,,fiue ,,hundred ,,pointes    ,,of      
,,good ,,husbandrie4          ,,by      
,,thomas ,,tusser4          ,,the       
,,edition ,,of #aehj ,,collated ,,with  
,,those ,,of #aegc ,,and #aegg4         
,,together ,,with ,a ,,reprint1 ,,from  
,,the ,,unique ,,copy ,,in ,,the        
,,british  ,,museum1 ,,of ,a ,,hundreth 
,,good ,,pointes ,,of ,,husbandrie1     
#aeeg4          ,,edited 7,,with        
,,introduction1 ,,notes1 ,,and          
,,glossary7 ,,by  ,w4 ,,payne1 ,,esq41  
,,and ,,sidney ,j4 ,,herrtage1 ,,esq41  
,b4,a4          ,,london3  ,,published  
,,for ,,the ,,english ,,dialect         
,,society  ,,by ,,tr,,bner  ,,co41 #eg  
,,and #ei1 ,,ludgate ,,hill4      #ahgh4
          ,,preface4      ,while for all
 who take an interest in the customs and
 life of our  ancestors ,tusser's       
writings must always possess            
considerable interest1  to the ,members 
of the ,english ,dialect ,society they  
are especially  valuable for the large  
number of dialectic words and forms     

which they  contain4 ,the ,glossary has 
therefore been made very full1 possibly1
  in the opinion of some1 too full2 but 
as this is the most important  portion  
of the work to the ,society1 ,i have    
thought it better to err1 if  at all1 on
 the right side4    ,with regard to the 
preparation of this ,edition a few words
 may be  necessary4 ,as the ,members of 
the ,society are aware1 the task was    
originally undertaken by ,mr4 ,w4       
,payne4 ,ill-health unfortunately       
prevented him from carrying the work to 
a completion1 but to him the  ,society  
is indebted for the supervision of the  
reprint of the ,edition  of #aehj1 which
 he collated most carefully with the    
editions of #aeeg and  #aegg1 and to    
which he added several pieces from those
 editions1 thus  making the present     
reprint more complete than any yet      
published4 ,mr4  ,payne also compiled a 
very complete ,index of ,words1 which   
has been of  great assistance to me for 
purposes of reference1 and in preparing 

the  ,glossary4 ,the notes also from    
,tusser ,redivivus 7marked ,t4,r47 were 
for  the most part extracted by ,mr4    
,payne4    ,a reprint of the ,first     
,edition of #aeeg was not included in   
the original  programme1 but after the  
work came into my hands an opportunity  
was  presented through the kindness of  
,mr4 ,f4 ,j4 ,furnivall1 who lent for   
the  purpose his copy of the reprint of 
#ahaj1 of exhibiting the work in its    
original form of ,one hundreth ,points  
side by side with the extended  edition 
of #aehj1 the last which had the benefit
 of the author's  supervision4 ,the     
proof-sheets have been collated with the
 unique copy  in the ,british ,museum by
 ,miss ,toulmin-,smith1 to whom ,i      
return my thanks  for her kindness1 and 
the correctness of the reprint may      
consequently  be relied on4 ,from ,mr4  
,f4 ,j4 ,furnivall ,i have received     
numerous hints1  and much valuable help1
 while to ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1 ,f4,l4,s41 
,i am indebted  for his kindness in     

revising and supplementing the notes on 
the ,plants  named in ,tusser4 ,but my  
chief obligations are due to the ,rev4  
,w4 ,w4  ,skeat1 whose uniform kindness 
has considerably lightened my labours1  
and from whom both directly and         
indirectly 7through the notes in his    
numerous publications71 but more        
particularly in his noble edition of    
,piers ,plowman1 ,i have derived the    
greatest assistance4    ,s4 ,j4 ,h4     
,may #adth1 #ahgh4                      
,transcriber's note3 ,the original print
 edition has both page footnotes  and an
 end section of ',notes and             
,illustrations4' ,in this digital       
edition1  the page footnotes are grouped
 at the end of each chapter and         
renumbered  accordingly3 #a1 #b1 etc4   
,references to the endnotes are numbered
 ,e#a1  ,e#b1 etc4 ,the html version    
also links words in the main text to    
their  reference points in the          
,glossary4    ,the ',erratum' on p4     
xxxii of the print edition has been     

silently corrected  within the text1 and
 the ',additional ,notes' on p4 #cag are
 now incorporated  within the preceding 
',notes and ,illustrations4'            
,,contents4                             
,,page         ,,preface                
v         ,,biographical ,,sketch ,,of  
,,the ,,author                          
xi         ,,tusser',s ,,will           
xxix           ,fiue hundred pointes of 
good husbandrie                    #a   
,a lesson how to confer euery abstract  
with his month1 c4  #b         ,a ,table
 of the ,pointes of ,husbandrie         
#c    #a4   ,epistle to ,lord ,w4 ,paget
                                   #e   
#b4   ,epistle to ,lord ,t4 ,paget      
#g    #c4   ,to the ,reader             
#aa    #d4   ,introduction to the ,booke
 of ,husbandrie                    #ac  
#e4   ,preface to the ,buier of this    
,booke                         #ad      
#f4   ,the ,commodities of ,husbandrie  
#ae    #g4   ,a ,riddle                 
#ae    #h4   ,the ,description of       

,husbandrie                             
#af    #i4   ,the ,ladder to thrift     
#ag    #aj4  ,good husbandlie lessons   
#ah    #aa4  ,an habitation inforced    
better late than neuer              #bg 
#ab4  ,the fermers dailie diet          
#bg    #ac4  ,description of the        
properties of windes at all seasons     
#bi    #ad4  ,of the ,planets           
#cj    #ae4  ,septembers ,abstract      
#ca    #af4  ,septembers husbandrie     
#cd    #ag4  ,a digression to husbandlie
 furniture                       #ce    
#ah4  ,octobers abstract                
#dc    #ai4  ,octobers husbandrie       
#dg    #bj4  ,nouembers abstract        
#ec    #ba4  ,nouembers husbandrie      
#ee    #bb4  ,decembers abstract        
#ei    #bc4  ,decembers husbandrie      
#fa    #bd4  ,a digression to           
hospitalitie                            
#fe    #be4  ,description of time and   
the yeare                          #fe  
#bf4  ,description of life and riches   
#ff    #bg4  ,description of            

housekeeping                            
#fg    #bh4  ,description of ,christmas 
#fg    #bi4  ,description of apt time to
 spend                           #fh    
#cj4  ,against fantasticall scruplenes  
#fi    #ca4  ,christmas husbandlie fare 
#fi    #cb4  ,a ,christmas ,caroll      
#gj    #cc4  ,januaries abstract        
#gb    #cd4  ,of trees or fruites to be 
set or remooued                  #gf    
#ce4  ,januaries husbandrie             
#gf    #cf4  ,februaries abstract       
#he    #cg4  ,februaries husbandrie     
#hg    #ch4  ,marches abstract          
#ia    #ci4  ,seedes and herbes for the 
,kitchen                          #ic   
#dj4  ,herbes and rootes for sallets and
 sauce                    #id    #da4   
,herbes and rootes to boile or to butter
                    #ie    #db4         
,strowing herbes of all sortes          
#ie    #dc4  ,herbes1 branches1 and     
flowers1 for windowes and pots       #ie
    #dd4  ,herbes to still in ,sommer   
#if    #de4  ,herbes for ,physick1 etc4 

#ig    #df4  ,marches husbandrie        
#ig    #dg4  ,aprils abstract           
#ajb    #dh4  ,aprils husbandrie        
#ajc    #di4  ,a lesson for dairie maid 
,cisley                            #ajg 
#ej4  ,maies abstract                   
#aji    #ea4  ,maies husbandrie         
#aaa    #eb4  ,junes abstract           
#aaf    #ec4  ,junes husbandrie         
#aag    #ed4  ,julies abstract          
#aba    #ee4  ,julies husbandrie        
#abb    #ef4  ,augusts abstract         
#abd    #eg4  ,augusts husbandrie       
#abh    #eh4  ,corne ,haruest equally   
deuided into ten partes                 
#acf    #ei4  ,a briefe conclusion1 each
 word beginning with the letter ,t #acg 
#fj4  ,mans age deuided into twelue     
seauens                       #ach      
#fa4  ,another diuision of mans age     
#ach    #fb4  ,comparison between good  
and bad husband                    #aci 
#fc4  ,comparison betweene ,champion    
countrie and seuerall         #adj      
#fd4  ,description of an enuious        

neighbour                        #adf   
#fd499 ,to light a candell before the   
,deuill                       #adh      
#fe4  ,a sonet against a slanderous     
tongue                        #aej      
#ff4  ,sonet upon the ,authors first    
seuen yeeres seruice          #aea      
#fg4  ,dialogue on wiuing and thriuing  
#aeb    #fh4  ,the ,authors ,epistle to 
the ,ladie ,paget                       
#aei    #fi4  ,the ,authors ,epistle to 
the ,reader                             
#afa    #gj4  ,the ,author's ,preface to
 his booke of ,huswiferie               
#afb    #ga4  ,the praise of ,huswiferie
                                   #afc 
#gb4  ,a description of ,huswife and    
,huswiferie                    #afc     
#gc4  ,instructions to ,huswiferie      
#afc    #gd4  ,a digression to          
cockcrowing                             
#afe    #ge4  ,huswiferie morning workes
                                  #afg  
#gf4  ,huswifelie breakefast workes     
#afh    #gg4  ,huswifelie admonitions or

 lessons                          #afh  
#gh4  ,brewing                          
#agj    #gi4  ,baking                   
#aga    #hj4  ,cookerie                 
#aga    #ha4  ,dairie                   
#agb    #hb4  ,scouring                 
#agb    #hc4  ,washing                  
#agc    #hd4  ,malting                  
#agc    #he4  ,dinner time huswiferie   
#agd    #hf4  ,huswifelie afternoone    
workes                                  
#age    #hg4  ,huswifelie euening workes
                                  #agg  
#hh4  ,supper time huswiferie           
#agh    #hi4  ,after ,supper workes of  
huswiferie                          #agi
    #ij4  ,the ploughmans feasting daies
                              #ahj      
#ia4  ,the good huswifelie ,physicke    
#ahb    #ib4  ,the good motherlie       
nurserie                                
#ahc    #ic4  ,a precept of thinking on 
the poore                         #ahc  
#id4  ,a comparison betweene good       
huswiferie and euill            #ahd    

#ie4  ,the meanes for children to       
attaine to learning             #ahe    
#if4  ,a description of womans age      
#ahg    #ig4  ,the ,inholders posie     
#ahg    #ih4  ,certain ,table ,lessons  
#ahh    #ii4  ,lessons for waiting      
seruants                                
#ahi    #ajj4 ,husbandly posies for the 
hall                              #aij  
#aja4 ,posies for the parler            
#aij    #ajb4 ,posies for the gests     
chamber                                 
#aia    #ajc4 ,posies for thine owne bed
 chamber                          #aib  
#ajd4 ,a ,sonet to the ,ladie ,paget    
#aic    #aje4 ,principall points of     
,religion                               
#aic    #ajf4 ,the ,authors beleefe     
#aid    #ajg4 ,of the omnipotencie of   
,god and debilitie of man               
#aii    #ajh4 ,of ,almes deedes         
#bjj    #aji4 ,of malus homo            
#bja    #aaj4 ,of two sortes of people  
#bja    #aaa4 ,of what force the deuill 
is if he be resisted              #bja  

#aab4 ,eight of ,saint ,barnards verses 
in ,latine and ,english       #bjb      
#aac4 ,of the ,authors departing from   
the ,court                    #bjd      
#aad4 ,the ,authors life of his own     
penning                        #bje     
#aae4 ,of ,fortune                      
#baf           ,a hundreth good pointes 
of husbandrie                      #bai 
,epistle to ,lord ,paget 7#aeeg7        
#bbj         ,concordia parv res        
crescunt                                
#bba         ,augusts husbandrie        
#bbb         ,septembers husbandrie     
#bbc         ,octobers husbandrie       
#bbc         ,nouembers husbandrie      
#bbd         ,decembers husbandrie      
#bbe         ,on ,christmas             
#bbe         ,januaries husbandrie      
#bbf         ,februarys husbandrie      
#bbh         ,marches husbandrie        
#bbi         ,a digression to huswifrie 
#bbi         ,aprils husbandrie         
#bbi         ,mays husbandrie           
#bcj         ,junes husbandrie          

#bca         ,julys husbandrie          
#bcb           ,,notes ,,and            
,,illustrations                         
#bce         ,,glossary                 
#cai              ,,biographical        
,,sketch ,,of ,,the ,,author4           
,thomas ,tusser1 the ,author of the     
,five ,hundred ,points of ,good         
,husbandry1 was born at ,rivenhall1#a   
near ,kelvedon and ,witham1 in  the     
,county of ,essex1 about the year #aebe4
 ,the exact date of his birth  is       
uncertain1 ,warton#b placing it in      
#aebc1 and ,dr4 ,mavor in #aeae1 in     
which he is supported by the inscription
 on the mural tablet erected to  the    
memory of ,tusser in the church of      
,manningtree1 where he is stated  to    
have been sixty-five years of age at the
 time of his death1 which  took place in
 #aehj4    ,tusser1 however1 appears to 
have been elected to ,king's ,college1  
,cambridge1 in #aedc1 and as he would   
have become ineligible at nineteen1  his
 birth cannot have taken place earlier  

than #aebc1 and1 most  probably1 did not
 take place before #aebd or #aebe4      
,it appears from the pedigree recorded  
by his nephew1 ,john ,tusser1 the  son  
of his eldest brother ,clement1 at the  
,herald's ,visitation of ,essex  in     
#aegj1 which is the only record we have 
of the family1 that ,william  ,tusser1  
the father1 had five sons1 ,clement1    
,andrew1 ,john1 ,,thomas1  and ,william1
 and four daughters2 the marriages of   
the daughters are  set down1 but no     
wives assigned to the sons1 except to   
,clement1 who  married ,ursula ,petts1  
and had issue ,john 7who entered the    
pedigree71  ,edward1 and ,jane1 all     
three unmarried in #aegj4 ,the mother of
 ,,thomas was  ,isabella1 a daughter of 
,thomas ,smith1 of ,rivenhall1 in       
,essex1 ,esq41  whose elder brother1    
,hugh1 was ancestor of ,smith1 ,lord    
,carrington 7not  the present lord71    
sister of ,sir ,clement ,smith1 who     
married a sister of  the ,protector     
,somerset1 and first cousin of ,sir     

,john ,smith1 one of the  ,barons of the
 ,exchequer in the reign of ,edward the 
,sixth4 ,this match  with ,smith ,i take
 to have been the chief foundation of   
gentility in the  ,tussers1 for ,i can  
find no traces of them or their arms    
before this  connexion4#c    ,at a very 
early age1 and notwithstanding his      
mother's tears and  entreaties1 he was  
placed by his father as a singing-boy in
 the  ,collegiate ,chapel of the ,castle
 of ,wallingford1 in ,berkshire1 which1 
according to ,warton1#d consisted of a  
dean1 six prebendaries1 six  clerks1 and
 four choristers1 and was dissolved in  
#aedi4 ,he has himself  recorded#e in   
his homely and quaint style the         
hardships which he had  to endure at    
this school1 the bare robes1 the college
 fare1 the stale  bread1 and the penny  
ale4 ,the excellence of his voice       
appears to have  attracted the notice of
 some of those persons to whom at that  
time  placards or commissions were      
issued1 authorizing them to impress     

singing-boys for the ,king's ,chapel4#f 
,afterwards1 by the good offices  of    
some friend1 he was admitted into the   
choir of ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral1  where
 he acquired a considerable proficiency 
in music under the tuition  of ,john    
,redford1 the organist and almoner1 of  
whom he speaks in terms  of the highest 
praise4 ,from ,st4 ,paul's he was sent  
to ,eton1 probably  in #aedj or #aeda1  
to learn the ,latin phrase1 and was for 
some time  a pupil of ,nicholas         
,udall1#g the author of ,roister        
,doister1 who  appears to have been a   
second ,orbilius1 and by whom he was    
unmercifully  thrashed1 receiving on one
 occasion1 for fault but small1 or none 
at  all1 no fewer than fifty-three      
stripes4    ,from ,eton he passed on to 
,cambridge1 and1 as already stated1 was 
elected to ,king's ,college in #aedc1h  
but afterwards removed to  ,trinity     
,hall1 of which he appears to have      
retained pleasant memories4  ,being     
obliged by a long illness to discontinue

 his studies1 he left  the ,university1 
and joined the ,court as a retainer of  
,william1 ,lord  ,paget1#i by whom he   
was probably employed as a musician1 and
 of whom  he speaks in terms of praise  
and affection4 ,in this manner the next 
ten  years were passed1 and during this 
time his parents died4 ,at the end of   
this period1 either from disgust at the 
vices of the ,court1 or finding1  to use
 his own words1 the ,court began to     
frown1 he retired into the  country1    
married1#aj and settled down as a farmer
 at ,cattiwade1#aa  a hamlet in the     
parish of ,brantham1 in ,suffolk1 and on
 the borders of  ,essex1 where he       
composed his ,hundredth ,good ,pointes  
of ,husbandrie1  the first edition of   
which appeared in #aeeg4    ,in         
consequence of his wife's ill-health1 he
 removed to ,ipswich1 a  town of price1 
like ,paradise4 ,here his wife died1 and
 he married ,amy1  daughter of ,edmond  
,moon1 and settled down at ,west        
,dereham in ,norfolk4  ,on leaving this 

town1 on account of the litigious       
character of his  neighbours1 he became1
 probably through the influence of his  
patron1  ,sir ,robert ,southwell1#ab a  
lay-clerk or singing-man in the         
,cathedral  at ,norwich1 the ,dean of   
which1 ,john ,salisbury1 appears to have
  befriended him in every way4    ,from 
,norwich a painful illness caused him to
 remove to ,fairsted1 about  four miles 
from ,witham1 in ,essex1 the tithes of  
which parish he farmed2  becoming       
involved in tithing strife1 he left that
 village1 and once  more returned to    
,london1 where we find him living in    
,st4 ,giles's1  ,cripplegate1 in        
#aegb4ac ,the plague1 however1 breaking 
out1#ad he  returned to ,cambridge1     
where he at last found a resting plot in
 his  favourite ,college1 ,trinity      
,hall1 in the choir of which he appears 
to  have been employed1 as he was       
matriculated as a servant of the        
,college1  probably on ,may #eth1       
#aegc4ae    ,his death1 as appears from 

a paper read before the ,london and     
,middlesex  ,archological ,society1 took
 place in ,london1 on the #crd ,may1    
#aehj1 in  the fifty-fifth or           
fifty-sixth year of his age4 ,his       
will1#af which is  dated #beth ,april of
 that year1 was proved by his son on the
 #hth ,august  following4    ,he was    
buried in the ,church of ,st4 ,mildred1 
in the ,poultry1 where was  formerly1   
according to ,stow1#ag a monument to his
 memory1 inscribed as  follows3    ,here
 ,thomas ,tusser1 clad in earth doth    
lie1  ,that sometime made the ,poyntes  
of ,husbandrie2  ,by him then learne    
thou maist1 here learne we must1  ,when 
all is done we sleepe and turne to dust1
  ,and yet through ,christ to heaven we 
hope to go1  ,who reades his bookes1    
shall find his faith was so4    ,this   
inscription is perfectly in character   
with the man1 and was  probably written 
by ,tusser himself4    ,a mural tablet  
to his memory has been erected in       
,manningtree ,church in  ,essex1 with   

the following inscription3 ,sacred to   
the memory of ,thomas  ,tusser1 ,gent41 
born at ,rivenhall1 in ,essex1 and      
occupier of ,braham  ,hall#ah near this 
town1 in the reign of ,king ,edward the 
,sixth1 where  he wrote his celebrated  
poetical treatise1 entitled1 ,five      
,hundred  ,points of ,good ,husbandry1  
etc4 ,his writings show that he         
possessed a  truly ,christian spirit1   
and his excellent maxims and            
observations on  rural affairs evince   
that he was far in advance of the age in
 which he  lived4 ,he died in ,london in
 #aehj1 at the age of #fe1 and was      
interred in  the parish church of ,st4  
,mildred in the ,poultry1 where the     
following  epitaph1 said to have been   
written by himself1 recorded his memory2
  then follows a copy of the epitaph    
already given4    ,the statement in this
 inscription that he wrote the ,five    
,hundred  ,points at ,braham ,hall is   
incorrect2 what he did write there was  
the  ,one ,hundred ,points of ,good     

,husbandrie1 afterwards enlarged to     
,five  ,hundred ,points4    ,it has been
 a very generally received opinion that 
,tusser died in great  poverty4 ,fuller1
 in his ,worthies of ,essex1 p4 #ccd1   
says1 ,whether  he bought or sold1 he   
lost1 and when a renter impoverished    
himself1  and never enriched his        
landlord2 he spread his bread with all  
sorts of  butter2 yet none could stick  
thereon4 ,warton also says3#ai ,without 
a tincture of careless imprudence1 or   
vicious extravagance1 this  desultory   
character seems to have thrived in no   
vocation4    ,again1 in ,peacham's      
,minerva1 a book of emblems printed in  
#afab1 there  is a device of a whetstone
 and a scythe1 with these lines3--      
,they tell me1 ,tusser1 when thou wert  
alive1  ,and hadst for profit turned    
every stone1  ,where'er thou camest1    
thou could'st never thrive1  ,though    
hereto best thou could'st counsel every 
one1    ,as it may in thy ,husbandry    
appear2  ,wherein afresh thou liv'st    

among us here4  ,so like thy self1 a    
number more are wont1    ,to sharpen    
others with advice of wit1  ,when they  
themselves are like the whetstone       
blunt4#bj    ,these statements1 however1
 appear to be scarcely borne out by     
,tusser's  will4 ,by it we find that1 at
 the time of his death1 his brother     
,william  owed him #ccj1 a large sum in 
those days1 and1 further1 that he was   
the owner of two small copyhold and     
leasehold farms4 ,had he been so        
unfortunate in all his undertakings1 and
 been1 as ,fuller terms him1 a  stone   
which gathers no moss1 ,tusser would    
hardly have been able to  lend his      
brother such a sum of money4 ,if1       
however1 it be true that he  lived and  
died poor1 we may1 in all probability1  
attribute it to his  love of            
hospitality1 a prominent feature in his 
character1 as well as  to a roving and  
unsteady disposition4    ,dr4 ,mavor    
states in the introduction to his       
edition of #ahaj1 p4 #aa1  that it may  

be inferred from his ,tusser's own      
words1 that his  happiness was not      
permanently promoted by this match his  
second  marriage4 ,he seems to complain 
of the charges incident 'to a wife in   
youth1' and had she transmitted her     
thoughts to posterity1 we should        
probably have heard some insinuations   
against an old husband4 ,i fail1        
however1 to see sufficient grounds for  
this assertion3 on the contrary1        
,tusser's words on the only occasion on 
which he speaks of his second  wife seem
 to bear an opposite construction3--    
,i chanced soon to find a ,moon         
of cheerful hue2  ,which well a fine me 
thought did shine  ,and never change--7a
 thing most strange7  ,yet kept in sight
 her course aright1        ,and compass 
true4----,chapt4 #aad1 stanza #ai4      
,it is true that in several passages he 
speaks of the increased  expenses and   
responsibilities incident to a married  
life1 but only1  as it appears to me1   
with the view of deterring others from  

entering  into that state without       
carefully considering beforehand the    
cost and  probable consequences of such 
a step4    ,by his first wife ,tusser   
had no children1 but by the second1 who 
survived him1 he had three sons1        
,thomas1 ,john and ,edmond1 and one     
daughter ,mary4    ,his will1 which is  
exceedingly characteristic1 is given in 
full at  the end of this introduction1  
from a copy in the ,british ,museum1#ba 
privately printed in #ahdf by ,mr4      
,charles ,clark1 of ,great ,totham1     
,essex1  from a transcript furnished to 
him by ,mr4 ,e4 ,ventris1 of ,cambridge1
 by  whom the original was discovered in
 the ,registry at ,ely4#bb ,at the  end 
of the will were printed ,tusser's      
metrical ,autobiography1 and a  few     
notices from nearly contemporary        
authors4 ,mr4 ,clark also printed  in   
#ahcd a few copies of the original      
edition of #aeeg of the ,hundredth  good
 ,poyntes of ,husbandrie4    ,tusser    
was1 as may be seen from his writings1 a

 man of high religious  principles1     
good-natured and cheerful1 of a kindly  
and generous  disposition1 and          
hospitable to a fault4 ,although he     
constantly  inculcates economy1 he was  
entirely free from the meanness and     
pitiful  spirit1 which1 according to    
,stillingfleet1 made farmers of his time
  starve their cattle1 their land and   
everything belonging to them2  choosing 
rather to lose a pound than spend a     
shilling4 ,mirth and good  cheer1 seems 
to have been his motto1 and although he 
may have been  imprudent in allowing his
 love of hospitality to be carried to   
such  an excess as to keep him from     
independence1 yet we cannot help loving 
the man1 and admiring the justness of   
his sentiments on every subject         
connected with life and morals4 ,strict 
as he appears to have been  in all      
matters connected with religion1 he was 
far from being what  he terms           
fantastically scrupulous1 or1 as we     
should now say1 of a  puritanical       

disposition4 ,he prefers a merry fellow 
to a grave designing  villain3--        
,play thou the good fellow6 seeke none  
to misdeeme2  ,disdaine not the honest1 
though merie they seeme2  ,for          
oftentimes seene1 no more verie a knave1
  ,than he that doth counterfeit most to
 be grave4#bc    ,how strongly1 too1    
does he support the keeping up of the   
old  feasting-daies1 ,olde customes that
 good be let no man dispise1 the        
festivities of ,christmas1#bd the       
,harvest ,home1 etc4 ,his maxims on the 
treatment of servants and dependents are
 conceived in a truly ,christian        
spirit1 as when he says3--    ,once     
ended thy harvest1 let none be beguil'd1
  ,please such as did help thee--man1   
woman1 and child2  ,thus doing with     
alway such help as they can1  ,thou     
winnest the praise of the labouring man4
    ,good servants hope justly some     
friendship to feel1  ,and look to have  
favour1 what time they do well4    ,and 
again1 such as these--    ,be lowly1 not

 sullen1 if aught go amiss1  ,what      
wresting may lose thee1 that win with a 
kiss4    ,remember the poor that for    
,god's sake do call1  ,for ,god both    
rewardeth and blesseth withall4  ,take  
this in good part1 whatsoever thou be1  
,and wish me no worse than ,i wish unto 
thee4    ,the versification of ,tusser  
does not call for any lengthened        
remarks4  ,the greater portion of his   
work is written in the same anapstic    
metre1  which1 though rough1 is well    
adapted for retention in the memory4    
,there  are1 however1 two exceptions    
worthy of special notice3 firstly1 the  
,preface to the ,buier 7ch4 #e7 and the 
,comparison between ,champion  ,countrie
 and ,severall 7ch4 #fc71 which are the 
first examples of a  metre afterwards   
adopted by ,prior and ,shenstone1 and   
generally believed  to have originated  
with the latter3 secondly1 the ,author's
 linked  verses 7ch4 #aac71 a species of
 what ,dr4 ,guest calls ,inverse ,rhime 
in the following passage from his       

,history of ,english ,rhythms3#be       
,inverse ,rhime is that which exists    
between the last accented syllable  of  
the first section1 and the first        
accented syllable of the second4  ,it   
appears to have flourished most in the  
fifteenth and sixteenth  centuries4 ,i  
do not remember any instance of it in   
,anglo-,saxon1 but it  is probably of   
native growth4#bf ,a kindred dialect1   
the ,icelandic1  had1 at an early       
period1 a species of rhime closely      
resembling the  present--the second     
verse always beginning with the last    
accented  syllable of the first4 ,it is 
singular that the ,french had in the    
sixteenth century a rhime like the      
,icelandic1 called by them la rime      
entrelasse4 ,the present rhime differed 
from it1 as it was contained  in one    
verse4444 ,thus3--    ',these steps both
 reach and teach thou shalt  ,to come by
 thrift to shift withal4'----,tusser4   
',the pipers loud and louder blew1  ,the
 dancers quick and quicker              

flew4'----,burns4    ,the following are 
,tusser's principal peculiarities3--    
#a4 ,the use of a plural noun with a    
verb singular4 ,this very frequently    
occurs4 ,some1 too1 is almost invariably
 treated thus4    #b4 ,his omissions and
 elliptical phrases1 such as while      
plough-cattle are a-baiting 7#he_/b72   
thy market having been  despatched1     
#eg_/de2 a small income #fb_/aa2 in the 
mottoes of  the months1 work forgotten  
in the month past2 and in such          
expressions as fault known #dg_/bb1 that
 done #ee_/b1 who  living #bf_/a1 etc4  
#c4 ,peculiarities of rime4 ,tusser     
appears to have attributed far more     
importance to the outward appearance of 
his riming words1 than to  the reality  
of the rimes4 ,so long as they appeared 
to rime1 it  seems to have mattered     
little that in pronunciation they were  
widely  different4 ,we thus find them   
constantly 7a7 changing the spelling of 
words in order to make them look like   
others2 and again 7b7 using  as rimes   

words which1 though similarly spelt1 are
 totally unlike in  pronunciation4 ,the 
following examples will suffice4 ,in    
alterations of  orthography we find     
weight 7for wait7 to rime with eight2   
raies  7for raise72 mutch to rime with  
hutch2 thease to rime with ease2  ise   
7for ice7 to rime with device2 flo 7for 
flow7 to rime with fro2  feere 7for fire
 or fier7 to rime with ,janiveere2      
tought 7for taught7  to rime with       
thought2 cace 7for case7 to rime with   
place2 waight  7for wait7 to rime with  
straight2 bilde1 to rime with childe2   
thoes  7for those7 to rime with sloes1  
etc4    ,on the other hand1 we find such
 rimes as the following3 plough1 rough2 
shew1 few2 have1 save2 have1 crave2     
feat1 great2 overthwart1 part2  shal1   
fal2 and a very curious instance in     
,chapter #fi1 stanza #a1 where  thrive  
is made to rime with atchive4           
99       99       99       99       99  
,if the number of editions through which
 an author's works pass be a  proof of  

merit1 as it certainly is of popularity1
 few writers of his  time can enter into
 competition with ,tusser4 ,during the  
forty years  from the appearance of the 
first edition of the ,one ,hundreth     
,poyntes  in #aeeg to the end of the    
sixteenth century1 no fewer than        
thirteen  editions of his work are known
 to have been published4 ,yet all are   
scarce1 and few of those surviving are  
perfect2 a proof that what was  intended
 for practical use had been sedulously  
applied to that purpose4  ,some books1  
says ,mr4 ,haslewood1 in the ,british   
,bibliographer1 ,no4  iii41 become      
heir-looms from value2 and ,tusser's    
work1 for useful  information in every  
department of agriculture1 together with
 its  quaint and amusing observations1  
perhaps passed the copies from father   
to son1 till they crumbled away in the  
bare shifting of the pages1  and the    
mouldering relic only lost its value by 
the casual mutilation  of time4         
,subjoined is a list of all the various 

recorded editions1  extracted from      
,mavor's introduction and other sources4
     #aeeg4 ,a ,hundreth ,good ,pointes 
of ,husbandrie4 ,reprinted here from the
   unique copy in the ,british ,museum4 
#aefa4 ,thomas ,hacher had licence for a
 dyalogue of wyuynge and   thryuynge of 
,tusshers1 with ij lessons for olde and 
yonge4 ,ritson1   though improperly1    
considers this as a different work from 
the piece   which appears under the same
 title in later editions4#bg     #aefb4 
,it appears probable that this edition1 
though its existence   is disputed by   
some1 contained the original germ of the
 ,book of   ,huswifery1 as we find1 on  
the authority of ,warton1 that in the   
preceding year ,richard ,totell had     
licence to print a booke entituled   one
 hundreth good poyntes of housbondry    
lately maryed unto a hundreth   poyntes 
of huswiffry1 newly corrected and       
amplyfyed4#bh     #aefd4 ,the existence 
of an edition of this date rests on the 
authority   of ,otridge's ,catalogue1   

#agid4 ,it is probably a misprint for   
#aefb4     #aegj4 ,a hundreth good      
pointes of husbandry1 lately maried unto
 a   hundreth good poynts of huswifery3 
newly corrected and amplified1 with     
dyuers proper lessons for householders1 
as by the table at the latter   ende    
more plainly may appeare4 ,set foorth by
 ,thomas ,tusser1 gentleman1   servant  
to the right honorable lorde ,paget of  
,beudesert4 ,in dibus   ,richardii      
,tottyli1 cum privilegio1 ,anno #aegj4  
#aegc4 ,five hundreth pointes of good   
husbandry united to as many of   good   
huswifery1 first devised and more lately
 augmented1 with divers   approved      
lessons1 concerning hopps and gardening 
and other needful   matters1 together   
with an abstract before every moneth1   
containing the   whole effect of the    
sayd moneth1 with a table and a preface 
in the   beginning1 both necessary to be
 reade1 for the better understanding    
of the booke4 ,set forth by ,thomas     
,tusser1 gentleman1 servant to the      

honorable lorde ,paget of ,beudesert4   
,imprinted at ,london in ,flete         
,strete within ,temple ,barre1 at the   
signe of the hand and starre1 by        
,richard ,tottell4 ,anno #aegc4 ,cum    
privilegio4#bi     #aegg4 ,a reprint of 
the above1 by the same person but with  
some   alterations1 ,w4,p44     #aehj4  
,the edition here reprinted1 #dto4      
#aehe4 ,five hundred pointes1 etc4      
,newly set foorth by ,thomas ,tusser1   
gentleman4 ,at ,london1 printed in the  
now dwelling house of ,henrie   ,denham1
 in ,aldersgate ,street1 at the signe of
 the ,starre4#cj     #aehf4 ,by ,denham1
 as before4 #dto41 pp4 #afd4     #aeij4 
,by the assignees of ,serres4#ca        
#aeic4 ,by ,yardley4 #dto4 7in the      
,bodleian ,library1 ,m47     #aeig4 ,by 
,peter ,short4 #dto4     #aeii4 ,again  
by ,peter ,short4#cb ,also by           
,waldegrave in ,scotland4 #dto4         
#afjd4 ,printed for the ,companie of    
,stationers4 ,five hundreth points of   
good husbandrie3 as well for the        

,champion or open countrie1 as also     
for the ,woodland or ,severall1 mixed in
 every ,month with ,huswiferie1   over  
and besides the booke of ,huswiferie4   
,corrected1 better ordered   and newly  
augmented to a fourth part more1 with   
divers other lessons1   as a diet for   
the farmer1 of the properties of winds1 
plants1 hops1   herbs1 bees1 and        
approved remedies for sheepe and        
cattell1 with manie   other matters both
 profitable and not unpleasant for the  
,reader4 ,also   two tables1 one of     
husbandrie1 and the other of            
,huswiferie1 at the   end of the booke2 
for the better and easier finding of any
 matter   contained in the same4 ,newlie
 set foorth by ,thomas ,tusser1         
gentleman1   etc4 7,public ,library1    
,cambridge1 ,m474     #afaj4 ,printed   
for the ,company of ,stationers4        
#dto4#cc     #afad4 id4             id4 
#dto4     #afbj4 id4             id4    
,the orthography in the title in some   
respects   more  obsolete than in       

earlier impressions3 thus we have moneth
 for   month1 and hearbs for herbs4     
#dto4 ,in ,british ,museum4     #afch4  
,for the ,company of ,stationers4       
#dto4#cd     #afgb4 ,printed for ,t4 ,r4
 and ,m4 ,d4 for the ,company of        
,stationers4 #adf   pp41 exclusive of   
the tables1 closely printed4#ce         
#afib4 ,bibliotheca ,farmeriana1 ,no4   
#gcdi4 ,haslewood4    ,all the foregoing
 editions are in small #dto4            
black-letter with roman  and italic     
headlines and occasional verses1 ,w4,p44
     #agaj4 ,tusser ,redivivus4 ,the    
,calendar of the twelve months with     
notes1   published in as many numbers1  
by ,daniel ,hilman1 a ,surveyor of      
,epsom in   ,surry4 #hvo4 ,lond4 pp4    
#aej4     #agdd4 ,the same with a new   
title-page only4 ,printed for ,m4       
,cooper1   in ,paternoster ,row2 and    
sold by ,j4 ,duncan1 in ,berkley        
,square1 near   ,grosvenor ,gate4 ,the  
title runs thus3 ,five ,hundred points  
of ,husbandry3   directing what grass1  

corn1 etc41 is proper to be sown2 what  
trees   to be planted2 how land is to be
 improved2 with whatever is fit to   be 
done for the benefit of the ,,farmer1 in
 every month of the ,,year4   ,by       
,thomas ,tusser1 ,esq4 ,to which are    
added notes and observations1           
explaining many obsolete ,,terms used   
therein1 and what is agreeable   to the 
present practice in several counties of 
this kingdom4 ,a work   very necessary  
and useful for gentlemen1 as well as    
occupiers of land1   whether wood-ground
 or tillage and pasture4     #ahaj4 ,a  
very correct reprint of the ,first      
,edition of #aeeg was issued   by ,r4   
,triphook and ,william ,sancho4         
#ahab4 ,five ,hundred ,points of good   
,husbandry1 as well for the champion    
or open country1 as for the woodland or 
several2 together with a ,book   of     
,huswifery4 ,being a ,calendar of rural 
and domestic ,economy1 for   every month
 in the year2 and exhibiting a ,picture 
of the ,agriculture1   ,customs1 and    

,manners of ,england1 in the ,sixteenth 
,century4 ,by ,thomas   ,tusser1        
,gentleman4 ,a ,new ,edition1 with      
notes1 ,georgical1 ,illustrative   and  
,explanatory1 a ,glossary1 and other    
,improvements4 ,by ,william ,mavor1     
,,ll4,d41#cf ,honorary ,member of the   
,bard of ,agriculture1 etc4     ,multa  
renascentur1 qu jam cecidre1 cadentque1 
,qu nunc sunt in honore4---,hor4        
,london1 printed for ,lackington1 ,allen
  ,co41 ,temple of the ,muses1          
,finsbury-,square1 #hvo4 #ahab4         
,dedicated to the ,president and        
,members of   the ,board of             
,agriculture1 pp4 #cf1 xl41 and #cch4   
#ahcd4 ,mr4 ,charles ,clark of ,great   
,totham1 ,essex1 printed at his private 
press a few copies of the original      
edition of #aeeg4     #ahdh4 ,a         
,selection was published at ,oxford with
 the following title3   ,five ,hundred  
,points of ,good ,husbandry1 by ,thomas 
,tusser4 ,now newly   corrected and     
edited and heartily commended to all    

true lovers of   country life and honest
 thrift4 ,by ,h4 ,m4 ,w4 ,oxford1 #ahdh1
 #afmo4    ,the work is also included in
 ,southey's ,select ,works of the       
,british  ,poets1 #adc-aii4             
,extracts from the ,registers of the    
,stationers' ,company4       #aeeg4     
,john ,daye had licence to print the    
,hundreth poyntes of good   ',husserie4'
 ,regist4 ,station4 ,a4 fo4 #bc;a4      
#aeei-fj4 ,june #bj4 ,t4 ,marshe had    
licence to print the boke of            
,husbandry4 ,ibid4 fo4 #dhf4 ,this last 
title occurs in these registers   much  
lower4     #aefa4 ,richard ,tottell was 
to print ,a boke intituled one hundreth 
good   poyntes of husboundry lately     
maryed unto a hundreth good poyntes of  
,huswiffry newly corrected and          
amplyfyed4 ,ibid4 fo4 #gd;a4     #aefe4 
,a licence to ,alde to print ,an        
hundreth poyntes of evell   huswyfraye1 
probably a satire or parody on ,tusser4 
,ibid4 fo4 #aca4      #a ,the name of   
,tusser does not appear in the parochial

 registers at  ,rivenhall1 which only   
extend back to #afcd4 ,according to ,dr4
 ,mavor1 the  name and race have long   
been extinct4    #b ,history of ,english
 ,poetry1 #ahdj1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bdh4     
#c ,letter from ,j4 ,townsend1 ,esq41   
,windsor ,herald1 to ,dr4 ,mavor1 quoted
  in his edition of ,tusser1 p4 #g4     
#d ,history of ,english ,poetry1 #ahdj1 
vol4 iii4 p4 #bdh4    #e ,see chapter   
#aad1 stanza #e4    #f ,dr4 ,rimbault1  
in his ,cheque ,book of the ,chapel     
,royal1 quotes the  following from      
,liber ,niger ,domini ,regis 7temp4     
,edward ,,vi473 ,the  children of the   
,chappelle were #h in number1 with a    
,master of ,songe to  teach them4 ,and  
when any of the children comene to be   
xviij yeares of  age1 and their voices  
change1 ne cannot be preferred in this  
,chappelle1  the nombere being full1    
then1 yf they will assente1 the kyng    
assynethe  them to a ,college of ,oxford
 or ,cambridge of his fundatione1 there 
to be  at fynding and studye both       

suffycyently1 tylle the king may        
otherwise  advanse them4--,query1 was   
,tusser assigned in this way to ,king's 
,college1 ,cambridge8    #g ,nicholas   
,udall took his degree of ,m4,a4 at     
,oxford in #aecd4    #h ,hatcher1 ,,mss4
 ,catalog4 ,prpos4 ,soc4 ,schol4 ,coll4 
,regal4 ,cant4    #i ,of this nobleman1 
the ancestor of the ,earl of ,uxbridge1 
a very  full account is given in        
,dugdale1 from which it appears that he 
was  born at ,wednesbury in             
,staffordshire1 his father being one of 
the  ,serjeants-at-,mace of the city of 
,london4 ,under ,henry ,,viii4 he was   
,ambassador to ,france1 and ,master of  
the ,post4 ,in #aedi he obtained  a     
grant of the fee of the house without   
,temple ,bar1 first called  ,paget      
,house1 then ,leicester ,house1 and     
lastly ,essex ,house4 ,two years        
afterwards he was ,ambassador to the    
,emperor ,charles ,v41 and in the  same 
year was called by writ to ,parliament  
by the title of ,lord ,paget  of        

,beaudesert1 ,com4 ,salop41 and soon    
after sent to treat for peace  with     
,france4 ,on the fall of the ,duke of   
,somerset1 he was charged  with         
designing the murder of several noblemen
 at ,paget ,house1 and in  consequence  
was sent to the ,tower1 deprived of his 
honours and offices1  and fined #fjjj1  
one-third of which was remitted4 ,on the
 death of  ,edward ,,vi4 he joined the  
,earl of ,arundel1 the chief champion of
 ,queen  ,mary1 and gained her favour by
 his activity4 ,soon after her marriage 
with ,philip1 he was sent ,ambassador to
 the ,emperor at ,brussels1 to  consult 
,cardinal ,pole respecting the          
restoration of ,popery4 ,in this  reign 
he was made ,lord ,privy ,seal4 ,lord   
,paget died very aged1 in #aefc1  and   
was buried at ,drayton in ,middlesex4   
,he left issue by ,anne1 daughter  of   
---- ,prestin1 ,esq41 ,com4 ,lanc41     
three sons and five daughters4 ,his     
eldest son ,henry succeeded him in the  
title2 but dying in #aefh1 the  peerage 

descended to his next brother1 ,thomas1 
whom ,tusser claims also  for a patron4 
,thomas being zealously affected to     
,popery1 and implicated  in the plots in
 favour of ,mary ,queen of ,scots1 fled 
and was attainted  #aehg1 and died three
 years after at ,brussels1 leaving one  
son1 ,thomas1  who succeeded him4    #aj
 ,of the name and family of his first   
wife we are entirely ignorant4    #aa   
,in later editions printed ,ratwade1 and
 transferred to ,sussex1 a  mistake into
 which ,warton has fallen4    #ab       
,tusser is generally supposed to have   
addressed ,sir ,richard  ,southwell as  
,thou worthy wight1 thou famous knight1 
but it is clear  that ,sir ,robert      
,southwell is intended1 for in #aegc    
,tusser alludes to  ,southwell's death  
as having occurred some years before1   
but ,sir ,richard  ,southwell did not   
die till #aegi1 while ,sir ,robert died 
twenty years  previously4--,cooper1     
,ath4 ,cant4    #ac ,his second son1    
,edmond1 was baptized at ,st4 ,giles's1 

,cripplegate1  #acth ,march1 #aegb-c4   
#ad ,the plague to which ,tusser        
evidently alludes 7in stanza #ca of     
,autobiography71 according to ,maitland1
 raged in ,london in #aegc and #aegd4   
#ae ,cooper1 ,ath4 ,cantab4 vol4 i4 p4  
#dbb4    #af ,see p4 xxix4    #ag       
,survey of ,london1 ed4 #afah1 p4 #dgd4 
,the church of ,st4 ,mildred was        
destroyed in the ,great ,fire4    #ah   
,braham ,hall was in #adfj the residence
 of ,sir ,john ,braham1 and  is about a 
mile and a half from ,manningtree1 and  
in the parish of  ,brantham1 where      
,tusser first introduced the culture of 
barley2    ,in ,brantham where rye but  
no barley did grow1  ,good barley ,i    
had1 as a many did know4  ,five seam of 
an acre1 ,i truly was paid1  ,for thirty
 load muck of each acre so laid4        
--,chapt4 #ai1 st4 #i4    ,the field    
where barley first grew at ,brantham is 
still pointed out by  tradition4    #ai 
,hist4 of ,eng4 ,poetry1 vol4 iii4 p4   
#bdi4    #bj ,thus altered in           

,recreations for ingenious ,head        
,pieces2 or a  pleasant ,grove for their
 ,wits to walk in1 etc41 #hvo4 #afdd3-- 
,tusser1 they tell me1 when thou wert   
alive  ,thou1 teaching thrift1 thyself  
could'st never thrive3  ,so1 like the   
whetstone1 many men are wont1  ,to      
sharpen others1 when themselves are     
blunt4    #ba ,shelf-mark1 #ajhag1 g4   
#bb ,notes and ,queries1 #ast ,ser4 vol4
 xii4 p4 #aic4    #bc ,chapter #cj1     
stanza #c4    #bd    ,what season then  
better of all the whole yeere  ,thy     
needie poor neighbour to comfort and    
cheere8    #be ,vol4 i4 pp4 #acf1 #g4   
#bf ,a very curious example is printed  
from ,harl4 ,,ms4 #iac in ,early        
,english ,poems1 ed4 ,furnivall1 pp4    
#ba1 #b4    #bg ,this was probably a    
broadside edition of the ,dialogue found
 in the  ,book of ,husbandry4    #bh ,no
 copy of this date is known to be       
extant1 though it is mentioned  both in 
,weston's and ,king's ,catalogues4      
#bi ,this is the first edition of ,five 

,hundred ,points4    #cj ,differing very
 little from the preceding4 ,it is      
probable that  ,tusser might have left1 
before his death1 some corrections on   
the ed4  of #aehj1 which were introduced
 into this4 ,after this edition1 errors 
seem to have multiplied in every        
successive issue4    #ca ,in ,white's   
,catalogue1 #aghh2 ,mr4 ,ashby saw a    
copy in possession of  ,dr4 ,lort4      
#cb ,extremely incorrect4 ,reprinted in 
,somers' ,tracts by ,sir ,w4  ,scott1   
vol4 iii4 p4 #djc4    #cc ,an edition   
little known1 but certainly existing4   
#cd ,payne's ,catalogue1 #aggc2 ,deck's1
 #agib1 little known4    #ce ,in this   
edition some errors are corrected1 and  
the orthography is  considerably        
modernized4    #cf ,rector of           
,woodstock4          ,,the ,,last ,,will
 ,,of ,,thomas ,,tusser4       ,in the  
name of ,god1 ,amen1 the xxv of ,aprill 
#aehj4 ,i1 ,thomas ,tusser1   of        
,chesterton1 in the ,countye of         
,cambridge1 ,gentleman1 being feeble    

in bodye1 but perfecte in memorie1      
thanks be to ,god1 doe make and         
ordaine this my ,last ,will and         
,testament in manner and forme          
following1   revokinge all other ,wills 
heretofore made4 ,that is to say1       
,ffirst   and principallye ,i give and  
betake my sowle to ,allmightie ,god the 
,father 7my maker7 and to his son ,jesus
 ,christ 7my onelye ,redeemer7 by       
whose merites ,i most firmelye beleve   
and trust to be saved and to be         
partaker of lyef everlastinge1 and to   
the ,holye ,gost 7my ,comforter7        
,three personnes in one ever ,godheade1 
whome ,i doe most humblye thanke   that 
he hathe mercifullye kepte me untill    
this tyme1 and that he hathe   given me 
tyme and space to confesse and bewaile  
my sinnes1 and that he   hathe forgiven 
me them all1 thorough the merites of our
 ,savioure ,jesus   ,christ1 which ,i   
doe undoubtedlye beleve1 because he     
hathe mercifullye   promised yt1 to     
whome be praise for ever and ever1      

,amen4     ,item4 ,i give and bequeathe 
unto ,thomas ,tusser1 my eldest ,sonne1 
to   be delivered unto to him within one
 yere next after my decease ,fyftye     
,pounds of goode and lawful monye of    
,england1 parcell of the ,three         
,hundrethe and ,thirtie ,pownds which   
,william ,tusser my ,brother dothe owe  
unto me uppon one recognisaunce wherein 
he standethe bounde unto me   for the   
true paiment thereof2 and my will is1   
,that suche trustye ,frend   or ,frends1
 as shall be hereafter in this my last  
,will and ,testament   named1 shall have
 the use of the said ,fiftie ,pounds for
 and duringe   the nonage of my said    
,sonne ,thomas1 and untill suche time as
 he shall   accomplishe and come to the 
,age of xx and ,one ,yeres1 putting in  
sufficient suerties for the true paiment
 thereof unto the said ,thomas   my     
,sonne1 and alsoe to paye for and       
towards the bringinge up of my   said   
,sonne ,thomas1 yerelye1 the summe of   
,fyve ,pownds untill he shall           

accomplish and come to the ,age of      
,twentye and ,one ,yeres2 and when my   
said ,sonne ,thomas shall accomplishe   
his said ,age of ,twentye and ,one      
,yeres1 ,i will that the said summe of  
,fyftye ,pownds shalbe1 within one      
monethe next ensueing after the said    
accomplishment of ,twentye and ,one     
,yeres unto him well and trulye         
contented and paid at one whole and     
entire paiment1 c4 c4 ,,thomas ,,tusser4
     ,item4 ,i give unto ,john ,tusser  
my second ,sonne other ,fyftie ,pownds  
of lawfull monye of ,england due unto me
 by the foresaid recognisance1   and to 
be bestowed and employed to his use     
duringe his minoritie1 and   likewise to
 be paid unto him in suche and as lardge
 manner and forme   to all constructions
 and purposes as is before declared of  
the other   ,fyftie ,pownds before      
devised unto my ,sonne ,thomas ,tusser2 
and also   ,fyve ,pownds to be paid     
yerely during his minoritie in manner   
and forme   before rehersed4 ,,thomas   

,,tusser4     ,item4 ,i give and        
bequeathe unto ,edmond ,tusser1 my      
,sonne1 and to   ,marye ,tusser1 my     
daughter1 and unto either of them the   
,summe of ,fyftye   ,pownds1 due to me  
by force of the foresaid recognisaunce1 
and to be   bestowed and employed to the
 seuerall uses and benefitts of them and
   either of them duringe their         
minorities1 and likewise to be paid to  
either of them in suche and as lardge   
manner and forme in everie   respect1 to
 all constructions and purposes1 as is  
before declared of   the ,fyftye ,pownds
 devised before to my ,sonne ,thomas    
,tusser2 and also   ,fyve ,pownds a     
peece yerelye duringe their minorities1 
in manner and   forme before rehersed4  
,,thomas ,,tusser4     ,item4 ,i give   
and bequeathe unto ,amy ,tusser1 my     
,wyef1 the summe of   ,foure score      
,pownds of lawful monye of ,england dewe
 to me by force of   the said           
recognisaunce1 and to be paid unto her  
within one whole yere   next ensewinge  

after my decease4 ,,thomas ,,tusser4    
,item4 ,my will and intent is1 ,that yf 
my brother ,william ,tusser doe         
accordinge unto the intent and true     
meaninge of this my last ,will and      
,testament well and truelye pay the     
foresaid severall summes of monye       
before given and bequeathed1 unto ,amye1
 my ,wyef1 to ,thomas my ,sonne1   and  
to the rest of my children before named1
 and alsoe doe from tyme   to tyme and  
at all times hereafter save and kepe    
harmles my ,heires1   ,executors1 and   
,administrators1 and everie of them1 of 
and from all   trobles1 chardges1 and   
excumbrances1 which maye at anye time   
hereafter   come1 rise1 or growe for or 
by reason of any manner of ,bonds       
wherein   ,i stande bounde for or with  
him as suertie1 ,that then ,i give and  
bequeathe unto him the summe of ,fyftie 
,pownds being the residue of the   said 
,summe due unto me by the force of the  
said recognisance before   rehersed2 and
 yf he doe not well and trulye performe 

the same1 then ,i   give the said       
,fiftie ,pownds unto my ,executors of   
this my last ,will and   ,testament4    
,,thomas ,,tusser4     ,item4 ,i will   
that yf anye of my children dye before  
they come to   and accomplishe theire   
foresaid severall ,ages of xxi ,yeres   
that then   ,i will that his or theire  
parts or portions shalbe destributed and
   equallye divided to and amongst the  
rest of my other children then          
survyveinge4 ,,thomas ,,tusser4         
,item4 ,i give and bequeathe unto the   
afore-named ,thomas ,tusser1 my         
,sonne1 and his ,heires1 all those seven
 ,acres and a ,roode of ,copy   holde1  
which ,i nowe have lyinge in the ,parish
 or ,feilds of ,chesterton2   to have   
and to holde the same1 after the deathe 
of ,amye1 my ,wyef1 to   him his ,heires
 and ,assignes for ever4 ,,thomas       
,,tusser4     ,item4 ,i give also to the
 said ,thomas ,tusser1 my ,sonne1 all   
suche   ,estate and ,tearme of ,yeares  
as ,i have yet to come in a certain     

,close   called ,lawyer's ,close1 lyinge
 and beinge in the ,parish of           
,chesterton1   which said ,close ,i have
 demised unto one ,william ,mosse for   
the tearme   of one whole ,yere         
begininge at the ,feast of ,st4         
,gregorye last past1   yeldinge and     
payeinge for the same xxxvs4 ,rente1    
which said ,rente   ,i doe also gyve to 
my said ,sonne ,thomas towards his      
bringinge up in   learninge4 ,,thomas   
,,tusser4     ,item4 ,i give also to the
 said ,thomas my ,bookes of ,musicke and
   ,virginalls4 ,,thomas ,,tusser4      
,item4 ,the residue of all my ,bonds1   
,goods and ,chattells1 moveable   and   
immovable in ,chesterton aforesaid or   
ellswhere1 beinge in this   my last     
,will and ,testament unbequeathed1 ,i   
give to ,amye1 my ,wyef1   dischardging 
all my debts and ,funerall ,expenses1   
not amountinge unto   above the summe of
 ,twentye ,marckes4 ,and of this my last
 ,will and   ,testament ,i constitute my
 said ,sonne ,thomas ,tusser my full and

 whole   ,executor2 and yf he happen to 
dye before he accomplishe his full ,age 
of ,twentye and ,one ,yeres1 then ,i doe
 constitute and make ,john ,tusser1   my
 second ,sonne1 my ,executor4 ,and yf yt
 fortune the said ,john to dye   before 
he accomplish the ,age of xxi ,yeares1  
,i constitute and make   ,edmond        
,tusser1 my ,sonne1 my whole ,executor2 
and yf yt happen the said   ,edmond do  
dye before he dothe accomplish and come 
to the ,age of xxi   ,yeres1 ,i do then 
make and constitute ,amye ,tusser1 my   
,wyef1 my full and   whole ,executor of 
this my last ,will and ,testament4      
,,thomas ,,tusser4     ,item4 ,i doe    
constitute ordaine and make one ,edmond 
,moon1 ,gentleman1   ,father to the said
 ,amye1 my ,wyef1 and ,grandfather to my
 forenamed   ,children1 my said trustie 
,frend before mentioned in this my said 
last   ,will and ,testament1 ,guardian  
and ,tutor unto my forenamed ,children  
and   ,supervisor and ,overseer of this 
my last ,will and ,testament1 unto whome

   ,i doe next under ,god comitte bothe 
my ,wyef and my forenamed ,children     
trustinge assuredlye that he will take a
 fatherlye care over them as   fleshe of
 his fleshe and bone of his bones4      
,,thomas ,,tusser4     ,those whose     
names be hereunder written beinge       
,witnesses to this   present last ,will 
and ,testament4     ,,john ,,plommer ,of
 ,barnard's ,inne1 in the ,countye of   
,middlesex1 ,gentleman4     ,,richard   
,,clue4     ,,thomas ,,jeve4     ,,james
 ,,blower4     ,,wiliam ,,hygeart4      
,mem4 ,that ,william ,hygeart dwellethe 
in ,southwerke1 with ,mr4 ,towlye1      
,copper ,smith2 ,richard ,clue in ,st4  
,nicholas ,lane1 free of the ,merchant  
,taylers2 ,thomas ,jeve1 ,ironmonger2   
,james ,blower1 ,servant1 free of       
,clotheworkers4     ,sealed and         
delivered in the presence of the parties
 above named4     ,,john ,,bootes4      
,,francis ,,shackelton1 the ,parson of  
,st4 ,myldred's in the ,poultrie1       
,,john ,,plommer4     ,proved in the    

,prerogative ,court of the ,archbishop  
of ,canterbury1 the   #hth day of       
,august #aehj1 by his ,son1 ,thomas     
,tusser4          ,fiue hundred pointes 
of good ,husbandrie1 as well for the    
,champion1 or  open countrie1 as also   
for the woodland1 or ,seuerall1 mixed in
 euerie  ,month with ,huswiferie1 ouer  
and besides the booke of ,huswiferie1   
corrected1 better ordered1 and newly    
augmented to a fourth part more1  with  
diuers other lessons1 as a diet for the 
fermer1 of the properties  of winds1    
planets1 hops1 herbes1 bees1 and        
approoued remedies for  sheepe  cattle1 
with many other matters both profitable1
 and not  vnpleasant for the ,reader4   
,also a table of husbandrie at the      
beginning  of this booke3 and another of
 huswiferie at the end3 for the better  
and  easier finding of any matter       
conteined in the same4    ,newly set    
foorth by ,thomas ,tusser ,gentleman1   
servant to the honorable  ,lorde ,paget 
of ,beaudesert4    ,imprinted at        

,london1 by ,henrie ,denham1 dwelling in
 ,paternoster ,row1 at  the signe of the
 ,starre4    #aehj4          ,a ,lesson4
    ,a lesson how to confer euery       
abstract with his month1  how to finde  
out huswiferie verses by the ,pilcrowe1 
and ,champion from ,woodland4      ,in  
euerie month1 er#a in aught be          
begun1,e#a  ,reade ouer that month1 what
 auailes to be dun4  ,so neither this   
trauell#b shall seeme to be lost3  ,nor 
thou to repent of this trifeling cost4  
,the figure of abstract and month doo   
agree1  ,which one to another relations 
bee4,e#b  ,these verses so short1       
without figure that stand1#c  ,be points
 of themselues1 to be taken in hand4    
#d  ,in husbandrie matters1 where       
,pilcrowe,e#c ye finde1  ,that verse    
appertaineth to huswiferie kinde4  ,so  
haue ye mo lessons1 7if there ye looke  
well71  ,than huswiferie booke doth     
vtter or tell4    ,of ,champion         
husbandrie now doo ,i write1  ,which    
heretofore neuer this booke did recite4 

,with lessons approoued1 by practise and
 skill3  ,to profit the ignorant1 buie  
it that will4    ,the ,champion differs 
from ,seuerall much1  ,for want of      
partition1 closier and such4  ,one name 
to them both doo ,i giue now  than1     
,for ,champion countrie1 and ,champion  
man4    #a yer4 #aehe4    #b travail4   
#aegg4    #c ,the lessons that after    
those figures so stand4 #aegg4    #d    
,the edition of #aegg contains only the 
first two verses4          ,the ,table  
of ,husbandrie4    ,a ,table of the     
pointes of husbandrie mentioned in this 
booke4      99 99 99 ,roman words in    
are wanting in #aegg edition2 italics in
    are additions in the edition of     
#aegg1 in which y is substituted for    
ie1 and accented  is unused4      ,the  
,epistle to the ,lord ,william ,paget   
deceased1 and the occasion first  of    
this booke4    ,the ,epistle to the     
,lord ,thomas ,paget1 second sonne1 and 
now heire to  the ,lord ,william ,paget 
his father4    ,the ,epistel ,to the    

,reader4    ,an ,introduction to the    
booke of husbandrie4    ,a ,preface to  
the buier of this booke4 ,the preface4  
,the commodities of husbandrie4    ,the 
praise of husbandrie by a redele4       
,the description of husband  husbandrie4
    ,the ladder of xxxiiij steps to     
thrift4    ,good husbandlie lessons     
worthie to be followed of such as will  
thriue4    ,an habitation inforced1     
aduisedly better late than neuer2 made  
upon these wordes1 ,sit downe ,robin and
 rest the4    ,the farmers dailie diet4 
,a description of the properties of     
winds all ye times of the yere4    ,of  
the ,planets4    ,septembers abstract4  
,other short remembrances for           
,september4    ,septembers husbandrie   
with the nedeful furnyture of ye barne  
stable1   plough1 cart1 yard1  field1   
togither with the manner of gathering   
hops1 drying  keping them4    ,a        
digression to husbandlie furniture4     
,the residue of ,septembers husbandrie1 
agreing with his former  abstract4      

,octobers abstract4    ,other short     
remembrances for ,october4    ,octobers 
husbandrie4    ,a digression to the     
vsage of diuers countries concerning    
tillage4    ,the residue of ,octobers   
husbandrie1 agreing with his former     
abstract4    ,nouembers abstract4       
,other short remembrances for ,nouember4
    ,nouembers husbandrie agreing with  
his former abstract4    ,decembers      
abstract4    ,other short remembrances  
for ,december4    ,decembers husbandrie 
agreing with his former abstract4    ,a 
digression directing to hospitalitie4   
,a description of time1 and the yere4   
,a description of life  riches4    ,a   
description of houskeping4    ,a        
description of the feast of the birth of
 ,christ1 commonlie called  ,christmas4 
,a description of apt time to spend4    
,against fantastical scruplenes4        
,christmas husbandlie fare4    ,a       
,christmas caroll of the birth of       
,christ1 vpon the tune of king          
,salomon4    ,ianuaries abstract and at 

the end thereof diuers sorts of trees   
and  frutes to bee then set or remoued1 
following the order of ye alphabet  or  
crosserowe4,e#d    ,other short         
remembrances for ,ianuarie4    ,of tres 
or fruites to be set or remooued4       
,ianuaries husbandrie agreing with his  
former abstract4    ,februaries         
abstract4    ,other short remembrances  
for ,februarie4    ,februaries          
husbandrie agreing with his former      
abstract4    ,marches abstract and at   
the ende therof1 the names of the       
seedes1  herbes1 flowers  rootes than to
 be sowen or set1 unles the time  be    
otherwise noted by expresse wordes1 as  
wel for kitchin herbes1  strowing herbes
  flowers1 as herbes to stil  for       
phisick1 set after  the order of the    
alphabet or crosserowe4    ,other short 
remembrances for ,march4    ,seedes and 
hearbes for the kitchen4    ,herbes and 
rootes for sallets and sauce4    ,herbs 
or rootes to boile or to butter4        
,strowing herbs of all sorts4           

,herbes1 branches and flowers for       
windowes and pots4    ,herbs to still in
 ,summer4    ,necessarie herbes to growe
 in the garden for ,physicke not        
rehersed  before4    ,marches husbandrie
 agreing with his former abstract with  
the maner  of setting of hops4          
,aprils abstract4    ,aprils husbandrie 
agreing with his former abstract with a 
lesson  for dairy maide ,cisseley and of
 x toppings gests in hir whitmeat1      
better lost then found4    ,a digression
 to dairie matters4    ,a lesson for    
dairie maid ,cisley of ten toppings     
gests4    ,maies abstract4    ,two other
 short remembrances for ,maie4    ,maies
 husbandrie agreing with his former     
abstract4    ,junes abstract4    ,a     
lesson of hopyard4    ,junes husbandrie 
agreing with his former abstract1 with a
 lesson to  chuse a meete plot for hopps
 and howe then to be doing with the     
same4    ,a lesson where and when to    
plant good hopyard4    ,julies abstract4
    ,julies husbandrie agreing with his 

former abstract and hay  harvest4       
,augusts abstract4    ,workes after     
haruest4    ,augusts husbandrie agreing 
with his former abstract  corne         
haruest4    ,corne haruest equally      
diuided into ten partes4    ,the        
conclusion of the whole booke set out in
 #ab verses euery word  beginning with a
 ,t ye first letter of the ,authors     
name4    ,a briefe conclusion in verse1 
euerie word beginning with a ,t4        
,mans age divided into xij prentiships1 
from seuen yeares to  fourescore and    
foure4    ,a briefe description of      
thenclinations of mans age by the       
similitude  of the ,ape1 ,lion1 ,foxe1  
the ,asse4    ,another diuision of the  
nature of mans age4    ,a comparison    
betwene good husbandrie and bad euill4  
,a comparison betwene woodland          
,champion countrie and ,seuerall4       
,the description of an enuious and      
naughtie neighbour4    ,a ,sonet howe to
 set a candle afore the ,deuill4    ,a  
,sonet against a slaunderous tongue4    

,a ,sonet to his ,lord  ,master of his  
first vij yeres seruice vpon  the       
,authors first seuen yeres seruice4     
,the ,authors ,a dialogue betweene two  
,bachelers batchillers1  of wiuing      
thriuing1 by affirmation  negation  the 
maryed mans  iudgment thereof4    ,the  
wedded mans iudgement taking vp the     
matter of wiuing and thriuing4    ,how  
ewes should be vsed that are nere       
lambing4    ,how lambes should be vsed  
when they are yoong4    ,what times are 
most mete for rearing of calues4    ,how
 to cure the wrigling of ye taile in a  
shepe or a lambe4    ,of gelding        
horsecolts4    ,a waie how to haue large
 brede of hogs4    ,a medicine for faint
 cattle4    ,howe to fasten loose teth  
in a bullocke4    ,how to preuent the   
breeding of the bots in horses4    ,a   
medicine for the cowlaske4,e#e    ,of   
burieng dead cattle4    ,a waie how to  
preserue bes4    ,what is to be done    
with measeled hogs4    ,what times are  
most mete for letting of horses blood4  

,the ,table of ,huswiferie you shall    
finde at the ende of the booke4         
,,finis4      99 99 99 ,tusser's        
references to pages are omitted4        
#a4     ,the ,author's ,epistle to the  
late ,lord ,william ,paget1 wherein he  
doth  discourse of his owne bringing vp1
 and of the goodnes of the said  ,lord  
his master vnto him1 and the occasion of
 this his booke1 thus  set forth of his 
owne long practise4    ,chap4 #a4       
#a;,e#f  ,t  ,time trieth the troth1,e#g
 in euerie thing1  ,h  ,herewith let men
 content their minde1#a  ,o  ,of works1 
which best may profit bring1  ,m  ,most 
rash to iudge1 most often blinde4  ,a   
,as therefore troth in time shall craue1
  ,s  ,so let this booke iust fauor     
haue4    #b  ,t  ,take you my ,lord and 
,master than1  ,u  ,vnlesse mischance   
mischanceth me1,e#h  ,s  ,such homelie  
gift1 of me your man1  ,s  ,since more  
in ,court ,i may not be1  ,a  ,and let  
your praise1 wonne heretofore1  ,r      
,remaine abrode for euermore4,e#i    #c 

,m  ,my seruing you1 7thus vnderstand17 
,a  ,and ,god his helpe1 and yours      
withall1,e#aj  ,d  ,did cause good lucke
 to take mine hand1  ,e  ,erecting one  
most like to fall4    ,m  ,my seruing   
you1 ,i know it was1  ,e  ,enforced this
 to come to pas4    #d  ,since being    
once at ,cambridge taught1  ,of ,court  
ten yeeres ,i made assaie1  ,no ,musicke
 then was left vnsaught1  ,such care ,i 
had to serue that waie4  ,when ioie gan 
slake1 then made ,i change1  ,expulsed#b
 mirth1 for ,musicke strange4    #e  ,my
 ,musicke since hath bene the plough1   
,entangled with some care among1  ,the  
gaine not great1 the paine ynough1      
,hath made me sing another song4  ,which
 song1 if well ,i may auow1  ,i craue it
 iudged be by yow4    ,your seruant     
,thomas ,tusser4    #a ,how euery man   
doth please his mind4 #aegg4    #b      
,expelled4 #aehe4          #b4     ,to  
the ,right ,honorable and my speciall   
good ,lord and ,master1 the  ,lord      
,thomas ,paget of ,beaudesert1 sone and 

heire to his late#a  father deceased4   
,chap4 #b4      #a  ,my ,lord1 your     
father looued me1  and you my ,lord haue
 prooued me1  and both your loues haue  
mooued me1    to write as here is donne3
  ,since ,god hath hence your father1   
such flowers as ,i gather1  ,i dedicate 
now rather1    to you my ,lord his      
sonne4    #b  ,your father was my       
founder1  till death became his wounder1
  no subiect euer sounder1    whome     
,prince aduancement gaue3  ,as ,god did 
here defend him1  and honour here did   
send him1  so will ,i here commend him1 
as long as life ,i haue4    #c  ,his    
neighbours then did blisse him1  his    
seruants now doe misse him1  the poore  
would gladlie kisse him1    aliue againe
 to be3  ,but ,god hath wrought his     
pleasure1  and blest him1 out of        
measure1  with heauen and earthlie      
treasure1    so good a ,god is he4      
,sidenote3 ,ceres the ,goddesse of      
husbandrie4    #d  ,his counsell had ,i 
vsed1  and ,ceres art refused1  ,i neede

 not thus haue mused1    nor droope as  
now ,i do3  ,but ,i must plaie the      
farmer1  and yet no whit the warmer1    
although ,i had his armer1    and other 
comfort to4    ,sidenote3 sops fable4   
#e  ,the ,foxe doth make me minde him1  
whose glorie so did blinde him1  till   
taile cut off behinde him1    no fare   
could him content3  ,euen so must ,i be 
proouing1  such glorie ,i had in        
loouing1  of things to plough behoouing1
    that makes me now repent4           
,sidenote3 ,salust4    #f  ,loiterers ,i
 kept so meanie1  both ,philip1 ,hob1   
and ,cheanie1  that1 that waie nothing  
geanie1    was thought to make me       
thriue3  ,like ,iugurth1 ,prince of     
,numid1,e#aa  my gold awaie consumid1   
with losses so perfumid1,e#ab    was    
neuer none aliue4    #g  ,great fines so
 neere did pare me1  great rent so much 
did skare me1  great charge so long did 
dare me1    that made me at length crie 
creake3,e#ac  ,much more#b of all such  
fleeces1,e#ad  as oft ,i lost by peeces1

  among such wilie geeces    ,i list no 
longer speake4    #h  ,though countrie  
health long staid me1  yet lesse#c      
expiring fraid me1  and 7ictus          
sapit,e#ae7 praid me    to seeke more   
steadie staie3  ,new lessons then ,i    
noted1  and some of them ,i coted1#d    
least some should think ,i doted1    by 
bringing naught awaie4    ,sidenote3    
,pallas1 ,goddesse of wisdome and       
cunning4    #i  ,though ,pallas hath    
denide me1  hir learned pen to guide me1
  for that she dailie spide me1    with 
countrie how ,i stood3  ,yet ,ceres so  
did bold me1  with hir good lessons told
 me1  that rudenes cannot hold me1      
from dooing countrie good4    #aj  ,by  
practise and ill speeding1  these       
lessons had their breeding1  and not by 
hearesaie1 or reeding1    as some abrode
 haue blowne3  ,who will not thus       
beleeue me1  so much the more they      
greeue me1  because they grudge to geeue
 me1    that is of right mine owne4     
#aa  ,at first for want of teaching1  at

 first for trifles breaching1  at first 
for ouer reaching1#e    and lacke of    
taking hid1#f  was cause that toile so  
tost me1  that practise so much cost me1
  that rashnes so much lost me1    or   
hindred as it did4    #ab  ,yet will ,i 
not despaier  thorough ,gods good gift  
so faier  through friendship1 gold1 and 
praier1    in countrie againe to dwell3 
,where rent so shall not paine me1  but 
paines shall helpe to gaine me1  and    
gaines shall helpe maintaine me1    ,new
 lessons mo to tell4    #ac  ,for citie 
seemes a wringer1  the penie for to     
finger1  from such as there doe linger1 
or for their pleasure lie3  ,though     
countrie be more painfull1  and not so  
greedie gainfull1  yet is it not so     
vainfull1    in following fansies eie4  
#ad  ,i haue no labour wanted  to prune 
this tree thus planted1  whose fruite to
 none is scanted1    in house or yet in 
feeld3  ,which fruite1 the more ye taste
 of1  the more to eate1 ye haste of1    
the lesse this fruite ye waste of1#g    

such fruite this tree doth yeeld4    #ae
  ,my#h tree or booke thus framed1  with
 title alreadie named1  ,i trust goes   
forth vnblamed1    in your good         
,lordships name3  ,as my good ,lord ,i  
take you1  and neuer will forsake you1  
so now ,i craue to make you    defender 
of the same4      ,your seruant ,thomas 
,tusser4    #a ,in the edition of #aege 
the word ,thomas1 and the words         
following  ,beaudesert1 do not occur1   
and the whole ,epistle precedes that to 
,lord  ,william ,paget4    #b mort4     
#afbj4    #c lease4 #aehe and #afbj4    
#d quoted4 #aehe and #afbj4    #e       
reacing4 #aeii4    #f hede4 #aegg4    #g
    ,which fruite to say 7who hast of7  
though nere so much they taste of  yet  
can they make no waste of4 #aegg4    #h 
this4 #aegc4 #aegg4          #c4     ,to
 the ,reader4    ,chap4 #c4      #a  ,i 
have been praid  to shew mine aid1  in  
taking paine1  not for the gaine1  but  
for good will1  to shew such skill    as
 shew ,i could3  ,that husbandrie  with 

huswiferie  as cock and hen1  to        
countrie men1  all strangenes gone1     
might ioine in one1    as louers should4
    #b  ,i trust both this  performed   
is1  and how that here  it shall appere1
  with iudgement right1  to thy delight1
    is brought to passe3  ,that such as 
wiue1  and faine would thriue1  be      
plainly taught  how good from naught    
may trim be tride1  and liuely spide1   
as in a glasse4    #c  ,what should ,i  
win1  by writing in  my losses past1    
that ran as fast  as running streame1   
from reame to reame    that flowes so   
swift8  ,for that ,i could  not get for 
gould1  to teach me how1  as this doth  
yow1  through daily gaine1  the waie so 
plaine    to come by thrift4    #d      
,what is a grote  or twaine to note1    
once in the life  for man or wife1  to  
saue a pound1  in house or ground1      
ech other weeke8,e#af  ,what more for   
health1  what more for wealth1  what    
needeth lesse1  run ,iack1 helpe ,besse1
  to staie amis1  not hauing this1      

far off to seeke8    #e  ,i do not craue
  mo thankes to haue1  than giuen to me 
alreadie be1  but this is all  to such  
as shall    peruse this booke3  ,that   
for my sake1  they gently take1  where  
ere they finde  against their minde1    
when he or she  shall minded be         
therein to looke4    #f  ,and grant me  
now1  thou reader thow1  of termes to   
vse1  such choise to chuse1  as may     
delight  the countrie wight1    and     
knowledge bring3  ,for such doe praise  
the countrie phraise1  the countrie     
acts1  the countrie facts1  the countrie
 toies1  before the ioies    of anie    
thing4    #g  ,nor looke thou here  that
 euerie shere,e#ag  of euerie verse  ,i 
thus reherse  may profit take  or       
vantage make    by lessons such3  ,for  
here we see  things seuerall bee1  and  
there no dike1  but champion like1  and 
sandie soile1  and claiey toile1    doe 
suffer#a much4    #h  ,this#b being     
waid1  be not afraid  to buie to proue1 
to reade with loue1  to followe some1   

and so to come    by practise true3  ,my
 paine is past1  thou warning hast1  th'
 experience mine1  the vantage thine1   
may giue thee choice  to crie or        
reioice3    and thus adue4    ,finis ,t4
 ,tusser4    #a differ4 #aegc2 suffer4  
#aegg4    #b ,thus4 #aegg4          #d4 
,an ,introduction to the ,booke of      
,husbandrie4#a    ,chap4 #d4      #a    
,good husbandmen must moile  toile1     
to laie to liue by laboured feeld3      
,their wiues at home must keepe such    
coile1,e#ah    as their like actes may  
profit yeeld4      ,for well they knowe1
      as shaft from bowe1      or chalke
 from snowe1  ,a good round rent their  
,lords they giue1    and must keepe     
touch in all their paie3  ,with credit  
crackt else for to liue1    or trust to 
legs and run awaie4    ,sidenote3       
,ceres1 ,goddesse of husbandry4    #b   
,though fence well kept is one good     
point1    and tilth well done1 in season
 due2  ,yet needing salue in time to    
annoint1    is all in all and needfull  

true3      ,as for the rest1      thus  
thinke ,i best1      as friend doth     
gest1  ,with hand in hand to leade thee 
foorth    to ,ceres campe1 there to     
behold  ,a thousand things as richlie   
woorth1    as any pearle is woorthie    
gold4    #a ,this ,introduction is not  
in the editions of #aegc or #aegg4      
#e4     ,a ,preface to the buier of this
 booke4    ,chap4 #e4      #a  ,what    
lookest thou herein to haue8  ,fine     
verses thy fansie to please8  ,of many  
my betters that craue1  ,looke nothing  
but rudenes in thease4,e#ai    #b  ,what
 other thing lookest thou then8  ,graue 
sentences many to finde8  ,such1 ,poets 
haue twentie and ten1  ,yea thousands   
contenting the minde4    #c  ,what looke
 ye1 ,i praie you shew what8  ,termes   
painted with ,rhetorike fine8  ,good    
husbandrie seeketh not that1  ,nor ist  
any meaning of mine4    #d  ,what       
lookest thou1 speake at the last8  ,good
 lessons for thee and thy wife8  ,then  
keepe them in memorie fast1  ,to helpe  

as a comfort to life4    #e  ,what looke
 ye for more in my booke8  ,points      
needfull and meete to be knowne8  ,then 
dailie be suer to looke1  ,to saue to be
 suer thine owne4    99 99 99 ,mason    
remarks that this metre was peculiar to 
,shenstone4,e#bj          #f4    ,the   
commodities of ,husbandrie4    ,chap4   
#f4      #a      ,let house haue to fill
 her1      ,let land haue to till her4  
,no dwellers1 what profiteth house for  
to stand8  ,what goodnes1 vnoccupied1   
bringeth the land8    #b      ,no labor 
no bread1      ,no host we be dead4  ,no
 husbandry vsed1 how soone shall we     
sterue8  ,house keeping neglected1 what 
comfort to serue8    #c      ,ill father
 no gift1      ,no knowledge no thrift4 
,the father an vnthrift1 what hope to   
the sonne8  ,the ruler vnskilfull1 how  
quickly vndonne8          #g4    ,chap4 
#g4          ,as true as thy faith      
,this riddle thus saith4    ,sidenote3  
,the praise of husbandrie4    ,i seeme  
but a drudge1 yet ,i passe any ,king    

,to such as can vse me1 great wealth ,i 
do bring4  ,since ,adam first liued1 ,i 
neuer did die1  ,when ,noe was shipman1 
there also was ,i4  ,the earth to       
susteine me1 the sea for my fish3,e#ba  
,be readie to pleasure me1 as ,i would  
wish4#a  ,what hath any life1 but ,i    
helpe to preserue1  ,what wight without 
me1 but is ready to sterue4  ,in        
woodland1 in ,champion1 ,citie1 or towne
  ,if long ,i be absent1 what falleth   
not downe8  ,if long ,i be present1 what
 goodnes can want8  ,though things at my
 comming were neuer so scant4  ,so many 
as looue me1 and vse me aright1  ,with  
treasure and pleasure1 ,i richly        
acquite4  ,great kings ,i doe succour1  
else wrong it would go1  ,the ,king of  
al kings hath appointed it so4    #a    
,the earth is my storehouse1 the sea my 
fishpond1  ,what good is in either1 by  
me it is found4 #aegg4          #h4     
,the description of ,husbandrie4        
,chap4 #h4      #a  ,of husband1 doth   
husbandrie challenge that name1    of   

husbandrie1 husband doth likewise the   
same  ,where huswife and huswiferie1    
ioineth with thease1    there wealth in 
abundance is gotten with ease4    #b    
,the name of a husband1 what is it to   
saie8    of wife and the houshold the   
band and the staie3  ,some husbandlie   
thriueth that neuer had wife1    yet    
scarce a good husband in goodnes of     
life4    #c  ,the husband is he that to 
labour doth fall1    the labour of him  
,i doe husbandrie call3  ,if thrift by  
that labour be any way caught1    then  
is it good husbandrie1 else it is       
naught4    #d  ,so houshold and         
housholdrie ,i doe define1    for folke 
and the goodes that in house be of thine
  ,house keeping to them1 as a refuge is
 set1    which like as it is1 so report 
it doth get4    #e  ,be house or the    
furniture neuer so rude1    of husband  
and husbandrie1 7thus ,i conclude37     
,that huswife and huswiferie1 if it be  
good1    must pleasure togither as      
cosins in blood4          #i4     ,the  

,ladder to thrift4    ,chap4 #i4      #a
  ,to take thy calling thankfully1,e#bb 
and shun#a the path to beggery4    #b   
,to grudge in youth no drudgery1  to    
come by knowledge perfectly4    #c  ,to 
count no trauell slauerie1  that brings 
in penie sauerlie4    #d  ,to folow     
profit earnestlie  but meddle not with  
pilferie4    #e  ,to get by honest      
practisie1  and kepe thy gettings       
couertlie4    #f  ,to lash not out too  
lashinglie1  for feare of pinching      
penurie4    #g  ,to get good plot to    
occupie1  and store and vse it          
husbandlie4    #h  ,to shew to landlord 
curtesie1  and kepe thy couenants       
orderlie4    #i  ,to hold that thine is 
lawfullie1  for stoutnes or for         
flatterie4    #aj  ,to wed good wife for
 companie1  and liue in wedlock         
honestlie4    #aa  ,to furnish house    
with housholdry1  and make prouision    
skilfully4    #ab  ,to ioine to wife    
good familie1,e#bc  and none to kepe for
 brauerie4    #ac  ,to suffer none liue 

idlelie1  for feare of idle knauerie4   
#ad  ,to courage wife in huswiferie1    
and vse well dooers gentilie4    #ae    
,to keepe no more but nedfullie1  and   
count excesse vnsauerie4    #af  ,to    
raise betimes the lubberlie1  both      
snorting ,hob and ,margerie4#b    #ag   
,to walke thy pastures vsuallie1  to    
spie ill neighbours subtiltie4    #ah   
,to hate reuengement hastilie1  for     
loosing loue and amitie4    #ai  ,to    
loue thy neighbor neighborly1  and shew 
him no discurtesy4    #bj  ,to answere  
stranger ciuilie1  but shew him not thy 
secresie4    #ba  ,to vse no friend     
deceitfully1  to offer no man villeny4  
#bb  ,to learne how foe to pacifie1  but
 trust him not too trustilie4    #bc    
,to kepe thy touch substanciallie1  and 
in thy word vse constancie4    #bd  ,to 
make thy bandes aduisedly1   com not    
bound through suerty4    #be  ,to meddle
 not with vsurie1  nor lend thy monie   
foolishlie4    #bf  ,to hate to liue in 
infamie1  through craft1 and liuing     

shiftingly4#c    #bg  ,to shun all kinde
 of treachery1  for treason endeth      
horribly4    #bh  ,to learne to eschew  
ill cpany1  and such as liue            
dishonestly4    #bi  ,to banish house of
 blasphemie1  least crosses crosse      
vnluckelie4,e#bd    #cj  ,to stop       
mischance1 through policy1  for chancing
 too vnhappily4    #ca  ,to beare thy   
crosses patiently1  for worldly things  
are slippery4    #cb  ,to laie to kepe  
from miserie1  age comming on so        
crepinglie4    #cc  ,to praie to ,god   
continuallie1  for aide against thine   
enimie4    #cd  ,to spend thy ,sabboth  
holilie1  and helpe the needie          
pouertie4#d    #ce  ,to liue in         
conscience quietly1  and kepe thy selfe 
from malady4    #cf  ,to ease thy       
sicknes spedilie1  er helpe be past     
recouerie4    #cg  ,to seke to ,god for 
remedie1  for witches prooue vnluckilie4
    #ch  ,these be the steps            
vnfainedlie3  to climbe to thrift by    
husbandrie4    #ci  ,these steps both   

reach1 and teach thee shall3  ,to come  
by thrift1 to shift withall4      99 99 
99 ,stanzas #be1 #bg1 #bh1 #cb1 #cg are 
not in the edition of #aegg4 ,after  #ca
 the edition of #aegg has3--    #bi  ,to
 train thy child vp vertuously  that    
vertue vice may qualifie4    #cj  ,to   
bridle wild otes fantasie1,e#be  to     
spend thee naught vnthriftely4    #a    
shonne4 #aegg4    #b ,to rise betimes up
 readely4 #aegg4    #c naughtily4 #aegc1
 #aeeg4    #d poore in misery4 #aegg4   
#aj4     ,good husbandlie lessons       
worthie to be followed of such as will  
thriue4    ,chap4 #aj4      #a  ,god    
sendeth and giueth both mouth and the   
meat1    and blesseth vs al with his    
benefits great3  ,then serue we that    
,god that so richly doth giue1    shew  
loue to our neighbors1 and lay for to   
liue4    #ba  ,as bud by appearing      
betokneth the spring1    and leafe by   
her falling the contrarie thing3  ,so   
youth bids vs labour1 to get as we can1 
for age is a burden to laboring man4    

#c  ,a competent liuing1 and honestly   
had1    makes such as are godlie both   
thankfull and glad3  ,life neuer        
contented1 with honest estate1          
lamented is oft1 and repented too late4 
#d  ,count neuer wel gotten that        
naughtly is got1    nor well to account 
of which honest is not3,e#bf  ,looke    
long not to prosper1 that wayest not    
this1    least prospering faileth1 and  
all go amisse4    ,sidenote3 ,laie      
wisely to marrie4    #e  ,true wedlock  
is best1 for auoiding of sinne1    the  
bed vndefiled much honour doth winne3   
,though loue be in choosing farre better
 than gold1    let loue come with       
somewhat1 the better to hold4,e#bg      
,sidenote3 ,concord bringeth foyson4    
#f  ,where cooples agree not is ranker  
and strife1    where such be together is
 seldome good life3  ,where cooples in  
wedlock doe louelie agree1    there     
foyson remaineth1 if wisedome there bee4
    ,sidenote3 ,wife and children craue 
a dwelling4    #g  ,who looketh to      

marrie must laie to keepe house1    for 
loue may not alway be plaieing with     
douse3  ,if children encrease1 and no   
staie of thine owne1    what afterwards 
followes is soone to be knowne4         
,sidenote3 ,thee for thriue4            
,sidenote3 ,hostisses grudge3 nurses    
craue4    #h  ,once charged with        
children1 or likelie to bee1    giue    
ouer to sudgerne1 that thinkest to      
thee3,e#bh  ,least grutching of hostis1 
and crauing of nurse1    be costlie and 
noisome to thee and thy purse4          
,sidenote3 ,live within thy ,tedder4    
#i  ,good husbands that loueth good     
houses to keepe    are oftentimes       
careful when other doe sleepe3  ,to     
spend as they may1 or to stop at the    
furst1    for running in danger1 or     
feare of the wurst4    ,sidenote3 ,by   
haruest is ment al thy stock4    #aj    
,go count with thy cofers1#b when       
haruest is in1    which waie for thy    
profite1 to saue or to win3  ,of tone of
 them both1 if a sauer wee smel1,e#bi   

house keeping is godlie where euer we   
dwel4    ,sidenote3 ,be thine own purs  
bearer4    #aa  ,sonne1 think not thy   
monie purse bottom to burn1    but keepe
 it for profite1 to serue thine owne    
turn3  ,a foole and his monie be soone  
at debate1    which after with sorrow   
repents him too late4,e#cj    #ab  ,good
 bargaine a dooing1 make priuie but few1
    in selling1 refraine not abrode it  
to shew3  ,in making make haste1 and    
awaie to thy pouch1    in selling no    
haste1 if ye dare it auouch4,e#ca       
,sidenote3 ,euill landlord4    #ac      
,good ,landlord who findeth1 is blessed 
of ,god1    ,a cumbersome ,landlord is  
husbandmans rod3  ,he noieth1           
destroieth1 and al to this drift1    to 
strip his poore tenant of ferme and of  
thrift4    ,sidenote3 ,rent corne4      
#adc  ,rent corn,e#cb who so paieth1 7as
 worldlings wold haue1    so much for an
 aker7 must liue as a slaue3  ,rent     
corne to be paid1 for a reasnable rent1 
at reasnable prises is not to lament4   

,sidenote3 ,foure beggers4    #ae  ,once
 placed for profit1 looke neuer for     
ease1    except ye beware of such       
michers,e#cc as thease3  ,unthriftines1 
,slouthfulnes1 ,careles and ,rash1      
that thrusteth thee headlong to run in  
the lash4    ,sidenote3 ,thrifts        
officers4    #af  ,make monie thy       
drudge1 for to follow thy warke1        
,make wisedome controler1 good order thy
 clarke3  ,prouision ,cater1 and skil to
 be cooke1    make steward of all1 pen1 
inke1 and thy booke4    ,sidenote3      
,thrifts phisicke4    #ag  ,make hunger 
thy sauce1,e#cd as a medcine for helth1 
make thirst to be butler1 as physick for
 welth3  ,make eie to be vsher1 good    
vsage to haue1    make bolt to be       
porter1 to keepe out a knaue4           
,sidenote3 ,thrifts bailie4    #ah      
,make husbandrie bailie1 abrode to      
prouide1    make huswiferie dailie at   
home for to guide3  ,make cofer fast    
locked1 thy treasure to keepe1    make  
house to be sure1 the safer to sleepe4  

,sidenote3 ,husbandly armors4    #ai    
,make bandog,e#ce thy scoutwatch1 to    
barke at a theefe1    make courage for  
life to be capitaine cheefe3  ,make     
trapdore thy bulwarke1 make bell to be  
gin1#d    make gunstone and arrow shew  
who is within4    ,sidenote3 ,theves to 
thrift4    #bj  ,the credite of maister1
 to brothell his man1    and also of    
mistresse1 to minnekin ,nan1  ,be       
causers of opening a number of gaps1    
,that letteth in mischiefe and many     
mishaps4,e#cf    ,sidenote3 ,friends to 
thrift4    #ba  ,good husband he        
trudgeth1 to bring in the gaines1       
good huswife she drudgeth1 refusing no  
paines3  ,though husband at home be to  
count#e ye wote what1,e#cg    yet       
huswife within is as needfull as that4  
,sidenote3 ,enimie to thrift4    #bb    
,what helpeth in store to haue neuer so 
much1    halfe lost by ill vsage1 ill   
huswiues1 and such3  ,so1 twentie lode  
bushes1 cut downe at a clap1    such    
heede may be taken1 shall stop but a    

gap4,e#ch    ,sidenote3 ,sixe noiances  
to thrift4    #bc  ,a retcheles#f       
seruant1 a mistres that scowles1    a   
rauening mastife1 and hogs that eate    
fowles3  ,a giddie braine maister1 and  
stroyal his knaue1    brings ruling to  
ruine1 and thrift to hir graue4         
,sidenote3 ,inough is a praise4    #bd  
,with some vpon ,sundaies1 their tables 
doe reeke1    and halfe the weeke after1
 their dinners to seeke3,e#ci  ,not     
often exceeding1 but alwaie inough1     
is husbandlie fare1 and the guise of the
 plough4    #be  ,ech daie to be        
feasted1 what husbandrie wurse1    ech  
daie for to feast1 is as ill for the    
purse3  ,yet measurely feasting with    
neighbors among1    shal make thee      
beloued1 and liue the more long4        
,sidenote3 ,thrifts aduises4    #bf     
,things husbandly handsom let workman   
contriue1    but build not for glorie1  
that thinkest to thriue3  ,who fondlie  
in dooing consumeth his stock1    in the
 end for his follie doth get but a mock4

    ,sidenote3 ,spoilers to thrift4     
#bg  ,spend none but your owne1         
howsoeuer ye spend1    for bribing#g and
 shifting1 haue seldom good end3  ,in   
substance although ye haue neuer so     
much1   delight not in parasites1       
harlots1 and such4#h    #bh  ,be suretie
 seldome1 7but neuer for much7    for   
feare of purse penniles hanging by such3
  ,or ,skarborow warning1,e#dj as ill ,i
 beleeue1    when 7sir ,i arest         
yee,e#da7 gets hold of thy sleeue4      
#bi  ,use 7legem pone,e#db7 to paie at  
thy daie1    but vse not 7,oremus,e#dc7 
for often delaie3  ,yet 7,prsta         
qusumus,e#dd7 out of a grate1    ,of al 
other collects1,e#de the lender doth    
hate4    #cji  ,be pinched by lending1  
for kiffe nor for kin1    nor also by   
spending1 by such as come in2  ,nor put 
to thy hand betwixt bark and the tree1  
least through thy owne follie so pinched
 thou bee4,e#df    #ca  ,as lending to  
neighbour1 in time of his neede1        
winnes love of thy neighbour1 and credit

 doth breede1  ,so neuer to craue1 but  
to liue of thine owne1    brings        
comforts a thousand1 to many vnknowne4  
#cb  ,who liuing but lends8 and be lent 
to they must2    else buieng and selling
 might lie in the dust2  ,but shameles  
and craftie1 that desperate are1    make
 many ful honest the woorser to         
fare4,e#dg    #cc  ,at some time to     
borow1 account it no shame1    if       
iustlie thou keepest thy touch for the  
same3  ,who quick be to borow1 and slow 
be to paie1    their credit is naught1  
go they neuer so gaie4    #cdaj  ,by    
shifting and borrowing1 who so as liues1
    not well to be thought on1 occasion 
giues3  ,then lay to liue warily1 and   
wisely to spend1    for prodigall liuers
 haue seldom good end4    #ceaa  ,some  
spareth too late1 and a number with him1
    the foole at the bottom1 the wise at
 the brim3,e#dh  ,who careth nor        
spareth1 till spent he hath all1    ,of 
bobbing1 not robbing1 be fearefull he   
shall4    #cf  ,where welthines floweth1

 no friendship can lack1    whom        
pouertie pincheth1 hath friendship as   
slack3  ,then happie is he by example   
that can    take heede by the fall of a 
mischieued man4,e#di    #cg  ,who       
breaketh his credit1 or cracketh it     
twise1    trust such with a suretie1 if 
ye be wise3  ,or if he be angrie1 for   
asking thy due1    once euen1 to him    
afterward1 lend not anue4    #ch        
,account it wel sold that is iustlie    
well paid1    and count it wel bought   
that is neuer denaid3  ,but yet here is 
tone1 here is tother doth best1    for  
buier and seller1 for quiet and rest4   
#ci  ,leaue ,princes affaires           
undeskanted on1    and tend to such     
dooings as stands thee vpon3,e#ej       
,feare ,god1 and offend not the ,prince 
nor his lawes1    and keepe thyselfe out
 of the ,magistrates clawes4#ab    #dj  
,as interest or vsurie plaieth the      
dreuil1    so hilback and filbellie     
biteth as euil3  ,put dicing among them1
 and docking the dell3    and by and by 

after1 of beggerie smell4#ac            
,sidenote3 ,thrifts ,auditor4    #da    
,once weekelie remember thy charges to  
cast1    once monthlie see how thy      
expences may last3  ,if quarter         
declareth too much to be spent1    for  
feare of ill yeere take aduise of thy   
rent4    #db  ,who orderlie entreth his 
paiment in booke1    may orderlie find  
them againe 7if he looke47  ,and he that
 intendeth but once for to paie3        
shall find this in dooing the quietest  
waie4    #dc  ,in dealing vprightlie    
this counsel ,i teach1    first recken1 
then write1 er#ad to purse yee doe      
reach1  ,then paie and dispatch him1 as 
soone as ye can3    for lingring is     
hinderance to many a man4    #dd  ,haue 
waights1 ,i aduise thee1 for siluer     
gold1    for some be in knauerie now a  
daies bold3  ,and for to be sure good   
monie to pay3    receiue that is        
currant1 as neere as ye may4    #de     
,delight not for pleasure two houses to 
keepe1    least charge without measure  

vpon thee doe creepe4  ,and ,jankin and 
,jenikin,e#ea coosen thee so    to make 
thee repent it1 er yeere about go4      
#df  ,the stone that is rouling can     
gather#ae no mosse1,e#eb    who often   
remooueth is sure of losse4  ,the rich  
it compelleth to paie for his pride2    
the poore it vndooeth on euerie side4   
#dg  ,the eie of the maister enricheth  
the hutch1    the eie of the mistresse  
auaileth as mutch4  ,which eie1 if it   
gouerne1 with reason and skil1    hath  
seruant and seruice1 at pleasure and    
wil4    #dh  ,who seeketh reuengement of
 euerie wrong1    in quiet nor safetie  
continueth long4  ,so he that of        
wilfulnes trieth the law1    shall      
striue for a coxcome1 and thriue as a   
daw4,e#ec    #di  ,to hunters and       
haukers1 take heede what ye saie1       
milde answere with curtesie driues them 
awaie3  ,so1 where a mans better wil    
open a gap1    resist not with rudenes1 
for feare of mishap4,e#ed    #ej  ,a man
 in this world for a churle that is     

knowne1    shall hardlie in quiet keepe 
that is his owne3  ,where lowlie and    
such as of curtesie smels1    finds     
fauor and friendship where euer he      
dwels4    #ea  ,keepe truelie thy       
,saboth1 the better to speed1    ,keepe 
seruant from gadding1 but when it is    
need4  ,keepe fishdaie and fasting daie1
 as they doe fal3,e#ee    what custome  
thou keepest1 let others keepe al4      
#ebaf  ,though some in their tithing be 
slack or too bold1    be thou vnto      
,godward not that waie too cold3  ,euill
 conscience grudgeth1 and yet we doe see
    ill tithers ill thriuers most       
commonlie bee4    #ec  ,paie weekelie   
thy workman1 his houshold to feed1      
paie quarterlie seruants1 to buie as    
they need3  ,giue garment to such as    
deserue and no mo1    least thou and thy
 wife without garment doe go4    #ed    
,beware raskabilia1 slothfull to wurke1 
purloiners and filchers1 that loueth to 
lurke4  ,away with such lubbers1 so loth
 to take paine1    that roules in       

expences1 but neuer no gaine4    #ee    
,good wife1 and good children1 are      
worthie to eate1    good seruant1 good  
laborer1 earneth their meate3  ,good    
friend1 and good neighbor1 that         
fellowlie gest1    with hartilie        
welcome1 should haue of the best4    #ef
  ,depart not with al that thou hast to 
thy childe1    much lesse vnto other1   
for being beguilde3  ,least1 if thou    
wouldst gladlie possesse it agen1       
looke for to come by it thou wottest not
 when4    #eg  ,the greatest preferment 
that childe we can giue1    is learning 
and nurture1 to traine him to liue3     
,which who so it wanteth1 though left as
 a squier1    consumeth to nothing1 as  
block in the fier4    #eh  ,when ,god   
hath so blest thee1 as able to liue1    
and thou hast to rest thee1 and able to 
giue1  ,lament thy offences1 serue ,god 
for amends1    make soule to be readie  
when ,god for it sends4    #ei  ,send   
fruites of thy faith to heauen          
aforehand1    for mercie here dooing1   

,god blesseth thy land3  ,he maketh thy 
store with his blessing to swim1    and 
after1 thy soule to be blessed with him4
    #fj  ,some lay to get riches by sea 
and by land1    and ventreth his life in
 his enimies hand3  ,and setteth his    
soule vpon sixe or on seauen1,e#ef      
not fearing nor caring for hell nor for 
heauen4    #fa  ,some pincheth1 and     
spareth1 and pineth his life1    to     
cofer vp bags for to leaue to his wife3 
,and she 7when he dieth7 sets open the  
chest1    for such as can sooth hir and 
all away wrest4    #fb  ,good husband1  
preuenting the frailnes of some1        
takes part of ,gods benefits1 as they   
doo come1  ,and leaueth to wife and his 
children the rest1    each one his owne 
part1 as he thinketh it best4    #fc    
,these lessons approoued1 if wiselie ye 
note1    may saue and auantage ye many a
 grote4  ,which if ye can follow1       
occasion found1    then euerie lesson   
may saue ye a pound4    #a ,stanzas #b1 
#c1 and #d are wanting in #aegc and     

#aegg4    #b coefers4 #aegg4    #c ,st4 
#ad is not in ed4 of #aegg4    #d be    
ginne4 #aegg4    #e compt4 #aegg4    #f 
reachelesse4 #aegg4    #g bringing4     
#aegg4    #h ,in lieu of last two lines1
 the edition of #aegg reads3    ,tithe  
duely and truely with harty good will1  
that god and his blessing may dwell with
 thee still4    #i ,stanzas #cj and #ca 
are wanting in #aegc and #aegg4    #aj  
,stanza #cd is not in #aegg4    #aa     
,stanzas #ce and #cf are not in #aegg4  
#ab ,in lieu of last two lines1 the     
edition of #aegg reads--    ,in         
substance1 although ye have never so    
much1  delight not in parasites1        
harlots1 and such4    #ac and smell of a
 begger where ever ye dwell4 #aegg4     
#ad or4 #aegg4    #ae gether4 #aegg4    
#af ,st4 #eb is not in #aegg2 sts4 #ef1 
#eh1 #ei not in #aegc 7,m472 #ef1 #eh1  
#ei1 #fj1 #fa1 #fb not in #aegg4        
#aa4     ,an habitation inforced better 
late than neuer1 vpon these words ,sit  
downe ,robin and rest thee4,e#eg        

,chap4 #aa4      ,my friend1 if cause   
doth wrest thee1  ,ere follie hath much 
opprest thee3  ,farre from acquaintance 
kest thee1  ,where countrie may digest  
thee1  ,let wood and water request thee1
  ,in good corne soile to nest thee1    
,where pasture and meade may brest thee1
  ,and healthsom aire inuest thee4      
,though enuie shall detest thee1  ,let  
that no whit molest thee1  ,thanke ,god1
 that so hath blest thee1  ,and sit     
downe ,robin  rest thee4    99 99 99    
,the title in the edition of #aegg      
reads3  ,an habitation enforced         
aduisedly to be followed better late    
than  never1 c4          #ab4    ,not in
 #aegg4     ,the fermers dailie diet4   
,chap4 #ab4      #a  ,a plot set downe1 
for fermers quiet1    as time requires1 
to frame his diet3  ,with sometime fish1
 and sometime fast1    that houshold    
store may longer last4,e#eh             
,sidenote3 ,lent4    #b  ,let ,lent well
 kept offend not thee1    for ,march and
 ,aprill breeders bee3  ,spend herring  

first1 saue saltfish last1    for       
saltfish is good1 when ,lent is past4   
,sidenote3 ,easter4    #c  ,when ,easter
 comes1 who knowes not than1    that    
,veale and ,bakon is the man3,e#ei  ,and
 ,martilmas beefe#a;,e#fj doth beare    
good tack1    when countrie folke doe   
dainties lack4    ,sidenote3 ,midsommer4
    ,sidenote3 ,mihelmas4    #d  ,when  
,mackrell ceaseth from the seas1        
,john ,baptist brings grassebeefe and   
pease4  ,fresh herring plentie1 ,mihell 
brings1    with fatted ,crones1#b and   
such old things4,e#fa    ,sidenote3     
,hallomas4    ,sidenote3 ,christmas4    
#e  ,all ,saints doe laie for porke and 
souse1    for sprats and spurlings for  
their house4,e#fb  ,at ,christmas play  
and make good cheere1    for ,christmas 
comes but once a yeere4    ,sidenote3 ,a
 caueat4    ,sidenote3 ,fasting4    #f  
,though some then doe1 as doe they      
would1    let thriftie doe1 as doe they 
should4  ,for causes good1 so many      
waies1    keepe ,embrings,e#fc wel1 and 

fasting daies3    ,sidenote3 ,fish      
daies4    ,sidenote3 ,a thing needful4  
#g  ,what lawe commands1 we ought to    
obay1    for ,friday1 ,saturne1 and     
,wednesday4,e#fd  ,the land doth will1  
the sea doth wish1    spare sometime    
flesh1 and feede of fish4    ,sidenote3 
,the last remedie4    ,where fish is    
scant1 and fruit of trees1  ,supplie    
that want with butter and cheese4       
,t4 ,tusser4    #a ,dry'd in the        
,chimney as ,bacon1 and is so called    
because it was  usual to kill the ,beef 
for this ,provision about the ,feast of 
,st4  ,martin1 ,nov4 #aath4--,t4,r47    
,tusser ,redivivus1 here and elsewhere7 
#b ,a ,crone is a ,ewe1 whose teeth are 
so worne down that she can no  longer   
keep her sheep-walk4--,t4,r4            
#ac4    ,not in #aegg4    ,a description
 of the properties of windes all the    
times of the yeere4    ,chap4 #ac4      
,sidenote3 ,in winter4    #a  ,north    
winds send haile1 ,south winds bring    
raine1  ,east winds we bewail1 ,west    

winds blow amaine3  ,north east is too  
cold1 ,south east not too warme1  ,north
 west is too bold1 ,south west doth no  
harme4    ,sidenote3 ,at the spring4    
,sidenote3 ,sommer4    #b  ,the north is
 a noyer to grasse of all suites1  ,the 
east a destroyer to herbe and all       
fruites3  ,the south with his showers   
refresheth the corne1  ,the west to all 
flowers may not be forborne4            
,sidenote3 ,autumne4    #c  ,the ,west1 
as a father1 all goodnes doth bring1    
,the ,east1 a forbearer1 no manner of   
thing3  ,the ,south1 as vnkind1 draweth 
sicknesse too neere1  ,the ,north1 as a 
friend1 maketh all againe cleere4       
,sidenote3 ,god is the gouerner of winde
 and weather4    #d  ,with temperate    
winde we be blessed of ,god1  ,with     
tempest we finde we are beat with his   
rod3  ,all power we knowe to remaine in 
his hand1  ,how euer winde blowe1 by sea
 or by land4    #e  ,though windes doe  
rage1 as windes were wood1  ,and cause  
spring tydes to raise great flood1  ,and

 loftie ships leaue anker in mud1,e#fe  
,bereafing many of life and of blud2    
,yet true it is1 as cow chawes cud1     
,and trees at spring doe yeeld forth    
bud1  ,except winde stands as neuer it  
stood1  ,it is an ill winde turnes none 
to good4,e#ff          #ad4    ,not in  
#aegg4     ,of the ,planets4    ,chap4  
#ad4      #a  ,as huswiues are teached1 
in stead of a clock1    how winter      
nights passeth1 by crowing of cock2  ,so
 here by the ,planets1 as far as ,i     
dare1    some lessons ,i leaue for the  
husbandmans share4    ,sidenote3 ,of the
 rising and going down of the sun4    #b
  ,if day star appeareth1 day comfort is
 ny1    ,if sunne be at south1 it is    
noone by and by3  ,if sunne be at       
westward1 it setteth anon1    ,if sunne 
be at setting1 the day is soone gon4    
,sidenote3 ,of the ,moone changing4     
#c  ,moone changed1 keepes closet three 
daies as a ,queene1    er she in hir    
prime will of any be seene3  ,if great  
she appereth1 it showreth out1    ,if   

small she appereth1 it signifieth       
drout4,e#fg  ,at change or at full1 come
 it late or else soone1    maine sea is 
at highest1 at midnight and noone3  ,but
 yet in the creekes it is later high    
flood1    through farnesse of running1  
by reason as good4    ,sidenote3 ,of    
flowing and ebbing to such as be verie  
sick4    #d  ,tyde flowing is feared1   
for many a thing1    great danger to    
such as be sick it doth bring3  ,sea eb 
by long ebbing some respit doth giue1   
and sendeth good comfort to such as shal
 liue4,e#fh          #ae4               
,septembers ,abstract4    ,chap4 #ae4   
#aa  ,now enter ,john1  old fermer is   
gon4    #b  ,what champion vseth1  that 
woodland refuseth4    #c  ,good ferme   
now take1  kepe still1 or forsake4    #d
  ,what helpes to reuiue  the thriuing  
to thriue4    #e  ,plough1 fence1  store
  aught else before4    #f  ,by tits and
 such  few gaineth much4    #g  ,horse  
strong and light  soone charges quite4#b
  ,light head and purse1  what lightnes 

wurse4    #h  ,who goeth#c a borrowing1 
goeth a sorrowing4,e#fi  ,few lends 7but
 fooles7  their working tooles4#d    #i 
,grene rie haue some1  er ,mihelmas     
come4    #aj  ,grant soile hir lust1    
sowe rie in the dust4    #aa  ,cleane   
rie that sowes1  the better crop mowes4 
#ab  ,mix rie aright1  with wheat that  
is whight4    #ac  ,se corne sowen in1  
too thick nor too thin4  ,for want of   
sede1  land yeldeth wede4    #ad  ,with 
sling or bowe1  kepe corne from ,crowe4 
#ae  ,trench hedge and forrow1  that    
water may thorow4  ,depe dike saues     
much1  from drouers and such4    #af    
,amend marsh wall1  ,crab holes and all4
    #ag  ,geld bulles and rams1  sewe   
ponds1 amend dams4  ,sell webster thy   
wull1  fruite gather1 grapes pull4  ,for
 fear of drabs1  go gather thy crabs4   
#ah  ,plucke fruite to last1  when      
,mihell#e is past4    #ai  ,forget it   
not1  fruit brused will rot4  ,light    
ladder and long  doth tre least wrong4  
,go gather with skill1  and gather that 

will4    #bj  ,driue hiue1 good conie1  
for waxe and for honie4  ,no driuing of 
hiue1  till yeres past#f fiue4    #ba   
,good dwelling giue be1  or hence goes#g
 she4    #bb  ,put bore in stie1  for   
,hallontide nie4    #bc  ,with bore     
7good ,cisse7  let naught be amisse4    
#bd  ,karle hempe1 left grene1  now     
pluck vp clene4  ,drowne hemp as ye ned1
  once had out his sed4  ,i pray thee   
7good ,kit7  drowne hempe in pit4    #be
  ,of al the rest1  white hempe is best4
  ,let skilfull be gotten  least hempe  
prooue rotten4    #bf  ,set strawberies1
 wife1  ,i loue them for life4    #bg   
,plant ,respe and rose1  and such as    
those4    #bh  ,goe gather vp mast1     
er#h time be past4  ,mast fats vp swine1
  ,mast kils vp kine4    #bi  ,let hogs 
be roong1  both old and yoong4    #cj   
,no mast vpon oke1  no longer#i vnyoke4 
,if hog doe crie1  giue eare and eie4   
#ca  ,hogs haunting corne  may not be   
borne4    #cb  ,good neighbour thow     
good custome alow1  ,no scaring with    

dog1  whilst mast is for hog4    #cc    
,get home with the brake1  to brue with 
and bake1  ,to couer the shed  drie ouer
 the hed1  ,to lie vnder cow1  to rot   
vnder mow1#aj  ,to serue to burne1  for 
many a turne4    #cd  ,to sawpit drawe  
boord log1 to sawe4  ,let timber be     
haile1  least profit doe quaile4  ,such 
boord and pale  is readie sale4    #ce  
,sawne slab let lie1  for stable and    
stie1  sawe dust spred thick1  makes    
alley trick4    #cf  ,kepe safe thy     
fence1  scare breakhedge thence4  ,a    
drab and a knaue  will prowle to haue4  
#cg  ,marke winde and moone1  at        
midnight and noone4  ,some rigs thy     
plow1  some milks thy cow4    #ch  ,red 
cur or black1  few prowlers lack4    #ci
  ,some steale1 some pilch1  some all   
away filch1  ,mark losses with grefe1   
through prowling thefe4    ,thus endeth 
,septembers abstract1 agreing with      
,septembers  husbandrie4#aa       ,other
 short remembrances4#ab    #dj  ,now    
friend1 as ye wish1  goe seuer thy fish3

  ,when friend shall come1  to be sure  
of some4    #da  ,thy ponds renew1  put 
eles in stew1  ,to leue#ac till ,lent1  
and then to be spent4    #db  ,set      
priuie or prim1  set boxe like him4     
,set ,giloflowers#ad all1  that growes  
on the wall4    #dc  ,set herbes some   
more1  for winter store4  ,sowe sedes   
for pot1  for flowers sowe not4    ,here
 ends ,septembers short remembrances4#ae
    #a ,stanzas #a and #b not in #aegg4 
#b quight4 #aegg4    #c goes4 #aegg4    
#d ,after st4 #h1 in #aegg1 follow sts4 
#cf1 #cg1 of ,august's ,abstract4  ,many
 stanzas of ,sept4 ,abst41 #aegg1 occur 
as ,aug4 ,works after harvest in  #aehj4
    #e ,migchel4 #aegg4    #f nere4     
#aegg4    #g goeth4 #aegg4    #h nere4  
#aegg4    #i lenger4 #aegg4    #aj      
,to lie under mow1  to rot under kow4   
#aegg4    #aa ,this and similar notes   
under other months do not occur in      
#aegg4    #ab ,this and similar notes   
under other months do not occur in      
#aegg4    #ac liue4 #aegg4    #ad       

,gelliflowers4 #aegg4    #ae ,this and  
similar notes under other months do not 
occur in #aegg4          #af4           
,septembers husbandrie4    ,chap4 #ae4  
,september blowe soft1  ,till fruite be 
in loft4    ,forgotten1 month past1     
,doe now at the last4#a    #ab  ,at     
,mihelmas lightly new fermer comes in1  
new husbandrie forceth him new to begin3
  ,old fermer1 still taking the time to 
him giuen1    makes ,august to last     
vntill ,mihelmas euen4,e#gj    #b  ,new 
fermer may enter 7as champions say7     
on all that is fallow1 at ,lent ladie   
day3  ,in woodland1 old fermer to that  
will not yeeld1    for loosing of       
pasture1 and feede of his feeld4,e#ga   
,sidenote3 ,ferme take or giue over4    
#c  ,prouide against ,mihelmas1#c       
bargaine to make1    for ferme to giue  
ouer1 to keepe or to take3  ,in dooing  
of either1 let wit beare a stroke1      
for buieng or selling of pig in a       
poke4,e#gb    ,sidenote3 ,twelue good   
properties4    #d  ,good ferme and well 

stored1 good housing and drie1    good  
corne and good dairie1 good market and  
nie3  ,good shepheard1 good tilman1 good
 ,jack and good ,gil1    makes husband  
and huswife their cofers#d to fil4      
,sidenote3 ,haue euer a good fence4     
#e  ,let pasture be stored1 and fenced  
about1    and tillage set forward1 as   
needeth without3  ,before ye doe open   
your purse to begin1    with anything   
dooing for fancie within4    ,sidenote3 
,best cattle most profit4    #f  ,no    
storing of pasture with baggedglie tit1 
with ragged1#e with aged1 and euil      
athit3#f  ,let carren and barren be     
shifted awaie1    for best is the best1 
whatsoeuer ye paie4    ,sidenote3       
,strong and light4    #g  ,horse1 ,oxen1
 plough1 tumbrel1 cart1 waggon1  waine1 
the lighter and stronger1 the greater   
thy gaine4  ,the soile and the seede1   
with the sheafe and the purse1    the   
lighter in substance1 for profite the   
wurse4    ,sidenote3 ,hate borowing4    
#h  ,to borow to daie and to-morrow to  

mis1    for lender and borower1 noiance 
it is3  ,then haue of thine owne1       
without lending vnspilt1    what        
followeth needfull1 here learne if thou 
wilt4#g    99 99 99 ,the stanzas of ,no4
 #af are continued after the following  
,digression4          #ag4    ,a        
digression to husbandlie furniture4     
,sidenote3 ,barne furniture4    #a      
,barne locked1 gofe ladder1 short       
pitchforke and long1    flaile1         
strawforke and rake1 with a fan that is 
strong3  ,wing1 cartnaue and bushel1    
peck1 strike readie hand1    get casting
 sholue1,e#gc broome1 and a sack with a 
band4    ,sidenote3 ,stable furniture4  
#b  ,a stable wel planked1 with key and 
a lock1    walles stronglie wel lyned1#h
 to beare off a knock3  ,a rack and a   
manger1 good litter and haie1    swete  
chaffe and some prouender euerie daie4  
#c  ,a pitchfork1 a doongfork1 seeue1   
skep,e#gd and a bin1    a broome and a  
paile to put water therein3  ,a         
handbarow1 wheelebarow1 sholue and a    

spade1    a currie combe1 mainecombe1   
and whip for a ,jade4    #d  ,a         
buttrice#i and pincers1 a hammer and    
naile1    an aperne,e#ge and siszers for
 head and for taile3  ,hole bridle and  
saddle1 whit lether,e#gf and nall1      
with collers and harneis1 for thiller   
and all4    #e  ,a panel and wantey1    
packsaddle and ped1,e#gg    ,a line to  
fetch litter1 and halters for hed4      
,with crotchis and pinnes1 to hang      
trinkets theron1    and stable fast     
chained1 that nothing be gon4           
,sidenote3 ,cart furniture4    #f       
,strong exeltred cart1 that is          
clouted#aj and shod1#aa;,e#gh    cart   
ladder and wimble1 with percer and pod3 
,wheele ladder for haruest1 light       
pitchfork and tough1    shaue1          
whiplash#ab wel knotted1 and cartrope   
ynough4    ,sidenote3 ,a ,coeme is halfe
 a quarter4    #g  ,ten sacks1 whereof  
euerie one holdeth a coome1,e#gi    a   
pulling hooke,e#hj handsome1 for bushes 
and broome3  ,light tumbrel and doong   

crone1 for easing sir wag1    sholue1   
pickax1 and mattock1 with bottle and    
bag4    ,sidenote3 ,husbandry tooles4   
#h  ,a grinstone1 a whetstone1 a hatchet
 and bil1    with hamer and english     
naile1 sorted with skil3  ,a frower of  
iron1 for cleaning of lath1    with     
roule for a sawpit1 good husbandrie     
hath4    #i  ,a short saw and long saw1 
to cut a too logs1    an ax and a       
nads1,e#ha to make troffe for thy hogs3 
,a ,douercourt beetle1,e#hb and wedges  
with steele1    strong leuer to raise vp
 the block fro the wheele4    ,sidenote3
 ,plough furniture4    #aj  ,two ploughs
 and a plough chein1 ij culters1 iij    
shares1    with ground cloutes  side    
clouts for soile that so tares3  ,with  
ox bowes and oxyokes1 and other things  
mo1    for oxteeme and horseteeme1 in   
plough for to go4,e#hc    #aa  ,a plough
 beetle1 ploughstaff1,e#hd to further   
the plough1    great clod to a sunder   
that breaketh so rough2  ,a sled for a  
plough1 and another for blocks1    for  

chimney in winter1 to burne vp their    
docks4    #ab  ,sedge collers#ac for    
ploughhorse1 for lightnes of neck1      
good seede and good sower1 and also     
seede peck3  ,strong oxen and horses1   
wel shod and wel clad1    wel meated and
 vsed1 for making thee sad4    #ac  ,a  
barlie rake toothed1 with yron and      
steele1    like paier of harrowes1 and  
roler doth weele3  ,a sling for a       
moether1,e#he a bowe for a boy4    a    
whip for a carter1 is hoigh de la       
roy4,e#hf    #ad  ,a brush sithe and    
grasse sithe1 with rifle to stand1    a 
cradle,e#hg for barlie1 with rubstone   
and sand3  ,sharpe sikle and weeding    
hooke1 haie fork and rake1    a meake   
for the pease1 and to swinge vp the     
brake4    ,sidenote3 ,haruest tooles4   
#aead  ,short rakes for to gather vp    
barlie to binde1    and greater to rake 
vp such leauings behinde3  ,a rake for  
to hale vp the fitchis that lie1    a   
pike for to pike them vp handsom to     
drie4    #afae  ,a skuttle or skreine1  

to rid soile fro the corne1    and      
sharing sheares readie for sheepe to be 
shorne3  ,a fork and a hooke1 to be     
tampring in claie1#af    a lath hammer1 
trowel1 a hod1 or a traie4    #ag       
,strong yoke for a hog1 with a twicher  
and rings1    with tar in a tarpot1,e#hh
 for dangerous things3#ag  ,a sheepe    
marke1 a tar kettle1 little or mitch1   
two pottles of tar to a pottle of pitch4
    #ah  ,long ladder to hang al along  
by the wal1    to reach for a neede to  
the top of thy hal3  ,beame1 scales1    
with the weights1 that be sealed and    
true1,e#hi    sharp moulspare with      
barbs1 that the mowles do so rue4       
#aiah  ,sharpe cutting spade1 for the   
deuiding of mow1    with skuppat and    
skauel1 that marsh men alow3  ,a sickle 
to cut with1 a didall and crome    for  
draining of ditches1 that noies thee at 
home4    #bjai  ,a clauestock and       
rabetstock1 carpenters craue1    and    
seasoned timber1 for pinwood to haue3   
,a ,jack for to saw vpon fewell for     

fier1    for sparing of firewood1 and   
sticks fro the mier4    #ba  ,soles1    
fetters1 and shackles1 with horselock   
and pad1    a cow house for winter1 so  
meete to be had3  ,a stie for a bore1   
and a hogscote for hog1    a roost for  
thy hennes1 and a couch for thy dog4    
,here endeth husbandlie furniture4    99
 99 99 ,in the edition of #aegg stanzas 
#ca-df of ,augusts ,husbandrie  7post7  
are found here4          #af contd4     
,sidenote3 ,sowing of rie4    #i        
,thresh seed and to fanning1 ,september 
doth crie1    get plough to the field1  
and be sowing of rie3  ,to harrow the   
rydgis1 er euer ye strike1,e#ij    is   
one peece#bj of husbandrie ,suffolk doth
 like4    #aj  ,sowe timely thy         
whitewheat1 sowe rie in the dust1    let
 seede haue his longing1 let soile haue 
hir lust3  ,let rie be partaker of      
,mihelmas spring1    to beare out the   
hardnes that winter doth bring4         
,sidenote3 ,myslen4    #aaba  ,some     
mixeth to miller the rie with the wheat1

    ,temmes lofe on his table to haue   
for to eate3  ,but sowe it not mixed1 to
 growe so on land1    least rie tarie   
wheat1 till it shed as it stand4    #ab 
,if soile doe desire to haue rie with   
the wheat1    by growing togither1 for  
safetie more great1  ,let white wheat be
 ton1 be it deere1 be it cheape1    the 
sooner to ripe1 for the sickle to reape4
    ,sidenote3 ,sowing4    #ac  ,though 
beanes be in sowing but scattered in1   
yet wheat1 rie1 and peason1 ,i loue not 
too thin3  ,sowe barlie and dredge1,e#ia
 with a plentifull hand1    least weede1
 steed of seede1 ouer groweth thy land4 
,sidenote3 ,keping of crowes4    #adbb  
,no sooner a sowing1 but out by and by1 
with mother#bc or boy that ,alarum can  
cry3  ,and let them be armed with sling 
or with bowe1    to skare away piggen1  
the rooke and the crowe4,e#ib           
,sidenote3 ,water furrough4    #ae      
,seed sowen1 draw a forrough1 the water 
to draine1    and dike vp such ends as  
in harmes#bd doe remaine3  ,for driuing 

of cattell or rouing that waie1    which
 being preuented1 ye hinder their praie4
    ,sidenote3 ,amend marsh walles4     
#af  ,saint ,mihel#be doth bid thee     
amend the marsh wal1,e#ic    the brecke 
and the crab hole1 the foreland and al3 
,one noble in season bestowed theron1   
may saue thee a hundred er winter be    
gon4    ,sidenote3 ,gelding of rams4    
#ag  ,now geld with the gelder the ram  
and the bul1    sew ponds1 amend dammes1
 and sel webster thy wul3  ,out fruit go
 and gather1 but not in the deaw1       
with crab and the wal nut1 for feare of 
a shreaw4    ,sidenote3 ,gathering of   
fruit4    #ah  ,the ,moone in the wane1 
gather fruit for to last1    but winter 
fruit gather when ,mihel is past3       
,though michers that loue not to buy nor
 to craue1    makes some gather sooner1 
else few for to haue4    ,sidenote3 ,too
 early gathering is not best4    #ai    
,fruit gathred too timely wil taste of  
the wood1    wil shrink#bf and be       
bitter1 and seldome prooue good3  ,so   

fruit that is shaken1 or beat off a     
tree1    with brusing in falling1 soone 
faultie wil bee4    ,sidenote3 ,driuing 
of hiues4    #bj  ,now burne vp the bees
 that ye mind for to driue1    at       
,midsomer driue them and saue them      
aliue3  ,place hiue in good ayer1 set   
southly and warme1    and take in due   
season wax1 honie1 and swarme4          
,sidenote3 ,preseruing of bes4    #ba   
,set hiue on a plank1 7not too low by   
the ground7    where herbe with the     
flowers may compas it round3  ,and      
boordes to defend it from north and     
north east1    from showers and rubbish1
 from vermin and beast4    ,sidenote3   
,stie up the bore4    #bb  ,at ,mihelmas
 safely go stie vp thy ,bore1    least  
straying abrode1 ye doo see him no more3
  ,the sooner the better for ,halontide 
nie1    and better he brawneth if hard  
he doo lie4,e#id    #bc  ,shift bore    
7for il aire7 as best ye do thinke1     
and twise a day giue him fresh vittle   
and drinke3  ,and diligent ,cislye1 my  

dayrie good wench1    make cleanly his  
cabben1 for measling,e#ie and stench4   
,sidenote3 ,gathering of winter hempe4  
#bd  ,now pluck vp thy hempe1 and go    
beat out the seed1    and afterward     
water it as ye see need3  ,but not in   
the riuer where cattle should drinke1   
for poisoning them and the people with  
stinke4,e#if    ,sidenote3 ,whitest     
hempe best sold4    #be  ,hempe         
huswifely vsed lookes cleerely and      
bright1    and selleth it selfe by the  
colour so whight3  ,some vseth to water 
it1 some do it not1#bg    be skilful in 
dooing1 for feare it do rot4            
,sidenote3 ,setting of strawberies      
roses1 c4    #bf  ,wife1 into thy       
garden1 and set me a plot1    with      
strawbery rootes1 of the best to be got3
  ,such growing abroade1 among thornes  
in the wood1    wel chosen and picked   
prooue excellent good4    ,sidenote3    
,gooseberies  ,respis4    #bg  ,the     
,barbery1 ,respis1 and ,goosebery too1  
looke now to be planted as other things 

doo3  ,the ,goosebery1 ,respis1 and     
,roses1 al three1    with ,strawberies  
vnder them trimly agree4    ,sidenote3  
,gathering of mast4    #bh  ,to gather  
some mast1 it shal stand thee vpon1     
with seruant and children1 er mast be al
 gon3  ,some left among bushes shal     
pleasure thy swine1    for feare of a   
mischiefe keepe acorns fro kine4,e#ig   
,sidenote3 ,rooting of hogs4    #bi     
,for rooting of pasture ring hog ye had 
neede1    which being wel ringled the   
better do feede3  ,though yong with     
their elders wil lightly keepe best1    
yet spare not to ringle both great and  
the rest4    ,sidenote3 ,yoking of      
swine4    #cj  ,yoke seldom thy swine   
while the shacktime#bh doth last1    for
 diuers misfortunes that happen too     
fast3  ,or if ye do fancie whole eare of
 the hog1    giue eie to il neighbour   
and eare to his dog4    ,sidenote3      
,hunting of hogs4    #ca  ,keepe hog ,i 
aduise thee from medow and corne1    for
 out aloude crying that ere he was      

borne3  ,such lawles1 so haunting1 both 
often and long1    if dog set him       
chaunting he doth thee no wrong4,e#ih   
,sidenote3 ,ringling of hogs4    #cb    
,where loue among neighbors do beare any
 stroke1    whiles shacktime indureth   
men vse not to yoke3  ,yet surely       
ringling is needeful and good1    til   
frost do enuite them to brakes in the   
wood4    ,sidenote3 ,carriage of brakes4
    #ccbi  ,get home with thy brakes1 er
 an sommer be gon1    for teddered      
cattle to sit there vpon3  ,to couer thy
 houel1 to brewe and to bake1    to lie 
in the bottome1 where houel ye make4    
,sidenote3 ,sawe out thy timber4    #cd 
,now sawe out thy timber1 for boord and 
for pale1    to haue it vnshaken1,e#ii  
and ready to sale3  ,bestowe it and     
stick it1#cj and lay it aright1    to   
find it in ,march1 to be ready in       
plight4    ,sidenote3 ,slabs of timber4 
#ce  ,saue slab#ca of thy timber for    
stable and stie1    for horse and for   
hog the more clenly to lie3  ,saue sawe 

dust1 and brick dust1 and ashes so fine1
    for alley to walke in1 with         
neighbour of thine4    ,sidenote3 ,hedge
 breakers4    #cf  ,keepe safely and    
warely thine vttermost fence1    with   
ope gap and breake hedge do seldome     
dispence3  ,such runabout prowlers1 by  
night and by day1    see punished iustly
 for prowling away4    ,sidenote3       
,learne to knowe ,hew prowler4    #cg   
,at noone if it bloweth1 at night if it 
shine1    out trudgeth ,hew make shift1 
with hooke  with line3,e#ajj  ,whiles   
,gillet1 his blouse1 is a milking thy   
cow1    ,sir ,hew is a rigging thy gate 
or the plow4    ,sidenote3 ,black or red
 dogs4    #ch  ,such walke with a black 
or a red little cur1    that open wil   
quickly1 if anything stur2  ,then       
squatteth the master1 or trudgeth away1 
and after dog runneth as fast as he may4
    #ci  ,some prowleth for fewel1 and  
some away rig    fat goose1 and the     
capon1 duck1 hen1 and the pig3  ,some   
prowleth for acornes1 to fat vp their   

swine1    for corne and for apples1 and 
al that is thine4    ,thus endeth       
,septembers husbandrie4#cb    99 99 99  
,many stanzas do not occur or are not in
 the same order in #aegg4    #a ,in     
#aegg these and similar couplets at the 
beginning of each month's  ,husbandrie1 
precede the month's ,abstract instead4  
#b ,sts4 #a and #b not in #aegg4    #c  
,mighelmas4 #aegg4    #d coefers4 #aegg4
    #e rakged4 #aegg4    #f at hyt4     
#aegg4    #g ,or borow with sorow as    
long as thou wilt4 #aegg4    #h liened4 
#aegg4    #i ,to pare horse's hoofs     
with4-,t4,r4    #aj ,clouting is arming 
the ,axle-,tree with ,iron              
plates4--,t4,r4    #aa ,arming the      
,fellowes with ,iron ,strakes1 or a     
,tire as some call  it4--,t4,r4 ,strakes
 are segments of a tire4    #ab ,of a   
tough piece of ,whitleather4--,t4,r4    
#ac ,lightest and coolest1 but indeed   
not so comly as those of                
,wadmus4--,t4,r4    #ad ,st4 #ae not in 
#aegg1 but as follows3--    ,rakes also 

for barley1 long toothed in bed1    and 
greater like toothed for barley so shed4
    and first couplet of st4 #af4    #ae
 ,st4 #af not thus in #aegg2 see note   
above1 and next note4    #af ,in #aegg  
the second couplet of st4 #af makes a   
stanza with the  following3    ,strong  
fetters and shakles1 with horslock and  
pad2    ,strong soles1 and such other   
thinges1 meete to be had4    #ag    ,hog
 yokes1 and a twicher1 and ringes for a 
hog1    with tar in a pot1 for the      
byeting of dog4 #aegg4    #ah ,st4 #ai  
not in #aegg4    #ai ,st4 #bj not in    
#aegg4    #bj ,this point of good       
husbandry1 etc4 #aegg4    #ba ,st4 #aa  
not in #aegg4    #bb ,sts4 #ad and #ae  
not in #aegg1 but nine stanzas which do 
not occur  here4    #bc ,cf4 ante1 ch4  
#ag1 st4 #ac and note ,e#he4    #bd ,cf4
 post1 ch4 #ai1 st4 #f4    #be ,mighel1 
here and in st4 #ah4 #aegg4    #bf ,if  
,fruit stand too long it will be mealy1 
which is worse than  shrively1 for now  
most ,gentlemen chuse the shriveled     

,apple4--,t4,r4    #bg ,ther is a       
,water-retting and a ,dew-retting1 which
 last is done on  a good ,rawing1 or    
aftermath of a ,meadow ,water4--,t4,r4  
#bh ,after ,harvest4--,t4,r4    #bi     
,this is placed before st4 #i in #aegg4 
#cj ,laying the ,boards handsomely one  
upon another with sticks                
between4--,t4,r4    #ca ,the outermost  
piece4    #cb ,cf4 note #ab1 p4 #cc4    
#ah4     ,octobers abstract4    ,chap4  
#af4      #a  ,lay drie vp and round1   
for barlie thy ground4    #b  ,too late 
doth kill1  too soone is as ill4    #c  
,maides little and great1  pick cleane  
sede wheat4  ,good ground doth craue    
choice sede to haue4  ,flaies,e#aja     
lustily thwack1  least plough sede lack4
    #da  ,sede first go fetch1  for     
edish or etch1  ,soile perfectly knowe1 
er edish ye sowe4    #e  ,white wheat1  
if ye please1  sowe now vpon pease4     
,sowe first the best1  and then the     
rest4    #fb  ,who soweth in raine1     
hath wed to his paine4  ,but worse shall

 he sped1  that soweth ill sed4    #g   
,now1 better than later1  draw furrow   
for water4  ,kepe crowes1 good sonne1   
se fencing#c be donne4    #hd  ,each    
soile no vaine  for euerie graine4      
,though soile be but bad1  some corne   
may be had4    #i  ,naught proue1 naught
 craue1  naught venter1 naught haue4    
#aj  ,one crop and away1  some countrie 
may say4    #aa  ,all grauell and sand1 
is not the best land4  ,a rottenly mould
  is land woorth gould4    #ab  ,why    
wheat is smitten  good lesson is        
written4    #ac  ,the iudgement of some 
how thistles doe come4    #ad  ,a       
iudgement right1  of land in plight4    
,land1 all forlorne1  not good for      
corne4    #ae  ,land barren doth beare  
small strawe1 short eare4    #af  ,here 
maist thou rede  for soile what sede4   
#ag  ,tis tride ery hower1  best graine 
most flower4    #ah  ,grosse corne much 
bran  the baker doth ban4    #aie  ,what
 croppers be  here learne to se4    #bj 
,few after crop much1  but noddies and  

such4    #ba  ,som woodland may crake1  
thre crops he may take4    #bb  ,first  
barlie1 then pease1  then wheat1 if ye  
please4    #bc  ,two crops and away1    
must champion say4    #bdf  ,where      
barlie did growe1  ,laie#g wheat to     
sowe4  ,yet better ,i thinke1  sowe     
pease after drinke4  ,and then1 if ye   
please1  sowe wheat after pease4    #be 
,what champion knowes  that custome     
showes4    #bf  ,first barlie er rie1   
then pease by and by4  ,then fallow for 
wheat1  is husbandrie great4    #bg  ,a 
remedie sent1  where pease lack vent4   
,fat peasefed swine  for drouer is fine4
    #bh  ,each diuers soile  hath diuers
 toile4    #bi  ,some countries vse     
that some refuse4    #cj  ,for wheat ill
 land1  where water doth stand4  ,sowe  
pease or dredge  belowe in that redge4  
#ca  ,sowe acornes to prooue  that      
timber doe looue4    #cb  ,sowe         
hastings,e#ajb now1  if land#h it alow4 
#cc  ,learne soone to get  a good       
quickset4    #cd  ,for feare of the     

wurst  make fat away furst4    #ce  ,fat
 that no more  ye kepe for store4    #cf
  ,hide carren in graue1  lesse noiance 
to haue4    #cg  ,hog measeled kill1    
for flemming that will4    #chi  ,with  
peasebolt and brake  some brew and bake4
    #ci  ,old corne#aj worth gold1  so  
kept as it shold4    #dj  ,much profit  
is rept1  by sloes well kept4    #da    
,kepe sloes vpon bow1  for flixe of thy 
cow4    #db  ,of vergis be sure1  poore 
cattel to cure4    ,thus endeth         
,octobers abstract1 agreing with        
,octobers husbandrie4       ,other short
 remembrances4#aa      #dc  ,cisse1 haue
 an eie  to bore in the stie4  ,by malt 
ill kept1  small profit is rept4    #dd 
,friend1 ringle thy hog1  for feare of a
 dog4  ,rie straw up stack1  least      
,thacker doe lack4    #de  ,wheat straw 
drie saue1  for cattell to haue4  ,wheat
 chaffe lay vp drie1  in safetie to lie4
    #df  ,make handsome a bin1  for     
chaffe to lie in4    #dg  7,sede        
thresht7 thou shalt  thresh barlie to   

malt4  ,cut bushes to hedge1  fence     
medow and redge4    #dh  ,stamp crabs   
that may1  for rotting away4  ,make     
vergis and perie1,e#ajc  sowe kirnell   
and berie4    #di  ,now gather vp       
fruite1  of euerie suite4  ,marsh wall  
too slight1  strength now1 or god night4
    #ejab  ,mend wals of mud1  for now  
it is good4  ,where soile is of sand1   
quick set out of hand4    #ea  ,to plots
 not full  ad bremble and hull4  ,for   
set no bar  whilst month hath an        
,r4,e#ajd  ,like note thou shalt  for   
making of malt4  ,brew now to last  till
 winter be past4    ,here ends ,octobers
 short remembrances4#ac    #a #aegg     
inserts--    ,plie sowing a pace1  in   
euery place4    #b ,st4 #f is not in    
#aegg4    #c furrowing4 #aegg4    #d    
,sts4 #h-cj do not occur here in #aegg2 
but sts4 #cb-cg follow4    #e ,sts4 #ai 
and #bj are in ,septembers ,abstract in 
#aegg4    #f ,in ,septembers ,abstract  
in #aegg4    #g strike4 #aegg4    #h    
ground4 #aegg4    #i ,in #aegg1 sts4 #ch

 to the end are much transposed4    #aj 
graine4 #aegg4    #aa ,cf4 note #ab1 p4 
#cc4    #ab ,first couplet of st4 #ej   
not in #aegg4    #ac ,cf4 note #ab1 p4  
#cc4          #ai4     ,octobers        
husbandrie4    ,chap4 #ag4      ,october
 good blast1  ,to blowe the hog mast4   
,forgotten month past1  ,doe now at the 
last4    ,sidenote3 ,laie vp barlie     
land4    #a  ,now lay vp,e#aje thy      
barley land1 drie as ye can    when euer
 ye sowe it so looke for it than3  ,get 
daily aforehand1 be neuer behinde2      
least winter preuenting do alter thy    
minde4    #b  ,who laieth vp            
fallow,e#ajf too soone or too wet1      
with noiances many doth barley beset4   
,for weede and the water so soketh and  
sucks1    that goodnes from either it   
vtterly plucks4    ,sidenote3 ,wheat    
sowing4    #c  ,greene rie in ,september
 when timely thou hast1    ,october for 
wheat sowing calleth as fast4  ,if      
weather will suffer1 this counsell ,i   
giue1    ,leaue sowing of wheat before  

,hallomas eue4    ,sidenote3 ,sowe edish
 betimes4    #d  ,where wheat vpon edish
 ye mind to bestowe1    let that be the 
first of the wheat ye do sowe3  ,he     
seemeth to hart it and comfort to bring1
    that giueth it comfort of ,mihelmas 
spring4    ,sidenote3 ,best wheat first 
sowen4    #e  ,white wheat vpon         
peaseetch doth grow as he wold1    but  
fallow is best1 if we did as we shold3#a
  ,yet where1 how1 and when1 ye entend  
to begin1    let euer the finest be     
first sowen in4#b    #fc  ,who soweth in
 raine1 he shall reape it with teares1  
who soweth in harmes1#d he is euer in   
feares1  ,who soweth ill seede or       
defraudeth his land1    hath eie sore   
abroode1 with a coresie at hand4    #ge 
,seede husbandly sowen1 water furrow#f  
thy ground1    that raine when it       
commeth may run away round1  ,then stir 
about ,nicoll1 with arrow and bowe1     
take penie for killing of euerie crowe4 
,not in #aegg4    ,a digression to the  
usage of diuers countries1 concerning   

,tillage4      #h  ,each soile hath no  
liking of euerie graine1    nor barlie  
and wheat is for euerie vaine3  ,yet    
knowe ,i no countrie so barren of soile 
but some kind of corne may be gotten    
with toile4    #i  ,in ,brantham1,e#ajg 
where rie but no barlie did growe1      
good barlie ,i had1 as a meany did      
knowe3  ,five seame of an aker ,i truely
 was paid1    for thirtie lode muck of  
each aker so laid4    #aj  ,in ,suffolke
 againe1 where as wheat neuer grew1     
good husbandrie vsed good wheat land ,i 
knew3  ,this ,prouerbe experience long  
ago gaue1   that nothing who practiseth 
nothing shall haue4    #aa  ,as grauell 
and sand is for rie and not wheat1      
7or yeeldeth hir burden to tone the more
 great17  ,so peason and barlie delight 
not in sand1    but rather in claie or  
in rottener land4    #ab  ,wheat somtime
 is steelie or burnt as it growes1      
for pride#g or for pouertie practise so 
knowes4  ,too lustie of courage for     
wheat doth not well1    nor after sir   

peeler he looueth to dwell4,e#ajh    #ac
  ,much wetnes1 hog rooting1 and land   
out of hart1    makes thistles a number 
foorthwith to vpstart4  ,if thistles so 
growing prooue lustie and long1    it   
signifieth land to be hartie and strong4
    #ad  ,as land full of tilth and in  
hartie good plight1    yeelds blade to a
 length and encreaseth in might1  ,so   
crop vpon crop1 vpon whose courage we   
doubt1    yeelds blade for a brag1 but  
it holdeth not out4    #ae  ,the straw  
and the eare to haue bignes and length1 
betokeneth land to be good and in       
strength4  ,if eare be but short1 and   
the strawe be but small1    it          
signifieth barenes and barren withall4  
#af  ,white wheat or else red1 red riuet
 or whight1    far passeth all other1   
for land that is light4  ,white pollard 
or red1 that so richly is set1    for   
land that is heauie is best ye can get4 
#ag  ,maine wheat that is mixed with    
white and with red    is next to the    
best in the market mans hed3  ,so       

,turkey or ,purkey wheat,e#aji many doe 
loue1    because it is flourie1 as      
others aboue4    #ah  ,graie wheat is   
the grosest1 yet good for the clay1     
though woorst for the market1 as fermer 
may say4  ,much like vnto rie be his    
properties found1    coorse flower1 much
 bran1 and a peeler of ground4    #ai   
,otes1 rie1 or else barlie1 and wheat   
that is gray1    brings land out of     
comfort1 and soone to decay3  ,one after
 another1 no comfort betweene1    is    
crop vpon crop1 as will quickly be      
seene4    ,sidenote3 ,crop vpon crop4   
#bj  ,still crop vpon crop many farmers 
do take1    and reape little profit for 
greedines sake4  ,though breadcorne     
drinkcorn,e#aaj such croppers do stand3 
count peason or brank1 as a comfort to  
land4    #ba  ,good land that is        
seuerall1 crops may haue three1    in   
champion countrie it may not so bee3    
,ton taketh his season1 as commoners    
may1    the tother with reason may      
otherwise say4    #bb  ,some vseth at   

first a good fallow to make1    to sowe 
thereon barlie1 the better to take4     
,next that to sowe pease1 and of that to
 sowe wheat1    then fallow againe1 or  
lie lay for thy neat4    #bc  ,first    
rie1 and then barlie1 the champion      
saies1    or wheat before barlie be     
champion waies3  ,but drinke before     
bread corne with ,middlesex men1    then
 lay on more compas1 and fallow agen4   
#bd  ,where barlie ye sowe1 after rie or
 else wheat1    if land be vnlustie1#h  
the crop is not great1  ,so lose ye your
 cost1 to your coresie and smart1    and
 land 7ouerburdened7 is cleane out of   
hart4    #be  ,exceptions take of the   
champion land1    from lieng alonge from
 that at thy hand4  7,just by7 ye may   
comfort with compas at will1    far off 
ye must comfort with fauor and skill4   
#bf  ,where rie or else wheat either    
barlie ye sowe1    let codware be next1 
therevpon for to growe3  ,thus hauing   
two crops1 whereof codware is ton1      
thou hast the lesse neede1 to lay cost  

therevpon4    #bg  ,some far fro the    
market delight not in pease1    for that
 ery chapman they seeme not to please4  
,if vent of the market place serue thee 
not well1    set hogs vp a fatting1 to  
drouer to sell4    #bh  ,two crops of a 
fallow enricheth the plough1    though  
tone be of pease1 it is land good       
ynough3  ,one crop and a fallow some    
soile will abide1    where if ye go     
furder lay profit aside4    #bi  ,where 
peason ye had and a fallow thereon1     
sowe wheat ye may well without doong    
therevpon3  ,new broken vpland1 or with 
water opprest1    or ouer much doonged1 
for wheat is not best4    #cj  ,where   
water all winter annoieth too much1     
bestowe not thy wheat vpon land that is 
such3  ,but rather sowe otes1 or else   
bullimong,e#aaa there1    gray peason1  
or runciuals1 fitches1 or tere4         
,sidenote3 ,sowing of acorns4    #ca    
,sowe acornes ye owners1 that timber doe
 looue1    sowe hawe and rie with them  
the better to prooue2  ,if cattel or    

cunnie may enter to crop1    yong oke is
 in daunger of loosing his top4         
,sidenote3 ,sowing of ,hastings or      
fullams4    #cb  ,who pescods delighteth
 to haue with the furst1    if now he do
 sowe them1 ,i thinke it not wurst4     
,the greener thy peason and warmer the  
roome1    more lusty the layer1 more    
plenty they come4    #cc  ,go plow vp or
 delue vp1 aduised with skill1    the   
bredth of a ridge1 and in length as you 
will4  ,where speedy quickset for a     
fence ye wil drawe1    to sowe in the   
seede of the bremble and hawe4,e#aab    
,sidenote3 ,a disease in fat hogs4      
#cd  ,through plenty of acornes1 the    
porkling to fat1    not taken in season1
 may perish by that1  ,if ratling or    
swelling get once to the throte1    thou
 loosest thy porkling1 a crowne to a    
grote4,e#aac    ,sidenote3 ,not to fat  
for rearing4    #ce  ,what euer thing   
fat is1 againe if it fall1    thou      
ventrest the thing and the fatnes       
withall1  ,the fatter the better1 to    

sell or to kil1    but not to continue1 
make proofe if ye wil4    ,sidenote3    
,burieng of dead cattell4    #cf  ,what 
euer thing dieth1 go burie or burne1    
for tainting of ground1 or a woorser il 
turne4  ,such pestilent smell of a      
carrenly thing1    to cattle and people 
great peril may bring4    ,sidenote3    
,measeled hogs4    #cg  ,thy measeled   
bacon1 hog1 sow1 or thy bore1    shut vp
 for to heale1 for infecting thy store3 
,or kill it for bacon1 or sowce it to   
sell1    for ,flemming1 that loues it so
 deintily well4,e#aad    ,sidenote3     
,strawwisps and peasbolts4    #ch  ,with
 strawisp and peasebolt1 with ferne and 
the brake1    for sparing of fewel1 some
 brewe and do bake1  ,and heateth their 
copper1 for seething of graines3    good
 seruant rewarded1 refuseth no          
paines4,e#aae    ,sidenote3 ,olde wheat 
better than new4    #ci  ,good          
breadcorne and drinkcorne1 full xx      
weekes kept1    is better then new1 that
 at harvest is rept3  ,but foisty the   

breadcorne and bowd eaten malt1,e#aaf   
for health or for profit1 find noysome  
thou shalt4    #dji  ,by thend of       
,october1 go gather vp sloes1    haue   
thou in a readines plentie of thoes1    
,and keepe them in bedstraw1 or still on
 the bow1    to staie both the flixe of 
thyselfe and thy cow4    ,sidenote3 ,a  
medicin for the cow flixe4    #da       
,seeith water and plump therein plenty  
of sloes1    mix chalke#aj that is dried
 in powder with thoes  ,which so1 if ye 
giue1 with the water and chalke1    thou
 makest the laxe fro thy cow away       
walke4,e#aag    #dbaa  ,be sure of      
vergis 7a gallond at least7    so good  
for the kitchen1 so needfull for beast1 
,it helpeth thy cattel1 so feeble and   
faint1    if timely such cattle with it 
thou acquaint4    ,thus endeth ,octobers
 husbandrie4    #a    ,white wheat upon 
pease etch is willing to grow3    though
 best upon fallow as many do knowe4     
#aegg4    #b ,after st4 #e1 #aegg has   
st4 #ca post4    #c ,st4 #f not in      

#aegg4    #d ,in harms or harms way1    
whether of ,roads1 ill ,neighbours1     
,torrents  of ,water1 ,conies1 or other 
,vermin4--,t4,r4 ,cf4 ante1 ch4 #af1 st4
 #ae4    #e ,in ,septembers ,husbandry1 
#aegg4    #f ,furrows drawn cross the   
,ridges in the lowest part of the       
,ground4--,t4,r4    #g or too much      
,dung4--,t4,r4    #h ,there is a sort of
 ,barley1 called ,sprat ,barley1 or     
,battledore  ,barley1 that will grow    
very well on lusty land4 --,t4,r4    #i 
,stanza #dj is not in #aegg4    #aj     
chawlk4 #aegg4    #aa ,stanza #db is not
 in #aegg4          #bj4     ,nouembers 
abstract4    ,chap4 #ah      #a  ,let   
hog once fat1  loose nothing of that4   
,when mast is gon1  hog falleth anon1   
,still fat vp some1  till ,shroftide    
come4  ,now porke and souse1  beares    
tack in house4    #b  ,put barlie to    
malting1  lay flitches a salting4       
,through follie too beastlie,e#aah  much
 bacon is reastie4#a    #c  ,some       
winnow1 some fan1  some cast that can4#b

  ,in casting prouide1  for sede lay    
aside4    #d  ,thresh barlie thou shalt1
  for chapman to malt4  ,else thresh no 
more  but for thy store4    #ec  ,till  
,march thresh wheat1  but as ye doo eat1
  ,least baker forsake it  if foystines 
take it4    #f  ,no chaffe in bin1      
makes horse looke thin4    #gd  ,sowe   
hastings now1  that hastings alow4    #h
  ,they buie it full dere1  in winter   
that rere4    #i  ,few fowles1 lesse    
swine1  rere now1 friend mine4    #aj   
,what losse1 what sturs1  through       
rauening curs4    #aa  ,make ,martilmas 
befe1  dere meate is a thefe4    #ab    
,set garlike and pease1  saint ,edmond  
to please4    #ac  ,when raine takes    
place1  to threshing apace4    #ad  ,mad
 braine1 too rough1  marres all at      
plough4  ,with flaile and whips1  fat   
hen short skips4    #ae  ,some threshing
 by taske1  will steale and not aske3   
,such thresher at night  walkes seldom  
home light4  ,some corne away lag  in   
bottle and bag4  ,some steales1 for a   

iest1  egges out of the nest4    #af    
,lay stouer,e#aai vp drie  in order to  
lie4  ,poore bullock#e doth craue  fresh
 straw to haue4    #ag  ,make wekly vp  
flower1  though threshers do lower3     
,lay graine in loft  and turne it oft4  
#ah  ,for muck1 regard1  make cleane    
foule yard4  ,lay straw to rot1  in     
watrie plot4    #ai  ,hedlond vp plow1  
for compas ynow4    #bj  ,for herbes    
good store1  trench garden more4    #ba 
,at midnight trie  foule priuies to fie4
    #bb  ,rid chimney of soot1  from top
 to the foot4    #bc  ,in stable1 put   
now  thy horses for plow4    #bd  ,good 
horsekeeper will  laie muck vpon hill4  
#bef  ,cut molehils that stand  so thick
 vpon land4    ,thus endeth ,novembers  
abstract1 agreing with ,nouembers       
husbandrie4       ,other short          
remembrances4      #bf  ,get pole1 boy  
mine1  beate hawes to swine4  ,driue hog
 to the wood1  brake rootes be good4    
#bg  ,for mischiefe that falles1  looke 
well to marsh walles4  ,drie laier get  

neate1  and plentie of meate4    #bh    
,curst cattel that nurteth1  poore      
wennel soon hurteth4  ,good neighbour   
mine1  ring well thy swine4    #bi      
,such winter may serue1  hog ringled#g  
will sterue4  ,in frost kepe dog  from  
hunting of hog4    ,here ends ,nouembers
 short remembrances4    #a resty4 #aegg 
#b #aegg reads--    ,let husbandly man  
make clene as he can4    #c ,not in     
#aegg4    #d ,stanzas #g-aj are not in  
#aegg4    #e kow4    #f ,st4 #be is not 
in #aegg4    #g ringd4 #aegg4           
#ba4     ,nouembers husbandrie4         
,chap4 #ai4      ,nouember take flaile1 
,let ship no more saile4    ,forgotten  
month past1  ,doe now at the last4      
,sidenote3 ,slaughter time4    #a  ,at  
,hallontide1 slaughter time entereth in1
    and then doth the husbandmans       
feasting begin  ,from thence vnto       
shroftide kill now and then some1       
their offal for houshold the better wil 
come4,e#abj    ,sidenote3 ,dredge is    
otes and barlie4    #b  ,thy dredge and 

thy barley go thresh out to malt1    let
 malster be cunning1 else lose it thou  
shalt3  ,thencrease of a seame is a     
bushel for store1    bad else is the    
barley1 or huswife much more4           
,sidenote3 ,winnowing1 fanning1 and     
casting4    #c  ,some vseth to winnow1#a
 some vseth to fan1    some vseth to    
cast it as cleane as they can3  ,for    
seede goe and cast it1 for malting not  
so1    but get out the cockle1#b and    
then let it go4,e#aba    ,sidenote3     
,threshing of barlie4    #d  ,thresh    
barlie as yet but as neede shal require1
    fresh threshed for stoouer thy      
cattel desire3  ,and therefore that     
threshing forbeare as ye may1    till   
,candelmas comming1 for sparing of hay4 
#e  ,such wheat as ye keepe for the     
baker to buie1    vnthreshed till ,march
 in the sheafe let it lie1  ,least      
foistnes take it if sooner yee thresh   
it1    although by oft turning ye seeme 
to refresh it4,e#abb    ,sidenote3      
,chaffe of corne4    #f  ,saue chaffe of

 the barlie1 of wheate1 and of rie1     
from feathers and foistines1 where it   
doth lie1  ,which mixed with corne1     
being sifted of dust1    go giue to thy 
cattel1 when serue them ye must4    #gc 
,greene peason or hastings at           
,hallontide sowe1    in hartie good     
soile he requireth to growe3  ,graie    
peason or runciuals cheerely to stand1  
at ,candlemas sowe1 with a plentifull   
hand4    #h  ,leaue latewardly rering1  
keepe now no more swine1    but such as 
thou maist1 with the offal of thine3    
,except ye haue wherewith to fat them   
away1    the fewer thou keepest1 keepe  
better yee may4    #i  ,to rere vp much 
pultrie1 and want the barne doore1    is
 naught for the pulter and woorse for   
the poore4  ,so1 now to keepe hogs and  
to sterue them for meate1    is as to   
keepe dogs for to bawle in the streate4 
#aj  ,as cat a good mouser is needfull  
in house1    because for hir commons she
 killeth the mouse1  ,so rauening       
curres1 as a meany doo keepe1    makes  

master want meat1 and his dog to kill   
sheepe4,e#abc    ,sidenote3 ,martilmas  
beefe4    #aa  7,for ,easter7 at        
,martilmas hang vp a beefe1    for      
stalfed and pease fed plaie pickpurse   
the theefe3  ,with that and the like1 er
 an grasse biefe come in1    thy folke  
shal looke cheerelie when others looke  
thin4    ,sidenote3  ,set garlike and   
beanes4    #ab  ,set garlike and beanes1
 at ,s4 ,edmond#d the king1    the moone
 in the wane1 thereon hangeth a         
thing3,e#abd  ,thencrease of a pottle   
7well prooued of some7    shal pleasure 
thy houshold er peskod time come4       
,sidenote3 ,threshing4    #ac  ,when    
raine is a let to thy dooings abrode1   
set threshers a threshing to laie on    
good lode3  ,thresh cleane ye must bid  
them1 though lesser they yarn1    and   
looking to thriue1 haue an eie to thy   
barne4    ,sidenote3 ,cattle beaters4   
#ad  ,take heede to thy man in his furie
 and heate1    with ploughstaff and     
whipstock1 for maiming thy neate3  ,to  

thresher for hurting of cow with his    
flaile1    or making thy hen to plaie   
tapple vp taile4,e#abe    ,sidenote3    
,corne stealers4    #ae  ,some pilfering
 thresher will walke with a staffe1     
will carrie home corne as it is in the  
chaffe1  ,and some in his bottle of     
leather so great,e#abf    will carry    
home daily both barlie and wheat4       
,sidenote3 ,kepe dry thy straw4    #af  
,if houseroome will serue thee1 lay     
stouer vp drie1    and euerie sort by it
 selfe for to lie4  ,or stack it for    
litter1 if roome be too poore1    and   
thatch out the residue noieng thy       
doore4#e    ,sidenote3 ,euery weke rid  
thy barne flower4    #ag  ,cause weekly 
thy thresher to make vp his flower1     
though slothfull and pilferer thereat   
doo lower3  ,take tub for a season1 take
 sack for a shift1    yet garner for    
graine is the better for thrift4    #ah 
,all maner of strawe that is scattered  
in yard1    good husbandlie husbands    
haue daily regard1  ,in pit full of     

water the same to bestowe1    where     
lieng to rot1 thereof profit may growe4 
,sidenote3 ,digging of hedlonds4    #ai 
,now plough vp thy hedlond1#f or delue  
it with spade1    where otherwise profit
 but little is made3  ,and cast it vp   
high1 vpon hillocks to stand1    that   
winter may rot it1 to compas thy land4  
,sidenote3 ,trenching of garden4    #bj 
,if garden requier it1 now trench it ye 
may1    one trench not a yard from      
another go lay3  ,which being well      
filled with muck by and by1    go couer 
with mould for a season to ly4          
,sidenote3 ,clensing of priuies4    #ba 
,foule priuies are now to be clensed and
 fide1    let night be appointed such   
baggage to hide3  ,which buried in      
garden1 in trenches alowe1    shall make
 very many things better to growe4      
,sidenote3 ,sootie chimneyes4    #bb    
,the chimney all sootie would now be    
made cleene1    for feare of mischances1
 too oftentimes seene3  ,old chimney and
 sootie1 if fier once take1    by       

burning and breaking1 soone mischeefe   
may make4,e#abg    ,sidenote3 ,put horse
 into stable4    #bc  ,when ploughing is
 ended1 and pasture not great1    then  
stable thy horses1 and tend them with   
meat3  ,let season be drie when ye take 
them to house1    for danger of nittes1 
or for feare of a louse4,e#abh          
,sidenote3 ,sauing of doong4    #bd     
,lay compas vp handsomly1 round on a    
hill1    to walke in thy yard at thy    
pleasure and will1  ,more compas it     
maketh and handsom the plot1    if      
horsekeeper daily forgetteth it not4    
#beg  ,make hillocks of molehils1 in    
field thorough out1    and so to        
remaine1 till the yeere go about4  ,make
 also the like whereas plots be too hie1
    all winter a rotting for compas to  
lie4    ,thus endeth ,nouembers         
husbandrie4    #a winnew4 #aeeg4    #b  
,if the ,cockle be left in1 it will     
work1 and some say make the  ,drink the 
stronger4--,t4,r4    #c ,stanzas #g-aj  
are not in #aegg4    #d #bjth ,november4

    #e ,the rest may lie in the open    
,yard1 for the ,cattle to tread into    
,dung1 which is the practice now a days1
 so that our ,farmers are not so  afraid
 of noying their ,doors it seems as     
formerly1 and that not without  good    
reason4--,t4,r4    #f ,t4,r4 thinks that
 here is meant such ,ground in ,common  
,field-land1  which the whole ,shot 7or 
parcel of ,land belonging to many ,men  
against  which it lies7 turn upon4    #g
 ,st4 #be is not in #aegg4          #bb4
     ,decembers abstract4    ,chap4 #bj4
      #a  ,no season to hedge1  get     
betle and wedge4  ,cleaue logs now all1 
for kitchen and hall4    #b  ,dull      
working tooles  soone courage cooles4   
#c  ,leaue off tittle tattle1  and looke
 to thy cattle4  ,serue yoong poore     
elues  alone by themselues4    #d       
,warme barth for neate1  woorth halfe   
their meate4  ,the elder that nurteth   
the yonger soone hurteth4    #e  ,howse 
cow that is old1  while winter doth     
hold4    #f  ,out once in a day1  to    

drinke and to play4    #g  ,get trustie 
to serue1  least cattle doo sterue4     
,and such as in dede  may helpe at a    
nede4    #h  ,obserue this law1  in     
seruing out straw4    #i  ,in walking   
about1  good forke spie out4    #aj  ,at
 full and at change1  spring tides are  
strange4  ,if doubt ye fray1  driue     
cattle away4    #aa  ,dank ling forgot  
will quickly rot4    #ab  ,here learne  
and trie  to turne it and drie4    #ac  
,now stocks remooue1  that ,orchards    
looue4    #ad  ,set stock to growe  too 
thick nor too lowe4  ,set now1 as they  
com1  both cherie#a and plom4    #ae    
,shepe1 hog1 and ill beast1  bids stock 
to ill feast4#b    #af  ,at ,christmas  
is good  to let thy horse blood4    #ag 
,mark here what rable  of euils in      
stable4    #ah  ,mixe well 7old gaffe7  
horse corne with chaffe4  ,let ,jack nor
 ,gill  fetch corne at will4    #aic    
,some countries gift  to make hard      
shift4  ,some cattle well fare  with    
fitches and tare4  ,fitches and tares   

be ,norfolke wares4    #bj  ,tares      
threshed with skill  bestowe as ye will4
    #ba  ,hide strawberies1 wife1  to   
saue their life4    #bb  ,knot1 border1 
and all1  now couer ye shall4    #bc    
,helpe bes1 sweet conie1  with licour   
and honie4    #bd  ,get campers a ball1 
to campe therewithall4    ,thus endeth  
,decembers abstract1 agreing with       
,decembers husbandrie4       ,other     
short remembrances4      #be  ,let      
,christmas spie  yard cleane to lie4    
,no labour1 no sweate1  go labour for   
heate4  ,fede dooues1 but kill not1  if 
stroy them ye will not4  ,fat hog or ye 
kill it1  or else ye doo spill it4      
#bf  ,put oxe in stall1  er oxe doo     
fall4  ,who setheth hir graines1  hath  
profit for paines4  ,rid garden of      
mallow1  plant willow and sallow4    #bg
  ,let bore life render1  se brawne sod 
tender1  ,for wife1 fruit bie1  for     
,christmas pie4  ,ill bread and ill     
drinke1  makes many ill thinke4  ,both  
meate and cost  ill dressed halfe lost4 

#bh  ,who hath wherewithall1  may chere 
when he shall3  ,but charged man1  must 
chere as he can4    ,here ends          
,decembers short remembrances4    #a    
chearrey4 #aegg4    #b ,st4 #ae4        
,wind north1 north east  bids stock to  
il feast4 #aegg4    #c ,sts4 #ai and #bj
 are not in #aegc 7,m472 sts4 #ai1 #bj1 
and #bd are not in  #aegg4          #bc4
     ,decembers husbandrie4    ,chap4   
#ba4      ,o dirtie ,december  ,for     
,christmas remember4    ,forgotten month
 past1  ,doe now at the last4           
,sidenote3 ,betle and wedges4    #a     
,when frost will not suffer to dike and 
to hedge1    then get thee a heat with  
thy beetle and wedge  ,once ,hallomas   
come1 and a fire in the hall1    such   
sliuers doo well for to lie by the wall4
    ,sidenote3 ,grinding stone and      
whetston4    #b  ,get grindstone and    
whetstone1 for toole that is dull1    or
 often be letted and freat bellie full4 
,a wheele barrow also be readie to haue 
at hand of thy seruant1 thy compas to   

saue4    ,sidenote3 ,seruing of cattle4 
#c  ,giue cattle their fodder in plot   
drie and warme1    and count them for   
miring or other like harme4  ,yoong     
colts with thy wennels together go      
serue1    least lurched by others they  
happen to sterue4#a    ,sidenote3       
,woodland countrie4    #d  ,the rack is 
commended for sauing of doong1    so set
 as the old cannot mischiefe the        
yoong3,e#abi  ,in tempest 7the wind     
being northly or east7    warme         
barth,e#acj vnder hedge is a sucker#b to
 beast4    ,sidenote3 ,housing of       
cattel4    ,sidenote3 ,champion4    #e  
,the housing of cattel while winter doth
 hold1    is good for all such as are   
feeble and old3  ,it saueth much compas1
 and many a sleepe1    and spareth the  
pasture for walke of thy sheepe4#c      
,sidenote3 ,champion4    #f  ,for       
charges so little much quiet is won1    
if strongly and handsomly al thing be   
don3  ,but vse to vntackle them once in 
a day1    to rub and to lick them1 to   

drink and to play4    ,sidenote3        
,ordering of cattel4    #g  ,get trustie
 to tend them1 not lubberlie squire1    
that all the day long hath his nose at  
the fire4,e#aca  ,nor trust vnto        
children poore cattel to feede1    but  
such as be able to helpe at a neede4    
#h  ,serue riestraw out first1 then     
wheatstraw and pease1    then otestraw  
and barlie1 then hay if ye please3  ,but
 serue them with hay while the straw    
stouer last1    then loue they no straw1
 they had rather to fast4    ,sidenote3 
,forkes and yokes4    #i  ,yokes1 forks1
 and such other1 let bailie spie out1   
and gather the same as he walketh about4
  ,and after at leasure let this be his 
hier1    to beath,e#acb them and trim   
them at home by the fier4    ,sidenote3 
,going of cattel in marshes4    #aj  ,as
 well at the full of the moone as the   
change1    sea rages in winter be       
sodainly strange4  ,then looke to thy   
marshes1 if doubt be to fray1    for    
feare of 7ne forte7 haue cattel away4   

,sidenote3 ,looke to thy ling and       
saltfish4    #aa  ,both saltfish and    
lingfish 7if any ye haue7    through    
shifting and drieng from rotting go     
saue3  ,least winter with moistnes doo  
make it relent1    and put it in hazard 
before#d it be spent4    ,sidenote3 ,how
 to vse ling and haberden4    #ab       
,broome fagot is best to drie haberden  
on1    lay boord vpon ladder if fagots  
be gon4  ,for breaking 7in turning7 haue
 verie good eie1    and blame not the   
wind1 so the weather be drie4           
,sidenote3 ,remoouing of tres4    #ac   
,good fruit and good plentie doth well  
in the loft1    then make thee an       
orchard and cherish it oft3  ,for plant 
or for stock laie aforehand to cast1    
but set or remooue it er ,christmas be  
past4    ,sidenote3 ,an orchard point4  
#ad  ,set one fro other full fortie     
foote wide1    to stand as he stood is a
 part of his pride4  ,more faier1 more  
woorthie1 of cost to remooue1    more   
steadie ye set it1 more likely to       

prooue4    ,sidenote3 ,orchard and      
hopyard4    #ae  ,to teach and vnteach  
in a schoole is vnmeete1    to doe and  
vndoe to the purse is vnsweete4  ,then  
orchard or hopyard1 so trimmed with     
cost1    should not through follie be   
spoiled and lost4    ,sidenote3 ,letting
 horse blood4    #af  ,er ,christmas be 
passed let horse be let blood1    for   
many a purpose it doth them much good4  
,the daie of ,s4 ,stephen old fathers   
did vse3    if that doe mislike thee    
some other daie chuse4    ,sidenote3    
,breding of the bots4    #ag  ,looke wel
 to thy horses in stable thou must1     
that haie be not foistie1 nor chaffe ful
 of dust3  ,nor stone in their          
prouender1 feather1 nor clots1    nor   
fed with greene peason1 for breeding of 
bots4    ,sidenote3 ,hog and hennes     
meate4    #ah  ,some horsekeeper lasheth
 out prouender so1    some ,gillian     
spendal so often doth go4  ,for hogs    
meat and hens meat1 for that and for    
this1    that corne loft is empted er   

chapman hath his4    #aie  ,some        
countries are pinched of medow for hay1 
yet ease it with fitchis as well as they
 may4  ,which inned and threshed and    
husbandlie dight1    keepes laboring    
cattle in verie good plight4    #bj  ,in
 threshing out fitchis one point ,i will
 shew1    first thresh out for seede of 
the fitchis a few3  ,thresh few fro thy 
plowhorse1 thresh cleane for the cow1   
this order in ,norfolke good husbands   
alow4    ,sidenote3  ,strawberies4      
#ba  ,if frost doe continue1 take this  
for a lawe1    the strawberies looke to 
be couered with strawe4  ,laid ouerly   
trim vpon crotchis and bows1    and     
after vncouered as weather allows4      
,sidenote3  ,gilleflowers4    #bb  ,the 
gilleflower also1 the skilful doe knowe1
    doe looke to be couered1 in frost   
and in snowe4  ,the knot1 and the       
border1 and rosemarie gaie1    do craue 
the like succour for dieng awaie4       
,sidenote3  ,how to preserue bees4      
#bc  ,go looke to thy bees1 if the hiue 

be too light1    set water and honie1   
with rosemarie dight4  ,which set in a  
dish ful of sticks in the hiue1    from 
danger of famine#f yee saue them aliue4 
#bdg  ,in medow or pasture 7to growe the
 more fine7    let campers be           
camping#h;,e#acc in any of thine3       
,which if ye doe suffer when lowe is the
 spring1    you gaine to your selfe a   
commodious thing4    ,thus endeth       
,decembers husbandrie4    #a ,the old   
will be apt to hunge or gore the        
younger4--,t4,r4    #b succor4 #afbj4   
#c and trimly refresheth the walk of the
 sheepe4 #aegg4    #d er ere4 #aegg4    
#e ,sts4 #ai and #bj are not in #aegg4  
#f from famen and daunger4 #aegg4    #g 
,st4 #bd is not in #aegg4    #h         
,football playing1 at which they are    
very dextrous in  ,norfolk4--,t4,r4     
#bd4     ,a digression to hospitalitie4 
,chap4 #bb4a      ,leaue husbandrie     
sleeping a while ye must doo1    to     
learne of housekeeping a lesson or twoo4
  ,what euer is sent thee by trauell and

 paine1    a time there is lent thee to 
rendrit againe4  ,although ye defend it1
 vnspent for to bee1    another shall   
spend it1 no thanke vnto thee4  ,how    
euer we clime1 to accomplish the mind1  
we haue but a time thereof profit to    
find4    #a ,chap4 #bb is wanting in    
#aegc 7,m74 ,in #aegg it is printed in  
twice the  number of lines4             
#be4     ,a description of time1 and the
 yeare4    ,chap4 #bc4      #a  ,of ,god
 to thy dooings a time there is sent1   
which endeth with time that in dooing is
 spent4  ,for time is it selfe but a    
time for a time1    forgotten ful soone1
 as the tune of a chime4    ,sidenote3  
,spring4    ,sidenote3 ,sommer4         
,sidenote3 ,haruest4    ,sidenote3      
,winter4    #b  ,in ,spring time we     
reare1 we doo sowe1 and we plant1    in 
,sommer get vittels1 least after we     
want4  ,in ,haruest we carie in corne   
and the fruit1    in ,winter to spend as
 we neede of ech suit4    ,sidenote3    
,childhood4    ,sidenote3 ,youth4       

,sidenote3 ,manhood4    ,sidenote3 ,age4
    #c  ,the yeere ,i compare1 as ,i    
find for a truth1    the ,spring vnto   
childhood1 the ,sommer to youth1  ,the  
,haruest to manhood1 the ,winter to age3
    all quickly forgot as a play on a   
stage4,e#acd    #d  ,time past is       
forgotten1 er men be aware1    time     
present is thought on with woonderfull  
care1  ,time comming is feared1 and     
therefore we saue1    yet oft er it     
come1 we be gone to the graue4          
#bf4     ,a description of life and     
riches4    ,chap4 #bd4      #a  ,who    
liuing but daily discerne it he may1    
how life as a shadow doth vanish away2  
,and nothing to count on so suer to     
trust    as suer of death and to turne  
into dust4,e#ace    #b  ,the lands and  
the riches that here we possesse    be  
none of our owne1 if a ,god we professe1
  ,but lent vs of him1 as his talent of 
gold1    which being demanded1 who can  
it withhold8    ,sidenote3 ,atrop1 or   
death4    #c  ,god maketh no writing    

that iustly doth say    how long we     
shall haue it1 a yeere or a day2  ,but  
leaue it we must 7how soeuer we leeue7  
when ,atrop,e#acf shall pluck vs from   
hence by the sleeue4    #d  ,to death we
 must stoupe1 be we high1 be we lowe1   
but how and how sodenly1 few be that    
knowe3  ,what carie we then1 but a      
sheete to the graue1    to couer this   
carkas1 of all that we haue8            
#bg4     ,a description of housekeeping4
    ,chap4 #be4      #a  ,what then of  
this talent1 while here we remaine1     
to studie to yeeld it to ,god with a    
gaine8  ,and that shall we doo1 if we   
doo it not hid1    but vse and bestow   
it1 as ,christ doth vs bid4    #b  ,what
 good to get riches by breaking of      
sleepe1    but 7hauing the same7 a good 
house for to keepe8  ,not onely to bring
 a good fame to thy doore1    but also  
the praier to win of the poore4    #c   
,of all other dooings house keeping is  
cheefe1    for daily it helpeth the     
poore with releefe2  ,the neighbour1 the

 stranger1 and all that haue neede1     
which causeth thy dooings the better to 
speede4    #d  ,though harken#a to this 
we should euer among1,e#acg    yet      
cheefly at ,christmas1 of all the yeare 
long4  ,good cause of that vse may      
appeare by the name1    though niggerly 
niggards doo kick at the same4    #a    
hardnes4 #aegg          #bh4     ,a     
description of the feast of the birth of
 ,christ1 commonly called  ,christmas4#a
    ,chap4 #bf4      #a  ,of ,christ    
cometh ,christmas1 the name with the    
feast1    a time full of ioie to the    
greatest and least3  ,at ,christmas was 
,christ 7our ,sauiour7 borne1    the    
world through sinne altogether forlorne4
    #b  ,at ,christmas the daies doo#b  
begin to take length1    of ,christ doth
 religion cheefly#c take strength4  ,as 
,christmas is onely a figure or trope1  
so onely in ,christ is the strength of  
our hope4    #c  ,at ,christmas we      
banket1 the rich with the poore1    who 
then 7but the miser7 but openeth his    

doore8  ,at ,christmas of ,christ many  
,carols we sing1    and giue many gifts 
in the ioy of that ,king4    #d4  ,at   
,christmas in ,christ we reioice and be 
glad1    as onely of whom our comfort is
 had2,e#ach  ,at ,christmas we ioy      
altogether with mirth1    for his sake  
that ioyed vs all with his birth4    #a 
,a description of ,christmas4 #aegg4    
#b the day doth4 #aegg4    #c ,of       
,christ our faith doth begin1 etc4      
#aegg4            #bi4     ,a           
description of apt time to spend4       
,chap4 #bg4      #a  ,let such 7so      
fantasticall7 liking not this1    nor   
any thing honest that ancient is1  ,giue
 place to the time that so meete we doo 
see    appointed of ,god as it seemeth  
to bee4    #b  ,at ,christmas good      
husbands,e#aci haue corne on the ground1
    in barne1 and in soller1 woorth many
 a pound1  ,with plentie of other       
things1#a cattle and sheepe1    all sent
 them 7no doubt on7 good houses to      
keepe4    #c  ,at ,christmas the hardnes

 of ,winter doth rage1    a griper of   
all things and specially age3  ,then    
lightly,e#adj poore people1 the yoong   
with the old1    be sorest oppressed    
with hunger and cold4    #d  ,at        
,christmas by labour is little to get1  
that wanting1 the poorest in danger are 
set4  ,what season then better1 of all  
the whole yeere1    thy needie poore    
neighbour to comfort and cheere8    #a  
,things plentie in house4 #aegg4        
#cj4     ,against fantasticall          
scruplenes4    ,chap4 #bh4      #a  ,at 
this time and that time#a some make a   
great matter1    som help not but hinder
 the poore with their clatter4  ,take   
custome from feasting1 what commeth then
 last1    where one hath a dinner1 a    
hundred shall fast4    #b  ,to dog in   
the manger some liken ,i could1    that 
hay will eate none1 nor let other that  
would2  ,some scarce in a yeere giue a  
dinner or twoo1    nor well can abide   
any other to doo4    #c  ,play thou the 
good fellow1 seeke none to misdeeme1    

disdaine not the honest1 though merie   
they seeme3  ,for oftentimes seene1 no  
more verie a knaue    than he that doth 
counterfait most to be graue4    #a this
 thing and that thing4 #aegg4           
#ca4     ,christmas husbandlie fare4    
,chap4 #bi4      #a  ,good husband and  
huswife now cheefly be glad1    things  
handsom to haue1 as they ought to be    
had2  ,they both doo prouide against    
,christmas doo come1    to welcome good 
neighbour1 good cheere to haue some4    
,sidenote3 ,christmas cuntrie fare4     
#b  ,good bread and good drinke1 a good 
fier in the hall1    brawne1 pudding and
 souse1 and good mustard withall4    #c 
,beefe1 mutton1 and porke1 shred pies of
 the best1    pig1 veale1 goose and     
capon1,e#ada and turkey well drest2     
,cheese1 apples and nuts1 ioly ,carols  
to heare1    as then in the countrie is 
counted good cheare4    #d4  ,what cost 
to good husband is any of this8    good 
houshold prouision onely it is4  ,of    
other the like1 ,i doo leaue out a      

menie1    that costeth the husbandman   
neuer a penie4          #cb4     ,a     
,christmas ,caroll of the birth of      
,christ vpon the tune of ,king          
,salomon4,e#adb    ,chap4 #cj4      #a  
,was not ,christ our ,sauiour  sent to  
vs fro ,god aboue8  not for our good    
behauiour1  but onely of his mercie and 
loue4  ,if this be true1 as true it is1 
truely in deede1  great thanks to ,god  
to yeeld for this1    then had we neede4
    #b  ,this did our ,god for very     
troth1  to traine to him the soule of   
man1  and iustly to performe his oth  to
 ,sara and to ,abram than1  ,that       
through his seed all nations should     
most blessed bee3  ,as in due time      
performe he would1    as now wee see4#a 
#c  ,which woonderously is brought to   
pas1  and in our sight alredie donne1   
by sending as his promise was  7to      
comfort vs7 his onely sonne1  ,euen     
,christ 7,i meane7 that virgins child1  
in ,bethlem#b borne1  that ,lambe of    
,god1 that ,prophet mild1    with       

crowned thorne4    #d  ,such was his    
loue to saue vs all1  from dangers of   
the curse of ,god1  that we stood in by 
,adams fall1  and by our owne deserued  
rod1  ,that through his blood and holie 
name    who so beleeues1#c  and flie    
from sinne and abhors the same1,e#adc   
free mercie he geeues4    #e  ,for these
 glad newes this feast doth bring3  to  
,god the ,sonne and holy ,ghost  let man
 giue thanks1 reioice1 and sing1  from  
world to world1 from cost to cost3  for 
all good gifts so many waies    that    
,god doth send1  let vs in ,christ giue 
,god the praies1    till life shall end4
                                  ,t4   
,tusser4    #f  ,at ,christmas be merie 
and thankfull withall1  ,and feast thy  
poore neighbors1 the great with the     
small1  ,yea1 all the yeere long1 to the
 poore let vs giue1  ,gods blessing to  
folow vs while wee doo liue4    #a all  
flesh should see4 #aegg4    #b          
,bethelem4 #aegg4    #c to such as      
beleues4 #aegg4          #cc4           

,januaries abstract4    ,chap4 #ca4     
#a  ,bid ,christmas adew1  thy stock now
 renew4    #b  ,who killeth a neat1     
hath cheaper his meat4  ,fat home fed   
souse1  is good in a house4    #c  ,who 
dainties loue1  a begger shall proue4   
,who alway selles1  in hunger dwelles4  
#d  ,who nothing saue1  shall nothing   
haue4    #e  ,lay durt vpon heapes1     
some profit it reapes4  ,when weather is
 hard1  get muck out of yard4  ,a fallow
 bestowe1  where pease shall growe4     
,good peason and white1  a fallow will  
quite4    #f  ,go gather quickset1  the 
yongest go get4  ,dig garden1 stroy     
mallow1  set willow and sallow4  ,grene 
willow for stake  in bank will take4#a  
#g  ,let ,doe go to buck1  with ,conie#b
 good luck4  ,spare labour nor monie1   
store borough with conie4  ,get warrener
 bound  to vermin thy ground4  ,fed     
,doues1 but kill not1  if loose them ye 
will not4  ,doue house repaire1  make   
,douehole faire4  ,for hop ground cold1 
,doue doong woorth gold4    #h  ,good   

gardiner mine1  make garden fine4  ,set 
garden pease1  and beanes if ye please4 
,set ,respis and ,rose1  yoong rootes of
 those4    #i  ,the timelie buier  hath 
cheaper his fier4    #aj  ,some burns   
without wit1  some fierles sit4    #aa  
,now season is good  to lop or fell     
wood4  ,prune tres some allows  for     
cattle to brows4    #ab  ,giue shepe to 
their fes  the mistle of tres4    #ac   
,let lop be shorne  that hindreth corne4
  ,saue edder and stake1  strong hedge  
to make4    #ad  ,for sap as ye knowe1  
let one bough growe4  ,next yere ye may 
that bough cut away4    #ae  ,a lesson  
good  to encrease more wood4    #afc    
,saue crotchis of wud1  saue spars and  
stud4  ,saue hop for his dole1  the     
strong long pole4    #ag  ,how euer ye  
scotch1  saue pole and crotch4    #ah   
,from ,christmas to ,may1  weake cattle 
decay4    #ai  ,with vergis acquaint    
poore bullock so faint2  ,this medcin   
approoued  is for to be looued4    #bj  
,let plaister lie  thre daies to trie3  

too long if ye stay1  taile rots away4  
#ba  ,eawes readie to yeane  craues     
ground rid cleane4  ,kepe shepe out of  
briers1  ,kepe beast out of miers4      
#bb  ,kepe bushes from bill1  till hedge
 ye will3  ,best had for thy turne1     
their rootes go and burne4    #bc  ,no  
bushes of mine1  if fence be thine4     
#bd  ,in stubbed plot1  fill hole with  
clot4#d    #be  ,rid grasse of bones1   
of sticks and stones4    #bf  ,warme    
barth giue lams1  good food to their    
dams1  ,look daily well to them1  least 
dogs vndoo them4    #bg  ,yoong lamb    
well sold1  fat lamb woorth goold4      
#bh  ,kepe twinnes for bred1  as eawes  
haue ned4#e    #bi  ,one calfe if it    
please ye1  now reared shall ease ye4   
,calues likely reare1  at rising of     
yeare4  ,calfe large and leane  is best 
to weane4    #cj  ,calfe lickt take     
away1  and howse it#f ye may4  ,this    
point ,i allow  for seruant and cow4    
#ca  ,calues yonger than other  learne  
one of another4    #cb  ,no danger at   

all  to geld as they fall4  ,yet ,michel
 cries,e#add  please butchers eies4     
#cc  ,sow ready to fare1  craues        
huswiues#g care4    #cd  ,leaue sow but 
fiue1  the better to thriue4    #ce     
,weane such for store  as sucks before4 
,weane onely but thre  large breders to 
be4    #cf  ,lamb1 bulchin1,e#ade and   
pig1  geld vnder the big4    #cg        
,learne wit1 sir dolt1  in gelding of   
colt4    #ch  ,geld yoong thy filly1    
else perish will ginny4  ,let gelding   
alone1  so large of bone4  ,by breathely
 tits  few profit hits4    #ci  ,brede  
euer the best1  and doo of the rest1    
,of long and large1  take huswife a     
charge4    #dj  ,good cow  good ground#h
  yelds yerely a pound4  ,good faring   
sow  holds profit with cow4    #da  ,who
 kepes but#i twaine1  the more may      
gaine4    #dbaj  ,tith iustly1 good     
garson1  else driue will the parson4    
#dc  ,thy garden twifallow1  stroy      
hemlock and mallow4    #dd  ,like       
practise they prooue1  that hops doe    

looue4    #de  ,now make and wand in    
trim bower to stand in4  ,leaue wadling 
about1  till arbor be out4    #df  ,who 
now sowes otes1  gets gold and grotes4  
,who sowes in ,may  gets little that    
way4    #dg  ,go breake vp land1  get   
mattock in hand1  ,stub roote so tough1 
for breaking of plough4    #dh  ,what   
greater crime  then losse of time8      
#diaa  ,lay land or#ab lease  breake vp 
if ye please4  ,but fallow not yet1     
that hast any wit4    #ej  ,where drink 
ye sowe1  good tilth bestowe4    #ea    
,small profit is found1  by peling of   
ground4    #eb  ,land past the best     
cast vp to#ac rest4    ,thus endeth     
,januaries abstract1 agreing with       
,januaries husbandrie4       ,other     
short remembrances4      #ec  ,get      
pulling hooke 7sirs71  for broome and   
firs4  ,pluck broome1 broome still1  cut
 broome1 broome kill4    #ed  ,broome   
pluckt by and by1  breake vp for rie4   
,friend ringle thy hog1  or looke for a 
dog4    #ee  ,in casting prouide1  for  

sede lay aside4  ,get doong1 friend     
mine1  for stock and vine4    #ef  ,if  
earth be not soft1  go dig it aloft4    
,for quamier get bootes1  stub alders   
and rootes4    #eg  ,hop poles waxe     
scant1  for poles mo plant4  ,set       
chestnut and walnut1  set filbeard and  
smalnut4    #eh  ,peach1 plumtre1       
cherie1  yoong bay and his berie4  ,or  
set their stone1  vnset leaue out none4 
#ei  ,sowe kirnels to beare1  of apple  
and peare4  ,all tres that beare goom   
set now as they coom4    #fj  ,now set  
or remooue  such stocks as ye looue4#ad 
,here ends ,januaries short             
remembrances4    #a    ,green set as a  
stake  in banke they wil take4 #aegg4   
#b conney4 #aegg4    #c ,st4 #af and the
 second couplets in sts4 #ba and #bb are
 not here in  #aegg4    #d ,here follows
 in #aegg1    ,take for thy turne1      
their roots go burne4    #e feede4      
#aegg4    #f if4 #aegg4    #g huswifes4 
#aegg4    #h ,good milch kow and sound4 
#aegg4    #i both4 #aegg4    #aj ,st4   

#db is not in #aegg4    #aa ,sts4 #di   
and #ej are not in #aegg4    #ab for4   
,m4    #ac the4 #aegg4    #ad    ,and   
set or remoue  what fruite ye loue4     
#aegg4          #cd4    ,of trees or    
fruites to be set or remooued4      #a  
,apple tres of all sorts4    #b         
,apricocks4,e#adf    #c ,barberies4     
#d ,boollesse1,e#adg black  white4    #e
 ,cheries1,e#adh red and black4    #f   
,chestnuts4,e#adi    #g ,cornet         
plums4,e#aej    #h ,damsens1#a;,e#aea   
white  black4    #i ,filbeards1,e#aeb   
red and white4    #aj ,goose            
beries4,e#aec    #aa ,grapes1,e#aed     
white and red4    #ab ,grene or grasse  
plums4,e#aee    #ac                     
,hurtillberies4,e#aef    #ad            
,medlars,e#aeg or marles4    #ae        
,mulberie4,e#aeh    #af ,peaches1,e#aei 
white and red4    #ag ,peares of all    
sorts4    #ah ,perareplums1#b;,e#afj    
black  yelow4    #ai ,quince,e#afa tres4
    #bj ,respis4,e#afb    #ba           
,reisons4,e#afc    #bb ,small nuts4     

#bc ,strawberies1 red and white4    #bd 
,seruice tres4,e#afd    #be             
,walnuts4,e#afe    #bf ,wardens1,e#aff  
white and red4    #bg ,wheat plums4     
#bh  ,now set ye may  the box and bay1  
,haithorne and prim1  for clothes trim4 
#a ,damisens4 #aegg4    #b sic also in  
#aegg4          #ce4     ,januaries     
husbandrie4    ,chap4 #cb4      ,a      
kindly good ,janiuere1  ,freseth pot by 
the fere4    ,forgotten month past1     
,doe now at the last4    ,sidenote3     
,husbandly lessons4    #a  ,when        
,christmas is ended1 bid feasting adue1 
goe play the good husband1 thy stock to 
renue4  ,be mindfull of rearing1 in hope
 of a gaine1    dame profit shall giue  
thee reward for thy paine4    #b  ,who  
both by his calfe and his lamb will be  
knowne1    may well kill a neate and a  
sheepe of his owne4  ,and he that can   
reare vp a pig in his house1    hath    
cheaper his bacon and sweeter his souse4
    #c  ,who eateth his veale1 pig and  
lamb being froth1,e#afg    shall twise  

in a weeke go to bed without broth4#a   
,vnskilfull that passe not1 but sell    
away sell1    shall neuer haue plentie  
where euer they dwell4    #d  ,be       
greedie in spending1 and careles to     
saue1    and shortly be needie and      
readie to craue4  ,be wilfull to kill   
and vnskilfull to store1    and looke   
for no foison1#b ,i tell thee           
before4,e#afh    #e  ,lay dirt vpon     
heapes1 faire yard to be seene1    if   
frost will abide it1 to feeld with it   
cleene4,e#afi  ,in winter a fallow some 
loue to bestowe1    where pease for the 
pot#c they intend for to sowe4          
,sidenote3 ,quick set now4    #f  ,in   
making or mending as needeth thy ditch1 
get set to quick set it1 learne         
cunningly whitch4#d  ,in hedging 7where 
clay is7 get stake as ye knowe1    of   
popler and willow1 for fewell to growe4 
,sidenote3 ,kepe cleane thy douehous4   
#g  ,leaue killing of conie1#e let ,doe 
go to buck1    and vermine thy burrow1  
for feare of ill luck4  ,feed ,doue 7no 

more killing71 old ,doue house,e#agj    
repaire1    saue doue dong for hopyard1 
when house ye make faire4    ,sidenote3 
,runciual peason4    #h  ,dig garden1   
stroy mallow1 now may ye at ease1    and
 set 7as a daintie7 thy runciuall       
pease4#f  ,go cut and set roses1 choose 
aptly thy plot1    the rootes of the    
yoongest are best to be got4            
,sidenote3 ,timelie prouision for       
fewell4    #i  ,in time go and bargaine1
 least woorser doo fall1    for fewell1 
for making1 for carriage and all4  ,to  
buie at the stub,e#aga is the best for  
the buier1    more timelie prouision1   
the cheaper is fier4    ,sidenote3 ,ill 
husbandrie4    #aj  ,some burneth a lode
 at a time in his hall1    some neuer   
leaue burning til burnt they haue all4  
,some making of hauock1 without any wit1
    make many poore soules without fire 
to sit4    ,sidenote3 ,pruning of tres4 
#aa  ,if frost doo continue1 this lesson
 doth well1    for comfort of cattel the
 fewell to fell3  ,from euerie tree the 

superfluous bows    now prune for thy   
neat therevpon to go brows4#g           
,sidenote3 ,mistle and iuie4    #ab  ,in
 pruning and trimming all maner of      
trees1    reserue to ech cattel their   
properly fees4  ,if snowe doo continue1 
sheepe hardly that fare    craue ,mistle
 and ,iuie for them for to spare4       
,sidenote3 ,lopping of pollengers4      
#ac  ,now lop for thy fewell old        
pollenger growen1    that hinder the    
corne or the grasse to be mowen4  ,in   
lopping and felling1 saue edder and     
stake1,e#agb    thine hedges as needeth 
to mend or to make4    #ad  ,in         
lopping1#h old ,jocham1 for feare of    
mishap1    one bough stay vnlopped1 to  
cherish the sap3  ,the second yeere     
after then boldly ye may1    for driping
 his fellowes1 that bough cut away4     
,sidenote3 ,the propertie of soft wood4 
#ae  ,lop popler and sallow1 elme1      
maple1 and prie1    well saued from     
cattle1 till ,sommer to lie4  ,so far as
 in lopping1 their tops ye doo fling1   

so far without planting yoong copie will
 spring4,e#agc    #afi  ,such fewell as 
standing a late ye haue bought1    now  
fell it1 and make it1 and doo as ye     
ought4  ,giue charge to the hewers 7that
 many things mars71    to hew out for   
crotches1 for poles1 and for spars4     
,sidenote3 ,hoppoles and crotches4      
#ag  ,if hopyard or orchard ye mind for 
to haue1    for hoppoles and crotches in
 lopping go saue4  ,which husbandlie    
spared may serue at a push1    and stop 
by so hauing two gaps with a bush4      
#ah  ,from ,christmas1 till ,may be well
 entered in1    some cattle waxe faint1 
and looke poorely and thin4  ,and       
cheefly when prime,e#agd grasse#aj at   
first doth appeere1    then most is the 
danger of all the whole yeere4          
,sidenote3 ,a medicen for faint cattell4
    #ai  ,take vergis and heate it1 a   
pint for a cow1    bay salt a hand      
full1#aa to rub tong ye wot how4  ,that 
done1 with the salt1 let hir drinke off 
the rest3    this manie times raiseth   

the feeble vp best4    ,sidenote3 ,to   
fasten loose teth in a bullock4    #bj  
,poore bullock with browsing and        
naughtily fed1    scarce feedeth1 hir   
teeth be so loose in hir hed3  ,then    
slise ye the taile where ye feele it so 
soft1    with soote and with garlike    
bound to it aloft4#ab    ,sidenote3     
,ewes vpon eaning4    #ba  ,by brembles 
and bushes1 in pasture too full1        
poore sheepe be in danger and loseth    
their wull4#ac  ,now therefore thine    
ewe1 vpon lamming so neere1    desireth 
in pasture that all may be cleere4      
#bb  ,leaue grubbing or pulling of      
bushes 7my sonne7    till timely thy    
fences require to be donne4  ,then take 
of the best1 for to furnish thy turne1  
and home with the rest1 for the fier to 
burne4    ,sidenote3 ,stubbing of       
grenes4    #bc  ,in euerie greene1#ad if
 the fence be not thine1    now stub vp 
the bushes1 the grasse to be fine4      
,least neighbour doo dailie so hack#ae  
them beliue1,e#age    that neither thy  

bushes nor pasture can thriue4    #bd   
,in ridding#af of pasture with turfes   
that lie by1#ag    fill euerie hole vp1 
as close as a dy4  ,the labour is       
little1 the profit is gay1    what euer 
the loitering labourers say4    #be     
,the sticks and the stones go and gather
 vp cleene1    for hurting of sieth or  
for harming of greene4#ah  ,for feare of
 ,hew prowler1,e#agf get home with the  
rest1    when frost is at hardest1 then 
carriage is best4    ,sidenote3 ,yoong  
lambes4    #bf  ,yoong broome or good   
pasture thy ewes doo require1    warme  
barth and in safetie their lambes doo   
desire4  ,looke often well to them1 for 
foxes and dogs1    for pits and for     
brembles1 for vermin and hogs4    #bg   
,more daintie#ai the lambe1 the more    
woorth to be sold1    the sooner the    
better for eaw that is old4  ,but if ye 
doo minde to haue milke of the dame1    
till ,maie doo not seuer the lambe fro  
the same4    ,sidenote3 ,rearing of     
lambes4    #bh  ,ewes yeerly by twinning

 rich maisters doo make1    the lamb of 
such twinners for breeders go take4     
,for twinlings,e#agg be twiggers1       
encrease for to bring1    though som for
 their twigging ,peccantem,e#agh may    
sing4    ,sidenote3 ,rearing of calues4 
#bi  ,calues likely that come between   
,christmas and ,lent1    take huswife to
 reare1 or else after repent3  ,of such 
as doo fall betweene change and the     
prime1#bj    no rearing1 but sell or go 
kill them in time4    ,sidenote3        
,howsing of cattel4    #cj  ,howse      
calfe1 and go sockle it twise in a day1 
and after a while1 set it water and hay4
  ,stake ragged to rub on1 no such as   
will bend1    then weane it well tended1
 at fiftie daies end4#ba    #ca  ,the   
senior weaned his yoonger shall teach1  
how both to drinke water and hay for to 
reach4#bb  ,more stroken and made of    
when ought it doo aile1    more gentle  
ye make it1 for yoke or the paile4,e#agi
    ,sidenote3 ,of gelding4    #cb      
,geld bulcalfe and ram lamb1 as soone as

 they fall1    for therein is lightly no
 danger at all4  ,some spareth the ton  
for to pleasure the eie1    to haue him 
shew greater when butcher shall bie4    
,sidenote3     #cc  ,sowes readie to    
farrow this time of the yeere    are for
 to be made of and counted full deere4  
,for now is the losse of a fare of the  
sow    more great then the losse of two 
calues of thy cow4    ,sidenote3        
,rearing of pigs4    #cd  ,of one sow   
togither reare few aboue fiue1    and   
those of the fairest and likest to      
thriue4  ,ungelt of the best keepe a    
couple for store1    one bore pig and   
sow pig1 that sucketh before4,e#ahj     
,sidenote3  ,a way to haue large bred of
 hogs4    #ce  ,who hath a desire to    
haue store verie large1    at           
,whitsontide let him giue huswife a     
charge1  ,to reare of a sow at once     
onely but three1    and one of them also
 a bore let it bee4    ,sidenote3       
,gelding time4    #cf  ,geld vnder the  
dam1 within fortnight at least1    and  

saue both thy monie and life of the     
beast4  ,geld later with gelders as many
 one do1    and looke of a doozen to    
geld away two4    ,sidenote3 ,gelding of
 horse coltes4    #cg  ,thy colts for   
thy saddle geld yoong to be light1      
for cart doo not so1 if thou iudgest    
aright4  ,nor geld not but when they be 
lustie and fat3    for there is a point1
 to be learned in that4    ,sidenote3   
,gelding of fillies4    #ch  ,geld      
fillies 7but tits7 er an nine daies of  
age1    they die else of gelding 7or    
gelders doo rage74  ,yoong fils,e#aha so
 likelie of bulke and of bone3    keepe 
such to be breeders1 let gelding alone4 
,sidenote3 ,reare the fairest of al     
things4    #ci  ,for gaining a trifle1  
sell neuer thy store1    what ioy to    
acquaintance1 what pleasureth more8     
,the larger of bodie1 the better for    
breede3    more forward of growing1 the 
better they speede4    ,sidenote3  ,of  
cow and sow4    #dj  ,good milchcow1    
well fed1 that is faire and sound1    is

 yeerely for profit as good as a pound3 
,and yet by the yeere1 ,i haue prooued  
er#bc now1    as good to the purse is a 
sow as a cow4    ,sidenote3     #da     
,keepe one and keepe both1 with as      
little a cost1    then all shall be     
saued and nothing be lost4  ,both hauing
 togither what profit is caught1    good
 huswifes 7,i warrant ye7 need not be   
taught4    ,sidenote3     #dbbd  ,for   
lamb1 pig and calfe1 and for other the  
like1    tithe so as thy cattle the     
,lord doo not strike4  ,or if yee deale 
guilefully1 parson will dreue1    and so
 to your selfe a worse turne ye may     
geue4    #dc  ,thy garden plot latelie  
well trenched and muckt1    would now be
 twifallowd1 the mallowes out pluckt1#be
  ,well clensed and purged of roote and 
of stone1    that falt therein afterward
 found may be none4    ,sidenote3       
,weding of hopyard4    #dd  ,remember   
thy hopyard1 if season be drie1    now  
dig it and weed it1 and so let it lie4  
,more fennie the laier the better his   

lust1    more apt to beare hops when it 
crumbles like dust4    ,sidenote3       
,trimming up arbors4    #de  ,to arbor  
begun1 and quick setted#bf about1    no 
poling nor wadling#bg till set be far   
out4  ,for rotten and aged may stand for
 a shew1    but hold to their tackling  
there doe but a few4#bh;,e#ahb          
,sidenote3 ,sowing of otes4 ,late sowing
 not good4    #df  ,in ,janiuere#bi     
husband that poucheth the grotes    will
 break vp his laie1 or be sowing of     
otes1  ,otes sowen in ,janiuere1 laie#cj
 by the wheat1    in ,may by the hay for
 the cattle to eat4#ca;,e#ahc    #dg    
,let seruant be readie1 with mattock in 
hand1    to stub out the bushes that    
noieth the land3  ,and cumbersome       
rootes1 so annoieng the plough1    turne
 vpward their arses with sorrow inough4 
,sidenote3 ,breaking up lay in som      
countrie4    #dh  ,who breaketh vp      
timelie his fallow or lay1    sets      
forward his husbandrie many a way4      
,this trimlie well ended doth forwardly 

bring1#cb    not onelie thy tillage1 but
 all other thing4    #dicc  ,though lay 
land ye breke vp when ,christmas is gon1
    for sowing of barlie#cd or otes     
therevpon1  ,yet haste not to fallow til
 ,march be begun1    least afterward    
wishing it had ben vndun4    #ej  ,such 
land as ye breake vp for barlie to sowe1
    two earthes at the least er ye sowe 
it bestowe4#ce  ,if land be thereafter1 
set oting apart1    and follow this     
lesson1 to comfort thine hart4    #ea   
,some breaking vp laie soweth otes to   
begin1#cf    to suck out the moisture so
 sower therein4  ,yet otes with hir     
sucking a peeler is found1    both ill  
to the maister and worse to som ground4 
#eb  ,land arable driuen or worne to the
 proofe1    and#cg craueth some rest for
 thy profits behoofe4  ,with otes ye may
 sowe it1 the sooner to grasse1    more 
soone to be pasture to bring it to      
passe4    ,thus endeth ,januaries       
husbandrie4    #a ,broath is still us'd 
in some ,farm ,houses for ,supper ,meat1

 and  ,roast ,meat look'd upon as very  
ill ,husbandry4--,t4,r4    #b looke not 
for foyzen4 #aegg4 ,foyzon is ,winter   
,food4--,t4,r4    #c ,pease boyling or  
not boyling is one of the ,farmers      
occult  ,qualities2 but fresh1 and next 
to it1 well dunged ,grounds are observed
  to produce the best ,boylers1 perhaps 
because they retain most                
moisture4--,t4,r4    #d ,by ,experience 
,garden ,quicksets are found to be the  
best1 444  because they are all of an   
age4--,t4,r4    #e ,the common time of  
ending their ,slaught 7or ,slaughter as 
the  ,warreners term it7 is             
,candlemas4--,t4,r4    #f ,the most     
forward ,pea is the ,rogue1 they are    
pick'd from the  ,hasting and           
,hotspur4--,t4,r4    #g ,since the use  
of ,turneps ,cattel need not be hard put
 to it in  snowy weather as             
formerly4--,t4,r4    #h ,this is more   
proper in ,underwood than ,pollards1 at 
least more  in use at present2 few      
,pollards perish for want of it1 but    

,runt-wood  will4--,t4,r4    #i ,st4 #af
 is not in #aegg4    #aj ,prime ,grass  
appears commonly in woody moist         
,grounds1 on ,hedge  ,banks1 and is so  
called from its earliness2 when ,cattle 
have tasted  this they begin to loath   
their dry food4 ,it is often sprung     
before  ,candlemas4--,t4,r4    #aa full 
a hand4 #aegg4    #ab ,this remedy still
 is in ,practice4444 ,the first         
indication of  corrupt blood is from the
 staring ,hairs on the ,tail near the   
,rump4 ,some  instead of ,soot and      
,garlick put a ,dock ,root1 or the ,root
 of a ,bears  ,foot1 which they call a  
,gargat ,root1 others flay the ,dewlaps 
to the  very ,shoulders4--,t4,r4    #ac 
,large ,ant-,hills is much the best     
shelter for ,ewes and  ,lambs4--,t4,r4  
#ad ,this is understood of ,hedge       
,greens 444 a space next the ,hedge of  
a ,rod or more in breadth4--,t4,r4      
#ae make4 #aegg4    #af ,when you rid it
 of ,bushes or ,ant ,hills4--,t4,r4     
#ag with turnes so bye4 #aegg4    #ah   

,hedge ,greens4--,t4,r4    #ai ,likely1 
or thriving1 such as will soon require  
more ,milk than his  old ,dam can afford
 him4--,t4,r4    #bj ,the first three   
days after the new moon or              
change4--,t4,r4    #ba ,at present we   
rarely wean under twelve weeks4---      
,t4,r4 #agaj4    #bb ,the hay is given  
them stuck in cleft sticks4--,t4,r4     
#bc or4 #aegg4    #bd ,st4 #db is not in
 #aegg4    #be ,in trenching1 bury no   
,mallow1 ,nettle-dock1 or ,briony       
,roots4--,t4,r4    #bf ,quick setted    
,arbors are now out of use1 as agreeing 
very ill with  the ,ladies              
,muslins4--,t4,r4 #agaj4    #bg ,wattles
 are wood slit4--,t4,r4    #bh they     
cannot but feaw4 #aegg4    #bi ,january4
 #aegg4    #cj lay them by thy wheate in
 #ajj ,good ,points4    #ca ,such early 
sown ,oats it is likely may be clearer  
of weeds2 and  if ,i buy my ,hay in     
,may1 that is1 before my ,chapman knows 
what ,quantity  he shall have1 he is    
rul'd by his ,necessity for some ready  

money in  ,hand4--,t4,r4    #cb ,this   
tilth is a tilture1 well forward doth   
bring4 #aegg4    #cc ,sts4 #di and #ej  
are not in #aegg4    #cd ,barley is now 
very rarely1 if at all1 sown on lay     
land4  ,the fallow he speaks of ,i take 
to be the second ploughing for          
,barley4--,t4,r4 #agaj4 ,gervase        
,markham1 in his ,english ,husbandman1  
directs a digging in ,may1 another1 with
 manuring1 in ,october1 and the  last   
time of your digging and setting shall  
be at the beginning of  ,april4    #ce  
,barley-,ground ought to be as fine as  
an ,ash-heap4--,t4,r4    #cf ,where the 
,ground is over rich1 it fines and      
sweetens it4--,t4,r4    #cg ,it in      
,tusser ,redivivus4 and4 #aegg4         
#cf4     ,februaries abstract4    99 99 
99 ,februaries ,abstract and ,februaries
 ,husbandry in the edition of  #aegg    
differ much from that of #aehj4         
,chap4 #cc4      #a  ,lay compas ynow1  
er euer ye plow4    #b  ,place          
doongheapes alowe1  more barlie to      

growe4    #c  ,eat etch er ye plow1     
with hog1 shepe and cow4  ,sowe lintels 
ye may1  and peason gray4  ,kepe white  
vnsowne1  till more be knowne4    #d    
,sow pease 7good trull7  the ,moone past
 full4  ,fine sedes then sowe1  whilst  
,moone doth growe4    #e  ,boy1 follow  
the plough1  and harrow inough4  ,so    
harrow ye shall1  till couerd be all4   
#f  ,sowe pease not too thin1  er plough
 ye set in4    #g  ,late sowen sore     
noieth1  late ripe1 hog stroieth4    #h 
,some prouender saue1  for plowhorse to 
haue4  ,to oxen that drawe1  giue hay   
and not strawe4  ,to steres ye may  mixe
 strawe with hay4    #i  ,much carting1 
ill tillage1  makes som to flie village4
    #aj  ,use cattle aright1  to kepe   
them in plight4    #aa  ,good quickset  
bie1  old gatherd will die4    #aba     
,stick bows a rowe1  where runciuals    
growe4    #ac  ,sowe kirnels and hawe1  
where ridge ye did drawe4    #ad  ,sowe 
mustard sed1  and helpe to kill wed4    
,where sets doo growe1  se nothing ye   

sowe4    #ae  ,cut vines and osier1     
plash hedge of enclosier4  ,fed highly  
thy swan1  to loue hir good man4  ,nest 
high ,i aduise1  least floud doe arise4 
#af  ,land meadow spare1  there doong is
 good ware4    #ag  ,go strike off the  
nowles  of deluing mowles4  ,such       
hillocks in vaine  lay leauelled plaine4
    #ah  ,to wet the land1  let mowle   
hill stand4    #ai  ,poore cattle craue 
some shift to haue4    #bj  ,cow little 
giueth  that hardly liueth4    #ba  ,rid
 barlie al now1  cleane out of thy mow4 
,choice sed out drawe1  saue cattle the 
strawe4    #bb  ,to coast man ride      
,lent stuffe to prouide4    ,thus endeth
 ,februaries abstract1 agreing with     
,februaries husbandrie4       ,other    
short remembrances4      #bc  ,trench   
medow and redge1  dike1 quickset1 and   
hedge4  ,to plots not full1  ad bremble 
and hull4    #bd  ,let wheat and the rie
  for thresher still lie4  ,such strawe 
some saue1  for thacker to haue4    #be 
,poore cunnie1 so bagged1  is soone ouer

 lagged4  ,plash burrow1 set clapper1   
for dog is a snapper4,e#ahd    #bf      
,good flight who loues1  must fed their 
doues4  ,bid hauking adew1  cast hauke  
into mew4,e#ahe    #bg  ,kepe shepe out 
of briers1  kepe beast out of miers4    
,kepe lambes from fox1  else shepherd go
 box4    #bh  ,good neighbour mine1  now
 yoke thy swine4  ,now euerie day1  set 
hops ye may4    #bi  ,now set for thy   
pot1  best herbes to be got4  ,for      
flowers go set1  all sorts ye can get4  
#cj  ,as winter doth prooue1  so may ye 
remooue4  ,now all things reare1  for   
all the yeare4    #ca  ,watch ponds1 go 
looke  to weles and hooke4  ,knaues seld
 repent  to steale in ,lent4    #cb     
,alls fish they get  that commeth to    
net4,e#ahf  ,who muck regards  makes    
hillocks in yards4    ,here ends        
,februaries short remembrances4    #a   
,stanza #ab is #d1 and st4 #bb is #a in 
#aegg4          #cg4     ,februaries    
husbandrie4    ,chap4 #cd4      ,feb1   
fill the dike,e#ahg  ,with what thou    

dost like4#a    ,forgotten month past   
,doe now at the last4    #a  ,who laieth
 on doong er he laieth on plow1    such 
husbandrie vseth as thrift doth alow4   
,one month er ye spred it1 so still let 
it stand1    er euer to plow it1 ye take
 it in hand4    #b  ,place doong heape a
 low by the furrough along1    where    
water all winter time did it such wrong4
  ,so make ye the land to be lustie and 
fat1    and corne thereon sowen to be   
better for that4    #c  ,go plow in the 
stubble1 for now is the season1    for  
sowing of fitchis1 of beanes1 and of    
peason4  ,sowe runciuals timelie1 and   
all that be gray1    but sowe not the   
white till ,s4 ,gregories day4#b    #d  
,sowe peason and beanes in the wane of  
the ,moone1#c    who soweth them sooner1
 he soweth too soone4  ,that they with  
the planet may rest and arise1    and   
flourish with bearing most plentifull   
wise4    #e  ,friend1 harrow in time1 by
 some maner of meanes1    not onely thy 
peason1 but also thy beanes4            

,unharrowed die1 being buried in clay1  
where harrowed florish1 as flowers in   
,may4    #f  ,both peason and beanes    
sowe afore ye doo plow1#d    the sooner 
ye harrow1 the better for yow4#e  ,white
 peason so good for the purse and the   
pot3    let them be well vsed else well 
doo ye not4    #g  ,haue eie vnto       
haruest what euer ye sowe1    for feare 
of mischances1 by riping too slowe4     
,least corne be destroied1 contrarie to 
right1    by hogs or by cattel1 by day  
or by night4#f    #h  ,good prouender   
labouring horses would haue1    good    
haie and good plentie1 plow oxen doo    
craue4  ,to hale out the muck and to    
plow vp thy ground3    or else it may   
hinder thee many a pound4    #i  ,who   
slacketh his tillage1 a carter to bee1  
for grote got abrode1 at home lose shall
 three4  ,and so by his dooing he brings
 out of hart    both land for the corne 
and horse for the cart4    #aj  ,who    
abuseth his cattle and sterues them for 
meat1    by carting or plowing1 his     

gaine is not great4  ,where he that with
 labour can vse them aright1    hath    
gaine to his comfort1 and cattle in     
plight4    #aa  ,buie quickset at       
market1 new gatherd and small1    buie  
bushes or willow1 to fence it withall4  
,set willowes to growe1 in the steede of
 a stake1    for cattel in sommer1 a    
shadow to make4    ,sidenote3  ,runciual
 peason4    #ab  ,stick plentie of bows 
among runciuall pease#g    to climber   
thereon1 and to branch at their ease4   
,so dooing1 more tender and greater they
 wex1    if peacock#h and turkey leaue  
iobbing their bex4,e#ahh    #ac  ,now   
sowe and go harrow 7where redge ye did  
draw#i7    the seed of the bremble1 with
 kernell and haw4  ,which couered       
ouerlie1 soone to shut out1    goe see  
it be ditched and fenced about4,e#ahi   
,sidenote3 ,sowe mustard sede4    #ad   
,where banks be amended and newly vp    
cast1    sow mustard seed1#aj after a   
shower be past4  ,where plots full of   
nettles be noisome to eie1    sowe      

therevpon hempseed1 and nettle will die4
    ,sidenote3 ,cut or set vines4    #ae
  ,the vines#aa and the osiers cut and  
go set1    if grape be vnpleasant1 a    
better go get4  ,feed swan1 and go make 
hir vp strongly a nest1    for feare of 
a floud1 good and high is the best4     
,sidenote3 ,catching of mowls4    #af   
,land meadow that yeerly is spared for  
hay1    now fence it and spare it1 and  
doong it ye may4  ,get mowle catcher    
cunninglie mowle for to kill1    and    
harrow and cast abrode euerie           
hill4,e#aij    #ag  ,where meadow or    
pasture to mowe ye doo laie1    let     
mowle be dispatched some maner of waie4 
,then cast abrode mowlhill1 as flat as  
ye can1    for many commodities         
following than4    #ah  ,if pasture by  
nature is giuen to be wet1    then bare 
with the mowlhill1 though thick it be   
set4  ,that lambe may sit on it1 and so 
to sit drie1    or else to lie by it1   
the warmer to lie4,e#aia    ,sidenote3  
,looke well to thy fence4    #ai        

,friend1 alway let this be a part of thy
 care1    for shift of good pasture1 lay
 pasture to spare4  ,so haue you good   
feeding1 in bushets and lease1,e#aib    
and quickly safe finding of cattel at   
ease4    #bj  ,where cattel may run     
about1 rouing at wil1    from pasture to
 pasture1 poor bellie to fil1  ,there   
pasture and cattel both hungrie and     
bare1    for want of good husbandrie    
worser doo fare4    #ba  ,now thresh out
 thy barlie1 for malt or for seed1      
for bread corne 7if need be7 to serue as
 shall need4  ,if worke for the thresher
 ye mind for to haue1    of wheat and of
 mestlen,e#aic vnthreshed go saue4      
#bb  ,now timelie for ,lent stuffe#ab   
thy monie disburse1    the longer ye    
tarie for profit the wurse1  ,if one    
penie vantage be therein to saue1    of 
coast man or fleming be sure to         
haue4,e#aid    ,thus endeth ,februaries 
husbandrie4    #a with what ye like4    
#aegg4    #b #abth of ,march4    #c     
,pease and ,beans sown during the       

,increase do run more to ,hawm or       
,straw1 and during the ,declension more 
to ,cod1 according to the common        
consent of country men4 ,and ,i must own
 ,i have experienced it2 but ,i  will   
not aver it so as that it is not lyable 
to exceptions4--,t4,r4    #d ,this is   
called sowing under furrow1 just before 
the second  ploughing1 which if neatly  
done lays them in rows4--,t4,r4    #e   
,because if they lye until they are     
swell'd the horse-footing is  apt to    
endanger them4--,t4,r4    #f ,this      
regards ,field ,land2 for in our        
,author's time ,enclosures were  not so 
frequent as now4--,t4,r4 #agaj4    #g   
,runcival pease find now very little    
,entertainment in ,gentlemen's          
,gardens4444 ,in their room are got the 
,egg pea1 the ,sugar pea1 ,dutch        
admirals1 etc4--,t4,r41 #agaj4    #h ,a 
,peacock1 altho' a lovely ,fowl to look 
on1 444 is a very  ill-natured          
,bird4--,t4,r4    #i ,a way of          
quicksetting or fencing ,enclosures out 

of the common  ,field they had in the   
days of our ,author4--,t4,r4    #aj     
,this is most in practice in ,marshy    
,countreys4--,t4,r4    #aa ,those that  
thrive best with us are the small black 
,grape1 the  white ,muscadine1 and the  
,parsley grape4--,t4,r4    #ab ,this    
,article is very much unregarded by     
,farmers at present1  for fear1 ,i      
suppose1 of falling into ,popery and    
,superstition2 but  lay that quite      
aside1 and let us consult our ,interest1
 ,health1 and  ,gratitude4--,t4,r4 ,the 
writer of ,tusser ,redivivus here       
enlarges on  the advantages1 personal   
and national1 of fish diet4 ,under      
,marches  ,husbandry1 stanza #c1 he     
mentions ,salt ,fish1 ,furmity1 ,gruel1 
,wigs1  ,milk1 ,parsnips1               
,hasty-pudding1 ,pancakes1 and twice a  
week ,eggs1 as the  ,farmer's ,lenten   
,diet4          #ch4     ,marches       
abstract4    ,chap4 #ce4      #a  ,white
 peason sowe1  scare hungry crow4    #b 
,spare meadow for hay1  spare marshes at

 ,may4    #ca  ,kepe shepe from dog1    
kepe lambes from hog4  ,if foxes mowse#b
 them1  then watch or howse them4    #d 
,march drie or wet1  hop ground go set4 
,yoong rootes well drest  prooue euer#c 
best4  ,grant hop great hill  to growe  
at will4  ,from hop long gut  away go   
cut4    #e  ,here learne the way  hop   
rootes to lay4    #f  ,rootes best to   
prooue1  thus set ,i looue4    #g       
,leaue space and roome1  to hillock to  
coome4    #h  ,of hedge and willow  hop 
makes his#d pillow4  ,good bearing hop  
climes vp to the top4  ,kepe hop from   
sunne1  and hop is vndunne4    #i  ,hop 
tooles procure  that may endure4  ,iron 
crowe like a stake1  depe hole to make4 
,a scraper to pare  the earth about     
bare4  ,a hone to raise roote1  like    
sole of a boote4  ,sharpe knife to cut  
superfluous gut4    #aj  ,who graffing  
looues1  now graffing prooues4  ,of     
euerie suite1  graffe daintie fruite4   
,graffe good fruite all1  or graffe not 
at all4    #aa  ,graffe soone may be    

lost1  both grafting and cost4  ,learne 
here#e take hed  what counsell doth     
bed4#f    #ab  ,sowe barlie that can1   
too soone ye shall ban4  ,let horse kepe
 his owne1  till barlie be sowne4  ,sowe
 euen thy land1  with plentifull hand4  
,sowe ouer and vnder1  in claie is no   
woonder4    #acg  ,by sowing in wet1  is
 little to get4    #ad  ,straight folow 
the plough1  and harrow inough4  ,with  
sling go throwe1#h  to scare away crowe4
    #ae  ,rowle after a deaw1  when     
barlie doth sheaw4  ,more handsom to    
make it1  to mowe and to rake it4    #af
  ,learne here ye may  best harrowing   
way4    #agi  ,now rowle thy wheat1     
where clods be too great4    #ah  ,make 
readie a plot1  for seds for the pot4   
#ai  ,best searching minds  the best    
waie finds4    #bj  ,for garden best  is
 south southwest4    #ba  ,good tilth   
brings sedes1  euill tilture1 wedes4    
#bb  ,for sommer sowe now1  for winter  
se how4    #bc  ,learne time to knowe1  
to set or sowe4#aj    #bd  ,yoong plants

 soone die1  that growes too drie4      
#be  ,in countrie doth rest1  what      
season is best4    #bf  ,good peason and
 lekes  makes pottage for crekes4    #bg
  ,haue spoone meat inough1  for cart   
and the plough4  ,good poore mans fare1 
is poore mans care4  ,and not to boast1 
of sod and roast4    #bh  ,cause rooke  
and rauen  to seke a new hauen4    ,thus
 endeth ,marches abstract1 agreing with 
,marches husbandrie4       ,other short 
remembrances4      #bi  ,geld lambes now
 all1  straight as they fall4  ,looke   
twise a day1  least lambes decay4    #cj
  ,where horse did harrow1  put stones  
in barrow1  ,and#aa laie them by1  in   
heapes on by4    #ca  ,let oxe once fat 
lose nothing of that4  ,now hunt with   
dog1  vnyoked hog4    #cb  ,with ,doues 
good luck1  reare#ab goose and duck4    
,to spare aright  spare ,march his      
flight4    #cc ,the following additional
 couplets are in #aegg4    ,saue chikins
 poore buttocks  from pye1 crowe1       
puttocks4    ,some loue now best  yong  

rabbets nest4    ,now knaues will steale
  pig1 lamb1 and veale4    ,here learne 
to knowe  what seedes to sowe4    ,and  
such to plant  whose seedes do want4    
#a ,st4 #c1 first couplet1    ,what     
champion useth  woodland refuseth4      
#aegg4    #b mouth them4 #aegc 7,m472   
mowse4 #aegg4    #c the4 #aegc1 #aegg4  
#d her4 #aegg4    #e to4 #aegg4    #f   
bid1 #aegg2 beed1 #aehe2 breed1 #afad4  
#g ,st4 #ac is not in #aegg4    #h sling
 or bowe4 #aegg4    #i ,stanzas #ag1    
#bf1 and first couplet of #bg are not in
 #aegg4    #aj ,lines transposed in     
#aegg4    #aa or4 #aegg4    #ab hen4    
#aegg4          #ci4    ,seedes and     
herbes for the ,kitchen4      #a        
,auens4,e#aie    #b  ,betanie4,e#aif    
#c  ,blets or bets1,e#aig white or      
yellow4    #d  ,bloodwoort,e#aih        
,bloodwoorth1 #aegg4    #e              
,buglas4,e#aii    #f  ,burnet4,e#bjj    
#g  ,burrage4,e#bja    #h  ,cabage      
remoue in ,june4    #i  ,clarie4,e#bjb  
#aj ,coleworts4,e#bjc    #aa ,cresses4  

#ab ,endiue4    #ac ,fenell4,e#bjd      
#ad ,french ,malows4    #ae ,french     
,saffron set in ,august4    #af         
,langdebiefe4,e#bje    #ag ,lekes,e#bjf 
remoue in ,june4    #ah ,lettis remoue  
in ,may4    #ai ,longwort4,e#bjg    #bj 
,liuerwort4,e#bjh    #ba                
,marigolds,e#bji often cut4    #bb      
,mercurie4,e#baj    #bc ,mints at all   
times4    #bd ,nep4,e#baa    #be ,onions
 ,oyneons1 #aegg from ,december to      
,march4    #bf ,orach,e#bab or arach1   
redde and white4    #bg ,patience4,e#bac
    #bh ,perceley4    #bi               
,peneriall4,e#bad    #cj                
,primerose4,e#bae    #ca ,poret4    #cb 
,rosemary,e#baf in the spring time to   
growe south or west4#a    #cc ,sage red 
and white4    #cd ,english#b            
,saffron,e#bag set in ,august4    #ce   
,summer sauerie4    #cf ,sorell4    #cg 
,spinage4,e#bah    #ch ,suckerie4    #ci
 ,siethes4,e#bai    #dj ,tanzie4,e#bbj  
#da ,time4    #db ,violets of all sorts4
    #dc ,winter sauerie4    #a ,omitted 

in #aegg4    #b ,omitted in #aegg4      
#dj4    ,herbes and rootes for sallets  
and sauce4      #a ,alexanders1 at all  
times4    #b ,artichoks4    #c ,blessed 
thistle1,e#bba or ,carduus benedictus4  
#d ,cucumbers in ,april and ,may4    #e 
,cresies1 sowe with ,lettice in the     
spring4    #f ,endiue4    #g ,mustard   
sede1 sowe in the spring and at         
,mihelmas4    #h ,musk million1 in      
,april and ,may4    #i ,mints4    #aj   
,purslane4,e#bbb    #aa ,radish1 and    
after remoue them4    #ab               
,rampions4,e#bbc    #ac ,rokat1,e#bbd in
 ,april4    #ad ,sage4,e#bbe    #ae     
,sorell4    #af ,spinage1 for the       
sommer4    #ag ,sea holie4,e#bbf    #ah 
,sperage1 let growe two yeares1 and then
 remoue4    #ai ,skirrets1 set these    
plants in ,march4    #bj ,suckerie4     
#ba ,tarragon1 set in slippes in        
,march4#a    #bb ,violets of all        
coulors4#b      ,these buie with the    
penie1  ,or looke not for anie4    #a   
,capers4    #b  ,lemmans4    #c         

,oliues4    #d  ,orengis4    #e  ,rise4 
#f  ,sampire4,e#bbg    #a ,tarragon1    
,april1 #aegg4    #b ,omitted in #aegg4 
#da4    ,herbes and rootes to boile or  
to butter4      #a  ,beanes1 set in     
winter4    #b  ,cabbegis1,e#bbh sowe in 
,march1 and after remooue4    #c        
,carrets4    #d  ,citrons1,e#bbi sowe in
 ,may4    #e  ,goordes in ,may4    #f   
,nauewes sowe in ,june4    #g  ,pompions
 in ,may4    #h  ,perseneps in winter4  
#i  ,runciuall pease set in winter4     
#aj ,rapes sowe in ,june4    #aa        
,turneps in ,march  ,april4             
#db4    ,strowing herbes of all sortes4 
#a  ,bassel1,e#bcj fine and busht1 sowe 
in ,may4    #b  ,baulme1 set in ,march4 
#c  ,camamel4    #d  ,costmarie4,e#bca  
#e  ,cousleps and paggles4,e#bcb    #f  
,daisies of all sorts4    #g  ,swete    
fennell4    #h  ,garmander4,e#bcc    #i 
,isop1 set in ,februarie4    #aj        
,lauender4    #aa ,lauender spike4      
#ab ,lauender cotten4,e#bcd    #ac      
,maierom knotted1 sowe or set at the    

spring4    #ad ,mawdelin4,e#bce    #ae  
,penal riall4    #af ,roses of all      
sorts1 in ,januarie and ,september4     
#ag ,red mints4    #ah ,sage4    #ai    
,tanzie4    #bj ,violets4    #ba ,winter
 sauerie4          #dc4    ,herbes1     
branches1 and flowers1 for windowes and 
pots4      #a  ,baies1,e#bcf sowe or set
 in plants in ,januarie4    #b          
,batchelers buttons4,e#bcg    #c        
,botles1 blew1 red1 and tawnie4    #d   
,collembines4,e#bch    #e  ,campions4   
#f  ,cousleps4#a    #g                  
,daffadondillies4,e#bci    #h           
,eglantine1,e#bdj or swet brier4    #i  
,fetherfew4,e#bda    #aj ,flower        
armor#b;,e#bdb sowe in ,may4    #aa     
,flower de luce4,e#bdc    #ab ,flower   
gentle1,e#bdd white and red4    #ac     
,flower nice4    #ad ,gileflowers1,e#bde
 red white and carnations1 set in       
spring1 and at  ,haruest in pots1 pailes
 or tubs1 or for sommer in beds4    #ae 
,holiokes1,e#bdf red1 white and         
carnations4    #af ,indian eie1,e#bdg   

sowe in ,may1 or set in slips in ,march4
    #ag ,lauender of all sorts4    #ah  
,larkes foot4    #ai ,laus tibi4,e#bdh  
#bj ,lillium cum valium4#c;,e#bdi    #ba
 ,lillies1 red and white1 sowe or set in
 ,march and ,september4    #bb          
,marigolds double4    #bc ,nigella      
,romana4,e#bej    #bd ,pauncies or      
hartesease4,e#bea    #be ,paggles1 grene
 and yelow4    #bf ,pinkes of all sorts4
    #bg ,quenes gilleflowers4    #bh    
,rosemarie4    #bi ,roses of all sorts4 
#cj ,snag dragons4#d    #ca ,sops in    
wine4,e#beb    #cb ,swete               
,williams4,e#bec    #cc ,swete          
,johns4,e#bed    #cd ,star of ,bethelem4
    #ce ,star of ,jerusalem4,e#bee      
#cf ,stocke gilleflowers of all sorts4  
#cg ,tuft gilleflowers4,e#bef    #ch    
,veluet flowers1,e#beg or french        
,marigolds4    #ci ,violets1 yellow and 
white4    #dj ,wall gilleflowers of all 
sorts4    #a ,omitted in #aegg4    #b   
armour4 #aegg2 amour4 #afad4    #c      
convallium4 #afag    #d ,snap dragons4  

#aegg4          #dd4    ,herbes to still
 in ,sommer4      #a  ,blessed thistle4 
#b  ,betanie ,betonye1 #aegg4    #c     
,dill4    #d  ,endiue4    #e            
,eiebright4,e#beh    #f  ,fennell4    #g
  ,fumetorie4,e#bei    #h  ,isop4    #i 
,mints4    #aj ,plantine4    #aa ,roses 
red and damaske4    #ab ,respies4    #ac
 ,saxefrage4    #ad ,strawberies4    #ae
 ,sorell4    #af ,suckerie4    #ag      
,woodrofe,e#bfj for swete waters and    
cakes4          #de4    ,necessarie     
herbes to growe in the garden for       
,physick1 not rehersed  before4      #a 
,annis4    #b  ,archangel4,e#bfa    #c  
,betanie4    #d  ,charuiel4    #e       
,cinqfile4    #f  ,cummin4,e#bfb    #g  
,dragons4    #h  ,detanie1#a;,e#bfc or  
garden ginger4    #i  ,gromel,e#bfd sed1
 for the stone4    #aj ,hartstong4      
#aa ,horehound4    #ab ,louage,e#bfe for
 the stone4    #ac ,licoras4    #ad     
,mandrake4,e#bff    #ae ,mogwort,e#bfg  
,mogworth1 #aegg4    #af ,piones4    #ag
 ,poppie4    #ah ,rew4,e#bfh    #ai     

,rubarb4    #bj ,smalach1 for swellings4
    #ba ,saxefrage1 for the stone4      
#bb ,sauin1 for the bots4,e#bfi    #bc  
,stitchwort4,e#bgj    #bd ,valerian4    
#be ,woodbine4,e#bga    #bf  ,thus ends 
in brefe1  ,of herbes the chefe1  ,to   
get more skill1  ,read whom ye will1    
,such mo to haue1  ,of field go craue4  
#a ,betany1 in #aegg4 ,thus mistakes in 
synonyms arise4          #df4           
,marches husbandrie4    ,chap4 #cf4     
,march dust to be sold1  ,worth ransome 
of gold4    ,forgotten month past1  ,doe
 now at the last4    ,sidenote3 ,sowing 
of white peason4 #aegg4    #a  ,white   
peason1 both good for the pot and the   
purse1#a    by sowing too timelie1      
prooue often the wurse4  ,bicause they  
be tender and hateth the cold1    prooue
 ,march er ye sowe them1 for being too  
bold4    ,sidenote3 ,spare eating of    
meadowe4    #b  ,spare meadow at        
,gregorie1,e#bgb marshes at ,pask1      
for feare of drie ,sommer1 no longer    
time ask4  ,then hedge them and ditch   

them1 bestow thereon pence3    corne1   
meadow and pasture1 aske alway good     
fence4    ,sidenote3 ,in ,lent haue an  
ey to shep biters4    #c  ,of mastiues  
and mungrels1,e#bgc that manie we see1  
a number of thousands too manie there   
bee4  ,watch therefore in ,lent1 to thy 
sheepe go and looke1    for dogs will   
haue vittles1#b by hooke or by          
crooke4,e#bgd    ,sidenote3 ,setting of 
hops4    #d  ,in ,march at the furdest1 
drie season or wet1    hop rootes so    
well chosen1 let skilfull go set4  ,the 
goeler#c and yonger the better ,i loue2 
well gutted#d and pared1 the better they
 proue4    #e  ,some laieth them        
croswise1 along in the ground1    as    
high as the knee they doo couer vp      
round4  ,some prick vp a stick in the   
mids of the same1    that little round  
hillock the better to frame4    #f      
,some maketh a hollownes1 halfe a foot  
deepe1    with fower sets in it1 set    
slant wise a steepe3  ,one foot from    
another1 in order to lie1    and thereon

 a hillock1 as round as a pie4    #g    
,five foot from another ech hillock     
would stand1    as straight as a        
leaueled line with the hand4  ,let      
euerie hillock be fower foot wide1      
the better to come to on euerie side4   
#h  ,by willowes,e#bge that groweth thy 
hopyard without1    and also by hedges  
thy meadowes about4  ,good hop hath a   
pleasure to climbe and to spred1    if  
,sunne may haue passage to comfort hir  
bed4    ,sidenote3 ,hop tools4    #i    
,get crowe made of iron1 deepe hole for 
to make1    with crosse ouerthwart it1  
as sharpe as a stake4  ,a hone#e and a  
parer1 like sole of a boote1#f    to    
pare away grasse and to raise vp the    
roote4    ,sidenote3 ,graffing4    #aj  
,in ,march is good grafting1 the        
skilfull doo knowe1    so long as the   
wind in the ,east doo not blowe4  ,from 
,moone being changed til past be the    
prime1#g    for grafting and cropping is
 verie good time4    #aa  ,things       
graffed or planted1#h the greatest and  

least1    defend against tempest1 the   
bird#i and the beast4  ,defended shall  
prosper1 the tother is lost1    the     
thing with the labour1 the time and the 
cost4    ,sidenote3 ,sowing of barlie4  
#ab  ,sowe barlie in ,march1 in ,april  
and ,maie1    the latter#aj in sand1 and
 the sooner in claie4#aa  ,what worser  
for barlie than wetnes and cold8    what
 better to skilfull than time to be     
bold8,e#bgf    #acab    ,who soweth his 
barlie too soone or in raine1    of     
otes#ac and of thistles shall after     
complaine4  ,i speake not of ,maie      
weed1,e#bgg cockle,e#bgh and such1      
that noieth the barlie1 so often and    
much4    #ad  ,let barlie be harrowed1  
finelie as dust1    then workmanly      
trench it and fence it ye must4  ,this  
season well plied1 set sowing an end1   
and praise and praie ,god a good haruest
 to send4    ,sidenote3 ,rowling of     
barlie4    #ae  ,some rowleth their     
barlie straight after a raine1    when  
first it appeareth to leauell it plaine4

  ,the barlie so vsed1 the better doth  
growe1    and handsome ye make it at    
haruest to mowe4    #af  ,otes1 barlie  
and pease1 harrow after you sowe1#ad    
for rie harrow first1 as alreadie ye    
knowe4,e#bgi  ,leaue wheat little clod1 
for to couer the head1    that after a  
frost1 it may out and go spread4        
#agae  ,if clod in thy wheat wil not    
breake with the frost1    if now ye doo 
rowle it1 it quiteth the cost4  ,but see
 when ye rowle it1 the weather be drie1 
or else it were better vnrowled to lie4 
,sidenote3  ,gardening4    #ah  ,in     
,march and in ,april1#af from morning to
 night1    in sowing and setting1 good  
huswiues delight3  ,to haue in a garden1
 or other like plot1    to turn vp their
 house1 and to furnish their pot4       
,sidenote3     #ai  ,the nature of      
flowers dame ,physick doth shew1    she 
teacheth them all to be knowne to a few4
  ,to set or to sowe1 or else sowne to  
remoue1    how that should be practised1
 learne if ye loue4    ,sidenote3 ,to   

know good land4    #bj  ,land falling or
 lieng full ,south or southwest1    for 
profit by tillage is lightly the best4  
,so garden with orchard and hopyard ,i  
finde1    that want the like benefit1   
growe out of kinde4    ,sidenote3       
#ba  ,if field to beare corne a good    
tillage doth craue1    what thinke ye of
 garden1 what garden would haue8  ,in   
field without cost,e#bhj be assured of  
weedes1    in garden be suer thou       
loosest thy seedes4    ,sidenote3       
#bb  ,at spring 7for the sommer7 sowe   
garden ye shall1    at haruest 7for     
winter7 or sowe not at all4  ,oft       
digging1 remoouing1 and weeding 7ye     
see71    makes herbe the more holesome  
and greater to bee4    ,sidenote3       
#bc  ,time faire1 to sowe or to gather  
be bold1    but set or remooue when the 
weather is cold4#ag  ,cut all thing or  
gather1 the ,moone in the wane1    but  
sowe in encreasing1 or giue it his bane4
    ,sidenote3     #bd  ,now set doo    
aske watering with pot or with dish1    

new sowne doo not so1 if ye doo as ,i   
wish4,e#bha  ,through cunning with      
dible1 rake1 mattock1 and spade1    by  
line and by leauell1 trim garden is     
made4    #be  ,who soweth too lateward1 
hath seldome good seed1    who soweth   
too soone1 little better shall speed4   
,apt time and the season so diuers to   
hit1    let aier and laier#ah helpe     
practise and wit4    ,sidenote3         
#bfai  ,now leekes are in season1 for   
pottage full good1    and spareth the   
milchcow and purgeth the blood4  ,these 
hauing1 with peason for pottage in      
,lent1    thou sparest both otemell and 
bread to be spent4,e#bhb    ,sidenote3  
#bg  ,though neuer so much a good       
huswife doth care1    that such as doe  
labour haue husbandlie fare4  ,yet feed 
them and cram them til purse doe lack   
chinke1    no spoone meat1 no bellifull1
 labourers thinke4    ,sidenote3        
,destroie pie1 rooks1 and rauens nest1  
etc4    #bh  ,kill crowe1 pie and cadow1
 rooke1 buzard and rauen1    or else go 

desire them to seeke a new hauen4  ,in  
scaling the yoongest1 to pluck off his  
beck1    beware how ye climber1 for     
breaking your neck4    ,thus endeth     
,marches husbandrie4    #a ,the         
,retailer now sells them for #b;d4 the  
,quart4--,t4,r4 #agaj4    #b ,in ,lent1 
dog's meat was scarce1 and a mort ,lamb 
now and then was  very apt to whet their
 appetite for ,mutton4--,t4,r4    #c    
goeler4 #aegg4 goodlier4 #afad4 ,the    
goeler is the yellower1 which  are the  
best setts1 old roots being red4--,t4,r4
    #d ,well taken off from the old     
,roots4--,t4,r4    #e ,a common ,rubber 
or ,whetstone4--,t4,r4    #f ,the best1 
in my minde1 are those triangular ones  
used by the ,fen  men and               
,bankers4--,t4,r4 #agaj4    #g cf4 ante1
 ch4 #cf1 st4 #d4    #h plainted4 #aegg4
    #i ,that impudent bird1 a ,tomtit1  
is not easily frighted4--,t4,r4    #aj  
later4--,t4,r4    #aa ,barley is rarely 
sown in ,clay1 at present4--,t4,r4      
#agaj4    #ab ,st4 #ac is not in #aegg4 

#ac ,gervase ,markham says3 ,you shall  
take care that in your seede  ,barly    
there be not any ,oates1 for although   
they be in this case amongst            
,husbandmen accounted the best of weede1
 yet are they such a disgrace1  etc42444
 and he adds that some grounds will 444 
bring forth naturally  a certaine kinde 
of wilde ,oates4--,english ,husbandman1 
,pt4 ,i4 ch4 v4    #ad ,that is1 in our 
,countryman's ,phrase1 444 above furrow1
 that is  upon land after the last      
ploughing4--,t4,r4 ,cf4 ante1 ch4 #cg1  
st4 #f4    #ae ,st4 #ag is not in #aegg4
    #af ,in ,march1 ,april1 and ,may4   
#aegg4    #ag ,there is an old ,sawe to 
this purpose3    ',in ,gard'ning never  
this ,rule forget1  ,to ,sow dry1 and   
,set wet4'--,t4,r4    #ah ,by ,aier ,i  
understand ,situation1 ,weather1 etc4444
 ,by ,laier1  ,composition1 the ,nature 
of the ,soil1 ,heart of the ,land1      
etc4--,t4,r4    #ai ,sts4 #bf and #bg   
are not in #aegg2 but instead--    ,good
 peason and leekes1 to make porredge in 

lent1    and pescods in ,july1 saue fish
 to be spent4  ,those hauing with other 
things plentifull than1    thou winnest 
the hart of the labouring man4          
#dg4     ,aprils abstract4    ,chap4    
#cg4      #aa  ,some champions laie  to 
fallow in ,maie4    #b  ,when tilth     
plows breake1  poore cattle cries       
creake4    #c  ,one daie er ye plow1    
spred compas ynow4    #d  ,some fodder  
buieth1  in fen where it lieth4    #e   
,thou champion wight1  haue cow meat for
 night4    #f  ,set hop his pole1  make 
depe the hole4    #g  ,first1 bark go   
and sell1  er timber ye fell4    #h     
,fence copie in1  er heawers begin4     
#i  ,the straightest ye knowe1  for     
staddles let growe4    #aj  ,crab tre   
preserue1  for plough to serue4    #aa  
,get timber out1  er yere go about4     
#ab  ,som cuntries lack plowmeat1  and  
som doe want cowmeat4    #ac  ,small    
commons and bare1  yelds cattell ill    
fare4    #ad  ,som common with gese1    
and shepe without flese4  ,som tits     

thither bring1  and hogs without ring4  
#ae  ,some champions agre  as waspe doth
 with be4    #af  ,get swineherd for    
hog1  but kill not with dog4  ,wher     
swineherd doth lack1  corne goeth to    
wrack4    #ag  ,all goes to the ,deuill1
  where shepherd is euill4    #ah  ,come
 home from land1  with stone in hand4   
#ai  ,man cow prouides1  ,wife dairie   
guides4    #bj  ,slut ,cisley vntaught  
hath whitemeat,e#bhc naught4    #ba     
,some bringeth in gaines1  some losse   
beside paines4    #bb  ,run ,cisse1     
fault known1#b  with more than thine    
own1  ,such ,mistris1 such ,nan1  such  
,maister1 such ,man4    ,thus endeth    
,aprils abstract1 agreing with ,aprils  
husbandrie4    99 99 99 ,in #aegg st4   
#aa is followed by sts4 #bj1 #ba1 #bb2  
then follows--    ,such ,mistres such   
,nan1  such master such man4  ,by such  
ill gestes1  poore ,cis il restes4      
,such fautes as thease  good dame will  
ease4  ,these faultes all ten1          
abhorreth all men4  ,a warning for      

,cysse  for doing amysse4    #a ,sts4   
#a-e are not in #aegg4    #b cf4 post1  
ch4 #dh1 st4 #ba4          #dh4         
,aprils husbandrie4    ,chap4 #ch4      
,swete ,april showers1  ,doo spring     
,maie flowers4    ,forgotten month past1
  ,doe now at the last4    #aa  ,in     
,cambridge shire forward to ,lincolne   
shire way1    the champion maketh his   
fallow in ,may4  ,then thinking so      
dooing one tillage woorth twaine1    by 
forcing of weede1 by that meanes to     
refraine4    #b  ,if ,april be dripping1
 then doo ,i not hate1    7for him that 
hath little7 his fallowing late1  ,else 
otherwise fallowing timelie is best1    
for sauing of cattel1 of plough and the 
rest4    #c  ,be suer of plough to be   
readie at hand1    er compas ye spred   
that on hillocks did stand3  ,least     
drieing so lieing1 doo make it decaie1  
er euer much water doo wash it awaie4   
#d  ,looke now to prouide ye of meadow  
for hay1    if fennes be vndrowned1     
there cheapest ye may4#b  ,in fen for   

the bullock1 for horse not so well1     
count best the best cheape1,e#bhd       
wheresoeuer ye dwell4    #e  ,prouide ye
 of cowmeate1 for cattel at night1      
and chiefly where commons lie far out of
 sight3  ,where cattel lie tied without 
any meat1    that profit by dairie can  
neuer be great4    ,sidenote3 ,put poles
 to your hophils4    #f  ,get into thy  
hopyard with plentie of poles1          
amongst those same hillocks deuide them 
by doles4  ,three poles to a hillock#c  
7,i pas not how long7#d    shall yeeld  
thee more profit1 set deeplie and       
strong4    ,sidenote3 ,felling of       
timber4    #g  ,sell barke to the tanner
 er timber yee fell1    cut lowe by the 
ground#e or else doo ye not well4  ,in  
breaking#f saue crooked1 for mill and   
for ships1    and euer in hewing saue   
carpenters chips4,e#bhe    #h  ,first   
see it well fenced er hewers begin1     
then see it well stadled1#g;,e#bhf      
without and within2  ,thus being        
preserued and husbandlie donne1    shall

 sooner raise profit1 to thee or thy    
sonne4    ,sidenote3 ,stadling of woods4
    #i  ,leaue growing for stadles the  
likest and best1    though seller and   
buier dispatched the rest4  ,in bushes1 
in hedgerowe1 in groue1 and in wood1    
this lesson obserued is needfull and    
good4    #aj  ,saue elme1 ash and       
crabtree1 for cart and for plough1      
saue step for a stile1 of the crotch of 
the bough4  ,saue hazel for forks1 saue 
sallow for rake1    saue huluer#h and   
thorne1 thereof flaile for to make4     
,sidenote3 ,discharge thy woods4    #aa 
,make riddance of carriage1 er yeere go 
about1    for spoiling of plant that is 
newlie come out4  ,to carter 7with oxen7
 this message ,i bring1    leaue oxen   
abrode#i for anoieng the spring4,e#bhg  
#abaj  ,allowance of fodder some        
countries doo yeeld1    as good for the 
cattel as haie in the feeld4  ,some mowe
 vp their hedlonds#aa and plots among   
corne1    and driuen to leaue nothing1  
vnmowne1 or vnshorne4    #ac  ,some     

commons are barren1 the nature is such1 
and some ouer laieth the common too     
much4  ,the pestered commons small      
profit doth geeue1    and profit as     
little some reape ,i beleeue4    #ad    
,some pester the commons1 with iades and
 with geese1    with hog without ring   
and with sheepe without fleese4  ,some  
lose a daie labour with seeking their   
owne1    some meet with a bootie they   
would not haue knowne4,e#bhh    #ae     
,great troubles and losses the champion 
sees1#ab    and euer in brauling1 as    
wasps among bees3  ,as charitie that    
waie appeereth but small1    so lesse be
 their winnings1 or nothing at all4     
#af  ,where champion wanteth,e#bhi a    
swineherd for hog1    there many        
complaineth of naughtie mans dog4       
,where ech his owne keeper appoints     
without care1    there corne is         
destroied er men be aware4    #ag  ,the 
land is well harted with helpe of the   
fold1    for one or two crops1 if so    
long it will hold4  ,if shepherd would  

keepe them from stroieng of corne1      
the walke of his sheepe might the better
 be borne4    #ah  ,where stones be too 
manie1 annoieng thy land1    make       
seruant come home with a stone in his   
hand4  ,by daily so dooing1 haue plentie
 yee shall1    both handsome for pauing 
and good for a wall4    ,sidenote3      
,dairie matters4    #ai  ,from ,april   
beginning1 till ,andrew be past1    so  
long with good huswife1 hir dairie doth 
last4  ,good milchcow and pasture1 good 
husbands prouide1    the resdue good    
huswiues knowes best how to guide4      
,sidenote3  ,ill huswiferie4    #bj     
,ill huswife vnskilful to make hir owne 
chees1    through trusting of others    
hath this for hir fees4  ,her milke pan 
and creame pot1 so slabbered and sost1  
that butter is wanting and cheese is    
halfe lost4    ,sidenote3     #ba       
,where some of a cow doo raise yeerelie 
a pound1    with such seelie huswiues no
 penie is found4  ,then dairie maid     
7,cisley7 hir fault being knowne1       

away apace trudgeth1 with more than hir 
owne4    ,sidenote3  ,ill huswiues      
saiengs4    #bb  ,then neighbour1 for   
,gods sake1 if any you see1    good     
seruant for dairie house1 waine#ac her  
to mee4,e#bij  ,such maister such       
man1,e#bia and such mistris such maid1  
such husband and huswife1 such houses   
araid4#ad    #a ,sts4 #a-e are not in   
#aegg4    #b ,now ye may see what medows
 are well laid up1 and what not1 and    
accordingly chuse your ground4--,t4,r4  
#c ,i suppose in our ,author's time they
 made the ,hills less than they  do     
now4--,t4,r4 #agaj4    #d ,overpoling   
7especially in height7 is worse than    
underpoling4--,t4,r4    #e ,six inches  
at the but may be more worth than two   
foot in another  part4--,t4,r4    #f    
,sawing out2 it being called breaking-up
 by workmen in those parts  near where  
our ,author lived4--,t4,r4    #g ,to    
stadle a ,wood is to leave at certain   
distances a sufficient  number of young 
,trees to replenish it4--,t4,r4    #h or

 ,holly 444 heavy enough for flail      
swingels4--,t4,r4    #i ,t4,r4 reads    
leave not oxe abroad1 and explains      
spring to mean the  young buds of felled
 underwood4    #aj ,sts4 #ab to #ah are 
not in #aegg4    #aa ,the laying of     
headlands for grass is frequently used  
in ,norfolk  to this day4--,t4,r4 #agaj4
    #ab ,our ,author liv'd in the       
,reigns of ,king ,henry the ,eighth1    
,king  ,edward the ,sixth1 ,queen ,mary 
and ,queen ,elizabeth3 during which time
  there were several commotions about   
the taking in of ,common ,field         
,land4444 ,the greatest part of the     
privileges of ,common ,fields1  etc41   
are but so many privileges to wrong and 
quarrel with their  neighbours4--,t4,r4 
#ac waynes1 #aegc 7,m472 wayne4 #aegg   
#ad and house is araid4 #aegc 7,m472    
such houses arayde4 #aegg4          #di4
     ,a lesson for dairie maid ,cisley1 
of ten toppings gests4,e#bib      7a7   
,as wife that will    good husband      
plese1  ,must shun with skill    such   

gests as these4    7b7  ,so ,cisse that 
serues    must marke this note1  ,what  
fault deserues    a brushed cote4       
,sidenote3  ,ten toppings gests vnsent  
for4    7c7  ,gehezie1 ,lots wife1 and  
,argusses eies1,e#bic    ,tom piper1    
poore ,cobler1 and ,lazarus thies1      
,rough ,esau1 with ,mawdlin1 and        
,gentils that scrall1    ,with ,bishop  
that burneth1 thus knowe ye them all4#a 
7d7  ,these toppingly gests be in number
 but ten1  ,as welcome in dairie as     
,beares among men4  ,which being        
descried1 take heede of#b you shall1    
,for danger of after claps1 after that  
fall4    ,sidenote3  ,white and drie4   
#a  ,gehezie his sicknes was whitish and
 drie1  such cheeses1 good ,cisley1 ye  
floted#c too nie4,e#bid    ,sidenote3   
,too salt4    #b  ,leaue ,lot with her  
piller 7good ,cisley7 alone1  much      
saltnes in whitemeat is ill for the     
stone4    ,sidenote3 ,full of eies4     
#c  ,if cheeses in dairie haue ,argusses
 eies1  tell ,cisley the fault in hir   

huswiferie lies4#d;,e#bie    ,sidenote3 
,houen4    #d  ,tom ,piper hath houen   
and puffed vp cheekes1  if cheese be so 
houen1 make ,cisse to seeke             
creekes4,e#bif    ,sidenote3 ,tough4    
#e  ,poore ,cobler he tuggeth his       
leatherlie trash1  if cheese abide      
tugging1 tug ,cisley a crash4,e#big     
,sidenote3 ,full of spots4    #f  ,if   
,lazer#e so lothsome in cheese be       
espied1  let baies amend ,cisley1 or    
shift hir aside4,e#bih    ,sidenote3    
,full of heares4    #g  ,rough ,esau was
 hearie from top to the fut1  if cheese 
so appeareth1 call ,cisley a slut4,e#bii
    ,sidenote3 ,full of whey4    #h  ,as
 ,mawdlin wept1 so would ,cisley be     
drest1  for whey in hir cheeses1 not    
halfe inough prest4    ,sidenote3 ,full 
of gentils4    #i  ,if gentils be       
scrauling1 call magget the py1,e#cjj  if
 cheeses haue gentils1 at ,cisse by and 
by4    ,sidenote3 ,burnt to the pan4    
#aj  ,blesse ,cisley 7good mistris7 that
 ,bishop doth ban  for burning the milke

 of hir cheese to the pan4,e#cja    #aa 
,if thou 7so oft beaten7#f    ,amendest 
by this3    ,i will no more threaten1   
,i promise thee ,cis4    #ab  ,thus     
dairie maid ,cisley1 rehearsed ye see1  
what faults with ill huswife1 in dairie 
house bee4  ,of market abhorred1 to     
houshold a griefe1    to maister and    
mistris1 as ill as a thiefe4    ,thus   
endeth ,aprils husbandrie4    #a ,with  
bishop that turneth and burneth up all4 
#aegc 7,m47 and #aegg4    #b if4 #aegg4 
#c ,floting is taking off the           
,cream4--,t4,r4    #d ,because she did  
not work the ,curd well                 
together4--,t4,r4    #e ,an inner       
corruption4444 ,chiefly occasioned from 
their using milk  soon after            
calving4--,t4,r4    #f    ,amend so oft 
beaten    for doing amisse4 #aegg4      
#ej4     ,maies abstract4    ,chap4 #ci4
      #a  ,put lambe from eawe1  to     
milke a feawe4    #b  ,be not too bold1 
to milke and to fold4    #c  ,fiue eawes
 alow1  to euerie cow4    #d  ,shepe    

wrigling taile  hath mads without faile4
    #e  ,beat hard in the rede  where   
house hath nede4    #f  ,leaue cropping 
from ,may  to ,mihelmas day4  ,let ,iuie
 be killed1  else tre will be spilled4  
#g  ,now threshers warne  to rid the    
barne4    #h  ,be suer of hay  till     
thend of ,may4    #i  ,let shepe fill   
flanke1  where corne is too ranke4  ,in 
woodland leuer1#a  in champion neuer4   
#aj  ,to weding away1  as soone as ye   
may4    #aa  ,for corne here rede1,e#cjb
  what naughtie wede4    #ab  ,who      
weding slacketh1  good husbandrie       
lacketh4    #ac  ,sowe buck or branke1  
that smels so ranke4    #ad  ,thy branke
 go and sowe1  where barlie did growe4  
,the next crop wheat  is husbandrie     
neat4    #ae  ,sowe pescods some1  for  
haruest to come4    #af  ,sowe hemp and 
flacks1  that spinning lacks4    #ag    
,teach hop to clime1  for now it is     
time4    #ah  ,through fowles  wedes    
poore hop ill spedes4  ,cut off or crop 
superfluous hop3  ,the titters or tine  

makes hop to pine4#b    #ai  ,some      
raketh their wheat1  with rake that is  
great4  ,so titters and tine  be gotten 
out fine4    #bj  ,now#c sets doe craue 
some weding to haue4    #ba  ,now draine
 as ye like  both fen and dike4    #bb  
,watch bes in ,may1  for swarming away4 
,both now and in ,june1  marke maister  
bes tune4    #bc  ,twifallow thy land1  
least plough else stand4    #bd  ,no    
longer tarrie1  out compas to carrie4   
#be  ,where nede doth pray it1  there se
 ye lay it4    #bf  ,set ,jack and ,jone
  to gather vp stone4    #bg  ,to grasse
 with thy calues1  take nothing to      
halues4,e#cjc    #bh  ,be suer thy neat 
haue water and meat4    #bi  ,by        
tainting of ground1  destruction is     
found4    #cj  ,now carrege get  home   
fewell to fet4  ,tell fagot and billet  
for filching gillet4,e#cjd    #ca  ,in  
sommer for firing  let citie be buying4 
,marke colliers packing  least coles be 
lacking4  7,se opened sack7  for two in 
a pack4    #cb  ,let nodding patch  go  

slepe a snatch4    #cc  ,wife as#d you  
will1  now plie your still4    #cd      
,fine bazell#e sowe1  in a pot to growe4
  ,fine sedes sowe now1  before ye sawe 
how4    #ce  ,kepe ox from cow1  for    
causes ynow4    ,thus endeth ,maies     
abstract1 agreing with ,maies           
husbandrie4       ,two other short      
remembrances4      #cf  ,from bull cow  
fast  till ,crowchmas#f be past4  ,from 
heifer bul hid the  till ,lammas#g doth 
bid the4    ,here ends ,maies short     
remembrances4    99 99 99 ,sts4 #ad1    
#ae1 #ai1 are not in #aegg4    #a euer4 
#aegg4    #b now take out fine4 #aegg4  
#c ,new4 #aegg4    #d yf4 #aegg4    #e  
,bezell4 #aegg4    #f ,saint ,helens    
daie 7side note74    #g ,august 7side   
note74          #ea4    ,maies          
husbandrie4    ,chap4 #dj4      ,cold   
,maie and windie1  ,barne filleth vp    
finelie4    ,forgotten month past1  ,doe
 now at the last4    ,sidenote3 ,essex  
and ,suffolke4    #a  ,at ,philip and   
,jacob1,e#cje away with the lams    that

 thinkest to haue any milke of their    
dams4  ,at ,lammas leaue milking1 for   
feare of a thing3    least 7requiem     
ternam7 in winter they sing4            
,sidenote3 ,milking of eawes4    #b  ,to
 milke and to fold them is much to      
require1    except yee haue pasture to  
fil their desire4  ,yet manie by milking
 7such heede they doo take71    not     
hurting their bodies much profit doo    
make4    ,sidenote3     #c  ,fiue eawes 
to a cow1 make a proofe by a score1     
shall double thy dairie1 else trust me  
no more4  ,yet may a good huswife that  
knoweth the skill1    haue mixt and     
vnmixt at hir pleasure and will4    #d  
,if sheepe or thy lambe fall a wrigling 
with taile1    go by and by search it1  
whiles helpe may preuaile3  ,that       
barberlie handled,e#cjf ,i dare thee    
assure1    cast dust in his arse1 thou  
hast finisht thy cure4    #e  ,where    
houses be reeded#a 7as houses haue      
neede71    now pare off the mosse1 and  
go beat in the reed4  ,the iuster ye    

driue it1 the smoother and plaine1      
more handsome ye make it to shut off the
 raine4    ,sidenote3 ,leaue off        
cropping4    ,sidenote3 ,destroie ,iuie4
    #f  ,from ,maie til ,october leaue  
cropping1 for why8    in wood sere1     
whatsoeuer thou croppest wil dy4  ,where
 ,iuie imbraceth the tree verie sore1   
kill ,iuie1 or else tree wil addle no   
more4,e#cjg    #g  ,keepe threshing for 
thresher1 til ,maie be come in1    to   
haue to be suer fresh chaffe in the bin4
  ,and somewhat to scamble1 for hog and 
for hen1    and worke when it raineth   
for loitering men4,e#cjh    ,sidenote3  
,count store no sore4    #h  ,be sure of
 haie and of prouender some1    for     
labouring cattel til pasture be come4   
,and if ye doo mind to haue nothing to  
sterue1    haue one thing or other1 for 
all thing to serue4    #i  ,ground      
compassed wel and a following#b yeare1  
7if wheat or thy barlie too ranke doo   
appeare7  ,now eat it with sheepe or    
else mowe it ye may1    for ledging1 and

 so1 to the birds for a pray4           
,sidenote3  ,weding4    #aj  ,in ,maie  
get a weede hooke1 a crotch and a       
gloue1,e#cji    and weed out such weedes
 as the corne doth not loue3  ,for      
weeding of winter corne now it is best1 
but ,june is the better for weeding the 
rest4    ,sidenote3 ,ill weds4    #aa   
,the ,may weed doth burn,e#caj and the  
thistle doth freat1,e#caa    the        
fitchis#c pul downward1,e#cab both rie  
and the wheat4  ,the brake and the      
cockle,e#cac be noisome too much1    yet
 like vnto boddle,e#cad no weede there  
is such4    ,sidenote3     #ab  ,slack  
neuer thy weeding1 for dearth nor for   
cheape1    the corne shall reward it er 
euer ye reape4  ,and specially where ye 
doo trust for to seede1#d    let that be
 well vsed1 the better to speede4       
,sidenote3 ,sowing of branke4    #ac    
,in ,maie is good sowing1 thy buck,e#cae
 or thy branke1,e#caf    that black is  
as pepper1 and smelleth so ranke4  ,it  
is to thy land1 as a comfort or muck1   

and al thing it maketh as fat as a buck4
    #ade  ,sowe buck after barlie1 or   
after thy wheat1    a peck to a roode   
7if the measure be great72  ,three      
earthes see ye giue it1 and sowe it     
aboue1    and harrow it finelie if buck 
ye doo loue4    #ae  ,who pescods would 
gather1 to haue with the last1    to    
serue for his houshold till haruest be  
past1  ,must sowe them in ,maie1 in a   
corner ye shal1    where through so late
 growing no hindrance may fal4,e#cag    
,sidenote3  ,sowing of flax and hempe4  
#af  ,good flax and good hemp for to    
haue of hir owne1    in ,maie a good    
huswife will see it be sowne4  ,and     
afterward trim it1 to serue at a neede1 
the fimble to spin and the karl for hir 
seede4,e#cah    #ag  ,get into the      
hopyard1 for now it is time1#f    to    
teach ,robin hop on his pole how to     
clime3  ,to follow the ,sunne1 as his   
propertie is1,e#cai    and weede him and
 trim him1 if aught go amis4            
,sidenote3 ,ill neighbours to the hop4  

#ah  ,grasse1 thistle and mustard seede1
 hemlock and bur1    tine1 mallow and   
nettle1 that keepe such a stur4  ,with  
peacock and turkie1 that nibbles off    
top1    are verie ill neighbors to      
seelie poore hop4    #ai  ,from wheat go
 and rake out the titters or tine1    if
 eare be not foorth1 it will rise againe
 fine4  ,use now in thy rie1 little     
raking or none1    breake tine#g from   
his roote1 and so let it alone4,e#cbj   
,sidenote3 ,weding of quickset4    #bj  
,bankes newly quicksetted1 some weeding 
doo craue1    the kindlier nourishment  
thereby to haue4  ,then after a shower  
to weeding a snatch1    more easilie    
weede with the roote to dispatch4       
,sidenote3 ,now draine ditches4    #ba  
,the fen and the quamire1#h;,e#cba so   
marrish be kind1    and are to be       
drained1 now wine to thy mind3  ,which  
yeerelie vndrained and suffered vncut1  
annoieth the meadowes that thereon doo  
but4    ,sidenote3  ,swarming of bes4   
#bb  ,take heede to thy bees1 that are  

readie to swarme1    the losse thereof  
now is a crownes worth of harme3#i  ,let
 skilfull be readie and diligence seene1
    least being too careles1 thou losest
 thy beene4    ,sidenote3 ,twifallowing4
    #bc  ,in ,maie at the furthest1     
twifallow thy land1    much drout may   
else after cause plough for to stand3   
,this tilth being done1 ye haue passed  
the wurst1    then after who ploweth1   
plow thou with the furst4    ,sidenote3 
,carie out compas4    #bd  ,twifallow   
once ended1 get tumbrell and man1    and
 compas that fallow as soone as ye can4 
,let skilfull bestow it1 where neede is 
vpon1    more profit the sooner to      
follow#aj thereon4    #be  ,hide        
hedlonds with muck1 if ye will to the   
knees1    so dripped and shadowd with   
bushes and trees3,e#cbb  ,bare plots    
full of galles1#aa if ye plow           
ouerthwart1    and compas it then1 is a 
husbandlie part4    #bf  ,let children  
be hired1 to lay to their bones1    from
 fallow as needeth to gather vp stones4 

,what wisedome for profit aduiseth vnto1
    that husband and huswife must       
willingly do4    ,sidenote3 ,forth to   
grasse with thy calues4    #bg  ,to gras
 with thy calues in some medow plot     
nere1    where neither their mothers may
 see them nor here4  ,where water is    
plentie and barth to sit warme1    and  
looke well vnto them1 for taking of     
harme4    ,sidenote3 ,let not cattel    
want water4    #bh  ,pinch neuer thy    
wennels of water or meat1    if euer ye 
hope for to haue them good neat3  ,in   
,sommer time dailie1 in ,winter in      
frost1    if cattel lack drinke1 they be
 vtterly lost4    ,sidenote3 ,ouerlay   
not thy pastures4    #bi  ,for coueting 
much ouerlay not thy ground1    and then
 shall thy cattel be lustie and sound4  
,but pinch them of pasture1 while       
,sommer doth last1    and lift at their 
tailes er an ,winter be past4,e#cbc     
,sidenote3 ,get home thy fewel4    #cj  
,get home with thy fewell1 made readie  
to fet1    the sooner the easier carrege

 to get3  ,or otherwise linger the      
carrege thereon1    till 7where as ye   
left it7 a quarter be gon4    ,sidenote3
 ,husbandrie for ,citizens4    #ca  ,his
 firing in ,sommer1 let ,citizen buie1  
least buieng in ,winter make purse for  
to crie4  ,for carman and collier harps 
both on a string1    in ,winter they    
cast to be with thee to bring4#ab       
,sidenote3 ,sleping time4,e#cbd    #cb  
,from ,maie to mid ,august1 an hower or 
two1    let patch,e#cbe sleepe a snatch1
 how soeuer ye do1  ,though sleeping one
 hower refresheth his song1    yet trust
 not hob growthed,e#cbf for sleeping too
 long4    ,sidenote3  ,stilling of      
herbes4    #cc  ,the knowledge of       
stilling is one pretie feat1    ,the    
waters be holesome1 the charges not     
great4,e#cbg  ,what timelie thou        
gettest1 while ,sommer doth last1       
thinke ,winter will helpe thee1 to spend
 it as fast4    ,sidenote3     #cd      
,fine bazell desireth it may be hir lot1
    to growe as the gilloflower1 trim in

 a pot1  ,that ladies and gentils1 for  
whom she doth serue1    may helpe hir as
 needeth1 poore life to preserue4#ac    
#ce  ,keepe oxe fro thy cow that to     
profit would go1    least cow be        
deceiued by oxe dooing so3  ,and thou   
recompenced for suffering the same1     
with want of a calfe and a cow to wax   
lame4    ,thus endeth ,maies husbandrie4
    #a ,reeding is no where so well done
 as in ,norfolk and ,suffolk4444 ,it    
will bear a better slope than any other 
thatch4--,t4,r4    #b ,see footnote #aj1
 below4    #c or1 as some call it1 the  
,tine-tare4--,t4,r4    #d to for seed4  
#aegg4    #e ,sts4 #ad and #ae are not  
in #aegg4    #f ,i am told that #bjs4 an
 acre is the common ,price for looking  
after a hop ground4--,t4,r4    #g       
,misprinted time4    #h quamer4 #aegg4  
#i ,the ,proverb says1 ',a ,swarm in    
,may is worth a ,load of ,hay4'--,t4,r4 
#agaj4 ,mavor says a swarm might fetch  
#aes4 in his time 7#ahab74    #aj ,the  
author of ,tusser ,redivivus and ,mavor 

prefer fallow2 though  ,m4 says that all
 standard editions read follow4 ,cf4 st4
 #i1 above4    #aa gales4 #aegg4    #ab 
,in our ,author's time1 and not long    
since1 the ,yarmouth and  ,ipswich      
,colliers were laid up in the ,winter1  
and then the ,spring ,market  was always
 dearest4--,t4,r4    #ac ,most people   
stroak ,garden ,basil1 which leaves a   
grateful ,smell  on the ,hand2 and he   
will have it1 that such stroaking from a
 fair lady  preserves the life of the   
,basil4--,t4,r4          #eb4     ,junes
 abstract4    ,chap4 #da4      #a  ,wash
 shep for to share1  that shepe may go  
bare4    #b  ,though flese ye take1  no 
patches make4    #c  ,share lambes no   
whit1  or share not yit4    #d  ,if     
meadow be growne1  let meadow be mowne4 
#e  ,plough early ye may1  and then     
carrie hay4    #f  ,tis good to be      
knowne1  to haue all of thine owne4     
,who goeth a borrowing1  goeth a        
sorrowing4,e#cbh    #g  ,se cart in     
plight1  and all things right4    #h    

,make drie ouer hed1  both houell and   
shed4    #i  ,of houell make stack1  for
 pease on his back4    #aja  ,in        
champion some1  wants elbow rome4    #aa
  ,let wheat and rie1  in house lie     
drie4    #ab  ,buie turfe and sedge1  or
 else breake hedge4    #ac  ,good store 
howse nedfull  well ordred spedfull4    
#ad  ,thy barnes repaire1  make flower#b
 faire4    #ae  ,such shrubs as noie1   
in sommer destroie4    #af  ,swinge     
brembles  brakes1,e#cbi  get forkes and 
rakes4    #ag  ,spare hedlonds#c some1  
till haruest come4    #ah  ,cast ditch  
and pond1  to lay vpon lond4    ,a      
lesson of hopyard4    #ai  ,where hops  
will growe1  here learne to knowe4      
,hops many will coome1  in a roode of   
roome4    #bj  ,hops hate the land1     
with grauell and sand4    #ba  ,the     
rotten mold  for hop is worth gold4     
#bb  ,the sunne southwest  for hopyard  
is best4    #bc  ,hop plot once found1  
now dig the ground4    #bd  ,hops       
fauoreth malt1  hops thrift doth exalt3 

,of hops more rede1  as time shall nede4
    ,thus endeth ,junes abstract1       
agreeing with ,junes husbandrie4    #a  
,sts4 #aj-ab are omitted in #aegg4    #b
 ,query1 floor4    #c hedlong4 #aegg4   
#ec4     ,junes husbandrie4    ,chap4   
#db4      ,calme weather in ,june       
,corne sets in time4    ,forgotten month
 past1  ,doe now at the last4           
,sidenote3 ,shepe sharing4    #a  ,wash 
sheepe 7for the better7 where water doth
 run1    and let him go cleanly and drie
 in the sun4  ,then share him and spare 
not1 at two daies an end1    ,the sooner
 the better his corps will amend4,e#ccj 
,sidenote3 ,beware of euill shepe       
shearers4    #b  ,reward not thy sheepe 
7when ye take off his cote7    with     
twitchis and patches1 as brode as a     
grote4,e#cca  ,let not such             
vngentlenesse happen to thine1    least 
flie with hir gentils doo make it to    
pine4    ,sidenote3 ,sheare lambes in   
,julie4    #c  ,let lambes go vnclipped1
 till ,june be halfe worne1    the      

better the fleeses will growe to be     
shorne4  ,the ,pie will discharge thee  
for pulling the rest3,e#ccb    the      
lighter the sheepe is1 then feedeth it  
best4    ,sidenote3 ,mowing time4    #d 
,if meadow be forward1 be mowing of     
some2    but mowe as the makers may well
 ouercome3,e#ccc  ,take heede to the    
weather1 the wind and the skie1    if   
danger approcheth1 then cock apace,e#ccd
 crie4    #e  ,plough earlie till ten a 
clock1 then to thy hay1    in plowing   
and carting1 so profit ye may4  ,by     
little and little1 thus dooing ye win3  
that plough shall not hinder when       
haruest comes in4,e#cce    #f  ,prouide 
of thine owne to haue all things at     
hand1    least worke and the workman    
vnoccupide stand4  ,loue seldome to     
borowe that thinkest to saue1    for he 
that once lendeth twise looketh to      
haue4,e#ccf    ,sidenote3 ,trim well thy
 carts4    #g  ,let cart be well        
searched without and within1    well    
clouted and greased1 er hay time begin4 

,thy hay being carried1 though carter   
had sworne1    carts bottome well       
boorded is sauing of corne4    #h  ,good
 husbands that laie to saue all things  
vpright1    for tumbrels and cart1 haue 
a shed readie dight4  ,where vnder the  
hog may in winter lie warme3   to stand 
so enclosed1 as wind doo no harme4      
,sidenote3 ,a houell is set vpon        
crotches#a and couered  with poles and  
strawe4    #i  ,so likewise a houell    
will serue for a roome1    to stack on  
the peason1 when haruest shall coome4   
,and serue thee in winter1 more ouer    
than that1    to shut vp thy porklings  
thou mindest to fat4    #ajb  ,some     
barnroome haue little1 and yardroome as 
much1    yet corne in the field         
appertaineth to such3  ,then houels and 
rikes they are forced to make1    abrode
 or at home for necessities sake4    #aa
  ,make sure of breadcorne 7of all other
 graine71    lie drie and well looked   
to1 for mouse and for raine4  ,though   
fitchis and pease1 and such other as    

they1    7for pestring too much7 on a   
houell ye ley4    #ab  ,with whinnes or 
with furzes thy houell renew1    for    
turfe or for sedge1 for to bake and to  
brew3  ,for charcole and sea cole1 as   
also for thacke1    for tallwood and    
billet1 as yeerlie ye lacke4            
,sidenote3 ,the husbandlie storhouse4   
#ac  ,what husbandlie husbands1 except  
they be fooles1    but handsome haue    
storehouse1 for trinkets and tooles3    
,and all in good order1 fast locked to  
ly1    what euer is needfull1 to find by
 and by4    #ad  ,thy houses and barnes 
would be looked vpon1    and all things 
amended er haruest come on4  ,things    
thus set in order1 in quiet and rest1   
shall further thy haruest and pleasure  
thee best4    #ae  ,the bushes and      
thorne with the shrubs that do noy1     
in woodsere#c;,e#ccg or sommer cut downe
 to destroy3  ,but where as decay to the
 tree ye will none1    for danger in    
woodsere1 let hacking alone4            
,sidenote3 ,mowe downe brakes and       

meadow4    #af  ,at ,midsommer1 downe   
with the brembles and brakes1    and    
after1 abrode with thy forks and thy    
rakes3  ,set mowers a mowing1 where     
meadow is growne1    the longer now     
standing the worse to be mowne4         
,sidenote3 ,mowe hedlonds at haruest or 
after in the  seueral fields4    #ag    
,now downe with the grasse vpon hedlonds
 about1    that groweth in shadow1 so   
ranke and so stout4  ,but grasse vpon   
hedlond of barlie and pease1    when    
haruest is ended1 go mowe if ye please4 
#ah  ,such muddie deepe ditches1 and    
pits in the feeld1    that all a drie   
sommer no water will yeeld1  ,by        
fieing,e#cch and casting that mud vpon  
heapes1    commodities many the         
husbandman reapes4      ,a lesson where 
and when to plant good ,hopyard4        
#ai  ,whome fancie persuadeth1 among    
other crops1    to haue for his         
spending1 sufficient of hops1,e#cci     
,must willinglie follow1 of choises to  
chuse1    such lessons approoued1 as    

skilfull doo vse4    ,sidenote3 ,naught 
for hops4    #bj  ,ground grauellie1    
sandie1 and mixed with clay1    is      
naughtie for hops any maner of way2  ,or
 if it be mingled with rubbish and      
stone1    for drines and barrennes1 let 
it alone4    ,sidenote3 ,good for hops4 
#ba  ,choose soile for the hop of the   
rottenest mould1    well doonged and    
wrought1 as a garden plot should  ,not  
far from the water 7but not ouerflowne7 
this lesson well noted is meete to be   
knowne4    #bb  ,the ,sunne in the      
south1 or else southly and west1    is  
ioy to the hop1 as a welcomed gest2     
,but wind in the north1 or else northly 
east1    to hop is as ill as a fraie in 
a feast4    ,sidenote3 ,now dig thy new 
hop ground4    #bc  ,meete plot for a   
hopyard once found as is told1    make  
thereof account1 as of iewell of gold4  
,now dig it and leaue it1 the ,sunne for
 to burne1    and afterward fence it1 to
 serue for that turne4    ,sidenote3    
,the praise of hops4    #bd  ,the hop   

for his profit ,i thus doo exalt1    it 
strengtheneth drinke1 and it fauoreth   
malt4  ,and being well brewed1 long kept
 it will last1    and drawing abide1 if 
ye drawe not too fast4    #a forked     
posts4--,t4,r4    #b ,sts4 #aj-ab are   
omitted in #aegg4    #c goodsere4 #aegg4
          #ed4     ,julies abstract4    
,chap4 #dc4      #a  ,go sirs and away1 
to ted and make hay4  ,if stormes drawes
 nie1  then cock apace crie4    #b  ,let
 hay still bide1  till well it be dride4
  7,hay made7 away carrie1  no longer   
then tarrie4    #c  ,who best way       
titheth1  he best way thriueth4    #d   
,two good hay makers  woorth twentie    
crakers4    #e  ,let dallops#a about  be
 mowne and had out4  ,se hay doo looke  
grene1  se feld ye rake clene4    #f    
,thry fallow ,i pray the1  least        
thistles bewray the4    #g  ,cut off1   
good wife1  ripe beane with a knife4    
#h  ,ripe hempe out cull1  from karle to
 pull4  ,let sede hempe growe1  till    
more ye knowe4    #i  ,drie flax get in1

  for spinners#b to spin4  ,now mowe#c  
or pluck  thy branke or buck4    #aj    
,some wormewood saue1  for ,march to    
haue4    #aa  ,mark ,physick true1  of  
wormewood and rue4#d  ,get grist to the 
mill1  for wanting at will4,e#cdj       
,thus endeth ,julies abstract1 agreing  
with ,julies husbandrie4    #a dalors4  
#aegg4    #b mayde4 #aegg4    #c ,go    
reape4 #aegg4    #d    ,some woormwood  
saue  for ,march to haue4 #aegg4        
#ee4     ,julies husbandrie4    ,chap4  
#dd4      ,no tempest1 good ,julie1     
,least corne lookes rulie4    ,forgotten
 month past1  ,doe now at the last4     
,sidenote3 ,hay haruest4    #a  ,go     
muster thy seruants1 be captaine thy    
selfe1    prouiding them weapon and     
other like pelfe4  ,get bottles and     
walletts1 keepe field in the heat1      
the feare is as much1 as the danger is  
great4    #b  ,with tossing and raking  
and setting on cox1    grasse latelie in
 swathes is hay for an ox3,e#cda  ,that 
done1 go and cart it and haue it away1  

the battel is fought1 ye haue gotten the
 day4    ,sidenote3 ,pay thy tithes4    
#c  ,pay iustly thy tithes whatsoeuer   
thou bee1    that ,god may in blessing  
send foison to thee4  ,though ,vicar#a  
be bad1 or the ,parson as euill1    go  
not for thy tithing thy selfe to the    
,deuill4    #d  ,let hay be well made1  
or auise else auouse1,e#cdb    for      
molding in goef1#b or of firing the     
house4  ,lay coursest aside for the ox  
and the cow1    the finest for sheepe   
and thy gelding alow4    #e  ,then downe
 with the hedlonds1 that groweth about1 
leaue neuer a dallop vnmowne and had    
out4  ,though grasse be but thin1 about 
barlie and pease1    yet picked vp      
cleane ye shall find therein ease4      
,sidenote3 ,thry fallowing4    #f  ,thry
 fallow,e#cdc betime1 for destroieng of 
weede1    least thistle and duck#c fall 
a blooming and seede1  ,such season may 
chance1 it shall stand thee vpon1    to 
till it againe1 er an ,sommer be gon4   
,sidenote3  ,gathering of garden beanes4

    #g  ,not rent#d off1 but cut off1   
ripe beane with a knife1    for         
hindering stalke of hir vegetiue life4  
,so gather the lowest1 and leaning the  
top1    shall teach thee a trick1 for to
 double thy crop4,e#cdd    ,sidenote3   
,gather yellow hempe4    #h  ,wife1     
pluck fro thy seed hemp the fiemble hemp
 clene1    this looketh more yellow1 the
 other more grene3  ,vse ton for thy    
spinning1 leaue ,mihel the tother1      
for shoo thred and halter1 for rope and 
such other4,e#cde    ,sidenote3     #ie 
,now pluck vp thy flax1 for the maidens 
to spin1    first see it dried1 and     
timelie got in4  ,and mowe vp thy       
branke1 and away with it drie1    and   
howse it vp close1 out of danger to lie4
    ,sidenote3  ,wormewood get against  
fleas and infection4    #aj  ,while     
wormwood,e#cdf hath seed1 get a handful 
or twaine1    to saue against ,march to 
make flea to refraine3  ,where chamber  
is sweeped1 and wormwood is strowne1    
no flea for his life dare abide to be   

knowne4    #aaf  ,what sauer is better  
7if physick be true71    for places     
infected1 than wormwood and rue4  ,it is
 as a comfort for hart and the braine1  
and therefore to haue it1 it is not in  
vaine4    ,sidenote3  ,be sure of bread 
and drinke for haruest4    #ab  ,get    
grist to the mill1 to haue plentie in   
store1    least miller lack water1 as   
many doo more4,e#cdg  ,the meale the    
more yeeldeth1 if seruant be true1      
and miller that tolleth1 take none but  
his due4    ,thus endeth ,julies        
husbandrie4    #a curat4 #aegg4    #b   
mow4 #afad4    #c dock4 #aegg4    #d    
rend4 #aegc 7,m471 #aegg4    #e ,st4 #i 
wanting in #aegg4    #f ,st4 #aa wanting
 in #aegg4          #ef4     ,augusts   
abstract4    ,chap4 #de4      #a  ,thry 
fallowing won1  get compassing don4     
#b  ,in ,june and in ,awe  swinge brakes
 7for a lawe74    #c  ,pare saffron     
plot1  forget it not4  ,his dwelling    
made trim1  looke shortly for him3      
,when haruest is gon1  then saffron     

comes on4    #d  ,a little of ground    
brings saffron a pound4  ,the pleasure  
is fine1  the profit is thine4  ,kepe   
colour in drieng1  well vsed woorth     
buieng4    #ea  ,maids1 mustard sed     
reape1  and laie on a heape4    #f      
,good neighbors in dede1  change sede   
for sede4    #g  ,now strike vp drum1#b 
cum haruest man cum4  ,take paine for a 
gaine1  one knaue mars twaine4,e#cdh    
#h  ,reape corne by the day1#c  least   
corne doo decay4  ,by great is the      
cheaper1  if trustie were reaper4    #i 
,blowe horne for sleapers1  and chere vp
 thy reapers4#d    #aj  ,well dooings   
who loueth1  thes haruest points        
proueth4    #aa  ,paie ,gods part furst1
  and not of the wurst4,e#cdi    #ab    
,now ,parson 7,i say71#e  tith carrie   
away4    #ac  ,kepe cart gap wele1      
scare hog from whele4    #adf  ,mowe    
hawme to burne1  to serue thy turne3    
,to bake thy bread1  to burne vnder     
lead4    #ae  ,mowne hawme being dry1   
no longer let ly4  ,get home thy hawme1 

whilst weather is cawme4    #af  ,mowne 
barlie lesse cost1  ill mowne much lost4
    #ag  ,reape barlie with sickle1     
that lies in ill pickle4#g  ,let grenest
 stand1  for making of band4  ,bands    
made without dew1  will hold but a few4 
#ah  ,laie band#h to find her1  two     
rakes#i to a binder4    #ai  ,rake after
 sieth1  and pay thy tieth4  ,corne     
carried all1  then rake it ye shall4    
#bj  ,let shock take sweate1  least gofe
 take heate4  ,yet it is best reason1   
to take it in season4,e#cej    #ba      
,more often ye turne1  more pease ye out
 spurne4  ,yet winnow them in1  er      
carrege begin4    #bb  ,thy carting     
plie1  while weather is drie4    #bc    
,bid gouing 7clim7#aj  goue iust and    
trim4  ,laie wheat for sede1  to come by
 at nede4  ,sede barelie cast1  to      
thresh out last4    #bd  ,lay pease vpon
 stacke1  if houell ye lack4  ,and couer
 it straight1  from doues that waight4  
#be  ,let gleaners gleane1  7the poore  
,i meane74  ,which euer ye sowe1  that  

first eate lowe4  ,the other forbare1   
for rowen#aa to spare4    #bf  ,come    
home lord singing1  com home#ab corne   
bringing4,e#cea  ,tis merie in hall1    
when#ac beards wag all4,e#ceb    #bg    
,once had thy desire1  pay workman his  
hire4  ,let none be beguilde1  man1     
woman1 nor childe4    #bh  ,thanke      
,god#ad ye shall1  and adue for all4    
,works after haruest4#ae      #bi  ,get 
tumbrell in hand1  for barlie land4     
#cj  ,the better the muck1  the better  
good luck4    #ca  ,still carrege is    
good1  for timber and wood4  ,no longer 
delaies1  to mend the high waies4    #cb
  ,some loue as a iewell1  well placing 
of fewell4    #cc  ,in piling of logs1  
make houell for hogs4    #cd  ,wife1    
plow doth crie1  to picking of rie4     
#ce  ,such sede as ye sowe1  such reape 
or else mowe4    #cf  ,take shipping or 
ride1  ,lent stuffe to prouide4    #cg  
,let haberden lie1  in peasestraw drie4 
#ch  ,when out ye ride1  leaue a good   
guide4    #ci  ,some profit spie out1   

by riding about4  ,marke now1 thorow    
yere1  what cheape1 what dere4    #dj   
,some skill doth well  to buie and to   
sell4  ,of thefe who bieth1  in danger  
lieth4    #da  ,commoditie knowne1      
abrode is blowne4    #db  ,at first hand
 bie1  at third let lie4    #dc  ,haue  
monie prest1  to buie at the best4      
#dd  ,some cattle home bring1  for      
,mihelmas spring4,e#cec  ,by hauke and  
hound1  small profit is found4    #de   
,dispatch1 looke home1  to loitring     
mome4  ,prouide or repent1  milch cow   
for ,lent4    #df  ,now crone#af your   
sheepe1  fat those ye kepe4  ,leaue     
milking old cow1  fat aged vp now4      
#dg  ,sell butter and chese1  good      
,faires few lese4  ,at ,faires go bie1  
home wants to supplie4    #dh  ,if hops 
looke browne1  go gather them downe4    
,but not in the deaw1  for piddling with
 feaw4    #di  ,of hops this knack1  a  
meanie doo lack4#ag  ,once had thy      
will1#ah  go couer his hill4    #ej     
,take hop to thy dole1  but breake not  

his pole4    #ea  ,learne here 7thou    
stranger7  to frame hop manger4    #eb  
,hop poles preserue1  againe to serue4  
,hop poles by and by1  long safe vp to  
dry4  ,least poles wax scant1  new poles
 go plant4#ai    #ec  ,the hop kell     
dride1  will best abide4  ,hops dried in
 loft1  aske tendance oft4  ,and shed   
their sedes1  much more than nedes4#bj  
#ed  ,hops dride small cost1  ill kept  
halfe lost4  ,hops quickly#ba be spilt1 
take hede if thou wilt4    #ee  ,some   
come1 some go1  ,this life is so4       
,thus endeth ,augusts abstract1 agreing 
with ,augusts husbandrie4    99 99 99   
,stanza #dg is st4 #di in ,septembers   
,abstract in #aegg2 st4 #dh is #ej1     
second couplet reads--    ,but not in a 
deawe1  nor pidling with feawe4 #aegg4  
#a ,sts4 #e1 #f are wanting in #aegg4   
#b droom4 #aegg4    #c ,get reapers by  
day4 #aegg4    #d giue gloues to1 etc4  
#aegc 7,m47 and #aegg4    #e ,that      
parson may4 #aegg4    #f ,sts4 #ad1 #ae1
 are wanting in #aegg4    #g    ,reape  

barley with hand1  that will not stand4 
#aegg4    #h hand4 #aegg4    #i rakers4 
#aegg4    #aj ,in #aegg1 ,bid goeuing   
clim4 ,query1 abbreviation for ,clement4
    #aa rewen4 #aegg4    #ab cart4 #aegc
 7,m471 #aegg4    #ac let4 #aegg4    #ad
 so4 #aegg4    #ae ,the ,works after    
,haruest are not in editions previous to
 #aehj 7,m474  ,but stanzas #dg and #dh 
are in ,septembers ,abstract4           
#aegg4--;,ed4    #af i4e4 pick out the  
crones4--,t4,r41 but cf4 ,glossary4     
#ag put in thy pack4 #aegg4    #ah fyll4
 #aegg4    #ai ley new to plant4 #aegg4 
#bj ,the third couplet is omitted in    
#aegg4    #ba soone4 #aegg4             
#eg4     ,augusts husbandrie4    ,chap4 
#df4      ,dry ,august and warme1  ,doth
 haruest no harme4    ,forgotten month  
past  ,doe now at the last4             
,sidenote3 ,thry fallowing4    #a  ,thry
 fallow once ended1 go strike by and by1
    both wheat land and barlie1 and so  
let it ly4  ,and as ye haue leisure1 go 
compas the same1    when vp ye doo lay  

it1 more fruitfull to frame4            
,sidenote3 ,mowing of brakes4    #b     
,get downe with thy brakes1 er an       
showers doo come1    that cattle the    
better may pasture haue some4  ,in ,june
 and in ,august1 as well doth appeere1  
is best to mowe brakes1 of all times in 
the yeere4    ,sidenote3 ,paring of     
saffron4    #c  ,pare saffron,e#ced     
betweene the two ,s4 ,maries            
daies1,e#cee    or set or go shift it1  
that knowest the waies4  ,what yeere    
shall ,i doo it 7more profit to yeeld87 
the fourth in garden1 the third in the  
feeld4    ,sidenote3  ,huswiferie4    #d
  ,in hauing but fortie foote workmanly 
dight1    take saffron ynough for a     
,lord and a knight4  ,all winter time   
alter#a as practise doth teach1    what 
plot haue ye better1 for linnen to      
bleach4#b    ,sidenote3     #ec         
,maides1 mustard seede gather1 for being
 too ripe1,e#cef    and weather it well1
 er ye giue it a stripe3#d  ,then dresse
 it and laie it in soller vp sweete1    

least foistines make it for table       
vnmeete4    ,sidenote3     #fe  ,good   
huswifes in sommer will saue their owne 
seedes1    against the next yeere1 as   
occasion needes4  ,one seede for        
another1 to make an exchange1    with   
fellowlie neighbourhood seemeth not     
strange4    ,sidenote3 ,corne harvest4  
#g  ,make sure of reapers1 get haruest  
in hand1    the corne that is ripe1     
doo#f but shed as it stand4  ,be        
thankfull to ,god1 for his benefits     
sent1    and willing to saue it with    
earnest intent4    ,sidenote3 ,champion 
by great1 the other by day4    #h  ,to  
let out thy haruest1 by great#g or by   
day1    let this by experience leade    
thee a way4  ,by great will deceiue     
thee1 with lingring it out1    by day   
will dispatch1 and put all out of       
dout4,e#ceg    #i  ,grant haruest       
lord#h;,e#ceh more by a penie or twoo1  
to call on his fellowes the better to   
doo3  ,giue gloues to thy reapers1#i a  
larges,e#cei to crie1    and dailie to  

loiterers haue a good eie4    ,sidenote3
 ,good haruest points4    #aj  ,reape   
wel1 scatter not1 gather cleane that is 
shorne1    binde fast1 shock apace1 haue
 an eie to thy corne4  ,lode safe1      
carrie home1 follow time being faire1   
goue iust in the barne1 it is out of    
despaire4    #aaaj  ,tithe dulie and    
trulie1 with hartie good will1    that  
,god and his blessing may dwell with    
thee still3  ,though ,parson neglecteth 
his dutie for this1    thanke thou thy  
,lord ,god1 and giue erie man his4      
,sidenote3 ,parson looke to thy tithe4  
#ab  ,corne tithed 7sir ,parson7 to     
gather go get1    and cause it on shocks
 to be by and by set3  ,not leauing it  
scattering abrode on the ground1    nor 
long in the field1 but away with it     
round4    ,sidenote3 ,kepe hog from cart
 whele4    #ac  ,to cart gap and barne1 
set a guide to looke weele1    and hoy  
out 7sir carter7 the hog fro thy wheele3
  ,least greedie of feeding1 in         
following cart1    it noieth or         

perisheth1 spight of thy hart4    #ad   
,in champion countrie a pleasure they   
take1    to mowe vp their hawme1 for to 
brew and to bake4  ,and also it stands  
them in steade of their thack1    which 
being well inned1 they cannot well lack4
    #ae  ,the hawme is the strawe of the
 wheat or the rie1    which once being  
reaped1 they mowe by and bie3  ,for     
feare of destroieng with cattle or      
raine1    the sooner ye lode it1 more   
profit ye gaine4    ,sidenote3 ,mowing  
of barlie4    #af  ,the mowing of       
barlie1 if barlie doo stand1    is      
cheapest and best1 for to rid out of    
hand3,e#cfj  ,some mowe it and rake it1 
and sets it on cocks1    some mowe it   
and binds it1 and sets it on shocks4    
,sidenote3 ,binding of barlie4    #ag   
,of barlie the longest and greenest ye  
find1    leaue standing by              
dallops1,e#cfa till time ye doo bind3   
,then early in morning 7while deaw is   
thereon71    to making of bands till the
 deaw be all gon4    ,sidenote3         

,spreading of barlie bands4             
,sidenote3     #ah  ,one spreadeth those
 bands1 so in order to ly1    as barlie 
7in swatches7 may fill it thereby3      
,which gathered vp1 with the rake and   
the hand1    the follower after them    
bindeth in band4    ,sidenote3 ,tithe of
 rakings4    #ai  ,where barlie is raked
 7if dealing be true71    the tenth of  
such raking to ,parson is due3  ,where  
scatring of barlie is seene to be much1 
there custome nor conscience tithing    
should gruch4#aa    #bj  ,corne being   
had downe 7any way ye alow71    should  
wither as needeth1 for burning in mow3  
,such skill appertaineth to haruest mans
 art1    and taken in time is a         
husbandly part4    ,sidenote3 ,usage of 
peason4    #ba  ,no turning of peason   
till carrege ye make1    nor turne in no
 more1 than ye mind for to take3  ,least
 beaten with showers so turned to drie1 
by turning and tossing they shed as they
 lie4    ,sidenote3 ,lingring ,lubbers4 
#bb  ,if weather be faire1 and          

tidie#ab;,e#cfb thy graine1    make     
speedily carrege1 for feare of a raine3 
,for tempest and showers deceiueth a    
menie1    and lingering lubbers loose   
many a penie4    ,sidenote3 ,best maner 
of gouing corn in the barn4    #bc  ,in 
gouing at haruest1 learne skilfully how 
ech graine for to laie1 by it selfe on a
 mow3  ,seede barlie the purest1 goue   
out of the way1    all other nigh hand  
goue as just as ye may4    ,sidenote3   
,pease stack4    #bd  ,stack pease vpon 
houell abrode in the yard1    to couer  
it quicklie1 let owner regard3  ,least  
,doue and the cadow1 there finding a    
smack1,e#cfc    with ill stormie weather
 doo perish,e#cfd thy stack4            
,sidenote3 ,leaue gleaning for the      
poore4    #be  ,corne carred1 let such  
as be poore go and gleane1    and after1
 thy cattle to mowth it vp cleane4      
,then spare it for rowen1 till ,mihel be
 past1    to lengthen,e#cfe thy dairie  
no better thou hast4    #bf  ,in haruest
 time1 haruest folke1 seruants and all1 

should make all togither good cheere in 
the hall3  ,and fill out the black boule
 of bleith,e#cff to their song1    and  
let them be merie all haruest time long4
    ,sidenote3 ,pay trulie haruest      
folke4    #bg  ,once ended thy haruest1 
let none be begilde1    please such as  
did helpe thee1 man1 woman1 and childe4 
,thus dooing1 with alway such helpe as  
they can1    thou winnest the praise of 
the labouring man4    ,sidenote3 ,thanke
 ,god for all4    #bh  ,now looke vp to 
,godward1 let tong neuer cease    in    
thanking of him1 for his mightie        
encrease3  ,accept my good will1 for a  
proofe go and trie3    the better thou  
thriuest1 the gladder am ,i4    ,end of 
,augusts ,husbandry in #aegg4           
,works after ,haruest4#ac      #bi  ,now
 carrie out compas1 when haruest is     
donne1    where barlie thou sowest1 my  
champion sonne3  ,or laie it on heape1  
in the field as ye may1    till carriage
 be faire1 to haue it away4    #cj      
,whose compas is rotten and carried in  

time1    and spred as it should be1     
thrifts ladder may clime4,e#cfg  ,whose 
compas is paltrie and carried too late1 
such husbandrie vseth that many doo     
hate4,e#cfh    ,sidenote3 ,carriage of  
fewell4    #caad  ,er winter preuenteth1
 while weather is good1    for galling  
of pasture get home with thy wood4  ,and
 carrie out grauell to fill vp a hole3  
both timber and furzen1 the turfe and   
the cole4    ,sidenote3 ,well placing of
 fewell4    #cb  ,howse charcole and    
sedge1 chip and cole#ae of the land1    
pile tallwood and billet1 stacke all    
that hath band4  ,blocks1 rootes1#af    
pole and bough1 set vpright to the      
thetch3    the neerer more handsome in  
winter to fetch4    ,sidenote3 ,houell  
for hogs4    #cc  ,in stacking of bauen1
 and piling of logs1    make vnder thy  
bauen a houell for hogs1  ,and warmelie 
enclose it1 all sauing the mouth1    and
 that to stand open1 and full to the    
south4    #cd  ,once haruest dispatched1
 get wenches and boies1    and into the 

barne1 afore all other toies4  ,choised 
seede to be picked and trimlie well     
fide1    for seede may no longer from   
threshing abide4    #ce  ,get seede     
aforehand1 in a readines had1    or     
better prouide1 if thine owne be too    
bad4  ,be carefull of seede1 or else    
such as ye sowe1    be sure at haruest1 
to reape or to mowe4    ,sidenote3      
,provision for ,lent4    #cfag  ,when   
haruest is ended1 take shipping or ride1
    ,ling1,e#cfi ,saltfish and ,herring1
 for ,lent to prouide4  ,to buie it at  
first1 as it commeth to rode1    shall  
paie for thy charges thou spendest      
abrode4    #cg  ,choose skilfullie      
,saltfish1 not burnt at the stone1#ah   
buie such as be good1 or else let it    
alone4  ,get home that is bought1 and   
goe stack it vp drie1    with           
peasestrawe betweene it1 the safer to   
lie4    ,sidenote3 ,compassing of barlie
 land4    #ch  ,er euer ye iornie1 cause
 seruant with speede    to compas thy   
barlie land where it is neede4  ,one    

aker well compassed1 passeth some three1
    thy barne shall at haruest declare  
it to thee4    #ci  ,this lesson is     
learned by riding about1    the prices  
of vittels1 the yeere thorough out4     
,both what to be selling and what to    
refraine1    and what to be buieng1 to  
bring in againe4,e#cgj    #dj  ,though  
buieng and selling doth woonderfull     
well1    to such as haue skill how to   
buie and to sell3  ,yet chopping and    
changing ,i cannot commend1    with     
theefe#ai and his marrow1 for feare of  
ill end4    #da  ,the rich in his       
bargaining needes not be tought1    of  
buier and seller full far is he sought4 
,yet herein consisteth a part of my     
text1    who buieth at first hand1 and  
who at the next4    ,sidenote3 ,buieng  
at first hand4    #db  ,at first hand he
 buieth that paieth all downe1    at    
second1 that hath not so much in the    
towne1  ,at third hand he buieth that   
buieth of trust1    at his hand who     
buieth shall paie for his lust4,e#cga   

,sidenote3 ,readie monie bieth best     
cheape4    #dc  ,as oft as ye bargaine1 
for better or wurse1    to buie it the  
cheaper1 haue chinkes in thy purse      
,touch kept is commended1 yet credit to 
keepe1    is paie and dispatch him1 er  
euer ye sleepe4    ,sidenote3 ,hauking4 
#dd  ,be mindfull abrode of ,mihelmas#bj
 spring1    for thereon dependeth a     
husbandlie thing3  ,though some haue a  
pleasure1 with hauke vpon hand1    good 
husbands get treasure1 to purchase their
 land4    ,sidenote3 ,winter milch cow4 
#de  ,thy market dispatched1 turne home 
againe round1    least gaping for penie1
 thou loosest#ba a pound3  ,prouide for 
thy wife1 or else looke to be shent1    
good milch cow for winter1 another for  
,lent4    ,sidenote3 ,old ewes4    #df  
,in traueling homeward1 buie fortie good
 crones1    and fat vp the bodies of    
those seelie bones4  ,leaue milking and 
drie vp old mulley thy cow1    the      
crooked and aged1 to fatting put now4   
,sidenote3 ,buieng or selling of butter 

and chese4    #dgbb  ,at ,bartilmewtide1
 or at ,sturbridge faire1,e#cgb    buie 
that as is needfull1 thy house to       
repaire3  ,then sell to thy profit1 both
 butter and cheese1    who buieth it    
sooner1 the more he shall leese4        
,sidenote3 ,hops gathering4    #dh  ,if 
hops doo looke brownish1 then are ye too
 slowe1    if longer ye suffer those    
hops for to growe4  ,now sooner ye      
gather1 more profit is found1    if     
weather be faire and deaw of a ground4  
,sidenote3 ,increasing of hops4    #di  
,not breake off1 but cut off1 from hop  
the hop string1    leaue growing a      
little againe for to spring4  ,whose    
hill about pared1 and therewith new     
clad1    shall nourish more sets against
 ,march to be had4    ,sidenote3 ,the   
order of hops gathering4    #ej  ,hop   
hillock discharged of euerie let1    see
 then without breaking1 ech pole ye out 
get4  ,which being vntangled aboue in   
the tops1    go carrie to such as are   
plucking of hops4    ,sidenote3 ,hop    

manger4    #ea  ,take soutage or haier  
7that couers the kell71    set like to a
 manger and fastened well3  ,with poles 
vpon crotchis as high as thy brest1     
for sauing and#bc riddance is husbandrie
 best4,e#cgc    ,sidenote3 ,saue hop    
poles4    #eb  ,hops had1 the hop poles 
that are likelie preserue1    7from     
breaking and rotting7 againe for to     
serue3  ,and plant ye with alders or    
willowes a#bd plot1    where yeerelie as
 needeth mo poles may be got4           
,sidenote3 ,drieng of hops4    #ec      
,some skilfullie drieth their hops on a 
kell1    and some on a soller1 oft      
turning them well4  ,kell dried will    
abide1 foule weather or faire1    where 
drieng and lieng in loft doo dispaire4  
,sidenote3 ,keping of hops4    #ed      
,some close them vp drie in a hogshed or
 fat1    yet canuas or soutage is better
 than that3  ,by drieng and lieng they  
quickly be spilt3    thus much haue ,i  
shewed1 doo now as thou wilt4    #ee    
,old fermer is forced long ,august to   

make1    his goodes at more leisure away
 for to take4  ,new fermer he thinketh  
ech houre a day1    vntill the old      
fermer be packing away4,e#cgd    ,thus  
endeth and holdeth out ,augusts         
husbandrie1 till ,mihelmas ,eue4        
,tho4 ,tusser4    #a after4 #aegg4    #b
 ,saffron makes a very good ,sward1     
whereon ,linnen may lye hollow and      
bleach well enough4--,t4,r4    #c       
,stanza #e is wanting in #aegc 7,m47 and
 #aegg4    #d ,beating it upon a ,hurdle
 or some other rough thing4--,t4,r4     
#e ,st4 #f is wanting in #aegc 7,m47 and
 #aegg4    #f doth4 #afad4    #g ,our   
,author is justly against letting       
,harvest by the great1 for  whoever does
 will certainly find himself cheated or 
slighted4--,t4,r4    #h ,some stay'd    
sober working man1 who understands all  
sorts of  ,harvest ,work4--,t4,r4 ,cf4  
,matt4 ix4 #ch4    #i ,where the ,wheat 
is thistly4--,t4,r4    #aj ,stanzas #aa1
 #ad1 and #ae are not in #aegg4    #aa  
,this alludes to the custom of ,norfolk1

 where the ,parson takes his  ,tyth in  
the ,swarth1 the ,farmer also clears the
 ,swarths1 and afterwards  with a       
,drag-,rake rakes his ground all        
over4--,t4,r4    #ab ,tidy is an old    
,word signifying neat1 proper1 or in    
,season1 from  the word ,tide4--,t4,r4  
#ac ,not in editions previous to #aehj  
7,m474 ,portions are in ,septembers     
,husbandry #aegg4--;,ed4    #ad ,stanzas
 #ca-cc are in ,septembers ,husbandry4  
#aegg4    #ae turfe4 #aegg4    #af      
,block rootes4 #aegg4    #ag ,sts4      
#cf-df appear as sts4 #be-ce in         
,septembers ,husbandry4 #aegg4    #ah   
,such ,fish as is dry'd on the ,beach in
 too hot ,weather4--,t4,r4    #ai knaue4
 #aegg4    #bj ,mighelmas4 #aegg4    #ba
 lossest4 #aegg4    #bb ,sts4 #dg-ed    
occur as sts4 #di-ef of ,septembers     
,husbandry4 #aegg4    #bc of4 #aegg4    
#bd some4 #aegg4          #eh4          
,corne ,haruest equally deuided into ten
 partes4    ,chap4 #dg4a      #a  ,one  
part cast forth1 for rent due out of    

hand1,e#cge    #b  ,one other part1 for 
seede to sowe thy land4    #c  ,another 
part1 leaue ,parson for his tieth4    #d
  ,another part for haruest1 sickle and 
sieth4    #e  ,one part for plowwrite1  
cartwrite1 knacker and smith1    #f     
,one part to vphold thy teemes that     
drawe therewith4    #g  ,one part for   
seruant and workmans wages lay4    #h   
,one part likewise for filbellie day by 
day4    ,sidenote3 ,for naperie sope and
 candle1 salt and  sauce1 tinker#b and  
cooper1 brasse and pewter4    #i  ,one  
part thy wife for needfull things doth  
craue4    #aj  ,thy selfe and childe1   
the last one part would haue4    #aa    
,who minds to cote1   vpon this note1   
may easily find ynough3  ,what charge   
and paine1   to litle gaine1   doth     
follow toiling plough4    #ab  ,yet     
fermer may   thanke ,god and say1   for 
yeerlie such good hap3  ,well fare the  
plough1,e#cgf   that sends ynough   to  
stop so many a gap4    #a ,this chapter 
is wanting in #aegc 7,m472 but is in    

#aegg4    #b timber4 #aegg4      #ei4   
,a briefe conclusion1 where you may see1
  ,ech word in the verse1 to begin with 
a ,t4    ,chap4 #dh4      ,sidenote3    
,triue for contriue4    ,the thriftie   
that teacheth the thriuing to thriue1   
,teach timelie to trauerse the thing    
that thou triue4  ,transferring thy     
toiling1 to timelines tought4  ,this    
teacheth thee temprance1 to temper thy  
thought4    ,take trustie 7to trust to7 
that thinkest to thee1  ,that trustily  
thriftines trowleth to thee4  ,then     
temper thy trauell to tarie the tide1   
,this teacheth thee thriftines twentie  
times tride4    ,take thankfull thy     
talent1 thanke thankfully those  ,that  
thriftilie teacheth thy time to         
transpose4  ,troth twise to thee        
teached1 teach twentie times ten4  ,this
 trade thou that takest1 take thrift to 
thee then4,e#cgg    ,thomas ,tusser     
7#aegg74          #fj4    ,mans age     
deuided into twelue seauens4 #afad4     
,mans age deuided here ye haue1    ,by  

prentiships1 from birth to his graue4   
,chap4 #di4      #g   ,the first seuen  
yeers bring vp as a childe1,e#cgh  #ad  
,the next to learning1 for waxing too   
wilde4  #ba  ,the next keepe vnder sir  
hobbard de hoy1  #bh  ,the next a man no
 longer a boy4  #ce  ,the next1 let     
lustie laie wisely to wiue1  #db  ,the  
next1 laie now or else neuer to thriue4 
#di  ,the next1 make sure for terme of  
thy life1  #ef  ,the next1 saue somewhat
 for children and wife4  #fc  ,the next1
 be staied1 giue ouer thy lust1  #gj    
,the next1 thinke hourely whither thou  
must4  #gg  ,the next1 get chaire and   
crotches to stay1  #hd  ,the next1 to   
heauen ,god send vs the way4    ,who    
looseth their youth1 shall rue it in    
age3  ,who hateth the truth1 in sorowe  
shall rage4          #fa4     ,another  
diuision of the nature of mans age4     
,chap4 #ej4      ,the ,ape1 the ,lion1  
the ,foxe1 the ,asse1  ,thus sets foorth
 man1 as in a glasse4    #a  ,ape       
,like ,apes we be toieng1 till twentie  

and one1  ,lyon  ,then hastie as ,lions 
till fortie be gone3  ,foxe  ,then wilie
 as ,foxes1 till threescore and three1  
,asse  ,then after for ,asses           
accounted#a we bee4    #b  ,who plaies  
with his better1 this lesson must knowe1
    what humblenes ,foxe to the ,lion   
doth owe4  ,foxe1 ,ape with his         
toieng,e#cgi and rudenes of ,asse1      
brings 7out of good hower7 displeasure  
to passe4    #a accompted4 #aegg4       
#fb4    ,comparing good husband with    
vnthrift his brother1  ,the better      
discerneth the tone from the            
tother4,e#chj    ,chap4 #ea      #a     
,ill husbandrie braggeth1    to go with 
the best3  ,good husbandrie baggeth     
vp gold in his chest4    #b  ,ill       
husbandry trudgeth1    with vnthrifts   
about3  ,good husbandry snudgeth1    for
 fear of a dout4    #c  ,ill husbandrie 
spendeth    abrode like a mome3  ,good  
husbandrie tendeth    his charges at    
home4    #d  ,ill husbandrie selleth    
his corne on the ground3  ,good         

husbandrie smelleth    no gain that way 
found4    #e  ,ill husbandrie loseth1   
for lack of good fence3  ,good          
husbandrie closeth1    and gaineth the  
pence4    #f  ,ill husbandrie trusteth  
to him and to hur3,e#cha  ,good         
husbandrie lusteth    himselfe for to   
stur4    #g  ,ill husbandrie eateth     
himselfe out a doore3  ,good husbandrie 
meateth    his friend and the poore4    
#h  ,ill husbandrie daieth1,e#chb    or 
letteth it lie3  ,good husbandrie       
paieth1    the cheaper to bie4    #i    
,ill husbandrie lurketh1    and stealeth
 a sleepe3  ,good husbandrie worketh1   
his houshold to kepe4    #aj  ,ill      
husbandrie liueth1    by that and by    
this3,e#chc  ,good husbandrie giueth    
to erie man his4    #aa  ,ill husbandrie
 taketh1    and spendeth vp all3  ,good 
husbandrie maketh    good shift with a  
small4    #ab  ,ill husbandry praieth   
his wife to make shift3  ,good          
husbandrie saieth    take this of my    
gift4    #ac  ,ill husbandry drowseth   

at fortune so auke3  ,good husbandrie   
rowseth    himselfe as a hauke4    #ad  
,ill husbandrie lieth    in prison for  
debt3  ,good husbandrie spieth    where 
profit to get4    #ae  ,ill husbandrie  
waies    has to fraud what he can  ,good
 husbandrie praies    hath of euerie    
man4    #af  ,ill husbandrie neuer      
hath welth to keep touch  ,good         
husbandrie euer    hath penie in pouch4 
#ag  ,good husband his boone1    ,or    
request hath a far4  ,ill husband       
assoone    ,hath a tode with an         
,r4,e#chd          #fc4     ,a          
comparison betweene ,champion countrie  
and seuerall4    ,chap4 #eb4      #a    
,the countrie#a enclosed ,i praise1     
the tother delighteth not me1  ,for     
nothing the wealth it doth raise1    to 
such as inferior be4  ,how both of them 
partly ,i knowe1    here somewhat ,i    
mind for to showe4#b    ,sidenote3      
,champion4    #b  ,there swineherd that 
keepeth the hog1    there neatherd1 with
 cur and his horne1  ,there shepherd    

with whistle and dog1    be fence to the
 medowe and corne4  ,there horse being  
tide on a balke1    is readie with      
theefe for to walke4    #c  ,where all  
thing in common doth rest1    corne     
field with the pasture and meade1       
,though common ye doo for the best1     
yet what doth it stand ye in steade8    
,there common as commoners vse1    for  
otherwise shalt thou not chuse4#c    #d 
,what laier much better then there1     
or cheaper 7thereon to doo well87  ,what
 drudgerie more any where    lesse good 
thereof where can ye tell8  ,what gotten
 by ,sommer is seene3    in ,winter is  
eaten vp cleene4    #e  ,example by     
,leicester shire1    what soile can be  
better than that8  ,for any thing hart  
can desire1    and yet doth it want ye  
see what4  ,mast1 couert1 close pasture1
 and wood1    and other things needfull 
as good4    ,sidenote3 ,enclosure4    #f
  ,all these doo enclosure bring1       
experience teacheth no lesse1  ,i speake
 not to boast of the thing1    but onely

 a troth to expresse4  ,example 7if     
doubt ye doo make73    by ,suffolke and 
,essex go take4,e#che    ,sidenote3     
,seuerall4    #g  ,more plentie of      
mutton and biefe1    corne1 butter1 and 
cheese of the best1  ,more wealth any   
where 7to be briefe71    more people1   
more handsome and prest1  ,where find   
ye8 7go search any coast7    than there 
where enclosure is most4    #h  ,more   
worke for the labouring man1    as well 
in the towne as the feeld3  ,or thereof 
7deuise if ye can7    more profit what  
countries doo yeeld8  ,more seldome     
where see ye the poore1    go begging   
from doore vnto doore8    ,sidenote3    
,champion countrie4    #i  ,in ,norfolke
 behold the dispaire    of tillage too  
much to be borne3  ,by drouers from     
faire to faire1    and others destroieng
 the corne4  ,by custome and couetous   
pates1    by gaps1 and by opening of    
gates4#d;,e#chf    #aj  ,what speake ,i 
of commoners by1    with drawing all    
after a line3  ,so noieng the corne1 as 

it ly1    with cattle1 with conies1#e   
and swine4  ,when thou#f hast bestowed  
thy cost1    looke halfe of the same to 
be lost4    #aa  ,the flocks of the     
,lords of the soile    do yeerly the    
winter corne wrong3  ,the same in a     
manner they spoile1    with feeding so  
lowe and so long4  ,and therefore that  
champion feeld    doth seldome good     
winter corne yeeld4    ,sidenote3       
,champion noiances4    #abg  ,by        
,cambridge a towne ,i doo knowe1        
where many good husbands doo dwell2     
,whose losses by losels doth            
showe1,e#chg    more here than is       
needfull to tell3  ,determine at court  
what they shall1    performed is nothing
 at all4,e#chh    #ac  ,the champion    
robbeth by night1    and prowleth and   
filcheth by day3  ,himselfe and his     
beast out of sight1    both spoileth and
 maketh away  ,not onely thy grasse1 but
 thy corne1    both after1 and er it be 
shorne4    #ad  ,pease bolt with thy    
pease he will haue1    his houshold to  

feede and his hog3  ,now stealeth he1   
now will he craue1    and now will he   
coosen and cog4  ,in ,bridewell a number
 be stript1    lesse woorthie than      
theefe to be whipt4,e#chi    #ae  ,the  
oxboy1 as ill is as hee1    or worser1  
if worse may be found3  ,for spoiling   
from thine and from thee1    of grasse  
and of corne on the ground4  ,laie neuer
 so well for to saue it1    by night or 
by daie he will haue it4    #af  ,what  
orchard vnrobbed escapes8    or pullet  
dare walke in their jet8  ,but homeward 
or outward 7like apes7    they count it 
their owne they can get4  ,lord1 if ye  
doo take them1,e#cij what sturs6    how 
hold they togither like burs6    #ag    
,for commons these commoners crie1      
enclosing they may not abide3  ,yet some
 be not able to bie    a cow with hir   
calfe by hir side4  ,nor laie not to    
liue by their wurke1    but theeuishlie 
loiter and lurke4    #ah  ,the ,lord of 
the towne is to blame1    for these and 
for many faults mo4,e#cia  ,for that he 

doth knowe of the same1    yet lets it  
vnpunished go4  ,such ,lords ill example
 doth giue1    where verlets,e#cib and  
drabs so may liue4    #ai  ,what        
footpathes are made1 and how brode6     
annoiance too much to be borne3  ,with  
horse and with cattle what rode    is   
made thorow erie mans corne6  ,where    
champions ruleth the roste1,e#cic       
there dailie disorder is moste4    #bj  
,their sheepe when they driue for to    
wash1    how careles such sheepe they   
doo guide6  ,the fermer they leaue in   
the lash1    with losses on euerie side4
  ,though any mans corne they doo bite1 
they will not alow him a mite4    #ba   
,what hunting and hauking is there6     
corne looking for sickle at hand3       
,actes lawles to doo without feare1     
how yeerlie#h togither they band4  ,more
 harme to another to doo1    than they  
would be done so vntoo4    #bb  ,more   
profit is quieter found    7where       
pastures in seuerall bee37  ,of one     
seelie aker of ground1    than champion 

maketh of three4  ,againe what a ioie is
 it knowne1    when men may be bold of  
their owne6    ,sidenote3 ,champion4    
,sidenote3 ,seuerall4    #bc  ,the tone 
is commended for graine1    yet bread   
made of beanes they doo eate3  ,the     
tother for one loafe haue twaine1    of 
mastlin1 of rie1 or of wheate4  ,the    
champion liueth full bare1    when      
woodland full merie doth fare4          
,sidenote3 ,champion4    ,sidenote3     
,seuerall4    #bd  ,tone giueth his     
corne in a darth1    to horse1 sheepe1  
and hog euery daie2  ,the tother giue   
cattle warme barth1    and feede them   
with strawe and with haie4  ,corne spent
 of the tone so in vaine3    the tother 
doth sell to his gaine4    ,sidenote3   
,champion4    ,sidenote3 ,seuerall4     
#be  ,tone barefoote and ragged doth go1
    and readie in winter to sterue3     
,when tother ye see doo not so1    but  
hath that is needfull to serue4  ,tone  
paine in a cotage doth take1    when    
tother trim bowers doo make4            

,sidenote3 ,champion4    ,sidenote3     
,seuerall4    #bf  ,tone laieth for     
turfe and for sedge1    and hath it with
 woonderfull suit3  ,when tother in     
euerie hedge1    hath plentie of fewell 
and fruit4  ,euils twentie times worser 
than thease1    enclosure quickly would 
ease4    ,sidenote3 ,seuerall4    #bg   
,in woodland the poore men that haue    
scarse fully two akers of land1  ,more  
merily liue and doo saue1    than tother
 with twentie in hand4  ,yet paie they  
as much for the twoo    as tother for   
twentie must doo4    #bh  ,the labourer 
comming from thence1    in woodland to  
worke any where3  7,i warrant you7 goeth
 not hence1    to worke anie more againe
 there4  ,if this same be true 7as it   
is37    why gather they nothing of this8
    #bi  ,the poore at enclosing doo    
grutch1    because of abuses that fall1 
,least some man should haue but too     
much1    and some againe nothing at all4
  ,if order might therein be found1     
what were to the seuerall ground8       

,thus endeth ,husbandry4 #aegg4    ,here
 followeth ,huswifery4 #aegc4      99 99
 99 ,it is likely this was wrote soon   
after ,ket's rebellion1 as a  dissuasive
 from the like1 and to persuade the     
poorer sort quietly to  endure          
,enclosures4--,t4,r4    #a countery4    
#aegg4    #b    ,because of them both ,i
 do know    ,i mind thereof somewhat to 
show4 #aegg4    #c    ,there common as  
commoners do1    ,as good else to cobble
 a shoe4 #aegc 7,m47 and #aegg4    #d   
,in ,norfolk 7in our ,author's time7    
there was a considerable  ,rebellion1   
call'd ,ket's ,rebellion against        
,inclosures1 and to this  day they take 
the ,liberty of throwing open all       
,enclosures out of the  ,common ,field1 
these are commonly call'd ,lammas       
,lands1 and half ,year  ,lands4--,t4,r4 
#e sheep and with swine4 #aegg4    #f   
one4 #aegg4    #g ,stanzas #ab-ba are   
not in #aegg4    #h ,query1 yarely4     
#fd4     ,the description of an enuious 
and naughtie neighbour4,e#cid    ,chap4 

#ec4a      ,an enuious neighbour is     
easie to finde1  ,his cumbersome fetches
 are seldome#b behinde4  ,his hatred    
procureth from naughtie to wurse1  ,his 
friendship like ,iudas that carried the 
purse4,e#cie  ,his head is a storehouse1
 with quarrels full fraught1  ,his      
braine is vnquiet1 till all come to     
naught4  ,his memorie pregnant1 old     
euils to recite1  ,his mind euer fixed  
each euill to requite4  ,his mouth full 
of venim1 his lips out of frame1,e#cif  
,his tongue a false witnes1 his friend  
to defame4  ,his eies be promooters1    
some trespas to spie1  ,his eares be as 
spials1,e#cig alarum to crie4  ,his     
hands be as tyrants1 reuenging ech      
thing1  ,his feete at thine elbow1 as   
serpent to sting4  ,his breast full of  
rancor1 like ,canker#c to freat1  ,his  
hart like a ,lion1 his neighbour to eat4
  ,his gate like a sheepebiter1,e#cih   
fleering aside1  ,his looke like a      
coxcombe1,e#cii vp puffed with pride4   
,his face made of brasse1 like a vice in

 a game1  ,his iesture like             
,dauus1,e#djj whom ,terence doth name4  
,his brag as ,thersites1,e#dja with     
elbowes abrode4  ,his cheekes in his    
furie shall swell like a tode4,e#djb    
,his colour like ashes1 his cap in his  
eies1  ,his nose in the aire1 his snout 
in the skies4  ,his promise to trust to 
as slipprie#d as ice1  ,his credit much 
like to the chance of the dice4  ,his   
knowledge or skill is in prating#e too  
much1  ,his companie shunned1#f and so  
be all such4  ,his friendship is        
counterfait1 seldome to trust1  ,his    
dooings vnluckie and euer vniust4  ,his 
fetch is to flatter1 to get what he can1
  ,his purpose once gotten1 a pin#g for 
thee than4    #a ,this chapter precedes 
the ,author's ,life in #aegg edition4   
#b sieldome4 #afad4    #c ,coprus4      
#aegg4    #d slipper4 #aegg4    #e      
parting4 #aegg4    #f shenned4 #aegg4   
#g penny4 #aegg4      ,in the edition of
 #aegg the following piece is inserted  
here4          #fd499    ,to light a    

candell before the ,deuill4,e#djc       
,to beard thy foes shews forth thy witt1
      but helpes the matter nere a whit4
    ,my sonne1 were it not worst    to  
frame thy nature so1  ,that as thine vse
 is to thy friend1    likewise to greet 
thy foe3  ,though not for hope of good1 
yet for the feare of euill1  ,thou maist
 find ease so proffering vp    a candell
 to the deuill4    ,this knowne1 the    
surest way    thine enemies wrath to    
swage2  ,if thou canst currey fauour    
thus1    thou shalt be counted sage4    
,of truth ,i tell no lye1    by proofe  
to well ,i knowe1  ,the stubborne want  
of only this    hath brought full many  
lowe4    ,and yet to speak the trouth   
the ,deuill is worse then naught1  ,that
 no good turne will once deserue1    yet
 looketh vp so haught4  ,exalt him how  
we please1    and giue him what we can1 
,yet skarcely shall we find such ,deuill
    a truly honest man4    ,but where   
the mighty may    of force the weake    
constraine1  ,it shal be wysely doone to

 bow    to voyd a farther payne1  ,like 
as in tempest great1    where wind doth 
beare the stroke1  ,much safer stands   
the bowing reede    then doth the       
stubborne oke4    ,and chiefly when of  
all    thy selfe art one of those  ,that
 fortune needes1 will haue to dwell     
fast by the ,deuils nose3  ,then 7though
 against thine hart7    thy tongue thou 
must so charme  ,that tongue may say1   
where ere thou come    the ,deuill doth 
no man harme4    ,for where as no       
reuenge    may stand a man in steede1   
,as good is then an humble speech1    as
 otherwise to bleede4  ,like as ye see  
by him    that hath a shrew to wife1    
,as good it is to speak her faire    as 
still to liue in strife4    ,put thou no
 ,deuill in boote    as once did master 
,shorne3,e#djd  ,take heede as from     
madde bayted bull    to keepe thee fro  
his horne4  ,and where ye see the       
,deuill    so bold to wrest with lawe1  
,make cong oft1 and crouch aloofe1      
but come not in his clawe4    ,the      

scholer forth of schoole    may boldlier
 take his mind1  ,the fields haue eyes1 
the bushes eares1    false birds can    
fetch the wind4,e#dje  ,the further from
 the gone    the safer may ye skippe1   
,the nerer to the carters hand    the   
nerer to the whippe4    ,the neerer to  
the whippe    the sooner comes the      
jerke1  ,the sooner that poore beast is 
strucke    the sooner doth he yerke4    
,some loueth for to whippe1    to see   
how ierkes will smart1  ,in wofull      
taking is that horse    that nedes must 
drawe in cart4    ,such fellow is the   
,deuell1    that doth euen what he list1
  ,yet thinketh he what ere he doth     
none ought dare say1 but whist4  ,take  
therefore heed1 my sonne1    and marke  
full well this song1  ,learne thus with 
craft to claw the deuell1    else liue  
in rest not long4          #fe4     ,a  
sonet against a slanderous tongue4,e#djf
     ,chap4 #ed4      ,doth darnell     
good1 among the flowrie wheat8  ,doo    
thistles good1 so thick in fallow spide8

  ,doo taint wormes good1 that lurke    
where ox should eat  ,or sucking drones1
 in hiue where bees abide8  ,doo hornets
 good1 or these same biting gnats8      
,foule swelling toades1 what good by    
them is seene8  ,in house well deckt1   
what good doth gnawing rats8  ,or       
casting mowles1 among the meadowes      
greene8  ,doth heauie newes make glad   
the hart of man8  ,or noisome smels1    
what good doth that to health8  ,now    
once for all1 what good 7shew who so    
can87  ,doo stinging#a snakes1 to this  
our ,commonwealth8        ,no more doth 
good a peeuish slanderous toung1        
,but hurts it selfe1 and noies both old 
and young4,e#djg    #a stinking4 #aegg4 
#ff4     ,a sonet vpon the ,authors     
first seuen yeeres seruice4    ,chap4   
#ee4      ,seuen times hath ,janus,e#djh
 tane new yere by hand1  ,seuen times   
hath blustring ,march blowne forth his  
powre3  ,to driue out ,aprils buds1 by  
sea and land1  ,for minion ,maie1 to    
deck most trim with flowre4  ,seuen     

times hath temperate ,ver1,e#dji like   
pageant plaide1  ,and pleasant stas eke 
hir flowers told3  ,seuen times         
,autumnes heate hath bene delaide1,e#daj
  ,with ,hyems boistrous blasts1 and    
bitter cold4  ,seuen times the thirtene 
,moones,e#daa haue changed hew1  ,seuen 
times the ,sunne his course hath gone   
about3  ,seuen times ech bird hir nest  
hath built anew1  ,since first time you 
to serue1 ,i choosed out4        ,still 
yours am ,i1 though thus the time hath  
past1      ,and trust to be1 as#a long  
as life shall last4    #a so4 #aegg4    
#fg4        ,man minded for to thriue   
must wisely lay to wiue4      ,what hap 
may thereby fall      here argued find  
ye shall4     ,the ,authours ,dialogue  
betweene two ,bachelers1 of wiuing and  
thriuing by ,affirmation and            
,obiection4,e#dab    ,chap4 #ef4        
,affirmation4  #a  ,frend1 where we met 
this other day1  ,we heard one make his 
mone and say1    ,good ,lord1 how might 
,i thriue8  ,we heard an other answere  

him1  ,then make thee handsome1 trick   
and trim1    ,and lay in time to wiue4  
,obiection4  #b  ,and what of that1 say 
you to mee8  ,do you your selfe thinke  
that to be    ,the best way for to      
thriue8  ,if truth were truely bolted   
out1,e#dac  ,as touching thrift1 ,i     
stand in dout1    ,if men were best to  
wiue4        ,affirmation4  #c  ,there  
is no doubt1 for proue ,i can1  ,i haue 
but seldome seene that man    ,which    
could the way to thriue3,e#dad  ,vntill 
it was his happie lot1  ,to stay        
himselfe in some good plot1,e#dae       
,and wisely then to wiue4               
,obiection4  #d  ,and ,i am of an other 
minde1  ,for by no reason can ,i finde1 
,how that way ,i should thriue3  ,for   
where as now ,i spend a pennie1  ,i     
should not then be quit with mennie1    
,through bondage for to wiue4           
,affirmation4  #e  ,not so1 for now     
where thou dost spend1  ,of this and    
that1,e#daf to no good end1    ,which   
hindereth thee to thriue3  ,such vaine  

expences thou shouldst saue1  ,and daily
 then lay more to haue1    ,as others do
 that wiue4        ,obiection4  #f  ,why
 then do folke this prouerbe put1  ,the 
blacke oxe neare trod on thy fut1,e#dag 
,if that way were to thriue8  ,hereout a
 man may soone picke forth1  ,few       
feeleth what a pennie is worth1    ,till
 such time as they wiue4                
,affirmation4  #g  ,it may so chaunce as
 thou doest say1  ,this lesson therefore
 beare away1    ,if thereby thou wilt   
thriue3  ,looke ere thou leape1 see ere 
thou go1  ,it may be for thy profite so1
    ,for thee to lay to wiue4           
,obiection4  #h  ,it is too much we     
dailie heare1  ,to wiue and thriue both 
in a yeare1,e#dah    ,as touching now to
 thriue3  ,i know not herein what to    
spie1  ,but that there doth small       
profite lie1    ,to fansie for to wiue4 
,affirmation4  #i  ,in deede the first  
yeare oft is such1  ,that fondly some   
bestoweth much1    ,a let to them to    
thriue3  ,yet other moe may soone be    

founde1  ,which getteth many a faire    
pounde1    ,the same day that they wiue4
        ,obiection4  #aj  ,i graunt some
 getteth more that day1  ,than they can 
easily beare away1    ,nowe needes then 
must they thriue3  ,what gaineth such   
thinke you by that8  ,a little burden1  
you wote what1    ,through fondnesse for
 to wiue4        ,affirmation4  #aa     
,thou seemest blinde as mo,e#dai haue   
bin1  ,it is not beautie bringeth in    
,the thing to make thee thriue3  ,in    
womankinde1 see that ye do  ,require of 
hir no gift but two1    ,when ere ye    
minde to wiue4        ,obiection4  #ab  
,but two1 say you8 ,i pray you than     
,shew those as briefly as you can1      
,if that may helpe to thriue3  ,i weene 
we must conclude anon1  ,of those same  
twaine to want the ton1    ,when ere we 
chance to wiue4    ,sidenote3 ,honestie 
and huswiferie4        ,affirmation4    
#ac  ,an honest huswife1 trust to mee1  
,be those same twaine1 ,i say to thee1  
,that helpe so much to thriue3  ,as     

honestie farre passeth golde1  ,so      
huswiferie in yong and olde1    ,do     
pleasure such as wiue4                  
,obiection4  #ad  ,the honestie in deede
 ,i graunt1  ,is one good point the wife
 should haunt1    ,to make hir husband  
thriue3  ,but now faine would ,i haue   
you show1  ,how should a man good       
huswife know1    ,if once he hap to     
wiue8        ,affirmation4  #ae  ,a     
huswife good betimes will rise1  ,and   
order things in comelie wise1    ,hir   
minde is set to thriue3  ,vpon hir      
distaffe she will spinne1  ,and with hir
 needle she will winne1    ,if such ye  
hap to wiue4        ,obiection4  #af    
,it is not idle going about1  ,nor all  
day pricking on a clout1    ,can make a 
man to thriue3  ,or if there be no other
 winning1  ,but that the wife gets by   
hir spinning1    ,small thrift it is to 
wiue4        ,affirmation4  #ag  ,some  
more than this yet do shee#a shall1     
,although thy stocke be verie small1    
,yet will shee helpe thee thriue3  ,lay 

thou#b to saue1 as well as she1  ,and   
then thou shalt#c enriched be1    ,when 
such thou hapst#d to wiue4              
,obiection4  #ah  ,if she were mine1 ,i 
tell thee troth1  ,too much to trouble  
hir ,i were loth1    ,for greedines to  
thriue3  ,least some should talke1 as is
 the speech1  ,the good wiues husband   
weares no breech1,e#dbj    ,if such ,i  
hap to wiue4        ,affirmation4  #ai  
,what hurts it thee what some do say1   
,if honestlie she take the way    ,to   
helpe thee for to thriue8  ,for honestie
 will make hir prest1  ,to doo the thing
 that shall be best1    ,if such ye hap 
to wiue4        ,obiection4  #bj  ,why  
did ,diogenes say than1  ,to one that   
askt of him time whan1    ,were best to 
wiue to thriue8  ,not yet 7quoth#e he7  
if thou be yong1  ,if thou waxe old1    
then holde thy tong1    ,it is too late 
to wiue4,e#dba        ,affirmation4  #ba
  ,belike he knew some shrewish wife1   
,which with hir husband made such       
strife1    ,that hindered him to thriue3

  ,who then may blame him for that      
clause1  ,though then he spake as some  
had cause1    ,as touching for to wiue8 
,obiection4  #bb  ,why then ,i see to   
take a shrew1  7,as seldome other there 
be few7    ,is not the way to thriue3   
,so hard a thing ,i spie it is1  ,the   
good to chuse1 the shrew to mis1        
,that feareth me to wiue4,e#dbb         
,affirmation4  #bc  ,she may in         
something seeme a shrew1  ,yet such a   
huswife as but few1    ,to helpe thee   
for to thriue3  ,this prouerbe looke in 
mind ye keepe1  ,as good a shrew is as a
 sheepe1,e#dbc    ,for you to take to   
wiue4        ,obiection4  #bd  ,now be  
she lambe or be she eaw1  ,giue me the  
sheepe1 take thou the shreaw1    ,see   
which of vs shall thriue3  ,if she be   
shrewish thinke for troth1  ,for all her
 thrift ,i would be loth    ,to match   
with such to wiue4        ,affirmation4 
#be  ,tush1 farewell then1 ,i leaue you 
off1  ,such fooles as you that loue to  
scoff1    ,shall seldome wiue to thriue3

  ,contrarie hir1 as you do me1  ,and   
then ye shall1 ,i warrant ye1    ,repent
 ye if ye wiue4        ,obiection4  #bf 
,friend1 let vs both giue iustly place1 
,to wedded man to iudge this cace1      
,which best way is to thriue3  ,for both
 our talke as seemeth plaine1  ,is but  
as hapneth in our braine1    ,to will or
 not to wiue4         ,wedded mans      
iudgement        ,vpon the former       
argument4    ,sidenote3 ,moderator4     
#bg  ,as ,cock that wants his mate1 goes
 rouing all about1  ,with crowing early 
and late1 to find his louer out3  ,and  
as poore sillie hen1 long wanting cock  
to guide1  ,soone droopes and shortly   
then beginnes to peake aside3  ,euen so 
it is with man and wife1 where          
gouernment is found1  ,the want of ton  
the others life doth shortly soone      
confound4    #bh  ,in iest and in       
earnest1 here argued ye finde1  ,that   
husband and huswife togither must dwell1
  ,and thereto the iudgement of wedded  
mans minde1  ,that husbandrie otherwise 

speedeth not well3  ,so somewhat more   
nowe ,i intende for to tell1  ,of       
huswiferie like as of husbandrie tolde1 
,how huswifelie huswife helpes bring in 
the golde4    #a they4 #aegg4    #b you4
 #aegg4    #c you shall4 #aegg4    #d   
you hap4 #aegg4    #e quod4 #aegg4      
,thus endeth the booke of ,husbandrie4  
,finis 7#aegg74          ,the points of 
,huswiferie1 vnited to the comfort of   
,husbandrie1 newly  corrected and       
amplified1 with diuers good lessons for 
housholders to  recreate the ,reader1 as
 by the ,table at the end hereof more   
plainlie  may appeere4      ,set forth  
by ,thomas ,tusser ,gentleman4          
#fh4    ,to the right ,honorable and my 
especiall good ,ladie and ,maistres1 the
  ,ladie ,paget4,e#dbd      #a  ,though 
danger be mickle1  and fauour so fickle1
  ,yet dutie doth tickle    my fansie to
 wright3  ,concerning how prettie1  how 
fine and how nettie1  ,good huswife     
should iettie1#a    from morning to     
night4    #b  ,not minding#b by writing1

  to kindle a spiting1  ,but shew by    
enditing1    as afterward told3  ,how   
husbandrie easeth1  to huswiferie       
pleaseth1  ,and manie purse greaseth    
with siluer and gold4    #c  ,for       
husbandrie wepeth1  where huswiferie    
slepeth1  ,and hardly he crepeth1    vp 
ladder to thrift3  ,that wanteth to bold
 him1  thrifts ladder to hold him1      
,before it be told him1    he falles    
without shift4    #d  ,least many should
 feare me1  and others forsweare me1    
,of troth ,i doo beare me    vpright as 
ye se3  ,full minded to looue all1  and 
not to reprooue all1  ,but onely to     
mooue all1    good huswiues to be4    #e
  ,for if ,i should mind some1  or      
descant behind some1  ,and missing to   
find some1    displease so ,i mought3   
,or if ,i should blend them1  and so to 
offend them1  ,what stur ,i should send 
them    ,i stand in a dought4    #f     
,though harmles ye#c make it  and some  
doo well take it1  ,if others forsake   
it1    what pleasure were that8  ,naught

 else but to paine me1  and nothing to  
gaine me1  ,but make them disdaine me   
,i wot ner for what4    #g  ,least some 
make a triall1  as clocke by the diall1 
,some stand to deniall1    some murmur  
and grudge3  ,giue iudgement ,i pray    
you1  for iustlie so may you1  ,so      
fansie1 so say you1    ,i make you my   
iudge4    #h  ,in time1 ye shall try me1
  by troth1 ye shall spy me1  ,so finde1
 so set by me1    according to skill3   
,how euer tre groweth1  the fruit the   
tre showeth1,e#dbe  ,your ,ladiship     
knoweth1    my hart and good will4    #i
  ,thogh fortune doth measure1  and ,i  
doo lacke treasure1  ,yet if ,i may     
pleasure    your ,honour with this3     
,then will me to mend it1  or mend er ye
 send it1  ,or any where lend it1    if 
ought be amis4    ,your ,ladiships      
,seruant1    ,thomas ,tusser4    #a     
yettie4 #aeeg4    #b minded4 #aegg4     
#c ,i4 #aegg4          #fi4     ,to the 
,reader4#a      #a  ,now listen1 good   
huswiues1 what dooings are here    set  

foorth for a daie1 as it should for a   
yere4  ,both easie to follow1 and soone 
to atchiue1    for such as by huswiferie
 looketh to thriue4,e#dbf    #b  ,the   
forenoone affaires1 till dinner 7with   
some17    then after noone dooings1 till
 supper time come4  ,with breakfast and 
dinner time1 sup1 and to bed1    standes
 orderlie placed1 to quiet thine hed4   
#c  ,the meaning is this1 for a daie    
what ye see1    that monthlie and       
yeerlie continued must bee4  ,and hereby
 to gather 7as prooue ,i intend71       
that huswiuelie matters haue neuer an   
end4    #d  ,i haue not1 by heare say1  
nor reading in booke1    set out        
7peraduenture7 that some cannot brooke1 
,nor yet of a spite1 to be dooing with  
enie1    but such as haue skared me many
 a penie4    #e  ,if widow1 both huswife
 and husband may be1    what cause hath 
a widower lesser than she8  ,tis        
needfull that both of them looke well   
about3    too careles within1 and too   
lasie without4    #f  ,now therefore1 if

 well ye consider of this1    what      
losses and crosses comes dailie amis4   
,then beare with a widowers pen as ye   
may3    though husband of huswiferie    
somewhat doth say4,e#dbg    #a ,first   
introduced in the edition of #aehj      
7,m474          #gj4     ,the ,preface  
to the booke of ,huswiferie4      #a    
,take weapon away1 of what force is a   
man8  ,take huswife from husband1 and   
what is he than8    #b  ,as louers      
desireth together to dwell1  ,so        
husbandrie loueth good huswiferie well4 
#c  ,though husbandrie seemeth to bring 
in the gaines1  ,yet huswiferie labours 
seeme equall in paines4    #d  ,some    
respit to husbands the weather may send1
  ,but huswiues affaires haue neuer an  
end4          #ga4    ,as true as thy   
faith1  ,thus huswiferie saith4         
,sidenote3 ,the praise of huswiferie4   
,i serve for a daie1 for a weeke1 for a 
yere1  ,for life time1 for euer1 while  
man dwelleth here4  ,for richer1 for    
poorer1 from ,north to the ,south1  ,for

 honest1 for hardhead1 or daintie of    
mouth4  ,for wed and vnwedded1 in       
sicknes and health1  ,for all that well 
liueth1 in good ,commonwealth4  ,for    
citie1 for countrie1 for ,court1 and for
 cart1  ,to quiet the head1 and to      
comfort the hart4          #gb4     ,a  
description of ,huswife and             
,huswiferie4,e#dbh      #a  ,of huswife 
doth huswiferie challenge that name1    
of huswiferie huswife doth likewise the 
same1  ,where husband and husbandrie    
ioineth with thease1    there wealthines
 gotten is holden with ease4    #b  ,the
 name of a huswife what is it to say8   
the wife of the house1 to the husband a 
stay4  ,if huswife doth that1 as        
belongeth to hur3    if husband be      
godlie1#a there needeth no stur4    #c  
,the huswife is she that to labour doth 
fall1    the labour of hir ,i doo       
huswiferie call4  ,if thrift by that    
labour be honestlie#b got3    then is it
 good huswiferie1 else is it not4    #d 
,the woman the name of a huswife doth   

win1    by keeping hir house1 and of    
dooings therein4  ,and she that with    
husband will quietly dwell1    must     
thinke on this lesson1 and follow it    
well4    #a wittie4 #aegg4 ,cf4 post1   
ch4 #ajj1 st4 #f4    #b be sued or got4 
#aegg4    ,finis 7#aegg74          #gc4 
,instructions to ,huswiferie4,e#dbi     
,serue ,god is the furst1      ,true    
loue is not wurst4    #a  ,a dailie good
 lesson1 of huswife in deede1    is ,god
 to remember1 the better to speede4     
#b  ,an other good lesson1 of huswiferie
 thought1    is huswife with husband to 
liue as she ought4        ,wife comely  
no griefe1      ,man out1 huswife       
chiefe4    #c  ,though trickly to see   
to1 be gallant to wiue1    yet comely   
and wise is the huswife to thriue4    #d
  ,when husband is absent1 let huswife  
be chiefe1    and looke to their labour 
that eateth hir biefe4        ,both out 
not allow1      ,keepe house huswife    
thow4    #e  ,where husband and huswife 
be both out of place1    there seruants 

doo loiter1 and reason their cace4,e#dcj
    #f  ,the huswife so named 7of       
keeping the house17    must tend on hir 
profit1 as cat on the mouse4            
,seeke home for rest1      ,for home is 
best4    #g  ,as huswiues keepe home1   
and be stirrers about1    so speedeth   
their winnings1 the yeere thorow out4   
#h  ,though home be but homely1 yet     
huswife is taught1    that home hath no 
fellow to such as haue aught4,e#dca     
,vse all with skill1      ,aske what ye 
will4    #i  ,good vsage with knowledge1
 and quiet withall1    make huswife to  
shine1 as the sunne on the wall4    #aj 
,what husband refuseth all comely to    
haue1    that hath a good huswife1 all  
willing to saue4        ,be readie at   
neede1      ,all thine to feede4    #aa 
,the case of good huswiues1 thus daily  
doth stand1    what euer shall chance1  
to be readie at hand4    #ab  ,this care
 hath a huswife all daie in hir hed1    
that all thing in season be huswifelie  
fed4        ,by practise go muse1       

,how houshold to vse4    #ac  ,dame     
practise is she that to huswife doth    
tell1    which way for to gouerne hir   
familie,e#dcb well4    #ad  ,vse        
labourers gently1 keepe this as a lawe1 
make childe to be ciuill1 keepe seruant 
in awe4        ,who careles doe liue1   
,occasion doe giue4    #ae  ,haue euerie
 where a respect to thy waies1    that  
none of thy life any slander may raies4 
#af  ,what many doo knowe1 though a time
 it be hid1    at length will abrode1   
when a mischiefe shall bid4        ,no  
neighbour reprooue1      ,doe so to haue
 looue4    #ag  ,the loue of thy        
neighbour shall stand thee in steede1   
the poorer1 the gladder1 to helpe at a  
neede4    #ah  ,vse friendly thy        
neighbour1 else trust him in this1    as
 he hath thy friendship1 so trust vnto  
his4       ,strike nothing vnknowne1    
,take heede to thine owne4    #ai       
,reuenge not thy wrath vpon any mans    
beast1    least thine by like malice be 
bid to like feast4    #bj  ,what husband

 prouideth with monie his drudge1    the
 huswife must looke to1 which waie it   
doth trudge4          #gd4    ,a        
digression4      #a  ,now1 out of the   
matter1 this lesson ,i ad1    concerning
 cock crowing1 what profit is had4      
,experience teacheth1 as true as a      
clock3    how winter night passeth1 by  
marking the cock4    #b  ,cock croweth  
at midnight1 times few aboue six1       
with pause to his neighbour1 to answere 
betwix4  ,at three a clock thicker1 and 
then as ye knowe1    like all in to     
,mattens1 neere daie they doo crowe4    
,sidenote3 ,cocke crowing4    #c  ,at   
midnight1 at three1 and an hower ere    
day1    they vtter their language1 as   
well as they may4  ,which who so        
regardeth what counsell they giue1      
will better loue crowing1 as long as    
they liue4        ,for being afraid1    
,take heede good maid3      ,marke      
crowing of cock1      ,for feare of a   
knock4    #d       ,the first cock      
croweth4  ,ho1 ,dame it is midnight3    

what rumbling is that8      ,the next   
cock croweth4#a  ,take heede to false   
harlots1 and more1 ye wot what4         
,if noise ye heare1      ,looke all be  
cleare3      ,least drabs doe noie thee1
      ,and theeues destroie thee4    #e 
,the first cock croweth4  ,maides1 three
 a clock1,e#dcc knede1 lay your         
bucks1,e#dcd or go brew1      ,the next 
cock croweth4  ,and cobble and botch1 ye
 that cannot buie new4        ,till cock
 crow agen1      ,both maidens and men3 
,amend now with speede1      ,that      
mending doth neede4#b      #f       ,the
 first cock croweth4  ,past fiue a      
clock1 ,holla3 maid1 sleeping beware1   
,the next cock croweth4  ,least quickly 
your ,mistres vncouer your bare4        
,maides1 vp ,i beseech yee1      ,least 
,mistres doe breech yee3      ,to worke 
and away1      ,as fast as ye may4    #a
 showeth1 here and in stanzas #e and #f4
 #aegg4    #b    ,both mayden and man   
mend now what ye can4  ,leave gibber    
gabber  mend slibber slabber4 #aegg4    

#ge4     ,huswiferie4        ,now       
listen1 good huswiues1 what doings are  
here      set out for a day as it should
 for a yere4 #aegg4     ,morning        
workes4#a        ,no sooner some vp1    
,but nose is in cup4    #a  ,get vp in  
the morning as soone as thou wilt1  with
 ouerlong slugging good seruant is      
spilt4    #b  ,some slouens from        
sleeping no sooner get vp1  but hand is 
in aumbrie1 and nose in the cup4        
,that early is donne1      ,count       
huswifely wonne4    ,sidenote3 ,morning 
workes4    #c  ,some worke in the       
morning may trimly be donne1  that all  
the day after can hardly be wonne4    #d
  ,good husband without it is needfull  
there be1  good huswife within as       
needfull as he4        ,cast dust into  
yard1      ,and spin and go card4    #e 
,sluts corners auoided shall further thy
 health1  much time about trifles shall 
hinder thy wealth4    #f  ,set some to  
peele hempe or else rishes to twine1  to
 spin and to card1 or to seething of    

brine4        ,grind mault for drinke1  
,see meate do not stinke4    #g  ,set   
some about cattle1 some pasture to vewe1
  some mault to be grinding against ye  
do brewe4    #h  ,some corneth1 some    
brineth1 some will not be taught1  where
 meate is attainted1 there cookrie is   
naught4    #a ,this and other sub-titles
 are not in #aegg4          #gf4        
,breakefast doings4          ,to        
breakefast that come1      ,giue erie   
one some4    ,sidenote3 ,breakefast4    
#a  ,call seruants to breakefast by day 
starre appere1,e#dce  a snatch and to   
worke1 fellowes tarrie not here4    #b  
,let huswife be caruer1 let#a pottage be
 heate1  a messe to eche one1 with a    
morsell of meate4        ,no more tittle
 tattle1      ,go serue your cattle4    
#c  ,what tacke in a pudding1 saith     
greedie gut wringer1  giue such ye wote 
what1 ere a pudding he finger4    #d    
,let seruants once serued1 thy cattle go
 serue1  least often ill seruing make   
cattle to sterue4    #a see4 #aegg4     

#gg4     ,huswifely admonitions4        
,sidenote3 ,the for thriue4             
,learne you that will thee1      ,this  
lesson of mee4#a    #a  ,no breakefast  
of custome prouide for to saue1  but    
onely for such as deserueth to haue4    
#b  ,no shewing of seruant what vittles 
in store1  shew seruant his labour1 and 
shew him no more4        ,of hauocke    
beware1      ,cat nothing will spare4   
#c  ,where all thing is common1 what    
needeth a hutch8  where wanteth a sauer1
 there hauocke is mutch4    #d  ,where  
window is open1 cat maketh a fray1  yet 
wilde cat with two legs is worse by my  
fay4        ,looke well vnto thine1     
,slut slouthfull must whine4    #e  ,an 
eie in a corner who vseth to haue1      
reuealeth a drab1 and preuenteth a      
knaue4    #f  ,make maide to be clenly1 
or make hir crie creake1  and teach hir 
to stirre1 when hir mistresse doth      
speake4        ,let hollie wand threate1
      ,let fisgig be beate4    #g  ,a   
wand in thy hand1 though ye fight not at

 all1  makes youth to their businesse   
better to fall4    #h  ,for feare of    
foole had ,i wist#b;,e#dcf cause thee to
 waile1  let fisgig be taught to shut   
doore after taile4        ,too easie the
 wicket1      ,will still appease       
clicket4    #i  ,with hir that will     
clicket make daunger to cope1  least    
quickly hir wicket seeme easie to ope4  
#aj  ,as rod little mendeth where maners
 be spilt1  so naught will be naught say
 and do what thou wilt4        ,fight   
seldome ye shall      ,but vse not to   
brall4    #aa  ,much bralling with      
seruant1 what man can abide8  pay home  
when thou fightest1 but loue not to     
chide4    #ab  ,as order is heauenly    
where quiet is had1  so error is hell1  
or a mischiefe as bad4        ,what     
better a lawe      ,than subjects in    
awe8    #ac  ,such awe as a warning will
 cause to beware1  doth make the whole  
houshold the better to fare4    #ad     
,the lesse of thy counsell thy seruants 
doe knowe1  ,their dutie the better such

 seruants shall showe4        ,good     
musicke regard1      ,good seruants     
reward4    #ae  ,such seruants are      
oftenest painfull and good1  that sing  
in their labour1 as birdes in the wood4 
#af  ,good seruants hope iustly some    
friendship to feele1  and looke to haue 
fauour what time they do weele4         
,by once or twise      ,tis time to be  
wise4    #ag  ,take runagate ,robin1 to 
pitie his neede1  and looke to be       
filched1 as sure as thy creede4    #ah  
,take warning by once1 that a worse do  
not hap1  foresight is the stopper of   
many a gap4        ,some change for a   
shift1      ,oft change1 small thrift4  
#ai  ,make fewe of thy counsell to      
change for the best1  least one that is 
trudging infecteth the rest4    #bj     
,the stone that is rolling can gather no
 mosse1,e#dcg  for maister and seruant1 
oft changing is losse4        ,both     
liberall sticketh1      ,some prouender 
pricketh4    ,sidenote3 ,one liberall4  
#ba  ,one dog for a hog1 and one cat for

 a mouse1  one readie to giue is ynough 
in a house3    #bb  ,one gift ill       
accepted1 keepe next in thy purse1  whom
 prouender pricketh are often the wurse4
    #a ,how daintie some be4 #aegc4     
#b ,a wise man saith not1 had ,i        
wist4--,uncertain ,author in ,tottel's  
,miscellany 7p4 #bdd1 ,arber's ed474    
#gh4     ,brewing4          ,brew       
somewhat for thine1      ,else bring vp 
no swine4    ,sidenote3 ,brewing4    #a 
,where brewing is needfull1 be brewer   
thy selfe1  what filleth the roofe will 
helpe furnish the shelfe3    #b  ,in    
buieng of drinke1 by the firkin or pot1 
the tallie ariseth1 but hog amendes     
not4#a        ,well brewed1 worth cost1 
,ill vsed1 halfe lost4    #c  ,one      
bushell well brewed1 outlasteth some    
twaine1  and saueth both mault1 and     
expences in vaine4#b    #d  ,too new is 
no profite1 too stale is as bad1  drinke
 dead or else sower makes laborer       
sad4,e#dch        ,remember good ,gill1 
,take paine with thy swill4             

,sidenote3 ,sething of graines4    #e   
,seeth grains in more water1 while      
grains be yet hot1  and stirre them in  
copper1 as poredge in pot4    #f  ,such 
heating with straw1 to haue offall good 
store1  both pleaseth and easeth1 what  
would ye haue more8    #a ,score        
quickely ariseth1 hog profiteth not4    
#aegg4    #b ,two troubles for nothing1 
is cost to no gaine4 #aegg4             
#gi4     ,baking4,e#dci          ,newe  
bread is a driuell4      ,much crust is 
as euill4    ,sidenote3 ,baking4    #a  
,new bread is a waster1 but mouldie is  
wurse1  what that way dog catcheth1 that
 loseth the purse4    #b  ,much dowebake
 ,i praise not1 much crust is as ill1   
the meane is the ,huswife1 say nay if ye
 will4          #hj4     ,cookerie4     
,good cookerie craueth1      ,good      
turnebroch saueth4    ,sidenote3        
,cookerie4    #a  ,good cooke to dresse 
dinner1 to bake and to brewe1  deserues 
a rewarde1 being honest and trewe4    #b
  ,good diligent turnebroch and trustie 

withall1  is sometime as needfull as    
some in the hall4          #ha4         
,dairie4          ,good dairie doth     
pleasure1      ,ill dairie spendes      
treasure4    ,sidenote3 ,dairie4    #a  
,good huswife in dairie1 that needes not
 be tolde1  deserueth hir fee to be paid
 hir in golde4    #b  ,ill seruant      
neglecting what huswiferie saies1       
deserueth hir fee to be paid hir with   
baies4,e#ddj        ,good droie,e#dda   
woorth much4#a      ,marke sluts and    
such4    #c  ,good droie to serue hog1  
to helpe wash1 and to milke1  more      
needfull is truelie than some in their  
silke4    #d  ,though homelie be milker1
 let cleanlie be cooke1  for a slut and 
a slouen be knowne by their looke4      
,in dairie no cat1      ,laie bane for a
 rat4    ,sidenote3 ,traps for rats4    
#e  ,though cat 7a good mouser7 doth    
dwell in a house1  yet euer in dairie   
haue trap for a mouse4    #f  ,take     
heede how thou laiest the bane for the  
rats1  for poisoning seruant1 thy selfe 

and thy brats4    #a ,though droy be1   
etc4 #aegg4          #hb4     ,scouring4
          ,no scouring for pride1       
,spare kettle whole side4    ,sidenote3 
,scouring4    #a  ,though scouring be   
needfull1 yet scouring too mutch1  is   
pride without profit1 and robbeth#a     
thine hutch4    #b  ,keepe kettles from 
knocks1 set tubs out of ,sun1  for      
mending is costlie1 and crackt is soone 
dun4    #a rubbeth4 #aegc1 #aegg4       
#hc4    ,washing4          ,take heede  
when ye wash1      ,else run in the     
lash4    ,sidenote3 ,washing4    #a     
,maids1 wash well and wring well1 but   
beat ye wot how1  if any lack beating1  
,i feare it be yow4    #b  ,in washing  
by hand1 haue an eie to thy boll1  for  
launders and millers1 be quick of their 
toll4        ,drie sunne1 drie winde1   
,safe binde1 safe finde4    #c  ,go wash
 well1 saith ,sommer1 with sunne ,i     
shall drie1  go wring well1 saith       
,winter1 with winde so shall ,i4    #d  
,to trust without heede is to venter a  

ioint1  giue tale and take count1 is a  
huswifelie point4        ,where many be 
packing1      ,are manie things lacking4
    #e  ,where hens fall a cackling1    
take heede to their nest1  where drabs  
fall a whispring1 take heede to the     
rest4    #f  ,through negligent         
huswifes1 are many things lacking1  and 
,gillet suspected will quickly be       
packing4          #hd4    ,malting4     
,ill malting is theft1      ,wood dride 
hath a weft4    ,sidenote3 ,malting4    
#a  ,house may be so handsome1 and      
skilfulnes such1  to make thy owne malt1
 it shall profit thee much4    #b  ,som 
drieth with strawe1 and some drieth with
 wood1  wood asketh more charge1 and    
nothing so good4,e#ddb        ,take     
heede to the kell1      ,sing out as a  
bell4    #c  ,be suer no chances to fier
 can drawe1  the wood1 or the furzen1   
the brake or the strawe4    #d  ,let    
,gillet be singing1 it doth verie well1 
to keepe hir from sleeping and burning  
the kell4        ,best dride best       

speedes1      ,ill kept1 bowd breedes4  
#e  ,malt being well speered1 the more  
it will cast1  malt being well dried1   
the longer will last4    #f  ,long kept 
in ill soller1 7vndoubted thou shalt17  
through bowds without number loose      
quickly thy malt4,e#ddc          #he4   
,dinner matters4          ,for hunger or
 thirst1      ,serue cattle well first4 
,sidenote3 ,dinner time4    #a  ,by     
noone,e#ddd see your dinner1 be readie  
and neate1  let meate tarrie seruant1   
not seruant his meate4    #b  ,plough   
cattle a baiting1 call seruant to       
dinner1  the thicker togither1 the      
charges the thinner4        ,togither is
 best1      ,for hostis and gest4    #ca
  ,due season is best1 altogither is    
gay1  dispatch hath no fellow1 make     
short and away4    #d  ,beware of ,gill 
laggoose1 disordring thy house1  mo     
dainties who catcheth1 than craftie fed 
mouse6        ,let such haue ynough1    
,that follow the plough4    #e  ,giue   
seruant no dainties1 but giue him       

ynough1  too many chaps walking1,e#dde  
do begger the plough4    #f  ,poore     
seggons halfe starued worke faintly and 
dull1  and lubbers doo loiter1 their    
bellies too full4        ,giue neuer too
 much1      ,to lazie and such4    #g   
,feede lazie that thresheth a flap and a
 tap1  like slothfull1 that all day be  
stopping a gap4    #h  ,some litherly   
lubber more eateth than twoo1  yet      
leaueth vndone that another will doo4   
,where nothing will last1      ,spare   
such as thou hast4    #i  ,some cutteth 
thy linnen1 some spoileth#b their broth1
  bare table to some doth as well as a  
cloth4    #aj  ,treene dishes be homely1
 and yet not to lack1  where stone is no
 laster take tankard and iack4          
,knap boy on the thums1      ,and saue  
him his crums4    #aa  ,that pewter is  
neuer for manerly feastes1  that daily  
doth serue so vnmanerly beastes4    #ab 
,some gnaweth and leaueth1 some crusts  
and some crums1  eat such their own     
leuings1 or gnaw their own thums4       

,serue ,god euer furst1      ,take      
nothing at wurst4    ,sidenote3 ,grace  
before and after meate4    #ac  ,at     
,dinner1 at ,supper1 at morning1 at     
night1  giue thankes vnto ,god1 for his 
gifts so in#c sight4    #ad  ,good      
husband and huswife1 will sometime      
alone1  make shift with a morsell and   
picke of a bone4        ,inough thou art
 tolde1      ,too much will not holde4  
#ae  ,three dishes well dressed1 and    
welcome withall1  both pleaseth thy     
friend and becommeth thine hall4    #af 
,enough is a plentie1,e#ddf too much is 
a pride1  the plough with ill holding1  
goes quicklie aside4    #a ,stanzas     
#c-ab are not in #aegg4    #b spilleth4 
#aegg4    #c in thy4 #aegg4             
#hf4     ,afternoone workes4            
,make companie breake1      ,go cherish 
the weake4    ,sidenote3 ,afternoone    
workes4    #a  ,when ,dinner is ended1  
set seruants to wurke1  and follow such 
fellowes#a as loueth to lurke4    #b    
,to seruant in sicknesse see nothing ye 

grutch1  a thing of a trifle shall      
comfort him mutch4        ,who manie do 
feede1      ,saue much they had neede4  
#c  ,put chippings,e#ddg in dippings1   
vse parings to saue1  fat capons or     
chickens that lookest to haue4    #d    
,saue droppings and skimmings1 how euer 
ye doo1  for medcine for cattell1 for   
cart and for shoo4        ,leane capon  
vnmeete1      ,deere fed is vnsweete4   
#e  ,such ofcorne as commeth giue wife  
to hir fee1  feede willingly such as do 
helpe to feede thee4    #f  ,though fat 
fed is daintie1 yet this ,i thee warne1 
be cunning in fatting for robbing thy   
barne4       ,peece hole to defende4    
,things timely amende4    #g  ,good     
semsters be sowing of fine pretie       
knackes1  good huswifes be mending and  
peecing their sackes4    #h  ,though    
making and mending be huswifely waies1  
yet mending in time is the huswife to   
praies4        ,buie newe as is meete1  
,marke blanket and sheete4    #i        
,though ,ladies may rend and buie new   

ery day1  good huswifes must mend and   
buie new as they may4    #aj  ,call     
quarterly seruants to court and to      
leete1,e#ddh  write euerie ,couerlet1   
,blanket1 and ,sheete4        ,shift    
slouenly elfe1      ,be gayler thy      
selfe4    #aa  ,though shifting too oft 
be a theefe in a house1  yet shift slut 
and slouen for feare of a louse4    #ab 
,graunt doubtfull no key of his chamber 
in purse1  least chamber doore lockt be 
to theeuerie a nurse4        ,saue      
feathers for gest1      ,these other rob
 chest4    ,sidenote3 ,saue feathers4   
#ac  ,saue wing for a thresher1 when    
,gander doth die1  saue feather of all  
thing1 the softer to lie4    #ad  ,much 
spice is a theefe1 so is candle and     
fier1  sweete sauce is as craftie as    
euer was frier4        ,wife make thine 
owne candle1      ,spare pennie to      
handle4    ,sidenote3 ,candle making4   
#ae  ,prouide for thy tallow1 ere frost 
commeth in1  and make thine owne candle1
 ere winter begin4    #af  ,if pennie   

for all thing be suffred to trudge1     
trust long1 not to pennie1 to haue him  
thy drudge4    #a marchants4 #aegg4     
#hg4     ,euening workes4          ,time
 drawing to night1      ,see all things 
go right4    ,sidenote3 ,euening workes4
    #a  ,when hennes go to roost go in  
hand to dresse meate1  serue hogs and to
 milking and some to serue neate4    #b 
,where twaine be ynow1 be not serued    
with three1  more knaues in a companie  
worser they bee4        ,make lackey to 
trudge1      ,make seruant thy drudge4  
#c  ,for euerie trifle leaue ianting thy
 nag1  but rather make lackey of ,jack  
boie thy wag4    #d  ,make seruant at   
night lug in wood or a log1  let none   
come in emptie but slut and thy dog4    
,false knaue readie prest1      ,all    
safe is the best4    #e  ,where pullen  
vse nightly to pearch in the yard1      
there two legged foxes keepe watches and
 ward4    #f  ,see cattle well serued1  
without and within1  and all thing at   
quiet ere supper begin4        ,take    

heede it is needeful1      ,true pittie 
is meedeful4    #g  ,no clothes in      
garden1 no trinkets without1  no doore  
leaue vnbolted1 for feare of a dout4    
#h  ,thou woman whom pitie becommeth the
 best1  graunt all that hath laboured   
time to take rest4          #hh4        
,supper matters4          ,vse mirth and
 good woorde1      ,at bed and at       
boorde4    ,sidenote3 ,supper time      
huswiferie4    #a  ,provide for thy     
husband1 to make him good cheere1  make 
merrie togither1 while time ye be heere4
    #b  ,at bed and at boord1 howsoeuer 
befall1  what euer ,god sendeth be      
merrie withall4        ,no brawling     
make1      ,no ielousie take4    #c  ,no
 taunts before seruants1 for hindring of
 fame1  no iarring too loude for        
auoyding of shame4    #d  ,as fransie   
and heresie roueth togither1  so        
iealousie leadeth a foole ye wot        
whither4        ,tend such as ye haue1  
,stop talkatiue knaue4    #e  ,yong     
children and chickens would euer be     

eating1  good seruants looke dulie for  
gentle intreating4    #f  ,no seruant at
 table vse sausly to talke1  least      
tongue set at large out of measure do   
walke4        ,no snatching at all1     
,sirs1 hearken now all4    #g  ,no      
lurching1,e#ddi no snatching1 no        
striuing at all1  least one go without  
and another haue all4    #h  ,declare   
after ,supper1 take heede therevnto1    
what worke in the morning ech seruant   
shall do4          #hi4     ,after      
supper matters4          ,thy soule hath
 a clog1      ,forget not thy dog4      
,sidenote3 ,workes after supper4    #a  
,remember those children whose parents  
be poore1  which hunger1 yet dare not   
craue#a at thy doore4    #b  ,thy       
,bandog,e#dej that serueth for diuerse  
mishaps1  forget not to giue him thy    
bones and thy scraps4        ,make keies
 to be keepers1      ,to bed ye         
sleepers4    #c  ,where mouthes be many1
 to spend that thou hast1  set keies to 
be keepers1 for spending too fast4    #d

  ,to bed after supper let drousie go   
sleepe1  least knaue in the darke to his
 marrow do creepe4        ,keepe keies  
as thy life1      ,feare candle good    
wife4    #e  ,such keies lay vp safe1   
ere ye take ye to rest1  of dairie1 of  
buttrie1 of cubboord and chest4    #f   
,feare candle in hailoft1 in barne1 and 
in shed1  feare flea smocke and         
mendbreech1 for burning their bed4      
,see doore lockt fast1      ,two keies  
make wast4    #g  ,a doore without locke
 is a baite for a knaue1  a locke       
without key is a foole that will haue4  
#h  ,one key to two locks1 if it breake 
is a greefe1  two keies to one locke in 
the ende is a theefe4        ,night     
workes troubles hed1      ,locke doores 
and to bed4    #i  ,the day willeth done
 whatsoeuer ye bid1  the night is a     
theefe1 if ye take not good hid4    #aj 
,wash dishes1 lay leauens1 saue fire and
 away1  locke doores and to bed1 a good 
huswife will say4        ,to bed know   
thy guise1      ,to rise do likewise4   

,sidenote3 ,bed time4    #aa  ,in winter
 at nine1 and in sommer at ten1  to bed 
after supper both maidens and men4      
,sidenote3 ,time to rise4    #ab  ,in   
winter at fiue a clocke1 seruant arise1 
in sommer at foure is verie good        
guise4,e#dea        ,loue so as ye may  
,loue many a day4    #ac  ,be lowly not 
sollen1 if ought go amisse1  what       
wresting may loose thee1 that winne with
 a kisse4    #ad  ,both beare and       
forebeare now and then as ye may1  then1
 wench ,god a mercie1 thy husband will  
say4    #a to4 #aegg4          #ij4     
,the ploughmans feasting daies4         
,this would not be slept1      ,old     
guise must be kept4    #a  ,good        
huswiues1 whom ,god hath enriched       
ynough1    forget not the feastes that  
belong to the plough4  ,the meaning is  
onelie to ioie and be glad1    for      
comfort with labour is fit to be had4   
,sidenote3 ,leicestershire4             
,plough ,monday4,e#deb  #b  ,plough     
,monday1 next after that ,twelftide is  

past1    bids out with the plough1 the  
woorst husband is last4  ,if ploughman  
get hatchet or whip to the skreene1     
maides loseth their cock if no water be 
seene4,e#dec    ,sidenote3 ,essex and   
,suffolke4        ,shroftide4,e#ded  #c 
,at ,shroftide to shrouing1 go thresh   
the fat hen1    if blindfild can kill   
hir1 then giue it thy men4  ,maides1    
fritters and pancakes ynow see ye make3 
let slut haue one pancake1 for companie 
sake4      ,sidenote3 ,northamptonshire4
        ,sheepe shearing4  #d  ,wife    
make vs a dinner1 spare flesh neither   
corne1    make wafers and cakes1 for our
 sheepe must be shorne4  ,at sheepe     
shearing neighbours none other thing    
craue1    but good cheere and welcome   
like neighbours to haue4    ,sidenote3  
,leicestershire4        ,the wake       
day4,e#dee  #e  ,fill ouen full of      
flawnes1,e#def ,ginnie passe not for    
sleepe1    to morow thy father his wake 
day will keepe4  ,then euerie wanton may
 daunce at hir will1    both ,tomkin    

with ,tomlin1 and ,jankin with ,gill4   
,haruest home4  #f  ,for all this good  
feasting1 yet art thou not loose1       
till ploughman thou giuest his haruest  
home goose4,e#deg  ,though goose go in  
stubble1 ,i passe not for that1    let  
goose haue a goose1 be she leane1 be she
 fat4    ,sidenote3 ,essex and          
,suffolke4        ,seede cake4  #g      
,wife1 some time this weeke1 if the     
wether hold cleere1    an end of wheat  
sowing we make for this yeere4          
,remember you therefore though ,i doo it
 not3    the seede ,cake1 the ,pasties1 
and ,furmentie pot4,e#deh        ,twise 
a week roast4  #h  ,good ploughmen looke
 weekly1 of custome and right1    for   
roast meat on ,sundaies and ,thursdaies 
at night4  ,this dooing and keeping such
 custome and guise1    they call thee   
good huswife1 they loue thee likewise4  
#ia4     ,the good huswifelie ,physicke4
      #a  ,good huswiues prouides1 ere  
an sicknes doo come1    of sundrie good 
things in hir house to haue some4  ,good

 ,aqua composita1,e#dei ,vineger tart1  
,rose water and treakle1 to comfort the 
hart4    #b  ,cold herbes in hir garden 
for agues that burne1    that ouer      
strong heat to good temper may turne4   
,while ,endiue and ,suckerie1 with      
,spinnage ynough1    all such with good 
pot herbes should follow the plough4    
#c  ,get water of ,fumentorie1 ,liuer to
 coole1    and others the like1 or els  
lie like a foole4  ,conserue of the     
,barberie1 ,quinces and such1    with   
,sirops that easeth the sickly so much4 
,sidenote3 ,physition4    #d  ,aske     
,medicus counsell1 ere medcine ye make1 
and honour that man1 for necessities    
sake4  ,though thousands hate physick1  
because of the cost1    yet thousands it
 helpeth1 that else should be lost4     
,sidenote3 ,good diet4    #e  ,good     
broth and good keping do much now and   
than1    good diet with wisedome best   
comforteth man4  ,in health to be       
stirring shall profit the best1    in   
sicknes hate trouble1 seke quiet and    

rest4    ,sidenote3 ,thinke on thy soule
 and haue a good hope4    #f  ,remember 
thy soule1 let no fansie preuaile1      
make readie to ,godward1 let faith neuer
 quaile4  ,the sooner thy selfe thou    
submittest to ,god1    the sooner he    
ceaseth to scourge with his rod4        
#ib4     ,the good motherlie nurserie4  
#a  ,good huswiues take paine1 and doo  
count it good luck1    to make their    
owne brest their owne childe to giue    
suck4  ,though wrauling and rocking be  
noisome so neare1    yet lost by ill    
nursing is woorser to heare4    #b  ,but
 one thing ,i warne thee1 let huswife be
 nurse1    least husband doo find the   
too franke with his purse4  ,what       
hilback and filbellie maketh away1      
that helpe to make good1 or else looke  
for a fraie4    #c  ,giue childe that is
 fitly1 giue babie the big1    giue     
hardnes to youth and to roperipe a twig4
  ,wee find it not spoken so often for  
naught1    that children were better    
vnborne than vntaught1    #d  ,some     

cockneies,e#dfj with cocking are made   
verie fooles1    fit neither for        
prentise1 for plough1 nor for schooles4 
,teach childe to aske blessing1 serue   
,god1 and to church1    then blesse as a
 mother1 else blesse him with burch4    
,thou huswife thus dooing1 what further 
shall nede8    but all men to call the  
good mother in dede4          #ic4      
,thinke on the poore4      ,remember the
 poore1 that for ,gods sake doo call1   
for ,god both rewardeth and blesseth    
withall4  ,take this in good part1      
whatsoeuer thou bee3    and wish me no  
woorse than ,i wish vnto thee4          
#id4     ,a comparison betweene good    
huswiferie and euill4,e#dfa             
,comparing togither1 good huswife with  
bad1      ,the knowledge of either1 the 
better is had4    #a  ,ill huswiferie   
lieth    till nine of the clock4  ,good 
huswiferie trieth    to rise with the   
cock4    #b  ,ill huswiferie tooteth1   
to make hir selfe braue4,e#dfb  ,good   
huswiferie looketh    what houshold must

 haue4    #c  ,ill huswiferie trusteth  
to him and to hir4  ,good huswiferie    
lusteth    hir selfe for to stir4    #d 
,ill huswiferie careth    for this nor  
for that4  ,good huswiferie spareth     
for feare ye wot what4    #e  ,ill      
huswiferie pricketh    hir selfe vp in  
pride4  ,good huswiferie tricketh    hir
 house as a bride4    #f  ,ill          
huswiferie othing    or other must      
craue4  ,good huswiferie nothing1    but
 needfull will haue4    #g  ,ill        
huswiferie mooueth    with gossep to    
spend4  ,good huswiferie loueth    hir  
houshold to tend4    #h  ,ill huswiferie
 wanteth    with spending too fast4     
,good huswiferie canteth#a;,e#dfc    the
 lenger to last4    #i  ,ill huswiferie 
easeth    hir selfe with vnknowne4      
,good huswiferie pleaseth    hir selfe  
with hir owne4    #aj  ,ill huswiferie  
brooketh    mad toies in hir hed4  ,good
 huswiferie looketh    that all things  
be fed4    #aa  ,ill huswiferie bringeth
    a shilling to naught4  ,good        

huswiferie singeth1    hir cofers full  
fraught4    #ab  ,ill huswiferie        
rendeth1    and casteth aside4  ,good   
huswiferie mendeth1    else would it go 
wide4    #ac  ,ill huswiferie sweepeth  
her linnen to gage4  ,good huswiferie   
keepeth1    to serue hir in age4    #ad 
,ill huswiferie craueth    in secret to 
borow4  ,good huswiferie saueth    to   
day for to morow4    #ae  ,ill          
huswiferie pineth1    not hauing to     
eate4  ,good huswiferie dineth1    with 
plentie of meate4    #af  ,ill          
huswiferie letteth    the ,diuell take  
all4  ,good huswiferie setteth    good  
brag of a small4        ,good huswife   
good fame hath of best in the towne1    
,ill huswife ill name hath of euerie    
clowne4    #a scanteth4 #aegg4    ,thus 
endeth the booke of ,huswiferie4        
#ie4    ,for men a perfect warning  ,how
 childe shall come by larning4      #a  
,all you that faine would learne the    
perfect waie1  ,to haue your childe in  
,musick something sene1  ,aske nature   

first what thereto she doth saie1  ,ere 
further suite ye make to such a ,quene4 
,for doubtlesse ,grossum caput is not he
  ,of whom the learned ,muses sene will 
be4,e#dfd    #b  ,once tride that nature
 trim hath done hir part1  ,and ,ladie  
,musick farre#a in loue withall1  ,be   
wise who first doth teach thy childe    
that ,art1  ,least homelie breaker mar  
fine ambling ball4,e#dfe  ,not rod in   
mad braines hand is that can helpe1     
,but gentle skill doth make the proper  
whelpe4    #c  ,where choise is hard1   
count good for well a fine1,e#dff       
,skill mixt with will1 is he that       
teacheth best3  ,let this suffice for   
teaching childe of thine1  ,choose      
quickly well for all the lingring rest4 
,mistaught at first how seldome prooueth
 well6  ,trim taught1 ,o ,god1 how      
shortly doth excell6    #d  ,although as
 ships must tarrie winde and tide1  ,and
 perfect howers abide their stinted     
time2  ,so likewise1 though of learning 
dailie tride1  ,space must be had ere   

wit may thereto clime4  ,yet easie      
steps1 and perfect way to trust1  ,doth 
cause good spede1 confesse of force we  
must4    #e  ,thus in the childe though 
wit ynough we finde1  ,and teacher good 
nere hand or other where1  ,and time as 
apt as may be thought with minde1  ,nor 
cause in such thing much to doubt or    
feare4  ,yet cocking ,mams1,e#dfg and   
shifting ,dads,e#dfh from schooles1     
,make pregnant wits to prooue vnlearned 
fooles4    #f  ,ere learning come1 to   
haue first art thou taught1  ,apt       
learning childe1 apt time that thing to 
frame1  ,apt cunning man to teach1 else 
all is naught1  ,apt parents1 glad to   
bring to passe the same4  ,on such apt  
ground the ,muses loue to bilde1  ,this 
lesson learne2 adue else learned child4 
#a 8 faire #afad4    ,in the edition of 
#aegc1 ,the ,sonnet to ,lady ,paget1    
which follows the  ,posies1 is placed   
here4          #if4     ,the description
 of a womans age by vi4 times xiiij     
yeeres  prentiship1 with a lesson to the

 same4      #ad4  ,two first seuen      
yeeres1 for a rod they doe whine1       
#bh4  ,two next1 as a perle in the world
 they doe shine1    #db4  ,two next1    
trim beautie beginneth to swerue1       
#ef4  ,two next1 for matrones or drudges
 they serue1    #gj4  ,two next1 doth   
craue a staffe for a stay1    #hd4  ,two
 next1 a beere to fetch them away4    ,a
 ,lesson 7 ,then purchase some pelfe1   
7 by fiftie and thre3           7 or    
buckle thy selfe1           7 a drudge  
for to be4          #ig4     ,the       
,inholders posie4#a      #a  ,at meales 
my friend who vitleth here1 and sitteth 
with his host1  ,shall both be sure of  
better chere1 and scape with lesser     
cost4,e#dfi    #b  ,but he that will    
attendance haue1 a chamber by himselfe1 
,must more regard what pains do craue   
than passe of worldly pelfe4    #c  ,let
 no man looke to purchase linne,e#dgj   
with pinching by the waie1  ,but laie   
before he takes his ,inne to make his   
purse to paie4    #d  ,for nothing paie 

and nothing praie1 in ,inne it is the   
gise1  ,where no point gain1 there no   
point pain1 think this if you be wise4  
#e  ,for toiling much and spoiling more1
 great charge smal gains or none1       
,soone sets thine host at needams       
shore1#b;,e#dga to craue the beggers    
bone4    #f  ,foreseing this1 come day  
or night1 take vp what place ye please4 
,vse mine as thine1 let fortune spight1 
and boldly take thine ease4    #a ,not  
in edition of #aegc4    #b ,a pun       
recorded by ,ray4 ,needham is in        
,suffolk 7,m474          #ih4           
,certaine ,table ,lessons4      #a      
,friend1 eat lesse1 and drinke lesse1#a 
and buie thee a knife1    else looke for
 a caruer not alway too rife4  ,some    
kniueles their daggers for brauerie     
weare1    that often for surfetting     
neede not to feare4,e#dgb    #b  ,at    
dinner and supper the table doth craue  
good fellowly neighbour good manner to  
haue4  ,aduise thee well therefore1 ere 
tongue be too free1    or slapsauce be  

noted too saucie to bee4    #c  ,if     
anything wanteth or seemeth amis1    to 
call for or shew it1 good maner it is4  
,but busie fault finder1 and saucie     
withall1    is roister like ruffen1 no  
manner at all4    #d  ,some cutteth the 
napkin1 some trencher will nick1    some
 sheweth like follie1 in many a trick4  
,let such apish#b bodie so toieng at    
meate1    go toie with his nodie1 like  
ape in the streate4,e#dgc    #e  ,some  
commeth vnsent for1 not for thy good    
cheere1    but sent#c as a spiall1 to   
listen and heere4  ,which being once    
knowne1 for a knaue let him go1    for  
knaue will be knauish1 his nature is so4
    #a eateles and drinkles4 #aegg4     
#b ,let apishle4 #aegg4    #c bent4     
#aegg4          #ii4     ,lessons for   
waiting servants4      #a  ,one diligent
 seruiture1 skilfull to waight1    more 
comelieth thy table than other some     
eight1  ,that stand for to listen1 or   
gasing about1    not minding their      
dutie1 within nor without4    #b  ,such 

waiter is fautie that standeth so by1   
vnmindful of seruice1 forgetting his ey4
  ,if maister to such giue a bone for to
 gnaw1    he doth but his office1 to    
teach such a daw4    #c  ,such seruiture
 also deserueth a check1    that runneth
 out fisging,e#dgd with meat in his     
beck4  ,such rauening puttocks for      
vittles so trim1    would haue a good   
maister to puttock with him4    #d  ,who
 daily can suffer1 or else can afoord1  
his meat so vp snatched that comes from 
his boord8  ,so tossed#a with           
cormorants1 here and there some1    and 
others to want it that orderlie come8   
#e  ,good seruiture waieth 7once dinner 
begon17    what asketh attendance and   
what to be don4  ,so purchasing maister 
a praise with the best1    gets praise  
to himselfe1 both of maister and gest4  
#a toesed4 #aegg4          #ajj4        
,husbandly posies for the hall4      #a 
,friend1 here ,i dwell1 and here ,i haue
 a little worldly pelfe1  ,which on my  
friend ,i kepe to spend1 as well as on  

my selfe4    #b  ,what euer fare you hap
 to finde1 take welcome for the best1   
,that hauing then disdaine thou not1 for
 wanting of the rest4    #c             
,backbiting,e#dge talk that flattering  
blabs know wily how to blenge1  ,the    
wise doth note1 the friend,e#dgf doth   
hate1 the enmie will reuenge4    #d     
,the wise will spend or giue or lend1   
yet kepe to haue in store1  ,if fooles  
may haue from hand to mouth1 they passe 
vpon no more4    #e  ,where ease is     
sought1 at length we se1 there plentie  
waxeth scant1  ,who careles liues go    
borow must1 or else full often want4    
#f  ,the world doth think the welthy man
 is he that least shall ned1  ,but true 
it is the godlie#a man is he that best  
shall sped4    #a ,cf4 ante1 ch4 #gb1   
st4 #b4          #aja4     ,posies for  
the parler4      #a  ,as hatred is the  
serpents noisome rod1  ,so friendship is
 the louing gift of ,god4    #b  ,the   
dronken friend is friendship very euill1
  ,the frantike friend is friendship for

 the ,deuill4    #c  ,the quiet friend  
all one in word and dede  ,great comfort
 is1 like ready gold at nede4    #d     
,with bralling fooles that wrall for    
euerie wrong1  ,firme friendship neuer  
can continue long4    #e  ,in time that 
man shall seldome friendship mis1  ,that
 waith what thing touch kept in         
friendship is4    #f  ,oft times a      
friend is got with easie cost1  ,which  
vsed euill is oft as quickly lost4    #g
  ,hast thou a friend1 as hart may wish 
at will8  ,then vse him so to haue his  
friendship still4    #h  ,wouldst haue a
 friend1 wouldst knowe what friend is   
best8  ,haue ,god thy friend1 who       
passeth all the rest4          #ajb4    
,posies for the gests chamber4      #a  
,the slouen and the careles man1 the    
roinish,e#dgg nothing nice1  ,to lodge  
in chamber comely deckt1 are seldome    
suffred twice4    #b  ,with curteine som
 make scaberd clene1 with couerlet their
 shoo1  ,all dirt and mire some wallow  
bed1 as spanniels vse to doo4    #c     

,though bootes and spurs be nere so     
foule1 what passeth some thereon8  ,what
 place they foule1 what thing they      
teare1 by tumbling thervpon4    #d      
,foule male some cast on faire boord1 be
 carpet nere so clene1  what maners     
careles maister hath1 by knaue his man  
is sene4    #e  ,some make the chimnie  
chamber pot to smell like filthie sink1 
,yet who so bold1 so soone to say1      
fough1 how these houses stink8    #f    
,they therefore such as make no force   
what comly thing they spil1  ,must haue 
a cabben like themselues1 although      
against their wil4    #g  ,but gentlemen
 will gently doe where gentlenes is     
sheawd1  ,obseruing this1 with loue     
abide1 or else hence all beshreawd4     
#ajc4     ,posies for thine owne bed    
chamber4      #a  ,what wisdom more1    
what better life1 than pleseth ,god to  
send8  what worldly goods1 what longer  
vse1 than pleseth ,god to lend8    #b   
,what better fare than well content1    
agreing with thy wealth8#a  what better 

gest1 than trustie friend1 in sicknes   
and in health8    #c  ,what better bed  
than conscience good1#b to passe the    
night with slepe8  what better worke    
than daily care fro sinne thy selfe to  
kepe8    #d  ,what better thought1 than 
think on ,god and daily him to serue8   
,what better gift than to the poore that
 ready be to sterue8    #e  ,what       
greater praise of ,god and man1 than    
mercie for to shew8#c  who merciles     
shall mercie finde1 that mercie shewes  
to few8    #f  ,what worse despaire1    
than loth to die for feare to go to     
hell8  what greater faith than trust in 
,god1 through ,christ in heauen to      
dwell8    #a what mirth to godly welth4 
#aegg4    #b quiet rest4 #aegg4    #c   
----than hatred to forsake  ,what       
merciles shall mercy get1 that mercy    
none will take4 #aegg4    #aegc ,m44    
#ajd4     ,a ,sonet to the ,ladie       
,paget4      #a  ,some pleasures take1  
and cannot giue1  but onely make        
poore thanks their shift3  ,some meaning

 well1  in debt doo liue1  and cannot   
tell    how else to shift4    #b  ,some 
knock and faine  would ope the doore1   
to learne the vaine    good turne to    
praise3  ,some shew good face1  and be  
but poore1  yet haue a grace1    good   
fame to raise4    #c  ,some owe and     
giue1  yet still in det1  and so must   
liue1    for aught ,i knowe3  ,some wish
 to pay1  and cannot get1  but night and
 day    still more must owe4    #d      
,euen so must ,i1 for seruice past1     
,still wish you good while life doth    
last4          #aje4     ,principall    
points of ,religion4      #a  ,to praie 
to ,god continually1  ,to learne to know
 him rightfully4    #b  ,to honour ,god 
in ,trinitie1    #c  ,the ,trinitie in  
vnitie4  ,the ,father in his maiestie1  
,the ,sonne in his humanitie1  ,the     
holie ,ghosts benignitie1  ,three       
persons1 one in ,deitie4    #d  ,to     
serue him alway holily1    #e  ,to aske 
him all thing needfully1    #f  ,to     
praise him in all companie1#a    #g  ,to

 loue him alway hartilie1#b    #h  ,to  
dread him alway christianlie1#c    #i   
,to aske him mercie penitently1#d    #aj
  ,to trust him alway faithfully1    #aa
  ,to obey him alway willingly1    #ab  
,to abide him alway patiently1    #ac   
,to thanke him alway thankfully1    #ad 
,to liue here alway vertuously1    #ae  
,to vse thy neighbour honestly1    #af  
,to looke for death still               
presently1,e#dgh    #ag  ,to helpe the  
poore in miserie1    #ah  ,to hope for  
heauens felicitie1    #ai  ,to haue     
faith hope and charitie1    #bj  ,to    
count this life but vanitie3  be points 
of ,christianitie4    #a alway worthely4
 #aegg4    #b steadfastlie4 #aegc 7,m471
 #aegg4    #c fearfullie4 #aegc 7,m471  
#aegg4    #d heartilie4 #aegc 7,m471    
#aegg4          #ajf4     ,the ,authors 
beleefe4      ,sidenote3 ,god the       
,father4    #a  ,this is my stedfast    
,crede1 my faith1 and all my trust1     
,that in the heauens there is a ,god1   
most mightie1 milde and iust4  ,a ,god  

aboue all gods1 a ,king aboue all kings1
  ,the ,lord of lords1 chiefe gouernour 
of heauen and earthly things4           
,sidenote3 ,maker of ,heauen4    #b     
,that power hath of life1 of death1 of  
heauen and hell1  ,that all thing made  
as pleaseth him1 so woonderfull to tell3
  ,that made the hanging ,skies1 so     
deckt with diuers lights1  ,of darknes  
made the cherfull daies1 and all our    
restfull nights4    ,sidenote3 ,the     
earth4    #c  ,that clad this earth with
 herbe1 with tres1 and sundrie fruites1 
,with beast1 with bird1 both wild and   
tame1 of strange and sundrie suites3    
,that intermixt the same with mines like
 veines of ,ore1  ,of siluer1 golde1 of 
precious stones1 and treasures many     
more4    ,sidenote3 ,the waters1 frost  
and snowe4    #d  ,that ioyned brookes  
to dales1 to hilles fresh water springs1
  ,with riuers swete along the medes1 to
 profit many things3  ,that made the    
hoarie frosts1 the flakie snowes so     
trim1  ,the honie deawes1 the blustering

 windes1 to serue as pleaseth him4      
,sidenote3 ,the seas4    #e  ,that made 
the surging seas1 in course to ebbe and 
flo1  ,that skilfull man with sailing   
ship1 mought trauell to and fro3  ,and  
stored so the same1 for mans vnthankfull
 sake1  ,that euery nation vnder heauen 
mought thereby profit take4             
,sidenote3 ,the soul of man4    #f      
,that gaue to man a soule1 with reason  
how to liue1  ,that doth to him and all 
things else1 his blessing dailie giue3  
,that is not sene1 yet seth how man doth
 runne his race1  ,whose dailie workes  
both good and bad1 stand knowne before  
his face4    ,sidenote3 ,thunder and    
plagues4    #g  ,that sendeth thundring 
claps1 like terrours out of hell1  ,that
 man may know a ,god there is1 that in  
the heauens doth dwel3  ,that sendeth   
threatning plagues1 to kepe our liues in
 awe1  ,his benefites if we forget1 or  
do contemne his lawe4    ,sidenote3     
,full of mercie4    #h  ,that dailie    
hateth sinne1 and loueth vertue well1   

,and is the ,god of ,abraham1 ,isac1 and
 ,israell1  ,that doth displeasure take1
 when we his lawes offend1  ,and yet    
amids his heauie wrath1 his mercie doth 
extend4    ,sidenote3 ,christ the       
,sonne4    #i  ,this is that ,lord of   
hostes1 the father of vs all1  ,the     
maker of what ere was made1 my ,god on  
whom ,i call3  ,which for the loue of   
man1 sent downe his onelie sonne1       
,begot of him before the worldes were   
any whit begonne4    ,sidenote3         
,christes birth4 ,christ1 ,god and man4 
#aj  ,this entred ,maries wombe1 as     
faith affirmeth sure1  ,conceiued by the
 holy ,ghost1 borne of that virgine     
pure2  ,this was both ,god and man1 of  
,jewes the hoped king1  ,and liued here1
 saue onely sinne1 like man in euerie   
thing4    ,sidenote3 ,christ1 our       
,messias4    #aa  ,this is that virgins 
childe1 that same most holie ,preist1   
,the lamb of ,god1 the prophet great1   
whom scripture calleth ,christ1  ,this  
that ,messias was1 of whom the ,prophet 

spake1  ,that should tread down the     
serpents head and our attonement make4  
,sidenote3 ,christes passion4    #ab    
,this ,judas did betray1 to false       
dissembling ,jewes1  ,which vnto ,pilat 
being ,judge1 did falsely him accuse3   
,who 7through that wicked ,judge7 and of
 those ,jewes despight1  ,condemned and 
tormented was1 with all the force they  
might4    #ac  ,to liuing wight more    
euill1 what could such wretches do8     
,more pearcing wounds1 more bitter      
pains1 than they did put him to8  ,they 
crowned him with thorne1 that was the   
king of kings1  ,that sought to saue the
 soule of man1 aboue all worldly things4
    ,sidenote3 ,christes death4    #ad  
,this was that ,pascall lambe whose loue
 for vs so stood1  ,that on the mount of
 ,caluerie1#a for vs did shed his blood3
  ,where hanging on the ,crosse1 no     
shame he did forsake1  ,till death giuen
 him by pearcing speare1 an ende of life
 did make4    ,sidenote3 ,christes      
buriall4    ,sidenote3 ,christes        

descension4    #ae  ,this ,ioseph seing 
dead1 the bodie thence did craue1  ,and 
tooke it forthwith from the crosse1 and 
laid it in his graue1  ,downe thence he 
went to hell1 in vsing there his        
will1,e#dgi  ,his power#b ,i meane1 his 
slained corps in tumb remaining still4  
,sidenote3 ,christes resurrection4      
,sidenote3 ,christes ascension4    #af  
,from death to life againe1 the third   
day this did rise1  ,and sene,e#dhj on  
earth to his elect1 times oft in sundrie
 wise3  ,and after into heauen1 ascend  
he did in sight1  ,and sitteth on the   
right hand there1 of ,god the father of 
might4    ,sidenote3 ,christ shall be   
our iudge4    #ag  ,where for vs        
wretches all1 his father he doth pray1  
,to haue respect vnto his death1 and put
 our sinnes away3  ,from thence with    
sounded trump1 which noise all flesh    
shall dread1  ,he shall returne with    
glorie againe1 to iudge the quicke and  
dead4    ,sidenote3 ,the ,iudges        
sentence4    #ah  ,then shall that voice

 be heard1 ,come1 come1 ye good to me1  
,hence1 hence to hell you workers euill1
 where paine shall euer be3  ,this is   
that louing ,christ1 whom ,i my ,sauiour
 call1  ,and onely put my trust in him1 
and in none else at all4    ,sidenote3  
,god the holy ,ghost4    #ai  ,in ,god  
the holy ,ghost1 ,i firmely do belieue1 
,which from the father and the sonne a  
blessed#c life giue1  ,which by the     
,prophets spake1 which doth all comfort 
send1  ,which ,i do trust shall be my   
guide1 when this my life shall ende4    
,sidenote3 ,the ,catholike ,church4     
#bj  ,a holy catholike ,church1 on earth
 ,i graunt there is1  ,and those which  
frame their liues by that1 shall neuer  
do#d amis3  ,the head whereof is        
,christ1 his word the chiefest post3    
,preseruer of this temple great1 is ,god
 the holy ,ghost4    ,sidenote3 ,the    
,communion of ,saints4    #ba  ,i do not
 doubt there is a multitude of ,saints1 
,more good is don resembling them1 than 
shewing them our plaints3  ,their faith 

and workes in ,christ1 that glorie them 
did giue1  ,which glorie we shall       
likewise haue1 if likewise we do liue4  
,sidenote3 ,forgiueness of sinnes4      
#bb  ,at ,god of heauen there is1       
forgiuenesse of our sinnes1  ,through   
,christes death1 through faith in it1   
and through none other ginnes3  ,if we  
repentant here1 his mercie dailie craue1
  ,through stedfast hope and faith in   
,christ1 forgiuenes we shall haue4      
,sidenote3 ,mans resurrection4    #bc   
,i hope and trust vpon the rising of the
 flesh1  ,this corps of mine that first 
must die1 shall rise againe afresh3     
,the soule and bodie euen then1 in one  
shall ioyned be1  ,as ,christ did rise  
from death to life1 euen so through     
,christ shall we4    ,sidenote3 ,life   
euerlasting4    #bd  ,as ,christ is     
glorified1 and neuer more shall die1    
,as ,christ ascended into heauen1       
through ,christ euen so shall ,i3  ,as  
,christ ,i count my head1 and ,i a      
member of his1  ,so ,god ,i trust for   

,christes sake1 shall settle me in blis4
    #be  ,thus here we learne of ,god1  
that there be persons thre1  ,the       
,father1 ,sonne1 the holy ,ghost1 one   
,god in trinite1  ,in substance all like
 one1 one ,god1 one ,lord1 one might1   
,whose persons yet we do diuide1 and so 
we may by right4    #bf  ,as ,god the   
,father is the maker of vs all1  ,so    
,god the ,sonne redemer is1 to whom for 
helpe we call1  ,and ,god the holy      
,ghost1 the soule of man doth winne1    
,by moouing hir to waile for grace1     
ashamed of hir sinne4    #bg  ,this is  
that ,god of gods1 whom euerie soule    
should loue1  ,whom all mens hearts     
should quake for feare his wrath on them
 to moue3  ,that this same mightie ,god1
 aboue all others chiefe1  ,shall saue  
my soule from dolefull ,hell1 is all my 
whole beliefe4    #a ,caluerine4 #aegg4 
#b soule4 #aegg4    #c proceeding4      
#aegg4    #d speede4 #aegg4             
#ajg4    ,of the omnipotencie of ,god1  
and debilitie of man4      #a  ,o ,god  

thou glorious ,god1 what god is like to 
the8  ,what life1 what strength is like 
to thine1 as al the world may see8  ,the
 heauens1 the earth1 the seas1 and all  
thy workes therein1  ,do shew 7to who   
thou wouldst to know7,e#dha what thou   
hast euer bin4    #b  ,but all the      
thoughts of man1 are bent to wretched   
euill1  ,man doth commit idolatrie      
bewitched of the ,deuill4  ,what euill  
is left vndone1 where man may haue his  
will1  ,man euer was an hypocrite1 and  
so continues still4    ,sidenote3 ,what 
these #d principal diuels do signifie4  
#c  ,what daily watch is made1 the soule
 of man to slea1  ,by ,lucifer1 by      
,belzabub1 ,mammon1 and ,asmodea8  ,in  
diuelish pride1 in wrath1 in coueting   
too much1  ,in fleshly lust the time is 
spent1 the life of man is such4    #d   
,the ioy that man hath here1 is as a    
sparke of fier1  ,his acts be like the  
smoldring smoke1 himselfe like dirt and 
mier4  ,his strength euen as a rede1 his
 age much like a flower1  ,his breth or 

life is but a puffe1 vncertaine euerie  
hower4,e#dhb    #e  ,but for the holy   
,ghost1 and for his giftes of grace1    
,the death of ,christ1 thy mercie great1
 man were in wofull case4  ,o graunt us 
therefore ,lord1 to amend that is       
amisse1  ,and when from hence we do     
depart1 to rest with thee in blisse4    
#ajh4    ,of ,almes deedes4             
,eleemosyna prodest homini in vita1 in  
morte1  post mortem4    ,out of ,s4     
,augustine4      #a  ,for onely loue to 
,god1 more ,christian like to liue1     
,and for a zeale to helpe the poore1    
thine almes daily giue4  ,let gift no   
glorie looke1,e#dhc nor euill possesse  
thy minde3  ,and for a truth these      
profites thre1 through almes shalt thou 
finde4    #b  #a ,first here the holy   
,ghost shall daily through his grace1   
,prouoke,e#dhd the to repentant life1   
,gods mercie to embrace4    #b ,of goods
 and friends 7by death7 when thou thy   
leaue must take1  ,thine almes dedes    
shall claspe thy soule1 and neuer it    

forsake4    #c  #c ,when ,god shall     
after death1 call soone for thine       
account1  thine alms then through faith 
in ,christ1 shal al things els surmount4
  ,but yet for any dede1 put thou no    
trust therein1  but put thy trust in    
,god 7through ,christ7 to pardon the thy
 sin4    #d  ,for else as cackling hen  
with noise bewraies hir nest1  ,euen so 
go thou and blaze thy deds1 and lose    
thou all the rest4          #aji4    ,of
 malus homo4    ,malus homo1 out of ,s4 
,augustine4      ,of naughtie man1 ,i   
read1 two sundrie things are ment1  ,the
 ton is man1 the other naught1 which    
ought him to repent4  ,the man we ought 
to loue1 bicause of much therein1  ,the 
euill in him we ought to hate1 euen as a
 filthie sin4  ,so doth thy daily sinnes
 the heauenly ,lord offend1  ,but when  
thou dost repent the same1 his wrath is 
at an end4          #aaj4    ,of two    
sorts of people4    ,of two sorts of    
men1 the tone good1 and tother bad1 out 
of ,s4  ,augustine4      ,since first   

the world began1 there was and shall be 
still1  ,of humane kind two sundrie     
sorts1 thon good and thother ill3       
,which till the iudgement day1 shall    
here togither dwell1  ,but then the good
 shall vp to heauen1 the bad shall downe
 to hell4          #aaa4    ,of what    
force the devil is if he be resisted4   
,diabolo cm resistitur1 est vt formica3 
,cm  ver eius suggestio recipitur1      
fortis est vt leo4    ,out of ,s4       
,augustine4    ,when ,sathan we resist1 
a ,pismier shall he be1  ,but when we   
seme to giue him place1 a ,lion then is 
he4          #aab4     ,eight of ,s4    
,barnards verses1 both in ,latine and   
,english with one  note to them         
both4#a;,e#dhe          #a      ,cur    
mundus militat1 sub vana gloria1        
,cuius prosperitas1 est transitoria8    
,tam cit labitur1 eius potentia1        
,qum vasa figuli1 qu sunt fragilia8     
#a  ,why#b so triumphes the world1 in   
pompe and glorie vaine1  ,whose state so
 happie thought1 so fickle#c doth       

remaine8  ,whose brauerie slipprie      
stands1 and doth so soone decaie1  ,as  
doth the potters pan1 compact of brittle
 claie8        #b      ,plus crede      
literis1 scriptis in glacie1      ,qum  
mundi fragilis1 van fallaci1            
,fallax in prmijs1 virtutis specie1     
,qu nunquam habuit tempus fiduci4    #b 
,more credite se thou giue1 to letters  
wrote in ise1  ,than vnto vaine deceits1
 of brittle worlds deuise4  ,in gifts to
 vertue due1 beguiling many one1  ,yet  
those same neuer haue long time to hope 
vpon4        #c      ,magis credendum   
est1 viris fallacibus1      ,qum mundi  
miseris prosperitatibus1      ,falsis   
insanijs et voluptatibus1      ,falsis  
quoque studijs et vanitatibus4    #c    
,to false dissembling men more trust is 
to be had1  ,than to the prosperous     
state of wretched world so bad3  ,what  
with voluptuousnes1 and other maddish   
toies1  ,false studies won with paine1  
false vanities and ioies4        #d     
,dic vbi ,salomon1 olim tam nobilis8    

,vel vbi ,samson est1 dux invincibilis8 
,vel dulcis ,ionathas1 multm amabilis8  
,vel pulcher ,absolon1 vultu mirabilis8 
#d  ,tell where is ,salomon1 that once  
so noble was8  ,or where now ,samson is1
 in strength whome none could pas8  ,or 
woorthie ,ionathas1 that prince so      
louely bold8  ,or faier ,absolon1 so    
goodlie to behold8        #e      ,qu   
,csar abijt1 celsus imperio8      ,vel  
,diues splendidus1 totus in prandio8    
,dic vbi ,tullius1 clarus eloquio8      
,vel ,aristoteles1 summus ingenio8    #e
  ,shew whither is ,cesar gone1 which   
conquered far and nere8  ,or that rich  
famous ,carle1,e#dhf so giuen to bellie 
chere3  ,shew where is ,tullie now1 for 
eloquence so fit8  ,or ,aristoteles1 of 
such a pregnant wit8        #f      ,o  
esca vermium6  massa pulueris6      ,o  
ros6  vanitas6 cr sic extolleris1       
,ignoras penits vtrm cras vixeris1      
,fac bonum omnibus1 qum diu poteris4    
#f  ,o thou fit bait for wormes6,e#dhg  
,o thou great heape of dust6  ,o dewe6  

,o vanitie6 why so extolst thy lust8    
,thou therefore ignorant1 what time thou
 hast to liue1  ,doe good to erie man1  
while here thou hast to giue4        #g 
,qum breue festum est1 hc mundi gloria8 
,vt umbra hominis1 sic eius gaudia1     
,qu semper subtrahit1 terna prmia1      
,et ducunt hominem1 ad dura deuia4    #g
  ,how short a feast 7to count7 is this 
same worlds renowne8  ,such as mens     
shadowes be1 such ioies it brings to    
towne4  ,which alway plucketh vs from   
,gods eternall blis3  ,and leadeth man  
to hell1 a iust reward of his4        #h
      ,hc mundi gloria1 qu magni        
penditur1      ,sacris in literis1 flos 
fni dicitur1      ,vt leue folium1 quod 
vento rapitur1      ,sic vita hominum1  
hac vita tollitur4    #h  ,the brauerie 
of this world1 estemed here so much1    
,in ,scripture likened is1 to flowre of 
grasse and such3  ,like as the leafe so 
light1 through winde abrode is blowne1  
,so life in this our life1 full soone is
 ouerthrowne4#d    #a ,these eight      

verses of ,st4 ,bernard seem to have    
been extremely  popular at one          
period4444 ,in the ',paradise of ,dainty
 ,devices1' first  printed in #aegf1 we 
find translations of the same words     
7,mason74    #b ,who4 #aegg4    #c      
unsteady4 #aegg4    #d    4444 which    
wind abrod doth blowe1  ,so doth this   
worldly life1 the life of man bestow4   
#aegg4          #aac4     ,of the       
,authors linked ,verses departing from  
,court to the ,country4#a      #a  ,muse
 not my friend to finde me here1        
77,for fortunes looke1,e#dhh  ,contented
 with this meane estate3         77,hath
 changed hew3  ,and seme to doo with    
willing chere1     77,and ,i my booke1  
,that courtier doth so deadly hate4     
77,must learne anew4    #b  ,and yet of 
force1 to learne anew1         77,but   
where a spight1  ,would much abash the  
dulled braine3       77,of force must   
be3  ,i craue to iudge if this be trew1 
77,what is that wight1  ,the truant     
child that knowth the paine4   77,may   

disagre8    #c  ,no1 no1 ,god wot1 to   
disagre1             77,for lordlie     
bent1  ,is ventring all to make or mar3 
77,must learne to spare3  ,if fortune   
frowne we dailie se1          77,and be 
content  ,it is not best to striue too  
far4         77,with countrie fare4     
#d  ,from daintie ,court to countrie    
fare1      77,where nede yet can1  ,too 
daintie fed,e#dhi is diet strange3      
77,none other skill3  ,from cities ioy1 
to countrie care1        77,somtime     
poore man  ,to skillesse folke is       
homelie change4     77,must breake his  
will4    #e  ,if courtlie change so     
breaketh will       77,if court with    
cart  ,that countrie life must serue the
 turne3  77,must be content1,e#dij      
,what profit then in striuing still1    
77,what ease to hart1  ,against the     
prick to seme to spurne8     77,though  
mind repent8    #f  ,what gaine ,i      
though ,i doo repent1         77,as nede
 doth make  ,my crotches#b all are broke
 and gon3     77,old age to trot3  ,my  

woonted friends are careles bent1       
77,so must ,i take1  ,they feare no     
chance ,i chance vpon4       77,in      
woorth my lot4    #g  ,now if ,i take in
 woorth my lot1           77,behold the 
horse  ,that fatall chance doth force me
 to1      77,must trudge for pelfe1  ,if
 ye be friends embraid#c me not1        
77,and yet of forse1  ,but vse a friend 
as friends should do4    77,content it  
selfe4    #a ,in the edition of #aegc   
this piece is entitled ',of the         
,author's  departing from the ,court to 
the ,country1' and the verses are       
printed  consecutively--four long lines 
and then four short lines4--,m4 ,so1 in 
#aegg4    #b chrotches4 #aegg4    #c    
upbraid4 #afad4          #aad4    ,the  
,authors life4#a      ,sidenote3        
,epodium4    #a  ,now gentle friend1 if 
thou be kinde1  ,disdaine thou not1     
although the lot  ,will now with me no  
better be1    than doth appere3  ,nor   
let it grieue1 that thus ,i liue1  ,but 
rather gesse1 for quietnesse1  ,as      

others do1 so do ,i to1    content me   
here4    #b  ,by leaue and loue1 of ,god
 aboue1  ,i minde to shew1 in verses    
few1  ,how through the breers1 my       
youthfull yeeres1    haue runne their   
race3  ,and further say1 why thus ,i    
stay1  ,and minde to liue1 as ,bee in   
hiue1  ,full bent to spend my life to an
 end1    in this same place4#b          
,sidenote3 ,borne at ,riuenhall in      
,essex4    #c  ,it came to pas1 that    
borne ,i was  ,of linage good1 of gentle
 blood1  ,in ,essex laier1 in village   
faier1    that ,riuenhall hight3  ,which
 village lide by ,banketree side1       
,there spend did ,i mine infancie1      
,there then my name1 in honest fame1    
remaind in sight4    ,sidenote3 ,set to 
song schoole4    #d  ,i yet but yong1 no
 speech of tong1  ,nor teares withall1  
that often fall  ,from mothers eies1    
when childe out cries1    to part hir   
fro3  ,could pitie make1 good father    
take1  ,but out ,i must1 to song be     
thrust1  ,say what ,i would1 do what ,i 

could1    his minde was so4             
,sidenote3 ,queristers miserie4         
,sidenote3 ,wallingford ,colledge4    #e
  ,o painfull time1 for euerie crime1   
,what toesed eares1,e#dia like baited   
beares6  ,what bobbed lips1 what ierks1 
what nips6    what hellish toies6  ,what
 robes1,e#dib how bare6 what colledge   
fare6  ,what bread1 how stale6 what     
pennie ,ale6,e#dic  ,then ,wallingford1 
how wart thou abhord    of sillie boies6
    ,sidenote3 ,singing mens            
commissions4    #f  ,thence for my      
voice1 ,i must 7no choice7  ,away of    
forse1 like posting horse1  ,for sundrie
 men1 had plagards then1,e#did    such  
childe to take3  ,the better            
brest1#c;,e#die the lesser rest1  ,to   
serue the ,queere1 now there now heere  
,for time so spent1 ,i may repent1      
and sorrow make4    ,sidenote3 ,iohn    
,redford an excellent ,musician         
organist of ,st4 ,paul's4 ,m4    #g     
,but marke the chance1 my self to vance1
  ,by friendships lot1 to ,paules ,i    

got1  ,so found ,i grace1 a certaine    
space1    still to remaine3  ,with      
,redford there1 the like no where1  ,for
 cunning such1 and vertue much1  ,by    
whom some part of ,musicke art1    so   
did ,i gaine4    ,sidenote3 ,nicholas   
,vdall,e#dif schoolmaster at ,eton4     
#h  ,from ,paules ,i went1 to ,eaton    
sent1  ,to learn streight waies1 the    
latin phraies1  ,where fiftie three     
stripes giuen to mee1    at once ,i had3
  ,for fault but small1 or none at all1 
,it came to pas1 thus beat ,i was1  ,see
 ,udall see1 the mercie of thee1    to  
me poore lad4    ,sidenote3 ,trinitie   
hall in ,cambridge4    #i  ,from ,london
 hence1 to ,cambridge thence1  ,with    
thanks to thee1 ,o ,trinitee1  ,that to 
thy hall1 so passing all1#d    ,i got at
 last3  ,there ioy ,i felt1 there trim  
,i dwelt1  ,there heauen from hell1 ,i  
shifted well1  ,with learned men1 a     
number then1    the time ,i past4       
,sidenote3 ,quartan ague4    ,sidenote3 
,lord ,paget good to his seruants4      

#aj  ,long sicknes had1 then was ,i glad
  ,to leaue my booke1 to proue and      
looke1  ,in ,court what gaine1 by taking
 paine1    mought well be found3  ,lord 
,paget than1 that noble man1  ,whose    
soule ,i trust is with the iust1  ,that 
same was hee enriched mee1    with many 
a pound4    ,sidenote3 ,the hope we haue
 of the dead4    #aa  ,when#e this      
betide1 good parents dide1  ,one after  
one1 till both were gone1  ,whose       
petigree1 who list may see1    in       
,harolds ,booke3,e#dig  ,whose soules in
 blis be long ere this1  ,for hope we   
must1 as ,god is iust1  ,so here that   
craue shall mercie haue1    that mercie 
looke4    ,sidenote3 ,the vices of the  
,court4    #ab  ,by ,court ,i spide1 and
 ten yeres tride  ,that ,cards and      
,dice1 with ,venus vice1  ,and peeuish  
pride1 from vertue wide1    with some so
 wraught3  ,that ,tiburne play,e#dih    
made them away1  ,or beggers state as   
euill to hate1  ,by such like euils1 ,i 
saw such dreuils1    to come to naught4 

,sidenote3 ,the ,court commended4    #ac
  ,yet is it not to be forgot1  ,in     
,court that some to worship come1  ,and 
some in time to honour clime1    and    
speede full well3  ,some haue such gift1
 that trim they shift1  ,some profite   
make1 by paines they take1  ,in perill  
much1 though oft are such1    in ,court 
that dwell4    ,sidenote3 ,the nobilitie
 at variance in  ,edward the #f daies4  
,sidenote3 ,katewade4    #ad  ,when     
court gan frowne and strife in towne1   
,and lords and knights1 saw heauie      
sights1  ,then tooke ,i wife1 and led my
 life    in ,suffolke soile4  ,there was
 ,i faine my selfe to traine1  ,to      
learne too long the fermers song1  ,for 
hope of pelfe1 like worldly elfe1    to 
moile and toile4    ,sidenote3 ,at      
,katewade in ,suffolke this  booke first
 deuised4    #ae  ,as in this booke1 who
 list to looke1  ,of husbandrie1 and    
huswiferie1  ,there may he finde more of
 my minde1    concerning this3  ,to     
carke#f and care1 and euer bare1  ,with 

losse and paine1 to little gaine1  ,all 
this to haue1 to cram sir knaue1    what
 life it is4    ,sidenote3 ,ipswich     
commended4    #af  ,when wife could not1
 through sicknes got1  ,more toile      
abide1 so nigh ,sea side1  ,then thought
 ,i best1 from toile to rest1    and    
,ipswich trie3  ,a towne of price1,e#dii
 like paradice1  ,for quiet then1 and   
honest men1  ,there was ,i glad1 much   
friendship had1    a time to lie4       
,sidenote3 ,the deth of his first wife4 
#ag  ,there left good wife this present 
life1  ,and there left ,i1 house charges
 lie1  ,for glad was he1 mought send for
 me1    good lucke so stood3  ,in       
,suffolke there1 were euerie where1     
,euen of the best1 besides the rest1    
,that neuer did their friendship hid1   
to doo me good4    ,sidenote3 ,newe     
maried in ,norfolk4    #ah  ,o ,suffolke
 thow1 content thee now1  ,that hadst   
the praies in those same daies1  ,for   
,squiers and ,knights1 that well        
delights    good house to keepe3  ,for  

,norfolke wiles1 so full of giles1,e#ejj
  ,haue caught my toe1 by wiuing so1    
,that out to thee1 ,i see for mee1    no
 waie to creepe4    ,sidenote3 ,mistres 
,amie ,moone4    #ai  ,for lo1 through  
gile1 what haps the while1  ,through    
,venus toies1 in hope of ioies1  ,i     
chanced soone to find a ,moone1#g    of 
cheerfull hew3  ,which well a fine me   
thought did shine1  ,did neuer change1 a
 thing most strange1  ,yet kept in      
sight1 hir course aright1    and compas 
trew4    ,sidenote3 ,the charges        
following a yoong wife4    #bj  ,behold 
of truth1 with wife in youth1  ,for ioie
 at large1 what daily charge1  ,through 
childrens hap1 what opened gap1    to   
more begun4  ,the childe at nurse1 to   
rob the purse1  ,the same to wed1 to    
trouble hed4  ,for pleasure rare1 such  
endlesse care1    hath husband wun4     
,sidenote3 ,west ,diram ,abbie4         
,sidenote3 ,land-lordes at variance4    
#ba  ,then did ,i dwell in ,diram       
sell1,e#eja  ,a place for wood1 that    

trimlie stood1  ,with flesh and fish1 as
 heart would wish3    but when ,i spide 
,that ,lord with ,lord could not accord1
  ,but now pound he1 and now pound we1  
,then left ,i all1 bicause such brall1  
,i list not bide4    ,sidenote3 ,sir    
,richard ,soothwell4    #bb  ,o         
,soothwell1 what meanst thou by that1   
,thou worthie wight1 thou famous knight1
  ,so me to craue1 and to thy graue1    
go by and by8  ,o death thou fo1 why    
didst thou so  ,ungently treat that     
,iewell great1  ,which opte his doore to
 rich and poore1    so bounteously8     
,sidenote3 ,his vij executors4    #bc   
,there thus bestad1 when leaue ,i had1  
,by death of him1 to sinke or swim1     
,and rauens ,i saw togither draw1    in 
such a sort3  ,then waies ,i saught1 by 
wisdome taught1  ,to beare low saile1   
least stock should quaile1  ,till ship  
mought finde1 with prosperous winde1    
some safer port4    ,sidenote3 ,norwich 
,citie4    ,sidenote3 ,norwich          
qualities4    #bd  ,at length by vew1 to

 shore ,i drew1  ,discharging straight  
both ship and fraight1  ,at ,norwich    
fine1 for me and mine1    a citie trim3 
,where strangers wel may seeme to dwel1 
,that pitch and pay1 or keepe their day1
  ,but who that want1 shall find it     
scant    so good for him4    ,sidenote3 
,maister ,salisburie deane of ,norwich4 
#be  ,but ,salisburie how were kept my  
vow1  ,if praise from thee were kept by 
mee1  ,thou gentle deane1 mine onely    
meane1    there then to liue8  ,though  
churles such some to craue can come1    
,and pray once got1 regard thee not1    
,yet liue or die1 so will not ,i1       
example giue4    ,sidenote3 ,in #ach    
houres ,i neuer made drop of  water4    
#bf  ,when learned men could there nor  
then1  ,deuise to swage the stormie     
rage1  ,nor yet the furie of my         
dissurie1    that long ,i had3  ,from   
,norwich aire1 in great despaire1  ,away
 to flie1 or else to die1  ,to seeke    
more helth1 to seeke more welth1    then
 was ,i glad4    ,sidenote3 ,faiersted  

parsonage in ,essex4    #bg  ,from      
thence so sent1 away ,i went1  ,with    
sicknes worne1 as one forlorne1  ,to    
house my hed1 at ,faiersted1,e#ejb      
where whiles ,i dwelt3  ,the tithing    
life1 the tithing strife1  ,through     
tithing ill1 of ,jacke and ,gill1  ,the 
dailie paies1 the mierie waies1    too  
long ,i felt4    ,sidenote3 ,lease for  
parsons life4    #bh  ,when charges     
grew1 still new and new1  ,and that ,i  
spide1 if parson dide1  7,all hope in   
vaine7 to hope for gaine1    ,i might go
 daunce3  ,once rid my hand of parsonage
 land1  ,thence by and by1 away went ,i1
  ,to ,london streight1 to hope and     
waight1    for better chaunce4          
,sidenote3 ,london commended4    #bi    
,well ,london well1 that bearst the bell
  ,of praise about1 ,england throughout1
  ,and dost in deede1 to such as neede1 
much kindnes shew3  ,who that with thee 
can hardly agree1  ,nor can well prais  
thy friendly wais1  ,shall friendship   
find1 to please his mind1    in places  

few4    ,sidenote3 ,vnthrifts order4    
#cj  ,as for such mates1 as vertue      
hates1  ,or he or thay1 that go so gay1 
,that needes he must take all of trust1 
for him and his3  ,though such for we by
 ,lothburie go1  ,for being spide about 
,cheapeside1  ,least ,mercers bookes for
 monie lookes1    small matter it is4   
,sidenote3 ,the plague at ,london #aegd1
 #aege4;,e#ejc    ,sidenote3 ,trinitie  
,college in ,cambridge4    #ca  ,when   
gaines was gon1 and yeres grew on1  ,and
 death did crie1 from ,london flie1  ,in
 ,cambridge then1 ,i found agen1    a   
resting plot3  ,in ,colledge best of all
 the rest1  ,with thanks to thee1 ,o    
,trinitee1#h  ,through thee and thine1  
for me and mine1    some stay ,i got4   
,sidenote3 ,youth ill spent makes age   
repent4    #cb;,e#ejd  ,since hap haps  
so1 let toiling go1  ,let seruing paines
 yeeld forth hir gaines1  ,let courtly  
giftes1 with wedding shiftes1    helpe  
now to liue3  ,let ,musicke win1 let    
stocke come in1  ,let wisedome kerue1   

let reason serue1  ,for here ,i craue   
such end to haue1    as ,god shall giue4
    ,sidenote3 ,a lesson for yonger     
brothers4    #cc  ,thus friends1 by me  
perceiue may ye1  ,that gentrie standes1
 not all by landes1,e#eje  ,nor all so  
feft1 or plentie left    by parents     
gift3  ,but now and then1 of gentlemen1 
,the yonger sonne is driuen to ronne1   
,and glad to seeke from creeke to       
creeke1    to come by thrift4           
,sidenote3 ,a true lesson4    #cd  ,and 
more by this1 to conster is1  ,in world 
is set1 ynough to get1  ,but where and  
whan1 that scarsely can1    the wisest  
tell3  ,by learning some to riches come1
  ,by ship and plough some get ynough1  
,and some so wiue that trim they thriue1
    and speede full well4    ,sidenote3 
,hardnes in youth not the worst4        
,sidenote3 ,cocking of youth not the    
best4    #ce  ,to this before1 adde one 
thing more1  ,youth hardnes taught1 with
 knowledge wraught1  ,most apt do       
prooue1 to shift and shooue1    among   

the best3  ,where cocking ,dads,e#ejf   
make sawsie lads1  ,in youth so rage1 to
 beg in age1  ,or else to fetch a       
,tibourne stretch1    among the rest4   
,sidenote3 ,not pride in youth1 but     
welth in age  needfull4    #cf  ,not    
rampish toie1 of girle and boie1  ,nor  
garment trim1 of hir or him1,e#ejg  ,in 
childhoode spent1 to fond intent1       
good end doth frame3  ,if marke we      
shall1 the summe of all1  ,the end it   
is1 that noted is1  ,which if it bide1  
with vertue tride1    deserueth fame4   
,sidenote3 ,man doth labour and ,god    
doth blesse4    #cg  ,when all is done1 
lerne this my sonne1  ,not friend1 nor  
skill1 nor wit at will1  ,nor ship nor  
clod1 but onelie ,god1    doth all in   
all3  ,man taketh paine1 ,god giueth    
gaine1  ,man doth his best1 ,god doth   
the rest1  ,man well intendes1 ,god     
foizon sendes1    else want he          
shall4,e#ejh    ,sidenote3 ,a contented 
minde is worth all4    #ch  ,some seeke 
for welth1 ,i seeke my helth1  ,some    

seeke to please1 ,i seeke mine ease1    
,some seeke to saue1 ,i seeke to haue   
to liue vpright3  ,more than to ride1   
with pompe and pride1  ,or for to       
iet1#i;,e#eji in others det1  ,such is  
my skill1 and shall be still1    for any
 wight4    #ci  ,too fond were ,i1 here 
thus to lie1  ,unles that welth mought  
further helth1  ,and profit some should 
thereby come1    to helpe withall3      
,this causeth mee well pleasde to bee1  
,such drift to make1 such life to take1 
,enforsing minde remorse to finde1    as
 neede neede shall4    ,sidenote3       
,happie that liues well1 vnhappie  dies 
euill4    #dj  ,friend1 al thing waid1  
that here is said1  ,and being got1 that
 paies the shot1  ,me thinke of right   
haue leaue ,i might1    7death drawing  
neere37  ,to seeke some waies1 my ,god  
to praies1  ,and mercy craue1 in time to
 haue1  ,and for the rest1 what he      
thinkes best1    to suffer heere4    #a 
,first added to the #aegc edition4--,m4 
#b ,the author means ,london2 but though

 it is believed he died there1  it is   
evident from the sequel1 that he left it
 on account of the  plague4--,m4    #c  
,cf4 ,shakespere's ,twelfth ,night1 ii4 
#c4    #d ,till it was repaired1 between
 #agdj and #agej1 it is said to have    
been but a poor-looking place2 and which
 is reported to have been  characterized
 by ,dr4 ,mar1 the ,vice-,chancellor1   
when speaking of it to  the ,king of    
,denmark1 as le petit coigne4--,m4    #e
 ,while4 #aegg4    #f carp4 #aegc4    #g
 ,his second wife4    #h ,founded in    
#aedf4    #i set4 #aegc4    ,,finis4    
,of edition of #aehj1 but see over4     
#aae4    ,of ,fortune4    ,the following
 poem is not to be found after the      
edition of #aegc and its  reprint of    
#aegg4--,m4    ,fortuna non est semper  
amica1  ,superbiam igitur semper devita4
      #a  ,though ,fortune smiles1 and  
fawnes vpon thy side1    ,thyself extol 
for that no whit the more2  ,though     
,fortune frownes and wresteth al thing  
wide1    ,let fancy stay1 keepe courage 

still in store2    ,for chance may      
change as chance hath don before3  ,thus
 shalt thou holde more safe then honour 
got1  ,or lose the losse1#a though      
,fortune will or not4    #b  ,thy friend
 at this shall dayly comfort haue1      
,when warely thus1 thou bearest thy     
selfe vpright1  ,thy foes at this shall 
gladly friendship craue1    ,when hope  
so small is left to wrecke their spight1
    ,for lowly liefe withstandeth enuy  
quight3  ,as floeting ship1 by bearing  
sayl alowe1  ,withstandeth stormes when 
boistrous winds do blowe4    #c  ,thy   
vsage thus in time shall win the gole1  
,though doughtful haps1 dame fortune    
sendes betweene1  ,and thou shalt see   
thine enemies blow the cole1    ,to ease
 thine hart much more then thou dost    
weene1    ,ye though a change most      
strangely should be seene1  ,yet friend 
at neede shall secret friendship make1  
,when foe in deede shal want his part to
 take4    #a lesse4 ,m4          ,a     
,table of the points of ,huswiferie     

mentioned in this ,booke4      ,the     
,authors ,epistle to the ,ladie ,paget4 
,the ,authors ,epistle to the ,reader4  
,the ,authors ,preface to his booke of  
huswiferie4    ,the praise of           
huswiferie4    ,a description of huswife
 and huswiferie4    ,instructions to    
huswiferie4    ,a digression to         
cockcrowing4    ,huswiferie morning     
workes4    ,huswifelie breakefast       
workes4    ,huswifelie admonitions or   
lessons4    ,brewing4    ,baking4       
,cookerie4    ,dairie4    ,scouring4    
,washing4    ,malting4    ,dinner time  
huswiferie4    ,huswifelie afternoone   
workes4    ,huswifelie ,euening workes4 
,supper time huswiferie4    ,after      
,supper workes of huswiferie4    ,of    
bedtime in winter and sommer4    ,the   
times to rise in winter and sommer4     
,of bearing and forbearing4    ,the     
,ploughmans feasting daies4    ,the good
 huswifelie physicke4    ,the good      
motherlie nurserie4    ,a precept of    
thinking on the poore4    ,a comparison 

betwene good huswiferie and bad4    ,the
 meanes for children to attaine to      
learning4    ,a description of womans   
age from fourtene to fourescore and     
foure4    ,the ,inholders posie4        
,certaine table lessons4    ,lessons for
 waiting seruantes4    ,husbandly posies
 for ye hal4    ,posies for the ,parler4
    ,posies for the gestes chamber4     
,posies for thine own bed chamber4    ,a
 ,sonet to the ,ladie ,paget4           
,principall pointes of ,religion4       
,the ,authors beliefe4    ,of the       
omnipotencie of ,god and debilitie of   
man4    ,of almesdedes4    ,of malus    
homo4    ,of two sortes of people4      
,of what force the deuill is if he be   
resisted4    ,eight of ,saint ,barnards 
verses in ,latine and ,english1 to be   
soong both  by one note4    ,of the     
,authors departing from the ,court4     
,the ,authors life of his owne penning4 
,of ,fortune4    ,,finis4               
,imprinted at ,london1 by ,henrie       
,denham1 dwelling at ,paternoster ,row1 

at the figure of the ,starre1 being the 
assigne of ,william ,seres4      ,cum   
priuilegio ,regi ,maiestatis4           
,a hundreth good pointes of husbandrie4 
,a hundreth good pointes1 of good       
husbandry1  maintaineth good household1 
with huswifry4  ,housekeping and        
husbandry1 if it be good3  must loue one
 another1 as cousinnes in blood4  ,the  
wife to1 must husband as well as the    
man3  or farewel thy husbandry1 doe what
 thou can4           ,to the right      
honorable and my speciall good lord and 
maister1 the  lord ,paget1 ,lord priuie 
seale4      ,t  ,the trouth doth teache1
 that tyme must serue4  ,h 7,how euer   
man1 doth blase hys mynde7  ,o 7,of     
thynges most lyke1 to thryue or sterue37
  ,m  ,much apt to iudge1 is often      
blynde4  ,a  ,and therfore1 tyme it doth
 behoofe3  ,s  ,shall make of trouth1 a 
perfit proofe4    ,t  ,take you my lord1
 and mayster than1  ,u 7,unlesse        
mischaunce mischaunseth me37  ,s  ,such 
homely gyft1 of your own man1  ,s       

,synce more in court1 ,i may not be3  ,e
  and let your praise1 wonne here       
tofore1  ,r  ,remayne abrode1 for       
euermore4    ,m  ,my seruyng you1 thus  
vnderstande1  ,a  ,and god his helpe1   
and yours withall3  ,d  ,dyd cause good 
lucke1 to take myne hande  ,e  ,erecting
 one1 most lyke to fall3  ,m  ,my       
seruing you1 ,i know it was1  ,e        
,enforced this1 to come to passe4    ,s 
,so synce ,i was1 at ,cambridge tought1 
,o  ,of court ten yeres1 ,i made a say2 
,n  ,no musike than1 was left vnsought1 
,a  ,a care ,i had1 to serue that way1  
,m  ,my ioye gan slake1 then made ,i    
chaunge1  ,e  ,expulsed myrth1 for      
musike straunge4    ,m  ,my musike      
synce1 hath been the plough1  ,e        
,entangled with1 some care among3  ,t   
,the gayn not great1 the payn enough1   
,h  ,hath made me syng1 another song4   
,a  ,and if ,i may1 my song auowe2  ,n  
,no man ,i craue1 to iudge but you4     
,your seruant1                          
,thomas ,tusser4             ,concordia 

paru res crescunt      ,discordia maxim 
dilabuntur4      #a4  ,where couples    
agree not1 is rancor and poysen1  where 
they two kepe house1 than is neuer no   
foysen3  ,but contrary lightly1 where   
couples agree1  what chaunseth by       
wisdom1 looke after to see4    #b4      
,good husbandes1 that loueth good       
housholdes to kepe1  be sometime full   
carefull1 when others do slepe3  ,to    
spend as they may1 or to stop at the    
furst1  for running behinde hand1 or    
feare of the wurst4    #c4  ,then count 
with thy purse1 when thy haruest is in1 
thy cardes being tolde1 how to saue or  
to win3  ,but win or els saue1 or els   
passe not to farre1  ,for hoping to     
make1 least thou happen to marre4    #d4
  ,make money thy drudge1 for to folow  
thy warke1  and ,wisdom thy steward1    
good ,order thy clarke3  ,prouision thy 
cator1 and all shall goe well1  for     
foysen is there1 where prouision doth   
dwell4    #e4  ,with some folke on      
sundayes1 their tables do reke3  and    

halfe the weke after1 their diners to   
seke4  ,at no tyme to much1 but haue    
alway ynough3  is housholdy fare1 and   
the guyse of the plough4    #f4  ,for   
what shal it profet1 ynough to prouide1 
and then haue it spoiled1 or filched    
aside3  ,as twenty lode busshes1 cut    
downe at a clappe1  such hede may be    
taken1 shall stoppe but a gappe4    #g4 
,good labouring threshers1 are worthy to
 eate1  ,good husbandly ploughmen1      
deserueth their meate1  ,good huswiuely 
huswiues1 that let for no rest1  should 
eate when they list1 and should drinke  
of the best4    #h4  ,beware raskabilia1
 slouthfull to wurke1  proloiners and   
filchers1 that loue for to lurke3  ,and 
cherishe well willers1 that serueth thy 
nede1  take time to thy ,tutor1 ,god    
sende the good spede4           ,august4
      #i4  ,when haruest is done1 all   
thing placed and set1  for saultfishe   
and herring1 then laie for to get3  ,the
 byeng of them1 comming first vnto rode1
  shal pay for thy charges1 thou        

spendest abrode4    #aj4  ,thy          
saultfishe well chosen1 not burnt at the
 stone1  or drye them thyselfe1 7hauing 
skill is a lone37  ,brought salfe to thy
 house1 would be packed vp drie1  with  
pease strawe betweene1 least it rot as  
it lie4    #aa4  ,or euer thou ride1    
with thy seruauntes compound1  to carry 
thy muckhilles1 on thy barley ground3   
,one aker wel compast1 is worth akers   
three1  at haruest1 thy barne shall     
declare it to thee4    #ab4  ,this good 
shalt thou learne1 with thy riding      
about1  the prises of thinges1 all the  
yere thoroughout3  ,and what time is    
best1 for to sell that thou haue1  and  
how for to bye1 to be likely to saue4   
#ac4  ,for bying and selling1 doth      
wonderfull well1  to him that hath wit1 
how to by and to sell3  ,but chopping   
and chaungeing1 may make such a breck1  
that gone is thy winninges1 for sauing  
thy neck4    #ad4  ,the riche man1 his  
bargaines are neuer vnsought1  the      
seller will fynde him1 he nede not take 

thought3  ,but herein consisteth1 a part
 of our text1  who byeth at first hand1 
and who at the next4    #ae4  ,he byeth 
at first hand1 that ventreth his golde1 
he byeth at second1 that dare not be    
bolde3  ,he byeth at third hand1 that   
nedes borrow must1  who byeth of him1   
than shall pay for his lust4    #af4    
,when euer thou bargain1 for better or  
wurse1  let alway one bargain1 remain in
 thy purse3  ,good credit doth well1 but
 good credit to kepe1  is pay and       
dispatche him1 or euer thou slepe4      
#ag4  ,be mindeful abrode1 of thy       
,mighelmas spring1  for theron          
dependeth1 a marueilous thing3  ,when   
gentiles vse walking1 with hawkes on    
their handes1  ,good husbandes1 with    
grasing doe purchase their landes4      
#ah4  ,and as thou come homeward1 bye   
xl4 good crones1  and fatte me the      
bodies1 of those sely bones3  ,with     
those and thy swine1 or and shrouetyde  
be past1  thy folke shal fare well1     
where as others shal fast4    #ai4  ,thy

 saffron plot1 pared in saint mary      
daies1  for pleasure and profit1 shal   
serue many waies3  ,with twenty foote   
square1 knowing how for to doo1  shal   
stede both thine own house1 and next    
neighbour too4           ,september4    
#bj4  ,threshe sede and goe fanne1 for  
the plough may not lye1  ,september doth
 bid1 to be sowing of rye3  ,the redges 
well harrowde1 or euer thou strike1  is 
one poynt of husbandry1 rye land do     
like4    #ba4  ,geue winter corne leaue1
 for to haue full his lust1  sowe wheate
 as thou mayst1 but sowe rye in the     
dust3  ,be carefull for sede1 for such  
sede as thou sowe1  as true as thou     
liuest1 loke iustly to mowe4    #bb4    
,the sede being sowne1 waterforow thy   
ground1  that rain1 when it cummeth1 may
 runne away round3  ,the diches kept    
skowred1 the hedge clad with thorne1    
doth well to drayne water1 and saueth   
thy corne4    #bc4  ,then furth with thy
 slinges1 and thine arowes  bowes1  till
 ridges be grene1 kepe the corne from   

the crowes3  ,a good boye abrode1 by the
 day starre appere1  shall skare good   
man crowe1 that he dare not come nere4  
#bd4  ,at ,mihelmas1 mast would be loked
 vpon1  and lay to get some1 or the mast
 time be gon3  ,it saueth thy corne     
well1 it fatteth thy swyne2  ,in frost  
it doth helpe them1 where els they      
should pine4           ,october4        
#be4  ,the rye in the ground1 while     
,september doth last3  ,october for     
wheate sowing1 calleth as fast4  ,what  
euer it cost thee1 what euer thou geue1 
have done sowing wheate1 before halowmas
 eve4    #bf4  ,the mone in the wane1   
gather fruit on the tree1  the riper1   
the better for graffe and for thee4     
,but michers1 that loue not to bie nor  
to craue3  make some gather sooner1 els 
fewe should they haue4    #bg4  ,or     
winter doe come1 while the weather is   
good3  for gutting thy grounde1 get the 
home with thy wood4  ,set bauen alone1  
lay the bowghes from the blockes3  the  
drier1 the les maidens dablith their    

dockes4    #bh4  ,for rooting thy       
grounde1 ring thy hogges thou hast nede 
the better thou ring them1 the better   
they fede4  ,most times with their      
elders1 the yong ones kepe best3  then  
yoke well the great knaues1 and fauour  
the rest4    #bi4  ,but yoke not thy    
swine1 while thine akorne time last3    
for diuers misfortunes1 that happen to  
fast4  ,or if thou loue eared1 and      
vnmaimed hogges3  giue eie to thy       
neighbour1 and eare to his dogges4      
,november4      #cj4  ,get vp with thy  
barley lande1 dry as thou can3  at      
,march 7as thou layest it7 so loke for  
it than4  ,get euer before hande1 drag  
neuer behinde3  least winter beclip     
thee1 and breake of thy minde4    #ca4  
,at ,hallowmas1 slaughter time sone     
commeth in3  and than doth the husbande 
mans feasting begin4  ,from that time1  
to ,candlemas weekely kill some3  their 
offal for household1 the better shal    
come4    #cb4  ,all soules that be      
thursty1 bid threshe out for mawlt3     

well handled and tended1 or els thou    
dost nawlt4  ,thencrease of one strike  
is a pek for thy store3  the maker is   
bad els1 or pilfreth the more4    #cc4  
,for ,easter1 at ,martilmas hange vp a  
biefe3  for pease fed and stall fed1    
play pickpurse the thiefe4  ,with that  
and fat bakon1 till grasse biefe come   
in3  thy folke shall loke cherely1 when 
others loke thin4    #cd4  ,set gardeine
 beanes1 after saint ,edmonde the king3 
the ,moone in the wane1 theron hangeth a
 thing4  ,thencrease of one gallonde1   
well proued of some3  shall pleasure thy
 householde1 ere peskod time come4      
#ce4  ,except thou take good hede1 when 
first they apere1  the crowes will be   
halfe1 grow they neuer so nere4         
,thinges sowne1 set or graft1 in good   
memory haue3  from beast1 birde and     
weather to cherishe and saue4           
,decembre4      #cf4  ,abrode for the   
raine1 when thou canst do no good2  then
 go let thy flayles1 as the threshers   
were wood4  ,beware they threshe clene1 

though the lesser they yarne3  and if   
thou wilt thriue1 loke thy selfe to thy 
barne4    #cg4  ,if barne rome will     
serue1 lay thy stoouer vp drye  and eche
 kinde of strawe1 by hitselfe let it    
lie4  ,thy chaffe1 housed sweete1 kept  
from pullein and dust3  shall serue well
 thy horses1 when labour they must4     
#ch4  ,when pasture is gone1 and the    
fildes mier and weate3  then stable thy 
plough horse1 and there giue them meate4
  ,the better thou vse them1 in place   
where they stande3  more strength shall 
they haue1 for to breake vp thy lande4  
#ci4  ,giue cattell their fodder1 the   
plot drie and warme3  and count them1   
for miring or other like harme4  ,trust 
neuer to boyes1 if thou trust well to   
spede3  be serued with those1 that may  
helpe at a nede4    #dj4  ,serue first  
out thy rie strawe1 then wheate  then   
pease1  then otestrawe then barley1 then
 hay if you please4  ,but serue them    
with haye1 while thy straw stoouer last1
  they loue no more strawe1 they had    

rather to fast4    #da4  ,kepe neuer    
such seruantes1 as doth thee no good1   
for making thy heare1 growing thorrough 
thy hood4  ,for nestling of verlettes1  
of brothels and hoores3  make many a    
rich man1 to shet vp his doores4        
,christmas4      #db4  ,get ,iuye and   
hull1 woman deck vp thyne house3  and   
take this same brawne1 for to seeth and 
to souse4  ,prouide vs good chere1 for  
thou knowst the old guise3  olde        
customes1 that good be1 let no man      
dispise4    #dc4  ,at ,christmas be     
mery1 and thanke god of all3  and feast 
thy pore neighbours1 the great with the 
small1  yea al the yere long1 haue an   
eie to the poore3  and god shall sende  
luck1 to kepe open thy doore4    #dd4   
,good fruite and good plenty1 doth well 
in thy loft3  then lay for an orcharde1 
and cherishe it oft4  ,the profet is    
mickell1 the pleasure is mutch2  at     
pleasure with profet1 few wise men will 
grutch4    #de4  ,for plantes and for   
stockes1 lay afore hand to cast3  but   

set or remoue them1 while twelue tide   
doe last4  ,set one from another1 full  
twenty fote square3  the better and     
greater1 they yerely will bare4         
,january4      #df4  ,when ,christmas is
 done1 kepe not ,christmas time still3  
be mindefull of rering1 and loth for to 
kill4  ,for then1 what thou rerist thou 
nede not to dout3  will double thy      
gaine1 ere the yere come about4    #dg4 
,be gredy to spende all1 and careles to 
saue3  and shortly be nedy1 and redy to 
craue4  be wilfull to kill1 and         
vnskilfull to store3  and sone giue vp  
houskeping1 longe any more4    #dh4     
,thy calues then1 that come betwene new 
yere and lent3  saue gladly for store1  
lest thou after repent4  ,for all thing 
at that time1 that colde feleth some3   
shall better beare colde1 when the next 
winter come4    #di4  ,weane no time thy
 calfe1 vnder xl daies olde3  and lay   
for to saue it1 as thou sauest golde4   
yet calues that doe fal1 betwene change 
and the prime3  pas seldome to rere     

them1 but kill them in time4    #ej4    
,for stores of thy swine1 be thou       
carefull betwix3  of one sow at one     
time1 rere seldome past six4  ,the fewe 
that she kepe1 much the better shal bee3
  of all thing1 one good is worth       
steruelinges three4    #ea4  ,geld vnder
 the dame1 within fornight at least3    
and saue both thy money1 and life of the
 beast4  ,but gelde with the gelder1 as 
many one doe3  and of halfe a dosen1 go 
geld away two4    #eb4  ,thy coltes for 
the sadle1 geld yong to be light3  for  
cart doe not so1 if thou iudgest a      
right4  ,nor geld not1 but when they be 
lusty and fat3  for there is a point1 to
 be learned in that4    #ec4  ,geld     
marefoles1 but titts ere and nine dayes 
of age3  they die els of gelding1 some  
gelders wil gage4  ,but marefoles1 both 
likely of bulke and of bone3  kepe such 
to bring coltes1 let their gelding      
alone4    #ed4  ,for gaining a trifle1  
sell neuer thy store3  for chaunsing on 
worse1 then thine owne were before4     

,more larger of body1 the better for    
brede3  more forward of growing1 the    
better they spede4    #ee4  ,thy sowes1 
great with fare1 that come best for to  
rere3  loke dayly thou seest them1 and  
count them full dere4  ,for that time1  
the losse of one fare of thy sowe3  is  
greater1 then losse of two calues of thy
 kowe4    #ef4  ,a kow good of milk1 big
 of bulke1 hayle and sounde1  is yerely 
for profet1 as good as a pounde4  ,and  
yet1 by the yere haue ,i proued ere now3
  as good to the purse1 is a sow as a   
kow4    #eg4  ,kepe one and kepe both1  
so thou maist if thou wilt3  then all   
shall be saued1 and nothing be spilt4   
,kepe two bease1 and one sow1 and liue  
at thine ease3  and no time for nede1   
bye thy meate but thou please4    #eh4  
,who both by his calues1 and his lambes 
will be knowne3  may well kill a neate1 
and a shepe of his owne4  ,and he1 that 
will rere vp a pig in his house3  shall 
eate sweter bakon1 and cheaper fed      
sowse4    #ei4  ,but eate vp thy veale1 

pig and lambe being froth3  and twise in
 a weeke1 go to bed without broth4  ,as 
that man that pas not1 but sell away    
sell3  shall neuer kepe good house1     
where euer he dwell4    #fj4  ,spende   
none but thyne owne1 howsoeuer thou     
spende3  nor haft not to god ward1 for  
that he doth sende4  ,tythe truly for al
 thing1 let pas of the rest3  the iust  
man1 his dealinges god prospereth best4 
#fa4  ,in ,january1 husbandes that      
powcheth the grotes3  will breake vp    
their lay1 or be sowing of otes4  ,sow  
,jauiuer ,otes1 and lay them by thy     
wheate2  in ,may1 bye thy hay for thy   
cattel to eate4           ,februarij4   
#fb4  ,in ,feuerell1 rest not for taking
 thine ease3  get into the grounde with 
thy beanes1 and thy pease4  ,sow peason 
betimes1 and betimes they will come3    
the sooner1 the better they fill vp a   
rome4    #fc4  ,in euery grene1 where   
the fence is not thine3  the thornes    
stub out cleane1 that the grasse may be 
fine4  ,thy neighbours wil borow1 els   

hack them beliue3  so neither thy       
grasse1 nor the bushes shall thriue4    
#fd4  ,thy seruant1 in walking thy      
pastures aboute3  for yokes1 forkes and 
rakes1 let him loke to finde oute4  ,and
 after at leyser let this be his hier3  
to trimme them and make them at home by 
the fier4    #fe4  ,when frostes will   
not suffer to ditche nor to hedge3  then
 get the an heate1 with thy betill and  
wedge4  ,a blocke at the harthe1 cowched
 close for thy life3  shall helpe to    
saue fier bote1 and please well thy     
wife4    #ff4  ,then lop for thy fewel1 
the powlinges well growen3  that        
hindreth the corne1 or the grasse to be 
mowen4  ,in lopping1 and cropping1 saue 
,edder and stake  thyne hedges1 where   
nede is to mende or to make4    #fg4    
,no stick1 nor no stone1 leaue vnpicked 
vp clene3  for hurting thy sieth1 or for
 harming thy grene4  ,for sauing of al  
thing1 get home with the rest1  the snow
 frozen hardest1 thy cart may goe best4 
#fh4  ,spare meddowes at shroftide1     

spare marshes at paske3  for feare of a 
drougth1 neuer longer time aske4  ,then 
hedge them1 and ditche them1 bestow     
thereon pence3  for meddow and corne1   
craueth euer good fence4    #fi4  ,and  
alway1 let this be a part of thy care3  
for shift of good pasture1 lay pasture  
to spare4  ,then seauer thy groundes1   
and so keping them still3  finde cattel 
at ease1 and haue pasture at will4      
,marche4      #gj4  ,in ,marche1 sow thy
 barley thy londe not to colde3  the    
drier the better1 a hundreth times      
tolde4  ,that tilth harrowde finely1 set
 sede time an ende3  and praise1 and    
pray ,god a good haruest to sende4      
#ga4  ,sow wheate in a meane1 sow thy   
,rie not to thin2  let peason and       
beanes1 here and there1 take therein4   
,sow barley and otes1 good and thick doe
 not spare3  giue lande leaue1 her sede 
or her wede for to bare4    #gb4  ,for  
barley and pease1 harrow after thou     
sowe3  for rye1 harrow first seldome    
after ,i trowe4  ,let wheat haue a      

clodde1 for to couer the hedde3  that   
after a frost1 it may out and goe       
spredde4           ,a digression from   
husbandrie3  to a poynt or two of       
huswifrie4      #gb;a  ,now here ,i     
think nedeful1 a pawse for to make2  to 
treate of some paines1 a good huswife   
must take4  ,for huswifes must husbande1
 as wel as the man3  or farewel thy     
husbandrie1 do what thou can4    #gb;b  
,in ,marche1 and in ,aprill1 from       
morning to night3  in sowing and        
setting1 good huswiues delight4  ,to    
haue in their gardein1 or some other    
plot3  to trim vp their house1 and to   
furnish their pot4    #gb;c  ,haue      
millons at ,mihelmas1 parsneps in lent3 
in ,june1 buttred beanes1 saueth fish to
 be spent4  ,with those1 and good       
pottage inough hauing than3  thou       
winnest the heart1 of thy laboring man4 
,aprill4      #gb;d  ,from ,aprill      
begin1 til saint ,andrew be past3  so   
long with good huswiues1 their dairies  
doe last4  ,good milche bease and       

pasture1 good husbandes prouide3  good  
huswiues know best1 all the rest how to 
guide4    #gb;e  ,but huswiues1 that    
learne not to make their owne cheese3   
with trusting of others1 haue this for  
their feese4  ,their milke slapt in     
corners1 their creame al to sost3  their
 milk pannes so flotte1 that their      
cheeses be lost4    #gb;f  ,where some  
of a kowe1 maketh yerely a pounde3      
these huswiues crye creake1 for their   
voice will not sounde4  ,the seruauntes1
 suspecting their dame lye in waighte3  
with one thing or other1 they trudge    
away straight4    #gb;g  ,then neighbour
 7for gods sake7 if any such bee2  if   
you know a good seruant1 waine her to   
mee4  ,such maister1 suche man1 and such
 mistres suche mayde  such husbandes and
 huswiues1 suche houses araide4    #gb;h
  ,for flax and for hemp1 for to haue of
 her owne3  the wife must in ,may1 take 
good hede it be sowne4  ,and trimme it1 
and kepe it to serue at a nede3  the    
femble to spin1 and the karle for her   

sede4    #gb;i  ,good husbandes1 abrode 
seketh al well to haue3  good huswiues1 
at home seketh al well to saue4  ,thus  
hauing and sauing1 in place where they  
meete3  make profit with pleasure1 suche
 couples to greete4           ,may4     
#gc4  ,both ,philip and ,jacob1 bid put 
of thy lammes3  that thinkest to haue   
any milke of their dammes4  ,but ,lammas
 aduiseth thee1 milke not to long3  for 
hardnes make pouerty1 skabbed among4    
#gd4  ,to milke and to folde them1 is   
much to require3  except thou haue      
pasture1 to fill their desire4  ,but    
nightes being shorte1 and such hede thou
 mayst take  not hurting their bodies1  
much profit to make4    #ge4  ,milke six
 ewes1 for one kowe1 well chosen        
therefore3  and double thy dayrie1 els  
trust me no more4  ,and yet may good    
huswiues1 that knoweth the skill3  haue 
mixt or vnmixt1 at their pleasure and   
will4    #gf4  ,for gredy of gaine1     
ouerlay not thy grownde3  and then shall
 thy cattell1 be lusty and sownde4  ,but

 pinche them of pasture1 while sommer   
time last3  and plucke at their tailes1 
ere  winter be past4    #gg4  ,pinche   
weannels at no time1 of water nor meate3
  if euer thou hope to have them good   
neate4  ,in sommer at al times1 in      
winter in frost3  if cattell lacke      
drinke1 they be vtterly lost4    #gh4   
,in ,may at the furdest1 twy fallow thy 
lande3  much drougth may cause after1   
thy plough els to stande4  ,that tilth  
being done1 thou hast passed the wurste3
  then after1 who plowgheth1 plowgh thou
 with the furste4           ,june4      
#gi4  ,in ,june get thy wedehoke1 thy   
knife and thy gloue3  and wede out such 
wede1 as the corne doth not loue4       
,slack no time thy weding1 for darth nor
 for cheape3  thy corne shall reward it1
 or euer thou reape4    #hj4  ,the      
maywede doth burne1 and the thistle doth
 freate3  the ,tine pulleth downe1 both 
the rie and the wheate4  ,the dock and  
the brake1 noieth corne very much3  but 
bodle for barley1 no weede there is     

such4    #ha4  ,in ,june washe thy      
shepe1 where the water doth runne3  and 
kepe them from dust1 but not kepe them  
from sunne  ,then share them and spare  
not1 at two daies anende1  the sooner1  
the better their bodies amende4    #hb4 
,rewarde not the shepe1 when thou takest
 his cote3  with two or three patches1  
as brode as a grote2  ,the flie than and
 wormes1 will compel it to pine3  more  
paine to thy cattell1 more trouble is   
thine4    #hc4  ,but share not thy      
lammes1 till mid ,july be worne3  the   
better their cotes will be growne to be 
shorne4  ,the pie will discharge thee1  
for pulling the reste3  the lighter the 
shepe is1 then fedeth it beste4    #hd4 
,saint ,mihel byd bees1 to be brent out 
of strife3  sajnt ,john bid take honey1 
with fauour of life4  ,for one sely     
cottage1 set south good and warme3  take
 body and goodes1 and twise yerely a    
swarme4    #he4  ,at ,christmas take    
hede1 if their hiues be to light3  take 
honey and water1 together wel dight4    

,that mixed with strawes1 in a dish in  
their hiues3  they drowne not1 they     
fight not1 thou sauest their lyues4     
#hf4  ,at midsommer downe with thy      
brimbles and brakes3  and after abrode1 
with thy forkes and thy rakes4  ,set    
mowers a worke1 while the meddowes be   
growne2  the lenger they stande1 so much
 worse to be mowne4    #hg4  ,prouide of
 thine owne1 to haue all thing at hande3
  els worke and the workman1 shall      
oftentimes stande4  ,loue seldome to    
borow1 that thinkest to saue2  who      
lendeth the one1 will loke two thinges  
to haue4    #hh4  ,good husbandes that  
laye1 to saue all thing vpright3  for   
,tumbrels and cartes1 haue a shed redy  
dight4  ,a store house for trinkets kept
 close as a iayle3  that nothing be     
wanting1 the worthe of a nayle4    #hi4 
,thy cartes would be searched1 withoute 
and within2  well cloughted and greased1
 or hay time begin4  ,thy hay being     
caried1 though carters had sworne3  the 
cartes bottome borded1 is sauing of     

corne4           ,julii4      #ij4      
,then muster thy folke1 play the        
captaine thyselfe3  prouiding them      
weapon1 and suche kinde of pelfe4  ,get 
bottels and bagges1 kepe the fielde in  
the heate3  the feare is not muche1 but 
the daunger is great4    #ia4  ,with    
tossing and raking1 and setting on cox3 
the grasse that was grene1 is now hay   
for an ox4  ,that done1 leaue the tieth1
 lode thy cart and awaye3  the battell  
is fought1 thou hast gotten the daye4   
#ib4  ,then doune with thy hedlondes1   
thy corne rounde about  leaue neuer a   
dalop1 vnmoune or had out4  ,though     
grasse be but thinne1 about barley and  
pease3  yet picked vp clene1 it shall do
 thee good ease4    #ic4  ,thryfallowe  
betime1 for destroing of weede3  least  
thistle and dock1 fall a bloming and    
seede4  ,such season may hap1 it shall  
stande the vpon3  to till it againe1 or 
the somer be gone4    #id4  ,and better 
thou warte1 so to doe for thy hast3     
then 7hardnes7 for slougth make thy     

lande to lie wast4  ,a redy good        
forehorse1 is dainty to finde3  be      
hindred at first1 and come alway        
behinde4    #ie4  ,thy houses and       
barnes1 would be loked vpon3  and all   
thing amended1 or haruest come on4      
,thinges thus set in ordre1 at quiet and
 rest3  thy haruest goeth forwarde and  
prospereth best4    #if4  ,sainct ,james
 willeth husbandes1 get reapers at      
hande3  the corne1 being ripe doe but   
shead as it stande4  ,be sauing and     
thankfull1 for that god hath sent3  he  
sendeth it thee1 for the selfe same     
entent4    #ig4  ,reape well1 scatter   
not1 gather cleane that is shorne3      
binde fast1 shock a pase1 pay the tenth 
of thy corne4  ,lode salfe1 carry home1 
lose no time1 being faier3  golfe iust1 
in the barne1 it is out of dispaier4    
#ih4  ,this done1 set the pore ouer all 
for to gleane3  and after thy cattel1 to
 eate it vp cleane4  ,then spare it for 
pasture1 till rowen be past3  to        
lengthen thy dayrey1 no better thou     

hast4    #ii4  ,then welcome thy haruest
 folke1 seruauntes and all3  with mirth 
and good chere1 let them furnish thine  
hall4  ,the haruest lorde nightly1 must 
geue the a song3  fill him then the     
blacke boll1 or els he hath wrong4      
#ajj4  ,thy haruest thus ended1 in myrth
 and in ioye3  please euery one gently1 
man woman and boye4  ,thus doing1 with  
alway1 such helpe as they can3  thou    
winnest the name1 of a right husband    
man4            ,finis4    ,nowe thinke 
vpon god1 let thy tonge neuer cease3    
from thanking of him1 for his myghty    
encrease4  ,accept my good wil1 finde no
 fault tyll thou trye3  the better thou 
thryuest1 the gladder am ,i4            
,a sonet or brief rehersall of the      
properties of the twelue monethes  afore
 rehersed4      ,as ,janeuer fryse pot1 
bidth corne kepe hym lowe3  ,and        
feuerell fill dyke1 doth good with his  
snowe3  ,a bushel of ,marche dust1 worth
 raunsomes of gold  ,and ,aprill his    
stormes1 be to good to be solde3  ,as   

,may with his flowers1 geue ladies their
 lust3  ,and ,june after blooming1 set  
carnels so iust3  ,as ,july bid all     
thing1 in order to ripe3  ,and ,august  
bid reapers1 to take full their gripe4  
,september his fruit1 biddeth gather as 
fast3  ,october bid hogges1 to come eate
 vp his mast3  ,as dirtie ,nouember1 bid
 threshe at thine ease3  ,december bid  
,christmas1 to spende what he please3   
,so wisdom bid kepe1 and prouide while  
we may3    ,for age crepeth on as the   
time passeth away4              ,finis4 
,thinges thriftie1 that teacheth the    
thriuing to thriue2  teache timely to   
trauas1 the thing that thou triue4      
,transferring thy toyle1 to the times   
truely tought3  that teacheth the       
temperaunce1 to temper thy thought4     
,to temper thy trauaile1 to tarrye the  
tide3  this teacheth the thriftines1    
twenty times tride4  ,thinke truely to  
trauaile1 that thinkest to thee3  the   
trade that thy teacher taught truely to 
the4    ,take thankfully thinges1       

thanking tenderly those3  that teacheth 
thee thriftly1 thy time to transpose4   
,the trouth teached two times1 teache   
thou two times ten  this trade thou that
 takest1 take thrift to the then4       
,imprinted at ,london in flete strete   
within ,temple barre1 at the sygne  of  
the hand and starre1 by ,richard        
,tottel1 the third day of ,february1    
,an4 #aeeg4 ,cum priuilegio ad          
imprimendum solum4            ,,notes   
,,and ,,illustrations4      7,notes     
signed ,m4 are from ,dr4 ,mavor's       
edition of #ahab1 and those signed      
,t4,r4 are from ,hilman's ,tusser       
,redivivus1 #agaj47    ,e#a ,er in aught
 be begun2 that is1 before a beginning  
be made in  anything1 the verb being    
used impersonally4    ,e#b ,the         
directions which are stated briefly in  
the ,abstract will be  found in the     
,month's ,husbandry in the stanza       
bearing the same number4    ,e#c        
,pilcrowe1 the mark of a new paragraph  
in printing 774 ,a  corruption of       

paragraph1 through parcraft1 pilcraft1  
to pilcrow4  ,paragrapha1 pylcraft in   
wrytynge4--,medulla ,gramm4             
,paragraphus1  ,anglice a pargrafte in  
wrytynge4--,ortus4 ,paragraphe or       
,pillcrow1  a full sentence1 head or    
title4--,cotgrave4 ,a ,pilkcrow1 vide   
,paragraph4--,gouldman4    ,e#d         
,crosserowe4 ,shee that knowes where    
,christes crosse stands1 will  neuer    
forget where great ,a dwells4--,tom     
,tell-,trothe's ,new ,year's ,gift      
7,new ,shakspere ,soc4 ed4 ,furnivall71 
p4 #cc4 ,the ,christs-crosse-row or     
,horne-booke1 wherein a child learnes   
it4--,cotgrave4 ,the alphabet was       
called the ,christ-cross-row1 some say  
because a cross was prefixed to  the    
alphabet in the old primers2 but as     
probably from a superstitious  custom of
 writing the alphabet in the form of a  
cross as a charm4 ,this  was even       
solemnly practised by the ,bishop in the
 consecration of a  church4 ,see        
,picart's ,relig4 ,ceremonies1 vol4 i4  

p4 #aca4--,nares4    ,e#e ,a medicine   
for the cowlaske4 ,in ,sloane ,,ms4     
#aehe1 f4 #aeb1 will be  found a recipe 
for the cure of diarrha1 the components 
of which appear  to be the yolk of a    
new-laid egg1 honey1 and fine salt4     
,e#f ,in the edition of #aeeg1 the first
 stanza of the ,epistle reads  somewhat 
differently2 see p4 #bbj4    ,e#g ,time 
trieth the troth1 in ,latin ,veritas    
temporis filia1 occurs  in ,tottel's    
,miscellany1 #aeeg1 repr4 #ahfg1 p4     
#bba4--;,hazlitt's ,english  ,proverbs4 
,e#h ,vnlesse mischance mischanceth me  
unless fortune is unkind to  me4    ,e#i
 ,remaine abrode for euermore1 i4e4 be  
given to the writings of  others4       
,e#aj ,it is noticeable that though in  
the ,author's ,epistle he spells  his   
name1 most probably for convenience     
sake1 as ,tussar1 he on all  other      
occasions spells it ,tusser1 which is no
 doubt correct4 ,in the  edition of     
#aeeg the name is spelt correctly1      
although the corresponding  line of the 

stanza commences with the letter a4 ,see
 p4 #bbj4    ,e#aa ,like ,iugurth1      
,prince of ,numid4 ,jugurtha1 an        
illegitimate son of  ,mastanabal1 after 
the death of ,micipsa murdered his two  
sons and seized  on the sovereignty of  
,numidia4 ,war was declared against him 
by the  ,romans1 and after some time    
,metellus drove him to such extremes    
that  he was obliged to take refuge with
 his father-in-law1 ,bocchus1 by whom   
he was given up to ,marius1 was carried 
in triumph to ,rome1 and finally        
starved to death4 ,the history of the   
war against him is related in           
,sallust's ,bellum ,jugurthinum4        
,e#ab ,with losses so perfumid2 i4e4    
pervaded1 thoroughly imbued2 we  use    
imbued nearly in the same way4    ,e#ac 
,harrison1 in his ,description of       
,england 7,e4,e4,t4 ,soc4 ed4           
,furnivall1 part i4 p4 #bda71 gives a   
very bad character to the landlords  of 
his day3 ,what stocke of monie soeuer he
 the farmer gathereth and  laieth vp in 

all his yeares1 it is often seene1 that 
the landlord will  take such order with 
him for the same1 when he renueth his   
lease1 which  is commonlie eight or six 
yeares before the old be expired 7sith  
it  is now growen almost to a custome1  
that if he come not to his lord so  long
 before1 another shall step in for a    
reuersion1 and so defeat him  out right7
 that it shall neuer trouble him more   
than the haire of his  beard1 when the  
barber hath washed and shaued it from   
his skin4 ,and  as they commend these1  
so 7beside the decaie of house-keeping  
whereby  the poore haue beene relieued7 
they speake also of three things that   
are growen to be verie grieuous vnto    
them1 to wit1 the inhansing of  rents1  
latelie mentioned2 the dailie oppression
 of copiholders1 whose  lords seeke to  
bring their poore tenants almost into   
plaine seruitude  and miserie1 dailie   
deuising new meanes1 and seeking vp all 
the old1  how to cut them shorter and   
shorter1 doubling1 trebling1 and now and

  then seuen times increasing their     
fines2 driuing them also for euerie     
trifle to loose and forfeit their       
tenures1 7by whom the greatest part  of 
the realme dooth stand and is           
mainteined17 to the end they may  fleece
 them yet more4 ,see also ,norden's     
,surveyor's ,dialogue1 ed4 #afjg1  p4   
#ea4    ,the following curious prayer is
 in ,edward the ,sixth's                
,liturgies3--,the  earth is ,thine1 ,o  
,lord1 and all that is contained        
therein1  notwithstanding ,thou hast    
given possession of it to the children  
of  men1 to pass over the time of their 
short pilgrimage in this vale of        
misery4 ,we heartily pray ,thee to send 
,thy ,holy ,spirit into the hearts  of  
those that possess the grounds1         
pastures1 and dwelling-places of the    
earth1 that they1 remembering themselves
 to be ,thy tenants1 may not  rack nor  
stretch out the rents of their houses   
and lands1 nor yet take  unreasonable   
fines and incomes after the manner of   

covetous worldlings1  but so let them   
out to others1 that the inhabitants     
thereof may both  be able to pay the    
rents1 and also honestly to live and    
nourish their  families1 and relieve the
 poor4 ,give them grace also to consider
 that  they are but strangers and       
pilgrims in this world1 having here no  
dwelling-place1 but seeking one to come2
 that they1 remembering the  short      
continuance of their life1 may be       
contented with that which  is           
sufficient1 and not join house to house 
and land to land1 to the  impoverishment
 of others2 but so behave themselves in 
letting out  their lands1 tenements1 and
 pastures1 that after this life they may
 be  received into everlasting          
dwelling-places1 through1 etc4    ,e#ad 
,fleeces  fleecings1 frauds1            
impositions4 ,it may1 perhaps1 be  used 
literally1 of selling wool at a loss4   
,e#ae ,ictus sapit4 ,this corresponds to
 our proverb1 ,the burnt child  dreads  
the fire1 or perhaps more nearly to     

,once bit1 twice shy4  ,in the ,proverbs
 of ,hendyng we find it as3 ,the burnt  
child fire  dreadeth1 quoth ,hendyng4   
,ray1 in his ,collection of ,proverbs1  
edit4  #agcg1 says3 ,piscator ictus     
sapit2 struck by the scorpion fish1 or  
pastinaca1 whose prickles are esteemed  
venomous4    ,e#af ,if ,tusser is here  
writing literally1 the price of his     
book1 in  the golden days of good ,queen
 ,bess1 was only a groat or two at the  
utmost4--,m4    ,e#ag ,shere  shire2 the
 construction is--don't think that every
  bit of land 7or county7 can profit by 
following my directions1 for  soils     
differ4 ,compare chapter #ai1 stanza #h1
 p4 #dh4    ,e#ah ,must keepe such      
coile2 must bustle about1 exert         
themselves4 ,cf4  ,scott's ,lord of the 
,isles1 canto v4 stanza #a3 ,for wake   
where'er he  may1 man wakes to care and 
coil4 ,and ,shakspere3 ,i pray you watch
  about ,signor ,leonata's door2 for the
 wedding being there to-morrow1  there  
is a great coil to-night4    ,e#ai ,in  

the edition of #aegj the first stanza of
 the ,preface to the  ,buier reads as   
follows3    ,what lookest thou herein to
 haue8    ,trim verses thy fansie to    
please8  ,of ,surry so famous that      
craue1    ,looke nothing but rudenes in 
these4    ,the reference in the third   
line being to ,henry ,howard1 ,earl of  
,surrey1  author of the ,translation of 
the second and fourth ,books of the neid
  of ,virgil1 and of numerous other     
poems1 who was executed in #aedg4       
,e#bj ,in the footnote to this ,preface 
it is stated that the metre is  peculiar
 to ,shenstone1 but this is incorrect1  
as it is also used by  ,prior3          
,despairing beside a clear stream4      
,e#ba ,the sea for my fish1 i4e4 for my 
fishpond4    ,e#bb ,with ,the ,ladder to
 ,thrift we may compare the following   
,maxims  in -ly1 from the ,lansdowne    
,,ms4 #gfb1 f4 #af;b 7see ,babees ,book1
 ed4  ,furnivall1 p4 #bdg73    ,aryse   
erly1  ,serue ,god devowtely1  ,and the 
worlde besely1  ,doo thy werk wisely1   

,yeue thyne almes secretly1  ,goo by the
 waye sadly1  ,answer the people        
demuerly1  ,goo to thy mete appetitely1 
,sit therat discretely1  ,of thy tunge  
be not to liberally1  ,arise therfrom   
temperally1  ,go to thy supper soberly1 
,and to thy bed merely1  ,be in thyn    
,inne jocundely1  ,please thy loue      
duely1  ,and slepe suerly4    ,e#bc     
,familie1 here used in the sense of the 
,latin original familia   household1    
servants4 ,compare chap4 #gc1 st4 #ac4  
,e#bd ,compare ,shakspere1 ,richard     
,,ii4 ,act ii4 sc4 #d1 #bd3 ,and crossly
 to  the good all fortune goes4    ,e#be
 ,to bridle wild otes fantasie1 i4e4 to 
restrain the excesses  of youth4        
,e#bf ,well to account of which honest  
is not2 never think highly of  that     
which is not honourable1 or honestly    
come by4    ,e#bg ,cf4 ,hebrews xiii4   
#d3 ,marriage is honourable in all1 and 
the bed  undefiled4 ,tusser evidently   
does not appreciate love in a cottage4  
,e#bh ,giue ouer to sudgerne1 that      

thinkest to thee2 i4e4 make up  your    
mind to settle down in one place and to 
give up roaming about1 if  you hope to  
prosper1 lest the grumbling of your     
hosts and the wants of  the nurses prove
 too expensive for you4 ,compare ,the   
,dialogue of ,wiving  and ,thriving1 ch4
 #fg stanza #c1 p4 #aeb4    ,e#bi ,dr4  
,mavor suggests that the third line of  
this stanza should  read3 ,of tone or   
them both1 meaning1 if we smell the     
savour of  saving or winning or them    
both4    ,e#cj ,a fool and his money are
 soon parted4    ,e#ca ,good bargaine a 
dooing1 etc4 ,when you have a chance of 
making  a good bargain1 don't let every 
one know2 but when you want to sell     
anything1 then let it be published      
abroad as widely as possible4 ,in the   
first case don't hesitate or haggle     
about it1 but take the ball on the  hop2
 in the second1 don't be in a hurry to  
take the first offer1 if  you are not   
ashamed of what you wish to sell4       
,e#cb ,of the complaint of such poore   

tenants as paie rent corne  vnto their  
landlords1 ,i speake not1 who are often 
dealt withall very  hardlie4 ,for beside
 that in the measuring of ten quarters1 
for the most  part they lose one through
 the iniquitie of the bushell 7such is  
the  greedinesse of the appointed       
receiuers thereof71 fault is found also 
with the goodnesse and cleannesse of the
 graine4 ,wherby some peece of  monie   
must needs passe vnto their purses to   
stop their mouths withall1  or else my  
lord will not like of the corne3 ',thou 
are worthie to loose  thy lease1 etc4'  
,or if it be cheaper in the market1 than
 the rate  allowed for it is in their   
rents1 then must they paie monie1 and no
  corne1 which is no small              
extremitie4--,harrison1 part i4 p4 #cja4
    ,e#cc ,in this quatrain all the     
later editions of our author read       
uniformly misers for michers 7thieves or
 pilferers74 ,what kind  of misers      
'unthriftiness' would make never seems  
to have been  considered4 ',careless and

 rash' is a gallicism for carelessness  
and  rashness4--,m4 ,mychare1 capax1    
cleps1 furunculus4--,prompt4 ,parv4     
,mychers1 hedge crepers1 fylloks and    
lushes1  ,that all the somer kepe dyches
 and bushes4    --,the ,hyeway to the   
,spytell ,house1 ed4 ,atterson1 ii4 #aa4
    ,see also ,townley ,mysteries1 pp4  
#baf1 #cjh4 ,caqueraffe1 a base  micher1
 scurvie hagler1 lowsie dodger1 etc4    
,caqueduc1 a niggard1  micher1          
etc4--,cotgrave4    ,e#cd ,make hunger  
thy sauce4 ,this is the proverb hunger  
is the best  sauce1 which is reckoned   
amongst the aphorisms of ,socrates3     
,optimum  cibi condimentum fames1 sitis 
potus4--,cicero1 ,de ,finibus1 ,bk4     
,,ii4    ,e#ce ,mastive1 ,bandog1       
,molossus4--,baret's ,alvearie1 #aehj4  
,the  tie-dog or band-dog1 so called    
bicause manie of them are tied up in    
chaines and strong bonds1 in the daie   
time1 for dooing hurt abroad1  which is 
an huge dog1 stubborne1 ouglie1 eager1  
burthenous of bodie  7and therefore but 

of little swiftnesse71 terrible and     
fearfull to  behold1 and oftentimes more
 fierce and fell than anie ,archadian or
  ,corsican cur4444 ,they take also     
their name of the word 'mase' and       
'theefe' 7or 'master theefe' if you     
will71 bicause they often stound  and   
put such persons to their shifts in     
townes and villages1 and are  the       
principall causes of their apprehension 
and taking4--,harrison1  ,descrip4 of   
,england1 part ii4 pp4 #dd-e4 ,we han   
great ,bandogs will  teare their        
skins4--,spenser1 ,shep4 ,cal4          
,september4    ,e#cf ,the credite of    
maister1 etc4 ,if servants are allowed  
the credit  or trust1 which should only 
be allowed to their master and mistress1
  much trouble will be the result4      
,e#cg ,be to count ye wote what1 that   
is1 nothing to signify1 of  little      
importance4    ,e#ch ,so1 twentie lode  
bushes1 etc4 ,so1 without proper        
management1  twenty loads of bushes may 
be so wasted as only to serve for the   

stopping of a single gap4    ,a  one1 a 
single3 a very common use in ,early     
,english2 cf4 ,william of  ,nassington's
 ,myrrour of ,lyfe1 lines #b1 #c2       
,fader and ,sonne and ,haly ,gaste      
,that er a ,god als we trowe maste--that
 is1 one ,god4    ,e#ci ,some1 upon     
,sundays1 have their tables covered with
 smoking  dishes1 and then have to seek1
 i4e4 do without dinners for the rest   
of the week4    ,e#dj ,skarborow        
warning4 ,grose says it means1 ,a word  
and a blow  and the blow first4 ,r4 ,j4 
,s4 in ,notes and ,queries1 #ast ,ser4  
i4 #agj1  adds that it is a common      
proverb in ,yorkshire4 ,fuller states   
that the  saying arose from ,thomas     
,stafford1 who in the reign of ,mary1   
,a4,d4  #aeeg1 with a small company1    
seized on ,scarborough ,castle1 and     
before  the townspeople had the least   
notice of their approach4 ,another      
explanation is that1 if ships passed the
 castle without saluting  it1 a shotted 
gun was fired at them4 ,in a ballad by  

,heywood another  derivation is given3  
,this term ,scarborow warning grew 7some
 say7    ,by hasty hanging for rank     
robbery theare4  ,who that was met1 but 
suspect in that way1    ,strait he was  
trust up1 whatever he were4    ,this    
implies that ,scarborough imitated the  
,halifax gibbet law4--,n4  ,q4 #ast     
,ser4 i4 #ach4 ,in a letter by ,toby    
,matthew1 ,bishop of ,durham1 to  the   
,archbishop of ,york1 ,jan4 #ai1 #afjc1 
he writes3 ,when ,i was in the  midst of
 this discourse ,i received a message   
from my ,lord ,chamberlain  that it was 
his ,majesty's pleasure that ,i should  
preach before him  on ,sunday next1     
which ,scarborough warning did not only 
perplex me1  but so puzzel me as no     
mervail if somewhat be prtermitted1     
which  otherwise ,i might have better   
remembered4--,n4  ,q4 #dth ,ser4 xii4   
#djh4  ,scarborough warning4 ,the       
antiquity of the phrase is shown by its 
occurrence in ,puttenham's ',arte of    
,english ,poetrie1' ed4 #aehi4 ,the     

following is the passage1 from p4 #aii  
of ,arber's reprint3 ,we have  'many    
such prouerbiall speeches3 as1 ,totnesse
 is turned ,french1 for  a strange      
alteration3 ,skarborow warning1 for a   
sodaine commandement1  allowing no      
respect or delay to bethinke a man of   
his busines4'--,note  by ,rev4 ,w4      
,skeat4 ,see also ,ray's ,proverbs4     
,e#da ,sir ,i arest yee2 that is1 the   
,sheriff's officer1 who1 touching  your 
arm1 would use these words4    ,e#db    
,legem pone1 a curious old proverbial or
 cant term for ready  money4    ,there  
are so manie ,danaes now a dayes1       
,that love for lucre1 paine for gaine is
 sold2  ,no true affection can their    
fancie please1    ,except it be a ,iove1
 to raine downe gold    ,into their     
laps1 which they wyde open hold2  ,if   
legem pone comes1 he is receav'd1  ,when
 vix haud habes is of hope bereav'd4    
--,the ,affectionate ,shepheard1 #aeid4 
,but in this there is nothing to bee    
abated1 all their speech is legem  pone1

 or else with their ill custome they    
will detaine thee4--,g4  ,minshul1      
,essays in ,prison4    ,e#dc ,oremus1   
from ,lat4 orare  to beg1 here means    
making excuses  for non-payment of      
debts4    ,e#dd ,prsta qusumus  lend me1
 ,i pray4 ,compare ,preste  a loan1     
,pretoes  loans1 in ,halliwell4 ,a      
lender hates to hear a man say  ,prsta4 
,e#de ,the word collects is used here in
 its original meaning of short  prayers2
 thus the prayers before the ,epistle   
and ,gospel in the ,prayer  ,book are   
called ,collects1 as containing briefly 
the lessons of the  ,epistle and        
,gospel4    ,e#df ,nor put to thy hand1 
etc42 that is1 do not meddle in the     
business of other people1 and be careful
 whom you assist1 lest by being  too    
free and generous you yourself may be   
put to inconvenience4 ,ray  gives3 ,put 
not thy hand between the bark and the   
tree1 that is1 do  not meddle in family 
affairs4    ,e#dg ,tusser here1 while   
acknowledging the necessity and         

advantages of  the practice of giving   
credit in business1 impresses strongly  
upon  his readers the dishonesty and    
danger of promiscuous borrowing and     
lending1 either to relations or friends1
 winding up with the advice  never to   
trust a man who has once broken his     
engagements1 without a  surety1 and     
never to lend a second time to a man who
 is angry with you  for asking for      
payment of what he already owes4        
,e#dh ,the foole at the bottom1 the wise
 at the brim2 referring to  the proverb1
 ,better spare at brim than at bottom1  
that is1 ,better  be frugal in youth1   
than be reduced to the necessity of     
being saving  in age4 ,ray also gives   
another proverb of a similar character1 
',tis too late to spare when the bottom 
is dry4 ,sera in fundo                  
parsimonia4--,seneca1 ,epist4 i4        
,e#di ,felix quem faciunt aliena        
pericula cautum4 ,cf4 ,barbour's ,bruce1
  ed4 ,skeat1 p4 #fab4    ,e#ej ,stands 
thee vpon4 ,compare ,shakspere1 ,king   

,richard ,,ii4 ,act ii4  sc4 #c1 #ach3  
,it stands your grace upon to do him    
right2 and1        ,it stands me much   
upon1  ,to stop all hopes whose growth  
may damage me4    --,richard ,,iii4 ,act
 iv4 sc4 #b1 #ei4    ,e#ea ,jankin and  
,jenikin are only names for servants in 
general4    ,e#eb    ,the proverb says1 
and who'd a proverb cross8  ,that       
stones1 when rolling1 gather little     
moss4    --,vade ,mecum for ,malt       
,worms1 #agbj1 p4 #f 7part #b74    ,see 
also ,ray's ,proverbs4 ,cf4    ,on the  
stone that styll doth turne about1      
,there groweth no mosse4    --,sir ,t4  
,wiat1 ,how to use the ,court1 l4 #d4   
,a similar proverb occurs in ,piers     
,plowman1 ,a ,text1 ,passus x4 l4 #aja3 
,selden moseth the marbelston that men  
ofte treden4 ,cf4 also1 ,syldon  mossyth
 the stone at oftyn ys tornyd and       
wende4--,how the good wife  taught her  
daughter1 pr4 in ,q4 ,elizabeth's       
,achademy1 ed4 ,furnivall1  p4 #ci4 ,in 
the ,verses on ,lord ,burghley's ,crest 

7printed in ,thynne's  ,animaduersions1 
,chaucer ,soc4 ed4 ,furnivall71 stanza  
#cb1 we read3    ,and prouerbe olde was 
not deuis'd in veyne1  ,that 'roolinge  
stone doth neuer gather mosse'2  ,who   
lightly leaves in myddest of all his    
peine1  ,his former labor frustrates    
with his losse2  ,but who continues as  
he did begynne1  ,withe equall course   
the pointed goale doth wynne4    ,see   
also chapt4 #gg4 st4 #bj1 p4 #agj4      
,e#ec ,of all the lawyers that euer ,i  
knew in ,essex1 ,denis and  ,mainford   
excelled1 till ,john of ,ludlow1 alias  
,mason1 came in place1  vnto whome in   
comparison they two were but children3  
for this last  in lesse than three or   
foure yeares1 did bring one man 7among  
manie  else-where in other places7      
almost to extreame miserie 7if beggerie 
be the vttermost7 that before he had the
 shauing of his beard1 was  valued at   
two hundred pounds 7,i speake with the  
least7 and finallie  feeling that he had
 not sufficient wherwith to susteine    

himselfe and  his familie1 and also to  
satisfie that greedie rauenour1 which   
still  called vpon him for new fees1 he 
went to bed1 and within foure daies     
made an end of his wofull life1 euen    
with care and pensiuenesse4 ,after  his 
death also he so handled his sonne1 that
 there was neuer sheepe  shorne in      
,maie1 so neere clipped of his fleece   
present1 as he was of  manie to come3 so
 that he was compelled to let awaie his 
land1 bicause  his cattell and stocke   
were consumed1 and he no longer able to 
occupie  the ground4--,harrison1        
,descript4 of ,eng4 part i4 pp4 #bjf-g4 
,daw  a chattering fool4 ,see ,peacock's
 ,glossary 7,eng4 ,dial4 ,soc474        
,e#ed ,from this stanza it would seem   
that sportsmen did not hesitate  to     
trespass on the lands of others in      
former days any more than at  present1  
but in such cases ,tusser recommends the
 mild answer which  turneth away wrath1 
and sets out the advantages of          
courteousness and  respect to one's     

superiors4    ,e#ee ,that flesh might be
 more plentifull and better cheaper1    
two daies in the weeke1 that is ,fryday 
and ,saturday1 are specially  appointed 
to fish1 and now of late yeares1 by the 
prouidence of our  prudent ,princesse1  
,elizabeth1 the ,wednesday also is in a 
manner  restrained to the same order1   
not for any religion or holinesse       
supposed to be in the eating of fish    
rather than of flesh1 but onely  for the
 ciuill policie as ,i haue said4 ,that  
as ,god hath created both  for man's    
use1 so both being used or refrained at 
certaine seasons1  might by that        
entercourse be more abundant4 ,and no   
doubt1 if all daies  appointed for that 
purpose were duly obserued1 but that    
flesh and fish  both would be much more 
plentifull1 and beare lesse price than  
they  doe4 ,for accounting the ,lent    
season1 and all fasting daies in the    
yeare  together with ,wednesday and     
,friday and ,saturday1 you shall see    
that the  one halfe of the yeare is     

ordeined to eate fish in4--,cogan's     
,haven of  ,health1 ed4 #afab1 p4 #ach4 
,it is lawfull for euerie man to feed   
vpon what soeuer he is able  to         
purchase1 except it be vpon those daies 
whereon eating of flesh  is especiallie 
forbidden by the lawes of the realme1   
which order is  taken onelie to the end 
our numbers of cattell may be the better
  increased1 and that aboundance of fish
 which the sea yeeldeth1 more           
generallie receiued4 ,beside this1 there
 is great consideration had in  making  
of this law for the preseruation of the 
nauie1 and maintenance  of conuenient   
numbers of sea faring men1 both which   
would otherwise  greatlie decaie1 if    
some meanes were not found whereby they 
might be  increased4--,harrison1        
,descript4 of ,eng4 part i4 p4 #add4    
,the following menu for a fish day is   
given in the ,liber ,cure ,cocorum1  p4 
#ed1 ed4 ,morris3             ,for a    
servise on fysshe day4    ,fyrst white  
pese and porray ou take1  ,cover y white

 heryng for goddys sake2  en cover red  
heryng1 and set abufe1  ,and mustard on 
heghe1 for goddys lufe2  en cover salt  
salmon on hast1  ,salt ele er wyth on is
 course last4  ,for e secunde course1 so
 god me glad1  ,take ryse and fletande  
fignade1  an salt fysshe and stok fysshe
 take ou schalle1  ,for last of is      
course1 so fayre me falle4  ,for e iii  
cours sowpys done fyne1  ,and also      
lamprouns in galentyne1  ,bakun turbut  
and sawmon ibake  ,alle fresshe1 and    
smalle fysshe ou take  erwith1 als      
troute1 sperlynges1 and menwus with al1 
,and loches to horn sawce versance shal4
    ,see also the ,babees ,book1 ed4    
,furnivall1 p4 #ej4    ,e#ef ,setteth   
his soule vpon sixe or on seauen1 that  
is1 risks his  life on the cast of a    
die4    ,e#eg ,sit downe ,robin and rest
 thee4 ,i was inclined to think that    
this was the burden of some ballad1 but 
,mr4 ,chappell1 to whom ,i  applied1 is 
of opinion that it was not4    ,an      
habitation inforced1 etc41 i4e4 it is   

better to settle down1  even late in    
life1 than not at all4 ,comp4 chap4 #aj1
 stanza #h1 p4 #ai4    ,e#eh ,for a     
great portion of the year the only      
animal food eaten was  in a salted      
state4 ,in the autumn as much meat was  
cured as would last  the winter2 and    
until the pastures had been for some    
time abundant1  that is1 not until      
,midsummer1 there were no means of      
fattening cattle4  ,after the winter    
months1 veal and bacon were welcomed as 
the precursors  of fresh beef2 and those
 who lived near the sea-coast enjoyed   
the  addition of fresh fish2 but the    
state of the roads prevented the inland 
parts of the country partaking of this  
benefit4 ,the consumption of fish       
during ,lent and on other fast-days1    
comprising a great part of the  year1   
being expressly directed by statute1 the
 people1 even after the  abolition of   
the old religion1 provided themselves at
 several large  fairs held almost       
expressly for the sale and distribution 

of salt-fish4    ,e#ei ,veale and ,bakon
 is the man1 i4e4 is the proper food1 or
 is in  season4    ,e#fj ,martilmas     
beef1 beef killed at ,martinmas1 and    
dried for  winter use4 ,biefe salted1   
dried up in the chimney1 ,martlemas     
biefe4--,hollyband's ,dict4 #aeic4 ,see 
note to l4 #chc of ,wallace1 in         
,specimens of ,eng4 ,literature1 ed4    
,skeat1 p4 #cia4    ,beefe is a good    
meate for an ,englysshe man1 so be it   
the beest be  yonge1 and that it be not 
kowe-flesshe2 for olde beefe and        
kowe-flesshe  doth ingender melancolye  
and leporouse humoures4 ,yf it be       
moderatly  powderyd1 that the groose    
blode by salte may be exhaustyd1 it doth
 make  an ,englysshe man stronge1 the   
education of hym with it consyderyd4    
,martylmas beef1 whiche is called       
'hanged beef' in the rofe of the  smoky 
howse1 is not laudable2 it maye fyll the
 bely1 and cause a man  to drynke1 but  
it is euyll for the stone1 and euyll of 
dygestyon1 and  maketh no good iuce4 ,if

 a man haue a peace hangynge by his     
syde1 and  another in his bely1 that the
 whiche doth hange by the syde shall do 
hym more good1 yf a showre of rayne do  
chaunse1 than that the which is  in his 
bely1 the appetyde of mans sensualyte   
notwithstandynge4--,andrew  ,boorde's   
,dyetary1 ,e4 ,e4 ,text ,soc4 edit4 ,f4 
,j4 ,furnivall1 chap4 xvi4    ,in a hole
 in the same ,rock was three ,barrels of
 nappy liquour2 thither  the ,keeper    
brought a good ,red-,deere ,pye1 cold   
,roast ,mutton1 and an  excellent       
shooing-horn of hang'd ,martimas        
,biefe4--#afci1 ,john ,taylor1  ,part of
 this ,summers ,travels1 p4 #bf4        
,bacon is good for carters1 and plowe   
men1 the which be euer  labouryng in the
 earth or dunge2 but and yf they haue   
the stone and vse  to eate it1 they     
shall synge 'wo be to the pye6'         
,wherefore ,i do say  that coloppes and 
egges is as holsome for them as a talowe
 candell is  good for a horse mouth1 or 
a peece of powdred ,beefe is good for a 

blere  eyed mare4--,a4 ,boorde1         
,regyment1 fo4 ,k iii4 b4    ,as for    
bacon it is in no wise commended as     
wholsome1 especially for  students1 or  
such as haue feeble stomacks4 ,but for  
labouring men it is  conuenient         
according to that ,latine prouerbe1     
grosse meate for grosse  men4--,cogan's 
,haven of ,health1 p4 #aaf4    ,e#fa    
,the farmers in old times were greater  
economists than now4 ,old  crones and   
such old things1 it seems1 fell commonly
 to their own  share1 while the best    
meat was probably sold4--,m4 ,compare   
also #ba4 #a4    ,e#fb ,all ,saints doe 
laie1 etc4 ,all ,saints' ,day expects or
 lays  itself out for pork and souse1   
sprats and smelts for the household4    
,when it the bore is killed1 scalded1   
and cut out1 of his former  parts is our
 brawne made1 the rest is nothing so    
fat1 and therefore  it beareth the name 
of sowse onelie1 and is commonly        
reserved for the  serving-man and hind1 
except it please the owner to have anie 

part  ther of baked1 which are then     
handed of custome after this manner4    
,the hinder parts being cut off1 they   
are first drawne with lard1 and  then   
sodden2 being sodden1 they are sowsed in
 claret wine and vineger  a certeine    
space and afterward baked in pasties1   
and eaten of manie  in steed of the wild
 bore1 and trulie it is very good meat4 
,the  pestles legs may be hanged up a   
while to drie before they be drawne     
with lard if you will1 and thereby prove
 the better4--,harrison1  ,descrip4 of  
,eng4 part ii4 p4 #aa4    ,spurlings are
 but broad ,sprats1 taken chiefly on our
 ,northern  coast2 which being drest and
 pickled as ,anchovaes be in ,provence1 
rather surpass them than come behind    
them in taste and goodness4444 ,as  for 
,red ,sprats and ,spurlings1 ,i         
vouchsafe them not the name of any      
wholesome nourishment1 or rather of no  
nourishment at all2 commending  them for
 nothing1 but that they are bawdes to   
enforce appetite and  serve well the    

poor man's turn to quench               
hunger4--,muffett1 p4 #afi1  quoted in  
,the ,babees ,book1 ed4 ,furnivall4     
,smelt  ,spirling or ,sparling  in      
,scotland1 ,salmo ,sperlanus4--,yarrell1
 ,names of ,british ,fishes4 ,a         
,sperlynge1 ipimera1                    
sperlingus4--,catholicon ,anglicum4 ,see
 also  ,glossary to ,specimens of ,early
 ,eng41 ed4 ,morris and ,skeat4    ,e#fc
 ,embrings4 ,ember days or weeks1 set   
apart for consecrating to  ,god the four
 seasons of the year1 and for imploring 
his blessing by  fasting and prayer4    
,they were settled by the ,council of   
,placentia  ,a4,d4 #ajie4--,m4 ,embring 
is a more correct form1 being nearer to 
,a4,s4  ymbren4 ,a connexion with ,ger4 
quatember is out of the question4       
,e#fd ,see as to the law relating to    
fasting and fish days1 note ,e#ee on    
#aj4 #ea4    ,e#fe ,leaue anker in mud1 
i4e4 drift1 and break away from their   
anchorage4    ,e#ff ,it is an ill winde 
turnes none to good1 i4e4 turns to good 

for none4    ,an yll wynd that blowth no
 man good1    ,the blower of whych blast
 is she2  ,the lyther lustes bred of her
 broode    ,can no way brede good       
propertye4     --,song against          
,idleness1 by ,john ,heywood1 circa     
#aedj4    ,ah6 ,sirra6 it is an old     
proverb and a true  ,i sware by the     
roode6  ,it is an il wind that bloues no
 man to good4    --,marriage of ,wit and
 ,wisdom1 #aegj4    ,quoted in          
,hazlitt's ,handbook of ,proverbs1 p4   
#bdj4    ,e#fg ,if great she appereth1  
i4e4 if seen through a dense            
atmosphere1 which causes her to appear  
much larger1 it is an indication  of    
approaching rain4 ,the reverse is the   
case when the atmosphere is  rare1 and  
the orb of the moon appears small4      
,e#fh ,tyde flowing is feared1 etc4 ,the
 ,spaniards think that all  who die of  
chronic diseases breathe their last     
during the ebb4--,the  ,doctor1 p4 #bjg4
 ,compare also in ,david ,copperfield1  
,mr4 ,barkis going  out with the tide4  

,tusser1 however1 seems to mean that it 
was the flow  and not the ebb which was 
dangerous to sick persons4    ,e#fi     
,he that fast spendeth must need borrow1
  ,but when he must pay again1 then is  
all the sorrow4   --,,ms4 of #aeth cent4
 in ,rel4 ,antiqua1 vol4 i4 p4 #caf4    
,e#gj ,september is the month when the  
annual labours of agriculture  begin    
their round1 and it is therefore1       
justly1 put first in the  ,calendar of  
farming4 ,some1 indeed1 take their      
bargains from ,lady-day2  but this is by
 no means so convenient as              
,michaelmas4--,m4    ,e#ga ,the         
off-going tenant of champion or open    
field1 as is still  customary1 allows   
the in-coming tenant to summer fallow   
that portion of  the ground which is    
destined for wheat4 ,but the occupier of
 woodland  or inclosures holds the whole
 till the expiration of his term1 unless
  certain stipulations are made by      
lease2 and without a lease1 neither  the
 real interest of the tenant nor the    

landowner can be consulted4--,m4        
,e#gb ,buieng or selling of pig in a    
poke1 i4e4 making a blind bargain4      
,a good cochnay coke1  ,though ye loue  
not to bye the pyg in the poke1  ,yet   
snatche ye at the poke1 that the pyg is 
in1  ,not for the poke1 but the pyg good
 chepe to wyn4  --,heywood's ,dialogue  
7#aedf71 ed4 #aefb1 part ii4 cap4 #i4   
,see also ,hazlitt's ,handbook of       
,english ,proverbs1 p4 #dac4    ,e#gc ,a
 gofe is a mow 7rick72 and the          
gofe-ladder is for the  thresher to     
ascend and descend1 in order to throw   
down the sheaves with  the assistance of
 the short pitch-fork1 while the long   
was probably  for pitching the straw4   
,the straw-fork and rake were to turn   
the  straw from off the threshed corn1  
and the fan and wing to clean  it4 ,a   
cartnave might be required to stand on  
in this operation4 ,a  casting shovel1  
such as maltmen use1 enables the farmer 
to select the  best and heaviest grain  
for seed1 as they always fly farthest if

 thrown  with equal force4--,m4    ,e#gd
 ,a skep is a small basket or wooden    
vessel with a handle1 to  fetch corn in 
and for other purposes4--,m4    ,e#ge   
,aperne is an old provincial            
pronunciation1 adopted from  a still    
older napern or nappern2 and ,halliwell 
observes1 that  nappern is still the    
pronunciation in the ,north of ,england4
 ,this word  is interesting as          
illustrating two points3 7#a7 the       
shifting of r1  so that the various     
pronunciations of apern and apron       
correspond  to the variations brid for  
bird1 and burd for bride2 and 7#b7  the 
loss of the initial n2 for apron is for 
,fr4 naperon1 a large  napkin2 see      
,roquefort and ,wedgwood4 ,naperon1     
without n and e1 is  apron2 without n   
and o1 it is apern4--,rev4 ,walter ,w4  
,skeat in  ,n4  ,q4 #ahfi4    ,e#gf ,to 
make whyte lethyre4 ,take halfe an unce 
of whyte coperose  and di4 4 of alome1  
and salle-peter the mowntance of the    
yolke of an  egge1 and yf thou wolle    

have thy skynne thykke1 take of whetmele
 ij  handfulle1 and that is sufficient  
for a galone of water2 and if thou      
wolle have thy skynne rynnyng1 take of  
ry mele ij handfulle1 and grynd  alle   
thyes saltes smale1 and caste hem into  
lewke warme water1 and  let heme melt   
togedyre1 and so alle in ewene warme    
water put therein  thy skynne4 ,and if  
hit be a velome skynne1 lett hit be     
thereinne ix  days and ix nytes 444 and 
if hit be a parchement skyne1 let hit ly
  thereinne iv days and iv nytes2 444   
thanne take coperose of the  whyttest   
the quantit of ij benys for j skynne and
 the yolke of j egge1  and breke hit    
into a dysse1 and than put water over   
the fyre1 and put  thereinne thy        
coperas1 and than put thy yolke in thy  
skyne1 and rub hit  alle abowte1 and    
thanne ley thy skynne in the seyde      
water1 and let hit  ly1 ut dictum       
est4--,from the ,porkington ,,ms4 #aeth 
cent4    ,e#gg ,a ,pannel and ,ped have 
this difference1 the one is much shorter

  than the other1 and raised before and 
behind1 and serves for small  burdens2  
the other is longer and made for        
,burdens of ,corn4 ,these are  fastened 
with a leathern ,girt1 called a         
,wantye4--,t4,r4 ,miss ,mitford1  in her
 ,recollections1 writes that her father1
 who used to ride a  favourite gentle   
blood-mare1 had a pad constructed1      
perched and  strapped upon which1 and   
encircled by his arm1 she used to       
accompany  him4    ,e#gh ,a cart or     
wagon whose wheels are hooped and       
clouted with iron is  called in ,lincoln
 a shod-cart or shod-wain4 ,in the      
,paston ,letters1  ed4 ,gairdner1 vol4  
ii4 p4 #bde1 we have clot shon  boots   
tipped  with iron4 ,clowte of a shoo1   
pictasium4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,cf4        
,milton1  ,comus1 l4 #fcd3              
,the dull swain  ,treads on it daily    
with his clouted shoon4    ,in          
,lancashire a ,clout-nail is a large    
nail used for fixing iron  clouts on the
 wooden axle-trees of carts4    ,e#gi   

,ten sacks1 each holding a coome or four
 bushels1 are only  sufficient for a    
single load of wheat2 but farms were not
 so large1 nor  the produce so great    
when ,tusser wrote4    ,e#hj ,a pulling 
hook is a barbed iron for drawing firing
 from the  wood stack4--,m4    ,e#ha ,a 
nads  an adze1 an instance 7like a nall 
an awl1 above7 of  the n of the article 
being joined to the following vowel4    
,similarly  we have atte nale  at the   
ale-house1 a corruption of ,a4,s4 t an  
ale4--,see ,piers ,plowman1 ed4 ,skeat1 
,b4 ,text1 ,prologue1 l4 #dc4 ,so in    
,sir ,thomas ,more's ,workes1 #aeeg1 p4 
#gji1 we have ,a verye nodypoll  nydyote
 for idiot4 ,other instances of the     
prefixed n are nonce1  a nother1 nagares
 7 augers74 ,cf4 ,one axe1 a bill1 iiij 
nagares1 ij  hatchettes1 an ades1       
etc4--,shakspereana ,genealogica1 #ahfi1
 p4 #dgb4    ,e#hb ,a ,douercourt beetle
 is explained by ,dr4 ,mavor as one that
 is  large 7like the rood of ,dover once
 so celebrated7 and capable of making  a

 great noise1 and he adds that there is 
an old proverb ',a ,dover  ,court3 all  
speakers and no hearers4' ,but this     
explanation is entirely  erroneous3     
there is no reference whatever to       
,dover1 but1 as the  following extract  
will show1 a ,dovercourt beetle simply  
means one made  of the wood of the elms 
of ,dovercourt in ,essex1 which were    
celebrated  for their soundness and     
lasting qualities3 ,of all the elms that
 euer ,i  saw1 those in the south side  
of ,douer court1 in ,essex neere        
,harwich1  are the most notable1 for    
they growe1 ,i meane1 in crooked maner1 
that  they are almost apt for nothing   
else but nauie timber1 great ordinance1 
and beetels2 and such thereto is their  
naturall qualitie1 that being  vsed in  
the said behalfe1 they continue longer1 
and more long than  anie the like trees 
in whatsoeuer parcell else of this land1
 without  cuphar cracking1 shaking or   
cleauing1 as ,i find4--,harrison1       
,descr4  of ,eng4 part i4 p4 #cda4      

,e#hc ,in the ,hist4 of ,hawsted1       
,suffolk1 by ,sir ,j4 ,cullum1 #bnd ed4 
p4  #baf1 we are told that there1 in the
 #adth century1 oxen were as much  used 
as horses2 and1 in ploughing heavy land1
 would go forward where  horses would   
stop4 ,a horse kept for labour ought to 
have every night  the #fth part of a    
bushel of oats2 for an ox1 #c measures  
of oats1 #aj of  which make a bushel1   
are sufficient for a week4    ,e#hd ,the
 ploughstaff is alluded to by ,strutt   
7,manners and ,customs1  ii4 #ab73 ',the
 ploughman yoketh oxen to the plough1   
and he holdeth the  plough-stilt i4e4   
principal hale or handle in his left    
hand1 and  in his right hand the        
ploughstaff to break the clods4' ,see   
plate #cb  7vol4 i47 in ,strutt1 and the
 picture of a plough at work prefixed to
  ,mr4 ,wright's edition of ,piers the  
,plowman1 copied from ,,ms4 ,t4 ,,ms4   
,r4  #c4 #ad1 ,trin4 ,coll4             
,camb44--,piers ,plowman1 ed4 ,skeat1   
,b4 vi4 #aje4    ,e#he ,moether and     

mother1 #af4 #ad44 ,this word is derived
 by ,sir  ,h4 ,spelman from ,danish moer
  an unmarried girl4 ,puera1 a woman    
chylde1 callyd in ,cambrydgeshyre a     
modder4 ,pupa1 a yonge wenche1  a gyrle1
 a modder4--,elyot's ,lat4 ,dict4 #aech4
 ,fille1 a maid1  girle1 modder1        
lasse4--,cotgrave4 ,ben ,jonson uses the
 word in his  ,alchymist3 ,away1 you    
talk like a foolish mauther4--,act iv4  
sc4 #g4  ,richard ,brome also has it in 
the ,eng4 ,moor1 ,act iii4 sc4 i43      
,p4 ,i am a mother1 that do want a      
service4    ,qu4 ,o1 thou'rt a ,norfolk 
woman 7cry thee mercy17                 
,where maids are mothers1 and mothers   
are maids4    ,i have been informed by  
an intelligent friend1 who is a native  
of  ,norfolk1 that on a certain trial in
 that county1 it was asked who was  the 
evidence of what had been stated4 ,the  
answer was1 ',a mather  playing on a    
planchard4' ,the ,judge was nonplussed1 
till the meaning was  explained1 namely1
 ',a girl playing on the floor4'--,m4   

,e#hf ,hoigh de la roy1 that is1        
excellent or proper2 but why1 ,i  cannot
 say4    ,e#hg ,a cradle is a           
three-forked instrument of wood1 on     
which the  corn is caught as it falls   
from the scythe1 and thus is laid in    
regular  order4 ,it is heavy to work    
with2 but is extremely useful for       
cutting  barley or oats1 which are      
intended to be put into sheaves4--,m4   
,e#hh ,tar was the common salve for all 
sores in cattle4 ,two pounds of  tar to 
a pound of pitch1 is a good composition 
for sheep marks4--,m4  ,every shepherd  
used to carry a tar-box1 called a       
tarre-boyste in  the ,chester ,plays1 p4
 #aba1 or a terre-powghe 7 tar pouch7 in
 ,p4  ,pl4 ,crede1 l4 #fah4 ,it held a  
salve containing tar which was used for 
anointing sores in sheep4 ,compare      
,heare is tarre in a potte  ,to heale   
from the rotte4    --,chester ,plays1 p4
 #abj4    ,see also ,history of         
,agriculture and ,prices in ,england1 by
 ,j4 ,e4 ,thorold  ,rogers1 vol4 i4 p4  

#ca4 ,note to ,p4 ,plowman1 ed4 ,skeat1 
,c4 x4 #bfb-bfd4    ,e#hi ,sealed and   
true1 i4e4 certified and stamped as     
correct4 ,in  ,liber ,albus1 ed4 ,riley1
 p4 #bcc1 we read3 ,no brewster or      
taverner shall  sell from henceforth by 
any measure but the gallon1 pottle1 and 
quart2  and that these shall be sealed  
with the seal of the ,alderman1 etc4    
,see also the ,statute of ,sealed       
,measures1 id4 p4 #bij4    ,e#ij        
,striking is the last ploughing before  
the seed is committed to  the ground2   
previously to which the ridges are to be
 harrowed4    ,e#ia ,sowe barlie and    
dredge4 ,in the #acth century the grain 
crops  chiefly cultivated in ,england   
were wheat1 berecorn1 dragg1 or a       
mixture of vetches and oats1 beans and  
pease4 ,the regulations for  the brewers
 of ,paris in #abed prescribe that they 
shall brew only de  grains1 c'est       
savoir d'orge de mestuel1 et de drage4  
,dredge  mault1 malt made of oats1 mixed
 with barley malt1 of which they make   

an excellent quick sort of drink4--,bp4 
,kennett's ,gloss4 ,a mixture of  oates 
and barley2 and at present used very    
seldom in malting4--,t4,r4  ,drage aux  
chevaux1 provender of divers sorts of   
pulse mixed  together4--,cotgrave4 ,from
 ,way's ,notes in ,prompt4 ,parv4 s4 v4 
,dragge4    ,e#ib ,forby 7,vocab4 #ahcj7
 says3 ,crow-keeper1 a boy employed to  
scare  crows from new sown land4 ,lear1 
in his madness1 says3 ',that fellow     
handles his bow like a crow-keeper4'    
,besides lustily whooping1 he  carries  
an old gun1 from which he cracks a      
little powder1 and sometimes  puts in a 
few stones1 but seldom hits1 and still  
seldomer kills a  crow4 ,cf4 ,romeo and 
,juliet1 ,act i4 sc4 #d3 ,scaring the   
ladies like a  crow-keeper4    ,e#ic ,a 
,marsh ,wall is a ,sea bank1 made with  
considerable slope to  sea-ward1 which  
is called a ,break or ,breck2 it is     
faced with ,turf which  sometimes is    
worn by the sea1 or ,holes made in it by
 ,crabs1 etc4 ,the  ,foreland is a piece

 of ,land that lies from the foot of the
 ,bank to  ,sea-ward1 and must be well  
look'd after1 that it wear not away or  
come  too near the ,bank 7as the        
,workmen term it74--,t4,r4    ,e#id ,a  
brawner should be kept cool and hard1   
which encreaseth his  shield1 as the    
skin of the shoulder is called4--,m4    
,e#ie ,measles in hogs are small round  
globules or pustules that lie  along the
 muscles2 and are occasioned by         
uncleanness and want of  water4--,m4    
,e#if ,the retting of hemp1 as it is    
called1 should be done with care4  ,it  
should be taken out of the water as soon
 as it begins to swim4 ,the  smell left 
by hemp and flax is extremely           
unpleasant1 as travellers in  the flax  
districts of the ,north of ,ireland well
 know4    ,e#ig ,in time of plenty of   
mast1 our red and fallow deere will not 
let to participat thereof with our hogs1
 more than our nete3 yea1 our  common   
pultrie also1 if they may come vnto     
them4 ,but as this abundance  dooth     

prooue verie pernicious vnto the first1 
so the egs which these  latter doo bring
 foorth 7beside blackenesse in color and
 bitternesse of  tast17 haue not seldome
 beene found to breed diuerse diseases  
vnto such  persons as haue eaten of the 
same4--,harrison1 ,descrip4 of ,eng4    
part i4  p4 #cci4    ,e#ih ,if your dog 
sets chaunting 7crying7 these lawless   
hogs1 haunting  7or frequenting7 your   
fields so often1 he does you a benefit4 
,e#ii ,shaken timber is such as is full 
of clefts and cracks4  ,bestowe and     
stick it1 is to lay the boards neatly on
 each other1  with sticks between1 to   
admit the air4    ,e#ajj ,the hook and  
line is a cord with a hook at its end to
 bind up  anything with1 and carry it   
away4--,m4    ,e#aja ,flaies1 probably a
 misprint in the edition of #aehj for   
flails1 which is the reading of the     
other editions4    ,e#ajb ,cotgrave has3
 ,hastiveau1 a hasting apple or peare2  
and  ,hastivel1 as ,hastiveau2 or a     
soon-ripe apple1 called the ,st4 ,john's

  apple4 ,lacroix 7,manners1 ,customs1  
etc41 during the ,middle ,ages1 p4      
#aaf7 mentions hastiveau1 an early sort 
of pear4    ,e#ajc ,vergis and perie4   
,verjuice is well known to be the juice 
of ,crabs1 but it is not so much taken  
notice of1 that for strength  and       
flavour it comes little short if not    
exceeds lime-juice4--,t4,r4  ,verjuice1 
or green juice1 which1 with vinegar1    
formed the essential  basis of sauces1  
and is now extracted from a species of  
green grape1  which never ripens1 was   
originally the juice of sorrel2 another 
sort  was extracted by pounding the     
green blades of wheat4--,lacroix1       
,manners1 ,customs and ,dress1 during   
the ,middle ,ages1 p4 #afg4    ,e#ajd   
,make up your hedges with brambles and  
holly4 ,set no bar  put  no limit1 do   
not leave off planting quicksets while  
the months have an  ,r in their names4  
,see chap4 #ce1 stanza #f1 p4 #gg1 and  
note ,e#aab1 for #ai4  #cc4    ,e#aje   
,laying up here signifies the first     

plowing1 for ,barley it is  often       
plow'd1 so as that a ,ridge-balk in the 
middle is covered by two  opposite      
furrows4--,t4,r4    ,e#ajf ,by ,fallow  
is understood a ,winter-fallow1 or      
bringing ,ground to a  ,barley          
,season4--,t4,r4    ,e#ajg ,brantham    
parish1 in ,essex1 in which ,cattiwade  
is situated1  and the place where       
,tusser first commenced farming4 ,the   
average yield  of corn in his time was1 
on each acre well tilled and dressed1   
twenty  bushels of wheat1 thirty-two of 
barley1 and forty of oats and pulse4    
,e#ajh ,wheat does not thrive well      
either on very poor or very rich  land4 
,if the land is peeled or poor1 the     
grain is burnt or  steelie1 and if proud
 7too heavily manured71 the grain is apt
 to  run to straw4    ,e#aji ,there     
grows in several parts of ,africa1      
,asia1 and ,america1 a  kind of corn    
called ,mays1 and such as we commonly   
name ,turkey wheat4  ,they make bread of
 it1 which is hard of digestion1 heavy  

in the  stomach1 and does not agree with
 any but such as are of a robust and    
hail constitution4--,a ,treatise on     
,foods1 by ,mons4 ,l4 ,lemery1 ,london1 
#agjd1 p4 #ga4    ,e#aaj ,breadcorne and
 drinkcorn mean wheat and barley1 the   
first  being used for the making of     
bread1 the second for malting purposes4 
,mr4 ,peacock1 in his ,glossary of      
,manley1 etc41 has3 ,breadcorn1 corn  to
 be ground into breadmeal 7i4e4 flour   
with only a portion of the  bran taken  
out1 from which brown bread is made72   
not to be used for  finer purposes4 ,it 
is a common custom of farmers1 when they
 engage a  bailiff1 to give him a       
certain sum of money per annum1 and to  
allow  him also his breadcorn at #djs4  
per quarter4 ,cf4 ,piers ,plowman1 ,c4  
,text1 ,passus ix4 #fa3 ,a boussel of   
bredcorne4    ,e#aaa ,hazlitt gives as a
 proverb3 ,to play the devil in the     
bulmong4  ,an acre of bullimong land was
 worth #ccs4 #d;d42 see note ,e#cgj4    
,e#aab ,according to ,norden            

7,surveyor's ,dialogue1 #afjg1 p4 #bci7 
the  best mode of making a quickset     
hedge is as follows3 ,the plants of     
whitethorne1 mixed here and there with  
oke and ash2 if the plants  are not     
easily procured1 then the berries of the
 white or hawthorne1  acornes1 ash keyes
 mixed together1 and these wrought or   
wound up in a  rope of straw1 wil serve1
 but they will be somewhat longer in    
growing4  ,make a trench at the top or  
in the edge of the ditch1 and lay into  
it  some fat soyle1 and then lay the    
rope all along the ditch1 and cover  it 
with good soile also1 then cover it with
 the earth1 and ever as any  weedes or  
grasse begins to grow1 pull it off and  
keepe it as cleane as  may be from all  
hindrances1 and when the seeds begin to 
come1 keepe  cattle from bruising them1 
and after some two or three yeares1 cut 
the  yong spring by the earth1 and so   
will they branch and grow thick1 and  if
 occasion serve1 cut them so again      
alwayes1 preserving the oake and  ashe  

to become trees4 ,the best time to lay  
the berries in this manner  is in       
,september or ,october1 if the berries  
be fully ripe4    ,e#aac ,a porkling was
 worth #bh;d4 at the time4 ,see note    
,e#cgj4    ,e#aad ,with reference to the
 daintiness of the ,flemings1 many of   
whom  were settled on the ,east coast1  
compare the following3    ,now bere and 
bacon bene fro ,pruse ibrought  ,into   
,flaundres1 as loved and fere isoughte2 
,osmonde a kind of iron1 coppre1        
bowstaffes1 stile steel1 and wex1       
,peltre-ware hides1 and grey1 pych1     
terre1 borde1 and flex1  ,and ,coleyne  
threde1 fustiane1 and canvase1  ,corde1 
bokeram2 of olde tyme thus it wase4     
,but the ,flemmyngis1 amonge these      
thinges dere1  ,in comen lowen love     
beste bacon and bere4  ,thus arre they  
hogges2 and drynkyn wele ataunt so much2
  ,farewel1 ,flemynge6 hay1 harys1 hay1 
avaunt6    --,wright's ,political       
,songs1 ii4 #aga4    ,e#aae ,light fire1
 as it is termed1 is still used in      

,norfolk4--,m4    ,e#aaf ,bowd eaten    
malt4 ,the more it be dried 7yet must it
 be doone  with soft fire7 the sweeter  
and better the malt is1 and the longer  
it  will continue1 whereas if it be not 
dried downe 7as they call it71 but      
slackelie handled1 it will breed a kind 
of worme1 called a wiuell1  which       
groweth in the floure of the corne1 and 
in processe of time will  so eat out it 
selfe1 that nothing shall remaine of the
 graine but euen  the verie rind or     
huske4--,harrison1 ,description of      
,england1 part i4  pp4 #aef-g4 ,r4      
,holme says that the ,wievell eateth and
 devoureth corn  in the garners2 they   
are of some people called bowds4--,acad4
 of  ,arm4 ,bk4 ii4 p4 #dfg4 ,bruk is a 
maner of flye1 short and brodissh1  and 
in a sad husc1 blak hed1 in shap mykel  
toward a golde bowde1  and mykhede size 
of twyis and ryis atte moste of a gold  
bowde1 a  chouere1 oer vulgal can y non 
erfore4--,arundel ,,ms4 #db1 f4 #fd4    
,the  name gold bowde probably denotes a

 species of ,chrysomela1 ,linn4  ,way1  
in ,prompt4 ,parv4    ,e#aag ,see note  
,e#e on ,a ,medicine for the ,cowlaske4 
,sloes gently  baked in an oven are best
 preserved4 ,they are an excellent and  
cheap  remedy for laxity of the bowels1 
in men or cattle1 if judiciously        
used4--,m4    ,e#aah ,dr4 ,mavor        
suggests that as ,tusser is pretty      
correct in his  rhymes1 he probably     
wrote beasty originally4 ,in ,pegge's   
,forme of  ,cury1 #aghj1 p4 #aaa1 are   
given two recipes for the prevention of 
,restyng in ,venisoun4    ,e#aai        
,stouer4 ,stover is the term now applied
 to the coarser hay  made of clover and 
artificial grasses1 which is kept for   
the winter  feed of cattle4 ,but in     
,shakespeare's time the artificial      
grasses were  not known in ,england1 and
 were not introduced till about the     
middle of  the seventeenth century4 ,in 
,cambridgeshire ,i am informed that hay 
made  in this manner is not called      
stover till the seeds have been threshed

  out4 ,in the sixteenth century the    
word was apparently used to denote  any 
kind of winter fodder except grass hay4 
,compare    ,thy turfy mountains1 where 
live nibbling sheep1  ,and flat meads   
thatch'd with stover1 them to keep4     
--,shakspere1 ,tempest1 ,act iv4 sc4 ,i2
    and ,drayton1 ,polyolbion1 xxv4     
#ade1    ,and others from their ,carres1
 are busily about1  ,to draw out ,sedge 
and ,reed1 for ,thatch and ,stover fit4 
,stover is enumerated by ,ray among the 
,south-and ,east-,country words as  used
 in ,essex1 and is to be found in       
,moor's ,suffolk ,words and ,forby's    
,vocabulary of ,east ,anglia4    ,e#abj 
,see note ,e#fa4    ,e#aba ,in cleaning 
corn for seed1 casting or throwing it   
with a  casting shovel 7see #ag4 #a7    
from one heap to another1 in order to   
select the heaviest grains1 which will  
always go farthest1 is an  excellent    
practice3 but in malting1 this is not   
necessary1 as the  light grains and     
seeds of weeds may be skimmed off in the

 cistern4--,m4    ,e#abb ,wheat is well 
known to work better in grinding and    
baking after  it has undergone a natural
 heat in the rick or mow4 ,wheat that is
  threshed early keeps with             
difficulty4--,m4    ,e#abc ,rauening    
curres seem to have been as great a     
nuisance in  ,tusser's time as at       
present1 in spite of what ,dr4 ,mavor   
terms one of  the few patriotic taxes   
which we have to boast of4    ,e#abd    
,st4 ,edmund's ,day 7#bjth ,november7   
may probably be the proper time  for    
planting garlic and beans2 but why the  
moon should be in the wane  we are not  
informed1 though1 according to ,tusser1 
thereon hangeth a  thing4 ,the moon was 
formerly supposed to extend her power   
over all  nature1 and not over the tides
 and weather only4    ,e#abe ,the farmer
 who looks to thrive must have an eye1  
not only  to his barn1 but also to the  
cruel habits or tricks of his servants2 
otherwise he may find his cattle maimed 
or otherwise injured1 and his  poultry  

made to plaie tapple vp taile1 a cant   
expression1 meaning  to tumble head over
 heels4 ,cf4 the ,scotch phrase1 coup   
your creels4  ,cotgrave1 s4v4 ,laisser  
and ,houseau1 has an exactly parallel   
expression3 ,il a laiss ses houseaux1 he
 hath tipped up the heeles1  or is ready
 to doe it2 he hath got him to his last 
bed2 he is even as  good as gone2 he is 
no better then a dead man4 ,the         
,catholicon ,anglicum  also gives ,top  
ouer tayle1 precipitanter3 to cast tope 
ouer tayle1  precipitari4    ,e#abf ,the
 leathern bottle1 from its size1 must   
have been a most  convenient vehicle for
 the removal of corn and other stolen   
property4    ,e#abg ,our author does not
 appear to have had any idea of the use 
of  soot as a top-dressing to land1 but 
its value is now well understood1  as   
one of the greatest improvers of cold1  
mossy grasslands4    ,e#abh ,it is      
leanness and ill-dressing that occasion 
nits and lice1 not  the state of the    
weather when they are taken to house4   

,e#abi ,the rack ought to be accessible 
on all sides1 and perhaps high  enough  
for small cattle to escape under it from
 their more powerful  adversaries4--,m4 
,e#acj ,barth4 ,wedgwood includes this  
under berth1 the seaman's  term for snug
 anchorage for themselves or their      
vessels4 ,see ,glossary4    ,e#aca ,a   
fires-bird1 for that she sat continually
 by the fire  side4--,tom               
,tell-,trothe's ,new ,yeare's ,gift1    
,new ,shakspere ,soc4 ed4  ,furnivall1  
p4 #ab4    ,e#acb ,beath4 ,bathing at   
the ,fire1 as it is commonly called1    
when the  wood is yet unseasoned1 sets  
it to what purpose you think            
fit4--,t4,r4    ,e#acc ,camping4 ,goals 
were pitched #aej or #bjj yards apart1  
formed  of the thrown-off clothes of the
 competitors4 ,each party had two  goals
 #aj or #ae yards apart4 ,the parties1  
#aj to #ae aside1 stand in line  facing 
their own goals and each other1 at #aj  
yards distance1 midway  between the     
goals and nearest that of their         

adversaries4 ,an indifferent  spectator 
throws up the ball--the size of a       
cricket ball--midway  between the       
confronted players1 whose object is to  
seize and convey  it between their own  
goals4 ,the shock of the first onset to 
catch the  falling ball is very great1  
and the player who seizes it speeds home
  pursued by his opponents1 through whom
 he has to make his way1 aided by  the  
jostlings of his own sidesmen4 ,if      
caught and held1 or in imminent  danger 
of it1 he throws the ball1 but must in  
no case give it1 to  a comrade1 who1 if 
it be not arrested in its course1 or he 
be jostled  away by his eager foes1     
catches it1 and hurries home1 winning   
the  game or snotch if he contrive to   
carry1 not throw1 it between the  goals4
 ,a holder of the ball caught with it in
 his possession loses  a snotch4 ,at the
 loss of each of these the game         
recommences after  a breathing time4    
,seven or nine snotches are the game1   
and these  it will sometimes take two or

 three hours to win4 ,sometimes a large 
football was used1 and the game was then
 called kicking camp1 and  if played    
with the shoes on1 savage               
camp4--,abridged from ,major  ,moor's   
,description4    ,ray says it prevailed1
 in his time1 most in ,norfolk1         
,suffolk1 and  ,essex4 ,it was new to   
,sir ,t4 ,browne on his settling in     
,norfolk1 and is  not mentioned by      
,strutt amongst the ,sports and         
,pastimes of the ,english  ,people4     
,mr4 ,spurdens1 in his ,supplement to   
,forby's ,vocabulary1 remarks3 ,the     
contests were not unfrequently fatal to 
many of the combatants4 ,i have  heard  
old persons speak of a celebrated       
,camping1 ,norfolk against  ,suffolk1 on
 ,diss ,common1 with #cjj on each side4 
,before the ball was  thrown up1 the    
,norfolk men inquired tauntingly of the 
,suffolk men if  they had brought their 
coffins4 ,the ,suffolk men after        
fourteen hours  were the victors4 ,nine 
deaths were the result of the contest   

within  a fortnight4 ,these were called 
fighting camps1 for much boxing was     
practised in them4 ,cf4    ,this faire  
floure of womanheed    ,hath two pappys 
also smalle1  ,bolsteryd out of lenghth 
and breed1    ,lyche a large ,campyng   
ball4    --,lydgate4    ,camping ,land  
was a piece of ground set apart for the 
game4 ,a field  abutting on the         
churchyard at ,swaffham was willed for  
the purpose  by the ,rector in #adgb4   
,at ,east ,bilney and ,stowmarket are   
pieces of  ground still called ,camping 
land4 ,sir ,john ,cullum1 in his        
,history  of ,hawstead1 ,suffolk1       
describes the ,camping-pightle as       
mentioned  ,a4,d4 #adff4 ,campar or     
pleyar at foott balle1 campyon or       
champyon4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,camping is  
,foot ,ball playing1 at which  they are 
very dextrous in ,norfolk2 and so many  
,people running up and  down a piece of 
ground1 without doubt evens and saddens 
it1 so that the  ,root of the ,grass    
lies firm4444 ,the trampling of so many 

,people drives  also the ,mole          
away4--,t4,r4    ,e#acd ,all quickly    
forgot as a play on a stage4 ,comp4     
,shakspere1  ,as you ,like it1 ,act ii4 
sc4 #g3 ,all the world's a stage1 etc41 
and  ,merchant of ,venice1 ,act i4 sc4  
#a1 where ,antonio calls the world  ,a  
stage where every man must play a part4 
,totus mundus agit  histrionem1 from a  
fragment of ,petronius1 is said to have 
been the  motto on the ,globe ,theatre4 
,calderon wrote a play called ,el       
,teatro del  ,mundo 7,the ,theatre of   
the ,world74 ,it is remarkable for      
containing the  lines3    ,en el teatro 
del mundo  ,todos son representantes1   
i4e4 in the stage of the world all men  
are players4--,w4 ,w4 ,s4 ,in the  old  
play of ,damon and ,pythias 7,dodsley's 
,old ,plays1 ed4 ,hazlitt1 iv4  #ca7 the
 following occurs3    ,pythagoras said  
that this world was like a stage1       
,where many play their parts3 the       
lookers on1 the sage  ,philosophers are1
 said he1 whose part is to learn  ,the  

manners of all nations1 and the good    
from the bad to discern4    ,the same   
comparison occurs also in ,don ,quixote1
 part ii4 cap4 #ab4 ,see  note ,e#cgh4  
,e#ace ,psalm cxliv4 #d4    ,e#acf      
,atrop4 ,the fatall sisters1 ,clotho1   
,lachesis1 and ,atropos1  daughters of  
,erebus and the ,night1 were supposed to
 spin out the life  of man as it were a 
long thread1 which they drew out in     
length1 till  his fatal hour had        
arrived2 but if by any other casualty   
his days were  shortened1 then ,atropos 
was said to have cut the thread in two4 
,hence  the old verse3 ,clotho colum    
bajulat1 ,lachesis trahit1 ,atropos     
occat4    ,e#acg ,euer among1 an        
expression of frequent occurrence in    
,early  ,english1 meaning constantly1   
continually4 ,compare the ,mod4 ,eng4   
all  the while4 ,in a ,carol of the     
fifteenth century1 we read3    ,thys    
endus nyth  ,i saw a syth1     ,a stare 
as bryt as day2  ,and ever among  ,a    
mayden song     ,lullay1 by by1 lullay4 

,and in another3    ,our der ,lady she  
stod hym by1  ,and wepe water ful       
bytterly1    ,and terys of blod ever    
among4    ,e#ach ,as onely of whom our  
comfort is had4 ,the expression is      
obscure1 but the meaning is clear3 as   
the only one from whom our  comfort 7or 
strength7 is derived4    ,e#aci ,good   
husbands1 that is1 good husbandmen or   
farmers4    ,e#adj ,then lightly1 an old
 form of expression4 ,tusser means that 
poor people are then probably or        
generally most sorely oppressed4  ,cf4  
,short summer lightly has a forward     
spring4--,shakspere1 ,richard  ,,iii4   
,act iii4 sc4 #a4    ,e#ada ,few ,capons
 are cut now except about ,dorking in   
,surrey2 they  have been excluded by the
 turkey1 a more magnificent1 but perhaps
 not a  better fowl4--,pegge's ,forme of
 ,cury1 ed4 #aghj1 p4 #ai4    ,e#adb    
,vpon the tune of ,king ,salomon4 ,mar4 
#d1 #aeei1 there is a  receipt from     
,ralph ,newberry for his licence for    
printing a ballad  called ,kynge        

,saloman1 ,registr4 ,station4 ,comp4    
,lond4 notat4 ,a fol4  #dh;a4 ,again in 
#aefb1 a licence to print iij balletts1 
the one entituled  ',newes oute of      
,kent2' the other1 a ',newe ballat after
 the tune of ,kynge  ,solomon2' and the 
third1 ',newes oute of ,heaven and      
,hell4'--,ibid4  fol4 #ge;a4 ,again1    
ibid4 ,crestenmas ,carowles auctorisshed
 by my lord  of ,london4 ,a ballad of   
,solomon and the ,queen of ,sheba is    
entered in  #aefg1 ibid4 fol4           
#aff;a4--,warton's ,hist4 of ,eng4      
,poetry1 ed4 ,hazlitt1  vol4 iii4 p4    
#dbh4    ,e#adc ,there is some confusion
 here1 although the sense is clear2     
probably we should read1 and flies from 
sinne1 etc4    ,e#add ,michel cries1    
i4e4 to delay the operation of cutting1 
and  therefore the cries of the animals1
 till ,michaelmas1 will have the  effect
 of getting them into such condition as 
better to please the  butchers' eyes4   
,e#ade ,bulchin1 a double diminutive    
bull-ock-in1 cf4 man-ik-in4    ,for ten 

mark men sold a little bulchin2         
,litille less men tolde a bouke of a    
motoun2  ,men gaf fiveten schillynges   
for a goos or a hen4    --,r4 de        
,brunne's ,chronicle1 ed4 ,hearne1 i4   
#agd4    ,see also ,langtoft1 p4 #agd1  
and ,middleton1 iii4 #ebd4    ,e#adf    
,apricot2 in ,shakspere1 and in other   
writers of that century1  apricock2 in  
older writers abricot and abrecocke2    
from ,l4 prcoqua  or prcocia  early1    
from the fruit having been considered to
 be an  early peach4 ,a passage in      
,pliny 7,hist4 ,nat4 xv4 #ab7 explains  
its name3  ,post autumnum maturescunt   
,persica1 state prcocia1 intra xxx annos
  reperta4 ,martial also refers to it in
 the following words3    ,vilia materius
 fueramus praecoqua ramis1  ,nunc in    
adoptivis persica cara sumus4           
--,liber xiii4 ,ep4 #df4    ,the        
,english1 although they take their word 
from the ,french1 at first  restored the
 k1 and afterwards adopted the ,french  
termination1  apricot4--,see a paper on 

the word in ,n4 ,q4 for ,november #bc1  
#ahej4 ,i  account the ,white peare-plum
 stocks the best to ,inoculate ,aprecock
  buds upon1 although they may be done  
upon other ,plum-stocks with  good      
successe1 if they be good juycie stocks1
 able to give a good  nourishment1 for  
,aprecock trees require much            
nourishment4--,austen's  ,treatise on   
,fruit ,trees1 #afeg1 p4 #eg4 ,cotgrave 
7,fr4 ,dict47 gives1  ,abricot3 m4 ,the 
,abricot1 or ,apricocke plum4 ,minsheu  
7,span4 ,dict4  #aeii7 has1 ,albarcoque1
 or ,alvarcoque1 m4 an apricocke4       
,compare  ,midsummer ,night's ,dream1   
iii4 #a4 #afi3 ,feed him with apricocks 
and  dewberries2 and ,rich4 ,,ii4 ,act  
iii4 sc4 #d1 #bi3 ,go bind you up yon   
dangling apricocks4    ,e#adg           
,boollesse4 ,in the ,grete ,herball     
bolays1 in ,prompt4 ,parv4  bolas4      
,prunus communis1 ,huds42 var4          
insititia1 ,l4 ,in ,bacon's ,essays     
xlvi4 the name is spelt bullises4       
,e#adh ,cheries4 ,austen1 in his        

,treatise on ,fruit ,trees1 ,oxford1    
#afeg1  p4 #ef1 enumerates the following
 kinds of cherries3 ,the ,flanders      
,cherry1 most generally planted1 is a   
great bearing fruit4 ,the ,may          
,cherries are tender1 and the trees must
 be set in a warm place4 ,the           
,black-hart ,cherry1 a very speciall    
fruit1 and a great bearing fruit1  and  
doubtlesse exceeding proper to presse   
for wine either to drink of  itselfe1 or
 to mix the juyce with ,cider to give it
 a colour as  ,clarret-wine1 it being of
 a deepe red1 and a small quantity of it
  will colour a gallon of ,cider or     
,white wine4 ,there is a ,cherry  we    
call the great bearing ,cherry of ,m4   
,milleu4 ,it may very well be  called   
the great bearer1 for the trees seldome 
fayle of great store  of fruits1        
although in a cold and sharp spring4    
,e#adi ,chestnuts4 ,often spelt1 but    
improperly1 chesnut1 as though  the     
cheese-like nut4 ,from the ,o4 ,fr4     
,chastaigne1 and the ,ital4  ,castagna1 

we learn its true derivation1 namely    
from ,castana in  ,thessaly1 its native 
place4    ,e#aej ,cornet plums  cornel  
plums2 called also cornel cherry4 ,o4   
,fr4  cornille1 now cornouille1 ,l4     
,lat4 cornolium1 from ,lat4 cornus   a  
cornel cherry tree4    ,e#aea ,the      
,damasco-plum is a good fruit and the   
trees beare  well4--,austen's ,treatise 
on ,fruit ,trees1 #afeg4    ,e#aeb      
,andrew ,boorde1 in his ,introduction of
 ,knowledge1 ed4 ,furnivall1  p4 #bhc1  
says3 ,fylberdes be better than hasell  
nuttes2 yf they be  newe1 and taken from
 the tree1 and the skyn or the pyth     
pulled of1 they  be nutrytyue1 and doth 
increase fatnes4    ,e#aec ,goose       
beries4 ,dr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,prior says3 ,from 
the ,flemish kroes  or kruys berie1     
,swed4 krusbr1 a word that bears the two
 meanings  of 'cross-' and              
'frizzle-berry1' but was given to this  
fruit with the  first meaning1 in       
reference to its triple spine1 which not
 unfrequently  presents the form of a   

cross4 ,this equivocal word was         
misunderstood and  taken in its other   
sense of 'frizzle-berry1' and translated
 into ,german  and herbalist ,latin as  
'krasel-beere1' and 'uva crispa4' ,the  
,fr4  groseille and ,span4 grosella are 
corruptions of ,ger4 krasel4    ,e#aed  
,some ,authors affirme that there have  
been ,vine-yards in  ,england in former 
times1 though they be all destroyed long
 since4  ,divers places retaine the name
 of ,vine yards still1 at ,bromwell     
,abby  in ,norfolke and at ,elie in     
,cambridgshiere which afforded ,wine2   
what  else is the meaning of these old  
,rimes8    ',quatuor sunt ,elie1        
,lanterna1 ,capella ,marias  ,et        
molendinum1 nec non dans ,vinea vinum4' 
,englished thus3    ',foure things of   
,elie ,towne much spoken are1  ,the     
,leaden ,lanthorn1 ,maries ,chappell    
rare1  ,the mighty ,mil-hill in the     
,minstre field1  ,and fruitful          
,vine-yards which sweet wine doe yeeld4'
    ,and doubtlesse men might plant     

,vines with good successe1 to make good 
wine even with us4 ,there are many kinds
 of ,vines1 but ,i know none so  good1  
and fit for our climate as the ,parsley 
,vine or ,canada ,grape1 we  see by     
experience yearly it beares abundance of
 fruit unto perfection4  ,and whosoever 
would plant ,vines in ,england ,i think 
he cannot meet  with a better kind than 
the ,parsley ,vine both for bearing and 
goodnesse4 ,the ,fox grape is a faire   
large ,fruit and a very  great bearer   
although not of so much esteem as divers
 others4 ,the  ,frantiniack ,grape is of
 great accompt with many1 and is a      
speciall  fruit where it comes to       
perfect ripenesse1 which it hardly does1
 except  the ,vine be set upon the      
,south-wall where it may have much sun4 
,the ,red and ,white ,muskadine ,grape  
are speciall fruits and beare  very     
well1 and come to perfect ripenesse if  
the ,vine grow upon the  ,south-wall or 
upon the ,easte-wall which is best next4
 ,there is the  ,curran ,grape1 ,cluster

 ,grape1 and many other kinds of good   
grapes1 and  the fruits are better or   
worse according to the place they grow  
in3 ,if they have much sun1 and be well 
ordered1 the fruit will be  better and  
sooner ripe4--,austen's ,treatise of    
,fruit ,trees1 #afeg4    ,e#aee ,there  
are very many kinds of ,plums1 many more
 than of  ,cherries4 ,i esteeme the     
,mustle ,plum one of the best1 being a  
faire  large black plum1 and of an      
excellent rellish1 and the trees beare  
abundantly4 ,the ,damazeene also is an  
excellent fruit4 ,the ,violet and       
,premorden ,plum-trees are very great   
bearing trees1 and the fruits  pleasant 
and good4 ,the ,white ,peare-plum-stocks
 are accounted the  best1 and the       
,damson-stocks the worst for grafting   
upon4--,ibid4 p4  #eg4    ,e#aef        
,hurtillberies 7 ,whortleberries7 called
 ',hurts' for shortness  at ,godalming4 
,i suspect this may be connected with   
,hurtmoor1 the name  of a dale near     
,godalming4--,note by ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4     

,skeat4 ',hurtilberries'  for           
'whortleberries1' itself a corruption   
for 'myrtleberries4'--,dr4  ,prior1     
,popular ,names of ,british ,plants1    
#ahgj4    ,e#aeg ,medlars1 called in    
,normandy and ,anjou meslier1 from ,lat4
  mespilus1 but as the verb mesler      
became in ,english meddle1 so  this     
fruit also1 although a word of different
 origin1 took a d for an  s and became  
medlar4--,ibid4    ,the ,kernells of    
medlers bruised to dust1 and drunk in   
liquor  7especially where ,parsly roots 
have been steeped71 doe mightily drive  
out stones and gravell from the         
kidneyes4--,austen1 ,treatise on ,fruit 
,trees1 #afeg1 p4 #hd4    ,e#aeh ,the   
,iuyce of ,mulberries is knowne by      
experience to be a  good remedy for a   
sore mouth1 or throat1 such as are      
perfectly ripe  relax the belly1 but the
 unripe 7especially dry'd7 are said to  
bind  exceedingly1 and therefore are    
given to such as have ,lasks and        
,fluxes4--,ibid4 p4 #hd4    ,e#aei      

,peach1 in old works spelt ,peske1      
,peesk1 ,peshe1 and ,peche1 ,o4  ,fr4   
pesche1 ,l4 ,persica1 formerly called   
malum persicum  ,persian  apple1 from   
which the ,arabs formed their name for  
it with the prefix  el or al1 and thence
 the ,spanish alberchigo4--,dr4 ,r4 ,a4 
,prior4    ,austen1 in his work already 
quoted1 says 7p4 #eh73 ,of ,peaches     
there  are divers kinds4 ,i know by     
experience the ,nutmeg and ,newington   
,peaches to be excellent fruits1        
especially the ,nutmeg ,peach4    ,e#afj
 ,evidently a misprint for ,peare-plums1
 which is the reading  of all the later 
editions4 ,austen1 in his ,treatise on  
,fruit ,trees1  recommends that ,peaches
 be grafted on plum stocks1 such as the 
,white  ,peare-plum-stock4    ,e#afa    
,the word ,quince preserves only a      
single letter of its  original form4 ,a 
passage in the ,romaunt of the ,rose    
shows an early  form of the word1 and   
also exhibits chestnut and cherry in a  
transitional stage of adoption from the 

,french4 ,the author of the  ,romaunt   
writes3    ,and many homely trees there 
were1  ,that peaches1 coines1 and apples
 bere2  ,medlers1 plummes1 peeres1      
chesteines1  ,cherise1 of which many one
 faine is4    ,it is evident that the   
,english word is a corruption of the    
,french  coing1 which we may trace      
through the ,italian cotogna to ,lat4   
cotonium or cydonium malum1 the apple of
 ,cydon1 a town in  ,crete4--,taylor's  
,words and ,places4 ,in the ,paston     
,letters1 i4 #bde1  occurs the word     
chardequeyns1 that is1 a preserve made  
of quinces4  ,see also the ,babees      
,book1 ,e4,e4,t4 ,soc4 ed4 ,furnivall1  
p4 #aeb4 ,in the  ordinances of the     
household of ,george1 ,duke of          
,clarence1 p4 #ajc1  charequynses occur 
under the head of spices1 their price   
being #e  shillings the boke1 or #b     
#ajs4 for #aj lbs41 ,a4,d4 #adfh4       
,e#afb ,respis4 ,in ,turner's ,herbal   
called ,raspis or ,raspices1 the  latter
 of which is apparently a double plural4

 ,probably from resp1  a word that in   
the ,eastern counties means a shoot1 a  
sucker1 a young  stem1 and especially   
the fruit-bearing stem of raspberries   
7,forby74  ,this name it may owe to the 
fact that the fruit grows on the young  
shoots of the previous year4    ,e#afc  
,reisons1 most probably currants4       
,raysouns of  ,coraunte4--,pegge's      
,forme of ,cury1 ed4 #aghj1 p4 #af4     
,turner 7,names of ,herbes7 says the    
currant tree is called in some  places  
of ,england a ,rasin tree4--,note by    
,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1 ,f4,l4,s4    ,e#afd  
,seruice trees4 ,dr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,prior1 in 
his ,popular ,names of  ,british        
,plants1 #ahgj1 p4 #bji1 says3          
,service-1 or1 as in ,ph4 ,holland's    
,pliny more correctly spelt1            
,servise-tree1 from ,l4 ,cervisia1 its  
fruit  having from ancient times been   
used for making a fermented liquor1 a   
kind of beer3                    ,et    
pocula lti  ,fermento atque acidis      
imitantur vitea sorbis4    --,virg4     

,georgics ,,iii4 #cgi4    ,diefenbach   
remarks 7,or4 ,eur4 #ajb73 'bisweilen   
bedeutet cervisia einen  nicht aus      
,getreide gebranten ,trank2' and ,evelyn
 tells us in his ,sylva  7ch4 xv471 that
 'ale and beer brewed with these        
berries1 being ripe1  is an incomparable
 drink4' ,the ,cerevisia of the ancients
 was made  from malt1 and took its name1
 we are told by ,isidore of ,seville1   
from  ,ceres1 ,cereris1 but this has    
come to be used in a secondary sense    
without regard to its etymological      
meaning1 just as in ,balm-tea  we use   
tea in the sense of an infusion1 without
 regard to its being  properly the name 
of a different plant4 ,wild ,service1   
the rowan tree2  ,pyrus aucuiparia1     
,grt4    ,e#afe ,wallnuts are usually   
eaten after meales to close up the      
stomach1 and help digestion4 ,and       
according to ,avicen 7,can4 lib4 #b1    
cap4 #eja71 recentes sunt meliores      
stomacho 7the newer the better for  the 
stomach74 ,bread or ,bisket may be made 

of the meale being dried4 ,the  young   
nuts peeled are preserved1 and candied  
for ,banquetting stuffe3  and being ripe
 the ,kernells may be crusted over with 
sugar1 and kept  long4 ,avicen says     
7,can4 lib4 #b1 cap4 #eja73 ',iuglans   
ficubus et ,rut  medicina omnibus       
venenis'3 ,wallnuts with ,figs and ,rue 
is a preservative  against all poison4  
,schol4 ,salern4 reckons ,wallnuts for  
one of the  six things that resist      
poyson3    ',allia1 ,nux1 ,ruta1 ,pyra1 
,raphanus cum ,theriaca3  ,hc sunt      
,antidotum contra mortale venenum4'     
,garlicke1 ,rue1 ,peares1 ,treacle and  
,nuts3  ,take these and then no deadly  
poyson hurts4    ,mithridates the great3
 his preservative was 7as is recorded by
 ,pliny1  ,nat4 ,hist4 lib4 #bc1 c4     
#ah71 ',two ,wallnuts1 two ,figs1 #bj   
leaves of  ,rue and a grain of salt     
stamped together1' which taken no poyson
 that  day could hurt him4 ,greene      
,wallnuts about ,midsommer distilled and
  drunk with vineger1 are accounted a   

certain preservative against the        
,pestilence4--,austen's ,treatise of    
,fruit ,trees1 #afeg4 ,walnuts be       
hurtful to the memory1 and so are       
,onyons1 because they annoy the eyes    
with dazeling dimnesse through a hoate  
vapour4--,t4 ,newton1 ,touchstone1  ed4 
#aeha1 f4 #abe;b4 ,the original         
prescription of the antidote of         
,mithridates1 discovered by ,pompey     
among the archives of the king1 was     
very simple4 ,q4 ,serenus tells us that 
,magnus scrinia regis  ,cum raperet     
victor1 vilem deprehendit in illis      
,synthesin1 et vulgata satis medicamina 
risit3  ,bis denum rut folium1 salis et 
breve granum1  ,juglandesque duas1 terno
 cum corpore ficus4    ,cf4 ,piers      
,plowman1 ,c4 ,text1 ,pass4 xiii4 #adc3 
,as in a walnote withoute ys a byter    
barke1  ,and after at biter barke be e  
shele aweye1  ,ys a curnel of comfort   
kynde to restorie4    ,on which see ,mr4
 ,skeat's note4    ,e#aff ,warden       
appulles rosted1 stued1 or baken1 be    

nutrytyue1  and doth comfort the        
stomache1 specyally yf they be eaten    
with  comfettes4--,andrew ,boorde's     
,dyetary1 ed4 ,furnivall1 ,e4,e4,t4     
,soc4 p4  #bhd4 ,and again1 ibid4 p4    
#bia1 as a remedy for the ,pestilence3  
,let  hym vse to eate stued or baken    
wardens1 yf they can be goten2 yf not1  
eate stued or baken peers1 with         
comfettes3 vse no grosse meates1 but    
those the which be lyght of dygestyon4  
,e#afg ,froth refers here to veal and   
pig and lamb1 all three4  ,halliwell    
suggests tender as the meaning4 ,it     
seems to mean pulpy or  light4    ,e#afh
 ,be greedie in spending1 that is1 he   
who is eager to spend and  careless in  
saving1 will soon become a beggar1 and  
he who is ready to  kill1 and unskilful 
in storing1 need look for no plenty4    
,e#afi ,there are certain wheels called 
,dredge ,wheels1 by the use  of which   
loads may be carried thro' meadows1 even
 if it be not a  frost4--,t4,r4         
,e#agj ,doue houses4 ,the ,norfolk and  

,suffolk rebels1 under ,kett in  #aedi1 
say in their list of ,grievances3 ,we   
pray that noman vnder  the degre of a   
knyght or esquyer1 kepe a dowe-house1   
except it hath  byn of an ould aunchyent
 costome4--,see ,ballads from           
,manuscripts1 ed4  ,furnivall1 i4 #adi4 
,e#aga ,to buie at the stub1 that is1 to
 buy on the ground or on the  spot1 and 
do the carriage oneself4 ,a4,s4 styb1   
,dutch stobbe  a  stump2 whence ,eng4   
stubborn1 stubble4    ,e#agb ,edder and 
stake2 still in common use in ,kent1    
,sussex1 etc4 ,see  ,ray's ,glossary1   
s4v4 ,yeather4    ,e#agc ,so far as in  
lopping1 etc41 seems to imply that the  
tops will  take root of themselves      
without planting4    ,e#agd ,spenser    
uses ,prime in the sense of             
,spring-time4 ,see ,fairy  ,queene1     
,canto ii4 st4 #dj1 iv4 #ag1 and vi4    
#ac4    ,e#age ,beliue  in the night1   
according to ,tusser ,redivivus1 but    
wrongly4 ,see ,mr4 ,skeat's note in     
,ray's ,glossary1 s4v4 ,beliue4         

,e#agf ,hugh ,prowler is our ,author's  
name for a night walker4--,t4,r4        
,e#agg ,harrison1 ed4 #aehg1 fo4 #db1   
speaks of sheep1 such as bring  foorth  
but one at a time1 as anelings1 from    
which it would seem that  twinlings mean
 sheep such as bring forth twins and not
 the twins  themselves4 ,dr4 ,mavor     
says3 ,twin lambs are supposed to       
perpetuate  their prolific quality1 and 
are therefore kept for breeders4 ,in    
some  parts of ,norfolk and ,lincoln    
they will keep none but twinlins1 but   
then it is in rich land as ,mershland   
and ,holland4--,t4,r4    ,e#agh         
,peccantem should be peccavi1 which is  
the reading of the  editions of #aegc1  
#aehe1 and #aeig4    ,e#agi ,for yoke or
 the paile3 whether intended for the    
yoke or for  the dairy4    ,e#ahj ,the  
strongest pigs are observed to suck     
foremost1 because there  they find milk 
in the greatest abundance4--,m4         
,e#aha ,yoong fils4 ,we should certainly
 read1 as required by the  rhythm of the

 line1 fillies1 which is found in the   
editions of #aegc1  #aegg1 and #aeig4   
,e#ahb ,as concerning ,arbors1 ,seats1  
etc41 in ,orchards and ,gardens1 ,i     
advise men to make them of ,fruit trees1
 rather then of ,privet1 or  other      
rambling stuffe1 which yeelds no profit1
 but only for shade4 ,if  you make them 
of ,cherry-trees1 ,plum-trees1 or the   
like1 there will be  the same advantage 
for shade1 and all the ,fruits          
superadded4 ,all  that can be objected  
is1 that ,fruit-trees are longer in     
growing up  then ,privet1 ,virgine      
,bower1 or the like1 whereof arbors are 
commonly  made4 ,it is answered4 ,though
 ,fruit-trees are something longer in   
covering an ,arbor1 then some other     
things1 yet they make sufficient  amends
 in their lasting and bearing           
fruits4--,austen's ,treatise of  ,fruit 
,trees1 #afeg1 p4 #fa4    ,e#ahc ,oats  
sown in ,january would be most likely to
 rise free from  weeds1 but it is not   
often that the season and the soil will 

admit  of such early culture4 ,the whole
 stanza is somewhat enigmatical4 ,the   
earlier editions read uniformly3 by the 
hay1 etc41 but the more  modern have3   
buy thee hay1 etc41 which is probably   
the correct  reading4 ,the obvious      
meaning is1 provide early what may be   
required1  that you may escape risk of  
failure and dearth4 ,if you buy your hay
 in  ,may1 you are prepared against the 
worst4    ,e#ahd ,plash here means to   
pleach down a hedge over the burrows2   
set means plant over the place where the
 burrows are1 not to stop the  rabbits  
from coming out1 but to give them a     
means of escape from the  dogs who might
 otherwise snap them up before they     
reached their holes4    ,e#ahe ,a cage  
for moulting hawks was called a mewe4   
,for the better  preservation of their  
health they strowed mint and sage about 
them2 and  for the speedier mewing of   
their feathers they gave them the slough
  of a snake1 or a tortoise out of the  
shell1 or a green lizard cut in         

pieces4--,aubrey's ,wilts4 ,,ms4 p4     
#cda4 ,ducange 7,glossary ,m4 et ,i4    
,lat47  has ,muta1 ,accipitrum domuncula
 in qua includuntur falcones1 cum       
plumas mutant2 accipitres enim quotannis
 pennas mutant4    ,e#ahf ,all's fish   
they get1 etc4 ,see ,gascoyne's ,steele 
,glass1 ,arber's  ,reprint1 p4 #eg4     
,e#ahg ,feb1 fill the dike4 ,in ,mr4    
,robinson's ,whitby ,glossary is given  
as a weather expression of ,yorkshire3  
,february fill-dike1 and ,march  muck't 
out4 ,another form is in ,hazlitt's     
,eng4 ,proverbs3    ,february fill dike 
be it black or be it white3  ,but if it 
be white1 it's better to like4          
,fevrier remplit les fosses3 ,mars les  
seche4--,fr4 ,provb4    ,see also       
,swainson's ,weather ,folklore1 pp4     
#dj-db4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4  ,britten1   
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#ahh ,leaue iobbing1 i4e4
 leave off jobbing1 or pecking1 with    
their beaks4 ,see ,prompt4 ,parv4 p4    
#cf4 ,bollyn1 or jowin wythe the  bvlle 
as byrdys 7byllen or iobbyn as bryddys  

,k4 iobbyn with the byl  ,h4,p474       
,rostro4    ,e#ahi ,see note ,e#aab4    
,e#aij ,moles1 for the trapping of which
 each parish used to maintain  a sapper 
and miner1 are found to be excellent    
husbandmen1 the little  heaps of friable
 soil which they throw up furnishing1   
when spread  abroad1 the best of top    
dressings4 ,it may be novel to some to  
be  informed that moles may be taken    
with dogs1 properly trained4 ,this may  
serve to diversify the life of a        
professed hunter4--,m4    ,e#aia ,as for
 mole-hills forming a warm and dry      
station for lambs1  the same may be said
 with much greater propriety of         
ant-hills2 yet  neither would be        
suffered to remain on a well-managed    
farm4    ,e#aib ,lease1 a small         
enclosure near the homestall4--,m4 ,a   
name used in  some countries for a small
 piece of ground of #b or #c            
acres4--,t4,r4    ,e#aic ,mestlen4      
,years ago in ,norfolk thousands of     
acres yeelded  no better grain crop than

 rye1 of which the bread of farm        
households  was made4 ,meslin bread made
 of wheat and rye in equal quantity was 
for the master's table alone4--,forby4  
,and there at the manor of              
,marlingford1 and at the mill loaded    
both carts with ,mestlyon and           
,wheat4--,paston ,letters1 iii4 p4 #bid4
 ,for they were neither hogs nor        
devils1 nor devilish hogs1 nor hoggish  
devils1 but a mesling of the            
two4--,fairfax4 ,the mixed grain1       
meslin1 was used in ,france in the      
concoction of beer1 as appears by the   
regulations for the brewers of  ,paris1 
#abed1 who were to use grains1 c'est    
savoir1 d'orge1 de  mestuel1 et de      
drage4--,reglements t4 ,louis ,,ix4 ed4 
,depping1 p4  #bi4 ,at a dinner given in
 #aefa to the ,duke of ,norfolk by the  
,mayor of  ,norwich1 there were         
provided3 xvj loves white bread ivd41   
xviij  loves wheaten bread1 ixd41 iij   
loves mislin bread iijd4--,leland1      
,itin4 vi4 xvii4 ,plot 7,hist4 of       

,oxford1 p4 #bdb7 says that the         
,oxfordshire land termed sour is good   
for wheat and miscellan1 namely  wheat  
and rye mixed4    ,e#aid ,it is to be   
regretted1 both on the score of policy  
and health1  that in reforming false    
principles1 we renounced salutary       
practices4  ,days of abstinence from    
flesh-meat1 if not prescribed by        
authority1  should be voluntarily       
imposed on ourselves4 ,if the fisherman 
purchases  bread of the farmer1 the     
farmer in his turn ought to encourage   
the  fisherman1 who in peace and war has
 the highest claims to support4--,m4    
,e#aie ,auens4 ,avence herbe1 ,avancia1 
,sanamunda4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,by  some  
called harefoot4 ,it was used in        
cookery2 see ,pegge's ,forme of  ,cury1 
ed4 #aghj1 p4 #ac4    ,e#aif ,betanie4  
,lat4 betonica1 said by ,pliny to have  
been first  called ,vettonica1 from the 
,vettones1 a people of ,spain4    ,e#aig
 ,bleets4 ,the name of some pot-herb    
which ,evelyn in ,acetaria  takes to be 

the ,good ,henry1 and remarks of it     
that1 'tis insipid  enough4  ,greek3    
bliton  insipid4 ,in ,lyte's ,dodoens1  
p4 #edg1  are given three kinds of      
,blitte or ,bleet1 and the ,french name 
is said  to be ,pourre rouge4 ,suda     
maritima1 or sea-blite1 belongs to the  
goose-foot tribe2 the good-king-,henry1 
or ,chenopodium bonus-,henricus1  is of 
the same tribe4 ,see ,flowers of the    
,field1 by ,c4 ,a4 ,johns4--,note  by   
,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat4    ,beets1        
although joined here with bleets1 no    
doubt refers to the  common beetroot1   
,beta vulgaris1 ,linn4 ,gerard had the  
,white or ,yellow  ,beete in his        
garden4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1    
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#aih ,bloodwoort1 called 
also ,bloody-dock1 from its red veins   
and  stems4 ,rumex sanguineus1 ,l4      
,called also ,walwort and ,danewort in  
,lyte's ,dodoens1 #aegh1 p4 #chj1 who   
says that the fumes of ,walwort  burned1
 driueth away ,serpentes and other      
venemous beastes4    ,e#aii ,the rootes 

of ,borage and ,buglosse soden tender   
and made  in a ,succade1 doth ingender  
good blode1 and doth set a man in a     
temporaunce4--,a4 ,boorde's ,dyetary1   
,e4,e4,t4 ,soc4 ed4 ,furnivall1 p4 #bgh4
    ,e#bjj ,burnet1 a term formerly     
applied to a brown cloth1 ,fr4          
brunette1 ,it4 brunetta1 and given to   
the plant so called from its  brown     
flowers4--,dr4 ,prior1 ,popular ,names  
of ,british ,plants1 #ahgj4  ,called    
also ,pimpinell4--,lyte's ,dodoens1     
#aegh1 p4 #ach4    ,e#bja ,burrage4 ,fr4
 bourache1 ,m4 ,lat4 borago4 ,apuleius  
says that  its original name was        
corrago1 quia cordis affectibus medetur1
 a  word that the herbalists suppose to 
have become1 by change of c to  b1      
borrago4 ,see ,a4 ,boorde's ,dyetary1   
ed4 ,furnivall1 pp4 #bgh-bhj4    ,e#bjb 
,clarie4 ,m4 ,lat4 sclarea1 from clarus 
clear1 and prefix  ex4 ,called by the   
apothecaries clear-eye1 translated into 
,oculus  ,christi1 ,godes-eie1 and      
,see-bright1 and eye-salves made of it4 

,salvia ,sclarea1 ,linn4 ,called in     
,french ,ornale or ,fonte-bonne2  it    
maketh men dronke and causeth headache1 
and therefore some ,brewers  do boyle it
 with their ,bier in steede of          
,hoppes4--,lyte's ,dodoens1 ed4  #aegh1 
p4 #bec4    ,e#bjc ,coleworts4          
,dioscorides 7quoted in ,cogan's ,haven 
of ,health1  p4 #di7 says 7lib4 #b1 cap4
 #aac7 that if they be eaten last after 
meats1 they preserue the stomacke from  
surfetting1 and the head from           
drunkennesse4 ,yea some write1 that if  
one would drinke much wine for a  wager1
 and not be drunke1 but to haue also a  
good stomacke to meate1  that he should 
eate before the banquet raw ,cabage     
leaues with ,vinegar  so much as he     
list1 and after the banquet to eate     
againe foure or fiue  raw leaues1 which 
practice is much vsed in ,germanie4444  
,the ,vine and  the ,coleworts be so    
contrarie by nature that if you plant   
,coleworts  neere to the rootes of the  
,vine1 of it selfe it will flee from    

them4  ,therefore it is no maruaile if  
,colewortes be of such force against    
drunkennesse2 ,but ,i trust no student  
will prooue this experiment1  whether he
 may be drunken or not1 if he eate      
,coleworte leaues before  and after a   
feast4    ,e#bjd ,the numerous virtues  
of this herb are thus summed up in the  
,king's ,coll4 ,,ms4 of the             
,promptorium3    ,bis duo dat maratrum1 
febres fugat atque venenum1  ,et purgat 
stomacum1 sic reddit lumen acutum4      
,macer gives a detailed account1 in     
which the following remarkable  passages
 occur3 e edderes wole ete fenel1 when  
her yen dasny1 and  so she geti ayene   
her clere sighte2 and er oroghe it is   
founde and  preved at fenel do profit to
 mannis yene3 e yen at ben dusked1  and 
dasni1 shul be anoynted with e ius of   
fenelle rotis medeled  with hony2 and is
 oynement shalle put a-way alle e       
dasewenesse of  hem1 and make hem bryt4 
,the virtue of fennel in restoring      
youth1  was a discovery attributed by   

,macer to serpents2 is proui auctours   
and filisoferis1 for serpentis whan men 
7sic7 olde1 and willeth  to wexe        
stronge1 myghty1 and yongly a-yean1 ei  
gon and eten ofte  fenel1 and ei become 
yongliche and myghty4--,,ms4 in the     
possession  of ,h4 ,w4 ,diamond1 ,esq4  
,this herb is called in ,german         
,fenchel1 ,dutch  ,venckel4 ,in ,piers  
,plowman mention occurs of3 ,a ferthyng 
worth of  fynkel-sede for fastinge      
daies2 ,c4 vii4 #cfj2 spelt fenel in the
 other  texts4 ,fenkylle or fenelle1    
feniculum4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,fenelle or 
fenkelle1 feniculum1                    
maratrum4--,catholicon ,anglicum4       
,e#bje ,andreas the ,herborist writeth  
that the root of the ,langdebeefe  tyed 
or bounde to the diseased place1 swageth
 the ache of the veynes  7called ,varix7
 being to muche opened or enlarged and  
fylled with  grosse blood4--,lyte's     
,dodoens1 #aegh1 p4 #efh4 ,see also     
,gerard's ,herbal1  #afcc4    ,this is  
no doubt ,helminthia echioides1 ,linn41 

of which ,parkinson  7,paradisus7 gives 
a good description and figure under this
 name1 and  says1 ,the leaves are onely 
used 444 for an herbe for the pot among 
others4 ,lyte's reference is to some    
other plant which has a purple          
flower4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1    
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bjf ,leek4 ,a remnant of
 ,a4,s4 porleac1 from ,lat4 porrum and  
leac  a plant1 ,ger4 lauch4    ,e#bjg   
,longwort1 called in ,lyte's ,dodoens1  
p4 #abe1 ,sage of ,jerusalem1  whiche   
herbe hath no particular vse in         
,physicke1 but it is much vsed  in      
,meates and ,salades with egges1 as is  
also ,cowslippes and ,prymeroses1       
whervnto in temperature it is much like4
 ,see also ,gerard's ,herbal1  #afcc1   
where it is called ,cowslips of         
,jerusalem4    ,e#bjh ,liuerwort1 so    
called from the liver shape of the      
thallus1  and its supposed effects in   
disease of the liver4 ,o4 ,l4 ,ger4     
,steenleuerwnyt4 ,according to ,lyte's  
,dodoens1 p4 #ei1 a soueraigne  medicine

 against the heate and inflammation of  
the ,lyuer1 and all hoate  ,feuers or   
,agues4 ,anemone ,hepatica1 ,linn4      
,the first portion of this note refers  
to a ,cryptogam called ,liverwort1      
having nothing to do with the plant     
meant by ,tusser4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4    
,britten1 ,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bji ,marigolds
 are hote and drye1 an herbe well knowen
 and as vsual  in the kitchin as in the 
hal3 the nature whereof is to open at   
the  ,sunne rising1 and to close vp at  
the ,sunne setting4 ,it hath one good   
propertie and very profitable for       
,students1 that is by the vse thereof   
the sight is sharpened4 ,and againe the 
water distilled of ,marigolds  when it  
flowreth1 doth help the rednesse and    
inflammation of the eyes  if it be      
dropped into them1 or if a linnen cloth 
wet in the water be  laid upon them4    
,also the powder of ,marigolds dried1   
being put into the  hollownesse of the  
teeth1 easeth toothach4 ,and the juice  
of the herbe  mingled with a little     

salt1 and rubbed often times vpon       
,warts1 at  length weareth them         
away4--,cogan's ,haven of ,health1 ch4  
#fc4 ,called in  the ,grete ,herbal     
,mary ,gowles1 a name that seems to have
 originated in  the ,a4,s4              
mersc-mear-gealla  marsh-horse-gowl1 the
 marsh marigold1  or caltha1 transferred
 to the exotic plant of our gardens and 
misunderstood as ,mary ,gold4 ,it is    
often mentioned as ,gold simply by  our 
older poets3    ,that she sprunge up out
 of the molde  ,into a floure was named 
golde4    --,gower1 ed4 #aeed1 f4 #abj4 
,the yellow marigold1 the sunne's own   
flower1 says ,heywood in ,marriage      
,triumphe1 and so called1 says ,hyll    
7,art of ,gard4 ch4 xxx471 for that     
after the rising of the sun unto noon1  
this flower openeth larger and  larger2 
but after the noontime unto the setting 
of the sun the flower  closeth more and 
more1 so that after the setting thereof 
it is wholly  shut up4    ,the marigold 
observes the sun1  ,more than my        

subjects me have done4    --,k4 ,charles
 ,i4    ,e#baj ,mercurie4 ,a name rather
 vaguely applied in old works1  probably
 the ,good ,henry1 ,chenopodium ,bonus  
,henricus4 ,called also  ,allgood1      
,dutch algoede1 ,ger4 allgut1 from ,lat4
 tota bona1  ,cotgrave and ,palsgrave   
toutte bonne1 on account of its         
excellent  qualities as a remedy and as 
an esculent2 hence the proverb3 ,be thou
  sick or whole1 put ,mercury in thy    
koale4--,cogan1 ,haven of ,health1  ch4 
#bh4 ,the ,barons ,mercury1 or male     
,phyllon dronken1 causeth to  engender  
male children1 and the ,mayden          
,mercurie1 or gyrles ,phyllon  dronken1 
causeth to engender ,gyrles or          
,daughters4--,lyte's ,dodoens1 p4  #gh4 
,it is still much grown in some         
districts1 as in ,lincolnshire 7where it
  is called ,marquerry71 being boiled   
and eaten as spinach4--,note by ,mr4    
,j4 ,britten1 ,f4,l4,s4    ,e#baa ,nep1 
common ,cat-mint4 ,dronken with honied  
water is good  for them that haue fallen

 from a lofte1 and haue some bruse or   
squat1 and bursting1 for it digesteth   
the congeled and clotted  bloud1 and is 
good for the payne of the bowels1 the   
shortnesse of  breath1 the oppillation  
or stopping of the breast1 and against  
the  ,jaundice4--,lyte1 p4 #adh4 ,see   
also ,gerard's ,herbal1 #afcc4 ,nepe1   
herbe1  ,coloquintida1                  
cucurbita4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,neppe1 an  
herbe1 herbe du  chat4--,palsgrave4     
,forby gives the ,norfolk simile as     
white as nep1  in allusion to the white 
down which covers this plant4    ,the   
plant referred to in the quotation from 
the ,prompt4 ,parv4 is not  that meant  
by ,tusser4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1
 ,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bab ,orach1 ,atriplex  
hortensis1 or sativa1 formerly ,arach1  
,prompt4 ,parv4 ,arage1 in ,,ms4 ,harl4 
#igi ,arasches1 ,fr4 arroche1 from  ,low
 ,lat4 aurago from aurum  gold1 by the  
addition to it of ago   wort1 as in     
plantago1 lappago1 etc4 ,at the same    
time its use in the  cure of jaundice1  

aurugo1 may have fixed upon the plant   
the name of  the disease4    ,atriplicem
 tritam cum nitro1 melle1 et aceto1     
,dicunt appositam calidam sedare        
podagram3  ,ictericis dicitque ,galenus 
tollere morbum  ,illius semen cum vino  
spius haustum4    --,macer1 cap4 xxviii4
 l4 #g1 quoted by ,dr4 ,prior4    ,e#bac
 ,patience1 called in ,lyte's ,dodoens1 
p4 #eei1 ,wild ,docke1 and  stated to be
 a remedy for jaundice1 the bitinges and
 stinginges of  ,scorpions1 and the     
tooth ache1 and if hanged about the     
necke it doth  helpe the kinges euill or
 swelling in the throte4    ,e#bad ,if  
the virtues of ,penny ,royal1 as stated 
in ,lyte's ,dodoens1 p4  #bcb1 be true1 
the use of it might now be              
advantageously adopted by the  consumers
 of ,london drinking water4 ,he says3   
,if at any time men be  constrayned to  
drinke corrupt1 naughtie1 stinking1 or  
salte water1  throw ,penny royal into   
it1 or strow the pouder thereof into it1
 and it  shall not hurte any bodie4 ,it 

is sometimes called ,pudding-grass1 from
  its being used to make stuffings for  
meat1 formerly called puddings4  ,it is 
recommended by ,andrew ,boorde          
7,dyetary1 ed4 ,e4,e4,t4 ,soc4 p4 #bha7 
as  a remedy for melancholy1 and to     
comfort the spirits of men4    ,e#bae   
,primerose1 from ,pryme rolles1 the name
 it bears in old  books and ,,mss4 ,the 
,grete ,herball1 ch4 cccl4 says3 ,it is 
called ,pryme  ,rolles of pryme tyme1   
because it beareth the first floure in  
pryme  tyme4 ,it is also so called in   
,frere ,randolph's ,catalogue4 ,chaucer 
writes it in one word primerole4 7,see  
also ,,ms4 ,addit4 #aa1 #cjg1 f4 #cg3   
,he shal ben lyk the lytel bee  ,that   
seketh the blosme on the tre1  ,and     
souketh on the prumorole47    ,primerole
 is an abbreviation of ,fr4 primeverole1
 ,it4 primaverola1  dimin4 of prima     
vera1 from fior di prima vera  the first
 spring  flower4 ,primerole1 as an      
outlandish unintelligible word1 was soon
  familiarized into prime rolles1 and   

this into primrose4 ,this is  explained 
in popular works as meaning the first   
rose of the spring1  a name that never  
could have been given to a plant that in
 form and  colour is so unlike a rose4  
,but the rightful claimant is1 strange  
to say1 the daisy1 which in the ,south  
of ,europe is a common and  conspicuous 
flower in early spring1 while the       
primrose is an  extremely rare one1 and 
it is the daisy that bears the name in  
all the old books4 ,see ,fuchs1 ,hist4  
,stirpium1 #aedb1 p4 #ade1 where  there 
is an excellent figure of it1 titled    
primula veris2 and the  ,ortus          
,sanitatis1 ed4 ,augsb4 #adhf1 ch4      
cccxxxiii41 where we have a  very good  
woodcut of a daisy titled masslieben1   
,premula veris1  ,latine4 ,brunfelsius1 
,novum ,herbarium1 ed4 #aeca1 speaking  
of the  ,herba paralysis1 the cowslip1  
says1 p4 #aeij1 expressly1 ,sye wrt von 
etlichen ,doctores ,primula veris       
genaunt1 das doch falsch ist wann       
,primula veris ist matsomen oder        

zeitlosen4 ,brunschwygk 7,de ,arte      
,distillandi1 #aejj1 book ii4 c4 viii47 
uses the same words4 ,the ,zeitlose  is 
the daisy4 ,parkinson 7,th4 ,bot4 p4    
#eca7 assigns the name to both the      
daisy and the primrose4 ,matthioli 7ed4 
,frankfort1 #aehf1 p4 #fec7 calls  his  
,bellis ,major ,primo fiore maggiore1   
seu ,fiore di prima vera1  nonnullis    
,primula veris major and figures the    
moon-daisy4 ,his ,bellis  minor1 which  
seems to be our daisy1 he calls ,primo  
fiore minore1  ,fior di primavera1      
,gallis ,marguerites1 ,germanis         
,masslieben4 ,at  p4 #hhc1 he figures   
the cowslip1 and calls that also        
,primula veris1  ,italis ,fiore di      
primavera1 ,gallis primevere4--,dr4     
,prior's ,pop4  ,names of ,british      
,plants4 ,petie ,mulleyn 7whiche we call
 ,cowslippe  and ,primerose7 is of two  
sortes4 ,the smaller sorte1 which we    
call  ,primerose1 ,herbasculum minus1 is
 of diuers kindes1 as yellow and        
greene1 single and dubble4--,lyte's     

,dodoens1 p4 #abb4    ,lupton 7,book of 
,notable ,things1 v4 #hi7 speaks of     
,primroses1 which some  take to be      
,daisies4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1  
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#baf ,rosemary1 ,lat4    
rosmarinus1 sea-spray1 from its usually 
growing on the sea-coast and its odour1 
is recommended by ,lyte for  fastening  
loose teeth4 ,take of rewe a grete      
quantite1 and sawge halfe  als mekille1 
and rosemaryne the same                 
quantitee4--,,ms4 ,linc4 ,med4 f4  #bhc4
 ,according to ,andrew ,boorde it is a  
remedy for palses and for the  fallynge 
syckenes1 and for the cowghe1 and good  
agaynst colde4    ,e#bag ,safron1 ,sp4  
azafran1 from ,arabic al zahafaran4 ,on 
the  cultivation1 etc41 of ,saffron in  
,england1 there is a long account in    
,harrison's ,description of ,england1   
book iii4 cap4 #bd4 ,see note ,e#ced4   
,e#bah ,spinage4 ,called in ,arabic     
,hispanach2 ',arabic factionis          
principes ,hispanach1 hoc est1          
,hispanicum olus nominant4'--,fuchs1    

,hist4 ,stirp4 p4 #ffh4 ,dodoens 7bk4 v4
 #a4 #e7 tells us1 ',spinachiam  nostra 
tas appellat1 nonnulli spinacheum olus4 
,ab ,arabibus et  ,serapione ,hispanac  
dicitur4' ,brunfelsius 7ed4 #aeca7 says 
expressly  at p4 #af1 ',qu vulgo        
spinachia hodie1 ,atriplex ,hispaniensis
 dicta  est quondam2 eo quod ab         
,hispania primum allata est ad alias    
exteras  nationes4' ,tragus also calls  
it ,olus ,hispanicum2 ,cotgrave1 ,herbe 
d',espaigne2 and the modern ,greeks     
,greek3 spanachion4--,dr4  ,r4 ,a4      
,prior4    ,e#bai ,lyte1 p4 #fdb1 says3 
,cyues or ,rushe onions3 this kinde of  
,leekes is called in ,english ,cyues1   
and of ,turner in ,latine1 ,cepa        
pallacana1 and in ,greke ,gethyun1 which
 he ,englisheth by al these  names1 a   
,cyue1 a ,civet1 a ,chyue1 or ,sweth4   
,e#bbj ,tanzie1 ,fr4 athanasie1         
contracted to tanace and  tanaisie4     
,lyte says1 p4 #ah1 that it was sold in 
the shops under the  name of ,athanasia1
 the ,greek word for immortality1 and   

that it was so  called1 quod non cito   
flos inarexat4 ,a cake used to be made  
in which  tansy was one of the          
ingredients1 and which was called       
,tansay-,cake4 ,the  following recipe   
for it is given in ,,ms4 ,sloane #aihf1 
f4 #ajj3    ,breke egges in bassyn1 and 
swynge hem sone1  ,do powder of peper   
therto anone1  ,then grynde tansay1 tho 
juse owte wrynge1  ,to blynde with tho  
egges1 withowte lesynge4  ,in pan or    
skelet thou shalt hit frye1  ,in buttur 
well skymm et wyturly1  ,or white grece 
thou may take therto1  ,geder hit on    
acake1 thenne hase thou do1  ,with      
platere of tre1 and frye hit browne1    
,on brodeleches serve hit thou schalle1 
,with fraunche-mele99 or other metis    
withalle4    99 ,a dish composed chiefly
 of eggs and sheeps' fat4    ,in        
,halliwell's ,dict4 is also given a     
recipe for a dish called  ,tansie4      
,cogan1 in his ,haven of ,health1 p4    
#fe1 says3 ,it is much vsed  among vs in
 ,england about ,easter1 with fried egs1

 not without good  cause1 to purge away 
the fleame engendred of fish in ,lent   
season1  whereof wormes are soone bred  
in them that be thereto disposed1 though
  the common people vnderstand not the  
cause1 why ,tansies are more vsed  after
 ,lent1 than at any other time of the   
yeare4 ,to prevent being  ,bug-bitten4  
,put a sprig or two of ,tansy at the bed
 head1 or as near  the pillow as the    
smell may be agreeable4--,t4 ,cosnett's 
,footman's  ,directory1 p4 #bib4 ,for to
 dystroy a ,wrang ,nayle1 othewyse      
callyd a  ,corne4 ,take wylde tansey1   
and grynde yt1 and make yt neshe1 and   
ley  it therto1 and it wyl bryng yt     
owght4--,lambeth ,,ms4 #cjf1 f4 #fe1    
quoted  in ,political1 ,relig4 and ,love
 ,poems 7,e4 ,e4 ,text ,soc4 ed4        
,furnivall71 p4  #cf4    ,the wild      
tansey is not ,tusser's plant4--,note by
 ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1 ,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bba 
,blessed ,thistle4 ,so worthily named   
for the singular vertues  that it       
hath4444 ,it sharpneth the wit and      

memorie1 strengthneth all the           
principall parts of the bodie1 quickneth
 all the senses1 comforteth  the        
stomacke1 procureth appetite1 and hath a
 speciall vertue against  poyson1 and   
preserueth from the ,pestilence1 and is 
excellent good  against any kinde of    
,feuer1 being vsed in this manner3 ,take
 a dramme  of the powder1 put it into a 
good draught of ale or wine1 warme it   
and  drink it a quarter of an hour      
before the fit doth come1 then goe to   
bed1 couer you well with clothes and    
procure sweate1 which by the force  of  
the herbe will easily come foorth1 and  
so continue vntill the fit be  past4444 
,for which notable effects this herbe   
may worthily be called  ,benedictus or  
,omnimorbia1 that is a salue for euery  
sore1 not  knowen to ,physitians of old 
time1 but lately reuealed by the        
speciall  providence of ,almighty       
,god4--,cogan's ,haven of ,health1 p4   
#ede4    ,e#bbb ,purslane1 in ,turner's 
,herball ,purcellaine1 in the ,grete    

,herball ,porcelayne1 in ,dodoens       
,purcelayne4 ,it is good against ,st4   
,antonies fier1 called                  
erysipelas4--,lyte's ,dodoens1 p4 #egf4 
,purslain  in ,latin is called          
,portulaca1 a portula  a little gate1   
because they  fancied it to be like     
one4--,lemery's ,treatise on ,foods1    
#agjd1 p4 #ib4    ,e#bbc ,rampions1 ,fr4
 raiponce1 a word mistaken as in the    
case  of cerise and pease1 for a plural1
 and the m inserted for  euphony4--,dr4 
,prior1 ,popular ,names of ,british     
,plants4    ,e#bbd ,men say that who so 
taketh the seede of ,rockat before he be
  beaten or whipt1 shalbe so hardened   
that he shall easily endure the  payne1 
according as ,plinie writeth4--,lyte's  
,dodoens1 p4 #fbb4 ,what a  pity ,tusser
 did not know of this property of the   
,rocket6 from his own  account he had   
plenty of opportunities of testing it at
 ,eton4    ,e#bbe ,sage causeth wemen to
 be fertill1 wherefore in times past the
  people of ,egypt1 after a great       

mortalite and pestilence1 constreyned   
their wemen to drinke the iuyce therof1 
to cause them the sooner to  conceyue1  
and to bring foorth store of            
children4--,lyte's ,dodoens1 p4  #beb4  
,e#bbf ,sea holie4 ,eryngium maritimum1 
,linn4 ,the leaves are good  to be eaten
 in sallads4--,langham's ,garden of     
,health4 ,the young and  tender shoots  
are eaten of divers either raw or       
pickled4--,parkinson1  ,theatrum        
,botanicum1 #afdj1 p4 #ihh4--,note by   
,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1 ,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bbg  
,sampere is a weede growing neare the   
sea-side1 and is very  plentifull about 
the ,ile of ,man1 from whence it is     
brought to diuers  parts of ,england1   
preserved in ,brine1 and is no lesse    
wholesome than  ,capers4--,cogan's      
,haven of ,health1 p4 #fd4 ,the ,eng4   
,samphire is a  corruption of the ,fr4  
,herbe de ,saint ,pierre1 from its      
growing on the  rocks on the sea-shore4 
,the leaves are used in the form of a   
pickle as  an article of diet4    ,e#bbh

 ,the ,ionians had so much ,veneration  
for them that they swore  by ,cabbages1 
and were therein as superstitious as the
 ,egyptians1  who gave divine ,honours  
to ,leeks and ,onions1 for the great    
,benefits  which they said they received
 from them4--,lemery's ,treatise on     
,foods1 #agjd1 p4 #gc4    ,e#bbi        
,citrons1 according to ,lyte1 p4 #gjd1  
will cure tremblynge  of the hart and   
pensiue heavinesse1 wamblynges1         
vomitinges1 and  lothsomnesse of the    
stomache4 ,the citron was probably      
introduced into  ,europe with the orange
 by the ,arab conquerors of ,spain1 and 
first  received in ,england from that   
country4 ,by a ,,ms4 in the ,tower it   
appears  that in #abij1 #ah ,edw4 ,i41 a
 large ,spanish ship came to            
,portsmouth1  and that from her cargo   
,queen ,eleanor purchased ,seville figs1
 dates1  pomegranates1 #ae ,citrons1 and
 #g poma de orenge4--,way in ,prompt4   
,parv4    ,e#bcj ,the garden ,basill is 
called in ,english ,basill ,royall or   

,basill gentle1 and the smaller kinde is
 called ,bushse 7sic7  ,basill4 ,the    
herbe brused with vineger and holden to 
the nose of  suche as are faynt and     
fallen into a sound bringeth them againe
 to  themselues1 and the seede therof   
giuen to be smelled upon causeth the    
sternutation or niesing4--,lyte's       
,dodoens1 p4 #bda4 ,one thing ,i read in
  ,hollerius 7,lib4 i4 cap4 i47 of      
,basill1 which is wonderfull4 ',a       
certaine  ,italian1 by often smelling to
 ,basill1 had a scorpion bred in his    
braine1 and after vehement and long     
paines he died thereof4'--,cogan's      
,haven of ,health1 p4 #ej4 ,see also    
#ea4 #cd4    ,e#bca ,costmary1 ,l4      
,costus amarus1 ,fr4 coste amere1       
misunderstood  as ,costus ,mari1 an     
error that has very naturally arisen    
from this  plant having been dedicated  
to ,st4 ,mary ,magdalene1 and called    
after  her1 ,maudlin1 either in allusion
 to her box of scented ointment1 or  to 
its use in the uterine affections over  

which she presided4 ,in old  authors it 
occurs as ,herba sanct or div           
,mari4--,dr4 ,r4 ,prior1  ,popular      
,names of ,brit4 ,plants4 ,called also  
,alecost from its having  formerly been 
esteemed an agreeable aromatic bitter1  
and much used for  flavouring ale3 ,if  
you list to make a pleasant drinke1 and 
comfortable  to the stomache1 put       
certaine handfuls of this herbe in the  
bottome of  a vesselle1 and tunne up new
 ,ale vpon it4--,cogan1 ,haven of       
,health1 ch4  #fi4    ,e#bcb ,paggles1  
spelt also ,paigle1 ,pagle1 ,pagel1     
,peagle1 ,pegyll and  ,pygil1 a name now
 confined to the ,eastern ,counties1 and
 generally  assigned to the ,cowslip1   
but by ,ray and ,moor to the ,ranunculus
  bulbosus4 ,the derivation is          
uncertain4 ,blake 7yellow7 as a         
paigle4--,ray4 ,in ,suffolk the name is 
applied to the ,crowfoot1 the           
,cuckoo-flower4    ,e#bcc ,our common   
germander or thistle benet is found and 
knowne to  bee so wholesome and of so   

great power in medicine1 as anie other  
hearbe1 if they be vsed                 
accordinglie4--,harrison1 ,descript4 of 
,eng41  ed4 ,furnivall1 pt4 i4 p4 #cbf4 
,the iuyce of the leaues mengled with   
oyle1 and straked vpon the eyes1 driueth
 away the white cloude1  called the     
,hawe or ,pearle in the eye1 and all    
manner dimness of the  same4--,lyte's   
,dodoens1 p4 #be4    ,e#bcd ,that which 
is commonly called ,sothernewood is the 
male kinde  of this herbe1 and that     
which we doe call ,lauender-cotten is   
the  female1 named in ,latine ,cypressus
 or ,santolina4 ,the setting of         
,lauender-cotten within the house in    
floure pots must needes be very         
wholesome1 for it driveth away venemous 
wormes1 both by strawing1 and  by the   
sauour of it1 and being drunke in wine  
it is a remedie against                 
poyson4--,cogan's ,haven of ,health1 p4 
#ef4    ,e#bce ,mawdelin1 spelt also    
,maudlin1 ,mawdeleyn and ,maudeline1    
appears to have derived its name        

similarly to ,costmary1 q4v41 and to    
have been applied to the same uses4     
,e#bcf ,baies1 ,bays1 from ,french baie1
 which is formed from  ,lat4 bacca  a   
berry4 ,in old writers bay is used for a
 berry  generally1 as the bayes of      
ivyne1 but in time the term came to be  
applied to the berries of the sweet bay1
 called by ,virgil lauri  baccas1 from  
their being an article of commerce2 from
 the berry the  term was extended to the
 tree itself4    ,e#bcg ,bachelor's     
,buttons4 ,so called1 according to      
,johnson's ,gerarde1  p4 #dgb1 from     
their similitude to the jagged cloathe  
buttons anciently  worne in this        
kingdom1 but according to others from a 
habit of  country fellows to carry them 
in their pockets to divine their success
  with their sweethearts4 ,called by    
,lyte 7,dodoens1 p4 #dba71 ,goldcup  or 
,gold knoppe1 and described as a double 
variety of the flower now  known so well
 as the ,butterflower1 or ,buttercup1   
the ,fr4 bouton d'or4    ,e#bch         

,columbine1 called ,colourbine in       
,lincoln1 ,aquilegia vulgaris1  used for
 making stuffed chine4    ,there are    
many sorts of ,colombines1 as well      
differing in forme as  colour of the    
flowers1 and of them both single and    
double carefully  noursed up in our     
gardens1 for the delight both of their  
forme and  colours4--,parkinson1        
,paradisus1 #afbi1 p4 #bga4--,note by   
,mr4 ,j4  ,britten1 ,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bci 
,daffadowndilly1 ,daffodilly1           
,affodilly1 and ,daffodil1 ,lat4        
asphodelus1 from which was formed       
,affodilly1 the name of it in all  the  
older writers1 but subsequently confused
 with that of another  flower1 the      
so-called sapharoun or saffron lily3    
',the thyrde lylye yt there ys1  ,that  
ys called felde lylye1 y wys1  ,hys     
levys be lyke to sapharoun1  ,men know  
yt therby many one4'    --,,ms4 ,sloane1
 #aega4    ,with the taste for          
alliteration that is shown in popular   
names1 the  ,sapharoun-lily1 upon       

blending with affodilly1 became1 by a   
sort  of mutual compromise1             
daffadowndilly1 whence our daffodilly   
and  daffodil4--,dr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,prior1    
,popular ,names of ,british ,plants4    
,strew  me the ground with              
daffadowndillies4--,spenser1 ,shep4     
,cal4 #adj4    ,e#bdj ,eglantine1 a word
 of doubtful origin4 ,chaucer writes it 
eglatere and eglentere4 ,fr4 aiglantier1
 ,prov4 aiglentina  wild  rose4 ,diez   
derives it from ,lat4 aculeus  a        
prickle1 through the adj4  aculentus4   
,e#bda ,feverfew 7,pyrethrum            
parthenium71 a genus of ,composite      
plants1 common in our gardens1 and      
deriving its name from having long  been
 employed as a popular remedy in ague   
and other fevers1 and as an             
emmenagogue4 ,it appears to possess     
stimulant and tonic properties4 ,it  is 
a perennial plant1 and may attain a     
height of one or two feet4 ,its  leaves 
are flat and broad1 its flowers small4  
,it is nearly allied to  ,camomile4 ,the

 variety grown in gardens is well known 
under the name of  golden feather4      
,e#bdb ,flower armor1 evidently the     
,floramor1 ,fr4 fleur d'amour1  from a  
misconception of its ,latin name        
,amaranthus1 as though a  compound of   
,amor1 love1 and anthus1 a flower4      
,e#bdc ,flower de luce1 the flos        
deliciarum of the ,middle ,ages4        
,ducange1 quoting from the history of   
the ,harcourts1 says3--,thomas1  ,dux   
,exoni habet comitatum de ,harcourt 444 
per homagium ac reddendum  florem       
deliciarum apud ,castrum de ,rouen1 etc4
 7,a4,d4 #adbc74  ,another derivation is
 as follows3--,louis ,,vii4 dit le      
,jeune1 prit le  premier des fleurs de  
lis1 par allusion  son nom de ,loys     
7comme  on l'crivait alors74 ,on a dit  
dans ce temps-l ,fleur de ,loys1  puis  
,fleur de ,louis1 enfin1 ,fleur de ,lis4
 7,grandmaison1 ,dict4  ,heraldique47   
,the flower that he chose seems to have 
been a white one1  for ,chaucer says3   
,his nekke was white as is the flour de 

lis4    ,in ,e4 ,k4's ,glossary to      
,spenser's ,shep4 ,cal4 ,april1 we read 
,flower  delice1 that which they use to 
misterme ,flowre deluce being in the    
,latine called ,flos delitiarum4        
,e#bdd ,according to ,lyte the ,flower  
,gentle is identical with the  ,floramor
 7see above74 ,various species of       
,amaranthus1 including the  ,flower amor
 7#dc4 #aj71 and what we now call       
,celosia cristata1 or  ,cockscomb1 were 
included under this name4 ,parkinson    
7,paradisus1 p4 #cgj7  says3 ,we have   
foure or five sorts of ,flower-gentle to
 trimme up this  our ,garden            
withall4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1   
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bde ,gilliflower1       
formerly spelt gyllofer and gilofre with
 the  o long1 from ,fr4 girofle1 ltal4  
garofalo1 in ,douglas's ,virgil         
jereflouris1 words formed from ,m4 ,lat4
 garoffolum1 gariofilum1 or1  as in     
,albert ,magn4 7lib4 vi4 cap4 #bb71     
gariofilus1 corrupted from  ,lat4       
caryophyllum  a clove1 and referring to 

the spicy odour of the  flower1 which   
seems to have been used in flavouring   
wines to replace  the more costly clove 
of ,india4 ,the name was originally     
given in ,india  to plants of the ,pink 
tribe1 especially the carnation1 but has
 in  ,england been transferred of late  
years to several ,cruciferous plants4   
,that of ,chaucer1 ,spenser1 and        
,shakspere was1 as in ,italy1 ,dianthus 
caryophyllus1 ,linn41 that of later     
writers and gardeners ,matthiola  and   
,cheiranthus1 ,linn4 ,much of the       
confusion in the names of plants  has   
arisen from the vague use of the ,french
 terms ,girofle1 ,oeillet1  and         
,violette1 which were1 all three of     
them1 applied to flowers of  the ,pink  
tribe1 but subsequently extended1 and   
finally restricted in  ,english to very 
different plants4 ,girofle has become   
,gilliflower1  and passed over to the   
,crucifer1 ,oeillet has been restricted 
to  the ,sweet ,williams1 and ,violette 
has been appropriated to one  of the    

numerous claimants of its name1 the     
genus to which the pansy  belongs4--,dr4
 ,r4 ,a4 ,prior4    ,e#bdf ,holiokes1 in
 ,huloet's ,dict4 ,holy ,hoke4 ,wedgwood
 7,etym4 ,dict47  derives it from ,a4,s4
 hoc1 ,welsh hocys  a mallow1 and says  
that it  obtained the title of ,holy    
from its being brought from the ,holy   
,land1  where it is indigenous4         
,e#bdg ,indian ,eie4 ,this was probably 
a ,dianthus of some kind  7,french      
illet71 the same perhaps which is now   
grown in our gardens  as ,indian or     
,chinese ,pink4    ,e#bdh ,laus tibi1 a 
narcissus with white flowers4 ,it       
groweth  plenteously in my ,lorde's     
garden in ,syon and it is called of     
divers  ,white ,laus tibi4--,turner's   
,herball1 pt4 ii4 b4 #b4 ,it is very    
difficult to ascertain what plant was   
meant by this name1 which is  also      
mentioned by ,turner in his ',names of  
,herbes' 7#aedh71 and in his            
',libellus' 7#aech71 where there is a   
long disquisition concerning it4 ,it    

may be ,narcissus poeticus1 ,l41 as ,mr4
 ,b4 ,d4 ,jackson supposes in his       
reprint of the ',libellus' or possibly  
,n4 biflorus1 ,l4--,note by ,mr4  ,j4   
,britten1 ,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bdi ,lillium  
cum vallium1 the ,lily of the ,valley1  
in ,lyte  ,lyllie ,conuall1 and also    
termed ,may ,blossoms1 ,may ,lyllies1   
and  ,lyryconfancy4    ,e#bej ,nigella  
,romana4 ,the ,nigella ,damascena1      
,linn41 a favourite  old-fashioned      
garden annual1 still to be met with in  
gardens under the  names of             
,love-in-a-mist1 or ,devil-in-a-bush4   
,e#bea ,pansy1 or ,paunce1 ,fr4 pense1  
thought4 ,according to ,dr4  ,johnson   
the name is derived from ,lat4 panacea1 
but there is no  evidence of the plant  
ever having been so called1 or having   
been  regarded as a panacea4 ,it has    
received more popular names perhaps     
than any other plant1 both in our own   
and in foreign languages4 ,the          
following are some of the quaint titles 
given to it3 ,cull me to you1  or       

,cuddle me to you1 ,love and ,idle1     
,live in ,idleness1 ,love in  ,idleness 
7originally ,love in idle1 i4e4 in      
vain72 ,love in idle  ,pances1 ,tittle  
my fancy1 ,kiss me1 ere ,i rise1 ,jump  
up and kiss  me1 ,kiss me at the garden 
gate1 ,pink of my ,john1 ,herb ,trinity1
  and ,three faces under one hood1 from 
the three colours combined in  one      
flower4 ,it was also called             
,hearts-ease1 and ,flame flower 7,m4    
,lat4 ,viola flammea74    ,heartsease1 a
 term meaning a cordial1 as in ,sir ,w4 
,scott's  ,antiquary1 ch4 xi41 ,buy a   
dram to be eilding and claise1 and a    
supper  and hearts-ease into the        
bargain1 given to certain plants        
supposed  to be cardiac3 at present     
applied to the pansy alone1 but by      
,lyte1  ,bulleyn1 and ,w4 ,turner1 to   
the ,wallflower equally4--,dr4 ,r4 ,a4  
,prior's  ,popular ,names of ,british   
,plants1 which see for an account of the
 origin  of the name4    ,e#beb         
,sops-in-,wine1 the ,clove ,gilliflower1

 ,dianthus caryophyllus1  ,l41 so called
 from the flowers being used to flavour 
wine or ale4 ,cf4  ,chaucer's ,rime of  
,sir ,thopas1 ,b4 #aiej3    ,ther       
springen herbes grete and smale1  ,the  
lycorys and cetewale1  ,and many a clowe
 gilofre1  ,and notemuge to putte in    
ale1  ,whether it be moyste or stale4   
,bring ,coronations and ,sops in wine   
worne of ,paramoures4    ---,spenser1   
,shep4 ,cal4 ,april4    ,garlands of    
,roses and ,sopps in ,wine4--,ibid4     
,may4 ,e4 ,k41 in his  ,glossary1 says3 
,sops in ,wine1 a flowre in colour much 
like a  coronation 7carnation71 but     
differing in smel and quantitye4        
,e#bec ,sweete ,williams1from ,fr4      
illet1 ,lat4 ocellus1 a  little eye1    
corrupted to ,willy1 and thence to      
,william1 in  reference1 perhaps1 to a  
popular ballad1 ',fair ,margaret and    
,sweet  ,william1' printed in ,ritson's 
,early ,songs and ,ballads1 ed4         
,hazlitt1  #ahgg a name assigned by ,w4 
,bulleyn 7f4 #dh7 to the ,wallflower1   

but by  later herbalists and modern     
gardeners1 as here1 to a species of     
pink1  ,dianthus barbatus1 ,linn4       
,according to an article in the         
,quarterly  ,review 7,no4 #bbg71 it     
formerly bore the name of ',sweet ,saint
 ,william'2  but the writer gives no    
reference1 and probably had no authority
 for  saying so4--,dr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,prior1  
pp4 #bbh and #bej4    ,e#bed ,sweete    
,johns4 ,apparently a variety of ,sweet 
,william4 ,see  ,parkinson's ,paradisus1
 pp4 #cai1 #cba1 for descriptions and   
figures3  ,the chiefe differences       
betweene them are1 that ,sweet ,williams
 have  broader1 and darker greene       
leaues1 somewhat brownish1 especially   
towards the points1 and that the flowers
 stand thicker and closer1  and more in 
number together1 in the head or         
tuft4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4  ,britten11    
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bee ,star of ,jerusalem4
 ,this is usually ,tragopogon pratensis1
  ,l41 as in ,gerard1 p4 #gcf1 but some 
other plant is likely to be meant       

here4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1      
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bef ,tuft gilleflowers4 
,probably some low-growing ,dianthus1   
such as that figured as ,matted ,pinkes 
by ,parkinson 7,paradisus1 p4           
#cae74--,note by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1     
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#beg ,veluet flowers1    
according to ,dr4 ,prior1 the           
love-lies-bleeding1 ,amaranthus         
caudatus1 ,linn41 from its crimson      
velvety tassels2 according to ,lyte1 the
 same as the ,flower ,gentle1 or        
,floramor1 ,fr4 passevelours1 ,a4       
tricolor1 ,linn4    ,e#beh ,eyebright4  
,divers ,authours write that            
goldfinches1 linnets1  and some other   
,birds make use of this ,herb for the   
repairing of their  own and their young 
ones sight4--,coles1 ,adam in ,eden1    
#afeg1 p4 #df4  ,it is the ,euphrasy of 
,milton1 ,p4 ,l4 xi4 #dad4 ,a similar   
story is told  of the ,hawk-weed4 ,see  
,pliny 7lib4 xx4 c4 #g74    ,e#bei      
,fumetorie1 ,fr4 fume terre1 ,lat4 fumus
 terr1 earth-smoke1  it being believed  

to be produced without seed from vapours
 arising  from the earth1 as stated by  
,platearius3 ,dicitur fumus terr1 quod  
generatur a quadam fumositate gross1 a  
terr resolut1 et circa  superficiem terr
 adherente4 ,pliny 7lib4 xxv4 c4 #ac7   
says that it  takes its name from       
causing the eyes to water when applied  
to them1 as  smoke does2                
,take youre laxatives  ,of lauriol1     
centaure1 and fumytere4    --,chaucer1  
,nonnes ,prestes ,tale1 #adc4    ,see   
,burton's ,anat4 of ,melancholy1 pp4    
#dcb-c and #dch1 ed4 #ahde4    ,e#bfj   
,woodrofe1 spelt according to an old    
distich thus3    ,double ,u1 double ,o1 
double ,d1 ,e1  ,r1 ,o1 double ,u1      
double ,f1 ,e4    ,it derives its name  
originally from the ,fr4 roue  a wheel1 
dimin4  rouelle1 the leaves being set on
 the stems so as to resemble the  large 
rowels of ancient spurs4    ,e#bfa      
,archangel4 ,this is ,archangelica      
officinalis1 the stalks of  which were  
formerly blanched and eaten as          

,celeri4444 ,the gardeners  near        
,london1 who have ditches of water      
running through their gardens1          
propagate great quantities of this      
plant1 for which they have a  great     
demand from the confectioners1 who make 
a sweetmeat with the  tender stalks of  
it cut in ,may4--,martyn's ed4 of       
,miller's ,gardener's  ,dictionary4 ,it 
is still sometimes grown in gardens for 
use in the  above-mentioned manner4     
,according to ,cogan 7,haven of ,health1
 p4 #ga71 it  will cure the bite of a   
mad dog4    ,e#bfb ,according to ,cogan 
,cummin was extensively used for washing
  the face1 it having the effect1 if not
 used too often1 of making the          
complexion clear2 if used to excess1 it 
caused paleness4 ,he continues1  ,in    
,matthiolus 7lib4 #c1 cap4 #fj7 ,i reade
 a practise to be wrought with  ,cummine
 seedes1 and 7as ,i thinke7 hath been   
vsed in time past of  ,monkes and       
,friers4 ,they that counterfait         
holinesse and leannesse of  bodie1 doe  

often vse ,cummine seedes in their      
meates1 and be perfumed                 
therewith4--,haven of ,health1 p4 #dg4  
,e#bfc ,detanie4 ,dittany 7,origanum    
onites1 ,linn47 was commonly  cultivated
 in gardens at this period4 ,gerard1 p4 
#gie1 says it is a hot  and sharpe      
hearbe1 and speaks of it as biting the  
tongue4    ,e#bfd ,gromell1 ,grummel1 or
 ,gray myle1 as ,turner says it should  
be  written1 from granum solis and      
milium solis together4 ,that is al  one1
 says the ,grete ,herbal1 granum solis  
and milium solis4 ,the  common gromwell 
or gray millet1 ,lithospermum           
officinale1 ,linn41  was formerly       
esteemed as a remedy for the stone and  
other diseases4  ,in a treatise on the  
virtues of plants1 written in the #aeth 
century1  ,roy4 ,,ms4 #ah ,a4 vi4 f4    
#gff1 the following description is      
given3 ,granum  solis ys an herbe at me 
clepy gromel1 or lyewale3 thys herbe ha 
leuys at be euelong1 and a lytyl white  
flour1 and he ha whyte seede  ischape as

 a ston that me clepy margery perl4     
,cotgrave gives ,gremil1  grenil1 the   
hearb gromill1 grummell1 or graymill1   
peare-plant1  lichewall4 ,the word is   
derived by ,skinner a granis sc4        
lapideis1 qu  pro seminibus habet1 q4d4 
granile4--,way1 in ,prompt4 ,parv4      
,grumelle1  milium1 gramen              
solis4--,catholicon ,anglicum4    ,e#bfe
 ,louage1 spelt in ,prompt4 ,parv4 and  
in ,holland's ,trans4 of  ,pliny1       
love-ache1 as though it were            
love-parsley4 ,french levesche1  ,a4,s4 
lufestice1 ,levisticum officinale1      
,koch4    ,e#bff ,mandrake4 ,matthioli  
7lib4 iv4 c4 #fa7 tells us that ,italian
  ladies in his own time had been known 
to pay as much as #be and #cj  ducats   
for one of the artificial mandrakes     
7common white bryony7 of  itinerant     
quacks1 and describes the process of    
their manufacture4  ,they were supposed 
to remove sterility2 hence ,rachel's    
anxiety to  obtain them 7,genesis xxx4  
#ad74 ,there were numerous other        

superstitions  regarding this plant2    
amongst others it was said to shriek    
when torn  up4 ,see ,gerard's ,herbal1  
#aeig1 p4 #bhj1 and ,peacock's ,glossary
 of  ,manley1 etc41 ,e4 ,d4 ,soc4       
,lupton 7,book of ,notable ,things1 iii4
 #ci7 gives  instructions for the       
manufacture of ,mandrakes from bryony   
roots4 ,the  true ,mandrake is ,atropa  
,mandragora1 ,linn4    ,e#bfg ,mogwort4 
,mugwort1 a name that corresponds in    
meaning with its  synonym wyrmwyrt1     
wormwood1 from ,o4,e4 mough1 moghe1 or  
moughte1 a  maggot or moth4    ',and    
wormes and moghes on e same manere  ,sal
 at day be in wittenes broght2'         
--,hampole1 ,pricke of ,conscience1 l4  
#eegb2    and ,wycliffe 7,matt4 vi4     
#bj73    ',where neer ruste ne moughte  
destruye4'    ,the name was given to    
this plant from its having been         
recommended by  ,dioscorides to ward off
 the attacks of these insects4          
',mogwort1 al on  as seyn some1         
modirwort3 lewed folk at in manye wordes

 conne no rygt  sownynge1 but ofte      
shortyn wordys1 and changyn lettrys and 
silablys1  ey corruptyn e o into u1 and 
d into g1 and syncopyn i1  smytyn awey i
 and r1 and seyn mugwort4'--,,ms4       
,arundel1 #db1 f4 #ce4 ,it  is          
unnecessary to have recourse to this    
singular process4 ,the plant was  known 
both as a moth-wort and as a            
mother-wort1 but while it was  used     
almost exclusively as a mother-wort1 it 
still retained1 at the  same time1 the  
name of mugwort1 a synonym of moth-wort4
 ,in lfric's  glossary it is called     
matrum herba--,dr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,prior4 ,see 
,brand's ,pop4  ,antiq4 for an account  
of the superstitious custom of seeking  
under the  root of this plant on        
,midsummer-eve for a coal1 to serve as a
 talisman  against many disasters4      
,e#bfh ,rew4 ,shakspere1 ,hamlet1 iv4   
#e4 #aha3 ,there's rue for you2 and     
here's some for me3 we may call it      
herb-grace o' ,sundays4 ,and ,winter's  
,tale1 iv4 #d4 #gd3    ,for you there's 

rosemary and rue2 these keep  ,seeming  
and savour all the winter long3  ,grace 
and remembrance be to you both4    ,some
 suppose it to have been called herb of 
grace on account of the  many excellent 
properties it was held to possess1 being
 a specific  against poison1 the bites  
of venomous creatures1 etc42 but        
probably it  was so called because rue  
means repent4 ,cf4 also ,richard ,,ii4  
,act  iii4 sc4 #d4 #aje3                
,here in this place  ,i'll set a bank of
 rue1 sour herb of grace4    ,e#bfi     
,bots4 ,pease an beanes are as danke    
here as a dog1 and this is  the next way
 to give poor jades the                 
bottes4--,shakspere ,king ,henry  ,,iv4 
,act ii4 sc4 #a4 ,begnawne with         
bots4--,taming of ,shrew1 ,act iii4  sc4
 #b4    ,sauin4 ,it is often put into   
horses' drenches1 to helpe to cure them 
of the bots1 and other                  
diseases4--,parkinson1 ,paradisus1 p4   
#fjg4    ,e#bgj ,stitchwort1 spelt      
,stich-wurt in ,mayer and ,wright1 ,nat4

  ,antiquities1 #aheg1 and given from a 
thirteenth century ,,ms4 as the         
translation of ,valeriane4 ,supposed to 
possess the power of curing  a pain or  
stitch in the sides4--,see ,gerard's    
,herbal1 #aeig1 p4 #dc4  ,stellaria     
,holostea1 ,linn4    ,e#bga ,woodbine1  
not a bine that grows in woods1 but a   
creeper  that binds or entwines trees1  
the honeysuckle4 ,a4,s4 wudu-winde and  
wudu-bind1 from wudu  a tree1 and       
windan1 bindan  to entwine4  ,in        
,shakspere 7,mids4 ,night ,dr4 ,act iv4 
sc4 #a7 it seems to mean the            
bittersweet3    ,so doth the woodbine   
the sweet honeysuckle  ,gently entwist4 
,e#bgb ,gregorie4 ,this day 7#abth      
,march7 seems to have been much used  as
 a date for agricultural observances3   
cf4 #cg4 #c4 ,in connexion with  this it
 is worth while to note the ,suabian    
saying1 ',se ,erbsen ,gregori'  7sow    
cabbage on ,st4 ,gregory's ,day74 ,see  
,swainson's ,weather ,folklore1 p4      
#afh4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1      

,f4,l4,s4    ,e#bgc ,mastiues and       
,mungrels4 ,although the influence of a 
very  patriotic sumptuary tax has       
diminished the number of dogs1 we have  
still 'thousands too manie4' ,this may  
with truth be said even still4          
,however1 as ,lent now makes little     
difference in the mode of living1  which
 it certainly did in the earlier period 
of the ,reformation1 our  dogs are not  
driven by our meagre fare to prey on the
 lambs2 and  therefore need not be      
particularly watched on this            
account4--,m4 ,mastif  is derived from  
,o4 ,fr4 mestif  a mongrel 7,cotgrave74 
,in the ,craven  dialect a great dog is 
still called a masty4 ,see note ,e#ce4  
,e#bgd ,by hooke or by crooke occurs in 
,spenser1 ,faery ,queene1 ,bk4 v4       
,canto #b1 stanza #bg2 also in          
,heywood's ,works1 #aefb1 reprint #ahfg1
 p4 #ce4    ,e#bge ,no trees appear     
preferable to willows for fencing hop   
grounds2  and none are said to be worse 
than elms1 as they attract mildews4--,m4

    ,e#bgf ,what better to skilfull1    
etc41 that is1 what can be more         
profitable to the experienced farmer    
than to know when to be bold1 that  is1 
to venture the early sowing of barley8  
,e#bgg ,the ,mayweed 7,anthemis cotula7 
is common in corn-fields and  hedgerows4
 ,may-weed or stinking camomile4--,t4,r4
 ,resembling cammomil  but of a stinking
 savour and odious to bees4 ,coles'     
,dict4 #afgf4    ,e#bgh ,cockle or      
,cokyl was used by ,wycliffe and other  
old writers in  the sense of a weed     
generally1 but in later works has been  
confined to  the gith or corn-pink4     
,e#bgi ,our author's meaning is1 sow    
barley1 oats and pease above  furrows   
and harrow them in2 while rye is best   
ploughed in with a  shallow furrow4     
,e#bhj ,without cost1 that is1 on which 
no expense has been incurred4    ,e#bha 
,watering is necessary in dry seasons   
for what is fresh set or  planted1 but  
not for what is newly sown4    ,e#bhb   
,it is to be lamented1 both on account  

of the health and the  finances of the  
poor1 that they are so much attached1   
either to solid  food1 or to watery     
infusions of tea4 ,herbs1 pulse and     
roots might often  supersede more       
expensive articles of diet4 ,spoonmeat1 
in this part of  the island at least1 is
 in no high request at this period1     
though it  appears to have been         
indispensable formerly4--,m4    ,e#bhc  
,there remaineth yet a third kinde of   
meats1 which is neither  fish nor flesh1
 commonly called white meats1 as egges1 
milk1 butter1  cheese1 which            
notwithstanding proceede and come of    
flesh1 as egges from  the henne1 and    
milk from the cowe4 ,yet because they   
are not plainely  flesh1 they are       
permitted to be eaten upon the fish     
daies4--,cogan's  ,haven of ,health1 ed4
 #afab1 p4 #adi4    ,but how soeuer this
 case standeth1 white meats1 as milke1  
butter  and cheese1 which were neuer so 
deere as in my time1 and woont to be    
accounted of as one of the chiefe staies

 throughout the ,iland1 are now  reputed
 as foods appertinent onelie to the     
inferiour sort1 whilest such  as are    
more wealthie1 doo feed vpon the flesh  
of all kinds of cattell  accustomed to  
be eaten1 all sorts of fish taken vpon  
our coasts and in  our fresh rivers1 and
 such diuersitie of wild and tame foules
 as are  either bred in our ,iland or   
brought ouer vnto vs from other         
countries  of the maine4--,harrison1    
,descript4 of ,england1 ed4 ,furnivall1 
,part  ,i4 p4 #add4 ,white meats in     
,lincoln now mean the flesh of lamb1    
veal1  rabbits1 chickens1 pheasants1    
etc4    ,e#bhd ,count best the best     
cheape3 ,for it doth the buyer more     
credit  and service4--,ray4 ,we still   
say ,cheap and nasty2 and in the        
,towneley  ,mysteries1 p4 #ajb1 there is
 the same sentiment3    ,men say lyght  
chepe  letherly for yeeldys1            
equivalent to our ,english proverb3     
,light cheap1 litter yield4    ,e#bhe   
,it is always advisable to pay          

carpenters their fair wages1  without   
any allowance of chips1 which is a great
 temptation for them  to waste          
timber4--,m4 ,in hewing timber1 if the  
workman hews square1 the  seller of the 
timber loses all the gain of the ,wane  
edges1 which gain  in short is a cheat1 
although a very customary one4--,t4,r4  
,e#bhf ,within these fortie yeeres we   
shall haue little great timber  growing 
aboue fortie yeeres old2 for it is      
commonlie seene that those  yong        
staddles which we leaue standing at one 
and twentie yeeres  fall1 are vsuallie  
at the next sale cut downe without any  
danger of  the statute1 and serue for   
fire bote1 if it please the owner to    
burne  them4--,harrison1 ,part ,i4 p4   
#cde4 ,there is a ,statute made1 #ce    
,henry  the #h1 and the #a ,eliz4 for   
the presentation of timber trees1 ,oake1
  ,ash1 ,elme1 ,aspe1 and ,beech3 and   
that #ab storers and standils should    
bee left standing at euery fall1 vpon an
 acre4--,norden's ,surveyor's           

,dialogue1 #afjg1 p4 #bac4 ,on the      
decrease in woods1 etc41 in ,england1   
see ,harrison's ,description of ,england
 7,new ,shakspere ,soc4 edit4 ,f4 ,j4   
,furnivall1 ,part ,i4 p4 #cdd7 and      
,norden's ,surveyor's ,dialogue1 #afjg1 
p4  #bad1 in the latter of which one    
cause is stated to be the large number  
of hammers and furnaces for the         
manufacture of iron1 and the quantity   
of charcoal used in the glass-houses2   
there being1 as he says3 now  or lately 
in ,sussex1 neere #adj hammers and      
furnaces for iron1 and in  it1 and      
,surry adjoyning #c1djj glasse houses3  
the hammers and furnaces  spend1 each of
 them1 in every #bd houres #b1 #c or    
foure loades of  charrcoale4--p4 #bae4  
,there is a ,law in ,spaine1 that he    
that cuts down  one ,tree1 shall plant  
three for it4--,a ,treatise of ,fruit   
,trees1 ,r4  ,a4 ,austin1 ,oxford1      
#afeg1 p4 #abh4    ,e#bhg ,leaue oxen   
abrode1 etc4 ,the ,author of ,tusser    
,redivivus is  supported in his reading 

of this line by the edition of #aeig1   
which has  leaue not oxe abrode4 ,the   
sense1 however1 may possibly be1 keep   
oxen at a distance1 for fear of injuring
 the young shoots4 ,springe  or ympe    
that commeth out of the rote4--,huloet's
 ,abcedarium1 #aeeb4  ,keep from biting1
 treading underfoot1 or damage of beasts
 444 whereby  mischief may be done to   
the ,springs1 during the time limited by
 the  statute for such kind of          
wood4--,brumby ,lease1 #agaf1 in        
,peacock's  ,glossary1 ,e4 ,dial4 ,soc4 
,e#bhh ,meet with a bootie1 etc41 that  
is1 as we say1 find something  which was
 never lost4    ,e#bhi ,wanteth  is     
without1 does not keep4    ,e#bij ,waine
 her to mee4 ,perhaps  waggon1 that is1 
drive1 carry her  to me1 but it is a    
forced expression4    ,e#bia ,such      
maister such man4 ,another form of the  
proverb is1 ,trim1  ,tram2 like master1 
like man4 ,tel matre1 tel valet 7,fr474 
,e#bib ,compare with ,tusser's          
description of the faults to be avoided 

in  the making of cheese the following  
extracts on the same subject3    ,now   
what cheese is well made or otherwise   
may partly be perceiued by  this old    
,latine verse3    ,non nix1 non ,argos1 
,methusalem1 ,magdaleneve1  ,esaus1 non 
,lazarus1 caseus ille bonus4    ,that is
 to say1 ,cheese should not be white as 
,snowe is1 nor full of  eyes as ,argos  
was1 nor old as ,methusalem was1 nor    
full of whey or  weeping as ,marie      
,magdalen was1 nor rough as ,esau was1  
nor full of spots  as ,lazarus4 ,master 
,tusser in his ,booke of husbandrie     
addeth other  properties also of ,cheese
 well made1 which who so listeth may    
read4  ,of this sort for the most part  
is that which is made about ,banbury  in
 ,oxfordshire3 for of all cheese 7in my 
judgement7 it is the best1  though some 
preferre ,cheshire ,cheese made about   
,nantwich3 and other  also commend the  
,cheese of other countries3 ,but        
,banbury ,cheese shall  goe for my      
money3 for therein 7if it be of the best

 sort7 you shall  neither tast the renet
 nor salt1 which be two speciall        
properties of  good ,cheese4 ,now who so
 is desirous to eate ,cheese1 must eate 
it after  other meat1 and in little     
quantitie4 ,a pennyweight1 according to 
the  old saying1 is enough4--,cogan's   
,haven of ,health1 ed4 #afab1 pp4       
#aeh-i4    ,andrew ,boorde1 in his      
,dyetary already referred to1 p4 #bff1  
mentions #e  kinds of cheese1 namely3   
grene chese1 softe chese1 harde chese   
and  spermyse4 ,besyde these iiij       
natures of chese1 there is a chese      
called  a rewene chese1 the whiche1 yf  
it be well orderyd1 doth passe all      
other cheses1 none excesse taken4 444   
,chese that is good oughte not  be to   
harde nor to softe1 but betwyxt both2 it
 shuld not be towgh nor  brultell2 it   
ought not to be swete1 nor tarte1 nor to
 salt1 nor to  fresshe2 it must be of   
good savour and taledge1 nor full of    
iyes1 nor  mytes1 nor magottes4         
,yf a chees is drie1  ,hit is a vyce1   

and so is many an eye  ,yf it see with1 
that cometh yf sounyng brendde1  ,or    
moche of salt1 or lite of presse1 it    
shende4    ---,palladius on ,husbondrie1
 ,e4 ,e4 ,text ,soc4 ed4 ,lodge1 p4     
#aed4    ,with these extracts showing   
the essentials of good cheese1 compare  
the following description of ,suffolk   
,cheese1 locally termed ,bang and       
,thump1 and made of milk several times  
skimmed3    ,unrivall'd stands thy      
county cheese1 ,o ,giles6  ,whose very  
name alone engenders smiles2  ,whose    
fame abroad by every tongue is spoke1   
,the well-known butt of many a flinty   
joke1  ,its name derision and reproach  
pursue1  ,and strangers tell of 'three  
times skimm'd skye blue4'               
--,blomfield4    ,its toughness has     
given rise to a number of local         
illustrations4 ,in one  the cheese      
exclaims3    ,those that made me were   
uncivil1  ,for they made me harder than 
the devil2  ,knives won't cut me2 fire  
won't sweat me2  ,dogs bark at me1 but  

can't eat me4    ,hunger will break     
through stone walls1 or anything except 
,suffolk  cheese1 is a proverb from     
,ray4 ,mowbray says it is only fit to be
 cut  up for gate latches1 a use to     
which it is often applied4 ,other       
writers  represent it as most suitable  
for making wheels for wheelbarrows4     
,e#bic ,argusses eies4 ,the mythical    
,argus1 surnamed ,panoptes 7the         
,all-seer71 had a hundred eyes2 he was  
placed by ,juno to guard ,io1 and  at   
his death his eyes were transplanted to 
the peacock's tail4    ,e#bid ,to fleet 
or skim the cream is a verb still in use
 in  ,east ,anglia1 and the utensil used
 for the purpose is termed a            
fleeting-dish4 ,i flete mylke1 take away
 the creame that lyeth above  it whan it
 hath rested4--,palsgr4 ,esburrer1 to   
fleet the creame  potte2 laict esburr1  
fleeted milk2 maigne1 fleeted milke or  
whaye4--,hollyband's ,treasurie4 ,ye    
floted too nie  you skimmed off  too    
much of the cream4    ,e#bie ,if cheeses

 are full of eyes1 it is a proof that   
the curd was not  properly worked4      
,e#bif ,hoven cheese is occasioned by   
negligence in breaking the curd2  and   
therefore ,cisley deserves to be driven 
to creeks1 or holes and  corners1 for   
her idleness and inattention4--,m4      
,e#big ,tough or leathery cheese may    
arise from its being set too hot1  or   
not worked up1 and the curd broken in   
proper time4--,m4    ,e#bih ,various    
causes may bring on corruption in       
cheese1 such as the  use of beastings1  
or milk immediately after calving1      
moisture1 bruises  and such like4       
,e#bii ,hairs in cheese can only arise  
from inexcusable carelessness1 or  from 
,cisley's combing and decking her hair  
in the dairy4    ,e#cjj ,magget the py  
the magpie1 a pun on the word magget1 in
 its two  meanings of #a4 a maggot1 #b4 
a magpie1 commonly called in ,prov4     
,eng4  magot-pie1 maggoty-pie1 from mag1
 maggot  ,meg1 ,maggie  ,margery1       
,margaret1 and pie2 ,fr4 margot1 old    

dimin4 of ,marguerite1  and common name 
of the magpie4 ,the line1 therefore1    
reads1 ,if  maggots be crawling in the  
cheese1 fetch magget the py4 ,pie1      
meggatapie4--,cotgrave4 ,cf4 ,shakspere1
 ,macbeth1 ,act iii4 sc4 #d1 #abe4      
,e#cja ,cisley1 in running after the    
,bishop in passing1 as was the  practice
 in former times1 in order to obtain his
 blessing1 might  accidentally leave her
 milk on the fire2 and on her return1   
finding  it burnt to the pan1 might     
probably curse the prelate for her      
mishap1  which conduct deserved         
correction1 or a left-handed blessing   
from her  mistress4 ,so ,dr4 ,mavor4    
,mr4 ,skeat remarks in reference to it3 
,that  stupid story makes me cross2 it  
is such an evident invention1 and no    
soul has ever adduced the faintest proof
 of any such practice4 ,the  allusion is
 far less circuitous1 viz4 to the       
bishops who burnt people  for heresy4   
,that they did so is too notorious4 ,the
 following extract  appears strongly to 

bear out ,mr4 ,skeat's view3 ,when a    
thynge speadeth  not well we borowe     
speach and say 'the byshope hath blessed
 it1'  because that nothynge speadeth   
well that they medyll withall4 ,if the  
podech be burned to1 or the meate over  
rosted1 we say 'the byshope has  put his
 fote in the potte1' or 'the byshope    
hath played the coke1'  because the     
byshopes burn who they lust1 and        
whosoever displeaseth  them4--,quotation
 from ,tyndale's ,obedyence of a        
,chrystene ,man1 #aebh1 p4  #aff1 in    
,brockett1 ,north ,country ,glossary1   
#ahbe1 page #af4 ,if we consider  that  
these verses were written while the     
memory of the numbers who had  suffered 
death at the stake for their religion   
was still fresh in the  minds of the    
people1 ,mr4 ,skeat's view1 borne out1  
as it is1 by the  foregoing extract1    
certainly appears the more reasonable   
and probable4    ,e#cjb ,here reede3 we 
may take this as meaning either here    
read1  or1 adopting the older meaning of

 the word reede 7,a4,s4 rd   advice1    
warning71 as hear my advice or warning4 
,e#cjc ,take nothing to halues1 that is1
 do nothing by halves4    ,e#cjd ,tell  
fagot and billet1 etc42 count your      
faggots and fire-wood1  to prevent the  
boys and girls from pilfering it1 so    
that when you come  to fetch it you find
 a quarter be gone4 ,so also in the next
 stanza1  watch the coal men filling the
 sacks1 lest you should get short       
weight2  and1 when the coals are        
delivered1 see the sacks opened1 for    
fear the  coal dealer and the carman    
should be 'two in a pack1' or 'harp on  
one  string1' and between them you be   
defrauded4    ,e#cje ,philip and ,jacob1
 that is1 ,st4 ,philip and ,st4 ,james' 
,day1 ,may  #ast4 ,when flocks were more
 uniform as to breed and management1    
lambs  used to be separated from their  
dams on this day1 for the purpose of    
tithing as well as milking4--,m4        
,requiem ternam1 a portion of the       
,roman ,catholic ,service for the dead1 

hence least requiem ternam in  winter   
they sing  lest they die in the winter  
from not having been  allowed to become 
sufficiently strong before being taken  
from their  dams1 and thus being        
incapable of enduring the severity of   
the weather4    ,e#cjf ,barberlie       
handled1 that is1 secundum artem1 as a  
barber  surgeon would do1 by first      
cutting away extraneous substances1 and 
then rubbing the part with dust4--,m4   
,tusser ,redivivus calls the  lumps of  
dirt and worms which gather on the wool 
under a sheep's tail  treddles4         
,e#cjg ,during the summer season1 hollow
 and decayed pollards in  particular1 or
 woodsere1 cannot be lopped without     
danger4 ,ivy1 however1  is to be        
removed2 or it will1 by the closeness of
 its embraces1 prevent  trees from      
addling1 that is1 growing or increasing 
in size4--,m4    ,e#cjh ,the ,thrasher  
serves the ,cattle with fresh ,straw1   
the ,hogs with  ,risk 7offal1 corn and  
weeds1 and short knotty straw74--,t4,r4 

7,may74    ,e#cji ,a weede hooke1 a     
crotch1 and a gloue4 ,fitzherbert 7,boke
 of  ,husbandry1 #aehf7 enumerates1 as  
ye chyef instrumentes for weeding1  a   
paier of tonges made of wood and in the 
farther end it is nicked  to hold ye    
wede faster 444 yf it be drye wether    
then must ye have a  wedying hoke with a
 socket set upon a lytle staffe a yard  
longe4 ,and  this hoke wolde be wel     
steled and grounde sharpe bothe behynde 
and  before4 ,and in his other hande he 
hath a forked stycke a yarde long4  ,the
 whole account of weeding in the ,boke  
is very quaint4 ,in former  days        
thistles were gathered from the corn for
 the feeding of cattle1  and the left   
hand of the reaper was guarded with a   
leathern glove3  there is an entry among
 the expenses of the ,priory of ,holy   
,island for  #acdd-e of gloves for #ad  
servants when they gathered the tythe   
corn1  #bs4 #h;d4 ,see ,johnston's      
,botany of the ,eastern ,borders4--,note
 by  ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1 ,f4,l4,s4       

,e#caj ,the ,may weed doth burn         
7,anthemis cotula1 ,l474 ,the juice of  
this plant is possessed of an acrid     
blistering property which renders  it   
extremely noxious to reapers4 ,the      
irritating effects are produced in  a   
still greater degree by the seed when   
ripe1 and are mostly manifested  in the 
lower extremities1 from the close       
adhesion of the seeds by  their rough   
surface1 aided by the friction of the   
shoe1 causing first  abrasion1 then     
active inflammation1 and even           
ulceration4 ,dr4 ,bromfield  7,flora    
,vectensis7 says3 ,i have been          
repeatedly assured by the  peasantry    
that they have known men incapacitated  
for work1 and laid up1  from the        
injurious operation of this noxious     
weed1 for days together in  harvest     
time4    ,e#caa ,the thistle doth fret4 
,fitzherbert 7,boke of ,husbandry7 says3
  ,the thystell is an yll wede rough and
 sharpe to handle1 and freateth  away   
the cornes nyghe it4    ,e#cab ,the     

fitches pul downward4 ,the hairy tare1  
,vicia hirsuta1 ,l4  ,fitch  vetch4     
,e#cac ,the cockle1 ,lychnis ,githago1  
,l4 ,cockole hath a large smal  sic     
leafe and wyll beare v or vi floures    
purple colloure as brode  as a grote1   
and the sede is rounde and              
blacke4--,fitzherbert1 ,boke of         
,husbandry4    ,e#cad ,boddle4 ,the corn
 marigold1 ,chrysanthemum segetum1 ,l41 
more  usually called boodle or buddle in
 the ,east of ,england2 in ,kent1 yellow
  bottle2 in ,scotland1 gools1 gules1 or
 goolds1 in allusion to the colour  of  
the flower4 ,this is a very noxious     
weed1 the non-extirpation of  which in  
,scotland was formerly a punishable     
offence3 certain persons  7hence called 
gool-riders7 were appointed to ride     
through the fields  on a certain day1   
and impose a fine of three shillings and
 fourpence1  or a wether sheep1 for     
every stalk of the plant found growing  
in the  corn4 ,the custom is of great   
antiquity1 and exists in a modified form

  at the present day1 the fine being    
reduced to a penny4 ,linnus states  that
 a similar law exists in                
,denmark4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1  
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#cae ,buckwheat1 ,dutch  
boekweit1 ,ger4 buckwaitzen1 from the   
resemblance of its triangular seeds to  
beech-nuts1 a name adopted with  its    
culture from the ,dutch4--,it is a      
tender plant1 and must be sown          
late4--,m4 ,it is also very proper to   
sow it 7bucke7 before wheat1 the  ground
 is made clean and fine by it1 and it   
sufficing itself with a  ,froth leaves  
the solid ,strength for the             
,wheat4--,t4,r4 7,may74 ,polygonum      
,fagopyrum1 ,linn4    ,e#caf ,brank     
buckwheat1 from a ,latin word1 brance1  
that occurs  in ,pliny lib4 xviii4 cap4 
#g1 where it seems rather to mean a     
barley4  ,galli quoque suum genus farris
 dedere1 quod illic brance vocant1  apud
 nos sandalam1 nitidissimi grani4 ,the  
word will be identical  with blanc1     
white1 ,port4 branco1 and equivalent to 

wheat1 which  properly means            
white4--,popular ,names of ,british     
,plants1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,a4  ,prior1 #ahgj1 p4
 #bh4 ,pancakes are made of it in       
,holland4--,t4,r4    ,e#cag ,pidgeons1  
,rooks1 and other ,vermine1 about that  
time begin to be  scanted1 and will     
certainly find them peas out1 be they in
 never so  by a ,corner4--,t4,r4 7,may74
    ,e#cah ,fimble1 or ,female ,hemp1 so
 called1 ,i suppose1 because it falls   
to the ,female's share to tew-taw it1   
that is1 to dress it and to spin  it1   
etc4 ,the ,fimble ,hemp is that which is
 ripe soonest and fittest for  spinning1
 and is not worth above half as much as 
the ,carle with its  seed4--,t4,r4 ,the 
male is called ,charle ,hempe1 and      
,winter ,hempe2  the ,female ,barren    
,hempe and ,sommer ,hempe4--,gerard's   
,herball1 p4  #egb4 ,hemp was much      
cultivated here until the end of the    
great war with  ,france4 ,the ,carl or  
male hemp was used for ropes1 sackcloth1
 and  other coarse manufactures3 the    

fimble1 or female hemp1 was applied  to 
making sheets and other domestic        
purposes4--,peacock's ,gloss4 of        
,manley1 etc41 ,e4 ,d4 ,soc4    ,it is  
curious that the ,karl or male hemp     
should be in reality the  female plant1 
but other authors use the names in the  
same way4 ,the  femell hempe 444 beareth
 no sede4--,fitzherbert1 ,boke of       
,husbandry4  ,see also #ee4 #h4 ,gerard 
says the female hemp is barren and      
without  seede1 contrarie to the nature 
of that sexe4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4        
,britten1  ,f4,l4,s4    ,e#cai ,the fact
 of the ,hop being one of the plants    
which twine from  left to right had thus
 been observed as early as ,tusser's    
time4--,note  by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1     
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#cbj ,the tine tare a    
tare that tines or encloses and         
imprisons  other plants1 ,vicia         
hirsuta4--,prior is now seldom attempted
 to be  raked out1 for fear of greater  
mischief from the practice than from its
  neglect4 ,the safest way is certainly 

to cut the tine near the root1 but  the 
operation is extremely tedious4--,m4    
,e#cba ,the ,fawy riseth in ,fawy moore 
in a verie quaue mire1 on the  side of  
an hill4--,harrison1 ed4 #aehg1 ,bk4 i4 
c4 #ab4    ,cf4 ,the wal wagged and     
clef1 and al the worlde quaved4         
--,piers ,plowman1 ed4 ,skeat1 ,b ,text1
 ,passus xviii4 #fa4    ,quave of a myre
 7quaue as of a myre71 ,labina4 ,quavyn1
 as myre1  ,tremo4--,prompt4 ,parv4     
,horman1 in his chapter de re           
edificatori1  observes that a quauery or
 a maris and unstable foundation must   
be holpe with great pylys of alder      
rammed downe1 and with a frame  of      
tymbre called a crossaundre 7fistuc74   
,in ,caxton's ,mirrour of  the ,world1  
,part ,,ii4 c4 #bb1 it is said1         
understande ye how the erthe  quaueth   
and shaketh1 that somme peple calle an  
erthe quaue1 by cause  they fele the    
erthe meue and quaue vnder their feet4  
,quaue myre1  foundriere                
crouliere4--,palsgrave4 ,forby gives    

,quavery-mavery   undecided1            
hesitating4--,way1 ,note in ,prompt4    
,parv41 s4v4 ,quave4    ,e#cbb ,the     
meaning is1 make your dunghill on the   
headland1 especially  where shaded with 
trees and bushes1 as they will prevent  
the moisture  from exhaling4--,m4    ,i 
see in some meddowes gaully places where
 little or no grasse at  al groweth1 by 
reason 7as ,i take it7 of the too long  
standing of the  water1 for such places 
are commonly low1 where the water       
standeth1  not hauing vent to passe     
away1 and therefore meanes must be first
  made for the evacuation of the water3 
for the continual standing of  the water
 consumeth the grasse1 and makes the    
place bare1 and sinketh  it4 ,in such a 
place1 therefore1 sow in the            
,spring-time some hay-seed1  especially 
the seed of the claver grasse1 clover or
 the grasse  hony-suckle trefoil1 and   
other seeds that fall out of the finest 
and  purest hay3 and in the sowing of   
it1 mingle with it some good earth2  but

 sow not the hony-suckle grasse in too  
moist a ground1 for it liketh  it       
not4--,norden's ,surveyor's ,dialogue1  
#afjg1 pp4 #bja-b4 ,gauls are void      
spaces in ,coppices which serve for     
nothing but to entice the ,cattel  into 
it1 to its great ,damage4--,t4,r4       
,e#cbc ,if the land is overstocked in   
summer1 you may1 perhaps1 be  obliged to
 assist your cattle to rise in winter2  
or1 in other words1  to lift at their   
tails4--,m4 ,cf4 #ba4 #ad4    ,e#cbd ,it
 appears to have been the custom        
formerly to allow1 in warm  weather1    
sleep for an hour or two4 ,in ,norfolk  
we are told the practice  is not quite  
obsolete on churning days when the      
mistress and maids get  up early2 and   
likewise among the ploughmen1 where two 
journies a day  are performed with their
 teams1 and an interval allowed for     
rest4--,m4  ,compare the expression in  
the ,paston ,letters1 i4 #cij1 ,writan  
in my  slepyng tyme at after none1 on   
,wytsonday4    ,e#cbe ,patch4 ,cf4      

,shakspere1 ,mid4 ,night's ,dr41 ,act   
iii4 sc4 #b2 and  ,merchant of ,venice1 
,act ii4 sc4 #e4    ,e#cbf ,growthed    
grout-hed  thick head1 fat head4 ,cf4   
growtnoul   a blockhead4 ,growte nowle  
come to the ,king4--,promos and         
,cassandra1  p4 #ha4    ,e#cbg          
,stilling1 or distilling1 may be a      
pretty feat1 but we doubt  if it is very
 profitable1 and if it does not furnish 
a temptation to  dram-drinking1 under   
the mask of simple and medicinal        
waters4--,m4    ,e#cbh ,see note ,e#fi4 
,e#cbi ,swinge brembles and brakes1 this
 is1 cut down with a sweeping           
instrument somewhat resembling a scythe4
    ,e#ccj ,sheep-shearing takes place  
only once1 viz4 in the month of  ,june2 
the heaviest wethers weigh sixty pounds1
 others from forty to  fifty pounds3    
they bear at the most not more than six1
 others four or  five pounds of wool2   
one of the best wethers 7notwithstanding
 that  they are very abundant7 sells for
 about twenty shillings1 that is1 ten   

,french francs or five thalers2 the     
inferior sort about ten shillings1  or  
five francs2 and the worst about six or 
eight ,english shillings4  ,the skin of 
the best wether and sheep is worth about
 twelve pence1  that is1 four and a half
 ,german batzen2 the worst about eight  
pence or  three batzen2 a pound of wool 
about twelve pence1 or four and a half  
batzen4--,rathgeb1 #afjb1 ,rye1 p4 #ea  
7quoted in ,harrison's ,description  of 
,england1 ed4 ,furnivall1 ,part ,i4 p4  
lxxxiii74 ,running ,water is best1  444 
but then it is oft-times very sheer and 
cold4--,t4,r4 7,june74    ,e#cca ,grote4
 ,in this yere #acdi the kynge caused to
 be coyned  grotes and half grotes1 the 
whiche lacked of the weight of his      
former  coyne1 ii s4 vi d4 in a li      
libra1 pound ,troy4--,fabyan1 p4 #dfa4  
,the  groat was only equal to about     
three and a half silver pennies instead 
of four4    ,e#ccb ,the ,pie will       
discharge thee1 etc41 that is1 the      
magpie will  save you the trouble1 etc41

 alluding to birds eating vermin on     
sheep's  backs4    ,e#ccc ,ouercome     
overtake1 or keep up with2 don't mow    
more than you  can easily make1 not too 
much at once1 lest part of it be spoiled
 for  want of hands4    ,e#ccd ,cock    
apace4 ,cf4 ,piers ,plowman1 ,c4 ,text1 
,passus vi4 #ab1 #ac 7ed4  ,skeat74     
,canstow seruen1 he seide1 oer syngen in
 a churche1  ,oer coke for my cokers1   
oer to e cart picche8    i4e4 put hay   
into cocks for my harvest men4 ,mr4     
,skeat quotes in  his note to this      
passage3 ,bee it also prouided1 that    
this act1 nor  anything therein         
contained1 doe in any wise extende to   
any cockers  or haruest folkes that     
trauaile into anie countrie of this     
realme for  haruest worke1 either corne 
haruest1 or hay haruest1 if they doe    
worke  and labour                       
accordingly4--,rastall1 ,statutes2      
,vagabonds1 etc41 p4 #dgd4    ,e#cce ,to
 employ your labourers in ploughing1 or 
in performing other  parts of husbandry1

 till the dew is off the grass1 is      
unquestionably a  saving of time1 and   
essentially forwards the business of the
 farm4--,m4    ,e#ccf ,he who is        
constantly borrowing tools and other    
things which he  ought to have of his   
own1 lays himself under obligation to   
the lender1  who expects twice as much  
in return4    ,e#ccg ,woodsere here     
means the proper season for felling     
wood4    ,e#cch ,fieing4 ,feigh1 ,fey1  
vb4 to clean out a drain1 gutter or     
cesspool4 ',paid to ,john ,lavghton in  
haruest for feighinge the milne         
becke4'--,kirton in ,lindsey ,ch4 ,acc4 
#aehb4 ,george ,todd's feyin' out  the  
sink hole4--,peacock's ,glossary1 ,e4   
,dial4 ,soc4 #ahgg4 ,to fey a  ditch or 
pond is to empty and clean it2 and the  
mud taken from such  places1 if mixed   
with lime or chalk1 forms an excellent  
compost for  pasture grounds4--,m4 ,cf4 
,icel4 fgja1 to cleanse1 whence our word
 is  derived4    ,e#cci ,of late yeares 
also we haue found and taken vp a great 

trade  in planting of hops1 whereof our 
moorie hitherto and vnprofitable        
grounds doo yeeld such plentie and      
increase that there are few farmers  or 
occupiers in the countrie1 which haue   
not gardens and hops growing  of their  
owne1 and those farre better than doo   
come from ,flanders  vnto vs4 ,certes   
the corruptions vsed by the ,flemings1  
and forgerie  dailie practised in this  
kind of ware1 gaue vs occasion to plant 
them  here at home2 so that now we may  
spare and send manie ouer vnto them4    
,and this ,i know by experience that    
some one man by conuersion of his       
moorie grounds into hopyards1 wherof    
before he had no commoditie1 dooth      
raise yearelie by so little as twelue   
acres in compasse two hundred  markes2  
all charges borne toward the maintenance
 of his familie4 ,which  ,industrie ,god
 continue6 ,though some secret freends  
of ,flemings let not  to exclaime       
against this commoditie1 as a spoile of 
wood1 by reason  of the poles1 which    

neuerthelesse after three yeares doo    
also come to  the fire1 and spare their 
other fewell4--,harrison1 ,descript4 of 
,eng41  #aehg1 p4 #bjf4 ,lowe and       
spungie grounds trenched is good for    
hopps1  as ,suffolke1 ,essex1 and       
,surrie1 and other places doe find to   
their  profit4--,norden1 p4 #bjf4       
,evelyn1 ,sylva1 pp4 #bja1 #dfi1 ed4    
,hunter1  asserts that there was a      
petition against them temp4 ,henry      
,,vi41 but no  record of it appears on  
the rolls of ,parliament4 ,brewing with 
hops was  not introduced here till the  
reign of ,king ,henry ,,viii4 7,stow1   
,hist4 p4  #ajch47 ,bere1 however1 is   
mentioned in #aejd4 7,leland1 ,coll4 vi4
 p4  #cj1 and see ,dr4 ,percy on        
,northumberland ,book1 p4               
#dad47--,pegge's ,forme  of ,cury1 ed4  
#aghj1 p4 xxiii4 ,see a long note in    
,prompt4 ,parv41 s4v4  ,hoppe2 and also 
,pharmacographia1 p4 #dif4    ,e#cdj    
,for wanting at will  for fear of having
 none when you really  want it4         

,e#cda ,hay for neat cattle may be made 
with less labour1 and more              
expeditiously than for horses2 because1 
if it is a little mow burnt1 it  will   
not be the less acceptable to them2 and 
besides1 the fermentation  it undergoes1
 if not carried too far1 has a natural  
tendency to mellow  coarse grass4--,m4  
,e#cdb ,avise auouse is ,french jargon  
for take precautions4 ,ill-made  hay is 
apt to take fire2 if much wetted with   
rain1 to become mouldy4  ,hard and fine 
hay is best for horses2 soft and coarse 
hay will be more  acceptable to cattle2 
while short hay is coveted by           
sheep4--,m4    ,e#cdc ,thry fallowing1  
or the third plowing1 should be         
performed  pretty early in the summer1  
in order that the ground may acquire    
sufficient hardness to resist the seeds 
of thistles and other weeds1  even at   
the risk of requiring another           
stirring4--,m4    ,e#cdd ,this can only 
refer to garden beans1 but the practice 
is now  obsolete4    ,e#cde ,see note   

,e#cah4    ,e#cdf ,wormwood1 a word     
corrupted from ,a4,s4 wermod1 ,ger4     
wermuth1  ,o4,s4 weremede1 words which  
seem to be compounded with ,ger4 wehren1
  ,a4,s4 werian  to keep off1 and mod or
 made  maggot1 but which1  by an        
accidental coincidence of sound1 have   
been understood as though  the first    
syllable were worm4 ,l4 ,diefenbach     
would prefer to derive  it from a       
,celtic root that means bitter1 ,welsh  
chwerw1 ,cornish  wherow4 ,be its origin
 what it may1 it was understood in the  
,middle  ,ages as meaning a herb        
obnoxious to maggots1 and used to       
preserve  things from them1 and was also
 given as an anthelmintic or worm       
medicine4 ,artemisia ,absinthium1       
,l4--,dr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,prior1 ,pop4 ,names  
of ,brit4 ,plants4 ,two sorts of        
,wormewood are well knowen of many1     
that is1 our common ,wormewood1 and that
 which is called ,ponticum1  now sowen  
in many gardens1 and commonly called    
,french-wormewood4 ,and  while it is    

yong1 it is eaten in ,salats with other 
herbes1 to the great  commoditie of the 
stomacke and ,liuer4 ,for it            
strengthneth a weake  stomacke1 and     
openeth the ,liuer and ,splene4 ,for    
which purpose there is  to be had in the
 ,stilliard at ,london a kind of wine   
named ,worme-wood  wine1 which ,i would 
wish to be much used of all such        
,students as be  weake of stomacke4     
,they may easily haue a rundlet of three
 or foure  gallons or lesse1 which they 
may draw within their owne chambers as  
need requireth4 ,i was woont when       
appetite failed to steepe a branch  or  
two of common ,wormewood in halfe a pint
 of good white wine1 close  couered in  
some pot all night1 and in the morning  
to straine it through  a clean linnen   
cloth1 and put in a little sugar and    
warme it1 and so  drinke it4 ,or        
sometime to burne a little quantitie of 
wine with sugar1  and a branch or two of
 ,wormewood put into it4 ,wherein ,i    
have found many  times marvellous       

commoditie1 and who so shall vse it now 
and then1 shal  be sure of a good       
stomacke to meat1 and be free from      
wormes4--,cogan's  ,haven of ,health1 p4
 #ee4 ,wormwood1 centaury1 pennyroyal1  
are likewise  magnified and much        
prescribed1 especially in hypochondrian 
melancholy1  daily to be used1 sod in   
whey4--,burton1 ,anat4 of ,melancholy1  
p4 #dcb4    ,e#cdg ,as many doo more1   
i4e4 as many others do4 ,cf4 #fc4 #ah4  
,e#cdh ,there is a proverb3 ,one scabb'd
 sheep's enough to spoil a  flock4      
,e#cdi ,in ,lincolnshire corn affected  
by the smut is called ,parson  corn1 the
 reason assigned being that when tithes 
were paid in kind1  the sheaves that had
 the most smuts in them were always     
given to the  parson1 if he could be    
seduced into taking them4--,see         
,peacock's  ,gloss4 of ,manley1 etc41   
,e4 ,dial4 ,soc4 #ahgg4    ,e#cej       
,mow-burn is occasioned by the ,hay     
being stack'd too soon1  before its own 
juice is thoroughly dried1 and by       

,norfolk people is  called the ,red     
,raw2 not such as is occasioned by      
stacking it when wet  with ,rain1 which 
is a nasty musty and stinks4--,t4,r4    
,e#cea ,hentzner1 p4 #gi 7quoted in     
,harrison's ,description of ,england1   
ed4 ,f4 ,j4 ,furnivall1 p4 lxxxiv71     
says3 ,as we were returning to our  inn 
7at ,windsor1 ,sept4 #ad71 we happened  
to meet some country people  celebrating
 their ,harvest-home2 their last load of
 corn they crown with  flowers1 having  
besides an image richly dressed1 by     
which1 perhaps1  they would signify     
,ceres2 this they keep moving about1    
while men and  women1 men and maid      
servants1 riding through the streets in 
the cart1  shout as loud as they can    
till they arrive at the barn4    ,e#ceb 
,tis merie in hall1  ,when beards wag   
all4    ,this proverb is of great       
antiquity4 ,it occurs in the ,life of   
,alexander  7formerly1 but erroneously1 
attributed to ,adam ,davie71 written in 
#acab1  where the words are3    ,swithe 

mury hit is in halle1  ,when burdes     
wawen alle4    --,weber's ,met4 ,rom4   
,it occurs also in ,shakspere1 #b ,henry
 ,,iv4 ,act v4 sc4 #c1 and is quoted in 
the ,merie ,tales of ,skelton1 #aefg4   
,see also ,ray's ,proverbs4    ,e#cec   
,for ,mihelmas spring1 that is1 for fear
 of injuring the young  plants1 etc41 at
 ,michaelmas4    ,e#ced ,in ,harrison's 
,descript4 of ,england1 ,part ,,ii4 p4  
#ej et  seq41 there is a long chapter on
 the cultivation and uses of ,saffron   
in ,england1 from which ,i extract the  
following3 ,as the ,saffron of          
,england1 which ,platina reckneth among 
spices1 is the most excellent  of all   
other2 for it giueth place neither to   
that of ,cilicia1 whereof  ,solinus     
speaketh1 neither to anie that commeth  
from ,cilicia1 where it  groweth upon   
the mount ,taurus1 ,tmolus1 ,italie1    
tolia1 ,sicilia or  ,licia1 in          
sweetnesse1 tincture and continuance2 so
 of that which is  to be had amongst us1
 the same that grows about ,saffron     

,walden1 somtime  called ,waldenburg1 in
 the edge of ,essex1 first of all       
planted there  in the time of ,edward   
the ,third1 and that of ,glocestershire 
and those  westerlie parts1 which some  
thinke to be better than those of       
,walden1  surmounteth all the rest1 and 
therefore beareth worthilie the higher  
price1 by sixpence or twelue pence most 
commonlie in the pound4444 ,the  heads  
of saffron are raised in ,julie1 either 
with plough1 raising or  tined hooke2   
and being scowred from their rosse or   
filth1 and seuered  from such heads as  
are ingendred of them since the last    
setting1 they  are interred againe in   
,julie and ,august by ranks or rowes1   
and being  couered with moulds1 they    
rest in the earth1 where they cast forth
  little fillets and small roots like   
vnto a scallion1 until ,september1  in  
the beginning of which moneth the ground
 is pared and all weeds and  grasse that
 groweth vpon the same remooved1 to the 
intent that nothing  may annoie the     

floure when as his time dooth come to   
rise4 ,these things  being thus ordered 
in the latter end of the aforesaid      
moneth of  ,september1 the floure       
beginneth to appeere of a whitish blew1 
fesse1  or skie colour1 and in the end  
shewing itselfe in the owne kind1 it    
resembleth almost the ,leucotion of     
,theophrast1 sauing that it is  longer1 
and hath in the middest thereof three   
chines verie red and  pleasant to       
behold4 ,these floures are gathered in  
the morning before  the rising of the   
sunne1 which otherwise would cause them 
to welke  or flitter4 ,and the chines   
being picked from the floures1 these are
  throwne into the doong-hill2 the other
 dried vpon little kelles couered  with 
streined canuasses vpon a soft fire2    
wherby and by the weight that  is laied 
vpon them1 they are dried and pressed   
into cakes1 and then  bagged vp for the 
benefit of their owners4 ,in good yeeres
 we gather  foure score or an hundred   
pounds of wet saffron of an acre1 which 

being  dried dooth yeeld twentie pounds 
of drie and more4 ,whereby1 and sith    
the price of saffron is commonlie about 
twentie shillings in monie1 or  not so  
little1 it is easie to see what benefit 
is reaped by an acre of  this           
commoditie4444 ,for admit that the      
triple tillage of an acre dooth  cost   
#ac shillings foure pence before the    
saffron be set1 the clodding  sixteene  
pence1 the taking of euerie load of     
stones from the same foure  pence1 the  
raising of euerie quarter of heads six  
pence1 and so much  for cleansing of    
them1 besides the doong which is woorth 
six pence the  load to be laid on the   
first yeere1 for the setting three and  
twentie  shillings and foure pence1 for 
the paring fiue shillings1 six pence for
  the picking of a pound wet1 etc42 yea 
though he hire it readie set1  and paie 
ten pounds for the same1 yet shall he   
susteine no damage1 if  warme weather   
and open season doo happen at the       
gathering4 ,harrison  then describes    

fully the culture of saffron1 and the   
adulterations and  tricks practised by  
the dealers1 and afterwards describes   
the virtues  of it3 ,our saffron 7beside
 the manifold vse that it hath in the   
kitchin and pastrie1 also in our cakes  
at bridals1 and thanksgivings of  women7
 is verie profitably mingled with those 
medicines which we take  for the        
diseases of the breast1 of the lungs1 of
 the liuer1 and of the  bladder2 it is  
good also for the stomach if you take it
 in meat1 for  it comforteth the same1  
and maketh good digestion3 being sodden 
also  in wine1 it not onelie keepeth a  
man from dronkennesse1 but incorageth   
also unto procreation of issue4 ,if you 
drinke it in sweet wine1 it  inlargeth  
the breath1 and is good for those that  
are troubled with  the tisike and       
shortnesse of the wind3 mingled with the
 milke of a  woman1 and laied vpon the  
eies1 it staieth such humors as descend 
into  the same1 and taketh away the red 
wheales and pearles that oft grow  about

 them3 it killeth moths if it be sowed  
in paper bags verie thin1  and laid vp  
in presses among tapistrie or apparrell3
 also it is verie  profitable laid vnto 
all inflammations1 painefull aposthumes1
 and the  shingles1 and doth no small   
ease vnto deafnes4444 ,three drams      
thereof  taken at once1 which is about  
the weight of one shilling nine pence   
halfe penie1 is deadlie poison4         
,e#cee ,the two ,s4 ,maries daies1 i4e4 
,july #bbnd1 ,st4 ,mary  ,magdalene's   
,day1 and ,august #aeth1 the feast of   
the ,assumption of the  ,virgin         
,mary4--,m4 ,mr4 ,skeat suggests that   
the days meant are ,august #aeth  and   
,september #hth1 the ,nativity of the   
,virgin ,mary4    ,there is no doubt    
,mr4 ,skeat is right2 compare ,centory  
must be gotten  betweene our ,lady      
dayes4--,langham's ,garden of ,health4  
,the date is not  uncommon in           
,herbals4--,note by ,mr4 ,j4 ,britten1  
,f4,l4,s4    ,e#cef ,mustard-seed is    
very apt to shed1 and therefore should  

be  gathered before it becomes too ripe4
 ,after dressing it is to be laid in  a 
soller or garret4 ,soller1 a lofte1     
garnier4--,palsgrave4 ,garytte1  hay    
solere4--,prompt4 ,parv4    ,e#ceg      
,though all the editions which ,i have  
seen read as printed in the  text1 it is
 evident that ,tusser meant exactly the 
opposite1 viz43    ,by day will deceiue 
thee1 etc4  ,by great will dispatch1    
etc4    ,men who take work by the great1
 that is1 by the job or contract1 are1  
as experience tells us1 naturally       
anxious to get the work done as soon  as
 possible1 while those who are engaged  
by the day as naturally try  to spin out
 the work as long as they can4          
,according to ,carr's ,craven           
,glossary1 a ,day-work is three roods of
 land4 ,four perches make a  day-worke2 
ten daysworks make a roode or quarter4  
7,twysden ,,ms4 quoted  by ,halliwell47 
,the latter agrees with ,norden's       
statement3 ,you must  know 7says he71   
that there goe #afj perches to one acre2

 #hj perches to  halfe an acre2 #dj     
perches to one roode1 which is  of an   
acre2 ten  daies worke to a roode1 foure
 perches to a daies worke2 #af foote    
and a halfe to a perche4 7,surveior's   
,dialogue1 #afaj47 ,in ,cowel's         
,interpreter we read ,day-werc of ,land1
 as much arable ground as  could be     
ploughed up in one day's work1 or one   
journey1 as the farmers  still call it4 
,e#ceh ,harvest lord1 the principal     
reaper who goes first and  regulates the
 movements of the rest2 ,harvest-,lady1 
the second reaper  in the row1 called in
 ,cambridgeshire the ,harvest-,queen4   
,the rate at  which the ,harvest-lord   
reaped of course regulated that of the  
others1  and therefore ,tusser          
recommends that he should have a penny  
or two  extra in order to encourage him 
to have an eye to the loiterers1 and to 
keep all up to the mark4 ,cf43    ,at   
heighe pryme ,peres lete the plowe      
stonde1  ,to ouersen hem hymself1 and   
who-so best wroute  ,he shulde be huyred

 therafter whan heruest tyme come4      
--,piers ,plowman1 ed4 ,skeat1 ,e4 ,e4  
,text ,soc4 ,b ,text1 ,passus vi4 #aad4 
,the following particulars as to the    
farmer's expenses at harvest  time are  
quoted by ,mr4 ,skeat in his notes to   
,piers ,plowman1 ,c4 ,text1  ,passus ix4
 #ajd1 from ,sir ,j4 ,cullum's ,hist4 of
 ,hawsted1 ,suffolk1 #bnd  ed43 ,the    
outgoings in harvest were called the    
costs of autumn1  and are thus stated4  
,in #achh1 we find the expences of a    
ploughman1  head reaper1 baker1 cook1   
brewer1 deye1 #bdd reapers 7sic7 hired  
for #a day2 #cj bedrepes 7days of work  
performed in harvest-time by the        
customary tenants1 at the bidding of    
their lord71 the men being  fed1        
according to custom1 with bread and     
herring2 #c qrs4 #c bu4 of wheat  from  
the stock2 #e qrs4 #c bu4 of malt from  
the stock2 meat bought1  #ajs4 #aj;d42  
#e sheep from the stock2 fish and       
herrings bought1 #es42  herrings bought 
for the customary tenants1 #g;d42       

cheese1 milk1 and  butter bought 7the   
dairy being let71 #is4 #f;d42 salt1     
#c;d42 candles1  #e;d42 pepper1 #c;d42  
spoons1 dishes1 and faucets1 #e;d4 #cj  
bedrepes1  as before2 #ai reapers1 hired
 for #a day1 at their own board1 #d;d4  
each2  #hj men1 for #a day1 and kept at 
the lady's board1 #d;d4 each3 #dj men   
7sic7 hired for #a day1 at #c;d4 each2  
the wages of the head reaper1  #fs4     
#h;d42 of the brewer1 #cs4 #d;d42 of the
 cook1 #cs4 #d;d4 #cj  acres of oats    
tied up by the job 7per taskam71 #as4   
#h;d42 #f acres  of bolymong cut and    
tied up by the job1 #cs4 #d;d42 #af     
acres of pease1  cut by the job1 #hs42  
#e acres of pease and bolymong1 cut and 
tied  up by the job1 #bs4 #f;d42 #c     
acres of wheat1 cut and tied up by the  
job1 #as4 #aa;d4 ,here follow similar   
details for #achi1 including a  mention 
of #e pairs of harvest-gloves1 #aj;d4   
,what a scene of bustling  industry was 
this6 for1 exclusive of the baker1 cook1
 and brewer1 who1  we may presume1 were 

fully engaged in their own offices1 here
 were  #eec persons employed in the     
first year2 in the second1 #ebj2 and in 
a  third1 #ech2 yet the annual number of
 acres1 of all sorts of corn1 did  not  
much exceed #bjj4 ,from this prodigious 
number of hands1 the whole  business    
must have been soon finished4 ,there    
were probably #b principal  days2 for   
two large parties were hired1 every     
year1 for #a day each4444  ,these       
ancient harvest-days must have exhibited
 one of the most cheerful  spectacles in
 the world4 ,one can hardly imagine a   
more animated scene  than that of       
between #bjj and #cjj harvest-people all
 busily employed at  once1 and enlivened
 with the expectation of a festivity1   
which perhaps  they experienced but this
 one season in the year4 ,all the       
inhabitants  of the village1 of both    
sexes1 and all ages1 that could work1   
must have  been assembled on the        
occasion2 a muster that1 in the present 
state of  things1 would be impossible4  

,the success of thus compressing so much
  business into so short a time must    
have depended on the weather4 ,but      
dispatch seems to have been the plan of 
agriculture at this time1 at  least in  
this village4 ,we have seen before1 that
 #fj persons were hired  for #a day1 to 
weed the corn4 ,these throngs of        
harvest-people were  superintended by a 
person who was called the head-reaper   
7supermessor  or prpositus71 who was    
annually elected1 and presented to the  
lord1 by the inhabitants2 and it should 
seem that1 in this village at  least1 he
 was always one of the customary        
tenants4 ,the year he was in  office1 he
 was exempt from all or half of his     
usual rents and services1  according to 
his tenure2 he was to have his victuals 
and drink at the  lord's table1 if the  
lord kept house 7si dominus hospitium   
tenuerit72  if he did not1 he was to    
have a livery of corn1 as other         
domestics  had2 and his horse was to be 
kept in the manor-stable4 ,he was next  

in  dignity to the steward and bailiff4 
,the hay-harvest was an affair of  no   
great importance4 ,there were but #cj   
acres of grass annually mown at  this   
period4 ,this was done or paid for by   
the customary tenants4 ,the  price of   
mowing an acre was #f;d4    ,by an      
,assessment of the ,corporation of      
,canterbury1 made in #aeid1 the         
following were the rates of wages       
declared payable3--,every labourer  from
 ,easter to ,michaelmas1 with meat and  
drink1 #d;d4 per day2 finding  himself1 
#aj;d42 and from ,michaelmas to ,easter1
 with meat and drink1  #d;d42 without1  
#h;d4 ,mowers per day1 with meat and    
drink1 #h;d42  finding themselves1      
#ad;d4 ,by the acre1 with meat and      
drink1 #d;d42  without1 #h;d4 ,reapers  
per day1 with meat and drink1 #f;d42    
finding  themselves1 #ab;d42 by the     
acre1 with meat and drink1 #ad;d42      
without1  #bh;d4 ,plashing and teeming  
of a quick hedge1 #b;d4 per rod4 ,laying
  upon the band and binding and copping 

of oats1 #h;d41 barley1 #aj;d4          
,threshers by the quarter with meat and 
drink1 for the quarter and  making clean
 of wheat and rye1 #e;d41 oats and      
barley1 #c;d42 without  meat and drink1 
for the quarter and making clean of     
wheat and rye1  #ab;d41 oats and barley1
 #f;d4 ,making talewood1 the load1      
#d;d42  billets1 per #ajjj1 #ab;d4 ,a   
bailiff1 with livery1 #c per annum2     
without  livery1 #c #fs4                
#h;d4--,hasted's ,antiquities of        
,canterbury1 #ahja1 vol4  ii4 ,appendix4
    ,e#cei ,larges1 usually a shilling  
7says ,major ,moor in his ,suffolk      
,glossary74 ,for this the reapers will  
ask you if you 'chuse to have  it       
hallered4' ,if answered1 yes1 they      
assemble in a ring1 holding each        
other's hands1 and inclining their heads
 to the centre4 ,one of them1  detached 
a few yards apart1 calls loudly1 thrice1
 ',holla ,lar6--,holla  ,lar6--,holla   
,lar6--j e e s4' ,those in the ring     
lengthen out o-o-o-o  with a low        

sonorous note and inclined heads1 and   
then throwing the  head up1 vociferate  
'a-a-a-ah4' ,this thrice repeated for a 
shilling is  the established exchange in
 ,suffolk4 ,largesse bounty1 handfuls of
  money cast among the                  
people4--,cotgrave4 ,crye a larges when 
a rewarde  is geven to workemen1 stipem 
vociferare4--,huloet's ,dict4 #aeeb4    
,the  phrase crie a largesse occurs in  
,piers ,plowman1 ,b ,text1 xiii4 #ddi4  
,as  to the gloves given to harvest-men 
see above and note ,e#cji4    ,e#cfj    
,though barley is generally mown1 it is 
a slovenly practice1  unless when       
performed with a cradle scythe4--,m4    
,see note ,e#hg4    ,e#cfa ,dallops1    
patches of barley which have run to     
straw4--,m4    ,e#cfb ,tidie means neat1
 proper1 and in season4--,m4    ,e#cfc  
,there finding a smack1 i4e4 finding a  
pleasant repast4    ,e#cfd ,doo perish1 
i4e4 cause to perish1 ruin3 the use of  
do in  this sense is very common in     
,early ,english4    ,e#cfe ,lengthen    

here is equivalent to increase the      
extent or produce  of4    ,e#cff ,fill  
out the black boule1 etc4 ,i am quite   
unable to explain  this line2 the boule 
of bleith is evidently the merry bowl1  
but the  epithet black ,i do not        
understand4    ,e#cfg ,thrifts ladder   
may clime1 i4e4 may prosper4 ,cf4 ch4   
#i4    ,e#cfh ,that many doo hate1 in   
edd4 of #aegc1 #aehj1 #aehe1 etc41 the  
reading is as many do hate4    ,e#cfi   
,ling perhaps looks for great extolling1
 being counted the  beefe of the sea1   
and standing every fish-day 7as a cold  
supporter7 at  my ,lord ,maior's table3 
yet it is nothing but a long cod3       
whereof the  greater sised is called    
,organe ,ling1 and the other ,codling1  
because  it is no longer then a ,cod1   
and yet hath the taste of ,ling3 whilst 
it  is new it is called green-fish3 when
 it is salted it is called ,ling1       
perhaps of lying1 because the longer it 
lyeth 444 the better it is1  waxing in  
the end as yellow as a gold noble1 at   

which time they are  worth a noble a    
piece4--,muffett1 pp4 #aed-e1 quoted in 
the ,babees ,book1  ed4 ,furnivall4     
,e#cgj ,the following prices of various 
articles in ,suffolk will be            
interesting3--#aeff4 ,a lode of straw   
,,iiiis4--#aehb4 ,a capon ,,vid42 a     
calfe ,vs42 a firkin of butter ,,viis4  
,,viid42 a capon and a pullet  ,,vid42 a
 cocke 7to fight7 ,,iiiid4 7#e cockes   
bought to fight72 a  pullett ,,iiid4 #e 
pullets1 #e capons1 #e cockes1 #a calfe1
 were provided  on the reckninge day and
 these are allowed in the               
,churchwardens'  accompte to be paide by
 them4--#aeij4 ,to ,coke for ,,iiii     
combes of w otes  whh he served to the  
,quene ,,vis4 ,,viiid42 #ad rod of      
ditching cost  ,vs4 ,,iiiid4--#aeif4    
,makinge a surplis for the church was   
,,iid42 a  payer of hoose was ,,xiid4   
another ,,xiiid42 makyng this boke of   
accts  7a single sheet written on two   
sides7 ,,vid4--#aeii4 ,three days work  
ditchynge #bs42 a hard day's work was   

therefore #h;d4 per day1 and  a usual   
day's #d;d4 or #f;d42 three days        
thatchinge 7,thos4 ,garrarde7  ,,iis4   
,,iiiid42 wode was ,,iis4 the           
lode4--#aehg or #h4 ,a capon vid42  a   
calfe vs42 a firkin of butter viis4     
viiid42 two capons and one  pullett     
vid42 a cocke iiiid42 one cocke and one 
pullett vid42  one pullett iiid4--#aehc 
,no4 #e4 ,one short spurred cocke iid42 
one  chycken iid42 one hene iid4--#aehc 
,no4 #d4 ,fower combes and too  bushell 
of ottes at ivs4 ivd4 the combe2 thre   
henes att thre pence  a pece2 bowes and 
arrowes ,,iiiid42 ten milch kine #cjs4  
each2 seven  bullocks #gs4 each2 six    
calves #es4 each2 six horses together   
#g2 one  acre of wheat1 xxs42 one acre  
of ,bullimong land #ccs4 #d;d42 a new   
carte #aa2 a porkling #bh;d4            
,increased facilities of communication1 
and the numerous means that  farmers now
 possess1 through the press1 of         
obtaining information as to  prices of  
produce1 etc41 render riding about      

almost unnecessary4    ,e#cga ,tusser   
again sets out the advantages of ready  
money  transactions1 and of keeping     
touch1 that is1 punctuality and faithful
  regard to engagements4 ,he buys at    
first hand who pays ready money from    
his own pocket2 at second hand who pays 
ready money1 but who1 in order  to      
enable him to do so1 has to borrow a    
portion of the amount1 because  he has  
not so much money as he requires with   
him2 at third hand who  buys on credit4 
,e#cgb ,stourbridge or ,sturbich1 the   
name of a common field extending        
between ,chesterton and ,cambridge1 near
 the little brook ,sture1 for  about    
half a mile square1 is noted for its    
fair which is kept annually  on         
,september #aith1 and continues a       
fortnight4 ,it is surpassed by few      
fairs in ,great ,britain1 or even in    
,europe1 for traffic1 though of late  it
 is much lessened4 ,the booths are      
placed in rows like streets1 by the     
names of which they are called1 as      

,cheapside1 etc41 and are filled  with  
all sorts of trades4 ,the ,duddery1 an  
area of #hj or #ajj yards  square1      
resembles ,blackwell ,hall4 ,large      
commissions are negotiated here  for all
 parts of ,england in cheese1 woolen    
goods1 wool1 leather1 hops1             
upholsterers' and ironmongers' ware1    
etc41 etc4 ,sometimes #ej hackney       
coaches from ,london1 ply morning and   
night1 to and from ,cambridge1  as well 
as all the towns around1 and the very   
barns and stables are  turned into inns 
for the accommodation of the poorer     
people4 ,after the  wholesale business  
is over1 the country gentry generally   
flock in1  laying out their money in    
stage-plays1 taverns1 music-houses1     
toys1  puppet-shows1 etc41 and the whole
 concludes with a day for the sale  of  
horses4 ,this fair is under the         
jurisdiction of the ,university of      
,cambridge4--,walker's ,gazetteer1 ed4  
#ahja4 ,see also index to ,brand's      
,antiquities4    ,camden says it was    

anciently called ,steresbrigg1 from the 
little  river ,stere or ,sture that runs
 by it 7in his ,britannia1 under        
,cambridgeshire74 ,there have been many 
guesses at the name and origin  of this 
fair1 e4g4 that of ,fuller in his       
,history of the ,university1  p4 #ff1   
concerning the clothier of ,kendal4 ,the
 truth of the matter is  this3 ,king    
,john granted ,sturbridge fair for the  
benefit of the hospital  of lepers which
 stood there 7v4 decretum ,hubert4      
,arch4 ,cantuar4 in  ,concil4 ,londinen4
 ,an4 #abjj4 ,regn4 ,johann42 ,spelman1 
ii4 #abg73 in  the certificatorium we   
are told that the keeper of the hospital
 holds  twenty-four and a half acres of 
land in the county of ,cambridgeshire to
  maintain these lepers4 ,the ,vice     
,chancellor has the same power in this  
fair that he has in the town of         
,cambridge4 ,the ,university is always  
to have ground assigned for a booth by  
the mayor4 ,midsummer ,fair was  granted
 to the ,prior and ,convent of          

,barnwell1 for much the same reason     
that ,sturbridge was to the ,lepers1--ad
 eorum sustentationem4 ,in the  reign of
 ,henry the ,sixth the ,nuns of ,st4    
,radegund had the grant of  ,garlick    
,fair for the same reason4              
,sturbridge ,fair was formerly          
proclaimed by both the ,corporation and 
the ,university authorities4 ,originally
 lasting six weeks1 in #aghe it  lasted 
only three weeks1 and now it lasts but  
one week4 ,a very amusing  account of   
its proclamation by the ,vice           
,chancellor will be found in  ,gunning's
 ',reminiscences of ,cambridge4'--,s4   
,n4 in ,notes and ,queries1  ,aug4 #be1 
#ahgg4    ,when th' fair is done1 ,i to 
the ,colledg come1  ,or else ,i drinke  
with them at ,trompington1  ,craving    
their more acquaintance with my heart1  
,till our next ,sturbridg ,fair2 and so 
wee part4    --,brathwaite's ,honest    
,ghost1 #afeh1 p4 #ahi4    ,e#cgc ,when 
it the malt hath gone1 or beene turned1 
so long #ba  days vpon the floore1 they 

carrie it to a kill1 couered with haire 
cloth1 where they giue it gentle heats  
7after they haue spread it  there verie 
thin abroad7 till it be drie1 and in the
 meane while  they turne it often1 that 
it may be vniformelie dried4--,harrison1
  ,description of ,england1 ed4 ,f4 ,j4 
,furnivall1 ,part ,i4 p4 #aef4    ,e#cgd
 ,cf4 ,september's ,husbandry1 ch4 #af  
st4 #a4    ,e#cge ,one part in ten is   
far below the present average value of  
land4  ,if the whole produce will clear 
four rents1 the industrious farmer      
would have no reason to complain1 though
 he is now subject to heavy  taxes1     
which1 it is to be remarked are not     
included in the list of  outgoings4--,m4
    ,e#cgf ,well fare the plough4 ,on a 
flyleaf of a ,,ms4 of ,piers ,plowman   
7,,ms4 ,r4 #c1 #ad1 in ,trinity ,coll4  
,camb47 is written1    ,god spede the   
plou   sende vs korne ,i-now4    ,see   
print in beginning of ,wright's ed4 of  
,piers ,plowman4    ,e#cgg ,the advice  
given in this short piece1 the most     

difficult1  perhaps1 that ,tusser had   
written1 is very good1 but he has       
strained  alliteration to an extravagant
 pitch4    ,e#cgh ,in the reign of      
,elizabeth an ,act was passed1 requiring
 a seven  years' apprenticeship to      
enable a person to set up in business or
  trade2 and hence the idea arose of    
dividing human life into periods of     
seven years4--,m4 ,the idea is much     
older2 for1 in ,arnold's ,chronicle     
7edition #ahaa71 page #aeg1 we          
find3--,the vij ,ages of ,m liuing  the 
,world4 ,the furst age is infance and   
lastith from ye byrth vnto vij yere  of 
age4 ,the ij is childhod and endurith   
vnto xv yere age4 ,the iij age  is      
adholocencye and endurith vnto xxv yere 
age4 ,the iiij age is youth  and        
endurith vnto xxxv yere age4 ,the v age 
is manhod and endurith vnto  l yere age4
 ,the vj age is elde and lasteth vnto   
lxx yere age4 ,the vij  age of m is     
crepill and endurith vnto dethe4    ,see
 ,prompt4 ,parv4 p4 #g1 for another     

version of the above1 the limits        
assigned to the several stages being    
different1 and the seventh stage        
beginning at the resurrection4    ,e#cgi
 ,foxe1 ,ape with his toieng1 etc4 ,dr4 
,mavor's edition reads1  ,for ,ape with 
his toieng1 etc4    ,e#chj ,the tone    
from the tother2 the tone  that one1 the
 tother   that other2 where the t is the
 sign of the neuter gender1 as in       
tha-t1 i-t2 compare the ,latin d in i-d1
 quo-d1 illu-d4--,in  ch4 #aaj1 p4 #bja1
 we have the curious forms thon and     
thother4    ,e#cha ,to him and to hur1  
that is1 to every one1 or to any one4   
,cf4  #id4 #c1 and    ,the white lambe  
at hurte was with the spere  ,flemere of
 feendes out of hym and here4           
--,chaucer1 ,man of ,law's ,tale1 l4    
#dfj1 ,six-,text ed4    ,e#chb ,daieth  
dayeth1 that is1 appoints a day on which
 he  promises to pay4    ,gervase       
,markham1 in the ,first ,part of the    
,english ,husbandman1 ch4 #f1           
remarks3--,you may by these usuall      

observations1 and the helpe of a  better
 judgement1 imploy the fruits of your   
labours to the best profit1  and sell   
everything at the highest price1 except 
you take upon you to  give day and sell 
upon trust1 which if you doe1 you may   
then sell at  what unconscionable       
reckoning you will4 ,cf4    ,when       
drapers draw no gaines by giving day4   
--,gascoigne1 ,the ,steel ,glass1 #ajid4
    ,e#chc ,by that and by this2 that   
is1 by anything1 or by chance4  ,compare
 stanza #f1 and chap4 #fg1 stanza #e1 p4
 #aec4    ,e#chd ,a tode with an ,r is  
an elegant euphemism for torde2 the     
meaning being that a bad husbandman is  
more likely to receive insults  and     
refusals1 than compliance with his      
requests4 ,compare ,wycliffe's          
translation of ,luke xiii4 #h1 as given 
at p4 #cfe of ,dr4 ,bosworth's edit4  of
 the ,gothic and ,anglo-,saxon ,gospels1
 with the ,versions of ,wycliffe  and   
,tyndale1 ,london1 #ahfe4    ,e#che     
,experience should seeme to proue       

playnely1 that ,inclosures  should be   
profitable and not hurtfull to the      
common weale2 for we see  the countryes 
where most ,inclosiers be1 are most     
wealthy1 as ,essex1  ,kent1             
,northamptonshyre1 etc4 ,and ,i have    
hearde a ,ciuilian once say1  that it   
was taken for a ,maxime in his lawe     
7this saying71 'that which  is possessed
 of many in common1 is neglected of     
all2' and experience  sheweth that      
,tenaunts in common be not so good      
husbandes1 as when euery  man hath his  
parte in seueralty2 also1 ,i have heard 
say1 that in the  most countreyes       
beyonde the ,sea1 they knowe not what a 
common grounde  meaneth4--,stafford's   
,examination of ,complaints1 ,new       
,shakspere ,soc41  ed4 ,furnivall1 p4   
#dj4    ,e#chf ,fitzherbert shows how a 
township that is worth twenty marks     
a-year may be made worth #bj1 and the   
ground-work of his plan is to  enclose  
the land4 ,by enclosing1 he says1 a     
farmer shall save meat1  drink1 and     

wages of a shepherd2 the wages of the   
swineherd1 the which  may fortune to be 
as chargeable as his whole rent2 and    
also his corn  shall be better saved    
from eating or destroying by cattle4    
,e#chg ,harman1 #aefg 7,e4 ,e4 ,text    
,soc41 ed4 ,furnivall1 p4 #hb71 speaks  
of  lewtering lusks and lazy lorrels1   
and in ,pierce ,plowman's ,crede  we    
find in line #gej1 lordes sones lowly to
 o losells aloute1 and  in l4 #gee1 and 
leue swiche lorels for her lowe         
wordes4--,see ,note  in ,prompt4 ,parv4 
s4v4 ,lorel4 ,levins 7,manip4 ,vocab4   
#aegj7 translates  lorel by nebulo1     
scurra4    ,e#chh ,courts for presenting
 nuisances are generally the greatest   
nuisances themselves4 ,under the        
semblance of justice1 they often retard 
its execution4 ,the members1 or jury who
 compose them1 do not want the  power1  
but they want the independence to act   
right4--,m4    ,e#chi ,in ,bridewell a  
number be stript1 etc4 ,although all the
  editions ,i have been able to examine 

read lesse worthie than theefe  to be   
whipt1 ,i suspect the correct reading to
 be lesse worthie than  theese to be    
whipt4 ,the mistake might easily occur  
through the  similarity of the old s and
 f4 ,the meaning1 as the lines read at  
present1 is not very clear1 but if we   
adopt the suggested reading1 the  sense 
becomes at once apparent3--,in          
,bridewell many are stripped for        
flogging who do not deserve it so much  
as these4    ,e#cij ,take them  arrest  
them4    ,e#cia ,mo1 lit4  more2 but    
also used in the sense of others4 ,this 
use of mo is not common1 but there are a
 few examples of it4 ,thus in           
,specimens of ,english1 ed4 ,morris and 
,skeat1 we have at p4 #dg1 l4 #ea1      
',y sike for vnsete  ,ant mourne ase men
 do mo4'    i4e4 ',i sigh for unrest1   
and mourn as other men do4' ,and on the 
next page 7#dh1 l4 #bb7 we have         
',mody mene so do mo1  ,ichot ycham on  
of o1'    i4e4 ',the moody moan as      
others do2 ,i wot ,i am one of them4'   

,somewhat similar is the expression oer 
mo1 where we should now say  others as  
well1 ,piers ,plowman1 ,c4 ,text1       
,passus v4 #aj4--,rev4 ,w4  ,skeat1 in  
note to l4 #ajci of ,chaucer1 ,clerke's 
,tale1 ,clarendon ,press  ,series4 ,mo  
is also used in the same sense in #fg1  
#aa1 p4 #aed4    ,e#cib ,verlets1       
originally a servant to a knight1 below 
page or  squire1 though often used in   
,french ,romance as equivalent to a     
squire4  ,pages1 varlets1 ou damoiseaux3
 noms quelquefois communs aux           
ecuyers4--,cotgrave4 ,ducange 7,gloss4  
,m4 et ,i4 ,lat47 has3 ,valeti  valecti 
appellati vulgo magnatum filii1 qui     
necdum militare cingulum  consecuti     
erant3 vassallorum filii vassaleti      
dicti4 ,levins 7,manip4  ,vocab47 says3 
,varlett1 verna4 ,see ,wedgwood1 ,dict4 
,eng4 ,etymology1  s4v4 ,valet4         
,e#cic ,ruleth the roste2 to rule the   
roast is to preside at the  board1 to   
assign what share one pleases to the    
guests2 hence it came  to mean to       

domineer1 in which sense it is commonly 
used in our old  authors4 ,see ,nares1  
s4v4    ,e#cid ,with this description of
 an envious neighbour compare           
,langland's  picture of ,invidia 7,envy7
 in ,piers ,plowman1 ,b4 ,text1 ,e4 ,e4 
,text ,soc41  ed4 ,skeat1 ,passus v4 l4 
#gf4    ,e#cie ,his hatred procureth1   
etc41 his hatred takes pains to bring   
bad to worse1 his friendship is like    
that of ,judas who1 etc41 i4e4 is       
selfish4    ,e#cif ,his lips out of     
frame1 i4e4 are out of order1 are not   
kept  in order4 ,cf4 the expression     
loose in the haft4    ,e#cig ,spials2 so
 ,spenser1 ,faery ,queene1 i4 #d3       
,and privie spials plast in all his way1
    ,levins 7,manip4 ,vocab47 has       
,spyall1 arbiter4    ,e#cih ,would'st   
thou not be glad to have the niggardly  
rascally  sheepbiter come by some       
notable shame4--,shakspere1 ,twelfth    
,night1  ,act ii4 sc4 #e4    ,who is in 
this closet8 let me see 7breaks it      
open74 ,oh1  sheepbiter1 are you        

here8--,shadwell1 ,bury ,fair1 #afhi4   
,e#cii ,coxcombe3 see ,cotgrave1 s4v4   
,effemin1 ,enfourner1 ,fol1  ,lambui4   
,e#djj ,davus is the common name in     
,terence for the cunning1 plotting      
servant4    ,e#dja ,thersites1 the      
ugliest and most scurrilous of the      
,greeks before  ,troy4 ,he spared in his
 revilings neither prince nor chief1 but
 directed  his abuse especially against 
,achilles and ,ulysses4 ,the name is    
often  used to denote a calumniator4    
,cf4    ,when rank ,thersites opes his  
mastiff jaws1  ,we shall hear music1    
wit1 and oracle4    --,shakspere1       
,troilus and ,cressida1 ,act i4 sc4 #c4 
,e#djb ,shall swell like a tode4 ,cf4   
#fe1 #f4    ,e#djc ,to hold a candle to 
the devil is to assist in a bad cause or
 an  evil matter4--,ray4 ,hazlitt       
7,english ,proverbs1 p4 #djg7 gives     
',tis good  sometimes to hold a candle  
to the devil4 ,thus we find an anonymous
  correspondent writing to ,john        
,paston3 for howr ,lords love1 goo      

tharow  with ,wyll ,weseter1 and also   
plese ,chrewys as ye thynke in yow hert 
best for to do2 for it is a comon       
proverbe1 ',a man must sumtyme set a    
candel befor the ,devyle2' and therfor  
thow it be not alder most mede  and     
profytabyl1 yet of ij harmys the leste  
is to be take4--,paston  ,letters1 ed4  
,gairdner1 ii4 #gc4    ,e#djd ,at       
,canterbury is a representation of      
,master ,shorne holding up  his hand in 
a threatening attitude at the ,devil1   
who is in a boot4    ,e#dje ,false birds
 can fetch the wind2 an expression taken
 from  hawking4 ,to fetch the wind1 to  
take the wind 7,bacon71 and to have  the
 wind are various forms of the same     
expression1 the meaning of  which is to 
gain or take an advantage4 ,we still use
 the expression to  get to windward of  
another1 meaning to get the better or   
advantage of  him4 ,mavor reads1 false  
words can fetch the wind1 i4e4 slander  
will spread as though borne on the wind4
 ,i do not1 however1 know on  what      

authority he has adopted this reading1  
as the text of #aegg gives  birds4      
,e#djf ,the following poem on ,evil     
,tongues is from a ,,ms4 of the #aeth   
century1 edited for the ,percy ,soc4 by 
the late ,mr4 ,t4 ,wright1 #ahdg3       
,a man that con his tong stere1         
,he ther not rek wer that he go4        
,ittes knowyn in every schyre1  ,wekyd  
tongges have no pere2  ,i wold thei wer 
brent in the fer1          ,that warke  
men soo mykyll wo4    ,ittes knowyn in  
every lond1  ,wekyd tongges don gret    
wrong1  ,thei make me to lyyn long1     
,and also in myche car4    yf a man go  
in clothes gay1  ,or elles in gud aray1 
,wekyd tongges yet wyl say1             
,wer cam the by therto8    yf a man go  
in cloys ill1  ,and have not the world  
at wyl1  ,wekyd tongges thei wyll hym   
spyll1          ,and seyd he ys a stake1
 lat hym goo4    ,now us to amend ,god  
yeve us grace1  ,of repentens and of gud
 grace1  ,that we mut se hys glorius    
face4          ,amen1 ,amen1 for        

charyte4    ,e#djg ,there is a          
smoothness in the versification of this 
sonnet1  and a succession of imagery1   
though drawn from common sources1 which 
we do not often find in ,tusser4 ,he has
 made a good use of the figure          
erotesis4--,m4 ,compare ,milton1        
,lycidas1 #de3    ,as killing as the    
canker to the rose1  ,or taint-worm to  
the weanling herds that graze4    ,e#djh
 ,janus1 an old ,italian deity1 the god 
of the sun and the year1 to  whom the   
month of ,january was dedicated4        
,e#dji ,ver  ,spring1 stas  ,summer1    
,hyems  ,winter4    ,e#daj ,delaide2 so 
in ,spenser1 ,faery ,queene1 ix4 #cj4   
,but to delay  the heat1 and in         
,prothalamium #c3             ,zephyrus 
did softly play  ,a gentle spirit1 that 
lightly did delay  ,hot ,titan's beames4
    ,e#daa ,alluding to the thirteen    
revolutions of the moon in the year4    
,e#dab ,it appears from the ,books of   
the ,stationers' ,company1 on the       
authority of ,warton 7,hist4 of ,eng4   

,poetry1 vol4 iii4 p4 #dbh7 that  a     
licence was granted to ,t4 ,hackett1 in 
the year #aefb1 to print ,a  ,dialogue  
of ,wyvynge and ,thryvynge of ,tusshers 
with ij lessons for olde  and yonge4    
,e#dac ,bolted out1 a term taken from   
the language and usage of  millers1 who 
use the word to bolt of the separation  
of the bran from  the flour4 ,cf4       
,chaucer1 ,nonnes ,prior's ,tale1 #dae3 
,but yit ,i can not bult it to the bren4
    ,and ,spenser1 ,faery ,queene1 iv4  
#bd3    ,he now had boulted all the     
floure4    ,time and nature will bolt   
out the truth of things4--,d',estrange4 
,to boulte out the truth in reasoning1  
limare veritatem in                     
disceptatione4--,baret's ,alvearie4 ,a  
,bolting ,cloth is the name in          
,lincolnshire for a cloth used for      
sifting meal in mills4 ,see ,peacock's  
,glossary1 s4v4 ,there was a term       
boultings or boltings1 used of  private 
arguings of cases in some of the ,inns  
of ,court4 ,boulter1 a  sifter4--,coles'

 ,dict4 #afgf4    ,e#dad ,could the way 
to thriue4 ,could is here used in its   
old sense  of knew1 or understood4      
,a4,s4 cunnan1 to know2 ic can1 ,i know2
  ic cue1 ,i knew4    ,e#dae ,to stay   
himselfe in some good plot1 etc42       
compare #aj4 #h4    ,e#daf ,of this and 
that2 cf4 #fb4 #aj4    ,e#dag ,the      
blacke oxe neare trod on thy fut3 a     
proverbial expression1  meaning1 you    
have experienced misfortune close at    
home4    ,in ,peacock's ,glossary of    
,manley1 etc4 7,e4 ,d4 ,soc4 #ahgg71 we 
have3  ,the ,black ,bull's trodden on   
him2 that is1 he is in a very bad       
temper4 ,and the following passage from 
,bernard's ,terence is quoted3          
,prosperitie hangs on his sleeue2 the   
black oxe cannot tread on his  foot4    
,venus waxeth old2 and then she was a   
pretie wench1 when ,juno was a  young   
wife2 now crowes foote is on her eye1   
and the black oxe hath  trod on her     
foot4--,lyly's ,sapho and ,phao1 #aehd1 
ed4 #aheh1 i4 #aii4    ,mr4 ,george     

,vere ,irving 7,notes and ,queries1 #crd
 ,ser4 xii4 #dhh7 remarks  that this    
expression is at this day frequently    
used in ,scotland in  reference to a    
person who has experienced misfortune4  
,see ,hazlitt's  ,eng4 ,proverbs1 p4    
#cei4    ,e#dah ,it is too much we      
dailie heare1 etc4 ,this proverbial     
expression occurs in the ,townley       
,mysteries1 p4 #hf1 as--    ,a man may  
not wive1  ,and also thrive1    ,and all
 in one year4    ,e#dai ,as mo have bin2
 compare note ,e#cia4    ,e#dbj ,the    
good wiues husband weares no breech4 ,so
 in a song in the  ,,ms4 of the #aeth   
cent4 quoted above1 the heading of which
 is        ,nova1 ,nova1 sawe yow ever  
such1  ,the moste mayster of the hows   
weryth no brych4    ,the burden of the  
song being    ,lest the most mayster wer
 no brych4    ,e#dba ,the same reply is 
attributed to ,thales4 ,see his life in 
,diogenes  ,laertius1 ,bk4 i4 #bf4      
,e#dbb    ,yyng men1 ,i red that ye be  
war1  ,that ye cum not in the snar2     

,for he is browt in meche car1          
,that have a shrow onto his wyfe4    ,in
 a panter ,i am caute1  ,my fot his     
pennyd1 ,i may not owt2  ,in sorow and  
car he his put1       ,that have1 etc4  
,with a qwene yif that thou run1  ,anon 
it is told into the town2  ,sorow he    
hath both up and down1       ,that have1
 etc4    --,song in ,,ms4 of #aeth      
century quoted above4    ,feareth me1   
that is1 it frightens me1 ,i fear1 as in
 me liketh  it  pleases me1 ,i like4    
,e#dbc ,as good a shrew is as a sheepe1 
etc4 ,this proverb appears in  ,epistol 
,hoelian1 ed4 #aged1 p4 #agg1 in a      
letter dated #eth ,february1  #afbe-f1  
as ,it is better to marry a shrew than a
 sheep4 ,in ,taylor's  ,pastorall1      
#afbd1 we have ,a shrew is better than a
 sheep4    ,e#dbd ,william1 the first   
,lord ,paget1 and the patron of ,tusser1
 married  ,anne1 daughter of ,mr4       
,prestin1 of the ,county of ,lancaster2 
and to her  it is most probable the     
,book of ,huswifery was dedicated1 and  

not to  ,margaret1 the daughter of ,sir 
,h4 ,newton1 and lady of ,thomas1 ,lord 
,paget4    ,e#dbe ,by their fruits ye   
shall know them1 do men gather grapes of
  thorns or figs of thistles8    ,e#dbf 
,the rime in the last two lines is most 
remarkable2 apparently  thriue is       
pronounced threev1 as ,mr4 ,ellis       
contends4    ,e#dbg ,from the last two  
lines of this stanza it would appear    
that  ,tusser was a widower at the time 
when he wrote this ,address to the      
,reader1 or at least when he first wrote
 on the subject of ,huswifery4    ,e#dbh
 ,a description of ,huswife1 etc4 ,this 
antithetical description  seems to have 
been introduced1 in order that it might 
correspond with  the description of     
,husbandry1 chapter #h1 p4 #af4--,m4    
,e#dbi ,according to ,fitzherbert1 the  
farmers' wives must have been  patterns 
of diligence and industry1 and a variety
 of duties devolved  upon them which    
have since ceased to be required1 or    
have fallen  with more propriety upon   

the other sex4 ,they had to measure out 
the quantity of corn to be ground1 and  
see that it was sent to the  miller4    
,the poultry1 swine1 and cows were under
 their charge2 and they  superintended  
the brewing and baking4 ,the garden was 
peculiarly the  care of the farmer's    
wife4 ,she had to depend upon it for    
various herbs  which are no longer in   
use1 but which could not be dispensed   
with when  spices were rare and costly4 
,besides pot-herbs1 strewing-herbs were 
required for the chambers1 and herbs    
possessing medical virtues4 ,the  list  
of fruits at this date was confined to a
 few of indigenous growth1  which were  
but little improved by skill and        
management4 ,tusser directs  his        
housewife to transplant into her garden 
wild strawberries from the  woods4 ,all 
the writers on rural economy during this
 period recommend  the farmer's wife    
carefully to attend to her crop of flax 
and hemp4  ,when1 however1 ,fitzherbert 
asserts that it is a wife's duty to     

winnow  all manner of corn1 to make     
malt1 to wash1 and to make hay1 shear   
corn1 and1 in time of need1 help her    
husband to fill the muck-wain or        
dung-cart1 drive the plough1 to load    
hay1 corn1 and such other1 to go  to    
market and sell butter or pigs1 fowls or
 corn1 it is to be presumed  that he had
 in his view the smallest class of      
yeomen1 who had no hired  servants4     
,e#dcj ,reason their cace1 that is1     
gossip and argue over their             
circumstances4    ,e#dca ,home is home1 
be it never so ill4 ,ballad licensed in 
#aefi-gj4  ,clarke 7,parm4 #afci1 p4    
#aja7 has with us1 home is home1 be it  
never so  homely4 ,on the other hand1   
,heywood1 in his ,epigrams1 #aefb1 says3
    ,home is homely1 yea1 and to homely 
sometyme1  ,where wives' footestooles to
 their husbandes' heads clime4    ,e#dcb
 ,familie  household4 ,compare chap4 #i1
 st4 #ab4    ,e#dcc ,maides1 three a    
clock1 etc4 ,compare ,romeo and ,juliet1
 ,act iv4  sc4 #d1 #c--                 

,the second cock hath crow'd1  ,the     
curfew bell hath rung1 'tis three       
o'clock4    ,e#dcd ,lay your bucks1 i4e4
 get ready the washing tubs4  ,compare3 
,throw foul linen upon him as if it were
 going to  bucking4--,shakspere1 ,merry 
,wives of ,wind41 ,act iii4 sc4 #c4     
,buck-basket1 the basket in which linen 
is carried to the wash4  ,bouck-fatt1 a 
washing tub4--,upton ,inventories1 p4   
#bh4 ,cf4 ,and  for ,i can so wele      
wasche and so wele bowke1 ,godde has    
made me  his chaumberere4--,the         
,pilgrimage of the ,life of the         
,manhode1 f4  #ba;b41 ,,ms4 in ,libr4 of
 ,st4 ,john's ,coll4 ,camb4 ',i bucke   
lynen  clothes to scoure of their fylthe
 and make them whyte1 ,ie bue4  ,bucke  
these shyrtes1 for they be to foule to  
be wasshed by hande1  buez ces chemises1
 car elles sont trop sallies de les     
lauer a  sauon4'--,palsgrave4 ',bue1 lie
 wherwith clothes are scowred2 also  a  
buck of clothes2 ,buer1 to wash a buck1 
to scowre with lie2  ,buandiere f41 a   

laundresse1 or buck-washer4'--,cotgrave4
 ,to buck  is to cleanse clothes by     
steeping them in lye3 see ,buck in      
,webster1  ,nares1 ,wedgwood1           
etc4--,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat1 note to ,p4 
,plowman1 ,b4 ,text1  xiv4 #ai4         
,e#dce ,the hours of meals varied at    
different dates4 ,in the ,myrour  of    
,our ,lady1 ed4 ,blunt1 p4 #ae1 we read3
 ,at houre of tyerse #i a4m4  labourers 
desyre to haue theyr dyner4    ,in      
,chambers's ,book of ,days1 i4 #if1 we  
read that ,gervase ,markham1 in  #afec1 
makes the ploughman have three meals1   
viz4 breakfast at #f a4m41  dinner at   
half-past #c p4m41 and supper at #f p4m4
 ,see also note ,e#ddd4    ,e#dcf ,in   
the ,library of ,caius ,coll4 ,camb4 is 
a volume of ,tracts1 ,no4  #bhf1 one of 
which1 published in #aeee1 ,an ,account 
of the ,cruelties of  the ,king of      
,spain1 has as its motto3 ,beware of    
,had ,i wiste4 ,this is  also the title 
of a poem in the ,paradyce of ,daynty   
,deuyses1 #aegh4 ,it is  quoted by ,sir 

,simon ,d',ewes 7,diary1 etc41 ii4      
#cff73    ,telle neuere the more thoug  
thou myche heere1  ,and euere be waare  
of had-y-wist4    --,babees ,book1 ed4  
,furnivall1 p4 #bfd1 l4 #gb4    ,e#dcg  
,see note ,e#eb4    ,e#dch    ,beware   
that ye geue no persone palled drynke1  
for feere  ,hit mygtt brynge many a man 
in disese durynge many a yere4          
--,john ,russell's ,boke of ,norture1 in
 ,babees ,book1 p4 #ac4    ,sowre ale1  
and dead ale1 and ale the whiche doth   
stande a tylte is  good for no          
man4--,andrew ,boorde1 ,regimen of      
,health4    ,of ale and beer1 as well as
 of wine1 we find various kinds         
mentioned4  ,there were single beer1 or 
small ale1 which could do little more   
than  quench thirst1--and double beer1  
which was recommended as containing a   
double quantity of malt and hops1--and  
double-double beer1 which was  twice as 
strong as that1--and dagger-ale1 which1 
as the name implies1  was reckoned      
particularly sharp and dangerous1--and  

bracket1 a kind  of ale which we are    
unable distinctly to describe4 ,but the 
favourite  drink1 as well as the chief  
article of vulgar debauch1 was a kind of
  ale commonly called huffcap1 but which
 was also termed 'mad dog1'  'angel's   
food1' 'dragon's milk1' and other such  
ridiculous names1 by  the frequenters of
 ale-houses3 'and never1' says          
,harrison1 'did ,romulus  and ,remus    
suck their she-wolf with such eager and 
sharp devotion as  these men hale at    
huffcap1 till they be as red as cocks1  
and little  wiser than their combs4'    
,the higher classes1 who were able to   
afford  such a luxury1 brewed a generous
 liquor for their own consumption1      
which they did not bring to the table   
till it was two years old4 ,this  was   
called ,march ale1 from the month in    
which it was brewed4 ,but the  servants 
had to content themselves with a more   
simple beverage that  was seldom more   
than a month old4 ,a cup of choice ale  
was often as  richly compounded with    

dainties as the finest wines4 ,sometimes
 it was  warmed1 and qualified with     
sugar and spices2 sometimes with a      
toast2  often with a roasted crab or    
apple1 making the beverage still known  
under the name of ,lambs'-wool2 while to
 stir the whole composition with  a     
sprig of rosemary1 was supposed to give 
it an additional flavour4  ,the drinks  
made from fruit were chiefly cider1     
perry1 and mum4 ,those  that had        
formerly been made from honey seem to   
have fallen into disuse  in consequence 
of the general taste for stronger       
potations2 metheglin  being now chiefly 
confined to the ,welsh4 ,a simple       
liquor1 however1  was still used in     
,essex1 called by ,harrison1 somewhat   
contemptuously1  'a swish-swash1' made  
of water with a little honey and spice1 
but  'as differing1' he says1 'from true
 metheglin as chalk doth from  cheese4' 
,he informs us1 moreover1 that already  
the tapsters of  ,england had learned to
 adulterate their ale and beer with     

pernicious  compounds4--,pict4 ,hist4 of
 ,england1 ii4 #hhc4    ,in the parish  
of ,hawsted1 ,suffolk1 the allowance of 
food to the  labourer in harvest was1   
two herrings per day1 milk from the     
manor  dairy to make cheese1 and a loaf 
of bread1 of which fifteen were made    
from a bushel of wheat4 ,messes of      
potage made their frequent appearance   
at the rustic board4--,knight1 ,pict4   
,hist4 of ,england1 i4 #hci4    ,e#dci  
,harrison gives an account 7pp4 #aec-d7 
of the following kinds of  bread made in
 ,england3 #a4 ,mainchet1 commonlie     
called white bread1 in  ,latine         
,primarius panis4 #b4 ,cheat or wheaton 
bread1 so named bicause  the colour     
therof resembleth the graie or yellowish
 wheat being  cleane and well dressed1  
and out of this is the coursest of the  
bran  7vsuallie called gurgeons or      
pollard7 taken4 ,the raueled is a kind  
of  cheat bread also1 but it reteineth  
more of the grosse1 and lesse of  the   
pure substance of the wheat4 #c4 ,brown 

bread1 of which there were  two kinds1  
viz4 7a7 of whole meal unsifted1 7b7    
pollard bread1  with a little rye meal1 
and called ,miscelin or ,meslin4 ,in    
champeigne  countries much rie and      
barleie bread is eaten1 but especiallie 
where  wheat is scant and geson4        
,e#ddj ,baies4 ,halliwell prints this   
word as baics in his  ,dictionary1      
defining it as chidings1 reproofs1 and  
giving as his  authority ,hunter's      
,additions to ,boucher4    ,e#dda       
,droie4 ,see ,note in ,prompt4 ,parv41  
s4v4 ,dryvylle and ,deye4  ,probably a  
corruption of droile2 a scullion1       
kitchen-boy1 or servant  of             
all-work4--,m4 ,droie also occurs in    
,stubbes' ,anatomie of ,abuses1 #aehc4  
,e#ddb ,in some places it the malt is   
dried at leisure with wood  alone1 or   
strawe alone1 in other with wood and    
strawe togither2 but  of all1 the strawe
 dried is the most excellent4 ,for the  
wood dried  malt when it is brued1      
beside that the drinke is higher of     

colour1  it dooth hurt and annoie the   
head of him that is not vsed thereto1   
bicause of the smoake4 ,such also as vse
 both indifferentlie1 doo  barke1 cleaue
 and drie their wrood in an ouen1       
thereby to remooue all  moisture that   
shuld procure the fume1 and this malt is
 in the second  place1 and with the same
 likewise1 that which is made with dried
 firze1  broome1 etc42 whereas1 if they 
also be occupied greene1 they are in    
maner so preiudiciall to the corne1 as  
is the moist wood4--,harrison1          
,description of ,england1 ed4 ,f4 ,j4   
,furnivall1 ,part ,i4 p4 #aeg4    ,e#ddc
 ,see ,note ,e#aaf4    ,e#ddd ,the      
husbandmen dine at high noone as they   
call it1 and sup at  seuen or           
eight4--,harrison1 ,part ,i4 p4 #aff4   
,e#dde ,though all the standard editions
 read chaps walking1 may it  not be a   
misprint for chaps wagging1 that is1    
mouths craving8--,m4    ,e#ddf ,enough  
is a plentie4 ,cf4 ,mesure is medcyne ou
 ow moche  erne4--,piers ,plowman1      

,passus i4 #ce4 ,but mesure is a meri   
mene1 ou  men moche erne4--,richard the 
,redeles1 ,e4,e4 ,text ,soc41 ed4       
,skeat1 ii4  #aci4 ,measure is          
treasure4--,dyce's ,skelton1 ii4 #bch1  
#bda4 ,enough is  as good as a          
feast4--,gascoigne's ,posies1 #aege4    
,e#ddg ,chippings4 ,the ,chippings of   
,trencher-brede in ,lord ,percy's       
household were used for the fedynge of  
my lords houndis4--,percy  ,household   
,book1 p4 #cec4 ,other ij pages 444 them
 oweth to chippe  bredde1 but too nye   
the crumme4--,household ,ordin4 pp4     
#ga-b4 ,in the  ,regimen ,sanitatis     
,salerni1 ed4 #afcd1 p4 #ga1 we are     
warned against  eating crusts1 because  
they ingender a dust cholor1 or         
melancholly  humours1 by reason that    
they bee burned and dry4    ,e#ddh ,call
 quarterly seruants to court and to     
leete1 that is1 call  to account4       
,e#ddi ,lurching1 cf4 footnote #a1 p4   
#fd4    ,e#dej ,bandog1 cf4 note ,e#ce4 
,e#dea ,guise4      ,for he was laid in 

white ,sheep's wool    ,new pulled from 
tanned ,fells2  ,and o'er his ,head     
hang'd ,spiders webs    ,as they had    
been ,bells4  ,is this the ,country     
,guise1 thought he8    ,then here ,i    
will not stay4    --,ballad1 ,k4 ,alfred
 and the ,shepherd4    ',tis thy        
,country ,guise1 ,i see1    ,to be thus 
bluntish still4    --,ibid4    ,the     
,norman guise was to walke and jet up   
and downe the  streets4--,lambert's     
,peramb4 of ,kent1 #ahbf1 p4 #cbj4      
,e#deb ,plough ,monday4 ,the ,monday    
next after ,twelfth-day1 when our       
,northern plow-men beg plow-money to    
drink2 and in some places if the        
plowman 7after that day's work7 come    
with his whip to the kitchin  hatch1 and
 cry 'cock in pot' before the maid says 
'cock on the  dung-hill1' he gains a    
cock on ,shrove-,tuesday4--,coles'      
,dict4 #agjh4  ,among the rural customs 
connected with the anniversary of       
,christmas  were those of               
,plough-,monday1 which fell on the first

 ,monday after  ,twelfth-day4 ,this was 
the holiday of the ploughmen1 who used  
to go  about from house to house begging
 for plough-money to drink4 ,in the     
northern counties1 where this practice  
was called the fool-plough 7a           
corruption perhaps of yule-plough71 a   
number of sword-dancers dragged  about a
 plough1 while one of the party1 called 
the ,bessey1 was dressed  for the       
occasion like an old woman2 and another1
 who was the fool of  the pageant1 was  
almost covered with skins1 and wore the 
tail of some  animal dangling down his  
back4 ,while the rest danced1 one of    
these odd  personages went among the    
spectators1 rattling a box1 and         
collecting  small donations2 and it is  
said that whosoever refused to pay had  
the  plough dragged to his door and the 
soil of his threshold ploughed          
up4--,pict4 ,hist4 of ,england1 ii4     
#hid4    ,e#dec ,the ,skreene was a     
wooden settee or settle1 with a high    
back  sufficient to screen the sitters  

from the outward air1 and was in the    
time of our ancestors an invariable     
article of furniture near all  kitchen  
fires1 and is still seen in the kitchens
 of many of our old  farm-houses in     
,cheshire4 ,the meaning of the two      
lines3    ,if ploughman get hatchet or  
whip to the skreene1  maides loseth     
their cock if no water be seene1    is1 
if the ploughman can get his whip1      
ploughstaff1 hatchet1 or  anything he   
wants in the field to the fireside      
7screen being here  equivalent to       
fireside7 before the maid has got her   
kettle on1 then  she loses her          
,shrove-tide cock1 which belongs wholly 
to the men4    ,e#ded ,shroftide4 ,the  
,hen is hung at a ,fellow's back who has
 also  some ,horse ,bells about him1 the
 rest of the ,fellows are blinded1 and  
have ,boughs in their ,hands1 with which
 they chase this ,fellow and his  ,hen  
about some large ,court or small        
,enclosure4 ,the ,fellow with his  ,hen 
and ,bells shifting as well as he can1  

they follow the sound1 and  sometimes   
hit him and his ,hen1 other times1 if he
 can get behind one  of them1 they      
thresh one another well favour'dly2 but 
the ,jest is1 the  ,maids are to blind  
the ,fellows1 which they do with their  
,aprons1 and  the cunning ,baggages will
 endear their ,sweet ,hearts with a     
peeping  hole1 while the others look out
 as sharp to hinder it4 ,after this the 
,hen is boil'd with ,bacon1 and store of
 ,pancakes and ,fritters are made4  ,she
 that is noted for lying a ,bed long or 
any other ,miscarriage1 hath  the first 
,pancake presented to her1 which most   
commonly falls to the  ,dog's share at  
last1 for no one will own it their      
due4--,t4,r4    ,let glad ,shrove       
,tuesday bring the pancake thin  ,or    
fritters rich with apples stored within4
    --,oxford ,sausage4    ,e#dee ,wake 
,day4 ,the ,wake-day is the day on which
 the ,parish ,church  was dedicated1    
called ,so1 because the ,night before   
it1 they were used  to watch till       

,morning in the ,church and feasted all 
the next day4  ,waking in the ,church   
was left off because of some abuses1 and
 we see  here it was converted to       
wakeing at the ,oven4--,t4,r4 ,similar  
to the  church-ales1 though of a still  
more ancient origin1 were the ,wakes4   
,it  had been the custom1 on the        
dedication of a church1 or the birth-day
  of a saint1 for the people to assemble
 on the night previous1 to hold  a      
religious vigil in the open air2 and1 as
 they remained all night  occupied in   
devotional exercises1 this practice was 
called a wake4  ,such a method of       
spending the night1 however1 soon gave  
place to very  different employments2   
and feasting1 riot1 and licentiousness  
became  the prevailing characteristics  
of these vigils4 ,these concourses1     
also1 from every neighbouring town and  
parish1 naturally suggested the         
expediency of improving such            
opportunities for the purposes of       
traffic2  and hence the wakes gradually 

became fairs1 which in some places they 
still continue to be4--,pict4 ,hist4 of 
,england1 ii4 #hig4    ,e#def ,flawnes2 
a kind of pancake was also so called4   
,nettleham  feast at ,easter is called  
the ,flown1 possibly from flauns having 
been formerly eaten at that period of   
the year3 but see ,babees ,book1  p4    
#agc1 where ,flawnes are stated to be   
,cheesecakes made of ground  cheese     
beaten up with eggs and sugar1 coloured 
with saffron1 and baked  in 'cofyns' or 
crusts4    ,bread an chese1 butere and  
milk1  ,pastees and flaunes4            
--,havelok1 ed4 ,skeat1 #fdd4           
,for flaunes4    ,take new chese and    
grynde hit fayre1  ,in morter with      
egges1 without dysware2  ,put powder    
erto of sugur1 ,i say1  ,coloure hit    
with safrone ful wele ou may2  ,put hit 
in cofyns at ben fayre1  ,and bake hit  
forthe1 ,i e pray4    --,liber ,cure    
,cocorum1 ed4 ,morris1 p4 #ci4    ,e#deg
 ,a goose used formerly to be given at  
harvest-home1 to those who  had not     

overturned a load of corn in carrying   
during harvest4--,m4    ,e#deh ,fyrmente
 is made of whete and mylke1 in the     
whiche1 yf flesshe  be soden1 to eate it
 is not commendable1 for it is harde of 
dygestyon2  but whan it is dygested it  
doth nowrysshe1 and it doth strength a  
man4--,andrew ,boorde's ,dyetary1 ,e4,e4
 ,text ,soc4 ed4 ,f4 ,j4 ,furnivall1 p4 
#bfc4 ,the following recipe for making  
,furmenty is from the ,liber ,cure      
,cocorum1 ed4 ,morris1 p4 #g3           
,furmente4    ,take wete1 and pyke pick 
hit fayre 7and clene7  ,and do hit in a 
morter shene2  ,bray hit a lytelle1 with
 water hit spryng sprinkle  ,tyl hit    
hulle1 with-oute lesyng4  en wyndo      
winnow hit wele1 nede ou mot2  ,wasshe  
hit fayre1 put hit in pot2  ,boyle hit  
tylle hit brest1 en  ,let hit doun1 as  
,i e kenne4  ,take now mylke1 and play  
hit up  ,to hit be thykkerede to sup4   
,lye hit up with yolkes of eyren eggs1  
,and kepe hit wele1 lest hit berne burn4
  ,coloure hit with safron and salt hit 

wele1  ,and servys hit forthe1 ,syr1 at 
e mele2  ,with sugur candy ou may hit   
dowce1  ,if hit be served in grete      
lordys howce4  ,take black sugur for    
mener menne2  ,be ware erwith1 for hit  
wylle brenne burn4    ,the following    
recipes for the manufacture of ,furmenty
 are given  in ,pegge's ,forme of ,cury1
 pp4 #ia and #aba3 #a4 ,for to make     
,furmenty1  ,nym ,take clene wete1 and  
bray it in a morter wel that the  holys 
hulls gon al of and seyt seethe yt til  
it breste and nym yt  up1 and lat it    
kele cool and nym fay re fresch broth   
and swete mylk  of ,almandys or swete   
mylk of kyne and temper yt al1 and nym  
the yolkys  of eyryn eggs1 boyl it a    
lityl and set yt adoun and messe yt     
forthe  wyth fast venyson and fresch    
moton4 #b4 ,for to make ,formenty on a  
,fische-day1 ,tak the mylk of the ,hasel
 ,notis1 boyl the wete wyth the         
aftermelk til it be dryyd1 and tak and  
colour yt wyth ,saffroun1 and  the ferst
 mylk cast therto and boyle wel and     

serve yt forth4 ,in ,mr4  ,peacock's    
,glossary of ,manley1 etc41 we have3    
,frumerty1 a preparation  of creed-wheat
 wheat simmered until tender with milk1 
currants1  raisins and spices in it4    
,e#dei ,to make ,aqua ,composita1 chap4 
#bbc3 ,take of ,sage1 ,hysope1          
,rosemarie1 ,mynt1 ,spike or ,lauender  
leaues1 ,marioram1 ,bay leaues1 of  each
 like much1 of all foure good handfulles
 to one galon of liquour4  ,take also of
 ,cloues1 ,mace1 ,nutmegs1 ,ginger1     
,cinnamon1 ,pepper1 ,graines1  of each a
 quarter of an ounce1 ,liquorice and    
,annise1 of each halfe a  pound3 beat   
the spices grosse not fine1 coarse1 and 
first wash the  herbes1 then breake them
 gently betweene your hands4 ,scrape off
 the  barke from the ,liquorice1 and cut
 it into thin slices1 and punne beat1   
pound the ,annise grosse1 then put      
altogether into a gallon or more of     
good ,ale or ,wine1 and let them steepe 
all night close couered in some  vessell
 of earth or wood1 and the next morning 

after distill them with  a ,limbecke or 
,serpentine4 ,but see that your fire be 
temperate1 and that  the head of your   
,limbecke be kept colde continually with
 fresh water1  and that the bottom of   
your ,limbecke bee fast luted with ,rye 
dough1  that so ,ayre issue out4 ,the   
best ,ale to make ,aqua ,composita of is
 to be  made of ,wheate malte1 and the  
next of cleane ,barley malte2 and the   
best  ,wine for that purpose is         
,sacke4--,cogan's ,haven of ,health1 ed4
 #afab1  pp4 #bbb-c4      ,e#dfj ,a     
,cockney1 the derivation of which word  
has been much disputed1  appears to me  
clearly to come from the verb to cocker1
 to cock1 by  contraction1 as in this   
passage4 ,a cockney1 therefore1 is one  
who  has been brought up effeminately1  
and spoilt by indulgence1 whether a     
native of the city or of the            
country4--,m4    ,the original meaning  
of cockney is a child too tenderly or   
delicately nurtured1 one kept in the    
house and not hardened by  out-of-doors 

life2 hence applied to citizens1 as     
opposed to the  hardier inhabitants of  
the country1 and in modern times        
confined  to the inhabitants of ,london4
 ,the ,promptorium ,parvulorum1 and the 
authorities cited in ,mr4 ,way's note1  
give ',coknay1 carifotus1  delicius1    
mammotrophus'2 ',to bring up like a     
cocknaye1 mignoter4'  ',delicias facere1
 to play the cockney4' ,cf4 ',puer in   
deliciis  matris nutritus1 ,anglice1 a  
cokenay4'--,halliwell4 ',cockney1       
niais1 mignot4'--,sherwood4 ,the ,fr4   
coqueliner1 to dandle1 cocker1  fedle1  
pamper1 make a wanton of a child1 leads 
us in the right  direction4--,wedgwood1 
,etymol4 ,dict4 ,a cockney1 a childe    
tenderly  brought up2 a dearling4       
,cockering1 mollis ilia educatio quam   
indulgentiam vocamus4--,baret's         
,alvearie1 #aehj4    ,e#dfa ,in chapter 
#fb of the ,first ,part of this work1 p4
 #aci1 we had a  comparison between good
 and bad husbandry1 and we are here     
presented  with a contrast between good 

and bad huswifery4    ,e#dfb ,compare   
,taming of the ,shrew1 ,act iv4 sc4 #c1 
#eg3    ,with scarfs and fans and double
 change of bravery4    ,e#dfc ,good     
huswiferie canteth4 ,the ed4 of #aegc   
reads franteth  the meaning of which is 
to be careful1 economical4    ,e#dfd    
,for boys the practice of music would be
 degrading1 except as a  profession2 and
 even for girls1 however fashionable it 
may be1 it is  generally worse than     
useless1 as it occupies that time which 
ought to  be devoted to much more       
important purposes4--,m4    ,e#dfe      
,least homelie breaker1 etc41 that is1  
lest an inexperienced  teacher ruin the 
mind of the pupil1 as an unpractised    
horse-breaker  will spoil a promising   
colt4    ,e#dff ,well a fine1 a phrase  
meaning to a good purpose1 a good       
result4    ,e#dfg ,cocking ,mams1 that  
is1 over-indulgent mothers4 ,a father to
  much cockering1 ,pater nimis          
indulgens4--,baret's ,alvearie1 #aehj4  
,see  ,note ,e#dfj4    ,e#dfh ,shifting 

,dads1 that is1 fathers who are         
constantly shifting  their children from
 one school to another4    ,e#dfi       
,assone as a passenger comes to an ,inne
 the ,host or ,hostesse  visit him2 and 
if he will eate with the ,host or at a  
common table with  others1 his meale    
will cost him sixe pence1 or in some    
places but foure  pence 7yet this course
 is lesse honourable and not used by    
gentlemen72  but if he will eate in his 
chamber he commands what meate he will1 
according to his appetite1 and as much  
as he thinkes fit for him and  his      
company4--,fynes ,moryson's ,itinerary1 
#afag1 ,part ,,iii4 p4 #aea4    ,e#dgj  
,to purchase linne4 ,to purchase ,lynn1 
by petty savings1 seems  to have been a 
proverbial mode of expression1 used in  
ridicule of  stinginess4    ,e#dga ,you 
are on the high way to ,needham4--,ray4 
,e#dgb ,the braggadocios and coxcombs of
 the day would use their  daggers to    
carve with1 which were perfectly        
harmless for any other  purpose4 ,forks 

were yet strangers to an ,english       
dinner-table4 ,knives  were first made  
in ,england1 according to ,anderson1 in 
#aefc4 ,a  meat-knife of ,queen         
,elizabeth's1 mentioned in ,nichols's   
,progresses1  had a handle of white bone
 and a conceyte in it4 ,in the same work
  we read of a dozen of horn spoons in a
 bunch1 as the instruments  meetest to  
eat furmenty porage with all2 also of a 
folding spoon of  gold1 and a pair of   
small snuffers1 silver-gilt4--,pictorial
 ,history  of ,england1 ii4 #hef4       
,e#dgc ,go toie with his nodie4 ,the    
edition of #aegc reads go toy  with his 
noddy1 with ape in the street1 and more 
recent editions  read go toy with his   
noddy-like ape in the street4 ,this     
reading has  been adopted by ,dr4       
,mavor4 ,peacock's ,gloss4 gives        
,noddipol a sillie  person4 ',whorson   
nodipol that ,i am6'--,bernard's        
,terence1 #dc4 ',a verye  nodypoll      
nydyote myght be ashamed to say         
it4'--,the ,workes of ,sir  ,thomas     

,more1 #aeeg1 p4 #bji4    ,e#dgd        
,fisging4 ,the ,rev4 ,w4 ,skeat1 in his 
note to ,piers ,plowman1  ,c4 ,text1    
,passus x4 l4 #aec1 ,and what frek of ys
 folde fiske us  a-boute1 remarks3      
,fisketh1 wanders1 roams4 ,as this word 
is scarce1  ,i give all the instances of
 it that ,i can find4 ,in ,sir ,gawayne 
and the  ,grene ,knight1 ed4 ,morris1 l4
 #agjd1 there is a description of a     
foxhunt1  where the fox and the hounds  
are thus mentioned3--    ' he fyskez hem
 by-fore  ay founden hym sone'--i4e4    
and he 7the fox7 runs on before them    
7the hounds72 but they soon found  him4 
',fyscare abowte ydylly2 ,discursor1    
discursatrix1 vagulus vel  vagator1     
vagatrix4'--,prompt4 ,parv4 p4 #afb4    
',fiskin abowte yn ydilnesse2  ,vago1   
giro1 girovago4'--,ibid4    ',such      
serviture also deserveth a check1  ,that
 runneth out fisking1 with meat in his  
beck mouth4'    --,tusser1 ,five        
,hundred ,points1 etc41 ed4 ,mavor1 p4  
#bhf4    ',then had every flock his     

shepherd1 or else shepherds2 now they do
 not  only run fisking about from place 
to place1 444 but covetously join       
living to living4'--,whitgift's ,works1 
i4 #ebh4 ',i fyske1 ie fretille4  ,i    
praye you se howe she fysketh           
about4'--,palsgrave4 ',trotire1 a       
raumpe1 fisgig1 fisking huswife1        
raunging damsell4'--,cotgrave4    ',then
 in cave1 then in a field of corn1      
,creeps to and fro1 and fisketh in and  
out4'    --,dubartas 7in ,nares74       
',his roving eyes rolde to and fro1  ,he
 fiskyng fine1 did mincyng go4'         
--,kendalls's ,flower of ,epigrammes1   
#aegg 7,nares74    ',tom ,tankard's     
cow4444  ,flinging about his halfe aker1
 fisking with her tail4'    --,gammer   
,gurton's ,needle1 i4 #b4    ',fieska1  
to fisk the tail about2 to fisk up and  
down4'--,swedish  ,dictionary1 by ,j4   
,serenius4 ',fjeska1 v4n4 to fidge1 to  
fidget1 to  fisk4'--,swed4 ,dict4       
7,tauchnitz74    ,e#dge ,in the ,rolls  
of ,parliament1 at the opening of the   

,parliament of  #b ,rich4 ,,ii4 in the  
year #acgh1 we find--,qui sont appellez 
,bacbyters  sont auxi come chiens qi    
mangeont les chars crues1 etc4 ,in the  
,ancren  ,riwle 7,camden ,soc4 ed4      
,morton71 p4 #hf1 are described two     
kinds of  backbiters1 who are defined   
generally as ,bacbitares1 e bite ore    
men bihinden2 the two kinds are #a4     
those who openly speak evil of  others1 
and #b4 those who under the cloak of    
friendship slander others4  ,the latter 
is stated to be far the worse4 ,in an   
,old ,eng4 ,miscellany 7,e4  ,e4 ,text  
,soc4 ed4 ,morris71 p4 #ahg1 we are told
 that ,alle bacbytares  heo wende to    
helle4--,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat1 note to   
,p4 ,plowman1 ,b4 v4 #hi4    ,e#dgf ,the
 friend doth hate4 ,the edition of #aehe
 reads1 evidently by  a misprint1       
fiends4    ,e#dgg ,roinish1 lit4 scurvy1
 hence coarse1 rough4 ,rongneux1        
scabbie1 mangie1 scurvie4--,cotgrave4   
,it occurs twice in the ,romaunt  of the
 ,rose1 ll4 #ihh and #faij4 ,in the form

 rinish1 signifying  wild1 jolly1       
unruly1 rude1 it is found among the     
,yorkshire words in  ,thoresby's ,letter
 to ,ray1 reprinted by the ,eng4 ,dial4 
,soc4 ,rennish1  in the sense of        
furious1 passionate1 which is in ,ray's 
collection of  ,north-country words1 is1
 perhaps1 another form of the word4     
,e#dgh ,still presently1 i4e4 always as 
close at hand4    ,e#dgi ,in vsing there
 his will1 that is1 in doing so he acted
 of his  own free will4    ,e#dhj ,seene
  appeared1 showed himself4    ,e#dha   
,do show 7to who thou wouldst to know74 
,the meaning is  perfectly clear1 but   
the manner in which it is expressed is  
very  curious4 ,we may paraphrase it    
thus3 doth show to him whom thou wishest
  to teach4    ,e#dhb ,compare ,psalm   
ciii4 #ae1 #f4    ,e#dhc ,let gift no   
glorie looke1 that is1 in giving alms   
look for  7expect7 no praise or earthly 
reward for so doing4    ,e#dhd ,provoke 
urge4    ,e#dhe ,in the edition of #aegg
 the arrangement of this chapter is     

somewhat different4 ,the ,latin verses  
are first printed by themselves1  and   
headed ,sancti ,barnardi dicta1 and     
after comes the ,english  version1 with 
the following title3 ,eight of ,saint   
,barnardes verses1  translated out of   
,latin  into english by this ,aucthor   
for one kind   of note to serue both    
ditties4 ,the translation in the        
,paradise of  ,dainty ,devices1         
mentioned by ,mason1 is by ,barnaby     
,rich1 under the  signature of ,my ,luck
 is ,loss4 ,the following is the first  
verse1  transcribed for comparison with 
,tusser's version3    ,why doth each    
state apply itself to worldly praise8   
,and undertake such toil1 to heap up    
honour's gain1  ,whose seat1 though     
seeming sure1 on fickle fortune stays1  
,whose gifts are never prov'd perpetual 
to remain8  ,but even as earthen pots1  
with every fillip fails3  ,so fortune's 
favour flits1 and fame with honour      
quails4    ,e#dhf ,carle4 ,m4 ,licinius 
,crassus1 surnamed ,dives1 or the ,rich1

 one  of the first ,roman ,triumvirate1 
and celebrated for his avarice and love 
of the table4    ,e#dhg ,o thou fit bait
 for wormes6 ,in the ,treatise of       
,vincentio  ,saviolo1 printed in #aeie  
with the title ,vincentio ,saviolo his  
,practise4 ,in two ,bookes4 ,the first  
intreating of the use of the ,rapier    
and ,dagger4 ,the second of ,honor and  
,honorable ,quarrels1 the printer's     
device has the motto3 ,o wormes meate3  
,o froath3 ,o vanitie3 why art  thou so 
insolent4 ,compare ,as you ,like it1    
,act iii4 sc4 #b1 #ei1 ,most  shallow   
man6 thou worm's meat6    ,e#dhh ,for   
fortunes looke4 ,in editions of #aegc   
and #aehe the reading  is ,for fortune1 
look4 ,it is evident that these verses  
were written  at the time when our      
author first retired from court1 and    
that they  were appended to this work   
long after4 ,they allude to recent      
events1  to fatal chance1 and to other  
circumstances1 which would have been    
obliterated from the mind after the     

lapse of so many years4--,m4 ,see       
,tusser's ,autobiography1 ch4 #aad1     
stanza #ad1 p4 #bjh4    ,e#dhi ,too     
daintie fed2 that is1 to one who has    
been accustomed to  luxury1 and high    
living4    ,e#dij ,if court with cart1  
etc4 ,if one1 who has been a courtier1  
must  put up with the life of the       
country4    ,e#dia ,what toesed eares4  
,toese1 or touze1 to worry 7as a dog    
does a bear71 properly used of the      
dressing of wool1 and thence            
metaphorically1 as in ,spenser1 ,faerie 
,queene1 xi4 #cc1    ,and as a beare1   
whom angry curres have touz'd3    to the
 dog who pulls the fell off the bear's  
back4 ,cf4 the old name for  a dog1     
,towzer4 ,coles renders tose or toze by 
carpo1 vellico4  ,baret1 ,alvearie1     
#aehj1 gives1 to ,tosse wooll1 carpere  
lanam4  ,compare chap4 #ii4 #d1 p4 #ahi1
 so tossed with comorants1 which is     
spelt toesed in the ed4 of #aegg1 and   
teazed in those of #aehj and  #aehe4    
,e#dib ,what robes4 ,the livery or      

vestis liberata1 often called  robe1    
allowed annually by the                 
college4--,warton1 ,hist4 of ,eng4      
,poetry4    ,e#dic ,penny-ale is common1
 thin ale4 ,it is spoken of in ,piers   
,plowman1  ed4 ,skeat1 ,passus xv4 l4   
#caj1 as a most meagre drink1 only      
fitted for  strict-living friars4 ,it   
was sold at a penny a gallon1 while the 
best  ale was four pence4    ,peny ale  
and podyng ale she poured togideres     
,for labourers and for lowe folke1 at   
lay by hym-selue4    --,piers ,plowman1 
,b4 ,text1 ,passus v4 #bbj4    ,e#did   
,sundrie men had plagards then4 ,see    
remarks in ,biographical  ,sketch1 p4   
xii4    ,e#die ,the better brest1 etc4  
,on these words ,hawkins1 in his ,hist4 
of  ,music1 ed4 #ahec1 ii4 #ecg1        
remarks3 ,in singing1 the sound is      
originally  produced by the action of   
the lungs1 which are so essential an    
organ  in this respect1 that to have a  
good breast was formerly a common       
periphrasis to denote a good singer4    

,cf4 ,shakspere1 ,twelfth ,night1  ,act 
ii4 sc4 #c1 ,by my troth1 the fool hath 
an excellent breast4  ,halliwell quotes3
    ,i syng not musycall  ,for my brest 
is decayd4    --,armonye of ,byrdes1 p4 
#e4    ,ascham1 in his ,toxophilus1     
says1 when speaking of the expediency   
of educating youths in singing3 ,trulye 
two degrees of men1 which  have the     
highest offices under the king in all   
this realme1 shall  greatly lacke the   
vse of singinge1 preachers and lawyers1 
because they  shall not1 without this1  
be able to rule theyr brestes for euerye
  purpose4--,lond4 #aega1 fo4 #hf2 and  
in ,strype's ,life of ,arch4 ,parker it 
is stated that ,in the ,statutes of     
,stoke ,college1 ,suffolk1 founded by   
,parker1 is a provision in these words3 
'of which said queristers1 after  their 
breasts are changed1 will the most apt  
of wit and capacity be  holpen with     
exhibitions of forty shillings4'        
,e#dif ,nicholas ,udall was the author  
of our oldest known comedy  ,roister    

,doister4 ,he was born #aeje1 and was   
,master first at ,eton and  afterwards  
at ,westminster1 at both of which places
 he became notorious  for the severity  
of his punishments4 ,he wrote several   
dramas1 now lost1  one of which1        
,ezekias1 was acted before ,queen       
,elizabeth at ,cambridge1  and1 in all  
probability1 ,roister ,doister was      
intended to be performed  by his pupils4
    ,e#dig ,as to ,tusser's pedigree see
 letter from the ,windsor ,herald1 in   
the ,biographical ,sketch1 p4 xii4      
,e#dih ,tiburne play4 ,tyburn appears   
from authentic records to have  been    
used as a place of execution in the time
 of ,edward ,,iii4 and  probably before4
 ,see also stanza #ce post4 ,there was  
another place of  execution1 in the     
parish of ,st4 ,thomas-a-,waterings1 in 
,southwark1  called for distinction     
,tyburn of ,kent4 ,see ,pegge's         
,kenticisms1 ed4  ,skeat1 ,proverb #aa1 
and ,dr4 ,johnson's ,poem of ,london1 l4
 #bch1 and the  note on it in ,hales's  

,longer ,eng4 ,poems1 #ahgb1 p4 #cac4   
,e#dii ,a towne of price4 ,a common     
expression in old ,english1  meaning of 
high estimation1 noble4 ,see ,halliwell1
 s4v4    ,e#ejj ,norfolk wiles1 etc4    
,the ,east ,anglians were noted for     
their  litigious propensities4 ,fuller1 
in his ,worthies1 says1 ,whereas        
pedibus ambulando is accounted but a    
vexatious suit in other  counties1 here 
7where men are said to study law as     
following the  plough-tail7 some would  
persuade us that they will enter an     
action  for their neighbour's horse but 
looking over their hedge4 ,an ,act was  
passed in #adee 7#cc ,henry ,,vi4 cap4  
#g7 to check the litigiousness of the   
district3 ,whereas1 of time not long    
past1 within the city of ,norwich1  and 
the counties of ,norfolk and ,suffolk1  
there were no more but #f or #h         
attornies at the most that resorted to  
the ,king's ,courts1 in which time      
great tranquillity reigned in the said  
city and counties1 and little  trouble  

or vexation was made by untrue and      
foreign suits4 ,and now so it  is1 that 
in the said city and counties1 there be 
fourscore attornies  or more1 the more  
part of them having no other thing to   
live upon but  only his gain by the     
practice of attorneyship1 and also the  
more part  of them not being of         
sufficient knowledge to be an attorney1 
which  come to every fair1 market1 and  
other places1 where is any assembly  of 
people1 exhorting1 procuring1 moving and
 inciting the people to  attempt untrue 
foreign suits for small trespasses1     
little offences  and small sums of debt1
 whose actions be triable and           
determinable in  ,court ,barons2 whereby
 proceed many suits1 more of evil will  
and malice  than of the truth of the    
thing1 to the manifold vexation and no  
little  damage of the inhabitants of the
 said city and counties1 and also to    
the perpetual destruction of all the    
,courts ,baron in the said counties1    
unless convenient remedy be provided in 

this behalf2 the foresaid ,lord  the    
,king considering the premises1 by the  
advice1 assent and authority  aforesaid1
 hath ordained and established1 that at 
all times from  henceforth there shall  
be but six common attornies in the said 
,county  of ,norfolk1 and six common    
attornies in the said ,county of        
,suffolk1 and  two common attornies in  
the said ,city of ,norwich1 to be       
attornies in  the ,courts of ,record2   
and that all the said fourteen attornies
 shall be  elected and admitted by the  
two ,chief ,justices of our ,lord the   
,king for  the time being1 of the most  
sufficient and best instructed1 by their
  discretions4 ,east ,anglians were     
frequently called ,barrators1 that  is1 
incitors to lawsuits 7,o4 ,fr4 bareter1 
to deceive1 cheat74    ,e#eja ,diram    
sell4 ,west ,dereham ,abbey1 near       
,downham1 ,norfolk1 founded  by ,hubert 
,walter1 ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 for
 ,prmonstratensian  canons4    ,e#ejb   
,faiersted1 a parish about four miles   

from ,witham1 and near our  author's    
birthplace4    ,e#ejc ,the plague1 to   
which ,tusser evidently alludes1        
according  to ,maitland1 raged in       
,london in #aegd and #aege4 ,it must    
have been  subsequent to #aegc1 as the  
edition of that date does not contain   
this  or the following stanza4    ,e#ejd
 ,this and the preceding stanzas were   
first introduced in the  edition of     
#aehj4    ,e#eje ,cf4    ,the rank is   
but the guinea stamp1  ,a man's a man   
for a' that4    --,burns4    ,e#ejf     
,cocking ,dads4 ,cf4 ch4 #ie1 stanza #e1
 p4 #ahf4    ,e#ejg ,of hir or him4 ,see
 note ,e#cha4    ,e#ejh ,l'homme        
propose1 ,dieu dispose4    ,e#eji ,or   
for to iet1 etc4 ,the ,normane guise    
was1 to walke and  jet up and downe the 
streetes1 with great traines of idle    
serving men  following                  
them4--,lambarde's ,peramb4 of ,kent1   
,reprint of #ahbf1 p4 #cbj4  ,jetting   
along with a giant-like gate4--,tom     
,tel-,troth's ,message1 ,new  ,shak4    

,soc4 ed4 ,furnivall1 p4 #abe4 ,rogue1  
why winkest thou8 ,jenny1 why  jettest  
thou8--,r4 ,holme1 ,names of ,slates1   
,bk4 iii4 ch4 v4 p4 #bfe4  ,item1 ,that 
no scholler be out of his college in the
 night season1 or  goe a ,jetting1 and  
walke the streetes in the night season1 
unlesse he  goe with the ,proctors1     
uppon the payne appointed in the ould   
,statutes  of the ,university1 which is 
not meate4 ,and they declare that it is 
the auncient custome1 that the ,proctors
 shall not goe a ,jetting1  without the 
licence of the ,vice ,chancellor1       
unlesse it be in ,time of  some suddayne
 danger or occasion4--,cole's ,,mss4    
vol4 #db1 in the ,british  ,museum4     
,,glossary4      ,those words which     
occur only in the edition of #aeeg are  
marked with  an asterisk4    ,the       
references are to the ,chapters and     
,stanzas2 thus1 #cf_/bc means  chapter  
#cf1 stanza #bc4 ,the usual             
abbreviations are used4      ,ad1       
#cf_/bc1 v4 imp4 add4    ,addle1 #ea_/f1

 v4 increase in bulk4--,t4,r4 ,icel4    
dlask  to gain1  earn4 ,adylle1         
adipisci1 acquirere--,cath4 ,anglicum4  
,adue1 #c_/h1 int4 adieu1 farewell4     
,aduise1 #aj_/da1 s4 care1 notice4 ,take
 aduise of thy rent  make  preparations 
for paying your rent1 by laying by for  
that purpose4    ,afoord1 #ii_/d1 v4    
afford4    ,after claps1 #di_/;d1 s4 pl4
 disagreeable consequences4    ,whane   
thy frende ys thy foo1  ,he wolle tell  
alle and more too2    ,beware of after  
clappes6    --,,ms4 ,lansd4 #gfb1 f4    
#ajj4    ,after crop1 #ah_/bj1 v4       
extract a second crop from the land4    
,aile1 #ce_/ca1 v4 affects1 is the      
matter with4 ,a4,s4 eglan4    ,aker1    
#aj_/ad1 s4 acre4    ,alexanders1       
#dj_/a1 s4 pl4 the horse parsley4       
,alexandre1 the hearb  great parsley1   
,alexanders or ,alisaunders4--,cotgrave4
 ,see ,lyte's  ,dodoens1 p4 #fji4       
,all in all1 #d_/b1 the principal point4
    ,alley1 #ae_/ce1 s4 paths1 walk4    
,allow1 #cc_/cj2 ,alow1 #ae_/cb1 v4 pr4 

t4 recommend1 approve of4 ,o4 ,fr4      
alouer1 from ,lat4 laudare4    ,aloft1  
#cc_/ef1 adv4 up4    ,alowe1 #aae_/b1   
adv4 low down1 deep2 cf4 #aad_/bc4 ,cf4 
,why somme be  alowe and somme          
alofte4--,p4 ,plowman1 ,b4 ,text1 xii4  
#bbb4    ,ambling1 #ie_/b1 adj4         
trotting1 cantering4    ,amends1        
#aj_/eh1 s4 reparation1 amendment4      
,amisse1 #hi_/ac1 adv4 amiss1 wrong4    
,amitie1 #i_/ah1 s4 friendship4         
,andrew1 #dh_/ai1 ,st4 ,andrew's ,day1  
#cjth ,november4    ,among1 #a_/e1 adv4 
at times2 #bg_/d1 euer among            
constantly1 always4    ,anker1 #ac_/e1  
s4 anchor4    ,annis1 #de_/a1 s4 anise4 
,lat4 anisum4    ,anoieng1 #dh_/aa1 v4  
injuring1 damaging4 ,o4 ,fr4 anoier1    
from ,lat4  nocere4    ,anue1 #aj_/cg1  
adv4 anew1 again4    ,aperne1 #ag_/d1 s4
 an apron4 ,fr4 naperon1 a large cloth1 
from ,lat4  nappa4 ,o4 ,fr4 appronaire  
a woman's apron2 appronier  a           
blacksmith's apron4 ,barmeclothe or     
naprun4--,prompt4 ,parv4    ,aqua       

composita1 #ia_/a1 see note ,e#dei4     
,araid1 #dh_/bb1 pp4 kept in order1     
regulated4 ,o4 ,fr4 arraier4 ,a4,s4     
gerdan  to get ready4    ,arbor1        
#ce_/de1 s4 an arbour4 ,o4 ,fr4 herbier4
    ,armer1 #b_/d1 s4 help1 assistance4 
,arse1 #ea_/d1 s4 buttocks1 hind part4  
,a4,s4 ears1 rs4    ,as1 #eg_/dg1 which4
    ,assaie1 #a_/d1 s4 trial4 ,o4 ,fr4  
assai4    ,asunder1 #ag_/aa1 v4 break   
asunder or in pieces4    ,atchiue1      
#fi_/a1 v4 finish1 complete4 ,o4 ,fr4   
achiever4    ,athit1 #af_/f1 adj4 7871  
ill-breeders4--,mavor4                  
,ill-conditioned4--,wright's ,prov4     
,dict4    ,a too1 #ag_/i1 adv4 in two1  
asunder4    ,attainted1 #ge_/h1 pp4     
tainted2 the expression touched is also 
in  use4 ,o4 ,fr4 attaint1 from ,lat4   
attingere4    ,attonement1 #ajf_/aa1 s4 
atonement4    ,auke1 #fb_/ac1 adj4      
unlucky 7lit4 backward1 inverted1       
confused74  ,awke or wronge1            
sinister4--,prompt4 ,parv4    ,aumbrie1 
#ge_/b1 s4 cupboard1 pantry4 ,see       

,prompt4 ,parv4 s4v4  ,awmebry4 ,l4     
,lat4 almonarium4 ,see also ,wedgwood1  
s4v4 ,ambry4    ,auailes1 p4 #b1 v4 pr4 
t4 is useful or profitable4    ,auens1  
#ci_/a1 s4 herb bennet--geum urbanum4   
,welsh afans4 ,the roots  gathered in   
the spring and put into ale give it a   
pleasant flavour4    ,auise ,avouse1    
#ee_/d1 is ,french jargon for assure    
yourself1 take  care4--,mavor4          
,auouch1 #aj_/ab1 v4 own1 acknowledge4  
,i'll avouch it to his head4  --,shak4  
,mids4 ,night's ,dream1 i4 #a4    ,awe1 
#ef_/b1 s4 ,august4    ,ayer1 #af_/bj1  
s4 air4      ,b4    ,baggage1 #ba_/ba1  
s4 foul stuff1 perhaps from ,fr4        
bagasse4    ,baggedglie tit1 #af_/f1    
worthless beasts1 baggagely4    ,baies1 
#ha_/b1 s4 pl4 chidings1 reproof4       
,halliwell has this word1  misspelt     
baics1 as from ,hunter's additions to   
,boucher4    ,bailie1 #aj_/ah1 s4       
bailiff1 steward4 ,lat4 bajulus4 ,fr4   
bailli4    ,baiting1 #he_/b1 feeding1   
eating4    ,balke1 #fc_/b1 s4 ,what is  

in some places called a mier bank1 being
  narrow slips of land between ground   
and ground4--,t4,r4 ,a4,s4 balc4  ,welsh
 valc1 a strip of land4 ,a balke or     
banke of earth ranged or  standing up   
betweene two furrowes4--,baret's        
,alvearie4 ,halliwell1 s4v4  ,balk1     
refers to this passage and explains     
,balke as a piece of timber4    ,ball1  
#ie_/b1 s4 a common name for a horse4   
,in the ,prompt4 it is  applied to a    
sheep1 and in the ,privy ,purse expenses
 of ,henry ,,viii4 p4  #dc1 to a dog4   
,band1 #ef_/ag1 s4 bands or ropes of    
straw4    ,bandes1 #i_/bd1 s4 bonds1    
engagements4    ,bandog1 #aj_/ai1 s4 a  
dog always tied up on account of his    
fierceness2  according to ,bewick a     
species of mastiff crossed with a       
bull-dog4 ,dutch  band-hond4    ,bane1  
#ha_/f1 s4 poison4    ,bane1 #df_/bc1 s4
 ruin4 ,a4,s4 bana4 ,o4 ,icel4 bani4    
,banish1 #i_/bi1 v4 free1 clear4        
,banket1 #bh_/c1 v4 pr4 t4 feast1       
banquet4    ,barberies1 #cd_/c1 s4      

barberry2 berberis vulgaris1 ,linn4     
,barberlie1 #ea_/d1 adv4 like a barber4 
,bare1 #gd_/f1 adj4 uncouer your bare   
strip the clothes off and whip  you4    
,barelie1 #fc_/bc1 s4 barley4           
,bargaine1 #af_/c1 s4 contract1         
agreement4    ,barth1 #cc_/bf1 s4       
shelter4 ,barth1 ground floor1          
floor4--,spurrell's  ,welsh ,dict4 ,a   
warm place or pasture for calves or     
lambs4--,ray4 ,a  place near the        
farm-house well-sheltered4--,t4,r4      
,bartilmewtide1 #eg_/dg1 ,st4           
,bartholomew's ,day1 #bdth ,august4     
,bassel1 #db_/a1 ,bazell1 #ej_/cd1 s4   
basil1 much used in cookery1  especially
 in ,france4 ,ocymum                    
basilicum4--,gerard's ,herball4 ,so     
called probably from its being used in  
some royal 7,greek3  basilicon7 medicine
 or bath4    ,baulme1 #db_/b1 s4 balsam1
 contracted from ,lat4 balsamum4        
,bauen1 #eg_/cc1 s4 light loose faggots4
 ,o4 ,fr4 baffe  a faggot4  ,baven1 the 
smaller trees whose sole use is for the 

fire4--,skinner4    ,bayted1 #fd99_/g1  
pp4 baited4    ,beare off1 #ag_/b1 v4   
ward off1 keep off4    ,beare out1      
#af_/aj1 v4 keep off1 protect from4     
,beares1 #bj_/a1 v4 pr4 t4 provides1    
furnishes4    99,bease1 #eg1 s4 pl4     
beasts1 cows4    ,beastlie1 #bj_/b1 adj4
 stupid1 careless4    ,beath1 #bc_/i1 v4
 to place before the fire1 to straighten
 by heating4    ,beck1 #df_/bh1 s4 beak4
    99,beclip1 #cj1 v4 anticipate1      
surprise4    ,bedstraw1 #ai_/dj1 s4     
clean straw4    ,beene1 #ea_/bb1 s4     
property1 wealth4 ,fr4 bien4    ,beere1 
#if_/hd1 s4 bier4    ,beetle1 #bb_/a1 s4
 a wooden club or mallet1 its head      
hooped with iron1  and studded all over 
with nails1 used for splitting wood4    
,beggerie1 #aj_/dj1 s4 beggary1 poverty4
    ,begilde1 #eg_/bg1 ,beguilde1       
#aj_/ef1 pp4 cheated1 disappointed4     
,begon1 #ii_/e1 pp4 begun4              
,behoouing1 #b_/e1 adj4 belonging1      
proper to4    ,bellifull1 #df_/bg1 s4   
sufficiency1 satisfaction4    ,bent1    

#aac_/c1 pp4 inclined1 disposed4        
,beshreawd1 #ajb_/g1 pp4 ruined1 cursed4
 ,connected with the shrew  mouse1 to   
which deadly qualities were at one time 
attributed4    ,bestad1 #aad_/bc1 pp4   
circumstanced1 situated4    ,bestowe1   
#af_/cd1 v4 imp4 place1 arrange4        
,betanie1 #de_/c1 s4 the plant ,betony1 
,betonica officinalis1 ,linn4           
,betwix1 #gd_/b1 adv4 between4 ,a4,s4   
betwix4    ,bewraies1 #ajh_/d1 v4 pr4 t4
 betrays4    ,bex1 #cg_/ab1 s4 pl4      
beaks4 ,fr4 bec1 pl4 becs4    ,biefe1   
#ba_/aa1 s4 beef4    ,big1 #cc_/cf1 s4  
teat1 pap4 ,a4,s4 bige1 a               
bosom4--,bailey's ,dict4 #agce4  ,it    
also occurs in ,gifford's ,dialogue on  
,witches1 #afjc4    ,bil1 #ag_/h2 ,bill1
 #cc_/bb1 s4 billhook4    ,bilde1       
#ie_/f1 v4 build4    ,billet1 #ec_/ab1  
s4 chopped-up wood4    ,bin1 #ajg_/a1   
pp4 been4    ,blabs1 #ajj_/c1 s4 pl4    
chatterboxes1 talkative persons4        
,cacqueteur1  babillard1 baquenaudier1  
bavard4 ,a blab1 a long tongue3 one that

  telleth whatsoever he                 
heareth4--,nomenclator1 #aehe4          
,blade1 #ai_/ad1 s4 blades of grass4    
,blaze1 #ajh_/d1 v4 spread abroad the   
report of1 blaze abroad4 ,cf4  ,spenser1
 ,f4 ,q41 ,i4 xi4 #g4 ,a4,s4 blsan1 to  
blow4    ,blenge1 #ajj_/c1 v4 blenge1   
mix4    ,blessed thistle1 #dd_/a1 s4 so 
called from its supposed power of       
counteracting the effects of poison2    
,carduus benedictus4    ,blew1 #dc_/c1  
adj4 blue4    ,blindfild1 #ij_/c1 adj4  
blindfold4    ,blisse1 #b_/c1 v4 bless1 
praise4    ,block in the fier1 #aj_/eg1 
a block of wood in the fire4    ,blocks1
 #ag_/aa1 s4 pl4 blocks of wood1 trunks 
and stumps of trees4    ,bloodwoort1    
#ci_/d1 s4 bloody-veined dock1 ,rumex   
sanguineus4    ,blouse1 #af_/cg1 s4     
red-faced wife or girl4 ,a girl or wench
 whose  face looks red by running abroad
 in the wind and weather is called a    
blouz1 and said to have a blouzing      
colour4 --,kennett1 ,,ms4 ,lansd4       
#ajcc4 ,see also ,thoresby's ,letter to 

,ray1 ,e4,d4 ,soc4 ,b4 #ag4    ,blowne1 
#b_/aj1 pp4 reported4    ,bobbed1       
#aad_/e1 pp4 pouting4    ,boddle1       
#ea_/aa1 s4 a weed like the ,mayweed1   
but bears a large yellow                
flower4--,t4,r4 ,from ,dutch buidel1 a  
purse1 because it bears gools  or       
goldins1 gold coins1 ,dutch gulden1 a   
punning allusion to its  yellow flowers4
    ,boies1 #eg_/cd1 s4 pl4 boys4       
,bold1 #b_/i1 v4 pt4 t4 embolden1       
encourage4    ,bold1 #fc_/bb1 adj4      
proud4    ,boll1 #hc_/b1 s4             
washing-bowl1 tub4    ,bolted1 #fg_/b1  
pp4 sifted1 examined4 ,bolted-bread  a  
loaf of sifted  wheat meal mixed with   
rye4 ,see ,bolt and ,bolting-cloth in   
,peacock's  ,gloss4 of ,manley and      
,corringham4    ,boollesse1 #cd_/d1 s4  
bullace1 small tartish plums1 black or  
yellow4  ,called in ,cambridgeshire     
,cricksies4 ,i believe the word to be   
,celtic3  ,irish bulos1 a prune1 ,breton
 polos1 a bullace1 ,gaelic bulaistear1  
a bullace1 a sloe4--,note by ,rev4 ,w4  

,w4 ,skeat4 ,a bullace1 frute1          
pruneolum4--,manip4 ,vocab4    ,boone1  
#fb_/ag1 s4 request1 prayer4    ,boord1 
#bc_/ab1 s4 boards1 planks4    ,boorde1 
#hh_/a1 s4 the table1 meals4    ,bootie1
 #dh_/ad1 s4 booty1 prey4    ,borough1  
#cc_/g1 s4 burrows1 warren4 ,a4,s4      
beorg1 beorh4    ,botch1 #gd_/e1 v4 imp4
 patch4    ,botles1 #dc_/c1 s4          
chrysanthemum4 ,boyul or bothule1 herbe 
or ,cowslope1  ,vactinia4--,prompt4     
,parv4    ,bots1 #de_/bb1 s4 pl4 a      
disease 7worms7 troublesome to horses4  
,gaelic  botus1 a bott2 boiteag1 a      
maggot4    ,bottle1 #ba_/ae1 s4 the     
leathern bottle4    ,bowd1 #ai_/ci1 s4  
weevil1 ,curculio granarius2 bowd-eaten 
eaten by  weevils4 ,bowde1 malte worme4 
,malte bowde or wevyl4--,prompt4 ,parv4 
,bowe1 #ag_/ac1 s4 bow4    ,bows1       
#cf_/ab1 s4 pl4 boughs1 sticks4 ,a4,s4  
bog1 boh4    ,brag1 #ai_/ad1 s4 boast1  
sham1 pretence2 #id_/af1 value1         
estimation4    ,braggeth1 #fb_/a1 v4 pr4
 t4 boasts1 brags4 ,welsh bragiaw4 ,fr4 

braguer4    ,brake1 #ae_/cc1 s4         
underwood1 ferns1 etc4 ,brakes1 ,their  
light firing  in ,norfolk1 that is      
wherewith they bake and brew4--,t4,r4   
,brall1 #gg_/aa1 v4 quarrelling1        
scolding4    ,bralling1 #aja_/d1 adj4   
brawling1 quarrelsome4    ,brank1       
#ai_/bj1 s4 ,buck-wheat4 ,polygonum     
fagopyrum4 ,brance1  bearded red        
wheat4--,cotgrave4 ,brance occurs in    
,pliny's ,hist4 ,nat4  xviii4 c4 #g4    
,brats1 #ha_/f1 s4 pl4 children4        
,brauling1 #dh_/ae1 s4 quarrels1        
contention4    ,braue1 #id_/b1 adj4     
fine1 grand4    ,brauerie1 #i_/ab1 s4   
show1 boast4    ,brawne1 #ca_/b1 s4     
brawn1 originally the flesh of the wild 
boar1 but  used for flesh generally4 ,o4
 ,fr4 braon1 braion4    ,brawneth1      
#af_/bb1 v4 pr4 t4 fatteneth4           
,breaching1 #b_/aa1 s4 breaking1 breach4
    ,breadcorne1 #ai_/bj1 s4 leguminous 
crops4--,wright's ,dict4    ,breaker1   
#ie_/b1 s4 horse-breaker4    ,breaketh  
his credit1 #aj_/cg1 fails to do what he

 has promised4    ,breakhedge1 #ae_/cf1 
s4 trespassers and others who break down
 fences1  or make gaps in hedges4       
,breathely1 #cc_/ch1 adj4 worthless4    
,see ,halliwell1 s4v4 ,bretheling4      
,brecke1 #af_/af1 s4 breach1 gap4 ,a4,s4
 brecan1 to break4    ,breede1 #aj_/ca1 
v4 cause1 generate4    ,breeders1       
#ab_/b1 s4 pl4 good time for breeding4  
,breeding1 #b_/aj1 s4 origin1 source4   
,breers1 #aad_/b1 s4 pl4 briars1 thorns1
 hence troubles and difficulties4       
,bremble1 #cf_/bc1 s4 bramble1 briar4   
,brest1 #aa_/g1 v4 nurse4    ,brest1    
#aad_/f1 s4 voice4 ,see note ,e#die4    
,breth1 #ajg_/d1 s4 breath4    ,bribing1
 #aj_/bg1 v4 thieving1 stealing4 ,i     
bribe1 ,i pull1 ,i  pyll4--,palsgrave4  
,see ,mr4 ,skeat's note to ,p4 ,plowman1
 xxiii4 #bfb4    ,brineth1 #ge_/h1 v4   
pr4 t4 cure with brine or salt4         
,brooketh1 #id_/aj1 v4 pr4 t4 endures1  
allows4    ,brothell1 #aj_/bj1 v4       
riotous1 dissipated4 ,see ,halliwell1   
s4v4  ,brethel4    ,brows1 #cc_/aa1 feed

 on1 nibble4 ,o4 ,fr4 brouster from     
broust1  a sprout4 ,yode forth abroade  
unto the greenewood to browze or        
play4--,spenser1 ,shep4 ,cal4 ,may4     
,browse1 or meat for beastes in         
snowtyme4 ,vesca4--,huloet4    ,brue1   
#ae_/cc1 v4 brew4 ,a4,s4 briwan4        
,brush1 #ag_/ad1 s4 underwood1          
brushwood4    ,brushed cote1 #di_/;b1 a 
beating2 cf4 a dusted jacket4    ,buck1 
#ej_/ac1 s4 buckwheat4 ,dutch boekweit4 
,buckle1 #if_/hd1 v4 imp4 prepare1 get  
ready2 cf4 buckle to4    ,bucks1 #gd_/e1
 s4 pl4 a quantity of linen washed at   
once1 a tub-full of  linen ready for    
washing4 ,bouckfatt1 a washing-tub      
7,unton ,inventories1  p4 #bh74 ,lay    
your bucks  get your linen ready for    
washing4    ,buglas1 #ci_/e1 s4 bugloss1
 ,lycopsis arvensis1 ,linn4    ,buie1   
#c_/h1 v42 ,buieng1 #ef_/d1 buy4        
,bulchin1 #cc_/cf1 s4 a bull-calf4      
,bullimong1 #ai_/cj1 s4 a mixture of    
oats1 peas and vetches1 or  buckwheat4  
,possibly a corruption of ,lat4         

pulmentum4    ,burch1 #ib_/d1 s4 the    
rod1 birch4    ,burrage1 #ci_/g1 s4     
borage4 ,borago officinalis4 ,the       
flowers were  supposed to be cordial and
 excitative of courage1 especially if   
infused  in wine2 whence the derivation 
,celtic borr1 pride1 borrach1 a  haughty
 man4    ,burs1 #fc_/af1 s4 pl4 the     
burdock4 ,bourre1 the downe or hairie   
coat1  wherewith divers herbs1 fruites1 
and flowers are covered4--,cotgrave4    
,bushets1 #cg_/ai1 s4 pl4 small shoots  
from bushes4    ,busht1 #db_/a1 adj4    
thick1 spreading4    ,buttrice1 #ag_/d1 
s4 a farrier's tool used in shoeing     
horses to pare  the hoofs4    ,buttrie1 
#hi_/e1 s4 pantry1 cupboard4    ,buzard1
 #df_/bh1 s4 buzzard4    ,by and bie1   
#eg_/ae1 adv4 presently4      ,c4       
,cabben1 #af_/bc1 s4 house1 sty4        
,cace1 #fg_/bf1 s4 case1 point4         
,cadow1 #df_/bh1 s4 jackdaw4 ,cadesse1  
,daw1 ,jackdaw4--,cotgrave4  ,cad-dow1 a
 ,jackdaw or ,chough1                   
,norfolk4--,bailey's ,dict4 ,see note in

  ,prompt4 ,parv41 s4v4 ,cadaw4         
,calling1 #i_/a1 s4 station in life4    
,camamel1 #db_/c1 s4 ,camomile4 ,lat4   
chammelum4  ,greek3  chamaimeilon1      
earth-apple1 from the smell of its      
flowers4    ,campe1 #bb_/bd1 v4 to play 
football4 ,a4,s4 camp  a contest4 ,see  
,ray's  ,glossary1 ,e4 ,d4 ,soc4 p4 xvi4
    ,campers1 #bb_/bd1 s4 pl4 football  
players4 ,see note ,e#acc4    ,campions1
 #dc_/e1 s4 ,red ,lychnis or ,campion1  
,lychnis diurna4    ,candlemas1 page    
#hd1 footnote #e1 s4 #bnd ,february1 so 
called from  the great number of lights 
used on that day1 being the feast of the
  ,purification of the ,virgin ,mary4   
,canteth1 #id_/h1 v4 pr4 t4 8 scanteth1 
i4e4 is economical4 ,the edition  of    
#aegc reads franteth1 which is a        
,somerset word meaning to be  careful4  
,canteth1 according to ,halliwell1 means
 divides1 i4e4 does  not use up         
everything at once1 but only what is    
wanted for the time4    ,canuas1        
#eg_/ed1 s4 canvas4    ,capitaine       

cheefe1 #aj_/ai1 head or chief captain4 
,capon1 #ca_/c1 s4 a castrated cock4    
,careles1 #ce_/d1 adj4 unwilling1 not   
anxious4    ,carkas1 #bf_/d1 s4 corpse1 
body4 ,fr4 carcasse4    ,carke1         
#aad_/ae1 v4 to be anxious4 ,i carke1 ,i
 care1 ,i take thought1  je             
chagrine--,palsgrave4 ,waile we the     
wight whose absence is our              
carke4--,spenser1 ,shep4 ,cal4          
,november4    99,carnels1 #aja1 s4 pl4  
seeds of the haw1 briar1 etc4 ,cf4 ch4  
#ah4 st4  #dh and #cf4 #ac4    ,carrege1
 #ef_/ba1 s4 carrying home4    ,carren1 
#ah_/cf1 s4 carrion1 carcasses1 ,m4,e4  
caroigne4 ,fr4  charogne1 from ,it4     
carogna1 ,lat4 caronem4    ,carrenly1   
#ai_/cf1 adj4 rotting1 putrifying4      
,cart gap1 #ef_/ac1 s4 the openings for 
carts to pass from one field to         
another4    ,cartwrite1 #eh_/e1 s4      
cartwright4    ,cast1 #aj_/da1 v4 to    
count up1 reckon4    ,cast1 #bj_/c1 v4  
pr4 t4 to clean the threshed corn by    
casting it from  one side of the barn to

 the other1 that the light grains and   
dust may  fall out4 ,for this purpose is
 used a skuttle1 q4v4    ,cast1 #cc_/eb1
 v4 imp4 give over1 throw up4           
,casting1 #fe_/h1 adj4 that throw up the
 earth as they burrow through it4       
,cater1 #aj_/af1 s4 caterer1 provider4  
,cater a steward1 a  manciple1 a        
prouider of ,cates4--,baret's ,alvearie4
 ,cates1 dainty  provisions4--,bailey's 
,eng4 ,dict4 #agcg4    ,cawme1 #ef_/ae1 
adj4 calm1 settled4    ,challenge1      
#gb_/a1 v4 claim4 ,o4 ,fr4 chalenger4   
,champion 7title71 s4 plain open        
country4 ,fr4 champagne1 from ,lat4     
campania1 from campus  a field4         
,worstershire1 ,bedfordshire1 and  many 
other well-mixt soiles1 where the       
,champaigne and couert are of  equall   
largeness4--,g4 ,markham1 ,husbandman's 
,recreations1 c4 i4    ,champions1      
#af_/b1 s4 pl4 inhabitants of counties  
where lands are open  and unenclosed4   
,chancing1 #i_/cj1 v4 happening1 falling
 out4    ,chapman1 #ai_/bg1 s4          

bargainer1 dealer4 ,a4,s4 ceapman4      
,charge1 #hd_/b1 s4 trouble1 expense4   
,compare ,all's ,well that ,ends ,well1 
ii4 #c1 #aba3 ,she had her breeding at  
my father's charge4    ,charged1 #aj_/h1
 pp4 burdened1 busy1 anxious4           
,charges1 #bc_/f1 s4 pl4 works1         
troubles4    ,charuiel1 #de_/d1 s4 the  
plant ,chervil4 ,chrophyllum temulentum1
  ,linn4 ,whence ,a4,s4 crfille1 ,fr4   
cerfeuil4    ,chaunting1 #af_/ca1 v4    
crying1 yelling4    ,cheanie1 #b_/f1    
,jeanie1 ,jennie4    ,cheere1 #bb_/bh1  
v4 enjoy oneself4    ,cheere1 #eg_/bf1  
s4 enjoyment1 merriment4    ,chees1     
#dh_/bj1 s4 cheese4 ,lat4 caseus2 whence
 ,o4 ,h4 ,ger4 chasi1  ,a4,s4 cse4      
,chein1 #ag_/aj1 s4 chain4    ,cherie1  
#cc_/eh1 s4 cherry4 ,lat4 cerasus2      
whence ,a4,s4 cirse1 ,fr4  cerise4      
,chikins1 #ch_/cc1 s4 pl4 chickens1     
young fowls4    ,chinke1 #df_/bg1 s4    
money4 ,a word formed from the sound of 
coin  jingling together4    ,chip1      
#eg_/cb1 s4 wood-choppings4             

,chippings1 #hf_/c1 s4 pl4 fragments of 
bread4 ,chapplis1                       
bread-chippings4--,cotgrave4            
,choised1 #eg_/cd1 pp4 selected1 chosen4
 ,fr4 choix1 choice4    ,chopping1      
#eg_/dj1 s4 exchange1 barter4 ,choppe   
and chaunge1  mercor4--,huloet4 ,a4,s4  
ceapan4    ,churle1 #aj_/ej1 s4 an      
ill-bred1 disagreeable person4 ,a4,s4   
ceorl1 a  freeman of the lowest rank4   
,cinqfile1 #de_/e1 s4 cinquefoil4       
,potentilla1 ,linn4    ,clap1 #aj_/bb1  
s4 blow1 stroke2 at a clap  at once4    
,clapper1 #cf_/be1 s4 a rabbit burrow or
 warren4 ,cony hole or                  
clapar--,palsgrave4 ,a clapper for      
conies1 i4e4 a heap of  stones1 earth1  
with boughes or such like wherinto they 
may retire  themselves4--,minsheu4 ,fr4 
clapier4 ,l4 ,lat4 clapa4    ,clarie1   
#ci_/i1 s4 meadow sage4 ,salvia         
pratensis4    ,clauestock1 #ag_/bj1 s4 a
 chopper for splitting wood4            
,cleerely1 #af_/be1 adj4 clear4         
,clicket1 #gg_/i1 v4 chatter4 ,if ,i    

disturb you with my clicketten1  tell me
 so1 ,david1 and ,i won't4--,c4 ,dickens
 in ,david ,copperfield4 ,a  tatling    
huswife1 whose clicket is ever          
wagging4--,cotgrave4    ,clim1 #ef_/bc1 
s4 8 ,clement4    ,clime1 #eg_/cj1 v4   
climb4 ,a4,s4 climban4    ,clod1        
#aad_/cg1 s4 earth1 hence  landed       
property4    ,clog1 #hi_/a1 s4 charge1  
duty4    ,closet1 #ad_/c1 s4 retirement1
 seclusion4    ,closeth1 #fb_/e1 v4 pr4 
t4 incloses1 fences in4    ,closier1    
page #b1 s4 enclosures4 ,fr4 closure4   
,clot1 #cc_/bd1 s4 clods4 ,a4,s4 cld4   
,clodde or clotte lande1                
occo4--,huloet4    99,cloughted1 #hi1   
pp4 ,see ,clouted4    ,clout1 #fg_/af1  
s4 piece of cloth4 ,a4,s4 clt1 a little 
cloth4 ,mid4  ,eng4 clout1 clutian1     
clutien1 to patch4    ,clouts1 ,cloutes1
 #ag_/aj1 s4 an instrument similar to   
the plowstaff1  shod with iron and used 
for breaking large clods1 etc4          
,clouted1 #ag_/f1 pp4 having the        
,axle-tree armed with ,iron             

plates4--,t4,r4 ,o4 ,fr4 clouet1 dimin4 
of clou1 a nail1 from ,lat4  clavus4    
,see ,nares1 s4v4 ,clout4    ,coast1    
#fc_/g1 s4 country1 district4 ,o4 ,fr4  
coste1 from ,lat4 costa1  a rib1 side4  
,coast man1 #cf_/bb1 s4 masters of      
coasting vessels4    ,cobble1 #gd_/e1 v4
 imp4 patch1 mend4    ,cock1 #ec_/d1 v4 
imp4 put into cocks1 or small stacks4   
,cocking1 #ie_/e1 adj4 over-indulgent4  
,cockle1 #df_/ac1 s4 the weed corn-rose1
 ,agrostemma githago1 ,linn4  ,cockle or
 ,cokyl is used by ,wycliffe and other  
old writers in the sense  of a weed     
generally4    ,cockneies1 #ib_/d1 s4 pl4
 spoilt or effeminate boys4 ,see note   
,e#dfj1 and  ,halliwell1 s4v4 ,cockney4 
,cocks1 #eg_/af1 s4 pl4 small conical   
heaps of hay or corn4    ,codware1      
#ai_/bf1 s4 all plants that bear pods   
7or cods72 peas1 beans1  etc4 ,pescodde1
 escosse de poix4--,palsgrave4 ,a ,s4   
codd4 ,welsh1  cod1 cwd1 a small bag4   
,coeme1 ,coome1 #ag_/g1 s4 a measure of 
half a quartern4 ,a4,s4  cumb4--,somner4

 ,there is no such word in ,a4,s4 as    
cumb2 it is one  invented by ,somner1 so
 that the 7so-called7 ,a4,s4 cumb is    
really  derived from ,eng4 coomb--,note 
by ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat4    ,cofer up1  
#aj_/fa1 v4 to hoard up1 lock up4       
,cofers1 #af_/d1 s4 pl4 money-boxes4    
,cog1 #fc_/ad1 v4 cheat1 defraud4 ,cog a
 dye1 to load a die4--,cotgrave4  ,a    
cogger1 un pipeur4 ,to cogge1           
piper--,the ,french ,schoolemaster1     
#afcf4    ,coile1 #d_/a1 s4 bustle1 hard
 work2 cf4 ,fr4 cuelle1 a mob1 tumult4  
,cold1 #ia_/b1 adj4 cooling4    ,cole1  
#eg_/ca1 s4 turf1 peat4    ,colewort1   
#ci_/aj1 s4 or collet1 cabbage4         
,brassica oleracea1 ,linn4              
,collembines1 #dc_/d1 s4 pl4 columbine4 
,lat4 columbina1 adj4 from  columba1 a  
pigeon1 from the resemblance of its     
nectaries to the  heads of pigeons in a 
ring round a dish1 a favourite device of
 ancient  artists4--,dr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,prior4
    ,comfort1 #ai_/ai1 s4 strength1     
fertility4    ,commodities1 #cg_/ag1 s4 

pl4 advantages4    ,compact1 #aab_/a1   
pp4 composed4 ,lat4 compactus1 from     
compango4  ,love is a spirit all compact
 of fire4--,venus and ,adonis1 #adi4    
,compas1 #dg_/c1 s4 manure1 compost4 ,o4
 ,fr4 compost1 from ,lat4  compositum4  
,compassing1 #ef_/a1 s4 manuring4       
99,compast1 #aa1 pp4 manured4           
99,compound1 #aa1 v4 imp4 agree1        
arrange4    ,confer1 page #b1 v4        
compare4 ,lat4 conferre4    ,confound1  
#fg_/bg1 v4 destroy1 spoil4    ,conie1  
#ae_/bj1 s4 a term of endearment4       
,conies1 #fc_/aj1 s4 pl4 rabbits4 ,welsh
 cwning4 ,irish coinni4 ,lat4           
cuniculus1 cognate with ,lat4 cuneus    
7what cleaves1 a wedge71 and  comes from
 the ,sanskrit root khan  to            
dig4--,palmer4    ,conserue1 #ia_/c1    
preserve4    ,constancie1 #i_/bc1 s4    
consistency1 firmness4    ,conster1     
#aad_/cd1 v4 understand4    ,contemne1  
#ajf_/g1 v4 pr4 t4 despise4 ,lat4       
contemnere4    ,continue1 #ai_/ce1 v4 to
 breed from1 to keep up stock from4     

,contrarie1 #fg_/be1 v4 imp4 oppose1    
contradict4    ,cooples1 #aj_/f1 s4     
couples1 husband and wife4    ,coosen1  
#fc_/ad1 v4 cheat1 swindle4             
,shakespere's cozen4    ,copie1 #dg_/h1 
s4 coppice4    ,coresie1 #ai_/bd1 s4    
annoyance1 trouble4    ,cornet plums1   
#cd_/g1 s4 cornel plums1 cornel         
cherries4    ,corneth1 #ge_/h1 v4 pr4 t4
 preserve and season1 cure4    ,corps1  
#ec_/a1 s4 body4    ,cost1 #cb_/e1 s4   
coast1 country4 ,see ,coast4            
,costmarie1 #db_/d1 s4 costmary1 called 
also ale-cost1 ,balsamita  vulgaris4    
,cote1 #eh_/aa1 v4 cogitate1 reflect4   
,coted1 #b_/h1 v4 pt4 t4 took note of1  
wrote down4 ,howe scripture  shulde be  
coted 7quoted74--,skelton1 ,colin       
,clout1 l4 #geh4    ,count1 #aj_/ba1 v4 
reckon1 be to counte  be of account1 be 
worth4    ,counterfait1 #fd_/bi1 adj4   
counterfeit1 sham1 false4    ,coursest1 
#ee_/d1 adj4 coarsest4    ,court1       
#hf_/aj1 s4 account1 examination4       
,cousleps1 #db_/e1 s4 pl4 cowslips4     

,couert1 #fc_/e1 covert1 underwood4     
,couertlie1 #i_/e1 adv4 closely4        
,cowlaske1 page #d1 s4 diarrha in       
cattle4 ,see ,fletcher's ,differences1  
#afbc1 p4 #cc4 ,laske1 v4  to relax1    
slacken4 ,see ,glossary to  ,william of 
,palerne1 ,e4 ,e4 ,text ,soc4 edit4     
,skeat4    ,coxcombe1 #fd_/ah2 ,coxcome1
 #aj_/dh1 s4 ,the cap of the licensed   
fool  had often on the top a cock's head
 and comb and some of the feathers4     
,therefore he strives for a coxcome  he 
will only succeed in proving  his own   
folly4    ,crabs1 #ae_/ag1 s4 pl4 crab  
apples4    ,cracketh1 #aj_/cg1 v4 pr4 t4
 half breaks1 injures4    ,cradle1      
#ag_/ad1 s4 ,a three-forked instrument  
of wood1 on which the  corn is caught as
 it falls from the sithe4--,t4,r4       
,crake1 #ah_/ba1 v4 brag1 boast4 ,dutch 
kraaken4    ,crakers1 #ed_/d1 s4 pl4    
boasters4    ,cram1 #aad_/ae1 v4 feed   
up1 satisfy4    ,creake1 #dg_/b1 to cry 
creak  to be afraid1 to desist from any 
object1 to repent4--,halliwell4         

,credit crackt1 #d_/a1 credit or trust  
broken4    ,creekes1 #di_/d1 s4 pl4     
corners1 seek creekes  hide herself4    
,creekes1 #ch_/bf1 s4 pl4 servants4     
,creepinglie1 #i_/cb1 adv4 stealthily1  
by degrees4    ,cresies1 #dj_/e1 s4     
cress4 ,fr4 cresson4 ,m4 ,lat4 crissomum
 from ,lat4  crescere1 to grow1 a       
celeritate crescendi4    ,crome1        
#ag_/ai1 s4 ,like a dung-rake with a    
very long handle4--,t4,r4    ,crone1    
#ef_/df1 v4 imp4 pick out the crones1   
i4e4 the old ewes4 ,the  meaning is1    
weed out your flocks4    ,crones1       
#ab_/d1 s4 pl4 ,ewes1 whose teeth are so
 worn down that they  can no longer keep
 their sheep-walk4--,t4,r4    ,crooked1 
#eg_/df1 adj4 deformed4    ,croppers1   
#ah_/ai1 s4 the best or most productive 
crops4    ,croppers1 #ai_/bj1 s4 pl4    
persons who extract crop after crop from
 the  land4    ,crosse1 #df_/i1 s4 a    
cross-piece4    ,crosse1 #i_/bi1 v4     
happen1 result unfavourably4            
,crosses1 #i_/bi1 s4 troubles1          

misfortunes4    ,crosserowe1 page #c1 s4
 called also ,christcrossrow2 the       
alphabet4 ,a  is the name of the first  
letter in the ,crosrowe4--,baret's      
,alvearie4    ,crotch1 #ea_/aj1 s4 a    
curved weeding tool4--,t4,r4            
,crotches1 #fj_/aa1 s4 pl4 crutches4    
,a4,s4 cryce4 ,l4 ,lat4 croccia1        
crucca4 ,h4 ,ger4 krcke4    ,crotchis1  
#eg_/ea1 s4 pl4 crooks1 hooks4 ,o4 ,fr4 
croche4    ,crowchmas1 #ej_/cf1 s4 ,st4 
,helen's ,day1 #crd ,may1 being the     
feast of  the ,invention of the ,holy   
,cross4    ,crowe1 #df_/i1 s4 crowbar4  
,cubboord1 #hi_/e1 s4 cupboard4         
,culters1 #ag_/aj1 s4 pl4 coulters4     
,cumbersome1 #aj_/ac1 adj4 troublesome1 
vexatious1 oppressive4    ,cummin1      
#de_/f1 s4 cumin1 a plant resembling    
fennel1 cultivated for its  seeds1 which
 have a bitterish warm taste1 and are   
used like those of  anise and carraway4 
,arabic kammn4 ,hebrew kammn4           
,cunnie1 #cf_/be1 s4 rabbit4            
,currant1 #aj_/dd1 adj4 current coin1   

good coin4    ,currey1 #fd99_/b1 v4 gain
 by flattery4 ,on the origin of this    
phrase see  ,leaves from a              
,word-,hunter's ,note ,book1 by ,rev4   
,a4 ,s4 ,palmer1 p4 #fc4    ,custome1   
#gg_/a1 s4 custom1 habit2 of custome  as
 a matter of course4    ,curtesie1      
#i_/h1 s4 courtesy1 respect4      ,d4   
99,dablith1 #bg1 v4 pr4 t4 make wet and 
dirty4    ,dads1 #ie_/e1 s4 pl4 fathers4
    ,daffadondillies1 #dc_/g1 s4 pl4    
daffodils4 ,narcissus pseudonarcissus1  
,linn4    ,daieth1 #fb_/h1 v4 pr4 t4    
names some future day for payment1 i4e4 
buys  on credit4    ,the moste part of  
my debtters have honestly payed1  ,and  
they that were not redy ,i have gently  
dayed4    --,wager's ,cruell ,debter1   
#aeff4    99,dainty1 #id1 adj4          
difficult1 lit4 choice1 excellent4      
,dallops1 #ed_/e1 s4 pl4 ,a patch or bit
 of ground lying here and there  among  
the corn4--,t4,r4 #eg_/ag1 ,tufts of    
corn such as are commonly seen  where   
dung-heaps have stood too long1 or in   

shady places4--,t4,r4    ,damsens1      
#cd_/h1 s4 pl4 damsons1 contracted from 
damascene  the  ,damascus plum4         
,dank1 #bb_/aa1 adj4 damp1 wet4         
,dare1 #b_/g1 v4 pain1 grieve4 ,a4,s4   
daru1 hurt4    ,darnell1 #fe_/a1 s4     
darnel1 the plant ,lolium perenne4      
,darnell or  ,iuraye in ,englishe also  
called ,raye4--,dodoens1 ,newe ,herball1
 #aegh4    ,darth1 #fc_/bd1 s4 dearth1  
dearness of food1 etc4    99,daunger1   
#ij_/h1 risk4    ,daw1 #ii_/b1 s4       
simpleton1 sluggard4    ,day1 #eg_/h1 s4
 day-work1 time-work4    ,dead1 #gh_/d1 
adj4 flat 7beer74 ,cf4 ,pallyd1 as      
drynke1  emortuus4--,prompt4 ,parv4     
,deaw1 #ef_/dh1 s4 dew1 damp4    ,deckt1
 #ajf_/b1 pp4 adorned1 beautified4      
,defende1 #hf_/g1 v4 avoid1 prevent4    
,deintily1 #ai_/cg1 adv4 dearly4        
,delaide1 #ff_/g1 pp4 tempered1         
moderated4    ,delue1 #ba_/ai1 v4 imp4  
dig4 ,a4,s4 delf1 delfan  to dig1 from  
,goth4  dailjan  to deal1 divide4 ,cf4  
,ger4 thal1 ,eng4 dale4    ,deluing1    

#cf_/ag1 pr4 p4 burrowing4    ,depart1  
#aj_/ef1 v4 imp4 give away1 part with4  
,descant1 #fh_/e1 v4 comment4 ,o4 ,fr4  
deschanter1 from ,l4 ,lat4  discantare4 
,despaire1 #eg_/aj2 ,dispaire1 #fc_/i1  
s4 injury1 damage4    ,despight1        
#ajf_/ab1 s4 despite4    ,det1 #aad_/ch1
 s4 debt4    ,detanie1 #de_/h1 s4       
,dittany or ,pepperwurt1 apparently a   
corruption of  ,lat4 dictamnus1 of which
 ,dodoens says3--,it is fondly and      
unlearnedly  called in ,english         
,dittany4 ,it were better in following  
the ,douchemen to  call it              
,pepperwurt4--,book v4 c4 #ff4 ,welsh   
,ddittain4    ,dew-retting1 #af_/be1 s4 
steeping flax by leaving it out all     
night on  the grass4 ,see               
,water-retting4    ,diall1 #fh_/g1 s4   
sundial4    ,dible1 #df_/bd1 s4 a       
planting or setting stick1 a dimin4 of  
dib   dip and allied to tip  a sharp    
point4 ,debbyll1 or settyng             
stycke4--,huloet4    ,dicing1 #aj_/dj1  
s4 gambling4    ,didall1 #ag_/ai1 s4 ,a 

triangular spade1 as sharp as a knife1  
excellent  to bank ditches1 where the   
earth is light and pestered with a sedgy
  weed4--,t4,r4    ,dide1 #aad_/aa1 v4  
pt4 t4 died4    ,digest1 #aa_/d1 v4     
quiet1 sooth4    ,dight1 #bc_/ai1 pp4   
prepared1 treated4 ,a4,s4 dihtan4       
,dike1 #c_/g1 s4 ditch1 dike1 fence4    
,a4,s4 dc4    ,dill1 #dd_/c1 s4 dill4   
,a4,s4 dil4 ,antheum graveolens4        
,dippings1 #hf_/c1 s4 pl4 dripping1     
grease1 etc41 collected by the cook4    
,discharge1 #ec_/c1 v4 relieve you of   
the trouble4    ,discurtesy1 #i_/ai1 s4 
incivility1 rudeness4    ,dispaire1     
#eg_/ec1 v4 injure1 depreciate4         
,dissurie1 #aad_/bf1 s4 the strangury4  
,distaffe1 #fg_/ae1 s4 distaff4         
,docking the dell1 #aj_/dj1 dissipation4
 ,see ,grose's ,dict4 s4v4 ,dock4       
,docks1 #ag_/aa1 s4 pl4 weeds4          
99,dockes1 #bg1 s4 pl4 8    ,dole1      
#cc_/af1 s4 share4    ,doles1 #dh_/f1 s4
 pl4 boundary marks1 either a post or a 
mound of  earth2 also1 a balk or slip of

 unploughed ground4    ,dolt1 #cc_/cg1  
s4 stupid1 fool4    ,don1 #ajf_/ba1 pp4 
done4    ,doo of1 #cc_/ci1 v4 imp4 get  
rid of4    ,doong1 #ai_/bi1 s4 dung1    
manure4    ,doong ,crone1 #ag_/g1 s4 a  
crook or staff with hooked end for      
drawing  dung4    ,doonged1 #ec_/ba1 pp4
 dunged1 manured4    ,doted1 #b_/h1 v4  
pt4 t4 became foolish1 was silly4 ,fr4  
dotter1  radoter1 to dote1              
rave4--,cotgrave4 ,cf4 ,piers ,plowman1 
,thou doted  daffe4    ,doughtful1      
#aae_/c1 adj4 doubtful4    ,douse1      
#aj_/g1 s4 strumpet1 prostitute2 the    
same word as ,doxy4  ,halliwell1 s4v4   
,douce1 quotes this passage1 and renders
 douse by a  pat in the face1 but s4v4  
,dowse he gives the correct meaning4    
,dout1 #hg_/g1 s4 danger1 risk1         
difficulty4    ,doues1 #ef_/bd1 s4 pl4  
doves1 pigeons4    ,dowebake1 #gi_/b1 s4
 dough1 underbaked bread4    ,drab1     
#gg_/e1 s4 sloven1 loose woman4         
,dragons1 #de_/g1 s4 the herb           
,serpentine1 ,serpentarie1 or           

,dragonwort4    ,dredge1 #af_/ac1 s4 a  
mixture of oats and barley4 ,dragge1    
menglyd  corne 7drage or mestlyon71     
mixtio4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,see ,note     
,e#ia4    ,drest1 #di_/h1 pp4 treated4  
,dreue1 #ce_/db1 ,driue1 #cc_/db1 v4    
follow you up1 press you4    ,dreuils1  
#aad_/ab1 ,driuell1 #gi_/a1 s4 wasters1 
spendthrifts4    ,drift1 #aj_/ac1 s4    
end1 aim1 design1 #aad_/ci1 course1 such
 drift to make   to drift along in such 
a manner4    ,drines1 #ec_/bj1 s4       
dryness4    ,drinke corn1 #ah_/bd1 s4   
barley4    ,driping1 #ce_/ad1 v4        
dripping on1 keeping wet4    ,driue1    
#af_/bj1 v4 drive out of their hives for
 the purpose of taking  the honey4      
,droie1 #ha_/c1 s4 a drudge1 servant4   
,see note in ,prompt4 ,parv4 s4v4       
,deye4    ,drousie1 #hi_/d1 adj4 the    
drowsy1 the sleepy4    ,drout1 #ad_/c1  
s4 drought1 dry weather4    ,drowseth1  
#fb_/ac1 v4 pr4 t4 droops1 gives way4   
,drudge1 #g_/a1 s4 slave1 mean servant4 
,duck1 #ee_/f1 s4 docks1 dockweed4      

,dun1 #hb_/b1 pp4 finished1 done for4   
,dy1 #ce_/bd1 s4 a die1 as close as a dy
  as close as possible4      ,e4        
,earthes1 #ce_/ej1 s4 pl4 a ploughing4  
,a4,s4 earian4 ,lat4 arare1 to  plough4 
,in the ,catholicon ,anglicum we find ,a
 dayserth or daysardawe1  juger1        
jugerum4 ,see also ,ray and ,halliwell1 
s4v4 ,arders4    ,easeth1 #id_/i1 v4 pr4
 t4 indulges1 pleases4    ,eaw1 #fg_/bd1
 s4 ewe4    ,eb1 #ad_/e1 s4 ebb4 ,a4,s4 
ebba4    ,ech1 #eg_/bc1 adj4 each4      
,edder1 #cc_/ac1 s4 ,such fence wood as 
is commonly put upon the top of  ,fences
 and binds or interweaves each          
other4--,t4,r4    ,edish1 #ah_/d1 s4    
stubble after the corn is cut4          
,roughings4 ,edisc is  an old ,saxon    
word signifying sometimes roughings1    
aftermathes4 ,see  ,glossaries1 ,b #ae1 
,b #af1 ,e4 ,d4 ,soc4    ,edmond1 ,st41 
#bj_/ab1 ,st4 ,edmund's ,day1 #bjth     
,november4    ,eie1 #eg_/i1 s4 eye1     
attention4    ,eiebright1 #dd_/e1 s4    
common eyebright1 ,euphrasia            

officinalis1  formerly much used as a   
remedy for diseases of the eye4         
,eies1 #aad_/d1 s4 pl4 eyes4    ,eke1   
#ff_/f1 adv4 also1 too1 ,a4,s4 eac1 ec4 
,elfe1 #aad_/ad1 s4 creature2 #hf_/aa1 a
 servant4    ,elues1 #bb_/c1 s4 pl4     
young cattle4    ,embraid1 #aac_/g1 v4  
imp4 upbraid1 abuse4    ,embrings1      
#ab_/f1 s4 pl4 the ,ember-days1 being   
the ,wednesday1 ,friday1  and ,saturday 
after the first ,sunday in ,lent1 the   
feast of ,whitsuntide1  the #adth       
,september1 and the #acth ,december4    
,endiue1 #ia_/b1 s4 endive4    ,enuite1 
#af_/cb1 v4 invite1 call4    ,er1       
#ef_/ba1 adv4 ere1 before4 ,er an  ere  
than  before that4    ,erecting1 #a_/a1 
pr4 p4 sustaining1 strengthening4       
,erie1 #eg_/aa2 ,ery1 #ah_/ag1 adj4     
every4    ,estate1 #aj_/c1 s4 condition1
 position4    ,etch1 #cf_/c1 s4 stubble1
 edish1 q4v4    ,exceptions1 #ai_/be1 s4
 pl4 differences1 distinctions4         
,exeltred1 #ag_/f1 adj4 furnished with  
an axle-tree4    ,expulsed1 #a_/d1 v4   

pt4 t4 expelled1 drove away4            
,extolst1 #aab_/f1 v4 pr4 t4 praise1    
extol4    ,ey1 #ii_/b1 s4 attention1    
forgetting his eye  neglecting his duty 
by  staring or gaping about4 ,see ,eie4 
,f4    ,fall1 #ce_/cb1 v4 pr4 t4 are    
born4    ,falleth1 #bj_/a1 v4 pr4 t4    
falls off1 loses flesh4    ,falt1       
#ce_/dc1 s4 fault4    ,fansies1 #b_/ac1 
s4 fancies1 whims4    ,fare1 #b_/e1 s4  
treatment4    ,fare1 #cc_/cc1 v4 farrow1
 litter4    ,fare1 #aj_/cb1 v4 prosper1 
fare4 ,a4,s4 faran4    ,farnesse1       
#ad_/d1 s4 distance1 length4    ,fasting
 daie1 #aj_/ea1 s4 a day on which it was
 forbidden to eat food  of any          
description4    ,fat1 #ah_/cd1 adj4     
fattened beasts4    ,fat1 #eg_/ed1 s4   
vat1 vessel4    ,fats up1 #ae_/bh1 v4   
pr4 t4 fattens up4    ,fautie1 #ii_/b1  
adj4 faulty4    ,fauoreth1 #eb_/bd1 v4  
pr4 t4 help1 improve4    ,fay1 #gg_/d1  
s4 faith1 word4 ,o4 ,fr4 fei4    ,feaw1 
#ef_/dh1 adj4 few1 a few4    ,feawe1    
#ej_/a1 adj4 little time1 while4 ,a4,s4 

feawe1 few4    ,fees1 #cc_/ab1 s4 pl4   
pay1 reward4    ,feft1 #aad_/cc1 pp4    
enfeoffed1 endowed4    ,fellowes1       
#eg_/i1 s4 pl4 companions1 mates4 ,o4   
,icel4 flagi1 a  companion4             
,fellowlie1 #aj_/ee1 adj4 friendly1     
neighbourly4 ,cf4    ,mine eyes 444     
,fall fellowly drops4    --,tempest1    
,act v4 sc4 i4 #fd4    ,see also        
,abbot's ,shaksperean ,grammar1  #ddg4  
,fence1 #fc_/b1 s4 defence1 protection4 
,fenell1 #ci_/ac1 s4 fennel4 ,fniculum  
vulgare4    ,fennie1 #ce_/dd1 adj4      
mouldy1 vinewed4 ,moisi2 mouldy1 hoary1 
vinowed4--,cotgrave4    ,ferme1 #aj_/ac1
 s4 farm4    ,fermer1 #ai_/ah1 s4       
farmer4    ,fetches1 #fd_/b1 s4 pl4     
tricks1 stratagems4 ,harrison1          
,descript4 of  ,eng41 has3 it be a      
vertue to deal without anie suspicious  
fetches1  p4 #aae1 ed4 #aehg4           
,fetherfew1 #dc_/i1 s4 feverfew4 ,so    
named from its supposed febrifugal      
qualities4 ,a4,s4 feferfuge4            
,fetters1 #ag_/ba1 s4 pl4 chains for the

 feet4    ,fewell1 #ej_/cj1 s4 fuel4 ,o4
 ,fr4 fouaille1 from ,l4 ,lat4 focale1  
from ,lat4 focus1 a hearth4    ,fide1   
#ba_/ba1 pp4 purified1 cleansed4        
,fie1 #bj_/ba1 v4 cleanse4 ,icel4 fgja4 
,cf4 ,ger4 fegen4    ,fieing1 #ec_/ah1  
v4 cleaning out4 ,feying1 ,cleaning a   
,ditch or ,pond1 so  as the water may   
come clear4--,t4,r4 ,see ,fie4          
,fiemble1 #ee_/h1 adj4 a corruption of  
female1 the female hemp4    99,fierbote1
 #fe1 s4 the right to take wood for     
burning4 ,see ,peacock's  ,gloss4 of    
,manley and ,corringham1 ,e4,d4,s4      
,filbeards1 #cd_/i1 s4 pl4 filberts4    
,various derivations have been  given   
for this word3 one1 the most probable1  
from full and beard1  referring to the  
long beard or husk with which it is     
provided3 cf4  ,ger4 bart-nusz  bearded 
nut4    ,filbellie1 #aj_/dj1 s4         
extravagance in food4    ,filchers1     
#aj_/ed1 s4 pl4 pilferers4 ,scot4 pilk  
to pick4 ,she has  pilkit his           
pouch4--,jamieson4    ,filcheth1        

#fc_/ac1 v4 pr4 t4 steals1 pilfers4     
99,fildes1 #ch1 s4 pl4 fields4          
,fisgig1 #gg_/h1 s4 a worthless fellow3 
a light-heeled wench4--,craven4  ,a     
fisgig1 or fisking housewife1           
trotire4--,howell1 #affj4 ,still in  use
 in ,lincolnshire4    ,fishdaie1        
#aj_/ea1 s4 a day in which fish is      
allowed to be eaten1 but  no flesh4     
,fitchis1 #ec_/aa1 s4 pl4 tares1        
vetches4    ,fitly1 #ib_/c1 adj4        
suitable1 fit4    ,flacks1 #ej_/af1 s4  
flax4 ,a4,s4 fleax4 ,o4 ,h4 ,ger4 flaks4
    ,flaies1 #ah_/c s4 pl4 flails4      
,flap1 #he_/g1 s4 a stroke with the     
flail4    ,flawnes1 #ij_/e1 s4 pl4 ,a   
custard1 generally made in raised paste4
  ,fr4 flan1 a custard or egg-pie4 ,a   
flawne or custard4--,baret's  ,alvearie1
 #aehj4    ,fleering1 #fd_/ag1 v4 pr4 p4
 laughing1 grinning4 ,to fleer and      
scorn at our solemnity4--,shakspere1    
,rom4 and ,jul4 i4 #e4 ,i fleere1  ,i   
make an yvell countenaunce with the     
mouthe by vncoveryng of the             

tethe4--,palsgrave4    ,fleming1        
#cg_/bb1 ,flemming1 #ah_/cg1 s4         
,dutchmen1 ,dutch coasting traders4     
,flixe1 #ah_/da1 s4 a flux4    ,floted1 
#di_/a1 v4 pt4 t4 skimmed off the cream4
 ,flet1 as mylke or  other lyke1        
despumatus4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,escrme1   
fleeted as  milk4--,cotgrave4           
99,flotte1 #gb_/;e1 pp4 skimmed4        
,flower1 #eb_/ad1 s4 8 floor4    ,flower
 armor1 #dc_/aj1 s4 ,the floure gentill 
or purple velvet  floure4--,lyte's      
,dodoens1 p4 #afh4 ,fr4 ,floramor1 in   
,cotgrave la noble  fleur1 from its     
resemblance to the plumes worn by people
 of rank4  ,amaranthus tricolor4        
,flower gentle1 #dc_/ab1 s4 a species of
 ,amaranth4 ,amaranthus spinosa4        
,flower de luce1 #dc_/aa1 s4 ,iris1 or  
flower-de-luce4 ,fr4  fleur-de-lis4 ,a  
plant of the genus ,iris1 in particular 
,iris  pseudacorus1 the yellow ,iris or 
water flag4    ,foison1 #ce_/d2 ,foizon1
 #aad_/cg1 s4 plenty4 ,foyzon is winter 
food4--,t4,r4 ,fr4 foison1 from ,lat4   

fusionem1 from fundere4  ,cotgrave gives
 ,foison3 f4 store1 plentie1 abundance1 
great  fullnesse1 enough4 ,the word     
still exists in the ,scotch foison or   
fusion1 and the adj4 fusionless or      
fissenless4 ,forby explains it  as      
,succulency1 natural nutritive moisture1
 as e4g4 there is no  foison in this    
hay4    ,foistines1 #eg_/e2 ,foistnes1  
#ba_/e2 ,foystines1 #bj_/e1 s4          
mustiness1  mould4 ,o4 ,fr4 fust1 a     
cask1 fust1 tasting or smelling of the  
cask1  musty4    ,foisty1 #ai_/ci1 adj4 
musty4    ,fondlie1 #aj_/bf2 ,fondly1   
#fg_/i1 adv4 foolishly4 ,fon  to play   
the  fool4 ,jamieson1 ,scott4 ,dict4    
,for1 #i_/i1 prep4 in spite of1         
regardless of4    ,for1 #i_/ah4 ,here   
and in numerous instances in ,tusser for
 means for  fear of1 to prevent4        
,forbearer1 #ac_/c1 s4 one who refuses4 
,forborne1 #ac_/b1 pp4 withheld1        
refused4    99,forehorse1 #id1 s4 one   
who is always in advance with his work1 
never  behindhand2 the opposite to a    

procrastinator4    ,forke1 #bb_/i1 s4   
pitchfork1 hayfork4    99,fornight1 #ea1
 s4 a fortnight4    ,forrough1 #af_/ae1 
s4 furrow4 ,a4,s4 furh4    ,foyson1     
#aj_/f1 s4 plenty4 ,see ,foison4        
,fough1 #ajb_/e1 interject1 faugh6 phew6
 an exclamation4    ,fraid1 #b_/h1 v4   
pt4 t4 frightened1 made afraid4         
,fraie1 #ec_/bb1 s4 quarrel1 fray4      
,fraight1 #aad_/bd1 s4 freight1 cargo4  
,frailnes1 #aj_/fb1 s4 frailty1         
uncertainty4    ,frame1 #eg_/a1 v4 make4
    ,framed1 #b_/ae1 pp4 arranged1      
composed4    ,fransie1 #hh_/d1 s4       
madness4    ,fraud1 #fb_/ae1 v4 obtain  
by fraud4    ,fraught1 #fd_/e1 pp4      
laden1 freighted4    ,fray1 #gg_/d1 s4  
disturbance1 trouble4    ,freat1 #bc_/b1
 v4 imp4 be vexed4    ,freat1 #ea_/aa1  
v4 damage1 decay1 eat away4    ,as doth 
an hidden moth  ,the inner garment fret4
    --,spenser1 ,faery ,queene1 ii4 #cd4
    ,see ,wedgwood's ,dict4 s4v4 ,fret4 
,freeseth1 #ce_/a1 v4 pr4 t4 freezes4   
,a4,s4 freosan4 ,o4 ,icel4 friosa4      

,dan4 fryse4    ,frier1 #hf_/ad1 s4     
friar4    ,fritters1 #ij_/c s4 pl4 small
 pancakes with apples in them4          
,frytoure1  lagana 7a                   
pancake74--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,a fritter or
 pancake2 a kind of  bread for children1
 as fritters and wafers4--,baret's      
,alvearie1 #aehj4    ,froth1 #ce_/c1    
adj4 tender1 perhaps originally  pulpy4 
,frower1 #ag_/h1 s4 a frow1 an iron     
instrument for rending or splitting     
laths4 ,also called ,frommard4          
,fumetorie1 #dd_/g2 ,fumentorie1 #ia_/c1
 s4 ,fumitory4 ,fumaria  officinalis1 so
 called from its rank disagreeable      
smell3 formerly used  as an             
anti-scorbutic3 it is called erthesmok  
earthsmoke in ,,ms4  ,sloane #e1 f4 #e4 
,furmentie pot1 #ij_/g1 s4 hulled wheat 
boiled in milk1 and seasoned  with      
cinnamon1 sugar1 etc4 ,see note ,e#deh4 
,g    ,gadding1 #aj_/ea1 v4 going about 
gossipping4    ,gaffe1 #bb_/ah1 v4 man1 
gaffer4 ,formerly a common mode of      
address1  equivalent to friend1         

neighbour4--,halliwell4    ,gage1       
#id_/ac1 s4 pawn1 sweepeth to gage      
hurries to pledge or place  in pawn4    
99,gage1 #ec1 v4 assert1 maintain4      
,galling1 #eg_/ca1 v4 causing sore or   
bare places4    ,gallond1 #ai_/db1 s4   
gallon4    ,gap1 #aad_/bj1 s4 an        
opening1 cause4    ,gaping1 #eg_/de1 pr4
 p4 being greedy1 grasping4    ,garlike1
 #ba_/ab1 s4 garlic4    ,garmander1     
#db_/h1 s4 germander4 ,fr4 gamandre1    
from ,lat4 chamdrys4    ,garson1        
#cc_/da1 s4 boy1 lad4 ,fr4 garon4       
,gasing1 #ii_/a1 pr4 p4 gazing1 staring4
    ,gate1 #fd_/ag1 s4 walk1 gait4      
,gayler1 #hf_/aa1 s4 guardian1          
housekeeper4    ,geanie1 #b_/f1 adj4    
profitable1 useful4 ,a4,s4 ggn1 fit1    
suitable4  ,robert de ,brunne in his    
,history of ,england1 #ccgf1 has1 a     
geiner way   a more direct advantageous 
way4 ,scot4 gane1 fit1 useful4 ,lanc4   
gainest way  the shortest cut4    ,geld1
 #ae_/ag1 s4 castrate1 spay4            
99,gentiles1 #ag1 s4 pl4 gentle-folk4   

,gentilie1 #i_/ad1 adv4 kindly1 with    
proper respect4    ,gentils1 #di_/;c1 s4
 pl4 gentles1 maggots4    ,gentlenes1   
#ajb_/g1 s4 gentlemanly manners4        
,gently1 #ajb_/g1 adv4 as gentlemen1 in 
a gentlemanly manner4    ,gentrie1      
#aad_/cc1 s4 true nobility4    ,gesse1  
#aad_/a1 v4 imp4 guess1 believe4        
,gest1 #d_/b1 s4 a guest4 ,a4,s4 gest4  
,get1 #i_/e1 v4 earn4    ,gettings1     
#i_/e1 s4 earnings4    ,giddie braine1  
#aj_/bc1 adj4 giddy1 unsteady4          
,giles1 #aad_/ah1 s4 pl4 traps1 deceits4
    ,gillet1 #ej_/cj1 s4 lad4 ,gael1    
gille1 giolla1 a lad4 ,halliwell gives  
an instrument for thatching as the      
meaning in this passage1 but why1  ,i do
 not know4    ,gillian spendal1 #bc_/ah1
 wasteful1 careless housekeeper4        
,giloflowers1 #ae_/db1 s4 pl4           
carnations1 pinks4 ,fr4 girofle1  from  
,lat4 caryophyllus1 a clove1 from the   
clove-like smell of the                 
flowers4--,wedgwood4    ,gin1 #aj_/ai1  
s4 trap4    ,ginnes1 #ajf_/bb1 s4 pl4   

means1 contrivances4    ,ginnie1 #ij_/e1
 ,jenny4    ,ginny1 #cc_/ch1 s4 a name  
for a filly4 ,mavor reads ,jilly4       
,gise1 #ig_/d1 s4 fashion1 way4         
,gloues1 #eg_/i1 s4 pl4 gloves4    ,god 
night1 #ah_/di4 ,a phrase equivalent to 
it is all over1 it is too  late4        
,goef1 #ee_/d1 s4 the stack or rick4    
,goeler1 #df_/d1 adj4 ,the ,goeler is   
the yellower1 which are the best  setts1
 old roots 7of hops7 being red4--,t4,r4 
,a4,s4 geolewe4    ,gofe1 #ef_/bj1 s4   
rick1 stack4 ,in ,addit4 ,,ms4 #abie1 a 
,lat4 ,eng4 ,vocab4  written in ,norfolk
 in the #aeth century1 occur ,gelimo1 to
 golue1  ,ingelimum1 golfe4 ,palsgrave  
gives a goulfe of corne4    ,gofe       
ladder1 #ag_/a1 s4 a ladder for hay     
ricks4    ,gole1 #aae_/c1 s4 goal1      
prize4    ,goom1 #cc_/ei1 s4 gum4       
,goordes1 #da_/e1 s4 pl4 gourds4 ,lat4  
cucurbita4    ,gossep1 #id_/g1 s4       
gossips1 companions4    ,got1 #aad_/af1 
pp4 caught4    ,gotten1 #aj_/d1 pp4     
earned1 acquired4    ,gould1 #c_/c1 s4  

gold1 money4    ,goue1 #eg_/aj1 pp4 laid
 up in the barn in the straw4 ,another  
form  of ,goaf4 ,goulfe of corne1 so    
moche as may lye betwene two            
postes4--,palsgrave4 ,dan4 gulve  to lay
 corn sheaves on the floor1  from ,dan4 
gulv1 a floor4    ,gouing1 #eg_/bc1 v4  
laying up in the barn in the straw4 ,see
 ,goue4    ,graffing1 #df_/aj1 s4       
grafting4 ,o4 ,fr4 grafe1 from ,lat4    
graphium1 a  pencil1 from the           
resemblance of the graft to a pointed   
pencil4    ,grassebeefe1 #ab_/d1 s4 beef
 of an ox fattened upon grass4          
,grate1 #aj_/bi1 s4 prison 7grating74   
,greaseth1 #fh_/b1 v4 pr4 t4 bribes1    
enriches4    ,great1 #eg_/h1 by great   
task or piece-work1 in contradistinction
 to  day-work4    ,greedie gainfull1    
#b_/ac1 adj4 greedy for gain4           
,greefe1 #hi_/h1 s4 trouble1 worry4     
,gregorie1 #df_/b4 ,st4 ,gregory's ,day1
 #abth ,march4    ,grinstone1 #ag_/h1 s4
 grindstone4    ,gromel1 #de_/i1 s4 the 
plant ,gromwell4 ,lithospermum arvense1 

,linn4    ,grosest1 #ai_/ah1 adj4       
heaviest1 thickest1 ,fr4 gros4          
,grosse1 #ah_/ah1 adj4 coarse4          
,grossum caput1 #ie_/a1 a blockhead1    
stupid4    ,grotes1 #cc_/df1 s4 pl4     
money 7groats74 ,l4 ,ger4 grot  a large 
piece  7of money71 so called because    
before this coin was issued by ,edward  
,,iii41 the ,english had no larger      
silver coin than the penny4    ,gruch1  
#eg_/ai2 ,grutch1 #hf_/b1 v4 grudge4 ,o4
 ,fr4 grouchier1 to grumble4            
,grutching1 #aj_/h1 s4 grumbling4       
,guise1 #hi_/ab1 99,guyse1 #e1 s4 habit1
 custom4    ,gunstone1 #aj_/ai1 s4 a    
ball of stone1 used in heavy artillery  
before  the introduction of iron        
shot4--,nares' ,gloss4    ,gutted1      
#df_/d1 pp4 taken off from the old      
roots4    99,gutting1 #bg1 v4 cutting   
up1 making ruts in4        ,h4          
,haberden1 #bc_/ab1 s4 that kind of cod 
which is usually  salted4--,nares4 8    
,aberdeen haddocks4    ,hacking1        
#ec_/ae1 v4 hewing down1 cutting of     

trees4    ,had ,i wist1 #gg_/h1 lit4 had
 ,i known3 foole had ,i wist  foolish   
and  useless regrets4    99,haft1 #fj1  
v4 imp4 ,act like a miser1 be a niggard4
 ,the sentence  then reads ',be not     
niggardly towards ,god of the goods ,he 
sends you4'  ,haft1 to grasp 7an        
extension of the verb to have71 and     
hence to  save1 be a niggard1 is        
preserved in hafter1 a miser1 saver2    
which see  in my ,notes to ,p4 ,plowman1
 l4 #aig1 p4 #aag4 ,see nine examples of
 this  word in ,skelton1 ed4 ,dyce1 ii4 
#ajh4--,note by ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat4   
,the  word1 however1 seems to bear even 
a stronger meaning1 for ,cooper1 in  his
 ,thesaurus1 #aehd1 has ,cauilla1 a     
mocke1 a scoffe1 an haftyng  question1 a
 cauill4 ,the words haft not to godward 
thus may mean do  not grumble at1 find  
fault with1 or question the justice of  
what ,god  sends you4    ,haie1 #fc_/bd1
 s4 hay4 ,a4,s4 haga4    ,haier1        
#eg_/ea1 s4 cloth made of goats' hair4  
,haile1 #ae_/cd1 adj4 sound1 strong4    

,a4,s4 hl4    ,hailoft1 #hi_/f1 s4      
hay-lofts4    ,haithorne1 #cd_/bh1 s4   
hawthorn4 ,a4,s4 hagaorn from haga      
hedge1  haw4 ,ger4 hagedorn4            
,hallomas1 #bc_/a1 s4 the ,feast of ,all
 ,saints4 ,hallowmas1 i4e4 ,all         
,saints' ,day1 ,nov4 #a1 was1 in        
,tusser's time1 ten days nearer the     
winter  solstice than now4              
,hallontide1 #ba_/a4 ,all ,saints' ,day1
 #ast ,november4    ,handsome1 #dh_/ah1 
adj4 useful1 ready1 handy4 ,a4,s4 hand1 
hond1 the  hand4 ,prompt4 ,parv4 gives  
handsum1 manualis4    ,handsomly1       
#ba_/bd1 adv4 neatly1 trimly4           
,hardhead1 #ga_/d1 adj4 hardy1 brave4   
,hardlie1 #aj_/ej1 adv4 with difficulty4
    ,harlots1 #gd_/d1 s4 pl4 tramps1    
vagrants1 or disreputable characters of 
either sex4 ,an harlott1 balator1       
rusticus4--,cathol4 ,anglicum4          
,harmes1 #af_/ae1 s4 in harm's way1 in  
danger4    ,harolds ,booke1 #aad_/aa1 s4
 pl4 the ,books of the ,college of      
,heralds4    ,hart1 #ai_/ac1 s4         

strength1 fertility4    ,harted1        
#dh_/ag1 pp4 provided with a good heart1
 or1 as we should now  say1 a good      
bottom2 strengthened4    99,harthe1 #fe1
 s4 hearth4    ,hartilie1 #aj_/ee1 adj4 
hearty4    ,hartstong1 #de_/aj1 s4 the  
,heartstongue1 ,ceterach officinarum1 so
  called from the shape of the frond4   
,hastings1 #ah_/cb1 s4 pl4 an early     
variety of peas1 soone ripe1 soone      
rotten4--,d4 ,rogers' ,naaman4          
,hauke1 #ef_/dd1 s4 hawking1 falconry4  
,haunt1 #fg_/ad1 v4 follow1 pursue1 be  
accustomed4 ,o4 ,fr4 hanter1 to  pursue4
    ,haunting1 #af_/ca1 adj4            
frequenting1 in the habit of coming4    
,hauocke1 #gg_/c1 s4 havoc1 waste4      
,hawe1 #cf_/ac1 s4 the berries of the   
hawthorn1 hips4    ,hawme1 #ee_/ad1 s4  
haulm1 straw4 ,haulm1 straw left in an  
esh or  gratten2 stubble1 thatch4 ,sax4 
hlme1 culmus1 calamus4 ,icel4 halmur1   
palea4--,bish4 ,kennett's ,,ms4 ,ray    
gives haulm or helm1 stubble  gathered  
after the corn is inned4    ,hazard1    

#bc_/aa1 s4 danger4    ,heale1 #ai_/cg1 
v4 to recover1 be cured4    ,healthsom1 
#aa_/h1 adj4 healthy1 invigorating4     
99,heare1 #da1 s4 hair4    ,hearesaie1  
#b_/aj1 s4 hearsay1 report4    ,hearie1 
#di_/g1 adj4 hairy1 full of hairs4      
,a4,s4 hr4 ,o4 ,icel4 hr1  hair4        
,heate1 #gf_/b1 pp4 heated1 hot4        
,heawers1 #dg_/h1 s4 pl4 woodcutters4   
,a4,s4 heawan1 to cut4    ,hed1 #hi_/i1 
s4 head1 mind4    ,hedlonds1 #eb_/ag1 s4
 pl4 headlands4    ,hew1 #aac_/a1 s4    
colour1 changed hew  have changed1      
become  unfavourable4    ,hew prowler1  
#ce_/be4 ,hugh ,prowler is our ,author's
 name for a  night-walker4--,t4,r4      
,hid1 #b_/aa1 s4 care1 heed4 ,a4,s4     
hdan4    ,hier1 #bc_/i1 s4 business1    
duty4    ,hight1 #aad_/c1 v4 pt4 t4 was 
called1 named4 ,o4 ,eng4 higt1 higte4   
,a4,s4 htte from hatan1 to call1 name4  
,hilback1 #aj_/dj1 s4 cover back1 i4e4  
clothes1 extravagance in dress4         
,kennett1 ,,ms4 ,lansdowne              
#ajcc4--;,halliwell4 ,a4,s4 hilan1      

helan1 to cover4    ,hindring1 #hh_/c1  
v4 injuring1 damaging4    ,hir1 #ce_/ea1
 poss4 pr4 their4 ,a4,s4 heor4          
,hobbard de ,hoy1 #fj_/c1 s4 a lad      
approaching manhood4 ,hober-de-hoy1     
half a man and half a boy4--,ray's      
,gloss4    ,hogscote1 #ag_/ba1 s4 a pen 
or sty for hogs4    ,holds1 #cc_/dj1 v4 
pr4 t4 equals1 gains equal4             
,holiokes1 #dc_/ae1 s4 pl4 hollyhocks4  
,a4,s4 holihoc4    ,homelie1 #a_/b1 adj4
 plain1 homely1 unpretending4    ,hone1 
#df_/i1 s4 a common rubber or           
whetstone4--,t4,r4    ,honie1 #ajf_/d1  
adj4 sweet4    ,horehound1 #de_/aa1 s4  
horehound4 ,a4,s4 hara-hune1 or possibly
 a  corruption of ,lat4 urinaria1 the   
plant being considered a sovereign      
remedy in cases of strangury and        
dysuria4    ,horselock1 #ag_/ba1 s4     
shackles for horses' feet4              
,horseteeme1 #ag_/aj1 s4 team of horses4
    ,hostis1 #aj_/h1 s4 pl4             
entertainers4    ,housholdry1 #i_/aa1 s4
 furniture and articles for domestic    

use4    ,houell1 #eb_/h1 s4 barn1       
outhouse4    ,houen1 #di_/d1 pp4        
swelled4 ,a4,s4 hebban1 hefan 7pp4      
hofen71 to  heave1 raise4 ,o4 ,h4 ,ger4 
hevan4    ,hower1 #ajg_/d1 s4 hour4     
,howse1 #eg_/cb1 v4 imp4 house4    ,hoy1
 #eg_/ac1 v4 imp4 drag1 frighten1 drive 
away by crying1 hoy1 hoy6    ,hull1     
#cf_/bc1 s4 holly4    ,huluer1 #dh_/aj1 
s4 holly4 ,o4 ,icel4 hulfr4             
,hurtilberies1 #cd_/ac1 s4 pl4 the      
hurtle-berry or whortleberry1  bilberry4
    ,hutch1 #aj_/dg1 s4 money chest or  
box4 ,a4,s4 hwca  chest1 an             
unauthorised 78 invented7 form1 due to  
,somner4 ,o4 ,fr4 houche4      ,i4      
99,iayle1 #hh1 s4 a gaol1 prison4       
,ictus sapit1 #b_/h4 ,lat4 ,prov4 ,see  
,note ,e#ae4    ,indian eie1 #dc_/af1 s4
 the ,pink1 so called from the          
eye-shaped marking  of the corolla4     
,inholder1 #ig_/a1 s4 innkeeper4        
,inned1 #bc_/ai1 pp4 saved1 housed4     
,intreating1 #hh_/e1 s4 treatment4      
,inuest1 #aa_/h1 v4 surround4    ,ise1  

#aab_/b1 s4 ice4    ,isop1 #db_/i1 s4   
hyssop4 ,a name assigned in the         
,authorised ,version of  the ,bible to  
the caper4    ,ist1 #e_/c1 is it4       
,iuie1 #ej_/f1 99,iuye1 #db1 s4 ivy4    
,a4,s4 ifig4      ,j4    ,jack1 #ag_/bj1
 s4 a horse or wooden frame upon which  
wood is sawn4    ,jack1 #he_/aj1 s4 a   
drinking vessel containing half a pint  
according to  ,grose1 and quarter of a  
pint according to ,pegge1 and ,peacock's
 ,gloss4  of ,manley and ,corringham4   
,jade1 #ag_/c1 s4 an ill-tempered horse4
    ,janting1 #hg_/c1 v4 driving4       
,cotgrave gives another form of the word
  in ,english4 lancer un cheval4 ,to    
stirre a horse in the stable till  hee  
sweat withall2 or 7as our7 to iaunt2 an 
old word4 ,jaunt is found  in ,romeo and
 ,juliet1 ii4 #e1 #bf1 ,what a jaunt    
have ,i had6 and in  line #ec of the    
same scene3    ,to catch my death with  
jaunting up and down4    ,cf4 also      
,richard ,,ii4 v4 #e1 #id4    ,jarring1 
#hh_/c1 s4 quarrelling1 scolding4       

,jerke1 #fd99_/i1 s4 stroke1 blow4 ,see 
,yerke4    ,jet1 #aad_/ch1 v4 strut     
about1 walk proudly4 ,fr4 jetter4       
,along the streetes as he doth jetting  
passe1  ,his outside showes him for an  
inward asse4    --,rowland's ,knave of  
,hearts1 #afac4    ,jettie1 #fh_/a1 v4  
walk or strut about4    ,jobbing1       
#cg_/ab1 v4 pecking4 ,as an ass with a  
galled back was feeding  in a meadow1 a 
raven pitched upon him1 and their sate  
jobbing of the  sore4--,l',estrange's   
,esop4    ,john ,baptist1 #ab_/d4 ,the  
feast of ,st4 ,john the ,baptist1 #bdth 
,june4    ,jornie1 #eg_/ch1 v4 pr4 t4 go
 on a journey1 start4    ,just1 #eg_/aj1
 adv4 neatly1 trimly4      ,k4    ,karle
 hempe1 #ae_/bd1 s4 the male hemp4 ,see 
,glossary of ,manley and  ,corringham   
7,e4 ,d4 ,soc4 ,no4 ,,vi471 by ,e4      
,peacock4    ,keies1 #hi_/c1 s4 pl44    
keys1 locks4    ,kell1 #eg_/ea1 s4      
hop-kiln4    ,kerue1 #aad_/cb1 v4       
7carve71 set out1 arrange4    ,kest1    
#aa_/c1 v4 imp4 cast1 turn4    ,kiffe1  

#aj_/cj1 s4 kith1 kindred1 relations4   
,kinde1 #df_/bj1 s4 nature1 natural way4
 ,a4,s4 cynd4    ,kirnels1 #cf_/ac1 s4  
pl4 pips1 seeds4 ,a4,s4 cyrnel4         
,knacker1 #eh_/e1 s4 a cart1 collar and 
harness maker1 chiefly employed  by     
farmers4    ,knackes1 #hf_/g1 s4 pl4    
knickknacks1 trifles4    ,knap1 #he_/aa1
 v4 imp4 rap1 knock4    ,knauerie1      
#i_/ac1 s4 roguery1 craft1 deceit4      
,knede1 #gd_/e1 v4 imp4 knead4 ,a4,s4   
cnedan4 ,o4 ,h4 ,ger4 chnetan4          
,kniueles1 #ih_/a1 adj4 having no       
knives4 ,when knives were not laid for  
the guests1 as at the present period1   
they would use their daggers to  carve  
with1 which were harmless as to any     
other purpose4--,mavor4    ,knot1       
#bb_/bb1 s4 flower-beds laid out in     
fanciful shapes4 ,see ,bacon's  ,essay  
,of ,gardens1 ed4 ,w4 ,a4 ,wright1 p4   
#ahi3 ,as for the making of  knots1 or  
figures1 with divers coloured earths1   
that they may lie  under the windowes of
 the house1 on that side1 which the     

garden stands1  they be but toyes4      
,compare also ,love's ,labour's ,lost1  
i4 #a1 #bdi3 ,thy  curious-knotted      
garden2 and ,milton's ,paradise ,lost1  
iv4 #bdb3    ,flowers worthy of         
,paradise1 which not nice art  ,in beds 
and curious knots1 but nature boon      
,pour'd forth profuse4    ,and          
,shakspere1 ,richard ,,ii4 iii4 #d1 #df4
    ,knotted1 #db_/ac1 adj4 jointed4    
,the knotted rush-ringes1 and gilte     
,rosemaree4--,spenser1 ,shep4 ,cal4     
,november4      ,l4    ,lackey1 #hg_/c1 
servant1 messenger4    ,lag1 #bj_/ae1 v4
 pr4 t4 pilfer1 steal4    ,lagged1      
#cf_/be1 pp4 caught4    ,laggoose1      
#he_/d1 s4 laggard1 lazy4    ,laie1     
#d_/a1 #i_/cb1 v4 plan1 intend1 purpose4
    ,laie1 #ce_/df1 ,lay1 #ce_/dh1 s4   
untilled land1 grass land1 lea4         
,laier1 #fc_/d1 s4 soil1 ground4        
,laier1 #bj_/bg1 s4 beds1 litter4       
,lammas1 #ej_/cf1 s4 ,lammas ,day1 the  
#ast ,august4 ,a4,s4 hlfmaesse4 ,o4     
,eng4 loafmas1 the bread-feast or feast 

of first fruits4    ,lamming1 #ce_/ba1  
s4 lambing4    ,lams1 #ea_/a1 s4 lambs4 
,langdebiefe1 #ci_/af1 s4 ,wild bugloss4
 ,see ,mr4 ,britten's note1 ,e#bje4     
,larkes foot1 #dc_/ah1 s4 ,larkspur1 or 
,larksclaw4 ,delphinium1 ,linn4         
,lash1 #fc_/bj1 s4 dirt1 mud2 leaue in  
the lash  leave in the lurch1  or1      
perhaps1 in the snare1 trap4 ,see next  
word4    ,lash1 #aj_/ae1 s4 the leash in
 which an animal is caught or held1     
hence  to run in the lash  to fall into 
the snare4    ,lasheth1 #bc_/ah1 v4 pr4 
t4 lavisheth1 wastes4    ,lashinglie1   
#i_/f1 adv4 lavishly1 freely4    ,lash  
out1 #i_/f1 v4 lavish1 spend4           
,laster1 #he_/aj1 s4 is no laster  will 
not or does not last1 i4e4 is  soon     
broken4    ,launders1 #hc_/b1 s4 pl4    
washers1 laundresses4    ,lauender      
cotten1 #db_/ab1 s4 the ,garden cypres1 
,chamcyparissus4--,lyte's ,dodoens1 ed4 
#aegh1 p4 #bi4    ,lauender spike1      
#db_/aa1 s4 spike lavender1 ,lavandula  
spica1 from  ,m4 ,lat4 lavendula1 from  

lavare  to wash1 as being the plant used
  to scent newly-washed linen1 whence   
the expression of laid up in  lavender4 
,the essential oil distilled from this  
plant1 which is nearly  allied to the   
common ,lavender1 is called in ,french  
,essence d',aspic1  and in ,english ,oil
 of ,spike4 ,it is used in porcelain    
painting and in  veterinary medicine4   
,see ,pharmacographia1 p4 #dcj4         
,lawe1 #ef_/b1 s4 rule1 for a lawe  as a
 rule4    ,laxe1 #ai_/da1 s4 looseness1 
diarrha4 ,see ,cowlaske4    ,lay1       
#aj_/fj1 v4 pr4 t4 plan1 try4    ,lay   
land1 #cc_/di1 s4 untilled lands4 ,lay  
lande1 terre nouvellement               
laboure4--,palsgrave4    ,lead1 #ef_/ad1
 s4 a cauldron1 copper1 or kettle4      
,gaelic luchd   a pot1 kettle4 ,that    
stemede as a forneys of a               
leede4--,chaucer1  ,prologue to ,c4 ,t4 
l4 #bjb4 ,make e broys in e             
led4--,havelok1 ed4  ,skeat1 #ibd4      
,lease1 #cc_/di1 s4 a pasture4 ,a lease 
is a name used in some  countries for a 

small piece of ground of two or three   
acres4--,t4,r4  ,o4,e4 leswen1 to       
pasture1 from ,a4,s4 lsu1 a pasture1    
lswian1 to  pasture4    ,leaueled1      
#df_/g1 pp4 levelled1 measured4         
,leauens1 #hi_/aj1 s4 pl4 the barm and  
meal laid together for  fermentation3 to
 lay the leavens or leavance  to put    
them together  for that purpose4 ,see   
,halliwell1 s4v4 ,leavance4    ,leese1  
#ef_/dg1 v4 imp4 lose1 miss4    ,leete1 
#hf_/aj1 s4 a manor court4    ,lemmans1 
#dj_/b;a1 s4 pl4 lemons4 ,arabic laimn4 
,lent stuffe1 #fc_/cf1 s4 provisions for
 ,lent4    ,lesse1 #b_/h1 s4 lease1     
term4 ,fr4 lais1 laissement1 the lease  
or  instrument by which a holding of any
 kind is let 7laiss7 to a tenant4       
,let1 #eg_/ej1 s4 hindrance1 obstacle4  
,letted1 #bc_/b1 pp4 hindered1 delayed4 
,lettis1 #ci_/ah1 s4 lettuce4 ,lat4     
lectuca1 from ,greek  ,greek3  gala gen4
  ,greek3 galaktos1 milk1 and  ,greek3  
echo1 to  contain1 through lattouce1 an 
older form 7still retained in           

,scotland74    ,letuce of lac derivyed  
is perchaunce2  ,ffor mvlk it hath or   
yeveth abundaunce4    --,palladius on   
,husbondrie1 ,e4 ,e4 ,text ,soc4 ed4    
,lodge1 #ea_/baf4    ,leuer1 #ej_/i1    
adv4 sooner1 rather4 ,a4,s4 leofer4     
,lick1 #bc_/f1 v4 lick themselves4      
,licoras1 #de_/ac1 s4 liquoras4         
,licour1 #bb_/bc1 s4 water1 drink4      
,lide1 #aad_/c1 v4 pt4 t4 lay1 was      
situate4    ,lie in the dust1 #aj_/cb1  
cease1 be done away with4    ,lieng     
alonge1 #ai_/be1 lying at a distance4   
,linage1 #aad_/c1 s4 lineage1 family4   
,lightly1 #df_/bj1 adv4 easily4         
,likest1 #ce_/cd1 adj4 most likely1     
promising4    ,lillium cum-vallium1     
#dc_/bj1 s4 ,lily of the valley1 or     
,lily-convally4  ,lat4 ,lilium          
convallium1 a name taken from ,canticles
 ii4 #a1 ,i am the  lily of the valleys4
    ,line1 #ag_/e1 s4 rope 7874         
,ling1 #eg_/cf1 s4 a fish 7,lota molva7 
resembling a cod1 but longer  and more  
slender4 ,when salted1 it is extensively

 used for food in  ,scotland and        
,ireland4 ,fr4 lingue1 ,o4 ,dutch1      
linghe4    ,linne1 #ig_/c1 s4 the town  
of ,lynn4 ,to purchase ,lynn seems to   
have been a proverbial mode of          
expression used in ridicule of          
stinginess4--,mavor4    ,linnen1        
#id_/ac1 s4 linen4    ,litherly1 #he_/h1
 adj4 lazy1 idle4    ,lively spide1     
#c_/b1 quickly seen4    ,liuerwort1     
#ci_/bj1 s4 so called from the liver    
shape of the thallus4  ,lyte 7,dodoens1 
ed4 #aehg1 p4 #daa7 tells us it is a    
sovereign medicine  against the heate   
and inflammation of the liver4          
,loiterers1 #b_/f1 s4 pl4 hangers on1   
dependents4    99,lone1 #aj1 s4 pl4 a   
loan1 grant from ,god4    ,longing1     
#af_/aj1 s4 desire1 what it requires4   
,longwort1 #ci_/ai1 s4 lungwort1        
,pulmonaria maculosa4    ,looke1 #e_/a1 
#aj_/d1 v4 look for1 seek1 expect4      
,loose1 #eg_/bb1 v4 pr4 t4 lose1 waste4 
,lop1 #cc_/ac1 s4 the faggot wood of a  
tree4    ,lordlie1 #aac_/c1 adv4 to live

 in a lordly or grand style4    ,losels1
 #fc_/ab1 s4 pl4 worthless1 abandoned   
fellows4 ,prompt4 ,parv4 has  ,lorel or 
losel1 or ludene1 lurco4    ,louage1    
#de_/ab1 s4 ,lovage4 ,ligusticum        
,scoticum1 ,linn4    ,lowe1 #bc_/bd1    
adj4 not advanced1 if ,spring is taken  
to mean the  season2 or1 not grown up1  
if ,spring is the young grass4    ,lowe1
 #fc_/aa1 adv4 low1 feeding so lowe  to 
allow the flocks to eat  the pasture too
 low or short4    ,lower1 #bj_/ag1 v4   
scowl1 look discontented4    ,lubberlie1
 #i_/af1 adj4 lazy1 idle4 ,thither this 
lusking  lubber softly creeped4 ,tom    
,tel ,troth's ,message1 ,new ,shak4     
,soc4 ed4 ,f4 ,j4 ,furnivall1 p4 #abh4  
,baligaut1 m4 an vnweldie  lubber1 great
 lobcocke1 huge luske1 mishapen lowt1   
ill-fauoured  flabergullion4--,cotgrave4
    ,lubbers1 #eg_/bb1 s4 pl4 louts1    
awkward fellows4 ,welsh llob  a heavy   
lump1 llabi  a looby4 ,gaelic leobhair  
a lubber4--,wedgwood4    ,lug1 #hg_/d1  
v4 drag1 draw4    ,lurched1 #bc_/c1 pp4 

robbed of their food1 being left in the 
lurch4    ,lurching1 #hh_/g1 s4         
greediness4 ,l4 ,lat4 lurcare1 to       
swallow food  greedily4 ,to lurch1      
devour1 or eate greadily1               
ingurgito4--,baret's  ,alvearie4 ,cf4   
,bacon's ,essays1 xlv4    ,lurke1       
#hf_/a1 v4 idle1 loiter about4          
,lurketh1 #fb_/i1 v4 pr4 t4 lounge1     
dawdle about4 ,the same as ,lusk4       
,harman1 p4 #hb1 speaks of lewtering    
luskes and lazy lorrels4    ,lust1      
#ae_/aj1 s4 desire4    ,lustie1 #fj_/e1 
adj4 strong1 lusty4      ,m4    ,mads1  
#ej_/d1 s4 pl4 maggots1 worms4 ,another 
form of moth4    ,magget the py1 #di_/i1
 the magpie4 ,see note ,e#cjj4          
,maides1 #ij_/c1 s4 pl4 maidens1 girls4 
,maierom1 #db_/ac1 s4 marjoram1 from    
,lat4 majorana1 with the change of  n to
 m1 as in ,holm1 ,lime1 etc4    ,maine1 
#ai_/ag1 adj4  meint1 i4e4 mixed wheat4 
,see ,mung or  muncorn in ,halliwell4   
,mainecombe1 #ag_/c1 s4 a comb for      
horses' manes4    ,maine sea1 #ad_/d1   

the ocean1 the high sea4 ,cf4 the       
expression the  ,spanish main4    ,male1
 #ajb_/d1 s4 mail-bag1 portmanteau1 or  
sack4    ,mallow1 #cc_/f1 s4 the field  
mallow4    ,mams1 #ie_/e1 s4 pl4        
mothers1 mammas4    ,manerly1 #he_/aa1  
adj4 polite1 decent4    ,mar1 #ie_/b1 v4
 spoil1 ruin4    99,marefoles1 #ec1 s4  
pl4 fillies4    ,marke1 #ag_/ag1 s4     
marking tool4    ,marres1 #bj_/ad1 v4   
pr4 t4 spoils1 interrupts4    ,marrow1  
#eg_/dj1 s4 a mate1 companion4 ,marwe1  
or felawe yn trauayle  or mate1 socius1 
compar1 sodalis4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,see  
,towneley  ,mysteries1 p4 #aaj1 and     
quotations in ,craven ,glossary and     
,jamieson4    ,marsh men1 #ag_/ai1 s4   
pl4 farmers in the fen and marshy       
country4    ,martilmas1 #ab_/c4 ,the    
feast of ,st4 ,martin1 #aath ,november4 
,see ,note ,e#fj4    ,mast1 #fc_/e1 s4  
the fruit of the oak and beech and other
 forest trees4  ,a4,s4 mst4 ,ger4 mast1 
from ,gothic matan1 to nourish4         
,mastlin1 #fc_/bc1 s4 mixed corn4 ,see  

,mestlen4    ,mates1 #aad_/cj1 s4 pl4   
companions4    ,mawdlin1 #di_/;c1 s4    
,magdalene4    ,mawdelin1 #db_/ad1 s4   
,maudlin4 ,balsamita fminea4--,gerard's 
,herball4    ,meade1 #fc_/c1 s4 meadow4 
,a4,s4 md1 meadu1 genitive1 meadewes4   
,meake1 #ag_/ad1 s4 a hook at the end of
 a handle five foot  long4--,t4,r4 ,a   
meag or meak1 a pease-hook4--,ray4 ,also
 in ,coles'  ,dict4 #afgf4    ,meane1   
#aad_/be1 means1 help4    ,meanie1      
#b_/f1 adj4 many4    ,measling1 #af_/bc1
 becoming measly4 ,masyl or mazil1      
sekenesse4--,prompt4 ,parv4    ,measure1
 #fh_/i1 v4 be moderate1 be within      
measure4    ,meated1 #ag_/ab1 pp4 fed4  
,meateth1 #fb_/g1 v4 pr4 t4 feeds1      
supports4    ,medcin1 #cc_/ai1 s4       
medicine4    ,meedeful1 #hg_/g1 adj4    
thankful4    ,meedes1 #ajf_/d1 s4 pl4   
meadows4 ,see ,meade4    ,mendbreech1   
#hi_/f1 s4 one who sits up late at night
 to mend his  clothes4    ,mercurie1    
#ci_/bb1 s4 ,mercury1 or ,good ,king    
,henry1 is largely grown by  cottagers  

in ,lincolnshire4 ,this plant1 the      
,chenopodium bonus henricus  of         
botanists1 bears tender young leaves    
resembling spinach1 which1 when  cooked1
 are but little inferior in flavour to  
the finest asparagus4  ,it is a         
robust-growing perennial1 and1 when once
 planted in deep1  rich soil1 requires  
no further cultural attention than a    
dressing of  well-decomposed manure     
during the winter4    ,mestlen1 #cg_/ba1
 s4 a mixture of wheat and rye4         
,mastilone1  bigermen1 mixtilio4--,cath4
 ,ang4 ,framois1 meslin of oats  and    
barlie mixed4 ,meteil1 messling or      
misslin1 wheat and rie                  
mingled4--,cotgrave4    ,mew1 #cf_/bf1  
s4 a cage for moulting4    ,michel1     
#cc_/cb1 ,mihel1 #eg_/be1 ,mihell1      
#ab_/d1 s4 ,michaelmas4 ,the feast  of  
,st4 ,michael and ,all ,angels1 #bith   
,september4    ,michers1 #aj_/ae1 s4 pl4
 lurking thieves1 skulkers4 ,mecher1 a  
lytell  thefe1 laronceau4--,palsgrave4  
,now common as a term for a truant4     

,cf4 ,shak4 ,i ,henry ,,iv4 ii4 #d3     
,shall the blessed sun of heaven prove a
  micher and eat blackberries4          
,mickle1 #fh_/a1 adj4 great1 much4      
,mier1 #ajg_/d1 s4 mire1 filth4 ,a4,s4  
myre4    99,mier1 #ch1 ,mierie1         
#aad_/bg1 adj4 filthy1 muddy4           
,mihelmas1 #eg_/dd1 ,michaelmas4        
99,millons1 #gb_/;c1 s4 pl4 melons4 ,see
 ,musk ,million4    ,mind1 #fh_/e1 v4   
notice1 comment on4    ,mind1 #fc_/a1 v4
 pr4 t4 intend1 have in mind1 wish4     
,minion1 #ff_/d1 adj4 pleasant1         
agreeable1 favourite4 ,fr4 mignon4 ,l4  
,lat4 mignonetus1 gratissimus1 minna1   
love4    ,minnekin1 #aj_/bj1 adj4       
little1 perhaps with the idea of the    
modern  contracted form minx4           
,miring1 #bc_/c1 v4 being stuck in bogs4
    ,mis1 #af_/h1 v4 want1 be without4  
,mischiefe1 #bc_/d1 v4 hurt1 injure4    
,mischieued1 #aj_/cf1 adj4 unfortunate1 
ruined4    ,misdeeme1 #cj_/c1 v4        
misjudge4 ,a4,s4 deman1 to judge4       
,mislike1 #bc_/af1 v4 displease1 not    

suit4    ,mistle1 #cc_/ab1 s4 mistletoe4
 ,a4,s4 mistel4 ,o4 ,h4 ,ger4 mistil4   
,mitch1 #ag_/ag1 adj4 large4    ,mite1  
#fc_/bj1 s4 the smallest piece4 ,a4,s   
mite4    ,mo1 #cc_/eg1 adj4 more1       
others4 ,a4,s4 m4    ,moether1 #ag_/ac1 
,mother1 #af_/ad1 s4 a girl4 ,a woman   
and her mawther  a  woman and her       
daughter4 ,moder1 servaunte or          
wench4--,prompt4 ,parv4    ,mogwort1    
#de_/ae1 s4 mugwort1 ,artemisia         
vulgaris1 ,linn4    ,moile1 #d_/a1 v4 to
 work hard1 drudge4 ,lat4 moliri1 to    
struggle4 ,in  the earth we moile with  
hunger1 care and paine4--,mirror for    
,magist4  ed4 #afaj4    ,molding1       
#ee_/d1 v4 becoming musty1 or mouldy4   
,mome1 #fb_/c1 s4 blockhead1 fool4 ,a   
gull1 a ninny1 a mome4--,florio1  p4    
#ha4 ,a youth will play the wanton1 and 
an olde man proove a  mome4--,drayton1  
,skeltoniad4    ,mone1 #fg_/a1 s4       
complaint1 lamentation4    ,mooueth1    
#id_/g1 v4 pr4 t4 moves or exerts       
herself1 plans4    ,mother1 #af_/ad1 s4 

a girl4 ,see ,moether4    ,moulspare1   
#ag_/ah1 s4 mole spear4    ,mow1        
#ag_/ai1 s4 stack of hay or corn4 ,a4,s4
 muwa4 ,l4 ,lat4 mugium4    ,mowles1    
#cf_/ag1 s4 pl4 moles4    ,mowse1       
#ch_/c1 v4 pr4 t4 mouth1 bite4          
,mowth1 #eg_/be1 v4 eat4    ,muck1      
#ea_/ac1 s4 manure4    ,mulley1 #eg_/df1
 a common name for a cow in ,suffolk4   
,mungrels1 #df_/c1 s4 pl4 cur dogs1     
mongrels4 ,a4,s4 menegan1 to mix1  hence
 an animal of a mixed breed1 a hybrid4  
,musk ,million1 #dj_/h1 s4 the musk     
melon4 ,pickled cowcombers ,i have      
bought a pecke for threepence1 and musk 
mellions1 there hath beene  cast five or
 sixe loads of them in one day to their 
hogs4--,taylor's  ,works1 #afcj4 ,see   
,lyte's ,dodoens1 p4 #eij4    ,myslen1  
#af_/aa1 s4 mixed corn4 ,mestlyone or   
monge corne or  dragge4--,prompt4 ,parv4
 ,see ,dredge and ,mestlen4      ,n4    
,nads1 #ag_/i1 s4 an adze4    ,naile1   
#ag_/h1 s4 nails4    ,nall1 #ag_/d1 s4  
an awl4    ,naughtie1 #ec_/bj1 adj4     

useless1 unfit4    ,naughtly1 #aj_/d1   
adv4 by unfair or improper means4       
,nauewes1 #da_/f1 s4 pl4 wild navew4    
,brassica napus1 ,l4 ,fr4 naveau1  from 
napellus1 dimin4 of napus  the rape4    
99,nawlt1 #cb1 8 nawt1 nothing4         
,neat1 #ej_/bh1 s4 cattle4 ,a4,s4 net1  
horned cattle4    ,neatherd1 #fc_/b1 s4 
herdsman1 the man who attends to the    
cattle4    ,needams shore1 #ig_/e4 ,a   
punning proverb recorded in ,ray2 and   
signifying  that waste and extravagance 
bring a man to want or need4--,mavor4   
,needfullie1 #i_/ae1 adv4 necessarily4  
,ne forte1 #bc_/aj1 ,latin1 lest by     
chance4    ,nep1 #ci_/bd1 s4 cat mint1 a
 contraction from the ,lat4 nepeta4     
,nest1 #aa_/f1 v4 nestle1 settle4       
99,nestling1 #da1 v4 harbouring1        
supporting4    ,nettie1 #fh_/a1 adj4    
natty1 neat4 ,o4 ,fr4 net1 from ,lat4   
nitidus4    ,nice1 #ajb_/a1 adj4        
careful1 particular4    ,nick1 #ih_/d1  
v4 cut1 notch4    ,nie1 #af_/d1 adj4    
near1 convenient4    ,nips1 #aad_/e1 s4 

pl4 pinches4    ,niggerly1 #bg_/d1 adj4 
niggardly1 miserly4 ,icel4 hnggr1       
sparing1  miserly4 ,cf4 ,ger4 knicker1 a
 niggard4    ,nittes1 #ba_/bc1 s4 pl4   
the eggs of a louse or other insects4   
,a4,s4  hnitu4    ,noble1 #af_/af1 s4   
noble1 a gold coin of the value of #fs4 
#h;d4    ,noddies1 #ah_/bj1 ,nodie1     
#ih_/d1 s4 pl4 simpletons1 fools4       
,ere you come hither1 proove ,i was     
somebody1  ,the king delighted in me1   
now ,i am a noddy4    --,damon and      
,pythias1 i4 #agd4    ,noe1 #g_/d1 s4   
,noah4    ,noiance1 #af_/h1 s4 injury1  
trouble4    ,noie1 #eb_/ae1 v4 pr4 t4   
are injurious1 noxious4    ,noieth1     
#eg_/ac1 v4 pr4 t4 suffer harm or       
injury4    ,noisome1 #aj_/h1 adj4       
injurious1 damaging4    ,norfolk wiles1 
#aad_/ah1 ,essex miles1 ,suffolk stiles1
 ,norfolk wiles1  many men              
beguiles4--,old ,east ,anglian saw4 ,see
 note ,e#ejj4    ,nowles1 #cf_/ag1 s4   
pl4 the hillocks1 little mounds4 ,a4 ,s4
 cnoll1  cacumen4 ,nolle1 idem quod     

nodul4--,prompt4 ,parv4    ,noy1        
#ec_/ae1 v4 hurt1 are injurious4 ,see   
,noie4    ,noyer1 #ac_/b1 s4 one that   
hurts or injures4    ,nurteth1 #bj_/bh1 
v4 pr4 t4 poke or push with the horns48 
connected  with ,fr4 nuire1 ,lat4       
nocere4 ,halliwell quotes from ,gawayne 
nirt   a cut1 hurt4    ,nurture1        
#aj_/eg1 s4 training4      ,o4    ,of1  
#ajf_/ab1 prep4 through1 in consequence 
of4    ,of1 #ajf_/b1 prep4 out of1 from4
    ,of1 #ai_/bb1 prep4 after4    ,of1  
#fd99_/d1 prep4 with1 by means of4      
,ofcorne1 #hf_/e1 s4 offal or waste     
corn4    ,office1 #ii_/b1 s4 duty4 ,lat4
 officium4    ,oke1 #ai_/ca1 s4 oaks4   
,a4,s4 c4    ,ope gap1 #af_/cf1 hedge or
 fence breakers4    ,open1 #af_/ch1 v4  
bark1 open his mouth4    ,opprest1      
#ai_/bi1 pp4 troubled1 laden4    ,opte1 
#aad_/bb1 v4 pt4 t4 opened4    99,or    
and1 #ah1 before4 ,cf4 ,er an4    ,orach
 or ,arach1 #ci_/bf1 s4 ,orach4         
,atriplex sativa alba4 ,atriplex  sativa
 purpurea4--,gerard's ,herball1 ed4     

#afcc4    ,orderlie1 #i_/h1 adv4 in due 
order4    ,orengis1 #dj_/d;a1 s4 pl4    
oranges4 ,arabic1 nrandj4 ,l4 ,lat4     
arantia1  from its first title1 pomum   
aurantium1 golden apple4    ,otemell1   
#df_/bf1 s4 oatmeal4 ,a4,s4 ta1 oat1 and
 ml1 meal4    ,otes1 #df_/ac1 s4 pl4    
oats4    ,othing1 #id_/f1 one thing4    
,out1 #af_/ag1 adv4 outdoor1 open air4  
,ouercome1 #ec_/d1 v4 manage1 keep up   
with4    ,ouerly1 #bc_/ba1 adv4 all     
over4    ,over reaching1 #b_/aa1        
cheating1 deceiving4    ,ouerthwart1    
#df_/i1 prep4 across4 ,a4,s4 oferweorh4 
,o4 ,eng4 outhwar1  thweorh4 ,o4 ,norse1
 thwert4    ,ox bowes1 #ag_/aj1 s4 pl4  
the bow of wood which goes round the    
neck of  an ox4    ,oxboy1 #fc_/ae1 s4  
the boy who attends to the cattle4      
,oxteeme1 #ag_/aj1 s4 team of oxen4     
,oxyokes1 #ag_/aj1 s4 pl4 yokes for     
oxen4      ,p4    ,pad1 #ag_/ba1 s4     
padlock4    ,paggles1 #dc_/be1 s4 pl4   
cowslip1 primrose1 paigles4 ,in ,suffolk
 the  ,cuckoo flower4 ,see note ,e#bcb4 

,paier1 #ag_/ac1 s4 pair1 couple4       
,paine1 #c_/a1 s4 pains1 trouble4       
,painfull1 #gg_/ae1 adj4 painstaking1   
careful4    ,painfull1 #b_/ac1 adj4 full
 of trouble1 requiring care4            
,painted1 #e_/c1 pp4 adorned2 the sermo 
ornatus of ,cicero4    ,paltrie1        
#eg_/cj1 adj4 poor1 worthless4          
,panel1 #ag_/e1 s4 a pannier4 ,a pannel 
and ped have this difference3  the one  
is much shorter than the other1 and     
raised before and behind1  and serves   
for smaller burdens2 the other is longer
 and made for  ,burdens of ,corn4 ,these
 are fastened with a leathern ,girt     
called a  ,wantye4--,t4,r4              
,parasites1 #aj_/bg1 s4 pl4 flatterers1 
hangers on4    ,pare1 #b_/g1 v4 injure1 
damage1 impair4    ,pared1 #df_/d1 pp4  
cleaned and cleared of all superfluous  
roots4    ,partition1 page #b1 s4       
division4    ,pas1 #dh_/f1 v4 pr4 t4    
care4 ,as for these silken-coated       
staves1 ,i  pass not4--,shakspere1 #b   
,henry ,,vi4 iv4 #b4    ,pask1 #df_/b1  

s4 ,easter4 ,lat4 ,pascha4    ,passeth1 
#ajb_/c1 v4 pr4 t4 think1 reflect4 ,see 
,pas4    ,pasties1 #ij_/g1 s4 pl4 pies4 
,patch1 #ea_/cb1 s4 originally a fool1  
jester1 here  the farm labourer4  ,ital4
 pazzo1 which ,florio 7,new ,worlde of  
,wordes7 defines as  foolish1 fond1 mad1
 rash1 doting1 rauing or simple4 ,also a
 foole1 a  gull1 an idiot1 a mad man1 a 
naturall4 ,by some1 however1 it is      
derived  from the patched or motley coat
 of the jester4    ,patches1 #ec_/b1 s4 
pl4 places where the shearer has cut the
 skin of  the sheep1 wounds4    ,pates1 
#fc_/i1 s4 pl4 persons4    ,pauncies1   
#dc_/bd1 s4 pansies1 heartsease4        
,there's pansies1 that's  for           
thoughts4--,shakspere1 ,hamlet1 iv4 #e4 
,pay1 #gg_/aa1 v4 pay home  give a      
strong1 sharp blow4    ,peake1 #fg_/bg1 
v4 to look thin or sickly1 ,dwindle1    
peak and  pine4--,shakspere1 ,macbeth1  
i4 #c4    ,pearch1 #hg_/e1 v4 perch1    
roost4    ,peasebolt1 #ah_/ch1 s4 pease 
in the ,hawm or ,straw4--,t4,r4         

,peaseetch1 #ai_/e1 s4 the aftermath of 
a crop of peas4 ,see ,etch4             
,peasefed1 #ah_/bg1 adj4 fed on peas4   
,peason1 #ec_/i1 s4 pl4 pease4    ,prick
 peason and beanes1 if thy garden be    
dry1  ,at change of the moone1 and in   
beautiful skye4    --,almanack1 #afae4  
,peccantem1 #ce_/bh4 ,see note ,e#agh4  
,peck1 #ag_/ab1 s4 a peck measure4      
,ped1 #ag_/e1 s4 a pannier1 a large     
capacious basket1 in which fowls1  eggs1
 fish1 etc41 are hawked about the       
country4 ,peder1 a small farmer         
7,lincoln71 ,pedde1 idem quod panere1   
calathus4--,prompt4 ,parv4  ,pedder1    
revolus1 negociator4--,cathol4 ,anglic4 
,see also ,halliwell1  sub4 voc4        
,peeces1 #b_/g1 s4 pieces1 in parts4    
,peele1 #ge_/f1 v4 strip4 ,peler4 ,to   
bauld1 or pull the haire off2  also to  
pill1 pare1 barke1 unrinde1             
unskin4--,cotgrave4    ,peeler1 #ce_/ea1
 s4 an impoverisher4    ,peeling1       
#cc_/ea1 s4 impoverishing4    ,pelfe1   
#ee_/a1 s4 apparatus1 implements4       

,peneriall1 #ci_/bi1 s4 penny-royal4    
,mentha pulegium1 from ,lat4  puleium   
regium1 through ,dutch poley1 in the old
 ,herbals called  puliol royal2 its     
,latin name being derived from its      
supposed efficacy  in destroying fleas  
7pulices74 ,see ,pliny 7b4 xx4 cap4     
#ed74    ,penie1 #b_/ac1 s4 penny1      
money4    ,penurie1 #i_/f1 s4           
destitution1 want4    ,perareplums1     
#cd_/ah1 s4 pl4 some variety of plum    
either lost or  unknown 7if not a       
misprint74    ,perceley1 #ci_/bh1 s4    
parsley4 ,a4,s4 peterselige4 ,lat4      
petroselinum4    ,percer1 #ag_/f1 s4 a  
piercer1 gimlet4    ,perie1 #ah_/dh1 s4 
perry4    ,perle1 #if_/bh1 s4 pearl1    
jewel1 ornament4    ,perseneps1 #da_/h1 
s4 pl4 parsnips4 ,spelt in the old      
herbals ,pasnep  and ,pastnip1 from     
,lat4 pastinaca4    ,pester1 #dh_/ad1 v4
 overcrowd with stock1 abbreviated from 
,o4 ,fr4  empestrer  to entangle the    
feet or legs1 to embarrass1 from ,fr4   
pasturon1 ,l4 ,lat4 pastorium1 a fetter 

by which horses are prevented  from     
wandering in the pastures4    ,pestring1
 #ec_/aa1 v4 being in the way or        
troublesome4 ,empestrer1 to  pester1    
intricate1 intangle1 trouble1           
incomber4--,cotgrave4    ,petigree1     
#aad_/aa1 s4 pedigree1 genealogy4       
,pewter1 #he_/aa1 s4 pewter vessels4    
,philip and ,jacob1 #ea_/a4 ,the feast  
of ,saints ,philip and ,james1 #ast     
,may4    ,phraies1 #aad_/h1 s4 phrase1  
language4    ,pickle1 #ef_/ag1 s4       
condition1 state4    ,piddling1 #fc_/dh1
 v4 going about pretending to work but  
doing little  or nothing1 as after      
illness a man is said to go piddling    
about1  though as yet unable to do      
much4--,halliwell4    ,pie1 #ec_/c1 s4  
magpie4    ,piggen1 #af_/ad1 s4 pigeons4
    ,pike1 #ag_/ae1 s4 a pitching fork  
with two or three prongs for cocking    
corn not put into sheaves4    ,pilch1   
#ae_/ci1 v4 pr4 t4 pilfer4 ,see also    
,filchers4    ,pilcrowe1 page #b1 s4 the
 mark 4 ,pylcrafte in a booke1          

asteriskus4--,prompt4 ,parv4            
,pilferie1 #i_/d1 s4 theft1 fraud4 ,o4  
,fr4 pelfrer1 to plunder4    ,pinched1  
#aj_/cj1 pp4 in straitened              
circumstances1 in need or want4         
,pinching1 #i_/f1 adj4 extreme1         
pressing4    ,pinching1 #ig_/c1 s4      
economy4    ,pinwood1 #ag_/bj1 s4       
pegwood1 i4e4 wood that does not split1 
for  making wooden pins or pegs of4     
,piones1 #de_/af1 s4 pl4 ,the peony4    
,ponia corallina4 ,the seeds of  this   
plant were used as a spice1 and also as 
a medicine4 ,see note in  ,liber ,albus1
 p4 #cea4    ,pismier1 #aaa1 s4 ant4    
,pitch and pay1 #aad_/bd1 pay ready     
money4    ,placing1 #ef_/cb1 v4         
arranging1 stacking4    ,plagards1      
#aad_/f1 s4 pl4 commissions1            
instruments4    ,planked1 #ag_/b1 pp4   
boarded4    ,plantine1 #dd_/aj1 s4      
,plantain4 ,the ,water-plantain was     
formerly  regarded as a specific against
 hydrophobia3 from planta1 sole of the  
foot1 from the shape of the leaf4       

,plash1 #cf_/ae1 v4 imp4 lower and      
narrow a broad-spread hedge by          
partially cutting off the branches and  
entwining them with those left  behind4 
,plesser1 to plash1 fould1 to bow1 or   
plait young branches  one within        
another2 also to thicken a hedge1 or    
cover a walke1 by  plashing4--,cotgrave4
 ,in #cf_/ae it means to pleach down a  
hedge over  the burrow1 so as to protect
 it4    ,pleasure1 #g_/f1 v4 to please4 
,plight1 #af_/cd1 s4 condition4         
,plot1 #i_/g1 s4 piece of ground1 farm4 
,plot1 #ab_/a1 s4 plan1 rule4    ,plough
 ,monday1 #ij_/b4 ,the ,monday next     
after ,twelfth ,day4 ,see note ,e#deb4  
,ploughstaff1 #ag_/aa1 s4 an instrument 
like a paddle for cleaning a  plough1 or
 clearing it of weeds1 stalks1 etc4     
,plowmeat1 #dg_/ab1 s4 food made of     
corn4    ,plowwrite1 #eh_/e1 s4 plough  
wright4    ,plump1 #ai_/da1 v4 imp4     
throw in4    ,pod1 #ag_/f1 s4 a box or  
old leather bottle nailed to the side of
 the  cart to hold necessary implements1

 or perhaps grease4--,mavor4 ,cf4 ,ped4 
,poke1 #af_/c1 s4 a bag1 sack1 buy a pig
 in a poke  to buy without  seeing what 
one is buying4    ,poling1 #ce_/de1 s4  
supporting with poles4    ,pollard1     
#ai_/af1 s4 a mixture of bran and meal4 
,pollenger1 #ce_/ac1 s4 pollard trees1  
brushwood4    ,pompions1 #da_/g1 s4 pl4 
pumpkins4 ,fr4 pompon4    ,poppie1      
#de_/ag1 s4 poppy4 ,a4,s4 papig4        
,poret1 #ci_/ca1 s4 a scallion2 a leek  
or small onion4 ,o4 ,fr4 porette4  ,lat4
 porrum2 called ,porrectes in the ,forme
 of ,cury1 p4 #da4    ,porkling1        
#ai_/cd1 s4 young swine4 ,cf4 ,bulchin1 
q4v4    ,posie1 #ig_/a1 s4 a poetical   
inscription4 ,udal writes it poisee4    
,there was a superscription or poisee   
written on the toppe of the             
crosse4--,st4 ,luke1 c4 #bc4    ,pot1   
#ae_/dc1 s4 the pot for cooking         
purposes4    ,pottage1 #gf_/b1 s4       
pottage1 soup4 ,fr4 potage4    ,pottle1 
#ba_/ab1 s4 a pottle1 a measure of two  
quarts4    ,pouch1 #fb_/af1 s4 pocket1  

purse4 ,a4,s4 pocca4    ,poucheth1      
#ce_/df1 v4 pr4 t4 pockets4    ,pound1  
#aad_/ba1 v4 fight1 beat4               
99,powlinges1 #ff1 s4 pl4 the branches  
or shoots of pollard trees4  ,still     
called ,pollengers4    ,practise1       
#gc_/ac1 s4 practice1 experience4       
,practisie1 #i_/e1 s4 conduct1          
practices4    ,praies1 #aad_/ah1 s4     
praise4    ,prating1 #fd_/bg1 s4        
talking1 chattering4    ,pray1 #aad_/be1
 s4 prey1 booty1 plunder4               
,preferment1 #aj_/eg1 s4 advancement1   
assistance4    ,prentise1 #ib_/d1 s4    
apprenticeship1 business4               
,prentiships1 #fj1 s4 pl4 periods of    
seven years1 that being the  duration of
 an apprenticeship1 or 'prenticeship4   
,prest1 #ef_/dc1 adj4 ready4    ,prest1 
#fc_/g1 adj4 neat1 tidy4 ,tusser        
,redivivus says1 ,an old word for  ,neat
 or ,tight2 ,i suppose comes from women 
being strait-laced4 ,ital4  presto4 ,o4 
,fr4 prest1 ,fr4 prt4    ,prest1 #di_/h1
 pp4 pressed4 ,fr4 presser4    ,pretie1 

#hf_/g1 adj4 pretty1 dainty4 ,a4,s4     
prtig4    ,preuenting1 #aj_/fb1 pr4 p4  
anticipating4 ,lat4 prevenire1 to go    
before4    ,price1 #aad_/af1 s4 renown1 
high estimation4 ,lat4 pretium4         
,pricketh1 #gg_/bb1 v4 pr4 t4 makes     
proud or puffs up4    ,pricking1        
#fg_/af1 v4 embroidering1 doing fancy   
work4    ,pride1 #ai_/ab1 s4 excessive  
richness4 ,the ground having his pride  
abated in the first crop--,g4 ,markham4 
,prie1 #ce_/ae1 s4 privet4    ,prim1    
#ae_/db1 s4 another name for the privet2
 called also primwort4    ,prime1       
#ad_/c1 s4 the time of the new moon1 as 
change is the time of  the full moon4   
,prime grass1 #ce_/ah1 s4 earliest      
grass4 ,see footnote #aj1 p4 #hd4       
,priuie1 #aj_/ab1 adj4 aware1           
acquainted4    ,priuie1 #ae_/db1 s4     
privet4 ,ligustrum vulgare4             
,procureth1 #fd_/c1 v4 pr4 t4 contrives1
 brings about4    ,promooters1 #fd_/aa1 
s4 pl4 informers4    ,prooue1 #df_/a1 v4
 imp4 try1 have some experience of4     

99,prouision1 #d1 foresight4 ,lat4      
providere4    99,pullein1 #cg1 ,pullen1 
#hg_/e1 s4 pl4 poultry1 fowls4          
,pullayne1  poullane1                   
poullaille4--,palsgrave4 ,see also      
,pulter4    ,pullet1 #fc_/af1 s4        
chicken4    ,pulter1 #ba_/i1 s4 fowl    
keeper or breeder4 ,poullailler1 m4 a   
poulter  or keeper of                   
pullaine4--,cotgrave4    ,pultrie1      
#ba_/i1 s4 poultry4    ,purkey ,wheat1  
#ai_/ag1 maize4    ,purloiners1 #aj_/ed1
 s4 pl4 thieves1 pilferers4 ,spelt      
proloiners in  edit4 of #aegg4    ,purse
 penniles1 #aj_/bh1 adj4 a purse without
 a penny1 empty pursed4    ,purslane1   
#dj_/aj1 s4 water purslane4 ,portulaca  
domestica4--,gerard's  ,herball1 ed4    
#afcc4 ,from porcellus1 a little pig2   
the plant being a  favourite food of    
swine4    ,put to1 #aj_/cj1 v4 place4   
,puttocks1 #ch_/cc1 s4 pl4 kites1 hawks4
 ,puttok1 bryd1  milvus4--,prompt4      
,parv4 ,in #ii_/c the meaning is1       
voracious fellows4      ,q4    ,quaile1 

#ae_/cd1 v4 fail4    ,quaile1 #ia_/f1 s4
 be shaken4    ,quamier1 #cc_/ef1 s4    
quagmire1 bog4 ,o4 ,eng4 quavemire4     
,queenes gilleflowers1 #dc_/bg1 s4 the  
,dame's ,violet1 also called  ,rogue's  
or ,winter gilliflower4 ,hesperis       
matronalis1 ,l4    ,queere1 #aad_/f1 s4 
choir4 ,queere1 chorus4--,cath4         
,anglicum4    ,quickset1 #ah_/cc1 s4    
quickset hedge4    ,quick setted1       
#ce_/de1 pp4 enclosed with a quickset   
hedge4    ,quieter1 #fc_/bb1 adv4 more  
easily1 quietly4    ,quight1 #aae_/b1   
adv4 completely1 entirely4    ,quite1   
#ae_/g1 v4 pr4 t4 requite1 repay4       
,r4    ,rabetstock1 #ag_/bj1 s4 a       
rabbet-plane1 a joiner's tool for       
cutting  rabbets4    ,rable1 #bb_/ag1 s4
 crowd1 number4    ,rage1 #aad_/ce1 adj4
 wild1 dissipated4    ,raise1 #i_/af1 v4
 stir up4    ,rampions1 #dj_/ab1 s4     
rampion1 rapuntium4--,gerard's ,herball4
    ,ranke1 #ec_/ag1 adj4 strong1 rank4 
,ranker1 #aj_/f1 s4 ill-feeling1        
quarrelling4    ,raskabilia1 #aj_/ed1 s4

 packs of rascals4 ,cf4 ,mid4 ,eng4     
rascaille4  ,rascalye1 or symple puple1 
plebs4--,prompt4 ,parv4    ,ratling1    
#ai_/cd1 s4 the rattle4    ,rawing1     
#af_/be1 s4 the aftermath of a ,meadow  
,water4--,t4,r4 ,raweyne1  hey1 fenum   
serotinum4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,see also   
,rowen4    ,reame1 #c_/c1 s4 kingdom1   
country4 ,o4 ,fr4 realme1 reaume4       
,reasnable1 #aj_/ad1 adj4 fair1         
equitable1 reasonable4    ,reastie1     
#bj_/b1 adj4 rusty1 rancid4 ,reest as   
flesche1  rancidus4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,i 
reast1 ,i waxe ill of taste1 as         
bacon4--,palsgrave4 ,see ,wedgwood1 s4v4
 ,reasty4    ,recken1 #aj_/dc1 v4 to    
compute1 count4    ,redele1 page #c1 s4 
riddle4 ,rydel or probleme1             
enigma4--,prompt4  ,parv4 ,a4,s4 rdelse4
    ,reeded1 #ea_/e1 pp4 thatched with  
reeds4    ,reeding1 #b_/aj1 s4 reading1 
study4 ,a4,s4 rdan4    ,reeke1 #aj_/bd1 
v4 smoke4 ,a4,s4 rcan4    ,refraine1    
#dh_/a1 v4 stop1 prevent4    ,rehersed1 
#de_/a1 pp4 mentioned1 named4 ,fr4      

rehercer1 properly to go  over again    
like a harrow 7,fr4 herce7 over a       
ploughed field4    ,reisons1 #cd_/ba1 s4
 pl4 currants4 ,raysouns of             
,corante4--,pegge's  ,forme of ,cury1   
ed4 #aghj1 p4 #af4    ,relent1 #bc_/aa1 
v4 become soft4    ,rendrit1 #bd1 v4    
render it1 i4e4 return1 requite it4     
,rent1 #ee_/g1 pp4 torn1 plucked4       
,rept1 #ah_/dc1 pp4 reaped1 gained4     
,resdue1 #dh_/ai1 s4 residue1 remainder4
 ,fr4 rsidu4 ,lat4 residuum4    ,respe1 
#ae_/bg1 ,respies1 #dd_/ab1 s4          
,raspberries4    ,respit1 #gj_/d1 s4    
rest1 respite4    ,restfull1 #ajf_/b1   
adj4 full of rest1 resting4             
,retcheles1 #aj_/bc1 adj4 reckless1     
careless4 ,a4,s4 recceleas4             
,reuengement1 #i_/ah1 s4 revenge4       
,rew1 #de_/ah1 s4 rue4    ,rife1 #ih_/a1
 adj4 abundant1 common4    ,rifle1      
#ag_/ad1 s4 a rifle or ruffle is no more
 than a bent stick  standing on the butt
 of a sithe-handle4--,t4,r4 ,now called 
a bale4    ,rigging1 #af_/cg1 pr4 p4    

making free with1 knocking about4       
,rigs1 #ae_/cg1 v4 pr4 t4 make free     
with4    ,ringle1 #cc_/ed1 v4 imp4 ring1
 put rings through the snouts4          
,ringling1 #af_/cb1 v4 ringing of swine 
to prevent their tearing up the  ground4
    ,riping1 #cg_/g1 ripening4          
,rikes1 #ec_/aj1 s4 pl4 ricks4 ,a4,s4   
hreac1 a heap4    ,rise1 #dj_/e;a1 s4   
rice4    ,rishes1 #ge_/f1 s4 pl4 rushes4
 ,a4,s4 risce4 ,lat4 ruscum4    ,riuet1 
#ai_/af1 s4 bearded wheat4 ,dog-wheat1 a
 bearded species1 called  in ,mark-lane1
 rivets4--,forby4    ,rode1 #eg_/cf1 s4 
harbour4    ,roinish1 #ajb_/a1 adj4     
mean1 rough1 coarse4 ,fr4 rogneux4 ,the 
roynish  clown4--,shakspere1 ,as ,you   
,like ,it1 ii4 #b4    ,roister like1    
#ih_/c1 blustering4 ,they ruffle and    
roist it out4  ,harrison's ,eng4 ed4 ,f4
 ,j4 ,furnivall1 ,new ,shakspere ,soc4  
,pt4 ,i1 p4  #gg4 ,this is the very     
royster that gagg'd and bound me1       
,sir4--,the  ,reformation1 #afgc4       
,rokat1 #dj_/ac1 s4 garden rocket4 ,fr4 

roquette4 ,eruca  sativa4--,gerard's    
,herball1 ed4 #afcc4    ,roong1 #ae_/bi1
 pp4 have rings put through their noses 
to prevent them  from tearing up the    
ground4    ,roperipe1 #ib_/c1 s4 one old
 enough to be flogged4 ,deserving of    
hanging4--,howell1 #affj4    ,roste1    
#fc_/ai1 s4 rule the roste  domineer1   
have the sway4 ,according  to           
,richardson equivalent to rule the      
roost1 an expression of which  every    
farm yard would supply an explanation4  
,rottenly1 #ah_/aa1 adj4 rich1 crumbly4 
,roule1 #ag_/h1 s4 a rule1 measure4     
,roules1 #aj_/ed1 v4 roll in1 bring in4 
,rowe1 #cf_/ab1 s4 row1 a rowe  in a    
row4    ,rowen1 #eg_/be1 aftermath of   
mown meadows4 ,rowen is a field kept up 
till after ,michaelmas1 that the corn   
left on the ground may sprout into      
green4--,bailey's ,dict4 ,see ,rawing   
above1 and ,rawings in ,ray's ,gloss4   
,rowleth1 #df_/ae1 v4 pr4 t4 roll4 ,o4  
,fr4 roler1 ,ger4 rollen1 from  ,lat4   
rotulare4    ,rubstone1 #ag_/ad1 s4 a   

sandstone for a scythe4 ,the rub or     
buckle  stone which husbandmen doo      
occupie in the whetting of their        
sithes4--,harrison1 ,description of     
,england1 ,pt4 #b1 p4 #fd4    ,rudenes1 
#b_/i1 s4 want of refinement1 plainness1
 homeliness4    ,ruffen1 #ih_/c1 s4     
ruffian1 scoundrel4    ,runciuall peas1 
#da_/i1 s4 pl4 marrow-fat peas4         
,supposed to be derived  from ,span4    
,roncesvalles1 a town at the foot of the
 ,pyrenees1 where  gigantic bones of old
 heroes were pretended to be shown2     
hence the name  was applied to anything 
of a size larger than usual4            
,runnagate1 #gg_/ag1 runaway4           
,white-livered runagate4--,shakspere1   
,richard ,,iii4 iv4 #d4    ,runt-wood1  
page #hd1 footnote #h1 s4 stumps of     
underwood4 ,neither  young poles nor old
 runts are suitable for                 
building4--,holland4    ,rydgis1 #af_/i1
 s4 pl4 ridges4      ,s4    ,sad1       
#ag_/ab1 adj4 disappointed1 vexed4      
,saddle1 #ce_/cg1 s4 the saddle1 riding4

 ,we still say a saddle horse1  a cart  
horse1 meaning a horse for riding or    
carting4    ,saile1 #aad_/bc1 s4 sail1  
beare low saile  to live humbly  or     
economically4 ,than bear so low a sail1 
to strike to  thee4--,shakspere1 #c     
,hen4 ,,vi4 v4 #a4 ,cf4 also #c ,henry  
,,vi4 iii4 #c4    ,sallets1 #dj_/a1 s4  
pl4 salads4    ,sallow1 #bb_/bf1 s4 a   
species of willow4 ,a4,s4 salig4        
,salue1 #d_/b1 s4 ointment1 salve4      
,sampire1 #dj_/f1 s4 samphire4 ,crithmum
 marinum4--,gerard's ,herball1  #afcc4  
,half way down1  ,hangs one that gathers
 samphire1 dreadful trade4              
--,shakspere1 ,lear1 iv4 #f4    ,sauer1 
#aj_/aj1 s4 scent1 inkling4    ,sauer1  
#gg_/c1 a person to look after and see  
that things are not wasted4    ,sauerie1
 #ci_/ce1 s4 savoury4 ,fr4 savore4 ,lat4
 satureja4    ,sauerlie1 #i_/c1 adj4    
frugal1 gained by saving4    ,sauin1    
#de_/bb1 s4 savin4 ,juniperus sabina1   
,linn4    ,sawsie1 #aad_/ce1 adj4 saucy1
 impudent4    ,saxefrage1 #dd_/ac1 s4   

saxifrage4 ,lat4 saxifraga1 from saxum1 
a  rock1 and frango1 to break1 being    
supposed to disintegrate the rocks1  in 
the crevices of which it grows1 and     
thence to dissolve stone in the         
bladder4 ,called in ,scotland           
,thirlstane1 which has the same meaning4
    ,scaberd1 #ajb_/b1 s4 scabbard4     
,scamble1 #ea_/g1 v4 scramble for4      
,scant1 #ef_/eb1 adj4 scarce1 wanting4  
,scant1 #aad_/bd1 adv4 scarcely4 ,so in 
,bacon's ,table of ,coulers1 ,i4  ,the  
,epicure that will scant indure the     
,stoic to be in sight of him4  ,cf4 also
 ,romeo and ,juliet1 i4 #b4    ,scanted1
 #b_/ad1 adj4 limited1 stinted1 grudged4
 ,cf4 also note ,e#cag4    ,scape1      
#ig_/a1 v4 escape1 get off4    ,scare1  
#ef_/ac1 v4 imp4 drive away4    ,scotch1
 #cc_/ag1 v4 pr4 t4 cut1 hew4           
,scoutwatch1 #aj_/ai1 s4 watch1 guard4  
,scowles1 #aj_/bc1 v4 pr4 t4 scowls1    
frowns1 is ill-tempered4    ,scrall1    
#di_/;c1 v4 pr4 t4 crawl4 ,to scrall1   
stir1 motito--,coles'  ,lat4 ,dict4 ,and

 the river shall scral with             
frogs4--,wiclif1 ,exodus  viii4 #c4     
,scrauling1 #di_/i1 pr4 p4 crawling4    
,scruplenes1 page #d1 s4 scruples1      
scrupulousness4 ,lat4 scrupulus1 a      
little stone such as may get into a     
traveller's shoe and distress him2      
hence1 a source of doubt or distress4   
,sea holie1 #dj_/ag1 s4 sea-hulfer1     
sea-holm2 a plant of the genus          
,eryngium 7,e4 maritimum74 ,a4,s4       
hulfer1 holly4    ,sealed1 #ag_/ah1 adj4
 certified1 stamped4    ,seame1 #ba_/b1 
s4 a quarter of corn4 ,a4,s4 seam4      
,secresie1 #i_/bj1 s4 secrets1 private  
concerns4    ,sedge collars1 #ag_/ab1 s4
 pl4 collars made of sedge or reeds4    
,seede1 #ea_/ab1 v4 obtain seed from4   
,seede cake1 #ij_/g1 a festival so      
called at the end of wheat-sowing in    
,essex and ,suffolk1 when the village is
 to be treated with seed cakes1         
pasties1 etc4--,warton4    ,seeith1     
#ai_/da1 v4 imp4 boil4    ,seeke1       
#aj_/bd1 v4 seek1 their dinners to seeke

  their dinners have  to be sought1 i4e4
 are lacking4    ,seelie1 #dh_/ba1 adj4 
silly1 simple4 ,a4,s4 slig4 ,o4 ,l4     
,ger4 salig4    ,seene1 #ie_/a1 adj4    
practised1 experienced4           ,its a
 schoolmaster  ,well seen in music4     
--,shakspere1 ,taming of ,shrew1 i4 #b4 
,seene1 #ajf_/af1 v4 pt4 t4 appeared4   
,lat4 visus est4    ,seeth1 #gh_/e1 v4  
imp4 boil4    ,seeue1 #ag_/c1 s4 sieve1 
sifter4    ,seggons1 #he_/f1 s4 pl4 poor
 labourers4 ,seg-head1 a                
blockhead4--,craven ,cf4 ,segger1       
,chester ,plays1 ii4 #ea4    ,sell1     
#aad_/ba1 s4 cell1 abbey4    ,semsters1 
#hf_/g1 s4 pl needlewomen1 seamstresses4
 ,a4,s4 seamestre4    ,seruice-trees1   
#cd_/bd1 s4 pl4 more correctly spelt    
,servise-tree1  from ,lat4 cervisia1 its
 fruit having from ancient times been   
used for  making a fermented liquor1 a  
kind of beer4    ,seruiture1 #ii_/a1 s4 
servant1 attendant4    ,set1 #cf_/be1 v4
 imp4 plant round1 set4    ,set1        
#ce_/de1 s4 the young shoots4           

,setteth1 #aj_/fj1 v4 pr4 t4 risks4     
,setteth his soule upon sixe or on      
seauen  risks his soul on the cast of a 
die4    ,seuer1 #ae_/dj1 v4 imp4        
separate1 sort4    ,seuerall1 title1    
adj4 inclosed land1 divided into fields 
by fences4  ,l4 ,lat4 separalis4        
,sewe1 #ae_/ag1 v4 imp4 drain4 ,cf4     
sewer4 ,welsh1 sych1 dry4 ,cf4 ,lat4    
siccus4 ,see ,pegge's ,kenticisms4      
,shackles1 #ag_/ba1 s4 pl4 shackles4    
,a4,s4 scacul4 ,dutch1 schakel1 a  link 
of a chain4    ,shack time1 #af_/cj1 s4 
the time during which the shaken-out    
grain  remains on the ground after      
harvest4 ,shack1 ,norfolk1 a general    
common for hogs1 from the end of harvest
 till seed time4 ,to go at  shack1 to go
 at large4--,coles' ,dict4 #afgf4       
,brockett's ,glossary  gives3 ,shack1   
shak1 to shed1 or shake1 as corn in     
harvest4 ,then  shack-fork1 a           
shake-fork4 ,shacking-time1 the season  
when malt is  ripe4--,kersey's ,eng4    
,dict4 #agae4 ,wedgwood 7,eng4 ,etym47  

says3 ,shack  is the shaken grain       
remaining on the ground when the        
gleaning is over1  the fallen mast      
7,forby74 ,hence to shack1 to turn pigs 
or poultry into  the stubble field to   
feed on the scattered grain4 ,shack1    
liberty of  winter pasturage1 when the  
cattle are allowed to rove over the     
tillage  land4 ,forby gives ,shack1 sb4 
the acorns or mast under the trees4     
,compare the provincial ,shucks1 the    
pods or shells from which peas  have    
been shaken1 or1 as it is frequently    
called1 shook4    ,share1 #eb_/a1 v4    
shear4    ,shares1 #ag_/aj1 s4 plough   
shares4    ,sharing1 #ag_/af1 adj4      
shearing4    ,shaue1 #ag_/f1 s4         
spokeshave4    ,sheawd1 #ajb_/g1 pp4    
shown1 displayed4    ,shed1 #eg_/g1 v4  
lose the grains of corn4                
,sheepebiter1 #fd_/ag1 s4 a thief1 lit4 
a wolf1 a cant phrase4 ,see  ,halliwell1
 s4v4    ,shent1 #eg_/de1 pp4 ruined1   
disgraced4 ,a4,s4 scendan4    ,shere1   
#c_/g1 s4 shire1 county4 ,a4,s4 scire4  

,shift1 #i_/ci1 v4 manage1 fare4        
,shift1 #ajd_/a1 s4 excuse1 makeshift4  
,shifting1 #ie_/e1 adj4 changing1 often 
removing4    ,shifting1 #aj_/bg1        
#aj_/cd1 v4 trickery1 cheating1 acting  
shiftingly4    ,shiftingly1 #i_/bf1 adv4
 by tricks or mean shifts4    ,shock1   
#ef_/bj1 s4 a certain number of bundles 
or sheaves of corn 7in  some parts      
twelve74 ,a shocke of wheate1 meta      
tritici4--,withal's  ,dict4 #afjh4      
,shock1 #eg_/aj1 v4 imp4 collect into   
shocks or heaps of twelve  sheaves4     
,shod1 #ag_/f1 pp4 tired4    ,sholue1   
#ag_/a1 s4 shovel4    ,shoo1 #ajb_/b1 s4
 pl4 shoes4 ,a4,s4 sceo1 a shoe1 pl4    
sceon4    ,shot1 #aad_/dj1 s4 expense1  
reckoning4    ,showreth out1 #ad_/c1 v4 
pr4 t4 is showery1 rainy weather4       
,shreaw1 #af_/ag1 s4 thief1 rascal1     
#fg_/bd1 s4 shrew1 scold4 ,see ,shrew4  
,shred pies1 #ca_/c1 s4 pl4 mince pies1 
the meat being cut up into  shreds4     
,a4,s4 scredan1 small pieces4 ,no matter
 for plomb-porridge  or shrid           

pies4--,sheppard's ,epigrams1 #afea4    
,shrew1 #fd99_/f1 s4 scold4 ,shrewe1    
pravus4 ,schrewyd1 pravatus1            
depravatus4--,prompt4 ,parv4            
,shroftide1 #ij_/c1 s4 ,shrove ,tuesday1
 the day before the first day of  ,lent4
    ,shrouing1 #ij_/c1 s4 to be merry1  
probably derived from the sports and    
merriment of ,shrovetide4 ,see          
,halliwell1 s4v4 ,shrove4    ,shut1 v4  
#ea_/e1 shoot1 throw2 #cg_/ac1 shoot    
out1 spring up4    ,sieth1 #ce_/be1 s4  
scythe4 ,a4,s4 sie4    ,siethes1        
#ci_/ci1 s4 pl4 chives1 spelt in        
,hollyband's ,dict4 #aeic1  sieves1 from
 ,fr4 cive1 ,allium fissile1 ,l4        
,sirops1 #ia_/c1 s4 pl4 sirups4         
,siszers1 #ag_/d1 s4 scissors4          
,sithe1 #ag_/ad1 s4 scythe4    ,skare1  
#b_/g1 v4 frighten4 ,icel4 skirra  to   
drive away4    ,skared1 #fi_/d1 pp4     
frightened1 cheated of4    ,skavel1     
#ag_/ai1 s4 a kind of spade1 having its 
sides slightly turned  up1 used in      
draining1 and cleaning narrow ditches4  

,compare scuffle1 a  garden hoe1 and    
shovel4    ,skep1 #ag_/c1 s4 a basket   
made of rushes or straw4    ,skill1     
#aad_/ch1 s4 plan1 design4              
,skillesse1 #aac_/d1 adj4 simple1       
homely4    ,skirrets1 #dj_/ai1 s4 pl4   
the water-parsnip4 ,sium latifolium1    
contracted from skirwort1 its older     
name1 a corruption of  sugar-wort4 ,ger4
 zucker-wurzel4    ,skreene1 #ij_/b1 s4 
fire-screen4 ,see note ,e#dec4          
,skreine1 #ag_/af1 s4 sieve1 screen4 ,o4
 ,fr4 escrein4    ,skuppat1 #ag_/ai1 s4 
a spade used in draining and making     
narrow  ditches4 ,belgian schup1 a      
spade4    ,skuttle1 #ag_/af1 s4 a screen
 for cleaning corn1 i4e4 a large broad  
and  shallow shovel for casting threshed
 corn from one side of the barn to  the 
other that light grains and dust may    
fall short4    ,slab1 #ae_/ce1 s4 the   
outside cut of sawn timber4             
,slabbered1 #dh_/bj1 pp4 dirtied1       
beslobbered4 ,l4 ,ger4 and ,dut4        
slabbern4    ,slained1 #ajf_/ae1 pp4    

slain1 murdered1 but perhaps we should  
read  stained4    ,slake1 #a_/d1 v4 to  
slacken4    ,slapsauce1 #ih_/b1 s4 a    
parasite4--,minsheu4 ,a lickedish1 a    
lickerish  fellow1 a                    
slapsawce4--,nomenclator1 #aehe4        
99,slapt1 #gb;e1 pp4    ,slea1 #ajg_/c1 
v4 slay1 kill4 ,a4,s4 slean4    ,sled1  
#ag_/aa1 s4 sledge1 truck4 ,ger4 and    
,dutch slede4 ,icel4 sledi4  ,a4,s4     
slidan1 to slide4    ,slept1 #ij_/a1 pp4
 slipt1 forgotten1 omitted4    ,slise1  
#ce_/bj1 v4 imp4 slice1 cut4            
,sliuers1 #bc_/a1 s4 pl4 pieces of split
 wood1 chips4 ,a4,s4 slifan4            
,slugging1 #ge_/a1 s4 lying late in bed4
    ,sluts1 #ge_/e1 s4 pl4 slovens1     
slatterns4 ,ger4 schlutte4 ,dutch slet4 
,smack1 #eg_/bd1 a pleasant repast4     
,smalach1 #de_/bj1 s4 celery1 or water  
parsley4 ,the small ache or  parsley as 
compared with the hipposelinum or great 
parsley4    ,small nuts1 #cd_/bb1       
,smalnut1 #cc_/eg1 s4 hazel nuts4       
,snag dragons1 #dc_/cj1 s4 pl4          

snapdragons1 so called from its corolla 
resembling the snap or snout4 ,dut4 sneb
 of some animal4 ,called by  ,lyte      
,calf's snowte4    ,snorting1 #i_/af1   
adj4 snoring1 sleepy4 ,a4,s4 snora1 a   
snoring4    ,snudgeth1 #fb_/b1 v4 pr4 t4
 is economical or saving1 or1 works     
quietly  or snugly4 ,in ,lanc4 snidge4  
,a4,s4 snid4 ,danish snedig1 cunning4   
',thus your husbandrye1 methincke1 is   
much more like the life of a  covetous  
snudge1 that ofte very evill proves1    
then the labour of a  goode husbande1   
that knoweth well what he               
doth4--,ascham1 ,toxophilus1  p4 #f4    
,sockle1 #ce_/cj1 v4 imp4 suckle1       
provide with milk4    ,sod1 #bb_/bg1 pp4
 boiled4    ,soketh1 #ai_/b1 v4 pr4 t4  
wets1 soaks4    ,soles1 #ag_/ba1 s4 pl4 
a collar of wood1 put round the neck of 
cattle  to confine them to the post4    
,sollen1 #hi_/ac1 adj4 sullen1 sulky4   
,soller1 #eg_/e1 s4 garret1 loft1 or    
upper room4 ,solarium1 an upper  room1  
chamber1 or garret which in some parts  

of ,england is still called  a          
sollar4--,kennett1 ,gloss4 p4 #acd4     
,sooth1 #aj_/fa1 v4 to flatter4    ,sops
 in wine1 #dc_/ca1 s4 a kind of pink    
resembling a carnation2 the  clove pink4
 ,the rose and speckled flowre cald     
sops-in-wine4--,the  ,affectionate      
,shepheard1 #aeid4    ,sorell1 #ci_/cf1 
s4 sorrell4 ,fr4 surelle1 a dimin4 from 
,l4 ,ger4  suur  sour1 from the acidity 
of the leaves4 ,rumex acetosa1 ,l4      
,sost1 #dh_/bj1 pp4 dirty1 foul4 ,of any
 one that mixes several  slops1 or makes
 any place wet or dirty1 we say in      
,kent1 he makes a  soss4--,kennett ,,ms4
    ,souse1 #ab_/e1 s4 pig's feet and   
ears pickled4    ,soutage1 #eg_/ea1 s4  
bagging for hops1 or coarse cloth4 ,see 
,more's ,,ms4  ,additions to ,ray's     
,north ,country ,gloss4    ,southly1    
#af_/bj1 adv4 facing the south4         
,sowce1 #ai_/cg1 v4 imp4 steep in brine1
 pickle4    ,sower1 #ce_/ea1 adj4 sour4 
,spare1 #aac_/c1 v4 economize1 be       
sparing4    ,spareth1 #aj_/ce1 v4 pr4 t4

 are economical1 save4    ,spars1       
#cc_/af1 s4 pl4 rafters4    ,speedfull1 
#eb_/ac1 adj4 useful1 profitable4       
,speeding1 #b_/aj1 s4 progress1 success4
    ,speered1 #hd_/e1 pp4 sprouted1 a   
term in malting4 ,i spyer as corne      
dothe whan it begynneth to waxe rype1 je
 espie4--,palsgrave4    ,spent1 #ae_/da1
 pp4 used1 consumed4    ,sperage1       
#dj_/ah1 s4 asparagus4 ,lemery in his   
,treatise on ,foods1 #agjd1  gives as   
the etymology3 ab aspergendo1           
sprinkling1 because 'tis  convenient to 
water them6    ,spials1 #fd_/ab1 s4 pl4 
spies4 ,fr4 pier4 ,o4 ,fr4 espier1      
whence our  espy1 spy4 ,low ,lat4 espia4
    ,spide1 #b_/i1 v4 pr4 t4 beheld1    
saw4    ,spight1 #eg_/ac1 s4 as a spite 
or grief to4    ,spight1 #ig_/f1 v4     
spite1 be unpropitious4    ,spil1       
#ajb_/f1 v4 pr4 t4 spoil1 ruin4         
,spilled1 #ej_/f1 ,spilt1 #ef_/ed1 pp4  
ruined1 spoilt4 ,a4,s4 spillan4         
,spring1 #dh_/aa1 s4 young buds of      
felled underwood4    ,spurlings1 #ab_/e1

 s4 pl4 smelts4 ,spurlin1 a smelt1 ,fr4 
esperlan4--,skinner4 ,sparling1 smelts  
of the ,thames4--,brockett's  ,n4 ,c4   
,glossary4 ,first a sprat1 then a small 
sparling1 then a  sparling4--,r4 ,holme1
 p4 #cbe4    ,squatteth1 #af_/ch1 v4 pr4
 t4 sit or crouch down4 ,welsh yswatian1
 to  squat1 lie flat4    ,squier1       
#aj_/eg1 s4 squire1 gentleman4          
,stadled1 #dh_/h1 pp4 to stadle a ,wood 
is to leave at certain distances  a     
sufficient number of young trees to     
replenish it4--,t4,r4    ,staddles1     
#dg_/i1 ,stadles1 #dh_/i1 s4 pl4 young  
growing trees left after  cutting       
underwood4    ,staid1 #b_/h1 v4 pt4 t4  
kept1 detained4    ,staie1 #aj_/g1 s4   
means of support4    ,staie1 #ai_/dj1 v4
 prevent1 stop4    ,staied1 #fj_/i1 adj4
 steady1 staid4    ,stalfed1 #ba_/aa1   
adj4 stall-fattened4    ,stamp1 #ah_/dh1
 v4 imp4 bruise1 pound4    ,stands thee 
upon1 #aj_/ci1 are suitable1 proper for4
 ,to stand a person  on is to be        
incumbent upon him1 it is his           

duty4--,wilbraham1  ,gloss4 of ,cheshire
 ,words1 #ahah4    ,star of ,bethlehem1 
#dc_/cd1 s4 ,star of ,bethlehem4        
,ornithogalum  umbellatum1 a bulbous    
plant having a white star-like flower1  
like  pictures of the stars that        
indicated ,our ,lord's birth4    ,star  
of ,jerusalem1 #dc_/ce1 s4 perhaps      
sunflower or turn-sole4 ,ital4          
girasole1 familiarized into ,jerusalem4 
,stay1 #aad_/ca1 s4 rest1 quiet4        
,steade1 #fc_/c1 s4 in steade  to       
advantage4    99,stede1 #ai1 v4 suffice1
 profit4    ,steelie1 #ai_/ab1 adj4     
hard1 firm4    ,steepe1 #df_/f1 adj4 a  
steepe  steeply4    ,steeres1 #cf_/h1 s4
 pl4 oxen in their third year4 ,a4,s4   
steor4    ,sterue1 #ajc_/d1 v4 starve1  
perish4 ,a4,s4 steorfan4                
99,steruelings1 #ej1 s4 pl4 half-starved
 animals4    ,stick1 #af_/cd1 v4 imp4 to
 stick boards  to arrange them neatly   
one  upon another with sticks           
between4--,t4,r4    ,still1 #cc_/ec1 v4 
imp4 quiet1 stop from growing4          

,still1 #dd_/a1 v4 distill4    ,still1  
#ej_/cc1 s4 a still4 ,lat4 stilla1 a    
drop4    ,stinted1 #ie_/d1 pp4          
appointed1 settled4    ,stirre1 #gg_/f1 
v4 move quickly1 bestir herself4        
,stitchwort1 #de_/bc1 s4 stitchwort1    
chickweed1 ,stellaria media1 ,linn4     
,stocke gilleflowers1 #dc_/cf1 s4 now   
shortened to stock1 from stock1  the    
trunk or woody stem of a tree or shrub1 
added to gilliflower to  distinguish it 
from plants of the pink tribe1 called1  
from their scent1  ,clove-gilleflowers4 
,stocks1 #bb_/ac1 s4 pl4 young trees4   
,stoutnes1 #i_/i1 s4 force4    ,stouer1 
#bj_/af1 s4 winter food for cattle1     
fodder from thrashed  corn1 whether     
straw1 chaff1 or colder 7broken ears of 
corn71 from  the ,old ,french estavoir1 
estovoir1 estouvier1 ,a4,n4 estovers1 or
  estouvoir1 which denotes1 according to
 ,roquefort 7,glossaire de la  langue   
,romane71 'provision de tout ce qui est 
ncessaire4'    ,strangenes1 #c_/a1 s4   
strangeness4    ,strawforke1 #ag_/a1 s4 

a pitchfork4    ,strawisp1 #ai_/ch1 s4  
wisps of straw4    ,streight waies1     
#aad_/h1 adv4 at once4    ,strike1      
#af_/i1 v4 pr4 t4 striking is the last  
ploughing before the  seed is committed 
to the earth4--,m4    ,strike1 #ag_/a1  
s4 a bushel measure4 ,robert ,webb of   
,shottre oweth me  iiijs4 iiijd4 lent   
hym in money for making ix strycke and a
 half  of malt4--,will of ,john ,cocks  
of ,stratford-on-,avon1 dated ,may      
#bgth1  #afjj4    ,stripe1 #eg_/e1 s4   
beating upon a ,hurdle or some other    
rough  thing4--,t4,r4    ,stroieng1     
#dh_/ag1 s4 destruction1 injury4 ,o4    
,fr4 7de7struire4 ,lat4  struere4       
,stroken1 #ce_/ca1 pp4 stroked1 kindly  
treated4    ,strowing1 #db_/a1 adj4 for 
strewing4    ,stroyal1 #aj_/bc1 s4 waste
 all1 wasteful4    ,stub1 #ce_/i1 s4    
stump1 buie at the stub  buy on the     
ground4 ,a4,s4  stybb1 allied to ,lat4  
stipes4    ,stub1 #cc_/dg1 v4 imp4 grub 
up4    ,and badd hym take a mattock     
anon1  ,and stubbe the olde rote away1  

,that had stonde there many a day4      
--,,ms4 ,cantab4 ,ff4 ii4 #ch1 f4 #abi4 
,stud1 #cc_/af1 s4 the uprights in a    
lath and plaster wall4 ,in manie  places
 there are not above foure1 six1 or nine
 inches between stud  and               
stud4--,harrison1 ,pt4 ,i1 p4 #bcc4     
,stur1 #fb_/f1 v4 move about1 exert4    
,sturs1 #fc_/af1 s4 pl4 disturbances1   
commotions4    ,substanciallie1 #i_/bc1 
adv4 in reality1 truly4    ,subtiltie1  
#i_/ag1 s4 cunning1 artfulness1 deceit4 
,sucker1 #bc_/d1 s4 assistance1 help1   
succour4    ,suckerie1 #ia_/b1 ,suckery1
 #ci_/ch1 s4 succory1 the wild endive1  
chicory4  ,fr4 chicore1 often replaced  
by fraudulent dealers with dandelion    
roots1 ,cichorium ,intybus1 ,l4         
,sudgerne1 #aj_/h1 v4 settle down4 ,fr4 
sojourner4 ,cf4 ,barbour's ,bruce1  ,e4 
,e4 ,text ,soc4 ed4 ,skeat1 #f_/bf1     
#af_/dg1 and #bj_/cef4    ,suer1 #hd_/c1
 adj4 sure1 careful4 ,o4 ,fr4 seur1     
segur4 ,lat4 securus4    ,suerty1       
#i_/bd1 s4 being security or surety4    

,suite1 #ah_/di1 s4 description1 kind4  
,suretie1 #aj_/bh1 s4 security1 bail4   
,swage1 #aad_/bf1 v4 assuage4           
,swatches1 #eg_/ah1 s4 pl4 rows or ranks
 of barley1 etc4    ,swathes1 #ee_/b1 s4
 pl4 the line of grass or corn cut and  
thrown  together by the scythe in       
mowing4 ,cotgrave gives3 ,gerber des    
javelles to bind corne of swath into    
sheaues1 to sheaue vp corne4  ,fni      
striga4 ,monceaux de foin par ordre4    
,the swathe or strake of  grasse1 as it 
lyeth mowne downe with the              
sithe4--,nomenclator4    ,sweate1       
#ef_/bj1 s4 a sweating1 i4e4 feel the   
effects of the heat4    ,sweete ,johns1 
#dc_/cc1 s4 a species of ,dianthus or   
pink1 called also  ,sweet ,john's-wort4 
,swerue1 #if_/db1 s4 fail1 depart4      
,swill1 #gh_/e1 s4 hog's-wash4    ,swim1
 #aj_/ei1 v4 to abound1 to overflow4    
,swinge1 #eb_/af1 v4 imp4 cut down with 
the long swinging scythe used  for that 
purpose4      ,t4    ,tack1 #ab_/c1     
,tacke1 #gf_/c1 s4 substance4 ,a tough  

piece of meat is said  to have plenty of
 tack in it4    ,taile1 #gg_/h1 s4 back4
    ,taint wormes1 #fe_/c1 s4 pl4 ,a    
small red spider called taint is by  the
 country people accounted a deadly      
poison to cows and horses4--,sir  ,t4   
,browne4    ,tale1 #hc_/d1 s4 tally1    
reckoning4    ,talent1 #ei_/i1 s4 the   
gifts and powers entrusted by ,god4 ,of 
course the  reference is to the         
,parable4    ,tallie1 #gh_/b1 s4 score1 
bill1 charge4    ,tallwood1 #ec_/ab1 s4 
wood cut for billets4 ,tall woode1 pacte
 wodde to  make byllettes of1           
taillee4--,palsgrave4    ,tampring1     
#ag_/af1 v4 tempering1 mixing1 thus the 
,bible speaks of  untempered mortar4    
,tane1 #ff_/a1 pp4 taken4    ,tanzie1   
#ci_/dj1 s4 tansy1 ,tanacetum vulgare1  
,linn4    ,tapple up taile1 #ba_/ad4    
,see note ,e#abe4    ,tarie1 #af_/aa1 v4
 delay1 keep back4    ,tarragon1        
#dj_/ba1 s4 tarragon4 ,tragum           
vulgare4--,gerard's ,herball4  ,used for
 perfuming vinegar in ,france4 ,o4 ,fr4 

targon4    ,tarrie1 #he_/a1 v4 wait for1
 await4    ,tawnie1 #dc_/c1 adj4        
yellowish4    ,ted1 #ed_/a1 v4 to spread
 abroad new-cut grass4 ,i teede hay1 ,i 
tourne  it afore it is made in cockes1  
je fene4--,palsgrave4    ,tedder1       
#aj_/i1 s4 tether1 live within one's    
tether  within the  limits of one's     
income4    ,teddered1 #af_/cc1 pp4      
tethered1 tied up4    ,teemes1 #eh_/f1  
s4 pl4 teams4    ,tell1 #ej_/cj1 v4 imp4
 count4    ,temmes lofe1 #af_/aa1 s4    
that made of a mixture of wheat and rye 
out  of which the coarser bran is       
taken4--,t4,r4 ,miche1 a fine manchet2  
the country people of ,france call so   
also a loafe of boulted bread or  tems  
bread4--,cotgrave4    ,temper1 #ia_/b1  
s4 condition4    ,tend1 #aj_/ci1 v4 imp4
 attend4    ,tendance1 #ef_/ec1 s4      
attention1 care4    ,tendeth1 #fb_/c1 v4
 pr4 t4 attends to1 looks after4        
,tere1 #ai_/cj1 s4 tares4    ,thacke1   
#ec_/ab1 s4 thatch1 roof covering4      
,erige1 holme or  thacke4--,huloet1     

#aeeb4 ,thakke1 tegmen1                 
tectura4--,vocab4 ,,ms4    ,thacker1    
#cf_/bd1 s4 thatcher4 ,a proud thacker  
of ,theeva would laugh  them to         
scorn4--,pilkington's ,works1 #cha4     
,thee1 #aj_/h1 v4 thrive1 prosper4 ,a   
very late example of this word2 at  this
 time it was nearly obsolete4 ,a4,s4    
thon1 to thrive1 flourish4    ,god that 
sittis in trinite1  ,gyffe thaym grace  
wel to the  ,that lystyns me a whyle4   
--,,ms4 ,cantab41 ,ff4 v4 #dh1 f4 #dg4  
,theeuerie1 #hf_/ab1 s4 dishonesty4     
,thencrease1 #ba_/b1 for the encrease   
the increase1 gain4    ,thend1 #ai_/dj1 
for the end4    ,thetch1 #eg_/cb1 s4    
thatch4    ,thicker1 #gd_/b1 adv4 more  
frequently4    ,thies1 #di_/;c1 s4 pl4  
thighs1 limbs4 ,a4,s4 theoh4 ,icel4     
thio4    ,thiller1 #ag_/d1 the          
shaft-horse1 also the last horse in a   
team4 ,a4,s4  thil1 a pole or shaft4    
,thylle horse1 veredus4--,prompt4 ,parv4
    ,thoes1 #ai_/dj1 pr4 those4         
,thon1 #aaj1 the one4    ,thorow1       

#ae_/ae1 v4 pass through4    ,thother1  
#aaj1 the other4    ,thresh1 #ij_/c1 v4 
imp4 whip1 thrash4    ,thresher1        
#hf_/ac1 s4 a duster of furniture4      
,thrift1 page #c1 s4 fortune1 success1  
prosperity4 ,icel4 thrif4    ,thriftie1 
#ei_/a1 adj4 thrifty1 economical4       
,thrift's ladder1 #eg_/cj1 s4 the ladder
 or road to fortune4    ,thry-fallowing1
 #ef_/a1 s4 the third fallow2 perhaps   
also  cross-fallowing4--,mavor4 ,the    
third plowing of a summer               
fallow4--,t4,r4    ,thwack1 #ah_/c1 v4  
imp4 thump1 beat together4    ,tiburne  
stretch1 #aad_/ce1 an execution4 ,see   
note ,e#dih4    ,tide1 #fc_/b1 pp4 tied1
 fastened4    ,tidie1 #eg_/bb1 adj4 ,an 
old word signifying neat1 proper1 or in 
season1 from the word ,tide4--,t4,r4    
,tieth1 #ef_/ai1 s4 tithe4    ,tilman1  
#af_/d1 s4 farm labourers1 ploughmen1   
etc4    ,tilth1 #d_/b1 s4 tillage1      
cultivation4 ,a4,s4 til1 from tilian1 to
  till4    ,tilth1 #dg_/b1 the ground   
tilled4    ,tilture1 #ch_/ba1 s4        

tillage1 cultivation4    ,time1 #ci_/da1
 s4 thyme4  ,greek3 thymos1 from        
,greek3 thuo1  fumigate1 and identical  
with ,lat4 fumus1 from its being used in
  sacrifices4    ,timelie1 #ee_/i1 adv4 
in time4    ,timely1 #af_/ai1 adv4      
early1 soon4    ,tine1 #ej_/ah1 s4 wild 
vetch or tare1 a plant that tines or    
encloses  and imprisons other plants4   
,vicia hirsuta4    ,tith1 #ef_/ab1 s4   
tithe4    ,tithers1 #aj_/eb1 s4 pl4     
payers of tithes4    ,tithing1 #aj_/eb1 
s4 paying tithes or dues4    ,tits1     
#ae_/f1 s4 pl4 horses4 ,the phrase a    
nice tit is still in use4    ,titters1  
#ej_/ah1 s4 pl4 a noxious weed amongst  
corn4    ,tittle tattle1 #bb_/c1        
chattering1 gossipping4    ,to1 #ah_/f1 
prep4 for1 as4    ,tode1 with an ,r1    
#fb_/ag1 s4 ,see note ,e#chd4           
,toesed1 #aad_/e1 pp4 pulled1 pinched4  
,cf4 to tease1 or card wool4  ,a4,s4    
tsan1 to pull1 pluck4    ,toieng1       
#fa_/a1 pr4 p4 playing1 amusing         
ourselves4    ,toies1 #eg_/cd1 s4 pl4   

amusements1 occupations4    ,toile1     
#b_/aa1 s4 labour1 work4    ,tolleth1   
#ee_/ab1 v4 pr4 t4 takes toll4    ,ton1 
444 tother1 #ee_/h1 the one 444 the     
other4    ,tone1 #aj_/aj1 the one4      
,tooteth1 #id_/b1 v4 pr4 t4 looks or    
strives anxiously4 ,tooting and         
prying4--,taylor's ,workes1 #afcj1 i4   
#aai4    ,toppingly1 #di_/a1 adj4 8     
,tost1 #b_/aa1 v4 pt4 t4 agitated1      
harassed4 ,cf4 tease4    ,touch1        
#eg_/dc1 s4 faith1 honour1 to keep      
touch1 to keep faith1  perform a        
promise4 ,the phrase occurs in the      
,ballad of ,george  ,barnwell1 line #db4
    ,traie1 #ag_/af1 s4 a mason's hod4  
,traine1 #cb_/b1 s4 draw4 ,fr4 trainer1 
from ,l4 ,lat4 trahinare1 from  ,lat4   
trahere4    ,transpose1 #ei_/aj1 v4     
arrange1 dispose of4    ,trauell1 page  
#b1 s4 labour1 work4 ,fr4 travail4      
,trauerse1 #ei_/b1 v4 start upon1       
proceed upon4    ,treachery1 #i_/bg1 s4 
breach of faith1 perfidy4    ,treene1   
#he_/aj1 adj4 wooden4    ,trew1 #aac_/b1

 adj4 true4    ,trick1 #ae_/ce1 adj4    
neat1 clean1 tidy4    ,tricketh1 #id_/e1
 v4 pr4 t4 dresses up1 furnishes4       
,trickly1 #gc_/c1 adj4 neat1 tidy4      
,trim1 #bc_/i1 v4 repair4    ,trim1     
#c_/b1 adv4 quickly1 at once1 easily4   
,a4,s4 trum4    ,trimlie1 #eg_/cd1 adv4 
neatly1 cleanly4    ,trinkets1 #ag_/e1  
s4 pl4 porringers 7,halliwell71 ,ray    
gives3  counterfeits and trinkets1 s4   
pl4 porringers and saucers4 ,cheshire4  
,see note in ,prompt4 ,parv4    ,triue1 
#ei_/b1 v4 pr4 t4 7for contrive71       
attempt1 try4    ,troffe1 #ag_/i1 s4 a  
trough4    ,trope1 #bh_/b1 s4 a phrase4 
,from ,greek  ,greek3 tropos1 a         
turning1 lit41 the use of a word or     
expression in a different sense  from   
that which properly belongs to it4      
,troth1 #a_/a1 s4 truth4 ,see an article
 on the derivation of this word  in     
,leaves from a ,word ,hunter's ,note    
,book1 by ,rev4 ,a4 ,s4 ,palmer1 #ahgf1 
p4 #gc4    ,trowleth1 #ei_/f1 v4 pr4 t4 
helps on1 moves towards4 ,welsh troliaw1

  to troll or trundle4    ,trudge1      
#gc_/bj1 v4 go1 be spent4    ,trudgeth1 
#aj_/ba1 v4 pr4 t4 labours1 journey's   
far4    ,trull1 #cf_/d1 s4 girl1 lass4  
,trustilie1 #i_/bb4 adv4 confidingly4   
,tullie1 #aab_/e1 ,cicero4    ,tumb1    
#ajf_/ae1 s4 the tomb1 grave4           
,tumbrel1 #af_/g1 s4 a tumbril1 a       
dung-cart4    ,turfe1 #eb_/ab1 s4 turf1 
peat4 ,turfe of flagge1 swarde of the   
erthe1  cespes4--,prompt4 ,parv4 ,a     
,turfe1 cespes4--,cathol4 ,angl4        
,turnebroch1 #hj_/b1 s4 ,before the     
introduction of jacks1 spits were       
turned either by dogs trained for the   
purpose1 or by lads kept in the  family1
 or hired1 as occasion arose1 to turn   
the spit1 or broach4  ,these boys were  
the ,turn-broaches4 ,see ,halliwell4    
,turn up1 #df_/ah1 v4 deck1 ornament4   
,twelftide1 #ij_/b1 s4 ,twelfth ,day1   
i4e4 ,january #fth1 twelve days after   
,christmas4 ,at the city of ,new ,sarum 
is a very great faire for cloath  at    
,twelftyde called ,twelfe               

,market4--,aubrey's ,wilts4 ,,ms4 ,roy4 
,soc4 p4  #ccc4    ,twifallow1 #ej_/bc1 
v4 imp4 till twice1 plough twice4 ,see  
,thry-fallowing4    ,twiggers1 #ce_/bh1 
s4 pl4 first-class breeders4 ,see       
,halliwell1 s4v4    ,twigging1 #ce_/bh1 
s4 fast breeding4    ,twinlings1        
#ce_/bh1 s4 pl4 twins 7according to ,dr4
 ,mavor1 but see note  ,e#agg74         
,twinning1 #ce_/bh1 s4 bearing twins4   
,twise1 #ei_/aa1 adv4 twice4            
,twitcher1 #ag_/ag1 s4 instruments used 
for clinching the  hog-rings4--,mavor4  
,twitchis1 #ec_/b1 s4 pl4 wounds1 cuts4 
,u4    ,undeskanted1 #aj_/ci1 pp4       
untalked of4    ,vndooeth1 #aj_/df1 v4  
ruins1 destroys4    ,vnfainedlie1       
#i_/ch1 adv4 unfeignedly1 in truth4     
,vnlustie1 #ai_/bd1 adj4 poor4          
,vnmeete1 #eg_/e1 adj4 unfit4 ,a4,s4    
unmte4    ,vnsauerie1 #i_/ae1 adj4      
wasteful1 ruinous4    ,vnshaken1        
#af_/cd1 adj4 perfect1 in good order1   
free from shakes4    ,vnspilt1 #af_/h1  
pp4 not wasted4    ,vntackle1 #bc_/f1 v4

 unyoke4    ,vntangled1 #eg_/ej1 pp4    
freed from the hop vines4    ,vnthrift1 
#f_/c1 s4 a prodigal1 spendthrift4      
,vnthriftely1 #i_/cj991 adv4 wastefully4
    ,vsher1 #aj_/ag1 s4 doorkeeper4 ,o4 
,fr4 ussier1 huissier1 from uis1  huis1 
a door4      ,v4    ,vaine1 #ah_/h1 s4  
liking1 fancy4    ,vainfull1 #b_/ac1    
adj4 vain1 fickle4    ,valerian1        
#de_/bd1 s4 ,valerian4 ,valeriana       
officinalis1 ,linn4    ,vance1 #aad_/g1 
v4 advance4    ,vantage1 #c_/g1 s4      
advantage1 profit4    ,vegetiue1 #ee_/g1
 adj4 belonging to the plant4    ,vent1 
#ai_/bg1 s4 sale1 disposal4 ,fr4 vente1 
from ,lat4 vendere1  venditum1 to sell4 
,there is no vent for any commoditie    
except  wool4--,sir ,w4 ,temple4        
,venter1 #hc_/d1 v4 venture1 risk4      
,ventrest1 #ai_/ce1 v4 pr4 t4 risk1     
venture4    ,vergis1 #ah_/db1 s4        
verjuice1 the juice of crab-apples1 or  
other unripe  fruit4 ,fr4 verjus1 from  
vert1 green and jus1 juice4    ,verie1  
#ib_/d1 adj4 true1 real4    ,verlets1   

#fc_/ah1 s4 pl4 rascals1 scoundrels4 ,o4
 ,fr4 varlet1 vaslet1  now valet4       
,vermin1 #cc_/g1 v4 destroy the vermin4 
,vew1 #aad_/bd1 s4 view1 sight4         
,vewe1 #ge_/g1 v4 view1 examine4        
,vice1 #fd_/ai1 s4 buffoon4 ,the fool or
 punchinello of old shows4  ,light and  
lascivious poems1 uttered by these      
buffoons or vices in                    
plays4--,puttenham1 ii4 #i1 p4 #fi4     
,villeny1 #i_/ba1 s4 unfair or mean     
treatment4    ,vitleth1 #ig_/a1 v4 pr4  
t4 eats1 dines4    ,vittels1 #eg_/ci1 s4
 pl4 provisions1 food4    ,voyd1        
#fd99_/d1 v4 avoid4      ,w4            
,wadling1 #ce_/de1 s4 wattling1 wattled 
fence4 ,wattles are wood  slit4--,t4,r4 
,wadmus 78 ,wadmul71 page #cg1 note #a1 
a very thick1 coarse kind of  woollen   
cloth1 made originally of ,iceland wool4
 ,icel4 vadml4  ,halliwell1 s4v4        
,wadmal4    ,wag1 #hg_/c1 s4 messenger4 
,waid1 #aad_/dj1 pp4 considered1        
reflected on4    ,waieth1 #ii_/e1       
,waith1 #aja_/e1 v4 pr4 t4 considers1   

reflects4    ,waight1 #ef_/bd1 v4 pr4 t4
 watch1 wait about4    ,waights1        
#aj_/dd1 s4 weights1 measures4          
,waight1 #ii_/a1 v4 attend or wait at   
table4    ,waine1 #dh_/bb1 v4 imp4      
fetch1 bring1 lit4 to convey in a wain  
or  wagon4    ,waine1 #af_/g1 s4 waggon4
 ,a4,s4 wn1 wgen4    ,wake day1 #ij_/e1 
s4 a village festival1 kept originally  
on the day of  the dedication of the    
parish church4 ,see note ,e#dee4        
,walke1 #dh_/ag1 s4 pasturing4          
,wallow1 #ajb_/b1 v4 pr4 t4 make dirty1 
cover4    ,wand1 #cc_/de1 v4 imp4       
inclose with poles4    ,wanteth1 #id_/h1
 v4 pr4 t4 is in want4    ,wantey1      
#ag_/e1 s4 a rope or leathern girdle1 by
 which burdens are tied  to the back of 
a horse2 wamb-tie1 a belly-band4        
,wanton1 #ij_/e1 s4 merry girl4 ,o4 ,e4 
wantowen1 from wan-1 prefix  signifying 
lack or want1 and togen1 pp4 of teon1 to
 educate4    ,wardens1 #cd_/bf1 s4 pl4 a
 large baking pear4 ,i would have him   
roasted  like a warden4--,beau4 and     

,flet4    ,warely1 #aae_/b1 adv4        
carefully1 warily4    ,wares1 #bb_/ai1  
s4 pl4 productions4    ,warily1 #aj_/cd1
 adv4 discreetly1 cautiously4 ,a4,s4 wr4
    ,warrener1 #cc_/g1 s4 the keeper of 
a warren4    ,wart1 #aad_/e1 v4 pr4 t4  
wert1 wast4    ,waster1 #gi_/a1 s4      
wasteful4    ,water furrow1 #ai_/g1 v4  
imp4 draw furrows across the ridges in  
the  lowest part of the ground to act as
 drains or water-courses4 ,a watir      
furre1 elix4--,cathol4 ,anglicum4       
,water-retting1 #af_/be1 s4 retting is  
the process of steeping flax in  water  
to separate the fibres4 ,rettyn tymber1 
hempe or other like1  rigo1             
infundo4--,prompt4 ,parv4    ,wayest1   
#aj_/d1 v4 considerest4    ,weather1    
#eg_/e1 v4 imp4 dry in the open air4    
,weene1 #fg_/ab1 v4 pr4 t4 think4 ,a ,s4
 wenan4    ,webster1 #ae_/ag1 s4 a      
weaver4 ,a4,s4 webbestre1 a female      
weaver4    99,wedehoke1 #gi1 s4 a       
weeding tool4    ,weeles1 #cf_/ca1 s4   
pl4 snares or traps for fish made of    

osiers or  twigs4 ,a weele1 a wicker    
net1 wherewith fishes being once entred1
  there is no way for them to get out2 a
 bow net4--,nomenclator4    ,there      
plenty is of roches1 bleakes1 or eeles1 
,which fishermen catche in their nets   
and weeles4    --,newe ,metamorphosis1  
#afjj4    ,wefte1 #hd_/a1 s4 a loss4    
,well a fine1 #aad_/ai1 to a good end or
 purpose4    ,welthines1 #aj_/cf1 s4    
plenty1 wealth4    ,wenches1 #eg_/cd1 s4
 pl4 girls4    ,wennel1 #bj_/bh1 s4 a   
calf just weaned4 ,a lambe1 or a kidde1 
or a  weanell wast4--,spenser1 ,shep4   
,cal4 ,september4    ,wether1 #ij_/g1 s4
 weather4    ,wheat plums1 #cd_/bg1 s4  
pl4 a large fleshy plum1 sometimes      
called the  bastard ,orleans plum4      
,wheele ladder1 #ag_/f1 s4 probably a   
frame on the side of a cart to  support 
hay or corn when the load is to be      
increased4--,mavor4    ,whelpe1 #ie_/b1 
s4 child4    ,whereas1 #ba_/be1 adv4    
wherever4    ,whight1 #ae_/ab1 adj4     
white4    ,whinnes1 #ec_/ab1 s4 pl4     

whin1 furze4    ,whipstock1 #ba_/ad1 s4 
the handle of a whip4    ,bought you a  
whistle1 and a whip-stalk too1  ,to be  
revenged on their villainies4           
--,span4 ,tragedy1 iii4 #ahj4    ,whist1
 #fd99_/aj1 v4 be silent1 be hushed4    
,keepe the whisht1 and  thou shalt heare
 it the sooner4--,terence in ,eng4      
#afda4    ,whit1 #b_/d1 s4 a point1 no  
whit1 not in the slightest degree4      
,a4,s4  wiht1 a creature1 thing4 ,gothic
 waiht4    ,whitch1 #ce_/f1 which sort4 
,whit leather1 #ag_/d1 s4 leather       
dressed with alum1 salt1 etc41          
remarkable for its pliability and       
toughness4 ,i think ,i'm as hard as a   
nut1 and as tough as                    
whit-leather4--,howitt4    ,whitemeat1  
,whitmeat1 #dg_/bj1 s4 eggs1 milk1      
butter1 cheese1 etc4    ,wicket1 #gg_/i1
 s4 mouth4    ,wight1 #c_/f1 s4 person1 
man4 ,a4,s4 wiht4 ,gothic waiht4        
,wild otes fantasie1 #i_/cj991 the      
fancies or excesses of youth4 ,cf4      
sowing his wild oats4    ,wiles1        

#aad_/ah1 s4 pl4 tricks1 deceits4       
,wilfull1 #ce_/d1 adj4 ready1 hasty4    
,wimble1 #ag_/f1 s4 auger4 ,an auger or 
wimble1 wherwith holes are  bored1      
terebra and terebrum4--,baret's         
,aluearie1 #aehj4 ,gimlet is  the dimin4
 from wimble4    ,wine1 #ea_/ba1 v4 imp4
 win1 make to please4    ,wit1 #af_/c1  
s4 sense1 good judgment4 ,a4,s4 witt4   
,wither1 #eg_/bj1 v4 dry4    ,wonne1    
#ge_/c1 pp4 managed1 made up4    ,wood1 
#ac_/e1 adj4 mad4 ,a4,s4 wod4           
,woodrofe1 #dd_/ag1 s4 sweet woodruff1  
,asperula odorata4 ,a4,s4  wudurfe4     
,woodsere1 #ea_/f1 s4 the month or      
season for cutting wood2 but see next   
word4 ,if wood be cut after the sunne   
decline from us till he come to  the    
equinoctial 7which time they call       
woodsere71 it will never grow           
againe4--,heydon1 ,def4 of ,astrology1  
#afjc4    ,woodsere1 #ec_/ae1 s4 ,by    
woodsere is meant decayed or hollow     
,pollards4--,t4,r42 but in his note to  
this passage he says1 ,woodsere is  the 

season of felling wood4--,t4,r4         
,woorser1 #aj_/cb1 ,worser1 #fc_/ae1    
adv4 worse1 a double comparative4 ,a4,s4
  wyrsa4    ,woorth1 #aac_/g1 s4 in     
worth  for what ,i am worth1 i4e4 as ,i 
can1  what ,i can get4    ,wot1 #id_/d1 
v4 pr4 t4 ye know not what1 an          
indefinite expression4    ,wote1        
#aj_/ba1 v4 pr4 t4 know4 ,a4,s4 witan2  
pt4 t4 ,ic wat1 ,i know4    ,wounder1   
#b_/b1 s4 wounder1 slayer4 ,a4,s4       
wundian1 to wound4    ,wrall1 #aja_/d1  
v4 pr4 t4 quarrel4    ,wraught1         
#aad_/ce1 pp4 supplied1 furnished4      
,wrauling1 #ib_/a1 s4 quarrelling4      
,wrecke1 #aae_/b1 v4 wreak1 vent4 ,a4,s4
 wrecan4    ,wrest1 #aa_/a1 v4 turn1    
force away4    ,wrest1 #aj_/fa1 v4 steal
 away1 plunder4    ,wresting1 #hi_/ac1  
s4 struggling for1 fighting for4        
,wright1 #fh_/a1 v4 write4    ,wringer1 
#b_/ac1 s4 extortioner4    ,write1      
#hf_/aj1 v4 imp4 mark1 write the name   
on4    ,wud1 #cc_/af1 s4 wood4 ,a4,s4   
wudu4    ,wull1 #ce_/ba1 s4 wool4 ,a4,s4

 wull4 ,gothic wulla4      ,y4    ,yarn1
 #ba_/ac1 v4 pr4 t4 earn4 ,a4,s4        
gearnian4    ,yeane1 #cc_/ba1 v4 bring  
forth young4 ,a4,s4 eanian4    ,yeerlie1
 #fc_/ba1 adv4 8  yarely1 readily4      
,a4,s4 gearu4 ,o4 ,l4 ,ger4  garu4      
,yerke1 #fd99_/i1 v4 kick1 wince4 ,they 
flirt1 they yerk1  they backward        
fling4--,drayton4 ,tire1 a kick1 yark1  
jerk1  jert4--,cotgrave4