,the ,ontario ,readers4 ,,third ,,reader4 ,,authorized ,,for ,,use ,,in ,,the ,,public ,,schools ,,of ,,ontario ,,by ,,the ,,minister ,,of ,,education4 ,,toronto3 ,,the ,w4 ,j4 ,,gage ,,company 7,,limited74 ,entered according to ,act of the ,parliament of ,canada in the ,office of the ,minister of ,agriculture by the ,minister of ,education for ,ontario1 in the year of our ,lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-five4 ,,preface4 ,the plan of the ,third ,reader is the same as that of the ,second1 with the exception that a few historical lessons have been introduced1 and two lessons which may serve as an introduction to ,physical ,science4 ,the botanical lessons supplement those given in the ,second ,reader4 ,these1 and the lessons on ,canadian trees1 and all lessons relating to things in nature1 should be made the subjects of conversation between the teacher and his class1 and should form a basis for scientific instruction4 ,the pupils should be led to study nature directly4 ,to this end they should be required to obtain 7wherever possible7 the natural objects which are described in the lessons1 and to examine them1 and to form opinions for themselves concerning them4 ,similarly1 every lesson should form the subject of conversation--before reading1 during the progress of the reading1 and after reading3--the teacher eliciting from his pupils clear statements of their knowledge of it1 correcting any wrong notions they may have of it1 throwing them back upon their own experience or reading1 and leading them to observe1 compare1 and judge1 and to state in words the results of their observations1 comparisons1 and judgments4 ,some of these statements should be written on the blackboard1 and then be made the subject of critical conversation2 others might be written by the pupils at their desks1 and afterwards be reviewed in class4 ,in this incidental teaching1 it should be the teacher's aim to develop the previous imperfect knowledge of the pupils concerning a lesson into a full and complete knowledge4 ,this can best be effected by judicious questioning and conversation4 ,the illustrations of the lessons1 as in the ,second ,reader1 are intended to aid the pupils in obtaining real conceptions of the ideas involved in the lessons4 ,children vary greatly in capacity for imagination4 ,it is essential1 however1 to the proper understanding of a lesson1 and hence to the proper reading of it1 that a child be able to imagine the persons1 actions1 objects1 described in it4 ,the illustrations will aid in developing this power of imagination1 and the teacher by his questions and appropriate criticisms1 and by a judicious use of his own greater knowledge and experience1 will aid still more in developing it4 ,in the poetry great care has been taken to select not only such pieces as children can easily comprehend1 but also such as are in themselves good literature4 ,many old favorites have been retained1 their worth as reading lessons having been proved with generations of school children4 ,in the reading of poetry the teacher must constantly assure himself that the pupils clearly understand what they read4 ,children have a natural ear for rhythm1 and a fondness for rhyme4 ,hence they easily learn to read verse being insensibly charmed by its melody4 ,but they cannot1 with equal facility1 comprehend the poetical meanings1 the terse expressions1 and the inverted constructions1 with which verse abounds4 ,much more time1 therefore1 should be spent by the teacher1 in poetry than in prose1 in eliciting from his pupils the meanings of words1 phrases1 and sentences4 ,he should not rest satisfied until the pupils can substitute for every more important word1 phrase1 and sentence of a poem1 an equivalent of their own finding4 ,he must be certain too that they understand the substitutions which they offer4 ,conversation and questioning will here1 as elsewhere in school work1 help him in effecting his purpose4 ,the exercises which are put at the end of some of the lessons are intended merely as examples of exercises which the teacher can himself prepare for all the lessons4 ,methods of using these have been described in the ,preface to the ,second ,reader4 ,in the ,word ,exercises1 many of the words have been re-spelled phonetically to indicate their pronunciation4 ,this too is merely an example of what may be done with all words4 ,pupils should be taught to pick out the silent letters in words1 and to indicate the true phonetic equivalents of the 8orthographical expedients10 as they are called1 by which vowel sounds are often indicated4 ,for example1 in neighbour1 g1 h1 and either o or u are silent1 and ei does duty for 2 so that the pronunciation of the word may be indicated by n'bor or n'bur4 ,it will be a useful exercise for the pupils sometimes to write out in this way1 on the blackboard1 the phonetic spelling of the irregularly spelled words which occur in their lessons1 alongside of their common spelling4 ,practice will soon give facility in doing this4 ,it is believed that by such practice the orthography of irregularly spelled words will be more easily remembered1 and accuracy of pronunciation more readily gained4 ,to aid in securing accuracy of pronunciation1 a short chapter on ,orthopy has been prefixed to the reading lessons4 ,the statements in it are to form a basis for lessons to be given by the teacher to the pupils in conversation4 ,orthopy is acquired only by constant attention to utterance4 ,carefulness in enunciation must first become a habit4 ,the correct pronunciation of individual words will then be gained by the imitation of those who speak correctly1 or reference to a dictionary4 ,it is true that in the pronunciation of many words1 authorities differ widely2 hence dogmatism in pronunciation is to be avoided4 ,notwithstanding this1 no one can hope to become a correct speaker without the careful study of a dictionary4 ,the teacher should see that the system of sound-marking adopted by the dictionary in use in his school1 is understood by his pupils1 so that they may consult it intelligently4 ,,contents4 7,the ,titles of the ,selections in ,poetry are printed in ,italics47 ,,number4 ,,title4 ,,author4 ,,page4 ,i4 ,,the ,,white ,,ship 7,illustrated7 ,dickens #aa ,,ii4 ,casabianca ,hemans1 ,mrs4 #af ,,iii4 ,,the ,,giraffe ,,or ,,camelopard 7,illus47 ,barnes' ,,iv4 #ah ,,iv4 ,the ,mountain and the ,squirrel ,emerson #bj ,v4 ,the ,pet ,lamb 7,illustrated7 ,wordsworth #ba ,,vi4 ,,the ,,camel 7,illustrated7 #bd ,,vii4 ,lucy ,gray 7,illustrated7 ,wordsworth #bg ,,viii4 ,,the ,,emperor ,,and ,,the ,,major 7,illus47 ,butler's ,,iv4 #cj ,,ix4 ,farmer ,john ,trowbridge #cc ,x4 ,,the ,,poor ,,little ,,match ,,girl ,andersen #cf ,,xi4 ,the ,sands ,o' ,dee 7,illustrated7 ,kingsley #ch ,,xii4 ,,the ,,rhinoceros 7,illustrated7 ,barnes' ,,iv4 #dj ,,xiii4 ,the ,old ,arm-,chair 7,illustrated7 ,cook1 ,eliza #dd ,,xiv4 ,abou ,ben ,adhem and the ,angel ,hunt #de ,,xv4 ,,prince ,,arthur ,dickens #df ,,xvi4 ,a ,wet ,sheet and a ,flowing ,sea ,cunningham #ea ,,xvii4 ,we are ,seven 7,illustrated7 ,wordsworth #eb ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,hippopotamus 7,illustrated7 ,battersea ,,iii4 #ee ,,xix4 ,a ,bright ,boy ,blackie #eh ,,xx4 ,after ,blenheim 7,illustrated7 ,southey #fj ,,xxi4 ,,the ,,black ,,douglas 7,illustrated7 ,battersea ,,iv4 #fc ,,xxii4 ,bruce and the ,spider 7,illustrated7 ,cook1 ,eliza #fh ,,xxiii4 ,,the ,,farmer ,,and ,,the ,,fox ,froude #ga ,,xxiv4 ,a ,canadian ,boat ,song ,moore #gc ,,xxv4 ,the ,wreck of the ,hesperus ,longfellow #gd ,,xxvi4 ,,holland 7,illustrated7 ,dodge1 ,mrs4 #gh ,,xxvii4 ,evening ,hymn ,keble #ha ,,xxviii4 ,psalm ,,xxiii4 #hb ,,xxix4 ,,the ,,heroic ,,serf 7,illustrated7 ,champneys #hb ,,xxx4 ,there's a ,good ,time ,coming ,mackay #hf ,,xxxi4 ,john ,brown ,mackay #hh ,,xxxii4 ,,the ,,otter 7,illustrated7 ,butler's ,,iv4 #ij ,,xxxiii4 ,the ,ivy ,green 7,illustrated7 ,dickens #ic ,,xxxiv4 ,the ,sea ,procter #id ,,xxxv4 ,ho6 ,breakers on the ,weather ,bow ,swain #if ,,xxxvi4 ,a ,,child',s ,,dream ,,of ,a ,,star ,dickens #ig ,,xxxvii4 ,hannah ,binding ,shoes 7,illustrated7 ,larcom1 ,lucy #aja ,,xxxviii4 ,jack in the ,pulpit 7,illustrated7 ,whittier #ajc ,,xxxix4 ,,the ,,beaver 7,illustrated7 ,barnes' ,,iii4 #ajf ,,xl4 ,the ,angel's ,whisper ,lover #aji ,,xli4 ,the ,rapid ,sangster #aaj ,,xlii4 ,a ,,narrow ,,escape 7,illustrated7 ,ill4 ,english ,,iv4 #aaa ,,xliii4 ,the ,fairies of ,caldon-,low 7,illus47 ,howitt1 ,mrs4 #aae ,,xliv4 ,,volcanoes 7,illustrated7 ,barnes' ,,iv4 #aai ,,xlv4 ,a ,small ,catechism ,mc,gee #abb ,,xlvi4 ,,curious ,,birds' ,,nests 7,illustrated7 ,butler's ,,iv4 #abc ,,xlvii4 ,lord ,ullin's ,daughter 7,illustrated7 ,campbell #abg ,,xlviii4 ,to ,an ,early ,primrose ,white #abi ,,xlix4 ,,the ,,whistle ,franklin #acj ,l4 ,bugle ,song 7,illustrated7 ,tennyson #acb ,,li4 ,the ,inchcape ,rock 7,illustrated7 ,southey #acc ,,lii4 ,,the ,,flax ,andersen #acf ,,liii4 ,the ,french at ,ratisbon 7,illustrated7 ,browning #ada ,,liv4 ,,egypt ,,and ,,its ,,ruins 7,illustrated7 #adc ,,lv4 ,to ,my ,mother ,white #adh ,,lvi4 ,zlobane ,gustafson1 ,mrs4 #adi ,,lvii4 ,,the ,,ruby-,,throated ,,humming-,,bird ,audubon #aeb ,,lviii4 ,trust in ,god and ,do the ,right ,macleod #aee ,,lix4 ,somebody's ,darling ,lacoste1 ,marie #aef ,,lx4 ,song from 8,the ,princess0 ,tennyson #aeg ,,lxi4 ,,ants ,,and ,,their ,,slaves ,michelet #aeh ,,lxii4 ,the ,gray ,swan 7,illustrated7 ,cary1 ,alice #afb ,,lxiii4 ,,the ,,capture ,,of ,a ,,whale ,cooper #afe ,,lxiv4 ,the ,village ,blacksmith 7,illustrated7 ,longfellow #aga ,,lxv4 ,,the ,,monster ,,of ,,the ,,nile ,baker #agc ,,lxvi4 ,prayer ,montgomery #agg ,,lxvii4 ,,the ,,thermometer ,ill4 ,english ,,iv4 #agi ,,lxviii4 ,,golden ,,deeds #ahb ,,lxix4 ,by ,cool ,siloam's ,shady ,rill ,heber #ahg ,,lxx4 ,,age ,,of ,,trees 7,illustrated7 ,butler's ,,iv4 #ahh ,,lxxi4 ,rock ,me to ,sleep ,allen1 ,mrs4 #aib ,,lxxii4 ,,heat3--,,conduction ,,and ,,radiation ,ill4 ,english ,,iv4 #aid ,,lxxiii4 ,when ,all ,thy ,mercies1 ,o my ,god ,addison #bjj ,,lxxiv4 ,,canadian ,,trees 7,first ,reading--,illustrated7 ,brown #bjb ,,lxxv4 ,bingen on the ,rhine ,norton1 ,hon4 ,mrs4 #bjg ,,lxxvi4 ,,canadian ,,trees 7,second ,reading7 ,brown #baj ,,lxxvii4 ,burial of ,sir ,john ,moore ,wolfe #bad ,,lxxviii4 ,,the ,,golden ,,touch 7,first ,reading--,illustrated7 ,hawthorne #baf ,,lxxix4 ,the ,road to the ,trenches 7,illustrated7 ,lushington #bba ,,lxxx4 ,,the ,,root ,figuier #bbc ,,lxxxi4 ,the ,waterfowl 7,illustrated7 ,bryant #bbg ,,lxxxii4 ,,shapes ,,of ,,leaves 7,first ,reading--,illustrated7 ,frankenstein #bbi ,,lxxxiii4 ,the ,brook 7,illustrated7 ,tennyson #bcc ,,lxxxiv4 ,,shapes ,,of ,,leaves 7,second ,reading--,illustrated7 ,frankenstein #bce ,,lxxxv4 ,the ,burial of ,moses ,alexander1 ,mrs4 #bdj ,,lxxxvi4 ,,the ,,golden ,,touch 7,second ,reading7 ,hawthorne #bdc ,,lxxxvii4 ,the ,may ,queen 7,first ,reading--,illustrated7 ,tennyson #bej ,,lxxxviii4 ,,the ,,flower #beb ,,lxxxix4 ,the ,may ,queen 7,second ,reading7 ,tennyson #bee ,,xc4 ,,the ,,fruit 7,illustrated7 ,frankenstein #beg ,,xci4 ,the ,may ,queen 7,third ,reading--,illustrated7 ,tennyson #bfa ,,xcii4 ,,the ,,golden ,,touch 7,third ,reading--,illustrated7 ,hawthorne #bfd ,,xciii4 ,john ,gilpin 7,illustrated7 ,cowper #bgb ,,index ,,of ,,authors4 ,,name4 ,,page4 ,addison1 ,joseph #bjj ,alexander1 ,cecil ,frances #bdj ,allen1 ,elizabeth ,akers #aib ,andersen1 ,hans ,christian #cf1 #acf ,audubon1 ,john ,james #aeb ,baker1 ,sir ,samuel ,white #agc ,blackie1 ,john ,stuart #eh ,brown1 ,james #bjb1 #baj ,browning1 ,robert #ada ,bryant1 ,william ,cullen #bbg ,campbell1 ,thomas #abg ,cary1 ,alice #afb ,cook1 ,eliza #dd1 #fh ,cooper1 ,james ,fenimore #afe ,cowper1 ,william #bgb ,cunningham1 ,allan #ea ,dickens1 ,charles #aa1 #df1 #ic1 #ig ,dodge1 ,mary ,mapes #gh ,emerson1 ,ralph ,waldo #bj ,figuier1 ,louis #bbc ,frankenstein1 ,gustavus #bbi1 #bce1 #beg ,franklin1 ,benjamin #acj ,froude1 ,james ,anthony #ga ,gustafson1 ,zadel ,barnes #adi ,hawthorne1 ,nathaniel #baf1 #bdc1 #bfd ,heber1 ,reginald #ahg ,hemans1 ,felicia ,dorothea #af ,howitt1 ,mary #aae ,hunt1 ,leigh #de ,keble1 ,john #ha ,kingsley1 ,charles #ch ,lacoste1 ,marie #aef ,larcom1 ,lucy #aja ,longfellow1 ,henry ,wadsworth #gd1 #aga ,lover1 ,samuel #aji ,lushington1 ,henry #bba ,mackay1 ,charles #hf1 #hh ,macleod1 ,norman #aee ,michelet1 ,jules #aeh ,montgomery1 ,james #agg ,moore1 ,thomas #gc ,mc,gee1 ,thomas ,d',arcy #abb ,norton1 ,hon4 ,caroline ,elizabeth ,sarah #bjg ,procter1 ,bryan ,waller 7,barry ,cornwall7 #id ,sangster1 ,charles #aaj ,southey1 ,robert #fj1 #acc ,swain1 ,charles #if ,tennyson1 ,alfred 7,lord ,tennyson7 #acb1 #aeg1 #bcc1 #bej1 #bee1 #bfa ,trowbridge1 ,john ,townsend #cc ,white1 ,henry ,kirke #abi1 #adh ,whittier1 ,john ,greenleaf #ajc ,wolfe1 ,charles #bad ,wordsworth1 ,william #ba1 #bg1 #eb ,,ortho,,py4 #a4 ,orthopy or ,correct ,pronunciation1 is the utterance of words with their right sounds and accents1 as sanctioned by the best usage4 ,it depends principally upon ,articulation1 ,syllabication1 and ,accentuation4 #b4 ,articulation is the distinct utterance of the elementary vowel and consonant sounds of the language1 whether separate1 or combined into syllables and words4 ,in pronouncing a word its elementary sounds should be correctly articulated4 #c4 ,the more common faults in articulation are3-- 7#a7 ,omitting a vowel sound1 or substituting one vowel sound for another1 in an unaccented syllable4 ,of all faults in pronunciation probably this is the commonest4 ,as a rule it results from carelessness in utterance4 ,examples of it are3--pronouncing--arithmetic1 'rithmetic2 library1 lb'ry2 literature1 lit'rature2 geography1 j'ography2 barrel1 barr'l2 below1 b'low2 family1 fam'ly2 violent1 vi'lent2 history1 hist'ry2 memory1 mem'ry2 regular1 reg'lar2 usual1 zh'al2 alwys1 alwz2 afford1 fford2 abundant1 abundnt2 eatable1 eatble2 ,america1 ,ameriky2 childrn1 childrin2 modst1 modst2 commandment1 commandmnt2 judgment1 judgmnt2 moment1 momnt2 kindness1 kindniss2 gospl1 gospil2 pockt1 pockit2 motion1 immotion2 charty1 charty2 opposte1 oppozt2 potat1 ptath2 patrit1 patrit2 bedience1 bedince2 accrte1 ak'er-t2 particlar1 partiklr4 7#b7 ,substituting one vowel sound for another in an accented syllable or a one-syllabled word4 ,this fault may result1 not from carelessness1 but from want of knowledge1 for the correct pronunciation of the vowel sounds of words must be learned from some correct speaker1 or from a dictionary4 ,examples of this fault are3--pronouncing--te1 t2 ctch1 ktch2 st1 st2 gther1 gther2 bde1 bde2 was1 wz2 father1 fther or fawther2 says 7sz71 sz2 get1 git2 kettle1 kttle2 deaf 7df71 deef2 creek1 crick2 rinse1 rnse2 bnnet1 bnnet2 bosom1 bzum2 frm1 frum2 just1 jst2 shut1 sht2 new 7n71 noo2 dty1 dooty2 redce1 redooce2 because1 bekz2 saucy1 sssy2 point1 pnt2 instead1 instd2 route1 7rt71 rout4 7#c7 ,omitting a consonant sound1 or substituting one consonant sound for another2 as in pronouncing--yeast1 'east2 ,february1 ,feb'uary2 and1 an'2 old1 l'2 acts1 ac's2 slept1 slep'2 depths1 dep's2 fields1 fiel's2 winds1 win's2 breadths1 bre'ths2 twelfth1 twel'th or twelf'2 asked 7askt71 as't2 mostly1 ms'ly2 swiftly1 swif'ly2 government1 gover'ment2 ,arctic1 ,ar'tic2 products1 produc's2 consists1 consis'2 commands1 comman's2 morning1 mornin2 strength1 strenth2 length1 lenth2 shrink1 srink2 shrill1 srill2 height1 hth2 ,asia 7,a'she-a71 ,a'zhe-a2 chimney1 chimbly2 covetous 7cv't-s71 cv'e-chs2 fortne1 forchin4 7#d7 ,introducing in the pronunciation of a word a sound that does not belong to it2 as in pronouncing--drown1 drownd2 drowned1 drownded2 often 7of'n71 often2 epistle1 7e-pisl71 e-pistel2 elm1 elum2 film1 filum2 height1 ht'th2 grievous1 grvi-us2 mischievous 7mischv-us71 mis-chvi-us2 column1 colyum2 once 7wns71 wnst2 across1 acrost4 7#e7 ,misusing the sound of r2 as in pronouncing--,maria1 ,mariar2 idea1 idear2 widow1 widder2 meadow1 medder2 farm1 far-r-m2 warm1 war-r-m2 war1 wa'2 door1 do-ah2 garden1 g'den2 card1 c'd2 warm1 w'm2 forth1 fo'th2 hundred1 hunderd2 children1 childern4 7#f7 ,misusing the aspirate 7h72 as in pronouncing--happy1 'appy2 apples1 happles2 whence1 wence2 which1 wich2 what1 wot2 whirl1 wirl4 #d4 ,syllabication 7in ,orthopy7 is the correct formation of syllables in pronouncing words4 ,a syllable is a sound1 or a combination of sounds1 uttered by a single impulse of the voice1 and constituting a word or a part of a word4 ,a word has as many syllables as it has separate vowel sounds4 ,when words are uttered so that their vowel sounds are clearly and correctly articulated1 they will be properly syllabified4 #e4 ,accentuation is the correct placing of accent in uttering words4 ,accent is a superior stress or force of voice upon certain syllables of words which distinguishes them from the other syllables4 ,in uttering a word of more than one syllable1 one of the syllables receives a greater stress in pronunciation than the others1 and is said to be accented1 or to have the accent4 ,some words have more than one syllable accented1 as confla-gration1 in-compre-hensi-bility2 but one syllable is always more strongly accented than the others1 and is said to have the main or primary accent4 ,accentuation1 like the other elements of orthopy1 is fixed by usage2 that is1 by the practice of those who are recognized as correct speakers4 #f4 ,in the pronunciation of a word care should be taken to give to the vowels their proper sounds1 to place the accent upon the right syllable1 and to sound the consonants distinctly4 ,the tendency to drop consonant sounds1 and to pronounce indistinctly or incorrectly the vowel sounds of unaccented syllables1 should be carefully guarded against4 ,the distinction between syllables should be carefully made1 and especially1 the distinction between separate words4 ,carelessness in this respect may make the meanings of sentences uncertain4 ,for example3 ,he saw two beggars steal1 may sound as1 ,he sought to beg or steal2 ,he had two small eggs1 may sound as1 ,he had two small legs2 and ,can there be an aim more lofty8 as1 ,can there be a name more lofty8 ,this blending of the sounds of words is prevented1 partly by distinctly uttering the sounds of their initial letters1 but chiefly by distinctly uttering and slightly dwelling upon the sounds of their final letters4 ,,third ,,reader4 ,i4--,,the ,,white ,,ship4 ,,charles ,,dickens4 ,king ,henry ,i4 went over to ,normandy with his son ,prince ,william and a great retinue1 to have the prince acknowledged as his successor1 and to contract a marriage between him and the daughter of the ,count of ,anjou4 ,both these things were triumphantly done1 with great show and rejoicing2 and on the #beth of ,november1 in the year #aabj1 the whole retinue prepared to embark1 for the voyage home4 ,on that day1 there came to the king1 ,fitz-,stephen1 a sea-captain1 and said1 8,my liege1 my father served your father all his life1 upon the sea4 ,he steered the ship with the golden boy upon the prow1 in which your father sailed to conquer ,england4 ,i have a fair vessel in the harbor here1 called ,the ,white ,ship1 manned by fifty sailors of renown4 ,i pray you1 ,sire1 to let your servant have the honor of steering you in ,the ,white ,ship to ,england40 8,i am sorry1 friend10 replied the king1 8that my ship is already chosen1 and that ,i cannot1 therefore1 sail with the son of the man who served my father4 ,but the prince and his company shall go along with you in the fair ,white ,ship1 manned by the fifty sailors of renown40 ,an hour or two afterward1 the king set sail in the vessel he had chosen1 accompanied by other vessels1 and1 sailing all night with a fair and gentle wind1 arrived upon the coast of ,england in the morning4 ,while it was yet night1 the people in some of these ships heard a faint1 wild cry come over the sea1 and wondered what it was4 ,illustration ,now1 the prince was a dissolute young man of eighteen1 who bore no love to the ,english1 and who had declared that when he came to the throne he would yoke them to the plough like oxen4 ,he went aboard ,the ,white ,ship with one hundred and forty youthful nobles like himself1 among whom were eighteen noble ladies of the highest rank4 ,all this gay company1 with their servants and the fifty sailors1 made three hundred souls aboard the fair ,white ,ship4 8,give three casks of wine1 ,fitz-,stephen10 said the prince1 8to the fifty sailors of renown4 ,my father the king has sailed out of the harbor4 ,what time is there to make merry here1 and yet reach ,england with the rest80 8,prince10 said ,fitz-,stephen1 8before morning my fifty and ,the ,white ,ship shall overtake the swiftest vessel in attendance on your father the king if we sail at midnight40 ,then the prince commanded to make merry2 and the sailors drank out the three casks of wine1 and the prince and all the noble company danced in the moonlight on the deck of ,the ,white ,ship4 ,when1 at last1 she shot out of the harbor1 there was not a sober seaman on board4 ,but the sails were all set and the oars all going merrily4 ,fitz-,stephen had the helm4 ,the gay young nobles and the beautiful ladies1 wrapped in mantles of various bright colors to protect them from the cold1 talked1 laughed1 and sang4 ,the prince encouraged the fifty sailors to row yet harder1 for the honor of ,the ,white ,ship4 ,crash6 ,a terrific cry broke from three hundred hearts4 ,it was the cry the people in the distant vessels of the king heard faintly on the water4 ,the ,white ,ship had struck upon a rock1--was filling1--going down6 ,fitz-,stephen hurried the prince into a boat with some few nobles4 8,push off10 he whispered1 8and row to the land4 ,it is not far1 and the sea is smooth4 ,the rest of us must die40 ,but as they rowed fast away from the sinking ship1 the prince heard the voice of his sister calling for help4 ,he never in his life had been so good as he was then4 ,he cried in agony1 8,row back at any risk6 ,i cannot bear to leave her60 ,they rowed back4 ,as the prince held out his arm to catch his sister1 such numbers leaped into the boat that it was overset4 ,and in the same instant ,the ,white ,ship went down4 ,only two men floated4 ,they both clung to the mainyard of the ship1 which had broken from the mast and now supported them4 ,one asked the other who he was4 ,he replied1 8,i am a nobleman1--,godfrey by name1 son of ,gilbert4 ,and you80--8,i am a poor butcher of ,rouen10 was the answer4 ,then they said together1 8,lord be merciful to us both60 and tried to encourage each other as they drifted in the cold1 benumbing sea on that unfortunate ,november night4 ,by and by another man came swimming toward them1 whom they knew1 when he pushed aside his long wet hair1 to be ,fitz-,stephen4 8,where is the prince80 said he4 8,gone1 gone60 the two cried together4 8,neither he1 nor his brother1 nor his sister1 nor the king's niece1 nor her brother1 nor any one of all the brave three hundred1 noble or commoner1 except us three1 has risen above the water60 ,fitz-,stephen1 with a ghastly face1 cried1 8,woe6 woe to me60 and sank to the bottom4 ,the other two clung to the yard for some hours4 ,at length the young noble said faintly1 8,i am exhausted1 and chilled with the cold1 and can hold no longer4 ,farewell1 good friend6 ,god preserve you60 ,so he dropped and sank2 and1 of all the brilliant crowd1 the poor butcher of ,rouen alone was saved4 ,in the morning some fishermen saw him floating in his sheep-skin coat1 and got him into their boat1--the sole relator of the dismal tale4 ,for three days no one dared to carry the intelligence to the king4 ,at length they sent into his presence a little boy1 who1 weeping bitterly and falling at his feet1 told him that ,the ,white ,ship was lost with all on board4 ,the king fell to the ground like a dead man1 and never1 never afterward was seen to smile4 ,word ,exercise4 liege 7lj7 niece 7ns7 ,gilbert en-courage 7en-kur-aj7 helm conquer 7kngker7 ,an-jou 7anjoo7 floated ex-hausted 7egz-awsted7 butcher ,godfrey ,rou-en 7rooen7 mantles disso-lte tri-umphant 7tri-umfant7 whisper common-er ago-ny wrapped ,no-vember com-manded ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,great retinue4--#b4 ,contract a marriage4--#c4 ,sailors of renown4--#d4 ,fair wind4--#e4 ,to make merry4--#f4 ,sails were set4--#g4 ,oars going merrily4--#h4 ,terrific cry4--#i4 ,encourage each other4--#aj4 ,benumbing sea4--#aa4 ,ghastly face4--#ab4 ,brilliant crowd4--#ac4 ,sole relator of the dismal tale4--#ad4 ,carry the intelligence4 99 99 99 99 99 ,howe'er it be1 it seems to me ',tis only noble to be good4 --,tennyson4 ,,ii4--,,casabianca4 ,,mrs4 ,,hemans4 ,casabianca1 a boy about thirteen years old1 son of the ,admiral of the ,french fleet1 remained at his post1 in the ,battle of the ,nile1 after his ship1 the 8,orient10 had caught fire1 and after all the guns had been abandoned4 ,he perished in the explosion of the vessel1 when the flames reached the powder magazine4 ,the boy stood on the burning deck1 ,whence all but he had fled2 ,the flame1 that lit the battle's wreck1 ,shone round him o'er the dead4 ,yet beautiful and bright he stood1 ,as born to rule the storm2 ,a creature of heroic blood1 ,a proud1 though childlike1 form4 ,the flames rolled on1--he would not go ,without his father's word2 ,that father1 faint in death below1 ,his voice no longer heard4 ,he called aloud3--8,say1 ,father1 say ,if yet my task is done60 ,he knew not that the chieftain lay ,unconscious of his son4 8,speak1 ,father60 once again he cried1 8,if ,i may yet be gone60 ,and but the booming shots replied1 ,and fast the flames rolled on4 ,upon his brow he felt their breath1 ,and in his waving hair1 ,and looked from that lone post of death ,in still1 yet brave1 despair2 ,and shouted but once more aloud1 8,my ,father6 must ,i stay80 ,while o'er him fast1 through sail and shroud1 ,the wreathing fires made way4 ,they wrapped the ship in splendor wild1 ,they caught the flag on high1 ,and streamed above the gallant child ,like banners in the sky4 ,there came a burst of thunder sound-- ,the boy--oh6 where was he8 ,ask of the winds that far around ,with fragments strewed the sea6-- ,with mast1 and helm1 and pennon fair1 ,that well had borne their part6-- ,but the noblest thing that perished there ,was that young faithful heart4 ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,battle's wreck4--#b4 ,to rule the storm4--#c4 ,a creature of heroic blood4--#d4 ,lay unconscious of his son4--#e4 ,booming shots4--#f4 ,lone post of death4--#g4 ,brave despair4--#h4 ,wreathing fires4--#i4 ,wrapped in wild splendor4--#aj4 ,gallant child4--#aa4 ,streamed like banners4--#ab4 ,fair pennon4--#ac4 ,noblest thing4--#ad4 ,faithful heart4 ,,iii4--,,the ,,giraffe ,,or ,,camelopard4 ,there are few sights more pleasing than a herd of tall1 graceful giraffes4 ,with their heads reaching a height of from twelve to eighteen feet1 they move about in small herds on the open plains of ,africa1 eating the tender twigs and leaves of the mimosa and other trees4 ,illustration ,the legs of a large giraffe are about nine feet long and its neck nearly six feet2 while its body measures only seven feet in length and slopes rapidly from the neck to the tail4 ,the graceful appearance of the giraffe is increased by the beauty of its skin1 which is orange red in color1 and mottled with dark spots4 ,its long tail has at the end a tuft of thick hair1 which serves the purpose of keeping off the flies and stinging insects1 so plentiful in the hot climate of ,africa4 ,its tongue is very wonderful4 ,it is from thirteen to seventeen inches in length1 is slender and pointed1 and is capable of being moved in so many ways1 that it is almost as useful to the giraffe as the trunk is to the elephant4 ,the horns of the giraffe are very short and covered with skin4 ,at the ends there are tufts of short hair4 ,the animal has divided hoofs somewhat resembling those of the ox4 ,the head of the giraffe is small1 and its eyes large and mild looking4 ,these eyes are set in such a way that the animal can see a great deal of what is behind it1 without turning its head4 ,in addition to its wonderful power of sight1 the giraffe can scent danger from a great distance2 so that there is no animal more difficult of approach4 ,strange to relate1 the giraffe has no voice4 ,in ,london1 some years ago1 two giraffes were burned to death in their stables1 when the slightest sound would have given notice of their danger1 and have saved their lives4 ,the giraffe is naturally both gentle and timid1 and he will always try to avoid danger by flight4 ,it is when running that he exposes his only ungraceful point4 ,he runs swiftly1 but since he moves his fore and hind legs on each side at the same time1 the movement gives him a very awkward gait4 ,but though timid1 he will1 when overtaken1 turn even upon the lion or panther1 and defend himself successfully by powerful kicks with his strong legs4 ,the natives of ,africa capture the giraffe in pitfalls1 which are deep holes covered over with branches of trees and dirt4 ,when captured1 the giraffe can be tamed1 and during its captivity it gives scarcely any trouble4 ,fifty years ago1 but little was known about the giraffe in ,america or ,europe4 ,now it is to be found in menageries and the public gardens of large cities4 ,the giraffe thrives in captivity and seems to be well satisfied with a diet of corn and hay4 ,it is a source of great satisfaction to those who admire this beautiful animal1 that there is nothing to prevent it from living in a climate so different from that of its ,african home4 ,,iv4--,,the ,,mountain ,,and ,,the ,,squirrel4 ,r4 ,w4 ,,emerson4 ,the mountain and the squirrel ,had a quarrel1 ,and the former called the latter 8,little ,prig40 ,bun replied3 8,you are doubtless very big1 ,but all sorts of things and weather ,must be taken in together ,to make up a year1 ,and a sphere3 ,and ,i think it no disgrace ,to occupy my place4 ,if ,i am not so large as you1 ,you are not so small as ,i1 ,and not half so spry3 ,i'll not deny you make ,a very pretty squirrel track4 ,talents differ2 all is well and wisely put2 ,if ,i cannot carry forests on my back1 ,neither can you crack a nut40 ,v4--,,the ,,pet ,,lamb4 ,,wordsworth4 ,illustration ,the dew was falling fast1 the stars began to blink2 ,i heard a voice2 it said1 8,drink1 pretty creature1 drink60 ,and1 looking o'er the hedge1 before me ,i espied ,a snow-white mountain lamb with a maiden at its side4 ,no other sheep were near1 the lamb was all alone1 ,and by a slender cord was tethered to a stone2 ,with one knee on the grass did the little maiden kneel1 ,while to that mountain lamb she gave its evening meal4 ,the lamb1 while from her hand he thus his supper took1 ,seemed to feast with head and ears1 and his tail with pleasure shook4 8,drink1 pretty creature1 drink10 she said in such a tone ,that ,i almost received her heart into my own4 ',twas little ,barbara ,lewthwaite1 a child of beauty rare6 ,i watched them with delight1 they were a lovely pair4 ,now with her empty can the maiden turned away2 ,but ere ten yards were gone her footsteps did she stay4 ,towards the lamb she looked2 and from that shady place ,i unobserved could see the workings of her face3 ,if ,nature to her tongue could measured numbers bring1 ,thus1 thought ,i1 to her lamb that little maid might sing3-- 8,what ails thee1 young one8 ,what8 ,why pull so at thy cord8 ,is it not well with thee8 ,well both for bed and board8 ,thy plot of grass is soft1 and green as grass can be2 ,rest1 little young one1 rest2 what is't that aileth thee8 8,what is it thou wouldst seek8 ,what is wanting to thy heart8 ,thy limbs are they not strong8 ,and beautiful thou art4 ,this grass is tender grass2 these flowers they have no peers2 ,and that green corn all day is rustling in thy ears6 8,if the sun be shining hot1 do but stretch thy woollen chain1 ,this beech is standing by1 its covert thou canst gain2 ,for rain and mountain storms1 the like thou need'st not fear-- ,the rain and storm are things that scarcely can come here4 8,rest1 little young one1 rest2 thou hast forgot the day ,when my father found thee first in places far away2 ,many flocks were on the hills1 but thou wert owned by none1 ,and thy mother from thy side for evermore was gone4 8,he took thee in his arms1 and in pity brought thee home3 ,a blessed day for thee6 then whither wouldst thou roam8 ,a faithful nurse thou hast2 the dam that did thee yean ,upon the mountain-tops no kinder could have been4 8,thou know'st that twice a day ,i have brought thee in this can ,fresh water from the brook1 as clear as ever ran2 ,and twice in the day1 when the ground is wet with dew1 ,i bring thee draughts of milk1--warm milk it is1 and new4 8,thy limbs will shortly be twice as stout as they are now2 ,then ,i'll yoke thee to my cart1 like a pony in the plough3 ,my playmate thou shalt be2 and when the wind is cold1 ,our hearth shall be thy bed1 our house shall be thy fold4 8,it will not1 will not rest6--,poor creature1 can it be ,that 'tis thy mother's heart which is working so in thee8 ,things that ,i know not of belike to thee are dear1 ,and dreams of things which thou canst neither see nor hear4 8,alas1 the mountain-tops that look so green and fair6 ,i've heard of fearful winds and darkness that come there2 ,the little brooks that seem all pastime and all play1 ,when they are angry1 roar like lions for their prey4 8,here thou need'st not dread the raven in the sky2 ,night and day thou art safe1--our cottage is hard by4 ,why bleat so after me8 ,why pull so at thy chain8 ,sleep1--and at break of day ,i will come to thee again60 ,as homeward through the lane ,i went with lazy feet1 ,this song unto myself did ,i oftentimes repeat2 ,and it seemed1 as ,i retraced the ballad line by line1 ,that but half of it was hers1 and one-half of it was mine4 ,again1 and once again1 did ,i repeat the song2 8,nay10 said ,i1 8more than half to the damsel must belong2 ,for she looked with such a look1 and she spake with such a tone1 ,that ,i almost received her heart into my own40 ,word ,exercise4 ballad covert 7kvert7 draught 7draft7 ,barba-ra woollen ,lew-thwaite ,,vi4--,,the ,,camel4 ,in ,asia and in ,africa there are vast plains of sand1 upon which no grass grows1 and through which no river runs4 ,these plains are as smooth as the ocean unmoved by waves4 ,as far as the eye can reach1 nothing is to be seen but sand4 ,in the middle of the day when the sun is hottest1 the sand dazzles the eyes of the traveller1 as if there were a sun beneath the sand as well as one above4 ,here and there1 but many miles apart1 are green spots consisting of bushes1 trees1 and grass1 growing around a small pool or spring of water4 ,these green spots are called oases4 ,here the tired traveller can find food and shade1 and can sleep awhile1 sheltered from the blazing sun4 ,how do you think the traveller crosses these burning plains8 ,not in carriages1 nor on horseback1 nor in railroad trains1 but on the backs of tall1 long-necked1 humpbacked camels4 ,even if you have seen camels alive1 or pictures of them1 you will still be glad to learn more about these very useful animals4 ,the camel lives on grass1 and the dry short herbage1 which is found on the edges of the desert4 ,while travelling in the desert1 it is fed upon dates and barley4 ,it is able to eat a great deal of food at a time and to drink enough water to last some days4 ,by this means1 it can go for a long time without food1 and travel long distances without stopping to eat or drink4 ,the camel has a curious lump of fat on the top of its back called a 8hump40 ,one kind of camel has two humps4 ,one purpose of these humps1 is to supply the camel with strength1 when it has neither food nor water1 and would otherwise die from want4 ,the foot of the camel is a wonderful thing4 ,it is broad1 and has a soft pad at the bottom1 which keeps it from sinking in the yielding sand1 when the camel crosses the arid deserts4 ,illustration ,the camel with two humps on its back is much larger and stronger than the camel with one hump4 ,the one-humped camel is known as the ,arabian camel or dromedary4 ,asia is the home of the camel1 but numbers of them are used in ,africa and other parts of the world4 ,the camel is trained to kneel down to receive its load1 and to let its master get on its back4 ,the camel can smell water at a great distance4 ,when its rider is nearly dead from thirst1 and water is near1 he can tell it by the greater speed at which the camel begins to travel4 ,the camel is often called the 8ship of the desert40 ,as the desert is like a sea1 and the green spots upon it like islands1 so is the camel like a ship1 that can carry the traveller from one point to another1 quickly and safely4 ,but even with his faithful camel1 the traveller does not care to cross the desert alone4 ,the difficulties of keeping in the right track1 and the fear of wild ,arabs1 make it much safer for a number of travellers to cross the desert together4 ,travellers take with them camel-drivers and men who know the way1 to look after the beasts when they stop for the night4 ,these men light the fires1 cook the food1 and fill the large skin-bottles with water when they come to a spring4 ,the travellers1 camels1 and camel-drivers1 together1 form what is called a caravan4 ,word ,exercise4 arid dazzles island 7land7 dsert 7dz-7 oases 7a-sz7 carriage 7krrij7 diffi-cult herbage ,a-rabi-an cara-van 7or1 car-a-van7 picture 7pktyr7 sheltered dromedary 7drme-da-re7 travel-ler ,,vii4--,,lucy ,,gray4 ,,wordsworth4 ,illustration ,oft ,i had heard of ,lucy ,gray2 ,and1 when ,i crossed the wild1 ,i chanced to see at break of day ,the solitary child4 ,no mate1 no comrade ,lucy knew2 ,she dwelt on a wide moor1-- ,the sweetest thing that ever grew ,beside a human door6 ,you yet may spy the fawn at play1 ,the hare upon the green2 ,but the sweet face of ,lucy ,gray ,will never more be seen4 8,to-night will be a stormy night-- ,you to the town must go2 ,and take a lantern1 child1 to light ,your mother through the snow40 8,that1 father1 will ,i gladly do2 ',tis scarcely afternoon1-- ,the minster-clock has just struck two1 ,and yonder is the moon40 ,at this the father raised his hook ,and snapped a fagot-band2 ,he plied his work2--and ,lucy took ,the lantern in her hand4 ,not blither is the mountain roe3 ,with many a wanton stroke ,her feet disperse the powdery snow1 ,that rises up like smoke4 ,the storm came on before its time2 ,she wandered up and down2 ,and many a hill did ,lucy climb1 ,but never reached the town4 ,the wretched parents1 all that night1 ,went shouting far and wide2 ,but there was neither sound nor sight ,to serve them for a guide4 ,at daybreak on a hill they stood ,that overlooked the moor2 ,and thence they saw the bridge of wood ,a furlong from their door4 ,they wept1 and1 turning homeward1 cried1 8,in heaven we all shall meet60 ,when in the snow the mother spied ,the print of ,lucy's feet4 ,then downward from the steep hill's edge ,they tracked the footmarks small2 ,and through the broken hawthorn hedge1 ,and by the long stone wall2 ,and then an open field they crossed2 ,the marks were still the same2 ,they tracked them on1 nor ever lost1 ,and to the bridge they came4 ,they followed from the snowy bank ,those footmarks1 one by one1 ,into the middle of the plank2 ,and further there were none6 ,yet some maintain that to this day ,she is a living child2 ,that you may see sweet ,lucy ,gray ,upon the lonesome wild4 ,o'er rough and smooth she trips along1 ,and never looks behind2 ,and sings a solitary song ,that whistles in the wind4 ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,crossed the wild4--#b4 ,solitary child4--#c4 ,sweetest thing4--#d4 ,minster clock4--#e4 ,snapped a fagot-band4--#f4 ,plied his work4--#g4 ,not blither is the mountain roe4--#h4 ,wanton stroke4--#i4 ,disperse the powdery snow4--#aj4 ,wretched parents4--#aa4 ,sound nor sight4--#ab4 ,spied the print4--#ac4 ,tracked them on4--#ad4 ,lonesome wild4--#ae4 ,trips along4--#af4 ,solitary song4 ,,viii4--,,the ,,emperor ,,and ,,the ,,major4 ,the ,emperor ,alexander1 while travelling in ,western ,russia1 came one day to a small town of which he knew very little2 so1 when he found that he must change horses1 he thought that he would look around and see what the town was like4 ,illustration ,alone1 habited in a plain military coat1 without any mark of his high rank1 he wandered through the place until he came to the end of the road that he had been following4 ,there he paused1 not knowing which way to turn2 for two paths were before him1--one to the right and one to the left4 ,alexander saw a man standing at the door of a house2 and1 going up to him1 the ,emperor said1 8,my friend1 can you tell me which of these two roads ,i must take to get to ,kalouga80 ,the man1 who was in full military dress1 was smoking a pipe with an air of dignity almost ridiculous4 ,astonished that so plain-looking a traveller should dare to speak to him with familiarity1 the smoker answered shortly1 8,to the right40 8,pardon60 said the ,emperor4 8,another word1 if you please40--8,what80 was the haughty reply4--8,permit me to ask you a question10 continued the ,emperor4 8,what is your grade in the army80--8,guess40 ,and the pipe blazed away furiously4--8,lieutenant80 said the amused ,alexander4--8,up60 came proudly from the smoker's lips4--8,captain80--8,higher40--8,major8 0--8,at last60 was the lofty response4 ,the ,emperor bowed low in the presence of such greatness4 8,now1 in my turn10 said the major1 with the grand air that he thought fit to assume in addressing a humble inferior1 8what are you1 if you please80--8,guess10 answered ,alexander4--8,lieutenant80--8,up60--8,c aptain80--8,higher40--8,major80--8,go on40--8,colonel80--8,again40 ,the smoker took his pipe from his mouth3 8,your ,excellency is1 then1 ,general80 ,the grand air was fast disappearing4--8,you are coming near it40--,the major put his hand to his cap3 8,then your ,highness is ,field-,marshal80 ,by this time the grand air had taken flight1 and the officer1 so pompous a moment before1 looked as if the steady gaze and the quiet voice of the traveller had reduced him to the last stage of fear4--8,once more1 my good major10 said ,alexander4--8,his ,imperial ,majesty80 exclaimed the man1 in surprise and terror1 letting his pipe drop from his trembling fingers4--8,his very self10 answered the ,emperor2 and he smiled at the wonderful change in the major's face and manner4 8,ah1 ,sire1 pardon me60 cried the officer1 falling on his knees1--8pardon me60--8,and what is there to pardon80 said ,alexander1 with real1 simple dignity4 8,my friend1 you have done me no harm4 ,i asked you which road ,i should take1 and you told me4 ,thanks60 ,but the major never forgot the lesson4 ,if1 in later years1 he was tempted to be rude or haughty to his so-called inferiors1 there rose at once in his mind a picture of a well-remembered scene1 in which his pride of power had brought such shame upon him4 ,two soldiers in a quiet country-town made but an every-day picture1 after all2 but what a difference there had been between the pompous manner of the petty officer and the natural1 courteous dignity of the ,emperor of all the ,russias6 ,word ,exercise4 haughty 7hawte7 ,majes-ty ,colonel 7kurnel7 ,lieu-tenant 7lu-tenant7 ,ka-louga 7k-loog7 ,emper-or ,im-peri-al ,excel-len-cy ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,habited in a plain military coat4--#b4 ,air of dignity4--#c4 ,speak with familiarity4--#d4 ,answered shortly4--#e4 ,haughty reply4--#f4 ,lofty response4--#g4 ,steady gaze4--#h4 ,exclaimed in surprise4--#i4 ,simple dignity4--#aj4 ,pompous manner4--#aa4 ,petty officer4--#ab4 ,natural dignity4 ,,ix4--,,farmer ,,john4 ,j4 ,t4 ,,trowbridge4 ,home from his journey1 ,farmer ,john ,arrived this morning safe and sound2 ,his black coat off1 and his old clothes on1 8,now ,i'm myself10 said ,farmer ,john2 ,and he thinks1 8,i'll look around40 ,up leaps the dog3 8,get down1 you pup6 ,are you so glad you would eat me up80 ,the old cow lows at the gate to greet him2 ,the horses prick up their ears to meet him4 8,well1 well1 old ,bay6 ,ha1 ha1 old ,gray6 ,do you get good feed when ,i'm away8 8,you haven't a rib10 says ,farmer ,john2 8,the cattle are looking round and sleek2 ,the colt is going to be a roan1 ,and a beauty1 too2 how he has grown6 ,we'll wean the calf in a week40 ,says ,farmer ,john1 8,when ,i've been off1 ,to call you again about the trough1 ,and water you and pet you while you drink1 ,is a greater comfort than you can think60 ,and he pats old ,bay ,and he slaps old ,gray2 8,ah6 this is the comfort of going away4 8,for after all10 says ,farmer ,john1 8,the best of a journey is getting home3 ,i've seen great sights1 but ,i would not give ,this spot1 and the peaceful life ,i live1 ,for all their ,paris and ,rome2 ,these hills for the city's stifled air1 ,and big hotels and bustle and glare2-- ,land all houses and roads all stones1 ,that deafen your ears and batter your bones6 ,would you1 old ,bay8 ,would you1 old ,gray8 ,that's what one gets by going away4 8,there ,money is king10 says ,farmer ,john1 8,and ,fashion is queen2 and it's very queer ,to see how sometimes1 while the man ,is raking and scraping all he can1 ,the wife spends1 every year1 ,enough1 you would think1 for a score of wives1 ,to keep them in luxury all their lives6 ,the town is a perfect ,babylon ,to a quiet chap10 says ,farmer ,john4 8,you see1 old ,bay1 ,you see1 old ,gray1 ,i'm wiser than when ,i went away4 8,i've found out this10 says ,farmer ,john1 8,that happiness is not bought and sold1 ,and clutched in a life of waste and hurry1 ,in nights of pleasure and days of worry1 ,and wealth isn't all in gold1 ,mortgage and stocks1 and ten per cent41 ,but in simple ways and sweet content1 ,few wants1 pure hopes1 and noble ends1 ,some land to till1 and a few good friends1 ,like you1 old ,bay1 ,and you1 old ,gray1-- ,that's what ,i've learned by going away40 ,and a happy man is ,farmer ,john1-- ,o a rich and happy man is he6 ,he sees the peas and pumpkins growing1 ,the corn in tassel1 the buckwheat blowing1 ,and fruit on vine and tree2 ,the large kind oxen look their thanks1 ,as he rubs their foreheads and strokes their flanks2 ,the doves light round him1 and strut and coo2 ,says ,farmer ,john1 8,i'll take you1 too1-- ,and you1 old ,bay1 ,and you1 old ,gray1 ,next time ,i travel so far away40 ,word ,exercise4 trough 7trawf7 luxury 7lkshu-re7 mortgage 7morgaj7 foreheads 7freds7 clutched journey 7jr-7 ,baby-lon hppi-nss ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,arrived safe and sound4--#b4 ,stifled air4--#c4 ,bustle and glare4--#d4 ,money is king4--#e4 ,fashion is queen4--#f4 ,raking and scraping4--#g4 ,days of worry4--#h4 ,simple ways4--#i4 ,sweet content4--#aj4 ,sees the corn in tassel4--#aa4 ,buckwheat blowing4--#ab4 ,look their thanks4--#ac4 ,the doves light round him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is nothing so kingly as kindness1 ,and nothing so royal as truth4 --,alice ,cary4 ,x4--,,the ,,poor ,,little ,,match ,,girl4 ,,hans ,,christian ,,andersen4 ,it was ,new ,year's ,eve1 and a cold1 snowy evening4 ,on this night1 a poor little girl walked along the street with naked feet1 benumbed with cold1 and carrying in her hand a bundle of matches1 which she had been trying all day to sell1 but in vain2 no one had given her a single penny4 ,the snow fell fast upon her pretty yellow hair and her bare neck2 but she did not mind that4 ,she looked wistfully at the bright lights which shone from every window as she passed along2 she could smell the nice roast goose1 and she longed to taste it3 it was ,new ,year's ,eve6 ,wearied and faint she laid herself down in a corner of the street1 and drew her little legs under her to keep herself warm4 ,she could not go home1 for her father would scold her for not having sold any matches2 and1 even if she were there1 she would still be cold1 for the house was but poorly protected1 and the wind whistled through many a chink in the roof and walls4 ,she thought she would try and warm her cold fingers by lighting one of the matches2 she drew one out1 struck it against the wall1 and immediately a bright1 clear flame streamed from it1 like a little candle4 ,the little girl looked at the flame1 and she saw before her a beautiful brass stove with a nice warm fire in it6 ,she stretched out her feet to warm them1--when1 lo1 the match went out2 in a moment the stove and fire vanished2 she sat again in the cold night1 with the burnt match in her hand4 ,she struck another2 the flame blazed on the opposite wall1 and she saw through it into a room where a table was laid out with handsome dishes1--roast goose1 and other nice things were there1--and1 what was still more extraordinary1 she saw the goose jump from the dish1 knife1 and fork1 and all1 and come running towards her4 ,but again the match went out2 and nothing but the dark wall and the cold street were to be seen4 ,the little girl drew another match2 and1 as soon as it struck a light1 she saw a most beautiful ,christmas tree1 much larger and more splendid than any she had ever seen before4 ,a vast number of lighted candles hung among the branches2 and a multitude of pretty variegated pictures1 like those in the shops1 met her eyes4 ,the girl lifted up her little hands in rapture at the sight2 but again the match fell2 and in the same moment one of the blazing candles shot through the sky1 like a falling star1 and fell at her feet4 8,now some one dies10 cried she2 for she had been told by her good old grandmother1 that when a star falls1 a soul returns to ,god4 ,again she struck2 and1 behold1 a bright light shone round about her1 and in the midst of it stood her kind grandmother1 looking calmly and smilingly upon her4 8,dear grandmother10 said she1 8take me1 oh take me6 ,you will be gone from me when the match goes out1 like the bright stove1 the nice supper1 and the ,christmas tree20 and saying this1 she struck all the rest of the matches at once1 which made a light round her almost like day4 ,and now the good grandmother smiled still more sweetly upon her2 she lifted her up in her arms1 and they soared together1 far1 far away2 where there was no longer any cold1 or hunger1 or pain1--they were in ,paradise6 ,but the poor little match-girl was still in the corner of the street1 in the cold ,new ,year's morning4 ,she was frozen to death1 and a bundle of burnt matches lay beside her4 ,people said1 8,she has been trying to warm herself1 poor thing60 ,but ah1 they knew not what glorious things she had seen2 they knew not into what joys she had entered--nor how happy she was on this festival of the ,new ,year6 ,word ,exercise4 calmly 7km-le7 festi-val vanished 7vanisht7 vri-e-gt-ed ,para-dise grandmother oppo-site 7oppo-zt7 handsome 7hansum7 ,christmas 7krsmas7 extraordinary 7eks-trord-na-re7 ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,benumbed with cold4--#b4 ,she did not mind that4--#c4 ,looked wistfully4--#d4 ,wearied and faint4--#e4 ,poorly protected4--#f4 ,a clear flame streamed from it4--#g4 ,a table was laid out4--#h4 ,in rapture at the sight4--#i4 ,soared far away4--#aj4 ,glorious things4 ,,xi4--,,the ,,sands ,o' ,,dee4 ,,charles ,,kingsley4 8,o ,mary1 go and call the cattle home1 ,and call the cattle home1 ,and call the cattle home1 ,across the sands o' ,dee40 ,the western wind was wild and dank with foam1 ,and all alone went she4 ,the creeping tide came up along the sand1 ,and o'er and o'er the sand1 ,and round and round the sand1 ,as far as eye could see2 ,the blinding mist came down and hid the land-- ,and never home came she4 8,oh1 is it weed1 or fish1 or floating hair-- ,a tress o' golden hair1 ,o' drowned maiden's hair1 ,above the nets at sea8 ,was never salmon yet that shone so fair1 ,among the stakes on ,dee40 ,they rowed her in across the rolling foam1 ,the cruel1 crawling foam1 ,the cruel1 hungry foam1 ,to her grave beside the sea2 ,but still the boatmen hear her call the cattle home1 ,across the sands o' ,dee4 ,illustration ,,xii4--,,the ,,rhinoceros4 ,next to the mighty elephant1 the rhinoceros is the largest and strongest of animals4 ,there are several species of the rhinoceros1 some of which are found in ,asia1 and others in different parts of ,africa4 ,in the latter country there are four varieties1--the black rhinoceros1 having a single horn2 a black species1 having two horns2 the long-horned white rhinoceros2 and the common white species1 which has a short1 stubby horn4 ,the largest of the ,african species is the long-horned1 white1 or square-nosed rhinoceros4 ,when full grown1 it sometimes measures eighteen feet in length1 and about as many feet around the body4 ,its horn frequently grows to the length of thirty inches4 ,the black rhinoceros1 although much smaller than the white1 and seldom having a horn over eighteen inches long1 is far more ferocious than the white species1 and possesses a wonderful degree of strength4 ,the form of the rhinoceros is clumsy1 and its appearance dull and heavy4 ,the limbs are thick and powerful1 and each foot has three toes1 which are covered with broad1 hoof-like nails4 ,the tail is small2 the head very long and large4 ,taken altogether1 there are few--if any--animals that compare with the rhinoceros in ugliness4 ,the eyes are set in such a manner that the animal can not see anything exactly in front of it2 but the senses of hearing and smelling are so keen that sight is not required to detect an enemy1 whether it be man or beast4 ,the skin of the ,african rhinoceros is smooth1 and has only a few scattering hairs here and there4 ,it is1 however1 very thick and tough1 and can resist the force of a rifle-ball except when it is fired from a very short distance4 ,the largest known species of the rhinoceros is found in ,asia4 ,it lives chiefly in the marshy jungles1 and on the banks of lakes and rivers1 in ,india4 ,some of this species are over five feet in height1 and have horns three feet in length and eighteen inches around the base4 ,unlike that of the ,african rhinoceros1 the skin of the ,asiatic species is not smooth1 but lies in thick folds upon the body1 forming flaps which can be lifted with the hand4 ,the food of the rhinoceros consists of roots1 and the young branches and leaves of trees and shrubs4 ,it ploughs up the roots with the aid of its horn1 and gathers the branches and leaves with its upper lip1 which is long and pointed1 and with it rolls its food together before placing it in its mouth4 ,the flesh of the rhinoceros is good to eat2 and its strong1 thick skin is made by the natives into shields1 whips1 and other articles4 ,though clumsy1 and apparently very stupid1 the rhinoceros is a very active animal when attacked or otherwise alarmed4 ,it is very fierce and savage1--so much so1 that the natives dread it more than they do the lion4 ,in hunting the rhinoceros1 it is dangerous for a man to fire at one1 unless he is mounted upon a swift horse1 and can easily reach some place of safety4 ,when attacking an enemy1 the rhinoceros lowers its head and rushes forward like an angry bull4 ,though it may not see the object of its attack1 its sense of smell is so acute that it knows when the enemy is reached4 ,then begins a furious tossing of the head1 and if its powerful horn strikes the foe1 a terrible wound is the result4 ,when wounded itself1 the rhinoceros loses all sense of fear1 and charges again and again1 with such desperate fury1 that the enemy is almost always overcome4 ,illustration ,a famous traveller in ,south ,africa relates the following incident that happened during one of his hunting excursions3 8,having proceeded about two miles1 ,i came upon a black rhinoceros1 feeding within fifty yards of me4 ,i fired from my saddle1 and sent a bullet in behind his shoulder1 upon which he rushed forward1 blowing like a grampus1 and then stood looking about him4 ,presently he started off1 and ,i followed4 ,i expected that he would come to bay1 but it seems a rhinoceros never does that1--a fact ,i did not know at that time4 ,suddenly he fell flat upon the ground2 but soon recovering his feet1 he resumed his course as if nothing had happened4 8,i spurred on my horse1 dashed ahead1 and rode right in his path4 ,upon this1 the hideous monster charged me in the most resolute manner1 blowing loudly through his nostrils4 ,although ,i quickly turned about1 he followed me at such a furious pace for several hundred yards1 with his horrid1 horny snout within a few yards of my horse's tail1 that ,i thought my destruction was certain4 ,the animal1 however1 suddenly turned and ran in another direction4 ,i had now become so excited with the incident1 that ,i determined to give him one more shot any way4 ,nerving my horse again1 ,i made another dash after the rhinoceros1 and coming up pretty close to him1 ,i again fired1 though with little effect1 the ball striking some thick portion of the skin and doing no harm4 ,not caring to run the chance of the huge brute again charging me1 and believing that my rifle-ball was not powerful enough to kill him1 ,i determined to give up the pursuit1 and accordingly let him run off while ,i returned to the camp40 ,,xiii4--,,the ,,old ,,arm-,,chair4 ,,eliza ,,cook4 ,i love it1 ,i love it1 and who shall dare ,to chide me for loving that old arm-chair8 ,i've treasured it long as a sainted prize1 ,i've bedewed it with tears1 and embalmed it with sighs2 ',tis bound by a thousand bands to my heart2 ,not a tie will break1 not a link will start4 ,would you learn the spell8--a mother sat there1 ,and a sacred thing is that old arm-chair4 ,in childhood's hour ,i lingered near ,the hallowed seat with listening ear2 ,and gentle words that mother would give1 ,to fit me to die and teach me to live4 ,she told me shame would never betide1 ,with truth for my creed and ,god for my guide2 ,she taught me to lisp my earliest prayer1 ,as ,i knelt beside that old arm-chair4 ,i sat and watched her many a day1 ,when her eyes grew dim1 and her locks were gray2 ,and ,i almost worshipped her when she smiled ,and turned from her ,bible to bless her child4 ,years rolled on1 but the last one sped-- ,my idol was shattered1 my earth-star fled2 ,i learned how much the heart can bear1 ,when ,i saw her die in that old arm-chair4 ',tis past6 'tis past6 but ,i gaze on it now ,with quivering breath and throbbing brow3 ',twas there she nursed me1 'twas there she died2 ,and memory flows with lava tide4 ,say it is folly1 and deem me weak1 ,while the scalding drops start down my cheek2 ,but ,i love it1 ,i love it1 and cannot tear ,my soul from a mother's old arm-chair4 ,,xiv4--,,abou ,,ben ,,adhem ,,and ,,the ,,angel4 ,,leigh ,,hunt4 ,abou ,ben ,adhem 7may his tribe increase67 ,awoke one night from a deep dream of peace1 ,and saw1 within the moonlight in his room1 ,making it rich1 and like a lily in bloom1 ,an angel1 writing in a book of gold3-- ,exceeding peace had made ,ben ,adhem bold1 ,and to the presence in the room he said1 8,what writest thou80--,the vision raised its head1 ,and1 with a look made of all sweet accord1 ,answered1 8,the names of those who love the ,lord40 8,and is mine one80 said ,abou4 8,nay1 not so10 ,replied the ,angel4 ,abou spake more low1 ,but cheerily still2 and said1 8,i pray thee1 then1 ,write me as one that loves his fellow-men40 ,the angel wrote and vanished4 ,the next night ,it came again with a great wakening light1 ,and showed the names whom love of ,god had blest1 ,and lo6 ,ben ,adhem's name led all the rest4 ,,xv4--,,prince ,,arthur4 ,,dickens4 ,at two-and-thirty years of age1 in the year #aaii1 ,john became king of ,england4 ,his pretty little nephew1 ,arthur1 had the best claim to the throne2 but ,john seized the treasure1 and made fine promises to the nobility1 and got himself crowned at ,westminster within a few weeks after his brother ,richard's death4 ,i doubt whether the crown could possibly have been put upon the head of a meaner coward1 or a more detestable villain1 if the country had been searched from end to end to find him out4 ,the ,french king1 ,philip1 refused to acknowledge the right of ,john to his new dignity1 and declared in favor of ,arthur4 ,you must not suppose that he had any generosity of feeling for the fatherless boy2 it merely suited his ambitious schemes to oppose the king of ,england4 ,so ,john and the ,french king went to war about ,arthur4 ,he was a handsome boy1 at that time only twelve years old4 ,he was not born when his father1 ,geoffrey1 had his brains trampled out at the tournament2 and1 besides the misfortune of never having known a father's guidance and protection1 he had the additional misfortune to have a foolish mother 7,constance by name71 lately married to her third husband4 ,she took ,arthur1 upon ,john's accession1 to the ,french king1 who pretended to be very much his friend1 and made him a knight1 and promised him his daughter in marriage2 but who cared so little about him in reality1 that1 finding it his interest to make peace with ,king ,john for a time1 he did so without the least consideration for the poor little prince1 and heartlessly sacrificed all his interests4 ,young ,arthur1 for two years afterwards1 lived quietly1 and in the course of that time his mother died4 ,but the ,french king1 then finding it his interest to quarrel with ,king ,john again1 made ,arthur his pretence1 and invited the orphan boy to court4 8,you know your rights1 prince10 said the ,french king1 8and you would like to be a king4 ,is it not so80 8,truly10 said ,prince ,arthur1 8,i should greatly like to be a king60 8,then10 said ,philip1 8you shall have two hundred gentlemen who are knights of mine1 and with them you shall go to win back the provinces belonging to you1 of which your uncle1 the usurping king of ,england1 has taken possession4 ,i myself1 meanwhile1 will head a force against him in ,normandy40 ,prince ,arthur went to attack the town of ,mirebeau1 because his grandmother1 ,eleanor1 was living there1 and because his knights said1 8,prince1 if you can take her prisoner1 you will be able to bring the king your uncle to terms60 ,but she was not to be easily taken4 ,she was old enough by this time--eighty2 but she was as full of stratagem as she was full of years and wickedness4 ,receiving intelligence of young ,arthur's approach1 she shut herself up in a high tower1 and encouraged her soldiers to defend it like men4 ,prince ,arthur with his little army besieged the high tower4 ,king ,john1 hearing how matters stood1 came up to the rescue with his army4 ,so here was a strange family party6 ,the boy-prince besieging his grandmother1 and his uncle besieging him6 ,this position of affairs did not last long4 ,one summer night1 ,king ,john1 by treachery1 got his men into the town1 surprised ,prince ,arthur's force1 took two hundred of his knights1 and seized the prince himself in his bed4 ,the knights were put in heavy irons1 and driven away in open carts1 drawn by bullocks1 to various dungeons1 where they were most inhumanly treated1 and where some of them were starved to death4 ,prince ,arthur was sent to the ,castle of ,falaise4 ,one day1 while he was in prison at that castle1 mournfully thinking it strange that one so young should be in so much trouble1 and looking out of the small window in the deep1 dark wall1 at the summer sky and the birds1 the door was softly opened1 and he saw his uncle1 the king1 standing in the shadow of the archway1 looking very grim4 8,arthur10 said the king1 with his wicked eyes more on the stone floor than on his nephew1 8will you not trust to the gentleness1 the friendship1 and the truthfulness of your loving uncle80 8,i will tell my loving uncle that10 replied the boy1 8when he does me right4 ,let him restore to me my kingdom of ,england1 and then come to me and ask the question40 ,the king looked at him and went out4 8,keep that boy a close prisoner10 said he to the warden of the castle4 ,then the king took secret counsel with the worst of his nobles1 how the prince was to be got rid of4 ,some said1 8,put out his eyes and keep him in prison1 as ,robert of ,normandy was kept40 ,others said1 8,have him stabbed40 ,others1 8,have him poisoned40 ,king ,john feeling that in any case1 whatever was done afterwards1 it would be a satisfaction to his mind to have those handsome eyes burnt out1 that had looked at him so proudly1 while his own royal eyes were blinking at the stone floor1 sent certain ruffians to ,falaise to blind the boy with red-hot irons4 ,but ,arthur so pathetically entreated them1 and shed such piteous tears1 and so appealed to ,hubert de ,bourg 7or ,burgh71 the warden of the castle1 who had a love for him1 and was a merciful1 tender man1 that ,hubert could not bear it4 ,to his eternal honor1 he prevented the torture from being performed2 and1 at his own risk sent the savages away4 ,the chafed and disappointed king bethought himself of the stabbing suggestion next2 and1 with his shuffling manner and his cruel face1 proposed it to one ,william de ,bray4 8,i am a gentleman1 and not an executioner10 said ,william de ,bray1 and left the presence with disdain4 ,but it was not difficult for a king to hire a murderer in those days4 ,king ,john found one for his money1 and sent him down to the castle of ,falaise4 8,on what errand dost thou come80 said ,hubert to this fellow4 8,to despatch young ,arthur10 he returned4 8,go back to him who sent thee10 answered ,hubert1 8and say that ,i will do it60 ,king ,john1 very well knowing that ,hubert would never do it1 but that he evasively sent this reply to save the prince or gain time1 despatched messengers to convey the young prisoner to the castle of ,rouen4 ,arthur was soon forced from the kind ,hubert--of whom he had never stood in greater need than then--carried away by night1 and lodged in his new prison2 where1 through his grated window1 he could hear the deep waters of the river ,seine rippling against the stone wall below4 ,one dark night1 as he lay sleeping1 dreaming1 perhaps1 of rescue by those unfortunate gentlemen who were obscurely suffering and dying in his cause1 he was roused1 and bidden by his jailor to come down the staircase to the foot of the tower4 ,he hurriedly dressed himself1 and obeyed4 ,when they came to the bottom of the winding-stairs1 the jailor trod upon his torch1 and put it out4 ,then ,arthur1 in the darkness1 was hurriedly drawn into a solitary boat2 and in that boat he found his uncle and one other man4 ,he knelt to them1 and prayed them not to murder him4 ,deaf to his entreaties1 they stabbed him1 and sank his body in the river with heavy stones4 ,when the spring morning broke1 the tower-door was closed1 the boat was gone1 the river sparkled on its way1 and never more was any trace of the poor boy beheld by mortal eyes4 ,word ,exercise4 ,seine 7sn7 ,f-lise 7lz7 ruffians 7rfyans7 accession 7ak-seshun7 ,geoffrey 7jfre7 besieged 7be-sjd7 dungeons 7dnjuns7 tourna-ment 7toor- or tur-7 ,mirebeau 7meerb7 usurping 7y-zurping7 treachery 7trcher-e7 acknowledge 7ak-nlej7 ,norman-dy mssen-gers ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,detestable villain4--#b4 ,declared in favor of ,arthur4--#c4 ,ambitious schemes4--#d4 ,heartlessly sacrificed his interests4--#e4 ,full of stratagem4--#f4 ,inhumanly treated4--#g4 ,took secret counsel4--#h4 ,arthur pathetically entreated4--#i4 ,the chafed and disappointed king4--#aj4 ,to despatch ,arthur4--#aa4 ,evasively sent this reply4--#ab4 ,he prayed them4--#ac4 ,solitary boat4 ,,xvi4--,a ,,wet ,,sheet ,,and ,a ,,flowing ,,sea4 ,,allan ,,cunningham4 ,a wet sheet and a flowing sea1 ,a wind that follows fast1 ,and fills the white1 and rustling sail1 ,and bends the gallant mast2 ,and bends the gallant mast1 my boys1 ,while1 like the eagle free1 ,away the good ship flies1 and leaves ,old ,england on the lee6 8,o for a soft and gentle wind60 ,i heard a fair one cry2 ,but give to me the snoring breeze ,and white waves heaving high2 ,and white waves heaving high1 my boys1 ,the good ship tight and free1-- ,the world of waters is our home1 ,and merry men are we4 ,there's tempest in yon hornd moon1 ,and lightning in yon cloud2 ,and hark the music1 mariners1 ,the wind is piping loud6 ,the wind is piping loud1 my boys1 ,the lightning flashes free1-- ,while the hollow oak our palace is1 ,our heritage the sea4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an idler is a watch that wants both hands1 ,as useless if it goes as if it stands4 --,cowper4 ,,xvii4--,,we ,,are ,,seven4 ,,wordsworth4 ,illustration ,a simple child1 ,that lightly draws its breath1 ,and feels its life in every limb1 ,what should it know of death8 ,i met a little cottage girl3 ,she was eight years old1 she said2 ,her hair was thick with many a curl ,that clustered round her head4 ,she had a rustic1 woodland air1 ,and she was wildly clad2 ,her eyes were fair1 and very fair3 ,her beauty made me glad4 8,sisters and brothers1 little maid1 flow many may you be80 8,how many8 ,seven in all10 she said1 ,and wondering1 looked at me4 8,and where are they8 ,i pray you tell40 ,she answered1 8,seven are we2 ,and two of us at ,conway dwell1 ,and two are gone to sea4 8,two of us in the churchyard lie1 ,my sister and my brother2 ,and in the churchyard cottage1 ,i ,dwell near them with my mother40 8,you say that two at ,conway dwell1 ,and two are gone to sea1 ,yet you are seven6--,i pray you tell1 ,sweet maid1 how this may be40 ,then did the little maid reply1 8,seven boys and girls are we2 ,two of us in the churchyard lie1 ,beneath the churchyard tree40 8,you run about1 my little maid1 ,your limbs they are alive2 ,if two are in the churchyard laid1 ,then you are only five40 8,their graves are green1 they may be seen10 ,the little maid replied1 8,twelve steps or more from my mother's door1 ,and they are side by side4 8,my stockings there ,i often knit1 ,my kerchief there ,i hem2 ,and there upon the ground ,i sit-- ,i sit and sing to them4 8,and often after sunset1 sir1 ,when it is light and fair1 ,i take my little porringer1 ,and eat my supper there4 8,the first that died was little ,jane2 ,in bed she moaning lay1 ,till ,god released her of her pain2 ,and then she went away4 8,so in the churchyard she was laid2 ,and1 when the grass was dry1 ,together round her grave we played1 ,my brother ,john and ,i4 8,and when the ground was white with snow1 ,and ,i could run and slide1 ,my brother ,john was forced to go1 ,and he lies by her side40 8,how many are you1 then10 said ,i1 8,if they two are in heaven80 ,the little maiden did reply1 8,o master6 we are seven40 8,but they are dead2 those two are dead6 ,their spirits are in heaven60 ',twas throwing words away2 for still ,the little maid would have her will1 ,and said1 8,nay1 we are seven40 ,,xviii4--,,the ,,hippopotamus4 ,illustration ,of all the ugly-looking animals the hippopotamus is certainly one of the ugliest4 ,its name means the river-horse1 and was given it because it is generally found either in rivers or their neighborhood1 but the hippopotamus is nothing like a horse1 either in its form or its habits4 ,though it rarely exceeds five feet in height1 it is of vast bulk1 and1 when full grown1 will weigh1 it is said1 as much as four or five oxen4 ,the head is of enormous size1 and provided with a mouth of alarming width4 ,the skin1 which is of a dark color and thinly covered with short white hairs1 is1 in places1 nearly two inches thick4 ,the feet are large and divided into four parts1 each of which is protected by a hoof4 ,the hippopotamus lives entirely upon vegetable food1 of which it eats vast quantities1 as much as six bushels of grass having been found in its stomach4 ,but it is not so much the amount of food which it consumes1 as what it destroys1 that makes the ,african dread its visits to the standing crops4 ,its body is so huge and its legs are so short that it tramples down far more than it eats4 ,it is provided with a tremendous array of teeth1 some of which weigh from five to eight pounds4 ,with these it cuts down the grass and shrubs on which it lives as if they were mown with a scythe4 ,the hippopotamus1 in spite of its awkward form1 is an excellent swimmer and diver1 and can remain under water for as much as ten minutes4 ,during the first few months of its life the young hippopotamus is carried upon its mother's neck4 ,when born it is not much larger than a terrier dog4 ,the hippopotamus is caught in various ways4 ,sometimes several pitfalls1 having sharp stakes at the bottom1 are dug across the path which it pursues4 ,in the darkness of the night it falls into one of these1 and is impaled on the stakes4 ,this is a very cruel mode of capture1 and it is to be hoped that the natives who employ it1 soon put the poor animal out of its misery4 ,it is not easy to shoot it fatally1 for1 once it is alarmed1 it does not readily show itself4 ,it just pushes up its nostrils above the water to take in air1 often selecting for this purpose some spot where the reeds conceal its movements1 and then sinks again4 ,sometimes the hippopotamus is harpooned like a whale4 ,as soon as it is struck with the harpoon the hunters fasten the line round a neighboring tree1 and so hold their prey tight until it is despatched4 ,or1 if there is no time for them to get to land1 they throw the line1 with a buoy attached to it1 into the water4 ,the hippopotamus is then pursued in canoes1 and every time it rises to the surface it is pierced with javelins1 until1 at length1 it dies from loss of blood4 ,this is dangerous sport1 for it sometimes turns upon the hunters and crushes in or capsizes their canoes4 ,once a hippopotamus1 whose calf had been speared on the previous day1 attacked a boat in which was ,dr4 ,livingstone4 ,she struck it with such violence that the forepart was lifted clean out of the water1 one of the negro boatmen was thrown into the river1 and the whole crew were forced to jump ashore4 ,between the skin and the flesh is a layer of fat1 which is considered a great delicacy4 ,the flesh also is very good eating4 ,the hide is made into shields1 whips1 and walking-sticks4 ,the teeth yield a beautiful white ivory1 which is much valued on account of its never losing color4 ,word ,exercise4 buoy 7bwoi7 pitfalls javelins 7jvlns7 e-normous terri-er har-pooned scythe pierced nstrils neighborhood 7nbur-7 ivo-ry mser-y hp-po-pota-mus ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,either in its form or its habits4--#b4 ,rarely exceeds4--#c4 ,vast bulk4--#d4 ,alarming width4--#e4 ,lives entirely upon vegetable food4--#f4 ,food which it consumes4--#g4 ,tremendous array4--#h4 ,awkward form4--#i4 ,impaled on the stakes4--#aj4 ,cruel mode of capture4--#aa4 ,shoot it fatally4--#ab4 ,the reeds conceal its movements4--#ac4 ,the hunters fasten the line4--#ad4 ,dangerous sport4--#ae4 ,capsizes their canoes4--#af4 ,lifted clean out of the water4--#ag4 ,considered a delicacy4 ,,xix4--,a ,,bright ,,boy4 ,,prof4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,blackie4 ,bill is a bright boy2 ,do you know ,bill8 ,marching cheerily ,up and down hill2 ,bill is a bright boy ,at books and at play1 ,a right and a tight boy1 ,all the boys say4 ,his face is like roses ,in flush of the ,june2 ,his eyes like the welkin1 ,when cloudless the noon2 ,his step is like fountains ,that bicker with glee1 ,beneath the green mountains1 ,down to the sea4 ,when ,bill plays at cricket1 ,no ball on the green ,is shot from the wicket ,so sharp and so clean2 ,he stands at his station ,as strong as a king ,when he lifts up a nation ,on ,victory's wing4 ,when bent upon study1 ,he girds to his books2 ,no frown ever ploughs ,the smooth pride of his looks2 ,i came1 and ,i saw1 ,and ,i conquered at will3 ,this be the law ,for great ,csar and ,bill4 ,like ,thor with the hammer ,of power in his hand1 ,he rides through the grammar ,triumphant and grand2 ,o'er bastions and brambles ,which pedants up-pile1 ,he leaps and he ambles ,along with a smile4 ,as mild as a maiden1 ,where mildness belongs1-- ,he's hot as ,achilles1 ,when goaded by wrongs2 ,he flirts with a danger1 ,he sports with an ill1 ,to fear1 such a stranger ,is brave-hearted ,bill6 ,for ,bill is a bright boy-- ,who is like ,bill8 ,oft have ,i marched with him ,up and down hill4 ,when ,i hear his voice calling1 ,i follow him still1 ,and1 standing or falling1 ,i conquer with ,bill6 99 99 99 99 99 ,do good by stealth and blush to find it fame4 --,pope4 ,,xx4--,,after ,,blenheim4 ,,robert ,,southey4 ,illustration ,it was a summer evening1 ,old ,kaspar's work was done1 ,and he before his cottage door ,was sitting in the sun1 ,and by him sported on the green ,his little grandchild ,wilhelmine4 ,she saw her brother ,peterkin ,roll something large and round1 ,which he beside the rivulet ,in playing there had found2 ,he came to ask what he had found1 ,that was so large1 and smooth1 and round4 ,old ,kaspar took it from the boy1 ,who stood expectant by2 ,and then the old man shook his head1 ,and with a natural sigh3 8',tis some poor fellow's skull10 said he1 8,who fell in the great victory4 8,i find them in the garden1 ,for there's many here about2 ,and often when ,i go to plough1 ,the ploughshare turns them out6 ,for many thousand men10 said he1 8,were slain in that great victory40 8,now tell us what 'twas all about10 ,young ,peterkin1 he cries2 ,and little ,wilhelmine looks up1 ,with wonder-waiting eyes2 8,now tell us all about the war1 ,and what they fought each other for40 8,it was the ,english10 ,kaspar cried1 8,who put the ,french to rout2 ,but what they fought each other for1 ,i could not well make out2 ,but everybody said10 quoth he1 8,that 'twas a famous victory4 8,my father lived at ,blenheim then1 ,yon little stream hard by2 ,they burnt his dwelling to the ground1 ,and he was forced to fly2 ,so with his wife and child he fled1 ,nor had he where to rest his head4 8,with fire and sword the country round ,was wasted far and wide1 ,and many a childing mother then ,and new-born baby died2 ,but things like that1 you know1 must be ,at every famous victory4 8,they say it was a shocking sight ,after the field was won2 ,for many thousand bodies here ,lay rotting in the sun2 ,but things like that1 you know1 must be ,after a famous victory4 8,great praise the ,duke of ,marlbro' won1 ,and our good ,prince ,eugene40 8,why1 'twas a very wicked thing60 ,said little ,wilhelmine4 8,nay--nay--my little girl10 quoth he 8,it was a famous victory4 8,and everybody praised the ,duke ,who this great fight did win40 8,but what good came of it at last80 ,quoth little ,peterkin4 8,why1 that ,i cannot tell10 said he1 8,but 'twas a famous victory40 ,word ,exercise4 famous vcto-ry ,kaspar quth 7or kwth7 shocking natu-ral 7-yu7 ,eu-gne ,wilhel-mine 7mn7 ,peter-kin rvu-let ploughshare ,blnhem ex-pctant ,,xxi4--,,the ,,black ,,douglas4 ,illustration ,king ,edward ,i4 of ,england1 commonly known as 8,longshanks10 nearly conquered ,scotland4 ,it was from no lack of spirit or energy that he did not quite complete his troublesome task1 but he died a little too soon4 ,on his death-bed he called his pretty1 spiritless son to him1 and made him promise to carry on the war2 he then ordered that his bones should be wrapped up in a bull's hide1 and carried at the head of the army in future campaigns against the ,scots4 ,edward ,,ii4 soon forgot his promise to his father1 and spent his time in dissipation among his favorites1 and allowed the resolute ,scots to recover ,scotland4 ,good ,james1 ,lord ,douglas1 was a very wise man in his day4 ,he may not have had long shanks1 but he had a very long head1 as you shall presently see4 ,he was one of the hardest foes with which the two ,edwards had to contend1 and his long head proved quite too powerful for the second ,edward1 who1 in his single campaign against the ,scots1 lost at ,bannockburn nearly all that his father had gained4 ,the tall ,scottish castle of ,roxburgh stood near the border1 lifting its grim turrets above the ,teviot and the ,tweed4 ,when the ,black ,douglas1 as ,lord ,james was called1 had recovered castle after castle from the ,english1 he desired to gain this stronghold1 and determined to accomplish his wish4 ,but he knew it could be taken only by surprise1 and a very wily affair it must be4 ,he had outwitted the ,english so many times that they were sharply on the look out for him4 ,how could it be done8 ',tis an old ,yule-log story1 and you shall be told4 ,near the castle was a gloomy old forest1 called ,jedburgh4 ,here1 just as the first days of spring began to kindle in the sunrise and the sunsets1 and warm the frosty hills1 ,black ,douglas concealed sixty picked men4 ,it was ,shrove-tide1 and ,fasten's ,eve1 immediately before the great ,church fast of ,lent1 was to be celebrated with song and harp and a great blaze of light1 and free offerings of wine in the great hall of the castle4 ,the garrison was to have leave for merry-making and indulging in drunken wassail4 ,the sun had gone down in the red sky1 and the long1 deep shadow began to fall on ,jedburgh woods1 the river1 the hills1 and valleys4 ,an officer's wife had retired from the great hall1 where all was preparation for the merry-making1 to the high battlements of the castle1 in order to quiet her little child and put it to rest4 ,the sentinel1 from time to time1 paced near her4 ,she began to sing3-- 8,hush ye1 hush ye1 little pet ye6 ,hush ye1 hush ye1 do not fret ye2 ,the ,black ,douglas shall not get ye60 ,she saw some strange objects moving across the level ground in the distance4 ,they greatly puzzled her4 ,they did not travel quite like animals1 but they seemed to have four legs4 8,what are those queer-looking things yonder80 she asked of the sentinel as he drew near4 8,they are ,farmer ,asher's cattle10 said the soldier1 straining his eyes to discern the outlines of the long figures in the shadows4 8,the good man is making merry to-night1 and has forgotten to bring in his oxen2 lucky 'twill be if they do not fall a prey to the ,black ,douglas40 ,so sure was he that the objects were cattle1 that he ceased to watch them longer4 ,the woman's eye1 however1 followed the queer-looking cattle for some time1 until they seemed to disappear under the outer works of the castle4 ,then feeling quite at ease1 she thought she would sing again4 ,spring was in the evening air2 and1 perhaps1 it was the joyousness of spring which made her sing4 ,now1 the name of the ,black ,douglas had become so terrible to the ,english that it was used to frighten the children1 who1 when they misbehaved1 were told that the ,black ,douglas would get them4 ,the little ditty ,i have quoted must have been very quieting to good children in those alarming times4 ,so the good woman sang cheerily3-- 8,hush ye1 hush ye1 little pet ye6 ,hush ye1 hush ye1 do not fret ye3 ,the ,black ,douglas shall not get ye60 8,do not be so sure of that10 said a husky voice close beside her1 and a mail-gloved hand fell solidly upon her shoulder4 ,she was dreadfully frightened1 for she knew from the appearance of the man he must be the ,black ,douglas4 ,the ,scots came leaping over the walls4 ,the garrison was merry making below1 and1 almost before the disarmed revellers had any warning1 the ,black ,douglas was in the midst of them4 ,the old stronghold was taken1 and many of the garrison were put to the sword2 but the ,black ,douglas spared the woman and the child1 who probably never afterwards felt quite so sure about the little ditty3-- 8,hush ye1 hush ye1 do not fret ye3 ,the ,black ,douglas shall not get ye60 ,douglas had caused his picked men to approach the castle by walking on their hands and knees1 with long black cloaks thrown over their bodies1 and their ladders and weapons concealed under their cloaks4 ,the men thus presented very nearly the appearance of a herd of cattle in the deep shadows1 and completely deceived the sentinel1 who was probably thinking more of the music and dancing below1 than of the watchful enemy who had been haunting the gloomy woods of ,jedburgh4 ,the ,black ,douglas1 or 8,good ,james1 ,lord ,douglas10 as he was called by the ,scots1 fought1 as you will afterwards read1 with ,king ,robert ,bruce at ,bannockburn4 ,one lovely ,june day1 in the far-gone year of #acbi1 ,king ,robert lay dying4 ,he called ,douglas to his bedside1 and told him that it had been one of the dearest wishes of his heart to go to the ,holy ,land1 and recover ,jerusalem from the ,infidels2 but since he could not go1 he wished him to embalm his heart after his death1 and carry it to the ,holy ,city1 and deposit it in the ,holy ,sepulchre4 ,douglas had the heart of ,bruce embalmed and enclosed in a silver case1 and wore it on a silver chain about his neck4 ,he set out for ,jerusalem1 but resolved first to visit ,spain and engage in the war waged against the ,moorish king of ,granada4 ,he fell in ,andalusia1 in battle4 ,just before his death he threw the silver casket into the thickest of the fight1 exclaiming1 8,heart of ,bruce1 ,i follow thee or die60 ,his dead body was found beside the casket1 and the heart of ,bruce was brought back to ,scotland and deposited in the ivy-clad ,abbey of ,melrose4 ,douglas was a real hero1 and few things more engaging than his exploits were ever told under the holly and mistletoe1 or in the warm ,christmas light of the old ,scottish ,yule-logs4 ,word ,exercise4 ,tevi-ot rvel-lers weapons 7wppns7 ,jedburgh 7jdbr-rh7 wassail 7wssil7 ,andalusia 7an-da-lushe-a7 haunting 7hnting7 ,roxburgh 7rxbr-rh7 ,doglas ,sepulchre 7spul-ker7 ,mel-rse grri-son 7-sn7 ds-si-pation ,gra-nd ,je-rsa-lm ,bannock-burn ,,xxii4--,,bruce ,,and ,,the ,,spider4 ,,eliza ,,cook4 ,illustration ,king ,bruce of ,scotland flung himself down in a lonely mood to think2 ',tis true he was monarch1 and wore a crown1 but his heart was beginning to sink1 ,for he had been trying to do a great deed to make his people glad1 ,he had tried and tried1 but couldn't succeed1 and so he became quite sad4 ,he flung himself down in low despair1 as grieved as man could be2 ,and after a while as he pondered there1 8,i'll give it all up10 said he4 ,now just at the moment a spider dropped1 with its silken cobweb clew1 ,and the king in the midst of his thinking stopped to see what the spider would do4 ',twas a long way up to the ceiling dome1 and it hung by a rope so fine1 ,that how it would get to its cobweb home1 ,king ,bruce could not divine4 ,it soon began to cling and crawl straight up with strong endeavor1 ,but down it came1 with a slipping sprawl1 as near to the ground as ever4 ,up1 up it ran1 not a second it stayed1 to utter the least complaint1 ,till it fell still lower1 and there it lay1 a little dizzy1 and faint4 ,its head grew steady--again it went1 and travelled a half yard higher1 ',twas a delicate thread it had to tread1 and a road where its feet would tire4 ,again it fell and swung below1 but again it quickly mounted1 ,till up and down1 now fast1 now slow1 nine brave attempts were counted4 8,sure10 cried the king1 8that foolish thing will strive no more to climb1 ,when it toils so hard to reach and cling1 and tumbles every time40 ,but up the insect went once more1 ah me1 'tis an anxious minute1 ,he's only a foot from his cobweb door1 oh1 say will he lose or win it8 ,steadily1 steadily1 inch by inch1 higher and higher he got1 ,and a bold little run at the very last pinch1 put him into his native spot4 8,bravo1 bravo60 the king cried out1 8all honor to those who try2 ,the spider up there defied despair1 he conquered1 and why shouldn't ,i80 ,and ,bruce of ,scotland braced his mind1 and gossips tell the tale1 ,that he tried once more as he tried before1 and that time he did not fail4 ,pay goodly heed1 all you who read1 and beware of saying4 8,i can't10 ',tis a cowardly word1 and apt to lead to ,idleness1 ,folly1 and ,want4 ,whenever you find your heart despair of doing some goodly thing1 ,con over this strain1 try bravely again1 and remember the ,spider and ,king4 ,word ,exercise4 ceiling 7sling7 gssips idleness 7dl-ns7 travelled 7trveld7 grieved 7grvd7 anxious 7angkshus7 monarch 7monark7 endeavor 7en-dvor7 pndered ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,lonely mood4--#b4 ,his heart was beginning to sink4--#c4 ,low despair4--#d4 ,silken clew4--#e4 ,ceiling dome4--#f4 ,bruce could not divine4--#g4 ,strong endeavor4--#h4 ,slipping sprawl4--#i4 ,bruce braced his mind4--#aj4 ,con over this strain4 ,,xxiii4--,,the ,,farmer ,,and ,,the ,,fox4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,froude4 ,a ,farmer1 whose poultry-yard had suffered severely from the foxes1 succeeded at last in catching one in a trap4 8,ah1 you rascal60 said he1 as he saw him struggling1 8,i'll teach you to steal my fat geese4 ,you shall hang on the tree yonder1 and your brothers shall see what comes of thieving40 ,the ,farmer was twisting a halter to do what he had threatened1 when the ,fox1 whose tongue had helped him in hard pinches before1 thought there could be no harm in trying if it might not do him one more good turn4 8,you will hang me10 he said1 8to frighten my brother foxes4 ,on the word of a fox they won't care a rabbit-skin for it2 they'll come and look at me1 but you may depend upon it1 they will dine at your expense before they go home again60 8,then ,i shall hang you for yourself1 as a rogue and a rascal10 said the ,farmer4 8,i am only what ,nature1 or whatever you call the thing1 chose to make me10 the ,fox answered2 8,i didn't make myself40 8,you stole my geese10 said the man4 8,why did ,nature make me like geese1 then80 said the ,fox4 8,live and let live2 give me my share and ,i won't touch yours2 but you keep them all to yourself40 8,i don't understand your fine talk10 answered the ,farmer2 8but ,i know that you are a thief1 and that you deserve to be hanged40 ,his head is too thick to let me catch him so1 thought the ,fox2 ,i wonder if his heart is any softer4 8,you are taking away the life of a fellow-creature10 he said2 8that's a responsibility1--it is a curious thing that life1 and who knows what comes after it8 ,you say ,i am a rogue2 ,i say ,i am not2 but at any rate ,i ought not to be hanged1 for if ,i am not1 ,i don't deserve it2 and if ,i am1 you should give me time to repent40 ,i have him now1 thought the ,fox2 let him get out if he can4 8,why1 what would you have me do with you80 said the man4 8,my notion is1 that you should let me go1 and give me a lamb1 or a goose or two1 every month1 and then ,i could live without stealing2 but perhaps you know better than ,i1 and ,i am a rogue2 my education may have been neglected2 you should shut me up1 and take care of me1 and teach me4 ,who knows but in the end ,i may turn into a dog80 8,very pretty10 said the ,farmer2 8we have dogs enough1 and more1 too1 than we can take care of1 without you4 ,no1 no1 ,master ,fox2 ,i have caught you1 and you shall swing1 whatever is the logic of it4 ,there will be one rogue less in the world1 any how40 8,it is mere hate and unchristian vengeance10 said the ,fox4 8,no1 friend10 the ,farmer answered1 8,i don't hate you1 and ,i don't want to revenge myself on you2 but you and ,i can't get on together1 and ,i think ,i am of more importance than you4 ,if nettles and thistles grow in my cabbage-garden1 ,i don't try and persuade them to grow into cabbages4 ,i just dig them up4 ,i don't hate them2 but ,i feel somehow that they mustn't hinder me with my cabbage1 and that ,i must put them away2 and so1 my poor friend1 ,i am sorry for you1 but ,i am afraid you must swing40 ,,xxiv4--,a ,,canadian ,,boat ,,song4 ,,thomas ,,moore4 ,written on the river ,ottawa in the summer of #ahjd4 ,faintly as tolls the evening chime1 ,our voices keep tune and our oars keep time2 ,soon as the woods on the shore look dim1 ,we'll sing at ,st4 ,anne's our parting hymn4 ,row1 brothers1 row1 the stream runs fast1 ,the ,rapids are near1 and the daylight's past4 ,why should we yet our sail unfurl8 ,there is not a breath the blue wave to curl2 ,but when the wind blows off the shore1 ,o sweetly we'll rest our weary oar4 ,blow1 breezes1 blow1 the stream runs fast1 ,the ,rapids are near1 and the daylight's past4 ,utaw'a's tide6 this trembling moon ,shall see us float over thy surges soon4 ,saint of this green isle6 hear our prayers2 ,o grant us cool heavens1 and favoring airs4 ,blow1 breezes1 blow1 the stream runs fast1 ,the ,rapids are near1 and the daylight's past4 ,,xxv4--,,the ,,wreck ,,of ,,the ,,hesperus4 ,,longfellow4 ,it was the schooner ,hesperus1 ,that sailed the wintry sea2 ,and the skipper had taken his little daughter1 ,to bear him company4 ,blue were her eyes as the fairy flax1 ,her cheeks like the dawn of day1 ,and her bosom white as the hawthorn buds1 ,that ope in the month of ,may4 ,the skipper he stood beside the helm1 ,his pipe was in his mouth1 ,and he watched how the veering flaw did blow ,the smoke now west1 now south4 ,then up and spake an old sailor1 ,had sailed the ,spanish ,main1 8,i pray thee put into yonder port4 ,for ,i fear a hurricane4 8,last night the moon had a golden ring1 ,and to-night no moon we see60 ,the skipper he blew a whiff from his pipe1 ,and a scornful laugh laughed he4 ,colder and louder blew the wind1 ,a gale from the north-east2 ,the snow fell hissing in the brine1 ,and the billows frothed like yeast4 ,down came the storm1 and smote amain ,the vessel in its strength2 ,she shuddered and paused1 like a frighted steed1 ,then leaped her cable's length4 8,come hither6 come hither6 my little daughter1 ,and do not tremble so2 ,for ,i can weather the roughest gale1 ,that ever wind did blow40 ,he wrapped her warm in his seaman's coat1 ,against the stinging blast2 ,he cut a rope from a broken spar1 ,and bound her to the mast4 8,o father6 ,i hear the church bells ring1 ,o say1 what may it be80 8',tis a fog-bell on a rock-bound coast60-- ,and he steered for the open sea4 8,o father6 ,i hear the sound of guns1 ,o say what may it be80 8,some ship in distress1 that cannot live ,in such an angry sea60 8,o father6 ,i see a gleaming light1 ,o say1 what may it be80 ,but the father answered never a word1-- ,a frozen corpse was he4 ,lashed to the helm1 all stiff and stark1 ,with his face turned to the skies1 ,the lantern gleamed through the gleaming snow ,on his fixed and glassy eyes4 ,then the maiden clasped her hands and prayed ,that savd she might be2 ,and she thought of ,him who stilled the wave ,on the ,lake of ,galilee4 ,and fast through the midnight dark and drear1 ,through the whistling sleet and snow1 ,like a sheeted ghost1 the vessel swept ,towards the reef of ,norman's ,woe4 ,and ever the fitful gusts between ,a sound came from the land2 ,it was the sound of the trampling surf1 ,on the rocks and the hard sea-sand4 ,the breakers were right beneath her bows1-- ,she drifted a dreary wreck1 ,and the whooping billow swept the crew ,like icicles from her deck4 ,she struck where the white and fleecy waves ,looked soft as carded wool1 ,but the cruel rocks1 they gored her side ,like the horns of an angry bull4 ,her rattling shrouds1 all sheathed in ice1 ,with the masts went by the board2 ,like a vessel of glass she stove and sank-- ,ho6 ,ho6 the breakers roared6 ,at daybreak on the bleak sea-beach1 ,a fisherman stood aghast1 ,to see the form of a maiden fair ,lashed close to a drifting mast4 ,the salt sea was frozen on her breast1 ,the salt tears in her eyes2 ,and he saw her hair1 like the brown sea-weed1 ,on the billows fall and rise4 ,such was the wreck of the ,hesperus1 ,in the midnight and the snow2 ,oh6 save us all from a death like this1 ,on the reef of ,norman's ,woe6 ,word ,exercise4 yeast 7yst7 aghast 7a-gast7 icicles 7sik-kls7 whistling 7hwisling7 gored steered skipper frighted wreck frothed ,spanish hawthorn a-main sheeted schooner whooping lntern ,gli-le ,hspe-rs hrri-cne ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,to bear him company4--#b4 ,fairy flax4--#c4 ,veering flaw4--#d4 ,spanish ,main4--#e4 ,the moon had a golden ring4--#f4 ,scornful laugh4--#g4 ,i can weather the roughest gale4--#h4 ,stinging blast4--#i4 ,rock-bound coast4--#aj4 ,in distress4--#aa4 ,gleaming light4--#ab4 ,stiff and stark4--#ac4 ,norman's ,woe4--#ad4 ,fitful gusts4--#ae4 ,by the board4--#af4 ,whooping billow4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the blue skies smile1 and flowers bloom on1 ,and rivers still keep flowing1 ,the dear ,god still his rain and sun ,on good and ill bestowing4 ,his pine trees whisper1 8,trust and wait60 ,his flowers are prophesying ,that all we dread of change or fate ,his love is underlying4 --,j4 ,g4 ,whittier4 ,,xxvi4--,,holland4 ,,mary ,,mapes ,,dodge4 ,dutch cities seem1 at first sight1 to be a bewildering jumble of houses1 bridges1 churches1 and ships1 sprouting into masts1 steeples1 and trees4 ,in some cities boats are hitched1 like horses1 to their owners' door-posts1 and receive their freight from the upper windows4 ,mothers scream to their children not to swing on the garden gate for fear they may be drowned4 ,water roads are more frequent in ,holland than common roads and railroads2 water fences1 in the form of lazy green ditches1 enclose pleasure-ground1 farm1 and garden4 ,sometimes fine green hedges are seen2 but wooden fences1 such as we have1 are rarely met with in ,holland4 ,as for stone fences1 a ,hollander would lift his hands with astonishment at the very idea4 ,there is no stone there1 excepting those great1 masses of rock that have been brought from other lands1 to strengthen and protect the coast4 ,all the small stones or pebbles1 if there ever were any1 seem to be imprisoned in pavements or quite melted away4 ,boys1 with strong1 quick arms1 may grow from aprons to full beards1 without ever finding one to start the water-rings1 or set the rabbits flying4 ,the water-roads are nothing less than canals crossing the country in every direction4 ,these are of all sizes1 from the great ,north ,holland ,ship ,canal1 which is the wonder of the world1 to those which a boy can leap4 ,water-omnibuses constantly ply up and down these roads for the conveyance of passengers2 and water-drays are used for carrying fuel and merchandise4 ,illustration ,instead of green country lanes1 green canals stretch from field to barn1 and from barn to garden2 and the farms are merely great lakes pumped dry4 ,some of the busiest streets are water1 while many of the country roads are paved with brick4 ,the city boats1 with their rounded sterns1 gilded bows1 and gayly-painted sides1 are unlike any others under the sun2 a ,dutch waggon1 with its funny little crooked pole1 is a perfect mystery of mysteries4 ,one thing is clear1 you may think that the inhabitants need never be thirsty4 ,but no1 ,odd-land is true to itself still4 ,with the sea pushing to get in1 and the lakes struggling to get out1 and the overflowing canals1 rivers1 and ditches1 in many districts there is no water that is fit to swallow4 ,our poor ,hollanders must go dry1 or send far inland for that precious fluid1 older than ,adam1 yet young as the morning dew4 ,sometimes1 indeed1 the inhabitants can swallow a shower1 when they are provided with any means of catching it2 but generally they are like the sailors told of in a famous poem1 who saw 8,water1 water1 everywhere1 ,nor any drop to drink60 ,great flapping windmills all over the country make it look as if flocks of huge sea-birds were just settling upon it4 ,everywhere one sees the funniest trees1 bobbed into all sorts of odd shapes1 with their trunks painted a dazzling white1 yellow1 or red4 ,horses are often yoked three abreast4 ,men1 women and children go clattering about in wooden shoes with loose heels4 ,husbands and wives lovingly harness themselves side by side on the bank of the canal and drag their produce to market4 ,,xxvii4--,,evening ,,hymn4 ,,john ,,keble4 ,sun of my soul1 ,thou ,saviour dear1 ,it is not night if ,thou be near2 ,oh6 may no earth-born cloud arise ,to hide ,thee from ,thy servant's eyes6 ,when the soft dews of kindly sleep ,my wearied eyelids gently steep1 ,be my last thought1 how sweet to rest ,for ever on my ,saviour's breast6 ,abide with me from morn till eve1 ,for without ,thee ,i cannot live6 ,abide with me when night is nigh1 ,for without ,thee ,i dare not die6 ,if some poor wandering child of ,thine ,have spurned1 to-day1 the voice divine1-- ,now1 ,lord1 the gracious work begin2 ,let him no more lie down in sin6 ,watch by the sick1 enrich the poor ,with blessings from ,thy boundless store6 ,be every mourner's sleep to-night ,like infant's slumbers1 pure and light6 ,come near and bless us when we wake1 ,ere through the world our way we take3 ,till1 in the ocean of ,thy love1 ,we lose ourselves in ,heaven above6 ,,xxviii4--,,psalm ,,xxiii4 ,the ,lord is my shepherd2 ,i shall not want4 ,he maketh me to lie down ,in green pastures3 ,he leadeth me beside the still waters4 ,he restoreth my soul3 ,he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness ,for his name's sake4 ,yea1 though ,i walk through the valley ,of the shadow of death1 ,i will fear no evil3 for thou art with me2 ,thy rod and thy staff they comfort me4 ,thou preparest a table before me ,in the presence of mine enemies3 ,thou anointest my head with oil2 ,my cup runneth over4 ,surely goodness and mercy shall follow me ,all the days of my life3 ,and ,i will dwell in the house of the ,lord ,for ever4 ,,xxix4--,,the ,,heroic ,,serf4 ,in the dark forests of ,russia1 where the snow lies on the ground for eight months in the year1 wolves roam about in countless troops2 and it is a fearful thing for the traveller1 especially if night overtakes him1 to hear their famished howlings as they approach nearer and nearer to him4 ,a ,russian nobleman1 with his wife and a young daughter1 was travelling in a sleigh over a bleak plain4 ,about nightfall they reached an inn1 and the nobleman called for a relay of horses to go on4 ,the innkeeper begged him not to proceed4 8,there is danger ahead10 said he3 8the wolves are out40 ,the traveller thought the object of the man was to keep him as a guest for the night1 and1 saying it was too early in the season for wolves1 ordered the horses to be put to4 ,in spite of the repeated warnings of the landlord1 the party proceeded on their way4 ,the driver was a serf who had been born on the nobleman's estate1 and who loved his master as he loved his life4 ,the sleigh sped swiftly over the hard snow1 and there seemed no signs of danger4 ,the moon began to shed her light1 so that the road seemed like polished silver4 ,suddenly the little girl said to her father1 8,what is that strange1 dull sound ,i heard just now80 ,her father replied1 8,nothing but the wind sighing through the trees40 ,the child shut her eyes1 and kept still for a while2 but in a few minutes1 with a face pale with fear1 she turned to her father1 and said1 8,surely that is not the wind3 ,i hear it again2 do you not hear it too8 ,listen60 ,the nobleman listened1 and far1 far away in the distance behind him1 but distinct enough in the clear1 frosty air1 he heard a sound of which he knew the meaning1 though those who were with him did not4 ,whispering to the serf1 he said1 8,they are after us4 ,get ready your musket and pistols2 ,i will do the same4 ,we may yet escape4 ,drive on6 drive on60 ,the man drove wildly on2 but nearer1 ever nearer1 came the mournful howling which the child had first heard4 ,it was perfectly clear to the nobleman that a pack of wolves had got scent1 and was in pursuit of them4 ,meanwhile he tried to calm the anxious fears of his wife and child4 ,at last the baying of the wolves was distinctly heard1 and he said to his servant1 8,when they come up with us1 single you out the leader1 and fire4 ,i will single out the next2 and1 as soon as one falls1 the rest will stop to devour him4 ,that will be some delay1 at least40 ,by this time they could see the pack fast approaching1 with their long1 measured tread4 ,a large dog-wolf was the leader4 ,the nobleman and the serf singled out two1 and these fell4 ,the pack immediately turned on their fallen comrades1 and soon tore them to pieces4 ,the taste of blood only made the others advance with more fury1 and they were soon again baying at the sleigh4 ,again the nobleman and his servant fired4 ,two other wolves fell1 and were instantly devoured4 ,but the next post-house was still far distant4 ,the nobleman then cried to the post-boy1 8,let one of the horses loose1 that we may gain a little more time40 ,this was done1 and the horse was left on the road4 ,in a few minutes they heard the loud shrieks of the poor animal as the wolves tore him down4 ,the remaining horses were urged to their utmost speed1 but again the pack was in full pursuit4 ,another horse was cut loose1 and he soon shared the fate of his fellow4 ,at length the servant said to his master1 8,i have served you since ,i was a child1 and ,i love you as ,i love my own life4 ,it is clear to me that we can not all reach the post-house alive4 ,i am quite prepared1 and ,i ask you to let me die for you40 8,no1 no60 cried the master1 8we will live together or die together4 ,you must not1 must not60 ,but the servant had made up his mind2 he was fully resolved4 8,i shall leave my wife and children to you2 you will be a father to them3 you have been a father to me4 ,when the wolves next reach us1 ,i will jump down1 and do my best to delay their progress40 ,illustration ,the sleigh glides on as fast as the two remaining horses can drag it4 ,the wolves are close on their track1 and almost up with them4 ,but what sound now rings out sharp and loud8 ,it is the discharge of the servant's pistol4 ,at the same instant he leaps from his seat1 and falls a prey to the wolves6 ,but meanwhile the post-house is reached1 and the family is safe4 ,on the spot where the wolves had pulled to pieces the devoted servant1 there now stands a large wooden cross1 erected by the nobleman4 ,it bears this inscription3 8,greater love hath no man than this1 that a man lay down his life for his friends40 ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,heroic serf4--#b4 ,famished howlings4--#c4 ,bleak plain4--#d4 ,a relay of horses4--#e4 ,ordered the horses to be put to4--#f4 ,repeated warnings4--#g4 ,the moon began to shed her light4--#h4 ,pack of wolves4--#i4 ,had got scent of them4--#aj4 ,to calm the anxious fears4--#aa4 ,baying at the sleigh4--#ab4 ,instantly devoured4--#ac4 ,fully resolved4--#ad4 ,to delay their progress4 ,,xxx4--,,there',s ,a ,,good ,,time ,,coming4 ,,charles ,,mackay4 ,there's a good time coming1 boys1 ,a good time coming3 ,we may not live to see the day1 ,but earth shall glisten in the ray ,of the good time coming4 ,cannon-balls may aid the truth1 ,but thought's a weapon stronger2 ,we'll win our battle by its aid2-- ,wait a little longer4 ,there's a good time coming1 boys1 ,a good time coming3 ,the pen shall supersede the sword1 ,and ,right1 not ,might1 shall be the lord ,in the good time coming4 ,worth1 not ,birth1 shall rule mankind1 ,and be acknowledged stronger2 ,the proper impulse has been given2-- ,wait a little longer4 ,there's a good time coming1 boys1 ,a good time coming3-- ,war in all men's eyes shall be ,a monster of iniquity ,in the good time coming2 ,nations shall not quarrel then1 ,to prove which is the stronger2 ,nor slaughter men for glory's sake2-- ,wait a little longer4 ,there's a good time coming1 boys1 ,a good time coming3 ,hateful rivalries of creed ,shall not make their martyrs bleed ,in the good time coming4 ,religion shall be shorn of pride1 ,and flourish all the stronger2 ,and ,charity shall trim her lamp2-- ,wait a little longer4 ,there's a good time coming1 boys1 ,a good time coming3 ,let us aid it all we can1 ,every woman1 every man1 ,the good time coming4 ,smallest helps1 if rightly given1 ,make the impulse stronger2 ',twill be strong enough one day2-- ,wait a little longer4 ,,xxxi4--,,john ,,brown2 ,,or1 ,a ,,plain ,,man',s ,,philosophy4 ,,charles ,,mackay4 ,i've a guinea ,i can spend1 ,i've a wife and a friend1 ,and a troop of little children at my knee1 ,john ,brown2 ,i've a cottage of my own1 ,with the ivy overgrown1 ,and a garden with a view of the sea1 ,john ,brown2 ,i can sit at my door1 ,by my shady sycamore1 ,large of heart1 though of very small estate1 ,john ,brown2 ,so of water drain a glass1 ,in my arbor as you pass1 ,and ,i'll tell you what ,i love1 and what ,i hate1 ,john ,brown4 ,i love the song of birds1 ,and the children's early words1 ,and a loving woman's voice1 low and sweet1 ,john ,brown2 ,and ,i hate a false pretence1 ,and the want of common sense1 ,and arrogance1 and fawning1 and deceit1 ,john ,brown4 ,i love the meadow flowers1 ,and the briar in the bowers1 ,and ,i love an open face without guile1 ,john ,brown2 ,and ,i hate a selfish knave1 ,and a proud1 contented slave1 ,and a lout who'd rather borrow than he'd toil1 ,john ,brown4 ,i love a simple song1 ,that awakes emotions strong1 ,and the word of hope which raises him who faints1 ,john ,brown2 ,and ,i hate the constant whine ,of the foolish who repine1 ,and turn their good to evil by complaints1 ,john ,brown2 ,but ever when ,i hate1-- ,if ,i seek my garden gate1 ,and survey the world around me and above1 ,john ,brown1-- ,the hatred flies my mind1 ,and ,i sigh for human kind1 ,and excuse the faults of those ,i cannot love1 ,john ,brown4 ,so if you like my ways1 ,and the comfort of my days1 ,i can tell you how ,i live so unvexed1 ,john ,brown2 ,i never scorn my health1 ,nor sell my soul for wealth1 ,nor destroy one day the pleasure of the next1 ,john ,brown2 ,i've parted with my pride1 ,and ,i take the sunny side1 ,for ,i've found it worse than folly to be sad1 ,john ,brown2 ,i keep a conscience clear1 ,i've a hundred pounds a year1 ,and ,i manage to exist and to be glad1 ,john ,brown4 ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,large of heart4--#b4 ,small estate4--#c4 ,drain a glass4--#d4 ,children's early words4--#e4 ,false pretence4--#f4 ,common sense4--#g4--,open face without guile4--#h4 ,selfish knave4--#i4 ,contented slave4--#aj4 ,simple song4--#aa4 ,awakes emotions strong4--#ab4 ,constant whine4--#ac4 ,survey the world4--#ad4 ,excuse the faults4--#ae4 ,scorn my health4--#af4 ,sell my soul for wealth4--#ag4 ,sunny side4--#ah4 ,conscience clear4--#ai4 ,manage to exist4 ,,xxxii4--,,the ,,otter4 ,illustration ,the otter resembles land animals in shape1 hair1 and general conformation1 and the aquatic tribes in its manner of living and in its webbed toes1 which assist it in swimming4 ,it swims even faster than it runs1 and can overtake fishes in their own element4 ,it is found in all parts of the world1--on tropical islands1 in ,america1 and on the bleak coasts of ,alaska and ,siberia4 ,it is one of the great weasel family1 as active and cunning in the water1 as its land relations are in the field1 or in the farm-yard4 ,the fish-otter--which is found around lakes and rivers in ,canada1 in the ,united ,states1 in ,south ,america1 and in wild parts of ,europe--is a famous fisher4 ,its home is in the water1 but it can travel over the land with wonderful swiftness1 although its paws are webbed4 ,it is very fond of sliding down hill4 ,on the slopes by ponds and rivers1 it enjoys itself in a very odd fashion4 ,it lies with its fore-feet bent backward1 and pushes itself forward with its hind-feet1 going down the snowy or muddy slope with as much pleasure as if it were a schoolboy 8coasting40 ,a number of fish-otters thus amusing themselves must present a very ludicrous sight4 ,these furry little quadrupeds can stay a long time under water1 swimming swiftly and without noise2 so that the fish they follow seldom escape them4 ,if the prey is small1 the otters do not trouble themselves to go far with it1 but bite off the most delicate morsels and throw the rest away4 ,when they catch a large fish1 however1 they drag it ashore and feed upon it at their leisure4 ,when fish are not plentiful enough1 the otters1 grown bold from necessity1 will attack ducks or any other waterfowl within reach4 ,they are so strong1 and bite so fiercely1 that the animals they pursue may well regard them with terror4 ,their habitations are really safe hiding-places4 ,they burrow under the ground1 and make the entrance of their 8nest0 under water2 so that no land-enemies can pursue them3 certainly1 no water-foe can follow them into the hollow made by them in the bank4 ,this proves that the crafty nature of the weasel is not wanting in the otter4 ,they dig upward four or five feet1 or even more2 and at the end of the tunnel they make a little room1 which they line with moss and grass1 for the comfort of the baby-otters4 ,this underground room has no need of windows2 but it does need ventilation1 and a minute air-hole1 leading1 like a chimney1 to the surface of the earth1 is an important part of otter house-building4 ,when taken young1 otters can be tamed and taught to catch fish for their masters1 being trained to hunt as dogs are trained for the chase4 8,i have seen one10 says ,goldsmith1 8go to a gentleman's pond at the word of command1 drive up the fish into a corner1 and1 having seized upon the largest1 bring it off in its mouth to its master40 ,otters differ very much in size and color4 ,fish-otters are from two to three feet long1 and sea-otters--the largest of the family--are somewhat longer4 ,these sea-otters are very much prized for their soft1 glossy1 black fur4 ,some of the species1 however are white1 with a yellow tinge2 others are dark-brown1 with yellow spots under the throat4 ,no doubt all of you have seen caps1 and gloves1 and other coverings made of the soft1 warm fur of the otter4 ,word ,exercise4 weasel 7wzl7 leisure 7lzhur7 trp'i-cal resembles 7re-zmbls7 ,s-b-ri-a ral-ly burrow 7brr7 ,a-mri-ca par-tc--lar ,a-laska ldi-cros vn-ti-ltion ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,general conformation4--#b4 ,aquatic tribes4--#c4 ,bleak coast4--#d4 ,wild parts4--#e4 ,odd fashion4--#f4 ,ludicrous sight4--#g4 ,furry quadrupeds4--#h4 ,delicate morsels4--#i4 ,crafty nature4--#aj4 ,minute air-hole4--#aa4 ,differ in size4--#ab4 ,much prized4 ,,xxxiii4--,,the ,,ivy ,,green4 ,,charles ,,dickens4 ,illustration ,oh1 a dainty plant is the ,ivy ,green1 ,that creepeth o'er ruins old6 ,of right choice food are his meals1 ,i ween1 ,in his cell so lone and cold4 ,the wall must be crumbled1 the stone decayed1 ,to pleasure his dainty whim2 ,and the mouldering dust that years have made ,is a merry meal for him4 ,creeping where no life is seen1 ,a rare old plant is the ,ivy ,green4 ,fast he stealeth on1 though he wears no wings1 ,and a staunch old heart has he2 ,how closely he twineth1 how tight he clings ,to his friend1 the huge ,oak-tree6 ,and slyly he traileth along the ground1 ,and his leaves he gently waves1 ,as he joyously hugs and crawleth around ,the rich mould of dead men's graves4 ,creeping where grim death has been1 ,a rare old plant is the ,ivy ,green4 ,whole ages have fled1 and their works decayed1 ,and nations have scattered been1 ,but the stout old ,ivy shall never fade ,from its hale and hearty green4 ,the brave old plant1 in its lonely days1 ,shall fatten upon the past1 ,for the stateliest building man can raise ,is the ,ivy's food at last4 ,creeping on1 where time has been1 ,a rare old plant is the ,ivy ,green4 ,,xxxiv4--,,the ,,sea4 ,,bryan ,,waller ,,procter4 ,the ,sea6 the ,sea6 the open ,sea6 ,the blue1 the fresh1 the ever free6 ,without a mark1 without a bound1 ,it runneth the earth's wide regions round2 ,it plays with the clouds2 it mocks the skies2 ,or like a cradled creature lies4 ,i'm on the ,sea6 ,i'm on the ,sea6 ,i am where ,i would ever be1 ,with the blue above1 and the blue below1 ,and silence whereso'er ,i go3 ,if a storm should come1 and awake the deep1 ,what matter8 ,i shall ride and sleep4 ,i love1 oh how ,i love1 to ride ,on the fierce1 foaming1 bursting tide1 ,when every mad wave drowns the moon1 ,or whistles aloft its tempest tune1 ,and tells how goeth the world below1 ,and why the south-west blasts do blow6 ,i never was on the dull1 tame shore1 ,but ,i loved the great ,sea more and more1 ,and backward flew to her billowy breast1 ,like a bird that seeketh its mother's nest3 ,and a mother she was and is to me2 ,for ,i was born on the open ,sea6 ,the waves were white1 and red the morn1 ,in the noisy hour when ,i was born2 ,and the whale it whistled1 the porpoise rolled1 ,and the dolphins bared their backs of gold2 ,and never was heard such an outcry wild ,as welcomed to life the ,ocean-child4 ,i've lived since then1 in calm and strife1 ,full fifty summers a sailor's life1 ,with wealth to spend1 and power to range1 ,but never have sought1 nor sighed for change2 ,and ,death1 whenever he comes to me1 ,shall come on the wild unbounded sea6 ,word ,exercise4 sighed porpoise7porps7 billow-y dolphins 7-fins7 cradled foaming tempest creature bursting un-bounded ,,xxxv4--,,ho6 ,,breakers ,,on ,,the ,,weather ,,bow4 ,,swain4 ,ho6 breakers on the weather bow1 ,and hissing white the sea2 ,go1 loose the topsail1 mariner1 ,and set the helm a-lee2 ,and set the helm a-lee1 my boys1 ,and shift her while ye may2 ,or not a living soul on board ,will view the light of day6 ,aloft the seaman daringly ,shook out the rattling sail2 ,the danger fled--she leapt a-head ,like wild stag through the gale2 ,like wild stag through the gale1 my boys1 ,all panting as in fear1 ,and trembling as her spirit knew ,destruction in the rear6 ,now slacken speed--take wary heed-- ,all hands haul home the sheet2 ,to ,him who saves1 amidst the waves1 ,let each their prayer repeat2 ,let each their prayer repeat1 my boys1 ,for but a moment's gain ,lay 'tween our breath and instant death1 ,within that howling main4 ,,xxxvi4--,a ,,child',s ,,dream ,,of ,a ,,star4 ,,charles ,,dickens4 ,there was once a child1 and he strolled about a good deal1 and thought of a number of things4 ,he had a sister1 who was a child too1 and his constant companion4 ,these two used to wonder all day long4 ,they wondered at the beauty of the flowers2 they wondered at the height and blueness of the sky2 they wondered at the goodness and the power of ,god1 who made the lovely world4 ,they used to say to one another sometimes1 8,supposing all the children upon earth were to die1 would the flowers1 and the water1 and the sky be sorry80 ,they believed they would be sorry4 8,for10 said they1 8the buds are the children of the flowers1 and the little playful streams that gambol down the hillsides are the children of the water2 and the smallest bright specks1 playing at hide-and-seek in the sky all night1 must surely be the children of the stars2 and they would all be grieved to see their playmates1 the children of men1 no more40 ,there was one clear-shining star that used to come out in the sky before the rest1 near the church spire1 above the graves4 ,it was larger and more beautiful1 they thought1 than all the others1 and every night they watched for it1 standing hand in hand at a window4 ,whoever saw it first cried out1 8,i see the star60 ,and often they cried out both together1 knowing so well when it would rise1 and where4 ,so they grew to be such friends with it1 that1 before lying down on their beds1 they always looked out once again1 to bid it good-night2 and when they were turning round to sleep they used to say1 8,god bless the star60 ,but while she was still very young--oh1 very1 very young6--the sister drooped1 and came to be so weak1 that she could no longer stand at the window at night2 and then the child looked sadly out by himself1 and when he saw the star1 turned round and said to the patient1 pale face on the bed1 8,i see the star60 and then a smile would come upon the face1 and a little1 weak voice used to say1 8,god bless my brother and the star60 ,and so the time came1 all too soon6 when the child looked out alone1 and when there was no face on the bed2 and when there was a little grave among the graves1 not there before2 and when the star made long rays down towards him1 as he saw it through his tears4 ,now1 these rays were so bright1 and they seemed to make such a shining way from earth to heaven1 that when the child went to his solitary bed1 he dreamed about the star2 and dreamed that1 lying where he was1 he saw a train of people taken up that sparkling road by angels4 ,and the star1 opening1 showed him a great world of light1 where many more such angels waited to receive him4 ,all these angels1 who were waiting1 turned their beaming eyes upon the people who were carried up into the star2 and some came out from the long rows in which they stood1 and fell upon the people's necks1 and kissed them tenderly1 and went away with them down avenues of light1 and were so happy in their company1 that1 lying in his bed1 he wept for joy4 ,but there were many angels who did not go with them1 and among them one he knew4 ,the patient face that once had lain upon the bed was glorified and radiant1 but his heart found out his sister among all the host4 ,his sister's angel lingered near the entrance of the star1 and said to the leader among those who had brought the people thither1 8,is my brother come80 ,and he said1 8,no40 ,she was turning hopefully away1 when the child stretched out his arms1 and cried1 8,o sister1 ,i am here6 ,take me60 ,and then she turned her beaming eyes upon him1 and it was night2 and the star was shining into the room1 making long rays down towards him1 as he saw it through his tears4 ,from that hour forth1 the child looked out upon the star as on the ,home he was to go to when his time should come2 and he thought that he did not belong to the earth alone1 but to the star too1 because of his sister's angel gone before4 ,there was a baby born to be a brother to the child2 and while he was so little that he never yet had spoken a word1 he stretched his tiny form out on the bed1 and died4 ,again the child dreamed of the opened star1 and of the company of angels1 and the train of people1 and the rows of angels1 with their beaming eyes all turned upon those people's faces4 ,said his sister's angel to the leader1 8,is my brother come80 ,and he said1 8,not that one1 but another40 ,as the child beheld his brother's angel in her arms1 he cried1 8,o sister1 ,i am here6 ,take me60 ,and she turned and smiled upon him1 and the star was shining4 ,he grew to be a young man1 and was busy at his books1 when an old servant came to him1 and said1 8,thy mother is no more4 ,i bring her blessing on her darling son60 ,again at night he saw the star1 and all the former company4 ,said his sister's angel to the leader1 8,is my brother come80 ,and he said1 8,thy mother60 ,a mighty cry of joy went forth through all the star1 because the mother was reunited to her two children4 ,and he stretched out his arms1 and cried1 8,o mother1 sister1 and brother1 ,i am here6 ,take me60 ,and they answered him1 8,not yet10 and the star was shining4 ,he grew to be a man1 whose hair was turning gray1 and he was sitting in his chair by the fireside1 heavy with grief1 and with his face bedewed with tears1 when the star opened once again4 ,said his sister's angel to the leader1 8,is my brother come80 ,and he said1 8,nay1 but his maiden daughter40 ,and the man who had been the child saw his daughter1 newly lost to him1 a celestial creature among those three1 and he said1 8,my daughter's head is on my sister's bosom1 and her arm is round my mother's neck1 and at her feet there is the baby of old time1 and ,i can bear the parting from her--,god be praised60 ,and the star was shining4 ,thus the child came to be an old man1 and his face was wrinkled1 and his steps were slow1 and his back was bent4 ,and one night1 as he lay upon his bed1 his children standing around1 he cried1 as he had cried so long ago1 8,i see the star60 ,they whispered to one another1 8,he is dying40 ,and he said1 8,i am4 ,my age is falling from me like a garment1 and ,i move towards the star as a child4 ,and1 ,o my ,father1 now ,i thank ,thee that it has so often opened1 to receive those dear ones who await me60 ,and the star was shining2 and it shines upon his grave4 ,,xxxvii4--,,hannah ,,binding ,,shoes4 ,,lucy ,,larcom4 ,illustration ,poor lone ,hannah1 ,sitting at the window binding shoes4 ,faded1 wrinkled1 ,sitting1 stitching1 in a mournful muse4 ,bright-eyed beauty once was she1 ,when the bloom was on the tree2 ,spring and winter1 ,hannah's at the window binding shoes4 ,not a neighbor ,passing1 nod or answer will refuse ,to her whisper1 8,is there from the fishers any news80 ,oh1 her heart's adrift with one ,on an endless voyage gone6 ,night and morning1 ,hannah's at the window binding shoes4 ,fair young ,hannah1 ,ben1 the sunburnt fisher1 gayly woos2 ,hale and clever1 ,for a willing heart and hand he sues4 ,may-day skies are all aglow1 ,and the waves are laughing so6 ,for her wedding ,hannah leaves her window and her shoes4 ,may is passing2 ,mid the apple-boughs a pigeon coos4 ,hannah shudders1 ,for the mild south-wester mischief brews4 ,round the rocks of ,marblehead1 ,outward bound a schooner sped2 ,silent1 lonesome1 ,hannah's at the window binding shoes4 ',tis ,november2 ,now no tear her wasted cheek bedews4 ,from ,newfoundland ,not a sail returning will she lose1 ,whispering hoarsely3 8,fishermen1 ,have you--have you heard of ,ben80 ,old with watching1 ,hannah's at the window binding shoes4 ,twenty winters ,bleach and tear the ragged shore she views4 ,twenty seasons6 ,never one has brought her any news4 ,still her dim eyes silently ,chase the white sails o'er the sea3 ,hopeless1 faithful1 ,hannah's at the window binding shoes4 ,word ,exercise4 gayly wrinkled 7rngkkld7 mischief 7mschif7 hoarsely 7hrsly7 boughs voyage stitching ,no-vember whispering 7hwsper-ing7 shdders lonesome ,newfoundland ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,in a mournful muse4--#b4 ,her heart's adrift4--#c4 ,hale and clever4--#d4 ,skies aglow4--#e4 ,no tear her wasted cheek bedews4--#f4 ,old with watching4--#g4 ,bleach the ragged shore4--#h4 ,silently chase4--#i4 ,twenty seasons4--#aj4 ,hopeless ,hannah4 ,,xxxviii4--,,jack ,,in ,,the ,,pulpit4 ,,john ,g4 ,,whittier4 ,illustration ,jack in the ,pulpit ,preaches to-day1 ,squirrel and song-sparrow1 ,high on their perch1 ,hear the sweet lily-bells ,ringing to church4 ,come1 hear what his reverence ,rises to say1 ,in his low1 painted pulpit1 ,this calm ,sabbath-day4 ,fair is the canopy ,over him seen1 ,pencilled by ,nature's hand ,black1 brown1 and green4 ,green is his surplice1 ,green are his bands2 ,in his queer little pulpit ,the little priest stands4 ,in black and gold velvet1 ,so gorgeous to see1 ,comes with his bass voice ,the chorister bee4 ,green fingers playing ,unseen on wind-lyres1-- ,low singing bird-voices1-- ,these are his choirs4 ,the violets are deacons2 ,i know by their sign ,that the cups which they carry ,are purple with wine4 ,and the columbines bravely ,as sentinels stand ,on the look-out1 with all their ,red trumpets in hand4 ,meek-faced anemones ,drooping and sad2 ,great yellow violets ,smiling out glad2 ,buttercups' faces ,beaming and bright2 ,clovers1 with bonnets-- ,some red and some white2 ,daisies1 their white fingers ,half-clasped in prayer2 ,dandelions proud of ,the gold of their hair2 ,innocents1 children ,guileless and frail1 ,meek little faces ,upturned and pale2 ,wild-wood geraniums1 ,all in their best1 ,languidly leaning ,in purple gauze dressed2-- ,all are assembled ,this sweet ,sabbath day ,to hear what the priest in his pulpit will say4 ,look6 white ,indian pipes ,on the green mosses lie6 ,who has been smoking ,profanely so nigh8 ,rebuked by the preacher ,the mischief is stopped1 ,and the sinners1 in haste1 ,have their little pipes dropped4 ,let the wind1 with the fragrance ,of fern and black-birch1 ,blow the smell of the smoking ,clean out of the church6 ,so much for the preacher3 ,the sermon comes next2-- ,shall we tell how he preached it1 ,and what was his text8 ,alas6 like too many ,grown-up folk who play ,at worship in churches ,man-builded to-day-- ,we heard not the preacher ,expound or discuss2 ,but we looked at the people ,and they looked at us2 ,we saw all their dresses1 ,their colors and shapes1 ,the trim of their bonnets1 ,the cut of their capes2 ,we heard the wind-organ1 ,the bee and the bird1 ,but of ,jack in the ,pulpit we heard not a word6 ,,xxxix4--,,the ,,beaver4 ,there are few animals that can teach us more useful lessons than the beaver4 ,illustration ,they are very timid animals4 ,if we went to places where they are common1 it would be very difficult to find them and see what they do4 ,the beaver is between two and three feet long1 and one foot high1 and is covered with brown hair4 ,its eyes are very small and far apart2 its ears also are small and its nose blunt4 ,it has very strong1 sharp teeth1 and a long tail shaped somewhat like the blade of an oar4 ,this tail has no hair or fur on it1 but is covered with little scales like those of a fish4 ,the hind feet of the beaver have a thin skin between the toes4 ,this shows that the beaver is fitted for swimming4 ,during the summer these animals live in holes near the banks of rivers4 ,they are very social animals4 ,they never live alone4 ,they usually go in parties1 and build a little 8beaver town40 ,they have some means of making known their wants to each other4 ,they know they will be safer in water than on land1 so they try to find a pond where they can build their town4 ,if they can not do this1 they will choose a running stream with some trees on the banks4 ,the first thing they do1 is to make a dam1 right across the stream4 ,they have neither saws nor hatchets with which to cut down the trees2 but they use their sharp1 strong teeth1 and gnaw and gnaw away1 until they bring down tree after tree4 ,these little wood-cutters know very well how to do this2 otherwise the trees might fall and kill them4 ,when they have gnawed nearly through the trunk1 away they run to see if the tree is beginning to bend4 ,if it is still straight1 they set to work again2 but the moment they hear it crack1 off they run to keep out of danger4 ,when the tree is down1 they gnaw off all the branches in the same way1 and then cut the trunk into short pieces1 and roll them down to the water's edge4 ,then they go to work at another tree1 and still another1 until they have cut down all they want4 ,these logs of wood1 kept in their places by mud and stones1 make a dam1 and this dam stops the water and causes it to rise around their houses and cover the openings which are at the bottom1 and helps to keep them safe from danger4 ,then the houses are built of mud1 stones1 sticks1 and small branches twined in and out to keep them fast4 ,these houses are several feet high and are very thick4 ,there are two rooms in them1 one at the bottom1 under water1 which they use for a store-room1 and the other1 at the top1 above the water1 for a living-room4 ,the floor of this room is covered with soft moss4 ,but these wise beavers know that they must have a store of food for the winter1 as well as a snug little house to live in4 ,they gather logs of wood and branches1 and put them away in their store-room4 ,the bark of these logs and some water plants supply them with food4 ,when they are 8at home0 during the winter months in their 8beaver town10 they always have a sentinel to keep watch1 and if any one comes near1 he gives the alarm by striking the water with his broad1 flat tail4 ,there are no idle beavers4 ,they not only work hard1 but with great skill and care4 ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,useful lessons4--#b4 ,where they are common4--#c4 ,the blade of an oar4--#d4 ,social animals4--#e4 ,usually go in parties4--#f4 ,right across the stream4--#g4 ,if it is still straight4--#h4 ,stops the water4--#i4 ,twined in and out4--#aj4 ,for a living-room4--#aa4 ,a store of food4--#ab4 ,he gives the alarm4--#ac4 ,supply them with food4--#ad4 ,they have a sentinel to keep watch4--#ae4 ,work with great skill and care4 ,,xl4--,,the ,,angel',s ,,whisper4 ,,samuel ,,lover4 ,a superstition of great beauty prevails in ,ireland1 that when a child smiles in its sleep it is #8talking with angels4'--,,lover4 ,a baby was sleeping1 ,its mother was weeping1 ,for her husband was far on the wild raging sea2 ,and the tempest was swelling ,round the fisherman's dwelling1 ,and she cried1 8,dermot1 darling1 oh come back to me60 ,her beads while she numbered1 ,the baby still slumbered1 ,and smiled in her face as she bended her knee3 8,oh1 blessed be that warning1 ,my child1 thy sleep adorning1 ,for ,i know that the angels are whispering with thee4 8,and while they are keeping ,bright watch o'er thy sleeping1 ,oh1 pray to them softly1 my baby1 with me6 ,and say thou would'st rather ,they'd watch o'er thy father6-- ,for ,i know that the angels are whispering with thee40 ,the dawn of the morning ,saw ,dermot returning1 ,and the wife wept with joy her babe's father to see2 ,and closely caressing ,her child1 with a blessing1 ,said1 8,i knew that the angels were whispering with thee40 ,,xli4--,,the ,,rapid4 ,,charles ,,sangster4 ,all peacefully gliding1 the waters dividing1 ,the indolent batteau moved slowly along2 ,the rowers1 light-hearted1 from sorrow long parted1 ,beguiled the dull moments with laughter and song3 8,hurrah for the ,rapid6 that merrily1 merrily ,gambols and leaps on its tortuous way2 ,soon1 we will enter it1 cheerily1 cheerily1 ,pleased with its freshness1 and wet with its spray40 ,more swiftly careering1 the wild ,rapid nearing1 ,they dash down the stream like a terrified steed2 ,the surges delight them1 no terrors affright them1 ,their voices keep pace with their quickening speed3 8,hurrah for the ,rapid6 that merrily1 merrily ,shivers its arrows against us in play2 ,now we have entered it1 cheerily1 cheerily1 ,our spirits as light as its feathery spray40 ,fast downward they're dashing1 each fearless eye flashing1 ,though danger awaits them on every side2 ,yon rock--see it frowning6 they strike--they are drowning6 ,but downward they speed with the merciless tide4 ,no voice cheers the ,rapid1 that angrily1 angrily ,shivers their bark in its maddening play2 ,gaily they entered it--heedlessly1 recklessly1 ,mingling their lives with its treacherous spray6 ,,xlii4--,a ,,narrow ,,escape4 ,in #ahdc1 ,livingstone1 the celebrated traveller1 settled as a missionary in ,mabtosa1 a beautiful valley in ,south ,africa4 ,here he met with an adventure which nearly terminated his earthly career4 ,the natives of ,mabtosa had long been troubled by lions1 which invaded their cattle-pens by night1 and even attacked the herds during the day4 ,these poor people1 being very ignorant and superstitious1 thought that the inroads of the lions were caused by witchcraft4 ,it was perhaps for this reason that all their attempts to drive away the animals were feeble and faint-hearted1 and therefore unsuccessful4 ,it is well known that a troop of lions will not remain long in any district where one of their number has been killed4 ,so the next time the herds of ,mabtosa were attacked1 ,livingstone went out with the natives to encourage them to destroy one of the marauders1 and thus free themselves from the whole troop4 ,they found the lions on a small hill covered with wood4 ,the hunters placed themselves in a circle round the hill1 and began to ascend1 coming gradually closer to each other as they approached the summit4 ,livingstone remained1 along with a native teacher1 on the plain below1 to watch the manuvres of the party4 ,his companion1 seeing one of the lions sitting on a piece of rock within the circle of hunters1 took aim and fired2 but the ball only struck the stones at the animal's feet4 ,with a roar of rage the fierce brute bounded away1 broke through the ring1 and escaped unhurt1 the natives not having the courage to stand close and spear him as he passed4 ,the band again closed in and resumed their march4 ,there were still two lions in the wood1 and it was hoped that fortune would favor a second attempt to destroy one of them4 ,but suddenly a terrific roar echoed from the hill1 and the timid hunters quaked with fear4 ,first one of the lions1 and then the other1 with streaming manes and glaring eyes1 rushed down through the wavering ranks1 and bounded away1 free to continue their devastations4 ,as the party were returning home1 bewailing their want of success1 ,livingstone observed one of the lions about thirty yards in front1 sitting on a rock behind a bush4 ,raising his gun1 he took steady aim1 and discharged both barrels into the thicket4 8,he is shot6 ,he is shot60 was the joyful cry2 and some of the men were about to rush in and despatch the wounded beast with their spears4 ,but ,livingstone1 seeing the lion's tail erected in anger1 warned them to keep back until he had fired a second time4 ,he was just in the act of reloading1 when1 hearing a shout of terror1 he looked round and saw the lion preparing to spring4 ,it was too late to retreat4 ,with a savage growl the frenzied animal seized him by the shoulder1 and shook him as a terrier shakes a rat4 ,the shock caused a momentary anguish1 followed by a sort of drowsiness1 in which he had no sense of pain nor feeling of terror1 though he knew all that was happening4 ,illustration ,the lion's paw was resting on the back of his head1 and as he turned round to relieve himself of the pressure1 he saw the creature's fiery eyes directed to the native teacher1 who1 at a distance of ten or fifteen yards1 was making ready to shoot4 ,the gun missed fire in both barrels2 and the lion sprang at his new assailant1 and bit him in the thigh4 ,another man also1 who was standing near1 was severely bitten in the shoulder2 but at this moment the bullets took effect1 and the huge beast fell back dead4 ,all this occurred in a few seconds3 the death-blow had been inflicted before the animal sprang upon his assailants4 ,livingstone's arm was wounded in eleven places1 and the bone crushed into splinters2 and the injuries might have proved fatal but for his tartan jacket1 which wiped the poison from the lion's teeth before they entered the flesh4 ,it was long ere the wounds healed1 and all through life the intrepid missionary bore the marks of this dreadful encounter4 ,thirty years afterwards1 when his noble and useful career had ended among the swamps of ,central ,africa1 and his remains were taken to ,england to be interred in ,westminster ,abbey1 the crushed and mangled arm was one of the marks which enabled his sorrowing friends in that country to identify the body as that of ,david ,livingstone4 ,word ,exercise4 resumed 7re-zmd7 ,west min-ster in-trepid -dnt-fy dv-as-ttions marauders 7ma-rawders7 as-sailants gno-rant s-per-sttious 7-stishus7 be-wailing ,mab-tsa drowsi-ness ad-venture ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,settled as a missionary4--#b4 ,terminated his earthly career4--#c4 ,attacked the herds4--#d4 ,feeble and faint-hearted4--#e4 ,to watch the manuvres4--#f4 ,a terrific roar echoed from the hill4--#g4 ,quaked with fear4--#h4 ,streaming manes4--#i4 ,wavering ranks4--#aj4 ,bewailing their want of success4--#aa4 ,steady aim4--#ab4 ,discharged both barrels4--#ac4 ,a shout of terror4--#ad4 ,momentary anguish4--#ae4 ,dreadful encounter4 ,,xliii4--,,the ,,fairies ,,of ,,caldon-,,low4 ,a ,,midsummer ,,legend4 ,,mary ,,howitt4 ,illustration 8,and where have you been1 my ,mary4 ,and where have you been from me80 8,i've been to the top of the ,caldon-,low1 ,the ,midsummer night to see60 8,and what did you see1 my ,mary1 ,all up on the ,caldon-,low80 8,i saw the blithe sunshine come down1 ,and ,i saw the merry winds blow40 8,and what did you hear1 my ,mary1 ,all up on the ,caldon ,hill80 8,i heard the drops of the water made1 ,and the green corn ears to fill40 8,oh1 tell me all1 my ,mary-- ,all1 all that ever you know2 ,for you must have seen the fairies1 ,last night on the ,caldon-,low40 8,then take me on your knee1 mother1 ,and listen1 mother of mine3 ,a hundred fairies danced last night1 ,and the harpers they were nine4 8,and merry was the glee of the harp-strings1 ,and their dancing feet so small2 ,but1 oh1 the sound of their talking ,was merrier far than all60 8,and what were the words1 my ,mary1 ,that you did hear them say80 8,i'll tell you all1 my mother-- ,but let me have my way6 8,and some they played with the water1 ,and rolled it down the hill2 #8,and this' they said1 #8shall speedily turn ,the poor old miller's mill2 8#8,for there has been no water ,ever since the first of ,may2 ,and a busy man shall the miller be ,by the dawning of the day6 8#8,oh1 the miller1 how he will laugh1 ,when he sees the mill-dam rise6 ,the jolly old miller1 how he will laugh1 ,till the tears fill both his eyes6' 8,and some they seized the little winds1 ,that sounded over the hill1 ,and each put a horn into his mouth1 ,and blew so sharp and shrill3-- 8#8,and there1' said they1 #8the merry winds go1 ,away from every horn2 ,and those shall clear the mildew dank ,from the blind old widow's corn3 8#8,oh1 the poor1 blind old widow-- ,though she has been blind so long1 ,she'll be merry enough when the mildew's gone1 ,and the corn stands stiff and strong6' 8,and some they brought the brown lintseed1 ,and flung it down from the ,low-- #8,and this1' said they1 #8by the sunrise1 ,in the weaver's croft shall grow6 8#8,oh1 the poor1 lame weaver1 ,how he will laugh outright1 ,when he sees his dwindling flax-field ,all full of flowers by night6' 8,and then upspoke a brownie1 ,with a long beard on his chin-- #8,i have spun up all the tow1' said he1 #8,and ,i want some more to spin4 8#8,i've spun a piece of hempen cloth1 ,and ,i want to spin another-- ,a little sheet for ,mary's bed1 ,and an apron for her mother6' 8,and with that ,i could not help but laugh1 ,and ,i laughed out loud and free2 ,and then on the top of the ,caldon-,low ,there was no one left but me4 8,and all1 on the top of the ,caldon-,low1 ,the mists were cold and gray1 ,and nothing ,i saw but the mossy stones ,that round about me lay4 8,but1 as ,i came down from the hill-top1 ,i heard1 afar below1 ,how busy the jolly miller was1 ,and how merry the wheel did go6 8,and ,i peeped into the widow's field2 ,and sure enough were seen ,the yellow ears of the mildewed corn ,all standing stiff and green4 8,and down by the weaver's croft ,i stole1 ,to see if the flax were high2 ,but ,i saw the weaver at his gate ,with the good news in his eye6 8,now1 this is all ,i heard1 mother1 ,and all that ,i did see2 ,so1 prithee1 make my bed1 mother1 ,for ,i'm tired as ,i can be60 ,,xliv4--,,volcanoes4 ,illustration ,in various parts of the earth1 there are mountains that send out from their highest peaks1 smoke1 ashes1 and fire4 ,mountains of this class are called volcanoes1 and they present a striking contrast to other mountains1 on account of their conical form and the character of the rocks of which they are composed4 ,all volcanoes have at their summits what are called craters4 ,these are large1 hollow1 circular openings1 from which the smoke and fire escape4 ,nearly all volcanoes emit smoke constantly4 ,this smoke proceeds from fires that are burning far down in the depths of the earth4 ,sometimes these fires burst forth from the crater of the volcano with tremendous force4 ,the smoke becomes thick and black1 and lurid flames shoot up to a height of hundreds of feet1 making a scene of amazing grandeur4 ,with the flames there are thrown out stones1 ashes1 and streams of melted rock called lava4 ,this lava flows down the sides of the mountain1 and1 being red hot1 destroys everything with which it comes in contact4 ,at such times1 a volcano is said to be in eruption4 ,such is the force of some of these eruptions1 that large rocks have been hurled to great distances from the crater1 and towns and cities have been buried under a vast covering of ashes and lava4 ,the quantity of lava and ashes which sometimes escapes from volcanoes during an eruption1 is almost beyond comprehension4 ,in #aggb1 a volcano in the island of ,java1 threw out ashes and cinders that covered the ground fifty feet deep1 for a distance of seven miles all around the mountain4 ,this eruption destroyed nearly forty towns and villages4 ,in #aghc1 a volcano in ,iceland sent out two streams of lava2 one forty miles long and seven miles wide1 and the other fifty miles long and fifteen miles wide4 ,these streams were from one hundred to six hundred feet deep4 ,near the city of ,naples1 in ,italy1 is situated the volcano ,mt4 ,vesuvius4 ,this fiery monster has probably caused more destruction than any other volcano known4 ,in the year #gi1 ,a4,d41 it suddenly burst forth in a violent eruption1 that resulted in one of the most appalling disasters that ever happened4 ,such immense quantities of ashes1 stones1 and lava were poured forth from its crater1 that within twenty hours1 two large cities were completely destroyed4 ,these cities were ,herculaneum and ,pompeii4 ,at this eruption of ,vesuvius1 the stream of lava flowed directly through and over the city of ,herculaneum into the sea4 ,the quantity was so great that1 as it cooled and became hardened1 it gradually filled up all the streets and ran over the tops of the houses4 ,while the lava was thus turning the city into a mass of solid stone1 the inhabitants were fleeing from it along the shore toward ,naples1 and in boats on the sea4 ,at the same time1 too1 the wind carried the ashes and cinders in such a direction as to deluge the city of ,pompeii4 ,slowly and steadily the immense volume of ashes and small stones1 blocked up the streets and settled on the roofs of the houses4 ,the light of the flames that burst out from the awful crater1 aided the people in their escape2 but many who for some reason could not get away1 perished4 ,pompeii was so completely covered that nothing could be seen of it4 ,thus it remained1 buried under the ground1 until the year #agdh1 when it was discovered by accident4 ,since that time much of the city has been uncovered1 and now one can walk along the streets1 look into the houses1 and form some idea how the people lived there eighteen hundred years ago4 ,,xlv4--,a ,,small ,,catechism4 ,,thomas ,d',,arcy ,,mcgee4 ,why are children's eyes so bright8 ,tell me why6 ',tis because the infinite ,which they've left1 is still in sight1 ,and they know no earthly blight1-- ,therefore 'tis their eyes are bright4 ,why do children laugh so gay8 ,tell me why6 ',tis because their hearts have play ,in their bosoms1 every day1 ,free from sin and sorrow's sway1-- ,therefore 'tis they laugh so gay4 ,why do children speak so free8 ,tell me why6 ',tis because from fallacy1 ,cant1 and seeming1 they are free2 ,hearts1 not lips1 their organs be1-- ,therefore 'tis they speak so free4 ,why do children love so true8 ,tell me why6 ',tis because they cleave unto ,a familiar1 favorite few1 ,without art or self in view1-- ,therefore children love so true4 ,,xlvi4--,,curious ,,birds' ,,nests4 ,among the most curious nests are those made by the birds called weavers4 ,these feathered workmen serve no apprenticeship3 their trade comes to them by nature2 and how well they work at it6 ,but then you must admit that ,nature is a skilful teacher and birds are apt scholars4 ,the ,baltimore oriole is a weaver1 and it makes its nest out of bark1 fine grass1 moss1 and wool1 strengthening it1 when circumstances permit1 with pieces of string or horsehair4 ,this nest1 pouch-shaped1 and open at the top1 is fastened to the branch of a tree1 and is sometimes interwoven with the twigs of a waving bough4 ,the threads of grass and long fibres of moss1 are woven together1 in and out1 as if by machinery2 and it seems hard to believe that the little birds can do such work without help4 ,the long1 slender boughs of the willow are the favorite resort of the oriole2 and here1 in the midst of a storm1 the bird may sit in its swinging nest1 fearing no danger4 ,what is there to dread8 ,the trees rock in the wind1 but the oriole's habitation is strong and well secured4 ,unless the branch from which the nest hangs be torn from the tree1 the nest will endure the tempest and prove a safe shelter for the blithe little bird4 ,many weaver-birds in ,asia and ,africa hang their nests from the ends of twigs and branches overhanging the water4 ,this is to keep away monkeys and snakes1 which abound in hot countries and are the greatest enemies birds have4 ,the wise little weaver knows that the cunning monkey will not trust his precious life to a frail branch that may break1 and drop him into the water2 yet the same frail branch is strong enough for the bird and its nest4 ,in this case1 the monkey is obliged to admit that the bird's wisdom is more than a match for his4 ,illustration ,a very curious custom exists among a class of birds found in ,africa1 called 8the social weavers40 ,they begin their work in companies1 and build immense canopies1 like umbrellas1 in the tops of trees4 ,these grassy structures are so closely woven that the rain cannot penetrate them4 ,under this shelter the birds build their nests1 but no longer in company2 the nest for each pair must be made by the pair without assistance from their neighbors4 ,the tailor-bird of ,india makes a still more curious nest than that of the weavers3 it actually sews1 using its long1 slender bill as a needle4 ,birds that fly1 birds that run1 birds that swim1 and birds that sing are by no means rare2 but birds that sew seem like the wonderful birds in the fairy-tales4 ,yet they really exist1 and make their odd nests with great care and skill4 ,they pick out a leaf large enough for their nest1 and pierce rows of holes along the edges with their sharp bill2 then1 with the fibres of a plant or long threads of grass1 they sew the leaf up into a bag4 ,sometimes it is necessary to sew two leaves together1 that the space within may be large enough4 ,this kind of sewing resembles shoemakers' or saddlers' work2 but1 the leaf being like fine cloth and not like leather1 perhaps the name 8tailor-bird0 is the most appropriate for the little worker4 ,the bag is lined with soft1 downy material1 and in this the tiny eggs are laid--tiny indeed1 for the tailor-bird is no larger than the humming-bird4 ,the weight of the little creature does not even draw down the nest1 and the leaf in which the eggs or young birds are hidden looks like the other leaves on the trees2 so that there is nothing to attract the attention of the forest robbers4 ,another bird1 called the ,indian sparrow1 makes her nest of grass1 woven like cloth and shaped like a bottle4 ,the neck of the bottle hangs downward1 and the bird enters from below4 ,this structure1 swinging from a high tree1 over a river1 is safe from the visits of mischievous animals4 ,if all the stories about this ,indian sparrow are true1 the inside of its nest is strangely adorned4 ,fire-flies are brought in by the bird and stuck to the walls with clay2 whether they are placed there to light up the little home1 or to dazzle the bats that infest the neighborhood1 no one seems to know4 ,perhaps the truth is that the fire-flies are in the nest in imagination only4 ,however that may be1 the ,indian sparrow is a clever workman4 ,can you wonder that birds and their nests have always been a source of delight to the thoughtful enquirer8 8,mark it well--within1 without4 ,no tool had he that wrought1 no knife to cut1 ,no nail to fix1 no bodkin to insert1 ,no glue to join3 his little beak was all4 ,and yet how neatly finished6 ,what nice hand1 ,with every implement and means of art1 ,and twenty years' apprenticeship to boot4 ,could make me such another80 ,word ,exercise4 ori-le cno-pies fvor-te as-sstance monkey 7mngke7 en-qurer apprentice 7ap-prntis7 mischievous 7msche-vs7 machinery 7ma-shner-e7 ,baltimore 7bawlti-more7 nes-sa-ry ap-prpri-te um-brllas imple-mnt circum-stance ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,apt scholars4--#b4 ,endure the tempest4--#c4 ,obliged to admit4--#d4 ,a curious custom exists4--#e4 ,downy material4--#f4 ,attract the attention4--#g4 ,strangely adorned4--#h4 ,infest the neighborhood4--#i4 ,clever workman4--#aj4 ,source of delight4--#aa4 ,thoughtful enquirer4--#ab4 ,mark it well4--#ac4 ,neatly finished4--#ad4 ,with apprenticeship to boot4 ,,xlvii4--,,lord ,,ullin',s ,,daughter4 ,,campbell4 ,illustration ,a chieftain1 to the ,highlands bound1 ,cries1 8,boatman1 do not tarry6 ,and ,i'll give thee a silver pound1 ,to row us o'er the ferry40 8,now1 who be ye1 would cross ,lochgyle1 ,this dark and stormy water80 8,oh6 ,i'm the chief of ,ulva's ,isle1 ,and this ,lord ,ullin's daughter4 8,and fast before her father's men ,three days we've fled together1 ,for should he find us in the glen1 ,my blood would stain the heather4 8,his horsemen hard behind us ride2 ,should they our steps discover1 ,then who would cheer my bonny bride1 ,when they have slain her lover80 ,out spoke the hardy ,highland wight1 8,i'll go1 my chief--,i'm ready3 ,it is not for your silver bright1 ,but for your winsome lady3 8,and1 by my word6 the bonny bird ,in danger shall not tarry2 ,so1 though the waves are raging white1 ,i'll row you o'er the ferry40 ,by this the storm grew loud apace1 ,the water-wraith was shrieking2 ,and1 in the scowl of heaven1 each face ,grew dark as they were speaking4 ,but still1 as wilder blew the wind1 ,and as the night grew drearer1 ,adown the glen rode armd men1 ,their trampling sounded nearer4 8,o haste thee1 haste60 the lady cries1 8,though tempests round us gather1 ,i'll meet the raging of the skies1 ,but not an angry father40 ,the boat has left a stormy land1 ,a stormy sea before her-- ,when1 oh6 too strong for human hand1 ,the tempest gathered o'er her4 ,and still they rowed amidst the roar ,of waters fast prevailing2 ,lord ,ullin reached that fatal shore-- ,his wrath was changed to wailing4 ,for sore dismayed1 through storm and shade1 ,his child he did discover3 ,one lovely arm she stretched for aid1 ,and one was round her lover4 8,come back6 come back60 he cried1 in grief1 8,across this stormy water2 ,and ,i'll forgive your ,highland chief1 ,my daughter6--,oh6 my daughter60 ',twas vain3 the loud waves lashed the shore1 ,return or aid preventing3 ,the waters wild went o'er his child-- ,and he was left lamenting4 ,,xlviii4--,,to ,,an ,,early ,,primrose4 ,,henry ,,kirke ,,white4 ,mild offspring of a dark and sullen sire6 ,whose modest form1 so delicately fine1 ,was nursed in whirling storms1 ,and cradled in the winds3 ,thee1 when young ,spring first questioned ,winter's sway1 ,and dared the sturdy blusterer to the fight1 ,thee on this bank he threw ,to mark his victory4 ,in this low vale1 the promise of the year1 ,serene1 thou openest to the nipping gale1 ,unnoticed and alone1 ,thy tender elegance4 ,so virtue blooms1 brought forth amid the storms ,of chill adversity2 in some lone walk ,of life she rears her head1 ,obscure and unobserved2 ,while every bleaching breeze that on her blows ,chastens her spotless purity of breast1 ,and hardens her to bear ,serene the ills of life4 ,,xlix4--,,the ,,whistle4 ,,benjamin ,,franklin4 ,when ,i was a child1 seven years old1 my friends1 on a holiday1 filled my pockets with coppers4 ,i went directly toward a shop where they sold toys for children2 and1 being charmed with the sound of a whistle that ,i met by the way in the hands of another boy1 ,i voluntarily offered him all my money for it4 ,i then returned home1 and went whistling all over the house1 much pleased with my whistle1 but disturbing all the family4 ,my brothers1 and sisters1 and cousins1 understanding the bargain ,i had made1 told me ,i had given four times as much for it as it was worth4 ,this put me in mind of what good things ,i might have bought with the rest of the money2 and they laughed at me so much for my folly that ,i cried with vexation4 ,this1 however1 was afterward of use to me1 the impression continuing on my mind2 so that often1 when ,i was tempted to buy some unnecessary thing1 ,i said to myself1 8,don't give too much for the whistle20 and so ,i saved my money4 ,as ,i grew up1 went into the world1 and observed the actions of men1 ,i thought ,i met with many1 very many1 who gave too much for their whistles4 ,when ,i saw any one too ambitious of the favor of the great1 wasting his time in attendance on public dinners1 sacrificing his repose1 his liberty1 his virtue1 and perhaps his friends1 to retain it1 ,i said to myself1 8,this man gives too much for his whistle40 ,when ,i saw another fond of popularity1 constantly employing himself in politics1 neglecting his own affairs1 and ruining them by that neglect1 8,he pays1 indeed10 said ,i1 8too much for his whistle40 ,if ,i knew a miser1 who gave up every kind of comfortable living1 all the pleasure of doing good to others1 all the esteem of his fellow-citizens1 and the joys of benevolent friendship1 for the sake of accumulating wealth1 8,poor man10 said ,i1 8you do indeed pay too much for your whistle40 ,when ,i met a man of pleasure1 sacrificing the improvement of his mind1 or of his fortune1 to mere bodily comfort1 8,mistaken man10 said ,i1 8you are providing pain for yourself1 instead of pleasure3 you give too much for your whistle40 ,if ,i saw one fond of fine clothes1 fine furniture1 fine horses1 all above his fortune1 for which he contracted debts1 and ended his career in prison1 8,alas60 said ,i1 8he has paid dear1 very dear1 for his whistle40 ,in short1 ,i believed that a great part of the miseries of mankind were brought upon them by the false estimates they had made of the value of things1 and by their giving too much for their whistles4 ,l4--,,bugle ,,song4 ,,tennyson4 ,the splendor falls on castle walls1 ,and snowy summits old in story2 ,the long light shakes across the lakes1 ,and the wild cataract leaps in glory4 ,blow1 bugle1 blow6 set the wild echoes flying ,blow1 bugle6 answer1 echoes1--dying1 dying1 dying4 ,o hark6 ,o hear6 how thin and clear1 ,and thinner1 clearer1 farther going6 ,o sweet and far1 from cliff and scar1 ,the horns of ,elfland faintly blowing6 ,blow6 let us hear the purple glens replying2 ,blow1 bugle6 answer1 echoes1--dying1 dying1 dying4 ,o love1 they die on yon rich sky2 ,they faint on hill1 or field1 or river3 ,our echoes roll from soul to soul1 ,and grow forever and forever4 ,blow1 bugle1 blow6 set the wild echoes flying1 ,and answer1 echoes1 answer1--dying1 dying1 dying4 ,,li4--,,the ,,inchcape ,,rock4 ,,robert ,,southey4 ,illustration ,no stir in the air1 no stir in the sea1 ,the ship was as still as she could be2 ,her sails from heaven received no motion1 ,her keel was steady in the ocean4 ,without either sign or sound of their shock1 ,the waves flowed over the ,inchcape ,rock2 ,so little they rose1 so little they fell1 ,they did not move the ,inchcape ,bell4 ,the pious ,abbot of ,aberbrothock ,had placed that bell on the ,inchcape ,rock2 ,on a buoy in the storm it floated and swung1 ,and over the waves its warning rung4 ,when the ,rock was hid by the surge's swell1 ,the mariners heard the warning bell2 ,and then they knew the perilous ,rock1 ,and blessed the ,abbot of ,aberbrothock4 ,the sun in heaven was shining gay2 ,all things were joyful on that day2 ,the sea-birds screamed as they wheeled round1 ,and there was joyance in their sound4 ,the buoy of the ,inchcape ,bell was seen1 ,a darker speck on the ocean green2 ,sir ,ralph the ,rover walked his deck1 ,and he fixed his eye on the darker speck4 ,he felt the cheering power of spring2 ,it made him whistle1 it made him sing3 ,his heart was mirthful to excess1 ,but the ,rover's mirth was wickedness4 ,his eye was on the ,inchcape float2 ,quoth he3 8,my men1 put out the boat1 ,and row me to the ,inchcape ,rock1 ,and ,i'll plague the ,abbot of ,aberbrothock40 ,the boat is lowered1 the boatmen row1 ,and to the ,inchcape ,rock they go2 ,sir ,ralph bent over from the boat1 ,and he cut the bell from the ,inchcape float4 ,down sank the bell1 with a gurgling sound1 ,the bubbles rose and burst around2 ,quoth ,sir ,ralph3 8,the next who comes to the ,rock ,won't bless the ,abbot of ,aberbrothock40 ,sir ,ralph the ,rover sailed away2 ,he scoured the seas for many a day2 ,and now1 grown rich with plundered store1 ,he steers his course for ,scotland's shore4 ,so thick a haze o'erspreads the sky ,they cannot see the sun on high2 ,the wind hath blown a gale all day1 ,at evening it hath died away4 ,on the deck the ,rover takes his stand2 ,so dark it is1 they see no land4 ,quoth ,sir ,ralph1 8,it will be lighter soon1 ,for there is the dawn of the rising moon40 8,canst hear10 said one1 8the breakers roar8 ,for methinks we should be near the shore40 8,now where we are ,i cannot tell1 ,but ,i wish we could hear the ,inchcape ,bell40 ,they hear no sound2 the swell is strong2 ,though the wind hath fallen1 they drift along1 ,till the vessel strikes with a shivering shock2 ,cried they3 8,it is the ,inchcape ,rock60 ,sir ,ralph the ,rover tore his hair1 ,he cursed himself in his despair3 ,the waves rush in on every side2 ,the ship is sinking beneath the tide4 ,but1 even in his dying fear1 ,one dreadful sound could the ,rover hear1-- ,a sound as if1 with the ,inchcape ,bell1 ,the fiends below were ringing his knell4 ,,lii4--,,the ,,flax4 ,,hans ,,christian ,,andersen4 ,the flax was in full bloom2 it had pretty little blue flowers as delicate as the wings of a moth1 or even more so4 ,the sun shone1 and the showers watered it2 and this was just as good for the flax as it is for little children to be washed and then kissed by their mother4 ,they look much prettier for it1 and so did the flax4 8,people say that ,i look exceedingly well10 said the flax1 8and that ,i am so fine and long1 that ,i shall make a beautiful piece of linen4 ,how fortunate ,i am6 it makes me so happy2 it is such a pleasant thing to know that something can be made of me4 ,how the sunshine cheers me1 and how sweet and refreshing is the rain6 my happiness overpowers me2 no one in the world can feel happier than ,i do40 ,one day some people came1 who took hold of the flax and pulled it up by the roots2 this was painful4 ,then it was laid in water as if they intended to drown it2 and1 after that1 placed near a fire as if it were to be roasted2 all this was very shocking4 8,we cannot expect to be happy always10 said the flax2 8by experiencing evil as well as good we become wise40 ,and certainly there was plenty of evil in store for the flax4 ,it was steeped1 and roasted1 and broken1 and combed2 indeed1 it scarcely knew what was done to it4 ,at last it was put on the spinning-wheel4 8,whirr1 whirr10 went the wheel so quickly that the flax could not collect its thoughts4 8,well1 ,i have been very happy10 he thought in the midst of his pain1 8and must be contented with the past20 and contented he remained till he was put on the loom1 and became a beautiful piece of white linen4 ,all the flax1 even to the last stalk1 was used in making this one piece4 8,how wonderful it is that1 after all ,i have suffered1 ,i am made something of at last2 ,i am the luckiest person in the world--so strong and fine2 and how white1 and what a length6 ,this is something different from being a mere plant and bearing flowers4 ,then ,i had no attention1 nor any water unless it rained4 ,now ,i am watched and taken care of4 ,every morning the maid turns me over1 and ,i have a shower-bath from the watering-pot every evening4 ,yes1 and the clergyman's wife noticed me1 and said ,i was the best piece of linen in the whole parish4 ,i cannot be happier than ,i am now40 ,after some time1 the linen was taken into the house1 placed under the scissors1 and cut and torn into pieces1 and then pricked with needles4 ,this certainly was not pleasant2 but at last it was made into garments4 8,see1 now1 then10 said the flax1 8,i have become something of importance4 ,this was my destiny2 it is quite a blessing4 ,now ,i shall be of some use in the world1 as every one ought to be2 it is the only way to be happy40 ,years passed away2 and at last the linen was so worn it could scarcely hold together4 8,it must end very soon10 said the pieces to each other4 8,we would gladly have held together a little longer1 but it is useless to expect impossibilities40 ,and at length they fell into rags and tatters1 and thought it was all over with them1 for they were torn to shreds1 and steeped in water1 and made into a pulp1 and dried1 and they knew not what besides1 till all at once they found themselves beautiful white paper4 8,well1 now1 this is a surprise2 a glorious surprise too10 said the paper4 8,i am now finer than ever1 and ,i shall be written upon1 and who can tell what fine things ,i may have written upon me8 ,this is wonderful luck60 ,and sure enough1 the most beautiful stories and poetry were written upon it1 and only once was there a blot1 which was very fortunate4 ,then people heard the stories and poetry read1 and it made them wiser and better2 for all that was written had a good and sensible meaning1 and a great blessing was contained in the words on the paper4 8,i never imagined anything like this10 said the paper1 8when ,i was only a little blue flower1 growing in the fields4 ,how could ,i fancy that ,i should ever be the means of bringing knowledge and joy to men8 ,i cannot understand it myself1 and yet it is really so4 ,heaven knows that ,i have done nothing myself1 but what ,i was obliged to do with my weak powers for my own preservation2 and yet ,i have been promoted from one joy and honor to another4 ,each time ,i think that the song is ended2 and then something higher and better begins for me4 ,i suppose now ,i shall be sent on my travels about the world1 so that people may read me4 ,it cannot be otherwise2 indeed it is more than probable2 for ,i have more splendid thoughts written upon me than ,i had pretty flowers in olden times4 ,i am happier than ever40 ,but the paper did not go on its travels4 ,it was sent to the printer1 and all the words written upon it were set up in type1 to make a book1 or rather hundreds of books2 for so many more persons could derive pleasure and profit from a printed book than from the written paper2 and if the paper had been sent about the world1 it would have been worn out before it had got half through its journey4 8,this is certainly the wisest plan10 said the written paper2 8,i really did not think of that4 ,i shall remain at home and be held in honor1 like some old grandfather1 as ,i really am to all these new books4 ,they will do some good4 ,i could not have wandered about as they do4 ,yet he who wrote all this has looked at me as every word flowed from his pen upon my surface4 ,i am the most honored of all40 ,then the paper was tied in a bundle with other papers1 and thrown into a tub that stood in the washhouse4 8,after work1 it is well to rest10 said the paper1 8and a very good opportunity this is to collect one's thoughts4 ,now ,i am able1 for the first time1 to think of my real condition2 and to know one's self is true progress4 ,what will be done with me now ,i wonder8 ,no doubt ,i shall still go forward40 ,now it happened one day that all the paper in the tub was taken out1 and laid on the hearth to be burnt4 ,people said it could not be sold at the shop1 to wrap up butter and sugar1 because it had been written upon4 ,the children in the house stood round the stove2 for they wanted to see the paper burn1 because it flamed up so prettily1 and afterwards1 among the ashes1 so many red sparks could be seen running one after the other1 here and there1 as quick as the wind4 ,they called it 8seeing the children come out of school10 and the last spark was the schoolmaster4 ,they often thought the last spark had come2 and one would cry1 8,there goes the schoolmaster20 but the next moment another spark would appear1 shining so beautifully4 ,how they would like to know where the sparks all went to6 ,perhaps we shall find out some day1 but we don't know now4 ,the whole bundle of paper had been placed on the fire1 and was soon alight4 8,ugh60 cried the paper1 as it burst into a bright flame2 8ugh60 ,it was certainly not very pleasant to be burning2 but when the whole was wrapped in flames1 the flames mounted up into the air1 higher than the flax had ever been able to raise its little blue flower2 and they glistened as the white linen never could have glistened4 ,all the written letters became quite red in a moment1 and all the words and thoughts turned into fire4 8,now ,i am mounting straight up to the sun10 said a voice in the flames2 and it was as if a thousand voices echoed the words2 and the flames darted up through the chimney1 and went out at the top4 ,then a number of tiny beings1 as many in number as the flowers on the flax had been1 and invisible to mortal eyes1 floated above them4 ,they were even lighter and more delicate than the flowers from which they were born2 and as the flames were extinguished1 and nothing remained of the paper but black ashes1 these little things danced upon it2 and whenever they touched it1 bright red sparks appeared4 ,,liii4--,,the ,,french ,,at ,,ratisbon4 ,,robert ,,browning4 ,illustration ,you know1 we ,french stormed ,ratisbon2 ,a mile or so away1 ,on a little mound1 ,napoleon ,stood on our storming day2 ,with neck out-thrust1 you fancy how1 ,legs wide1 arms locked behind1 ,as if to balance the prone brow ,oppressive with its mind4 ,just as perhaps he mused1 8,my plans ,that soar1 to earth may fall1 ,let once my army-leader1 ,lannes1 ,waver at yonder wall10-- ,out 'twixt the battery-smokes there flew ,a rider1 bound on bound ,full galloping2 nor bridle drew ,until he reached the mound4 ,then off there flung in smiling joy1 ,and held himself erect ,by just his horse's mane1 a boy3 ,you hardly could suspect1-- 7,so tight he kept his lips compressed1 ,scarce any blood came through17 ,you looked twice ere you saw his breast ,was all but shot in two4 8,well10 cried he1 8,emperor1 by ,god's grace ,we've got you ,ratisbon6 ,the ,marshal's in the market-place1 ,and you'll be there anon ,to see your flag-bird flap his vans ,where ,i1 to heart's desire1 ,perched him60 ,the chief's eye flashed2 his plans ,soared up again like fire4 ,the chief's eye flashed2 but presently ,softened itself1 as sheathes ,a film the mother-eagle's eye ,when her bruised eaglet breathes3 8,you're wounded60 8,nay10 his soldier's pride ,touched to the quick1 he said3 8,i'm killed1 ,sire60 ,and1 his chief beside1 ,smiling1 the boy fell dead4 ,,liv4--,,egypt ,,and ,,its ,,ruins4 ,illustration ,egypt embraces that part of ,africa occupied by the valley of the ,river ,nile4 ,for many centuries1 it was a thickly populated country1 and at one time possessed great influence and wealth1 and had reached an advanced state of civilization4 ,the history of ,egypt extends through a period of about six thousand years4 ,during this time great cities were built1 which flourished for hundreds of years4 ,owing to wars and changes of government1 many of these cities were destroyed1 and nothing of them now remains but massive and extensive ruins4 ,pyramids were built1 obelisks erected1 canals projected1 and many other vast enterprises were carried out4 ,remains of these are to be seen to-day1 some in ruins1 some fairly preserved1 and1 altogether1 they give the present generation an idea of the wealth and power of the different dynasties under which they were built4 ,not far from ,cairo1 which is now the principal city of ,egypt1 stand the famous pyramids4 ,these are of such immense proportions1 that from a distance their tops seem to reach the clouds4 ,they are constructed of great blocks of stone4 ,some of these are of great size1 and how the builders put them into their places1 is a question we cannot answer4 ,it is supposed that the construction of the largest pyramid required the labor of thousands of men1 for more than twenty years4 ,it is four hundred and sixty-one feet high1 seven hundred and forty-six feet long at the base1 and covers more than twelve acres of ground4 ,sixty-seven of these pyramids in all have been discovered and explored4 ,they are the tombs in which the kings of ancient ,egypt and their families were buried4 ,to contain their coffins1 which were made of stone1 many chambers were constructed in the interior of the pyramids4 ,it has been calculated that one of the principal pyramids could contain three thousand seven hundred rooms of large size4 ,the bodies of those who were buried in the pyramids were preserved from decay by a secret process1 which we call embalming1 and which was known only to the priests4 ,after the bodies were embalmed1 they were wrapped in bands of fine linen1 and on the inside of these was spread a peculiar kind of gum4 ,sometimes as many as a thousand yards of these bands were wrapped around a single body4 ,after the bandaged body was thus prepared1 a soft substance was placed around it4 ,when this covering hardened1 it kept the body in a state of complete preservation4 ,these coverings are now called mummy-cases1 and the bodies they enclose are called mummies4 ,the bodies were finally placed in huge stone coffins1 many of which were covered with curious carvings4 ,some mummies have been found1 that are said to be over three thousand years old4 ,but1 notwithstanding this great age1 when the wrappings are removed from them1 many of the bodies have been so well preserved1 that the features present the appearance which they had in life4 ,large numbers of mummies have been carried off to other countries and placed on exhibition in museums4 ,the ancient ,egyptians erected many obelisks in various parts of their country4 ,these were monuments made from single pieces of hard stone1 and in some cases they reached a height of more than a hundred feet4 ,they were placed before gateways leading to the principal temples and palaces1 and were covered with curious carvings1 which represented the language of the people at that time4 ,their written language was not composed of letters and words like our own2 but they used pictures of animals1 including birds1 and also pictures of human figures1 and other devices of a similar nature1 to express their thoughts and ideas4 ,these pictures are now called hieroglyphics4 ,until the year #agii1 scholars of modern nations were unable to read this strange language4 ,in that year1 however1 a stone tablet was discovered by a ,french engineer1 containing an inscription written in three different characters3--namely3 first1 in the hieroglyphics spoken of above2 second1 in a running hand also used by the ,egyptians2 and third1 in the well known letters of the ,greek alphabet4 ,by comparing the words of these inscriptions with many others1 the proper method of interpreting this peculiar language was ascertained4 ,it was then learned that the inscriptions on these obelisks were the records of memorable events1 and of the heroic deeds of ancient kings and heroes4 ,many of the obelisks have been taken from their positions in ,egypt and transported with great labor to other countries4 ,nearly two thousand years ago1 the ,roman ,emperors began to carry them to ,rome1 where they were set up in the public squares4 ,altogether1 nearly fifty of these remarkable monuments were taken away and set up in that city4 ,they were then1 and are still1 regarded as evidences of the wonderful ingenuity and skill of the ancients who first made them4 ,in late years1 obelisks have been taken to ,paris and ,london1 and more recently one has been brought to ,america1 and set up in ,central ,park in ,new ,york ,city4 ,this one belongs to the largest class1 being nearly seventy feet high and about eight feet square at the base4 ,in their large cities1 the ,egyptians built massive temples which were dedicated to religious ceremonies4 ,some of them1 although now in ruins1 are considered to be among the most remarkable productions of the ancients4 ,tourists who nowadays sail up the ,river ,nile and visit the site of the city of ,thebes1 the ancient capital of ,egypt1 are struck with amazement at the vast ruins surrounding them4 ,on the eastern side of the ,nile lies what is left of the temple of ,karnak4 ,imagine a long line of courts1 gateways1 and halls2 with here and there an obelisk rising above the ruins1 and shutting off the view of the forest of columns6 ,the temple is approached on every side by avenues and gateways of colossal grandeur4 ,it originally covered an area of two hundred and seventy acres1 enclosed within a wall of brick1 parts of which are still visible1 while the rest lie crumbled and broken4 ,it is difficult to realize the grand appearance of the thirty rows of stone columns standing within the wall4 ,some of those that are still perfect1 are capped with enormous monolith capitals1 and it is said that on one of them a hundred men could stand without crowding4 ,the hall itself is four hundred and twenty-two feet long by one hundred and sixty-five feet broad4 ,the stones of the ceiling are supported by one hundred and thirty-four columns4 ,the largest measures ten feet in diameter1 and more than seventy-two feet in height4 ,they are covered with carvings and paintings whose colors are still bright1 even after a lapse of forty centuries4 ,gazing on what he sees around him1 the traveller becomes lost in the effort to form some idea of the grandeur and vastness of the original4 ,word ,exercise4 ,cairo 7kro7 obe-lisk cpi-tals centu-ries co-lssal re-lgious 7re-ljus7 pro-prtions ,egypt mno-lth cre-mo-nies he-ric n-gi-neer 7n-ji-neer7 dynas-ties 7or dynas-ties7 mmo-ra-ble ve-nes prs-er-vtion 7z7 pyra-md ex-plred ddi-ct-ed h-e-ro-glyphics ,,lv4--,,to ,,my ,,mother4 ,,henry ,,kirke ,,white4 ,and canst thou1 mother1 for a moment think ,that we1 thy children1 when old age shall shed ,its blanching honors on thy weary head1 ,could from our best of duties ever shrink8 ,sooner the sun from his bright sphere shall sink1 ,than we ungrateful leave thee in that day ,to pine in solitude thy life away2 ,or shun thee tottering on the grave's cold brink4 ,banish the thought6--where'er our steps may roam1 ,o'er smiling plains1 or wastes without a tree1 ,still will fond memory point our hearts to thee1 ,and paint the pleasures of thy peaceful home2 ,while duty bids us all thy griefs assuage1 ,and smooth the pillow of thy sinking age4 ,,lvi4--,,zlobane4 ,,mrs4 ,,gustafson4 ,zlobane is the name of the mountain which was taken by storm from the ,zulus by the ,british forces on the morning of the #bhth of ,march1 #ahgi4 ,on the top of this mountain the victorious ,english troops1 who had unsaddled their horses and cast themselves down to rest1 were surprised and surrounded by the ,zulus4 ,of the ,british corps only one captain and six men escaped4 ,the young hero of the ballad was the son of ,colonel ,weatherly4 ,as swayeth in the summer wind ,the close and stalwart grain1 ,so moved the serried ,zulu shields ,that day on wild ,zlobane2 ,the white shield of the husband1 ,who hath twice need of life1 ,the black shield of the young chief1 ,who hath not yet a wife4 ,unrecking harm1 the ,british lay1 ,secure as if they slept1 ,while close on front and either flank ,the live1 black crescent crept4 ,then burst their wild and frightful cry ,upon the ,british ears1 ,with whirr of bullets1 glare of shields1 ,and flash of ,zulu spears4 ,uprose the ,british2 in the shock ,reeled but an instant2 then1 ,shoulder to shoulder1 faced the foe1 ,and met their doom like men4 ,but one was there whose heart was torn1 ,in a more awful strife2 ,he had the soldier's steady nerve1 ,and calm disdain of life2 ,yet now1 half turning from the fray1 ,knee smiting against knee1 ,he scanned the hills1 if yet were left ,an open way to flee4 ,not for himself4 ,his little son1 ,scarce thirteen summers born1 ,with hair that shone upon his brows ,like tassels of the corn1 ,and lips yet curled in that sweet pout ,shaped by the mother's breast1 ,stood by his side1 and silently ,to his brave father pressed4 ,the horse stood nigh2 the father kissed1 ,and tossed the boy astride4 8,farewell60 he cried1 8and for thy life1 ,that way1 my darling1 ride60 ,scarce touched the saddle ere the boy ,leaped lightly to the ground1 ,and smote the horse upon its flank1 ,that with a quivering bound ,it sprang and galloped for the hills1 ,with one sonorous neigh2 ,the fire flashed where its spurning feet ,clanged o'er the stony way4 8,father1 ,i'll die with you60 ,the sire ,as this he saw and heard1 ,turned1 and stood breathless in the joy ,and pang that knows no word4 ,once1 each1 as do long knitted friends1 ,upon the other smiled1 ,and then--he had but time to give ,a weapon to the child ,ere1 leaping o'er the ,british dead1 ,the supple ,zulus drew ,the cruel assegais1 and first ,the younger hero slew4 ,still grew the father's heart1 his eye ,bright with unflickering flame3 ,five ,zulus bit the dust in death ,by his unblenching aim4 ,then1 covered with uncounted wounds1 ,he sank beside his child1 ,and they who found them say1 in death ,each on the other smiled4 ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,stalwart grain4--#b4 ,serried shields4--#c4 ,unrecking harm4--#d4 ,the black crescent crept4--#e4 ,whirr of bullets4--#f4 ,reeled but an instant4--#g4 ,met their doom like men4--#h4 ,awful strife4--#i4 ,calm disdain of life4--#aj4 ,shone like tassels of the corn4--#aa4 ,sweet pout4--#ab4 ,quivering bound4--#ac4 ,spurning feet4--#ad4 ,unflickering flame4--#ae4 ,unblenching aim4 ,,lvii4--,,the ,,ruby-,,throated ,,humming-,,bird4 ,,audubon4 ,the most common1 as well as the most beautiful1 species of humming-birds1 is the ruby-throat1 a name given to it on account of the delicate metallic feathers1 which glow with ruby lustre on its throat1 gleaming in the sunshine like gems of living fire4 ,from the tip of the bill to that of the tail1 it measures about three and a half inches4 ,the upper part of the neck1 the back1 and the wing-coverts1 are of a resplendent and varied green and gold4 ,the breast and lower parts are white1 the wings purplish brown1 and the tail partly of the same color1 with the two middle tail-feathers of vivid green4 ,in the warm climate of the ,southern ,states1 the beautiful little ruby-throat is found throughout the winter2 and as the summer draws on1 the heat in the ,northern ,states and ,canada suiting its delicate constitution1 it migrates in large numbers1 appearing in ,canada towards the end of ,june4 ,the long flights of these tiny creatures are performed at night1 it is supposed1 as they are found feeding leisurely at all times of the day4 ,when passing through the air they move at a rapid rate1 in long undulations1 now rising for some distance at an angle of about forty degrees1 then falling in a curve4 ,small as they are1 from their rapid flight and meteor-like movements1 they do not fear the largest birds of prey2 for even should the lordly eagle venture into their domains1 the tiny creature will attack him without fear2 and one has been seen perched on the head of an eagle1 at which it was pecking away furiously1 scattering the feathers of the huge bird1 who flew screaming through the air with alarm1 to rid himself of his tiny assailant4 ,brave and high-spirited as is the little bird1 it is easily tamed2 and ,mr4 ,webber1 the naturalist1 succeeded in securing several specimens4 ,the first he caught did not flutter1 or make the least attempt to escape1 but remained quietly in his hand2 and he saw1 when he opened it1 the minute creature lying on his palm1 perfectly motionless1 feigning most skilfully to be dead4 ,as he watched it with breathless curiosity1 he saw it slowly open its bright little eyes to see whether the way was clear1 and then close them slowly as it caught his glance upon it4 ,when a mixture of sugar1 water1 and honey1 was brought1 and a drop placed on its bill1 it came very suddenly to life1 and in a moment was on its legs1 drinking with eager gusto of the refreshing draught from a silver teaspoon4 ,the nest of the ruby-throat is of a most delicate nature1 the external parts being formed of bits of a little grey lichen1 found on the branches of trees1 glued together by the saliva of the bird4 ,bits of lichen are also neatly arranged round the whole of the nest1 and to some distance from the spot where the nest is attached to the tree4 ,the interior is formed of a cottony substance1 and is lined with silky fibres obtained from various plants4 ,the difficulty of finding the little nests of the humming-birds is increased by a curious habit possessed by some of the species4 ,when they leave or approach their home1 they do so as if conscious that by the bright gleam of their plumage they may give an indication of the place of their nest4 ,rising perpendicularly until they are out of sight1 and then flying to the point under which their nest is placed1 they drop down upon it as perpendicularly as they ascended4 ,the eggs are only two in number1 and although somewhat larger than might be imagined from the size of the bird1 are very small indeed4 ,they are of a delicate1 slightly pink1 semi-transparent1 white color1 and have been well compared to pearls4 ,could you cast a momentary glance on the nest of a humming-bird1 and see1 as ,i have seen1 the newly hatched pair of young1 not much larger than humble-bees1 naked1 blind1 and so feeble as scarcely to be able to raise their little bills to receive food from their parents1 and could you see those parents full of anxiety and fear1 passing and repassing within a few inches of your face1 alighting on a twig not more than a yard from you1 and waiting the result of your unwelcome visit in a state of despair--you could not fail to be interested in such a display of parental affection4 ,then how pleasing it is1 on leaving the spot1 to see the returning joy of the parents1 when1 after examining the nest1 they find their nurslings untouched6 ,word ,exercise4 meteor 7mte-ur7 draught 7draft7 feigning 7fning7 lichen 7lken1 or lchen7 coverts 7kverts7 mgrates specimen 7spse-mn7 inter-est-ed as-sailant do-mains un-du-ltion dli-cate re-splndent ,,lviii4--,,trust ,,in ,,god ,,and ,,do ,,the ,,right4 ,,norman ,,macleod4 ,courage1 brother6 do not stumble2 ,though thy path be dark as night1 ,there's a star to guide the humble3 ,trust in ,god1 and do the right4 ,though the road be long and dreary1 ,and the goal be out of sight1 ,foot it bravely1 strong or weary3 ,trust in ,god1 and do the right4 ,perish1 policy and cunning1 ,perish1 all that fears the light3 ,whether losing1 whether winning1 ,trust in ,god1 and do the right4 ,fly all forms of guilty passion2 ,fiends can look like angels bright2 ,heed no custom1 school1 or fashion3 ,trust in ,god1 and do the right4 ,some will hate thee1 some will love thee1 ,some will flatter1 some will slight2 ,cease from ,man1 and look above thee3 ,trust in ,god1 and do the right4 ,simple rule and surest guiding1 ,inward peace and shining light2 ,star upon our path abiding3 ,trust in ,god1 and do the right4 ,,lix4--,,somebody',s ,,darling4 ,,marie ,,lacoste4 ,into a ward of the whitewashed walls1 ,where the dead and dying lay1 ,wounded by bayonets1 shells1 and balls1 ,somebody's darling was borne one day-- ,somebody's darling1 so young and so brave1 ,wearing yet on his pale1 sweet face1 ,soon to be hid by the dust of the grave1 ,the lingering light of his boyhood's grace4 ,matted and damp are the curls of gold1 ,kissing the snow of that fair young brow2 ,pale are the lips of delicate mould-- ,somebody's darling is dying now4 ,back from his beautiful1 blue-veined brow ,brush all the wandering waves of gold1 ,cross his hands on his bosom now1 ,somebody's darling is still and cold4 ,kiss him once for somebody's sake1 ,murmur a prayer soft and low2 ,one bright curl from its fair mates take1-- ,they were somebody's pride you know4 ,somebody's hand had rested there1-- ,was it a mother's1 soft and white8 ,and have the lips of a sister fair ,been baptized in those waves of light8 ,god knows best2 he has somebody's love2 ,somebody's heart enshrined him there2 ,somebody wafted his name above1 ,night and morn1 on the wings of prayer4 ,somebody wept when he marched away1 ,looking so handsome1 brave1 and grand2 ,somebody's kiss on his forehead lay1 ,somebody clung to his parting hand4 ,somebody's waiting and watching for him1 ,yearning to hold him again to the heart2 ,and there he lies with his blue eyes dim1 ,and the smiling1 childlike lips apart4 ,tenderly bury the fair young dead1 ,pausing to drop on his grave a tear2 ,carve on the wooden slab at his head1-- 8,somebody's darling slumbers here40 ,,lx4--,,song ,,from 8,,the ,,princess40 ,,tennyson4 ,home they brought her warrior dead3-- ,she nor swooned nor uttered cry3 ,all her maidens1 watching1 said1 8,she must weep1 or she will die40 ,then they praised him1 soft and low1 ,called him worthy to be loved1 ,truest friend and noblest foe2-- ,yet she neither spoke nor moved4 ,stole a maiden from her place1 ,lightly to the warrior stept1 ,took the face-cloth from the face2-- ,yet she neither moved nor wept4 ,rose a nurse of ninety years1 ,set his child upon her knee2-- ,like summer tempest came her tears-- 8,sweet my child1 ,i live for thee40 ,,lxi4--,,ants ,,and ,,their ,,slaves4 ,,michelet4 ,peter ,huber1 the son of the celebrated observer of the manners and habits of bees1 walking one day in a field near ,geneva1 saw on the ground a strong detachment of reddish-colored ants on the march1 and bethought himself of following them4 ,on the flanks of the column1 as if to dress its ranks1 a few sped to and fro in eager haste4 ,after marching for about a quarter of an hour1 they halted before an ant-hill belonging to some small black ants1 and a desperate struggle took place at its gates4 ,a small number of blacks offered a brave resistance2 but the great majority of the people thus assailed fled through the gates remotest from the scene of combat1 carrying away their young4 ,it was just these which were the cause of the strife1 what the blacks most feared being the theft of their offspring4 ,and soon the assailants1 who had succeeded in penetrating into the city1 might be seen emerging from it1 loaded with the young black progeny4 ,the red ants1 encumbered with their living booty1 left the unfortunate city in the desolation of its great loss1 and resumed the road to their own habitation1 whither their astonished and almost breathless observer followed them4 ,but how was his astonishment augmented when1 at the threshold of the red ants' community1 a small population of black ants came forward to receive the plunder1 welcoming with visible joy these children of their own race1 which would perpetuate it in the foreign lands6 ,this1 then1 is a mixed city1 where the strong warrior-ants live on a perfectly good understanding with the little blacks4 ,but what of the latter8 ,huber speedily discovered that1 in fact1 they do everything4 ,they alone build2 they alone bring up the young red ants and the captives of their own species2 they alone administer the affairs of the community1 provide its supplies of food1 and wait upon and feed their red masters1 who1 like great infant giants1 indolently allow their little attendants to feed them at the mouth4 ,no other occupations are theirs but war1 theft1 and kidnapping4 ,no other movements in the intervals than to wander about lazily1 and bask in the sunshine at the doors of their barracks4 ,huber made an experiment4 ,he was desirous of observing what would be the result if the great red ants found themselves without servants1--whether they would know how to supply their own wants4 ,he put a few into a glass case1 and put some honey for them in a corner1 so that they had nothing to do but to take it4 ,miserable the degradation1 cruel the punishment with which slavery afflicts the enslavers6 ,they did not touch it2 they seemed to know nothing2 they had become so grossly ignorant that they could no longer feed themselves4 ,some of them died from starvation1 with food before them6 ,huber1 to complete the experiment1 then introduced into the case one black ant4 ,the presence of this sagacious slave changed the face of things1 and re-established life and order4 ,he went straight to the honey1 and fed the great dying simpletons4 ,the little blacks in many things carry a moral authority whose signs are very visible4 ,they do not1 for example1 permit the great red ants to go out alone on useless expeditions1 but compel them to return into the city4 ,nor are they even at liberty to go out in a body1 if their wise little slaves do not think the weather favorable1 if they fear a storm1 or if the day is far advanced4 ,when an excursion proves unsuccessful1 and they return without children1 the little blacks are stationed at the gates of the city to forbid their ingress1 and send them back to the combat2 nay more1 you may see them take the cowards by the collar1 and force them to retrace their route4 ,these are astounding facts2 but they were seen1 as here described1 by our illustrious observer4 ,not being able to trust his eyes1 he summoned one of the greatest naturalists of ,sweden1 ,jurine1 to his side1 to make new investigations1 and decide whether he had been deceived4 ,this witness1 and others who afterwards pursued the same course of experiments1 found that his discoveries were entirely accurate4 ,yet after all these weighty testimonies1 ,i still doubted4 ,but on a certain occasion ,i saw it--with my own eyes saw it--in the park of ,fontainebleau4 ,i was accompanied by an illustrious philosopher1 an excellent observer1 and he too saw exactly what ,i saw4 ,it was half-past four in the afternoon of a very warm day4 ,from a pile of stones emerged a column of from four to five hundred red or reddish ants4 ,they marched rapidly towards a piece of turf1 kept in order by their sergeants or 8pivot-men10 whom we saw on the flanks1 and who would not permit any one to straggle4 7,this is a circumstance known to everyone who has seen a file of ants on the march47 ,suddenly the mass seemed to sink and disappear4 ,there was no sign of ant-hills in the turf2 but after a while we detected an almost imperceptible orifice1 through which we saw them vanish in less time than it takes me to write these words4 ,we asked ourselves if it was an entrance to their domicile2 if they had re-entered their city4 ,in a minute at the utmost they gave us a reply1 and showed us our mistake4 ,they issued in a throng1 each carrying a captive in its mandibles4 ,from the short time they had taken1 it was evident that they had a previous knowledge of the locality1 the place where the eggs were deposited1 the time when they were to assemble1 and the degree of resistance they had to expect4 ,perhaps it was not their first journey4 ,the little blacks on whom the red ants made this raid sallied out in considerable numbers2 and ,i truly pitied them4 ,they did not attempt to fight4 ,they seemed frightened and stunned4 ,they endeavored only to delay the red ants by clinging to them4 ,a red ant was thus stopped2 but another red one1 who was free1 relieved him of his burden1 and thereupon the black ant relaxed his grasp4 ,it was1 in fact1 a pitiful sight4 ,the blacks offered no serious resistance4 ,the five hundred ants succeeded in carrying off nearly three hundred children4 ,at two or three feet from the hole1 the blacks ceased to pursue them1 and resigned themselves to their fate4 ,all this did not occupy ten minutes between the departure and the return4 ,the two parties were very unequal4 ,it was very probably an outrage often repeated--a tyranny of the great1 who levied a tribute of children from their poor little neighbors4 ,,lxii4--,,the ,,gray ,,swan4 ,,alice ,,cary4 ,illustration 8,oh6 tell me1 sailor1 tell me true1 ,is my little lad1 my ,elihu1 ,a-sailing with your ship80 ,the sailor's eyes were dim with dew1-- 8,your little lad1 your ,elihu80 ,he said with trembling lip1-- 8,what little lad8 ,what ship80 8,what little lad8 as if there could be ,another such a one as he6 ,what little lad1 do you say8 ,why1 ,elihu1 that took to sea ,the moment ,i put him off my knee6 ,it was just the other day ,the ,gray ,swan sailed away60 8,the other day80 ,the sailor's eyes ,stood open with a great surprise3-- 8,the other day8--,the ,swan80 ,his heart began in his throat to rise4 8,ay1 ay1 sir6 here in the cupboard lies ,the jacket he had on60 8,and so your lad is gone80 8,gone with the ,swan60--8,and did she stand ,with her anchor clutching hold of the sand1 ,for a month and never stir80 8,why1 to be sure6 ,i've seen from the land ,like a lover kissing his lady's hand1 ,the wild sea kissing her1-- ,a sight to remember1 sir60 8,but1 my good mother1 do you know ,all this was twenty years ago8 ,i stood on the ,gray ,swan's deck1 ,and to that lad ,i saw you throw 7,taking it off1 as it might be1 so7 ,the kerchief from your neck10-- 8,ay1 and he'll bring it back60 8,and did the little lawless lad1 ,that has made you sick1 and made you sad1 ,sail with the ,gray ,swan's crew80 8,lawless6 ,the man is going mad6 ,the best boy mother ever had3-- ,be sure he sailed with the crew6 ,what would you have him do80 8,and he has never written line1 ,nor sent you word1 nor made you sign1 ,to say he was alive80 8,hold6 if 'twas wrong1 the wrong is mine2 ,besides1 he may be in the brine2 ,and could he write from the grave8 ,tut1 man6 ,what would you have80 8,gone twenty years1--a long1 long cruise1 ',twas wicked thus your love to abuse6 ,but if the lad still live1 ,and come back home1 think you1 you can ,forgive him80--8,miserable man6 ,you're mad as the sea2 you rave1-- ,what have ,i to forgive80 ,the sailor twitched his shirt of blue2 ,and from within his bosom drew ,the kerchief4 ,she was wild4 8,oh ,god1 my ,father6 is it true8 ,my little lad1 my ,elihu6 ,and is it--is it--is it you8 ,my blessed boy1 my child1 ,my dead1 my living child60 99 99 99 99 99 ,my heart leaps up when ,i behold ,a rainbow in the sky3 ,so was it when my life began2 ,so is it now ,i am a man2 ,so be it when ,i shall grow old1 ,or let me die6 ,the child is father of the man2 ,and ,i could wish my days to be ,bound each to each by natural piety4 --,wordsworth4 ,,lxiii4--,,the ,,capture ,,of ,a ,,whale4 ,,cooper4 8,tom10 cried ,barnstable1 starting1 8there is the blow of a whale60 8,ay1 ay1 sir60 returned the cockswain with undisturbed composure3 8here is his spout1 not half a mile to seaward4 ,the easterly gale has driven the creature to leeward2 and he begins to find himself in shoal water4 ,he's been sleeping while he should have been working to windward40 8,the fellow takes it coolly1 too4 ,he's in no hurry to get an offing40 8,i rather conclude1 sir10 said the cockswain1 rolling over his tobacco in his mouth very composedly1 while his little sunken eyes began to twinkle with pleasure at the sight1 8the gentleman has lost his reckoning1 and doesn't know which way to head to take himself back into blue water40 8',tis a fin-back60 exclaimed the lieutenant4 8,he will soon make headway1 and be off40 8,no1 sir1 'tis a right whale10 answered ,tom2 8,i saw his spout4 ,he threw up a pair of as pretty rainbows as one could wish to see4 ,he's a real oil-butt1 that fellow60 ,barnstable laughed1 and exclaimed in joyous tones1--8,give strong way1 my hearties6 ,there seems nothing better to be done2 let us have a stroke of a harpoon at that impudent rascal40 ,the men shouted spontaneously2 and the old cockswain suffered his solemn visage to relax into a small laugh1 while the whale-boat sprang forward like a courser for the goal4 ,during the few minutes they were pulling toward their game1 ,long ,tom arose from his crouching attitude in the stern-sheets1 and transferred his huge frame to the bows of the boat1 where he made such preparations to strike the whale as the occasion required4 ,the tub1 containing about half a whale line1 was placed at the feet of ,barnstable1 who had been preparing an oar to steer with in place of the rudder which was unshipped1 in order that1 if necessary1 the boat might be whirled round when not advancing4 ,their approach was utterly unnoticed by the monster of the deep1 who continued to amuse himself with throwing the water in two circular spouts high into the air2 occasionally flourishing the broad flukes of his tail with graceful but terrific force until the hardy seamen were within a few hundred feet of him1 when he suddenly cast his head downward1 and without apparent effort1 reared his immense body for many feet above the water1 waving his tail violently1 and producing a whizzing noise that sounded like the rushing of winds4 ,the cockswain stood erect1 poising his harpoon1 ready for the blow2 but1 when he beheld the creature assuming this formidable attitude1 he waved his hand to his commander1 who instantly signed to his men to cease rowing4 ,in this situation the sportsman rested a few minutes2 while the whale struck several blows on the water in rapid succession1 the noise of which re-echoed along the cliffs like the hollow reports of so many cannon4 ,after this wanton exhibition of his terrible strength1 the monster sank again into his native element and slowly disappeared4 8,which way did he head1 ,tom80 cried ,barnstable1 the moment the whale was out of sight4 8,pretty much up and down1 sir10 returned the cockswain1 his eye brightening with the excitement of the sport4 8,he'll soon run his nose against the bottom if he stands long on that course1 and will be glad to get another snuff of pure air4 ,send her a few fathoms to starboard1 sir1 and ,i promise we shall not be out of his track40 ,the conjecture of the experienced old seaman proved true2 for in a few minutes the water broke near them1 and another spout was cast into the air1 when the huge animal rushed for half his length in the same direction1 and fell on the sea with a turbulence and foam equal to that which is produced by the launching of a vessel for the first time into its proper element4 ,after this evolution1 the whale rolled heavily1 and seemed to rest from further efforts4 ,his slightest movements were closely watched by ,barnstable and his cockswain2 and when he was in a state of comparative rest1 the former gave the signal to his crew to ply their oars once more4 ,a few long and vigorous strokes sent the boat directly up to the broadside of the whale1 with its bows pointing towards one of the fins1 which was at times1 as the animal yielded sluggishly to the action of the waves1 exposed to view4 ,the cockswain poised his harpoon with much precision1 and then darted it from him with a violence that buried the iron in the body of their foe4 ,the instant the blow was made1 ,long ,tom shouted with singular earnestness3-- 8,starn1 all60 8,stern1 all60 echoed ,barnstable2 when the obedient seamen1 by united efforts1 forced the boat in a backward direction1 beyond the reach of any blow from their formidable antagonist4 ,the alarmed animal1 however1 meditated no such resistance4 ,ignorant of his own power1 and of the insignificance of his enemies1 he sought refuge in flight4 ,one moment of stupid surprise succeeded the entrance of the iron2 then casting his huge tail into the air with a violence that threw the sea around him into increased commotion1 he disappeared with the quickness of lightning amid a cloud of foam4 8,snub him60 shouted ,barnstable4 8,hold on1 ,tom6 he rises already40 8,ay1 ay1 sir60 replied the composed cockswain1 seizing the line1 which was running out of the boat with a velocity that rendered such a manuvre rather hazardous1 and causing it to yield more gradually round the large loggerhead that was placed in the bows of the boat for that purpose4 ,presently the line stretched forward2 and1 rising to the surface with tremulous vibrations1 it indicated the direction in which the animal might be expected to reappear4 ,barnstable had cast the bows of the boat towards that point before the terrified and wounded victim rose to the surface4 ,his time was1 however1 no longer wasted in his sports1 but as he ploughed his way along the surface he forced the waters aside with prodigious energy4 ,the boat was dragged violently in his wake1 and it cut through the billows with a terrific rapidity1 that at moments appeared to bury it in the ocean4 ,when ,long ,tom beheld his victim throwing his spouts on high again1 he pointed with exultation to the jetting fluid1 which was streaked with the deep red of blood1 and cried1--8,ay1 ,i've touched the fellow's life6 ,it must be more than two foot of blubber that stops my iron from reaching the life of any whale that ever sculled the ocean40 8,i believe you have saved yourself the trouble of using the bayonet you have rigged for a lance10 said his commander1 who entered into the sport with all the ardor of one whose youth had been chiefly passed in such pursuits4 8,feel your line1 ,master ,coffin3 can we haul alongside of our enemy8 ,i like not the course he is steering1 as he tows us from the schooner40 8',tis the creatur's way1 sir10 said the cockswain4 8,you know they need the air in their nostrils when they run1 the same as a man4 ,but lay hold1 boys1 and let us haul up to him40 ,the seamen now seized their whale-line1 and slowly drew their boat to within a few feet of the tail of the fish1 whose progress became sensibly less rapid as he grew weak with the loss of blood4 ,in a few minutes he stopped running1 and appeared to roll uneasily on the water1 as if suffering the agony of death4 8,shall we pull in and finish him1 ,tom80 cried ,barnstable4 8,a few sets from your bayonet would do it40 ,the cockswain stood examining his game with cool discretion1 and replied to this interrogatory1-- 8,no1 sir6 no6 ,he's going into his flurry2 there's no occasion for using a soldier's weapon in taking a whale4 ,starn off1 sir6 starn off6 the creatur's in his flurry40 ,the warning of the prudent cockswain was promptly obeyed2 and the boat cautiously drew off to a distance1 leaving to the animal a clear space while under its dying agonies4 ,from a state of perfect rest1 the terrible monster threw its tail on high as when in sport2 but its blows were trebled in rapidity and violence1 till all was hid from view by a pyramid of foam that was deeply dyed with blood4 ,the roarings of the fish were like the bellowings of a herd of bulls1 and it seemed as if a thousand monsters were engaged in deadly combat behind the bloody mist that obstructed the view4 ,gradually these efforts subsided2 and1 when the discolored water again settled down to the long and regular swell of the ocean1 the fish was seen exhausted1 and yielding passively to its fate4 ,as life departed1 the enormous black mass rolled to one side2 and when the white and glistening skin of the belly became apparent1 the seamen well knew that their victory was achieved4 ,word ,exercise4 flukes whizzing un-shipped 7-shipt7 ma-nuvre 7m-noover or -n-7 rascal ap-prent poising 7poiz-7 cockswain 7or kksn7 launching 7lnch-7 v-o-ltion impu-dnt turbu-lence con-jcture formi-da-ble ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,to get an offing4--#b4 ,has lost his reckoning4--#c4 ,right whale4--#d4 ,shouted spontaneously4--#e4 ,solemn visage4--#f4 ,crouching attitude4--#g4 ,huge frame4--#h4 ,utterly unnoticed4--#i4 ,terrific force4--#aj4 ,wanton exhibition of his strength4--#aa4 ,singular earnestness4--#ab4 ,formidable antagonist4--#ac4 ,tremulous vibrations4--#ad4 ,promptly obeyed4 ,,lxiv4--,,the ,,village ,,blacksmith4 ,,longfellow4 ,illustration ,under a spreading chestnut tree ,the village smithy stands2 ,the smith1 a mighty man is he1 ,with large and sinewy hands2 ,and the muscles of his brawny arms ,are strong as iron bands4 ,his hair is crisp1 and black1 and long1 ,his face is like the tan2 ,his brow is wet with honest sweat1 ,he earns whate'er he can1 ,and looks the whole world in the face1 ,for he owes not any man4 ,week in1 week out1 from morn till night1 ,you can hear his bellows blow2 ,you can hear him swing his heavy sledge1 ,with measured beat and slow1 ,like a sexton ringing the village bell1 ,when the evening sun is low4 ,and children coming home from school ,look in at the open door2 ,they love to see the flaming forge1 ,and hear the bellows roar1 ,and catch the burning sparks that fly ,like chaff from a threshing floor4 ,he goes on ,sunday to the church1 ,and sits among his boys2 ,he hears the parson pray and preach1 ,he hears his daughter's voice1 ,singing in the village choir1 ,and it makes his heart rejoice4 ,it sounds to him like her mother's voice1 ,singing in ,paradise6 ,he needs must think of her once more1 ,how in the grave she lies2 ,and with his hard1 rough hand he wipes ,a tear out of his eyes4 ,toiling1--rejoicing1--sorrowing1 ,onward1 through life he goes2 ,each morning sees some task begin1 ,each evening sees it close2 ,something attempted1 something done1 ,has earned a night's repose4 ,thanks1 thanks to thee1 my worthy friend1 ,for the lesson thou hast taught6 ,thus1 at the flaming forge of life ,our fortunes must be wrought2 ,thus1 on its sounding anvil1 shaped ,each burning deed and thought6 ,word ,exercise4 crisp choir 7kwr7 parson bllows 7bllus7 honest 7onest7 smthy earned 7ernd7 sinew-y re-joicing 7-jois-7 toiling mscles 7mssls7 brawny sexton ,para-dise ,,lxv4--,,the ,,monster ,,of ,,the ,,nile4 ,,sir ,,samuel ,,baker4 ,few creatures are so sly and wary as the crocodile4 ,i watch them continually as they attack the dense flocks of small birds that throng the bushes at the water's edge4 ,these birds are perfectly aware of the danger1 and they fly from the attack1 if possible4 ,the crocodile then quietly and innocently lies upon the surface1 as though it had appeared quite by an accident4 ,it thus attracts the attention of the birds1 and it slowly sails away to a considerable distance1 exposed to their view4 ,the birds1 thus beguiled by the deceiver1 believe that the danger is removed1 and they again flock to the bush1 and once more dip their thirsty beaks in the stream4 ,thus absorbed in slaking their thirst1 they do not observe that their enemy is no longer on the surface4 ,a sudden splash1 followed by a huge pair of jaws1 beneath the bush1 which engulf some dozens of victims1 is the signal unexpectedly given of the crocodile's return--he having slily dived1 and hastened under cover of water to his victims4 ,i have seen the crocodile repeat this manuvre constantly3 they deceive by a feigned retreat1 and then attack from below4 ,in like manner the crocodile perceives1 while it is floating on the surface in mid-stream1 or from the opposite side of the river1 a woman filling her girba1 or an animal drinking4 ,sinking immediately1 it swims perhaps a hundred yards nearer1 and again appearing for an instant upon the surface1 it assures itself of the position of its prey by a steady look4 ,once more it sinks1 and reaches the exact spot above which the person or animal may be4 ,seeing distinctly through the water1 it generally makes its fatal rush from beneath1--sometimes seizing with its jaws1 and at other times striking the object into the water with its tail1 after which it seizes it1 and carries it off4 ,the crocodile does not attempt to swallow a large prey at once1 but generally carries it away1 and keeps it for a considerable time in its jaws in some deep hole beneath a rock or the root of a tree1 where it eats it at leisure4 ,the tongue of the crocodile is so unlike that of any other creature that it can hardly be called by the same name4 ,no portion of it is detached from the flesh of the lower jaw2 it is like a thickened membrane extending from the gullet to about half-way along the length of jaw4 ,i was one day returning from head-quarters to my station--a distance of a mile and a half along the river's bank--when ,i noticed the large head of a crocodile about thirty yards from the shore4 ,i knew every inch of the river1 and ,i was satisfied that the water was shallow4 ,a solitary piece of waving rush1 that grew upon the bank exactly opposite the crocodile1 marked its position4 ,so1 stooping down1 ,i retreated inland from the bank1 and then running forward1 ,i crept gently towards the rush4 ,stooping as low as possible1 ,i advanced till very near the bank 7upon which grew tufts of grass71 when1 by slowly raising my head1 ,i could observe the head of the crocodile in the same position1 not more than twenty-six or twenty-eight yards from me4 ,at that distance my rifle could hit a half-crown2 ,i therefore made sure of bagging4 ,the bank was about four feet above the water2 thus the angle was favorable1 and ,i aimed just behind the eye4 ,almost as ,i touched the trigger1 the crocodile gave a convulsive start1 and turning slowly on its back1 it stretched its four legs above the surface1 straining every muscle4 ,it then remained motionless in water about two feet deep4 ,my horse was always furnished with a long halter or tethering-rope4 ,so ,i ordered two men to jump into the river and secure the crocodile by a rope fastened round the body behind the fore-legs4 ,this was quickly accomplished1 and the men remained knee-deep1 hauling upon the rope to prevent the stream from carrying away the body4 ,in the meantime an attendant had mounted my horse and galloped off to the camp for assistance4 ,crocodiles are very tenacious of life2 and although they may be shot through the brain1 and be actually dead for all practical purposes1 they will remain motionless at first2 but they will begin instinctively to move the limbs and tail a few minutes after receiving the shot4 ,if lying upon a sand-bank1 or in deep water1 they would generally disappear unless secured by a rope1 as the spasmodic movements of the limbs and tail would act upon the water1 and the body would be carried away4 ,the crocodile1 which had appeared stone dead1 now began to move its tail1 and my two men who were holding on to the rope cried out that it was still alive4 ,it was in vain that ,i assured the frightened fellows that it was dead4 ,i was on the bank1 and they were in the water within a few feet of the crocodile1 which made some difference in our ideas of its vivacity4 ,presently the creature really began to struggle1 and the united efforts of the men could hardly restrain it from getting into deeper water4 ,the monster now began to yawn1 which so terrified the men that they would have dropped the rope and fled had they not been afraid of the consequences1 as ,i was addressing them rather forcibly from the bank4 ,i put another shot through the shoulder of the struggling monster1 which appeared to act as a narcotic until the arrival of the soldiers with ropes4 ,no sooner was the crocodile well secured than it began to struggle violently4 ,but a great number of men hauled upon the rope2 and when it was safely landed1 ,i gave it a blow with a sharp ax on the back of the neck1 which killed it by dividing the spine4 ,it was now dragged along the turf until we reached the camp1 where it was carefully measured with a tape1 and showed an exact length of twelve feet three inches from snout to end of tail4 ,the stomach contained about five pounds' weight of pebbles1 as though it had fed upon flesh resting upon a gravel bank1 and had swallowed the pebbles that had adhered4 ,mixed with the pebbles was a greenish slimy matter that appeared woolly4 ,in the midst of this were three undeniable witnesses that convicted the crocodile of wilful murder4 ,a necklace and two armlets1 such as are worn by the negro girls1 were taken from the stomach6 ,this was an old malefactor that was a good riddance4 ,i have frequently seen crocodiles upwards of eighteen feet in length1 and there can be little doubt that they sometimes exceed twenty2 but a very small creature of this species may carry away a man while swimming4 ,,lxvi4--,,prayer4 ,,james ,,montgomery4 ,prayer is the soul's sincere desire1 ,uttered1 or unexpressed2 ,the motion of a hidden fire ,that trembles in the breast4 ,prayer is the burthen of a sigh1 ,the falling of a tear1 ,the upward glancing of the eye1 ,when none but ,god is near4 ,prayer is the simplest form of speech ,that infant lips can try2 ,prayer1 the sublimest strains that reach ,the ,majesty on high4 ,prayer is the contrite sinner's voice ,returning from his ways1 ,while angels in their songs rejoice1 ,and cry1 ,behold1 he prays6 ,prayer is the ,christian's vital breath1 ,the ,christian's native air2 ,his watchword at the gates of death2 ,he enters ,heaven with prayer4 ,the saints1 in prayer1 appear as one1 ,in word1 and deed1 and mind2 ,while with the ,father and the ,son ,sweet fellowship they find4 ,nor prayer is made by man alone3 ,the ,holy ,spirit pleads2 ,and ,jesus1 on the eternal ,throne1 ,for mourners intercedes4 ,o ,thou1 by whom we come to ,god6 ,the ,life1 the ,truth1 the ,way6 ,the path of prayer ,thyself hast trod3 ,lord6 teach us how to pray6 99 99 99 99 99 ,like as a father pitieth his children1 so the ,lord pitieth them that fear ,him4--,psalm ,,ciii4 ,,lxvii4--,,the ,,thermometer4 ,all substances produce in us1 when we touch them1 the sensation of heat or of cold4 ,the degree of heat of any substance is called its temperature2 and the temperature varies from time to time1 according to circumstances4 ,boiling water1 for example1 contains so much heat that it scalds the skin2 but1 when removed from the fire1 the water gradually becomes less and less warm1 until at last it contains so little heat that it cools the hand instead of scalding it4 ,our feelings do not always give us true information about the temperature of the bodies by which we are surrounded4 ,a person comes into a warm room from the open air on a cold day1 and exclaims1 8,how warm it is here60 ,another person enters the same room from one still warmer1 and cries1 8,how cold it is here60 ,the first person gains heat1 and therefore calls the room warm2 the second loses heat1 and calls it cold2 while1 in reality1 the air of the room1 all the while1 is at the same degree of temperature4 ,a nurse prepares water for a child's bath1 and measures the heat by the feeling of her hand2 but she learns from the quick and sudden cry of the child1 when placed in the bath1 that what seemed warm to her is cold to the child4 ,these examples show that our sensations are not always a true test of temperature2 and thus1 if we wish to measure heat and cold accurately1 we must have some instrument made for the purpose4 ,such an instrument we have3 it is called a thermometer1 a word which means heat-measurer4 ,it was long ago noticed that bodies expand1 or swell out1 when they are heated2 and that they contract1 or shrink into less bulk1 when they are cooled4 ,this observation led to the construction of the thermometer2 for to measure the expansion or contraction of a substance is the same as to measure the quantity of heat that has produced this effect4 ,the thermometer consists of a small glass tube of very fine bore and ending in a hollow bulb4 ,the bulb is entirely filled with a fluid metal1 called mercury1 or quicksilver1 which rises or falls in the tube according as it is heated or cooled4 ,the space in the tube above the mercury is empty3 it does not even contain air2 for in preparing the instrument1 sufficient heat is applied to the bulb to make the fluid1 by expansion1 fill the whole tube1 which is then closely sealed at the upper end by melting the glass3 the mercury sinks as it cools1 and leaves the space empty4 ,the tube is fastened to a metal or wooden plate1 marked so as to measure the expansion of the mercury4 ,this is called the scale1 and the divisions upon it are called degrees4 ,the degrees are counted upwards from the bottom1 and are expressed by placing a small circle over the number4 ,there are three different scales in use2 that commonly used in this country is called ,fahrenheit's scale1 from the name of the inventor4 ,when the tube of the thermometer is immersed in melting ice or freezing water1 the upper surface of the mercury stands always at the same point1 which is called the freezing point of water4 ,on ,fahrenheit's thermometer this point is marked #cb4 ,again1 when the bulb is held in the steam of boiling water1 the mercury rises to a fixed point1 which is called the boiling point of water1 and is marked #bab4 ,all bodies that are as hot as boiling water1 raise the mercury to #bab2 and all bodies that are as cold as freezing water1 make the mercury shrink to #cb4 ,the space between these two points is divided into #ahj equal parts1 each being called a degree4 ,similar equal divisions are carried below the point marked #cb1 till #j is reached1 and this last point is called zero4 ,the tube of the thermometer may contain some other fluid than mercury2 but1 as this metal is in every respect well fitted for the purpose1 it is most generally used in construction of the instrument4 ,the thermometer is one of the most useful inventions of science4 ,it enables travellers to compare the climates of different countries1 and to give us1 who stay at home1 a distinct idea of them4 ,it is also necessary in the arts3 it enables workmen to apply the exact amount of heat required in delicate operations1 where a little excess might spoil the whole work4 ,word ,exercise4 scalding 7skawld-7 ,mercu-ry in-vntor dli-cate im-mersed 7im-merst7 sen-stions sur-rounded fastened 7fassnd7 instru-ment con-traction ex-pnsion 7eks-pnshun7 op-er-ations ,fahren-het ther-mome-ter temper-a-tre con-struction ,,lxviii4--,,golden ,,deeds4 ,what is a golden deed8 ,it is something which we do for the good of others when we think more of them than we do of ourselves4 ,and it is called golden1 because the rarest and most precious things in all the world are the acts of unselfish men4 ,let me tell you the story of a golden deed that was performed by ,sir ,philip ,sidney4 ,this brave ,english knight was fighting in the ,netherlands1 to help the ,dutch in their struggle for liberty against the tyrant1 ,philip of ,spain4 ,in a fierce battle he was struck by a musket ball1 which broke his thigh-bone4 ,thirsty and faint from loss of blood1 he called for water4 ,he had just raised the cup to his lips1 when his eye fell on a poor1 dying soldier1 who was looking longingly at the cool drink4 ,without so much as tasting it1 ,sidney handed the cup to the poor fellow with these words3 8,thy necessity is greater than mine40 ,here is the story of another golden deed4 ,a little boy1 named ,peter1 who lived in ,holland a long time ago1 was once on his way home late in the evening1 when he became alarmed at hearing water trickling through a sluice or gate in one of the many dikes which are so necessary for the safety of that country2 for you must know that ,holland is so flat and low that it is in constant danger of finding itself under water4 ,he stopped and thought of what would happen if the hole were not closed4 ,he had often heard his father tell of the sad disasters which had come from such small beginnings as this--how1 in a few hours1 the little aperture gradually enlarged until the whole defence was washed away1 and the rolling1 dashing1 angry sea rushed in1 and swept on to the next village1 destroying life and property4 ,should he run home and alarm the villagers1 it would be dark before they could arrive2 and the hole1 even then1 might become so large as to defy all attempts to close4 ,what could he do to prevent such a terrible ruin--he1 only a little boy8 ,he sat down on the bank of the canal1 stopped the opening with his hand1 and patiently awaited the passing of a villager4 ,but no one came4 ,hour after hour rolled by1 yet there sat the heroic boy1 in cold and darkness1 shivering1 wet1 and tired1 but stoutly pressing his hand against the water that was trying to pass the dangerous breach4 ,the remainder of the story is thus told by an ,american poet1 ,miss ,phbe ,cary3-- ,he thinks of his brother and sister ,asleep in their safe1 warm bed2 ,he thinks of his father and mother1 ,of himself as dying--and dead2 ,and of how1 when the night is over1 ,they must come and find him at last3 ,but he never thinks he can leave the place ,where duty holds him fast4 ,the good dame in the cottage ,is up and astir with the light1 ,for the thought of her little ,peter ,has been with her all the night4 ,and now she watches the pathway1 ,as yester eve she had done2 ,but what does she see so strange and black ,against the rising sun8 ,her neighbors bearing between them ,something straight to her door2 ,her child is coming home1 but not ,as he ever came before6 8,he is dead60 she cries2 8my darling60 ,and the startled father hears1 ,and comes and looks the way she looks1 ,and fears the thing she fears3 ,till a glad shout from the bearers ,thrills the stricken man and wife-- 8,give thanks1 for your son has saved our land1 ,and ,god has saved his life60 ,so there in the morning sunshine ,they knelt about the boy1 ,and every head was bared and bent1 ,in tearful1 reverent joy4 ',tis many a year since then2 but still1 ,when the sea roars like a flood1 ,their boys are taught what a boy can do1 ,who is brave1 and true1 and good2 ,for every man in that country ,takes his son by the hand1 ,and tells him of little ,peter1 ,whose courage saved the land4 ,they have many a valiant hero1 ,remembered through the years1 ,but never one whose name so oft ,is named with loving tears4 ,and his deed shall be sung by the cradle1 ,and told to the child on the knee1 ,as long as the dikes of ,holland ,divide the land from the sea4 ,now let us hear of a golden deed done more than two thousand years ago--a deed that has made the names of ,damon and ,pythias famous for ever4 ,in ,syracuse there was so hard a ruler that the people made a plot to drive him out of the city4 ,the plot was discovered1 and the king commanded that the leaders should be put to death4 ,one of these1 named ,damon1 lived at some distance from ,syracuse4 ,he asked that before he was put to death1 he might be allowed to go home to say good-bye to his family1 promising that he would then come back to die1 at the appointed time4 ,the king did not believe that he would keep his word1 and said1 8,i will not let you go unless you find some friend who will come and stay in your place4 ,then1 if you are not back on the day set for execution1 ,i shall put your friend to death in your stead40 ,the king thought to himself1 8,surely no one will ever take the place of a man condemned to death40 ,now1 ,damon had a very dear friend named ,pythias1 who at once came forward and offered to stay in prison while ,damon was allowed to go away4 ,the king was very much surprised1 but he had given his word2 ,damon was therefore permitted to leave for home1 while ,pythias was shut up in prison4 ,many days passed1--the time for the execution was close at hand1 and ,damon had not come back4 ,the king1 curious to see how ,pythias would behave1 now that death seemed so near1 went to the prison4 8,your friend will never return10 he said to ,pythias4 8,you are wrong10 was the answer4 8,damon will be here if he can possibly come4 ,but he has to travel by sea1 and the winds have been blowing the wrong way for several days4 ,however1 it is much better that ,i should die than he4 ,i have no wife and no children1 and ,i love my friend so well that it would be easier to die for him than to live without him4 ,so ,i am hoping and praying that he may be delayed until my head has fallen40 ,the king went away more puzzled than ever4 ,the fatal day arrived4 ,still ,damon had not come1 and ,pythias was brought forward and mounted the scaffold4 8,my prayers are heard10 he cried4 8,i shall be permitted to die for my friend4 ,but mark my words4 ,damon is faithful and true2 you will yet have reason to know that he has done his utmost to be here40 ,just at this moment a man came galloping up at full speed1 on a horse covered with foam6 ,it was ,damon4 ,in an instant he was on the scaffold1 and had ,pythias in his arms4 8,my beloved friend10 he cried1 8the gods be praised that you are safe4 ,what agony have ,i suffered in the fear that my delay was putting your life in danger60 ,there was no joy in the face of ,pythias1 for he did not care to live if his friend must die4 ,but the king had heard all4 ,at last he was forced to believe in the unselfish friendship of these two4 ,his hard heart melted at the sight1 and he set them both free1 asking only that they would be his friends also4 ,,lxix4--,,by ,,cool ,,siloam',s ,,shady ,,rill4 ,,reginald ,,heber4 ,by cool ,siloam's shady rill ,how sweet the lily grows6 ,how sweet the breath beneath the hill ,of ,sharon's dewy rose6 ,lo6 such the child whose early feet ,the paths of peace have trod1 ,whose secret heart with influence sweet ,is upward drawn to ,god6 ,by cool ,siloam's shady rill ,the lily must decay2 ,the rose that blooms beneath the hill ,must shortly fade away4 ,and soon1 too soon1 the wintry hour ,of man's maturer age ,will shake the soul with sorrow's power1 ,and stormy passion's rage6 ,o thou1 whose infant feet were found ,within thy ,father's shrine6 ,whose years with changeless virtue crowned ,were all alike divine6 ,dependent on thy bounteous breath1 ,we seek thy grace alone1 ,in childhood1 manhood1 age1 and death1 ,to keep us still thy own6 99 99 99 99 99 ,mark the perfect man1 and behold the upright3 for the end of that man is peace4--,psalm ,,xxxvii4 ,,lxx4--,,age ,,of ,,trees4 ,man counts his life by years2 the oak by centuries4 ,at one hundred years of age1 the tree is but a sapling2 at five hundred1 it is mature and strong2 at six hundred1 the gigantic king of the greenwood begins to feel the touch of ,time2 but the decline is as slow as the growth was1 and the sturdy old tree rears its proud head and reckons centuries of old age just as it reckoned centuries of youth4 ,it has been said that the patriarch of the forest laughs at history4 ,is it not true8 ,perhaps when the balmy zephyrs stir the trees1 the leaves whisper strange stories to one another4 ,the oaks1 and the pines1 and their brethren of the wood1 have seen so many suns rise and set1 so many seasons come and go1 and so many generations pass into silence1 that we may well wonder what the 8story of the trees0 would be to us1 if they had tongues to tell it1 or we ears fine enough to understand4 8,the king of white oak trees10 says a letter-writer in the year #ahhc1 8has been chopped down and taken to the saw-mill4 ,it was five hundred and twenty-five years old1 and made six twelve-foot logs1 the first one being six feet in diameter and weighing seven tons40 ,what a giant that oak-tree must have been1 and what changes in this land of ours it must have witnessed6 ,it looked upon the forest when the red man ruled there alone2 it was more than a century old when ,columbus landed in the ,new ,world2 and to that good age it added nearly four centuries before the ax of the woodman laid it low4 ,yet1 venerable as this 8king of white oak trees0 was1 it was but an infant1 compared with other monarchs of the ,western solitudes4 ,one ,california pine1 cut down about #ahee1 was1 according to very good authority1 eleven hundred and twenty years old2 and many of its neighbors in its native grove are no less ancient than it was4 ,who shall presume1 then1 to fix the age of the hoary trees that still rear their stalwart frames in the unexplored depths of ,american wildernesses4 ,illustration ,in ,england there are still in existence many trees that serve to link the far-off past with the living present4 ,some of them were witnesses of the fierce struggles between ,norman and ,saxon when ,william the ,conqueror planted his standard--8the three bannered lions of ,normandy old0--upon ,english soil4 ,then there is the ,king's ,oak1 at ,windsor1 which1 tradition informs us1 was a great favorite with ,william1 when that bold ,norman first enclosed the forest for a royal hunting-ground4 ,the ,conqueror loved to sit in the shade of the lofty1 spreading tree1 and muse--upon what8 ,who knows what fancies filled his brain1 what feelings stirred his proud spirit1 what memories1 what regrets1 thrilled his heart1 as he sat there in the solitude8 ,over eight hundred years have rolled away since the ,norman usurper fought the sturdy ,saxon1 and1 for conqueror as for conquered1 life1 and its ambitions1 and its pangs1 ended long ago2 but the mighty oak1 whose greenness and beauty were a delight to the ,conqueror1 still stands in ,windsor ,forest4 ,eight centuries ago its royal master saw it a 8goodly tree40 ,how old is it now8 ,older even than this1 are the oaks near ,croydon1 nine miles south of ,london4 ,if the botanist may judge by the usual evidences of age1 these trees saw the glitter of the ,roman spears as the legions of the ,empire wound their way through the forest-paths or in the green open spaces in the woodland4 ,now1 the ,roman legions left ,britain fourteen centuries ago1 having been summoned home to ,rome because the ,empire was in danger1--in fact1 was hastening to its fall4 ,how wonderful1 if fourteen centuries have spared these oaks at ,croydon6 ,there is a famous yew that must not go without notice in our record of ancient trees4 ,this venerable tree stands in its native field1 ever green and enduring1 as if the years had forgotten it4 ,yet it was two centuries old when1 in the adjacent meadow1 ,king ,john signed ,magna ,charta4 ,if we bear in mind that in #abae1 the stout ,english barons compelled their wicked king to sign the ,great ,charter1 protecting the rights of his subjects1 we may conclude that this patriarch-yew is at least eight hundred and fifty years old4 ,the ,parliament ,oak--so called because it is said that ,edward ,i41 who ruled ,england from #abgb to #acjg1 once held a ,parliament under its branches--is believed to be fifteen hundred years old4 ,if ,fine-,ear1 of the fairy-tale1 could come and translate for us the whispers of these ancient ,english trees1 and tell us ever so little of what the stately monarchs of the wood have seen1 what new histories might be written1 what old chronicles reversed6 ,on the mountains of ,lebanon1 a few of the cedars1 famous in sacred and in profane history1 yet remain4 ,one of these relics of the past has been estimated to be three thousand five hundred years old4 ,the patriarchs of the ,english forests cannot1 then1 so far as age is considered1 claim equal rank with the 8cedars of ,lebanon40 ,but the baobab1 or 8monkey-bread10 of ,senegal1 must take the first rank among long-lived trees4 ,even the 8goodly trees0 of ,lebanon must1 if ordinary proofs can be trusted1 yield the palm to their ,african rival4 ,an eminent ,french botanist of the eighteenth century1 whose discoveries in natural history are of great interest to the world of science1 lived some years in ,senegal1 and had ample opportunity to observe and study the wonderful baobab4 ,he saw several trees of this species growing1 and from the most careful calculations1 he formed his opinion as to the age of some of these ,african wonders4 ,one baobab1 which even in its decay measured one hundred and nine feet in circumference1 he believed to be more than five thousand years old4 ,truly1 the patriarchs of the forest laugh at history4 ,,lxxi4--,,rock ,,me ,,to ,,sleep4 ,,elizabeth ,,akers ,,allen4 ,backward1 turn backward1 ,o ,time1 in your flight1 ,make me a child again1 just for to-night2 ,mother1 come back from the echoless shore2 ,take me again to your heart as of yore2 ,kiss from my forehead the furrows of care1 ,smooth the few silver threads out of my hair2 ,over my slumbers your loving watch keep-- ,rock me to sleep1 mother--rock me to sleep4 ,backward1 flow backward1 ,o tide of the years6 ,i am so weary of toil and of tears-- ,toil without recompense--tears all in vain-- ,take them and give me my childhood again6 ,i have grown weary of dust and decay-- ,weary of flinging my soul-wealth away2 ,weary of sowing for others to reap-- ,rock me to sleep1 mother--rock me to sleep4 ,tired of the hollow1 the base1 the untrue1 ,mother1 ,o mother1 my heart calls for you4 ,many a summer the grass has grown green1 ,blossomed and faded1 our faces between2 ,yet with strong yearning and passionate pain ,long ,i to-night for your presence again4 ,come from the silence1 so long and so deep-- ,rock me to sleep1 mother--rock me to sleep4 ,over my heart1 in the days that are flown1 ,no love like mother-love ever has shone2 ,no other worship abides and endures-- ,faithful1 unselfish1 and patient like yours2 ,none like a mother can charm away pain ,from the sick soul and the world-weary brain4 ,slumber's soft calms o'er my heavy lids creep-- ,rock me to sleep1 mother--rock me to sleep4 ,come1 let your brown hair1 just lighted with gold1 ,fall on your shoulders1 again1 as of old2 ,let it drop over my forehead to-night1 ,shading my faint eyes away from the light2 ,for with its sunny-edged shadows once more ,haply will throng the sweet visions of yore2 ,lovingly1 softly1 its bright billows sweep2-- ,rock me to sleep1 mother--rock me to sleep4 ,mother1 dear mother1 the years have been long ,since ,i last listened your lullaby song2 ,sing1 then1 and unto my soul it shall seem ,womanhood's years have been only a dream4 ,clasped to your heart in a loving embrace1 ,with your light lashes just sweeping my face1 ,never hereafter to wake or to weep-- ,rock me to sleep1 mother--rock me to sleep4 ,,lxxii4--,,heat3--,,conduction ,,and ,,radiation4 ,in a former lesson you read a description of the thermometer1 a useful instrument which enables us to estimate the temperature1 or sensible heat1 of substances4 ,all bodies1 even the coldest1 contain heat2 and they have also a tendency to part with their heat to colder substances around them1 until all have the same temperature4 ,thus1 when you lay your hand on a block of iron or marble1 heat leaves your hand to enter the less warm material and raise its temperature2 and it is this abstraction of heat that produces in you the sensation of cold4 ,there is1 then1 a constant communication or transmission of heat from one body to another4 ,this communication is effected chiefly in two ways--by conduction and by radiation4 ,in conduction1 the bodies are in contact2 in radiation1 they are at some distance apart4 ,if you push one end of a cold poker into the fire1 that end will soon become warm1 and the heat will be propagated from particle to particle through the poker1 until the end most distant from the fire becomes too hot to be touched without injury4 ,this mode of transmission is called conduction4 ,different substances possess this power in very different degrees4 ,thus1 if instead of a poker you thrust into the fire a bar of wood of equal length and thickness1 you will find that1 even when the inserted end is in flames1 the other remains comparatively cold1 and may be handled with impunity4 ,hence we say that iron is a good conductor1 and wood a bad conductor of heat4 ,the conducting power of bodies depends in a great measure on the closeness of their particles--dense1 solid substances being much better conductors than those which are light and porous4 ,the metals are the best conductors1 but they differ very much among themselves4 ,the best is silver2 the others stand in this respect in the following order--copper1 gold1 brass1 tin1 iron1 steel1 lead4 ,you will now understand why metals feel cold to the touch3 it is because1 being good conductors1 they carry the heat rapidly away from that part of our body with which they are in contact4 ,among the bad conductors of heat are fur1 wool1 cotton1 silk1 and linen2 straw1 paper1 feathers1 wood1 earth1 snow1 water1 and air2 and loose bodies1 such as sawdust and shavings1 which contain a large amount of air in the spaces between their particles4 ,our clothing1 as you know1 is made of wool1 cotton1 or linen4 ,can you tell why such materials are selected for the purpose8 ,it is not1 as many ignorant people suppose1 because they are best adapted to impart warmth4 ,the true reason is that1 being bad conductors1 they prevent the cold air and other objects around us from robbing us of the heat which is produced within our bodies4 ,when once you understand what is meant by conduction of heat1 and can distinguish between substances which are good conductors and those which are not1 you will be able to give a reason for many facts that must appear strange to every one who does not possess such information4 ,a little reflection1 for instance1 will enable you to explain why a linen garment feels colder to the skin than one made of cotton or wool2 why a silver spoon becomes hot when the bowl is left for a few minutes in a cup of hot liquid2 why a metal tea-pot or kettle is commonly furnished with a handle of wood or ivory2 why ice may be preserved by being wrapped in flannel or covered with sawdust2 why a pump1 in frosty weather1 should be encased in straw or matting2 and why the farmer welcomes the snow1 and regards it as a protection to his crops4 ,every warm body has the power of sending out rays of heat1 as a luminous body gives out rays of light4 ,this mode of communicating heat is called radiation1 and it serves1 as we shall see1 a very important purpose in the economy of nature4 ,when you stand before a fire1 heat-rays stream forth from the burning fuel1 and create in you the sensation of warmth4 ,in this case1 the heat of the fire is communicated to you1 not by conduction1 but by radiation4 ,everything in nature is constantly radiating heat from its surface4 ,if a body be surrounded by objects hotter than itself1 it becomes heated by radiation2 if it be exposed to the influence of objects colder than itself1 it becomes cooled by radiation2 and if the objects around it are neither hotter nor colder than itself1 its temperature remains unaltered4 ,but though all bodies radiate heat1 they have not all the same radiating power4 ,some substances possess this power in a far greater degree than others4 ,the metals1 though they are the best conductors1 are the worst radiators4 ,this is particularly the case when they are polished4 ,dull1 dark substances1 and especially those which have a rough or scratched surface1 are good radiators2 light-colored and smooth substances1 on the other hand1 are bad radiators2 and this explains why1 as every good housewife knows1 a polished metal tea-pot keeps tea warmer than a black earthen one--it does not part with its heat so readily4 ,bodies which radiate freely have the power in an equal degree of absorbing heat2 that is1 they are as ready to take it in1 as they are to throw it out again4 ,dark substances1 therefore1 must be good absorbers1 as they are good radiators of heat4 ,a very simple experiment will illustrate this fact very clearly4 ,if you spread upon snow1 in a place exposed to the sunbeams1 two pieces of cloth of the same texture1 one black and the other white1 you will find1 after some time1 that under the black cloth the snow has been melted1 but under the white cloth it remains as it was at first4 ,the black material has been heated quickly and intensely2 the white has not been heated at all3 the former has absorbed the sun's rays2 the latter has reflected them4 ,the laws of absorption and radiation enable us to explain many curious facts4 ,thus1 dark-colored clothes are cold in the shade1 because they are then radiating heat from our bodies2 but they are warm in the sunshine1 because they are then absorbing the heat that falls upon them from the sun4 ,on the other hand1 light colored clothes are warm in the shade1 and cool in the sunshine4 ,again1 a dish-cover or metal tea-pot is kept as brightly polished as possible1 in order to prevent the escape of the heat by radiation2 a black earthenware tea-pot1 on the contrary1 has a dull and dark surface1 so that it may be placed on the hob and absorb the heat4 ,so1 too1 if a kettle is to heat quickly1 the bottom and sides should be covered with soot1 to absorb the heat2 while the upper part should be bright1 to prevent radiation4 ,it is radiation1 also1 that accounts for the deposition of dew4 ,it is a common error to suppose that dew falls in the same manner as rain or mist1 only in much finer particles4 ,dew1 in fact1 does not fall1 but is formed on the surface of bodies by the condensation of the moisture of the atmosphere4 ,the air around us contains at all times a quantity of moisture in the form of vapor4 ,now this vapor has been formed from water by the action of heat2 and it may again be turned into water by being brought in contact with objects that are cold4 ,and this is just what takes place in the formation of dew4 ,when the sun has set1 the trees and grass and other objects on the earth's surface immediately begin to radiate the heat which they have absorbed from its beams during the day4 ,the best radiators1 of course1 become cool most rapidly1 and quickly condense the vapor that floats in the air around them2 and in the morning we find those objects which radiate freely1 such as blades of grass1 leaves of plants1 and floating cobwebs1 covered with this condensed vapor in the form of glittering dewdrops4 ,clouds1 in a great measure1 prevent radiation1 and hence the dew will be most plentiful on a clear and cloudless night4 ,if the radiation continues till the temperature of the ground is very low1 the dew freezes as it is deposited and forms hoar-frost4 ,you may see a smooth road or gravel walk quite dry in the morning1 while the grass or box by its side is thickly coated with moisture4 ,why is this8 ,it is simply because the road or walk is a bad radiator and cools slowly1 while the grass and box1 being good radiators1 become rapidly cold and condense the vapor of the passing air into dew4 ,thus by a wise arrangement1 the cultivated fields receive an abundance of precious moisture1 while not a drop is wasted on the bare rock1 or the sterile sands of the desert4 ,word ,exercise4 sterle precious 7prshus7 gno-rant r-di-tion prous il-lstrte tmos-phre 7tmos-fr7 texture 7tekstyure7 parti-cle sen-stion se-lcted dep-o-stion 7-zshun7 trns-mission 7trns-mishun7 e-cno-my lmi-nos ab-sorbing influ-ence cn-dction ar-rngement ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,have a tendency to part with their heat4--#b4 ,constant communication4--#c4 ,heat will be propagated4--#d4 ,may be handled with impunity4--#e4 ,adapted to impart warmth4--#f4 ,regards it as a protection4--#g4 ,exposed to the influence4--#h4 ,remains unaltered4--#i4 ,a simple experiment4--#aj4 ,heated intensely4--#aa4 ,immediately begin to radiate4--#ab4 ,thickly coated with moisture4--#ac4 ,wise arrangement4--#ad4 ,cultivated fields4--#ae4 ,precious moisture4--#af4 ,wasted on the bare rock4 ,,lxxiii4--,,when ,,all ,,thy ,,mercies1 ,o ,,my ,,god4 ,,joseph ,,addison4 ,when all ,thy mercies1 ,o my ,god1 ,my rising soul surveys1 ,transported with the view1 ,i'm lost ,in wonder1 love1 and praise4 ,o how shall words with equal warmth ,the gratitude declare1 ,that glows within my ravished heart6 ,but ,thou canst read it there4 ,thy ,providence my life sustained1 ,and all my wants redressed1 ,when in the silent womb ,i lay1 ,and hung upon the breast4 ,to all my weak complaints and cries1 ,thy mercy lent an ear1 ,ere yet my feeble thoughts had learnt ,to form themselves in prayer4 ,unnumbered comforts to my soul ,thy tender care bestowed1 ,before my infant heart conceived ,from whence these comforts flowed4 ,when in the slippery paths of youth1 ,with heedless steps ,i ran1 ,thine arm1 unseen1 conveyed me safe1 ,and led me up to man4 ,through hidden dangers1 toils1 and death1 ,it gently cleared my way2 ,and through the pleasing snares of vice1 ,more to be feared than they4 ,when worn with sickness1 oft hast ,thou ,with health renewed my face2 ,and when in sins and sorrows sunk1 ,revived my soul with grace4 ,thy bounteous hand with worldly bliss ,has made my cup run o'er2 ,and in a kind and faithful friend ,has doubled all my store4 ,ten thousand thousand precious gifts ,my daily thanks employ2 ,nor is the least a cheerful heart1 ,that tastes those gifts with joy4 ,through every period of my life ,thy goodness ,i'll pursue2 ,and after death1 in distant worlds1 ,the glorious theme renew4 ,when nature fails1 and day and night ,divide thy works no more1 ,my ever-grateful heart1 ,o ,lord1 ,thy mercy shall adore4 ,through all eternity1 to ,thee ,a joyful song ,i'll raise3 ,but ,o6 eternity's too short ,to utter all thy praise6 ,,lxxiv4--,,canadian ,,trees4 ,,james ,,brown1 ,,ll4,d4 ,,first ,,reading4--,,soft ,,woods4 ,the principal evergreen1 or cone-bearing trees1 natives of ,canada1 are ,pines1 ,firs1 and ,thujas4 ,as every one cannot distinguish a ,pine from a ,fir1 this lesson is illustrated with drawings1 showing the peculiar character of each1 so that any boy or girl may be able1 when looking at a cone-bearing tree1 to decide whether it is a ,pine or a ,fir4 ,fig4 #a represents a small piece of the twig of a ,white ,pine4 ,on examination it will be seen that the leaves are needle-shaped1 and spring from the young shoot in little tufts of fives1 all issuing from one point4 ,this arrangement and form of the leaf are peculiar to ,pines1 and should be kept in mind when examining a tree1 in order to know whether it is a ,pine or a ,fir4 ,every ,pine tree1 however1 has not five leaves issuing from one point2 some have only two1 and there are others1 again1 that have three4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,fig4 #b represents a twig of the ,hemlock ,spruce ,fir1 a tree well-known to nearly every young person in ,canada4 ,looking at this illustration1 we at once observe that the leaves are distributed singly on the young shoot1 and stand out in two rows4 ,in the case of a few species of ,fir1 however1 the leaves are not thus arranged1 but are scattered all round the twigs1 being stiff and pointed1 as shown in ,fig4 #c1 which represents a twig of the common ,black ,spruce ,fir4 ,in all cases1 ,firs have their leaves springing singly from the twigs1 an arrangement by which any child can distinguish them from ,pines4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,of all our native trees1 ,pines are considered the most valuable1 as their timber can be used for almost every purpose for which wood is required1 especially for house-building1 ship-building1 fencing1 and railway construction4 ,the two principal species are the ,white and the ,red ,pine4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,the ,white ,pine is one of the grandest trees of our ,canadian forests4 ,it grows to very large proportions on dry1 gravelly lands1 where it is not crowded by other trees4 ,we often find individual pine trees rising to the height of #bjj feet1 with stems from four to six feet in diameter near the ground2 but in general they may be said to reach #aej feet1 with a diameter of about three feet4 ,in the earlier settled parts of the country1 the best and largest trees of this species were cut down long ago2 but thousands of fine specimens are still to be met with in the backwoods4 ,the ,red ,pine does not grow to so large a size as the ,white1 nor is it found so plentifully in our forests4 ,it is to be met with only on dry1 gravelly knolls1 and in rocky parts of the country1 generally in patches of small extent1 and seldom among other trees4 ,its timber is of the best description1 and is much sought after by lumbermen4 ,owing to this cause it is now comparatively scarce4 ,all ,pines are reared from seeds1 which may be found ripe in their cones in the month of ,november4 ,although our ,fir trees are1 generally speaking1 not so important as our ,pines1 still1 there are two or three of them well worthy of being brought under notice here1 particularly the ,douglas ,fir1 the ,hemlock ,spruce ,fir1 the common ,black ,spruce ,fir1 and the ,balsam ,fir4 ,the ,douglas ,fir is not found in the woods east of the ,rocky ,mountains1 but it grows in the immense forests of ,british ,columbia to heights varying from #aej to #bej feet1 with trunks from three to ten feet in diameter4 ,a peculiar feature of this ,fir is1 that the bark on old trees is found from ten to fourteen inches thick4 ,where full grown1 this grand ,fir usually stands apart from other trees1 and forms a majestic object in the landscape1 being clothed with horizontal branches from the base to the top4 ,the timber is exceedingly durable1 and in its native province is much used for general purposes4 ,it is also exported for ship-masts1 the tall1 clean stems making the best of material for this purpose4 ,the ,hemlock ,spruce ,fir1 most young people of ,canada are acquainted with1 as it is widely distributed1 and found in many bushes of the country4 ,in open situations1 and on cool-bottomed lands1 the ,hemlock is a noble tree2 while young it is very graceful in form1 and when approaching maturity its horizontal limbs give it the appearance of the ,cedar of ,lebanon4 ,its timber1 however1 is not esteemed so highly as that of the ,pine1 being of a loose and open character4 ,but1 although this is the case1 it is largely used for rough boarding purposes1 as in building barns1 and in making side-walks4 ,the bark of this tree is valuable for tanning leather4 ,the ,black ,spruce ,fir1 or ,gum ,spruce1 as it is often called1 is very common on most flat and cool-bottomed lands in ,canada1 and also on the banks of lakes and rivers4 ,it is a tall and beautifully formed tree1 having a dark brown bark1 and very dark green leaves4 ,it is from these characteristics that it derives its name4 ,it grows to a height varying from #gj to #ajj feet1 but the stems seldom attain diameters over two feet at the bottom4 ,the timber1 though light1 is very tough and strong4 ,the ,balsam is one of the handsomest members of this family4 ,commercially it is not of much value1 but as an ornamental tree it is unsurpassed--its regular conical form1 closely set branches1 and deep green leaves1 rendering it a conspicuous object in any landscape4 ,the ,balsam seldom exceeds forty or fifty feet in height4 ,although the ,firs1 like the ,pines1 are reared from seeds which ripen in ,october and ,november1 they may be grown from cuttings of the young wood1 as rare kinds sometimes are when their seeds cannot be had4 ,the ,thuja1 or ,arbor vit1 as it is generally called1 is a very useful class of ,canadian trees4 ,it grows to a large size1 and is found chiefly on the ,pacific slope4 ,there is only one species which is a native of ,ontario1 and to it alone we shall here refer4 ,it is known to most people in ,ontario under the name of the ,white ,cedar4 ,how it came to be called a ,cedar we do not know2 but its true name is the ,arbor vit4 ,this species is too familiar to the people of the eastern provinces of ,canada to require any lengthened description1 as many farmers have it growing in the swampy parts of their bushes1 and find it useful for various purposes1 especially as rails for fencing4 ,the leaves of this tree are so small1 that to a casual observer1 they scarcely appear to be leaves4 ,if they are closely looked at1 however1 it will be seen that they are in opposite pairs1 and lie flat and pressed on the twigs1 each pair overlapping the other like the shingles on a house-top4 ,when they are roughly handled1 they give out a strong aromatic smell4 ,the tree1 although it grows to large dimensions--some times to eighty or ninety feet in height1 with stems from two to three feet in diameter--cannot be considered an ornamental one1 as its branches are too loose and open1 and its leaves too small1 to give it a clothed look4 ,its timber1 however1 is of the most valuable description1 being very durable1 and in this respect it is not surpassed by any other tree4 ,much of it is used for railway ties4 ,the ,thujas are all grown from seeds1 but like the ,firs1 they may be reared from cuttings4 ,,lxxv4--,,bingen ,,on ,,the ,,rhine4 ,,hon4 ,,mrs4 ,,norton4 ,a soldier of the ,legion1 lay dying in ,algiers2 ,there was lack of woman's nursing1 there was dearth of woman's tears2 ,but a comrade stood beside him1 while his life-blood ebbed away1 ,and bent with pitying glances1 to hear what he might say4 ,the dying soldier faltered1 as he took that comrade's hand1 ,and he said3 8,i never more shall see my own1 my native land2 ,take a message1 and a token1 to some distant friends of mine1 ,for ,i was born at ,bingen1--at ,bingen on the ,rhine4 8,tell my brothers and companions1 when they meet and crowd around1 ,to hear my mournful story1 in the pleasant vineyard ground1 ,that we fought the battle bravely2 and when the day was done1 ,full many a corpse lay ghastly pale1 beneath the setting sun4 ,and 'mid the dead and dying were some grown old in wars-- ,the death-wound on their gallant breasts1 the last of many scars2 ,but some were young1 and suddenly beheld life's morn decline2 ,and one had come from ,bingen1--fair ,bingen on the ,rhine4 8,tell my mother1 that her other sons shall comfort her old age2 ,and ,i was aye a truant bird1 that thought his home a cage2 ,for my father was a soldier1 and1 even as a child1 ,my heart leaped forth to hear him tell of struggles fierce and wild2 ,and when he died1 and left us to divide his scanty hoard1 ,i let them take whate'er they would1 but kept my father's sword2 ,and with boyish love ,i hung it1 where the bright light used to shine1 ,on the cottage wall at ,bingen1--calm ,bingen on the ,rhine6 8,tell my sister not to weep for me1 and sob with drooping head1 ,when the troops are marching home again1 with glad and gallant tread2 ,but to look upon them proudly1 with a calm and steadfast eye1 ,for her brother was a soldier too1 and not afraid to die4 ,and if a comrade seek her love1 ,i ask her in my name1 ,to listen to him kindly1 without regret or shame2 ,and to hang the old sword in its place 7my father's sword and mine71 ,for the honor of old ,bingen1--dear ,bingen on the ,rhine6 8,there's another--not a sister2--in the happy days gone by1 ,you'd have known her by the merriment that sparkled in her eye2 ,too innocent for coquetry1 too fond for idle scorning1-- ,o friend1 ,i fear the lightest heart makes sometimes heaviest mourning6 ,tell her the last night of my life1--for ere this moon be risen1 ,my body will be out of pain1 my soul be out of prison-- ,i dreamed ,i stood with her1 and saw the yellow sunlight shine ,on the vine-clad hills of ,bingen1--fair ,bingen on the ,rhine6 8,i saw the blue ,rhine sweep along2 ,i heard1 or seemed to hear1 ,the ,german songs we used to sing in chorus sweet and clear2 ,and down the pleasant river1 and up the slanting hill1 ,that echoing chorus sounded1 through the evening calm and still2 ,and her glad blue eyes were on me1 as we passed with friendly talk1 ,down many a path beloved of yore1 and well-remembered walk2 ,and her little hand lay lightly1 confidingly in mine1-- ,but we'll meet no more at ,bingen1--loved ,bingen on the ,rhine60 ,his voice grew faint and hoarser2 his grasp was childish weak2 ,his eyes put on a dying look2 he sighed1 and ceased to speak4 ,his comrade bent to lift him1 but the spark of life had fled1-- ,the soldier of the ,legion1 in a foreign land--was dead6 ,and the soft moon rose up slowly1 and calmly she looked down ,on the red sand of the battle-field1 with bloody corpses strewn2 ,yea1 calmly on that dreadful scene1 her pale light seemed to shine1 ,as it shone on distant ,bingen1--fair ,bingen on the ,rhine6 ,word ,exercise4 aye 77 strewn 7strne7 vneyard 7vn-7 ,legion 7leejun7 ,rhine 7rn7 dearth 7derth7 ,al-giers 7-jeers7 co-qutry 7-kt-7 7or kokt-ry7 ,bingen ,german ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4--;,a soldier of the ,legion4--#b4 ,pitying glances4--#c4 ,take a token4--#d4 ,ghastly pale4--#e4 ,beheld life's morn decline4--#f4 ,aye a truant bird4--#g4 ,to divide his scanty hoard4--#h4 ,gallant tread4--#i4 ,a path beloved of yore4--#aj4 ,soft moon4 ,,lxxvi4--,,canadian ,,trees4 ,,james ,,brown1 ,,ll4,d4 ,,second ,,reading4--,,hard ,,woods4 ,let us now briefly describe the principal varieties of our ,canadian trees which lose their leaves every autumn1 and are therefore called ,deciduous ,trees2 and first we shall begin with the ,oak4 ,there are at least thirty different species of ,oaks found in our ,canadian forests1 all growing to a size that makes them valuable as timber4 ,most of them form noble specimens of ornamental trees1 when they stand out free1 and separate from each other4 ,the ,white ,oak1 when so found1 is one of the grandest objects in the vegetable kingdom4 ,the seeds of the ,oak1 which are called acorns1 are found ripe on the trees in ,october and ,november4 ,there are about ten different species of ,maples found in our woods1 all beautiful and ornamental trees4 ,the ,sugar ,maple is a tree of especial beauty1 and in the autumn months is remarkable for the brilliant color of its leaves4 ,the seeds of the ,maple are what is called winged4 ,they may be found lying under the old trees in autumn4 ,the ,ash is another valuable ,canadian tree2 and of this genus about twenty species are found in our forests4 ,all are more or less valuable1 both for their timber and for their ornamental qualities4 ,several of the species1 especially those called the ,white and the ,black ,ash1 are found upwards of #ajj feet in height1 with diameters1 close to the ground1 of three to four feet through4 ,the timber is much prized for its toughness and strength1 and is used in the manufacture of implements1 barrel hoops1 and the wood-work of machinery4 ,the ,ash is always found on deep land1 having a rather damp and cool bottom4 ,the seeds are ripe in ,november1 and may then be gathered from the trees4 ,of the ,beech1 there is only one species found in ,canada1 but here and there varieties of it are to be met with1 caused by difference of soil and aspect4 ,it grows to a large size1 when not closely surrounded by other trees4 ,its timber is held in high esteem2 but as it does not last long when exposed to the weather1 it should therefore be used for indoor purposes only4 ,the ,beech is not a long-lived tree1 as it becomes matured within #aej years4 ,it succeeds best on dry1 gravelly soils4 ,the seeds are called nuts1 and are ripe in ,october1 as every country schoolboy knows4 ,the ,sweet ,chestnut is another of our timber trees deserving of notice4 ,there is only one species of it to be found in ,canada1 and it is in all respects the same as the ,european ,sweet ,chestnut4 ,it is a majestic tree1 where found standing alone1 and its timber is of a very durable nature1 much sought after for many purposes1 especially for posts and fence-rails4 ,this tree grows best on deep1 dry1 and strong land1 where it often reaches a height of #ajj feet1 with a proportionate trunk4 ,the seeds are called nuts1 and may be used as food4 ,the ,hornbeam 7or ,ironwood1 as it is generally called in ,canada17 is a tree of moderate size1 and is plentiful on the dry parts of our forest-land4 ,it has much the same appearance as the ,beech1 but it is easily distinguished from that tree by the curled edges of its leaves1 and by its darker and rougher bark4 ,the timber is very hard1 of a close and compact texture1 and is much used for farm purposes1 where strength is required4 ,the seeds of this tree are called nuts1 and each is enclosed in a peculiar leafy substance1 called by botanists a perianth4 ,the ,walnut is found plentifully in most bushes in the southern parts of ,ontario4 ,it includes nine or ten species1 all growing to considerable size1 and forming very handsome trees1 as for example1 the ,black ,walnut1 ,butternut1 ,pecan ,nut1 ,hickory1 ,bitter ,nut1 and ,hog ,nut3 each having beautiful foliage4 ,the ,hickory is especially known for the toughness and other valuable qualities of its timber2 and every boy is familiar with the delicious nuts which this tree produces4 ,all these trees grow best on a deep1 rich soil4 ,the ,plane is another member of our ,canadian forests deserving of notice1 and is a tree of peculiar beauty4 ,its wide-spreading branches1 clothed with large leaves1 make it well adapted for shelter or shade4 ,in ,canada it is best known by the name of ,cotton-wood1 or ,button-wood1 and is also familiar as the ,sycamore4 ,the ,british name for it is the ,plane ,tree4 ,it is found on deep1 loamy lands1 by the sides of our rivers and lakes1 forming a tall1 massive-headed tree1 often upwards of #acj feet in height1 with a trunk of from three to five feet in diameter4 ,the timber is not held in high estimation1 though sometimes used for furniture-making1 and for some parts of the inner work of house-building4 ,the tree can be grown from cuttings of the young wood4 ,the ,elm in our woods is a stately tree1 and often rises to the height of #adj feet1 with a stem of six feet in diameter4 ,there are several species of ,elm1 but the most important is the ,white1 which1 on deep and cool-bottomed land1 attains the dimensions stated4 ,where individuals of this species stand alone1 with all their limbs fully developed1 they form grand and imposing objects4 ,the timber of the various species is used in house-building and in the manufacture of agricultural implements4 ,the seeds ripen in the early part of summer when they may be gathered and sown at once4 ,of the ,birch there are several species found in our woods1 but the ,tall ,birch and the ,paper ,birch are the most important and best known4 ,both species are of graceful habit and foliage4 ,the ,paper ,birch is particularly remarkable on account of its cream-colored1 paper-like bark4 ,both kinds attain large dimensions in favorable soil1 being often found from #ij to #ajj feet high1 with stems of two or three feet in diameter4 ,it is from the bark of the ,paper ,birch that the ,indians construct their canoes2 hence it is often called the ,canoe ,birch4 ,the timber of this tree enters largely into the manufacture of furniture1 and for this purpose it is exported to ,europe4 ,the seeds are contained in catkins1 which hang from the points of the branches1 and ripen in ,october4 ,the ,tulip may be easily known by its leaves1 which are quite unlike those of almost any other tree1 and much resemble a riding saddle4 ,it grows to a large size1 and is highly ornamental2 its luxuriant foliage1 together with its numerous greenish-yellow1 tulip-shaped flowers1 giving it a fine appearance4 ,the timber is soft1 and of no especial value4 ,there is only one species4 ,of the ,lime we have four different species in our woods1 namely3 the ,broad-leaved1 the ,downy-leaved1 the ,thin-leaved1 and the ,variable-leaved4 ,this tree is more generally known to ,canadians by the name of ,basswood4 ,all the species are graceful trees1 with sweet-smelling flowers4 ,many of them grow to a large size on rich1 deep lands1 often attaining the height of #abj feet1 with stems ranging from three to five feet in diameter4 ,the timber is white and soft1 when newly cut up1 but1 as it becomes seasoned1 it acquires firmness of texture1 and when kept dry1 lasts well in house-building4 ,it is employed by shoemakers and saddlers for cutting-boards1 and is well-suited for carving purposes4 ,,lxxvii4--,,burial ,,of ,,sir ,,john ,,moore4 ,,charles ,,wolfe4 ,not a drum was heard1 not a funeral note1 ,as his corpse to the rampart we hurried2 ,not a soldier discharged his farewell shot ,o'er the grave where our hero we buried4 ,we buried him darkly at dead of night1 ,the sods with our bayonets turning2 ,by the struggling moonbeam's misty light1 ,and the lantern dimly burning4 ,no useless coffin enclosed his breast1 ,nor in sheet nor in shroud we wound him2 ,but he lay like a warrior taking his rest1 ,with his martial cloak around him4 ,few and short were the prayers we said1 ,and we spoke not a word of sorrow2 ,but we steadfastly gazed on the face that was dead1 ,and we bitterly thought of the morrow4 ,we thought as we hollowed his narrow bed1 ,and smoothed down his lonely pillow1 ,that the foe and the stranger would tread o'er his head1 ,and we far away on the billow6 ,lightly they'll talk of the spirit that's gone1 ,and o'er his cold ashes upbraid him1-- ,but little he'll reck1 if they let him sleep on ,in the grave where a ,briton has laid him4 ,but half of our heavy task was done ,when the clock struck the hour for retiring2 ,and we heard the distant and random gun ,that the foe was sullenly firing4 ,slowly and sadly we laid him down1 ,from the field of his fame fresh and gory2 ,we carved not a line1 and we raised not a stone1 ,but we left him alone with his glory4 ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,we buried him darkly4--#b4 ,at dead of night4--#c4 ,misty light4--#d4 ,useless coffin4--#e4 ,martial cloak4--#f4 ,bitterly thought4--#g4 ,lightly they'll talk4--#h4 ,little he'll reck4--#i4 ,random gun4--#aj4 ,sullenly firing4--#aa4 ,field of his fame4 ,,lxxviii4--,,the ,,golden ,,touch4 ,,nathaniel ,,hawthorne4 ,,first ,,reading4 ,illustration ,once upon a time1 there lived a very rich man1 and a king besides1 whose name was ,midas2 and he had a little daughter1 whom nobody but myself ever heard of1 and whose name ,i either never knew1 or have entirely forgotten4 ,so1 because ,i love odd names for little girls1 ,i choose to call her ,marygold4 ,this ,king ,midas was fonder of gold than of any thing else in the world4 ,he valued his royal crown chiefly because it was composed of that precious metal4 ,if he loved any thing better1 or half so well1 it was the one little maiden who played so merrily around her father's footstool4 ,but the more ,midas loved his daughter1 the more did he desire and seek for wealth4 ,he thought1 foolish man6 that the best thing he could possibly do for this dear child would be to bequeath her the largest pile of glistening coin1 that had ever been heaped together since the world was made4 ,thus he gave all his thoughts and all his time to this one purpose4 ,if ever he happened to gaze for an instant at the gold-tinted clouds of sunset1 he wished that they were real gold1 and that they could be squeezed safely into his strong box4 ,when little ,marygold ran to meet him1 with a bunch of buttercups and dandelions1 he used to say1 8,pooh1 pooh1 child6 ,if these flowers were as golden as they look1 they would be worth the plucking60 ,at length 7as people always grow more and more foolish1 unless they take care to grow wiser and wiser7 ,midas had got to be so exceedingly unreasonable1 that he could scarcely bear to see or touch any object that was not gold4 ,he made it his custom1 therefore1 to pass a large portion of every day in a dark and dreary apartment1 under ground1 at the basement of his palace4 ,it was here that he kept his wealth4 ,to this dismal hole--for it was little better than a dungeon--,midas betook himself1 whenever he wanted to be particularly happy4 ,here1 after carefully locking the door1 he would take a bag of gold coin1 or a gold cup as big as a washbowl1 or a heavy golden bar1 or a peck-measure of gold-dust1 and bring them from the obscure corners of the room into the one bright and narrow sunbeam that fell from the dungeon-like window4 ,he valued the sunbeam for no other reason but that his treasure would not shine without its help4 ,and then would he reckon over the coins in the bag2 toss up the bar1 and catch it as it came down2 sift the gold-dust through his fingers2 look at the funny image of his own face1 as reflected in the burnished circumference of the cup2 and whisper to himself1 8,o ,midas1 rich ,king ,midas1 what a happy man art thou60 ,midas was enjoying himself in his treasure-room1 one day1 as usual1 when he perceived a shadow fall over the heaps of gold2 and1 looking up1 he beheld the figure of a stranger1 standing in the bright and narrow sunbeam6 ,it was a young man1 with a cheerful and ruddy face4 ,whether it was that the imagination of ,king ,midas threw a yellow tinge over every thing1 or whatever the cause might be1 he could not help fancying that the smile with which the stranger regarded him had a kind of golden brightness in it4 ,certainly1 there was now a brighter gleam upon all the piled-up treasures than before4 ,even the remotest corners had their share of it1 and were lighted up1 when the stranger smiled1 as with tips of flame and sparkles of fire4 ,as ,midas knew that he had carefully turned the key in the lock1 and that no mortal strength could possibly break into his treasure-room1 he1 of course1 concluded that his visitor must be something more than mortal4 ,midas had met such beings before now1 and was not sorry to meet one of them again4 ,the stranger's aspect1 indeed1 was so good-humored and kindly1 if not beneficent1 that it would have been unreasonable to suspect him of intending any mischief4 ,it was far more probable that he came to do ,midas a favor4 ,and what could that favor be1 unless to multiply his heaps of treasure8 ,the stranger gazed about the room2 and1 when his lustrous smile had glistened upon all the golden objects that were there1 he turned again to ,midas4 8,you are a wealthy man1 friend ,midas60 he observed4 8,i doubt whether any other four walls on earth contain so much gold as you have contrived to pile up in this room40 8,i have done pretty well1--pretty well10 answered ,midas1 in a discontented tone4 8,but1 after all1 it is but a trifle1 when you consider that it has taken me my whole lifetime to get it together4 ,if one could live a thousand years1 he might have time to grow rich60 8,what60 exclaimed the stranger4 8,then you are not satisfied80 ,midas shook his head4 8,and pray1 what would satisfy you80 asked the stranger4 8,merely for the curiosity of the thing1 ,i should be glad to know40 ,midas paused and meditated4 ,he felt sure that this stranger1 with such a golden lustre in his good-humored smile1 had come hither with both the power and the purpose of gratifying his utmost wishes4 ,now1 therefore1 was the fortunate moment1 when he had but to speak1 and obtain whatever possible1 or seemingly impossible thing1 it might come into his head to ask4 ,so he thought and thought1 and thought1 and heaped up one golden mountain upon another1 in his imagination1 without being able to imagine them big enough4 ,at last a bright idea occurred to ,king ,midas4 ,raising his head1 he looked the lustrous stranger in the face4 8,well1 ,midas10 observed his visitor1 8,i see that you have at length hit upon something that will satisfy you4 ,tell me your wish40 8,it is only this10 replied ,midas4 8,i am weary of collecting my treasures with so much trouble1 and beholding the heap so diminutive1 after ,i have done my best4 ,i wish every thing that ,i touch to be changed to gold60 ,the stranger's smile grew so bright and radiant1 that it seemed to fill the room like an outburst of the sun1 gleaming into a shadowy dell1 where the yellow autumnal leaves--for so looked the lumps and particles of gold--lie strewn in the glow of light4 8,the ,golden ,touch60 exclaimed he4 8,you certainly deserve credit1 friend ,midas1 for striking out so brilliant a fancy4 ,but are you quite sure that this will satisfy you80 8,how could it fail80 said ,midas4 8,and will you never regret the possession of it80 8,what could induce me80 asked ,midas4 8,i ask nothing else1 to render me perfectly happy40 8,be it as you wish1 then10 replied the stranger1 waving his hand in token of farewell4 8,to-morrow1 at sunrise1 you will find yourself gifted with the ,golden ,touch40 ,the figure of the stranger then became exceedingly bright1 and ,midas involuntarily closed his eyes4 ,on opening them again1 he beheld only one yellow sunbeam in the room1 and1 all around him1 the glistening of the precious metal which he had spent his life in hoarding up4 ,,lxxix4--,,the ,,road ,,to ,,the ,,trenches4 ,,lushington4 ,illustration 8,leave me1 comrades1 here ,i drop1-- ,no1 sir1 take them on1 ,all are wanted1 none should stop1 ,duty must be done2 ,those whose guard you take will find me ,as they pass below40 ,so the soldier spoke1 and staggering1 ,fell amid the snow2 ,and ever on the dreary heights1 ,down came the snow4 8,men1 it must be as he asks2 ,duty must be done2 ,far too few for half our tasks1 ,we can spare not one4 ,wrap him in this2 ,i need it less2 ,fear not1 they shall know2 ,mark the place1 yon stunted larch1-- ,forward10--on they go2 ,and silent on their silent march1 ,down sank the snow4 ,o'er his features as he lies1 ,calms the wrench of pain3 ,close faint eyes1 pass cruel skies1 ,freezing mountain plain2 ,with far1 soft sound1 the stillness teems1 ,church bells--voices low1 ,passing into ,english dreams ,there amid the snow2 ,and darkening1 thickening o'er the heights1 ,down fell the snow4 ,looking1 looking for the mark1 ,down the others came1 ,struggling through the snowdrifts stark1 ,calling out his name2 8,here1--or there2 the drifts are deep2 ,have we passed him80--,no6 ,look1 a little growing heap1 ,snow above the snow2 ,where heavy on his heavy sleep1 ,down fell the snow4 ,strong hands raised him1 voices strong ,spoke within his ears2 ,ah6 his dreams had softer tongue1 ,neither now he hears4 ,one more gone for ,england's sake1 ,where so many go1 ,lying down without complaint1 ,dying in the snow2 ,starving1 striving for her sake1 ,dying in the snow4 ,simply done his soldier's part1 ,through long months of woe2 ,all endured with soldier heart1 ,battle1 famine1 snow4 ,noble1 nameless1 ,english heart1 ,snow cold1 in snow6 ,,lxxx4--,,the ,,root4 ,,figuier4 ,commit a seed to the earth2 plant1 for example1 a ,lima bean1 at the depth of two inches in moist vegetable soil4 ,the seed will not be slow to germinate2 first swelling1 and then bursting its outer skin1 a vegetable in miniature will1 after a time1 slowly reveal itself to the observer4 ,in the meantime two very distinct parts make their appearance2 one1 yellowish in color1 already throwing out slender fibrous shoots1 sinks farther into the soil1--this is the radicle1 or root2 the other of a pale greenish color1 takes the opposite direction1 ascends to the surface1 and rises above the ground1--this is the stem4 ,this root and stem are the essential organs of vegetation1 without which1 when we have excepted certain vegetables of an inferior order1 plants adorned with leaves and flowers cannot exist4 ,how vast the difference between the verdant top of a tree1 which rises graceful and elegant into mid-air1--not to speak of the flower it bears--and the coarse1 tangled mass of its roots and rootlets1 without harmony1 without symmetry6 ,these organs1 so little favored in their appearance1 have1 however1 very important functions in the order of vegetable action4 ,the chief offices of the root are two3 in the first place1 it attaches the plant to the soil1 holds it in its place1 and prevents it from being overwhelmed by the elements4 ,in the second1 it feeds the plant by absorbing from the earth the sap necessary to its growth4 ,how is this done8 ,the root branches again and again as it grows1 throwing out numerous smaller branches4 ,these hollow1 thread-like rootlets suck up1 from the soil1 the water and other things1 which are to go1 through the stem or trunk and the branches1 to all the leaves4 ,here these are made into the perfect sap1 which1 being distributed1 causes the plant to grow1 to blossom1 and to bear fruit4 ,the manner in which roots succeed in overcoming obstacles1 has always been a subject of surprise to the observer4 ,the roots of trees and shrubs1 when cramped or hindered in their progress1 have been observed to exhibit considerable mechanical force1 throwing down walls or splitting rocks2 in other cases1 clinging together in bunches1 or spreading out their fibres over a prodigious space1 in order to follow the course of a rivulet with its friendly moisture4 ,a celebrated botanist of the last century relates that1 wishing to preserve a field of rich soil from the roots of a row of elms1 which would soon have exhausted it1 he had a ditch dug between the field and the trees in order to cut the roots off from it4 ,but he saw with surprise that those roots1 which had not been severed in the operation1 had made their way down the slope so as to avoid meeting the light1 had passed under the ditch1 and were again spreading themselves over the field4 ,there are some roots which are developed along the stem itself4 ,these supplementary organs come as helps to the roots properly so called1 and replace them when by any cause they have been destroyed4 ,in the primrose1 for example1 both the principal and the secondary roots springing from it1 perish after some years of growth1 but the supplementary roots1 springing from the lower part of the stalk1 prevent the plant from dying4 ,in the tropical forests of ,america and ,asia1 the vanilla1 whose fruit is so sought after for its sweet aroma1 twines its slender stem round the neighboring trees1 forming an elegant1 flexible1 and aerial garland1 an ornament in these vast solitudes1 at once grateful and pleasing4 ,the underground roots of the vanilla would not be sufficient for the nutriment of the plant1 and the rising of the nourishing sap would take place too slowly4 ,but ,nature makes up for this inconvenience by the air roots which the plant throws out at intervals along its stem4 ,living in the warm and humid atmosphere of tropical forests1 the stronger shoots soon reach the ground and root themselves in the soil4 ,others float freely in the atmosphere1 inhaling the moisture and conveying it to the parent stem4 ,a grand tree--the banyan1 or the pagoda fig-tree--adorns the landscape of ,india1 and presents the most remarkable development of aerial roots4 ,when the parent stem has attained the height of some fifty or sixty feet1 it throws out side branches in every direction1 and each branch in its turn throws out supplementary roots1 which descend perpendicularly in long slender shoots till they reach the ground4 ,when they have rooted themselves in the soil1 they increase rapidly in diameter1 and soon form around the parent stem thousands of columns1 each throwing out new lateral branches and new roots4 8,the bended twigs take root1 and daughters grow ,about the mother tree1 a pillared shade40 ,the natives love to build their temples in the intervals left between these roots of the wild fig-tree4 ,a famous banyan tree on the ,nerbuddah is said by ,professor ,forbes to have three hundred large and three thousand smaller aerial roots2 it is capable of sheltering thousands of men1 and thus forms one of the marvels of the vegetable world2 it is1 in short1 a forest within a forest4 ,roots constantly endeavor to bury themselves in the earth4 ,they seem to shun the light of day2 and this tendency is to be seen from the very first moment when the root shows itself in the seed4 ,the tendency is so decided1 and appears so inherent in the life of all vegetables1 that if we reverse a germinating seed1 placing it with the root upwards1 the root and the stem will twist round of themselves1--the stem will stretch upward1 and the root will bury itself in the ground4 ,,lxxxi4--,,the ,,water ,,fowl4 ,,bryant4 ,illustration ,whither1 midst falling dew1 ,while glow the heavens with the last steps of day1 ,far1 through their rosy depths1 dost thou pursue ,thy solitary way8 ,vainly the fowler's eye ,might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong1 ,as1 darkly painted on the crimson sky1 ,thy figure floats along4 ,seek'st thou the plashy brink ,of weedy lake1 or marge of river wide1 ,or where the rocking billows rise and sink ,on the chafed ocean side8 ,there is a ,power whose care ,teaches thy way along that pathless coast1-- ,the desert and illimitable air1-- ,lone wandering1 but not lost4 ,all day thy wings have fanned1 ,at that far height1 the cold1 thin atmosphere2 ,yet stoop not1 weary1 to the welcome land1 ,though the dark night is near4 ,and soon that toil shall end2 ,soon shalt thou find a summer home1 and rest1 ,and scream among thy fellows2 reeds shall bend ,soon o'er thy sheltered nest4 ,thou'rt gone2 the abyss of heaven ,hath swallowed up thy form2 yet on my heart ,deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given1 ,and shall not soon depart3 ,he1 who from zone to zone1 ,guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight1 ,in the long way that ,i must tread alone1 ,will lead my steps aright4 ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,glow the heavens4--#b4 ,the last steps of day4--#c4 ,rosy depths4--#d4 ,pursue thy solitary way4--#e4 ,might mark thy distant flight4--#f4 ,darkly painted4--#g4 ,plashy brink4--#h4 ,marge of river4--#i4 ,rocking billows4--#aj4 ,chafed side4--#aa4 ,pathless coast4--#ab4 ,the desert and illimitable air4--#ac4 ,lone wandering4--#ad4 ,thy wings have fanned the atmosphere4--#ae4 ,welcome land4--#af4 ,sheltered nest4--#ag4 ,the abyss of heaven4--#ah4 ,boundless sky4--#ai4 ,certain flight4 ,,lxxxii4--,,shapes ,,of ,,leaves4 ,,gustavus ,,frankenstein4 ,,first ,,reading4 ,by far the greater number of plants have leaves of an oval shape1 and we have only to go through our forests and gardens to see them on every hand4 ,exceedingly varied are they indeed1 from very narrow to very broad oval1 some with toothed1 some with smooth edges1 and some even deeply notched2 and yet to such an extent does this tendency toward a rounded form prevail1 that there seems scarcely a plant in whose leaves a trace of the oval may not be found4 ,the apple tree gives us a good specimen of an oval leaf2 and an immense number of plants have leaves resembling it in shape4 ,in many plants1 the leaves are almost the very counterpart of those of the apple-tree2 in some1 they are narrower1 and in others1 still narrower1 till we come to very slender blades like those of the grasses2 and then1 beyond still1 to the needle-like leaves of the pines4 ,on the other hand1 plants are to be found with leaves broader than the apple-leaf2 and so on1 rounder and rounder1 until we come to such plants as the nasturtium and the water-lily1 whose leaves are almost as round as circles4 ,illustration3 ,,leaf ,,of ,,apple4 ,there are certainly to be met with most remarkable departures from the oval shape1 and we need but refer to such leaves as those of the buckwheat1 to find that roundness seems to be entirely absent4 ,illustration3 ,,buckwheat ,,leaf4 ,this style of leaf1 of which there are many variations1 is apparently built on the model of the heart-shaped leaf1 of which the morning-glory affords a familiar example4 ,it will be noted1 however1 that instead of the curvilinear flow of outline1 in which a tendency to oval roundness is plainly visible1 the hastate leaf of the buckwheat is angular throughout4 ,illustration3 ,,morning-,,glory ,,leaf4 ,another marked characteristic of most leaves is1 that they terminate in a point1 either sharp to extreme slenderness1 or blunt to broad roundness2 for even in a circular leaf there is one point which is its extremity1 and to which the margin from either side approaches by a convexity4 ,to this pointedness of leaves the exceptions are exceedingly rare4 ,a plant found in some parts of our own country--the magnificent tulip-tree--presents1 perhaps1 the most extraordinary of all4 ,illustration3 ,,leaf ,,of ,,tulip-,,tree4 ,now this leaf comes out of a bud-case which is actually oval4 ,the young leaf is folded double inside of its bud-case2 and1 besides1 its small stalk is bent over so as to bring the little leaf to hold its end downwards4 ,we can see this curious arrangement very well1 just after the bud has opened1 and the young leaf has come out4 ,however1 it soon straightens up1 holds its little head aloft1 and looks like a pretty little flag4 ,after this it spreads apart into the full leaf1 and stands up like a banner4 ,if the bud be held up to the light1 the young leaf can be seen nicely folded up inside1 with its head snugly bent down4 ,there is nothing prettier1 or more curious1 to be seen in the woods1 than the young buds of the tulip-trees1 when they are about to open1 or after they have unfurled their little flags2 and all summer long1 even from earliest spring1 the tulip-trees are continually unfolding their buds4 ,illustration3 ,,opening ,,leaf-,,bud ,,of ,,tulip-,,tree4 ,illustration3 ,,early ,,leaf-,,bud ,,of ,,tulip-,,tree4 ,there are leaves broader above than below1 and some1 instead of ending in a point1 have a notch or indentation of some sort4 ,oak-trees give us many fine and varied samples of notched and lobed leaves4 ,and yet the leaf of the chestnut-oak is not at all notched1 being simply ovate1 pointed1 and toothed4 ,the leaves of the bur and the pin oaks1 on the contrary1 are lobed and notched1 and are therefore characteristic oak-leaves1 while those of the chestnut-oak are not so1 because almost all oaks have leaves more or less scalloped or deeply indented4 ,great as is the variety in the shapes of oak leaves1 any one of them would almost surely be at once recognized as belonging to an oak-tree by its peculiar scallopings4 ,but suppose a person had never seen or heard of a chestnut-oak leaf1 would he be likely to recognize such a leaf simply by its outline8 ,there is still another oak with simple leaves2 and they are not even toothed1 but entirely smooth all around the edge4 ,looking at that tree1 which is called the willow-oak1 scarcely anyone would suppose it to be an oak unless he could see its flowers or its fruit1 the acorns4 ,illustration3 ,,chestnut-,,oak ,,leaf4 ,illustration3 ,,bur-,,oak ,,leaf4 ,illustration3 ,,pin-,,oak ,,leaf4 ,this fact brings us to consider a very important point in the study of a plant4 ,it is not the leaf which tells us what kind of plant it is3 it is the flower and the fruit4 ,whatever be the shape of the leaf1 if the plant bears acorns it is an oak4 ,if a tree has cherries and cherry blossoms1 it is a cherry4 ,it is true that1 in many families of plants1 leaves1 by their shape alone1 announce at once the kind of plant to which they belong2 at the same time there is a large number of plants that cannot be known by their leaves1 but only by their flowers and fruits4 ,it is by flowers and fruits that plants are classified2 and the more nearly alike these are in two plants1 the more closely are those plants related4 ,the flower and the fruit proclaim the nature of the plant4 8,a tree is known by its fruit40 ,,lxxxiii4--,,the ,,brook4 ,,tennyson4 ,illustration ,i come from haunts of coots and hern1 ,i make a sudden sally1 ,and sparkle out among the fern1 ,to bicker down a valley4 ,by thirty hills ,i hurry down1 ,or slip between the ridges1 ,by twenty thorps1 a little town1 ,and half a hundred bridges4 ,till last by ,phillip's farm ,i flow ,to join the brimming river1 ,for men may come and men may go1 ,but ,i go on for ever4 ,i chatter over stony ways1 ,in little sharps and trebles1 ,i bubble into eddying bays1 ,i babble on the pebbles4 ,with many a curve my banks ,i fret ,by many a field and fallow1 ,and many a fairy foreland set ,with willow-weed and mallow4 ,i chatter1 chatter1 as ,i flow ,to join the brimming river1 ,for men may come and men may go1 ,but ,i go on for ever4 ,i wind about1 and in and out1 ,with here a blossom sailing1 ,and here and there a lusty trout1 ,and here and there a grayling1 ,and here and there a foamy flake ,upon me1 as ,i travel1 ,with many a silvery waterbreak ,above the golden gravel4 ,and draw them all along1 and flow ,to join the brimming river1 ,for men may come and men may go1 ,but ,i go on for ever4 ,i steal by lawns and grassy plots1 ,i slide by hazel covers2 ,i move the sweet forget-me-nots ,that grow for happy lovers4 ,i slip1 ,i slide1 ,i gloom1 ,i glance1 ,among my skimming swallows2 ,i make the netted sunbeam dance ,against my sandy shallows4 ,i murmur under moon and stars ,in brambly wildernesses2 ,i linger by my shingly bars2 ,i loiter round my cresses2 ,and out again ,i curve and flow ,to join the brimming river1 ,for men may come1 and men may go1 ,but ,i go on for ever4 ,,lxxxiv4--,,shapes ,,of ,,leaves4 ,,gustavus ,,frankenstein4 ,,second ,,reading4 ,although the flower and its fruit tell us what the plant is1 and leaves do not with any certainty1 there is yet a strong similarity1 as well in texture as in shape1 in the leaves of most of the plants comprised within any one family4 ,especially in texture is this marked similarity observable2 and1 perhaps1 in most cases the peculiar structure of the leaf1 aside from its shape1 is indicative of the order to which the plant belongs4 ,the leaves of the grasses are very much alike2 so are the leaves of the sedges2--and though it is true1 also1 that in some instances a sedge-leaf might be mistaken for a grass-leaf1 it must be remembered that the sedge family and the grass family have some points of similarity4 ,again1 if we should come upon a plant belonging to the common potato or nightshade family1 we should be almost sure to recognize the family resemblance at the very first glance1 provided we were already familiar with a number of plants included in that order4 ,yet the leaves of the nightshade family vary considerably in shape1 and it is therefore decisively the texture and peculiar appearance of the leaves1 that announce the kinship of the plant4 ,and thus we are led back to the consideration of the willow-oak and chestnut-oak leaves1 which1 entirely unlike the typical oak-leaf in shape1 are yet very much like all other oak leaves in texture and other essential structure4 ,illustration3 ,,leaf ,,of ,,the ,,rose4 ,still more widely divided than oak leaves1 are such as are called pinnate1 in which the separated parts are actually distinct leaflets1 some even provided with stalks4 ,such compound leaves may be seen in almost every garden by looking at a rose-bush4 ,in the cut1 we see what appears to be five distinct leaves attached to one twig2 but the fact is that they are only leaflets1 and1 together with the stalk which bears them all1 constitute but one complete leaf4 ,each of these leaflets has a short stalk1 connecting it with the main stem1 which passes between the pairs1 and has an odd leaflet at the end4 ,a rose-bush may have leaves of seven or nine leaflets4 ,among our forest trees1 hickory1 walnut1 butternut1 locust1 and ash have pinnate leaves2 and on the honey-locust not only are the leaves pinnate1 but on the same tree1 may also be found leaves doubly pinnate1 and even tripinnate4 ,compound leaves may be seen also in the pea-vine1 which is simply pinnate2 but here the place of the absent terminal leaflet is supplied by a tendril4 ,but if we examine a bean-plant1 we do find an odd leaf1 together with a pair of leaflets2 that is1 each leaf is composed of three leaflets4 ,the many varieties of bean-plants are all thus three-leaved4 ,besides1 the woods are full of three-leaved plants1 belonging to other kinds of the bean or pulse order of plants4 ,in addition to these and some others1 we must not overlook a most extraordinary three-leaved plant1 plentiful in almost every forest1 and on almost every stone-fence in the country2 only too well known by persons who have been poisoned by it1 and yet not so well known by most people as it ought to be1 for it is often confounded with a plant having digitate leaves4 ,illustration3 ,,leaf ,,of ,,poison-,,vine4 ,illustration3 ,,leaf ,,of ,,virginia ,,creeper4 ,here1 side by side1 the forms of the two leaves can be compared4 ,on the right is the digitate leaf of the beautiful ,virginia creeper1 entirely harmless2 on the left is the pinnate leaf of the poison-vine4 ,the innocent plant is five-leaved2 the noxious plant is three-leaved4 ,but we should also notice particularly that the arrangement of the leaflets is quite different in the two plants4 ,in the poison-vine1 we see a pair of leaflets and a terminal odd one2 whereas in the ,virginia creeper1 there is no pairing of leaflets whatever1 but the five parts radiate from a centre4 ,all the leaflets come out together from one point at the tip of the leaf-stalk4 ,plants there are with digitate leaves1 having three1 five1 seven1 nine1 or more leaflets4 ,clover has digitate leaves of three leaflets1 while the leaves of the buck-eye and horse-chestnut have five1 seven1 and nine leaflets4 ,the pretty little wood-sorrel plant of small yellow flowers1 has three most beautiful1 inverted1 heart-shaped leaflets1 radiating from the tip of the little leaf-stalk4 ,illustration3 ,,leaflet ,,of ,,wood-,,sorrel4 ,in leaves like those of the maple we see the main veins radiating from a point at the top of the stalk4 ,such leaves are therefore much like the digitate kind1 only they are not completely divided into separate leaflets4 ,illustration3 ,,maple ,,leaf4 ,sassafras leaves offer forms something different4 ,on the same tree may be seen oval1 two-lobed1 and three-lobed leaves4 ,thus on one and the same plant1 we see leaves strikingly different in form2 yet the texture1 the color1 and the veining are exactly after the same pattern in them all1 so that a sassafras leaf1 whether oval or cleft1 can at once be easily known4 ,recalling to mind the leaf of the apple1 buckwheat1 morning-glory1 oak1 rose1 ,virginia creeper1 maple1 and sassafras1 we have pretty good models after which nearly all leaves are built1 approximating to one or other of these1 with certain variations peculiar to the species4 ,another important matter regarding the leaves of plants1 is their relative position on the stems4 ,there are two principal and very marked arrangements of leaves4 ,leaves are either opposite one another on the stem1 or they are alternate or not opposite4 ,there are whole orders of plants with none but opposite leaves1 as the mint family4 ,in other orders1 the leaves of every plant are alternate4 ,and again1 in some orders1 and even on the same plants1 are found both opposite and alternate leaves1 as in the composite or sunflower family2 and a single wild sunflower plant itself has opposite leaves below1 and alternate leaves above4 ,of our forest trees1 there are very few species with opposite leaves4 ,if you see that the branches and leaves of a tree do not stand one opposite another on the stem1 you can at once be sure that it is not an ash1 a maple1 or a buck-eye1 because all these trees do have opposite leaves4 ,on the other hand1 there are many trees having alternate branches and leaves1 such as the oak1 chestnut1 elm1 hickory1 walnut1 butternut1 tulip-tree1 alder1 beech1 birch1 poplar1 willow1 mulberry1 linden1 locust1 and others4 ,,lxxxv4--,,the ,,burial ,,of ,,moses ,,mrs4 ,,cecil ,,frances ,,alexander4 ,by ,nebo's lonely mountain1 ,on this side ,jordan's wave1 ,in a vale in the land of ,moab1 ,there lies a lonely grave4 ,and no man knows that sepulchre1 ,and no man saw it e'er2 ,for the angels of ,god upturned the sod1 ,and laid the dead man there4 ,that was the grandest funeral ,that ever passed on earth2 ,but no man heard the trampling1 ,or saw the train go forth2-- ,noiselessly as the daylight ,comes when the night is done1 ,and the crimson streak on ocean's cheek ,grows into the great sun2 ,noiselessly as the spring-time ,her crown of verdure weaves1 ,and all the trees on all the hills ,open their thousand leaves3 ,so1 without sound of music1 ,or voice of them that wept1 ,silently down from the mountain's crown ,the great procession swept4 ,perchance the bald old eagle1 ,on gray ,beth-peor's height1 ,out of his lonely eyrie ,looked on the wondrous sight2 ,perchance the lion stalking1 ,still shuns that hallowed spot2 ,for beast and bird have seen and heard ,that which man knoweth not4 ,but when the warrior dieth1 ,his comrades in the war1 ,with arms reversed and muffled drum1 ,follow his funeral car2 ,they show the banners taken1 ,they tell his battles won1 ,and after him lead his masterless steed1 ,while peals the minute gun4 ,amid the noblest of the land1 ,we lay the sage to rest1 ,and give the bard an honored place1 ,with costly marble dressed1 ,in the great minster transept1 ,where lights like glories fall1 ,and the sweet choir sings1 and the organ rings ,along the emblazoned wall4 ,this was the bravest warrior ,that ever buckled sword2 ,this the most gifted poet ,that ever breathed a word2 ,and never earth's philosopher ,traced1 with his golden pen1 ,on the deathless page1 truths half so sage1 ,as he wrote down for men4 ,and had he not high honor1-- ,the hill-side for his pall2 ,to lie in state1 while angels wait1 ,with stars for tapers tall2 ,and the dark rock-pines1 like tossing plumes1 ,over his bier to wave2 ,and ,god's own hand1 in that lonely land1 ,to lay him in the grave2-- ,in that strange grave1 without a name1 ,whence his uncoffined clay ,shall break again--,o wondrous thought6-- ,before the ,judgment-day1 ,and stand with glory wrapped around ,on the hills he never trod1 ,and speak of the strife that won our life1 ,with the ,incarnate ,son of ,god8 ,o lonely grave in ,moab's land6 ,o dark ,beth-peor's hill6 ,speak to these curious hearts of ours1 ,and teach them to be still4 ,god hath ,his mysteries of grace1-- ,ways that we cannot tell2 ,he hides them deep1 like the hidden sleep1 ,of him ,he loved so well6 ,,lxxxvi4--,,the ,,golden ,,touch4 ,,nathaniel ,,hawthorne4 ,,second ,,reading4 ,whether ,midas slept as usual that night1 the story does not say4 ,but when the earliest sunbeam shone through the window1 and gilded the ceiling over his head1 it seemed to him that this bright yellow sunbeam was reflected in rather a singular way on the white covering of the bed4 ,looking more closely1 what was his astonishment and delight1 when he found that this linen fabric had been transmuted to what seemed a woven texture of the purest and brightest gold6 ,the ,golden ,touch had come to him with the first sunbeam6 ,midas started up1 in a kind of joyful frenzy1 and ran about the room1 grasping at every thing that happened to be in his way4 ,he seized one of the bedposts1 and it became immediately a fluted golden pillar4 ,he pulled aside a window-curtain in order to admit a clear spectacle of the wonders which he was performing1 and the tassel grew heavy in his hand1--a mass of gold4 ,he took up a book from the table2 at his first touch1 it assumed the appearance of such a splendidly bound and gilt-edged volume as one often meets with now-a-days2 but on running his fingers through the leaves1 behold6 it was a bundle of thin golden plates1 in which all the wisdom of the book had grown illegible4 ,he hurriedly put on his clothes1 and was enraptured to see himself in a magnificent suit of gold cloth1 which retained its flexibility and softness1 although it burdened him a little with its weight4 ,he drew out his handkerchief1 which little ,marygold had hemmed for him2 that was likewise gold1 with the dear child's neat and pretty stitches running all along the border1 in gold thread6 ,somehow or other1 this last transformation did not quite please ,king ,midas4 ,he would rather that his little daughter's handiwork should have remained just the same as when she climbed his knee and put it into his hand4 ,but it was not worth while to vex himself about a trifle4 ,midas took his spectacles from his pocket1 and put them on his nose1 in order that he might see more distinctly what he was about4 ,in those days1 spectacles for common people had not been invented1 but were already worn by kings2 else1 how could ,midas have had any8 ,to his great perplexity1 however1 excellent as the glasses were1 he discovered that he could not possibly see through them4 ,but this was the most natural thing in the world2 for1 on taking them off1 the transparent crystals turned out to be plates of yellow metal1 and1 of course1 were worthless as spectacles1 though valuable as gold4 ,it struck ,midas as rather inconvenient1 that1 with all his wealth1 he could never again be rich enough to own a pair of serviceable spectacles4 8,it is no great matter1 nevertheless10 said he to himself1 ,very philosophically4 8,we can not expect any great good1 without its being accompanied with some small inconvenience4 ,the ,golden ,touch is worth the sacrifice of a pair of spectacles at least1 if not of one's very eyesight4 ,my own eyes will serve for ordinary purposes1 and little ,marygold will soon be old enough to read to me40 ,wise ,king ,midas was so exalted by his good fortune1 that the palace seemed not sufficiently spacious to contain him4 ,he therefore went down stairs1 and smiled on observing that the balustrade of the staircase became a bar of burnished gold1 as his hand passed over it1 in his descent4 ,he lifted the door-latch 7it was brass only a moment ago1 but golden when his fingers quitted it71 and emerged into the garden4 ,here1 as it happened1 he found a great number of beautiful roses in full bloom1 and others in all the stages of lovely bud and blossom4 ,very delicious was their fragrance in the morning breeze4 ,their delicate blush was one of the fairest sights in the world2 so gentle1 so modest1 and so full of sweet soothing1 did these roses seem to be4 ,but ,midas knew a way to make them far more precious1 according to his way of thinking1 than roses had ever been before4 ,so he took great pains in going from bush to bush1 and exercised his magic touch most untiringly2 until every individual flower and bud1 and even the worms at the heart of some of them1 were changed to gold4 ,by the time this good work was completed1 ,king ,midas was summoned to breakfast2 and as the morning air had given him an excellent appetite1 he made haste back to the palace4 ,what was usually a king's breakfast in the days of ,midas1 ,i really do not know1 and can not stop now to investigate4 ,to the best of my knowledge1 however1 on this particular morning1 the breakfast consisted of hot cakes1 some nice little brook trout1 roasted potatoes1 fresh boiled eggs1 and coffee for ,king ,midas himself1 and a bowl of bread and milk for his daughter ,marygold4 ,little ,marygold had not yet made her appearance4 ,her father ordered her to be called1 and seating himself at table1 awaited the child's coming1 in order to begin his own breakfast4 ,to do ,midas justice1 he really loved his daughter1 and loved her so much the more this morning1 on account of the good fortune which had befallen him4 ,it was not a great while before he heard her coming along the passage1 crying bitterly4 ,this circumstance surprised him1 because ,marygold was one of the most cheerful little people whom you would see in a summer's day1 and hardly shed a tear in a twelvemonth4 ,when ,midas heard her sobs1 he determined to put little ,marygold into better spirits by an agreeable surprise2 so1 leaning across the table1 he touched his daughter's bowl 7which was a china one1 with pretty figures all around it71 and changed it into gleaming gold4 ,meanwhile1 ,marygold slowly and sadly opened the door1 and showed herself with her apron at her eyes1 still sobbing as if her heart would break4 8,how now1 my little lady60 cried ,midas4 8,pray1 what is the matter with you1 this bright morning80 ,marygold1 without taking the apron from her eyes1 held out her hand1 in which was one of the roses which ,midas had so recently changed into gold4 8,beautiful60 exclaimed her father4 8,and what is there in this magnificent golden rose to make you cry80 8,ah1 dear father60 answered the child1 between her sobs1 8it is not beautiful1 but the ugliest flower that ever grew6 ,as soon as ,i was dressed1 ,i ran into the garden to gather some roses for you2 because ,i know you like them1 and like them the better when gathered by your little daughter4 ,but oh1 dear1 dear me6 ,what do you think has happened8 ,such a sad thing6 ,all the beautiful roses1 that smelled so sweetly1 and had so many lovely blushes1 are blighted and spoilt6 ,they are grown quite yellowy as you see this one1 and have no longer any fragrance6 ,what can have been the matter with them80 8,pooh1 my dear little girl1--pray don't cry about it60 said ,midas1 who was ashamed to confess that he himself had wrought the change which so greatly afflicted her4 8,sit down1 and eat your bread and milk4 ,you will find it easy enough to exchange a golden rose like that 7which will last hundreds of years71 for an ordinary one which would wither in a day40 8,i don't care for such roses as this60 cried ,marygold1 tossing it contemptuously away4 8,it has no smell1 and the hard petals prick my nose60 ,the child now sat down to table1 but was so occupied with her grief for the blighted roses that she did not even notice the wonderful change in her china bowl4 ,perhaps this was all the better2 for ,marygold was accustomed to take pleasure in looking at the queer figures and strange trees and houses that were painted on the outside of the bowl2 and those ornaments were now entirely lost in the yellow hue of the metal4 ,midas1 meanwhile1 had poured out a cup of coffee2 and1 as a matter of course1 the coffee-pot1 whatever metal it may have been when he took it up1 was gold when he set it down4 ,he thought to himself that it was rather an extravagant style of splendor1 in a king of his simple habits1 to breakfast off a service of gold1 and began to be puzzled with the difficulty of keeping his treasures safe4 ,the cupboard and the kitchen would no longer be a secure place of deposit for articles so valuable as golden bowls and golden coffee-pots4 ,amid these thoughts1 he lifted a spoonful of coffee to his lips1 and1 sipping it1 was astonished to perceive that1 the instant his lips touched the liquid1 it became molten gold1 and1 the next moment1 hardened into a lump6 8,ha60 exclaimed ,midas1 rather aghast4 8,what is the matter1 father80 asked little ,marygold1 gazing at him1 with the tears still standing in her eyes4 8,nothing1 child1 nothing60 said ,midas4 8,take your milk before it gets quite cold40 ,he took one of the nice little trouts on his plate1 and touched its tail with his finger4 ,to his horror1 it was immediately changed from a brook-trout into a gold fish1 and looked as if it had been very cunningly made by the nicest goldsmith in the world4 ,its little bones were now golden wires2 its fins and tail were thin plates of gold2 and there were the marks of the fork in it1 and all the delicate1 frothy appearance of a nicely fried fish1 exactly imitated in metal4 8,i don't quite see10 thought he to himself1 8how ,i am to get any breakfast60 ,he took one of the smoking-hot cakes1 and had scarcely broken it1 when1 to his cruel mortification1 though a moment before1 it had been of the whitest wheat1 it assumed the yellow hue of ,indian meal4 ,its solidity and increased weight made him too bitterly sensible that it was gold4 ,almost in despair1 he helped himself to a boiled egg1 which immediately underwent a change similar to that of the trout and the cake4 8,well1 this is terrible60 thought he1 leaning back in his chair1 and looking quite enviously at little ,marygold1 who was now eating her bread and milk with great satisfaction4 8,such a costly breakfast before me1 and nothing that can be eaten60 ,hoping that1 by dint of great dispatch1 he might avoid what he now felt to be a considerable inconvenience1 ,king ,midas next snatched a hot potato1 and attempted to cram it into his mouth1 and swallow it in a hurry4 ,but the ,golden ,touch was too nimble for him4 ,he found his mouth full1 not of mealy potato1 but of solid metal1 which so burnt his tongue that he roared aloud1 and1 jumping up from the table1 began to dance and stamp about the room1 both with pain and affright4 8,father1 dear father60 cried little ,marygold1 who was a very affectionate child1 8pray what is the matter8 ,have you burnt your mouth80 8,ah1 dear child10 groaned ,midas1 dolefully1 8,i don't know what is to become of your poor father60 99 99 99 99 99 ,oh1 many a shaft at random sent1 ,finds mark1 the archer little meant6 ,and many a word at random spoken1 ,may soothe1 or wound1 a heart that's broken4 --,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,,lxxxvii4--,,the ,,may ,,queen4 ,,tennyson4 ,,first ,,reading4 ,illustration ,you must wake and call me early1 call me early1 mother dear2 ,to-morrow 'ill be the happiest time of all the glad ,new-year2 ,of all the glad ,new-year1 mother1 the maddest1 merriest day2 ,for ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,there's many a black black eye1 they say1 but none so bright as mine2 ,there's ,margaret and ,mary1 there's ,kate and ,caroline3 ,but none so fair as little ,alice in all the land they say1 ,so ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,i sleep so sound all night1 mother1 that ,i shall never wake1 ,if you do not call me loud when the day begins to break3 ,but ,i must gather knots of flowers1 and buds and garlands gay1 ,for ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,as ,i came up the valley whom think ye should ,i see1 ,but ,robin leaning on the bridge beneath the hazel-tree8 ,he thought of that sharp look1 mother1 ,i gave him yesterday1-- ,but ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,he thought ,i was a ghost1 mother1 for ,i was all in white1 ,and ,i ran by him without speaking1 like a flash of light4 ,they call me cruel-hearted1 but ,i care not what they say1 ,for ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,they say he's dying all for love1 but that can never be3 ,they say his heart is breaking1 mother--what is that to me8 ,there's many a bolder lad 'ill woo me any summer day1 ,and ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,little ,effie shall go with me to-morrow to the green1 ,and you'll be there1 too1 mother1 to see me made the ,queen3 ,for the shepherd lads on every side 'ill come from far away1 ,and ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,the honeysuckle round the porch has wov'n its wavy bowers1 ,and by the meadow-trenches blow the faint sweet cuckoo-flowers2 ,and the wild marsh-marigold shines like fire in swamps and hollows gray1 ,and ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,the night-winds come and go1 mother1 upon the meadow-grass1 ,and the happy stars above them seem to brighten as they pass2 ,there will not be a drop of rain the whole of the livelong day1 ,and ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,all the valley1 mother1 'ill be fresh and green and still1 ,and the cowslip and the crowfoot are over all the hill1 ,and the rivulet in the flowery dale 'ill merrily glance and play1 ,for ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,so you must wake and call me early1 call me early1 mother dear1 ,to-morrow 'ill be the happiest time of all the glad ,new-year3 ,to-morrow 'ill be of all the year the maddest1 merriest day1 ,for ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may1 mother1 ,i'm to be ,queen o' the ,may4 ,,lxxxviii4--,,the ,,flower4 ,why comes the flower upon the plant8 ,that fruit may come4 ,and why the fruit8 ,that it may hold1 protect1 and cherish the seed4 ,and why the seed8 ,that the plant may have offspring--that other plants may grow up and be as near like itself as one living thing can well be like another4 ,the flower is the beginning of the seed1 the first step toward reproduction1 and the fruit is the flower completed4 ,if it does throw aside its floral ornaments1--its petals or other adorning or useful parts of its blooming period1--it still retains the maturing seed and ends in the ripened fruit4 ,look inside of almost any flower and you will see embosomed in its petals the thread-like organs called stamens with little yellow knobs at their ends4 ,shake them2 if they are ripe1 they will give up the fine dust or pollen1 so light that the breeze will blow it away4 ,some flowers have few stamens1 some have many1 and of the latter the apple and cherry blossoms afford examples4 ,most of the different grasses have three stamens to each of their little flowers4 ,for example1 a head of timothy-grass has a long thick bunch of flowers1 crowded together at the top of the slender stem4 ,early in the summer1 about ,june1 you may see the little stamens peeping out all around1 three of them together1 and their little golden knobs dangling in the breeze4 ,some plants have only two stamens on a flower1 and there is a water plant1 called the mare's-tail1 with only one stamen4 ,a few flowers1 indeed1 are wholly destitute of this organ4 ,besides the stamens1 there are also in most flowers1 other threads1 stems1 or knobs1 somewhat like the stamens1 but generally of a different color4 ,these pistils1 as they are called1 have their place in the centre of the flower1 whilst the stamens stand around them4 ,unlike the stamens1 the pistils have no pollen2 but it is on the latter that the pollen must fall1 in order that the plant may bear seed4 ,it is in the bottom of the pistils1 that the seeds grow1 but there will be no seed1 unless the dust or pollen from the stamens1 falls on the pistils4 ,most plants bear flowers that have both stamens and pistils4 ,such flowers are called perfect flowers4 ,but there are also plants that have two kinds of flowers1 in some of which are stamens only1 and in the others pistils only4 ,again1 there are plants1 some of which have flowers with stamens only1 and others of which have flowers with pistils only4 ,the willow-trees are such plants4 ,of the five senses1 flowers address themselves most feelingly to two4 ,in delighting the sense of smell they stand pre-eminent--almost alone4 ,does true fragrance ever come from anything but a plant8 and are not flowers especially the generous dispensers of grateful odors8 ,and to the eye what wealth of beauty do they unfold6 ,we need think of no more than the lily1 the pink1 and the rose4 ,was anything ever arrayed like one of these8 ,when we look upon them they fill the heart with joy4 ,we smell of them1 and exclaim that their fragrance exceeds even their beauty4 ,again we look upon them1 and now we aver that their beauty surpasses their perfume4 ,word ,exercise4 ptals slnder cherish dangling 7danggling7 pllen re-tains ar-rayed pstils stmens blossoms ma-tring perfume ad-drss a-dorning frgrance ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,floral ornaments4--#b4 ,blooming period4--#c4 ,afford examples4--#d4 ,golden knobs4--#e4 ,wholly destitute4--#f4 ,perfect flowers4--#g4 ,they stand pre-eminent4--#h4 ,true fragrance4--#i4 ,generous dispensers4--#aj4 ,grateful odors4 ,,lxxxix4--,,the ,,may ,,queen4--,,new ,,year',s ,,eve4 ,,tennyson4 ,,second ,,reading4 ,if you're waking1 call me early1 call me early1 mother dear1 ,for ,i would see the sun rise upon the glad ,new-year4 ,it is the last ,new-year that ,i shall ever see1 ,then you may lay me low i' the mould and think no more of me4 ,to-night ,i saw the sun set3 he set and left behind ,the good old year1 the dear old time1 and all my peace of mind2 ,and the ,new-year's coming up1 mother1 but ,i shall never see ,the blossom on the blackthorn1 the leaf upon the tree4 ,last ,may we made a crown of flowers3 we had a merry day2 ,beneath the hawthorn on the green they made me ,queen of ,may2 ,and we danced about the ,may-pole and in the hazel copse1 ,till ,charles's ,wain came out above the tall white chimney-tops4 ,there's not a flower on all the hills3 the frost is on the pane3 ,i only wish to live till the snow-drops come again3 ,i wish the snow would melt and the sun come out on high3 ,i long to see a flower so before the day ,i die4 ,the building rook 'ill caw from the windy tall elm-tree1 ,and the tufted plover pipe along the fallow lea1 ,and the swallow 'ill come back again with summer o'er the wave1 ,but ,i shall lie alone1 mother1 within the mouldering grave4 ,upon the chancel-casement1 and upon that grave of mine1 ,in the early early morning the summer sun 'ill shine1 ,before the red cock crows from the farm upon the hill1 ,when you are warm asleep1 mother1 and all the world is still4 ,when the flowers come again1 mother1 beneath the waning light ,you'll never see me more in the long gray fields at night2 ,when from the dry dark wold the summer airs blow cool ,on the oat-grass and the sword-grass1 and the bulrush in the pool4 ,you'll bury me1 my mother1 just beneath the hawthorn shade1 ,and you'll come sometimes and see me where ,i am lowly laid4 ,i shall not forget you1 mother1 ,i shall hear you when you pass1 ,with your feet above my head in the long and pleasant grass4 ,i have been wild and wayward1 but you'll forgive me now2 ,you'll kiss me1 my own mother1 and forgive me ere ,i go2 ,nay1 nay1 you must not weep1 nor let your grief be wild1 ,you should not fret for me1 mother1 you have another child4 ,if ,i can ,i'll come again1 mother1 from out my resting-place2 ,tho' you'll not see me1 mother1 ,i shall look upon your face2 ,tho' ,i cannot speak a word1 ,i shall hearken what you say1 ,and be often1 often with you when you think ,i'm far away4 ,good-night1 good-night1 when ,i have said good-night forevermore1 ,and you see me carried out from the threshold of the door1 ,don't let ,effie come to see me till my grave be growing green3 ,she'll be a better child to you than ever ,i have been4 ,she'll find my garden-tools upon the granary floor3 ,let her take 'em3 they are hers3 ,i shall never garden more3 ,but tell her1 when ,i'm gone1 to train the rose-bush that ,i set ,about the parlor-window and the box of mignonette4 ,good-night1 sweet mother3 call me before the day is born4 ,all night ,i lie awake1 but ,i fall asleep at morn2 ,but ,i would see the sun rise upon the glad ,new-year1 ,so1 if you're waking1 call me1 call me early1 mother dear4 ,,xc4--,,the ,,fruit4 ,,gustavus ,,frankenstein4 ,it is not alone the delicious grape1 the grateful apple1 the luscious pear1 the clustered cherries1 the tart currants1 the golden orange1 the sweet blackberries1 the refreshing melon1 the blooming peach1 the purple plum1 the sun-fed strawberries1 or whatever other products of the plants we may deem good to eat1 that are entitled to the name of fruit4 ,the very mention1 the very thought of fruit1 brings to our minds an ever-welcome idea of something not only wholesome and pleasing to the taste1 but at the same time beautiful2 for all fertile flowers1 on whatever plant they may grow1 merge eventually into fruit4 ,that fruit may not be edible2 it may be bitter1 it may be sour1 it may be as dry as a chip1 or it may even be poisonous1--still it is fruit4 ,it is fruit to the plant1 if not to us4 ,the seed1 we may say1 is the infant offspring of the plant1 by means of which1 in the course of nature1 it perpetuates its kind4 ,the flower is the first step in the formation of the fruit4 ,the plant opens to the sunshine a charming expression of form and color in the budding flower4 ,nursing in its bosom the growing germ1 the flower usually sheds its gay attire1 throws off its petals1 its ribbons1 and its tassels1 and in a sober1 motherly way devotes itself to the one great task of cherishing1 perfecting1 and guarding the seed4 ,in fact1 the flower1 which at first seemed but a transport of joy1 now shorn of its bridal ornaments1 has become the substantial fruit4 ,that fruit is the guardian of the seed1 within which sleeps the infant plant2 and according to the needs of that seed will the fruit be fashioned4 ,are the seeds to be carried far and wide8--ten to one the fruit is furnished with a plume1 a sail1 or a wing1 by which to be wafted through the air1 or with hooks to cling to passing animals1 or with some other contrivance to effect conveyance4 ,or1 if the seed inside be provided with a sail1 the fruit will open and let the little seed go forth and seek its fortune by itself4 ,endless are the expedients by which the seed and the fruit seek to perpetuate the kind of plant from which they spring4 ,we may look at the well-known fruit-head of the dandelion1 which is the prettiest little airy-like silken ball that can be imagined4 ,doubtless1 it has not occurred to everybody1 what this beautiful sphere1 so common in the meadows and by the road-sides1 really is4 ,previous to this sphere1 and in the place of it1 was the flower1 the well-known yellow dandelion1 which belongs to the composite family4 ,illustration3 ,,dandelion ,,head4 ,the dandelion is not really one flower1 but a circled group of many small flowers or florets4 ,these are surrounded by an outer circle of green leaflets1 which bend down when the florets have changed into fruits1 allowing them to radiate in every direction from the core in the centre4 ,the whole ball is made up of many small fruits1 each of which is a single seed enclosed in a thin cover1 surmounted by an elevated circled plume4 ,blow on this lovely little sphere1 and away will fly the little tufted fruits1 some one way and some another4 ,if there is any breeze stirring1 there is no knowing how far they will go4 ,it is not strange1 then1 that dandelions spring up almost everywhere4 ,see what a vast number of fruits must go sailing about1 all over the country1 on a dry midsummer's day4 ,it is true1 not half of them grow up into plants to make more dandelions1 but a great many of them do4 ,in the same way1 the beautiful asters of our woods1 with their flowers of yellow or purplish disks1 and lovely rays of white or purple1 as large as roses1 let their little fruits fly away from their heads as soon as ripe and dry4 ,there are about as many different kinds of fruits as there are of flowers4 ,the plants of the bean family1 for instance1 have fruits like the bean pods4 ,these pods1 when ripe and dry1 split open at the two edges1 and then the beans or seeds drop out4 ,do you know the pods of the honey-locust trees1--large1 broad1 thin1 and sweet8 ,clover too belongs to the bean family4 ,you can find the tiny pods in the dry heads of clover1 if you will pick out the little withered flowers and open them4 ,some fruits have a kind of wings4 ,such are the fruits of our beautiful maple tree2 and very pretty are these maple keys1 as they are called1 when they hang in clusters from the branches1 and dangle among the leaves4 ,at the end1 where they are joined1 there is in each key a thick1 hard1 round swelling1 in which is the seed4 ,when the fruit is ripe and dry it falls off1 and we may often see the pair of keys flying away together4 ,as they are light1 they go whirling in the wind1 sometimes to a great distance4 ,the fruit of the ash-tree looks like that of the maple1 and also hangs in bunches2 but each fruit is a single key4 ,these are but a few of the many kinds of fruits to be found on plants1 each in itself a curiosity and a beauty2 and how much we fairly owe to them is scarcely ever in our thoughts4 ,if we consider but wheat alone1 how valuable to us is its little fruit1 the simple grain2 to say nothing of the fruits of other grasses1 such as rice1 rye1 oats1 and the large and generous ears of ,indian-corn4 ,nor must the cotton-plant be forgotten1 whose fruit does not indeed feed1 but clothes our bodies1 enters into countless uses in every household1 is indispensable on every craft that sails the sea1 and inseparable from so many industries on land and water4 ,the fruit of the cotton-plant is a pod1 which1 bursting open1 reveals a mass of white woolly fibres1 enveloping and clinging to the seeds4 ,this is the beautiful and useful cotton4 ,phrase ,exercise4 #a4 ,merge eventually4--#b4 ,perpetuates its kind4--#c4 ,charming expression4--#d4 ,usually sheds its gay attire4--#e4 ,shorn of its bridal ornaments4--#f4 ,contrivance to effect conveyance4--#g4 ,surrounded by an elevated circled plume4--#h4 ,indispensable on every craft4--#i4 ,inseparable from so many industries4 ,,xci4--,,the ,,may ,,queen4--,,conclusion4 ,,tennyson4 ,,third ,,reading4 ,illustration ,i thought to pass away before1 and yet alive ,i am2 ,and in the fields all round ,i hear the bleating of the lamb4 ,how sadly1 ,i remember1 rose the morning of the year6 ,to die before the snowdrop came1 and now the violet's here4 ,o sweet is the new violet1 that comes beneath the skies1 ,and sweeter is the young lamb's voice to me that cannot rise1 ,and sweet is all the land about1 and all the flowers that blow1 ,and sweeter far is death than life to me that long to go4 ,it seemed so hard at first1 mother1 to leave the blessed sun1 ,and now it seems as hard to stay1 and yet ,his will be done6 ,but still ,i think it can't be long before ,i find release2 ,and that good man1 the clergyman1 has told me words of peace4 ,o blessings on his kindly voice and on his silver hair6 ,and blessings on his whole life long1 until he meet me there6 ,o blessings on his kindly heart and on his silver head6 ,a thousand times ,i blessed him1 as he knelt beside my bed4 ,he taught me all the mercy1 for he showed me all the sin4 ,now1 tho' my lamp was lighted late1 there's ,one will let me in3 ,nor would ,i now be well1 mother1 again1 if that could be1 ,for my desire is but to pass to ,him that died for me4 ,i did not hear the dog howl1 mother1 or the death-watch beat1 ,there came a sweeter token when the night and morning meet3 ,but sit beside my bed1 mother1 and put your hand in mine1 ,and ,effie on the other side1 and ,i will tell the sign4 ,all in the wild ,march morning ,i heard the angels call2 ,it was when the moon was setting1 and the dark was over all2 ,the trees began to whisper1 and the wind began to roll1 ,and in the wild ,march morning ,i heard them call my soul4 ,for lying broad awake ,i thought of you and ,effie dear2 ,i saw you sitting in the house1 and ,i no longer here2 ,with all my strength ,i prayed for both1 and so ,i felt resigned1 ,and up the valley came a swell of music on the wind4 ,i thought that it was fancy1 and ,i listened in my bed1 ,and then did something speak to me--,i know not what was said2 ,for great delight and shuddering took hold of all my mind1 ,and up the valley came again the music on the wind4 ,but you were sleeping2 and ,i said1 8,it's not for them3 it's mine40 ,and if it comes three times1 ,i thought1 ,i take it for a sign4 ,and once again it came1 and close beside the window-bars1 ,then seemed to go right up to ,heaven and die among the stars4 ,so now ,i think my time is near4 ,i trust it is4 ,i know ,the blessed music went that way my soul will have to go4 ,and for myself1 indeed1 ,i care not if ,i go to-day4 ,but ,effie1 you must comfort her when ,i am past away4 ,and say to ,robin a kind word1 and tell him not to fret2 ,there's many worthier than ,i1 would make him happy yet4 ,if ,i had lived--,i cannot tell--,i might have been his wife2 ,but all these things have ceased to be1 with my desire of life4 ,o look6 the sun begins to rise1 the heavens are in a glow2 ,he shines upon a hundred fields1 and all of them ,i know4 ,and there ,i move no longer now1 and there his light may shine-- ,wild flowers in the valley for other hands than mine4 ,o sweet and strange it seems to me1 that ere this day is done ,the voice1 that now is speaking1 may be beyond the sun-- ,for ever and for ever with those just souls and true-- ,and what is life1 that we should moan8 why make we such ado8 ,for ever and forever1 all in a blessed home-- ,and there to wait a little while till you and ,effie come-- ,to lie within the light of ,god1 as ,i lie upon your breast-- ,and the wicked cease from troubling1 and the weary are at rest4 ,,xcii4--,,the ,,golden ,,touch4 ,,nathaniel ,,hawthorne4 ,,third ,,reading4 ,and1 truly1 did you ever hear of such a pitiable case1 in all your lives8 ,here was literally the richest breakfast that could be set before a king1 and its very richness made it absolutely good for nothing4 ,the poorest laborer1 sitting down to his crust of bread and cup of water1 was far better off than ,king ,midas1 whose delicate food was really worth its weight in gold4 ,and what was to be done8 ,already1 at breakfast1 ,midas was excessively hungry4 ,would he be less so by dinner-time8 ,and how ravenous would be his appetite for supper1 which must undoubtedly consist of the same sort of indigestible dishes as those now before him6 ,how many days1 think you1 would he survive a continuance of this rich fare8 ,these reflections so troubled wise ,king ,midas1 that he began to doubt whether1 after all1 riches are the one desirable thing in the world1 or even the most desirable4 ,but this was only a passing thought4 ,so fascinated was ,midas with the glitter of the yellow metal1 that he would still have refused to give up the ,golden ,touch for so paltry a consideration as a breakfast4 ,just imagine what a price for one meal's victuals6 ,it would have been the same as paying millions and millions of money for some fried trout1 an egg1 a potato1 a hot cake1 and a cup of coffee6 8,it would be much too dear10 thought ,midas4 ,nevertheless1 so great was his hunger1 and the perplexity of his situation1 that he again groaned aloud1 and very grievously too4 ,our pretty ,marygold could endure it no longer4 ,she sat a moment gazing at her father1 and trying1 with all the might of her little wits1 to find out what was the matter with him4 ,then1 with a sweet and sorrowful impulse to comfort him1 she started from her chair1 and1 running to ,midas1 threw her arms affectionately about his knees4 ,he bent down and kissed her4 ,he felt that his little daughter's love was worth a thousand times more than he had gained by the ,golden ,touch4 8,my precious1 precious ,marygold60 cried he4 ,but ,marygold made no answer4 ,alas1 what had he done8 ,how fatal was the gift which the stranger had bestowed6 ,the moment the lips of ,midas touched ,marygold's forehead1 a change had taken place4 ,her sweet1 rosy face1 so full of affection as it had been1 assumed a glittering yellow color1 with yellow tear-drops congealing on her cheeks4 ,her beautiful brown ringlets took the same tint4 ,her soft and tender little form grew hard and inflexible within her father's encircling arms4 ,o terrible misfortune6 ,the victim of his insatiable desire for wealth1 little ,marygold was a human child no longer1 but a golden statue6 ,yes1 there she was1 with the questioning look of love1 grief1 and pity1 hardened into her face4 ,it was the prettiest and most woful sight that ever mortal saw4 ,all the features and tokens of ,marygold were there2 even the beloved little dimple remained in her golden chin4 ,but1 the more perfect was the resemblance1 the greater was the father's agony at beholding this golden image1 which was all that was left him of a daughter4 ,it had been a favorite phrase of ,midas1 whenever he felt particularly fond of the child1 to say that she was worth her weight in gold4 ,and now the phrase had become literally true4 ,and1 now1 at last1 when it was too late1 he felt how infinitely a warm and tender heart1 that loved him1 exceeded in value all the wealth that could be piled up betwixt the earth and sky6 ,it would be too sad a story1 if ,i were to tell you how ,midas1 in the fulness of all his gratified desires1 began to wring his hands and bemoan himself2 and how he could neither bear to look at ,marygold1 nor yet to look away from her4 ,except when his eyes were fixed on the image1 he could not possibly believe that she was changed to gold4 ,but1 stealing another glance1 there was the precious little figure1 with a yellow tear-drop on its yellow cheek1 and a look so piteous and tender1 that it seemed as if that very expression must needs soften the gold1 and make it flesh again4 ,this1 however1 could not be4 ,so ,midas had only to wring his hands1 and to wish that he were the poorest man in the wide world1 if the loss of all his wealth might bring back the faintest rose-color to his dear child's face4 ,while he was in this tumult of despair1 he suddenly beheld a stranger1 standing near the door4 ,midas bent down his head1 without speaking2 for he recognized the same figure which had appeared to him the day before in the treasure-room1 and had bestowed on him this disastrous power of the ,golden ,touch4 ,the stranger's countenance still wore a smile1 which seemed to shed a yellow lustre all about the room1 and gleamed on little ,marygold's image1 and on the other objects that had been transmuted by the touch of ,midas4 8,well1 friend ,midas10 said the stranger1 8pray1 how do you succeed with the ,golden ,touch80 ,midas shook his head4 8,i am very miserable10 said he4 8,very miserable6 indeed60 exclaimed the stranger1 8and how happens that8 ,have ,i not faithfully kept my promise with you8 ,have you not every thing that your heart desired80 8,gold is not every thing10 answered ,midas4 8,and ,i have lost all that my heart really cared for40 8,ah6 ,so you have made a discovery1 since yesterday80 observed the stranger4 8,let us see1 then4 ,which of these two things do you think is really worth the most1--the gift of the ,golden ,touch1 or one cup of clear cold water80 8,o blessed water60 exclaimed ,midas4 8,it will never moisten my parched throat again60 8,the ,golden ,touch10 continued the stranger1 8or a crust of bread80 8,a piece of bread10 answered ,midas1 8is worth all the gold on earth60 8,the ,golden ,touch10 asked the stranger1 8or your own little ,marygold1 warm1 soft1 and loving1 as she was an hour ago80 8,o my child1 my dear child60 cried poor ,king ,midas1 wringing his hands4 8,i would not have given that one small dimple in her chin for the power of changing this whole big earth into a solid lump of gold60 8,you are wiser than you were1 ,king ,midas60 said the stranger1 looking seriously at him4 8,your own heart1 ,i perceive1 has not been entirely changed from flesh to gold4 ,were it so1 your case would indeed be desperate4 ,but you appear to be still capable of understanding that the commonest things1 such as lie within everybody's grasp1 are more valuable than the riches which so many mortals sigh and struggle after4 ,tell me1 now1 do you sincerely desire to rid yourself of this ,golden ,touch80 8,it is hateful to me60 replied ,midas4 ,a fly settled on his nose1 but immediately fell to the floor2 for it1 too1 had become gold4 ,midas shuddered4 8,go1 then10 said the stranger1 8and plunge into the river that glides past the bottom of your garden4 ,take likewise a vase of the same water1 and sprinkle it over any object that you may desire to change back again from gold into its former substance4 ,if you do this in earnestness and sincerity1 it may possibly repair the mischief which your avarice has occasioned40 ,king ,midas bowed low2 and when he lifted his head1 the lustrous stranger had vanished4 ,you will easily believe that ,midas lost no time in snatching up a great earthen pitcher 7but1 alas me6 it was no longer earthen after he touched it71 and in hastening to the river-side4 ,as he ran along1 and forced his way through the shrubbery1 it was positively marvellous to see how the foliage turned yellow behind him1 as if the autumn had been there1 and nowhere else4 ,on reaching the river's brink1 he plunged headlong in1 without waiting so much as to pull off his shoes4 8,poof6 poof6 poof60 gasped ,king ,midas1 as his head emerged out of the water4 8,well2 this is really a refreshing bath1 and ,i think it must have quite washed away the ,golden ,touch4 ,and now for filling my pitcher60 ,as he dipped the pitcher into the water1 it gladdened his very heart to see it change from gold into the same good1 honest1 earthen vessel which it had been before he touched it4 ,he was conscious1 also1 of a change within himself4 ,a cold1 hard1 and heavy weight seemed to have gone out of his bosom4 ,no doubt his heart had been gradually losing its human substance1 and been changing into insensible metal1 but had now been softened back again into flesh4 ,perceiving a violet1 that grew on the bank of the river1 ,midas touched it with his finger1 and was overjoyed to find that the delicate flower retained its purple hue1 instead of undergoing a yellow blight4 ,the curse of the ,golden ,touch had1 therefore1 really been removed from him4 ,king ,midas hastened back to the palace2 and1 ,i suppose1 the servants knew not what to make of it when they saw their royal master so carefully bringing home an earthen pitcher of water4 ,but that water1 which was to undo all the mischief that his folly had wrought1 was more precious to ,midas than an ocean of molten gold could have been4 ,the first thing he did1 as you need hardly be told1 was to sprinkle it by handfuls over the golden figure of little ,marygold4 ,no sooner did it fall on her than you would have laughed to see how the rosy color came back to the dear child's cheek6--and how astonished she was to find herself dripping wet1 and her father still throwing more water over her6 8,pray do not1 dear father60 cried she4 8,see how you have wet my nice frock1 which ,i put on only this morning60 ,illustration ,for ,marygold did not know that she had been a little golden statue2 nor could she remember any thing that had happened since the moment when she ran with outstretched arms to comfort poor ,king ,midas4 ,her father did not think it necessary to tell his beloved child how very foolish he had been1 but contented himself with showing how much wiser he had now grown4 ,for this purpose1 he led little ,marygold into the garden1 where he sprinkled all the remainder of the water over the rose-bushes1 and with such good effect that above five thousand roses recovered their beautiful bloom4 ,there were two circumstances1 however1 which1 as long as he lived1 used to remind ,king ,midas of the ,golden ,touch4 ,one was1 that the sands of the river in which he had bathed1 sparkled like gold2 the other1 that little ,marygold's hair had now a golden tinge1 which he had never observed in it before she had been changed by the effect of his kiss4 ,this change of hue was really an improvement1 and made ,marygold's hair richer than in her babyhood4 ,when ,king ,midas had grown quite an old man1 and used to take ,marygold's children on his knee1 he was fond of telling them this marvellous story1 pretty much as ,i have told it to you4 ,and then would he stroke their glossy ringlets1 and tell them that their hair1 likewise1 had a rich shade of gold1 which they had inherited from their mother4 8,and1 to tell you the truth1 my precious little folks10 said ,king ,midas1 8ever since that morning1 ,i have hated the very sight of all other gold1 save this60 99 99 99 99 99 ,life6 we've been long together ,through pleasant and through cloudy weather2 ',tis hard to part when friends are dear1-- ,perhaps 'twill cost a sigh1 a tear2 ,then steal away1 give little warning1 ,choose thine own time2 ,say not ,good ,night1 but in some brighter clime ,bid me ,good ,morning4 --,anna ,letitia ,barbauld4 ,,xciii4--,,john ,,gilpin4 ,showing how he went farther than he intended1 and came safe home again4 ,,william ,,cowper4 ,illustration ,john ,gilpin was a citizen ,of credit and renown1 ,a train-band captain eke was he ,of famous ,london town4 ,john ,gilpin's spouse said to her dear1 8,though wedded we have been ,these thrice ten tedious years1 yet we ,no holiday have seen4 8,to-morrow is our wedding day1 ,and we will then repair ,unto the ,bell at ,edmonton1 ,all in a chaise and pair4 8,my sister and my sister's child1 ,myself and children three1 ,will fill the chaise2 so you must ride ,on horseback after we40 ,he soon replied1 8,i do admire ,of womankind but one2 ,and you are she1 my dearest dear1 ,therefore it shall be done4 8,i am a linen-draper bold1 ,as all the world doth know1 ,and my good friend the calender ,will lend his horse to go40 ,quoth ,mrs4 ,gilpin1 8,that's well said2 ,and for that wine is dear4 ,we will be furnished with our own1 ,which is both bright and clear40 ,john ,gilpin kissed his loving wife2 ,o'erjoyed was he to find1 ,that though on pleasure she was bent1 ,she had a frugal mind4 ,the morning came1 the chaise was brought1 ,but yet was not allowed ,to drive up to the door1 lest all ,should say that she was proud4 ,so three doors off the chaise was stayed1 ,where they did all get in1-- ,six precious souls1 and all agog ,to dash through thick and thin4 ,smack went the whip1 round went the wheels1 ,were never folks so glad6 ,the stones did rattle underneath1 ,as if ,cheapside were mad4 ,john ,gilpin at his horse's side1 ,seized fast the flowing mane1 ,and up he got1 in haste to ride1 ,but soon came down again3-- ,for saddle-tree scarce reached had he1 ,his journey to begin1 ,when1 turning round his head1 he saw ,three customers come in4 ,so down he came2 for loss of time1 ,although it grieved him sore1 ,yet loss of pence1 full well he knew1 ,would trouble him much more4 ',twas long before the customers ,were suited to their mind1 ,when ,betty1 screaming1 came down stairs1 8,the wine is left behind60 8,good-lack60 quoth he1 8yet bring it me1 ,my leathern belt likewise1 ,in which ,i bear my trusty sword1 ,when ,i do exercise40 ,now1 ,mrs4 ,gilpin 7careful soul67 ,had two stone bottles found1 ,to hold the liquor that she loved1 ,and keep it safe and sound4 ,each bottle had a curling ear1 ,through which the belt he drew1 ,and hung a bottle on each side1 ,to make his balance true4 ,then over all1 that he might be ,equipped from top to toe1 ,his long red cloak1 well-brushed and neat1 ,he manfully did throw4 ,now see him mounted once again ,upon his nimble steed1 ,full slowly pacing o'er the stones1 ,with caution and good heed4 ,but finding soon a smoother road ,beneath his well-shod feet1 ,the snorting beast began to trot1 ,which galled him in his seat4 ,so18,fair and softly60 ,john he cried1 ,but ,john he cried in vain2 ,that trot became a gallop soon1 ,in spite of curb and rein4 ,so1 stooping down1 as needs he must ,who cannot sit upright1 ,he grasped the mane with both his hands1 ,and eke with all his might4 ,his horse1 who never in that sort ,had handled been before1 ,what thing upon his back had got ,did wonder more and more4 ,away went ,gilpin1 neck or nought2 ,away went hat and wig2 ,he little dreamt1 when he set out1 ,of running such a rig4 ,the wind did blow1 the cloak did fly1 ,like streamer long and gay ,till1 loop and button failing both1 ,at last it flew away4 ,then might all people well discern ,the bottles he had slung1-- ,a bottle swinging at each side1 ,as hath been said or sung4 ,the dogs did bark1 the children screamed1 ,up flew the windows all2 ,and every soul cried out1 8,well done60 ,as loud as he could bawl4 ,away went ,gilpin--who but he8 ,his fame soon spread around3 8,he carries weight6 he rides a race6 ',tis for a thousand pound60 ,and still1 as fast as he drew near1 ',twas wonderful to view1 ,how in a trice the turnpike-men ,their gates wide open threw4 ,and now1 as he went bowing down ,his reeking head full low1 ,the bottles twain behind his back ,were shattered at a blow4 ,down ran the wine into the road1 ,most piteous to be seen1 ,which made his horse's flanks to smoke ,as they had basted been4 ,but still he seemed to carry weight1 ,with leathern girdle braced2 ,for all might see the bottle-necks ,still dangling at his waist4 ,thus all through merry ,islington ,these gambols did he play1 ,until he came unto the ,wash ,of ,edmonton so gay2 ,and there he threw the ,wash about ,on both sides of the way1 ,just like unto a trundling mop1 ,or a wild goose at play4 ,at ,edmonton1 his loving wife ,from the balcony espied ,her tender husband1 wondering much ,to see how he did ride4 8,stop1 stop1 ,john ,gilpin3--,here's the house60 ,they all at once did cry2 8,the dinner waits1 and we are tired40 ,said ,gilpin1--8,so am ,i60 ,but yet his horse was not a whit ,inclined to tarry there6 ,for why8--his owner had a house ,full ten miles off1 at ,ware4 ,so like an arrow swift he flew1 ,shot by an archer strong2 ,so did he fly--which brings me to ,the middle of my song4 ,away went ,gilpin1 out of breath1 ,and sore against his will1 ,till at his friend the calender's ,his horse at last stood still4 ,the calender1 amazed to see ,his neighbor in such trim1 ,laid down his pipe1 flew to the gate1 ,and thus accosted him3 8,what news8 what news8 your tidings tell2 ,tell me you must and shall2 ,say1 why bareheaded you are come1 ,or why you come at all60 ,now ,gilpin had a pleasant wit1 ,and loved a timely joke2 ,and thus unto the calender ,in merry guise he spoke3 8,i came because your horse would come3 ,and1 if ,i well forebode1 ,my hat and wig will soon be here1-- ,they are upon the road40 ,the calender1 right glad to find ,his friend in merry pin1 ,returned him not a single word1 ,but to the house went in2 ,whence straight he came with hat and wig1 ,a wig that flowed behind1 ,a hat not much the worse for wear1 ,each comely in its kind4 ,he held them up1 and in his turn1 ,thus showed his ready wit3 8,my head is twice as big as yours4 ,they therefore needs must fit4 8,but let me scrape the dirt away1 ,that hangs upon your face2 ,and stop and eat1 for well you may ,be in a hungry case40 ,said ,john1 8,it is my wedding-day1 ,and all the world would stare1 ,if wife should dine at ,edmonton1 ,and ,i should dine at ,ware40 ,so1 turning to his horse1 he said-- 8,i am in haste to dine3 ',twas for your pleasure you came here1 ,you shall go back for mine40 ,ah6 luckless speech1 and bootless boast1 ,for which he paid full dear2 ,for1 while he spake1 a braying ass ,did sing most loud and clear2 ,whereat his horse did snort1 as he ,had heard a lion roar1 ,and galloped off with all his might1 ,as he had done before4 ,away went ,gilpin1 and away ,went ,gilpin's hat and wig2 ,he lost them sooner than at first2 ,for why8--they were too big4 ,now1 mistress ,gilpin1 when she saw ,her husband posting down ,into the country--far away1 ,she pulled out half-a-crown2 ,and thus unto the youth1 she said1 ,that drove them to the ,bell1 8,this shall be yours1 when you bring back1 ,my husband1 safe and well40 ,the youth did ride1 and soon did meet ,john coming back amain2 ,whom in a trice he tried to stop1 ,by catching at his rein2 ,but1 not performing what he meant1 ,and gladly would have done1 ,the frighted steed he frighted more1 ,and made him faster run4 ,away went ,gilpin1 and away ,went postboy at his heels1-- ,the postboy's horse right glad to miss ,the lumbering of the wheels4 ,six gentlemen upon the road1 ,thus seeing ,gilpin fly1 ,with postboy scampering in the rear1 ,they raised the hue and cry3 8,stop1 thief6 stop1 thief6--a highwayman60 ,not one of them was mute2 ,and all and each that passed that way ,did join in the pursuit4 ,and now the turnpike-gates again ,flew open in short space2 ,the toll-men thinking as before1 ,that ,gilpin rode a race4 ,and so he did1 and won it too1 ,for he got first to town2 ,nor stopped till where he had got up ,he did again get down4 ,now let us sing1 long live the king1 ,and ,gilpin1 long live he2 ,and when he next doth ride abroad1 ,may ,i be there to see6