #adj1 #aib4 ,unit+ sw>ms1 #ajg1 #ahi1 #aib4 ,v5tilation1 #hc1 #aai1 #aba1 #afa1 #agg4 ,v5tilators1 #he4 ,virg9 honey1 #abd4 ,wasps1 c41 #aaf1 #aag1 #age4 ,wat]1 #aae1 #afi1 #agh4 ,wax & combs1 #aji4 ,wax mo?1 #aaf4 ,:ite's collat]al hive1 #ha4 ,w9t] managem5t1 #aeg4 position1 #aeh4 scre5s1 #aei4 /ore1 #acb1 #ach4 ,wood5 b>-boxes1 #ed4 circul> hives1 #ge4 hives1 #ea4 ,work] cells1 #ac1 #aaa4 ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,e4 ,adl>d1 ,b>?olomew ,close1 ,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,grace ,,aguil>',s ,,works ,i4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 price #es41 ) a ,memoir ( ! ,au?or1 ,,home ,,influ5ce2 ,a ,,tale ,,= ,,mo!rs ,,& ,,daught]s4 ,by ,,grace ,,aguil>4 ,grace ,aguil> wrote & spoke z "o inspir$2 %e cond5s$ & spiritualiz$1 & all h] ?\ghts & feel+s 7 /eep$ 9 ! ess5ce ( cele/ial love & tru?4 ,to ^? :o really knew ,grace ,aguil>1 all eulogium falls %ort ( h] des]ts1 & %e has left a blank 9 h] p>ticul> walk ( lit]ature1 :i* we nev] expect to see fill$ up4--,pilgrimages to ,engli% ,%r9es1 by ,mrs4 ,hall4 ,a clev] & int]e/+ tale1 correspond+ well to its "n1 illu/rat+ ! sil5t1 con/ant influ5ce ( a wise & affectionate p>5t ov] *>act]s ! mo/ div]se4--,*ri/ian ,lady's ,magaz9e4 ,?is int]e/+ volume unque/ionably conta9s _m valuable h9ts on dome/ic education1 mu* p[]ful writ+1 & a moral ( va/ importance4--,engli%woman's ,magaz9e4 ,x is v pleasant1 aft] read+ a book1 to speak ( x 9 t]ms ( high comm5dation4 ,! tale be=e u is an admirable "o1 & is execut$ ) ta/e & ability4 ,! language is beautiful & appropriate2 ! analysis ( "* is skilful & v>i$4 ,! "w ought to be 9 ! h&s ( all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! prop] tra9+ ( ! y\?ful m9d4--,palladium4 ,9 review+ ?is "w1 we h>dly "k :at words 9 ! ,engli% language are /rong en\gh to express ! admiration we h felt 9 its p]usal4--,bucks ,*ronicle4 ,! object & end ( ! writ+s ( ,grace ,aguil> 7 to improve ! he>t1 & to lead h] read]s to ! consid]ation ( high] motives & objects ?an ?is _w c ev] af=d4--,bell's ,weekly ,mess5g]4 ',home ,influ5ce' w n be =gott5 by any :o h p]us$ x4--,critic4 ,a well-kn[n & valuable tale4--,g5tleman's ,magaz9e4 ,a "w :i* possesses an extraord9>y am\nt ( influ5ce to elevate ! m9d & educate ! he>t1 by %[+ t rectitude & virtue conduce no less to mat]ial prosp]ity1 & worldly com=t & happ9ess1 ?an to ! satisfaction ( ! consci5ce1 ! approval ( ! good1 & ! hope & c]ta9ty ( bliss h]eaft]4--,h]ts ,c\nty ,press4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,sequel ,,to ,,home ,,influ5ce4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ) a ,portrait ( ! ,au?or & o!r ,illu/rations1 price #fs41 ,,! ,,"m',s ,,recomp5se2 ,a ,,sequel ,,to ,home ,influ5ce1 a ,tale = ,mo!rs & ,daught]s4 ,by ,,grace ,,aguil>4 ,grace ,aguil> belong$ to ! s*ool ( :i* ,m>ia ,edgewor? 0 ! f\ndress4 ,! design ( ! book is c>ri$ out =cibly & con/antly4 ',! ,home ,influ5ces' ex]cis$ 9 e>li] ye>s be+ %[n 9 active g]m9ation4--,atlas4 ,! writ+s ( ,grace ,aguil> h a *>m insep>able f productions 9 :i* feel+ is comb9$ ) intellect2 !y g directly to ! he>t4 ',home ,influ5ce1' ! des]v$ly popul> /ory to :i* ?is is a ,sequel1 admirably tea*es ! lesson impli$ 9 its "n4 ,9 ! pres5t tale we h ! same fre%ness1 e>ne/ness1 & zeal--! same _s ( devotion1 & love ( virtue--! same en?usiasm & s9c]e religion :i* *>act]is$ t e>li] "w4 ,we behold ! "m n[ bless$ 9 ! love ( good & affectionate (fspr+1 :o1 p>5ts !mselves1 are1 aft] h] example1 tra9+ _! *ildr5 9 ! way ( rectitude & piety4--,morn+ ,*ronicle4 ,?is beautiful /ory 0 complet$ :5 ! au?oress 0 little above ! age ( n9ete51 yet x has ! sob] s5se ( middle age4 ,!re is no age nor sex t w n pr(it by its p]usal1 & x w af=d z mu* pleasure z pr(it to ! read]4--,critic4 ,! same k9dly _s1 ! same w>m *>ity & f]v\r ( devotion :i* brea!s 9 e l9e ( t admirable book1 ',home ,influ5ce1' w be f\nd adorn+ & inspir+ ',! ,"m's ,recomp5se4'--,morn+ ,adv]tis]4 ,! good :i* %e 7,grace ,aguil>7 has effect$ is ackn[l$g$ on all h&s1 & x _c be d\bt$ b t ! appe>ance ( ?is volume w increase ! usefulness ( "o :o may yet be said to be /ill speak+ to ! he>t & to ! affections ( human nature4--,bell's ,mess5g]4 ,x w be f\nd an int]e/+ supplem5t1 n only to ! book to :i* x specially relates1 b to all ! writ]'s o!r works4--,g5tleman's ,magaz9e4 ',! ,"m's ,recomp5se' =ms a fitt+ close to its pr$ecessor1 ',home ,influ5ce4' ,! results ( mat]nal c>e are fully develop$1 its ri* rew>ds are set =?1 & its lesson & its moral are p[]fully en=c$4--,morn+ ,po/4 ,we he>tily comm5d ?is volume2 a bett] or m useful pres5t to a y\?ful fri5d or a "y wife c\ld n well be select$4--,h]ts ,c\nty ,press4 ,,iii4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 price #es41 ,,woman',s ,,fri5d%ip2 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,life4 ,by ,,grace ,,aguil>4 ,to %[ u h[ div9e a ?+ ,a woman may be made4--,wordswor?4 ,?is /ory illu/rates1 ) feel+ & p[]1 t b5eficial influ5ce :i* wom5 ex]cise1 9 _! own quiet way1 ov] *>act]s & ev5ts 9 our e-day life4--,britannia4 ,! book is "o ( m ?an ord9>y int]e/ 9 v>i\s ways1 & pres5ts an admirable conception ( ! dep?s & s9c]ity ( female fri5d%ip1 z exhibit$ 9 ,engl& by ,engli%wom54--,weekly ,*ronicle4 ,we began to read ! volume late 9 ! ev5+2 & al?\gh x consi/s ( ab\t #djj pages1 our eyes c\ld n close 9 sleep until we _h read ! :ole4 ,?is excell5t book %\ld f9d a place on e draw+-room table--nay1 9 e libr>y 9 ! k+dom4--,bucks ,*ronicle4 ,we congratulate ,miss ,aguil> on ! _s1 motive1 & composition ( ?is /ory4 ,h] aims are em95tly moral1 & h] cause comes recomm5d$ by ! mo/ beautiful associations4 ,^!1 connect$ ) ! skill "h ev9c$ 9 _! developm5t1 ensure ! success ( h] lab\rs4--,illu/rat$ ,news4 ,z a writ] ( rem>kable grace & delicacy1 %e devot$ h]self to ! inculcation ( ! virtues1 m especially ^? :i* are ! peculi> *>m ( wom54--,critic4 ,x is a book = all classes ( read]s2 & we h no hesitation 9 say+1 t x only requires to be g5]ally kn[n to become exce$+ly popul>4 ,9 our e/imation1 x has f> m attractions ?an ,miss ,burney's celebrat$1 b ov]-e/imat$1 novel ( ',cecilia4'--,h]ts ,c\nty ,press4 ,?is v int]e/+ & agreeable tale has rema9$ long] )\t notice on our "p ?an we c\ld h desir$2 b we w\ld n[ endeav\r to make am5ds = ! delay1 by assur+ our read]s t x is a mo/ ably-writt5 publication1 full ( ! nice/ po9ts ( in=mation & utility t c\ld h be5 by any possibility con/ruct$2 &1 z a pro( ( its value1 x may suffice to say1 t x has be5 tak5 f our table aga9 & aga9 by sev]al individuals1 f ! recomm5dation ( ^? :o _h already p]us$ x1 & s prev5t$ our giv+ an e>li] att5tion to its manifold claims = fav\rable criticism4 ,x is peculi>ly adapt$ = ! "y1 & :]ev] x goes w be receiv$ ) gratification1 & comm& v ext5sive approbation4--,bell's ,weekly ,mess5g]4 ,?is is a h&some volume2 j su* a book z we w\ld expect to f9d among ! volumes compos+ a lady's libr>y4 ,its int]ior corresponds ) its ext]ior2 x is a mo/ fasc9at+ tale1 full ( noble & j s5tim5ts4--,palladium4 ,,iv4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 price #es41 ,,! ,,vale ,,( ,,c$>s2 ,,or1 ,! ,m>tyr4 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,spa9 ,,9 ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury4 ,by ,,grace ,,aguil>4 ,! au?oress ( ?is mo/ fasc9at+ volume has select$ = h] field "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable eras 9 mod]n hi/ory--! reigns ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella4 ,! tale turns on ! extraord9>y ext5t to :i* conceal$ ,judaism _h ga9$ foot+ at t p]iod 9 ,spa94 ,x is m>k$ by mu* p[] ( description1 & by a woman's delicacy ( t\*1 & x w add to its writ]'s well-e>n$ reputation4--,eclectic ,review4 ,! sc5e ( ?is int]e/+ tale is laid dur+ ! reign ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella4 ,! ,vale ( ,c$>s is ! retreat ( a ,jewi% family1 compell$ by p]secution to p]=m _! religi\s rites ) ! utmo/ secrecy4 ,on ! s+ul> position ( ?is fat$ race 9 ! mo/ ,ca?olic l& ( ,europe1 ! int]e/ ( ! tale ma9ly dep5ds2 :il/ a few glimpses ( ! horrors ( ! t]rible ,inquisition are af=d$ ! read]1 & height5 ! int]e/ ( ! n>rative4--,%>pe's ,magaz9e4 ,any?+ :i* proce$s f ! p5 ( ! au?oress ( ?is volume is sure to comm& att5tion & appreciation4 ,!re is s mu* ( delicacy & ref9em5t ab\t h] /yle1 & su* a fai?ful del9eation ( nature 9 all %e attempts1 t %e has tak5 h] place among/ ! highe/ class ( mod]n writ]s ( fiction4 ,we consid] ?is to be "o ( ,miss ,aguil>'s be/ ef=ts4--,bell's ,weekly ,mess5g]4 ,we he>tily comm5d ! "w to our read]s z "o exhibit+1 n m]ely tal5t1 b g5ius1 & a degree ( e>ne/ness1 fidelity to nature1 & arti/ic grace r>ely f\nd4--,h]ts ,c\nty ,press4 ,! ',vale ( ,c$>s' is inde$ "o ( ! mo/ t\*+ & int]e/+ /ories t h ev] issu$ f ! press4 ,!re is a life-l reality ab\t x1 :i* is n (t5 obs]v$ 9 works ( ?is nature2 :ile we read x we felt z if we 7 witnesses ( ! v>i\s sc5es x depicts4--,bucks ,*ronicle4 ,x is a tale ( deep & pure devotion1 v t\*+ly n>rat$4--,atlas4 ,! au?oress has already receiv$ our comm5dation2 h] pres5t "w is calculat$ to su/a9 h] reputation4--,illu/rat$ ,news4 ,x is inde$ a hi/orical romance ( a high class4 ,see+ h[ /eady & yet rapid 0 h] improvem5t--h[ ri* ! promise ( h] g5ius--x is impossible to close ?is notice ( h] la/ & be/ "w1 )\t lam5t+ t ! au?oress 0 s untimely snat*$ f a _w %e appe>$ de/9$1 z c]ta9ly %e 0 s+ul>ly qualifi$1 to adorn & to improve4--,critic4 ,v4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$ ) ,frontispiece & ,vignette1 price #fs41 ,,! ,,days ,,( ,,bruce2 ,a ,/ory f ,scotti% ,hi/ory4 ,by ,,grace ,,aguil>4 ,we h _h an opportunity ( obs]v+ ! int]e/ x awak5s 9 diff]5t classes ( read]s1 & 9 no in/ance has x fail$ to rivet att5tion1 & to induce a high e/imate ( ! au?or's p[]s4 ,miss ,aguil> 0 evid5tly well read 9 ! times ( ,bruce4 ,x is long s9ce we met ) a "w :i* comb9es s happily ! be/ qualities ( hi/orical fiction4--,eclectic ,review4 ,! life ( ! h]o ( ,bannockburn has furni%$ matt] = innum]able tales 9 prose & v]se1 b we h met ) no records ( t fam\s era s in/ructive z ',! ,days ( ,bruce4'--,britannia4 ',! ,days ( ,bruce' 0 writt5 :51 9 ! vig\r ( intellectual /r5g?1 ,grace ,aguil> 0 plann+ _m ?+s1 & all = good2 x 0 we "k h] especial fav\rite3 x is full ( deep int]e/4--,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,hall1 9 ,%>pe's ,magaz9e4 ,x is a volume :i* may be consid]$ z solid hi/ory1 b is nev]!less ent]ta9+ z ! mo/ *>m+ novel ev] produc$ by g5ius4 ,sir ,walt] ,scott's "n z an au?or w\ld n h be5 disgrac$ by x _h x appe>$ on ! title-page in/ead ( ,grace ,aguil>4--,bucks ,*ronicle4 ,?is deeply int]e/+ romance--a composition ( great eloqu5ce1 writt5 ) practis$ poli% & en?usia/ic en]gy4 ,we are n surpris$ at ! elegance1 ! w>m?1 & ! pa?os ) :i* ,grace ,aguil> pa9ts love passages2 b we are a/oni%$ at ! fire & accuracy ) :i* %e depicts sc5es ( d>+ & ( dea?4--,obs]v]4 ,! tale is well told1 ! int]e/ w>mly su/a9$ ?r\gh\t1 & ! del9eation ( female "* is m>k$ by a delicate s5se ( moral beauty4 ,x is a "w t may be confid$ to ! h&s ( a daught] by h] p>5t4--,c\rt ,j\rnal4 ,e "o :o kn[s ! works ( ?is lam5t$ au?or1 mu/ obs]ve t %e rises ) h] subjects4 ,9 ',! ,days ( ,bruce' %e has ?r[n h]self into ! rugg$ life ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & has depict$ ! semi-civilization ( ! p]iod 9 a mann] t is q m>vell\s 9 a "y woman4 ,grace ,aguil> always excell$ 9 h] del9eation ( female *>act]s1 :ile ! skill %e ev9ces 9 ! illu/ration ( ! hi/orical p]sonages1 & h] individualization ( ! imag9>y ones1 might at once entitle h] to a bir?place among hi/orical noveli/s4--,ladies ,companion4 ,h] p5 0 ev] devot$ to ! cause ( virtue2 & h] v>i\s publications1 exhibit+ ! beauties & en=c+ ! practice ( ! 't5d] *>ities' ( dome/ic life1 h1 we d\bt n1 recomm5d$ !mselves to ! he>ts ( numb]s ( h] c\ntrywom54 ,! "w be=e u diff]s f ! =m] publications ( its au?or1 inasmu* z x is 9 fact an hi/orical romance1 = ?is species ( writ+ ! high feel+ ( ,grace ,aguil> peculi>ly fitt$ h]2 _m ( ! sc5es are v highly wr\ght2 & :ile x w fix 9 ! read]'s m9d a tru?ful idea ( ! hi/ory & /yle ( mann]s ( ',! ,days ( ,bruce1' x w also impress ^u him a /rong s5se ( ! ability & noble ca/ ( ?\ght :i* di/+ui%$ its lam5t$ au?or4--,engli%woman's ,magaz9e4 ,,grace ,,aguil>',s ,,works ,we look ^u ',! ,days ( ,bruce' z an elegantly-writt5 & int]e/+ romance1 & place x by ! side ( ,miss ,port]'s ,scotti% ,*iefs4--,g5tleman's ,magaz9e4 ,a v pleas+ & successful attempt to comb9e ideal del9eation ( "* ) ! records ( hi/ory4 ,v beautiful & v true are ! portraits ( ! female m9d & he>t :i* ,grace ,aguil> knew h[ to draw4 ,?is is ! *ief *>m ( all h] writ+s1 & 9 ',! ,days ( ,bruce' ! read] w h ! pleasure ( view+ ?is skilful portraiture 9 ! *>act]s ( ,isol9e & ,agnes1 & ,isabella ( ,bu*an4--,lit]>y ,gazette4 ,:at a f]tile m9d 0 t ( ,grace ,aguil>6 ,:at an e>ly developm5t ( reflection1 ( feel+1 ( ta/e1 ( p[] ( inv5tion1 ( true & e>ne/ eloqu5ce6 ',! ,days ( ,bruce' is a composition ( h] e>ly y\?1 b full ( beauty4 ,grace ,aguil> knew ! female he>t bett] ?an any writ] ( our day1 & 9 e fiction f h] p5 we trace ! same ma/]ly analysis & developm5t ( ! motives & feel+s ( woman's nature4 ',! ,days ( ,bruce' possesses also ! attractions ( an extremely int]e/+ /ory1 t absorbs ! att5tion1 & nev] suff]s x to flag till ! la/ page is clos$1 & !n ! read] w lay d[n ! volume ) regret4--,critic4 ,,vi4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$ ) ,frontispiece1 price #es41 ,,home ,,sc5es ,,he>t ,,/udies4 ,tales4 ,by ,,grace ,,aguil>4 ,! ,p]ez ,family4 ,! ,/one-cutt]'s ,boy ( ,possagno4 ,amete & ,yafeh4 ,! ,fugitive4 ,! ,edict2 a ,tale ( #adib4 ,! ,escape2 a ,tale ( #agee4 ,r$ ,rose ,villa4 ,gonzalvo's ,daught]4 ,! ,au?oress4 ,helon4 ,lucy4 ,! ,_s's ,entreaty4 ,idalie4 ,lady ,gre%am's ,fete4 ,! ,gr\p ( ,sculpture4 ,! ,_s ( ,night4 ,! ,recollections ( a ,rambl]4 ,ca/ ?y ,bread ^u ! ,wat]s4 ,! ,triumph ( ,love4 ,,vii4 ,second ,edition1 9 ,two ,volumes1 ,foolscap #hvo1 price #ajs41 ,,! ,,wom5 ,,( ,,israel2 ,or1 ,*>act]s & ,sket*es f ! ,holy ,scriptures1 illu/rative ( ! pa/ ,hi/ory1 pres5t ,duties1 & future ,de/9y ( ,hebrew ,females1 z bas$ on ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,by ,,grace ,,aguil>4 ,pr9cipal ,cont5ts ( ! ,"w4 ,fir/ ,p]iod--,wives ( ! ,patri>*s4 ,eve4 ,s>ah4 ,rebekah4 ,leah & ,ra*el4 ,second ,p]iod--,! ,exodus & ! ,law4 ,egyptian ,captivity1 & ,jo*eb$4 ,! ,exodus--,mo!rs ( ,israel4 ,laws = ,wives 9 ,israel4 ,laws = ,wid[s & ,daught]s 9 ,israel4 ,maid ,s]vants 9 ,israel1 & o!r ,laws4 ,?ird ,p]iod--,betwe5 ! ,deliv]y ( ! ,law & ! ,mon>*y4 ,miriam4 ,tab]nacle ,work]s--,caleb's ,daught]4 ,deborah4 ,wife ( ,manoah4 ,naomi4 ,hannah4 ,f\r? ,p]iod--,! ,mon>*y4 ,mi*al4 ,abigail4 ,wise ,woman ( ,tekoah4 ,woman ( ,abel4 ,rispah4 ,prophet's ,wid[4 ,! ,%unamite4 ,little ,israeliti% ,maid4 ,huldah4 ,fif? ,p]iod--,babylonian ,captivity4 ,! ,captivity4 ,review ( ,book ( ,ezra4 ,sugge/ions z to ! ,id5tity ( ! ,ahasu]us ( ,scripture4 ,e/h]4 ,review ( ,ev5ts n>rat$ 9 ,ezra & ,nehemiah4 ,six? ,p]iod--,cont9uance ( ! ,second ,temple4 ,review ( ,jewi% ,hi/ory1 f ! ,return f ,babylon to ! ,appeal ( ,hyrcanus & ,ari/obulus to ,pompey4 ,jewi% ,hi/ory f ! ,appeal to ,pompey to ! ,dea? ( ,h]od4 ,jewi% ,hi/ory f ! ,dea? ( ,h]od to ! ,w>4 ,! ,m>tyr ,"m4 ,alex&ra4 ,m>iamne4 ,salome4 ,hel5a4 ,b]5ice4 ,sev5? ,p]iod--,wom5 ( ,israel 9 ! ,pres5t z influ5c$ by ! ,pa/4 ,! ,w> & ,disp]sion4 ,?\ghts on ! ,talmud4 ,talmudic ,ord9ances ,tales4 ,effects ( ,disp]sion & ,p]secution4 ,g5]al ,rem>ks4 ,a "w t is suffici5t ( itself to create & cr[n a reputation4--,pilgrimages to ,engli% ,%r9es1 by ,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,hall4 ,london3 ,,groombridge ,,sons1 #e1 ,pat]no/] ,r[4 ,,grace ,,aguil>',s ,,works4 ,,new ,,editions1 ,,illu/rat$4 ,i4 ,,home ,,influ5ce4 ,a ,,tale ,,= ,,mo!rs ,,& ,,daught]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 ,price #es4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,"m',s ,,recomp5se4 ,a ,,sequel ,,to ,,home ,,influ5ce4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 ,price #fs4 ,,iii4 ,,woman',s ,,fri5d%ip4 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,life4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 ,price #es4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,vale ,,( ,,c$>s4 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,spa9 ,,9 ,,! #ae? ,,c5tury4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 ,price #es4 ,v4 ,,! ,,days ,,( ,,bruce4 ,a ,,/ory ,,f ,,scotti% ,,hi/ory4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 ,price #fs4 ,,vi4 ,,home ,,sc5es ,,& ,,he>t ,,/udies4 ,,tales4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 ,price #es4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,wom5 ,,( ,,israel4 ,two ,vols41 fcap4 #hvo1 ,price #ajs4 ,london3 ,,groombridge ,,sons1 #e1 ,pat]no/] ,r[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,illu/rations 7 mov$ s z to n split p>agraphs4 ,m9or typos correct$4 ,mo/ hyph5ation 7or lack !re(7 reta9$ z pr9t$4