,transcriber's notes ,text printed underlined1 in italics or in bold face type in the original work have been transcribed between tildes1 underscores and equal signs respectively4 ,,farm ,,bulletin ,no4 #a ,,april1 #aiaf ,illustration ,,implement ,,sheds ,how ,they ,should ,be ,designed ,the ,simple ,shed ,type ,the ,open ,shed ,type ,the ,wide ,enclosed ,type ,the ,two-,story ,type ,space ,required for ,common ,implements ,the ,selection of ,building ,material ,revised1 ,september1 #aiaf4 ,illustration3 ,copyright #aiaf ,national ,lumber ,manufacturers ,association ,over fifty million dollars is lost every year on ,american farms because implements and machinery are not properly housed4 ,is part of this wasted on ,,your farm8 ,protection of farm machinery in well built implement sheds means dollars earned through dollars saved4 ,on the average farm an implement shed saves annually as much as the income from #a1hjj at interest4 ,implement ,sheds by ,k4 ,j4 ,t4 ,ekblaw ,illustration ,price1 ,ten ,cents ,published by the ,,trade ,,extension ,,department ,national ,lumber ,manufacturers ,association ,,chicago 33 ,,illinois ,,april1 #aiaf ,general ,series ,no4 #aj ,fourth ,edition1 ,february1 #aiag4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,exterior of ,simple ,implement ,shed ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,perspective of ,framing of ,simple ,implement ,shed ,illustration ,implement ,sheds ,by ,k4 ,j4 ,t4 ,ekblaw ,a very fair indication of the thrift and general prosperity of a farmer is the method he employs in caring for his tools4 ,shiftlessness1 waste1 lack of energy1 constant buying and heavy burdens of debt will accompany poor care4 ,good care is an indication of shrewdness1 business ability1 long-lived machinery1 comfortable bank balances and the assurance of a peaceful1 prosperous future4 ,to the progressive man1 figures speak more forcibly than does the most persuasive lecturer on economic topics4 ,the report of the ,united ,states ,census for #aiaj contains some figures that bear a distinct message to the farmers of the country4 ,in #aijj the value of all farm property in the shape of farm implements and machinery was #gdi1gge1igj2 in #aiaj this same value had increased to #a1bfe1adi1ghc1 representing an increase of #fh4g per cent4 ,this increase can be ascribed mainly to increased quantity rather than to higher prices1 for the increase in price of farm machinery has been comparatively slight4 ,it means that the farmers are realizing the benefits to be derived from the use of labor-saving machinery4 ,in #aijj the acreage of improved land in farms was #dad1dih1dhg2 in #aiaj this became #dgh1dea1gej1 an increase of only #ae4d per cent4 ,these figures may be a little more significant if expressed in the following way3 ,in #aijj there was #a4hj worth of machinery for each acre of improved farm land2 in #aiaj this had increased to #b4fe1 or an increase of over #dg per cent4 ,these figures will immediately indicate an opportunity for the furtherance of economic agriculture4 ,with so much capital invested in equipment1 the ,american farmer would certainly be a very bad business man indeed if he did not take some means of protecting this equipment to reduce depreciation and to increase its length of life4 ,the question has sometimes been asked1 does it pay to house farm machinery8 ,is it not a better practice not to give any special care to the machinery but use it as long as it will run without care then buy newer and more up-to-date equipment8 ,the situation bears some consideration4 ,according to ,census figures1 the average investment per farm in farm machinery is almost exactly #bjj4 ,this1 however1 is the case when every sort of farm is included1 and since the ,census ,bureau's definition of a farm is extremely liberal it would not be practical for our purposes4 ,a fair estimate of the average value of farm machinery on a farm is #a1jjj4 ,no reliable figures are available to indicate the rate of depreciation of farm machinery2 one farmer will take excellent care of his binder and it may do service for twenty or twenty-five years1 while another farmer will leave his binder in the middle of the field where the last stalk of grain was cut1 and it would be surprising if his machine could operate satisfactorily for more than five seasons4 ,to take ten years as the average life of farm machinery is certainly to be considered conservative4 ,most farm machines are well and substantially constructed and will render satisfactory and efficient service with slight repairs for a much longer term of years than the average which has just been given4 ,it is entirely safe to assume that the average length of efficient service can be increased to fifteen years providing proper care is given4 ,it is almost equally safe to assume that the average life of uncared-for machinery will not be much more than five years4 ,the farmer who has a thousand dollars worth of machinery to which he gives no care and attention will then have an annual reduction in value of #bjj1 besides his interest charge of #fj on his investment or a total debit of #bfj4 ,the farmer who properly houses his machinery will have an annual deduction of #ff4ff for depreciation and the same interest charge of #fj4 ,he will have1 in addition1 an annual charge of #be for interest and depreciation on his building if it cost #bej1 or a total of #aea4ff1 which is #ajh4cd less than that of his improvident neighbor4 ,the careful farmer then may consider that he has in his implement house an investment representing over #a1hjj as shown by the saving it brings him2 as a simple implement shed can be built for #bej1 a net profit of an interest-paying #a1eej remains4 ,putting the problem in another way1 on many farms the savings on machinery will pay for a shed in two or three years4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,details of ,simple ,implement ,shed ,only one wide sliding door is shown1 though another smaller door can be inserted if desired4 ,the truss construction shown in ,fig4 #aj is used above the wide door4 ,either vertical or horizontal siding may be used1 the former being simple and satisfactory construction4 ,the front wall may be omitted in localities where inclement weather is uncommon4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,exterior of ,open ,type of ,implement ,shed ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,perspective of ,framing of ,open ,type of ,implement ,shed ,in view of the fact that the small tractor is becoming an extremely popular source of farm power1 special consideration should be given to its shelter4 ,the tractor is an implement that would be extremely likely to be injured as a result of exposure to weather4 ,it is entirely possible that the damage which may be done to this one single machine in one winter's exposure may be sufficient to pay for the cost of a machine shed which will house all the implements on the farm4 ,so much for the economic side4 ,the figures that have just been given relate only to a very conservative case4 ,on many farms the saving would be a great deal more4 ,besides this there are other things of which the value cannot be estimated1 such as the benefit of having a machine that will operate when it is called upon to do so2 the added value an implement shed gives to the farm2 and the additional prestige which will redound to the owner of the farm4 ,the careful farmer will1 of course1 find that criticisms of ill-cared-for machinery do not apply to him2 he has a machine shed1 and knows the value of paint1 oil1 and grease in extending the life of implements4 ,his equipment always looks new1 for as rust breaks through the protecting coat of paint1 a new coat is immediately applied2 and his plowshares1 discs1 cultivator shovels1 and other bright parts of implements are always given a thorough coating of grease before being put away for the winter4 ,as a result1 his implements are ready for business when spring comes and time is valuable4 ,,the ,,design ,,of ,,the ,,building ,in preparing the design for machine sheds one of the first considerations is that of economy4 ,a machine shed is a building which is almost always used for no other purpose than to shelter machinery4 ,it is not like a bin for the storage of grain where strength is an exceedingly important factor nor is it like a barn where so many operations are carried on within2 consequently the simplest and cheapest structure that is consistent with reasonable durability is the one that is the most advisable4 ,wood is a product available in every section and is the cheapest and most suitable material for the construction of an implement shed4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,details of ,open ,type of ,implement ,shed ,framing of #fx#f posts1 thoroughly braced4 ,ends may be boarded or left open as desired4 ,foundation piers act as wheel guards4 ,width between posts can be varied to suit requirements4 ,paint1 the great preservative1 should be applied to all farm buildings4 ,the initial cost of two coats of good paint is not prohibitive2 the durability of the wood may be increased almost indefinitely if the surface is kept covered to prevent the ingress of the spores of decay4 ,the prosperous farmer's buildings are always kept painted1 not only to preserve the wood1 but to improve the appearance of the buildings themselves4 ,on new wood1 two coats are usually sufficient4 ,the first coat should contain mainly oil1 with a small amount of the base and coloring pigments1 so that it will permeate every pore2 the second coat should be heavier1 containing less oil and more pigment4 ,surfaces that have been painted can be kept in good condition by the occasional application of a single coat4 ,the planning of an implement shed will require data as to the number and size of machines and the amount of space that each will occupy4 ,the arrangement of the machines so as to make them easily accessible at times when they are most needed is also important1 e4 g41 a binder being used but once a year may well occupy a far corner1 leaving a space near the door for the mower and plow1 implements which are used oftener and for longer periods than the binder4 ,the manure spreader1 wagons and buggies are used so much throughout the year that they should be especially accessible4 ,table ,i1 pages #ai and #bj1 gives the floor space required for most farm machines2 the height of the machine is also given4 ,of course1 it is entirely possible to crowd machines together as they are put into the shed1 and so much saving in room can be accomplished in this way that little clearance space need be left4 ,for instance1 the outer edge of a binder platform can be easily raised several feet1 provided a pair of reel slats with the attached arms are removed1 and in this space beneath the platform can be stored such implements as hand drill1 walking plows1 etc4 ,similar opportunities for economy in space can very easily be found4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,exterior of ,wide ,enclosed ,implement ,shed ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,perspective of ,framing of ,wide ,enclosed ,implement ,shed ,in general the construction of a machine shed is that of the very simplest2 yet utility and beauty can be very easily combined with simplicity4 ,since the building is not subjected to any heavy load1 as would be the case with a crib or a barn1 the framing is just sufficiently strong to safely hold the wall and roof covering and to prevent collapse of the building from wind or snow and ice loads4 ,very often #bx#d's or #dx#d's constitute the studs or posts and no heavier stock is used throughout the building4 ,in wide sheds it may be found necessary to use larger stuff and especially in the plate above the wide doorway4 ,a two-story machine shed will1 of course1 require heavier and more substantial framing1 but a two-story shed is comparatively rare4 ,a floor may or may not be used as the owner may desire4 ,it is likely to prove somewhat expensive in first cost and in maintenance1 though for convenience it is much to be desired1 especially if any repair work is to be done in the building4 ,the roof may be of almost any style from the simple single pitch shed roof to the modified shed roof or the ordinary double pitch gable roof4 ,it is desirable that the pitch should be not less than one-quarter in order to get the greatest life out of the shingles1 which are likely to collect moisture and give shorter service where the pitch is quite flat4 ,the foundation of a machine shed will naturally not be designed for great strength except in the case of a two-story structure1 since the only load which it has to support is that of the superstructure itself4 ,a footing #ab to #af inches wide at the bottom and extending down a foot or #ae inches into solid soil will support a building of this kind4 ,however1 if a concrete floor is put in the building as is sometimes done in the more expensive ones1 it will be well to extend the foundation wall and footing to a point below the frost line1 which will vary from a foot to three feet according to climate4 ,sills are usually not necessary in the simple framing of machine sheds4 ,the posts can be set directly upon foundation walls and fastened in any one of many different ways that have been devised4 ,timbers are more subject to decay at the ends than elsewhere1 consequently it is advisable to treat them at this point with a preservative such as creosote4 ,this will add greatly to the durability4 ,the foundation wall should be brought up some distance above the ground so as to further protect the bottom timbers from moisture4 ,this above-ground extension must be omitted at doorways4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,details of a ,wide ,enclosed ,implement ,shed ,strong framing is necessary to insure durability in this structure4 ,members may be solid or built up4 ,details of one form of roof truss are shown in ,fig4 #aa4 ,note solid foundation4 ,doors may be located to suit requirements4 ,one of the most serious problems in the design of a machine shed is the insertion of doors4 ,wide doors are an absolute necessity1 especially for certain machines4 ,an eight-foot door is large enough for the majority of farm machines1 even allowing the modern binder with its folding grain dividers to enter in safety4 ,the wide drill1 the rake1 and several other implements require a much wider door than this and it may be necessary to provide an opening #ab or even #ad feet wide4 ,this leaves a long unsupported section of the plate directly above the doorway4 ,to keep it and the roof from sagging1 special provision must be made either by putting in an exceptionally strong plate at this point1 by building up a small wooden truss1 or by making a truss of wood and iron as shown in the illustration4 7,fig4 #aj47 ,the doors themselves should be very solidly and substantially made4 ,it is a matter of good practice to have as few doors as possible4 ,in the average machine shed one #h-;foot door and one #ab or #ad-;foot door are sufficient to meet requirements4 ,a door wider than four feet should not be swung on hinges under any circumstances1 as it is sure to pull out the hinges or to sag very badly4 ,sliding doors of good construction are to be recommended in preference to hinged doors 7,fig4 #ab74 ,it is entirely possible to make a good close-fitting door of this type and there need never be any trouble in its operation4 ,the use of other buildings for the storage of farm implements is not a desirable procedure except in certain instances1 such as keeping wagons in the driveway of cribs1 leaving the spreader at the end of an alleyway of a barn for convenience in loading1 etc4 ,in general1 other buildings are much more expensive than a machine shed and those portions of them devoted to the storage of farm implements could in most cases be more profitably used1 especially when the very small unit floor-space cost of a machine shed is taken into consideration4 ,then1 too1 if a special place is not provided for the implements1 the farm animals may come in contact with them1 causing injury of the animals or damage to the machines4 ,,representative ,,types ,,of ,,sheds ,the ,simple ,shed ,type4 ,the needs of the average farm for a cheap1 easily built implement shed are met by this building4 ,illustrations of this type of shed are shown in ,figs4 #a1 #b and #c4 ,the framing consists of #fx#f posts set on a light #a3b3e mixture concrete foundation at intervals of eight feet1 the plate consisting of two #bx#f's4 ,short diagonal braces can be set in underneath between the plate and the post in order to give the plate further support4 ,the rafters for a span of #ah feet should be at least #bx#f and better #bx#h1 set not less than two feet apart on centers4 ,the wall covering may consist of vertical siding1 either #aj or #ab-;inch boards1 with the cracks covered by ogee battens4 ,for horizontal siding1 studs are necessary2 these should be #bx#d's1 placed not over #c feet apart4 ,either drop-siding1 ,german or novelty siding or ordinary weather-boarding may be used satisfactorily1 but the latter is somewhat light for a building of this kind and would probably not be as durable as the others mentioned4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,detail of ,truss ,over ,large ,doors in ,implement ,shed ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,roof ,truss ,details ,the upper illustration 7,fig4 #aj7 shows a method of building a truss above wide doors to prevent sagging of roof4 ,it may be varied to suit circumstances4 ,the roof trusses shown in ,fig4 #aa suggest methods of framing for wide sheds1 as in ,fig4 #c and ,fig4 #i4 ,the building may be entirely enclosed1 having the doors on the high side4 ,the practice of enclosing the building entirely is generally to be recommended1 though sometimes for the sake of economy and convenience and in localities where the winds are very constant in their direction1 it may be advisable to omit part of the exterior wall covering1 leaving one side open1 this side being the one opposite to the direction from which the prevailing winds come4 ,the ,open ,shed ,type4 ,under some circumstances the open shed type of building 7shown in ,figs4 #d1 #e and #f7 will be the more suitable4 ,this is especially true where wagons1 racks and spreaders are used frequently4 ,the framing of the building consists simply of #fx#f posts set on concrete piers at intervals of #i feet4 ,on these are set #bx#f rafters supporting a double pitched gable roof4 ,the building is opened on both sides but both ends may be enclosed4 ,this building is extremely convenient1 although it does not give very thorough protection to the machines4 ,a wagon or spreader can be driven directly through one of the bays and horses unhitched outside4 ,with a building #ah feet wide and eaves overhanging one foot1 the implements will be protected from all but driving rains1 though sweeping snow will have free access to the interior4 ,the posts are placed nine feet apart in order to provide sufficient room for driving a team through4 ,it may be possible to reduce this dimension to eight feet1 or to increase it to #aj feet in case a three-horse team is to be driven through4 ,the concrete piers supporting the posts are made conical in shape1 acting thus as wheel guards to prevent the hubs of the wheels from striking the posts4 ,one or more bays of the shed may be enclosed if desired to give adequate shelter to machines1 such as mowers1 binders1 etc41 which would suffer from exposure4 ,of course1 the shed as well as the preceding one can be built to any length desired1 though a building more than four times as long as it is wide will present a somewhat peculiar appearance on account of the long1 low roof line4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,construction ,details ,these details apply in general to the implement shed plans4 ,the girder splice shown makes a firm1 solid joint4 ,if double hung sash are used1 standard window framing is employed1 as shown4 ,wide doors are always hung on a track2 the detail shows weather strip at top1 and bracket with roller at bottom to keep door from swinging out4 ,the ,wide ,enclosed ,type4 ,a better and a little more expensive type of implement shed1 yet one perhaps better suited to the average farm is shown in ,figs4 #g1 #h and #i4 ,this shed is made #bf feet in width and as long as may be necessary1 although a building #bfx#dj will usually be found sufficiently large to house the machines on the average general-purpose farm4 ,the framing of this shed is a little more substantial than in the types previously discussed1 consisting of #fx#f's with #dx#f plates4 ,should horizontal siding be used1 it will naturally follow that instead of using these posts1 #bx#d studs will be employed as previously described in the simple shed type on page thirteen4 ,the height of the walls should be not less than #aj feet1 which with the gable roof will make the building a little more attractive in appearance than the one previously described4 ,a span of #bf feet is almost too great for the adequate support of the roof unless some device such as truss bracing and purline is used to give the rafters additional stiffness4 7,fig4 #aa47 ,experience has shown that the two widths--#ah feet and #bf feet are peculiarly adaptable to the dimensions of the various farm machines4 ,using the #bf-;foot width1 considerable opportunity is given for the utilization of the floor space1 since a wider floor area unsupported by posts is available4 ,as far as possible1 interior posts should be avoided1 for they interfere very seriously in the placing and moving of machinery4 ,the ,two-,story ,type4 ,as stated before1 the use of a two-story machine shed is rather rare1 for two reasons3 ,first1 the additional expense in material and labor1 and1 ,second1 the difficulty of getting machines up to the second floor4 ,the only advantage that is gained is the doubling of the floor space under the same roof4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,details of ,two-,story ,implement ,shed ,the framing in this type of shed must be unusually strong and substantial4 ,the girders and1 in fact1 all framing members1 may be either solid or built up4 ,a central post is necessary in each framing unit4 ,the construction of the building 7illustrated in ,figs4 #ac1 #ad and #ae7 will necessarily be rather substantial4 ,the framing may consist of #fx#f posts and #dx#f girts1 which should be securely joined in order to give rigidity to the structure4 ,the girts are located at vertical intervals of not to exceed #e feet1 so as to afford good nailing for vertical siding4 ,if horizontal siding is used1 the girts may be spaced wider1 say1 one each at the top1 bottom1 and middle of the post1 while #bx#f studs are set in on which to nail the boards4 ,diagonal bracing is a decided advantage4 ,the building may be constructed either #ah or #bf feet wide1 and it is seldom that a building longer than #dj feet will be necessary4 ,the foundation should be much more substantial than in the types previously described4 ,it should extend well below the frost line and be almost as strong as that used for barns4 ,the second floor will be used for the storage of the lighter machines such as small plows1 harrows1 drills and all the lighter tools which make up the farmer's equipment2 while the first floor will be utilized for the storage of the heavier machines such as binders1 wagons1 etc4 ,getting the lighter machines up to the second floor may be accomplished in one of two ways4 ,an ordinary block and tackle can be utilized either through an outside door in the gable of the roof or through a hole in the floor in the interior of the building4 ,if space is available the construction of a rather steep runway outside the building and leading to the second floor may be advantageous4 ,this runway can be constructed of rather light material1 using a pair of #dx#f's for joists1 and flooring them with rough #b-;inch stuff4 ,an angle of #cj degrees with the horizontal will make it possible to pull machines up the runway with only a small amount of labor4 ,this arrangement has been found to be superior to the use of a hoist4 ,it can be used to the best advantage when the shed is located on the slope of a rather steep hill4 ,,table ,i4 ,floor ,space and ,height of ,space ,required to ,house ,common ,farm ,implements4 ,floor ,height ,space of ,space ,implements-- in ,feet in ,feet ,plows-- ,walking #hx#c #c ,sulky and horse gang 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #hx#f #d ,engine gang #afx#g #e ,harrows-- ,spike tooth1 per section #ex#e #b ,spring tooth1 per section #ex#d #a ,single disc1 #h ft4 with truck 7tongue off7 #fx#i #d ,double disc1 #g ft4 with truck 7tongue off7 #hx#h #d ,weeder-- 7,thills on7 #acx#h #d ,grain ,drills-- #abx#g 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #ex#h #e #afx#g with press attachment 7tongue off7 #gx#aa #e ,rollers-- ,smooth #cx#aj #d ,corrugated1 single 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #cx#aj #d ,corrugated1 double #dx#h #d ,corn ,planter-- ,two row 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #ex#f #c ,cultivators-- ,walking1 one horse #gx#b #c ,riding1 single row 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #hx#e #d ,riding1 two row 7tongue off2 add #aj feet for tongue7 #hx#aj #d ,alfalfa 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #gx#f #e ,mower-- #f ft4 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #ex#f #g ,binders-- ,grain1 #h ft4 7tongue truck off7 #hx#ad #g ,grain1 #f ft4 7tongue truck off7 #hx#ab #g ,corn 7tongue off2 add #aa ft4 for tongue7 #acx#f #g ,hay ,rakes-- ,self-dump 7thills off7 #ex#aa #e ,side-delivery 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #acx#i #e ,tedders-- ,kicker 7tongue off2 add #h ft4 for tongue7 #ex#h #e ,combination 7see side-delivery rakes7 ,hay ,loader #adx#i #i ,ensilage ,cutter1 #bj-ton 7tongue off7 #aax#e #g ,corn ,shredder1 #h roll #bjx#h #i ,corn ,sheller #bjx#h #aa ,hay ,press #afx#f #f ,grain ,separator1 #cb-;inch #bfx#h #h ,clover ,huller #bdx#h #h ,gasoline ,tractor1 #bj-d ,h4 ,p4 #aex#i #i ,gasoline ,tractor1 #aj-bj ,h4 ,p4 #abx#h #h ,portable ,engine1 #f ,h4 ,p4 #ix#e #f ,fanning ,mill1 #bd-;inch #dx#c #e ,wagons-- ,farm gear 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #aax#e #d ,wagon with box and top 7tongue off7 #aax#e #e ,wagon with box and tip top 7tongue off7 #aax#e #f ,wagon with hay rack 7tongue off7 #afx#g #e ,buggies-- ,one seated 7thills up7 #hx#e #g ,two seated 7tongue off7 #ajx#e #h ,grain ,dump 7knocked down7 #abx#d #d ,potato ,machinery-- ,planter 7tongue off2 add #i ft4 for tongue7 #ex#c #d ,sprayer1 two wheeled barrel 7thills off7 #fx#f #e ,digger1 wheeled1 elevator 7tongue off7 #acx#d #c ,automobiles-- ,small #aax#f #g ,large #adx#g #h ,phosphorus ,distributor1 #a1jjj lbs4 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #dx#aj #d ,manure ,spreader1 #ej bu4 7tongue off2 add #aj ft4 for tongue7 #agx#g #f ,there is a ,,wood ,for ,every ,need ,,this8 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,exterior of ,two-,story ,implement ,shed ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,perspective of ,framing of ,two-,story ,implement ,shed ,,or ,,this8 ,the ,automobile and ,family ,carriage ,are ,kept ,under ,cover4 ,is ,this ,fair to the ,implements ,which ,make the ,farm ,pay8 ,illustration3 ,courtesy ,tractor ,farming4 ,fig4 #af 8,when it comes to actual waste1 the ,great ,american ,desert with its constant canopy of blue sky over it has very little on the ,great ,american ,machine ,shed4 ,the chief difference is that the former is found in a particular locality only1 while the latter extends from coast to coast4 ,both are in the open1 both represent zero in profitable and economical usage1 and both need the undivided attention of conservation experts40--,tractor ,farming4 ,wood 8,where ,best0 ,the legitimate use of lumber where it is best1 or by proper selection or treatment can be made to serve economically and safely1 is the aim of the lumbermen in publishing a series of bulletins on ,farm ,structures4 ,wood has for so long been the most widely used building material that its availability and importance have either been taken for granted or lost sight of4 ,it is helpful to review the outstanding features of the present situation3 ,wood remains the most universal1 most adaptable building material in the world4 ,the supply is ample for all requirements1 and the kinds and grades best suited for all purposes are obtainable everywhere4 ,in cost it remains one of the cheapest materials4 ,it is the lightest building material known1 and the strongest1 weight for weight4 ,its qualities are known2 it is easy to work2 it can be cut and shaped by any one into the myriad uses required for the shelter and comfort of man4 ,there is no material more beautiful in appearance1 more susceptible to artistic finish1 nor which is as productive of sentiment and satisfaction for home building4 ,wood is a non-conductor of heat1--cool in summer and warm in winter4 ,the relative qualities of durability1 serviceability and workability should be considered in selecting wood for homes and farm buildings4 ,consult the local lumber dealer4 ,his knowledge and advice will assure cheaper1 more stable buildings4 ,except where naturally durable woods are available1 a preservative treatment will prove economical for timber exposed to moisture and decay1 as sills1 basement flooring1 fence posts2 and in similar situations4 ,other ,farm ,bulletins4 ,other ,bulletins in this series are upon3 ,dairy and ,general ,purpose ,barns ,ice ,houses ,garages ,silos ,poultry ,houses ,grain ,storage ,buildings ,farm ,residences ,swine ,houses ,the ,preservative ,treatment of ,farm ,timbers ,ask for those that will be helpful to you4 ,address3 ,,national ,,lumber ,,manufacturers ,,association ,lumber ,exchange ,,chicago ,illustration