,,e>ly ,,greek ,,philosophy ,,o!r ,,essays ,by ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,translat$ ,,by ,,maximilian ,a4 ,m,,gge ,,au?or ,,( ,,fr4 ,,nietzs*e1 ,,8 ,,life ,,& ,,"w1 ,,etc4 ,! ,complete ,works ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e ,! ,fir/ ,complete & ,au?oris$ ,engli% ,translation ,edit$ by ,dr ,osc> ,levy ,volume ,two ,t4,n4 ,,f\lis #ac #ae ,,fr$]ick ,,/reet ,,ed9burgh3 ,,& ,,london #aiaa ,,cont5ts ,,translator',s ,,preface #a4 ,,! ,,greek ,,/ate--,preface to an unwritt5 book 7#ahga7 #b4 ,,! ,,greek ,,woman--,fragm5t 7#ahga7 #c4 ,,on ,,music ,,& ,,words--,fragm5t 7#ahga7 #d4 ,,hom]',s ,,conte/--,preface to an unwritt5 book 7#ahgb7 #e4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,s*op5hau]',s ,,philosophy ,,to ,a ,,g]man ,,culture --,preface to an unwritt5 book 7#ahgb7 #f4 ,,philosophy ,,dur+ ,,! ,,tragic ,,age ,,( ,,! ,,greeks 7#ahgc7 #g4 ,,on ,,tru? ,,& ,,falsity ,,9 ,,_! ,,ultramoral ,,s5se 7#ahgc7 ,,translator',s ,,preface ,! essays conta9$ 9 ?is volume treat ( v>i\s subjects4 ,) ! exception ( p]haps "o we mu/ consid] all ^! pap]s z fragm5ts4 ,writt5 dur+ ! e>ly ,sev5ties1 & int5d$ mo/ly z prefaces1 !y are extremely int]e/+1 s9ce traces ( ,nietzs*e's lat] t5ets--l ,slave & ,ma/] morality1 ! ,sup]man--c be f\nd ev]y:]e4 ,b !y are also v valuable on acc\nt ( ! "y philosoph]'s d>+ & able h&l+ ( difficult & ab/ruse subjects4 ,tru? & ,falsity1 & ,! ,greek ,woman are probably ! two essays :i* w prove mo/ attractive to ! av]age read]4 ,9 ! essay on ,,! ,,greek ,,/ate ! two t5ets m5tion$ above are cle>ly disc]nible1 ?\gh ! ,sup]man /ill goes by ! ,s*op5hau]ian label g5ius4 ,our philosoph] attacks ! mod]n ideas ( ! dignity ( man & ( ! dignity ( lab\r1 because ,exi/5ce seems to be )\t wor? & dignity4 ,! prepond]ance ( su* illusory ideas is due to ! political p[] n[adays ve/$ 9 ! slaves4 ,! ,greeks saw no dignity 9 lab\r4 ,!y saw ! necessity ( x1 & ! necessity ( slav]y1 b felt a%am$ ( bo?4 ,n ev5 ! lab\r ( ! arti/ did !y admire1 al?\gh !y prais$ 8 complet$ "w4 ,if ! ,greeks p]i%$ ?r\gh _! slav]y1 "o ?+ is /ill m c]ta93 we %all p]i% ?r\gh ! lack ( slav]y4 ,to ! ess5ce ( ,culture slav]y is innate4 ,x is "p ( x4 ,a va/ multitude mu/ lab\r & slave 9 ord] t a few may lead an exi/5ce devot$ to beauty & art4 ,/rife & w> are necess>y = ! welf>e ( ! ,/ate4 ,w> consecrates & pur9es ! ,/ate4 ,! purpose ( ! milit>y ,/ate is ! creat+ ( ! milit>y g5ius1 ! ru?less conqu]or1 ! ,w>-"l4 ,!re also exi/s a my/]i\s connection betwe5 ! ,/ate 9 g5]al & ! creat+ ( ! g5ius4 ,9 ,,! ,,greek ,,woman1 ,nietzs*e1 ! man :o said1 ,"o _c ?9k highly en\gh ( wom51 del9eates 8 ideal ( woman4 ,p5elope1 ,antigone1 ,electra are 8 ideal types4 ,plato's dictum t 9 ! p]fect ,/ate ! family w\ld cease to exi/1 belongs to ! mo/ intimate ?+s utt]$ ab\t ! relation betwe5 wom5 & ! ,/ate4 ,! ,greek woman z "m _h to vegetate 9 obscurity1 to lead a k9d ( ,cran=dian exi/5ce = ! great] welf>e ( ! body politic4 ,only 9 ,greek antiquity did woman occupy h] prop] position1 & = ?is reason %e 0 m hon\r$ ?an %e has ev] be5 s9ce4 ,py?ia 0 ! m\?piece1 ! symbol ( ,greek unity4 ,,on ,,music ,,& ,,words4 ,music is old]1 m fundam5tal ?an language4 ,music is an expression ( cosmic consci\sness4 ,language is only a ge/ure-symbolism4 ,x is true ! music ( e p 0 at fir/ alli$ to lyric poetry2 absolute music always appe>$ mu* lat]4 ,b t is due to ! d\ble nature 9 ! ess5ce ( language4 ,! tone ( ! speak] expresses ! basic pleasure- & displeasure-s5sations ( ! individual4 ,^! =m ! tonal subsoil common to all languages2 !y are compreh5sible ev]y:]e4 ,language itself is a sup]-/ructure on t subsoil2 x is a ge/ure-symbolism = all ! o!r conceptions :i* man adds to t subsoil4 ,! endeav\r to illu/rate a poem by music is futile4 ,! text ( an op]a is !re=e q negligible4 ,mod]n op]a 9 its music is !re=e (t5 only a /imulant or a remembranc] = set1 /]eotyp$ feel+s4 ,great music1 i4e41 ,dionysean music1 makes u =get to li/5 to ! words4 ,,hom]',s ,,conte/4 ,! ,greek g5ius ackn[l$g$ /rife1 /ruggle1 conte/ to be necess>y 9 ?is life4 ,only ?r\gh competition & emulation w ! ,common-,weal? ?rive4 ,yet !re 0 no unbridl$ ambition4 ,ev]yone's individual endeav\rs 7 subord9at$ to ! welf>e ( ! community4 ,! curse ( pres5t-day conte/ is t x does n d ! same4 ,9 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,s*op5hau]',s ,,philosophy ,,to ,a ,,g]man ,,culture an amus+ & yet s]i\s attack is made on ! holl[ w\ld-be culture ( ! ,g]man ,phili/9es :o aft] ! ,franco-,prussian w> 7 swoll5 ) self-conceit1 self-suffici5cy1 & 7 a great dang] to real ,culture4 ,nietzs*e po9ts out ,s*op5hau]'s great philosophy z ! only possible means ( escap+ ! humdrum ( ,phili/ia ) its hypocrisy & intellectual o/ri*isation4 ,! essay on ,,greek ,,philosophy ,,dur+ ,,! ,,tragic ,,age is a p]=mance ( great int]e/ to ! s*ol>4 ,x brims ) ideas4 ,! ,hegelian ,s*ool1 especially ,zell]1 has %[n :at an important place is held by ! e>li] ?9k]s 9 ! hi/ory ( ,greek ?\ght & h[ necess>y a k ( _! "w is = all :o wi% to und]/& ,plato & ,ari/otle4 ,diels' great book3 ,die ,fragm5te d] ,vorsokratik]1 ,b5n's1 ,burnet's & ,fairbanks' books we may reg>d z ! p]i/yle ?r\gh :i* we ent] ! temple ( ,e>ly ,greek ,philosophy4 ,nietzs*e's essay !n is l a beautiful fe/oon sw++ betwe5 ! columns erect$ by ,diels & ! o!rs out ( ! m>ble ( facts4 ,beauty & ! p]sonal equation are ! two leitmotive ( ,nietzs*e's hi/ory ( ! pre-,socratian philosoph]s4 ,especially does he lay /ress ^u ! p]sonal equation1 s9ce t is ! only p]man5t item ( int]e/1 consid]+ t e ,sy/em crumbles into no?+ ) ! appe>ance ( a new ?9k]4 ,9 ?is way ,nietzs*e treats ( ,?ales1 ,anaxim&]1 ,h]aclitus1 ,p>m5ides1 ,x5ophanes1 ,anaxagoras4 ,!re are also "s sket*es ( a draft = an int5d$ b nev] accompli%$ cont9uation1 9 :i* ,emp$ocles1 ,democritus & ,plato 7 to be dealt )4 ,probably ! mo/ popul> ( ! ,essays 9 ?is book w prove to be ! "o on ,,tru? ,,& ,,falsity4 ,x is an epi/emological rhapsody on ! relativity ( tru?1 on ,appe>ance & ,reality1 on p]ceptual flux v]sus--conceptual conceit4 ,man's intellect is only a means 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 a means tak+ ! place ( ! animal's horns & tee?4 ,x adapts itself especially to deception & dissimulation4 ,!re are no absolute tru?s4 ,tru? is relative & always imp]fect4 ,yet fictiti\s values fix$ by conv5tion & utility are set d[n z tru?4 ,! li> does n use ^! /&>d co9s ( ! realm4 ,he is hat$2 n out ( love = tru?1 no1 b because he is dang]\s4 ,our words nev] hit ! ess5ce1 ! ,x ( a ?+1 b indicate only ext]nal *>act]i/ics4 ,language is ! columb>ium ( ! ideas1 ! cemet]y ( p]ceptions4 ,tru?s are metaphors1 illusions1 an?ropomorph isms ab\t :i* "o has =gott5 t !y are su*4 ,!re are diff]5t tru?s to diff]5t be+s4 ,l a spid] man sits 9 ! web ( 8 tru?s & ideas4 ,he wants to be deceiv$4 ,by means ( error he mo/ly lives2 tru? is (t5 fatal4 ,:5 ! li>1 ! /ory-tell]1 ! poet1 ! rhapsodi/ lie to him )\t hurt+ him he--loves !m6-- ,! text und]ly+ ?is translation is t ( ,vol4 ,i4 ( ! ,tas*5ausgabe4 ,"o or two obscure passages ,i hope my conjectures may h elucidat$4 ,! dates foll[+ ! titles indicate ! ye> :5 ^! essays 7 writt54 ,9 no o!r "w h ,i felt s deeply ! great ne$ ( ! sci5ce ( ,signifies ) its ultimate int]national /&>disation ( t]ms1 z attempt$ by ,eisl] & ,baldw94 ,i hope1 h[ev]1 ,i h succe$$ 9 convey+ accurately ! mean+ ( ! au?or 9 spite ( a c]ta9 loos5ess 9 8 philosophical t]m9ology4 ,! ,engli% language is some:at at a disadvantage ?r\gh its lack ( a ,n\n-,inf9itive4 ,i c be/ illu/rate ?is by a passage f ,p>m5ides3 ' 1 ' ' 4 ,9 8 usual ma/]ly mann] ,diels translates ^! l9es )3 ,das ,sag5 und ,d5k5 musz e9 ,sei5des se94 ,d5n das ,se9 exi/i]t1 das ,ni*ts exi/i]t ni*t2 das heisz i* di* wohl zu beh]zig54 ,on ! o!r h& 9 ,fairbanks' v]sion we read3 ,x is necess>y bo? to say & to ?9k t be+ is2 = x is possible t be+ is1 & x is impossible t n be+ is2 ?is is :at ,i bid !e pond]4 ,9 ord] to avoid a simil> obscurity1 ?r\gh\t ! pap] on ,,e>ly ,,greek ,,philosophy ,i h r5d]$ das ,sei5de 7 7 ) ,exi/5t1 das ,ni*t-,sei5de ) ,non-,exi/5t2 das ,se9 77 ) ,be+ & das ,ni*t-,se9 ) ,n-,be+4 ,i am directly or indirectly indebt$ = _m sugge/ions to sev]al fri5ds ( m9e1 especially to two ( my colleagues1 ,j4 ,*>lton ,hipk9s1 ,m4,a41 & ,r4 ,mill]1 ,b4,a41 = _! pati5t revision ( ! :ole ( ! pro(s4 ,m4 ,a4 ,m,,gge4 ,,london1 ,july #aiaa4 ,,! ,,greek ,,/ate ,preface to an ,unwritt5 ,book 7#ahga7 ,we mod]ns h an advantage ov] ! ,greeks 9 two ideas1 :i* are giv5 z x 7 z a comp5sation to a _w behav+ ?or\ghly slavi%ly & yet at ! same "t anxi\sly es*ew+ ! ^w slave3 we talk ( ! dignity ( man & ( ! dignity ( lab\r4 ,ev]ybody worries 9 ord] mis]ably to p]petuate a mis]able exi/5ce2 ?is awful ne$ compels him to consum+ lab\r2 man 7or1 m exactly1 ! human intellect7 s$uc$ by ! ,w n[ occasionally m>vels at lab\r z some?+ dignifi$4 ,h[ev] 9 ord] t lab\r might h a claim on titles ( hon\r1 x w\ld be necess>y above all1 t ,exi/5ce itself1 to :i* lab\r aft] all is only a pa9ful means1 %\ld h m dignity & value ?an x appe>s to h _h1 up to ! pres5t1 to s]i\s philosophies & religions4 ,:at else may we f9d 9 ! lab\r-ne$ ( all ! millions b ! impulse to exi/ at any price1 ! same all-p[]ful impulse by :i* /unt$ plants /ret* _! roots ?r\gh e>?less rocks6 ,out ( ?is awful /ruggle = exi/5ce only individuals c em]ge1 & !y are at once occupi$ ) ! noble phantoms ( arti/ic culture1 le/ !y %\ld arrive at practical pessimism1 :i* ,nature abhors z h] exact opposite4 ,9 ! mod]n _w1 :i*1 comp>$ ) ! ,greek1 usually produces only abnormalities & c5taurs1 9 :i* ! individual1 l t fabul\s creature 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,horatian ,art ( ,poetry1 is jumbl$ toge!r out ( pieces1 "h 9 ! mod]n _w 9 "o & ! same man ! gre$ ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce & ! ne$ = art %[ !mselves at ! same "t3 out ( ?is unnatural amalgamation has orig9at$ ! dilemma1 to excuse & to consecrate t fir/ gre$ be=e ?is ne$ = art4 ,!re=e2 we believe 9 ! ,dignity ( man & ! ,dignity ( lab\r4 ,! ,greeks did n require su* conceptual halluc9ations1 = among !m ! idea t lab\r is a disgrace is express$ ) />tl+ frankness2 & ano!r piece ( wisdom1 m hidd5 & less articulate1 b ev]y:]e alive1 add$ t ! human ?+ also 0 an ignom9i\s & pite\s no?+ & ! dream ( a %ad[4 ,lab\r is a disgrace1 because exi/5ce has no value 9 itself2 b ev5 ?\gh ?is v exi/5ce 9 ! allur+ embelli%m5t ( arti/ic illusions %9es =? & really seems to h a value 9 itself1 !n t proposition is /ill valid t lab\r is a disgrace--a disgrace inde$ by ! fact t x is impossible = man1 fight+ = ! cont9uance ( b>e exi/5ce1 to become an arti/4 ,9 mod]n times x is n ! art-ne$+ man b ! slave :o det]m9es ! g5]al conceptions1 ! slave :o accord+ to 8 nature mu/ give deceptive names to all conditions 9 ord] to be able to live4 ,su* phantoms z ! dignity ( man1 ! dignity ( lab\r1 are ! ne$y products ( slav$om hid+ itself f itself4 ,w(ul "t1 9 :i* ! slave requires su* conceptions1 9 :i* he is incit$ to ?9k ab\t & beyond himself6 ,curs$ s$uc]s1 :o h de/roy$ ! slave's /ate ( innoc5ce by ! fruit ( ! tree ( k6 ,n[ ! slave mu/ va9ly scrape ?r\gh f "o day to ano!r ) transp>5t lies recognisable to e "o ( deep] insight1 su* z ! alleg$ equal rights ( all or ! s-call$ fundam5tal rights ( man1 ( man z su*1 or ! dignity ( lab\r4 ,inde$ he is n to und]/& at :at /age & at :at height dignity c fir/ be m5tion$--namely1 at ! po9t1 :]e ! individual goes :olly beyond himself & no long] has to "w & to produce 9 ord] to pres]ve 8 individual exi/5ce4 ,& ev5 on ?is height ( lab\r ! ,greek at times is ov]come by a feel+1 t looks l %ame4 ,9 "o place ,plut>* ) e>li] ,greek in/9ct says t no nobly born y\? on behold+ ! ,zeus 9 ,pisa w\ld h ! desire to become himself a ,phidias1 or on see+ ! ,h]a 9 ,argos1 to become himself a ,polyklet2 & j z little w\ld he wi% to be ,anacreon1 ,philetas or ,ar*ilo*us1 h[ev] mu* he might revel 9 _! poetry4 ,to ! ,greek ! "w ( ! arti/ falls j z mu* "u ! undignifi$ conception ( lab\r z any ignoble craft4 ,b if ! compell+ =ce ( ! arti/ic impulse op]ates 9 him1 !n he mu/ produce & submit himself to t ne$ ( lab\r4 ,& z a fa!r admires ! beauty & ! gift ( 8 *ild b ?9ks ( ! act ( procreation ) %amefac$ dislike1 s x 0 ) ! ,greek4 ,! joyful a/oni%m5t at ! beautiful has n bl9d$ him z to its orig9 :i* appe>$ to him1 l all ,becom+ 9 nature1 to be a p[]ful necessity1 a =c+ ( itself into exi/5ce4 ,t feel+ by :i* ! process ( procreation is consid]$ z some?+ %amefac$ly to be hidd51 al?\gh by x man s]ves a high] purpose ?an 8 individual pres]vation1 ! same feel+ veil$ also ! orig9 ( ! great works ( art1 9 spite ( ! fact t ?r\gh !m a high] =m ( exi/5ce is inaugurat$1 j z ?r\gh t o!r act comes a new g5]ation4 ,! feel+ ( %ame seems !re=e to occur :]e man is m]ely a tool ( manife/ations ( w inf9itely great] ?an he is p]mitt$ to consid] himself 9 ! isolat$ %ape ( ! individual4 ,n[ we h ! g5]al idea to :i* are to be subord9at$ ! feel+s :i* ! ,greek _h ) reg>d to lab\r & slav]y4 ,bo? 7 consid]$ by !m z a necess>y disgrace1 ( :i* "o feels a%am$1 z a disgrace & z a necessity at ! same "t4 ,9 ?is feel+ ( %ame is hidd5 ! unconsci\s disc]nm5t t ! real aim ne$s ^? conditional factors1 b t 9 t ne$ lies ! fe>ful & bea/-(-prey-l quality ( ! ,sph9x ,nature1 :o 9 ! glorification ( ! arti/ically free culture-life s beautifully /ret*es =? h] virg9-body4 ,culture1 :i* is *iefly a real ne$ = art1 re/s ^u a t]rible basis3 ! latt] h[ev] makes itself kn[n 9 ! twilight s5sation ( %ame4 ,9 ord] t !re may be a broad1 deep1 & fruitful soil = ! developm5t ( art1 ! enorm\s majority mu/1 9 ! s]vice ( a m9ority1 be slavi%ly subject$ to life's /ruggle1 to a great] degree ?an _! own wants necessitate4 ,at _! co/1 ?r\gh ! surplus ( _! lab\r1 t privileg$ class is to be reliev$ f ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 9 ord] to create & to satisfy a new _w ( want4 ,accord+ly we mu/ accept ?is cruel s\nd+ tru?1 t slav]y is ( ! ess5ce ( ,culture2 a tru? ( c\rse1 :i* leaves no d\bt z to ! absolute value ( ,exi/5ce4 ,?is tru? is ! vulture1 t gnaws at ! liv] ( ! ,prome!an promot] ( ,culture4 ,! mis]y ( toil+ m5 mu/ /ill increase 9 ord] to make ! production ( ! _w ( art possible to a small numb] ( ,olympian m54 ,"h is to be f\nd ! s\rce ( t secret wra? n\ri%$ by ,communi/s & ,sociali/s ( all times1 & also by _! feebl] desc5dants1 ! :ite race ( ! ,lib]als1 n only aga9/ ! arts1 b also aga9/ classical antiquity4 ,if ,culture really re/$ ^u ! w ( a p1 if "h inexorable p[]s did n rule1 p[]s :i* are law & b>ri] to ! individual1 !n ! contempt = ,culture1 ! glorification ( a poorness 9 _s1 ! iconocla/ic annihilation ( arti/ic claims w\ld be m ?an an insurrection ( ! suppress$ masses aga9/ drone-l individuals2 x w\ld be ! cry ( compassion te>+ d[n ! walls ( ,culture2 ! desire = ju/ice1 = ! equalization ( suff]+1 w\ld swamp all o!r ideas4 ,9 fact "h & !re sometimes an exub]ant degree ( compassion has = a %ort "t op5$ all ! flood gates ( ,culture-life2 a ra9b[ ( compassionate love & ( peace appe>$ ) ! fir/ radiant rise ( ,*ri/ianity & "u x 0 born ,*ri/ianity's mo/ beautiful fruit1 ! gospel accord+ to ,/ ,john4 ,b !re are also in/ances to %[ t p[]ful religions = long p]iods petrify a giv5 degree ( ,culture1 & cut (f ) inexorable sickle ev]y?+ t /ill gr[s on /rongly & luxuriantly4 ,= x is n to be =gott5 t ! same cruelty1 :i* we f\nd 9 ! ess5ce ( e ,culture1 lies also 9 ! ess5ce ( e p[]ful religion & 9 g5]al 9 ! ess5ce ( p[]1 :i* is always evil2 s t we %all und]/& x j z well1 :5 a ,culture is %att]+1 ) a cry = lib]ty or at lea/ ju/ice1 a too highly pil$ bulw>k ( religi\s claims4 ,t :i* 9 ?is sorry s*eme ( ?+s w live 7i4e41 mu/ live71 is at ! bottom ( its nature a reflex ( ! primal-pa9 & primal-contradiction1 & mu/ !re=e /rike our eyes--an organ fa%ion$ = ?is _w & e>?--z an insatiable gre$ = exi/5ce & an et]nal self-contradiction1 )9 ! =m ( "t1 !re=e z ,becom+4 ,e mom5t dev\rs ! prec$+ "o1 e bir? is ! dea? ( innum]able be+s2 begett+1 liv+1 murd]+1 all is "o4 ,!re=e we may comp>e ?is gr& ,culture ) a blood-/a9$ victor1 :o 9 8 triumphal procession c>ries ! defeat$ along z slaves *a9$ to 8 *>iot1 slaves :om a b5efic5t p[] has s bl9d$ t1 almo/ cru%$ by ! :eels ( ! *>iot1 !y nev]!less /ill exclaim3 ,dignity ( lab\r6 ,dignity ( ,man6 ,! voluptu\s ,cleopatra-,culture ?r[s ev] aga9 ! mo/ priceless pe>ls1 ! te>s ( compassion = ! mis]y ( slaves1 into h] gold5 goblet4 ,out ( ! emasculation ( mod]n man has be5 born ! enorm\s social di/ress ( ! pres5t "t1 n out ( ! true & deep commis]ation = t mis]y2 & if x %\ld be true t ! ,greeks p]i%$ ?r\gh _! slav$om !n ano!r fact is mu* m c]ta91 t we %all p]i% ?r\gh ! lack ( slav]y4 ,slav$om did n appe> 9 any way objectionable1 mu* less abom9able1 ei!r to e>ly ,*ri/ianity or to ! ,g]manic race4 ,:at an uplift+ effect on u has ! contemplation ( ! m$ival bondman1 ) 8 legal & moral relations1--relations t 7 inw>dly /rong & t5d]1--t[>ds ! man ( high] rank1 ) ! pr(\nd f5c+-9 ( 8 n>r[ exi/5ce--h[ uplift+6--& h[ reproa*ful6 ,he :o _c reflect ^u ! position ( affairs 9 ,society )\t melan*oly1 :o has le>nt to conceive ( x z ! cont9ual pa9ful bir? ( ^? privileg$ ,culture-m51 9 ^: s]vice ev]y?+ else mu/ be dev\r$--he w no long] be deceiv$ by t false glam\r1 :i* ! mod]ns h spread ov] ! orig9 & mean+ ( ! ,/ate4 ,= :at c ! ,/ate mean to u1 if n ! means by :i* t social-process describ$ j n[ is to be fus$ & to be gu>ante$ 9 its unimp$$ cont9uance8 ,be ! sociable in/9ct 9 individual man z /rong z x may1 x is only ! iron clamp ( ! ,/ate t con/ra9s ! l>ge masses ^u "o ano!r 9 su* a fa%ion t a *emical decomposition ( ,society1 ) its pyramid-l sup]-/ructure1 is b\nd to take place4 ,:5ce h[ev] orig9ates ?is sudd5 p[] ( ! ,/ate1 ^: aim lies mu* beyond ! insight & beyond ! egoism ( ! individual8 ,h[ did ! slave1 ! bl9d mole ( ,culture1 orig9ate8 ,! ,greeks 9 _! in/9ct relat+ to ! law ( nations h betray$ x to u1 9 an in/9ct1 :i* ev5 9 ! ripe/ fulness ( _! civilisation & humanity nev] ceas$ to utt] z out ( a braz5 m\? su* words z3 to ! victor belongs ! vanqui%$1 ) wife & *ild1 life & prop]ty4 ,p[] gives ! fir/ "r & !re is no "r1 :i* at bottom is n presumption1 usurpation1 viol5ce4 ,"h aga9 we see ) :at pitiless inflexibility ,nature1 9 ord] to arrive at ,society1 =ges = h]self ! cruel tool ( ! ,/ate--namely1 t conqu]or ) ! iron h&1 :o is no?+ else ?an ! objectivation ( ! in/9ct indicat$4 ,by ! indef9able greatness & p[] ( su* conqu]ors ! spectator feels1 t !y are only ! means ( an int5tion manife/+ itself ?r\gh !m & yet hid+ itself f !m4 ,! weak] =ces atta* !mselves to !m ) su* my/]i\s spe$1 & trans=m !mselves s wond]fully1 9 ! sudd5 swell+ ( t viol5t avalan*e1 "u ! *>m ( t creative k]nel1 into an aff9ity hi!rto n exi/+1 t x seems z if a magic w 7 emanat+ f !m4 ,n[ :5 we see h[ little ! vanqui%$ tr\ble !mselves aft] a %ort "t ab\t ! horrible orig9 ( ! ,/ate1 s t hi/ory in=ms u ( no class ( ev5ts worse ?an ! orig9s ( ^? sudd51 viol5t1 bloody &1 at lea/ 9 "o po9t1 inexplicable usurpations3 :5 he>ts involunt>ily g out t[>ds ! magic ( ! gr[+ ,/ate ) ! pres5tim5t ( an invisible deep purpose1 :]e ! calculat+ intellect is enabl$ to see an addition ( =ces only2 :5 n[ ! ,/ate is ev5 contemplat$ ) f]v\r z ! goal & ultimate aim ( ! sacrifices & duties ( ! individual3 !n out ( all t speaks ! enorm\s necessity ( ! ,/ate1 )\t :i* ,nature might n succe$ 9 com+1 ?r\gh ,society1 to h] deliv]ance 9 semblance1 9 ! mirror ( ! g5ius4 ,:at disc]nm5ts does ! in/9ctive pleasure 9 ! ,/ate n ov]come6 ,"o w\ld inde$ feel incl9$ to ?9k t a man :o looks into ! orig9 ( ! ,/ate w h5ce=? seek 8 salvation at an awful di/ance f x2 & :]e c "o n see ! monum5ts ( its orig9--deva/at$ l&s1 de/roy$ cities1 brutalis$ m51 dev\r+ hatr$ ( nations6 ,! ,/ate1 ( ignom9i\sly l[ bir?1 = ! majority ( m5 a cont9ually fl[+ s\rce ( h>d%ip1 at frequ5tly recurr+ p]iods ! consum+ tor* ( mank9d--& yet a ^w1 at :i* we =get ourselves1 a battle cry1 :i* has fill$ m5 ) en?usiasm = innum]able really h]oic de$s1 p]haps ! highe/ & mo/ v5]able object = ! bl9d & egoi/ic multitude :i* only 9 ! trem5d\s mom5ts ( ,/ate-life has ! /range expression ( greatness on its face6 ,we h1 h[ev]1 to consid] ! ,greeks1 ) reg>d to ! unique sun-height ( _! art1 z ! political m5 9 !mselves1 & c]ta9ly hi/ory kn[s ( no second in/ance ( su* an awful un*a9+ ( ! political passion1 su* an unconditional immolation ( all o!r int]e/s 9 ! s]vice ( ?is ,/ate-in/9ct2 at ! be/ "o might di/+ui% ! m5 ( ! ,r5asc5ce 9 ,italy ) a simil> title = l reasons & by way ( comp>ison4 ,s ov]load$ is t passion among ! ,greeks t x beg9s ev] anew to rage aga9/ itself & to /rike its tee? into its own fle%4 ,?is bloody jeal\sy ( city aga9/ city1 ( p>ty aga9/ p>ty1 ?is murd]\s gre$ ( ^? little w>s1 ! tig]-l triumph ov] ! corpse ( ! sla9 enemy1 9 %ort1 ! incessant r5ewal ( ^? ,trojan sc5es ( /ruggle & horror1 9 ! spectacle ( :i*1 z a g5u9e ,hell5e1 ,hom] /&s be=e u absorb$ ) delight--:i!r does ?is nave b>b>ism ( ! ,greek ,/ate po9t8 ,:at is its excuse be=e ! tribunal ( et]nal ju/ice8 ,pr\d & calm1 ! ,/ate /eps be=e ?is tribunal & by ! h& x leads ! fl[] ( blossom+ womanhood3 ,greek society4 ,= ?is ,hel5a ! ,/ate wag$ ^? w>s--& :at grey-be>d$ judge c\ld "h condemn8-- ,"u ?is my/]i\s connection1 :i* we "h div9e betwe5 ,/ate & art1 political gre$ & arti/ic creation1 battlefield & "w ( art1 we und]/& by ! ,/ate1 z already rem>k$1 only ! cramp-iron1 :i* compels ! ,social process2 :]eas )\t ! ,/ate1 9 ! natural bellum omnium contra omnes ,society _c /rike root at all on a l>g] scale & beyond ! rea* ( ! family4 ,n[1 aft] ,/ates h be5 e/abli%$ almo/ ev]y:]e1 t b5t ( ! bellum omnium contra omnes conc5trates itself f "t to "t into a t]rible ga!r+ ( w>-cl\ds & dis*>ges itself z x 7 9 r>e b s mu* ! m viol5t %ocks & lightn+ fla%es4 ,b 9 consequ5ce ( ! effect ( t bellum1--an effect :i* is turn$ inw>ds & compress$1--,society is giv5 "t dur+ ! int]vals to g]m9ate & bur/ into leaf1 9 ord]1 z soon z w>m] days come1 to let ! %9+ blossoms ( g5ius spr\t =?4 ,9 face ( ! political _w ( ! ,hell5es1 ,i w n hide ^? ph5om5a ( ! pres5t 9 :i* ,i believe ,i disc]n dang]\s atrophies ( ! political sph]e equally critical = art & society4 ,if !re %\ld exi/ m51 :o z x 7 ?r\gh bir? are plac$ outside ! national-& ,/ate-in/9cts1 :o consequ5tly h to e/eem ! ,/ate only 9 s f> z !y conceive t x co9cides ) _! own int]e/1 !n su* m5 w necess>ily imag9e z ! ultimate political aim ! mo/ undi/urb$ collat]al exi/5ce ( great political communities possible1 :i* !y might be p]mitt$ to pursue _! own purposes )\t re/riction4 ,) ?is idea 9 _! heads !y w promote t policy :i* w (f] ! greate/ security to ^! purposes2 :]eas x is un?9kable1 t !y1 aga9/ _! int5tions1 guid$ p]haps by an unconsci\s in/9ct1 %\ld sacrifice !mselves = ! ,/ate-t5d5cy1 un?9kable because !y lack t v in/9ct4 ,all o!r citiz5s ( ! ,/ate are 9 ! d>k ab\t :at ,nature int5ds ) h] ,/ate-in/9ct )9 !m1 & !y foll[ bl9dly2 only ^? :o /& outside ?is in/9ct "k :at !y want f ! ,/ate & :at ! ,/ate is to grant !m4 ,!re=e x is almo/ unavoidable t su* m5 %\ld ga9 great influ5ce 9 ! ,/ate because !y are all[$ to consid] x z a means1 :]eas all ! o!rs "u ! sway ( ^? unconsci\s purposes ( ! ,/ate are !mselves only means = ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,/ate-purpose4 ,9 ord] n[ to atta91 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,/ate1 ! highe/ fur!rance ( _! selfi% aims1 x is above all necess>y1 t ! ,/ate be :olly fre$ f ^? awfully incalculable w>-convulsions s t x may be us$ rationally2 & !reby !y /rive ) all _! might = a condition ( ?+s 9 :i* w> is an impossibility4 ,= t purpose ! ?+ to d is fir/ to curtail & to enfeeble ! political sep>atisms & factions & ?r\gh ! e/abli%m5t ( l>ge equipois$ ,/ate-bodies & ! mutual safegu>d+ ( !m to make ! successful result ( an aggressive w> & consequ5tly w> itself ! greate/ improbability2 z on ! o!r h& !y w endeav\r to wre/ ! "q ( w> & peace f ! decision ( individual lords1 9 ord] to be able r to appeal to ! egoism ( ! masses or _! repres5tatives2 = :i* purpose !y aga9 ne$ sl[ly to dissolve ! mon>*ic in/9cts ( ! nations4 ,?is purpose !y atta9 be/ ?r\gh ! mo/ g5]al promulgation ( ! lib]al optimi/ic view ( ! _w1 :i* has its roots 9 ! doctr9es ( ,fr5* ,rationalism & ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 i4e41 9 a :olly un-,g]manic1 g5u9ely neo-,lat9 %all[ & unmetaphysical philosophy4 ,i _c help see+ 9 ! prevail+ int]national movem5ts ( ! pres5t day1 & ! simultane\s promulgation ( univ]sal suffrage1 ! effects ( ! fe> ( w> above ev]y?+ else1 yea ,i behold beh9d ^! movem5ts1 ^? truly int]national homeless money-h]mits1 z ! really al>m$1 :o1 ) _! natural lack ( ! ,/ate-in/9ct1 h le>nt to abuse politics z a means ( ! ,ex*ange1 & ,/ate & ,society z an app>atus = _! own enri*m5t4 ,aga9/ ! deviation ( ! ,/ate-t5d5cy into a money-t5d5cy1 to be fe>$ f ?is side1 ! only rem$y is w> & once aga9 w>1 9 ! emotions ( :i* ?is at lea/ becomes obvi\s1 t ! ,/ate is n f\nd$ ^u ! fe> ( ! w>-demon1 z a protective in/itution = egoi/ic individuals1 b 9 love to fa!rl& & pr9ce1 x produces an e?ical impulse1 indicative ( a mu* high] de/9y4 ,if ,i !re=e designate z a dang]\s & *>act]i/ic sign ( ! pres5t political situation ! application ( revolution>y ?\ght 9 ! s]vice ( a selfi% ,/ate-less money-ari/ocracy1 if at ! same "t ,i conceive ( ! enorm\s dissem9ation ( lib]al optimism z ! result ( mod]n f9ancial affairs fall5 into /range h&s1 & if ,i imag9e all evils ( social conditions toge!r ) ! necess>y decay ( ! arts to h ei!r g]m9at$ f t root or gr[n toge!r ) x1 "o w h to p>don my occasionally *ant+ a ,pan on w>4 ,horribly clangs its silv]y b[2 & al?\gh x comes along l ! night1 w> is nev]!less ,apollo1 ! true div9ity = consecrat+ & purify+ ! ,/ate4 ,fir/ ( all1 h[ev]1 z is said 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,iliad1 he lets fly 8 arr[ on ! mules & dogs4 ,!n he /rikes ! m5 !mselves1 & ev]y:]e pyres break into flames4 ,be x !n pron\nc$ t w> is j z mu* a necessity = ! ,/ate z ! slave is = society1 & :o c avoid ?is v]dict if he hone/ly asks himself ab\t ! causes ( ! nev]-equall$ ,greek art-p]fection8 ,he :o contemplates w> & its uni=m$ possibility1 ! soldi]'s pr(ession1 ) respect to ! hi!rto describ$ nature ( ! ,/ate1 mu/ arrive at ! conviction1 t ?r\gh w> & 9 ! pr(ession ( arms is plac$ be=e our eyes an image1 or ev5 p]haps ! prototype ( ! ,/ate4 ,"h we see z ! mo/ g5]al effect ( ! w>-t5d5cy an imm$iate decomposition & division ( ! *aotic mass into milit>y ca/es1 out ( :i* rises1 pyramid-%ap$1 on an exce$+ly broad base ( slaves ! edifice ( ! m>tial society4 ,! unconsci\s purpose ( ! :ole movem5t con/ra9s e individual "u its yoke1 & produces also 9 het]og5e\s natures z x 7 a *emical trans=mation ( _! qualities until !y are br\ght into aff9ity ) t purpose4 ,9 ! highe/ ca/es "o p]ceives already a little m ( :at 9 ?is int]nal process is involv$ at ! bottom1 namely ! creation ( ! milit>y g5ius--) :om we h become acqua9t$ z ! orig9al f\nd] ( /ates4 ,9 ! case ( _m ,/ates1 z1 = example1 9 ! ,lycurgian con/itution ( ,sp>ta1 "o c di/9ctly p]ceive ! impress ( t fundam5tal idea ( ! ,/ate1 t ( ! creation ( ! milit>y g5ius4 ,if we n[ imag9e ! milit>y primal ,/ate 9 its greate/ activity1 at its prop] lab\r1 & if we fix our glance ^u ! :ole te*nique ( w>1 we _c avoid correct+ our notions pick$ up f ev]y:]e1 z to ! dignity ( man & ! dignity ( lab\r by ! "q1 :e!r ! idea ( dignity is applicable also to t lab\r1 :i* has z its purpose ! de/ruction ( ! dignifi$ man1 z well z to ! man :o is entru/$ ) t dignifi$ lab\r1 or :e!r 9 ?is w>like task ( ! ,/ate ^? mutually contradictory ideas d n neutralise "o ano!r4 ,i %\ld l to ?9k ! w>like man to be a means ( ! milit>y g5ius & 8 lab\r aga9 only a tool 9 ! h&s ( t same g5ius2 & n to him1 z absolute man & non-g5ius1 b to him z a means ( ! g5ius--^: pleasure also c be to *oose 8 tool's de/ruction z a m]e pawn sacrific$ on ! /rategi/'s *essbo>d--is due a degree ( dignity1 ( t dignity namely1 to h be5 deem$ wor?y ( be+ a means ( ! g5ius4 ,b :at is %[n "h 9 a s+le in/ance is valid 9 ! mo/ g5]al s5se2 e human be+1 ) 8 total activity1 only has dignity 9 s f> z he is a tool ( ! g5ius1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly2 f ?is we may imm$iately d$uce ! e?ical conclusion1 t man 9 himself1 ! absolute man possesses nei!r dignity1 nor rights1 nor duties2 only z a :olly det]m9$ be+ s]v+ unconsci\s purposes c man excuse 8 exi/5ce4 ,plato's p]fect ,/ate is accord+ to ^! consid]ations c]ta9ly some?+ /ill great] ?an ev5 ! w>m-blood$ among 8 admir]s believe1 n to m5tion ! smil+ mi5 ( sup]iority ) :i* our hi/orically educat$ refuse su* a fruit ( antiquity4 ,! prop] aim ( ! ,/ate1 ! ,olympian exi/5ce & ev]-r5ew$ procreation & prep>ation ( ! g5ius1--comp>$ ) :i* all o!r ?+s are only tools1 exp$i5ts & factors t[>ds realisation--is "h discov]$ ) a poetic intuition & pa9t$ ) firmness4 ,plato saw ?r\gh ! awfully deva/at$ ,h]ma ( ! !n-exi/+ ,/ate-life & p]ceiv$ ev5 !n some?+ div9e 9 its int]ior4 ,he believ$ t "o might be able to take out ?is div9e image & t ! grim & b>b>ically di/ort$ outside & %ell did n belong to ! ess5ce ( ! ,/ate3 ! :ole f]v\r & sublimity ( 8 political passion ?rew itself ^u ?is belief1 ^u t desire--& 9 ! flames ( ?is fire he p]i%$4 ,t 9 8 p]fect ,/ate he did n place at ! head ! g5ius 9 its g5]al mean+1 b only ! g5ius ( wisdom & ( k1 t he altoge!r exclud$ ! inspir$ arti/ f 8 ,/ate1 t 0 a rigid consequ5ce ( ! ,socratian judgm5t on art1 :i* ,plato1 /ruggl+ aga9/ himself1 _h made 8 own4 ,?is m ext]nal1 almo/ incid5tal gap mu/ n prev5t our recognis+ 9 ! total conception ( ! ,platonic ,/ate ! wond]fully great hi]oglyph ( a pr(\nd & et]nally to be int]pret$ esot]ic doctr9e ( ! connection betwe5 ,/ate & ,g5ius4 ,:at we believ$ we c\ld div9e ( ?is cryptograph we h said 9 ?is preface4 ,,! ,,greek ,,woman 7,fragm5t1 #ahga7 ,j z ,plato f disguises & obscurities br\ght to light ! inn]mo/ purpose ( ! ,/ate1 s also he conceiv$ ! *ief cause ( ! position ( ! ,hell5ic ,woman ) reg>d to ! ,/ate2 9 bo? cases he saw 9 :at exi/$ ar\nd him ! image ( ! ideas manife/$ to him1 & ( ^! ideas ( c\rse ! actual 0 only a hazy picture & phantasmagoria4 ,he :o accord+ to ! usual cu/om consid]s ! position ( ! ,hell5ic ,woman to be altoge!r unwor?y & repugnant to humanity1 mu/ also turn ) ?is reproa* aga9/ ! ,platonic conception ( ?is position2 =1 z x 71 ! exi/+ =ms 7 only precisely set =? 9 ?is latt] conception4 ,"h !re=e our "q repeats itself3 %\ld n ! nature & ! position ( ! ,hell5ic ,woman h a necess>y relation to ! goals ( ! ,hell5ic ,w8 ,( c\rse !re is "o side ( ! ,platonic conception ( woman1 :i* /&s 9 abrupt contra/ ) ,hell5ic cu/om3 ,plato gives to woman a full %>e 9 ! rights1 k & duties ( man1 & consid]s woman only z ! weak] sex1 9 t %e w n a*ieve rem>kable success 9 all ?+s1 )\t h[ev] disput+ ?is sex's title to all ^? ?+s4 ,we mu/ n atta* m value to2 ?is /range notion ?an to ! expulsion ( ! arti/ out ( ! ideal ,/ate2 ^! are side-l9es d>+ly mis-drawn1 ab]rations z x 7 ( ! h& o!rwise s sure & ( ! s calmly contemplat+ eye :i* at times "u ! influ5ce ( ! deceas$ ma/] becomes dim & deject$2 9 ?is mood he exagg]ates ! ma/]'s p>adoxes & 9 ! abundance ( 8 love gives himself satisfaction by v ecc5trically int5sify+ ! latt]'s doctr9es ev5 to foolh>d9ess4 ,! mo/ significant ^w h[ev] t ,plato z a ,greek c\ld say on ! relation ( woman to ! ,/ate1 0 t s objectionable dem&1 t 9 ! p]fect ,/ate1 ! ,family 0 to cease4 ,at pres5t let u take no acc\nt ( 8 aboli%+ ev5 m>riage1 9 ord] to c>ry out ?is dem& fully1 & ( 8 sub/itut+ solemn nuptials arrang$ by ord] ( ! ,/ate1 betwe5 ! brave/ m5 & ! noble/ wom51 = ! atta9m5t ( beautiful (fspr+4 ,9 t pr9cipal proposition h[ev] he has indicat$ mo/ di/9ctly--inde$ too di/9ctly1 (f5sively di/9ctly--an important prep>atory /ep ( ! ,hell5ic ,w t[>ds ! procreation ( ! g5ius4 ,b 9 ! cu/oms ( ! ,hell5ic p ! claim ( ! family on man & *ild 0 extremely limit$3 ! man liv$ 9 ! ,/ate1 ! *ild grew up = ! ,/ate & 0 guid$ by ! h& ( ! ,/ate4 ,! ,greek ,w took c>e t ! ne$ ( culture c\ld n be satisfi$ 9 ! seclusion ( a small circle4 ,f ! ,/ate ! individual has to receive ev]y?+ 9 ord] to return ev]y?+ to ! ,/ate4 ,woman accord+ly means to ! ,/ate1 :at sleep does to man4 ,9 h] nature lies ! heal+ p[]1 :i* replaces t :i* has be5 us$ up1 ! b5eficial re/ 9 :i* ev]y?+ immod]ate conf9es itself1 ! et]nal ,same1 by :i* ! excessive & ! surplus regulate !mselves4 ,9 h] ! future g5]ation dreams4 ,woman is m closely relat$ to ,nature ?an man & 9 all h] ess5tials %e rema9s ev] h]self4 ,culture is ) h] always some?+ ext]nal1 a some?+ :i* does n t\* ! k]nel t is et]nally fai?ful to ,nature1 !re=e ! culture ( woman might well appe> to ! ,a!nian z some?+ indiff]5t1 yea--if "o only want$ to conjure x up 9 "o's m9d1 z some?+ ridicul\s4 ,he :o at once feels himself compell$ f t to inf] ! position ( wom5 among ! ,greeks z unwor?y & all too cruel1 %\ld n inde$ take z 8 crit]ion ! culture ( mod]n woman & h] claims1 aga9/ :i* x is suffici5t j to po9t out ! ,olympian wom5 toge!r ) ,p5elope1 ,antigone1 ,elektra4 ,( c\rse x is true t ^! are ideal figures1 b :o w\ld be able to create su* ideals out ( ! pres5t _w8--,fur!r inde$ is to be consid]$ :at sons ^! wom5 h borne1 & :at wom5 !y mu/ h be5 to h giv5 bir? to su* sons6 ,! ,hell5ic woman z "m _h to live 9 obscurity1 because ! political in/9ct toge!r ) its highe/ aim dem&$ x4 ,%e _h to vegetate l a plant1 9 ! n>r[ circle1 z a symbol ( ! ,epicurean wisdom 4 ,aga91 9 m rec5t times1 ) ! complete dis9tegration ( ! pr9ciple ( ! ,/ate1 %e _h to /ep 9 z help]2 ! family z a make%ift = ! ,/ate is h] "w2 & 9 ?is s5se ! arti/ic aim ( ! ,/ate _h to abase itself to ! level ( a dome/ic art4 ,!reby x has be5 br\ght ab\t1 t ! passion ( love1 z ! "o realm :olly accessible to wom51 regulates our art to ! v core4 ,simil>ly1 home-education consid]s itself s to speak z ! only natural "o & suff]s ,/ate-education only z a que/ionable infr+em5t ^u ! "r ( home-education3 all ?is is "r z f> z ! mod]n ,/ate only is conc]n$4--,) t ! nature ( woman )al rema9s unalt]$1 b h] p[] is1 accord+ to ! position :i* ! ,/ate takes up ) reg>d to wom51 a diff]5t "o4 ,wom5 h inde$ really ! p[] to make good to a c]ta9 ext5t ! defici5cies ( ! ,/ate--ev] fai?ful to _! nature1 :i* ,i h comp>$ to sleep4 ,9 ,greek antiquity !y held t position1 :i* ! mo/ supreme w ( ! ,/ate assign$ to !m3 = t reason !y h be5 glorifi$ z nev] s9ce4 ,! goddesses ( ,greek my?ology are _! images3 ! ,py?ia & ! ,sibyl1 z well z ! ,socratic ,diotima are ! prie/esses out ( :om div9e wisdom speaks4 ,n[ "o und]/&s :y ! pr\d resignation ( ! ,sp>tan woman at ! news ( h] son's dea? 9 battle c be no fable4 ,woman 9 relation to ! ,/ate felt h]self 9 h] prop] position1 !re=e %e _h m dignity ?an woman has ev] _h s9ce4 ,plato :o ?r\gh aboli%+ family & m>riage /ill int5sifies ! position ( woman1 feels n[ s mu* rev]5ce t[>ds !m1 t oddly en\gh he is misl$ by a subsequ5t /atem5t ( _! equality ) man1 to aboli% aga9 ! ord] ( rank :i* is _! due3 ! highe/ triumph ( ! woman ( antiquity1 to h s$uc$ ev5 ! wise/6 ,z long z ! ,/ate is /ill 9 an embryonic condition woman z "m prepond]ates & det]m9es ! grade & ! manife/ations ( ,culture3 9 ! same way z woman is de/9$ to complem5t ! disorganis$ ,/ate4 ,:at ,tacitus says ( ,g]man wom53 inesse qu9 etiam sanctum aliquid et providum putant1 nec aut consilia e>um asp]nantur aut responsa neglegunt1 applies on ! :ole to all nations n yet arriv$ at ! real ,/ate4 ,9 su* /ages "o feels only ! m /rongly t :i* at all times becomes aga9 manife/1 t ! in/9cts ( woman z ! bulw>k ( ! future g5]ation are inv9cible & t 9 h] c>e = ! pres]vation ( ! species ,nature speaks out ( ^! in/9cts v di/9ctly4 ,h[ f> ?is div9+ p[] rea*es is det]m9$1 x seems1 by ! great] or less] consolidation ( ! ,/ate3 9 disord]ly & m arbitr>y conditions1 :]e ! :im or ! passion ( ! individual man c>ries along ) itself :ole tribes1 !n woman sudd5ly comes =w>d z ! w>n+ prophetess4 ,b 9 ,greece too !re 0 a nev] slumb]+ c>e t ! t]ribly ov]*>g$ political in/9ct might spl9t] into du/ & atoms ! little political organisms be=e !y atta9$ _! goals 9 any way4 ,"h ! ,hell5ic ,w creat$ = itself ev] new implem5ts by means ( :i* x spoke1 adju/+1 mod]at+1 w>n+3 above all x is 9 ! ,py?ia1 t ! p[] ( woman to comp5sate ! ,/ate manife/$ itself s cle>ly1 z x has nev] done s9ce4 ,t a p split up ?us into small tribes & municipalities1 0 yet at bottom :ole & 0 p]=m+ ! task ( its nature )9 its faction1 0 assur$ by t wond]ful ph5om5on ! ,py?ia & ! ,delphian oracle3 = always1 z long z ,hell5ism creat$ its great works ( art1 x spoke out ( "o m\? & z "o ,py?ia4 ,we _c hold back ! port5t\s disc]nm5t t to ! ,w individuation means mu* suff]+1 & t 9 ord] to rea* ^? individuals ,x ne$s an enorm\s /ep-ladd] ( individuals4 ,x is true our bra9s reel ) ! consid]ation :e!r ! ,w 9 ord] to arrive at ,art1 has p]haps effus$ ,itself out into ^! worlds1 />s1 bodies1 & atoms3 at lea/ x ought to become cle> to u !n1 t ,art is n necess>y = ! individuals1 b = ! ,w itself3 a sublime outlook at :i* we %all be p]mitt$ to glance once m f ano!r position4 ,,on ,,music ,,& ,,words 7,fragm5t1 #ahga7 ,:at we "h h ass]t$ ( ! relation%ip betwe5 language & music mu/ be valid too1 = equal reasons conc]n+ ! relation%ip ( ,mime to ,music4 ,! ,mime too1 z ! int5sifi$ symbolism ( man's ge/ures1 is1 measur$ by ! et]nal significance ( music1 only a simile1 :i* br+s into expression ! inn]mo/ secret ( music b v sup]ficially1 namely on ! sub/ratum ( ! passionately mov$ human body4 ,b if we include language also 9 ! category ( bodily symbolism1 & comp>e ! drama1 accord+ to ! canon advanc$1 ) music1 !n ,i v5ture to ?9k1 a proposition ( ,s*op5hau] w come into ! cle>e/ light1 to :i* ref]5ce mu/ be made aga9 lat] on4 ,x might be admissible1 al?\gh a purely musical m9d does n dem& x1 to jo9 & adapt words or ev5 a cle>ly repres5t$ action to ! pure language ( tones1 al?\gh ! latt]1 be+ self-suffici5t1 ne$s no help2 s t our p]ceiv+ & reflect+ intellect1 :i* does n l to be q idle1 may mean:ile h light & analog\s occupation also4 ,by ?is concession to ! intellect man's att5tion adh]es ev5 m closely to music1 by ?is at ! same "t1 too1 is plac$ und]nea? t :i* ! tones indicate 9 _! g5]al metaphorless language ( ! he>t1 a visible picture1 z x 7 a s*ema1 z an example illu/rat+ a g5]al idea 444 inde$ su* ?+s w ev5 height5 ! effect ( music4 7,s*op5hau]1 ,p>]ga1 ,,ii41 ,on ! ,metaphysics ( ! ,beautiful & /hetics1 #bbd47 ,if we disreg>d ! naturali/ic ext]nal motivation accord+ to :i* our p]ceiv+ & reflect+ intellect does n l to be q idle :5 li/5+ to music1 & att5tion l$ by ! h& ( an obvi\s action foll[s bett]--!n ! drama 9 relation to music has be5 *>act]is$ by ,s*op5hau] = ! be/ reasons z a s*ema1 z an example illu/rat+ a g5]al idea3 & :5 he adds inde$ su* ?+s w ev5 height5 ! effect ( music !n ! enorm\s univ]sality & orig9ality ( vocal music1 ( ! connection ( tone ) metaphor & idea gu>antee ! correctness ( ?is utt]ance4 ,! music ( e p beg9s 9 close/ connection ) lyricism & long be=e absolute music c be ?\ght (1 ! music ( a p 9 t connection passes ?r\gh ! mo/ important /ages ( developm5t4 ,if we und]/& ?is primal lyricism ( a p1 z inde$ we mu/1 to be an imitation ( ! arti/ic typify+ ,nature1 !n z ! orig9al prototype ( t union ( music & lyricism mu/ be reg>d$3 ! duality 9 ! ess5ce ( language1 already typifi$ by ,nature4 ,n[1 aft] discuss+ ! relation ( music to metaphor we w fa?om deep] ?is ess5ce ( language4 ,9 ! multiplicity ( languages ! fact at once manife/s itself1 t ^w & ?+ d n necess>ily co9cide ) "o ano!r completely1 b t ! ^w is a symbol4 ,b :at does ! ^w symbolise8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly only conceptions1 be ^! n[ consci\s ones or z 9 ! great] numb] ( cases1 unconsci\s2 = h[ %\ld a ^w-symbol correspond to t inn]mo/ nature ( :i* we & ! _w are images8 ,only z conceptions we "k t k]nel1 only 9 its metaphorical expressions are we famili> ) x2 beyond t po9t !re is n[h]e a direct bridge :i* c\ld lead u to x4 ,! :ole life ( impulses1 too1 ! play ( feel+s1 s5sations1 emotions1 volitions1 is kn[n to u--z ,i am =c$ to ins]t "h 9 opposition to ,s*op5hau]--aft] a mo/ rigid self-exam9ation1 n accord+ to its ess5ce b m]ely z conception2 & we may well be p]mitt$ to say1 t ev5 ,s*op5hau]'s ,w is no?+ else b ! mo/ g5]al ph5om5al =m ( a ,some?+ o!rwise absolutely indeciph]able4 ,if !re=e we mu/ acquiesce 9 ! rigid necessity ( gett+ n[h]e beyond ! conceptions we c nev]!less aga9 di/+ui% two ma9 species )9 _! realm4 ,! "o species manife/ !mselves to u z pleasure-&-displeasure-s5sations & accompany all o!r conceptions z a nev]-lack+ fundam5tal basis4 ,?is mo/ g5]al manife/ation1 out ( :i* & by :i* alone we und]/& all ,becom+ & all ,will+ & = :i* we w reta9 ! "n ,w has n[ too 9 language its own symbolic sph]e3 & 9 tru? ?is sph]e is equally fundam5tal to ! language1 z t manife/ation is fundam5tal to all o!r conceptions4 ,all degrees ( pleasure & displeasure--expressions ( "o primal cause unfa?omable to u--symbolise !mselves 9 ! tone ( ! speak]3 :]eas all ! o!r conceptions are indicat$ by ! ge/ure-symbolism ( ! speak]4 ,9 s f> z t primal cause is ! same 9 all m51 ! tonal subsoil is also ! common "o1 compreh5sible beyond ! diff]5ce ( language4 ,out ( x n[ develops ! m arbitr>y ge/ure-symbolism :i* is n :olly adequate = its basis3 & ) :i* beg9s ! div]sity ( languages1 ^: multiplicity we are p]mitt$ to consid]--to use a simile--z a /rophic text to t primal melody ( ! pleasure-&-displeasure-language4 ,! :ole realm ( ! consonantal & vocal we believe we may reckon only "u ge/ure-symbolism3 consonants & v[els )\t t fundam5tal tone :i* is necess>y above all else1 are no?+ b positions ( ! organs ( spee*1 9 %ort1 ge/ures--2 z soon z we imag9e ! ^w proce$+ out ( ! m\? ( man1 !n fir/ ( all ! root ( ! ^w1 & ! basis ( t ge/ure-symbolism1 ! tonal subsoil1 ! e*o ( ! pleasure-&-displeasure-s5sations orig9ate4 ,z our :ole corporeality /&s 9 relation to t orig9al ph5om5on1 ! ,w1 s ! ^w built out ( its consonants & v[els /&s 9 relation to its tonal basis4 ,?is orig9al ph5om5on1 ! ,w1 ) its scale ( pleasure-&-displeasure-s5sations atta9s 9 ! developm5t ( music an ev] m adequate symbolic expression3 & to ?is hi/orical process ! cont9u\s ef=t ( lyric poetry runs p>allel1 ! ef=t to transcribe music into metaphors3 exactly z ?is d\ble-ph5om5on1 accord+ to ! j complet$ disquisition1 lies typifi$ 9 language4 ,he :o has foll[$ u into ^! difficult contemplations readily1 att5tively1 & ) "s imag9ation--& ) k9d indulg5ce :]e ! expression has be5 too scanty or too unconditional--w n[ h ! advantage ) u1 ( lay+ be=e himself m s]i\sly & answ]+ m deeply ?an is usually ! case "s /irr+ po9ts ( controv]sy ( pres5t-day /hetics & /ill m ( contempor>y arti/s4 ,let u ?9k n[1 aft] all our assumptions1 :at an und]tak+ x mu/ be1 to set music to a poem2 i4e41 to illu/rate a poem by music1 9 ord] to help music !reby to obta9 a language ( ideas4 ,:at a p]v]t$ _w6 ,a task t appe>s to my m9d l t ( a son want+ to create 8 fa!r6 ,music c create metaphors out ( itself1 :i* w always h[ev] be b s*emata1 in/ances z x 7 ( h] intr9sic g5]al cont5ts4 ,b h[ %\ld ! metaphor1 ! conception1 create music out ( itself6 ,mu* less c\ld ! idea1 or1 z "o has said1 ! poetical idea d ?is4 ,z c]ta9ly z a bridge leads out ( ! my/]i\s ca/le ( ! musician into ! free l& ( ! metaphors--& ! lyric poet /eps across x--z c]ta9ly is x impossible to g ! contr>y way1 al?\gh "s are said to exi/ :o fancy !y h done s4 ,"o might p ! air ) ! phantasy ( a ,raphael1 "o might see ,/4 ,cecilia1 z he does1 li/5+ enraptur$ to ! h>monies ( ! *oirs ( angels--no tone issues f ?is _w app>5tly lo/ 9 music3 ev5 if we imag9$ t t h>mony 9 reality1 z by a miracle1 began to s\nd = u1 :i!r w\ld ,cecilia1 ,paul & ,magdal5a disappe> f u1 :i!r ev5 ! s++ *oir ( angels6 ,we %\ld at once cease to be ,raphael3 & z 9 t picture ! e>?ly in/rum5ts lie %att]$ on ! gr\nd1 s our pa9t]'s vision1 defeat$ by ! high]1 w\ld fade & die away4--,h[ nev]!less c\ld ! miracle happ58 ,h[ %\ld ! ,apollonian _w ( ! eye q engross$ 9 contemplation be able to create out ( itself ! tone1 :i* on ! contr>y symbolises a sph]e :i* is exclud$ & conqu]$ j by t v ,apollonian absorption 9 ,appe>ance8 ,! delight at ,appe>ance _c raise out ( itself ! pleasure at ,non-appe>ance2 ! delight ( p]ceiv+ is delight only by ! fact t no?+ rem9ds u ( a sph]e 9 :i* individuation is brok5 & aboli%$4 ,if we h *>act]is$ at all correctly ! ,apollonian 9 opposition to ! ,dionysean1 !n ! ?\ght :i* attributes to ! metaphor1 ! idea1 ! appe>ance1 9 "s way ! p[] ( produc+ out ( itself ! tone1 mu/ appe> to u /rangely wrong4 ,we w n be ref]r$1 9 ord] to be refut$1 to ! musician :o writes music to exi/+ lyric poems2 = aft] all t has be5 said we %all be compell$ to ass]t t ! relation%ip betwe5 ! lyric poem & its sett+ mu/ 9 any case be a diff]5t "o f t betwe5 a fa!r & 8 *ild4 ,!n :at exactly8 ,"h n[ we may be met on ! gr\nd ( a fav\rite /hetic notion ) ! proposition1 ,x is n ! poem :i* gives bir? to ! sett+ b ! s5tim5t creat$ by ! poem4 ,i d n agree ) t2 ! m subtle or p[]ful /irr+-up ( t pleasure-&-displeasure-subsoil is 9 ! realm ( productive art ! elem5t :i* is in>ti/ic 9 itself2 inde$ only its total exclusion makes ! complete self-absorption & dis9t]e/$ p]ception ( ! arti/ possible4 ,"h p]haps "o might retaliate t ,i myself j n[ pr$icat$ ab\t ! ,w1 t 9 music ,w came to an ev] m adequate symbolic expression4 ,my answ]1 cond5s$ into an /hetic axiom1 is ?is3 ! ,w is ! object ( music b n ! orig9 ( x1 t is ! ,w 9 its v greate/ univ]sality1 z ! mo/ orig9al manife/ation1 "u :i* is to be und]/ood all ,becom+4 ,t1 :i* we call feel+1 is ) reg>d to ?is ,w already p]meat$ & saturat$ ) consci\s & unconsci\s conceptions & is !re=e no long] directly ! object ( music2 x is un?9kable !n t ^! feel+s %\ld be able to create music out ( !mselves4 ,take = in/ance ! feel+s ( love1 fe> & hope3 music c no long] d any?+ ) !m 9 a direct way1 e "o ( !m is already s fill$ ) conceptions4 ,on ! contr>y ^! feel+s c s]ve to symbolise music1 z ! lyric poet does :o translates = himself into ! simile-_w ( feel+s t conceptually & metaphorically unapproa*able realm ( ! ,w1 ! prop] cont5t & object ( music4 ,! lyric poet resembles all ^? he>]s ( music :o are consci\s ( an effect ( music on _! emotions2 ! di/ant & remov$ p[] ( music appeals1 ) !m1 to an int]m$iate realm :i* gives to !m z x 7 a =eta/e1 a symbolic prelim9>y conception ( music prop]1 x appeals to ! int]m$iate realm ( ! emotions4 ,"o might be p]mitt$ to say ab\t !m1 ) respect to ! ,w1 ! only object ( music1 t !y be> ! same relation to ?is ,w1 z ! analog\s morn+-dream1 accord+ to ,s*op5hau]'s !ory1 be>s to ! dream prop]4 ,to all ^?1 h[ev]1 :o are unable to get at music except ) _! emotions1 is to be said1 t !y w ev] rema9 9 ! entrance-hall1 & w nev] h access to ! sanctu>y ( music3 :i*1 z ,i said1 emotion _c %[ b only symbolise4 ,) reg>d h[ev] to ! orig9 ( music1 ,i h already expla9$ t t c nev] lie 9 ! ,w1 b mu/ r re/ 9 ! lap ( t =ce1 :i* "u ! =m ( ! ,w creates out ( itself a vision>y _w3 ! orig9 ( music lies beyond all individuation1 a proposition1 :i* aft] our discussion on ! ,dionysean self-evid5t4 ,at ?is po9t ,i take ! lib]ty ( sett+ =? aga9 compreh5sively side by side ^? decisive propositions :i* ! anti!sis ( ! ,dionysean & ,apollonian dealt ) has compell$ u to enunciate3 ,! ,w1 z ! mo/ orig9al manife/ation1 is ! object ( music3 9 ?is s5se music c be call$ imitation ( ,nature1 b ( ,nature 9 its mo/ g5]al =m4-- ,! ,w itself & ! feel+s--manife/ations ( ! ,w already p]meat$ ) conceptions--are :olly incapable ( creat+ music out ( !mselves1 j z on ! o!r h& x is utt]ly d5i$ to music to repres5t feel+s1 or to h feel+s z its object1 :ile ,w is its only object4-- ,he :o c>ries away feel+s z effects ( music has )9 !m z x 7 a symbolic int]m$iate realm1 :i* c give him a =eta/e ( music1 b excludes him at ! same "t f h] inn]mo/ sanctu>ies4-- ,! lyric poet int]prets music to himself ?r\gh ! symbolic _w ( emotions1 :]eas he himself1 9 ! calm ( ! ,apollonian contemplation1 is exempt$ f ^? emotions4-- ,:51 !re=e1 ! musician writes a sett+ to a lyric poem he is mov$ z musician nei!r ?r\gh ! images nor ?r\gh ! emotional language 9 ! text2 b a musical inspiration com+ f q a diff]5t sph]e *ooses = itself t song-text z allegorical expression4 ,!re _c !re=e be any "q z to a necess>y relation betwe5 poem & music2 = ! two worlds br\ght "h into connection are too /range to "o ano!r to ent] into m ?an a sup]ficial alliance2 ! song-text is j a symbol & /&s to music 9 ! same relation z ! ,egyptian hi]oglyph ( brav]y did to ! brave w>rior himself4 ,dur+ ! highe/ revelations ( music we ev5 feel involunt>ily ! crud5ess ( e figurative ef=t & ( e emotion dragg$ 9 = purposes ( analogy2 = example1 ! la/ qu>tets ( ,bee?ov5 q put to %ame all illu/ration & ! entire realm ( empiric reality4 ,! symbol1 9 face ( ! god really reveal+ himself1 has no long] any mean+2 moreov] x appe>s z an (f5sive sup]ficiality4 ,"o mu/ n ?9k any ! worse ( u = consid]+ f ?is po9t ( view "o item s t we may speak ab\t x )\t res]ve1 namely ! la/ movem5t ( ,bee?ov5's ,n9? ,symphony1 a movem5t :i* is unprec$5t$ & unanalysable 9 its *>ms4 ,to ! di?yrambic _w-r$eem+ exultation ( ?is music ,s*ill]'s poem ,to ,joy1 is :olly incongru\s1 yea1 l cold moon-light1 pales beside t sea ( flame4 ,:o w\ld rob me ( ?is sure feel+8 ,yea1 :o w\ld be able to dispute t t feel+ dur+ ! he>+ ( ?is music does n f9d expression 9 a scream only because we1 :olly impot5t ?r\gh music = metaphor & ^w1 already he> no?+ at all f ,s*ill]'s poem4 ,all t noble sublimity1 yea ! gr&eur ( ,s*ill]'s v]ses has1 beside ! truly nave-innoc5t folk-melody ( joy1 a di/urb+1 tr\bl+1 ev5 crude & (f5sive effect2 only ! ev] full] developm5t ( ! *oir's song & ! masses ( ! or*e/ra prev5t+ u f he>+ !m1 keep f u t s5sation ( incongruity4 ,:at !re=e %all we ?9k ( t awful /hetic sup]/ition t ,bee?ov5 himself made a solemn /atem5t z to 8 belief 9 ! limits ( absolute music1 9 t f\r? movem5t ( ! ,n9? ,symphony1 yea t he z x 7 ) x unlock$ ! portals ( a new art1 )9 :i* music _h be5 enabl$ to repres5t ev5 metaphor & idea & :]eby music _h be5 op5$ to ! consci\s m9d4 ,& :at does ,bee?ov5 himself tell u :5 he has *oir-song introduc$ by a recitative8 ,alas fri5ds1 let u intonate n ^! tones b m pleas+ & joy\s ones6 ,m pleas+ & joy\s ones6 ,= t he ne$$ ! conv9c+ tone ( ! human voice1 = t he ne$$ ! music ( innoc5ce 9 ! folk-song4 ,n ! ^w1 b ! m pleas+ s\nd1 n ! idea b ! mo/ he>tfelt joyful tone 0 *os5 by ! sublime ma/] 9 8 long+ = ! mo/ s\l-?rill+ ensemble ( 8 or*e/ra4 ,& h[ c\ld "o misund]/& him6 ,r may ! same be said ( ?is movem5t z ,ri*>d ,wagn] says ( ! great ,missa ,solemnis :i* he calls a pure symphonic "w ( ! mo/ g5u9e ,bee?ov5-_s 7,bee?ov51 p4 #db74 ,! voices are treat$ "h q 9 ! s5se ( human in/rum5ts1 9 :i* s5se ,s*op5hau] q rightly want$ ^! human voices to be consid]$2 ! text und]ly+ !m is und]/ood by u 9 ^! great ,*ur* compositions1 n 9 its conceptual mean+1 b x s]ves 9 ! s5se ( ! musical "w ( art1 m]ely z mat]ial = vocal music & does n /& to our musically det]m9$ s5sation 9 a di/urb+ position simply because x does n incite 9 u any rational conceptions b1 z its ecclesia/ical "* conditions too1 only t\*es u ) ! impression ( well-kn[n symbolic cre$s4 ,besides ,i d n d\bt t ,bee?ov51 _h he writt5 ! ,t5? ,symphony--( :i* drafts are /ill extant--w\ld h compos$ j ! ,t5? ,symphony4 ,let u n[ approa*1 aft] ^! prep>ations1 ! discussion ( ! op]a1 s z to be able to proce$ aft]w>ds f ! op]a to its c\nt]p>t 9 ! ,greek trag$y4 ,:at we _h to obs]ve 9 ! la/ movem5t ( ! ,n9?1 i4e41 on ! highe/ level ( mod]n music-developm5t1 viz41 t ! ^w-cont5t goes d[n unhe>d 9 ! g5]al sea ( s\nd1 is no?+ isolat$ & peculi>1 b ! g5]al & et]nally valid norm 9 ! vocal music ( all times1 ! norm :i* alone is adequate to ! orig9 ( lyric song4 ,! man 9 a /ate ( ,dionysean excitem5t has a li/5] j z little z ! orgia/ic cr[d1 a li/5] to :om he might h some?+ to communicate1 a li/5] z ! epic n>rator & g5]ally speak+ ! ,apollonian arti/1 to be sure1 presupposes4 ,x is r 9 ! nature ( ! ,dionysean art1 t x has no consid]ation = ! li/5]3 ! inspir$ s]vant ( ,dionysos is1 z ,i said 9 a =m] place1 und]/ood only by 8 compe]s4 ,b if we n[ imag9e a li/5] at ^? endemic outbur/s ( ,dionysean excitem5t !n we %all h to prophesy = him a fate simil> to t :i* ,p5!us ! discov]$ eavesdropp] suff]$1 namely1 to be torn to pieces by ! ,mnads4 ,! lyric musician s+s z ! bird s+s1#a alone1 out ( inn]mo/ compulsion2 :5 ! li/5] comes to him ) a dem& he mu/ become dumb4 ,!re=e x w\ld be altoge!r unnatural to ask f ! lyric musician t "o %\ld also und]/& ! text-words ( 8 song1 unnatural because "h a dem& is made by ! li/5]1 :o has no "r at all dur+ ! lyric outbur/ to claim any?+4 ,n[ ) ! poetry ( ! great anci5t lyric poets 9 y\r h&1 put ! "q hone/ly to y\rself :e!r !y c h ev5 ?\ght ( mak+ !mselves cle> to ! mass ( ! p /&+ ar\nd & li/5+1 cle> ) _! _w ( metaphors & ?\ghts2 answ] ?is s]i\s "q ) a look at ,p9d> & ! s*ylian *oir songs4 ,^! mo/ d>+ & obscure intricacies ( ?\ght1 ?is :irl ( metaphors1 ev] impetu\sly reproduc+ itself1 ?is oracul> tone ( ! :ole1 :i* we1 )\t ! div]sion ( music & or*e/ration1 s (t5 _c p5etrate ev5 ) ! close/ att5tion--0 ?is :ole _w ( miracles transp>5t z glass to ! ,greek cr[d1 yea1 a metaphorical-conceptual int]pretation ( music8 ,& ) su* my/]ies ( ?\ght z are to be f\nd 9 ,p9d> d y ?9k ! wond]ful poet c\ld h wi%$ to elucidate ! music already /rik+ly di/9ct8 ,%\ld we "h n be =c$ to an insight into ! v nature ( ! lyrici/--! arti/ic man1 :o to himself mu/ int]pret music ?r\gh ! symbolism ( metaphors & emotions1 b :o has no?+ to communicate to ! li/5]2 an arti/ :o1 9 complete alo(ness1 ev5 =gets ^? :o /& eag]ly li/5+ ne> him4 ,& z ! lyrici/ 8 hymns1 s ! p s+ ! folk-song1 = !mselves1 out ( 9-mo/ impulse1 unconc]n$ :e!r ! ^w is compreh5sible to him :o does n jo9 9 ! song4 ,let u ?9k ( our own exp]i5ces 9 ! realm ( high] art-music3 :at did we und]/& ( ! text ( a ,mass ( ,pale/r9a1 ( a ,cantata ( ,ba*1 ( an ,oratorio ( ,hndel1 if we ourselves p]haps did n jo9 9 s++8 ,only = him :o jo9s 9 s++ d lyric poetry & vocal music exi/2 ! li/5] /&s be=e x z be=e absolute music4 ,b n[ ! op]a beg9s1 accord+ to ! cle>e/ te/imonies1 ) ! dem& ( ! li/5] to und]/& ! ^w4 ,:at8 ,! li/5] dem&s8 ,! ^w is to be und]/ood8 ,b to br+ music into ! s]vice ( a s]ies ( metaphors & conceptions1 to use x z a means to an end1 to ! /r5g!n+ & elucidation ( su* conceptions & metaphors--su* a peculi> presumption z is f\nd 9 ! concept ( an op]a1 rem9ds me ( t ridicul\s p]son :o endeav\rs to lift himself up into ! air ) 8 own arms2 t :i* ?is fool & :i* ! op]a accord+ to t idea attempt are absolute impossibilities4 ,t idea ( ! op]a does n dem& p]haps an abuse f music b--z ,i said--an impossibility4 ,music nev] c become a means2 "o may pu%1 screw1 torture x2 z tone1 z roll ( ! drum1 9 its crude/ & simple/ /ages1 x /ill defeats poetry & abases ! latt] to its reflection4 ,! op]a z a species ( art accord+ to t concept is !re=e n only an ab]ration ( music1 b an errone\s conception ( /hetics4 ,if ,i h]e)1 aft] all1 ju/ify ! nature ( ! op]a = /hetics1 ,i am ( c\rse f> f ju/ify+ at ! same "t bad op]a music or bad op]a-v]ses4 ,! wor/ music c /ill mean1 z comp>$ ) ! be/ poetry1 ! ,dionysean _w-subsoil1 & ! wor/ poetry c be mirror1 image & reflection ( ?is subsoil1 if toge!r ) ! be/ music3 z c]ta9ly1 namely1 z ! s+le tone aga9/ ! metaphor is already ,dionysean1 & ! s+le metaphor toge!r ) idea & ^w aga9/ music is already ,apollonian4 ,yea1 ev5 bad music toge!r ) bad poetry c /ill in=m z to ! nature ( music & poesy4 ,:5 !re=e ,s*op5hau] felt ,bell9i's ,norma1 = example1 z ! fulfilm5t ( trag$y1 ) reg>d to t op]a's music & poetry1 !n he1 9 ,dionysean-,apollonian emotion & self-=getfulness1 0 q entitl$ to d s1 because he p]ceiv$ music & poetry 9 _! mo/ g5]al1 z x 71 philosophical value1 z music & poetry3 b ) t judgm5t he %[$ a poorly educat$ ta/e1--= good ta/e always has hi/orical p]spective4 ,to u1 :o int5tionally 9 ?is inve/igation avoid any "q ( ! hi/oric value ( an art-ph5om5on & endeav\r to focus only ! ph5om5on itself1 9 its unalt]$ et]nal mean+1 & consequ5tly 9 its highe/ type1 too1--to u ! art-species ( ! op]a seems to be ju/ifi$ z mu* z ! folk-song1 9 s f> z we f9d 9 bo? t union ( ! ,dionysean & ,apollonian & are p]mitt$ to assume = ! op]a--namely = ! highe/ type ( ! op]a--an orig9 analog\s to t ( ! folk-song4 ,only 9 s f> z ! op]a hi/orically kn[n to u has a completely diff]5t orig9 f t ( ! folk-song d we reject ?is op]a1 :i* /&s 9 ! same relation to t g5]ic notion j def5d$ by u1 z ! m>ionette does to a liv+ human be+4 ,x is c]ta91 music nev] c become a means 9 ! s]vice ( ! text1 b mu/ always defeat ! text1 yet music mu/ become bad :5 ! compos] int]rupts e ,dionysean =ce ris+ )9 himself by an anxi\s reg>d = ! words & ge/ures ( 8 m>ionettes4 ,if ! poet ( ! op]a-text has (f]$ him no?+ m ?an ! usual s*ematis$ figures ) _! ,egyptian regul>ity1 !n ! fre]1 m unconditional1 m ,dionysean is ! developm5t ( ! music2 & ! m %e despises all dramatic requirem5ts1 s mu* ! high] w be ! value ( ! op]a4 ,9 ?is s5se x is true ! op]a is1 at its be/1 good music1 & no?+ b music3 :]eas ! juggl]y p]=m$ at ! same "t is1 z x 71 only a fanta/ic disguise ( ! or*e/ra1 above all1 ( ! mo/ important in/rum5ts ! or*e/ra has3 ! s+]s2 & f ?is juggl]y ! judici\s li/5] turns away laugh+4 ,if ! mass is div]t$ by ?is v juggl]y & only p]mits ! music ) x1 !n ! mob f>es z all ^? d :o value ! frame ( a good picture high] ?an ! picture itself4 ,:o treats su* nave ab]rations ) a s]i\s or ev5 pa!tic reproa*8 ,b :at w ! op]a mean z dramatic music1 9 its possibly f>!/ di/ance f pure music1 effici5t 9 itself1 & purely ,dionysean8 ,let u imag9e a passionate drama full ( incid5ts :i* c>ries away ! spectator1 & :i* is already sure ( success by its plot3 :at w dramatic music be able to add1 if x does n take away some?+8 ,fir/ly1 x w take away mu*3 = 9 e mom5t :]e = once ! ,dionysean p[] ( music /rikes ! li/5]1 ! eye is dimm$ t sees ! action1 ! eye t became absorb$ 9 ! individuals appe>+ be=e x3 ! li/5] n[ =gets ! drama & becomes alive aga9 to x only :5 ! ,dionysean spell ov] him has be5 brok54 ,9 s f>1 h[ev]1 z music makes ! li/5] =get ! drama1 x is n yet dramatic music3 b :at k9d ( music is t :i* is n all[$ to ex]cise any ,dionysean p[] ov] ! li/5]8 ,& h[ is x possible8 ,x is possible z purely conv5tional symbolism1 out ( :i* conv5tion has suck$ all natural /r5g?3 z music :i* has dim9i%$ to symbols ( remembrance3 & its effect aims at rem9d+ ! spectator ( some?+1 :i* at ! sight ( ! drama mu/ n escape him le/ he %\ld misund]/& x3 z a trumpet signal is an invitation = ! horse to trot4 ,la/ly1 be=e ! drama comm5c$ & 9 int]ludes or dur+ t$i\s passages1 d\btful z to dramatic effect1 yea1 ev5 9 its highe/ mom5ts1 !re w\ld /ill be p]mitt$ ano!r species ( remembrance-music1 no long] purely conv5tional1 namely emotional-music1 music1 z a /imulant to dull or we>i$ n]ves4 ,i am able to di/+ui% 9 ! s-call$ dramatic music ^! two elem5ts only3 a conv5tional rhetoric & remembrance-music1 & a s5sational music ) an effect ess5tially physical3 & ?us x vacillates betwe5 ! noise ( ! drum & ! signal-horn1 l ! mood ( ! w>rior :o goes into ! battle4 ,b n[ ! m9d1 regal+ itself on pure music & educat$ ?r\gh comp>ison1 dem&s a masqu]ade = ^? two wrong t5d5cies ( music2 ,remembrance & ,emotion are to be play$1 b 9 good music1 :i* mu/ be 9 itself enjoyable1 yea1 valuable2 :at despair = ! dramatic musician1 :o mu/ mask ! big drum by good music1 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ nev]!less h no purely musical1 b only a /imulat+ effect6 ,& n[ comes ! great ,phili/9e public nodd+ its ?\s& heads & enjoys ?is dramatic music :i* is ev] a%am$ ( itself1 enjoys x to ! v la/ morsel1 )\t p]ceiv+ any?+ ( its %ame & emb>rassm5t4 ,r ! public feels its sk9 agreeably tickl$1 = inde$ homage is be+ r5d]$ 9 all =ms & ways to ! public6 ,to ! pleasure-hunt+1 dull-ey$ s5suali/1 :o ne$s excitem5t1 to ! conceit$ educat$ p]son :o has accu/om$ himself to good drama & good music z to good food1 )\t aft] all mak+ mu* out ( x1 to ! =getful & abs5t-m9d$ egoi/1 :o mu/ be l$ back to ! "w ( art ) =ce & ) signal-horns because selfi% plans cont9ually pass ?r\gh 8 m9d aim+ at ga9 or pleasure4 ,woe-begone dramatic musicians6 ,draw ne> & view y\r ,patrons' faces6 ,! half are co>se1 ! half are cold4 ,:y %\ld y rack1 poor fooli% ,b>ds1 = ends l ^! ! graci\s ,muses8#b ,& t ! muses are torm5t$1 ev5 tortur$ & flay$1 ^! v]aci\s mis]able ones d n !mselves d5y6 ,we _h assum$ a passionate drama1 c>ry+ away ! spectator1 :i* ev5 )\t music w\ld be sure ( its effect4 ,i fe> t t 9 x :i* is poetry & n action prop] w /& 9 relation to true poetry z dramatic music to music 9 g5]al3 x w be remembrance-& emotional-poetry4 ,poetry w s]ve z a means1 9 ord] to recall 9 a conv5tional fa%ion feel+s & passions1 ! expression ( :i* has be5 f\nd by real poets & has become celebrat$1 yea1 normal ) !m4 ,fur!r1 ?is poetry w be expect$ 9 dang]\s mom5ts to assi/ ! prop] action1--:e!r a crim9ali/ic horror-/ory or an exhibition ( wit*]y mad ) %ift+ ! sc5es1--& to spread a cov]+ veil ov] ! crud5ess ( ! action itself4 ,%amefully consci\s1 t ! poetry is only masqu]ade :i* _c be> ! light ( day1 su* a dramatic rime-j+le clam\rs n[ = dramatic music1 z on ! o!r h& aga9 ! poeta/] ( su* dramas is met aft] "o-f\r? ( ! way by ! dramatic musician ) 8 tal5t = ! drum & ! signal-horn & 8 %yness ( g5u9e music1 tru/+ 9 itself & self-suffici5t4 ,& n[ !y see "o ano!r2 & ^! ,apollonian & ,dionysean c>icatures1 ?is p> nobile fratrum1 embrace "o ano!r6 #a ,a ref]5ce to ,goe!'s ballad1 ,! ,m9/rel1 /4 #e3 ,i s+ z s+s ! bird1 ^: note ,! leafy b\gh is he>d on4 ,! song t falt]s f my ?roat ,= me is ample gu]don4 ,,tr4 #b ,a quotation f ,goe!'s ,fau/3 ,"p ,i41 l9es #ia1 #ib1 & #ie1 #if4--,,tr4 ,,hom]',s ,,conte/ ,preface to an ,unwritt5 ,book 7#ahgb7 ,:5 "o speaks ( humanity ! notion lies at ! bottom1 t humanity is t :i* sep>ates & di/+ui%es man f ,nature4 ,b su* a di/9ction does n 9 reality exi/3 ! natural qualities & ! prop]ly call$ human ones h gr[n up insep>ably toge!r4 ,man 9 8 highe/ & noble/ capacities is ,nature & be>s 9 himself h] awful tw(old "*4 ,8 abilities g5]ally consid]$ dreadful & inhuman are p]haps inde$ ! f]tile soil1 out ( :i* alone c gr[ =? all humanity 9 emotions1 actions & works4 ,?us ! ,greeks1 ! mo/ humane m5 ( anci5t times1 h 9 !mselves a trait ( cruelty1 ( tig]-l pleasure 9 de/ruction3 a trait1 :i* 9 ! grotesquely magnifi$ image ( ! ,hell5e1 9 ,alex&] ! ,great1 is v pla9ly visible1 :i*1 h[ev]1 9 _! :ole hi/ory1 z well z 9 _! my?ology1 mu/ t]rify u :o meet !m ) ! emasculate idea ( mod]n humanity4 ,:5 ,alex&] has ! feet ( ,batis1 ! brave def5d] ( ,gaza1 bor$ ?r\gh1 & b9ds ! liv+ body to 8 *>iot 9 ord] to drag him ab\t expos$ to ! scorn ( 8 soldi]s1 t is a sick5+ c>icature ( ,a*illes1 :o at night ill-uses ,hector's corpse by a simil> trail+2 b ev5 ?is trait has = u some?+ (f5sive1 some?+ :i* inspires horror4 ,x gives u a peep into ! abysses ( hatr$4 ,) ! same s5sation p]haps we /& be=e ! bloody & insatiable self-lac]ation ( two ,greek p>ties1 z = example 9 ! ,corcyrean revolution4 ,:5 ! victor1 9 a fight ( ! cities1 accord+ to ! law ( w>f>e1 executes ! :ole male population & sells all ! wom5 & *ildr5 into slav]y1 we see1 9 ! sanction ( su* a law1 t ! ,greek deem$ x a positive necessity to all[ 8 hatr$ to break =? unimp$$2 9 su* mom5ts ! compress$ & swoll5 feel+ reliev$ itself2 ! tig] b\nd$ =?1 a voluptu\s cruelty %one out ( 8 fe>ful eye4 ,:y _h ! ,greek sculptor to repres5t aga9 & aga9 w> & fights 9 innum]able repetitions1 ext5d$ human bodies ^: s9ews are tight5$ ?r\gh hatr$ or ?r\gh ! recklessness ( triumph1 fight]s w\nd$ & wri?+ ) pa91 or ! dy+ ) ! la/ rattle 9 _! ?roat8 ,:y did ! :ole ,greek _w exult 9 ! fight+ sc5es ( ! ,iliad8 ,i am afraid1 we d n und]/& !m en\gh 9 ,greek fa%ion1 & t we %\ld ev5 %udd]1 if = once we did und]/& !m ?us4 ,b :at lies1 z ! "m-womb ( ! ,hell5ic1 beh9d ! ,hom]ic _w8 ,9 ! latt]1 by ! extremely arti/ic def9it5ess1 & ! calm & purity ( ! l9es we are already lift$ f> above ! purely mat]ial amalgamation3 its col\rs1 by an arti/ic deception1 appe> light]1 mild]1 w>m]2 its m51 9 ?is col\r$1 w>m illum9ation1 appe> bett] & m sympa!tic--b :]e d we look1 if1 no long] guid$ & protect$ by ,hom]'s h&1 we /ep backw>ds into ! pre-,hom]ic _w8 ,only into night & horror1 into ! products ( a fancy accu/om$ to ! horrible4 ,:at e>?ly exi/5ce is reflect$ 9 ! loa?some-awful !ogonian lore3 a life sway$ only by ! *ildr5 ( ! night1 /rife1 amor\s desires1 deception1 age & dea?4 ,let u imag9e ! suffocat+ atmosph]e ( ,hesiod's poem1 /ill ?ick5$ & d>k5$ & )\t all ! mitigations & purifications1 :i* p\r$ ov] ,hellas f ,delphi & ! num]\s seats ( ! gods6 ,if we mix ?is ?ick5$ ,boeotian air ) ! grim voluptu\sness ( ! ,etruscans1 !n su* a reality w\ld extort f u a _w ( my?s )9 :i* ,uranos1 ,kronos & ,zeus & ! /ruggles ( ! ,titans w\ld appe> z a relief4 ,combat 9 ?is brood+ atmosph]e is salvation & safety2 ! cruelty ( victory is ! summit ( life's glories4 ,& j z 9 tru? ! idea ( ,greek law has develop$ f murd] & expiation ( murd]1 s also nobl] ,civilisation takes h] fir/ wrea? ( victory f ! alt> ( ! expiation ( murd]4 ,beh9d t bloody age /ret*es a wave-furr[ deep into ,hell5ic hi/ory4 ,! names ( ,orpheus1 ( ,musu1 & _! cults indicate to :at consequ5ces ! un9t]rupt$ sight ( a _w ( w>f>e & cruelty l$--to ! loa?+ ( exi/5ce1 to ! conception ( ?is exi/5ce z a puni%m5t to be borne to ! end1 to ! belief 9 ! id5tity ( exi/5ce & indebt$ness4 ,b ^! p>ticul> conclusions are n specifically ,hell5ic2 ?r\gh !m ,greece comes into contact ) ,india & ! ,ori5t g5]ally4 ,! ,hell5ic g5ius _h ready yet ano!r answ] to ! "q3 :at does a life ( fight+ & ( victory mean8 & gives ?is answ] 9 ! :ole bread? ( ,greek hi/ory4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ! latt] we mu/ />t f ! fact t ! ,greek g5ius admitt$ ! exi/+ fe>ful impulse1 & deem$ x ju/ifi$2 :]eas 9 ! ,orphic phase ( ?\ght 0 conta9$ ! belief t life ) su* an impulse z its root w\ld n be wor? liv+4 ,/rife & ! pleasure ( victory 7 ackn[l$g$2 & no?+ sep>ates ! ,greek _w m f ours ?an ! col\r+1 d]iv$ h5ce1 ( "s e?ical ideas1 e4g41 ( ,eris & ( ,envy4 ,:5 ! travell] ,pausanius dur+ 8 w&]+s ?r\gh ,greece visit$ ! ,helicon1 a v old copy ( ! fir/ didactic poem ( ! ,greeks1 ,! ,works & ,days ( ,hesiod1 0 %[n to him1 inscrib$ ^u plates ( lead & sev]ely damag$ by "t & wea!r4 ,h[ev] he recognis$ ?is mu*1 t1 unlike ! usual copies1 x _h n at its head t little hymnus on ,zeus1 b began at once ) ! decl>ation3 ,two ,eris-goddesses are on e>?4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ notewor?y ,hell5ic ?\ghts & wor?y to be impress$ on ! new-com] imm$iately at ! entrance-gate ( ,greek e?ics4 ,"o w\ld l to praise ! "o ,eris1 j z mu* z to blame ! o!r1 if "o uses "o's reason4 ,= ^! two goddesses h q diff]5t dispositions4 ,= ! "o1 ! cruel "o1 fur!rs ! evil w> & feud6 ,no mortal likes h]1 b "u ! yoke ( ne$ "o pays hon\r to ! burd5some ,eris1 accord+ to ! decree ( ! immortals4 ,%e1 z ! eld]1 gave bir? to black night4 ,zeus ! high-rul+ "o1 h[ev]1 plac$ ! o!r ,eris ^u ! roots ( ! e>? & among m5 z a mu* bett] "o4 ,%e urges ev5 ! unskill$ man to "w1 & if "o :o lacks prop]ty beholds ano!r :o is ri*1 !n he ha/5s to s[ 9 simil> fa%ion & to plant & to put 8 h\se 9 ord]2 ! neighb\r vies ) ! neighb\r :o /rives aft] =tune4 ,good is ?is ,eris to m54 ,! pott] also has a grudge aga9/ ! pott]1 & ! c>p5t] aga9/ ! c>p5t]2 ! begg> envies ! begg>1 & ! s+] ! s+]4 ,! two la/ v]ses :i* treat ( ! odium figul9um appe> to our s*ol>s to be incompreh5sible 9 ?is place4 ,accord+ to _! judgm5t ! pr$icates3 grudge & envy fit only ! nature ( ! evil ,eris1 & = ?is reason !y d n hesitate to designate ^! v]ses z spuri\s or ?r[n by *ance into ?is place4 ,= t judgm5t h[ev] a sy/em ( ,e?ics o!r ?an ! ,hell5ic mu/ h inspir$ ^! s*ol>s unaw>es2 = 9 ^! v]ses to ! good ,eris ,ari/otle f9ds no (f5ce4 ,& n only ,ari/otle b ! :ole ,greek antiquity ?9ks ( spite & envy o!rwise ?an we d & agrees ) ,hesiod1 :o fir/ designates z an evil "o t ,eris :o leads m5 aga9/ "o ano!r to a ho/ile w> ( ext]m9ation1 & secondly praises ano!r ,eris z ! good "o1 :o z jeal\sy1 spite1 envy1 incites m5 to activity b n to ! action ( w> to ! knife b to ! action ( conte/4 ,! ,greek is envi\s & conceives ( ?is quality n z a blemi%1 b z ! effect ( a b5efic5t deity4 ,:at a gulf ( e?ical judgm5t betwe5 u & him8 ,because he is envi\s he also feels1 ) e sup]fluity ( hon\r1 ri*es1 spl5d\r & =tune1 ! envi\s eye ( a god re/+ on himself1 & he fe>s ?is envy2 9 ?is case ! latt] rem9ds him ( ! transitor9ess ( e human lot2 he dreads 8 v happ9ess &1 sacrific+ ! be/ ( x1 he b[s be=e ! div9e envy4 ,?is conception does n p]haps e/range him f 8 gods2 _! significance on ! contr>y is express$ by ! ?\ght t ) !m man 9 ^: s\l jeal\sy is enk9dl$ aga9/ e o!r liv+ be+1 is nev] all[$ to v5ture into conte/4 ,9 ! fight ( ,?amyris ) ! ,muses1 ( ,m>syas ) ,apollo1 9 ! he>t-mov+ fate ( ,niobe appe>s ! horrible opposition ( ! two p[]s1 :o mu/ nev] fight ) "o ano!r1 man & god4 ,! great] & m sublime h[ev] a ,greek is1 ! bright] 9 him appe>s ! ambiti\s flame1 dev\r+ ev]ybody :o runs ) him on ! same track4 ,ari/otle once made a li/ ( su* conte/s on a l>ge scale2 among !m is ! mo/ /rik+ in/ance h[ ev5 a dead p]son c /ill incite a liv+ "o to consum+ jeal\sy2 ?us = example ,ari/otle designates ! relation betwe5 ! ,kolophonian ,x5ophanes & ,hom]4 ,we d n und]/& ?is attack on ! national h]o ( poetry 9 all its /r5g?1 if we d n imag9e1 z lat] on also ) ,plato1 ! root ( ?is attack to be ! ard5t desire to /ep into ! place ( ! ov]?r[n poet & to inh]it 8 fame4 ,e great ,hell5e h&s on ! tor* ( ! conte/2 at e great virtue a new light is k9dl$4 ,if ! "y ,!mi/ocles c\ld n sleep at ! ?\ght ( ! laurels ( ,miltiades s 8 e>ly awak5$ b5t releas$ itself only 9 ! long emulation ) ,ari/ides 9 t uniquely notewor?y1 purely in/9ctive g5ius ( 8 political activity1 :i* ,?ucydides describes4 ,h[ *>act]i/ic are bo? "q & answ]1 :5 a notable oppon5t ( ,p]icles is ask$1 :e!r he or ,p]icles 0 ! bett] wre/l] 9 ! city1 & he gives ! answ]3 ,ev5 if ,i ?r[ him d[n he d5ies t he has fall51 atta9s 8 purpose & conv9ces ^? :o saw him fall4 ,if "o wants to see t s5tim5t una%am$ 9 its nave expressions1 ! s5tim5t z to ! necessity ( conte/ le/ ! ,/ate's welf>e be ?reat5$1 "o %\ld ?9k ( ! orig9al mean+ ( ,o/racism1 z = example ! ,ephesians pron\nc$ x at ! bani%m5t ( ,h]modor4 ,among u nobody %all be ! be/2 if h[ev] someone is ! be/1 !n let him be s else:]e & among o!rs4 ,:y %\ld n someone be ! be/8 ,because ) t ! conte/ w\ld fail1 & ! et]nal life-basis ( ! ,hell5ic ,/ate w\ld be endang]$4 ,lat] on ,o/racism receives q ano!r position ) reg>d to ! conte/2 x is appli$1 :5 ! dang] becomes obvi\s t "o ( ! great conte/+ politicians & p>ty-lead]s feels himself urg$ on 9 ! heat ( ! conflict t[>ds h>mful & de/ructive measures & dubi\s c\ps d'tat4 ,! orig9al s5se ( ?is peculi> in/itution h[ev] is n t ( a safety-valve b t ( a /imulant4 ,! all-excell+ individual 0 to be remov$ 9 ord] t ! conte/ ( =ces might re-awak51 a ?\ght :i* is ho/ile to ! exclusiv5ess ( g5ius 9 ! mod]n s5se b :i* assumes t 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s !re are always sev]al g5iuses :i* incite "o ano!r to action1 z mu* also z !y hold "o ano!r )9 ! b\nds ( mod]ation4 ,t is ! k]nel ( ! ,hell5ic conte/-conception3 x abom9ates autocracy1 & fe>s its dang]s2 x desires z a prev5tive aga9/ ! g5ius--a second g5ius4 ,e natural gift mu/ develop itself by conte/4 ,?us ! ,hell5ic national p$agogy dem&s1 :]eas mod]n educators fe> no?+ z mu* z1 ! un*a9+ ( ! s-call$ ambition4 ,"h "o fe>s selfi%ness z ! evil 9 itself--) ! exception ( ! ,jesuits1 :o agree ) ! ,anci5ts & :o1 possibly1 = t reason1 are ! mo/ effici5t educators ( our "t4 ,!y seem to believe t ,selfi%ness1 i4e41 ! individual elem5t is only ! mo/ p[]ful ag5s b t x obta9s its "* z good & evil ess5tially f ! aims t[>ds :i* x /rives4 ,to ! ,anci5ts h[ev] ! aim ( ! agoni/ic education 0 ! welf>e ( ! :ole1 ( ! civic society4 ,e ,a!nian = in/ance 0 to cultivate 8 ,ego 9 conte/1 s f> t x %\ld be ( ! highe/ s]vice to ,a!ns & %\ld d ! lea/ h>m4 ,x 0 n unmeasur$ & immeasurable z mod]n ambition g5]ally is2 ! y\? ?\ght ( ! welf>e ( 8 native t[n :5 he vi$ ) o!rs 9 runn+1 ?r[+ or s++2 x 0 h] glory t he want$ to increase ) 8 own2 x 0 to 8 t[n's gods t he d$icat$ ! wrea?s :i* ! umpires z a m>k ( hon\r set ^u 8 head4 ,e ,greek f *ildhood felt )9 himself ! burn+ wi% to be 9 ! conte/ ( ! t[ns an in/rum5t = ! welf>e ( 8 own t[n2 9 ?is 8 selfi%ness 0 k9dl$ into flame1 by ?is 8 selfi%ness 0 bridl$ & re/rict$4 ,!re=e ! individuals 9 antiquity 7 fre]1 because _! aims 7 ne>] & m tangible4 ,mod]n man1 on ! contr>y1 is ev]y:]e hamp]$ by inf9ity1 l ! fleet-foot$ ,a*illes 9 ! allegory ( ! ,eleate ,z5o3 inf9ity imp$es him1 he does n ev5 ov]take ! tortoise4 ,b z ! y\?s to be educat$ 7 br\ght up /ruggl+ aga9/ "o ano!r1 s _! educators 7 9 turn 9 emulation among/ !mselves4 ,di/ru/fully jeal\s1 ! great musical ma/]s1 ,p9d> & ,simonides1 /epp$ side by side2 9 rivalry ! sophi/1 ! high] tea*] ( antiquity meets 8 fell[-sophi/2 ev5 ! mo/ univ]sal k9d ( in/ruction1 ?r\gh ! drama1 0 imp>t$ to ! p only "u ! =m ( an enorm\s wre/l+ ( ! great musical & dramatic arti/s4 ,h[ wond]ful6 ,& ev5 ! arti/ has a grudge aga9/ ! arti/6 ,& ! mod]n man dislikes 9 an arti/ no?+ s mu* z ! p]sonal battle-feel+1 :]eas ! ,greek recognises ! arti/ only 9 su* a p]sonal /ruggle4 ,!re :]e ! mod]n suspects weakness ( ! "w ( art1 ! ,hell5e seeks ! s\rce ( 8 highe/ /r5g?6 ,t1 :i* by way ( example 9 ,plato is ( special arti/ic importance 9 8 dialogues1 is usually ! result ( an emulation ) ! art ( ! orators1 ( ! sophi/s1 ( ! dramati/s ( 8 "t1 inv5t$ delib]ately 9 ord] t at ! end he c\ld say3 ,behold1 ,i c also d :at my great rivals c2 yea ,i c d x ev5 bett] ?an !y4 ,no ,protagoras has compos$ su* beautiful my?s z ,i1 no dramati/ su* a spirit$ & fasc9at+ :ole z ! ,symposion1 no orator p5n$ su* an oration z ,i put up 9 ! ,georgias--& n[ ,i reject all t toge!r & condemn all imitative art6 ,only ! conte/ made me a poet1 a sophi/1 an orator6 ,:at a problem unfolds itself !re be=e u1 if we ask ab\t ! relation%ip betwe5 ! conte/ & ! conception ( ! "w ( art6--,if on ! o!r h& we remove ! conte/ f ,greek life1 !n we look at once into ! pre-,hom]ic abyss ( horrible savag]y1 hatr$1 & pleasure 9 de/ruction4 ,?is ph5om5on alas6 %[s itself frequ5tly :5 a great p]sonality 01 ow+ to an enorm\sly brilliant de$1 sudd5ly )drawn f ! conte/ & became hors de conc\rs accord+ to 81 & 8 fell[-citiz5s' judgm5t4 ,almo/ )\t exception ! effect is awful2 & if "o usually draws f ^! consequ5ces ! conclusion t ! ,greek 0 unable to be> glory & =tune1 "o %\ld say m exactly t he 0 unable to be> fame )\t fur!r /ruggle1 & =tune at ! end ( ! conte/4 ,!re is no m di/9ct in/ance ?an ! fate ( ,miltiades4 ,plac$ ^u a solit>y height & lift$ f> above e fell[-combatant ?r\gh 8 incomp>able success at ,m>a?on1 he feels a l[ ?ir/+ = rev5ge awak5$ )9 himself aga9/ a citiz5 ( ,p>a1 ) :om he _h be5 at enmity long ago4 ,to satisfy 8 desire he misuses reputation1 ! public ex*equ] & civic hon\r & disgraces himself4 ,consci\s ( 8 ill-success he falls into unwor?y ma*9ations4 ,he =ms a cl&e/9e & godless connection ) ,timo a prie/ess ( ,demet]1 & ent]s at night ! sacr$ temple1 f :i* e man 0 exclud$4 ,aft] he has leapt ov] ! wall & comes ev] ne>] ! %r9e ( ! goddess1 ! dreadful horror ( a panic-l t]ror sudd5ly seizes him2 almo/ pro/rate & unconsci\s he feels himself driv5 back & leap+ ! wall once m1 he falls d[n p>alys$ & sev]ely injur$4 ,! siege mu/ be rais$ & a disgraceful dea? impresses its seal ^u a brilliant h]oic c>e]1 9 ord] to d>k5 x = all po/]ity4 ,aft] ! battle at ,m>a?on ! envy ( ! cele/ials has caught him4 ,& ?is div9e envy breaks into flames :5 x beholds man )\t rival1 )\t oppon5t1 on ! solit>y height ( glory4 ,he n[ has beside him only ! gods--& !re=e he has !m aga9/ him4 ,^! h[ev] betray him into a de$ ( ! ,hybris1 & "u x he collapses4 ,let u well obs]ve t j z ,miltiades p]i%es s ! noble/ ,greek ,/ates p]i% :5 !y1 by m]it & =tune1 h arriv$ f ! racec\rse at ! temple ( ,nike4 ,a!ns1 :i* _h de/roy$ ! indep5d5ce ( h] allies & av5g$ ) sev]ity ! rebellions ( h] subject$ foes1 ,sp>ta1 :i* aft] ! battle ( gospotamoi us$ h] prepond]ance ov] ,hellas 9 a /ill h>%] & m cruel fa%ion1 bo? ^!1 z 9 ! case ( ,miltiades1 br\ght ab\t _! ru9 ?r\gh de$s ( ! ,hybris1 z a pro( t )\t envy1 jeal\sy1 & conte/+ ambition ! ,hell5ic ,/ate l ! ,hell5ic man deg5]ates4 ,he becomes bad & cruel1 ?ir/+ = rev5ge1 & godless2 9 %ort1 he becomes pre-,hom]ic--& !n x ne$s only a panic 9 ord] to br+ ab\t 8 fall & to cru% him4 ,sp>ta & ,a!ns surr5d] to ,p]sia1 z ,!mi/ocles & ,alcibiades h done2 !y betray ,hell5ism aft] !y h giv5 up ! noble/ ,hell5ic fundam5tal ?\ght1 ! conte/1 & ,alex&]1 ! co>s5$ copy & abbreviation ( ,greek hi/ory1 n[ inv5ts ! cosmopolitan ,hell5e1 & ! s-call$ ,hell5ism4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,s*op5hau]',s ,,philosophy ,,to ,a ,,g]man ,,culture ,preface to an ,unwritt5 ,book 7#ahgb7 ,9 de> vile ,g]many culture n[ lies s decay$ 9 ! /reets1 jeal\sy ( all t is great rules s %amelessly1 & ! g5]al tumult ( ^? :o race = ,=tune res\nds s deaf5+ly1 t "o mu/ h a /rong fai?1 almo/ 9 ! s5se ( cr$o quia absurdum e/1 9 ord] to hope /ill = a gr[+ ,culture1 & above all--9 opposition to ! press ) h] public op9ion--to be able to "w by public tea*+4 ,) viol5ce mu/ ^?1 9 ^: he>ts lies ! immortal c>e = ! p1 free !mselves f all ! inru%+ impressions ( t :i* is j n[ actual & valid1 & evoke ! appe>ance ( reckon+ !m indiff]5t ?+s4 ,!y mu/ appe> s1 because !y want to ?9k1 & because a loa?some sight & a confus$ noise1 p]haps ev5 mix$ ) ! trumpet-fl\ri%es ( w>-glory1 di/urb _! ?9k+1 & above all1 because !y want to believe 9 ! ,g]man "* & because ) ?is fai? !y w\ld lose _! /r5g?4 ,d n f9d fault ) ^! believ]s if !y look f _! di/ant alo(ness & f ! heights t[>ds _! ,promis$ ,l&6 ,!y fe> ^? exp]i5ces1 to :i* ! k9dly dispos$ =eign] surr5d]s himself1 :5 he lives among ! ,g]mans1 & mu/ be surpris$ h[ little ,g]man life corresponds to ^? great individuals1 works & actions1 :i*1 9 8 k9d disposition he has le>n$ to rev]e z ! true ,g]man "*4 ,:]e ! ,g]man _c lift himself into ! sublime he makes an impression less ?an ! m$iocre4 ,ev5 ! celebrat$ ,g]man s*ol>%ip1 9 :i* a numb] ( ! mo/ useful dome/ic & homely virtues su* z fai?fulness1 self-re/riction1 indu/ry1 mod]ation1 cleanl9ess appe> transpos$ into a pur] atmosph]e &1 z x 71 transfigur$1 is by no means ! result ( ^! virtues2 look$ at closely1 ! motive urg+ to unlimit$ k appe>s 9 ,g]many mu* m l a defect1 a gap1 ?an an abundance ( =ces1 x looks almo/ l ! consequ5ce ( a ne$y =mless atrophi$ life & ev5 l a flight f ! moral n>r[-m9d$ness & malice to :i* ! ,g]man )\t su* div]sions is subject$1 & :i* also 9 spite ( t s*ol>%ip1 yea /ill )9 s*ol>%ip itself1 (t5 break =?4 ,z ! true virtuosi ( phili/9ism ! ,g]mans are at home 9 n>r[ness ( life1 disc]n+ & judg+2 if any "o w c>ry !m above !mselves into ! sublime1 !n !y make !mselves heavy z lead1 & z su* lead-weights !y hang to _! truly great m51 9 ord] to pull !m d[n out ( ! e!r to ! level ( _! own necessit\s indig5ce4 ,p]haps ?is ,phili/9e homel9ess may be only ! deg5]ation ( a g5u9e ,g]man virtue--a pr(\nd subm]sion into ! detail1 ! m9ute1 ! ne>e/ & into ! my/]ies ( ! individual--b ?is virtue gr[n m\ldy is n[ worse ?an ! mo/ op5 vice1 especially s9ce "o has n[ become consci\s1 ) gladness ( ! he>t1 ( ?is quality1 ev5 to lit]>y self-glorification4 ,n[ ! ,educat$ among ! prov]bially s cultur$ ,g]mans & ! ,phili/9es among !1 z ev]ybody kn[s1 s uncultur$ ,g]mans %ake h&s 9 public & agree ) "o ano!r conc]n+ ! way 9 :i* h5ce=? "o w h to write1 compose poetry1 pa9t1 make music & ev5 philosophise1 yea--rule1 s z nei!r to /& too mu* alo( f ! culture ( ! "o1 nor to give (f5ce to ! homel9ess ( ! o!r4 ,?is !y call n[ ,! ,g]man ,culture ( our times4 ,well1 x is only necess>y to inquire aft] ! *>act]i/ic by :i* t educat$ p]son is to be recognis$2 n[ t we "k t 8 fo/]-bro!r1 ! ,g]man ,phili/9e1 makes himself kn[n z su* to all ! _w1 )\t ba%fulness1 z x 71 aft] innoc5ce is lo/4 ,! educat$ p]son n[adays is educat$ above all hi/orically1 by 8 hi/oric consci\sness he saves himself f ! sublime 9 :i* ! ,phili/9e succe$s by 8 homel9ess4 ,no long] t en?usiasm :i* hi/ory inspires--z ,goe! 0 all[$ to suppose--b j ! blunt+ ( all en?usiasm is n[ ! goal ( ^! admir]s ( ! nil admir>i1 :5 !y try to conceive ev]y?+ hi/orically2 to !m h[ev] we %\ld exclaim3 ,ye are ! fools ( all c5turies6 ,hi/ory w make to y only ^? confessions1 :i* y are wor?y to receive4 ,! _w has be5 at all times full ( trivialities & non5tities2 to y\r hi/oric hank]+ j ^! & only ^! unveil !mselves4 ,by y\r ?\s&s y may p\nce ^u an epo*--y w aft]w>ds hung] z be=e & be all[$ to boa/ ( y\r sort ( />v$ s\ndness4 ,illam ipsam quam iactant sanitatem non firmitate s$ iciunio consequuntur4 7,dialogus de oratoribus1 cap4 #be47 ,hi/ory has n ?\ght fit to tell y any?+ t is ess5tial1 b scorn+ & invisible %e /ood by y\r side1 slipp+ into ?is "o's h& "s /ate proce$+s1 into t "o's an ambassadorial report1 into ano!r's a date or an etymology or a pragmatic cobweb4 ,d y really believe y\rself able to reckon up hi/ory l an addition sum1 & d y consid] y\r common intellect & y\r ma!matical education good en\gh = t8 ,h[ x mu/ vex y to he>1 t o!rs n>rate ?+s1 out ( ! be/ kn[n p]iods1 :i* y w nev] conceive1 nev]6 ,if n[ to ?is education1 call+ itself hi/oric b de/itute ( en?usiasm1 & to ! ho/ile ,phili/9e activity1 foam+ ) rage aga9/ all t is great1 is add$ t ?ird brutal & excit$ company ( ^? :o race aft] ,=tune--!n t 9 summa results 9 su* a confus$ %riek+ & su* a limb-dislocat+ turmoil t ! ?9k] ) /opp$-up e>s & bl9dfold$ eyes flees into ! mo/ solit>y wild]ness1--:]e he may see1 :at ^? nev] w see1 :]e he mu/ he> s\nds :i* rise to him out ( all ! dep?s ( nature & come d[n to him f ! />s4 ,"h he conf]s ) ! great problems float+ t[>ds him1 ^: voices ( c\rse s\nd j z com=tless-awful1 z unhi/oric-et]nal4 ,! feeble p]son flees back f _! cold brea?1 & ! calculat+ "o runs "r ?r\gh !m )\t p]ceiv+ !m4 ,!y deal wor/1 h[ev]1 ) ! educat$ man :o at times be/[s great pa9s ^u !m4 ,to him ^! phantoms trans=m !mselves into conceptual cobwebs & holl[ s\nd-figures4 ,grasp+ aft] !m he imag9es he has philosophy2 9 ord] to se>* = !m he climbs ab\t 9 ! s-call$ hi/ory ( philosophy--& :5 at la/ he has collect$ & pil$ up q a cl\d ( su* ab/ractions & /]eotyp$ patt]ns1 !n x may happ5 to him t a real ?9k] crosses 8 pa? &--puffs !m away4 ,:at a desp]ate annoyance inde$ to m$dle ) philosophy z an educat$ p]son6 ,f "t to "t x is true x appe>s to him z if ! impossible connection ( philosophy ) t :i* n[adays gives itself airs z ,g]man ,culture has become possible2 "s mongrel dallies & ogles betwe5 ! two sph]es & confuses fantasy on ?is side & on ! o!r4 ,mean:ile h[ev] "o piece ( advice is to be giv5 to ! ,g]mans1 if !y d n wi% to let !mselves be confus$4 ,!y may put to !mselves ! "q ab\t ev]y?+ t !y n[ call ,culture3 is ?is ! hop$-= ,g]man ,culture1 s s]i\s & creative1 s r$eem+ = ! ,g]man m9d1 s purify+ = ! ,g]man virtues t _! only philosoph] 9 ?is c5tury1 ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau]1 %\ld h to esp\se its cause8 ,"h y h ! philosoph]--n[ se>* = ! ,culture prop] to him6 ,& if y are able to div9e :at k9d ( culture t w\ld h to be1 :i* w\ld correspond to su* a philosoph]1 !n y h1 9 ?is div9ation1 already pass$ s5t5ce on all y\r culture & on y\rselves6 ,,philosophy ,,dur+ ,,! ,,tragic ,,age ,,( ,,! ,,greeks 7#ahgc7 ,,preface 7,probably #ahgd7 ,if we "k ! aims ( m5 :o are /rang]s to u1 x is suffici5t = u to approve ( or condemn !m z :oles4 ,^? :o /& ne>] to u we judge accord+ to ! means by :i* !y fur!r _! aims2 we (t5 disapprove ( _! aims1 b love !m = ! sake ( _! means & ! /yle ( _! volition4 ,n[ philosophical sy/ems are absolutely true only to _! f\nd]s1 to all lat] philosoph]s !y are usually "o big mi/ake1 & to feebl] m9ds a sum ( mi/akes & tru?s2 at any rate if reg>d$ z highe/ aim !y are an error1 & 9 s f> repreh5sible4 ,!re=e _m disapprove ( e philosoph]1 because 8 aim is n !irs2 !y are ^? :om ,i call$ /rang]s to u4 ,:oev] on ! contr>y f9ds any pleasure at all 9 great m5 f9ds pleasure also 9 su* sy/ems1 be !y ev] s errone\s1 = !y all h 9 !m "o po9t :i* is irrefutable1 a p]sonal t\*1 & col\r2 "o c use !m 9 ord] to =m a picture ( ! philosoph]1 j z f a plant gr[+ 9 a c]ta9 place "o c =m conclusions z to ! soil4 ,t mode ( life1 ( view+ human affairs at any rate1 has exi/$ once & is !re=e possible2 ! sy/em is ! gr[? 9 ?is soil or at lea/ a "p ( ?is sy/em4444 ,i n>rate ! hi/ory ( ^? philosoph]s simplifi$3 ,i %all br+ into relief only t po9t 9 e sy/em :i* is a little bit ( p]sonality1 & belongs to t :i* is irrefutable1 & indiscussable1 :i* hi/ory has to pres]ve3 x is a fir/ attempt to rega9 & recreate ^? natures by comp>ison1 & to let ! polyphony ( ,greek nature at lea/ res\nd once aga93 ! task is1 to br+ to light t :i* we mu/ always love & rev]e & ( :i* no lat] k c rob u3 ! great man4 ,,lat] ,,preface 7,t[>ds ! end ( #ahgi7 ,?is attempt to relate ! hi/ory ( ! e>li] ,greek philosoph]s di/+ui%es itself f simil> attempts by its brevity4 ,?is has be5 accompli%$ by m5tion+ b a small numb] ( ! doctr9es ( e philosoph]1 i4e41 by incomplet5ess4 ,^? doctr9es1 h[ev]1 h be5 select$ 9 :i* ! p]sonal elem5t ( ! philosoph] re-e*oes mo/ /rongly2 :]eas a complete enum]ation ( all possible propositions h&$ d[n to u--z is ! cu/om 9 text-books--m]ely br+s ab\t "o ?+1 ! absolute sil5c+ ( ! p]sonal elem5t4 ,x is ?r\gh ?is t ^? records become s t$i\s2 = 9 sy/ems :i* h be5 refut$ x is only ?is p]sonal elem5t t c /ill int]e/ u1 = ?is alone is et]nally irrefutable4 ,x is possible to %ape ! picture ( a man out ( ?ree anecdotes4 ,i endeav\r to br+ into relief ?ree anecdotes out ( e sy/em & ab&on ! rema9d]4 #a4 ,!re are oppon5ts ( philosophy1 & "o does well to li/5 to !m2 especially if !y dissuade ! di/emp]$ heads ( ,g]mans f metaphysics & on ! o!r h& prea* to !m purification ?r\gh ! ,physis1 z ,goe! did1 or heal+ ?r\gh ,music1 z ,wagn]4 ,! physicians ( ! p condemn philosophy2 he1 !re=e1 :o wants to ju/ify x1 mu/ %[ to :at purpose heal?y nations use & h us$ philosophy4 ,if he c %[ t1 p]haps ev5 ! sick p w b5efit by le>n+ :y philosophy is h>mful j to !m4 ,!re are inde$ good in/ances ( a heal? :i* c exi/ )\t any philosophy or ) q a mod]ate1 almo/ a toy+ use ( x2 ?us ! ,romans at _! be/ p]iod liv$ )\t philosophy4 ,b :]e is to be f\nd ! in/ance ( a nation becom+ diseas$ :om philosophy _h re/or$ to heal?8 ,:5ev] philosophy %[$ itself help+1 sav+1 prophylactic1 x 0 ) heal?y p2 x made sick p /ill m ill4 ,if ev] a nation 0 dis9tegrat$ & b loosely connect$ ) ! individuals1 nev] has philosophy b\nd ^! individuals clos] to ! :ole4 ,if ev] an individual 0 will+ to /& aside & plant ar\nd himself ! h$ge ( self-suffici5cy1 philosophy 0 always ready to isolate him /ill m & to de/roy him ?r\gh isolation4 ,%e is dang]\s :]e %e is n 9 h] full "r1 & x is only ! heal? ( a nation b n t ( e nation :i* gives h] ?is "r4 ,let u n[ look ar\nd = ! highe/ au?ority z to :at con/itutes ! heal? ( a nation4 ,i he ,greeks1 z ! truly heal?y nation1 h ju/ifi$ philosophy once = all by hav+ philosophis$2 & t inde$ m ?an all o!r nations4 ,!y c\ld n ev5 /op at ! "r "t1 = /ill 9 _! )]$ age !y comport$ !mselves z heat$ not>ies ( philosophy1 al?\gh !y und]/ood by x only ! pi\s sophi/ries & ! sacrosanct hair-splitt+s ( ,*ri/ian dogmatics4 ,!y !mselves h mu* less5$ _! m]it = b>b>ian po/]ity by n be+ able to /op at ! "r "t1 because t po/]ity 9 its un9/ruct$ & impetu\s y\? necess>ily became entangl$ 9 ^? artfully wov5 nets & ropes4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,greek knew h[ to beg9 at ! "r "t1 & ?is lesson1 :5 "o ought to beg9 philosophis+1 !y tea* m di/9ctly ?an any o!r nation4 ,= x %\ld n be begun :5 tr\ble comes z p]haps "s presume :o d]ive philosophy f moros5ess2 no1 b 9 good =tune1 9 mature manhood1 out ( ! mid/ ( ! f]v5t s]5ity ( a brave & victori\s man's e/ate4 ,! fact t ! ,greeks philosophis$ at t "t ?r[s light on ! nature ( philosophy & h] task z well z on ! nature ( ! ,greeks !mselves4 ,_h !y at t "t be5 su* commons5se & precoci\s exp]ts & gay>ds z ! le>n$ ,phili/9e ( our days p]haps imag9es1 or _h _! life be5 only a /ate ( voluptu\s so>+1 *im+1 brea?+ & feel+1 z ! unle>n$ vision>y is pleas$ to assume1 !n ! spr+ ( philosophy w\ld n h come to light among !m4 ,at ! be/ !re w\ld h come =? a brook soon trickl+ away 9 ! s& or evaporat+ into fogs1 b nev] t broad riv] fl[+ =? ) ! pr\d beat ( its waves1 ! riv] :i* we "k z ,greek ,philosophy4 ,true1 x has be5 eag]ly po9t$ out h[ mu* ! ,greeks c\ld f9d & le>n abroad1 9 ! ,ori5t1 & h[ _m diff]5t ?+s !y may easily h br\ght f !re4 ,( c\rse an odd spectacle result$1 :5 c]ta9 s*ol>s br\ght toge!r ! alleg$ ma/]s f ! ,ori5t & ! possible disciples f ,greece1 & exhibit$ ,z>a?u/ra ne> ,h]aclitus1 ! ,h9doos ne> ! ,eleates1 ! ,egyptians ne> ,emp$ocles1 or ev5 ,anaxagoras among ! ,jews & ,py?agoras among ! ,*9ese4 ,9 detail little has be5 det]m9$2 b we %\ld 9 no way object to ! g5]al idea1 if p did n burd5 u ) ! conclusion t !re=e ,philosophy _h only be5 import$ into ,greece & 0 n indig5\s to ! soil1 yea1 t %e1 z some?+ =eign1 _h possibly ru9$ r ?an improv$ ! ,greek4 ,no?+ is m fooli% ?an to swe> by ! fact t ! ,greeks _h an aborig9al culture2 no1 !y r absorb$ all ! culture fl\ri%+ among o!r nations1 & !y advanc$ s f>1 j because !y und]/ood h[ to hurl ! spe> fur!r f ! v spot :]e ano!r nation _h let x re/4 ,!y 7 admirable 9 ! art ( le>n+ productively1 & s1 l !m1 we ought to le>n f our neighb\rs1 ) a view to ,life n to p$antic k1 us+ ev]y?+ le>nt z a foo?old :5ce to leap high & /ill high] ?an our neighb\r4 ,! que/ions z to ! beg9n+ ( philosophy are q negligible1 = ev]y:]e 9 ! beg9n+ !re is ! crude1 ! un=m$1 ! empty & ! ugly2 & 9 all ?+s only ! high] /ages come into consid]ation4 ,he :o 9 ! place ( ,greek philosophy pref]s to conc]n himself ) t ( ,egypt & ,p]sia1 because ! latt] are p]haps m orig9al & c]ta9ly old]1 proce$s j z ill-advis$ly z ^? :o _c be at ease be=e !y h trac$ back ! ,greek my?ology1 s gr& & pr(\nd1 to su* physical trivialities z sun1 lightn+1 wea!r & fog1 z its prime orig9s1 & :o fondly imag9e !y h r$iscov]$ = in/ance 9 ! re/rict$ wor%ip ( ! "o cele/ial vault among ! o!r ,indo-,g]mans a pur] =m ( religion ?an ! poly-!i/ic wor%ip ( ! ,greek _h be54 ,! road t[>ds ! beg9n+ always leads into b>b>ism1 & he :o is conc]n$ ) ! ,greeks ought always to keep 9 m9d ! fact t ! unsubdu$ ?ir/ = k 9 itself always b>b>ises j z mu* z ! hatr$ ( k1 & t ! ,greeks h subdu$ _! inh]5tly insatiable ?ir/ = k by _! reg>d = ,life1 by an ideal ne$ ( ,life1--s9ce !y wi%$ to live imm$iately t :i* !y le>nt4 ,! ,greeks also philosophis$ z m5 ( culture & ) ! aims ( culture1 & !re=e sav$ !mselves ! tr\ble ( inv5t+ once aga9 ! elem5ts ( philosophy & k out ( "s auto*?on\s conceit1 & ) a w !y at once set !mselves to fill out1 enhance1 raise & purify ^! elem5ts !y _h tak5 ov] 9 su* a way1 t only n[ 9 a high] s5se & 9 a pur] sph]e !y became inv5tors4 ,= !y discov]$ ! typical philosoph]'s g5ius1 & ! inv5tions ( all po/]ity h add$ no?+ ess5tial4 ,e nation is put to %ame if "o po9ts out su* a wond]fully idealis$ company ( philosoph]s z t ( ! e>ly ,greek ma/]s1 ,?ales1 ,anaxim&]1 ,h]aclitus1 ,p>m5ides1 ,anaxagoras1 ,emp$ocles1 ,democritus & ,socrates4 ,all ^? m5 are integral1 entire & self-conta9$1#a & hewn out ( "o /one4 ,sev]e necessity exi/s betwe5 _! ?9k+ & _! "*4 ,!y are n b\nd by any conv5tion1 because at t "t no pr(essional class ( philosoph]s & s*ol>s exi/$4 ,!y all /& be=e u 9 magnific5t solitude z ! only ones :o !n devot$ _! life exclusively to k4 ,!y all possess ! virtu\s en]gy ( ! ,anci5ts1 :]eby !y excel all ! lat] philosoph]s 9 f9d+ _! own =m & 9 p]fect+ x by metamorphosis 9 its mo/ m9ute details & g5]al aspect4 ,= !y 7 met by no helpful & facilitat+ fa%ion4 ,?us toge!r !y =m :at ,s*op5hau]1 9 opposition to ! ,republic ( ,s*ol>s1 has call$ a ,republic ( ,g5iuses2 "o giant calls to ano!r across ! arid int]vals ( ages1 &1 undi/urb$ by a wanton1 noisy race ( dw>fs1 creep+ ab\t b5ea? !m1 ! sublime int]c\rse ( spirits cont9ues4 ,( ?is sublime int]c\rse ( spirits ,i h resolv$ to relate ^? items :i* our mod]n h>dness ( he>+ might p]haps he> & und]/&2 t means c]ta9ly ! lea/ ( all4 ,x seems to me t ^? old sages f ,?ales to ,socrates h discuss$ 9 t int]c\rse1 al?\gh 9 its mo/ g5]al aspect1 ev]y?+ t con/itutes = our contemplation ! peculi>ly ,hell5ic4 ,9 _! int]c\rse1 z already 9 _! p]sonalities1 !y express di/9ctly ! great features ( ,greek g5ius ( :i* ! :ole ( ,greek hi/ory is a %ad[y impression1 a hazy copy1 :i* consequ5tly speaks less cle>ly4 ,if we c\ld rightly int]pret ! total life ( ! ,greek nation1 we %\ld ev] f9d reflect$ only t picture :i* 9 h] highe/ g5iuses %9es ) m respl5d5t col\rs4 ,ev5 ! fir/ exp]i5ce ( philosophy on ,greek soil1 ! sanction ( ! ,sev5 ,sages is a di/9ct & un=gettable l9e 9 ! picture ( ! ,hell5ic4 ,o!r nations h _! ,sa9ts1 ! ,greeks h ,sages4 ,rightly x has be5 said t a nation is *>act]is$ n only by h] great m5 b r by ! mann] 9 :i* %e recognises & hon\rs !m4 ,9 o!r ages ! philosoph] is an accid5tal solit>y w&]] 9 ! mo/ ho/ile environm5t1 ei!r sl9k+ ?r\gh or pu%+ himself ?r\gh ) cl5*$ fi/s4 ,) ! ,greek h[ev] ! philosoph] is n accid5tal2 :5 9 ! ,six? & ,fif? c5turies amid/ ! mo/ frightful dang]s & s$uctions ( secul>isation he appe>s & z x 7 /eps =? f ! cave ( ,trophonios into ! v mid/ ( luxuriance1 ! discov]]s' happ9ess1 ! weal? & ! s5su\sness ( ! ,greek colonies1 !n we div9e t he comes z a noble w>n] = ! same purpose = :i* 9 ^? c5turies ,trag$y 0 born & :i* ! ,orphic my/]ies 9 _! grotesque hi]oglyphics give u to und]/&4 ,! op9ion ( ^? philosoph]s on ,life & ,exi/5ce altoge!r means s mu* m ?an a mod]n op9ion because !y _h be=e !mselves ,life 9 a luxuriant p]fection1 & because ) !m1 unlike u1 ! s5se ( ! ?9k] 0 n muddl$ by ! disunion eng5d]$ by ! wi% = fre$om1 beauty1 fulness ( life & ! love = tru? t only asks3 ,:at is ! good ( ,life at all8 ,! mission :i* ! philosoph] has to dis*>ge )9 a real ,culture1 fa%ion$ 9 a homog5e\s /yle1 _c be cle>ly conjectur$ out ( our circum/ances & exp]i5ces = ! simple reason t we h no su* culture4 ,no1 x is only a ,culture l ! ,greek :i* c answ] ! "q z to t task ( ! philosoph]1 only su* a ,culture c1 z ,i said be=e1 ju/ify philosophy at all2 because su* a ,culture alone kn[s & c demon/rate :y & h[ ! philosoph] is n an accid5tal1 *ance w&]] driv5 n[ hi!r1 n[ ?i!r4 ,!re is a /eely necessity :i* fett]s ! philosoph] to a true ,culture3 b :at if ?is ,culture does n exi/8 ,!n ! philosoph] is an incalculable & !re=e t]ror-inspir+ comet1 :]eas 9 ! fav\rable case1 he %9es z ! c5tral /> 9 ! sol>-sy/em ( culture4 ,x is = ?is reason t ! ,greeks ju/ify ! philosoph]1 because ) !m he is no comet4 #a ,cf4 ,napoleon's ^w ab\t ,goe!3 ,voil un homme6--,,tr4 #b ,aft] su* contemplations x w be accept$ )\t (f5ce if ,i speak ( ! pre-,platonic philosoph]s z ( a homog5e\s company1 & devote ?is pap] to !m exclusively4 ,some?+ q new beg9s ) ,plato2 or x might be said ) equal ju/ice t 9 comp>ison ) t ,republic ( ,g5iuses f ,?ales to ,socrates1 ! philosoph]s s9ce ,plato lack some?+ ess5tial4 ,:oev] wants to express himself unfav\rably ab\t ^? old] ma/]s may call !m "o-sid$1 & _! ,epigones1 ) ,plato z head1 _m-sid$4 ,yet x w\ld be m j & unbiass$ to conceive ( ! latt] z philosophic hybrid-*>act]s1 ( ! =m] z ! pure types4 ,plato himself is ! fir/ magnific5t hybrid-"*1 & z su* f9ds expression z well 9 8 philosophy z 9 8 p]sonality4 ,9 8 ideology are unit$ ,socratian1 ,py?agorean1 & ,h]aclitean elem5ts1 & = ?is reason x is no typically pure ph5om5on4 ,z man1 too1 ,plato m+les ! features ( ! royally seclud$1 all-suffic+ ,h]aclitus1 ( ! melan*oly-compassionate & legislatory ,py?agoras & ( ! psy*o-exp]t dialectician ,socrates4 ,all lat] philosoph]s are su* hybrid-*>act]s2 :]ev] some?+ "o-sid$ does come into prom95ce ) !m z 9 ! case ( ! ,cynics1 x is n type b c>icature4 ,mu* m important h[ev] is ! fact t !y are f\nd]s ( sects & t ! sects f\nd$ by !m are all in/itutions 9 direct opposition to ! ,hell5ic culture & ! unity ( its /yle prevail+ up to t "t4 ,9 _! way !y seek a r$emption1 b only = ! individuals or at ! be/ = gr\ps ( fri5ds & disciples closely connect$ ) !m4 ,! activity ( ! old] philosoph]s t5ds1 al?\gh !y 7 unconsci\s ( x1 t[>ds a cure & purification on a l>ge scale2 ! mighty c\rse ( ,greek culture is n to be /opp$2 awful dang]s are to be remov$ out ( ! way ( its curr5t2 ! philosoph] protects & def5ds 8 native c\ntry4 ,n[1 s9ce ,plato1 he is 9 exile & conspires aga9/ 8 fa!rl&4 ,x is a real mis=tune t s v little ( ^? old] philosophic ma/]s has come d[n to u & t all complete works ( !irs are )held f u4 ,involunt>ily1 on acc\nt ( t loss1 we measure !m accord+ to wrong /&>ds & all[ ourselves to be influ5c$ unfav\rably t[>ds !m by ! m]e accid5tal fact t ,plato & ,ari/otle nev] lack$ appreciators & copyi/s4 ,"s p presuppose a special provid5ce = books1 a fatum libellorum2 su* a provid5ce h[ev] w\ld at any rate be a v malici\s "o if x deem$ x wise to )hold f u ! works ( ,h]aclitus1 ,emp$ocles' wond]ful poem1 & ! writ+s ( ,democritus1 :om ! anci5ts put on a p> ) ,plato1 :om he ev5 excels z f> z +5uity goes1 & z a sub/itute put into our h& ,/oics1 ,epicureans & ,cic]o4 ,probably ! mo/ sublime "p ( ,greek ?\ght & its expression 9 words is lo/ to u2 a fate :i* w n surprise ! man :o rememb]s ! mis=tunes ( ,scotus ,erig5a or ( ,pascal1 & :o consid]s t ev5 9 ?is enlight5$ c5tury ! fir/ edition ( ,s*op5hau]'s ,! ,_w ,z ,w ,& ,idea became wa/e-pap]4 ,if somebody w presuppose a special fatali/ic p[] ) respect to su* ?+s he may d s & say ) ,goe!3 ,let no "o compla9 ab\t & grumble at ?+s vile & mean1 !y are ! real rul]s1--h[ev] mu* ?is be ga9said6 ,9 p>ticul> !y are m p[]ful ?an ! p[] ( tru?4 ,mank9d v r>ely produces a good book 9 :i* ) d>+ fre$om is intonat$ ! battle-song ( tru?1 ! song ( philosophic h]oism2 & yet :e!r x is to live a c5tury long] or to crumble & m\ld] into du/ & a%es1 dep5ds on ! mo/ mis]able accid5ts1 on ! sudd5 m5tal eclipse ( m5's heads1 on sup]/iti\s convulsions & antipa?ies1 f9ally on f+]s n too fond ( writ+ or ev5 on erod+ bookworms & ra9y wea!r4 ,b we w n lam5t b r take ! advice ( ! reprov+ & consolatory words :i* ,hamann addresses to s*ol>s :o lam5t ov] lo/ works4 ,w\ld n ! arti/ :o succe$$ 9 ?r[+ a l5til ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le h suffici5t1 ) a bu%el ( l5tils1 to practise 8 acquir$ skill8 ,"o w\ld l to put ?is "q to all s*ol>s :o d n "k h[ to use ! works ( ! ,anci5ts any bett] ?an t man us$ 8 l5tils4 ,x might be add$ 9 our case t n "o m ^w1 anecdote1 or date ne$$ to be transmitt$ to u ?an has be5 transmitt$1 inde$ t ev5 mu* less might h be5 pres]v$ = u & yet we %\ld h be5 able to e/abli% ! g5]al doctr9e t ! ,greeks ju/ify philosophy4 ,a "t :i* suff]s f ! s-call$ g5]al education b has no culture & no unity ( /yle 9 h] life h>dly kn[s :at to d ) philosophy1 ev5 if ! latt] 7 proclaim$ by ! v ,g5ius ( ,tru? 9 ! /reets & m>ket-places4 ,%e r rema9s at su* a "t ! le>n$ monologue ( ! solit>y rambl]1 ! accid5tal booty ( ! individual1 ! hidd5 closet-secret or ! innocu\s *att] betwe5 academic s5ility & *ildhood4 ,nobody d>e v5ture to fulfil 9 himself ! law ( philosophy1 nobody lives philosophically1 ) t simple manly fai? :i* compell$ an ,anci5t1 :]ev] he 01 :atev] he did1 to deport himself z a ,/oic1 :5 he _h once pl$g$ 8 fai? to ! ,/oa4 ,all mod]n philosophis+ is limit$ politically & regulat$ by ! police to le>n$ semblance4 ,?anks to gov]nm5ts1 *ur*es1 academies1 cu/oms1 fa%ions1 & ! c[>dice ( man1 x nev] gets beyond ! sigh3 ,if only6444 or beyond ! k3 ,once ^u a "t !re 0444 ,philosophy is )\t rights2 !re=e mod]n man1 if he 7 at all c\rage\s & consci5ti\s1 ought to condemn h] & p]haps bani% h] ) words simil> to ^? by :i* ,plato bani%$ ! tragic poets f 8 ,/ate4 ,( c\rse !re w\ld be left a reply = h]1 z !re rema9$ to ^? poets aga9/ ,plato4 ,if "o once compell$ h] to speak out %e might say p]haps3 ,mis]able ,nation6 ,is x my fault if among y ,i am on ! tramp1 l a =tune tell] ?r\gh ! l&1 & mu/ hide & disguise myself1 z if ,i 7 a great s9n] & ye my judges8 ,j look at my si/]1 ,art6 ,x is ) h] z ) me2 we h be5 ca/ adrift among ! ,b>b>ians & no long] "k h[ to save ourselves4 ,"h we are lack+1 x is true1 e good "r2 b ! judges be=e :om we f9d ju/ice judge y also & w tell y3 ,fir/ acquire a culture2 !n y %all exp]i5ce :at ,philosophy c & w d4-- #c4 ,greek philosophy seems to beg9 ) a prepo/]\s fancy1 ) ! proposition t wat] is ! orig9 & "m-womb ( all ?+s4 ,is x really necess>y to /op !re & become s]i\s8 ,yes1 & = ?ree reasons3 ,fir/ly1 because ! proposition does enunciate some?+ ab\t ! orig9 ( ?+s2 secondly1 because x does s )\t figure & fable2 ?irdly & la/ly1 because 9 x is conta9$1 al?\gh only 9 ! *rysalis /ate1 ! idea3 ,ev]y?+ is "o4 ,! fir/ m5tion$ reason leaves ,?ales /ill 9 ! company ( religi\s & sup]/iti\s p1 ! second h[ev] takes him out ( ?is company & %[s him to u z a natural philosoph]1 b by virtue ( ! ?ird1 ,?ales becomes ! fir/ ,greek philosoph]4 ,if he _h said3 ,out ( wat] e>? is evolv$1 we %\ld only h a sci5tific hypo!sis2 a false "o1 ?\gh nev]!less difficult to refute4 ,b he w5t beyond ! sci5tific4 ,9 8 pres5tation ( ?is concept ( unity ?r\gh ! hypo!sis ( wat]1 ,?ales has n surm\nt$ ! l[ level ( ! physical disc]nm5ts ( 8 "t1 b at ! be/ ov]leapt !m4 ,! defici5t & unorganis$ obs]vations ( an empiric nature :i* ,?ales _h made z to ! occurr5ce & trans=mations ( wat]1 or to be m exact1 ( ! ,moi/1 w\ld n 9 ! lea/ h made possible or ev5 sugge/$ su* an imm5se g5]alisation4 ,t :i* drove him to ?is g5]alisation 0 a metaphysical dogma1 :i* _h its orig9 9 a my/ic intuition & :i* toge!r ) ! ev] r5ew$ endeav\rs to express x bett]1 we f9d 9 all philosophies1--! proposition3 ,ev]y?+ is "o6 ,h[ despotically su* a fai? deals ) all empiricism is wor?y ( note2 ) ,?ales especially "o c le>n h[ ,philosophy has behav$ at all times1 :5 %e want$ to get beyond ! h$ges ( exp]i5ce to h] magically attract+ goal4 ,on light supports %e leaps 9 advance2 hope & div9ation w+ h] feet4 ,calculat+ reason too1 clumsily pants aft] h] & seeks bett] supports 9 its attempt to rea* t allur+ goal1 at :i* its div9e companion has already arriv$4 ,"o sees 9 imag9ation two w&]]s by a wild =e/-/ream :i* c>ries ) x roll+ /ones2 ! "o1 light-foot$1 leaps ov] x us+ ! /ones & sw++ himself ^u !m ev] fur!r & fur!r1 ?\gh !y precipit\sly s9k into ! dep?s beh9d him4 ,! o!r /&s helpless !re mo/ ( ! "t2 he has fir/ to build a pa?way :i* w be> 8 heavy1 we>y /ep2 sometimes t _c be done & !n no god w help him across ! /ream4 ,:at !re=e c>ries philosophical ?9k+ s quickly to its goal8 ,does x di/+ui% itself f calculat+ & measur+ ?\ght only by its m rapid flight ?r\gh l>ge spaces8 ,no1 = a /range illogical p[] w+s ! foot ( philosophical ?9k+2 & ?is p[] is ,fancy4 ,lift$ by ! latt]1 philosophical ?9k+ leaps f possibility to possibility1 & ^! = ! "t be+ are tak5 z c]ta9ties2 & n[ & !n ev5 :il/ on ! w+ x gets hold ( c]ta9ties4 ,an +5i\s pres5tim5t %[s !m to ! fli]2 demon/rable c]ta9ties are div9$ at a di/ance to be at ?is po9t4 ,especially p[]ful is ! /r5g? ( ,fancy 9 ! lightn+-l seiz+ & illum9at+ ( simil>ities2 aft]w>ds reflection applies its /&>ds & models & seeks to sub/itute ! simil>ities by equalities1 t :i* 0 se5 side by side by causalities4 ,b ?\gh ?is %\ld nev] be possible1 ev5 9 ! case ( ,?ales ! indemon/rable philosophis+ has yet its value2 al?\gh all supports are brok5 :5 ,logic & ! rigidity ( ,empiricism want to get across to ! proposition3 ,ev]y?+ is wat]2 yet /ill !re is always1 aft] ! demolition ( ! sci5tific edifice1 a rema9d]1 & 9 ?is v rema9d] lies a mov+ =ce & z x 7 ! hope ( future f]tility4 ,( c\rse ,i d n mean t ! ?\ght 9 any re/riction or att5uation1 or z allegory1 /ill reta9s "s k9d ( tru?2 z if1 = in/ance1 "o might imag9e ! creat+ arti/ /&+ ne> a wat]fall1 & see+ 9 ! =ms :i* leap t[>ds him1 an arti/ically prefigur+ game ( ! wat] ) human & animal bodies1 masks1 plants1 rocks1 nymphs1 griff9s1 & ) all exi/+ types 9 g5]al1 s t to him ! proposition3 ,ev]y?+ is wat]1 is confirm$4 ,! ?\ght ( ,?ales has r its value--ev5 aft] ! p]ception ( its indemon/rabl5ess--9 ! v fact1 t x 0 meant unmy?ically & unallegorically4 ,! ,greeks among :om ,?ales became s sudd5ly conspicu\s 7 ! anti-type ( all reali/s by only believ+ ess5tially 9 ! reality ( m5 & gods1 & by contemplat+ ! :ole ( nature z if x 7 only a disguise1 masqu]ade & metamorphosis ( ^! god-m54 ,man 0 to !m ! tru?1 & ess5ce ( ?+s2 ev]y?+ else m]e ph5om5on & deceiv+ play4 ,= t v reason !y exp]i5c$ incr$ible difficulty 9 conceiv+ ( ideas z ideas4 ,:il/ ) ! mod]ns ! mo/ p]sonal item sublimates itself into ab/ractions1 ) !m ! mo/ ab/ract notions became p]sonifi$4 ,?ales1 h[ev]1 said1 ,n man b wat] is ! reality ( ?+s 2 he began to believe 9 nature1 9 s f> t he at lea/ believ$ 9 wat]4 ,z a ma!matician & a/ronom] he _h gr[n cold t[>ds ev]y?+ my?ical & allegorical1 & ev5 if he did n succe$ 9 becom+ disillusion$ z to ! pure ab/raction1 ,ev]y?+ is "o1 & al?\gh he left (f at a physical expression he 0 nev]!less among ! ,greeks ( 8 "t a surpris+ r>ity4 ,p]haps ! exce$+ly conspicu\s ,orpheans possess$ 9 a /ill high] degree ?an he ! faculty ( conceiv+ ab/ractions & ( ?9k+ unpla/ically2 only !y did n succe$ 9 express+ ^! ab/ractions except 9 ! =m ( ! allegory4 ,also ,ph]ecydes ( ,syrus :o is a contempor>y ( ,?ales & ak9 to him 9 _m physical conceptions hov]s ) ! expression ( ! latt] 9 t middle region :]e ,allegory is w$d$ to ,my?os1 s t he d>es1 = example1 to comp>e ! e>? ) a w+$ oak1 :i* hangs 9 ! air ) spread p9ions & :i* ,zeus b$ecks1 aft] ! defeat ( ,kronos1 ) a magnific5t robe ( hon\r1 into :i* ) 8 own h&s ,zeus embroid]s l&s1 wat] & riv]s4 ,9 contra/ ) su* gloomy allegorical philosophis+ sc>cely to be translat$ into ! realm ( ! compreh5sible1 ,?ales' are ! works ( a creative ma/] :o began to look into ,nature's dep?s )\t fanta/ic fabl+4 ,if z x is true he us$ ,sci5ce & ! demon/rable b soon out-leapt !m1 !n ?is likewise is a typical *>act]i/ic ( ! philosophical g5ius4 ,! ,greek ^w :i* designates ! ,sage belongs etymologically to sapio1 ,i ta/e1 sapi5s1 ! ta/+ "o1 sisyphos1 ! man ( ! mo/ delicate ta/e2 ! peculi> art ( ! philosoph] !re=e consi/s1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! p1 9 a delicate selective judgm5t by ta/e1 by disc]nm5t1 by significant diff]5tiation4 ,he is n prud5t1 if "o calls him prud5t1 :o 9 8 own affairs f9ds out ! good2 ,ari/otle rightly says3 ,t :i* ,?ales & ,anaxagoras "k1 p w call unusual1 a/\nd+1 difficult1 div9e b--useless1 s9ce human possessions 7 ( no conc]n to ^? two4 ,?r\gh ?us select+ & precipitat+ ! unusual1 a/\nd+1 difficult1 & div9e1 ,philosophy m>ks ! b\nd>y-l9es divid+ h] f ,sci5ce 9 ! same way z %e does x f ,prud5ce by ! emphasis+ ( ! useless4 ,sci5ce )\t ?us select+1 )\t su* delicate ta/e1 p\nces ^u ev]y?+ kn[able1 9 ! bl9d covet\sness to "k all at any price2 philosophical ?9k+ h[ev] is always on ! track ( ! ?+s wor? kn[+1 on ! track ( ! great & mo/ important disc]nm5ts4 ,n[ ! idea ( greatness is *angeable1 z well 9 ! moral z 9 ! /hetic realm1 ?us ,philosophy beg9s ) a legislation ) respect to greatness1 %e becomes a ,nom5clator4 ,t is great1 %e says1 & !re) %e raises man above ! bl9d1 untam$ covet\sness ( 8 ?ir/ = k4 ,by ! idea ( greatness %e assuages ?is ?ir/3 & x is *iefly by ?is1 t %e contemplates ! greate/ disc]nm5t1 t ( ! ess5ce & k]nel ( ?+s1 z atta9able & atta9$4 ,:5 ,?ales says1 ,ev]y?+ is wat]1 man is />tl$ up out ( 8 worm-l maul+ ( & crawl+ ab\t among ! individual sci5ces2 he div9es ! la/ solution ( ?+s & ma/]s ?r\gh ?is div9ation ! common p]plexity ( ! l[] grades ( k4 ,! philosoph] tries to make ! total-*ord ( ! univ]se re-e*o )9 himself & !n to project x into ideas outside himself3 :il/ he is contemplative l ! creat+ arti/1 sympa!tic l ! religioni/1 look+ out = ends & causalities l ! sci5tific man1 :il/ he feels himself swell up to ! macrocosm1 he /ill reta9s ! circumspection to contemplate himself coldly z ! reflex ( ! _w2 he reta9s t cool-head$ness1 :i* ! dramatic arti/ possesses1 :5 he trans=ms himself into o!r bodies1 speaks out ( !m1 & yet kn[s h[ to project ?is trans=mation outside himself into writt5 v]ses4 ,:at ! v]se is to ! poet1 dialectic ?9k+ is to ! philosoph]2 he snat*es at x 9 ord] to hold fa/ 8 en*antm5t1 9 ord] to petrify x4 ,& j z words & v]se to ! dramati/ are only /amm]+s 9 a =eign language1 to tell 9 x :at he liv$1 :at he saw1 & :at he c directly promulgate by ge/ure & music only1 ?us ! expression ( e deep philosophical intuition by means ( dialectics & sci5tific reflection is1 x is true1 on ! "o h& ! only means to communicate :at has be5 se51 b on ! o!r h& x is a paltry means1 & at ! bottom a metaphorical1 absolutely inexact translation into a diff]5t sph]e & language4 ,?us ,?ales saw ! ,unity ( ! ,exi/5t1 & :5 he want$ to communicate ?is idea he talk$ ( wat]4 #d ,:il/ ! g5]al type ( ! philosoph] 9 ! picture ( ,?ales is set (f r hazily1 ! picture ( 8 great successor already speaks mu* m di/9ctly to u4 ,anaxim&] ( ,milet1 ! fir/ philosophical au?or ( ! ,anci5ts1 writes 9 ! v way t ! typical philosoph] w always write z long z he is n ali5at$ f +5u\sness & navet by odd claims3 9 a gr& lapid>ian /yle ( writ+1 s5t5ce = s5t5ce 444 a witness ( a new inspiration1 & an expression ( ! soj\rn+ 9 sublime contemplations4 ,! ?\ght & its =m are mile/ones on ! pa? t[>ds ! highe/ wisdom4 ,) su* a lapid>ian emphasis ,anaxim&] once said3 ,:5ce ?+s orig9at$1 ?i!r1 accord+ to necessity1 !y mu/ return & p]i%2 = !y mu/ pay p5alty & be judg$ = _! inju/ices accord+ to ! ord] ( "t4 ,enigmatical utt]ance ( a true pessimi/1 oracul> inscription on ! b\nd>y-/one ( ,greek philosophy1 h[ %all we expla9 !e8 ,! only s]i\s morali/ ( our c5tury 9 ! ,p>]gis 7,vol4 ii41 *ap4 #ab1 ,additional ,rem>ks on ,! ,doctr9e ab\t ! ,suff]+ 9 ! ,_w1 ,app5dix ( ,correspond+ ,passages7 urges on u a simil> contemplation3 ,! "r /&>d by :i* to judge e human be+ is t he really is a be+ :o ought n to exi/ at all1 b :o is expiat+ 8 exi/5ce by manifold =ms ( suff]+ & dea?3--,:at c "o expect f su* a be+8 ,are we n all s9n]s condemn$ to dea?8 ,we expiate our bir? fir/ly by our life & secondly by our dea?4 ,he :o 9 ! physiognomy ( our univ]sal human lot reads ?is doctr9e & already recognises ! fundam5tal bad quality ( e human life1 9 ! fact t none c /& a v close & c>eful contemplation--al?\gh our "t1 accu/om$ to ! biographical epidemic1 seems to ?9k o!rwise & m l(tily ab\t ! dignity ( man2 he :o1 l ,s*op5hau]1 on ! heights ( ! ,indian breezes has he>d ! sacr$ ^w ab\t ! moral value ( exi/5ce1 w be kept ) difficulty f mak+ an extremely an?ropomorphic metaphor & f g5]aliz+ t melan*oly doctr9e--at fir/ only limit$ to human life--& apply+ x by transmission to ! g5]al "* ( all exi/5ce4 ,x may n be v logical1 x is h[ev] at any rate v human & moreov] q 9 h>mony ) ! philosophical leap+ describ$ above1 n[ ) ,anaxim&] to consid] all ,becom+ z a puni%able emancipation f et]nal ,be+1 z a wrong t is to be aton$ = by de/ruction4 ,ev]y?+ t has once come into exi/5ce also p]i%es1 :e!r we ?9k ( human life or ( wat] or ( heat & cold2 ev]y:]e :]e def9ite qualities are to be notic$1 we are all[$ to prophesy ! ext9ction ( ^! qualities--accord+ to ! all-embrac+ pro( ( exp]i5ce4 ,?us a be+ t possesses def9ite qualities & consi/s ( !m1 c nev] be ! orig9 & pr9ciple ( ?+s2 ! v]itable ens1 ! ,exi/5t1 ,anaxim&] conclud$1 _c possess any def9ite qualities1 o!rwise1 l all o!r ?+s1 x w\ld necess>ily h orig9at$ & p]i%$4 ,9 ord] t ,becom+ may n cease1 ! ,primordial-be+ mu/ be indef9ite4 ,! immortality & et]nity ( ! ,primordial-be+ lies n 9 an inf9it5ess & inexhau/ibility--z usually ! exp\nd]s ( ,anaxim&] presuppose--b 9 ?is1 t x lacks ! def9ite qualities :i* lead to de/ruction1 = :i* reason x be>s also its "n3 ,! ,indef9ite4 ,! ?us labell$ ,primordial-be+ is sup]ior to all ,becom+ & = ?is v reason x gu>antees ! et]nity & unimp$$ c\rse ( ,becom+4 ,?is la/ unity 9 t ,indef9ite1 ! "m-womb ( all ?+s1 c1 x is true1 be designat$ only negatively by man1 z some?+ to :i* no pr$icate out ( ! exi/+ _w ( ,becom+ c be allott$1 & might be consid]$ a pe] to ! ,kantian ,?+-9-itself4 ,( c\rse he :o is able to wrangle p]si/5tly ) o!rs z to :at k9d ( ?+ t primordial sub/ance really 01 :e!r p]haps an int]m$iate ?+ betwe5 air & wat]1 or p]haps betwe5 air & fire1 has n und]/ood our philosoph] at all2 ?is is likewise to be said ab\t ^?1 :o s]i\sly ask !mselves1 :e!r ,anaxim&] _h ?\ght ( 8 primordial sub/ance z a mixture ( all exi/+ sub/ances4 ,r we mu/ direct our gaze to ! place :]e we c le>n t ,anaxim&] no long] treat$ ! "q ( ! orig9 ( ! _w z purely physical2 we mu/ direct our gaze t[>ds t fir/ /at$ lapid>ian proposition4 ,:5 on ! contr>y he saw a sum ( wrongs to be expiat$ 9 ! plurality ( ?+s t h become1 !n he1 z ! fir/ ,greek1 ) d>+ grasp caught up ! tangle ( ! mo/ pr(\nd e?ical problem4 ,h[ c any?+ p]i% t has a "r to exi/8 ,:5ce t re/less ,becom+ & giv+-bir?1 :5ce t expression ( pa9ful di/ortion on ! face ( ,nature1 :5ce ! nev]-end+ dirge 9 all realms ( exi/5ce8 ,out ( ?is _w ( inju/ice1 ( audaci\s apo/asy f ! primordial-unity ( ?+s ,anaxim&] flees into a metaphysical ca/le1 lean+ out ( :i* he turns 8 gaze f> & wide 9 ord] at la/1 aft] a p5sive sil5ce1 to address to all be+s ?is "q3 ,:at is y\r exi/5ce wor?8 ,& if x is wor? no?+ :y are y !re8 ,by y\r guilt1 ,i obs]ve1 y soj\rn 9 ?is _w4 ,y w h to expiate x by dea?4 ,look h[ y\r e>? fades2 ! seas decrease & dry up1 ! m>9e-%ell on ! m\nta9 %[s y h[ mu* already !y h dri$ up2 fire de/roys y\r _w ev5 n[1 f9ally x w end 9 smoke & a%es4 ,b aga9 & aga9 su* a _w ( transitor9ess w ev] build itself up2 :o %all r$eem y f ! curse ( ,becom+8 ,n e k9d ( life may h be5 welcome to a man :o put su* que/ions1 ^: upw>d-so>+ ?9k+ cont9ually broke ! empiric ropes1 9 ord] to take at once to ! highe/1 sup]lun>y flight4 ,will+ly we believe tradition1 t he walk$ along 9 especially dignifi$ attire & %[$ a truly tragic hauteur 9 8 ge/ures & habits ( life4 ,he liv$ z he wrote2 he spoke z solemnly z he dress$ himself1 he rais$ 8 h& & plac$ 8 foot z if ?is exi/5ce 0 a trag$y1 & he _h be5 born 9 ord] to co-op]ate 9 t trag$y by play+ ! rle ( h]o4 ,9 all t he 0 ! great model ( ,emp$ocles4 ,8 fell[-citiz5s elect$ him ! lead] ( an emigrat+ colony--p]haps !y 7 pleas$ at be+ able to hon\r him & at ! same "t to get rid ( him4 ,8 ?\ght also emigrat$ & f\nd$ colonies2 9 ,ephesus & 9 ,elea !y c\ld n get rid ( him2 & if !y c\ld n resolve ^u /ay+ at ! spot :]e he /ood1 !y nev]!less knew t !y _h be5 l$ !re by him1 :5ce !y n[ prep>$ to proce$ )\t him4 ,?ales %[s ! ne$ ( simplify+ ! empire ( plurality1 & ( r$uc+ x to a m]e expansion or disguise ( ! "o s+le exi/+ quality1 wat]4 ,anaxim&] goes beyond him ) two /eps4 ,fir/ly he puts ! "q to himself3 ,h[1 if !re exi/s an et]nal ,unity at all1 is t ,plurality possible8 & he takes ! answ] out ( ! contradictory1 self-dev\r+ & d5y+ "* ( ?is ,plurality4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is ,plurality becomes a moral ph5om5on to him2 x is n ju/ifi$1 x expiates itself cont9ually ?r\gh de/ruction4 ,b !n ! que/ions occur to him3 ,yet :y has n ev]y?+ t has become p]i%$ long ago1 s9ce1 inde$1 q an et]nity ( "t has already gone by8 ,:5ce ! ceaseless curr5t ( ! ,riv] ( ,becom+8 ,he c save himself f ^! que/ions only by my/ic possibilities3 ! et]nal ,becom+ c h its orig9 only 9 ! et]nal ,be+1 ! conditions = t apo/asy f t et]nal ,be+ to a ,becom+ 9 inju/ice are ev] ! same1 ! con/ellation ( ?+s _c help itself be+ ?us fa%ion$1 t no end is to be se5 ( t /epp+ =? ( ! individual be+ out ( ! lap ( ! ,indef9ite4 ,at ?is ,anaxim&] /ay$2 t is1 he rema9$ )9 ! deep %ad[s :i* l gigantic spectres 7 ly+ on ! m\nta9 range ( su* a _w-p]ception4 ,! m "o want$ to approa* ! problem ( solv+ h[ out ( ! ,indef9ite ! ,def9ite1 out ( ! ,et]nal ! ,temporal1 out ( ! ,j ! ,unju/ c\ld by secession ev] orig9ate1 ! d>k] ! night became4---- #e ,t[>ds ! mid/ ( ?is my/ic night1 9 :i* ,anaxim&]'s problem ( ! ,becom+ 0 wrapp$ up1 ,h]aclitus ( ,ephesus approa*$ & illum9at$ x by a div9e fla% ( lightn+4 ,i contemplate ! ,becom+1 he exclaim$1--& nobody has s att5tively wat*$ ?is et]nal wave-surg+ & rhy?m ( ?+s4 ,& :at d ,i behold8 ,lawfulness1 infallible c]ta9ty1 ev] equal pa?s ( ,ju/ice1 condemn+ ,er9yes beh9d all transgressions ( ! laws1 ! :ole _w ! spectacle ( a gov]n+ ju/ice & ( demoniacally omnipres5t natural =ces subject to ju/ice's sway4 ,i d n behold ! puni%m5t ( t :i* has become1 b ! ju/ification ( ,becom+4 ,:5 has sacrilege1 :5 has apo/asy manife/$ itself 9 inviolable =ms1 9 laws e/eem$ sacr$8 ,:]e inju/ice sways1 !re is caprice1 disord]1 irregul>ity1 contradiction2 :]e h[ev] ,law & ,zeus' daught]1 ,dike1 rule alone1 z 9 ?is _w1 h[ c\ld ! sph]e ( guilt1 ( expiation1 ( judgm5t1 & z x 7 ! place ( execution ( all condemn$ ones be !re8 ,f ?is intuition ,h]aclitus took two coh]5t negations1 :i* are put into ! "r light only by a comp>ison ) ! propositions ( 8 pr$ecessor4 ,fir/ly1 he d5i$ ! duality ( two q div]se worlds1 into ! assumption ( :i* ,anaxim&] _h be5 pu%$2 he no long] di/+ui%$ a physical _w f a metaphysical1 a realm ( def9ite qualities f a realm ( indef9able indef9it5ess4 ,n[ aft] ?is fir/ /ep he c\ld nei!r be kept back any long] f a /ill great] audacity ( d5y+3 he d5i$ ,be+ altoge!r4 ,= ?is "o _w :i* 0 left to him1--%ield$ all r\nd by et]nal1 unwritt5 laws1 fl[+ up & d[n 9 ! braz5 beat ( rhy?m1--%[s n[h]e p]si/5ce1 inde/ructibility1 a bulw>k 9 ! /ream4 ,l\d] ?an ,anaxim&]1 ,h]aclitus exclaim$3 ,i see no?+ b ,becom+4 ,be n deceiv$6 ,x is ! fault ( y\r limit$ outlook & n ! fault ( ! ess5ce ( ?+s if y believe t y see firm l& any:]e 9 ! ocean ( ,becom+ & ,pass+4 ,y ne$ names = ?+s1 j z if !y _h a rigid p]man5ce1 b ! v riv] 9 :i* y ba! a second "t is no long] ! same "o :i* y ent]$ be=e4 ,h]aclitus has z 8 royal prop]ty ! highe/ p[] ( intuitive conception1 :]eas t[>ds ! o!r mode ( conception :i* is consummat$ by ideas & logical comb9ations1 t is t[>ds reason1 he %[s himself cool1 apa!tic1 ev5 ho/ile1 & he seems to d]ive a pleasure :5 he is able to contradict reason by means ( a tru? ga9$ intuitively1 & ?is he does 9 su* propositions z3 ,ev]y?+ has always its opposite )9 itself1 s fe>lessly t ,ari/otle be=e ! tribunal ( ,reason accuses him ( ! highe/ crime1 ( hav+ s9n$ aga9/ ! law ( opposition4 ,intuitive repres5tation h[ev] embraces two ?+s3 fir/ly1 ! pres5t1 motley1 *ang+ _w1 press+ on u 9 all exp]i5ces1 secondly1 ! conditions by means ( :i* alone any exp]i5ce ( ?is _w becomes possible3 "t & space4 ,= ^! are able to be intuitively appreh5d$1 purely 9 !mselves & indep5d5t ( any exp]i5ce2 i4e41 !y c be p]ceiv$1 al?\gh !y are )\t def9ite cont5ts4 ,if n[ ,h]aclitus consid]$ "t 9 ?is fa%ion1 dissociat$ f all exp]i5ces1 he _h 9 x ! mo/ in/ructive monogram ( all t :i* falls )9 ! realm ( intuitive conception4 ,j z he conceiv$ ( "t1 s also = in/ance did ,s*op5hau]1 :o repeat$ly says ( x3 t 9 x e in/ant exi/s only 9 s f> z x has annihilat$ ! prec$+ "o1 its fa!r1 9 ord] to be itself effac$ equally quickly2 t pa/ & future are z unreal z any dream2 t ! pres5t is only ! dim5sionless & un/able b\nd>y betwe5 ! two2 t h[ev]1 l "t1 s space1 & aga9 l ! latt]1 s also ev]y?+ t is simultane\sly 9 space & "t1 has only a relative exi/5ce1 only ?r\gh & = ! sake ( a some?+ else1 ( ! same k9d z itself1 i4e41 exi/+ only "u ! same limitations4 ,?is tru? is 9 ! highe/ degree self-evid5t1 accessible to ev]yone1 & j = t v reason1 ab/ractly & rationally1 x is only atta9$ ) great difficulty4 ,:oev] has ?is tru? be=e 8 eyes mu/ h[ev] also proce$ at once to ! next ,h]aclitean consequ5ce & say t ! :ole ess5ce ( actuality is 9 fact activity1 & t = actuality !re is no o!r k9d ( exi/5ce & reality1 z ,s*op5hau] has likewise exp\nd$ 7,! ,_w ,z ,w ,& ,idea1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,bk4 ,i1 sec4 #d73 ,only z active does x fill space & "t3 its action ^u ! imm$iate object det]m9es ! p]ception 9 :i* alone x exi/s3 ! effect ( ! action ( any mat]ial object ^u any o!r1 is kn[n only 9 s f> z ! latt] acts ^u ! imm$iate object 9 a diff]5t way f t 9 :i* x act$ be=e2 x consi/s 9 ?is alone4 ,cause & effect ?us con/itute ! :ole nature ( matt]2 its true be+ is its action4 ,! totality ( ev]y?+ mat]ial is !re=e v appropriately call$ 9 ,g]man ,wirkli*keit 7actuality7--a ^w :i* is f> m expressive ?an ,realitt 7reality74#b ,t ^u :i* actuality acts is always matt]2 actuality's :ole ',be+' & ess5ce !re=e consi/ only 9 ! ord]ly *ange1 :i* "o "p ( x causes 9 ano!r1 & is !re=e :olly relative1 accord+ to a relation :i* is valid only )9 ! b\nd>y ( actuality1 z 9 ! case ( "t & space4 ,! et]nal & exclusive ,becom+1 ! total in/ability ( all reality & actuality1 :i* cont9ually works & becomes & nev] is1 z ,h]aclitus tea*es--is an awful & appall+ conception1 & 9 its effects mo/ ne>ly relat$ to t s5sation1 by :i* dur+ an e>?quake "o loses confid5ce 9 ! firmly-gr\nd$ e>?4 ,x requir$ an a/oni%+ /r5g? to translate ?is effect into its opposite1 into ! sublime1 into happy a/oni%m5t4 ,h]aclitus accompli%$ ?is ?r\gh an obs]vation ( ! prop] c\rse ( all ,becom+ & ,pass+1 :i* he conceiv$ ( "u ! =m ( pol>ity1 z ! div]g5ce ( a =ce into two qualitatively diff]5t1 opposite actions1 /riv+ aft] reunion4 ,a quality is set cont9ually at v>iance ) itself & sep>ates itself into its opposites3 ^! opposites cont9ually /rive aga9 "o t[>ds ano!r4 ,! common p ( c\rse ?9k to recognise some?+ rigid1 complet$1 consi/5t2 b ! fact ( ! matt] is t at any in/ant1 bright & d>k1 s\r & sweet are side by side & atta*$ to "o ano!r l two wre/l]s ( :om sometimes ! "o succe$s1 sometimes ! o!r4 ,accord+ to ,h]aclitus honey is at ! same "t sweet & bitt]1 & ! _w itself an amphora ^: cont5ts con/antly ne$ /irr+ up4 ,out ( ! w> ( ! opposites all ,becom+ orig9ates2 ! def9ite & to u seem+ly p]si/5t qualities express only ! mom5t>y pr$om9ance ( ! "o fight]1 b ) t ! w> is n at an end2 ! wre/l+ cont9ues to all et]nity4 ,ev]y?+ happ5s accord+ to ?is /ruggle1 & ?is v /ruggle manife/s et]nal ju/ice4 ,x is a wond]ful conception1 drawn f ! pure/ s\rce ( ,hell5ism1 :i* consid]s ! /ruggle z ! cont9ual sway ( a homog5e\s1 sev]e ju/ice b\nd by et]nal laws4 ,only a ,greek 0 able to consid] ?is conception z ! fundam5t ( a ,cosmodicy2 x is ,hesiod's good ,eris transfigur$ into ! cosmic pr9ciple1 x is ! idea ( a conte/1 an idea held by individual ,greeks & by _! ,/ate1 & translat$ out ( ! gymnasia & pal/ra1 out ( ! arti/ic agoni/ics1 out ( ! /ruggle ( ! political p>ties & ( ! t[ns into ! mo/ g5]al pr9ciple1 s t ! ma*9]y ( ! univ]se is regulat$ by x4 ,j z e ,greek f\ght z ?\gh he alone 7 9 ! "r1 & z ?\gh an absolutely sure /&>d ( judicial op9ion c\ld at any in/ant decide :i!r victory is incl9+1 ?us ! qualities wre/le "o ) ano!r1 accord+ to inviolable laws & /&>ds :i* are inh]5t 9 ! /ruggle4 ,! ,?+s !mselves 9 ! p]man5cy ( :i* ! limit$ intellect ( man & animal believes1 d n exi/ at all2 !y are z ! fi]ce fla%+ & fi]y sp>kl+ ( drawn swords1 z ! />s ( ,victory ris+ ) a radiant respl5d5ce 9 ! battle ( ! opposite qualities4 ,t /ruggle :i* is peculi> to all ,becom+1 t et]nal int]*ange ( victory is aga9 describ$ by ,s*op5hau]3 7,! ,_w ,z ,w ,& ,idea1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,bk4 #b1 sec4 #bg7 ,! p]man5t matt] mu/ con/antly *ange its =m2 = "u ! guidance ( causality1 me*anical1 physical1 *emical1 & organic ph5om5a1 eag]ly /riv+ to appe>1 wre/ ! matt] f ea* o!r1 = ea* desires to reveal its own ,idea4 ,?is /rife may be foll[$ up ?r\gh ! :ole ( nature2 inde$ nature exi/s only ?r\gh x4 ,! foll[+ pages give ! mo/ notewor?y illu/rations ( ?is /ruggle1 only t ! prevail+ tone ( ?is description ev] rema9s o!r ?an t ( ,h]aclitus 9 s f> z to ,s*op5hau] ! /ruggle is a pro( ( ! ,w to ,life fall+ out ) itself2 x is to him a fea/+ on itself on ! "p ( ?is dismal1 dull impulse1 z a ph5om5on on ! :ole horrible & n at all mak+ = happ9ess4 ,! ar5a & ! object ( ?is /ruggle is ,matt]1--:i* "s natural =ces alt]nately endeav\r to dis9tegrate & build up aga9 at ! exp5se ( o!r natural =ces1--z also ,space & ,"t1 ! union ( :i* ?r\gh causality is ?is v matt]4 #b ,mira 9 quibusdam rebus v]borum proprietas e/1 et consuetudo s]monis antiqui qudam efficacissimis notis signat 7,s5eca1 ,epi/4 #ha74--,,tr4 #f ,:il/ ! imag9ation ( ,h]aclitus measur$ ! re/lessly mov+ univ]se1 ! actuality 7,wirkli*keit71 ) ! eye ( ! happy spectator1 :o sees innum]able pairs wre/l+ 9 joy\s combat entru/$ to ! sup]9t5d5ce ( sev]e umpires1 a /ill high] pres5tim5t seiz$ him1 he no long] c\ld contemplate ! wre/l+ pairs & ! umpires1 sep>at$ "o f ano!r2 ! v umpires seem$ to fight1 & ! fight]s seem$ to be _! own judges--yea1 s9ce at ! bottom he conceiv$ only ( ! "o ,ju/ice et]nally sway+1 he d>$ to exclaim3 ,! conte/ ( ,! ,_m is itself pure ju/ice4 ,& aft] all3 ,! ,"o is ,! ,_m4 ,= :at are all ^? qualities accord+ to _! nature8 ,are !y immortal gods8 ,are !y sep>ate be+s work+ = !mselves f ! beg9n+ & )\t end8 ,& if ! _w :i* we see kn[s only ,becom+ & ,pass+ b no ,p]man5ce1 %\ld p]haps ^? qualities con/itute a diff]5tly fa%ion$ metaphysical _w1 true1 n a _w ( unity z ,anaxim&] s\ght beh9d ! flutt]+ veil ( plurality1 b a _w ( et]nal & ess5tial pluralities8 ,is x possible t h[ev] viol5tly he _h d5i$ su* duality1 ,h]aclitus has aft] all by a r\nd-ab\t way accid5tally got into ! dual cosmic ord]1 an ord] ) an ,olympus ( num]\s immortal gods & demons1--viz41 _m realities1--& ) a human _w1 :i* sees only ! du/-cl\d ( ! ,olympic /ruggle & ! fla%+ ( div9e spe>s1--i4e41 only a ,becom+8 ,anaxim&] _h fl$ j f ^! def9ite qualities into ! lap ( ! metaphysical ,indef9ite2 because ! =m] became & pass$1 he _h d5i$ !m a true & ess5tial exi/5ce2 h[ev] %\ld x n seem n[ z if ! ,becom+ is only ! loom+-into-view ( a /ruggle ( et]nal qualities8 ,:5 we speak ( ! ,becom+1 %\ld n ! orig9al cause ( ?is be s\ght 9 ! peculi> feebl5ess ( human cognition--:]eas 9 ! nature ( ?+s !re is p]haps no ,becom+1 b only a co-exi/+ ( _m true increate inde/ructible realities8 ,^! are ,h]aclitean loop-holes & labyr9?s2 he exclaims once aga93 ,! ',"o' is ! ',_m'4 ,! _m p]ceptible qualities are nei!r et]nal entities1 nor phantasmata ( our s5ses 7,anaxagoras conceives !m lat] on z ! =m]1 ,p>m5ides z ! latt]71 !y are nei!r rigid1 sov]eign ,be+ nor fleet+ ,appe>ance hov]+ 9 human m9ds4 ,! ?ird possibility :i* alone 0 left to ,h]aclitus nobody w be able to div9e ) dialectic sagacity & z x 7 by calculation1 = :at he inv5t$ "h is a r>ity ev5 9 ! realm ( my/ic incr$ibilities & unexpect$ cosmic metaphors4--,! _w is ! ,game ( ,zeus1 or express$ m physically1 ! game ( fire ) itself1 ! ,"o is only 9 ?is s5se at ! same "t ! ,_m4-- ,9 ord] to elucidate 9 ! fir/ place ! introduction ( fire z a _w-%ap+ =ce1 ,i recall h[ ,anaxim&] _h fur!r develop$ ! !ory ( wat] z ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,plac+ confid5ce 9 ! ess5tial "p ( ,?ales' !ory1 & /r5g!n+ & add+ to ! latt]'s obs]vations1 ,anaxim&] h[ev] 0 n to be conv9c$ t be=e ! wat] &1 z x 71 aft] ! wat] !re 0 no fur!r /age ( quality3 no1 to him out ( ! ,w>m & ! ,cold ! ,moi/ seem$ to =m itself1 & ! ,w>m & ! ,cold !re=e 7 suppos$ to be ! prelim9>y /ages1 ! /ill m orig9al qualities4 ,) _! issu+ =? f ! primordial exi/5ce ( ! ,indef9ite1 ,becom+ beg9s4 ,h]aclitus :o z physici/ subord9at$ himself to ! importance ( ,anaxim&]1 expla9s to himself ?is ,anaxim&rian ,w>m z ! respiration1 ! w>m brea?1 ! dry vap\rs1 9 %ort z ! fi]y elem5t3 ab\t ?is fire he n[ enunciates ! same z ,?ales & ,anaxim&] _h enunciat$ ab\t ! wat]3 t 9 innum]able metamorphoses x 0 pass+ along ! pa? ( ,becom+1 especially 9 ! ?ree *ief aggregate /ages z some?+ ,w>m1 ,moi/1 & ,firm4 ,= wat] 9 desc5d+ is trans=m$ into e>?1 9 asc5d+ into fire3 or z ,h]aclitus appe>s to h express$ himself m exactly3 f ! sea asc5d only ! pure vap\rs :i* s]ve z food to ! div9e fire ( ! />s1 f ! e>? only ! d>k1 foggy ones1 f :i* ! ,moi/ d]ives its n\ri%m5t4 ,! pure vap\rs are ! transitional /age 9 ! pass+ ( sea into fire1 ! impure ! transitional /age 9 ! pass+ ( e>? into wat]4 ,?us ! two pa?s ( metamorphosis ( ! fire run cont9u\sly side by side1 upw>ds & d[nw>ds1 to & fro1 f fire to wat]1 f wat] to e>?1 f e>? back aga9 to wat]1 f wat] to fire4 ,:]eas ,h]aclitus is a foll[] ( ,anaxim&] 9 ! mo/ important ( ^! conceptions1 e4g41 t ! fire is kept up by ! evaporations1 or h]e91 t out ( ! wat] is dissolv$ p>tly e>?1 p>tly fire2 he is on ! o!r h& q indep5d5t & 9 opposition to ,anaxim&] 9 exclud+ ! ,cold f ! physical process1 :il/ ,anaxim&] _h put x side by side ) ! ,w>m z hav+ ! same rights1 s z to let ! ,moi/ orig9ate out ( bo?4 ,to d s1 0 ( c\rse a necessity to ,h]aclitus1 = if ev]y?+ is to be fire1 !n1 h[ev] _m possibilities ( its trans=mation might be assum$1 no?+ c exi/ t w\ld be ! absolute anti!sis to fire2 he has1 !re=e1 probably int]pret$ only z a degree ( ! ,w>m t :i* is call$ ! ,cold1 & he c\ld ju/ify ?is int]pretation )\t difficulty4 ,mu* m important ?an ?is deviation f ! doctr9e ( ,anaxim&] is a fur!r agreem5t2 he1 l ! latt]1 believes 9 an end ( ! _w p]iodically repeat+ itself & 9 an ev]-r5ew$ em]g+ ( ano!r _w out ( ! all-de/roy+ _w-fire4 ,! p]iod dur+ :i* ! _w ha/5s t[>ds t _w-fire & ! dissolution into pure fire is *>act]is$ by him mo/ /rik+ly z a dem& & a ne$2 ! /ate ( be+ completely swall[$ up by ! fire z satiety2 & n[ to u rema9s ! "q z to h[ he und]/ood & nam$ ! newly awak5+ impulse = _w-creation1 ! p\r+-out-(-itself into ! =ms ( plurality4 ,! ,greek prov]b seems to come to our assi/ance ) ! ?\ght t satiety gives bir? to crime 7! ,hybris7 & "o may inde$ ask oneself = a m9ute :e!r p]haps ,h]aclitus has d]iv$ t return to plurality out ( ! ,hybris4 ,let u j take ?is ?\ght s]i\sly3 9 its light ! face ( ,h]aclitus *anges be=e our eyes1 ! pr\d gleam ( 8 eyes dies out1 a wr9kl$ expression ( pa9ful resignation1 ( impot5ce becomes di/9ct1 x seems t we "k :y lat] antiquity call$ him ! weep+ philosoph]4 ,is n ! :ole _w-process n[ an act ( puni%m5t ( ! ,hybris8 ,! plurality ! result ( a crime8 ,! trans=mation ( ! pure into ! impure1 ! consequ5ce ( inju/ice8 ,is n ! guilt n[ %ift$ into ! ess5ce ( ! ?+s & inde$1 ! _w ( ,becom+ & ( individuals accord+ly exon]at$ f guilt2 yet at ! same "t are !y n condemn$ = ev] & ev] to be> ! consequ5ces ( guilt8 #g ,t dang]\s ^w1 ,hybris1 is inde$ ! t\*/one = e ,h]aclitean2 "h he may %[ :e!r he has und]/ood or mi/ak5 8 ma/]4 ,is !re 9 ?is _w3 ,guilt1 inju/ice1 contradiction1 suff]+8 ,yes1 exclaims ,h]aclitus1 b only = ! limit$ human be+1 :o sees div]g5tly & n conv]g5tly1 n = ! contuitive god2 to him ev]y?+ oppos+ conv]ges into "o h>mony1 invisible x is true to ! common human eye1 yet compreh5sible to him :o l ,h]aclitus resembles ! contemplative god4 ,be=e 8 fi]y eye no drop ( inju/ice is left 9 ! _w p\r$ out ar\nd him1 & ev5 t c>d9al ob/acle--h[ pure fire c take up its qu>t]s 9 =ms s impure--he ma/]s by means ( a sublime simile4 ,a ,becom+ & ,pass+1 a build+ & de/roy+1 )\t any moral bias1 9 p]petual innoc5ce is 9 ?is _w only ! play ( ! arti/ & ( ! *ild4 ,& simil>ly1 j z ! *ild & ! arti/ play1 ! et]nally liv+ fire plays1 builds up & de/roys1 9 innoc5ce--& ?is game ! on plays ) himself4 ,trans=m+ himself into wat] & e>?1 l a *ild he piles heaps ( s& by ! sea1 piles up & demoli%es2 f "t to "t he recomm5ces ! game4 ,a mom5t ( satiety1 !n aga9 desire seizes him1 z desire compels ! arti/ to create4 ,n wantonness1 b ! ev] newly awak5+ impulse to play1 calls into life o!r worlds4 ,! *ild ?r[s away 8 toys2 b soon he />ts aga9 9 an innoc5t frame ( m9d4 ,z soon h[ev] z ! *ild builds he connects1 jo9s & =ms lawfully & accord+ to an innate s5se ( ord]4 ,?us only is ! _w contemplat$ by ! /hetic man1 :o has le>n$ f ! arti/ & ! g5esis ( ! latt]'s "w1 h[ ! /ruggle ( plurality c yet be> )9 itself law & ju/ice1 h[ ! arti/ /&s contemplative above1 & work+ )9 ! "w ( art1 h[ necessity & play1 antagonism & h>mony mu/ pair !mselves = ! procreation ( ! "w ( art4 ,:o n[ w /ill dem& f su* a philosophy a sy/em ( ,e?ics ) ! necess>y imp]atives--,?\ ,%alt1--or ev5 reproa* ,h]aclitus ) su* a defici5cy4 ,man d[n to 8 la/ fibre is ,necessity & absolutely unfree --if by fre$om "o und]/&s ! fooli% claim to be able to *ange at w "o's ess5tia l a g>m5t1 a claim1 :i* up to ! pres5t e s]i\s philosophy has reject$ ) due scorn4 ,t s few human be+s live ) consci\sness 9 ! ,logos & 9 accordance ) ! all-ov]look+ arti/'s eye orig9ates f _! s\ls be+ wet & f ! fact t m5's eyes & e>s1 _! intellect 9 g5]al is a bad witness :5 moi/ ooze fills _! s\ls4 ,:y t is s1 is n que/ion$ any m ?an :y fire becomes wat] & e>?4 ,h]aclitus is n compell$ to prove 7z ,leibnitz 07 t ?is _w 0 ev5 ! be/ ( all2 x 0 suffici5t = him t ! _w is ! beautiful1 innoc5t play ( ! on4 ,man on ! :ole is to him ev5 an irrational be+1 ) :i* ! fact t 9 all 8 ess5ce ! law ( all-rul+ reason is fulfill$ does lot cla%4 ,he does n occupy a specially fav\r$ position 9 nature1 ^: highe/ ph5om5on is n simple-m9d$ man1 b fire1 = in/ance1 z />s4 ,9 s f> z man has ?r\gh necessity receiv$ a %>e ( fire1 he is a little m rational2 z f> z he consi/s ( e>? & wat] x /&s badly ) 8 reason4 ,he is n compell$ to take cognisance ( ! ,logos simply because he is a human be+4 ,:y is !re wat]1 :y e>?8 ,?is to ,h]aclitus is a mu* m s]i\s problem ?an to ask1 :y m5 are s /upid & bad4 ,9 ! highe/ & ! mo/ p]v]t$ m5 ! same inh]5t lawfulness & ju/ice manife/ !mselves4 ,if h[ev] "o w\ld ask ,h]aclitus ! "q ,:y is fire n always fire1 :y is x n[ wat]1 n[ e>?8 !n he w\ld only j answ]3 ,x is a game1 don't take x too pa!tically & /ill less1 morally4 ,h]aclitus describes only ! exi/+ _w & has ! same contemplative pleasure 9 x :i* ! arti/ exp]i5ces :5 look+ at 8 gr[+ "w4 ,only ^? :o h cause to be discont5t$ ) 8 natural hi/ory ( man f9d him gloomy1 melan*oly1 te>ful1 sombre1 atrabil>i\s1 pessimi/ic & altoge!r hateful4 ,he h[ev] w\ld take ^! discont5t$ p1 toge!r ) _! antipa?ies & sympa?ies1 _! hatr$ und _! love1 z negligible & p]haps answ] !m ) "s su* comm5t z3 ,dogs b>k at any?+ !y d n "k1 or1 ,to ! ass *aff is pref]able to gold4 ,) su* discont5t$ p]sons also orig9ate ! num]\s compla9ts z to ! obscurity ( ! ,h]aclitean /yle2 probably no man has ev] writt5 cle>] & m illum9at+ly2 ( c\rse1 v abruptly1 & !re=e naturally obscure to ! rac+ read]s4 ,b :y a philosoph] %\ld int5tionally write obscurely--a ?+ habitually said ab\t ,h]aclitus--is absolutely inexplicable2 unless he has "s cause to hide 8 ?\ghts or is suffici5tly a rogue to conceal 8 ?\ghtlessness und]nea? words4 ,"o is1 z ,s*op5hau] says1 inde$ compell$ by lucid expression to prev5t misund]/&+s ev5 9 affairs ( practical e-day life1 h[ !n %\ld "o be all[$ to express oneself indi/9ctly1 inde$ puzzl+ly 9 ! mo/ difficult1 mo/ ab/ruse1 sc>cely atta9able object ( ?9k+1 ! tasks ( philosophy8 ,) respect to brevity h[ev] ,jean ,paul gives a good precept3 ,on ! :ole x is "r t ev]y?+ great--( deep mean+ to a r>e m9d--%\ld be utt]$ ) brevity & 7!re=e7 obscurely s t ! paltry m9d w\ld r proclaim x to be nons5se ?an translate x into ! realm ( 8 empty-head$ness4 ,= common m9ds h an ugly ability to p]ceive 9 ! deepe/ & ri*e/ say+ no?+ b _! own e-day op9ion4 ,moreov] & 9 spite ( x ,h]aclitus has n escap$ ! paltry m9ds2 already ! ,/oics h re-exp\nd$ him into ! %all[ & dragg$ d[n 8 /hetic fundam5tal-p]ception z to ! play ( ! _w to ! mis]able level ( ! common reg>d = ! practical ends ( ! _w & m explicitly = ! advantages ( man1 s t out ( 8 ,physics has aris5 9 ^? heads a crude optimism1 ) ! cont9ual invitation to ,dick1 ,tom1 & ,h>ry1 ,plaudite amici6 #h ,h]aclitus 0 pr\d2 & if x comes to pride ) a philosoph] !n x is a great pride4 ,8 "w nev] ref]s him to a public1 ! applause ( ! masses & ! hail+ *orus ( contempor>ies4 ,to w&] lonely along 8 pa? belongs to ! nature ( ! philosoph]4 ,8 tal5ts are ! mo/ r>e1 9 a c]ta9 s5se ! mo/ unnatural & at ! same "t exclusive & ho/ile ev5 t[>d k9dr$ tal5ts4 ,! wall ( 8 self-suffici5cy mu/ be ( diamond1 if x is n to be demoli%$ & brok51 = ev]y?+ is 9 motion aga9/ him4 ,8 j\rney to immortality is m cumb]some & imp$$ ?an any o!r & yet nobody c believe m firmly ?an ! philosoph] t he w atta9 ! goal by t j\rney--because he does n "k :]e he is to /& if n on ! widely spread w+s ( all "t2 = ! disreg>d ( ev]y?+ pres5t & mom5t>y lies 9 ! ess5ce ( ! great philosophic nature4 ,he has tru?2 ! :eel ( "t may roll :i!r x pleases1 nev] c x escape f tru?4 ,x is important to he> t su* m5 h liv$4 ,nev] = example w\ld "o be able to imag9e ! pride ( ,h]aclitus z an idle possibility4 ,9 itself e endeav\r aft] k seems by its nature to be et]nally unsatisfi$ & unsatisfactory4 ,!re=e nobody unless in/ruct$ by hi/ory w l to believe 9 su* a royal self-e/eem & conviction ( be+ ! only woo] ( tru?4 ,su* m5 live 9 _! own sol>-sy/em--"o has to look = !m !re4 ,a ,py?agoras1 an ,emp$ocles treat$ !mselves too ) a sup]-human e/eem1 yea1 ) almo/ religi\s awe2 b ! tie ( sympa?y unit$ ) ! great conviction ( ! metempsy*osis & ! unity ( ev]y?+ liv+1 l$ !m back to o!r m51 = _! welf>e & salvation4 ,( t feel+ ( solitude1 h[ev]1 :i* p]meat$ ! ,ephesian recluse ( ! ,artemis ,temple1 "o c only div9e some?+1 :5 gr[+ b5umb$ 9 ! wilde/ m\nta9 des]t4 ,no p>am\nt feel+ ( compassionate agitation1 no desire to help1 heal & save emanates f him4 ,he is a /> )\t an atmosph]e4 ,8 eye1 direct$ blaz+ly inw>ds1 looks outw>d1 = appe>ance's sake only1 ext9ct & icy4 ,all ar\nd him1 imm$iately ^u ! citadel ( 8 pride beat ! waves ( folly & p]v]sity3 ) loa?+ he turns away f !m4 ,b m5 ) a feel+ he>t w\ld also %un su* a ,gorgon mon/] z ca/ out ( brass2 )9 an out-(-!-way sanctu>y1 among ! /atues ( gods1 by ! side ( cold compos$ly-sublime ar*itecture su* a be+ may appe> m compreh5sible4 ,z man among m5 ,h]aclitus 0 incr$ible2 & ?\gh he 0 se5 pay+ att5tion to ! play ( noisy *ildr51 ev5 !n he 0 reflect+ ^u :at nev] man ?\ght ( on su* an occasion3 ! play ( ! great _w-*ild1 ,zeus4 ,he _h no ne$ ( m51 n ev5 = 8 disc]nm5ts4 ,he 0 n int]e/$ 9 all t :i* "o might p]haps asc]ta9 f !m1 & 9 :at ! o!r sages be=e him _h be5 endeav\r+ to asc]ta94 ,he spoke ) disda9 ( su* que/ion+1 collect+1 9 %ort hi/oric m54 ,i s\ght & inve/igat$ myself1 he said1 ) a ^w by :i* "o designates ! inve/igation ( an oracle2 z if he & no "o else 7 ! true fulfill] & a*iev] ( ! ,delphic precept3 ,"k ?yself4 ,:at he le>n$ f ?is oracle1 he deem$ immortal wisdom1 & et]nally wor?y ( explanation1 ( unlimit$ effect ev5 9 ! di/ance1 aft] ! model ( ! prophetic spee*es ( ! ,sibyl4 ,x is suffici5t = ! late/ mank9d3 let ! latt] h t exp\nd$ to h]1 z oracul> say+s1 :i* he l ! ,delphic god nei!r enunciates nor conceals4 ,al?\gh x is proclaim$ by him1 )\t smiles1 f9]y & ! sc5t ( o9tm5ts1 b r z ) foam+ m\?1 x mu/ =ce its way ?r\gh ! mill5niums ( ! future4 ,= ! _w ne$s tru? et]nally1 !re=e %e ne$s also ,h]aclitus et]nally2 al?\gh he has no ne$ ( h]4 ,:at does 8 fame matt] to him8--fame ) mortals ev] fl[+ on6 z he exclaims scornfully4 ,8 fame is ( conc]n to man1 n to himself2 ! immortality ( mank9d ne$s him1 n he ! immortality ( ! man ,h]aclitus4 ,t :i* he beheld1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,law 9 ! ,becom+1 & ( ! ,play 9 ! ,necessity1 mu/ h5ce=? be beheld et]nally2 he has rais$ ! curta9 ( ?is greate/ /age-play4 #i ,:]eas 9 e ^w ( ,h]aclitus are express$ ! pride & ! maje/y ( tru?1 b ( tru? caught by intuitions1 n scal$ by ! rope-ladd] ( ,logic1 :]eas 9 sublime ec/asy he beholds b does n espy1 disc]ns b does n reckon1 he is contra/$ ) 8 contempor>y ,p>m5ides1 a man likewise ) ! type ( a prophet ( tru?1 b =m$ z x 7 out ( ice & n out ( fire1 & %$d+ ar\nd himself cold1 pi]c+ light4 ,p>m5ides once _h1 probably 9 8 lat] ye>s1 a mom5t ( ! v pure/ ab/raction1 undimm$ by any reality1 p]fectly lifeless2 ?is mom5t--un-,greek1 l no o!r 9 ! two c5turies ( ! ,tragic ,age--! product ( :i* is ! doctr9e ( ,be+1 became a b\nd>y-/one = 8 own life1 :i* divid$ x into two p]iods2 at ! same "t h[ev] ! same mom5t divides ! pre-,socratic ?9k+ into two halves1 ( :i* ! fir/ might be call$ ! ,anaxim&rian1 ! second ! ,p>m5idean4 ,! fir/ p]iod 9 ,p>m5ides' own philosophis+ be>s /ill ! signature ( ,anaxim&]2 ?is p]iod produc$ a detail$ philosophic-physical sy/em z answ] to ,anaxim&]'s que/ions4 ,:5 lat] t icy ab/raction-horror caught him1 & ! simple/ proposition treat+ ( ,be+ & ,n-,be+ 0 advanc$ by him1 !n among ! _m old] doctr9es ?r[n by him ^u ! scrap heap 0 also 8 own sy/em4 ,h[ev] he does n appe> to h lo/ all pat]nal piety t[>ds ! /rong & well-%ap5 *ild ( 8 y\?1 & he sav$ himself !re=e by say+3 ,x is true !re is only "o "r way2 if "o h[ev] wants at any "t to betake oneself to ano!r1 !n my e>li] op9ion accord+ to its purity & consequ5ce alone is "r4 ,%elt]+ himself ) ?is phrase he has all[$ 8 =m] physical sy/em a wor?y & ext5sive space 9 8 great poem on ,nature1 :i* really 0 to proclaim ! new disc]nm5t z ! only signpo/ to tru?4 ,?is fa!rly reg>d1 ev5 ?\gh an error %\ld h crept 9 ?r\gh x1 is a rema9d] ( human feel+1 9 a nature q petrifi$ by logical rigidity & almo/ *ang$ into a ?9k+-ma*9e4 ,p>m5ides1 ^: p]sonal int]c\rse ) ,anaxim&] does n seem incr$ible to me1 & ^: />t+ f ,anaxim&]'s doctr9e is n only cr$ible b evid5t1 _h ! same di/ru/ = ! complete sep>ation ( a _w :i* only is1 & a _w :i* only becomes1 z _h also caught ,h]aclitus & l$ to a d5y+ ( ,be+ altoge!r4 ,bo? s\ght a way out f t contra/ & div]g5ce ( a dual ord] ( ! _w4 ,t leap into ! ,indef9ite1 ,indef9able1 by :i* once = all ,anaxim&] _h escap$ f ! realm ( ,becom+ & f ! empirically giv5 qualities ( su* realm1 t leap did n become an easy matt] to m9ds s indep5d5tly fa%ion$ z ^? ( ,h]aclitus & ,p>m5ides2 fir/ !y endeav\r$ to walk z f> z !y c\ld & res]v$ to !mselves ! leap = t place1 :]e ! foot f9ds no m hold & "o has to leap1 9 ord] n to fall4 ,bo? look$ repeat$ly at t v _w1 :i* ,anaxim&] _h condemn$ 9 s melan*oly a way & decl>$ to be ! place ( wanton crime & at ! same "t ! p5it5ti>y cell = ! inju/ice ( ,becom+4 ,contemplat+ ?is _w ,h]aclitus1 z we "k already1 _h discov]$ :at a wond]ful ord]1 regul>ity & security manife/ !mselves 9 e ,becom+2 f t he conclud$ t ! ,becom+ c\ld n be any?+ evil & unju/4 ,q a diff]5t outlook _h ,p>m5ides2 he comp>$ ! qualities "o ) ano!r1 & believ$ t !y 7 n all ( ! same k9d1 b ought to be classifi$ "u two head+s4 ,if = example he comp>$ bright & d>k1 !n ! second quality 0 obvi\sly only ! negation ( ! fir/2 & ?us he di/+ui%$ positive & negative qualities1 s]i\sly endeav\r+ to r$iscov] & regi/] t fundam5tal anti!sis 9 ! :ole realm ( ,nature4 ,8 me?od 0 ! foll[+3 ,he took a few anti!ses1 e4g41 light & heavy1 r>e & d5se1 active & passive1 & comp>$ !m ) t typical anti!sis ( bright & d>k3 t :i* correspond$ ) ! bright 0 ! positive1 t :i* correspond$ ) ! d>k ! negative quality4 ,if he took p]haps ! heavy & light1 ! light fell to ! side ( ! bright1 ! heavy to ! side ( ! d>k2 & ?us heavy 0 to him only ! negation ( light1 b ! light a positive quality4 ,?is me?od alone %[s t he _h a defiant aptitude = ab/ract logical proc$ure1 clos$ aga9/ ! sugge/ions ( ! s5ses4 ,! heavy seems inde$ to (f] itself v =cibly to ! s5ses z a positive quality2 t did n keep ,p>m5ides f /amp+ x z a negation4 ,simil>ly he plac$ ! e>? 9 opposition to ! fire1 ! cold 9 opposition to ! w>m1 ! d5se 9 opposition to ! r>e1 ! female 9 opposition to ! male1 ! passive 9 opposition to ! active1 m]ely z negations3 s t be=e 8 gaze our empiric _w divid$ itself into two sep>ate sph]es1 into t ( ! positive qualities--) a bright1 fi]y1 w>m1 light1 r>e1 active-mascul9e "*--& into t ( ! negative qualities4 ,! latt] express really only ! lack1 ! abs5ce ( ! o!rs1 ! positive ones4 ,he !re=e describ$ ! sph]e 9 :i* ! positive qualities are abs5t z d>k1 e>?y1 cold1 heavy1 d5se & altoge!r z ( fem99e-passive "*4 ,in/ead ( ! expressions positive & negative he us$ ! /&+ t]m exi/5t & non-exi/5t & _h arriv$ ) ?is at ! proposition1 t1 9 contradiction to ,anaxim&]1 ?is our _w itself conta9s some?+ exi/5t1 & ( c\rse some?+ non-exi/5t4 ,"o is n to seek t exi/5t outside ! _w & z x 7 above our horizon2 b be=e u1 & ev]y:]e 9 e ,becom+1 some?+ exi/5t & active is conta9$4 ,) t h[ev] /ill rema9$ to him ! task ( giv+ ! m exact answ] to ! "q3 ,:at is ! ,becom+8 & "h 0 ! mom5t :]e he _h to leap1 9 ord] n to fall1 al?\gh p]haps to su* natures z t ( ,p>m5ides1 ev5 any leap+ means a fall+4 ,en\gh6 we get into fog1 into ! my/icism ( qualitates occult1 & ev5 a little into my?ology4 ,p>m5ides1 l ,h]aclitus1 looks at ! g5]al ,becom+ & ,n-rema9+ & expla9s to himself a ,pass+ only ?us1 t ! ,non-,exi/5t bore ! guilt4 ,= h[ %\ld ! ,exi/5t be> ! guilt ( ,pass+8 ,likewise1 h[ev]1 ! ,orig9at+1 i4e41 ! ,becom+1 mu/ come ab\t ?r\gh ! assi/ance ( ! ,non-,exi/5t2 = ! ,exi/5t is always !re & c\ld n ( itself fir/ orig9ate & x c\ld n expla9 any ,orig9at+1 any ,becom+4 ,!re=e ! ,orig9at+1 ! ,becom+ z well z ! ,pass+ & ,p]i%+ h be5 br\ght ab\t by ! negative qualities4 ,b t ! orig9at+ ?+ has a cont5t1 & ! pass+ ?+ loses a cont5t1 presupposes t ! positive qualities--& t j means t v cont5t--p>ticipate likewise 9 bo? processes4 ,9 %ort ! proposition results3 ,= ! ,becom+ ! ',exi/5t' z well z ! ',non-,exi/5t' is necess>y2 :5 !y co-op]ate !n a ,becom+ results4 ,b h[ come ! positive & ! negative to "o ano!r8 ,%\ld !y n on ! contr>y et]nally flee "o ano!r z anti!ses & !reby make e ,becom+ impossible8 ,"h ,p>m5ides appeals to a qualitas occulta1 to a my/ic t5d5cy ( ! anti!tical pairs to approa* & attract "o ano!r1 & he allegorises t peculi> contr>iety by ! "n ( ,aphrodite1 & by ! empirically kn[n relation ( ! male & female pr9ciple4 ,x is ! p[] ( ,aphrodite :i* plays ! mat*mak] betwe5 ! anti!tical pair1 ! ,exi/5t & ! ,non-,exi/5t4 ,passion br+s toge!r ! antagoni/ic & antipa!tic elem5ts3 ! result is a ,becom+4 ,:5 ,desire has become satiat$1 ,hatr$ & ! innate antagonism aga9 drive asund] ! ,exi/5t & ! ,non-,exi/5t--!n man says3 ! ?+ p]i%es1 passes4 #aj ,b no "o ) impunity lays 8 pr(ane h&s on su* awful ab/ractions z ! ,exi/5t & ! ,non-,exi/5t2 ! blood freezes sl[ly z "o t\*es !m4 ,!re 0 a day ^u :i* an odd idea sudd5ly occurr$ to ,p>m5ides1 an idea :i* seem$ to take all value away f 8 =m] comb9ations1 s t he felt incl9$ to ?r[ !m aside1 l a money bag ) old worn-out co9s4 ,x is commonly believ$ t an ext]nal impression1 9 addition to ! c5trifugal consequ5ce ( su* ideas z exi/5t & non-exi/5t1 has also be5 co-active 9 ! inv5tion ( t day2 ?is impression 0 an acqua9tance ) ! !ology ( ! old roam] & rhapsodi/1 ! s+] ( a my/ic deification ( ,nature1 ! ,kolophonian ,x5ophanes4 ,?r\gh\t an extraord9>y life ,x5ophanes liv$ z a w&]+ poet & became ?r\gh 8 travels a well-in=m$ & mo/ in/ructive man :o knew h[ to "q & h[ to n>rate1 = :i* reason ,h]aclitus reckon$ him among/ ! polyhi/orians & above all among/ ! hi/oric natures1 9 ! s5se m5tion$4 ,:5ce & :5 came to him ! my/ic b5t into ! ,"o & ! et]nally ,re/+1 nobody w be able to compute2 p]haps x is only ! conception ( ! f9ally settl$ old man1 to :om1 aft] ! agitation ( 8 erratic w&]+s1 & aft] ! re/less le>n+ & se>*+ = tru?1 ! vision ( a div9e re/1 ! p]man5ce ( all ?+s )9 a pan!i/ic primal peace appe>s z ! highe/ & greate/ ideal4 ,aft] all x seems to me q accid5tal t 9 ! same place 9 ,elea two m5 liv$ toge!r = a "t1 ea* ( :om c>ri$ 9 8 head a conception ( unity2 !y =m$ no s*ool & _h no?+ 9 common :i* p]haps ! "o might h le>n$ f ! o!r & !n might h h&$ on4 ,=1 9 ! case ( ^! two m51 ! orig9 ( t conception ( unity is q diff]5t1 yea opposite2 & if ei!r ( !m has become at all acqua9t$ ) ! doctr9e ( ! o!r !n1 9 ord] to und]/& x at all1 he _h to translate x fir/ into 8 own language4 ,) ?is translation h[ev] ! v specific elem5t ( ! o!r doctr9e 0 lo/4 ,:]eas ,p>m5ides arriv$ at ! unity ( ! ,exi/5t purely ?r\gh an alleg$ logical consequ5ce & :]eas he span t unity out ( ! ideas ,be+ & ,n-,be+1 ,x5ophanes 0 a religi\s my/ic & belong$1 ) t my/ic unity1 v prop]ly to ! ,six? ,c5tury4 ,al?\gh he 0 no su* revolutionis+ p]sonality z ,py?agoras he _h nev]!less 9 8 w&]+s ! same b5t & impulse to improve1 purify1 & cure m54 ,he 0 ! e?ical tea*]1 b /ill 9 ! /age ( ! rhapsodi/2 9 a lat] "t he w\ld h be5 a sophi/4 ,9 ! d>+ disapproval ( ! exi/+ cu/oms & valuations he _h n 8 equal 9 ,greece2 moreov] he did n1 l ,h]aclitus & ,plato1 retire into solitude b plac$ himself be=e ! v public1 ^: exult+ admiration ( ,hom]1 ^: passionate prop5sity = ! hon\rs ( ! gymna/ic fe/ivals1 ^: adoration ( /ones 9 human %ape1 he criticis$ sev]ely ) wra? & scorn1 yet n z a brawl+ ,!rsites4 ,! fre$om ( ! individual 0 ) him on its z5i?2 & by ?is almo/ limitless /epp+ free f all conv5tions he 0 m closely relat$ to ,p>m5ides ?an by t la/ div9e unity1 :i* once he _h beheld1 9 a vision>y /ate wor?y ( t c5tury4 ,8 unity sc>cely _h expression & ^w 9 common ) ! "o ,be+ ( ,p>m5ides1 & c]ta9ly _h n ! same orig94 ,x 0 r an opposite /ate ( m9d 9 :i* ,p>m5ides f\nd 8 doctr9e ( ,be+1 ,on t day & 9 t /ate he exam9$ 8 two co-op]at+ anti!ses1 ! ,exi/5t & ! ,non-,exi/5t1 ! positive & ! negative qualities1 ( :i* ,desire & ,hatr$ con/itute ! _w & ! ,becom+4 ,he 0 sudd5ly caught up1 mi/ru/+1 by ! idea ( negative quality1 ( ! ,non-,exi/5t4 ,= c some?+ :i* does n exi/ be a quality8 or to put ! "q 9 a broad] s5se3 c any?+ inde$ :i* does n exi/1 exi/8 ,! only =m ( k 9 :i* we at once put unconditional tru/ & ! disapproval ( :i* am\nts to madness1 is ! tautology ,a ,a4 ,b ?is v tautological k call$ inexorably to him3 :at does n exi/1 exi/s n6 ,:at is1 is6 ,sudd5ly he feels ^u 8 life ! load ( an enorm\s logical s92 = _h he n always )\t hesitation assum$ t !re 7 exi/+ negative qualities1 9 %ort a ,non-,exi/5t1 t !re=e1 to express x by a =mula1 ,a ,n-,a1 :i* inde$ c\ld only be advanc$ by ! mo/ out & out p]v]sity ( ?9k+4 ,x is true1 z he recollect$1 ! :ole great mass ( m5 judge ) ! same p]v]sity2 he himself has only p>ticipat$ 9 ! g5]al crime aga9/ logic4 ,b ! same mom5t :i* *>ges him ) ?is crime surr\nds him ) ! light ( ! glory ( an inv5tion1 he has f\nd1 ap>t f all human illusion1 a pr9ciple1 ! key to ! _w-secret1 he n[ desc5ds into ! abyss ( ?+s1 guid$ by ! firm & fe>ful h& ( ! tautological tru? z to ,be+4 ,on ! way ?i!r he meets ,h]aclitus--an un=tunate enc\nt]6 ,j n[ ,h]aclitus' play ) ant9omies 0 b\nd to be v hateful to him1 :o plac$ ! utmo/ importance ^u ! sev]e/ sep>ation ( ,be+ & ,n-,be+2 propositions l ?is3 ,we are & at ! same "t we are n --',be+' & ',n-,be+' is at ! same "t ! same ?+ & aga9 n ! same ?+1 propositions ?r\gh :i* all t he _h j elucidat$ & dis5tangl$ became aga9 dim & inextricable1 incit$ him to wra?4 ,away ) ! m51 he exclaim$1 :o seem to h two heads & yet "k no?+6 ,) !m truly ev]y?+ is 9 flux1 ev5 _! ?9k+6 ,!y />e at ?+s /upidly1 b !y mu/ be deaf z well z bl9d s to mix up ! opposites6 ,! want ( judgm5t on ! "p ( ! masses1 glorifi$ by playful ant9omies & prais$ z ! acme ( all k 0 to him a pa9ful & incompreh5sible exp]i5ce4 ,n[ he div$ into ! cold ba? ( 8 awful ab/ractions4 ,t :i* is true mu/ exi/ 9 et]nal pres5ce1 ab\t x _c be said x 01 x w be4 ,! ,exi/5t _c h become2 = out ( :at %\ld x h become8 ,out ( ! ,non-,exi/5t8 ,b t does n exi/ & c produce no?+4 ,out ( ! ,exi/5t8 ,?is w\ld n produce any?+ b itself4 ,! same applies to ! ,pass+1 x is j z impossible z ! ,becom+1 z any *ange1 any increase1 any decrease4 ,on ! :ole ! proposition is valid3 ,ev]y?+ ab\t :i* x c be said3 x has be5 or x w be does n exi/2 ab\t ! ,exi/5t h[ev] x c nev] be said x does n exi/4 ,! ,exi/5t is indivisible1 = :]e is ! second p[]1 :i* %\ld divide x8 ,x is immovable1 = :i!r %\ld x move itself8 ,x _c be inf9itely great nor inf9itely small1 = x is p]fect & a p]fectly giv5 inf9itude is a contradiction4 ,?us ! ,exi/5t is susp5d$1 delimit$1 p]fect1 immovable1 ev]y:]e equally balanc$ & su* equilibrium equally p]fect at any po9t1 l a globe1 b n 9 a space1 = o!rwise ?is space w\ld be a second ,exi/5t4 ,b !re _c exi/ sev]al ,exi/5ts1 = 9 ord] to sep>ate !m1 some?+ w\ld h to exi/ :i* 0 n exi/+1 an assumption :i* neutralises itself4 ,?us !re exi/s only ! et]nal ,unity4 ,if n[1 h[ev]1 ,p>m5ides turn$ back 8 gaze to ! _w ( ,becom+1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* he _h =m]ly tri$ to und]/& by su* +5i\s conjectures1 he 0 wro? at 8 eye see+ ! ,becom+ at all1 8 e> he>+ x4 ,d n foll[ ! dim-sight$ eyes1 n[ 8 comm& runs1 n ! res\nd+ e> nor ! tongue1 b exam9e only by ! p[] ( ! ?\ght4 ,!re) he accompli%$ ! extremely important fir/ critique ( ! app>atus ( k1 al?\gh ?is critique 0 /ill inadequate & prov$ disa/r\s 9 its consequ5ces4 ,by te>+ entirely asund] ! s5ses & ! ability to ?9k 9 ab/ractions1 i4e4 reason1 j z if !y 7 two ?or\ghly sep>ate capacities1 he demoli%$ ! intellect itself1 & incit$ p to t :olly errone\s sep>ation ( m9d & body :i*1 especially s9ce ,plato1 lies l a curse on philosophy4 ,all s5se p]ceptions1 ,p>m5ides judges1 cause only illusions & _! *ief illusion is _! delud+ u to believe t ev5 ! ,non-,exi/5t exi/s1 t ev5 ! ,becom+ has a ,be+4 ,all t plurality1 div]sity & v>iety ( ! empirically kn[n _w1 ! *ange ( its qualities1 ! ord] 9 its ups & d[ns1 is ?r[n aside m]cilessly z m]e appe>ance & delusion2 f !re no?+ is to be le>nt1 !re=e all lab\r is wa/$ :i* "o be/[s ^u ?is false1 ?r\gh-&-?r\gh futile _w1 ! conception ( :i* has be5 obta9$ by be+ hum-bugg$ by ! s5ses4 ,he :o judges 9 su* g5]alisations z ,p>m5ides did1 ceases !re) to be an inve/igator ( natural philosophy 9 detail2 8 int]e/ 9 ph5om5a )]s away2 !re develops ev5 a hatr$ ( be+ unable to get rid ( ?is et]nal fraud ( ! s5ses4 ,tru? is n[ to dwell only 9 ! mo/ fad$1 mo/ ab/ract g5]alities1 9 ! empty husks ( ! mo/ indef9ite words1 z 9 a maze ( cobwebs2 & by su* a tru? n[ ! philosoph] sits1 bloodless z an ab/raction & surr\nd$ by a web ( =mul4 ,! spid] und\bt$ly wants ! blood ( its victims2 b ! ,p>m5idean philosoph] hates ! v blood ( 8 victims1 ! blood ( ,empiricism sacrific$ by him4 #aa ,& t 0 a ,greek :o fl\ri%$ ab\t ! "t ( ! outbreak ( ! ,ionic ,revolution4 ,at t "t x 0 possible = a ,greek to flee out ( ! sup]abundant reality1 z out ( a m]e delusive s*ematism ( ! imag9ative faculties--n p]haps l ,plato into ! l& ( ! et]nal ideas1 into ! work%op ( ! _w-creator1 9 ord] to fea/ ! eyes on unblemi%$1 unbreakable primal-=ms ( ?+s--b into ! rigid dea?-l re/ ( ! colde/ & emptie/ conception1 t ( ! ,be+4 ,we w inde$ bew>e ( int]pret+ su* a rem>kable fact by false analogies4 ,t flight 0 n a _w-flight 9 ! s5se ( ,indian philosoph]s2 no deep religi\s conviction z to ! depravity1 transitor9ess & accurs$ness ( ,exi/5ce dem&$ t flight--t ultimate goal1 ! re/ 9 ! ,be+1 0 n /riv5 aft] z ! my/ic absorption 9 "o all-suffic+ enraptur+ conception :i* is a puzzle & a sc&al to common m54 ,! ?\ght ( ,p>m5ides be>s 9 itself n ! slighte/ trace ( ! intoxicat+ my/ical ,indian fragrance1 :i* is p]haps n :olly imp]ceptible 9 ,py?agoras & ,emp$ocles2 ! /range ?+ 9 t fact1 at ?is p]iod1 is r ! v abs5ce ( fragrance1 col\r1 s\l1 =m1 ! total lack ( blood1 religiosity & e?ical w>m?1 ! ab/ract-s*ematic--9 a ,greek6--above all h[ev] our philosoph]'s awful en]gy ( /riv+ aft] ,c]ta9ty1 9 a my?ically ?9k+ & highly emotional--fanta/ic age is q rem>kable4 ,grant me b a c]ta9ty1 ye gods6is ! pray] ( ,p>m5ides1 & be x1 9 ! ocean ( ,unc]ta9ty1 only a bo>d1 broad en\gh to lie on6 ,ev]y?+ becom+1 ev]y?+ luxuriant1 v>i$1 blossom+1 deceiv+1 /imulat+1 liv+1 take all t = y\rselves1 & give to me b ! s+le poor empty ,c]ta9ty6 ,9 ! philosophy ( ,p>m5ides ! !me ( ontology =ms ! prelude4 ,exp]i5ce (f]$ him n[h]e a ,be+ z he imag9$ x to himself1 b f ! fact t he c\ld conceive ( x he conclud$ t x mu/ exi/2 a conclusion :i* re/s ^u ! supposition t we h an organ ( k :i* rea*es into ! nature ( ?+s & is indep5d5t ( exp]i5ce4 ,! mat]ial ( our ?9k+ accord+ to ,p>m5ides does n exi/ 9 p]ception at all b is br\ght 9 f some:]e else1 f an extra-mat]ial _w to :i* by ?9k+ we h a direct access4 ,aga9/ all simil> *a9s ( reason+ ,ari/otle has already ass]t$ t exi/5ce nev] belongs to ! ess5ce1 nev] belongs to ! nature ( a ?+4 ,= t v reason f ! idea ( ,be+--( :i* ! ess5tia precisely is only ! ,be+--_c be inf]r$ an exi/5tia ( ! ,be+ at all4 ,! logical cont5t ( t anti!sis ,be+ & ,n-,be+ is p]fectly nil1 if ! object ly+ at ! bottom ( x1 if ! precept _c be giv5 f :i* ?is anti!sis has be5 d$uc$ by ab/raction2 )\t ?is go+ back to ! precept ! anti!sis is only a play ) conceptions1 ?r\gh :i* inde$ no?+ is disc]n$4 ,= ! m]ely logical crit]ion ( tru?1 z ,kant tea*es1 namely ! agreem5t ( a disc]nm5t ) ! g5]al & ! =mal laws ( intellect & reason is1 x is true1 ! conditio s9e qua non1 consequ5tly ! negative condition ( all tru?2 fur!r h[ev] logic _c g1 & logic _c discov] by any t\*/one ! error :i* p]ta9s n to ! =m b to ! cont5ts4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z "o seeks ! cont5t = ! logical tru? ( ! anti!sis3 ,t :i* is1 is2 t :i* is n1 is n1 "o w f9d inde$ n a simple reality1 :i* is fa%ion$ rigidly accord+ to t anti!sis3 ab\t a tree ,i c say z well x is 9 comp>ison ) all ! o!r ?+s1 z well x becomes 9 comp>ison ) itself at ano!r mom5t ( "t z f9ally also x is n1 e4g41 x is n yet tree1 z long z ,i p]haps look at ! %rub4 ,words are only symbols = ! relations ( ?+s among !mselves & to u1 & n[h]e t\* absolute tru?2 & n[ to cr[n all1 ! ^w ,be+ designates only ! mo/ g5]al relation1 :i* connects all ?+s1 & s does ! ^w ,n-,be+4 ,if h[ev] ! ,exi/5ce ( ! ?+s !mselves be unprovable1 !n ! relation ( ! ?+s among !mselves1 ! s-call$ ,be+ & ,n-,be+1 w n br+ u any ne>] to ! l& ( tru?4 ,by means ( words & ideas we %all nev] get beh9d ! wall ( ! relations1 let u say into "s fabul\s primal cause ( ?+s1 & ev5 9 ! pure =ms ( ! s5sitive faculty & ( ! intellect1 9 space1 "t & causality we ga9 no?+1 :i* might resemble a ,v]itas t]na8 ,x is absolutely impossible = ! subject to see & disc]n some?+ beyond himself1 s impossible t ,cognition & ,be+ are ! mo/ contradictory ( all sph]es4 ,& if 9 ! un9/ruct$ navet ( ! !n critique ( ! intellect ,p>m5ides 0 p]mitt$ to fancy t out ( ! et]nally subjective idea he _h come to a ,be+-,9-itself1 !n x is to-day1 aft] ,kant1 a d>+ ignorance1 if "h & !re1 especially among badly in=m$ !ologians :o want to play ! philosoph]1 is propos$ z ! task ( philosophy3 to conceive ! ,absolute by means ( consci\sness1 p]haps ev5 9 ! =m3 ! ,absolute is already extant1 else h[ c\ld x be s\ght8 z ,hegel has express$ himself1 or ) ! say+ ( ,b5eke3 t ! ',be+' mu/ be giv5 someh[1 mu/ be atta9able = u someh[1 s9ce o!rwise we c\ld n ev5 h ! idea ( ',be+4' ,! idea ( ,be+6 ,z ?\gh t idea did n indicate ! mo/ mis]able empiric orig9 already 9 ! etymology ( ! ^w4 ,= esse means at ! bottom3 to brea!1 if man uses x ( all o!r ?+s1 !n he transmits ! conviction t he himself brea!s & lives by means ( a metaphor1 i4e41 by means ( some?+ illogical to ! o!r ?+s & conceives ( _! ,exi/5ce z a ,brea?+ accord+ to human analogy4 ,n[ ! orig9al mean+ ( ! ^w soon becomes effac$2 s mu* h[ev] /ill rema9s t man conceives ( ! exi/5ce ( o!r ?+s accord+ to ! analogy ( 8 own exi/5ce1 !re=e an?ropomorphically1 & at any rate by means ( an illogical transmission4 ,ev5 to man1 !re=e ap>t f t transmission1 ! proposition3 ,i brea!1 !re=e a ',be+' exi/s is q insuffici5t s9ce aga9/ x ! same objection mu/ be made1 z aga9/ ! ambulo1 ergo sum1 or ergo e/4 #ab ,! o!r idea1 ( great] import ?an t ( ! ,exi/5t1 & likewise inv5t$ already by ,p>m5ides1 al?\gh n yet s cle>ly appli$ z by 8 disciple ,z5o is ! idea ( ! ,inf9ite4 ,no?+ ,inf9ite c exi/2 = f su* an assumption ! contradictory idea ( a p]fect ,inf9itude w\ld result4 ,s9ce n[ our actuality1 our exi/+ _w ev]y:]e %[s ! "* ( t p]fect ,inf9itude1 our _w signifies 9 its nature a contradiction aga9/ logic & !re) also aga9/ reality & is deception1 lie1 fantasma4 ,z5o especially appli$ ! me?od ( indirect pro(2 he said = example1 ,!re c be no motion f "o place to ano!r2 = if !re 7 su* a motion1 !n an ,inf9itude w\ld be giv5 z p]fect1 ?is h[ev] is an impossibility4 ,a*illes _c cat* up ! tortoise :i* has a small />t 9 a race1 = 9 ord] to rea* only ! po9t f :i* ! tortoise began1 he w\ld h _h to run ?r\gh innum]able1 inf9itely _m spaces1 viz41 fir/ half ( t space1 !n ! f\r?1 !n ! sixte5?1 & s on ad inf9itum4 ,if he does 9 fact ov]take ! tortoise !n ?is is an illogical ph5om5on1 & !re=e at any rate n a tru?1 n a reality1 n real ,be+1 b only a delusion4 ,= x is nev] possible to f9i% ! inf9ite4 ,ano!r popul> expression ( ?is doctr9e is ! fly+ & yet re/+ arr[4 ,at any in/ant ( its flight x has a position2 9 ?is position x re/s4 ,n[ w\ld ! sum ( ! inf9ite positions ( re/ be id5tical ) motion8 ,w\ld n[ ! ,re/+1 inf9itely (t5 repeat$1 be ,motion1 !re=e its own opposite8 ,! ,inf9ite is "h us$ z ! aqua =tis ( reality1 ?r\gh x ! latt] is dissolv$4 ,if h[ev] ! ,ideas are fix$1 et]nal & entitative--& = ,p>m5ides ,be+ & ,?9k+ co9cide--if !re=e ! ,inf9ite c nev] be p]fect1 if ,re/ c nev] become ,motion1 !n 9 fact ! arr[ has n fl[n at all2 x nev] left its place & re/+ position2 no mom5t ( "t has pass$4 ,or express$ 9 ano!r way3 9 ?is s-call$ yet only alleg$ ,actuality !re exi/s nei!r "t1 nor space1 nor motion4 ,f9ally ! arr[ itself is only an illusion2 = x orig9ates out ( ! ,plurality1 out ( ! phantasmagoria ( ! ,non-,"o produc$ by ! s5ses4 ,suppose ! arr[ _h a ,be+1 !n x w\ld be immovable1 timeless1 increate1 rigid & et]nal--an impossible conception6 ,suppos+ t ,motion 0 truly real1 !n !re w\ld be no re/1 !re=e no position = ! arr[1 !re=e no space--an impossible conception6 ,suppos+ t "t 7 real1 !n x c\ld n be ( an inf9ite divisibility2 ! "t :i* ! arr[ ne$$1 w\ld h to consi/ ( a limit$ numb] ( "t-mom5ts1 ea* ( ^! mom5ts w\ld h to be an ,atomon--an impossible conception6 ,all our conceptions1 z soon z _! empirically-giv5 cont5t1 drawn out ( ?is concrete _w1 is tak5 z a ,v]itas t]na1 lead to contradictions4 ,if !re is absolute motion1 !n !re is no space2 if !re is absolute space !n !re is no motion2 if !re is absolute ,be+1 !n !re is no ,plurality2 if !re is an absolute ,plurality1 !n !re is no ,unity4 ,x %\ld at lea/ become cle> to u h[ little we t\* ! he>t ( ?+s or untie ! knot ( reality ) su* ideas1 :]eas ,p>m5ides & ,z5o inv]sely hold fa/ to ! tru? & omnivalidity ( ideas & condemn ! p]ceptible _w z ! opposite ( ! true & omnivalid ideas1 z an objectivation ( ! illogical & contradictory4 ,) all _! pro(s !y />t f ! :olly undemon/rable1 yea improbable assumption t 9 t appreh5sive faculty we possess ! decisive1 highe/ crit]ion ( ,be+ & ,n-,be+1 i4e41 ( objective reality & its opposite2 ^? ideas are n to prove !mselves true1 to correct !mselves by ,actuality1 z !y are aft] all really d]iv$ f x1 b on ! contr>y !y are to measure & to judge ,actuality1 & 9 case ( a contradiction ) logic1 ev5 to condemn4 ,9 ord] to conc$e to !m ?is judicial compet5ce ,p>m5ides _h to ascribe to !m ! same ,be+1 :i* alone he all[$ 9 g5]al z ! ,be+2 ,?9k+ & t "o increate p]fect ball ( ! ,exi/5t 7 n[ no long] to be conceiv$ z two diff]5t k9ds ( ,be+1 s9ce !re 0 n p]mitt$ a duality ( ,be+4 ,?us ! ov]-risky fla% ( fancy _h become necess>y to decl>e ,?9k+ & ,be+ id5tical4 ,no =m ( p]ceptibility1 no symbol1 no simile c\ld possibly be ( any help "h2 ! fancy 0 :olly inconceivable1 b x 0 necess>y1 yea 9 ! lack ( e possibility ( illu/ration x celebrat$ ! highe/ triumph ov] ! _w & ! claims ( ! s5ses4 ,?9k+ & t clod-l1 ball-%ap$1 ?r\gh-&-?r\gh dead-massive1 & rigid-immovable ,be+1 mu/1 accord+ to ! ,p>m5idean imp]ative1 dissolve into "o ano!r & be ! same 9 e respect1 to ! horror ( fantasy4 ,:at does x matt] t ?is id5tity contradicts ! s5ses6 ,?is contradiction is j ! gu>antee t su* an id5tity is n borr[$ f ! s5ses4 #ac ,moreov] aga9/ ,p>m5ides c\ld be produc$ a /rong c\ple ( argum5ta ad hom9em or ex concessis1 by :i*1 x is true1 tru? itself c\ld n be br\ght to light1 b at any rate ! untru? ( t absolute sep>ation ( ! _w ( ! s5ses & ! _w ( ! ideas1 & ! untru? ( ! id5tity ( ,be+ & ,?9k+ c\ld be demon/rat$4 ,fir/ly1 if ! ,?9k+ ( ,reason 9 ideas is real1 !n also ,plurality & ,motion mu/ h reality1 = rational ,?9k+ is mobile2 & m precisely1 x is a motion f idea to idea1 !re=e )9 a plurality ( realities4 ,!re is no subt]fuge aga9/ t2 x is q impossible to designate ,?9k+ z a rigid ,p]man5ce1 z an et]nally immobile1 intellectual ,introspection ( ,unity4 ,secondly1 if only fraud & illusion come f ! s5ses1 & if 9 reality !re exi/s only ! real id5tity ( ,be+ & ,?9k+1 :at !n are ! s5ses !mselves8 ,!y too are c]ta9ly ,appe>ance only s9ce !y d n co9cide ) ! ,?9k+1 & _! product1 ! _w ( s5ses1 does n co9cide ) ,be+4 ,if h[ev] ! s5ses !mselves are ,appe>ance to :om !n are !y ,appe>ance8 ,h[ c !y1 be+ unreal1 /ill deceive8 ,! ,non-,exi/5t _c ev5 deceive4 ,!re=e ! ,:5ce8 ( deception & ,appe>ance rema9s an enigma1 yea1 a contradiction4 ,we call ^! argum5ta ad hom9em3 ,! ,objection ,( ,! ,mobile ,reason & t ( ,! ,orig9 ,( ,appe>ance4 ,f ! fir/ w\ld result ! reality ( ,motion & ( ,plurality1 f ! second ! impossibility ( ! ,p>m5idean ,appe>ance1 assum+ t ! *ief-doctr9e ( ,p>m5ides on ! ,be+ 7 accept$ z true4 ,?is *ief-doctr9e h[ev] only says3 ,! ,exi/5t only has a ,be+1 ! ,non-,exi/5t does n exi/4 ,if ,motion h[ev] has su* a ,be+1 !n to ,motion applies :at applies to ! ,exi/5t 9 g5]al3 x is increate1 et]nal1 inde/ructible1 )\t increase or decrease4 ,b if ! ,appe>ance is d5i$ & a belief 9 x made unt5able1 by means ( t "q z to ! ,:5ce8 ( ! ,appe>ance1 if ! /age ( ! s-call$ ,becom+1 ( *ange1 our _m-%ap$1 re/less1 col\r$ & ri* ,exi/5ce is protect$ f ! ,p>m5idean rejection1 !n x is necess>y to *>act]ise ?is _w ( *ange & alt]ation z a sum ( su* really exi/+ ,ess5tials1 exi/+ simultane\sly into all et]nity4 ,( a *ange 9 ! /rict s5se1 ( a ,becom+ !re _c naturally be any "q ev5 ) ?is assumption4 ,b n[ ,plurality has a real ,be+1 all qualities h a real ,be+ & motion n less2 & ( any mom5t ( ?is _w--al?\gh ^! mom5ts *os5 at r&om lie at a di/ance ( mill5niums f "o ano!r--x w\ld h to be possible to say3 all real ,ess5tials extant 9 ?is _w are )\t exception co-exi/5t1 unalt]$1 undim9i%$1 )\t increase1 )\t decrease4 ,a mill5nium lat] ! _w is exactly ! same4 ,no?+ has alt]$4 ,if 9 spite ( t ! appe>ance ( ! _w at ! "o "t is q diff]5t f t at ! o!r "t1 !n t is no deception1 no?+ m]ely app>5t1 b ! effect ( et]nal motion4 ,! real ,exi/5t is mov$ sometimes ?us1 sometimes ?us3 toge!r1 asund]1 upw>ds1 d[nw>ds1 into "o ano!r1 pell-mell4 #ad ,) ?is conception we h already tak5 a /ep into ! realm ( ! doctr9e ( ,anaxagoras4 ,by him bo? objections aga9/ ,p>m5ides are rais$ 9 full /r5g?2 t ( ! mobile ,?9k+ & t ( ! ,:5ce8 ( ,appe>ance2 b 9 ! *ief proposition ,p>m5ides has subjugat$ him z well z all ! y\ng] philosoph]s & nature-explor]s4 ,!y all d5y ! possibility ( ,becom+ & ,pass+1 z ! m9d ( ! p conceives !m & z ,anaxim&] & ,h]aclitus _h assum$ ) great] circumspection & yet /ill he$lessly4 ,su* a my?ological ,orig9at+ out ( ! ,no?+1 su* a ,disappe>+ into ! ,no?+1 su* an arbitr>y ,*ang+ ( ! ,no?+ into ! ,some?+1 su* a r&om ex*ang+1 putt+ on & putt+ (f ( ! qualities 0 h5ce=? consid]$ s5seless2 b s 01 & = ! same reasons1 an orig9at+ ( ! ,_m out ( ! ,"o1 ( ! manifold qualities out ( ! "o primal-quality1 9 %ort ! d]ivation ( ! _w out ( a prim>y sub/ance1 z argu$ by ,?ales & ,h]aclitus4 ,r 0 n[ ! real problem advanc$ ( apply+ ! doctr9e ( increate imp]i%able ,be+ to ?is exi/+ _w1 )\t tak+ "o's refuge 9 ! !ory ( appe>ance & deception4 ,b if ! empiric _w is n to be ,appe>ance1 if ! ?+s are n to be d]iv$ out ( ,no?+ & j z little out ( ! "o ,some?+1 !n ^! ?+s mu/ conta9 9 !mselves a real ,be+1 _! matt] & cont5t mu/ be unconditionally real1 & all *ange c ref] only to ! =m1 i4e41 to ! position1 ord]1 gr\p+1 mix+1 sep>ation ( ^! et]nally co-exi/+ ,ess5tials4 ,x is j z 9 a game ( dice2 !y are ev] ! same dice2 b fall+ sometimes ?us1 sometimes ?us1 !y mean to u some?+ diff]5t4 ,all old] !ories _h gone back to a primal elem5t1 z womb & cause ( ,becom+1 be ?is wat]1 air1 fire or ! ,indef9ite ( ,anaxim&]4 ,aga9/ t ,anaxagoras n[ ass]ts t out ( ! ,equal ! ,unequal c\ld nev] come =?1 & t out ( ! "o ,exi/5t ! *ange c\ld nev] be expla9$4 ,:e!r n[ "o 7 to imag9e t assum$ matt] to be r>efi$ or cond5s$1 "o w\ld nev] succe$ by su* a cond5sation or r>efaction 9 expla9+ ! problem "o w\ld l to expla93 ! plurality ( qualities4 ,b if ! _w 9 fact is full ( ! mo/ diff]5t qualities !n ^! mu/1 9 case !y are n appe>ance1 h a ,be+1 i4e41 mu/ be et]nal1 increate1 imp]i%able & ev] co-exi/+4 ,appe>ance1 h[ev]1 !y _c be1 s9ce ! "q z to ! ,:5ce8 ( ,appe>ance rema9s unansw]$1 yea answ]s itself 9 ! negative6 ,! e>li] seek]s aft] ,tru? _h int5d$ to simplify ! problem ( ,becom+ by advanc+ only "o sub/ance1 :i* bore 9 its bosom ! possibilities ( all ,becom+2 n[ on ! contr>y x is ass]t$3 !re are innum]able sub/ances1 b nev] m1 nev] less1 & nev] new ones4 ,only ,motion1 play+ dice ) !m ?r[s !m into ev] new comb9ations4 ,t ,motion h[ev] is a tru? & n ,appe>ance1 ,anaxagoras prov$ 9 opposition to ,p>m5ides by ! indisputable succession ( our conceptions 9 ?9k+4 ,we h !re=e 9 ! mo/ direct fa%ion ! insight into ! tru? ( motion & succession 9 ! fact t we ?9k & h conceptions4 ,!re=e at any rate ! "o rigid1 re/+1 dead ,be+ ( ,p>m5ides has be5 remov$ out ( ! way1 !re are _m ,exi/5ts j z surely z all ^! _m ,exi/5ts 7exi/+ ?+s1 sub/ances7 are 9 motion4 ,*ange is motion--b :5ce orig9ates motion8 ,does ?is motion leave p]haps :olly unt\*$ ! prop] ess5ce ( ^? _m indep5d5t1 isolat$ sub/ances1 &1 accord+ to ! mo/ sev]e idea ( ! ,exi/5t1 mu/ n motion 9 itself be =eign to !m8 ,or does x aft] all belong to ! ?+s !mselves8 ,we /& "h at an important decision2 accord+ to :i* way we turn1 we %all /ep into ! realm ei!r ( ,anaxagoras or ( ,emp$ocles or ( ,democritus4 ,! delicate "q mu/ be rais$3 if !re are _m sub/ances1 & if ^! _m move1 :at moves !m8 ,d !y move "o ano!r8 ,or is x p]haps only gravitation8 ,or are !re magic =ces ( attraction & repulsion )9 ! ?+s !mselves8 ,or does ! cause ( motion lie outside ^! _m real sub/ances8 ,or putt+ ! "q m po9t$ly3 if two ?+s %[ a succession1 a mutual *ange ( position1 does t orig9ate f !mselves8 ,& is ?is to be expla9$ me*anically or magically8 ,or if ?is %\ld n be ! case is x a ?ird some?+ :i* moves !m8 ,x is a sorry problem1 = ,p>m5ides w\ld /ill h be5 able to prove aga9/ ,anaxagoras ! impossibility ( motion1 ev5 grant$ t !re are _m sub/ances4 ,= he c\ld say3 ,take two ,sub/ances exi/+ ( !mselves1 ea* ) q diff]5tly fa%ion$1 autonom\s1 uncondition$ ,be+--& ( su* k9d are ! ,anaxagorean sub/ances--!y c nev] cla% toge!r1 nev] move1 nev] attract "o ano!r1 !re exi/s betwe5 !m no causality1 no bridge1 !y d n come into contact ) "o ano!r1 d n di/urb "o ano!r1 !y d n int]e/ "o ano!r1 !y are utt]ly indiff]5t4 ,! impact !n is j z inexplicable z ! magic attraction3 t :i* is utt]ly =eign _c ex]cise any effect ^u ano!r1 !re=e _c move itself nor all[ itself to be mov$4 ,p>m5ides w\ld ev5 h add$3 ! only way ( escape :i* is left to y is ?is1 to ascribe motion to ! ?+s !mselves2 !n h[ev] all t y "k & see z motion is inde$ only a deception & n true motion1 = ! only k9d ( motion :i* c\ld belong to ^? absolutely orig9al sub/ances1 w\ld be m]ely an autog5\s motion limit$ to !mselves )\t any effect4 ,b y assume motion 9 ord] to expla9 ^? effects ( *ange1 ( ! dis>rangem5t 9 space1 ( alt]ation1 9 %ort ! causalities & relations ( ! ?+s among !mselves4 ,b ^! v effects w\ld n be expla9$ & w\ld rema9 z problematic z ev]2 = ?is reason "o _c conceive :y x %\ld be necess>y to assume a motion s9ce x does n p]=m t :i* y dem& f x4 ,motion does n belong to ! nature ( ?+s & is et]nally =eign to !m4 ,^? oppon5ts ( ! ,eleatean unmov$ ,unity 7 induc$ to make light ( su* an argum5t by prejudices ( a p]ceptual "*4 ,x seems s irrefutable t ea* v]itable ,exi/5t is a space-fill+ body1 a lump ( matt]1 l>ge or small b 9 any case spacially dim5sion$2 s t two or m su* lumps _c be 9 "o space4 ,"u ?is hypo!sis ,anaxagoras1 z lat] on ,democritus1 assum$ t !y mu/ knock aga9/ ea* o!r2 if 9 _! motions !y came by *ance ^u "o ano!r1 t !y w\ld dispute ! same space ) ea* o!r1 & t ?is /ruggle 0 ! v cause ( all ,*ange4 ,9 o!r words3 ^? :olly isolat$1 ?or\ghly het]og5e\s & et]nally unalt]able sub/ances 7 aft] all n conceiv$ z be+ absolutely het]og5e\s b all _h 9 addition to a specific1 :olly peculi> quality1 also "o absolutely homog5e\s sub/ratum3 a piece ( space-fill+ matt]4 ,9 _! p>ticipation 9 matt] !y all /ood equal & !re=e c\ld act ^u "o ano!r1 i4e41 knock "o ano!r4 ,moreov] all ,*ange did n 9 ! lea/ dep5d on ! het]og5eity ( ^? sub/ances b on _! homog5eity1 z matt]4 ,at ! bottom ( ! assumption ( ,anaxagoras is a logical ov]sight2 = t :i* is ! ,exi/5t-,9-,itself mu/ be :olly unconditional & coh]5t1 is !re=e n all[$ to assume z its cause any?+1--:]eas all ^? ,anaxagorean sub/ances h /ill a condition+ ,some?+3 matt]1 & already assume its exi/5ce2 ! sub/ance ,r$ = example 0 to ,anaxagoras n j m]ely r$ 9 itself b also 9 a res]v$ or suppress$ way a piece ( matt] )\t any qualities4 ,only ) ?is matt] ! ,r$-,9-,itself act$ ^u o!r sub/ances1 n ) ! ,r$1 b ) t :i* is n r$1 n col\r$1 nor 9 any way qualitatively def9ite4 ,if ! ,r$ _h be5 tak5 /rictly z ,r$1 z ! real sub/ance itself1 !re=e )\t t sub/ratum1 !n ,anaxagoras w\ld c]ta9ly n h d>$ to speak ( an effect ( ! ,r$ ^u o!r sub/ances1 p]haps ev5 ) ! phrase t ! ,r$-,9-,itself 0 transmitt+ ! impact receiv$ f ! ,fle%y-,9-,itself4 ,!n x w\ld be cle> t su* an ,exi/5t p> excell5ce c\ld nev] be mov$4 #ae ,"o has to glance at ! oppon5ts ( ! ,eleates1 9 ord] to appreciate ! extraord9>y advantages 9 ! assumption ( ,p>m5ides4 ,:at emb>rassm5ts1--f :i* ,p>m5ides _h escap$1--await$ ,anaxagoras & all :o believ$ 9 a plurality ( sub/ances1 ) ! "q1 ,h[ _m sub/ances8 ,anaxagoras made ! leap1 clos$ 8 eyes & said1 ,inf9itely _m2 ?us he _h fl[n at lea/ beyond ! incr$ibly labori\s pro( ( a def9ite numb] ( elem5t>y sub/ances4 ,s9ce ^! ,inf9itely ,_m _h to exi/ )\t increase & unalt]$ = et]nities1 9 t assumption 0 giv5 ! contradiction ( an inf9ity to be conceiv$ z complet$ & p]fect4 ,9 %ort1 ,plurality1 ,motion1 ,inf9ity driv5 into flight by ,p>m5ides ) ! amaz+ proposition ( ! "o ,be+1 return$ f _! exile & hurl$ _! projectiles at ! oppon5ts ( ,p>m5ides1 caus+ !m w\nds = :i* !re is no cure4 ,obvi\sly ^? oppon5ts h no real consci\sness & k z to ! awful =ce ( ^? ,eleatean ?\ghts1 ,!re c be no "t1 no motion1 no space2 = all ^! we c only ?9k ( z inf9ite1 & to be m explicit1 fir/ly inf9itely l>ge1 !n inf9itely divisible2 b ev]y?+ inf9ite has no ',be+1' does n exi/1 & ?is nobody d\bts1 :o takes ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,be+ sev]ely & consid]s ! exi/5ce ( some?+ contradictory impossible1 e4g41 ! exi/5ce ( a complet$ inf9ity4 ,if h[ev] ! v ,actuality %[s u ev]y?+ "u ! =m ( ! complet$ inf9ity !n x becomes evid5t t x contradicts itself & !re=e has no true reality4 ,if ^? oppon5ts h[ev] %\ld object3 b 9 y\r ?9k+ itself !re does exi/ succession1 !re=e nei!r c\ld y\r ?9k+ be real & consequ5tly c\ld n prove any?+1 !n ,p>m5ides p]haps l ,kant 9 a simil> case ( an equal objection w\ld h answ]$3 ,i c1 x is true1 say my conceptions foll[ ^u "o ano!r1 b t means only t we are n consci\s ( !m unless )9 a *ronological ord]1 i4e41 accord+ to ! =m ( ! inn] s5se4 ,= t reason "t is n a some?+ 9 itself nor any ord] or quality objectively adh]5t to ?+s4 ,we %\ld !re=e h to di/+ui% betwe5 ! ,pure ,?9k+1 t w\ld be timeless l ! "o ,p>m5idean ,be+1 & ! consci\sness ( ?is ?9k+1 & ! latt] w\ld already translate ! ?9k+ into ! =m ( appe>ance1 i4e41 ( succession1 plurality & motion4 ,x is probable t ,p>m5ides w\ld h avail$ himself ( ?is loophole2 h[ev]1 ! same objection w\ld !n h to be rais$ aga9/ him :i* is rais$ aga9/ ,kant by ,a4 ,spir 7,?9k+ ,& ,reality1 #bnd ed41 vol4 i41 pp4 #bji1 c74 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place h[ev] x is cle>1 t ,i _c "k any?+ ( a succession z su*1 unless ,i h ! successive memb]s ( ! same simultane\sly 9 my consci\sness4 ,?us ! conception ( a succession itself is n at all successive1 h5ce also q diff]5t f ! succession ( our conceptions4 ,secondly ,kant's assumption implies su* obvi\s absurdities t "o is surpris$ t he c\ld leave !m unnotic$4 ,cs> & ,socrates accord+ to ?is assumption are n really dead1 !y /ill live exactly z !y did two ?\s& ye>s ago & only seem to be dead1 z a consequ5ce ( an organisation ( my inn] s5se4 ,future m5 already live & if !y d n n[ /ep =w>d z liv+ t organisation ( ! inn] s5se is likewise ! cause ( x4 ,"h above all o!r ?+s ! "q is to be put3 ,h[ c ! beg9n+ & ! end ( consci\s life itself1 toge!r ) all its int]nal & ext]nal s5ses1 exi/ m]ely 9 ! conception ( ! inn] s5se8 ,! fact is inde$ ?is1 t "o c]ta9ly _c d5y ! reality ( ,*ange4 ,if x is ?r[n out ?r\gh ! w9d[ x slips 9 aga9 ?r\gh ! keyhole4 ,if "o says3 ,x m]ely seems to me1 t conditions & conceptions *ange1--!n ?is v semblance & appe>ance itself is some?+ objectively exi/+ & )9 x )\t d\bt ! succession has objective reality1 "s ?+s 9 x really d succe$ "o ano!r4--,besides "o mu/ obs]ve t inde$ ! :ole critique ( reason only has cause & "r ( exi/5ce "u ! assumption t to u our conceptions !mselves appe> exactly z !y are4 ,= if ! conceptions also appe>$ to u o!rwise ?an !y really are1 !n "o w\ld n be able to advance any solid proposition ab\t !m1 & !re=e w\ld n be able to accompli% any gnosiology or any transc5d5tal inve/igation ( objective validity4 ,n[ x rema9s h[ev] beyond all d\bt t our conceptions !mselves appe> to u z successive4 ,! contemplation ( ?is und\bt$ succession & agitation has n[ urg$ ,anaxagoras to a memorable hypo!sis4 ,obvi\sly ! conceptions !mselves mov$ !mselves1 7 n pu%$ & _h no cause ( motion outside !mselves4 ,!re=e he said to himself1 !re exi/s a some?+ :i* be>s 9 itself ! orig9 & ! comm5cem5t ( motion2 secondly1 h[ev]1 he notices t ?is conception 0 mov+ n only itself b also some?+ q diff]5t1 ! body4 ,he discov]s !re=e1 9 ! mo/ imm$iate exp]i5ce an effect ( conceptions ^u expansive matt]1 :i* makes itself kn[n z motion 9 ! latt]4 ,t 0 to him a fact2 & only incid5tally x /imulat$ him to expla9 ?is fact4 ,let x suffice t he _h a regulative s*ema = ! motion 9 ! _w1--?is motion he n[ und]/ood ei!r z a motion ( ! true isolat$ ess5ces ?r\gh ! ,conceptual ,pr9ciple1 ! ,n\s1 or z a motion ?r\gh a some?+ already mov$4 ,t ) 8 fundam5tal assumption ! latt] k9d1 ! me*anical transmission ( motions & impacts likewise conta9$ 9 itself a problem1 probably escap$ him2 ! commonness & e-day occurr5ce ( ! effect ?r\gh impact mo/ probably dull$ 8 eye to ! my/]i\sness ( impact4 ,on ! o!r h& he c]ta9ly felt ! problematic1 ev5 contradictory nature ( an effect ( conceptions ^u sub/ances exi/+ 9 !mselves & he also tri$ !re=e to trace ?is effect back to a me*anical pu% & impact :i* 7 consid]$ by him z q compreh5sible4 ,= ! ,n\s too 0 )\t d\bt su* a sub/ance exi/+ 9 itself & 0 *>act]is$ by him z a v delicate & subtle matt]1 ) ! specific quality ( ?9k+4 ,) a "* assum$ 9 ?is way1 ! effect ( ?is matt] ^u o!r matt] _h ( c\rse to be ( exactly ! same k9d z t :i* ano!r sub/ance ex]cises ^u a ?ird1 i4e41 a me*anical effect1 mov+ by pressure & impact4 ,/ill ! philosoph] _h n[ a sub/ance :i* moves itself & o!r ?+s1 a sub/ance ( :i* ! motion did n come f outside & dep5d$ on no "o else3 :]eas x seem$ almo/ a matt] ( indiff]5ce h[ ?is automobilism 0 to be conceiv$ (1 p]haps simil> to t pu%+ !mselves hi!r & ?i!r ( v fragile & small globules ( quicksilv]4 ,among all que/ions :i* conc]n motion !re is none m tr\blesome ?an ! "q z to ! beg9n+ ( motion4 ,= if "o may be all[$ to conceive ( all rema9+ motions z effect & consequ5ces1 !n nev]!less ! fir/ primal motion is /ill to be expla9$2 = ! me*anical motions1 ! fir/ l9k ( ! *a9 c]ta9ly _c lie 9 a me*anical motion1 s9ce t w\ld be z good z recurr+ to ! nons5sical idea ( ! causa sui4 ,b likewise x is n feasible to attribute to ! et]nal1 unconditional ?+s a motion ( _! own1 z x 7 f ! beg9n+1 z d[ry ( _! exi/5ce4 ,= motion _c be conceiv$ )\t a direction :i!r & :]eupon1 !re=e only z relation & condition2 b a ?+ is no long] entitative-9-itself & unconditional1 if accord+ to its nature x ref]s necess>ily to some?+ exi/+ outside ( x4 ,9 ?is emb>rassm5t ,anaxagoras ?\ght he _h f\nd an extraord9>y help & salvation 9 t ,n\s1 automobile & o!rwise indep5d5t2 ! nature ( t ,n\s be+ j obscure & veil$ en\gh to produce ! deception ab\t x1 t its assumption also involves t =bidd5 causa sui4 ,to empiric obs]vation x is ev5 an e/abli%$ fact t ,conception is n a causa sui b ! effect ( ! bra91 yea1 x mu/ appe> to t obs]vation z an odd ecc5tricity to sep>ate ! m9d1 ! product ( ! bra91 f its causa & /ill to deem x exi/+ aft] ?is sev]+4 ,?is ,anaxagoras did2 he =got ! bra91 its m>vell\s design1 ! delicacy & intricacy ( its convolutions & passages & he decre$ ! ,m9d-,9-,itself4 ,?is ,m9d-,9-,itself alone among all sub/ances _h ,free-w1--a gr& disc]nm5t6 ,?is ,m9d 0 able at any odd "t to beg9 ) ! motion ( ! ?+s outside x2 on ! o!r h& = ages & ages x c\ld occupy itself ) itself--9 %ort ,anaxagoras 0 all[$ to assume a fir/ mom5t ( motion 9 "s primeval age1 z ! ,*alaza ( all s-call$ ,becom+2 i4e41 ( all ,*ange1 namely ( all %ift+ & re>rang+ ( ! et]nal sub/ances & _! p>ticles1 ,al?\gh ! ,m9d itself is et]nal1 x is 9 no way compell$ to torm5t itself = et]nities ) ! %ift+ ab\t ( gra9s ( matt]2 & c]ta9ly !re 0 a "t & a /ate ( ^? matt]s--x is q indiff]5t :e!r t "t 0 ( long or %ort duration--dur+ :i* ! ,n\s _h n act$ ^u !m1 dur+ :i* !y 7 /ill unmov$4 ,t is ! p]iod ( ! ,anaxagorean *aos4 #af ,! ,anaxagorean *aos is n an imm$iately evid5t conception2 9 ord] to grasp x "o mu/ h und]/ood ! conception :i* our philosoph] _h ) respect to ! s-call$ ,becom+4 ,= 9 itself ! /ate ( all het]og5e\s ,elem5t>y-exi/5ces be=e all motion w\ld by no means necess>ily result 9 an absolute mixture ( all se$s ( ?+s1 z ! expression ( ,anaxagoras runs1 an int]mixture1 :i* he imag9$ z a complete pell-mell1 disord]$ 9 its smalle/ p>ts1 aft] all ^! ,elem5t>y-exi/5ces _h be51 z 9 a mort>1 p\nd$ & resolv$ into atoms ( du/1 s t n[ 9 t *aos1 z 9 an amphora1 !y c\ld be :irl$ into a m$ley4 ,"o might say t ?is conception ( ! *aos did n conta9 any?+ inevitable1 t "o m]ely ne$$ r to assume any *ance position ( all ^? exi/5ces1 b n an inf9ite decomposition ( !m2 an irregul> side-by-side arrangem5t 0 already suffici5t2 !re 0 no ne$ ( a pell-mell1 let alone su* a total pell-mell4 ,:at !re=e put into ,anaxagoras' head t difficult & complex conception8 ,z already said3 8 conception ( ! empirically giv5 ,becom+4 ,f 8 exp]i5ce he drew fir/ a mo/ extraord9>y proposition on ! ,becom+1 & ?is proposition necess>ily result$ 9 t doctr9e ( ! *aos1 z its consequ5ce4 ,! obs]vation ( ! processes ( evolution 9 nature1 n a consid]ation ( an e>li] philosophical sy/em1 sugge/$ to ,anaxagoras ! doctr9e1 t ,all orig9at$ f ,all2 ?is 0 ! conviction ( ! natural philosoph] bas$ ^u a manifold1 & at ! bottom1 ( c\rse1 excessively inadequate induction4 ,he prov$ x ?us3 if ev5 ! contr>y c\ld orig9ate out ( ! contr>y1 e4g41 ! ,black out ( ! ,:ite1 ev]y?+ is possible2 t h[ev] did happ5 ) ! dissolution ( :ite sn[ into black wat]4 ,! n\ri%m5t ( ! body he expla9$ to himself 9 ?is way3 t 9 ! articles ( food !re mu/ be invisibly small con/itu5ts ( fle% or blood or bone :i* dur+ alim5tation became dis5gag$ & unit$ ) ! homog5e\s 9 ! body4 ,b if ,all c become out ( ,all1 ! ,firm out ( ! ,liquid1 ! ,h>d out ( ! ,s(t1 ! ,black out ( ! ,:ite1 ! ,fle%y out ( ,bread1 !n also ,all mu/ be conta9$ 9 ,all4 ,! names ( ?+s 9 t case express only ! prepond]ance ( ! "o sub/ance ov] ! o!r sub/ances to be met ) 9 small]1 (t5 imp]ceptible quantities4 ,9 gold1 t is to say1 9 t :i* "o designates a potiore by ! "n gold1 !re mu/ be also conta9$ silv]1 sn[1 bread1 & fle%1 b 9 v small quantities2 ! :ole is call$ aft] ! prepond]at+ item1 ! gold-sub/ance4 ,b h[ is x possible1 t "o sub/ance prepond]ates & fills a ?+ 9 great] mass ?an ! o!rs pres5t8 ,exp]i5ce %[s1 t ?is prepond]ance is gradually produc$ only ?r\gh ,motion1 t ! prepond]ance is ! result ( a process1 :i* we commonly call ,becom+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 t ,all is 9 ,all is n ! result ( a process1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! prelim9>y condition ( all ,becom+ & all ,motion1 & is consequ5tly previ\s to all ,becom+4 ,9 o!r words3 exp]i5ce tea*es1 t cont9ually ! l is add$ to ! l1 e4g41 ?r\gh n\ri%m5t1 !re=e orig9ally ^? homog5e\s sub/ances 7 n toge!r & agglom]at$1 b !y 7 sep>ate4 ,r1 9 all empiric processes com+ be=e our eyes1 ! homog5e\s is always segregat$ f ! het]og5e\s & transmitt$ 7e4g41 dur+ n\ri%m5t1 ! p>ticles ( fle% out ( ! bread1 c71 consequ5tly ! pell-mell ( ! diff]5t sub/ances is ! old] =m ( ! con/itution ( ?+s & 9 po9t ( "t previ\s to all ,becom+ & ,mov+4 ,if all s-call$ ,becom+ is a segregat+ & presupposes a mixture1 ! "q arises1 :at degree ( int]mixture ?is pell-mell mu/ h _h orig9ally4 ,al?\gh ! process ( a mov+ on ! "p ( ! homog5e\s to ! homog5e\s--i4e41 ,becom+--has already la/$ an imm5se "t1 "o recognises 9 spite ( t1 t ev5 yet 9 all ?+s rema9d]s & se$-gra9s ( all o!r ?+s are enclos$1 wait+ = _! segregation1 & "o recognises fur!r t only "h & !re a prepond]ance has be5 br\ght ab\t2 ! primal mixture mu/ h be5 a complete "o1 i4e41 go+ d[n to ! inf9itely small1 s9ce ! sep>ation & unmix+ takes up an inf9ite l5g? ( "t4 ,!reby /rict adh]5ce is paid to ! ?\ght3 t ev]y?+ :i* possesses an ess5tial ,be+ is inf9itely divisible1 )\t =feit+ its specificum4 ,accord+ to ^! hypo!ses ,anaxagoras conceives ( ! _w's primal exi/5ce3 p]haps z simil> to a du/-l mass ( inf9itely small1 concrete p>ticles ( :i* e "o is specifically simple & possesses "o quality only1 yet s arrang$ t e specific quality is repres5t$ 9 an inf9ite numb] ( individual p>ticles4 ,su* p>ticles ,ari/otle has call$ ,homoiom]e 9 consid]ation ( ! fact t !y are ! ,p>ts1 all equal "o to ano!r1 ( a ,:ole :i* is homog5e\s ) its ,p>ts4 ,"o w\ld h[ev] commit a s]i\s mi/ake to equate ?is primal pell-mell ( all su* p>ticles1 su* se$-gra9s ( ?+s to ! "o primal matt] ( ,anaxim&]2 = ! latt]'s primal matt] call$ ! ,indef9ite is a ?or\ghly coh]5t & peculi> mass1 ! =m]'s primal pell-mell is an aggregate ( sub/ances4 ,x is true "o c ass]t ab\t ?is ,aggregate ( ,sub/ances exactly ! same z ab\t ! ,indef9ite ( ,anaxim&]1 z ,ari/otle does3 x c\ld be nei!r :ite nor grey1 nor black1 nor ( any o!r col\r2 x 0 ta/eless1 sc5tless1 & altoge!r z a ,:ole def9$ nei!r quantitatively nor qualitatively3 s f> goes ! simil>ity ( ! ,anaxim&rian ,indef9ite & ! ,anaxagorean ,primal ,mixture4 ,b disreg>d+ ?is negative equality !y di/+ui% !mselves "o f ano!r positively by ! latt] be+ a comp\nd1 ! =m] a unity4 ,anaxagoras _h by ! assumption ( 8 ,*aos at lea/ s mu* to 8 advantage1 t he 0 n compell$ to d$uce ! ,_m f ! ,"o1 ! ,becom+ out ( ! ,exi/5t4 ,( c\rse ) 8 complete int]mixture ( ! se$s he _h to admit "o exception3 ! ,n\s 0 n !n1 nor is ,x n[ admix$ ) any ?+4 ,= if ,x 7 admix$ ) only "o ,exi/5t1 ,x w\ld h1 9 inf9ite divisions1 to dwell 9 all ?+s4 ,?is exception is logically v dubi\s1 especially consid]+ ! previ\sly describ$ mat]ial nature ( ! ,n\s1 x has some?+ my?ological 9 itself & seems arbitr>y1 b 0 h[ev]1 accord+ to ,anaxagorean prmissa1 a /rict necessity4 ,! ,m9d1 :i* is moreov] inf9itely divisible l any o!r matt]1 only n ?r\gh o!r matt]s b ?r\gh ,itself1 has1 if ,x divides ,itself1 9 divid+ & conglobat+ sometimes 9 l>ge1 sometimes 9 small masses1 ,its equal mass & quality f all et]nity2 & t :i* at ?is m9ute exi/s z ,m9d 9 animals1 plants1 m51 0 also ,m9d )\t a m or less1 al?\gh di/ribut$ 9 ano!r way a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,b :]ev] ,x _h a relation to ano!r sub/ance1 !re ,x nev] 0 admix$ ) x1 b volunt>ily seiz$ x1 mov$ & pu%$ x arbitr>ily--9 %ort1 rul$ x4 ,m9d1 :i* alone has motion 9 ,itself1 alone possesses rul+ p[] 9 ?is _w & %[s x ?r\gh mov+ ! gra9s ( matt]4 ,b :i!r does ,x move !m8 ,or is a motion conceivable1 )\t direction1 )\t pa?8 ,is ,m9d 9 ,its impacts j z arbitr>y z x is1 ) reg>d to ! "t :5 ,x pu%es1 & :5 ,x does n pu%8 ,9 %ort1 does ,*ance1 i4e41 ! bl9de/ option1 rule )9 ,motion8 ,at ?is b\nd>y we /ep into ! ,mo/ ,holy )9 ! conceptual realm ( ,anaxagoras4 #ag ,:at _h to be done ) t *aotic pell-mell ( ! primal /ate previ\s to all motion1 s t out ( x1 )\t any increase ( new sub/ances & =ces1 ! exi/+ _w might orig9ate1 ) its regul> /ell> orbits1 ) its regulat$ =ms ( seasons & days1 ) its manifold beauty & ord]1--9 %ort1 s t out ( ! ,*aos might come a ,cosmos8 ,?is c be only ! effect ( ,motion1 & ( a def9ite & well-organis$ motion4 ,?is ,motion itself is ! means ( ! ,n\s1 ,its goal w\ld be ! p]fect segregation ( ! homog5e\s1 a goal up to ! pres5t n yet atta9$1 because ! disord] & ! mixture 9 ! beg9n+ 0 inf9ite4 ,?is goal is to be /riv5 aft] only by an enorm\s process1 n to be realiz$ sudd5ly by a my?ological /roke ( ! w&4 ,if ev]1 at an inf9itely di/ant po9t ( "t1 x is a*iev$ t ev]y?+ homog5e\s is br\ght toge!r & ! primal-exi/5ces undivid$ are encamp$ side by side 9 beautiful ord]1 & e p>ticle has f\nd its comrades & its home1 & ! great peace comes ab\t aft] ! great division & splitt+ up ( ! sub/ances1 & !re w be no long] any?+ t is divid$ ind split up1 !n ! ,n\s w aga9 return into ,its automobilism &1 no long] ,itself divid$1 roam ?r\gh ! _w1 sometimes 9 l>g]1 sometimes 9 small] masses1 z plant-m9d or animal-m9d1 & no long] w ,x take up ,its new dwell+-place 9 o!r matt]4 ,mean:ile ! task has n be5 complet$2 b ! k9d ( motion :i* ! ,n\s has ?\ght out1 9 ord] to solve ! task1 %[s a m>vell\s suitabl5ess1 = by ?is motion ! task is fur!r solv$ 9 ea* new mom5t4 ,= ?is motion has ! "* ( conc5trically progressive circul> motion2 x began at "s "o po9t ( ! *aotic mixture1 9 ! =m ( a little gyration1 & 9 ev] l>g] pa?s ?is circul> movem5t trav]ses all exi/+ ,be+1 j]k+ =? ev]y:]e ! homog5e\s to ! homog5e\s4 ,at fir/ ?is revolution br+s ev]y?+ ,d5se to ! ,d5se1 ev]y?+ ,r>e to ! ,r>e1 & likewise all t is ,d>k1 ,bright1 ,moi/1 ,dry to _! k9d2 above ^! g5]al gr\ps or classifications !re are aga9 two /ill m compreh5sive1 namely ,e!r1 t is to say ev]y?+ t is ,w>m1 ,bright1 ,r>e1 & ,ar1 t is to say ev]y?+ t is ,d>k1 ,cold1 ,heavy1 ,firm4 ,?r\gh ! segregation ( ! e!real masses f ! arial1 !re is =m$1 z ! mo/ imm$iate effect ( t epicycle ^: c5tre moves along 9 ! circumf]5ce ( ev] great] circles1 a some?+ z 9 an eddy made 9 /&+ wat]2 heavy comp\nds are l$ t[>ds ! middle & compress$4 ,j 9 ! same way t travell+ wat]sp\t 9 *aos =ms itself on ! out] side out ( ! ,e!real1 ,r>e1 ,bright ,con/itu5ts1 on ! inn] side out ( ! ,cl\dy1 ,heavy1 ,moi/ ,con/itu5ts4 ,!n 9 ! c\rse ( ?is process out ( t ,arial mass1 conglom]at+ 9 its int]ior1 wat] is sep>at$1 & aga9 out ( ! wat] ! e>?y elem5t1 & !n out ( ! e>?y elem5t1 "u ! effect ( ! awful cold are sep>at$ ! /ones4 ,aga9 at "s juncture masses ( /one1 ?r\gh ! mom5tum ( ! rotation1 are torn away sideways f ! e>? & ?r[n into ! realm ( ! hot light ,e!r2 !re 9 ! latt]'s fi]y elem5t !y are made to gl[ &1 c>ri$ along 9 ! e!real rotation1 !y irradiate light1 & z sun & />s illum9ate & w>m ! e>?1 9 h]self d>k & cold4 ,! :ole conception is ( a wond]ful d>+ & simplicity & has no?+ ( t clumsy & an?ropomorphical teleology1 :i* has be5 frequ5tly connect$ ) ! "n ( ,anaxagoras4 ,t conception has its greatness j 9 ?is1 t x d]ives ! :ole ,cosmos ( ,becom+ out ( ! mov$ circle1 :]eas ,p>m5ides contemplat$ ! true ,exi/5t z a re/+1 dead ball4 ,once t circle is put into motion & caus$ to roll by ! ,n\s1 !n all ! ord]1 law & beauty ( ! _w is ! natural consequ5ce ( t fir/ impetus4 ,h[ v mu* "o wrongs ,anaxagoras if "o reproa*es him = ! wise ab/5tion f teleology :i* %[s itself 9 ?is conception & talks scornfully ( 8 ,n\s z ( a deus ex ma*9a4 ,r1 on acc\nt ( ! elim9ation ( my?ological & !i/ic miracle-work+ & an?ropomorphic ends & utilities1 ,anaxagoras might h made use ( pr\d words simil> to ^? :i* ,kant us$ 9 8 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,heav5s4 ,= x is inde$ a sublime ?\ght1 to retrace t gr&eur ( ! cosmos & ! m>vell\s arrangem5t ( ! orbits ( ! />s1 to retrace all t1 9 all =ms to a simple1 purely me*anical motion &1 z x 71 to a mov$ ma!matical figure1 & !re=e n to r$uce all t to purposes & int]v5+ h&s ( a ma*9e-god1 b only to a k9d ( oscillation1 :i*1 hav+ once begun1 is 9 its progress necess>y & def9ite1 & effects result :i* resemble ! wise/ computation ( sagacity & extremely well ?\ght-out fitness )\t be+ any?+ ( ! sort4 ,i enjoy ! pleasure1 says ,kant1 ( see+ h[ a well-ord]$ :ole produces itself )\t ! assi/ance ( arbitr>y fabrications1 "u ! impulse ( fix$ laws ( motion--a well-ord]$ :ole :i* looks s simil> to t _w-sy/em :i* is ours1 t ,i _c ab/a9 f consid]+ x to be ! same4 ,x seems to me t "o might say "h1 9 a c]ta9 s5se )\t presumption3 ',give me matt] & ,i w build a _w out ( x4' #ah ,suppose n[1 t = once we all[ t primal mixture z rightly conclud$1 "s consid]ations especially f ,me*anics seem to oppose ! gr& plan ( ! _w edifice4 ,= ev5 ?\gh ! ,m9d at a po9t causes a circul> movem5t its cont9uation is only conceivable ) great difficulty1 especially s9ce x is to be inf9ite & gradually to make all exi/+ masses rotate4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse "o w\ld assume t ! pressure ( all ! rema9+ matt] w\ld h cru%$ out ?is small circul> movem5t :5 x _h sc>cely begun2 t ?is does n happ5 presupposes on ! "p ( ! /imulat+ ,n\s1 t ! latt] began to "w sudd5ly ) awful =ce1 or at any rate s quickly1 t we mu/ call ! motion a :irl3 su* a :irl z ,democritus himself imag9$4 ,& s9ce ?is :irl mu/ be inf9itely /rong 9 ord] n to be *eck$ ?r\gh ! :ole _w ( ! ,inf9ite weigh+ heavily ^u x1 x w be inf9itely quick1 = /r5g? c manife/ itself orig9ally only 9 spe$4 ,on ! contr>y ! broad] ! conc5tric r+s are1 ! sl[] w be ?is motion2 if once ! motion c\ld rea* ! end ( ! inf9itely ext5d$ _w1 !n ?is motion w\ld h already inf9itely little spe$ ( rotation4 ,vice v]sa1 if we conceive ( ! motion z inf9itely great1 i4e41 inf9itely quick1 at ! mom5t ( ! v fir/ beg9n+ ( motion1 !n ! orig9al circle mu/ h be5 inf9itely small2 we get !re=e z ! beg9n+ a p>ticle rotat$ r\nd itself1 a p>ticle ) an inf9itely small mat]ial cont5t4 ,?is h[ev] w\ld n at all expla9 ! fur!r motion2 "o might imag9e ev5 all p>ticles ( ! primal mass to rotate r\nd !mselves & yet ! :ole mass w\ld rema9 unmov$ & unsep>at$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 t mat]ial p>ticle ( inf9ite smallness1 caught & swung by ! ,n\s1 0 n turn$ r\nd itself b describ$ a circle some:at l>g] ?an a po9t1 ?is w\ld cause x to knock aga9/ o!r mat]ial p>ticles1 to move !m on1 to hurl !m1 to make !m reb\nd & ?us gradually to /ir up a great & spread+ tumult )9 :i*1 z ! next result1 t sep>ation ( ! arial masses f ! e!real _h to take place4 ,j z ! comm5cem5t ( ! motion itself is an arbitr>y act ( ! ,n\s1 arbitr>y also is ! mann] ( ?is comm5cem5t 9 s f> z ! fir/ motion circumscribes a circle ( :i* ! radius is *os5 some:at l>g] ?an a po9t4 #ai ,"h ( c\rse "o might ask1 :at fancy _h at t "t s sudd5ly occurr$ to ! ,n\s1 to knock aga9/ "s *ance mat]ial p>ticle out ( t numb] ( p>ticles & to turn x ar\nd 9 :irl+ dance & :y t did n occur to ,x e>li]4 ,:]eupon ,anaxagoras w\ld answ]3 ,! ,n\s has ! privilege ( arbitr>y action2 ,x may beg9 at any *ance "t1 ,x dep5ds on ,itself1 :]eas ev]y?+ else is det]m9$ f outside4 ,x has no duty1 & no end :i* ,x might be compell$ to pursue2 if ,x did once beg9 ) t motion & set ,itself an end1 ?is aft] all 0 only--! answ] is difficult1 ,h]aclitus w\ld say--play6 ,t seems always to h be5 ! la/ solution or answ] hov]+ on ! lips ( ! ,greek4 ,! ,anaxagorean ,m9d is an arti/ & 9 tru? ! mo/ p[]ful g5ius ( me*anics & ar*itecture1 creat+ ) ! simple/ means ! mo/ magnific5t =ms & tracks & z x 7 a mobile ar*itecture1 b always out ( t irrational arbitr>9ess :i* lies 9 ! s\l ( ! arti/4 ,x is z ?\gh ,anaxagoras 0 po9t+ at ,phidias & 9 face ( ! imm5se "w ( art1 ! ,cosmos1 0 call+ out to u z he w\ld d 9 front ( ! ,p>!non3 ,! ,becom+ is no moral1 b only an arti/ic ph5om5on4 ,ari/otle relates t1 to ! "q :at made life wor? liv+1 ,anaxagoras _h answ]$3 ,contemplat+ ! heav5s & ! total ord] ( ! ,cosmos4 ,he treat$ physical ?+s s devotionally1 & ) t same my/]i\s awe1 :i* we feel :5 /&+ 9 front ( an antique temple2 8 doctr9e became a species ( free-?9k+ religi\s ex]cise1 protect+ itself ?r\gh ! odi pr(anum vulgus et arceo & *oos+ its adh]5ts ) precaution out ( ! highe/ & noble/ society ( ,a!ns4 ,9 ! exclusive community ( ! ,a!nian ,anaxagoreans ! my?ology ( ! p 0 all[$ only z a symbolic language2 all my?s1 all gods1 all h]oes 7 consid]$ "h only z hi]oglyphics ( ! int]pretation ( nature1 & ev5 ! ,hom]ic epic 0 said to be ! canonic song ( ! sway ( ! ,n\s & ! /ruggles & laws ( ,nature4 ,"h & !re a note f ?is society ( sublime free-?9k]s p5etrat$ to ! p2 & especially ,euripides1 ! great & at all times d>+ ,euripides1 ev] ?9k+ ( some?+ new1 d>$ to let _m ?+s become kn[n by means ( ! tragic mask1 _m ?+s :i* pi]c$ l an arr[ ?r\gh ! s5ses ( ! masses & f :i* ! latt] fre$ !mselves only by means ( ludicr\s c>icatures & ridicul\s re-int]pretations4 ,! greate/ ( all ,anaxagoreans h[ev] is ,p]icles1 ! mightie/ & wor?ie/ man ( ! _w2 & ,plato be>s witness t ! philosophy ( ,anaxagoras alone _h giv5 t sublime flight to ! g5ius ( ,p]icles4 ,:5 z a public orator he /ood be=e 8 p1 9 ! beautiful rigidity & immobility ( a m>ble ,olympian & n[1 calm1 wrapp$ 9 8 mantle1 ) unruffl$ drap]y1 )\t any *ange ( facial expression1 )\t smile1 ) a voice ! /rong tone ( :i* rema9$ ev] ! same1 & :5 he n[ spoke 9 an absolutely un-,demo/h5ic b m]ely ,p]iclean fa%ion1 :5 he ?und]$1 /ruck ) lightn+s1 annihilat$ & r$eem$--!n he 0 ! epitome ( ! ,anaxagorean ,cosmos1 ! image ( ! ,n\s1 :o has built = ,itself ! mo/ beautiful & dignifi$ receptacle1 !n ,p]icles 0 z x 7 ! visible human inc>nation ( ! build+1 mov+1 elim9at+1 ord]+1 review+1 arti/ically-undet]m9$ =ce ( ! ,m9d4 ,anaxagoras himself said man 0 ! mo/ rational be+ or he mu/ necess>ily %elt] ! ,n\s )9 himself 9 great] fulness ?an all o!r be+s1 because he _h su* admirable organs z 8 h&s2 ,anaxagoras conclud$ !re=e1 t t ,n\s1 accord+ to ! ext5t to :i* ,x made ,itself ma/] ( a mat]ial body1 0 always =m+ = ,itself out ( ?is mat]ial ! tools correspond+ to ,its degree ( p[]1 consequ5tly ! ,n\s made ! mo/ beautiful & appropriate tools1 :5 ,x 0 appe>+ 9 8 greate/ fulness4 ,& z ! mo/ wondr\s & appropriate action ( ! ,n\s 0 t circul> primal-motion1 s9ce at t "t ! ,m9d 0 /ill toge!r1 undivid$1 9 ,itself1 ?us to ! li/5+ ,anaxagoras ! effect ( ! ,p]iclean spee* (t5 appe>$ p]haps z a simile ( t circul> primal-motion2 = "h too he p]ceiv$ a :irl ( ?\ghts mov+ itself at fir/ ) awful =ce b 9 an ord]ly mann]1 :i* 9 conc5tric circles gradually caught & c>ri$ away ! ne>e/ & f>!/ & :i*1 :5 x rea*$ its end1 _h re%ap$--organis+ & segregat+--! :ole nation4 ,to ! lat] philosoph]s ( antiquity ! way 9 :i* ,anaxagoras made use ( 8 ,n\s = ! int]pretation ( ! _w 0 /range1 inde$ sc>cely p>donable2 to !m x seem$ z ?\gh he _h f\nd a gr& tool b _h n well und]/ood x & !y tri$ to retrieve :at ! f9d] _h neglect$4 ,!y !re=e did n recognise :at mean+ ! ab/5tion ( ,anaxagoras1 inspir$ by ! pure/ _s ( ! me?od ( natural sci5ce1 _h1 & t ?is ab/5tion fir/ ( all 9 e case puts to itself ! "q3 ,:at is ! cause ( ,some?+8 7causa effici5s7--& n ,:at is ! purpose ( ,some?+8 7causa f9alis74 ,! ,n\s has n be5 dragg$ 9 by ,anaxagoras = ! purpose ( answ]+ ! special "q3 ,:at is ! cause ( motion & :at causes regul> motions82 ,plato h[ev] reproa*es him1 t he ought to h1 b _h n %[n t ev]y?+ 0 9 its own fa%ion & its own place ! mo/ beautiful1 ! be/ & ! mo/ appropriate4 ,b ?is ,anaxagoras w\ld n h d>$ to ass]t 9 any individual case1 to him ! exi/+ _w 0 n ev5 ! mo/ conceivably p]fect _w1 = he saw ev]y?+ orig9ate out ( ev]y?+1 & he f\nd ! segregation ( ! sub/ances ?r\gh ! ,n\s complete & done )1 nei!r at ! end ( ! fill$ space ( ! _w nor 9 ! individual be+s4 ,= 8 und]/&+ x 0 suffici5t t he _h f\nd a motion1 :i*1 by simple cont9u$ action c\ld create ! visible ord] out ( a *aos mix$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh2 & he took good c>e n to put ! "q z to ! ,:y8 ( ! motion1 z to ! rational purpose ( motion4 ,= if ! ,n\s _h to fulfil by means ( motion a purpose innate 9 ! n\m5al ess5ce1 !n x 0 no long] 9 ,its free w to comm5ce ! motion at any *ance "t2 9 s f> z ! ,n\s is et]nal1 ,x _h also to be det]m9$ et]nally by ?is purpose1 & !n no po9t ( "t c\ld h be5 all[$ to exi/ 9 :i* motion 0 /ill lack+1 inde$ x w\ld h be5 logically =bidd5 to assume a />t+ po9t = motion3 :]eby aga9 ! conception ( orig9al *aos1 ! basis ( ! :ole ,anaxagorean int]pretation ( ! _w w\ld likewise h become logically impossible4 ,9 ord] to escape su* difficulties1 :i* teleology creates1 ,anaxagoras _h always to emphasise & assev]ate t ! ,m9d has free w2 all ,its actions1 includ+ t ( ! primal motion1 7 actions ( ! free w1 :]eas on ! contr>y aft] t primeval mom5t ! :ole rema9+ _w 0 %ap+ itself 9 a /rictly det]m9$1 & m precisely1 me*anically det]m9$ =m4 ,t absolutely free w h[ev] c be conceiv$ only z purposeless1 some:at aft] ! fa%ion ( *ildr5's play or ! arti/'s b5t = play4 ,x is an error to ascribe to ,anaxagoras ! common confusion ( ! teleologi/1 :o1 m>vell+ at ! extraord9>y appropriat5ess1 at ! agreem5t ( ! p>ts ) ! :ole1 especially 9 ! realm ( ! organic1 assumes t t :i* exi/s = ! intellect _h also come into exi/5ce ?r\gh intellect1 & t t :i* man br+s ab\t only "u ! guidance ( ! idea ( purpose1 mu/ h be5 br\ght ab\t by ,nature ?r\gh reflection & ideas ( purpose4 7,s*op5hau]1 ,! ,_w ,z ,w ,& ,idea1 vol4 ii41 ,second ,book1 *ap4 #bf3 ,on ,teleology74 ,conceiv$ 9 ! mann] ( ,anaxagoras1 h[ev]1 ! ord] & appropriat5ess ( ?+s on ! contr>y is no?+ b ! imm$iate result ( a bl9d me*anical motion2 & only 9 ord] to cause ?is motion1 9 ord] to get = once out ( ! dead-re/ ( ! ,*aos1 ,anaxagoras assum$ ! free-will$ ,n\s :o dep5ds only on ,itself4 ,he appreciat$ 9 ! ,n\s j ! v quality ( be+ a ?+ ( *ance1 a *ance ag5t1 !re=e ( be+ able to act uncondition$1 undet]m9$1 guid$ nei!r by causes nor by purposes4 ,notes = a ,cont9uation 7,e>ly ,"p ( #ahgc7 #a ,t ?is total conception ( ! ,anaxagorean doctr9e mu/ be "r1 is prov$ mo/ cle>ly by ! way 9 :i* ! successors ( ,anaxagoras1 ! ,agrig5t9e ,emp$ocles & ! atomic tea*] ,democritus 9 _! c\nt]-sy/ems actually criticis$ & improv$ t doctr9e4 ,! me?od ( ?is critique is m ?an any?+ a cont9u$ r5unciation 9 t _s ( natural sci5ce m5tion$ above1 ! law ( economy appli$ to ! int]pretation ( nature4 ,t hypo!sis1 :i* expla9s ! exi/+ _w ) ! smalle/ exp5diture ( assumptions & means is to h pref]5ce3 = 9 su* a hypo!sis is to be f\nd ! lea/ am\nt ( arbitr>9ess1 & 9 x free play ) possibilities is prohibit$4 ,%\ld !re be two hypo!ses :i* bo? expla9 ! _w1 !n a /rict te/ mu/ be appli$ z to :i* ( ! two bett] satisfies t dem& ( economy4 ,he :o c manage ?is explanation ) ! simpl] & m kn[n =ces1 especially ! me*anical ones1 he :o d$uces ! exi/+ edifice ( ! _w out ( ! smalle/ possible numb] ( =ces1 w always be pref]r$ to him :o all[s ! m complicat$ & less-kn[n =ces1 & ^! moreov] 9 great] numb]1 to c>ry on a _w-creat+ play4 ,s !n we see ,emp$ocles endeav\r+ to remove ! sup]fluity ( hypo!ses f ! doctr9e ( ,anaxagoras4 ,! fir/ hypo!sis :i* falls z unnecess>y is t ( ! ,anaxagorean ,n\s1 = its assumption is mu* too complex to expla9 any?+ s simple z motion4 ,aft] all x is only necess>y to expla9 ! two k9ds ( motion3 ! motion ( a body t[>ds ano!r1 & ! motion away f ano!r4 #b ,if our pres5t ,becom+ is a segregat+1 al?\gh n a complete "o1 !n ,emp$ocles asks3 :at prev5ts complete segregation8 ,evid5tly a =ce works aga9/ x1 i4e41 a lat5t motion ( attraction4 ,fur!r3 9 ord] to expla9 t ,*aos1 a =ce mu/ already h be5 at "w2 a movem5t is necess>y to br+ ab\t ?is complicat$ entanglem5t4 ,!re=e p]iodical prepond]ance ( ! "o & ! o!r =ce is c]ta94 ,!y are opposites4 ,! =ce ( attraction is /ill at "w2 = o!rwise !re w\ld be no ,?+s at all1 ev]y?+ w\ld be segregat$4 ,?is is ! actual fact3 two k9ds ( motion4 ,! ,n\s does n expla9 !m4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,love & ,hatr$2 inde$ we c]ta9ly see t ^! move z well z t ! ,n\s moves4 ,n[ ! conception ( ! primal /ate und]goes a *ange3 x is ! mo/ bless$4 ,) ,anaxagoras x 0 ! *aos be=e ! ar*itectural "w1 ! heap ( /ones z x 7 ^u ! build+ site4 #c ,emp$ocles _h conceiv$ ! ?\ght ( a tang5tial =ce orig9at$ by revolution & work+ aga9/ gravity 7de coelo1 i41 p4 #bhd71 ,s*op5hau]1 ,w4 ,a4 ,w41 ii4 #cij4 ,he consid]$ ! cont9uation ( ! circul> movem5t accord+ to ,anaxagoras impossible4 ,x w\ld result 9 a :irl1 i4e41 ! contr>y ( ord]$ motion4 ,if ! p>ticles 7 inf9itely mix$1 pell-mell1 !n "o w\ld be able to break asund] ! bodies )\t any ex]tion ( p[]1 !y w\ld n coh]e or hold toge!r1 !y w\ld be z du/4 ,! =ces1 :i* press ! atoms aga9/ "o ano!r1 & :i* give /ability to ! mass1 ,emp$ocles calls ,love4 ,x is a molecul> =ce1 a con/itutive =ce ( ! bodies4 #d ,aga9/ ,anaxagoras4 #a4 ,! ,*aos already presupposes motion4 #b4 ,no?+ prev5t$ ! complete segregation4 #c4 ,our bodies w\ld be du/-=ms4 ,h[ c motion exi/1 if !re are n c\nt]-motions 9 all bodies8 #d4 ,an ord]$ p]man5t circul> motion impossible2 only a :irl4 ,he assumes ! :irl itself to be an effect ( ! 4--4 ,h[ d di/ant ?+s op]ate on "o ano!r1 sun ^u e>?8 ,if ev]y?+ 7 /ill 9 a :irl1 t w\ld be impossible4 ,!re=e at lea/ two mov+ p[]s3 :i* mu/ be inh]5t 9 ,?+s4 #e4 ,:y inf9ite 8 ,transgression ( exp]i5ce4 ,anaxagoras meant ! *emical atoms4 ,emp$ocles tri$ ! assumption ( f\r k9ds ( *emical atoms4 ,he took ! aggregate /ates to be ess5tial1 & heat to be co-ord9at$4 ,!re=e ! aggregate /ates ?r\gh repulsion & attraction2 matt] 9 f\r =ms4 #f4 ,! p]iodical pr9ciple is necess>y4 #g4 ,) ! liv+ be+s ,emp$ocles w also deal /ill on ! same pr9ciple4 ,"h also he d5ies purposiv5ess4 ,8 greate/ de$4 ,) ,anaxagoras a dualism4 #e ,! symbolism ( sexual love4 ,"h z 9 ! ,platonic fable ! long+ aft] ,on5ess %[s itself1 & "h1 likewise1 is %[n t once a great] unity already exi/$2 7 ?is great] unity e/abli%$1 !n ?is w\ld aga9 /rive aft] a /ill great] "o4 ,! conviction ( ! unity ( ev]y?+ liv+ gu>antees t once !re 0 an imm5se ,liv+ ,some?+1 ( :i* we are pieces2 t is probably ! ,sphairos itself4 ,he is ! mo/ bless$ deity4 ,ev]y?+ 0 connect$ only ?r\gh love1 !re=e 9 ! highe/ degree appropriate4 ,love has be5 torn to pieces & spl9t]$ by hatr$1 love has be5 divid$ into h] elem5ts & kill$--b]eft ( life4 ,9 ! :irl no liv+ individuals orig9ate4 ,ev5tually ev]y?+ is segregat$ & n[ our p]iod beg9s4 7,he opposes ! ,anaxagorean ,primal ,mixture by a ,primal ,discord47 ,love1 bl9d z %e is1 ) furi\s ha/e aga9 ?r[s ! elem5ts "o aga9/ ano!r endeav\r+ to see :e!r %e c br+ !m back to life aga9 or n4 ,"h & !re %e is successful4 ,x cont9ues4 ,a pres5tim5t orig9ates 9 ! liv+ be+s1 t !y are to /rive aft] /ill high] unions ?an home & ! primal /ate4 ,eros4 ,x is a t]rible crime to kill life1 = !reby "o works back to ! ,primal ,discord4 ,"s day ev]y?+ w be aga9 "o s+le life1 ! mo/ blissful /ate4 ,! ,py?agorean-orphean doctr9e re-int]pret$ 9 ! mann] ( natural sci5ce4 ,emp$ocles consci\sly ma/]s bo? means ( expression1 !re=e he is ! fir/ rhetor4 ,political aims4 ,! d\ble-nature--! agonal & ! lov+1 ! compassionate4 ,attempt ( ! ,hell5ic total re=m4 ,all inorganic matt] has orig9at$ out ( organic1 x is dead organic matt]4 ,corpse & man4 #f ,,democritus ,! greate/ possible simplification ( ! hypo!ses4 #a4 ,!re is motion1 !re=e vacuum1 !re=e a ,non-,exi/5t4 ,?9k+ is motion4 #b4 ,if !re is a ,non-,exi/5t x mu/ be indivisible1 i4e41 absolutely fill$4 ,division is only explicable 9 case ( empty spaces & pores4 ,! ,non-,exi/5t alone is an absolutely por\s ?+4 #c4 ,! second>y qualities ( matt]1 1 n ( ,matt]-,9-,itself4 #d4 ,e/abli%m5t ( ! prim>y qualities ( ! 4 ,:]e9 homog5e\s1 :]e9 het]og5e\s8 #e4 ,! aggregate-/ates ( ,emp$ocles 7f\r elem5ts7 presuppose only ! homog5e\s atoms1 !y !mselves _c !re=e be 4 #f4 ,motion is connect$ indissolubly ) ! atoms1 effect ( gravity4 ,epicur4 ,critique3 :at does gravity signify 9 an inf9ite vacuum8 #g4 ,?9k+ is ! motion ( ! fire-atoms4 ,s\l1 life1 p]ceptions ( ! s5ses4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,value ( mat]ialism & its emb>rassm5t4 ,plato & ,democritus4 ,! h]mit-l homeless noble se>*] = tru?4 ,democritus & ! ,py?agoreans toge!r f9d ! basis ( natural sci5ces4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,:at are ! causes :i* h int]rupt$ a fl\ri%+ sci5ce ( exp]im5tal physics 9 antiquity aft] ,democritus8 #g ,anaxagoras has tak5 f ,h]aclitus ! idea t 9 e ,becom+ & 9 e ,be+ ! opposites are toge!r4 ,he felt /rongly ! contradiction t a body has _m qualities & he pulv]is$ x 9 ! belief t he _h n[ dissolv$ x into its true qualities4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,plato3 fir/ ,h]aclitean1 lat] ,sceptic3 ,ev]y?+1 ev5 ,?9k+1 is 9 a /ate ( flux4 ,br\ght ?r\gh ,socrates to ! p]man5ce ( ! good1 ! beautiful4 ,^! assum$ z entitative4 ,all g5]ic ideals p>take ( ! idea ( ! good1 ! beautiful1 & !y too are !re=e entitative1 be+ 7z ! s\l p>takes ( ! idea ( ,life74 ,! idea is =mless4 ,?r\gh ,py?agoras' metempsy*osis has be5 answ]$ ! "q3 h[ we c "k any?+ ab\t ! ideas4 ,plato's end3 scepticism 9 ,p>m5ides4 ,refutation ( ideology4 #h ,,conclusion ,greek ?\ght dur+ ! tragic age is pessimi/ic or arti/ically optimi/ic4 ,_! judgm5t ab\t life implies m4 ,! ,"o1 flight f ! ,becom+4 ,aut unity1 aut arti/ic play4 ,deep di/ru/ ( reality3 nobody assumes a good god1 :o has made ev]y?+ optime4 ,py?agoreans1 religi\s sect4 ,anaxim&]4 ,emp$ocles4 ,eleates4 ,anaxagoras4 ,h]aclitus4 ,democritus3 ! _w )\t moral & /hetic mean+1 pessimism ( *ance4 ,if "o plac$ a trag$y be=e all ^!1 ! ?ree =m] w\ld see 9 x ! mirror ( ! fatality ( exi/5ce1 ,p>m5ides a transitory appe>ance1 ,h]aclitus & ,anaxagoras an arti/ic edifice & image ( ! _w-laws1 ,democritus ! result ( ma*9es4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,) ,socrates ,optimism beg9s1 an optimism no long] arti/ic1 ) teleology & fai? 9 ! good god2 fai? 9 ! enlight5$ good man4 ,dissolution ( ! in/9cts1 ,socrates breaks ) ! hi!rto prevail+ k & culture2 he int5ds return+ to ! old citiz5-virtue & to ! ,/ate4 ,plato dissociates himself f ! ,/ate1 :5 he obs]ves t ! ,/ate has become id5tical ) ! new ,culture4 ,! ,socratic scepticism is a weapon aga9/ ! hi!rto prevail+ culture & k4 ,,on ,,tru? ,,& ,,falsity ,,9 ,,_! ,,ultramoral ,,s5se 7#ahgc7 ,9 "s remote corn] ( ! univ]se1 effus$ into innum]able sol>-sy/ems1 !re 0 once a /> ^u :i* clev] animals inv5t$ cognition4 ,x 0 ! haughtie/1 mo/ m5daci\s mom5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is _w1 b yet only a mom5t4 ,aft] ,nature _h tak5 brea? a:ile ! /> congeal$ & ! clev] animals _h to die4--,someone might write a fable aft] ?is /yle1 & yet he w\ld n h illu/rat$ suffici5tly1 h[ wret*$12 %ad[-l1 transitory1 purposeless & fanciful ! human intellect appe>s 9 ,nature4 ,!re 7 et]nities dur+ :i* ?is intellect did n exi/1 & :5 x has once m pass$ away !re w be no?+ to %[ t x has exi/$4 ,= ?is intellect is n conc]n$ ) any fur!r mission transc5d+ ! sph]e ( human life4 ,no1 x is purely human & none b its own] & procreator reg>ds x s pa!tically z to suppose t ! _w revolves ar\nd x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we & ! gnat c\ld und]/& ea* o!r we %\ld le>n t ev5 ! gnat swims ?r\gh ! air ) ! same pa?os1 & feels )9 itself ! fly+ c5tre ( ! _w4 ,no?+ 9 ,nature is s bad or s insignificant t x w n1 at ! smalle/ puff ( t =ce cognition1 imm$iately swell up l a balloon1 & j z a m]e port] wants to h 8 admir]1 s ! v pr\de/ man1 ! philosoph]1 imag9es he sees f all sides ! eyes ( ! univ]se telescopically direct$ ^u 8 actions & ?\ghts4 ,x is rem>kable t ?is is accompli%$ by ! intellect1 :i* aft] all has be5 giv5 to ! mo/ un=tunate1 ! mo/ delicate1 ! mo/ transi5t be+s only z an exp$i5t1 9 ord] to deta9 !m = a mom5t 9 exi/5ce1 f :i* )\t t extra-gift !y w\ld h e cause to flee z swiftly z ,less+'s son4#a ,t haught9ess connect$ ) cognition & s5sation1 spread+ bl9d+ fogs be=e ! eyes & ov] ! s5ses ( m51 deceives itself !re=e z to ! value ( exi/5ce ow+ to ! fact t x be>s )9 itself ! mo/ flatt]+ evaluation ( cognition4 ,its mo/ g5]al effect is deception2 b ev5 its mo/ p>ticul> effects h some?+ ( deception 9 _! nature4 ,! intellect1 z a means = ! pres]vation ( ! individual1 develops its *ief p[] 9 dissimulation2 = x is by dissimulation t ! feebl]1 & less robu/ individuals pres]ve !mselves1 s9ce x has be5 d5i$ !m to fight ! battle ( exi/5ce ) horns or ! %>p tee? ( bea/s ( prey4 ,9 man ?is art ( dissimulation rea*es its acme ( p]fection3 9 him deception1 flatt]y1 falsehood & fraud1 sl&]1 display1 pret5ti\sness1 disguise1 cloak+ conv5tion1 & act+ to o!rs & to himself 9 %ort1 ! cont9ual flutt]+ to & fro ar\nd ! "o flame--,vanity3 all ^! ?+s are s mu* ! rule1 & ! law1 t few ?+s are m incompreh5sible ?an ! way 9 :i* an hone/ & pure impulse to tru? c\ld h aris5 among m54 ,!y are deeply imm]s$ 9 illusions & dream-fancies2 _! eyes glance only ov] ! surface ( ?+s & see =ms2 _! s5sation n[h]e leads to tru?1 b cont5ts itself ) receiv+ /imuli &1 s to say1 ) play+ hide-&-seek on ! back ( ?+s4 ,9 addition to t1 at night man all[s 8 dreams to lie to him a :ole life-"t long1 )\t 8 moral s5se ev] try+ to prev5t !m2 :]eas m5 are said to exi/ :o by ! ex]cise ( a /rong w h ov]come ! habit ( snor+4 ,:at inde$ does man "k ab\t himself8 ,oh6 t he c\ld b once see himself complete1 plac$ z x 7 9 an illum9at$ glass-case6 ,does n nature keep secret f him mo/ ?+s1 ev5 ab\t 8 body1 e4g41 ! convolutions ( ! inte/9es1 ! quick fl[ ( ! blood-curr5ts1 ! intricate vibrations ( ! fibres1 s z to bani% & lock him up 9 pr\d1 delusive k8 ,nature ?rew away ! key2 & woe co ! fateful curiosity :i* might be able = a mom5t to look out & d[n ?r\gh a crevice 9 ! *amb] ( consci\sness1 & discov] t man1 indiff]5t to 8 own ignorance1 is re/+ on ! pitiless1 ! gre$y1 ! insatiable1 ! murd]\s1 &1 z x 71 hang+ 9 dreams on ! back ( a tig]4 ,:5ce1 9 ! wide _w1 ) ?is /ate ( affairs1 arises ! impulse to tru?8 ,z f> z ! individual tries to pres]ve himself aga9/ o!r individuals1 9 ! natural /ate ( ?+s he uses ! intellect 9 mo/ cases only = dissimulation2 s9ce1 h[ev]1 man bo? f necessity & bor$om wants to exi/ socially & greg>i\sly1 he mu/ ne$s make peace & at lea/ endeav\r to cause ! greate/ bellum omnium contra omnes to disappe> f 8 _w4 ,?is fir/ conclusion ( peace br+s ) x a some?+ :i* looks l ! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( t enigmatical b5t = tru?4 ,= t :i* h5ce=? is to be tru? is n[ fix$2 t is to say1 a uni=mly valid & b9d+ designation ( ?+s is inv5t$ & ! legislature ( language also gives ! fir/ laws ( tru?3 s9ce "h1 = ! fir/ "t1 orig9ates ! contra/ betwe5 tru? & falsity4 ,! li> uses ! valid designations1 ! words1 9 ord] to make ! unreal appe> z real2 e4g41 he says1 ,i am ri*1 :]eas ! "r designation = 8 /ate w\ld be poor4 ,he abuses ! fix$ conv5tions by conv5i5t sub/itution or ev5 inv]sion ( t]ms4 ,if he does ?is 9 a selfi% & moreov] h>mful fa%ion1 society w no long] tru/ him b w ev5 exclude him4 ,9 ?is way m5 avoid n s mu* be+ defraud$1 b be+ injur$ by fraud4 ,at bottom1 at ?is juncture too1 !y hate n deception1 b ! evil1 ho/ile consequ5ces ( c]ta9 species ( deception4 ,& x is 9 a simil>ly limit$ s5se only t man desires tru?3 he covets ! agreeable1 life-pres]v+ consequ5ces ( tru?2 he is indiff]5t t[>ds pure1 ineffective k2 he is ev5 inimical t[>ds tru?s :i* possibly might prove h>mful or de/roy+4 ,&1 moreov]1 :at aft] all are ^? conv5tions op language8 ,are !y possibly products ( k1 ( ! love ( tru?2 d ! designations & ! ?+s co9cide8 ,is language ! adequate expression ( all realities8 ,only by means ( =getfulness c man ev] arrive at imag9+ t he possesses tru? 9 t degree j indicat$4 ,if he does n mean to cont5t himself ) tru? 9 ! %ape ( tautology1 t is1 ) empty husks1 he w always obta9 illusions in/ead ( tru?4 ,:at is a ^w8 ,! expression ( a n]ve-/imulus 9 s\nds4 ,b to inf] a cause outside u f ! n]ve-/imulus is already ! result ( a wrong & unju/ifiable application ( ! proposition ( causality4 ,h[ %\ld we d>e1 if tru? ) ! g5esis ( language1 if ! po9t ( view ( c]ta9ty ) ! designations _h alone be5 decisive2 h[ inde$ %\ld we d>e to say3 ! /one is h>d2 z if h>d 0 kn[n to u o!rwise2 & n m]ely z an entirely subjective /imulus6 ,we divide ?+s accord+ to g5d]s2 we designate ! tree z mascul9e1#b ! plant z fem99e3#c :at arbitr>y metaphors6 ,h[ f> fl[n beyond ! canon ( c]ta9ty6 ,we speak ( a s]p5t2#d ! designation fits no?+ b ! s9uosity1 & c\ld !re=e also app]ta9 to ! worm4 ,:at arbitr>y dem>cations6 :at "o-sid$ pref]5ces giv5 sometimes to ?is1 sometimes to t quality ( a ?+6 ,! diff]5t languages plac$ side by side %[ t ) words tru? or adequate expression matt]s little3 = o!rwise !re w\ld n be s _m languages4 ,! ,?+-9-itself 7x is j ?is :i* w\ld be ! pure ineffective tru?7 is also q incompreh5sible to ! creator ( language & n wor? mak+ any great endeav\r to obta94 ,he designates only ! relations ( ?+s to m5 & = _! expression he calls to 8 help ! mo/ d>+ metaphors4 ,a n]ve-/imulus1 fir/ trans=m$ into a p]cept6 ,fir/ metaphor6 ,! p]cept aga9 copi$ into a s\nd6 ,second metaphor6 ,& ea* "t he leaps completely out ( "o sph]e "r into ! mid/ ( an entirely diff]5t "o4 ,"o c imag9e a man :o is q deaf & has nev] _h a s5sation ( tone & ( music2 j z ?is man w possibly m>vel at ,*ladni's s\nd figures 9 ! s&1 w discov] _! cause 9 ! vibrations ( ! /r+1 & w !n proclaim t n[ he kn[s :at man calls tone2 ev5 s does x happ5 to u all ) language4 ,:5 we talk ab\t trees1 col\rs1 sn[ & fl[]s1 we believe we "k some?+ ab\t ! ?+s !mselves1 & yet we only possess metaphors ( ! ?+s1 & ^! metaphors d n 9 ! lea/ correspond to ! orig9al ess5tials4 ,j z ! s\nd %[s itself z a s&-figure1 9 ! same way ! enigmatical x ( ! ,?+-9-itself is se5 fir/ z n]ve-/imulus1 !n z p]cept1 & f9ally z s\nd4 ,at any rate ! g5esis ( language did n !re=e proce$ on logical l9es1 & ! :ole mat]ial 9 :i* & ) :i* ! man ( tru?1 ! inve/igator1 ! philosoph] works & builds1 orig9ates1 if n f ,nephelococcygia1 cl\d-l&1 at any rate n f ! ess5ce ( ?+s4 ,let u especially ?9k ab\t ! =mation ( ideas4 ,e ^w becomes at once an idea n by hav+1 z "o might presume1 to s]ve z a rem9d] = ! orig9al exp]i5ce happ5+ b once & absolutely individualis$1 to :i* exp]i5ce su* ^w owes its orig91 no1 b by hav+ simultane\sly to fit innum]able1 m or less simil> 7:i* really means nev] equal1 !re=e altoge!r unequal7 cases4 ,e idea orig9ates ?r\gh equat+ ! unequal4 ,z c]ta9ly z no "o leaf is exactly simil> to any o!r1 s c]ta9 is x t ! idea leaf has be5 =m$ ?r\gh an arbitr>y omission ( ^! individual diff]5ces1 ?r\gh a =gett+ ( ! diff]5tiat+ qualities1 & ?is idea n[ awak5s ! notion t 9 nature !re is1 besides ! leaves1 a some?+ call$ ! leaf1 p]haps a primal =m accord+ to :i* all leaves 7 wov51 drawn1 accurately measur$1 col\r$1 cr9kl$1 pa9t$1 b by unskill$ h&s1 s t no copy _h turn$ out correct & tru/wor?y z a true copy ( ! primal =m4 ,we call a man hone/2 we ask1 :y has he act$ s hone/ly to-day8 ,our cu/om>y answ] runs1 ,on acc\nt ( 8 hone/y4 ,! ,hone/y6 ,t means aga93 ! leaf is ! cause ( ! leaves4 ,we really & truly d n "k any?+ at all ab\t an ess5tial quality :i* might be call$ ! hone/y1 b we d "k ab\t num]\s individualis$1 & !re=e unequal actions1 :i* we equate by omission ( ! unequal1 & n[ designate z hone/ actions2 f9ally out ( !m we =mulate a qualitas occulta ) ! "n ,hone/y4 ,! disreg>d+ ( ! individual & real furni%es u ) ! idea1 z x likewise also gives u ! =m2 :]eas nature kn[s ( no =ms & ideas1 & !re=e kn[s no species b only an x1 to u inaccessible & indef9able4 ,= our anti!sis ( individual & species is an?ropomorphic too & does n come f ! ess5ce ( ?+s1 al?\gh on ! o!r h& we d n d>e to say t x does n correspond to x2 = t w\ld be a dogmatic ass]tion & z su* j z undemon/rable z its contr>y4 ,:at !re=e is tru?8 ,a mobile army ( metaphors1 metonymies1 an?ropomorphisms3 9 %ort a sum ( human relations :i* became poetically & rhetorically int5sifi$1 metamorphos$1 adorn$1 & aft] long usage seem to a nation fix$1 canonic & b9d+2 tru?s are illusions ( :i* "o has =gott5 t !y are illusions2 worn-out metaphors :i* h become p[]less to affect ! s5ses2 co9s :i* h _! obv]se effac$ & n[ are no long] ( acc\nt z co9s b m]ely z metal4 ,/ill we d n yet "k :5ce ! impulse to tru? comes1 = up to n[ we h he>d only ab\t ! obligation :i* society imposes 9 ord] to exi/3 to be tru?ful1 t is1 to use ! usual metaphors1 !re=e express$ morally3 we h he>d only ab\t ! obligation to lie accord+ to a fix$ conv5tion1 to lie greg>i\sly 9 a /yle b9d+ = all4 ,n[ man ( c\rse =gets t matt]s are go+ ?us ) him2 he !re=e lies 9 t fa%ion po9t$ out unconsci\sly & accord+ to habits ( c5turies' /&+--& by ?is v unconsci\sness1 by ?is v =gett+1 he arrives at a s5se = tru?4 ,?r\gh ?is feel+ ( be+ oblig$ to designate "o ?+ z r$1 ano!r z cold1 a ?ird "o z dumb1 awakes a moral emotion relat+ to tru?4 ,out ( ! anti!sis li> :om nobody tru/s1 :om all exclude1 man demon/rates to himself ! v5]abl5ess1 reliability1 usefulness ( tru?4 ,n[ z a rational be+ he submits 8 actions to ! sway ( ab/ractions2 he no long] suff]s himself to be c>ri$ away by sudd5 impressions1 by s5sations1 he fir/ g5]alises all ^! impressions into pal]1 cool] ideas1 9 ord] to atta* to !m ! %ip ( 8 life & actions4 ,ev]y?+ :i* makes man /& out 9 bold relief aga9/ ! animal dep5ds on ?is faculty ( volatilis+ ! concrete metaphors into a s*ema1 & !re=e resolv+ a p]ception into an idea4 ,= )9 ! range ( ^? s*emata a some?+ becomes possible t nev] c\ld succe$ "u ! fir/ p]ceptual impressions3 to build up a pyramidal ord] ) ca/es & grades1 to create a new _w ( laws1 privileges1 sub-ord]s1 delimitations1 :i* n[ /&s opposite ! o!r p]ceptual _w ( fir/ impressions & assumes ! appe>ance ( be+ ! m fix$1 g5]al1 kn[n1 human ( ! two & !re=e ! regulat+ & imp]ative "o4 ,:]eas e metaphor ( p]ception is individual & )\t its equal & !re=e kn[s h[ to escape all attempts to classify x1 ! great edifice ( ideas %[s ! rigid regul>ity ( a ,roman ,columb>ium & 9 logic brea!s =? ! /]nness & coolness :i* we f9d 9 ma!matics4 ,he :o has be5 brea!d ^u by ?is coolness w sc>cely believe1 t ! idea too1 bony & hexa-h$ral1 & p]mutable z a die1 rema9s h[ev] only z ! residuum ( a metaphor1 & t ! illusion ( ! arti/ic metamorphosis ( a n]ve-/imulus into p]cepts is1 if n ! "m1 !n ! gr&-"m ( e idea4 ,n[ 9 ?is game ( dice1 ,tru? means to use e die z x is designat$1 to c\nt its po9ts c>efully1 to =m exact classifications1 & nev] lo violate ! ord] ( ca/es & ! sequ5ces ( rank4 ,j z ! ,romans & ,etruscans = _! b5efit cut up ! sky by means ( /rong ma!matical l9es & bann$ a god z x 7 into a templum1 into a space limit$ 9 ?is fa%ion1 s e nation has above its head su* a sky ( ideas divid$ up ma!matically1 & x und]/&s ! dem& = tru? to mean t e conceptual god is to be look$ = only 9 8 own sph]e4 ,"o may "h well admire man1 :o succe$$ 9 pil+ up an inf9itely complex dome ( ideas on a movable f\ndation & z x 7 on runn+ wat]1 z a p[]ful g5ius ( ar*itecture4 ,( c\rse 9 ord] to obta9 hold on su* a f\ndation x mu/ be z an edifice pil$ up out ( cobwebs1 s fragile1 z to be c>ri$ away by ! waves3 s firm1 z n to be bl[n asund] by e w9d4 ,9 ?is way man z an ar*itectural g5ius rises high above ! bee2 %e builds ) wax1 :i* %e br+s toge!r out ( nature2 he ) ! mu* m delicate mat]ial ( ideas1 :i* he mu/ fir/ manufacture )9 himself4 ,he is v mu* to be admir$ "h--b n on acc\nt ( 8 impulse = tru?1 8 b5t = pure cognition ( ?+s4 ,if somebody hides a ?+ beh9d a bu%1 seeks x aga9 & f9ds x 9 ! self-same place1 !n !re is n mu* to boa/ (1 respect+ ?is seek+ & f9d+2 ?us1 h[ev]1 matt]s /& ) ! seek+ & f9d+ ( tru? )9 ! realm ( reason4 ,if ,i make ! def9ition ( ! mammal & !n decl>e aft] inspect+ a camel1 ,behold a mammal1 !n no d\bt a tru? is br\ght to light !reby1 b x is ( v limit$ value1 ,i mean x is an?ropomorphic ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 & does n conta9 "o s+le po9t :i* is true-9-itself1 real & univ]sally valid1 ap>t f man4 ,! seek] aft] su* tru?s seeks at ! bottom only ! metamorphosis ( ! _w 9 man1 he /rives = an und]/&+ ( ! _w z a human-l ?+ & by 8 battl+ ga9s at be/ ! feel+ ( an assimilation4 ,simil>ly1 z ! a/rolog] contemplat$ ! />s 9 ! s]vice ( man & 9 connection ) _! happ9ess & unhapp9ess1 su* a seek] contemplates ! :ole _w z relat$ to man1 z ! inf9itely protract$ e*o ( an orig9al s\nd3 man2 z ! multipli$ copy ( ! "o ar*-type3 man4 ,8 proc$ure is to apply man z ! measure ( all ?+s1 :]eby he />ts f ! error ( believ+ t he has ^! ?+s imm$iately be=e him z pure objects4 ,he !re=e =gets t ! orig9al metaphors ( p]ception are metaphors1 & takes !m = ! ?+s !mselves4 ,only by =gett+ t primitive _w ( metaphors1 only by ! congelation & coagulation ( an orig9al mass ( similes & p]cepts p\r+ =? z a fi]y liquid out ( ! primal faculty ( human fancy1 only by ! inv9cible fai?1 t ?is sun1 ?is w9d[1 ?is table is a tru? 9 itself3 9 %ort only by ! fact t man =gets himself z subject1 & :at is m z an arti/ically creat+ subject3 only by all ?is does he live ) "s repose1 safety & consequ5ce4 ,if he 7 able to get out ( ! prison walls ( ?is fai?1 ev5 = an in/ant only1 8 self-consci\sness w\ld be de/roy$ at once4 ,already x co/s him "s tr\ble to admit to himself t ! insect & ! bird p]ceive a _w diff]5t f 8 own1 & t ! "q1 :i* ( ! two _w-p]ceptions is m accurate1 is q a s5seless "o1 s9ce to decide ?is "q x w\ld be necess>y to apply ! /&>d ( "r p]ception1 i4e41 to apply a /&>d :i* does n exi/4 ,on ! :ole x seems to me t ! "r p]ception--:i* w\ld mean ! adequate expression ( an object 9 ! subject--is a non5tity full ( contradictions3 = betwe5 two utt]ly diff]5t sph]es1 z betwe5 subject & object1 !re is no causality1 no accuracy1 no expression1 b at ! utmo/ an /hetical relation1 ,i mean a sugge/ive metamorphosis1 a /amm]+ translation into q a di/9ct =eign language1 = :i* purpose h[ev] !re is ne$$ at any rate an int]m$iate sph]e1 an int]m$iate =ce1 freely compos+ & freely inv5t+4 ,! ^w ph5om5on conta9s _m s$uctions1 & on t acc\nt ,i avoid x z mu* z possible1 = x is n true t ! ess5ce ( ?+s appe>s 9 ! empiric _w4 ,a pa9t] :o _h no h&s & want$ to express ! picture di/9ctly pres5t to 8 m9d by ! ag5cy ( song1 w\ld /ill reveal mu* m ) ?is p]mutation ( sph]es1 ?an ! empiric _w reveals ab\t ! ess5ce ( ?+s4 ,! v relation ( a n]ve-/imulus to ! produc$ p]cept is 9 itself no necess>y "o2 b if ! same p]cept has be5 reproduc$ millions ( times & has be5 ! inh]itance ( _m successive g5]ations ( man1 & 9 ! end appe>s ea* "t to all mank9d z ! result ( ! same cause1 !n x atta9s f9ally = man ! same importance z if x 7 ! unique1 necess>y p]cept & z if t relation betwe5 ! orig9al n]ve-/imulus & ! p]cept produc$ 7 a close relation ( causality3 j z a dream et]nally repeat$1 w\ld be p]ceiv$ & judg$ z ?\gh real4 ,b ! congelation & coagulation ( a metaphor does n at all gu>antee ! necessity & exclusive ju/ification ( t metaphor4 ,surely e human be+ :o is at home ) su* contemplations has felt a deep di/ru/ aga9/ any idealism ( t k9d1 z (t5 z he has di/9ctly conv9c$ himself ( ! et]nal rigidity1 omni-pres5ce1 & infallibility ( nature's laws3 he has arriv$ at ! conclusion t z f> z we c p5etrate ! heights ( ! telescopic & ! dep?s ( ! microscopic _w1 ev]y?+ is q secure1 complete1 inf9ite1 det]m9$1 & cont9u\s4 ,sci5ce w h to dig 9 ^! %afts et]nally & successfully & all ?+s f\nd are sure to h to h>monise & n to contradict "o ano!r4 ,h[ little does ?is resemble a product ( fancy1 = if x 7 "o x w\ld necess>ily betray some:]e its nature ( appe>ance & unreality4 ,aga9/ ?is x may be object$ 9 ! fir/ place t if ea* ( u _h = himself a diff]5t s5sibility1 if we ourselves 7 only able to p]ceive sometimes z a bird1 sometimes z a worm1 sometimes z a plant1 or if "o ( u saw ! same /imulus z r$1 ano!r z blue1 if a ?ird p]son ev5 p]ceiv$ x z a tone1 !n nobody w\ld talk ( su* an ord]l9ess ( nature1 b w\ld conceive ( h] only z an extremely subjective /ructure4 ,secondly1 :at is1 = u 9 g5]al1 a law ( nature8 ,x is n kn[n 9 itself b only 9 its effects1 t is to say 9 its relations to o!r laws ( nature1 :i* aga9 are kn[n to u only z sums ( relations4 ,!re=e all ^! relations ref] only "o to ano!r & are absolutely incompreh5sible to u 9 _! ess5ce2 only t :i* we add3 "t1 space1 i4e41 relations ( sequ5ce & numb]s1 are really kn[n to u 9 !m4 ,ev]y?+ wond]ful1 h[ev]1 t we m>vel at 9 ! laws ( nature1 ev]y?+ t dem&s an explanation & might s$uce u into di/ru/+ idealism1 lies really & solely 9 ! ma!matical rig\r & inviolability ( ! conceptions ( "t & space4 ,^! h[ev] we produce )9 ourselves & ?r[ !m =? ) t necessity ) :i* ! spid] sp9s2 s9ce we are compell$ to conceive all ?+s "u ^! =ms only1 !n x is no long] wond]ful t 9 all ?+s we actually conceive none b ^! =ms3 = !y all mu/ be> )9 !mselves ! laws ( numb]1 & ?is v idea ( numb] is ! mo/ m>vell\s 9 all ?+s4 ,all ob$i5ce to law :i* impresses u s =cibly 9 ! orbits ( />s & 9 *emical processes co9cides at ! bottom ) ^? qualities :i* we ourselves atta* to ^? ?+s1 s t x is we :o !reby make ! impression ^u ourselves4 ,:5ce x cle>ly foll[s t t arti/ic =mation ( metaphors1 ) :i* e s5sation 9 u beg9s1 already presupposes ^? =ms1 & is !re=e only consummat$ )9 !m2 only out ( ! p]si/5cy ( ^! primal =ms ! possibility expla9s itself1 h[ aft]w>ds--out ( ! metaphors !mselves a /ructure ( ideas1 c\ld aga9 be compil$4 ,= ! latt] is an imitation ( ! relations ( "t1 space & numb] 9 ! realm ( metaphors4 #a ,! ,g]man poet1 ,less+1 _h be5 m>ri$ = j a little ov] "o ye> to ,eva ,knig4 ,a son 0 born & di$ ! same day1 & ! "m's life 0 despair$ (4 ,9 a lett] to 8 fri5d ,es*5burg ! poet wrote3 444 & ,i lo/ him s unwill+ly1 ?is son6 ,= he _h s mu* und]/&+6 s mu* und]/&+6 ,d n suppose t ! few h\rs ( fa!rhood h made me an ape ( a fa!r6 ,i "k :at ,i say4 ,0 x n und]/&+1 t !y _h to drag him into ! _w ) a pair ( =ceps8 t he s soon suspect$ ! evil ( ?is _w8 ,0 x n und]/&+1 t he seiz$ ! fir/ opportunity to get away f x8444 ,eva ,knig di$ a week lat]4--,,tr4 #b ,9 ,g]man ! tree--d] ,baum--is mascul9e4--,,tr4 #c ,9 ,g]man ! plant--die ,pflanze---is fem99e--,,tr4 #d ,cf4 ! ,g]man die ,s*lange & s*l+51 ! ,engli% s]p5t f ! ,lat9 s]p]e4--,,tr4 #b ,z we saw1 x is language :i* has work$ orig9ally at ! con/ruction ( ideas2 9 lat] times x is sci5ce4 ,j z ! bee works at ! same "t at ! cells & fills !m ) honey1 ?us sci5ce works irresi/ibly at t great columb>ium ( ideas1 ! cemet]y ( p]ceptions1 builds ev] new] & high] /oreys2 supports1 purifies1 r5ews ! old cells1 & endeav\rs above all to fill t gigantic framework & to arrange )9 x ! :ole ( ! empiric _w1 i4e41 ! an?ropomorphic _w4 ,& z ! man ( action b9ds 8 life to reason & its ideas1 9 ord] to avoid be+ swept away & los+ himself1 s ! seek] aft] tru? builds 8 hut close to ! t[]+ edifice ( sci5ce 9 ord] to collaborate ) x & to f9d protection4 ,& he ne$s protection4 ,= !re are awful p[]s :i* cont9ually press ^u him1 & :i* hold out aga9/ ! tru? ( sci5ce tru?s fa%ion$ 9 q ano!r way1 be>+ devices ( ! mo/ het]og5e\s "*4 ,t impulse t[>ds ! =mation ( metaphors1 mat fundam5tal impulse ( man1 :i* we _c reason away = "o mom5t--= !reby we %\ld reason away man himself--is 9 tru? n defeat$ nor ev5 subdu$ by ! fact t out ( its evaporat$ products1 ! ideas1 a regul> & rigid new _w has be5 built z a /ronghold = x4 ,?is impulse seeks = itself a new realm ( action & ano!r riv]-b$1 & f9ds x 9 ,my?os & m g5]ally 9 ,art4 ,?is impulse con/antly confuses ! rubrics & cells ( ! ideas1 by putt+ up new figures ( spee*1 metaphors1 metonymies2 x con/antly %[s its passionate long+ = %ap+ ! exi/+ _w ( wak+ man z motley1 irregul>1 inconsequ5tially incoh]5t1 attractive1 & et]nally new z ! _w ( dreams is4 ,= inde$1 wak+ man p] se is only cle> ab\t 8 be+ awake ?r\gh ! rigid & ord]ly wo( ( ideas1 & x is = ?is v reason t he sometimes comes to believe t he 0 dream+ :5 t wo( ( ideas has = a mom5t be5 torn by ,art4 ,pascal is q "r1 :5 he ass]ts1 t if ! same dream came to u e night we %\ld be j z mu* occupi$ by x z by ! ?+s :i* we see e day2 to quote 8 words1 ,if an artisan 7 c]ta9 t he w\ld dream e night = fully twelve h\rs t he 0 a k+1 ,i believe t he w\ld be j z happy z a k+ :o dreams e night = twelve h\rs t he is an artisan4 ,! wide-awake day ( a p my/ically excitable1 let u say ( ! e>li] ,greeks1 is 9 fact ?r\gh ! cont9ually-work+ wond]1 :i* ! my?os presupposes1 m ak9 to ! dream ?an to ! day ( ! ?9k] sob]$ by sci5ce4 ,if e tree may at "s "t talk z a nymph1 or a god "u ! disguise ( a bull1 c>ry away virg9s1 if ! goddess ,a!ne h]self be sudd5ly se5 z1 ) a beautiful team1 %e drives1 accompani$ by ,pisi/ratus1 ?r\gh ! m>kets ( ,a!ns--& e hone/ ,a!nian did believe ?is--at any mom5t1 z 9 a dream1 ev]y?+ is possible2 & all nature sw>ms ar\nd man z if %e 7 no?+ b ! masqu]ade ( ! gods1 :o f\nd x a huge joke to deceive man by assum+ all possible =ms4 ,man himself1 h[ev]1 has an inv9cible t5d5cy to let himself be deceiv$1 & he is l "o en*ant$ ) happ9ess :5 ! rhapsodi/ n>rates to him epic romances 9 su* a way t !y appe> real or :5 ! actor on ! /age makes ! k+ appe> m k+ly ?an reality %[s him4 ,intellect1 t ma/] ( dissimulation1 is free & dismiss$ f 8 s]vice z slave1 s long z ,x is able to deceive )\t injur+1 & !n ,x celebrates ,its ,saturnalia4 ,nev] is ,x ri*]1 pr\d]1 m luxuriant1 m skilful & d>+2 ) a creator's delight ,x ?r[s metaphors into confusion1 %ifts ! b\nd>y-/ones ( ! ab/ractions1 s t = in/ance ,x designates ! /ream z ! mobile way :i* c>ries man to t place :i!r he w\ld o!rwise g4 ,n[ ,x has ?r[n (f ,its %\ld]s ! emblem ( s]vitude4 ,usually ) gloomy (fici\sness ,x endeav\rs to po9t out ! way to a poor individual covet+ exi/5ce1 & ,x f>es =? = plund] & booty l a s]vant = 8 ma/]1 b n[ ,x ,itself has become a ma/] & may wipe f ,its c\nt5ance ! expression ( indig5ce4 ,:atev] ,x n[ does1 comp>$ ) ,its =m] do+s1 be>s )9 itself dissimulation1 j z ,its =m] do+s bore ! "* ( di/ortion4 ,x copies human life1 b takes x = a good ?+ & seems to re/ q satisfi$ ) x4 ,t enorm\s framework & ho>d+ ( ideas1 by cl++ to :i* ne$y man saves himself ?r\gh life1 is to ! fre$ intellect only a scaffold+ & a toy = ,its mo/ d>+ feats1 & :5 ,x sma%es x to pieces1 ?r[s x into confusion1 & !n puts x toge!r ironically1 pair+ ! /range/1 sep>at+ ! ne>e/ items1 !n ,x manife/s t ,x has no use = ^? make%ifts ( mis]y1 & t ,x is n[ no long] l$ by ideas b by intuitions4 ,f ^! intuitions no regul> road leads into ! l& ( ! spectral s*emata1 ! ab/ractions2 = !m ! ^w is n made1 :5 man sees !m he is dumb1 or speaks 9 =bidd5 metaphors & 9 unhe>d-( comb9ations ( ideas1 9 ord] to correspond creatively ) ! impression ( ! p[]ful pres5t intuition at lea/ by de/roy+ & je]+ at ! old b>ri]s ( ideas4 ,!re are ages1 :5 ! rational & ! intuitive man /& side by side1 ! "o full ( fe> ( ! intuition1 ! o!r full ( scorn = ! ab/raction2 ! latt] j z irrational z ! =m] is in>ti/ic4 ,bo? desire to rule ov] life2 ! "o by kn[+ h[ to meet ! mo/ important ne$s ) =esight1 prud5ce1 regul>ity2 ! o!r z an ov]-joy\s h]o by ignor+ ^? ne$s & tak+ t life only z real :i* simulates appe>ance & beauty4 ,:]ev] intuitive man1 z = in/ance 9 ! e>li] hi/ory ( ,greece1 br&i%es 8 weapons m p[]fully & victori\sly ?an 8 oppon5t1 !re "u fav\rable conditions1 a culture c develop & art c e/abli% h] rule ov] life4 ,t dissembl+1 t d5y+ ( ne$9ess1 t spl5d\r ( metaphorical notions & especially t directness ( dissimulation accompany all utt]ances ( su* a life4 ,nei!r ! h\se ( man1 nor 8 way ( walk+1 nor 8 clo?+1 nor 8 e>!n jug sugge/ t necessity inv5t$ !m2 x seems z if !y all 7 int5d$ z ! expressions ( a sublime happ9ess1 an ,olympic cl\dlessness1 & z x 7 a play+ at s]i\sness4 ,:]eas ! man guid$ by ideas & ab/ractions only w>ds (f mis=tune by means ( !m1 )\t ev5 en=c+ = himself happ9ess out ( ! ab/ractions2 :]eas he /rives aft] ! greate/ possible fre$om f pa9s1 ! intuitive man dwell+ 9 ! mid/ ( culture has f 8 intuitions a h>ve/3 besides ! w>d+ (f ( evil1 he atta9s a cont9u\s 9-p\r+ ( enlight5m5t1 enliv5m5t & r$emption4 ,( c\rse :5 he does suff]1 he suff]s m3 & he ev5 suff]s m frequ5tly s9ce he _c le>n f exp]i5ce1 b aga9 & aga9 falls into ! same dit* into :i* he has fall5 be=e4 ,9 suff]+ he is j z irrational z 9 happ9ess2 he cries al\d & f9ds no consolation4 ,h[ diff]5t matt]s are 9 ! same mis=tune ) ! ,/oic1 taught by exp]i5ce & rul+ himself by ideas6 ,he :o o!rwise only looks = uprightness1 tru?1 fre$om f deceptions & %elt] f ensn>+ & sudd5 attack1 9 8 mis=tune p]=ms ! ma/]piece ( dissimulation1 j z ! o!r did 9 8 happ9ess2 he %[s no twit*+ mobile human face b z x 7 a mask ) dignifi$1 h>moni\s features2 he does n cry out & does n ev5 alt] 8 voice2 :5 a heavy ?und]cl\d bur/s ^u him1 he wraps himself up 9 8 cloak & ) sl[ & measur$ /ep walks away f b5ea? x4 ,,! ,,end4