,,! ,,olive ,,by ,k4 ,g4 ,,bitt+1 ,m4,s41 ,,bact]iologi/1 ,,glass ,,conta9] ,,association ,,( ,,am]ica ,,! ,,rese>* ,,laboratory1 ,,glass ,,conta9] ,,association ,,( ,,am]ica1 #ccdd ,s4 ,,mi*igan ,,av5ue1 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,,copyright1 #aibj ,,glass ,,conta9] ,,association ,,( ,,am]ica ,,olives ,olea europaea ,l4 ,!re is no tree nor fruit :i* (f]s m 9 int]e/ ?an ! olive tree & its fruit4 ,to obta9 any?+ approa*+ an idea ( its _m-sid$ness1 x is necess>y to become acqua9t$ ) ! life & leg5ds ( anci5t peoples1 9 :i* x ent]$ z su/5ance & z symbol2 to "k some?+ ( art1 z ! olive has furni%$ ! motif = mu* decoration1 bo? symbolic & purely e/hetic2 to "k some?+ ( botany & horticulture1 to appreciate its p>ts & to und]/& _! /ructure & developm5t2 some?+ ( *emi/ry & physics1 to und]/& its v>i\s con/itu5ts & _! intellig5t treatm5t2 some?+ ( ! cul9>y art1 to und]/& its value & its v>i$ uses z a food & condim5t2 ( m$ic9e1 to appreciate ! _m virtues ascrib$ to x z a heal+ ag5t2 & ( cosmetics1 to believe all t is claim$ = x z a cleans] & beautifi]4 ,ea* phase (f]s _m fasc9at+ possibilities1 reveal$ ?r\gh ! mo/ anci5t z well z ! mo/ rec5t lit]ature1 = ) "t ! olive has ga9$ bo? 9 int]e/ & value4 ,orig9 ,! olive accord+ to ,de ,c&olle has be5 cultivat$ = m ?an #d1jjj ye>s1 probably ! longe/ p]iod = any tree4 ,its e>ly hi/ory is kn[n only ?r\gh anci5t lit]ature1 & anci5t rema9s 9 :i* x s]v$ ei!r z decoration or z a con/itu5t4 ,?r\gh ^! its orig9al home has be5 trac$ to ,asia ,m9or1 a region orig9ally ext5d+ f ,syria to ,greece4 ,t x grew on ,mt4 ,ar>at & 0 ! h>b+] to ,noah ( ! recession ( ! flood is told 9 ,g5esis--8& ! dove came 9 to him 9 ! ev5+1 &1 lo1 9 h] m\? 0 an olive leaf pluckt (f40 ,! anci5t ,egyptians z a "p ( ! fruit ( _! conque/s obta9$ ! olive dur+ ! #ai? dyna/y4 ,mummies1 dat+ f ! #bj? to ! #bf? dyna/y1 h be5 f\nd surr\nd$ by g>l&s ( olive leaves4 ,f ,egypt x spread into nor!rn ,africa4 ,x is said to h be5 tak5 to ,greece by ,cecrops1 ! f\nd] ( ,a!ns4 ,! leg5d /ates t 9 ! reign ( ,cecrops bo? ,poseidon & ,a!na cont5d$ = ! possession ( ,a!ns4 ,! gods resolv$ t :i*ev] ( !m produc$ a gift mo/ useful to mortals %\ld h possession4 ,poseidon /ruck ! gr\nd ) 8 trid5t & /raightway a horse appe>$4 ,a!na !n plant$ ! olive4 ,! gods gave ! city to ! goddess f :om x 0 call$ ,a!nae4 ,p9d> says t all ! slopes ( ,olympus 7 soon cov]$ ) x1 & t ! ,a!nians us$ to cr[n ! victors 9 ! ,olympian games ) its bran*es4 ,lat] x 0 us$ to cr[n _! w>riors & wise citiz5s4 ,! me?od ( oil extraction 0 also obta9$ f outside4 ,! ,greeks are suppos$ to h _h ! wild olive1 ,olea/]1 previ\sly1 b ! fruit ( ?is is valueless4 ,!y are ! fir/ ,european p to h cultivat$ ! olive4 ,its cultivation spread to ! surr\nd+ c\ntries1 :]e ! ,greeks f\nd$ colonies1 ,sicily1 ! coa/ ( ,italy1 & ,gaul1 ^! =m+ nuclei = its spread into ! adjac5t l&s4 ,pl9y /ates1 h[ev]1 t ! olive 0 n introduc$ into ,italy until #fbg ,b4,c41 & t x reappe>$ 9 ,gaul 9 #fjj ,b4,c41 be+ c>ri$ to ! latt] c\ntry by ! ,ph5ician colony t f\nd$ ,m>seilles4 ,! olive 0 c>ri$ lat] by ! ,romans into ! c\ntries 9 :i* !y settl$1 ,spa9 be+ ! mo/ notable1 b x 0 also c>ri$ into ! ,ib]ian p59sula by ! ,arabs4 ,! ,greeks & ! ,romans cultivat$ x on ! nor!rn side ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! ,tyrians on ! s\!rn side1 ! ,arabs f9d+ x !re & c>ry+ x ) !m into ,spa9 :5 !y settl$ 9 t c\ntry4 ,! d\ble orig9 ( ! olive1 ,greco-,roman & ,semitic1 9 ?is latt] c\ntry is borne out by ! names be/[$ on ! olive4 ,9 s\!rn ,spa9 ! tree is call$ aceituno1 ! olive fruit aceituna1 & ! oil aceite1 ! "n evid5tly d]iv$ f ! ,arabic "n zeit\n1 ?is 9 turn be+ d]iv$ f ! ,hebrew zeit4 ,9 nor!rn ,spa9 bo? ,arabic & ,lat9 names are us$1 ! tree is call$ olivo or oliveira1 :]eas ! fruit & oil h ! ,arabic d]ivative names aceituna & aceite respectively1 b ! oil us$ 9 ! *ur* & 9 pa9t+ is call$ oleo4 ,9 ,portugal simil> conditions prevail1 ! cultivat$ olive is call$ by ! ,greco-,lat9 "n oliveira1 :]eas ! wild olive is call$ by ! ,arabic "n zambugeiro1 ! fruit azeitona1 & ! oil azeite4 ,?\gh "s botani/s claim t ! olive is native to ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 no ^w = x is f\nd 9 ! rema9s ( ! language ( ! ,guan*es1 an anci5t1 b ext9ct1 race ( p :o inhabit$ ! isl&s4 ,! available records %[ ! tree to h be5 introduc$ !re s9ce #adjc1 & probably by ! ,ph5icians4 ,! olive 0 introduc$ by ! ,spani>ds into ,*ili1 ,p]u1 ,mexico1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f ,mexico x 0 br\ght by ,jesuit mission>ies into ,l[] ,cali=nia1 ! fir/ settlem5t be+ at ,loreto1 9 #afig4 ,! ,jesuits f\nd$ fifte5 missions1 b 7 sup]s$$ by ,franciscans 9 #agfh4 ,^! latt] proce$$ nor?w>d to ext5d _! "w1 ! fir/ ( _! missions be+ f\nd$ 9 #agfi1 at ,san ,diego4 ,! secul> head ( ! mission1 repres5t+ ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 _h ! =esight to c>ry ! se$s ( fl[]s1 fruits1 gra9s1 & vegetables1 s t fl\ri%+ g>d5s 7 soon br\ght into exi/5ce4 ,:5 ! missions w5t into secul> h&s 9 #ahdc1 ! g>d5s 9 _m cases 7 neglect$ & _m ( ! fruit trees di$4 ,! olive 0 "o ( ! trees t )/ood ! neglect & 0 aft]w>ds us$ = cutt+s by ! emigrants f ! ea/]n /ates :o came 9 #ahdi4 ,f ?is "t on ! olive has receiv$ consid]able att5tion1 _m exp]im5ts be+ made 9 its culture1 & 9 rec5t ye>s ! plant+s h increas$ to an enorm\s ext5t1 due to ! favor accord$ to bo? ! oil & ! fruit4 ,x has spread ar\nd ,san ,diego & ,los ,angeles ea/ into ! ,san ,joaqu9 ,valley & nor? into ! ,sacram5to ,valley 9 ,cali=nia1 & also into ,arizona4 ,9 ! latt] /ate its cultivation is comp>atively rec5t1 s t only ab\t #e p] c5t ( ,am]ican olives are produc$ !re4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! olive is cultivat$ m or less ext5sively 9 ! c\ntries surr\nd+ ! ,m$it]ranean--,asia ,m9or1 ,turkey1 ,greece1 ,italy1 ,au/ria1 ,france1 ,spa91 ,portugal1 ,tunis1 & ,alg]ia4 ,9 ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e ! ma9 s\rce is ,cali=nia1 ?\gh ! olive is cultivat$ 9 "s ( ! c\ntries ( ,s4 ,am]ica4 ,duration ,! olive tree is ( sl[ gr[?1 b if all[$ to gr[ naturally1 x p]si/s = c5turies & atta9s a great size4 ,de ,c&olle describes "o tree #bc feet 9 circumf]5ce1 its age suppos$ to be ov] #gjj ye>s4 ,t\rne=t f\nd fruitful old olive trees betwe5 ,ephesus & ,smyrna :i* mu/ h be5 plant$ be=e ! ,mussulman invasion1 z ,turks _h n plant$ olives1 n e/eem+ !m4 ,! ,m\nt ( ,olives on ! ea/ side ( ,j]usalem 0 among ! places be/ cultivat$4 ,ne> its foot 0 ! grove call$ ,ge?semane 7,ga?-,sem51 oil press7 because ( ! olives ) :i* x 0 cov]$ & ^? ( ! slopes above :]e an abundance ( oil 0 press$ out4 ,9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane !re rema9 only eight ( ^! olive trees t are suppos$ to h exi/$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,*ateaubri&1 writ+ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ( ^! olive trees1 said1 8"o sees !re eight olive trees 9 extreme decrepitude40 ,an article writt5 rec5tly by ,j4 ,d4 ,:it+1 ,am]ican ,vice-,consul at ,j]usalem1 _h an int]e/+ /atem5t relative to "o ( ^! trees4 8,el ,but9i1 ! mo/ fam\s ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane's eight olive trees1 "u :i* ! ,savior is suppos$ to h walk$ dur+ ! night ( agony1 has rec5tly collaps$4 ,! great tree 0 weak5$ by ! locu/ plague dur+ ! spr+ & summ] ( #aiae4 ,:5 ,el ,but9i falls1 !n falls ! ,turk1 runs ! leg5d40 ,?r\gh\t ,europe & ,asia are _m old olive trees1 "s ( !m produc+ abundantly1 _! orig91 h[ev]1 lo/ 9 remote c5turies4 ,! olive is v t5aci\s ( life1 b ! me?ods ( cultivation1 :i* t5d to increase production1 r$uce resi/ance & dim9i% its duration ( life4 ,etymology ,! g5]ic "n ,olea is f ! ,greek elaia1 d]iv$ f ! ,celtic or ,go?ic olew1 oil1 on acc\nt ( ! abundance ( oil 9 ! fruit4 ,! specific "n europaea is giv5 to ! species cultivat$ ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,! olive has be5 giv5 fanciful names by ! e>ly peoples4 ,x 0 kn[n z ! 8tree ( wisdom10 8,m9]va's tree10 ! 8,gift ( ,heav510 etc4 ,! ,greeks consecrat$ ! tree to ,m9]va1 & made x ! symbol ( wisdom1 abundance1 & peace4 ,description ,! olive is an ev]gre5 tree ab\t #bj to #cj feet high1 mu* bran*$ & spread+4 ,x =ms a symmetrical head1 hav+ angul> bran*es & opposite leaves4 ,! leaves are dry & lea!ry 9 texture1 lanceolate1 entire1 deep gre5 above1 & light ho>y b5ea?4 ,! fl[]s are small1 />-%ap$1 creamy :ite ) yell[ c5t]s1 h a fa9t pleas+ odor1 & are axill>y 9 compact racemes4 ,! fruit1 a fle%y p5dul\s drupe1 is v abundant4 ,x is oval1 obovate1 or globul> 9 %ape1 ab\t ! size ( a pigeon's egg1 dull gre5i% yell[ ev5 :5 full size b unripe1 !n gradually becomes yell[1 r$1 & f9ally turns a glossy purpli% black or black :5 ripe4 ,9 rip5+1 ! side expos$ to ! sun r$d5s1 !n gradually ! :ole fruit *anges f r$ to purple1 !n black4 ,z fruit ( all degrees ( rip5ess are develop$ at ! same "t1 ! tree furni%es an extremely beautiful comb9ation ( colors1 ! v>i\s gre5s ( ! leaf & fruits =m+ a backgr\nd = ! splot*es ( r$1 purple1 & black =m$ by ! rip5+ fruit4 ,! fruit is peculi> 9 two respects1 fir/1 9 t x conta9s 9 addition to ! ord9>y con/itu5ts ( fruits an abundance ( edible oil1 consequ5tly mak+ x a valuable food2 second 9 t x conta9s a bitt] sub/ance :i* does n disappe> on maturity1 s t ! fruit _c be eat5 at any /age 9 its developm5t )\t prelim9>y treatm5t = ! elim9ation ( ?is sub/ance4 ,! /one is two-cell$1 _m times only "o se$ develop+4 ,climatic ,requirem5ts ,! olive requires r w>m temp]ature1 light humidity1 & abs5ce ( heavy fro/s4 ,x c )/& temp]atures ( -#g to -#h degrees ,c4 or ev5 l[] if n too prolong$1 & if ! *ange to high] temp]ature be gradual4 ,moi/ cold is m unfavorable ?an dry4 ,! altitude at :i* x w gr[ dep5ds on ! local climate4 ,! climate ( ! c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,m$it]ranean & t ( ,cali=nia are p>ticul>ly favorable4 ,v>ieties ,! wild olive ,olea/] is said to h be5 ! orig9al =m1 call$ by ,l9naeus ,olea europaea sylve/ris1 lat] by ,de ,c&olle ,olea europaea olea/] & ! cultivat$ =m ,olea europaea sativa4 ,! reason = ?is belief is said to be ! olea/] se$s reproduce trees true to type1 :]eas ! se$s ( sativa produce trees hav+ ! *>act]i/ics ( olea/] b1 ?\gh olea/] "u cultivation becomes modifi$ 9 v>i\s ways1 x does n produce fruit l sativa4 ,:i*ev] =m 0 ! orig9al1 ! subjection to cultivation = ov] #d1jjj ye>s1 "u ! v>y+ conditions ( soil1 climate1 & me?ods ( cultivation1 has produc$ _m v>ieties4 ,_m ( ^! d\btless are ! result ( accid5tal modifications1 m or less fix$ by successive cultivations4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are c]ta9 well-def9$ v>ieties :i* are cultivat$1 & ( :i* ! *>act]i/ics are well kn[n1 s t v>ieties may be select$ accord+ to ! purpose desir$1 :e!r = ! pres]vation ( ! fruit gre51 half ripe1 or ripe1 or = extraction ( oil4 ,( ! l>ge numb] ( v>ieties introduc$ into ,cali=nia1 ,wickson reports analyses made by ! ,/ate univ]sity on #eg v>ieties4 ,( ^! only a comp>atively few 7 reta9$ z wor?y ( cultivation1 *ief among ^! be+ ! ,mission olive1 ! "o plant$ orig9ally 9 ,cali=nia 9 ! old mission g>d5s4 ,wickson /ates !re are sev]al sub-v>ieties ( ?is =m4 ,propagation ,! olive is propagat$ by means ( se$s1 cutt+s1 graft+1 & budd+4 ,propagation by se$s is seldom done 9 ?is c\ntry1 z x is s mu* sl[] & m tr\blesome ?an by cutt+s1 aside f ! fact t ! desir$ v>iety may n result4 ,! pulp has to be remov$1 :i* is done usually by all[+ ! fruit to rot or by s(t5+ ) an alkali4 ,unless remov$ f ! /one1 ! se$ may n develop = two ye>s1 o!rwise ! se$ usually spr\ts ! fir/ ye>4 ,propagation by cutt+s is ! commone/ & easie/ me?od1 z ! cutt+s root readily1 & ei!r old or new wood may be us$ s t ! cutt+s may be l>ge or small4 ,cutt+s s5t f ,europe are usually 9 ! =m ( trun*eons1 & ^! may be cut into pieces l firewood & w root4 ,! /ory is told ( a grove 9 ,morocco 9 :i* ! trees exhibit$ a peculi> arrangem5t4 ,! reason giv5 = ?is 0 t a k+ & 8 army on ! way to ! ,sudan _h encamp$ = ! night1 & /akes or pickets to tie ! horses _h be5 cut f a grove ne> by4 ,! pickets 7 left & _h develop$ into trees4 ,?is seems probable en\gh :5 x is consid]$ t pieces ( bran*es are tak51 "o end :ittl$ to a %>p po9t & driv5 into ! gr\nd1 & t ^! pieces w take root & develop4 ,an olive company 9 ,cali=nia has rec5tly transf]r$ #cjjj trees1 #bf ye>s old1 f ,san ,joaqu9 ,c\nty to ,oroville & ,m>ysville4 ,! trunks 7 saw$ (f ab\t #ah in*es above ! gr\nd1 & ! roots #ab in*es f ! /ump4 ,9 a plant+ made #f ye>s previ\sly ! same me?od 0 us$ & result$ successfully4 ,:]e trees are f\nd undesirable = "s reason1 resort is _h to budd+ or graft+4 ,by ^! means ! undesirable trees are n a complete loss1 & results are obta9$ soon]4 ,_m times v>ieties are obta9$ f ,europe :i* on develop+ are n f\nd suit$ to ! conditions 9 ?is c\ntry2 ^! plants may be us$ z /ock = desirable v>ieties or "s desirable v>iety is obta9$ :i* may be propagat$ rapidly by ^! means4 ,! prun+ mu/ be done by p]sons ( und]/&+1 z ! fruit is borne only on ! two-ye> portion ( ! bran*es1 & provision mu/ be made ,illu/ration3 ,ga!r+ ,olives to cut excessive gr[? 9 ! season ( too heavy developm5t & /imulate 9 ! season ( poor developm5t4 ,! prun+ ?us regulates ! gr[? ( ! bran*es :i* two ye>s lat] w control ! production ( ! fruit4 ,prun+ ( v l>ge bran*es is sometimes done to admit m light & heat to ! d>k]1 cool] p>ts ( ! tree4 ,! small bran*es ?us provid$ 9 turn furni% nurs]y /ock4 ,prun+ is done 9 late w9t] & e>ly spr+4 ,f ,m>* to ,octob] no prun+ is done1 b ! trees are c>efully t5d$ ?r\gh cultivation1 irrigation1 & f]tilization4 ,9 ,cali=nia ! "y /ock is set out 9 ! groves 9 ,april1 & ab\t #ce feet ap>t4 ,dur+ ! non-be>+ p]iod1 ! l& betwe51 :i* l all ,cali=nia groves1 is kept 9 good cultivation & free f we$s1 is utiliz$ frequ5tly = o!r crops4 ,?\gh num]\s /ories are writt5 ( ! rem>kable ability ( ! olive tree to gr[ & be> 9 expos$ situations1 & ) only small am\nts ( soil & wat]1 ! olive1 l all o!r fruit trees1 requires bo? cultivation & an adequate am\nt ( wat] if a con/ant & abundant h>ve/ be desir$4 ,z ! groves are irrigat$1 ! prop] am\nt ( wat] may be suppli$ at all times4 ,! wat] is conduct$ ?r\gh a sy/em ( und]gr\nd pipes1 :i* are provid$ ) outlets at ! end ( ea* r[ ( trees4 ,f ^! outlets ! wat] is direct$ into furr[s to wat] ! trees4 ,z ! irrigation is conduct$ by und]gr\nd pipes1 ! groves are easily cultivat$4 ,products ,x w\ld seem t ! olive is rightly & appropriately call$ ! 8,tree ( ,abundance10 = all p>ts ( x h be5 us$1 & to ! anci5ts1 ev5 ) _! limit$ cuis9e z comp>$ ) t ( today1 x 0 a symbol ( pl5ty1 witness ! apo/rophe ( ,k+ ,s5na*]ib1 made c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 :o call$ ,assyria 8,a l& ( corn & w9e2 a l& ( bread & v9ey>ds2 a l& ( oil1 olives1 & honey40 ,,fl[]s ,9 anci5t m$ic9e ! blossoms ( ! olive 7 highly e/eem$1 b are n m5tion$ 9 ! m$ic9e ( today4 ,!y 7 us$ z p\ltices to alleviate pa91 sometimes alone1 sometimes mix$ ) o!r sub/ances4 ,,leaves ,! leaves 7 also us$ 9 m$ic9e1 a decoction made f !m be+ said to /op ble$+1 & on acc\nt ( _! a/r+5cy to r$uce inflammation4 ,! leaves & b>k h an acrid & bitt] ta/e1 & h be5 prescrib$ z sub/itutes = c9*ona4 ,9 ,france an extract ( ! leaves is us$ z a febrifuge1 & has also be5 f\nd valuable 9 prev5t+ hectic p>oxysms4 ,f "t immemorial ! leaf & bran* h be5 employ$ z a symbol ( peace1 & h appe>$ 9 sculpture & pa9t+4 ,no m beautiful emblem ?an ! olive bran* c be select$ or devis$ to symbolize bo? peace & victory1 & z su* has be5 kn[n ?r\gh all ! ages4 ,egyptian mummies1 dat+ f ! #bj? to ! #bf? dyna/y1 h be5 f\nd surr\nd$ by g>l&s ( olive leaves1 & ! tomb ( ! h]o ( today w (t5times h its sculptur$ olive bran*1 tell+ its /ory & mak+ its appeal /rong] ?an c\ld be made by words4 ,besides s]v+ = e/hetic purposes1 ! leaves1 9 spite ( _! a/r+5cy1 are eat5 by animals z =age1 s t ! trees h to be protect$ f !m4 ,x is curi\s t ) all ! ravages made by animals on ! olive trees 9 ! neglect$ mission g>d5s 9 ,cali=nia1 aft] ! mission>ies _h gone1 "s ( ^! same trees furni%$ scions = _m ( ! olive groves ( today4 ,,wood ,! wood ( ! olive tree is mu* priz$ = c]ta9 purposes4 ,x is v close1 f9e-gra9$1 yell[ to yell[i% br[n ) irregul> wavy br[n to black l9es & mottl+s1 especially ne> ! root4 ,x has no di/+ui%able annual r+s or pi? rays1 & has ev5ly di/ribut$ vessels4 ,x takes a beautiful poli%4 ,at pres5t x is employ$ *iefly 9 la!-"w & c>v+ = small fancy articles1 & = cab9et "w4 ,9 anci5t times x seems to h _h a mu* wid] application1 due no d\bt to ! size ( ! trees1 :i* 7 l>g] z a result ( n be+ subject$ to ! rigor\s cultivation & prun+ :i* !y receive today4 ,! ,bible /ates t olive wood 0 us$ 9 ! ,temple4 ,9 ! "t ( ,pl9y x furni%$ mat]ial = con/ruction ( %ips1 = wagon spokes1 w$ges1 columns1 p$e/als1 /atues1 & furniture4 ,! ,romans us$ bo? ! wild & cultivat$ trees4 ,! wood indu/ry 0 develop$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,nice 9 bo? ,france & ,italy1 & /ill fl\ri%es4 ,a consid]able am\nt has be5 export$ to ,engl& 9 rec5t ye>s = ! manufacture ( walk+ /icks4 ,! poor] quality is us$ = firewood1 is inflammable1 & produces great heat4 ,,b>k ,! b>k conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( tann94 ,= m$ic9al purposes x is r$uc$ to p[d] & acts z an a/r+5t1 a tonic1 & a febrifuge4 ,9 w>m climates a res9 is exud$ f x :i* solidifies 9 ! air4 ,x is call$ ,lecca gum1 z x 0 fir/ f\nd ne> ,lecca4 ,x conta9s "s b5zoic acid among o!r con/itu5ts & 9 anci5t times 0 prescrib$ 9 m$ic9e1 b is n at pres5t1 & ! gum is consid]$ valueless4 ,,fruit ,! fruit has be5 consid]$ a *oice food at all times4 ,x has appe>$ at ! fea/s ( epicures1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 z a reli%1 & to be eat5 at ! end ( ! repa/ z "p ( ! dess]t1 & at all times x has also furni%$ a /aple food = ! poor 9 ! ,ori5t & 9 ,greek & ,lat9 c\ntries4 ,^? :o 7 well provid$ 7 admoni%$ to h c>e = ^? less =tunate3 8,:5 ?\ beate/ ?9e olive tree1 ?\ %alt n g ov] ! b\ghs aga92 x %all be = ! /rang]1 = ! fa!rless1 & = ! wid[40 7,deut]onomy ,,xxiv41 #bj47 ,! p oblig$ to live frugally h f\nd x a great res\rce1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,l5t & = ^? at a di/ance f ! sea unable to obta9 fre% fi%4 ,x is said t ,plato pref]r$ olives to all o!r foods1 & (t5 made a meal on !m alone4 ,?\gh olives are kn[n & consum$ ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w1 comp>atively few p]sons1 aside f ^? liv+ 9 ! regions ( _! cultivation1 "k t olives h to und]go c]ta9 treatm5t be=e !y c be eat54 ,x is a common practise 9 olive regions to enc\rage ! visitor to ta/e ! fruit directly f ! tree4 ,! fruit1 bo? gre5 & black1 looks s f9e & tempt+1 t ! disgu/ on ta/+ is correspond+ly great4 ,x is claim$ t "s ( ! old] v>ieties c\ld be eat5 )\t prep>ation1 t !y dri$ naturally1 & 7 sweet l rais9s4 ,! olive conta9s a bitt] & acrid sub/ance or sub/ances :i* mu/ be remov$ be=e ! olives are edible4 ,x is ref]r$ to 9 mo/ ( ! lit]ature z a 8bitt] pr9ciple01 & has be5 call$ an acid1 a tann91 & m rec5tly a glucoside4 ,cruess has repeat$ ! "w ( ! v>i\s inve/igators1 :o claim$ ^! diff]5t sub/ances1 & z a result has come to ! conclusion t x is a glucoside1 t is1 a comb9ation ( glucose ) ano!r comp\nd4 ,9 immature fle%y fruits !re is usually an accumulation ( acids1 tann9s1 & sometimes />*4 ,z rip5+ proce$s1 c>bohydrates & aromatic sub/ances are =m$1 & ! bitt]1 acrid1 or a/r+5t ta/e disappe>s4 ,9 ! olive !re is no />* f\nd at any /age ( maturity4 ,glucose has be5 f\nd 9 all /ages1 & is suppos$ to be ! sub/ance f :i* ! oil is =m$4 ,! oil is 9 v m9ute quantities 9 ! fruit up to ! "t :5 ! pit is =m$1 f !n on x increases gradually up to its maximum :5 ! fruit is n q mature4 ,9 ! plant economy ! fat or oil is "o ( ! mo/ important food res]ves ( plants4 ,all p>ts ( ! fruit--r9d1 fle%1 /one1 & se$--conta9 oil1 ! fle%y "p1 =m+ ab\t #hj ( ! fruit1 conta9+ ! l>ge/ am\nt4 ,contr>y to ! condition exi/+ 9 mo/ fruits1 ! bitt]ness rema9s ?r\gh all /ages ( developm5t 9 ! olive4 ,a sub/ance ( glucosidic nature1 giv5 ! "n 8oleurope9e01 has be5 isolat$1 & f\nd to be ( extreme bitt]ness4 ,?is may be ! sub/ance or "o ( ! sub/ances :i* cause ! in$ibility ( ! untreat$ olive4 ,! oil is ! mo/ important con/itu5t ( ! fruit on acc\nt ( its high food value & its use 9 ! indu/ries4 ,x is us$ to a l>ge ext5t 9 cold c\ntries & also 9 dry c\ntries :]e !re are few cattle1 ! oil tak+ 9 ! v>i\s cul9>y op]ations1 ! place ( butt] & o!r fats4 ,among ! anci5t ,jews ! oil 0 consid]$ indisp5sable & z necess>y z bread4 ,an abundance ( oil 0 look$ ^u z a bless+ f ,god4 ,va/ public /oreh\ses 7 con/ruct$ to hold x = ! sc>ce ye>s4 ,to ! ,greeks ! ?ree indisp5sable foods 7 oil1 gra9s1 & w9e1 ! oil ent]+ into mo/ ( _! di%es4 ,! ,romans _h a l>ge trade 9 ! oil1 & x 0 also us$1 to a l>ge ext5t1 9 _! dome/ic cook+4 ,9 ,italy & ,spa9 /reet v5dors fry fritt]s 9 ! oil & sell !m :ile hot4 ,x has consid]able use 9 cons]v+ fi%1 p>ticul>ly s>d9es4 ,! high] grades ( ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 ,norwegian1 & ,am]ican s>d9es are pack$ 9 olive oil4 ,?is use has be5 ext5d$ 9 rec5t ye>s to ! pack+ ( tuna fi%4 ,olive oil occupies a high position z a vegetable fat4 ,_m o!rs h be5 prep>$ & (f]$ z sub/itutes1 & if judg$ by *emical composition alone1 give practically equal food value1 b are lack+ 9 ! delici\s flavor :i* makes olive oil di/9ctive & gives x a sup]iority ov] all o!r oils4 ,! oil is a l>ge factor 9 ! indu/ries2 x s]ves z an extractive ( p]fumes1 z a con/itu5t ( f9e1 smoo? soaps1 & z a lubricant 9 wat* factories4 ,=m]ly ! l[] grades 7 us$ commonly = lubricat+ purposes1 b ) improv$ me?ods ( cl>ify+ & ! great] exp5se att5dant on its use1 x has be5 sup]s$$ by *eap] lubricants4 ,an enorm\s quantity has be5 & is /ill us$ 9 religi\s c]emonies1 9 ! ord9ations ( ! cl]gy & rul]s1 & ano9t+ 9 ! sacram5ts1 besides by old _w peoples g5]ally 9 ! lamps 9 ! *ur*es & temples1 _m ( :i* are kept burn+ cont9ually4 ,an idea ( ! va/ am\nt consum$ = ?is purpose c be obta9$ f ! fact t 9 "o mosque alone !re are #a1bjj lamps burn+ con/antly1 & requir+ ab\t #be1jjj kilos ( oil annually4 ,9 m$ic9e x has be5 & is /ill us$ ext5sively4 ,! anci5ts rubb$ x on _! bodies to make ! muscles supple & to cleanse & protect ! sk91 p>ticul>ly aft] ba?+1 & x /ill functions = ^! purposes4 ,x 0 us$ to heal w\nds1 9 l9im5ts1 & z a mild laxative4 ,at pres5t x is a con/itu5t ( l9im5ts1 o9tm5ts1 c]ates1 & pla/]s4 ,! p :o are habitual patrons ( ! olive & its oil are not$ = _! smoo?1 beautiful complexions4 ,x is said 8! w>m rosy complexion ( ! ,italian & ,sicilian wom5 is due to ! free use ( olive oil z mu* z to ! air & climate ( _! c\ntry40 ,! residue or m>c :i* rema9s aft] ! oil is extract$ is us$ z a food = %eep & hogs1 = f]tiliz]1 & = fuel1 & !re is obta9$ f x a cle>1 illum9at+ gas4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,fruit ,=eign ,9 ! e>ly prep>ation ( olives 9 ord] to remove ! bitt]ness1 !y 7 soak$ 9 wat]1 :i* 0 r5ew$ f "t to "t1 sometimes hot wat] be+ us$4 ,! olives1 aft] dra9+1 7 !n held 9 br9e4 ,! gre5 olives z well z ! mature & black 7 us$4 ,! ,romans ex]cis$ ! greate/ c>e 9 _! prep>ation1 & introduc$ ref9em5ts1 by n only remov+ ! bitt]ness1 b by caus+ !m to acquire v>i\s flavors ?r\gh infusion 9 solutions conta9+ aromatic sub/ances4 ,"o ( _! me?ods = ! prep>ation ( gre5 olives consi/$ 9 add+ roa/$ salt to ! olives aft] a prelim9>y soak+ 9 hot wat]1 !n cov]+ !m ) grape mu/1 boil$ w9e1 or honey wat]1 & to ?is solution 7 add$ f5nel1 m9t1 & l5tiscus se$4 ,f5nel 0 us$ z a tampon to keep ! olives imm]s$4 ,a simpl] me?od 0 to use v9eg> ) ! br9e4 ,sometimes ! olives 7 beat5 to facilitate ! action1 b ?is caus$ discoloration1 :i* 0 avoid$ by mak+ cuts 9 !m4 ,! br9e 0 replac$ by oil z a pres]v+ liquid4 ,ano!r me?od 0 to put ! olives ) ! aromatics 9 ! br9e at ! />t1 !n !y 7 remov$1 cru%$ lightly1 & put 9 a mixture ( oil1 v9eg>1 & honey1 to :i* 7 add$ leek1 cel]y1 m9t1 & sometimes rue4 ,! rue 0 suppos$ to be mo/ efficaci\s 9 br++ out ! natural flavor1 & 0 mo/ priz$4 ,! mature olives 7 fir/ put 9 br9e = #cj to #dj days1 !n put 9 ! pres]v+ liquid ) ! aromatics4 ,olives prep>$ 9 ! ways indicat$ 7 kn[n z 8,colymbades04 ,a =m ( cons]ve made by ! anci5ts1 & to :i* ! "n 8,epityrum0 0 giv51 consi/$ 9 tak+ gre51 mature1 or black fruit1 ?\gh1 z 9 ! =m]1 ! gre5 7 pref]r$1 & dry+ !m 9 ! %ade1 aft] :i* !y 7 put 9 baskets1 & cru%$ 9 a press4 ,! cru%$ fruit 0 !n put 9 vessels1 spr9kl$ ) salt1 & _h mix$ ) x l5tiscus se$ & m9c$ leaves ( f5nel & rue1 & 0 f9ally cov]$ ) oil4 ,_m recipes h be5 left by ! anci5ts1 ! prep>ations v>y+ z to "t1 /r5g? ( solutions1 mixtures ( spices1 etc4 ,to ! recipes ( ,palladius 7#aeah-aehj7 is ow$ ! k t ! ,romans 7 cognizant ( & us$ lye solutions1 ?\gh ?is is suppos$ to be a mod]n practise4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> recipe sift$ a%es are indicat$ z "o ( ! +r$i5ts1 & x is suppos$ t ?is recipe1 *ang$ 9 detail1 furni%$ ! basis = pres5t day me?ods4 ,! use ( wood a%es 0 introduc$ into ,france by an ,italian refugee nam$ ,pi*ol9i1 :o settl$ 9 ,prov5ce1 devot+ himself to ! prep>ation & sale ( pres]v$ olives4 ,! olives pres]v$ accord+ to 8 process are call$ 8olives a la ,pi*ol9e04 ,previ\s to 8 "t ! prep>ation 9 s\!rn ,france consi/$ ( cru%+ ! olives lightly1 imm]s+ 9 cle> wat]1 :i* 0 r5ew$ ea* day = ab\t n9e days1 !n pres]v+ 9 br9e4 ,?is latt] process is /ill employ$ = ! olives 9 :i* appe>ance is n an asset4 ,= ! m c>efully prep>$ ones1 ! me?od 0 to pick by h& :5 ! olives _h atta9$ full developm5t1 !n !y 7 c>efully sort$1 & imm]s$ 9 lye1 ! duration 9 ! lye dep5d+ on ! size ( ! fruit1 & ! conc5tration ( ! lye4 ,!y 7 remov$ f ! lye :5 ! fle% 0 p5etrat$ to1 & readily deta*$ f1 ! /one4 ,!re are _m v>iations ( ! lye treatm5t4 ,9 ! olive c\ntries ! prep>ation is done 9 ! homes z well z 9 factories1 & x is 9 ! homes1 naturally1 t ! greate/ v>iations occur4 ,lime is (t5 us$ ) ! a%es1 "o =mula consi/+ ( ! olives mix$ ) a pa/e ( wood a%es & fre%ly slak$ lime4 ,9 ! ord9>y me?ods1 h[ev]1 a solution is made ( ! sift$ a%es & lime1 sometimes sodium c>bonate tak+ ! place ( ! a%es4 ,9 ! ord9>y factory prep>ations bo? a%es & lime are omitt$1 & ei!r cau/ic soda or pota% us$4 ,:5 remov$ f ! lye1 ! olives are put 9 cle> wat]1 *ang$ night & morn+ = ?ree or f\r days1 !n put 9 br9e4 ,! e>ly acc\nts ( olive prep>ation %[ q conclusively t great v>iation 9 /r5g? ( ! cau/ic solution 0 inevitable1 b =tunately ! t5d5cy to err 0 on ! weak] side4 ,x 0 n until ! mod]n introduction ( cau/ic prep>ations ( soda & pota% t /&>dization ( ! process 0 possible4 ,ev5 ) ?is possibility ! practise rema9s l>gely empirical & is bas$ ^u ! exp]i5ce ( ! op]ator4 ,"s /ill adh]e to ! use ( weak solutions1 tak+ consid]able "t to act ^u ! olive1 :]eas o!rs use relatively /rong solutions s z to ha/5 ! process4 ,! br9e us$ has be5 subject to q z m>k$ v>iation z ! lye4 ,a weak br9e has be5 us$ 9 ord] to enc\rage ! natural f]m5tation ( ! fruit1 :i* corresponds to ! f]m5tation 9 our cucumb] pickles4 ,! o!r extreme is repres5t$ by ! use ( a v /rong br9e :i* practically inhibit$ all f]m5tative *ange & ?is same br9e 0 filt]$ & us$ a succe$+ season4 ,e gradation betwe5 ^! extremes has be5 9 common use4 ,z might be expect$1 m or less ( ! fruit s(t5$ & und]w5t *anges :i* at pres5t w\ld be reg>d$ z decomposition or rott+ r ?an z clean1 normal f]m5tation4 ,! e/hetic side ( olive prep>ation has n always be5 ( ! highe/ ord]1 ?\gh1 z 9 ! case ( _m o!r foods1 v great improvem5t has be5 wr\ght 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,ev5 ) ! lat] me?ods ! use ( aromatic sub/ances has n be5 ab&on$1 & _m ( ^! are us$1 su* z bay leaves1 cloves1 cori&]1 cum91 m9t1 orange sk91 f5nel1 etc41 ! am\nts & comb9ations v>y+ greatly4 ,sometimes ! aromatics are fir/ extract$1 ! solution conc5trat$1 & a quantity ( ?is solution add$ to ! br9e1 or !y are boil$ 9 ! br9e at ! />t1 !n remov$1 & :5 ! br9e is cool$1 x is ready = use4 ,9 ,spa9 ! ripe olives are n treat$ ord9>ily ) lye1 b by ! sl[] process ( soak+ 9 wat]4 ,! black olives1 ga!r$ late 9 ! ye>1 are cur$ 9 a salt br9e to :i* black pepp] is add$4 ,aft] ! bitt]ness is remov$1 !y are pres]v$ 9 oil4 ,a process us$ at pres5t = ripe olives :i* is v simple b effective1 is to mix f9e salt ) !m aft] !y h be5 clean$ & sort$4 ,!y are /irr$ twice a day1 & ?r\gh ! osmotic action ( ! salt1 a d>k-color$ juice is exud$ :i* conta9s1 among o!r con/itu5ts1 ! sub/ance caus+ ! bitt]ness4 ,to ha/5 ! action ! olives are pi]c$ ) a ne$le4 ,! ,spani>ds v>y ?is me?od by add+ aromatics1 z wild m>joram1 ?yme1 f5nel se$1 anise se$1 g>lic1 laurel leaves1 etc41 at ! same "t z ! salt4 ,! special spice mixtures are held z trade secrets by ! manufactur]s4 ,:5 ! bitt]ness has be5 remov$1 ! olives are wa%$1 dri$ lightly1 & plac$ 9 casks or j>s until requir$4 ,be=e be+ s]v$ ! olives are soak$ 9 oil4 ,"o /yle ( ,greek pack+ ( ripe olives is ( special excell5ce4 ,s\r w9e is add$ to ! pickle to acc5tuate ! flavor & ! product is pack$ 9 oil4 ,! olives are plump1 t5d]1 & brilliant1 & possess a v ri* flavor4 ,9 p>ts ( ,s\!rn ,europe c]ta9 k9ds ( olives are left on ! trees to become v ripe1 & are !n dri$ 9 ! sun )\t any prep>ation4 ,^! are only us$ locally z !y are lack+ 9 ! f9e flavor ( ! prep>$ olive4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! olive1 bo? gre5 & ripe1 dur+ all ^! c5turies1 !re _h be5 no attempt at /]ilization4 ,! olive 0 pres]v$ by p>tial dry+1 by ! action ( salt1 & by its spontane\s f]m5tation 9 pickle 9 :i* c]ta9 desirable =ms ( organisms _h ! asc5d5cy4 ,) ! good fruit ?us prep>$1 !re mu/ h be5 consid]able :i* 0 spoil$1 & yet no illness is kn[n to h result$4 ,?\gh olives h figur$ s l>gely 9 ! alim5tation ( s\!rn ,europe1 ! oil p>ticul>ly be+ s important & g5]al a food1 ! p ( nor!rn ,europe h n e/eem$ ei!r to an important ext5t4 ,) ! crude me?ods 9 vogue = transport+ ! oil1 & ! lack ( und]/&+ z to its nature1 x is suppos$ t _! apa!tic attitude 0 due to its be+ receiv$ 9 poor condition4 ,9 ,engl& also1 ?\gh s close to ! olive gr[+ di/ricts1 ! olive has n be5 us$ to any consid]able ext5t1 judg+ f its abs5ce f m5us & f _! cook]y4 ,9 exam9+ old cook]y books x 0 surpris+ to f9d no m5tion ( olives4 ,9 ,russel's 8,boke ( ,nurture0 & ,mrs4 ,napi]'s 8,noble ,boke (f ,cookry0 ! manuscripts dat+ f ! #ae? c5tury1 !re is no m5tion ( olives1 ?\gh !re are condim5ts & spices f =eign c\ntries us$ 9 sauces & o!r prep>ations4 ,nei!r is !re any m5tion ( olives 9 8,! ,closet ( ,sir ,k5elm ,digby ,op5$0 writt5 9 ! #ag? c5tury1 ?\gh ,digby _h travel$ mu* & liv$ on ! cont95t4 ,! e>lie/ m5tion 9 #ag cook]y books1 publi%$ 9 ! #ag? & #ah? c5turies is ! foll[+1 publi%$ 9 #agde1 & :i* is really a translation ( a ,fr5* "w by ,l4 ,lem]y1 physician to ! ,k+1 & memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy4 ,x is int]e/+ 9 %[+ ! _m virtues attribut$ to olives4 8,,( ,,olives0 8,y ought to *use su* z are l>ge1 pulpy1 well pres]v'd & ta/$1 & ^? t h be5 cultivat$ 9 hot ,c\ntries4 ,!y create an ,appetite1 =tify ! ,/oma*1 dissolve & expell ! visc\s & gross ,hum\rs fix'd !re1 repress ,rea*+s1 & are a little n\ri%+4 ,!y produce no ill ,effects1 unless !y are u'd to excess4 ,!y conta9 mu* ,oil1 ,phlegm1 & ess5tial ,salt4 ,!y agree 9 cold ,wea!r ) any ,sort ( ,age & ,con/itution1 provid$ !y are good1 & well pres]v'd40 ,rem>ks 8,olives are oblong or oval & juicy ,fruits1 l>g] or small]1 accord+ to ! ,c\ntry !y gr[ 93 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to ga!r !m be=e !y are ripe1 & !n !y h a h>% bitt] ,ta/e n to be endur$1 because _! salts are clogg'd & swall['d up by ! e>?y & gross ,p>ts4 ,olives are pres]v'd ) ,wat] & ,salt1 & !n !y become pleas+ to ! ,ta/e2 ! ,reason is1 because ! ,liquor ( ,br9e causes a little ,f]m5tation 9 ! ,olives1 by ! ,help !re( ! ,salts free !mselves by degrees ( ! e>?y ,p>ts t d reta9 !m2 & aft]w>ds ) m ,lightness & ,delicacy prick ! n]v\s ,fibres ( ! ,tongue4 8,! ,br9e produces ano!r good ,effect 9 ! ,olives2 = by its sal9e ,p>ts x /ops up ! ,pores ( ?is ,fruit1 & prev5ts ! ,air f ent'r+ too mu* into x1 & !reby cause a consid]able ,f]m5tation !re91 :i* de/roys ! ,fruit1 & soon rots !m4 ,olives well pres]v'd create an ,appetite1 by g5tly prick+ ! ,sides ( ! ,/oma*1 n only by _! acid ,salts1 b also by ^? communicat$ to !m by ! ,pickle4 ,!y also b9d up & =tify ! ,/oma* by _! e>?y ,p>ts1 :i* swall[ up ! ov]-ab\nd+ ,moi/ures t relax ! ,fibres ( t ,"p4 ,! ,pi*ol9es are ,olives cut 9 sev]al ,places1 & !n /eep'd 9 ,pickle2 !y are soon] 9 a ,condition to be eat5 ?an o!rs1 because t by ! ,help ( ! ,incision made 9 !m1 ! ,br9e or ,pickle is soon] & m effectually communicat$ to _! :ole ,sub/ance4 ,oil ( ,olives is mu* u'd 9 ,ailm5ts2 x's ( a qualify+1 mollify+1 anod9e1 dissolv+ & det]sive ,nature1 good = ! ,*olic & ,bloody-flux1 & is prep>'d 9 ?is ,mann]4 ,!y get toge!r 9 ,novemb] or ,decemb]1 a great ,quantity ( full ripe ,olives1 & lay !m by = a ,"t 9 "s ,corn] ( ! ,h\se1 :]e !y are heat$1 & !reby become purifi$ ( _! watry ,moi/ure2 !n !y gr9d !m 9 a ,mill1 & put !m into ,ru% or ,palm ,frails1 plac'd on ! ,top ( "o ano!r ,pressways1 & ! fir/ ,oil t comes f !m1 is call$ ,virg9's ,oil4 ,!y spr9kle ! ,olives ) w>m wat]1 & by press+ !m a-new1 & /ill ! m1 !re comes a good ,oil f !m4 ,?is done1 !y /ir ! ,olives aga91 & spr9kle !m ) hot ,wat]1 f :i*1 ?us ord]'d1 !re proce$s ano!r ,oil full ( ,dregs1 & n s good z ! re/4 ,^! ,oils are easily sep>at$ f ! ,wat]1 because !y swim a top1 b !y f9d a ,k9d ( ,lees to ! ,bottom1 :i* ! ,anci5ts call$ ,amurca4 ,^? ,olives ( :i* y design to make ,oil1 mu/ rip5 'till !y are ev5 rott52 & ! ,reason is1 because ! sulphur\s ,p>ts 9 !m h _h ,"t to dis5gage !mselves f ^? gross ,pr9ciples1 :i* be=e fix'd !m1 :i* we "k by ! sweeti% & oily ,ta/e t !n !y _h4 ,!y also let !m f]m5t = "s "t be=e !y press !m1 t s ^? sulphur\s ,p>ts may free !mselves1 & be m fully sep>at$ f ! watry & sal9e ,p>ts1 ) :i* !y 7 unit$ 9 ! ,fruits4 ,"h x is to be obs]v'd t y _c extract a ,drop ( ,oil f gre5 olives1 b only a visc\s ,juice1 because _! oily ,pr9ciples are v /rictly unit$ ) _! o!r ,pr9ciples4 ,! ,leaves ( ! ,olive-,tree are a/r+5t1 & fit = to /op ! ,ble$+ ( ! ,nose1 & ,loos5ess4 ,!re are c]ta9 wild ,olive-,trees t gr[ ne> ! ,r$-,sea1 f :i* !re sweats out a ,gum t /ops ,blood1 & cures ,w\nds4 ,! ,olive-,tree 9 ,lat9 call$ ,olea1 comes f ! ,greek ,^w elaia :i* also signifies ! same ,?+40 99 99 99 99 99 ,a lat] "w1 8,! ,lady's ,assi/ant0 publi%$ 9 #aggh1 gives a mu* bett] idea ( h[ little !y 7 us$ at t "t 9 ,engl&4 ,,olives 8,,olives are ! fruits ( trees1 :i* gr[ wild 9 ! w>m] p>ts ( ,europe2 we h !m 9 "s ( our g>d5s2 b ) u !y w n rip5 to any p]fection4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds1 ! ,italian1 ,spani%1 & ,fr5*2 we h !m !re=e ( v>i\s sizes & flavors2 "s pref] "o1 & "s ! o!r4 ,! f9e sallad oil1 z has be5 be=e m5tion$1 is made f ?is fruit1 = :i* purpose !y are ga!r$ ripe2 b = pickl+ !y are ga!r$ :5 half-ripe1 at ! latt] end ( ,june3 !y are put into fre% wat] to soak = two days2 aft] ?is !y ?r[ !m into lime-wat] 9 :i* "s pe>l-a%es h be5 dissolv$3 !y lie 9 ?is liquor six-&-?irty h\rs2 !n !y are ?r[n into wat] :i* has _h bay-salt dissolv$ 9 x3 ?is is ! la/ prep>ation1 & !y are s5t ov] to u 9 ?is liquor3 !y are naturally z !y gr[ on ! tree v bitt]1 & !re=e require all ^! prep>ations to br+ !m to _! f9e flavor4 ,to "s olives !y add a small quantity ( ess5ce ( spices1 :i* is an oil drawn f cloves1 nutmeg1 c9namon1 cori&] & sweet-f5nel se$ di/ill$ toge!r = t purpose3 twelve drops are en\gh = a bu%el ( olives3 "s pref] !m flavor$ ) ?is ess5ce1 b o!rs l !m be/ pla940 ,at pres5t ! use ( aromatic sub/ances comm]cially is n l>ge4 ,x is cont5d$ t consum]s _c use flavor$ olives 9 sauces or o!r prep>ations s freely1 z extrane\s flavors are introduc$ :i* 9 "s cases are undesirable1 ! unflavor$ olive p]mitt+ great] fre$om 9 use4 ,= ! prep>ation ( ! gre5 olives 8a la ,sevillane10 ! fruit is fir/ treat$ ) alkali1 !n wa%$ 9 cle> wat]1 aft] :i* x is put into #b or #c p] c5t boil$ br9e1 :]e aft] a "t f]m5tation />ts1 :i* imp>ts a slight lactic acid ta/e to ! fruit4 ,x is !n wa%$ 9 wat]1 grad$ = size1 & put 9 b>rels ) a #e or #f salt1 :5 !y are ready = consumption4 ,! half ripe olives are put 9 a boil$ br9e ( #ab to #ae = six days1 aft] :i* !y are wa%$ 9 runn+ wat] & !n put 9 j>s 9 a #f to #h br9e ) a bay leaf & a sprig ( ?yme & f5nel4 ,olives prep>$ 9 ?is way are call$ 8a la ,prov5cale40 ,a v>iation on ?is me?od1 call$ 8a la ,madril5e0 is to put ! olives 9 b>rels1 aft] ! prelim9>y salt+ & wa%+1 9 #aj br9e ) r$ pimi5to1 pepp] corns1 laurel1 ?yme1 & tomato pure4 ,! black olives are ga!r$ at ! "t ( ! *ange 9 color1 & put 9 wat]1 r5ew$ e #ab h\rs1 until ! bitt]ness has disappe>$1 :i* requires #dj to #ej days1 sometimes ev5 long]4 ,!y are !n put into br9e4 ,! l>ge olive 8,la ,tan*e0 aft] sort+ & clean+ is put directly into a #aj to #ae br9e 9 wood5 casks or cem5t tanks :i* hold f #d1jjj to #f1jjj kilos4 ,:5 ! bitt]ness has be5 ab/ract$1 !y are ready = sale4 ,! br9e is decant$ & held until ! foll[+ ye>4 ,to prep>e !m s t !y may be ready = sale soon]1 ! fruit is run ov] a roll] provid$ ) f9e po9ts :i* p]=ate ! sk91 aft] :i* ! olives are put 9 lay]s & spr9kl$ g5]\sly ) salt4 ,!y are /irr$ frequ5tly1 & :5 !y 8sweat10 !y are put 9 b>rels ) pepp] corns & bay leaves1 or 9 j>s ) olive oil & condim5ts1 or !y may be put 9 j>s )\t any addition z !y are pres]v$ by _! own oil & ! absorb$ salt4 ,! me?ods ( prep>ation cit$ are ^? us$ = olives consum$ 9 =eign c\ntries1 v few ?us prep>$ be+ import$1 z !y are kn[n only to olive connoisseurs4 ,import$ ,gre5 ,olives ,ne>ly all ! gre5 olives us$ 9 ?is c\ntry come f ,spa9 & are g5]ally kn[n z 8,que5 olives40 ,9 ye>s ( %ortage a few come f ,italy1 ,greece1 & ,france4 ,!y are h& pick$1 clean$1 treat$ 9 ! usual way ) lye1 & wa%$1 b dur+ ?is process c>e is ex]cis$ to prev5t !m be+ expos$ to ! air z x is desir$ to reta9 ! gre5 color4 ,!y are !n grad$ = size & quality & plac$ 9 huge casks or 8pipes0 ) suffici5t br9e to cov] !m4 ,! 8pipes0 are expos$ to ! sun to favor ! f]m5tation :i* requires six weeks or m1 dep5d+ ^u ! temp]ature4 ,dur+ ! f]m5tation1 ! olives *ange sl[ly f deep gre5 to gold54 ,! pipes hold f #afj to #ahj gallons & are us$ = %ipp+ ! olives to ?is c\ntry4 ,t5 p] c5t br9e is us$ = fill+ ! casks1 b ! br9e weak5s dur+ ! cur+ & is usually #g or #g-a_/b at ! f9i%4 ,! ,que5 olives are h& grad$ = size on ! basis ( ! numb] p] kilo4 ,! foll[+ grades are made3 ,,que5 ,,olives #fj-gj #gj-hj #hj-ij #ij-ajj #ajj-aaj #aaj-abj #abj-acj #acj-adj #adj-aej #aej-afj #afj-ahj #ahj-bjj #bjj-bbj ,!y are also grad$ = quality1 z3 8prime0 or 8fir/ quality10 8seconds10 & 8,que5 culls40 ,only ! fir/ & second grade are s5t to ?is c\ntry ?\gh all sizes are1 b !re is no designation by :i* ! consum] may obta9 a desir$ size4 ,! t]m ,que5 olive may mean ^? hav+ only #fj to ! kilo or ^? ) #bbj to ! kilo4 ,"s gre5 olives are pack$ 9 t9s & %ipp$ to ?is c\ntry & a comp>atively few are br\ght 9 bottles4 ,! import]s pref] to pur*ase ! olives 9 bulk & pack accord+ to _! trade requirem5ts1 "u ! sanit>y conditions impos$ 9 ?is c\ntry r ?an ^? f\nd abroad4 ,! olives are transf]r$ f ! pipes to bottles & ei!r suppli$ ) fre% br9e or ! br9e f ! pipe is c>efully filt]$ & only su* addition made z ne$$ to make up ! diff]5ce4 ,! use ( ! orig9al liquor gives a decid$ly bett] flavor1 ?\gh x is (t5 sacrific$ 9 ord] to get "o :i* is p]fectly cle>4 ,! gre5 olive is retail$ almo/ :olly 9 glass1 ei!r 9 fancy h& pack$ packages or 9 p9t & qu>t j>s4 ,_m attempts h be5 made to create a sale 9 t9 conta9]s1 b )\t success z !re are decid$ advantages 9 be+ able to see ! size & quality4 ,see+ ! fruit no d\bt frequ5tly sugge/s its use & pur*ase4 ,a few olives are /ill retail$ 9 bulk b !y soon become cov]$ ) yea/ & o!r organisms1 & h an unattractive appe>ance4 ,! orig9 ( ! /uff$ olive is ( v rec5t date1 b by :om orig9at$ is n q cle>4 ,accord+ to an au?ority#a on ,spani% olives1 /uff$ olives 7 unkn[n be=e #ahic-d4 ,x 0 9 #ahie t ,seor ,picasa1 ! g5]al manag] ( ! ,sevilla ,pack+ ,company1 _h se5 olives /uff$ ) pimi5tos 9 ,spa91 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> introduc$ !m into ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! company pack+ !m "u ! copyright$ "n ( 8,pimola40 ,9 #ahig1 a ,spani% h\se pack$ pepp]-/uff$ olives1 & lat] on o!r firms also1 among ! latt] _m ,am]ican firms4 ,z ! pimi5to is gr[n & prep>$ 9 ,spa91 & labor *eap] !re ?an "h1 ! indu/ry has be5 practically transf]r$ to t c\ntry4 #a4 ,h4 ,c4 ,newcomb1 =m] vice-consul to ,spa94 ,! op]ation ( /uff+ consi/s 9 remov+ ! pit & fill+ ! cavity ) "s o!r sub/ance1 p>ticul>ly pimi5to1 ^! =m+ ! bulk ( ! /uff$ olive trade4 ,! bright r$ ( ! latt] gives a pleas+ contra/ ) ! gre51 & ! mild pung5cy is v agreeable to _m p]sons4 ,pickl$ cel]y1 cap]s1 etc41 h be5 us$1 b 7 n s favorably receiv$1 & at pres5t1 ! sub/ances us$ to any ext5t1 aside f ! pimi5to1 are ,manzanillos /uff$ ) pieces ( ,que5s1 & "s /uff$ ) an*ovies = ! ,s\? ,am]ican trade4 ,pitt+ ma*9es h be5 devis$1 & also ma*9es = /uff+ ! olives1 b ! "w done by ! /uff+ ma*9es is crude z comp>$ ) h& "w4 ,! olives us$ = /uff+ are ! ,manzanillo :i* are small] ?an ! ,que54 ,! sizes are z foll[s3 ,,manzanillo 7,/uff$7 #ahj-bjj #bjj-bbj #bbj-bdj #bdj-bfj #bfj-bhj #bhj-cjj #cjj-cbj #cbj-cdj #cdj-cfj ,!y are pack$ 9 b>rels ( ab\t #de gallons capacity1 & l ! ,que51 are repack$ into individual conta9]s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,a few olives are pack$ ) a m9ce ( cap]s1 an*ovies1 truffles1 etc41 & ! olives pres]v$ 9 oil4 ,a few are also pack$ = g>ni%+1 9 :i* cubes are cut out & ! spaces fill$ ) bright pepp]s4 ,dome/ic ,9 ,cali=nia ! comm]cially prep>$ olives are practically all ripe1 only a v limit$ quantity ( gre5 ones be+ prep>$4 ,s9ce ! olives1 ev5 on ! same tree1 rip5 at v>i\s p]iods1 ?ree pick+s are made dur+ ! season1 :5 olives well color$ & ( an equal degree ( rip5ess are tak54 ,9 excessively ripe olives1 ! sk9 t\gh5s1 & ! fruit is difficult to pickle4 ,! trees are prun$ s z to keep !m l[ en\gh to be rea*$ by ! h>ve/]s on /ep ladd]s1 9 ord] t all pick+ may be done by h&4 ,! pick$ fruit is tak5 to a c5tral po9t to be fill$ into boxes or b>rels1 = transportation to ! factory4 ,= ! be/ grades ( olives1 p>ticul> c>e is tak5 dur+ ?is "p ( ! "w to avoid bruis+ ! fruit1 :i* is pick$ into canvas bags1 pails1 etc41 !n p\r$ into b>rels p>tly fill$ ) wat]1 s t ! wat] w furni% a cu%ion = ! fruit4 ,! olives are transport$ to ! factory 9 ^! b>rels4 ,^! precautions are tak5 z bruis$ spots s(t5 & become black1 & ! result+ process$ fruit w n be ( fir/ quality4 ,_m ,illu/ration3 ,sort+ ,olives = ,size by ,ma*9e gr[]s deliv] fruit dry 9 lug boxes1 b bruis+ & cru%+ are liable to occur dur+ transportation4 ,! fruit is deliv]$ into a hopp] fill$ ) wat]1 !n f ! hopp] into boxes :]e ! fruit is dra9$4 ,! fruit is deliv]$ 9 ! factory to be fir/ sort$ :i* is done on a mov+ belt1 & "h all /ems & defective fruit are remov$ z ! fruit is c>ri$ sl[ly pa/ ! work]s :o sit or /& on ei!r side4 ,9 "s factories ! sort+ is done aft] ! fruit is pickl$1 b is mu* m difficult due to ! *ange 9 color ,illu/ration3 ,sort+ ,olives = ,quality by ,h& ?r\gh ! action ( ! lye & ( oxidation4 ,! fruit is next pass$ to ! grad]1 :i* sep>ates ! v>i\s sizes4 ,f ! grad] ! ?ree l>ge/ sizes are ea* deliv]$ to a mov+ belt to be sort$ = color1 degree ( rip5ess1 & culls1 z ! cur+ mu/ be modifi$ to suit ! p>ticul> degree ( rip5ess1 a crisp firm olive requir+ a heavi] treatm5t ?an does a rip]1 s(t]-textur$ "o4 ,! olives z sort$1 are pass$ to small side belts1 :i* ?us deliv] fruit uni=m 9 size & color to ! receiv+ boxes4 ,great c>e is tak5 9 ! sort+ ( olives1 diff]5t v>ieties are n mix$1 nor ev5 fruit ( ! same v>iety b f diff]5t localities4 ,9 grad+ = size by ma*9e1 #a_/af ( an in* is ! v>iation betwe5 ea* size & ! next2 ^? less ?an #aj_/af are remov$ to be us$ = o!r purposes4 ,:5 ! m9imum is due to ! v>iety & n to /unt+1 ! fruit may be pickl$1 because aside f ! l>g] proportion ( pit1 ! flavor is equal to t ( ! l>ge fruit4 ,usually ! small] olives 7 us$ = oil1 b m rec5tly are us$ = reli%es & sauces4 ,! sizes ^u :i* ! diff]5t grades are made are bas$ ^u ! %ort diamet] ( ! fruit1 & h be5 adopt$ by ! ,cali=nia ,olive ,association3 ,numb] ,diam4 9 ,grade p] lb4 in*es ,/&>d #abj-ace #aj_/af-aa_/af ,m$ium #aje-abj #aa_/af ,l>ge #ij-aje #ab_/af ,extra ,l>ge #ge-ij #ac_/af ,mammo? #fe-ge #ac4e_/af ,giant #ee-fe #ad_/af ,jumbo #de-ee #ae_/af ,colossal #ce-de #af_/af ,! olives are plac$ 9 an alkal9e solution1 usually sodium hydrate z x is /rong] 9 action ?an potassium hydrate4 ,! /r5g? v>ies ) ! diff]5t pack]s b is g5]ally 9 ! neighborhood ( #a-a_/b4 ,aft] #f to #h h\rs1 ! lye is drawn (f & ! olives expos$ to ! air 9 ord] t !y may oxidize & d>k51 s9ce ! lye removes "s ( ! natural color4 ,! op]ation is repeat$ ) ! same /r5g? or less ( lye solution & ! fruit expos$ to ! air until exam9ation ( ! pulp %[s t ! lye has p5etrat$ to ! pit4 ,! lye solution is !n replac$ ) cle> wat] :i* is *ang$ twice a day1 until ! lye & bitt]ness are remov$1 :i* requires f #d to #h days4 ,! olives are !n treat$ ) br9e solutions1 />t+ ) #a1 & increas+ ! /r5g? at int]vals ( ab\t #b days until ab\t #d is us$1 :5 !y are ready to be put 9 glass j>s or cans & seal$4 ,! br9e is us$ v weak at ! />t & gradually increas$ s t ! osmotic action may be s controll$ z n to cause ! fruit to %rivel z x w\ld if plac$ 9 a /rong solution at ! />t4 ,"s pack]s p]mit ! olives to /ay 9 ! weak br9e long en\gh = f]m5tation to take place z done ) ! import$ gre5 olives s z to develop an acid flavor4 ,! m rec5t t5d5cy1 h[ev]1 is t[>d pack+ !m ) ! lea/ possible *ange1 & to dep5d ^u ! di/9ctive natural flavor ( ! fruit itself4 ,a simil> t5d5cy t[>d reta9+ ! natural color1 r ?an t induc$ by oxidation1 might be advantage\s4 ,if x be ! int5t to hold ! olives 9 bulk1 !y are treat$ ) increas+ly /rong br9es until #aj ,illu/ration3 ,cur+ ,vats to #ab-a_/b is us$1 ! latt] am\nt be+ requir$ to c>ry !m safely ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,! process is modifi$ 9 practise to suit ! conditions1 z v>iations 9 v>ieties ( fruit1 9 temp]ature1 & 9 ! lye h to be consid]$4 ,!re are also v>iations 9 practise due to individual exp]i5ce4 ,dur+ ! "t ! olives are 9 ! v>i\s solutions !y are /irr$ frequ5tly1 s z to *ange _! position 9 ! vats1 & also to *ange ! solution 9 contact ) !m4 ,! /irr+ 01 & is done yet 9 "s cases1 by h&1 ) wood5 paddles1 :i* is labori\s besides caus+ m or less damage to ! fruit4 ,rec5tly compress$ air has be5 pip$ to ! vats & direct$ into ! solutions ) suffici5t =ce to keep ! olives agitat$4 ,?is me?od is said to ha/5 ! action ( ! lye solutions ) consequ5t improvem5t 9 ! fruit4 ,x also obviates ! draw+ (f ! solutions & ! exposure ( ! fruit to ! air1 z a c]ta9 am\nt ( oxidation takes place 9 ! solution4 ,z ! op]ators place ! olives 9 ! bottles or cans1 ! s(t & defective ones are disc>d$4 ,! conta9]s are !n fill$ ) a #c br9e at a temp]ature ( #age or #ahj degrees ,f4 ,! air is exhau/$1 dur+ :i* ! temp]ature is rais$ to #ahe degrees1 & ! conta9]s seal$1 aft] :i* !y are process$4 ,! l>ge olives 9 a #bf ounce glass j> are cook$ = #ej m9utes2 extra l>ge1 #ee m9utes2 mammo?1 #eh m9utes2 & colossal #fj m9utes2 at #bdj degree ,f4 9 "s factories1 or = a long] p]iod if process$ at a l[] temp]ature4 ,! "t requir$ = heat to p5etrate to ! c5t] ( an olive is long] ?an has be5 g5]ally suppos$4 ,?is 0 det]m9$ by c>efully drill+ into ! pit1 fir/ ) a f9e drill & !n ) increas+ly l>g] ones1 until an eigh? in* hole 0 made4 ,! bulb ( a small !rmomet] 0 ins]t$1 & to prev5t heat be+ c>ri$ to ! bulb by means ( ! glass /em1 sections ( olives 7 plac$ ar\nd ! /em imm$iately above ! olive be+ te/$1 & ti$ securely4 ,jumbo olives at room temp]ature plac$ directly 9 a boil+ ba? requir$ on an av]age f\rte5 & "o-half m9utes = ! temp]ature to rea* #bji degrees ,f41 :i* is practically ! maximum :i* c be atta9$ "u ! conditions4 ,:5 ! olive 0 plac$ 9 cold wat] & ! ba? heat$ rapidly "u conditions simil> to home cann+1 ! av]age "t requir$ to rea* #bji degrees ,f4 0 #bi m9utes4 ,! =m] exp]im5t repres5ts a m favorable condition = heat p5etration ?an prevails 9 factory op]ations1 & ! latt] probably ! lea/ favorable1 b bo? %[ t 9 ! ord9>y process all p>ts ( ! olive d n rea* ! high temp]ature suppos$ to be produc$ by t ( ! ba? = m ?an a few m9utes4 ,at ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia ripe olives h be5 cann$ )\t br9e4 ,aft] pickl+1 ! olives h be5 plac$ 9 #c br9e = sev]al days1 !n heat$ 9 ! br9e to ab\t #ahj degrees ,f4 aft] :i* !y are tak5 f ! br9e1 put 9 ! bottles or cans1 seal$1 & process$4 ,no %r9k+1 wr9kl+1 s(t5+1 nor *ange 9 color is said to take place4 ,by ! elim9ation ( ! br9e 9 ! conta9]1 !re results a sav+ 9 freight ( #ca4e ) cans & #af4f ) bottles4 ,! hi/ory ( ! olive & its me?od ( prep>ation %[ t no organisms pa?og5ic to man are normally pres5t & t if su* organisms be associat$ ) x 9 any way1 x mu/ be f ! outside & ?r\gh local infection4 ,m c>e is requir$ 9 process+ at high temp]atures1 ?an at boil+4 ,a high int]nal pressure is develop$ inside ! cans or j>s1 due to ! expansion ( ! cont5ts & ( ! enclos$ gases1 :i* has a t5d5cy to loos5 or bl[ (f ! cov]s4 ,?is t5d5cy may be ov]come by apply+ air or wat] pressure on ! outside ( ! cans or j>s to c\nt]act t g5]at$ )94 ,?is is done :ile !y are inside ! retort & by means ( automatic pressure controll]s4 ,!re is no ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ! /]iliz+ & cool+ ( t9 cans & glass j>s1 bo? =ms ( conta9]s are responsive to treatm5t ) high temp]atures & bo? require prop] c>e & h&l+4 ,z ) pickl$ olives1 h[ev]1 glass j>s p]mit ! pur*as] to see ! size & ! condition ( ! fruit4 ,! cann+ ( ripe olives 9 ,cali=nia 0 orig9at$ by ,f4 ,t4 ,bioletti1 zymologi/ 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 & came ab\t ?r\gh an ,illu/ration3 ,pack+ ,olives 9 ,j>s inve/igation 9 #ahhi on ! spoil+ ( olives4 ,:5 pickl$ olives 7 held1 ! quality det]iorat$ 9 "s ( !m1 !y s(t5$ dur+ ! summ]1 & seldom rema9$ 9 an edible condition = a ye>4 ,z a result ( 8 exp]im5ts on me?ods ( keep+1 he f\nd t ! olives c\ld be /]iliz$ 9 seal$ conta9]s & be kept 9 edible condition indef9itely4 ,! comm]cial application ( ! me?od & ! popul>iz+ ( ! ripe olive is due to ,mrs4 ,fr$a ,ehmann1 a pione] olive gr[]1 :o appli$ sci5tific me?ods1 ) m>k$ success1 to bo? ! developm5t & cann+ ( ! olive4 ,! su/a9$ sci5tific "w along developm5tal & pres]v+ l9es 9 ?is c\ntry1 has be5 done ma9ly by ,wickson1 ,bioletti1 & ,cruess ( ! /ate univ]sity /aff to :om great cr$it is due = ! advancem5t made4 ,_m improvem5ts h naturally be5 made by manufactur]s 9 ! prep>ation ( ! ripe olive b are held by ! factories = _! own use solely4 ,rec5tly ,cruess has develop$ me?ods = treat+ ! ripe olive ) a]at$ hot solutions :i* h p]mitt$ ! prelim9>y treatm5ts to be done 9 #c to #f days1 in/ead ( z =m]ly 9 #c to #f weeks4 ,! me?ods promise to be ( great economic value1 & h be5 pat5t$ = ! b5efit ( ! public4 ,! olives :i* are too small or mis%ap5 to be us$ 9 ! regul> pack are sometimes us$ = o!r purposes besides oil extraction 9 :i* size & appe>ance are n factors4 ,! fle% is gr\nd & season$ & ?us furni%es a mixture = reli%es & s&wi* fill+1 or ! fle% is mix$ ) pickl$ cucumb]s1 cap]s1 pimi5to1 tomato1 etc41 9 v>i\s comb9ations = ! same purposes or to flavor sauces4 ,! appetiz+ ways 9 :i* olives may be us$ alone or 9 comb9ation1 & ! attractive di%es :i* c be prep>$ f !m are endless4 ,a prep>ation :i* has consid]able vogue ) lov]s ( ripe olives is to take ! olives f ! br9e "s h\rs be=e us+ & cov] !m ) olive oil4 ,?is prep>ation may be fur!r enhanc$ by rubb+ ! di% be=e us+1 ) a cut clove ( g>lic4 ,! use ( aromatics 9 ! prelim9>y prep>ation1 !n pack+ 9 oil1 z done by ! ,greeks1 ,italians1 & ,spani>ds1 ) "s ( _! be/ olives1 produce v f9e products t are f> ahead1 9 bo? flavor & food value1 ( ! ord9>y prep>ations4 ,! olive1 ?\gh us$ almo/ exclusively z a reli% or appetiz] 9 ?is c\ntry1 is a valuable food4 ,?is is true = bo? ! gre5 & ! ripe1 ! diff]5ce 9 ! two n be+ s great z is frequ5tly claim$4 ,! pickl$ gre5 olive has supplant$ ! cucumb] pickle to a v consid]able ext5t 9 ! trade4 ,! cann$ ripe olive is di/9ctive & dep5ds ^u an entirely diff]5t quality = its favor4 ,z long z ! pres5t prices prevail1 !y c n be consid]$ on ! basis ( /aples or 9 competition ) _m o!r foods 9 furni%+ nutritive elem5ts4 ,! fle% ( ! ,am]ican olive consi/s ( ab\t #hj p] c5t ( ! fruit1 & ( ?is ! solids av]age #ch p] c5t1 oil #be p] c5t1 & prote9 #a4b p] c5t4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t olives h be5 us$ z a food f "t immemorial1 v little sy/ematic analytic "w seems to h be5 done on ! :ole fruit 9 ! v>i\s /ages ( maturity & 9 det]m9+ ! effect ( ! v>i\s treatm5ts = ! removal ( ! bitt]ness4 ,mu* ( ! analytic "w has be5 devot$ to analyses ( ! oil & to me?ods = det]m9+ adult]ation4 ,! me?ods foll[$ 9 ?is c\ntry & abroad are n ! same & ! results are !re=e n comp>able4 ,x seems /range t s old & s comm]cially important a fruit has n be5 inve/igat$ to ! m9ute/ detail4 ,x is /at$ t ! olive on rea*+ full size increases 9 weight & oil cont5t z x matures1 ! v>i\s /ages be+ approximately det]m9$ by ! *ange 9 color f gre5 to yell[1 r$1 & f9ally black4 ,:51 h[ev]1 "o f9ds analyses ( typical fruit ( "o v>iety & f ! same place :i* %[ ! fle% ( ! gre5 olive to conta9 #bc4ee p] c5t2 yell[i% gre51 #bj4cg p] c5t2 r$1 #bg4ce p] c5t2 & purple to black1 #bd4hi p] c5t oil1 x disc\nts ! color value4 ,o!r available analyses %[ simil> discrepancies betwe5 ! *emical composition & ! color te/ z indicative ( maturity4 ,v>iation 9 composition occurs 9 ! same v>iety ( fruit gr[n 9 diff]5t places z well z 9 ! diff]5t v>ieties &1 z ) o!r fruits1 "o is dep5d5t ^u ! skill ( ! pack] 9 select+ raw /ock & 9 h&l+ x 9 ! process ( manufacture1 = ! quality ( ! article receiv$4 ,x is only natural to expect t a product conta9+ s mu* oil & subject$ to ! action ( lye1 might be greatly *ang$ dur+ its prep>ation4 ,! data available1 h[ev]1 does n su/a9 ?is premise1 b %[s t v little *ange actually takes place4 ,,lit]ature ,&ran1 ,h4 ,m4,les cons]ves des petits m5ages4 ,arm/rong1 ,e4 ,f4,! simple c>bohydrates & ! glucosides1 #aiab4 ,d',aygalli]s1 ,p4 ,d4,l'olivi] et l'huile d'olive1 #aijj4 ,b\rquelot1 ,em4 & ,v9tilesco1 ,j4,compt4 ,r5d4 #adg1 #ecc1 #ece1 #aijh4 ,buckl&1 ,a4 ,w4,our vi&s1 #ahic4 ,*alm]s1 ,t4 ,w4,! r$uction & treatm5t ( vegetable oils1 #aiah4 ,c\p91 ,h5ri,la cons]vation des fruits1 des lugumes1 des gra9es4 ,cruess1 ,wm4 ,v4,home & f>m food pres]vation1 #aiah4 ,gracey1 ,wilbur ,t4,olive gr[+ 9 ,spa94 ,special consul> report1 ,no4 #gi1 ,dept4 ( ,com41 #aiah4 ,gre51 ,m>y ,e4,food products ( ! _w1 #ahie4 ,haas1 ,paul & ,hill1 ,t4 ,g4,*emi/ry ( plant products1 #aiac4 ,hilts1 ,r4 ,w4,*emical /udy ( ! rip5+ & pickl+ ( ,cali=nia olives4 ,bul4 #hjc1 ,bu4 ( ,*em41 ,dept4 ( ,agr41 #aibj4 ,lem]y1 ,l41 ,translation by ,hay1 ,d4,treatise ( all sorts ( food1 #agde4 ,l\don1 ,j4 ,c4,l\don's encyclop$ia ( plants1 #ahff4 ,m>tyn1 ,*>les,foods & cul9>y ut5sils ( ! anci5ts4 ,mason1 ,*>lotte,! lady's assi/ant1 #aggh4 ,pell]91 ,g4,guide pratique de l'exp]t *imi/e1 #aiaj4 de ,savigny1 ,g4 ,b4,cons]ves1 salaisons1 et confitures de m5age1 #aiji4 ,?udi*um1 ,j4 ,l4 ,w4,cook]y1 its art & practice1 #ahie4 ,wickson1 ,e4 ,j4,cali=nia fruits1 #aiaj4 ,willis1 ,oliv] ,r4,practical flora1 #ahid4 ,fig & ,olive ,j\rnal1 vo4 #d1 ,no4 #aa1 ,apr4 #aibj4 ,seal ( safety1 #aiae4