,! ,/ory ( ,,! ,,air%ip 7,,non-,,rigid7 ,a ,/udy ( ,"o ( ,am]ica's ,less] ,kn[n ,def5se ,weapons ,,by ,,hugh ,,all5 ,illu/ration3 ,air%ip 9 flight ,,akron1 ,,ohio1 #aidc ,illu/ration3 ,,admiral ,w4 ,a4 ,,m(fett ,to :om ?is book is d$icat$ ,,fir/ ,,pr9t+1 ,,febru>y1 #aidb ,,second ,,pr9t+1 ,,febru>y1 #aidc ,,?ird ,,pr9t+1 ,,decemb]1 #aidc ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,! ,,lakeside ,,press1 ,r4 ,r4 ,,donnelley ,,sons ,,company1 ,,*icago ,,& ,,craw=dsville1 ,,indiana ,d$ication ,to ,admiral ,william ,a4 ,m(fett1 & ! m5 8 lead]%ip inspir$--to ,l&sd[ne1 ,mc,cord & ,b]ry--to ,calnan & ,dugan & o!r able juniors1 to ,maxfield & ,hoyt1 ,hancock & ,lawr5ce ( an e>li] decade--to ! ,army's ,haw?orne ,gray1 & z well to ,engl&'s ,scott1 ,france's de ,gr5ad91 ,g]many's ,lehmann & ,goodye>'s ,brannigan & ,morton--names tak5 f light]-?an-air's brief b di/+ui%$ casualty li/--( m5 :o believ$ 9 air%ips & accept$ gallantly ! p5alty :i* progress et]nally exacts f m5--?is book is d$icat$4 ,n =gett+ ! liv+ m51 ! ,navy's ,ros5dahl1 ,fulton1 ,mills1 ,settle2 ,goodye>'s ,lit*field & ,arn/e91 & hundr$s ( o!rs :o h c>ri$ on ) un%ak5 fai?1 9 ! face ( great setbacks4 ,mu* ( devotion & c\rage1 ( sci5tific rese>* & eng9e]+ a*ievem5t has gone into ?is ent]prise--& mu* has be5 prov$4 ,today1 air%ips ( ! non-rigid type are tak+ on a new responsibility to ! nation4 ,if !y succe$1 !y may well br+ back ! great rigid air%ips1 to act z long range sc\ts aga9/ enemy raid or surprise fleet movem5t1 z fa/ mov+ bases & refuel+ po9ts = fight+ airplanes f> at sea--& z factors 9 _w comm]ce 9 days to come4 ,x is ?is impulse :i* is driv+ =w>d ! m5 :o believe 9 air%ips--t ! sacrifices & ef=ts ( ,admiral ,m(fett & ! re/ %all n h gone 9 va94 ,illu/ration3 ,e4 ,j4 ,,?omas ,presid5t ( ! ,goodye> ,company ,illu/ration3 ,,capta9 ,c4 ,e4 ,,ros5dahl1 ,u4,s4,n4 ,he nev] gave up 8 %ips ,illu/ration3 ,,comm&] ,t4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,settle1 ,u4,s4,n4 ,he explor$ ! ,/ratosph]e ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,brannigan ,8 c\rage /ill inspires air%ip m5 ,illu/ration3 ,p4 ,w4 ,,lit*field ,an indu/rial lead]1 *airman ( ! ,goodye> bo>d1 :o has believ$ = #cj ye>s t air%ips w\ld prove useful to 8 c\ntry 9 peace or w> ,=eword ,high admirals ( ! ,am]ican fleet fac$ 9 #aidj ! grave/ responsibility 9 ! ,national ,def5se ! ,navy _h ev] kn[n4 ,:]ev] !y turn$1 nor?1 ea/1 s\?1 we/1 p]ils lurk$4 ,if !y swung _! b9ocul>s t[>d ,icel&1 t[>d ! ,c>ibbean1 t[>d ,s+apore1 ,alaska1 or ! ,canal1 ev]y:]e wait$ pot5tial ?reats aga9/ our ,am]ican way ( life1 :i* !y mu/ meet ) %ips & m51 ) guns & /\t he>ts4 ,?is 0 n m]ely national def5se1 p]haps n ev5 hemisph]e def5se1 x 0 ,_w ,w>4 ,survey+ _! gigantic task1 & mov+ swiftly to meet x1 !y f\nd a place 9 _! program = half =gott5 craft1 long ov]-%ad[$ by o!r arms ( ! fleet1 ! non-rigid air%ip1 sometimes call$ a dirigible1 b m (t5 a 8blimp40 ,c\ldn't ! air%ip be us$ z a wat*dog along ! coa/1 aga9/ enemy subm>9es1 9 discov]+ enemy m9es--relieve = /]n] tasks ! de/roy]s & o!r craft n[ wall[+ _! inn>ds out 9 ^? re/less %all[ wat]s8 ,great ,brita9 & ,france _h us$ air%ips effectively 9 ?is s]vice ov] ! ,engli% ,*annel dur+ ! la/ w>4 ,! areas )9 _! patrol range1 a hundr$ or #bjj miles out to sea1 )9 ! #ajj fa?om curve1 0 a vital "o4 ,!re /eam%ip lanes conv]ge1 great h>bors lie1 coa/wise m]*antm5 cruise1 !re is ! greate/ conc5tration ( milit>y & comm]cial %ipp+4 ,) dep? bombs & ma*9e guns ! blimps might /rike a /\t bl[ ( _! own1 ev5 if !y w]5't rat$ z combat craft4 ,at lea/ !y c\ld s\nd ! al>m1 call out re9=cem5ts f swift mov+ %ore-bas$ craft1 keep ! intrud] "u surveillance4 ,aft] all ! ma9 ?+ 0 to f9d ! subm>9es 9 ^? endless miles ( wat]4 ,& 9 ?is field ! v sl[ness ( ! air%ip1 z comp>$ to ! airplane1 w\ld be an advantage1 p]mit a m ?or\gh se>* ( ! ocean's surface1 :ile its spe$ z comp>$ to any man-(-w>1 w\ld enable x to cov] m gr\nd )9 a giv5 #bd h\rs4 ,s on ! ,navy's recomm5dation ,congress 9 #aidj approv$ ! build+ ( ! air%ip fleet up to sub/antial proportions1 toge!r ) bases f :i* !y might op]ate along ! ,atlantic & ,pacific coa/s4 ,t program is n[ be+ put into effect & ! ,goodye> company :i* _h built mo/ ( ! air%ips us$ 9 ! fir/ ,_w ,w>1 began aga9 to build %ips4 ,! /ory ( ! great rigid air%ips1 ! ,los ,angeles1 ! ,akron1 ,macon & ,graf ,zeppel9 is fairly well kn[n4 ,t ( ! small] non-rigids is less famili>4 ,! l>g] air%ips /ill hold vital comm]cial & milit>y promise = ! future4 ,h[ev]1 ?is book w conf9e itself to ! non-rigid air%ip1 ) only en\gh ref]5ce to ! l>g] %ips to r\nd out ! picture4 ,e new vehicle ( combat or transport has _h to fight its way to acceptance aga9/ misund]/&+ & lack ( und]/&+4 ,/eam%ips _h to prove !mselves aga9/ sail+ %ips4 ,subm>9es _h an uphill battle to e/abli% !mselves4 ,! airplane 0 long on probation1 & n[ ! air%ip is on trial4 ,?is book w tell some?+ ab\t ^! %ips1 cite :at is claim$ = !m & :at has be5 reasonably prov$ !y c d1 see :at progress has be5 made 9 p]=mance1 & po9t out :at may be expect$ f !m h]eaft]--n avoid+ ! moot "q ( vuln]ability4 ,light]-?an-air is old] by a c5tury ?an ! heavi]-?an-air bran* ( a]onautics4 ,its hi/ory is m>k$ by long rese>* & exp]im5t & cont9u$ progress4 ,l e pione]+ developm5t x has _h its setbacks4 ,b ! s9c]ity ( ! ef=t & solid accompli%m5t made1 entitles ! project to ?\ghtful consid]ation4 ,cont5ts ,d$ication v ,=eword vii ,i4 ,g]man ,subm>9es 9 ,am]ican ,wat]s #a ,a little kn[n /ory f ! fir/ ,_w ,w>4 ,,ii4 ,briti% ,air%ips 9 ! ,fir/ ,_w ,w> #i ,! use ( non-rigid air%ips 9 ,europe 9 #aiad-ah--;z convoys1 & z sc\ts aga9/ m9es & ,u-boats4 ,,iii4 ,am]ican ,air%ips 9 ,two ,w>s #ac ,activities 9 fir/ w>1 ?\gh build+ ( %ips1 tra9+ ( m5 & erect+ ( bases _h to be done aft] w> broke out4 ,,iv4 ,! ,beg9n+s ( ,flight #ba ,diff]5ce betwe5 air%ips & airplanes--classes ( air%ips--progress1 f ,montgolfi]s to ,santos ,dumont to #aiad4 ,v4 ,effect on ,a]onautics ( ,po/-,w> ,reaction #bh ,blimps ov]%ad[$ by ,zeppel9s & airplanes--only rigid air%ips _h any?+ l cont9u+ program1 & !y because ( possible comm]cial value--effect on public op9ion ( ,l9db]gh flight & fir/ arrival ( ! ,graf ,zeppel94 ,,vi4 ,air%ip ,improvem5ts ,betwe5 ,w>s #cb ,helium gas--/ructural *anges--developm5t ( moor+ ma/--,navy exp]im5ts 9 pick+ up wat] balla/ f ! ocean4 ,,vii4 ,adv5tures ( ! ,goodye> ,fleet #de ,reason = />t+--adv5tures--famili>ize c\ntry ) air%ips--safety record--evolution ( ma/+ te*nique4 ,,viii4 ,results ( ,fleet ,op]ations #fa ,wea!r in=mation--effect on fly+ & gr\nd h&l+ practice--on %ip design--creat$ bases1 %ips & con/ruction plants :i* might prove useful 9 em]g5cy4 ,,ix4 ,vuln]ability ( ,air%ips #fg ,ref]5ces #gb ,index #gc ,,*apt] ,i ,g]man ,subm>9es 9 ,am]ican ,wat]s ,illu/ration3 ,subm>9e ,9 ! la/ six mon?s ( ! fir/ ,_w ,w> ,g]many s5t six subm>9es to ,am]ica at int]vals />t+ 9 ,april1 to lay m9es along our %ipp+ lanes1 attack m]*antm51 drive ! fi%+ fleet a%ore1 try to =ce ?is c\ntry to call back "p ( its ,european fleet = home def5se--& 9 any case to give ,am]ica1 geographically alo( f ! w>1 a ta/e ( :at w> 0 l4 ,^! activities 7 ov]%ad[$ at ! "t by grav] ev5ts1 or hidd5 by milit>y secrecy4 ,few p ev5 today "k t %ips 7 sunk & m5 kill$ by ,g]man ,u-boats )9 sight ( our coa/4#a ,x 0 9 no s5se an all-out ef=t4 ,only a h&ful ( subm>9es 7 us$4 ,! attack 0 laun*$ late 9 ! w>1 9 fact "o ( ! six didn't ev5 rea* ,am]ican wat]s1 0 call$ back by news ( ! ,armi/ice4 ,subm>9es ( t day _h a cruis+ range ( "s ?ree mon?s1 c\ld sp5d only ?ree weeks 9 our coa/al wat]s1 us$ ! re/ ( ! "t gett+ ov] & back4 ,b 9 ^? few weeks ^! six subm>9es de/roy$ exactly #ajj %ips1 ( all sizes1 types & regi/ry1 kill$ #dce p4 ,mo/ ( ! %ips 7 peaceful un>m$ m]*antm51 coa/wise %ips f ! ,we/ ,indies & ,s\? ,am]ica1 tank]s f ,galve/on1 fi%+ %ips head+ back f ! ,gr& ,banks1 supply %ips c>ry+ guns & w> mat]ials to ,engl&1 a few /raggl]s f convoys4 ,! subs' bigge/ cat* 0 ! ,,uss ,san ,diego1 a cruis]1 sunk by m9e (f ,fire ,isl&1 j outside ,new ,york h>bor1 ,july #ai1 #aiah1 ) #a1ahj (fic]s & m5 abo>d4 ,only six lives1 =tunately1 7 lo/4 ,! battle%ip ,m9nesota1 escort$ by a de/roy]1 /ruck a m9e (f ,f5wick %oals light %ip1 e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( ,septemb] #bi1 b made tempor>y repairs & limp$ back into ,philadelphia ,navy ,y>d #ah h\rs lat]4 ,a fragm5t ( ! m9e 0 f\nd imb$d$ 9 h] frame "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,reproduc$ f ,u4,s4 ,navy map %[+ track ( subm>9es op]at+ 9 ,am]ican wat]s dur+ la/ few mon?s ( fir/ ,_w ,w>4 ,m9es 7 laid at /rategic po9ts4 ,"o field1 ) its m9es #ejj to #a1jjj y>ds ap>t 0 laid (f ,cape ,hatt]as1 "o at ! m\? ( ,*esapeake ,bay1 "o across ,delaw>e ,bay1 two 9 betwe5 ^! key inlets1 ano!r (f ,b>negat1 & ! la/ (f ,fire ,isl&4 ,"s ( ! m9es drift$ a%ore1 o!rs 7 f\nd & de/roy$--! la/ ones n till ! foll[+ ,janu>y4 ,b m9es acc\nt$ = six ( ! %ips lo/4 ,"o ( ! subm>9es1 ! ,u-#aag1 built z a m9e lay]1 plant$ #df ( ! #eh m9es laid along our %ores2 f\r o!rs 7 m]*ant subs ( ! ,deuts*l& type1 includ+ ! ,deuts*l& itself1 :i* _h twice previ\sly visit$ ?is c\ntry on o/5sibly fri5dly missions4 ,?\gh ! subs enc\nt]$ a few victims on ! way ov] or back1 mo/ ( ! %ips 7 de/roy$ 9 ! %all[] wat]s )9 #bjj miles ( ! ,am]ican & ,canadian coa/4 ,! fi%+ 0 bett] close 94 ,naval ,intellig5ce knew1 ?r\gh ,admiral ,sims' (fice 9 ,london1 j :5 ea* subm>9e left ,kiel1 :at its probable de/9ation 01 & its approximate arrival date4 ,! ,navy c\ld n broadca/ ?is in=mation1 le/ ,u-boat capta9s le>n !y 7 expect$1 b took appropriate def5se measures4 ,ev5 s1 ea* subm>9e travel$ directly to its de/9ation1 c>ri$ out its mission4 ,u-boats op]at$ almo/ ) immunity f ,newf\ndl& to ! ,virg9ia capes4 ,twice ,am]ican m5 ( w> pass$ ov] subm]g+ craft s close z almo/ to ram !m4 ,! ,u-#aea work$ at cutt+ cables = ?ree days1 ne> en\gh to ,new ,york ,city t ! crew c\ld see ! lights ( ,broadway at night4 ,! ,u-#aae1 ly+ (f ! ,virg9ia capes1 came to ! surface "o aft]noon j 9 "t = its p]iscope to disclose a cruis]1 two de/roy]s & a ,navy tug a mile away1 peacefully return+ f r\t9e t>get practice1 entirely unaw>e t ! ,u-boat 0 lurk+ 9 ! vic9ity4 ,! subm>9es got a poor press t summ]1 n only = reasons ( milit>y secrecy1 b because m /irr+ news held ! att5tion ( ! public4 ,! ,,aef 0 beg9n+ to see action 9 ,france4 ,/ill headl9es fla%$ occasionally z c5sor%ip 0 rais$1 or survivors br\ght 9 /ories4 ,f ! ,philadelphia ,ev5+ ,bullet9 dur+ ?is p]iod3 8,hun ,u-boats ,raid ,new ,j]sey coa/--,s*oon] ,edw>d ,h4 ,cole ,attack$ by two ,subm>9es1 ,de/roy$--,two ,attack$ ,(f ,new ,engl&--,atlantic ,ports ,clos$0--& ! /ory1 "u ,new ,york date l9e3 8,g]many has c>ri$ h] unre/rict$ subm>9e w>f>e to ?is side ( ! ocean--at lea/ five vessels sunk--subm>9e *as]s ord]$ out f ,cape ,may--,coa/ ,gu>d /ations on special look\t--m>9e insurance companies ann\nce %>p increase 9 rates40 ,news ,fla%--8,wireless report f pass5g] /eam] ,c>ol9a says %e is "u attack0--,! ,c>ol9a is sunk1 #cjj survivors are l&$ at ,b>negat ,bay1 #ai at ,lewes ,del41 #cj at ,atlantic ,city1 o!rs pick$ up 9 op5 boats4 ,illu/ration3 ,on ?is map ( actual %ip s9k+s & m9e lay+s 9 #aiah is sup]impos$ a sket* ( ! area :i* a h&ful ( mod]n patrol blimps might cov]4 ,!n3 8,navy m9e sweep]s s5t out to de/roy m9es & float+ torp$oes :i* _h miss$ t>get--tank] ,h]b]t ,l4 ,pratt /rikes m9e 9 %all[ wat] on maid5 voyage--,w> ,dep>tm5t asks ,congress = #aj1jjj1jjj to set up balloon & plane /ations along ! coa/ to combat sub m5ace--,briti% /eam] ,h>pa?ian torp$o$ (f ,virg9ia capes--,am]ican vessel1 "n )held1 puts back to #8an ,atlantic port' aft] be+ *as$ by ,u-boat40 ,! record cont9ues3 8,san ,diego sunk by m9e--tug & f\r b>ges sunk--,briti% freight] attack$--sub s5ds l&+ crew on bo>d lumb] s*oon] (f ,ma9e coa/1 set h] afire--,/eam] ,m]ak sunk (f ,hatt]as--tank] torp$o$ (f ,b>negat ,bay1 bea*es blanket$ ) oil--,norwegian /eam] ,v9l&--,briti% /eam] ,p5i/on & ,sw$i% /eam] ,sydl& (f ,nantucket--n9e ,u4 ,s4 fi%+ vessels (f ,massa*usetts coa/--,briti% tank] ,mirlo--,u4,s4 ,s*oon] ,doro?y ,b>rett--tank] ,fr$]ick ,r4 ,kellogg0 & s on & on4 ,ev5ts ( ! "t & s9ce h swept ^! happ5+s out ( ! m9ds ( mo/ ,am]icans--ev5 if !y knew ( x at ! "t4 ,b some:]e1 half =gott5 9 ,naval files1 is an (ficial report1 pa9/ak+ly compil$ aft] ! w>1 f %ip logs1 f /ories by m]*ant capta9s & crews1 ev5 by (fic]s ( surr5d]$ ,g]man subm>9es1 to make up z complete a record z possible ( "o ( ! amaz+ op]ations ( ! w>--& "o ^: magnitude1 9 t]ritory cov]$ & damage done1 few suspect$1 ev5 )9 ! ,navy1 at ! "t4 ,only two subs _h s mu* z a bru% ) ,am]ican %ips4 ,! transport von ,/eub51 =m] ,g]man l9]1 proce$+ to ! rescue ( m5 9 life boats f a m]*ant %ip1 dropp$ dep? bombs :i* ! ,u-boat escap$ by div+ to #hc met]s1 ly+ l[ till ! enemy _h gone4 ,clos] call _h ! ,u-#adj1 l>ge/ & mo/ mod]n ( ! fleet1 :i* aft] s9k+ sev]al %ips (f ,diamond ,%oals1 includ+ ! light %ip itself1 almo/ caught a t>t> :5 ! ,brazilian pass5g] l9]1 ,ub]abe1 zigzagg+ furi\sly to escape1 s5t out ,s4,o4,s4 messages :i* br\ght f\r ,u4,s4 de/roy]s hurry+ to ! rescue4 ,ne>e/ 0 ! ,,uss ,/r+ham1 :i* proce$+ "u full spe$1 us+ ! ,ub]abe z a scre51 *>g$ on ! ,u-boat1 dropp$ #ae dep? *>ges :5 ! ,u-boat div$1 tim$ to explode at diff]5t levels4 ,illu/ration3 ,tra9+ ex]cises ) ,u4 ,s4 subm>9es h taught air%ip capta9s mu* ab\t ! habits1 movem5ts & *>act]i/ics ( ! und]seas craft4 7,u4 ,s4 ,navy photo74 ,illu/ration3 ,! ye> be=e ,am]ica got into ! la/ w> ! ,g]man subm>9e ,u-#ea sank a half doz5 m]*ant %ips (f ,nantucket ,isl& !n proce$$ into ,newport4 7,u4 ,s4 ,navy photo7 ,illu/ration3 ,navy air%ips 9 practice patrols id5tify1 z to class & nationality1 all surface %ips 9 _! area1 le>n to recognize ! silh\ette ( a subm>9e f af>4 7,u4 ,s4 ,navy photo7 ,! ,u-boat capta91 "o ( ! be/ 9 ! ,g]man navy1 drove 8 craft at a %>p angle to #djj feet4 ,"o *>ge explod+ und]nea? ! sub turn$ x /]n upw>d till x /ood almo/ p]p5dicul>4 ,he manag$ to level out f9ally at #dae feet1 lay !re z long z he d>$1 f9ally rea*$ ! surface4 ,8 %ip 0 s badly crippl$ x _h to ab&on its mission & set out = home--?\gh x sunk a c\ple m %ips 9 ! mid-,atlantic on ! way back4 ,! only ,u-boat casualty 0 ! ,u-#aef :i* aft] gett+ #cd victims 9 ,am]ican wat]s1 gett+ eight 9 "o day1 0 itself sunk by m9es--b (f ,f>oe ,isl& z x 0 almo/ home4 ,?is !n is ! /ory ( subm>9e op]ations 9 ,u4 ,s4 wat]s 9 #aiah--;a half he>t$ ef=t ( %ort duration />t$ late 9 ! day--b :i* de/roy$ #ajj %ips1 totall+ #bjj1jjj tons1 mo/ ( !m close to our %ores4 ,no "o c\ld d\bt b t 9 ! ev5t ( ano!r w> subm>9es w\ld be us$ aga91 & 9 m vigor\s fa%ion4 ,! ,am]ican fleet might easily keep major enemy %ips at a safe di/ance1 & bomb+ attack f any "p ( ,europe or ov] ! ,pacific w\ld h little milit>y value4 ,b c]ta9ly subm>9es w\ld f9d _! way pa/ ! scre5 ( ,navy craft1 bob up (f ,am]ican h>bors1 aga9 to lay m9es 9 ! pa? ( coa/wise /eam]s1 deliv] hit-&-run attack by torp$o & gunfire at ,am]ican craft4 ,we c\ld be equally sure t ^! ugly motoriz$ %>ks1 *urn+ ! muddy sub-surface wat]s1 w\ld n be satisfi$ to attack m]*antm5 only1 w\ld be look+ = bigg] prey4 ,on ! map %[+ ! op]ations ( ,g]man subm>9es 9 #aiah let u sup]impose1 z an example1 ! patrol area :i* two blimps1 bas+ at ,bo/on1 ,lakehur/1 ,cape ,may & ,norfolk might effectively cov] 9 a #ab h\r p]iod4 ,a patrol area ( #b1jjj squ>e miles p] %ip is cons]vative4 ,x assumes ! %ip fly+ at no fa/] ?an #ce knots1 hav+ visibility ( five miles 9 all directions4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 all[+ a little m ?an #dj knots spe$--& ! air%ip cruises consid]ably fa/] ?an t--we might say t a mod]n blimp c\ld patrol an area #aj miles wide & #ejj miles long 9 ! #ab h\rs1 or an area ( #e1jjj squ>e miles4 ,b by criss-cross+ back & =? 9 accordance ) a progressive plan1 an area ( #b1jjj squ>e miles c\ld be made reasonably secure--except "u extremely adv]se conditions ( visibility4 ,lay+ ^! patrol areas d[n ov] ! map ( subm>9e op]ations ( #aiah x is app>5t t su* patrols w\ld cov] mu* ( ! t]ritory :]e %ip s9k+s 7 a*iev$1 cov] all ( ! areas :]e m9es 7 laid4 ,) blimps op]at+ f su* bases1 9 addition to ! patrols be+ execut$ by o!r naval craft1 we might conclude t no subm>9e c\ld v5ture )9 #ajj miles ( ! ,am]ican coa/ dur+ daylight h\rs )\t consid]able risk ( detection1 & t blimps %\ld be able to make contribution to ! safety ( coa/wise %ipp+ & h>bor cities4 ,! patrol areas assign$ to ! blimps w\ld h _! flanks expos$1 b air%ip patrol w\ld be co-ord9at$ ) t ( airplanes & surface craft1 gu>d+ ! areas f>!r out4 ,t ?is conclusion is reasonable is indicat$ by ! fact t f #aici on1 ,lakehur/ ,naval ,air ,/ation1 "u comm& ( ,comm&] ,g4 ,h4 ,mills _h be5 do+ j ?is1 patrol+ areas all ! way f ,nantucket to ,cape ,hatt]as4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,briti% ,air%ips 9 ! ,fir/ ,w> ,illu/ration3 ,air%ip ov] wat] ,g]many ent]$ ! fir/ ,_w ,w> ) high expectations z to "o1 p]haps two ( its new weapons ( w>4 ,its subm>9es might (fset ,brita9's sup]iority at sea1 & c]ta9ly ! ,zeppel9s1 :i* _h prov$ !mselves 9 f\r ye>s ( comm]cial fly+1 w\ld be able to cross ! ,engli% ,*annel & c>ry ! w> to ! isl& :i* _h se5 no invasion s9ce ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,no nation except ,g]many _h ,zeppel9s4 ,& z ! ,g]man p began to feel ! p9* ( ! blockade1 cutt+ _! life l9e ( food & supplies1 !y br\ght increas+ public pressure on ,high ,comm& to use ^! weapons to puni% ,engl&4 ,lat] comm5tators h speculat$ z to :e!r1 if ,g]many _h held its fire1 wait$ till x c\ld assemble an ov]p[]+ =ce ( ,zeppel9s & subm>9es & /age a jo9t attack1 x might n h be5 able to =ce a quick decision4 ,b ! ,zeppel9s 7 s5t ov] a few at a "t1 z fa/ z !y c\ld be built1 & ,engl& 0 giv5 "t to devise def5ses4 ,^! 7 *iefly high] altitude airplanes1 f>!r rang+ anti-aircraft guns1 sky pi]c+ se>*lights1 :i* comb9$ to =ce ! invad]s to fly cont9u\sly high] z ! w> wore on1 z high z #be1jjj feet at times1 ) correspond+ sacrifice ( bomb+ accuracy4 ,& :5 ma*9e guns1 syn*roniz$ ) ! propell]s1 7 m\nt$ 9 airplane cockpits1 & began to spit inflammable bullets into ! hydrog5 fill$ bags & s5d !m d[n 9 flames1 ! duel took on m ev5 t]ms4 ,less spectacul>ly ! ,zeppel9s 7 us$ on a wide scale z reconnaissance & sc\t+ craft1 :i* fly+ fa/ & f> 7 giv5 cr$it on m ?an "o occasion = sav+ ,g]man ,naval squadrons f be+ cut (f by sup]ior ,alli$ =ces1 7 ackn[l$g$ ev5 by ! ,briti% to h play$ an important "p 9 ! ,battle ( ,jutl&4 ,x is a little h>d to realize today t :atev] air battles 7 wag$ ov] wat] 9 ! la/ w> 7 conduct$ *iefly by light]-?an-air craft4 ,planes /ag$ spectacul> battles along ! ,alli$ l9es 9 ,france1 b lack ( range & c>ry+ capacity =c$ !m to leave sea battles to ! air%ip4 ,z a measure ( t situation1 ! great hang>s at ,fri$ri*%af51 spawn+ gr\nd ( ! ,zeppel9s1 "o ( ! out/&+ t>gets 9 all ,europe if ,engl& 7 to draw ! dirigible's fangs1 lay h>dly m ?an a hundr$ miles f ! ,fr5* bord]s1 b ev5 t di/ance 0 too great = effective attack4 ,:ile ^! great] ev5ts 7 tak+ place1 ,briti% air%ips1 small] 9 size1 less spectacul>1 7 play+ no small "p 9 repell+ ,g]many's o!r ?reat1 ! subm>9e4 ,blimps ,us$ to ,se>* = ,u-,boats ,navy op9ion ar\nd ! _w 0 skeptical at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,w> z to :e!r subm>9es w\ld ev] be practical4 ,!re 7 me*anical tr\bles1 accid5ts1 usually co/ly4 ,ev5 ,g]many1 prior to #aiad1 us$ to s5d an escort ( w>%ips along to convoy its subs to _! /ation--!n s5d out = !m aft]w>d to br+ !m home aga94 ,b ! w> 0 only a few weeks old :5 ! capta9 ( ! ,u-#i1 cruis+ d[n ! ,dut* coa/1 discov]$ t 8 gyro compass 0 (f1 & :5 he got 8 be>+s saw t he 0 #ej miles (f c\rse4 ,he wa/$ no brea?1 h[ev]1 on _m-syllabl$ ,g]man swe> words1 = (f on 8 s\!rn horizon 7 ! ma/s ( ?ree ,briti% %ips4 ,he div$1 came up alongside1 & 9 #cj m9utes1 s+le h&$1 ) well direct$ torp$oes1 _h sunk 9 turn ,,hms ,ab\kir1 ,hogue & ,cressy4 ,! morn+ ( ,septemb] #bb1 #aiad1 m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( a new era 9 ,naval w>f>e4 ,! w>r+ nations grew furi\sly busy build+ _! own ,u-boats & devis+ def5ses aga9/ ! enemy's4 ,among ^! def5ses 0 ! non-rigid air%ip4 ,^! two vehicles1 s widely diff]5t1 h mu* 9 common4 ,if we may be te*nical = a m9ute we may say t ! air%ip & ! subm>9e are bo? buoyant bodies1 completely imm]s$ & float+ 9 a m$ium--air & wat] respectively--( *ang+ pressures1 t ea* uses dual sets ( /e]+ ge> & rudd]s to control direction & altitude4 ,& fur!r1 t ! air%ip 9 #aida faces ! same division ( op9ion z ! subm>9e fac$ 9 #aiad1 z to :e!r1 p>ticul>ly ) rigid air%ips1 x w ev] be widely us$ & accept$4 ,9 any ev5t 9 #aiad !re 0 an urg5t & imm$iate job to be done4 ,indicator nets & high explosive m9es might give "s protection to h>bors1 might be /ret*$ across /eam%ip lanes & plant$ ar\nd ! hid+ places ( ! subm>9es1 if ^? c\ld be discov]$4 ,b troop %ips & munition %ips & food %ips mu/ be dispat*$ )\t int]ruption across ! tricky wat]s ( ! ,engli% ,*annel to ,france1 & = ?is purpose convoy escorts 7 devis$1 ) cam\flag$ w>%ips zigzagg+ alongside1 :ile high al(t 9 look\t /ations m5 ) b9ocul>s /ra9$ _! eyes1 se>*+ ! wat]s1 ahead1 a/]n1 alongside1 _! se>* l+]+ long ov] e bit ( float+ wreckage--& !re 0 a lot ( x--to make sure x 0 n a p]iscope4 ,^! look\ts abo>d %ip quickly _h a new ally 9 ! air4 ,z ! subm>9e m5ace grew1 b9ocul>s began to fla% too f ! fuselages ( bobb+ blimps ov]head4 ,at a few hundr$ or p]haps a ?\s& feet elevation !y c\ld see deep bel[ ! surface1 & quickly le>n$ to recognize at consid]able di/ance ! tell-tale trail ( bubbles or fea!r$ wat]s or sme> ( oil :i* d5ot$ ! enemy's pres5ce1 might ev5 pick out ! %ad[y =m ( ! subm]g$ craft itself4 ,! value ( ! air%ip 9 convoy 0 t x c\ld fly sl[ly1 c\ld ?rottle d[n its motors & m>* 9 /ep ) its *>ges1 cruise ahead1 alongside1 beh9d4 ,! v spe$ ( its si/] craft1 ! airplane1 h&icapp$ its use 9 ?is field4 ,?is *>act]i/ic ( ! blimp 0 ev5 m useful 9 hunt+ ,u-boat ne/s4 ,! blimp c\ld head into ! w9d1 ) its motors b>ely turn+ ov]1 hov] = h\rs at z]o spe$ ov] suspect areas4 ,x c\ld fly at l[ altitudes1 foll[ ev5 sl5d] clues4 ,seagulls foll[+ a p]iscope sometimes gave highly useful in=mation4 ,an orange crate mov+ aga9/ ! tide attract$ ! att5tion ( "o al]t pilot1 = ! crate conceal$ a p]iscope1 & ! blimp dropp$ bombs--successfully4 ,:5 a blimp discov]$ a subm>9e1 x w\ld give *ase4 ,) its #ej knots ( res]ve spe$ x 0 fa/] ?an any w>%ip1 mu* fa/] ?an ! poky w>time subm>9e1 :i* c\ld d only #aj or #ab knots on ! surface1 mu* less ?an half t :5 subm]g$4 ,if x 0 lucky ! air%ip might drop a bomb alongside be=e ! sub got away4 ,& run = cov] ! subm>9e always did4 ,x want$ no argum5t ) a %ip :i* c\ld see x "u wat]1 c\ld out-run x1 & might plunk a bomb alongside be=e its pres5ce 0 ev5 suspect$4 ,air%ips did get _! subs dur+ ! w>4 ,! records1 always incomplete 9 ! case ( subm>9es1 ^: casualties 7 invisible1 %[ t ,briti% blimps sight$ #di ,u-boats1 l$ to ! de/ruction ( #bg4 ,b _! great] usefulness lay 9 ! fact t _! m]e pres5ce s5t ! und]seas craft scuttl+ = subm]g$ safety4 ,betwe5 ,june1 #aiag1 & ! end ( ! w> ,briti% blimps flew #a1ejj1jjj miles1 ne>ly z _m z ! ,zeppel9s4 ,a ,fr5* ,commission made an exhau/ive /udy ( dirigible op]ations aft] ! w>1 & ! late ,re> ,admiral ,w4 ,a4 ,m(fett quot$ f its reports 9 summ>iz+ light]-?an-air lessons tak5 f ! w>1 :5 he told ! ,naval ,affairs ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives t 8z f> z !y c\ld le>n1 no /eam] 0 ev] mole/$ by subm>9es :5 escort$ by a non-rigid air%ip40 ,france & ,italy _h long coa/ l9es1 us$ ! blimps ext5sively along ! ,bay ( ,biscay1 ! ,m$it]ranean & ! ,adriatic1 b ,engl& f\nd /ill great] use = !m because x 0 an isl&4 ,s blimp sc\ts play$ a s+ul>ly useful role f ,l&'s ,end to ! ,orkneys1 /ood wat* at ! m\? ( ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 ! ,solway1 ! ,humb]1 & ! ,?ames4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,am]ican ,air%ips 9 ,two ,w>s ,illu/ration3 ,air%ip & hang> ,comp>$ to ,briti% & ,fr5* air%ips1 ,am]ican dirigibles made a less impressive record dur+ ! fir/ w>4 ,?is = ! reasons t !re 7 few enemy activities 9 our wat]s until ! v end1 & t !re 7 few ,am]ican air%ips to oppose !m4 ,virtually ! entire air%ip organization _h to be creat$ aft] we got into ! w>4 ,naval atta*s abroad _h be5 wat*+ blimp op]ations ov] ! ,engli% *annel1 & on ! basis ( r meag] in=mation :i* !y furni%$1 ,navy design]s 7 work+ on plans1 :5 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,navy1 9 ,febru>y #aiag1 #fj days be=e ! decl>ation ( w>1 ord]$ #af blimps />t$ at once4 ,n9e ( ^! 7 to be built by ,goodye> :i* _h at lea/ giv5 "s /udy to ! pr9ciples1 _h built a few balloons1 "o ( :i*1 fl[n by its eng9e]s out ( ,p>is1 _h won ! ,james ,gordon ,b5nett ,cup ,race4 ,no "o 9 ?is c\ntry1 h[ev]1 knew mu* ab\t build+ air%ips1 & less ab\t fly+ !m aft] !y 7 built4 ,op]at+ bases w\ld h to be built & ! v con/ruction plants z well4 ,! fir/ ,goodye> air%ip "u ! ,navy ord] 0 complet$ be=e ! air%ip dock 7hang>7 at ,w+foot ,lake 0 ready1 & ! %ip _h to be erect$ 9 ,*icago & fl[n 94 ,! eng9e]s :o built x1 ,upson & ,pre/on1 made _! fir/ air%ip flight 9 deliv]+ ! %ip to ,akron1 us+ !oretical pr9ciples appli$ 9 ! int]national balloon race ! ye> be=e1 to make up = _! lack ( practical exp]i5ce4 ,^? fir/ %ips 7 small1 sl[1 lack$ range1 uncov]$ _m %ortcom+s4 ,flight tra9+ 0 done "u adv]se circum/ances4 ,m5 _h to tea* !mselves to fly air%ips1 !n tea* o!rs to fly !m4 ,! pilots 7 *iefly eng9e]+ /ud5ts f ! colleges1 ) a spr9kl+ ( ,navy (fic]s4 ,!y _h to take _! advanc$ tra9+ abroad at ,briti% & ,fr5* bases1 because !re 7 no facilities "h1 & 9 fact did mo/ ( _! fly+ abroad4 ,by ! end ( ! w> ,am]ican pilots 7 mann+ ?ree ,briti% air%ip bases & _h tak5 ov] practically all ! ,fr5* op]ations1 includ+ ! l>ge base at ,paimboeuf1 across ! ,loire f ,/4 ,nazaire1 on ! ,fr5* coa/4 ,s ! w> 0 well along be=e ,am]ican bases 7 set up & mann$4 ,^! 7 at ,*a?am1 ,mass41 at ,montauk & ,rockaway1 ,n4 ,y41 at ,cape ,may1 ,norfolk & ,key ,we/4 ,l ! airplane patrols ! blimps saw little action1 ?\gh !y _h an advantage 9 t !y c\ld /ay out all day1 :ile ! %ort range planes ( #aiag-ah _h to come back e few h\rs to refuel4 ,a patrol air%ip at ,*a?am1 ,mass4 miss$ its *ance 9 t x 0 adrift at sea ) eng9e tr\ble :5 ! ,g]man ,u-#aef slipp$ into ! h>bor at ne>by ,orleans & wip$ out "s fi%+ boats--?\gh x might h done no bett] ?an ! fir/ plane :i* rea*$ ! sc5e1 ^: few bombs did n explode4 ,! blimp patrols1 h[ev]1 uncov]$ "o o!r type ( activity4 ,m ?an once !y spott$ suspici\s look+ craft em]g+ "u cov] ( fog1 f remote coves & inlets along ! ,long ,isl& coa/1 fi%+ boats & b>ges ) improvis$ p[] plant & curi\s look+ p>aph]nalia on deck4 ,keep+ ! /rang] 9 sight ! blimp summon$ armor$ craft f %ore :i* s5t bo>d+ crews on1 f\nd m9es de/9$ = ! ,new ,york /eam%ip lanes4 ,a m important result ( ! blimp op]ations 0 ! improvem5ts 9 design :i* 7 f\nd1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! 8,c0 type %ip1 br\ght out 9 #aiah1 ( :i* #bj 7 built4 ,!y _h mu* bett] p]=mance 9 range1 p[]1 c\ld make #fj miles spe$1 7 fa/] ?an any air%ips except ! ,zeppel9s4 ,navy (fic]s & crews came to h high respect = !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h's ! gallant ,c-#e1 :i* ) a bit ( luck w\ld h be5 ! fir/ aircraft to cross ! ,atlantic4 7,u4 ,s4 ,navy photo7 ,illu/ration3 ,w+foot ,lake1 ,akron1 0 a busy place dur+ ! fir/ w>1 z ! spawn+ gr\nd ( scores ( blimps1 hundr$s ( tra9+ & obs]vation balloons4 ,illu/ration3 8,f+] pat*es0 ( rope ends ravel$ out & cem5t$ to ! outside ( ! bag 7 us$ 9 #aiah to support ! weight ( ! gondola--an improvis$ airplane fuselage4 ,illu/ration3 ,dur+ mo/ ( ! p]iod betwe5 ,_w w>s ! ,navy _h only a few ,j-type %ips1 b us$ !m effectively 9 tra9+ & exp]im5tal "w4 7,u4 ,s4 ,navy photo7 ,:i* l$ to "o ( ! int]e/+ a]onautic adv5ture /ories ( ! p]iod4 ,x happ5$ j aft] ! ,armi/ice4 ,m5 _h come out ( ! w> ) imag9ations afire ov] ! possibilities ( aircraft4 ,"o *all5ge lay op5--! ,atlantic--no "o _h fl[n x4 ,9 ! brea?+ spell br\ght by ! ,armi/ice1 ! ,briti% 7 prep>+ _! new ,zeppel9 ,r-#cd = ! cross+2 two ,engli% planes 7 be+ %ipp$ to ,newf\ndl& to try to fly back2 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,navy _h a seaplane cross+ 9 prospect4 ,!re 0 ev5 a ,g]man plan4 ,a new ,zeppel9 _h j be5 f9i%$ at ,fri$ri*%af5 :5 ! ,armi/ice 0 sign$1 & ! crew plann$ to fly x to ,am]ica z a demon/ration--b au?orities got w9d ( x & block$ ! v5ture4 ,b ( all ! ,atlantic cross+s ab\t :i* m5 7 dream+ 9 e>ly #aiai1 none is m int]e/+ ?an ! "o project$ = ! little blimps4 ,! ,c-#e1 newe/ ( ! non-rigid air%ips built = ! ,navy1 0 /ation$ at ,montauk1 & !re "o night a gr\p ( (fic]s sat int5sively /udy+ *>ts & wea!r maps4 ,/4 ,john's1 ,newf\ndl&1 #a1djj miles away1 w\ld be ! fir/ leg ( ! trip4 ,x 0 easily )9 ! cruis+ radius ( ! %ip1 p>ticul>ly if !y got help+ w9ds1 :i* !y %\ld if ! "t 0 c>efully pick$4 ,f !re to ,irel& 0 ano!r #ahej miles1 also )9 range ) ! prevail+ we/]ly w9ds4 ,p]mission 0 ask$ f ,wa%+ton1 & ! ,navy fla%$ back its approval & its bless+1 assign$ five exp]i5c$ (fic]s to ! project3 ,lieut4 ,comdr4 ,coil1 ,lieuts4 ,lawr5ce1 ,little1 ,pre/on1 & ,peck4 ,! ,,uss ,*icago 0 s5t ahead to ,/4 ,john's to /& by & give any help ne$$4 ,%ortly aft] sunrise on ,may #ae1 #aiai1 motors 7 w>m$ up & ! %ip %ov$ (f f ! tip ( ,long ,isl& ) six m5 abo>d head$ = ,newf\ndl&4 ,at #g o'clock ! next morn+ !y circl$ ov] ! deck ( ! ,*icago1 dropp$ _! h&l+ l9es to ! wait+ gr\nd crew on a rocky po9t at ,/4 ,john's4 ,! fir/ leg _h be5 made 9 a little m ?an #bd h\rs1 at an av]age spe$ ( ne>ly #fj miles p] h\r4 ,! morn+ 0 cle> & comp>atively calm4 ,coil & ,lawr5ce w5t abo>d ! ,*icago to cat* a little sleep be=e ! f9al hop ov] ! ocean4 ,! o!rs saw to re-fuel+ ! ,c-#e1 /[+ provisions abo>d1 topp+ (f a bit ( hydrog5 f ! cyl9d]s alongside4 ,me*anics sw>m$ ov] ! motors4 ,all 0 well4 ,b ab\t #aj o'clock gu/s began to sweep d[n f ,hudson's ,bay1 dragg+ ! gr\nd crew ov] ! rocks4 ,!re 7 no moor+ ma/s 9 ^? days4 ,a mod]n ma/ w\ld h sav$ ! %ip4 ,m sailors 7 put on ! l9es & ^w s5t to ,coil & ,lawr5ce4 ,if ! gr\nd crew c\ld hold ! %ip till ! pilots c\ld get abo>d & cut loose1 ! /orm w\ld give !m a fly+ />t ov] ! ,atlantic4 ,b ! w9d blew /eadily /rong] z ! comm&] 0 hurry+ a%ore4 ,x rea*$ gale =ce1 hurricane =ce1 #dj knots1 #fj knots 9 gu/s1 v>y+ 9 direction crazily ar\nd a #fj-;degree arc4 ,x pick$ ! %ip up & slamm$ x d[n1 damag+ ! fuselage1 break+ a propell]4 ,little & ,peck climb$ abo>d to pull ! rip panel & let ! gas out4 ,aft] ! /orm pass$1 !y c\ld cem5t ! panel back 91 re9flate ! bag & g on4 ,b ! fates 7 aga9/ !m4 ,! cord lead+ to ! rip panel broke4 ,desp]ately1 ! two m5 />t$ climb+ up ! susp5sion cables to ! gas bag ) knives1 plann+ to rip ! panel out by h&4 ,b a trem5d\s gu/ caught ! %ip1 lift$ x up4 ,see+ ! dang] to ! crew1 ,peck %\t$ to !m to let g1 & he & ,little dropp$ ov] ! side4 ,little broke an ankle4 ,! %ip surg$ upw>d1 crewless1 set (f l ano!r 8,fly+ ,dut*man0 across ! ,atlantic1 0 nev] se5 aga94 ,j ?ree days lat] ,hawk] & ,grieve set out f ,/4 ,john's1 l&$ 9 ! ocean4 ,alcock & ,br[n cut loose _! l&+ ge> a mon? lat] & l&$ 9 ,irel&4 ,"o ( ! ?ree ,navy seaplanes1 ! ,,nc-#d1 rea*$ ,europe on ,may #ca & ! ,briti% dirigible ,r-#cd set out on ,july #b = its successful r\nd trip to ,mit*el ,field4 ,b = a trick ( fate & ! lack ( equipm5t available today1 a blimp w\ld h be5 fir/ to get across4 ,_m ?+s happ5$ 9 ! air%ip field betwe5 ! two w>s1 b mo/ ( !m affect$ non-rigid air%ips only indirectly1 z ! ,navy 0 prim>ily conc]n$ ) ! l>g] rigids4 ,! loss ( ! ,h9d5burg by hydrog5 fire 7:i* ,am]ican helium w\ld h prev5t$71 com+ on ! heels ( tragic setbacks 9 ?is c\ntry 0 en\gh to dismay anyone except ,comm&] ,c4 ,e4 ,ros5dahl & 8 /\!>t$ associates at ,lakehur/ ,naval ,air ,/ation4 ,!y didn't give up4 ,setbacks 7 inevitable to progress4 ,c\nt ,zeppel9 _h built & lo/ five rigid air%ips prior to #aiji1 b he w5t on to build %ips :i* 7 fl[n successfully 9 w> & peace4 ,if ! ,g]mans1 us+ hydrog51 c\ld d ?is1 ,am]icans1 ) helium1 %\ld n f9d x impossible1 ,lakehur/ reason$4 ,& if !y _h no rigid air%ips to fly & no imm$iate likelihood ( gett+ any !y w\ld use blimps4 ,! ,navy 0 m famili> ?an ! public ) :at ! ,briti% & ,fr5* air%ips _h accompli%$ 9 ! fir/ w>4 ,/udy+1 z all ,navy (fic]s 7 do+ 9 t p]iod1 ! v>i\s possibilities ( attack & def5se1 9 case ! w> !n ?reat5+ ,europe %\ld sweep across ! ,atlantic1 !y came to ! conclusion t ! coa/ l9e ( ,am]ica 0 no m remote f ,g]man subm>9es 9 #aich ?an ! coa/ ( ,engl& 0 9 #aiad4 ,! airplane _h improv$ va/ly 9 spe$1 range1 & /rik+ p[]1 & _! v multiplicity _h rul$ out ! blimps ov] ! ,engli% *annel1 ev5 if helium 0 available1 b ^? conclusions did n hold along ! ,am]ican coa/4 ,! h]oic "p play$ by ,alli$ blimps 0 a "p ( ! leg5d ( ! air%ip s]vice4 ,no?+ new develop$ 9 w> _h subtract$ any?+ f ! ability ( ,am]ican air%ips to d 9 ?is w> :at ,briti% non-rigids _h done 9 ! la/4 ,comm&] ,j4 ,l4 ,k5wor?y & aft] him ,comm&] ,g4 ,h4 ,mills z comm&+ (fic] at ,lakehur/ turn$ to non-rigids4 ,"u ,mills 0 in/itut$1 quietly1 uno/5tati\sly1 ) :at %ips he _h1 a s]ies ( practice patrols to det]m9e ! usefulness ( air%ips 9 ?is field1 to discov] & p]fect te*nique1 & to tra9 (fic]s & m54 ,lakehur/ _h a curi\s conglom]ation ( air%ips to />t )4 ,!re 7 two ,j %ips ( imm$iate po/-w> type1 ) op5 cockpits1 #baj1jjj cubic feet capacity2 two ,,tc %ips1 inh]it$ f ! ,army1 ( m mod]n design1 & l>g] size2 ! ,,zmc#b1 an exp]im5tal job built to /udy ! use ( a metal cov]1 & ab\t to be scrapp$ aft] n9e ye>s ( exi/5ce2 ! ,l-#a1 ! same size z ! ,goodye> %ips1 #abc1jjj cubic feet1 ! fir/ mod]n tra9+ %ip1 :i* w\ld be jo9$ lat] by ! ,l-#b & ,l-#c2 ! ,g-#a1 a l>g] tra9] ( ,goodye> ,def5d] size1 useful = gr\p in/ruction1 & ! #cbj1jjj cubic foot ,k-#a1 :i* _h be5 built = exp]im5ts 9 ! use ( fuel gas4 ,only ! ,k-#b1 prototype ( ! #daf1jjj cubic foot patrol %ips lat] ord]$ c\ld be call$ a mod]n air%ip1 ?\gh ! ,army dirigibles also _h good cruis+ radius4 ,yet ) ?is curi\s assortm5t ( air%ips ( v>i\s sizes1 types & ages1 ! ,navy c>ri$ on practice patrols cov]+ ! areas betwe5 ,montauk & ! ,virg9ia ,capes1 fly+ day aft] day1 built an impressive accumulation ( flight data1 miss$ v few days on acc\nt ( wea!r1 made x a po9t n to miss a r5dezv\s ) ! surface fleet4 ,m ?an any "o ?+ x 0 ?is demon/ration1 ov] an #ah-mon? p]iod1 :i* l$ to ! revival ( an air%ip program 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! ord]+ ( %ips & l& bases4 ,let u see :at a blimp patrol is l4 ,! air%ip c fly up to #fe knots or bett]1 b ?is is no spe$ flight4 ,! motors are ?rottl$ d[n to #dj knots1 s t ! crew may see cle>ly1 take its "t1 /udy ! mov+ surface und]nea?1 scrut9ize e trace ( oil sme> on ! surface1 al]t = ! tell-tale 8fea!r0 ( ! subm>9e's wake1 air bubbles1 a phosphoresc5t gl[ at night1 = ev5 a bit ( debris :i* might conceal a p]iscope4 ,a s*ool ( :ales1 a lone hamm]head %>k on ! surface or subm]g$ /irs ! int]e/ ( ! patrol1 (f]s a tempt+ live t>get = ! bombs1--light *>ges ) little m p[d] ?an a %ot gun %ell uses4 ,n[ a %ip records a direct hit on a %>k's back #ejj feet bel[4 ,he %akes 8 head1 dives to escape ?is unse5 enemy al(t4 ,! air%ip gives *ase1 foll[s ! mov+ %ad[ bel[1 s /rik+ly resembl+ a subm>9e1 f9ds ! practice useful4 ,( ! crew ( eight1 ev]yone on ! air%ip is on wat*1 ) an obs]vation t[] op5 on all sides1 )\t int]f]5ce ( w+s1 z 9 ! airplane4 ,comp>$ ) surface craft1 ! air%ip c patrol m area 9 a dawn to dusk patrol because ( its spe$ & its wide range ( unbrok5 obs]vation4 ,! subm>9e is m effici5t 9 relatively %all[ dep?s1 b air%ips h spott$ ! silh\ett$ %ad[ ( ,u-boats 9 cle> wat] z deep z #gj feet bel[ ! surface4 ,! subm>9e w attempt to maneuv] )9 a mile ( its t>get to laun* its torp$oes effectively4 ,b ev5 at a mile away ! t5 in*es ( p]iscope :i* projects above ! surface is difficult = o!r craft to detect1--ei!r = a cruis] at sea level1 or an airplane1 fly+ at relatively high spe$1 a ?reat ei!r may miss4 ,air%ip crews are at action /ations ev5 dur+ peace "t1 on ! al]t aga9/ ! appe>ance ( /range craft4 ,!y id5tify ea* pass+ %ip ?r\gh b9ocul>s1 by voice or radio1 tak+ no *ances t attack )\t w>n+ by a seem+ peaceful %ip might n be a decl>ation ( w>4 ,z _m z #dj or #ej %ips may be enc\nt]$ & id5tifi$ 9 a day's patrol4 ,! air%ips are (f at sun-up1 back at sund[n1 unless on m ext5d$ reconnaissance1 move quietly into ! big dock4 ,patrol is t$i\s "w4 ,occasionally !re is a break 9 ! r\t9e4 ,lt4 ,boyd has be5 assign$ comm& ( ! big ,,tc-#ad = ! next day's patrol4 ,he is up late /udy+ ! curi\s tracks he is to foll[ 9 coord9ation ) ! o!r air%ips4 ,at midnight h[ev] ! radio br+s />tl+ ^w4 ,an airplane leav+ ,norfolk ) a crew ( t5 = ,newport1 is report$ miss+4 ,ne>by de/roy]s1 airplanes1 air%ips1 are ord]$ out z a se>*+ p>ty4 ,! ,,tc-#ad1 hav+ ! longe/ cruis+ radius1 #eb h\rs )\t refuel+1 is s5t (f at once1 ) a s5ior (fic]1 ,lt4 ,trott]1 9 *>ge4 ,m5's lives may be at /ake4 ,by daylight1 ! ,,tc-#ad has fl[n ov] ! entire nor!rn half ( ! plane's track & back1 wat*+ int5tly = di/ress signals or fl>es or any sign ( ! di/ress$ plane4 ,?ree miles nor? ( ,hog ,isl& light outside ,norfolk1 ! %ip enc\nt]s fog ext5d+ cle> to ! wat]4 ,se>* ( ?is area is hopeless & ! %ip sc\ts ! edges1 waits = ! fog to burn (f4 ,at noon z x lifts1 pieces ( wreckage are spott$ at ! v area :i* x _h hidd51 & :i* ! ,,tc-#ad _h fl[n ov] five h\rs e>li]4 ,! air%ip cruis$ ar\nd1 hop+ t "s bit ( wreckage might support a survivor1 f9ally return$ to its /ation aft] #bj h\rs1 dur+ :i* "t x _h cov]$ #a1jjj miles1 int5sively 9 p>allel c\rses #bj miles wide4 ,_h ! luckless plane or any ( its crew be5 able to s5d up fl>es any:]e )9 an area ( #bj1jjj squ>e miles ( wat]1 ! air%ip c\ld h come up alongside & effect$ a rescue 9 a matt] ( m9utes4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,lt4 ,boyd1 orig9ally assign$ to ,,tc-#ad1 0 up at dawn only to le>n ( ! *ange 9 plans4 ,he 0 assign$ to pilot ! small] ,g-#a tra9] to ,new ,london1 keep a %>p look-out enr\te = ! miss+ plane1 !n "w ) ! de/roy]s on torp$o ex]cises4 ,! ,g-#a _h no galley abo>d & 9 ! ru% ! matt] ( food = an #ah-;h\r cruise 0 someh[ ov]look$1 & ,boyd & 8 crew set (f ) only a c\ple ( s>d9e s&wi*es apiece & a pot ( c(fee1 :i* quickly grew cold4 ,late 9 ! aft]noon1 see+ 8 crew gr[+ hungri] & hungri]1--= air%ipp+ is excell5t = ! appetite1--,boyd _h an idea4 ,he radio$ ! ,de/roy] ,division ,comm&]3 8,aft] la/ torp$o recov]$1 w\ld y be able to furni% u ) "s hot c(fee & a loaf ( bread1 if we l[] a conta9] on a #bjj-;foot l9e across y\r aft] deck80 ,nev] 9 naval hi/ory _h an air%ip borr[$ *[ f a surface craft4 ,b ! answ] came promptly4 8,affirmative4 ,d y wi% cream & sug>80 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 ! books giv+ ! proc$ure = borr[+ a meal f ! air1 b ! crew rigg$ up a l9e f a t>get sleeve reel1 fa/5$ a hook ) a quick release at ! end1 atta*$ a monkey wr5* to weight x d[n1 /ood by = ! ^w to come alongside4 ,!n :ile ! crews ( ?ree de/roy]s wat*$1 ! ,g-#a swung sl[ly ov] ! de/roy]'s deck4 ,"o sailor caught ! l9e held x :ile a second fill$ ! c(fee pot1 & a ?ird atta*$ a load ( s&wi*es4 ,!n ! air%ip sailors haul$ away1 radio$ _! ?anks1 set (f = ! #bjj mile trip back to ,lakehur/1 :ile hundr$s ( sailors bel[ wav$ _! :ite caps & *e]$1 a little int]-%ip c\rtesy betwe5 sky & sea :i* all h&s w long rememb]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,! ,beg9n+s ( ,flight ,illu/ration3 ,hot-air balloon ,9 ! spr+ ( #aghc1 z ! ,am]ican ,revolution 0 ne>+ a successful conclusion1 two bro!rs nam$ ,montgolfi] sitt+ be=e a fire at a little t[n 9 ,france f\nd !mselves wond]+ :y smoke w5t up into ! air4 ,t 0 j z fooli% z ,newton wond]+ :y an apple1 deta*$ f ! tree1 fell d[n4 ,smoke _h always gone up & apples _h always come d[n4 ,t 0 all !re 0 to x4 ,b :5 m5 wond] mom5t\s ev5ts may be 9 ! mak+4 ,9 ^! in/ances epo*al discov]ies result$3 ! law ( gravitation & ! possibility ( human flight4 ,! leg5ds ( ,ic>us & ! n>rative ( ,d>ius ,gre5 are symbols ( ! long ambition ( e>?-b\nd m51 ev5 be=e ! days ( record$ hi/ory1 to leave ! e>? & so> into ! air4 ,! ,montgolfi]s _h f\nd ! key4 ,b a hundr$ ye>s w\ld pass be=e ! discov]y w\ld be put to use4 ,x 0 9 #aijc t ano!r pair ( bro!rs1 ! ,wrights1 made _! fir/ flight f ,kill ,devil ,hill 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,! fir/ ,zeppel9 took (f f ! %ores ( ,lake ,con/ance 9 #aijj4 ,! ,montgolfi]s wa/$ no "t te/+ out _! conclusion t smoke rose because x 0 light] ?an ! air4 ,!y built a great pap] bag #ce feet high1 hung a brazi] ( burn+ *>coal "u x1 & (f x w5t4 ,annonnay is a small t[n b ! /ory ( t miracle spread f> & wide4 ,! ,academy ( ,sci5ce invit$ !m to ! capital to repeat ! exp]im5t4 ,b :ile !y 7 build+ a new bag a ,fr5* physici/1 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,a4 ,c4 ,*>les1 /ole a m>* on !m4 ,he knew t hydrog5 0 also light] ?an air1 s con/ruct$ a bag ( silk1 inflat$ x ) hydrog51 s5t x al(t be=e ! ,montgolfi]s 7 ready4 ,/ill ! c\ntrym5 7 n to lose _! h\r ( glory4 ,m]ely to repeat :at _h already be5 done 0 n en\gh4 ,_! balloon 0 to be fl[n f ! gr\nds ( ! ,palace ( ,v]sailles1 be=e ! k+ & c\rt & all ! great folk ( ,p>is1 ) half ! p ( ! city cran+ _! necks to wat* x pass ov]4 ,s !y load$ abo>d a basket conta9+ a %eep1 a duck & a roo/]1 & ^! ?ree became aircraft's fir/ pass5g]s4 ,:5 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,army ,air ,corps ye>s lat] s\ght an appropriate insignia = its light]-?an-air division1 x c\ld ?9k ( no?+ m fitt+ ?an a design :i* includ$ a roo/]1 a duck & a %eep4 ,ev]yone 0 ready = ! next /ep4 ,a ,fr5* judge _h ! solution4 ,he (f]$ ! *oice to sev]al prison]s await+ execution--a balloon flight or ! guillot9e4 ,two volunte]$1 felt !y _h at lea/ a *ance ) ! balloon1 :]eas ! guillot9e 0 di/ress+ly f9al4 ,!y _h no?+ to lose4 ,t ^w rang ?r\gh ,p>is4 ,a "y gallant nam$ ,de ,rozi] object$4 8,! *ance might succe$10 he said4 8,! honor ( be+ ! fir/ man to fly %\ld n g to a convict1 b to a g5tleman ( ,france4 ,i (f] my life40 ,ev5 ! k+ prote/$ at ?is ne$less risk1 b ,de ,rozi] took (f ! foll[+ mon?1 flew half way ov] ,p>is1 l&$ safely4 ,?is happ5$ on ,nov4 #ba1 #aghc4 ,among ! witnesses to ^! exp]im5ts 0 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ! ,am]ican ambassador1 himself a sci5ti/ ( no small r5[n4 ,he pr$ict$ great ?+s = a]onautics4 8,b ( :at use is a balloon80 ask$ a practical-m9d$ fri5d4 8,( :at use10 repli$ ! ,am]ican1 8is a baby80 ,a little lat]1 on ,janu>y #g1 #aghe1 ,jean ,pi]re ,francois ,blan*>d1 a ,fr5*man1 & ,dr4 ,john ,jeffries1 an ,am]ican1 practic+ m$ic9e 9 ,engl&1 inflat$ a balloon1 took (f f ! cliffs ( ,dov] at "o o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 arriv$ safely 9 ,calais ?ree h\rs lat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,santos ,dumont />tl$ ,p>is 9 #aiaj1 :5 he let an ,am]ican girl fly "o ( 8 air%ips ov] ! city4 ,to desc5d %e ?rew h] weight =w>d1 to climb %e mov$ back a /ep4 ,illu/ration3 ,a dramatic meet+ ( two rivals = ! honor ( mak+ ! fir/ ,atlantic cross+4 ,! ,navy's ,,nc fly+ boats & ! non-rigid ,c-#e1 photograph$ %ortly be=e _! take-(f4 ,illu/ration3 ,blimps too may use ma/s abo>d surface %ips z an*orage po9t on long cruises1 z ! ,u4,s4,s4 ,los ,angeles successfully demon/rat$ :5 moor$ to ! ,u4,s4,s4 ,patoka4 7,u4 ,s4 ,navy photo7 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,army's ,,tc-#g demon/rates ! fir/ airplane pick-up at ,dayton4 ,army pilots f\nd t at fly+ spe$ ! plane weigh$ no?+1 0 su/a9$ by dynamic =ces4 7,u4 ,s4 ,army photo7 ,flight 0 "h1 ?\gh x w\ld be a long "t becom+ practical4 ,dr4 ,*>les & _m o!rs contribut$1 ev5 at t e>ly day4 ,kn[+ t hydrog5 exp&$ z ! air pressure grew less1 at high] altitudes1 ,*>les devis$ a valve at ! top ( ! balloon1 s t ! surplus gas c\ld be releas$1 n bur/ ! balloon4 ,he devis$ a net f :i* ! basket c\ld be susp5d$1 di/ribut+ its load ov] ! entire bag4 ,! drag rope 0 evolv$1 an +5i\s device to /abilize ! balloon's flight 9 un/able air4 ,if ! balloon t5d$ to rise x w\ld h to c>ry ! entire weight ( ! rope4 ,if x grew sluggi% & drift$ l[1 x _h less weight to c>ry1 z mu* ( ! rope n[ lay on ! gr\nd4 ,^! balloon+ pr9ciples1 e>ly f\nd1 are /ill 9 use4 ,b ! 8dirigible0 balloon1 or air%ip mu/ wait = light weight1 dep5dable motors1 despite ! hundr$s ( +5i\s exp]im5ts made by m5 ov] a full c5tury4 ,s9ce ?is is an air%ip /ory1 we %\ld fir/ make cle> ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! air%ip & ! airplane4 ,! ,fr5* hit on an apt phrase to di/+ui% !m1 divid+ aircraft into ^? :i* are light] ?an ! air1 su* z air%ips1 & ^? :i* are heavi] ?an ! air1 l airplanes4 ,air%ips are lit]ally light] ?an air4 ,s are all free balloons1 us$ = tra9+ & rac+1 & all an*or$ balloons1 su* z ! obs]vation balloon widely us$ 9 ! la/ w> & ! b>rage balloons ( ! pres5t w>4 ,! air%ip goes up & /ays up because ! buoyancy giv5 by its lift+ gas makes x actually light] ?an ! air x displaces1 & ev5 ) ! load ( motors1 fuel1 equipm5t & pass5g]s1 mu/ /ill use balla/ to hold x 9 equilibrium4 ,! airplane1 on ! o!r h&1 is heavi] ?an ! air4 ,ev5 ! lighte/ plane c /ay up only if x is mov+ fa/ en\gh to get a lift+ effect f ! movem5t ( air along ! w+s1 simil> to t :i* makes a kite /ay up4 ,a kite may be fl[n 9 calm wea!r only if ! "o :o holds ! cord keeps runn+4 ,on a w9dy day1 ! kite may be an*or$ on ! gr\nd1 & ! movem5t ( ! w9d alone w h suffici5t lift+ effect4 ,s p[]ful are ^! air =ces t a plane weigh+ #bj tons may climb to an altitude ( #aj1jjj feet if its spe$ is great en\gh1 & its area ( w+ surface broad en\gh to produce ?is kit+ effect4 ,b an airplane c rema9 al(t only z long z x is mov+ fa/] ?an a c]ta9 m9imum spe$4 ,cut ! motors1 or ev5 ?rottle d[n bel[ ?is /all+ spe$1 & ! plane w />t e>?w>d4 ,! air%ip ne$s its motors only to propel x =w>d4 ,x c cut its spe$1 ev5 /op its eng9es1 & no?+ happ5s4 ,x reta9s its buoyancy1 cont9ues to float4 ,! airplane's lift is dynamic1 t ( ! air%ip is /atic4 ,! air%ip has "s dynamic lift1 also1 because its horizontal f9s or rudd]s1 & ! body ( ! air%ip h "s kit+ effect 9 flight4 ,! blimp pilot1 />t+ on a long trip1 w fill up 8 tanks ) all ! fuel ! %ip c lift /atically1 !n take on ano!r #b1jjj p\nds1 taxi across ! airport till he gets fly+ spe$ & s get "u way ) _m m miles add$ to 8 cruis+ spe$4 ,?is dynamic lift h[ev]1 :ile useful 9 c]ta9 op]ations is /ill incid5tal4 ,prim>ily ! air%ip gets its lift f ! fact t ! gas 9 ! envelope is mu* light] ?an ! air4 ,hydrog5 is only "o-fifte5? ! weight ( air1 helium1 ! non-inflammable ,am]ican gas1 is a little heavi]1 ab\t "o-sev5?4 ,! practical lift is #fh p\nds to ! ?\s& cubic feet ( hydrog51 #fc p\nds 9 ! case ( helium4 ,light]-?an-air %ips are ( ?ree classes1 rigid1 semi-rigid & non-rigid4 ,! rigid air%ip has a complete metal skeleton1 :i* gives ! %ip /r5g? & %ape4 ,into ! metal frame ( ! rigid air%ip are built qu>t]s1 %ops1 communication ways1 ev5 eng9e rooms 9 ! case ( ! ,akron & ,macon1 ) only ! control c>1 f9s1 & propell]s project+ outside ! symmetrical hull4 ,! lift+ gas is c>ri$ 9 a doz5 or m sep>ate gas cells1 ne/$ )9 ! bays ( ! %ip4 ,! non-rigid air%ip has no su* int]nal support4 ,! bag keeps its taut %ape only f ! gas & air pressure ma9ta9$ )94 ,release ! gas & ! bag becomes m]ely a flabby mass ( fabric on ! hang> floor4 ,%ip crews d n live 9 ! balloon section1 b 9 ! control c> bel[4 ,! ,briti%1 apt at nicknames1 diff]5tiat$ betwe5 ! two types ( air%ips by call+ !m 8rigid0 & 8limp0 types1 & s9ce an e>ly 8,type ,b0 0 widely us$ 9 ! fir/ ,_w ,w>1 quickly contract$ 8,b1 limp0 into ! h&i] ^w 8,blimp40 ,! ?ird type1 semi-rigid1 has a metal keel ext5d+ ! l5g? ( ! %ip1 to :i* control surfaces & ! c> are atta*$1 & ) a metal cone to /iff5 ! b[ section4 ,! rigid %ip is ( ,g]man orig94 ,develop$ by ,c\nt ,zeppel91 retir$ army (fic]1 & l>gely us$ by t nation dur+ ! w> ( #aiad-ah1 x 0 tak5 up aft] ! w> />t$1 by ! ,briti% & ,am]icans1 & to a small ext5t lat] by ,france & ,italy4 ,non-rigid %ips 7 widely us$ by ! ,briti% & ,fr5*1 to a less ext5t by ,italy & ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! int]m$iate semi-rigid 0 l>gely ,italian & ,fr5* 9 w> use1 ?\gh ,unit$ ,/ates b\ght "o %ip aft] ! w> f ! ,italians1 built "o itself4 ,! ,g]mans also built small] ,p>seval semi-rigids4 ,! rigid air%ips are ! l>ge/1 ! non-rigids smalle/4 ,! rigid has to be l>ge to hold en\gh gas to lift its metal frame along ) ! load ( fuel1 oil1 crew1 supplies1 pass5g]s & c>go4 ,! blimps c be mu* small]4 ,! ,army's fir/ air%ip1 built by ,major ,tom ,baldw91 old "t ballooni/1 _h #ai1ejj cubic feet capacity4 ,goodye>'s pione] helium %ip 8,pilgrim0 _h #ea1jjj cubic feet4 ,^! contra/ ) ! sev5 million feet capacity ( ! ,h9d5burg1 & ! t5 million cubic feet ( %ips project$ = ! future4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ ! range ( sizes3 ,rigid ,air%ips3 ,h9d5burg 7,g]man7 #g1jgj1jjj cubic feet ,akron-,macon 7,u4 ,s47 #f1ejj1jjj cubic feet ,r-#ajj1 #aja 7,briti%7 #e1jjj1jjj cubic feet ,graf ,zeppel9 7,g]man7 #c1gjj1jjj cubic feet ,los ,angeles 7,u4 ,s47 #b1ejj1jjj cubic feet ,r-#cd 7,briti%7 #b1jjj1jjj cubic feet ,semi-,rigids3 ,norge 7,italian7 #fgj1jjj cubic feet ,,rs-#a 7,u4 ,s47 #gai1jjj cubic feet ,non-,rigids3 ,navy ,k type 7,patrol7 #daf1jjj cubic feet ,navy ,g type 7,advanc$ ,tra9+7 #ahj1jjj cubic feet ,navy ,l type 7,tra9]7 #abc1jjj cubic feet ,goodye> 7,pass5g]7 #abc1jjj cubic feet ,pilgrim 7,goodye>7 #ea1jjj cubic feet ,! ,akron & ,macon 7 #ghe feet 9 l5g?1 ! ,k type non-rigid1 #bej feet long1 ! ,navy 8,l's0 #aej feet long4 ,let's cut back n[ to ! ,montgolfi]s4 ,progress 0 disappo9t+ly sl[4 ,! simple balloon w\ld only g up & d[n1 & 9 ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,be=e x c\ld be practical1 m5 mu/ be able to drive x :]ev] !y lik$1 make x dirigible1 or directable4 ,+5i\s m51 ,meusni]1 ,giff>d1 ,tiss&i]1 ,r5>d1 ,krebs1 _m o!rs work$ ov] t problem ?r\gh ! entire n9ete5? c5tury4 ,!y devis$ ballonets or air comp>tm5ts to keep ! pressure up4 ,!y built air%ips ( cyl9d] %ape1 sp9dle %ape1 torp$o %ape1 air%ips %ap$ l a cig>1 l a /r+ bean1 l a :ale4 ,b ! /umbl+ block rema9$1 ! ne$ ( an effici5t p[] plant4 ,! /eam eng9e 0 dep5dable1 b once y _h in/all$ firebox1 boil] & cord wood abo>d1 !re 0 little if any lift rema9+ = crew or c>go4 ,giff>d 9 #aheb built an +5i\s small eng9e us+ /eam b x /ill weigh$ #ajj p\nds p] horsep[]1 drove ! %ip at a spe$ ( only ?ree miles an h\r4 ,automobile eng9es today weigh z little z six p\nds p] horsep[]1 mod]n airplane eng9es "o p\nd p] horsep[]4 ,man exp]im5t$ ) fea!r-blad$ o>s1 ) a screw propell]1 turn$ by h&1 us+ a crew ( eight m54 ,ha5le91 ,g]man1 built a motor t w\ld use ! lift+ gas f ! %ip--coal gas or hydrog54 ,r5n>d 9 #ahhd built an electric motor1 tak+ p[] f a /orage batt]y4 ,b real progress w\ld h to wait = ! discov]y ( petroleum 9 ,p5nsylvania & ! inv5tion ( ! int]nal combu/ion eng9e4 ,:5 ! gasol9e eng9e came 91 9 ! #ij's1 ! dirigible build]s saw ! long s\ght key to _! problem4 ,:ile ,c\nt ,zeppel9 0 exp]im5t+ ) 8 big %ips 9 ,g]many1 ,lebaudy1 ,juliot1 ,clem5t ,bay>d 9 ,france & mo/ conspicu\sly ! "y ,brazilian1 ,santos ,dumont1 7 work+ ) ! small] dirigibles4 ,santos ,dumont built #ad air%ips 9 ! fir/ decade ( ! c5tury1 br\ght ! att5tion ( ! _w to ?is project4 ,he won a #ajj1jjj franc prize 9 #aija = fly+ across ,p>is to circle ,eiffel ,t[] & return to 8 />t+ po9t--& gave ! money to ! ,p>is poor4 ,! ,wright ,bro!rs made _! hi/oric flight at ,kitty ,hawk1 9 #aijc1 op5+ a diff]5t field ( exp]im5t4 ,france pu%$ bo? l9es ( rese>*4 ,aft] ,santos ,dumont's dirigible flight1 ,bl]iot />t$ f ! little t[n ( ,t\ry 9 an airplane1 flew to ! next t[n & back1 a di/ance ( #ag miles1 mak+ only two en r\te /ops1--& ! t[n erect$ a monum5t to him4 ,9 #aiji1 ,bl]iot flew a plane across ! ,engli% ,*annel & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! air%ip ,clem5t ,bay>d ,,ii duplicat$ ! feat1 c>ry+ a crew ( sev51 made ! #bdb miles to ,london 9 six h\rs4 ,! ye> #aiaj 0 a mom5t\s "o = all aircraft1 ) ,france z ! _w c5t]4 ,bl]iot & ,f>man1 ,fr5*m51 ,la?am1 ,briti%1 ! ,wrights & ,curtiss1 ,am]icans1 broke records almo/ daily at a big meet 9 ,augu/ t ye>1 :ile at long] range ! ,fr5* & ,engli% dirigibles & ! ,p>sevals ( ,g]many1 & /ill m important ! great ,zeppel9s at ,lake ,con/ance dron$ ! news ( a new epo*4 ,a "y ,am]ican eng9e]1 ,p4 ,w4 ,lit*field1 att5d$ ! ,p>is meet1 saw ^! wond]s1 made notes4 ,he /opp$ 9 ,scotl& on 8 way back1 b\ght a ma*9e = spread+ rubb] on fabric1 hir$ ! two m5 t5d+ x 7^? m51 ,f]guson & ,aikman1 7 /ill at _! po/s 9 ,akron ?irty odd ye>s lat]71 hir$ two "y te*nical graduates on 8 return1 ti$ 9 ! =tunes ( 8 /ruggl+ company ) :at he believ$ 0 a com+ indu/ry4 ,! next five ye>s w\ld see ! nations ( ! _w b5d+ _! ef=ts t[>d p]fect+ ^! vehicles ( flight1--little realiz+ !y 7 build+ a combat weapon :i* w\ld revolutionize w>f>e4 ,,*apt] ,v ,effect on ,a]onautics ( ,po/-,w> ,reaction ,illu/ration3 ,air%ip & escort planes ,developm5t ( non-rigid air%ips sl[$ d[n aft] ! impetus ( ! w> _h sp5t itself1 z 0 ! case 9 a]onautics g5]ally & 9 all def5se ef=ts4 ,) ! ,armi/ice ( ,novemb]1 #aiah1 ! _w 0 ?r\gh ) w>4 ,m5 relax$ & reaction set 94 ,!re w\ld n be ano!r major w> 9 a hundr$ ye>s4 ,well-mean+ p ev]y:]e grasp$ at ! /raw ( univ]sal peace1 ( negotiat$ settlem5t ( difficulties betwe5 nations1 ( dis>mam5t ( milit>y =ces to ! po9t ( be+ little m ?an an int]national police =ce4 ,g]many1 ! tr\ble-mak]1 _h be5 dis>m$ & h&cuff$1 w\ld make no m tr\ble4 ,! _w1 brea?+ freely aft] f\r ye>s1 want$ only to be left alone4 ,today ) major c\ntries /riv+ fev]i%ly to build guns & navies1 x is h>d to believe t nave nations 7 scrapp+ %ips only a few ye>s ago & pl$g+ !mselves to limit future build+4 ,no "o 9 ! imm$iate po/-w> era c\ld believe t m5 mu/ prep>e = ano!r w>1 an all-out w> m t]rible & ru?less ?an m5 _h kn[n1--"o :i* w\ld s5d flame-spitt+ ma*9es d[n f ! air & ?r\gh woods & fields1 aga9/ :i* conv5tional foot soldi]s w\ld be z helpless z if !y c>ri$ b[s & arr[s4 ,wi%+ only to live at peace ) o!r nations1 we c\ld conceive no ne$ to make def5se prep>ation aga9/ frightfulness4 ,congress 0 divid$ betwe5 8big navy m50 & 8little navy m510 & g5]als & admirals :o br\ght 9 programs = expansion or ev5 reasonable ma9t5ance 7 %\t$ d[n4 ,! public 0 9 no mood to li/54 ,if ! usefulness ( ! ,army & ,navy 0 disc\nt$ dur+ ?is p]iod1 m s 0 ! ris+ new ,air ,=ce4 ,few 7 int]e/$ 9 airplanes1 & ^! *iefly w>time pilots1 :o s\ght to keep aviation alive1 made a prec>i\s liv+ fly+ w>time 8,j5nies0 & 8,/&>ds0 out ( c[ pa/ures1 c>ry+ pass5g]s at a doll> a head1 or h[ mu* h y4 ,! ^w 8haywire0 came into ! language1 z !y made op5-air repairs to w+s & fuselage ) bal+ wire4 ,light]-?an-air _h no ,rick5back]s or ,ri*?(5s to po9t to1 b got "s advantage dur+ ?is p]iod f ! activities ( ! ,%5&oah1 complet$ 9 #aibc1 & ! ,los ,angeles1 deliv]$ 9 #aibd4 ,^! %ips c\ld n be reg>d$ z milit>y craft1 c>ri$ no arms4 ,! ,%5&oah 0 exp]im5tal1 bas$ on a #aiaf design4 ,! ,los ,angeles 0 te*nically a comm]cial %ip1 ) pass5g] accommodations built 91 c\ld be us$ only = tra9+4 ,?is grew out ( ! fact t ! ,allies plann$ to ord] ! ,zeppel9 works at ,fri$ri*%af5 torn d[n b _h held up ! ord] long en\gh = x to turn out "o m %ip4 ,?is la/ %ip w\ld be giv5 to ,unit$ ,/ates 9 lieu ( ! ,zeppel9 ?is c\ntry w\ld h receiv$ f ,g]many1 if ! air%ip crews1 l ^? ( ! surface fleet1 _h n scuttl$ _! craft aft] ! ,armi/ice1 to keep !m f fall+ into enemy h&s4 ,! ,allies /ipulat$ t ! ,los ,angeles %\ld c>ry no armam5t4 ,x took a specific waiv] f !m = ! %ip to take "p sev]al ye>s lat] 9 fleet maneuv]s4 ,o!r air%ip activities 9 ?is c\ntry 7 at a m9imum4 ,! blimps1 little he>d ( 9 ?is c\ntry dur+ ,w> ,i1 rema9$ 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,a jo9t bo>d ( ! two s]vices gave ! ,navy responsibility = develop+ rigid air%ips1 ! ,army to take non-rigids & semi-rigids4 ,! ,navy ma9ta9$ a few po/-w> blimps = tra9+1 _h little funds except = ma9t5ance4 ,! ,army1 hav+ ,wright ,field to d its eng9e]+ & exp]im5tal "w1 f>$ some:at bett]1 c>ri$ on a tra9+ & some?+ ( a developm5t program4 ,x built bases at ,scott ,field1 ,ill41 & ,langley ,field1 ,va41 ord]$ "o or two non-rigid %ips a ye>1 pur*as$ a semi-rigid %ip f ,italy1 ord]$ ano!r1 ! ,,rs-#a1 f ,goodye>1 op]at$ x successfully4 ,! ,army's non-rigids1 h[ev]1 7 ov]%ad[$ by ! ,navy's rigids & ev5 m by its own airplanes1 ) ! result f9ally t ! ,*ief ( ! ,air ,corps1 ,major ,g5]al ,o4 ,o4 ,we/ov]1 a believ] 9 light]-?an-air1 an air%ip z well z airplane pilot1 & a =m] w9n] ( ! ,james ,gordon ,b5nett cup 9 int]national balloon rac+1 told ,congress bluntly t !re 0 no po9t 9 dragg+ along1 t unless funds 7 appropriat$ = a real air%ip program ! ,army might z well close up %op4 ,& ?is /ep ,congress1 9 ! end1 took1 & ! ,army blimps & equipm5t 7 transf]r$ to ! ,navy1 & ! exp]im5tal program />t$ by ! "o s]vice 0 c>ri$ on by ! o!r4 ,! rigid %ips 7 9 m favorable position because !y seem$ to h comm]cial possibilities1 & x 0 ! long-range policy ( ! gov]nm5t to aid transportation4 ,gov]nm5t support to comm]cial air%ips c\ld be ju/ifi$ "u ! policy by :i* ! gov]nm5t gave l& grants to ! railways1 built highways = ! automobile1 deep5$ h>bors & built ligh?\ses = ! /eam%ips1 laid out airports = planes1 gave airmail contracts to keep ! ,u4 ,s4 m]*ant flag float+ on ! high seas & air r\tes op5 ov] l&4 ,on ?is !ory ,navy air%ips1 ev5 ?\gh semi-milit>y1 got "s support dur+ ! reaction p]iod1 because !y might blaze a trail lat] = comm]cial l9es--:i*1 ) %ips & crews & t]m9als1 w\ld be available 9 em]g5cy z a second>y l9e ( def5se1 l ! m]*ant m>9e4 ,! little non-rigid blimps rema9$ ! neglect$ ,c9d]ellas ( po/-w> days4 ,! ,goodye> ,company at ,akron1 :i* _h built #ajjj balloons ( all types & #ajj air%ips dur+ & aft] ! w>1 /epp$ into ! picture dur+ ?is p]iod ) a mode/ program ( its own4 ,! fir/ ( ! ,goodye> fleet1 ! pione]1 helium-inflat$ ,pilgrim1 n[ 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute1 0 built 9 #aibe4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,atlantic cross+ ( ! ,graf ,zeppel9 9 #aibh & its r\nd-!-_w flight 9 ! foll[+ ye> gave new /imulus to all a]onautics4 ,) a relatively t9y ,goodye> blimp z escort1 ! ,graf l&s at ,los ,angeles aft] cross+ ! ,pacific4 ,illu/ration3 ,at ,lakehur/ ! ,graf tries out ! 8,iron ,horse10 ! ,u4,s4 ,navy's mobile moor+ ma/1 f9ds x highly useful1 utiliz$ ma/+ equipm5t !reaft] to compile an unusual record = regul>ity ( dep>tures1 ev5 "u highly unfavorable wea!r conditions4 7,u4 ,s4 ,navy photo7 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,u4,s4,s4 ,akron1 fir/ result gr[+ out ( r5ew$ int]e/ 9 a]onautics aft] ! reaction p]iod1 goes on ! ma/ inside ! ,goodye> air dock1 prior to leav+ = h] trial flights4 ,illu/ration3 ,no l>ge gr\nd crews are ne$$ ) ! mobile ma/4 ,ev5 ! mighty ,akron sw+s ar\nd easily at an*orage1 heads into ! w9d l a wea!r vane1 its control c> re/+ on ! gr\nd4 ,9 build+ ?is %ip1 ,mr4 ,lit*field & 8 company indicat$ _! belief 9 ! value ( big air%ips = trans-oceanic travel1 = :i* ! blimps w\ld provide inexp5sive tra9+ = pilots1 & exp]i5ce 9 op]at+ "u v>y+ wea!r conditions4 ,! ,pilgrim1 ! ,puritan1 ! ,vigilant1 ! ,mayfl[] & ! re/ ( ! ,goodye> fleet :i* foll[$--nam$ aft] cup def5d]s 9 int]national ya*t rac+--w\ld also uncov] dur+ ! c\rse ( day-aft]-day op]ations1 improvem5ts 9 %ips & op]at+ te*nique1 :i* w\ld be available to its cu/om]s1 ! ,army & ,navy4 ,9 build+ its own %ips1 ,goodye> 0 foll[+ ! tradition ( ,am]ican indu/ry1 :i* does n sit back & m]ely build goods to ord]1 b has s\ght by develop+ bett] goods to anticipate & /imulate cu/om] dem&4 ,9 ! automobile indu/ry1 = example1 self-/>t]s1 clos$ c>s1 /eel bodies1 balloon tires1 /reaml9+1 & ! re/ 7 initiat$ by indu/ry to increase public acceptance & fur!r popul>ize ! automobile4 ,by build+ its own air%ips & fly+ !m1 ,goodye> hop$ to exp& ! m>ket = milit>y & comm]cial air%ips4 ,! doldrum p]iod1 :i* made progress difficult1 came to an end ) dramatic sudd5ness4 ,9 ! ye> #aibg a y\?ful pilot flew an airplane1 alone1 across ! ,atlantic ocean1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> a middle-ag$ sci5ti/ made a r\nd trip f ,europe to ,am]ica by air%ip1 ) #bd p abo>d4 ,! imag9ation ( ,am]ica & ! _w took fire4 ,a]onautics />t$ anew4 ,p]haps no ev5ts 9 ye>s h appeal$ s fully to ! public consci\sness or _h su* dynamic effects4 ,almo/ f ! day ( ,l9db]gh's flight & ! ,graf ,zeppel9's arrival at ,lakehur/1 a]onautical eng9e]s f\nd !mselves ) money to sp5d 9 rese>* & ma*9]y4 ,airports unroll$ across ! c>pet ( ,am]ica1 night light+ came 91 pilots became bus9ess m51 appropriations 7 ru%$ ?r\gh ,congress1 /ate assemblies1 & city c\ncils1 & a]onautics became ,big ,bus9ess almo/ ov] night4 ,! p]iod ( inaction & ( reaction 0 ov]4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,air%ip ,improvem5ts ,betwe5 ,w>s ,illu/ration3 ,dock$ air%ip ,! w>time air%ip 0 a cig>-%ap$ gas bag ) an airplane cockpit1 op5 to ! wea!r1 slung bel[4 ,! contra/ betwe5 x & ! sleek1 fa/1 /reaml9$ ,navy air%ip ( today is almo/ z /rik+ z t betwe5 w>time planes & automobiles & mod]n ones4 ,_m improvem5ts h be5 made1 ev5 ?\gh ! air%ip has n _h ! exp]i5ce ( build+ ?\s&s ( units1 z ! automobile & airplane h _h1 or ample funds = rese>* & exp]im5t4 ,less ?an #aej non-rigid air%ips h be5 built all told s9ce #aiad4 ,! 8,b0 type blimp1 *iefly us$ 9 ! ,_w ,w>1 conta9$ #hj1jjj cubic feet ( hydrog51 ?\gh "s ,briti% & ,fr5* non-rigids 7 built 9 l>g] sizes1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy 8,c0 %ips1 t[>d ! end ( ! w>1 _h #bjj1jjj cubic feet ( lift+ gas4 ,^! comp>e ) ! #daf1jjj cubic feet ( helium 9 ! new ,navy 8,k0 %ips4 ,spe$1 "u ! pressure ( w> ne$s mov$ up f #dg miles 9 ! 8,b0 to close to #fj 9 ! 8,c10 b is ar\nd #hj 9 today's 8,k0 %ips4 ,w>time %ips c>ri$ ?ree to five m5 & a day's fuel4 ,today's c>ry eight or t51 en\gh pilots1 radio m51 navigators1 rigg]s & me*anics = two full wat*es1 ?\gh normally ev]yone is on duty dur+ patrols4 ,! 8,b0 0 good = p]haps #ijj miles1 ! 8,k0 = well ov] twice t di/ance4 ,w>time %ips _h to keep ! control c> well away f ! bag to prev5t sp>ks f ignit+ ! hydrog5 gas4 ,a w9d%ield 0 ! pilot's only protection f ! elem5ts4 ,mod]n %ips1 us+ non-inflammable helium1 h clos$ c>s1 /reaml9$ into ! bag1 ample room = navigation & radio1 sleep+ & eat+ qu>t]s1 ev5 a photographic d>k room1 c be heat$ & noise-pro($4 ,e>ly air%ips 7 pull$ d[n & held by a l>ge gr\nd crew1 a pneumatic bump] bag on ! c> cu%ion+ its l&+4 ,today's %ips l& on a swivel$ :eel1 roll up to a ma/--or taxi (f across ! airport l an airplane & take (f4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are m]ely flight factors4 ,m important is x t ! w>time blimp 0 to a l>ge ext5t hang>-b\nd4 ,x c\ld g no fur!r f its base ?an x c\ld safely return be=e its fuel 0 exhau/$4 ,today's %ips are exp$ition>y craft1 c g almo/ any:]e1 /ay z long z !y want4 ,!y are no long] l&-b\nd1 c be refuel$ & res]vic$ at sea4 ,!y are mu* saf]1 rank high 9 ?is respect among all c>ri]s :e!r on l&1 sea or 9 ! air4 ,?ree indep5d5t l9es ( /udy contribut$ to ^! results1 ^? ( ! ,army1 ,navy & ,goodye>1 ea* free to foll[ its own ideas1 to obs]ve results f\nd by ! o!rs1 adopt !m1 use !m z />t+ po9ts = fur!r developm5ts1 or disc>d !m4 ,! improvem5ts 7 a*iev$ 9 a relatively %ort p]iod4 ,! army />t$ 9 aft] ! w> & c>ri$ on a cont9u+ program till #aicb4 ,! ,navy1 absorb$ 9 its rigid air%ips1 did n get into non-rigids till ! e>ly #aicj's4 ,goodye> built ! ,pilgrim 9 #aibe b its developm5t program really began ) ! blimp fleet 9 #aibi4 ,notewor?y improvem5t 0 f\nd dur+ ?is p]iod 9 mat]ials1 /ructure1 design1 eng9es & radio communication1 ) out/&+ advances along ?ree major l9es4 ,fir/ 0 increas$ safety1 p]mitt$ by helium gas4 ,w>time air%ips us$ hydrog5 because x 0 all !y _h1 _h to develop :at protection !y c\ld aga9/ fire ?r\gh con/ruction devices & op]at+ te*nique4 ,hydrog5 0 n only inflammable1 b "u c]ta9 conditions explosive4 ,_w ,w> pilots _h to fly _! hydrog5 %ips ?r\gh ?und] & lightn+ /orms1 dodge inflammatory bullets if !y c\ld4 ,zeppel9 sailors wore felt %oes1 ) no nails to create a sp>k1 us$ frogs = buttons1 _h to gu>d aga9/ /atic4 ,x 0 a =tunate ?+ = ! air%ip _w :5 a gas 0 f\nd 9 #aijg 9 ,dext]1 ,kansas1 :i* w\ld n burn4 ,curi\s sci5ti/s1 ask+ :y1 f\nd x 0 helium1 a gas previ\sly id5tifi$ 79 #ahfi7 only 9 ! rays ( ! sun4 ,helium gas is in]t1 refus+ to comb9e ) any o!r elem5t1 does n det]iorate metal or fabric4 ,x 0 n mu* heavi] ?an hydrog51 ! lighte/ ( all gases1 s prov$ a welcome gift to light]-?an-air4 ,= "s reason1 n expla9$ except on ! !ory t ,provid5ce takes special int]e/ 9 ,am]ica1 helium has be5 f\nd 9 quantity only 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is a compon5t1 pres5t to ! ext5t ( two or ?ree p]c5t 9 c]ta9 natural gas1 ?\gh rang+ z high z eight or t5 p]c5t 9 favor$ areas4 ,x c be sep>at$ by compression & liquefaction f ! natural gas1--:i* is t mu* improv$ by ! removal ( ! non-inflammable cont5t4 ,! _w's *ief kn[n supply ( helium lies 9 c]ta9 sections ( ,texas1 ,kansas1 ,colorado & ,utah4 ,m important1 ,unit$ ,/ates is ! only c\ntry hav+ great pipe l9es1 c di/ribute natural gas f ,texas to cities z f> away z ,kansas ,city1 ,/4 ,l\is & ,*icago4 ,)\t su* a m>ket op]ators w\ld h to sep>ate & release ! #ie ( natural gas to get ! #e ( helium1 & co/s w\ld be /ill high]4 ,helium is p]haps ! mo/ useful ( ! few natural monopolies giv5 to ?is c\ntry4 ,x 0 only t[>d ! end ( ! ,_w ,w>1 h[ev]1 t ,army eng9e]s work$ out a process ( sep>at+ helium f natural gas4 ,a plant 0 built at ,=t ,wor? & ! fir/ cyl9d]s ( helium _h rea*$ ,new ,orleans ready = %ipm5t to ,france to inflate obs]vation balloons :5 ! ,armi/ice 0 sign$4 ,army1 ,navy & ,bureau ( ,m9e eng9e]s work$ !reaft] to increase production & cut co/s1 b z late z #aibe ,w ,rog]s call$ att5tion to ! fact t ! ,navy _h n be5 able to get en\gh helium to supply bo? ! ,%5&oah & ! ,los ,angeles at ! same "t4 ,if "o 0 us+ ! helium ! o!r _h to /ay home4 ,two %ips1 & only "o set ( helium1 he comm5t$4 ,! use ( helium cut ! casualty li/ on ! ,%5&oah1 w\ld h sav$ ! ,h9d5burg4 ,non-rigid air%ips h _h no fire or explosive accid5ts s9ce helium came into use z ! lift+ gas4 ,x 0 ! loss by a hydrog5 fire ( ! ,italian-built ,roma1 aft] x /ruck a high t5sion l9e at ,langley ,field 9 ,febru>y1 #aibb1 :i* fix$ ! policy ( 8helium only0 = ,u4 ,s4 ,army & ,navy air%ips4 ,! ,army's ,c-#g 0 ! fir/ air%ip to use helium4 ,9 build+ ! ,pilgrim 9 #aibe1 ,goodye> foll[$ ! same policy--ev5 ?\gh x _h to pay #abe a ?\s& cubic feet = helium :ile x c\ld h obta9$ hydrog5 = #e p] ?\s&4 ,fur!r improvem5ts & increas+ volume ( production br\ght ! co/ d[n 9 "t f #abe to less ?an #bj1 & helium exp5se became relatively unimportant 9 provid+ safety = ,goodye>'s air%ip op]ations4 ,important too dur+ ?is p]iod 0 ! ,army's developm5t ( tank c>s = transport+ helium4 ,a l>ge item ( helium exp5se 0 freight1 ! co/ ( haul+ #acj p\nd metal conta9]s :i* held #agj to #bjj cu4 ft4 ( ! gas4 ,x took #bej su* conta9]s to inflate ,goodye>'s smalle/ %ip1 ! ,pilgrim4 ,! tank c>s hold #bjj1jjj cu4 ft4 ( gas1 almo/ en\gh to inflate two ,goodye> air%ips4 ,exp]im5ts ) specially wov5 fabric & ! use ( syn!tic rubb] cut d[n ! losses result+ f diffusion1 & :]e =m]ly x 0 necess>y to remove ! helium & purify x e six mon?s1 diffusion losses 7 cut to "o or two p] c5t a mon?1 ) purification ne$$ only e o!r ye>4 ,9 addition to increas+ safety1 helium p]mitt$ improvem5ts 9 air%ip design4 ,! w>time craft _h its control c>s susp5d$ by cables f f+] pat*es cem5t$ to ! outside ( ! bag4 ,b ) helium %ips ! c> c\ld be built into ! bag1 atta*$ by an int]nal cat5>y susp5sion sy/em to ! top ( ! gas section4 ,ea* expos$ susp5sion cable1 no matt] h[ small1 creates p>asitic resi/ance f ! air1 s t ! removal ( y>ds ( /eel & rope _h ! result ( increas+ ! spe$ ( ! %ip ) ! same horsep[]4 ,! second set ( major improvem5ts c5t]s ar\nd ! moor+ ma/4 ,! moor+ ma/ idea 0 n new4 ,! ,briti% _h built ! fir/ ones dur+ ! ,_w ,w> = its l>ge rigid %ips1 f\nd t a %ip atta*$ to x w\ld sw+ easily1 l a wea!r vane1 cont9u+ to po9t into ! w9d1 & t a well /reaml9$ %ip w\ld hold securely ev5 9 w9ds ( great velocity4 ,:5 ,alfr$ ,e4 ,smi? ord]$ a moor+ ma/ built on top ! ,empire ,/ate build+1 x 0 ) ! assurance f 8 eng9e]s t ev5 ) ! tugg+ ( ! #aej-ton ,graf ,zeppel91 ! /ra9 w\ld be little m ?an ! normal pu% ( ! w9d aga9/ ! build+ itself1 t ! add$ /resses w\ld be negligible4 ,! ,g]mans _h _h little occasion to use moor+ ma/s4 ,fri$ri*%af51 :]e mo/ ( ! ,zeppel9s 7 built1 lay 9 a natural b[l1 well protect$ f ! w9ds1 & %ips c\ld take (f & l&1 be walk$ 9 or out ( ! hang> ) little risk f ! wea!r4 ,lakehur/1 on ! o!r h&1 lay 9 an expos$ position1 9 ! pa? ( coa/-wise /orms1 a frequ5t battle-gr\nd betwe5 on%ore w9ds f ! ocean & /orms break+ ov] ! m\nta9s f ! we/4 ,a /udy made lat] to det]m9e bases = project$ ,am]ican pass5g] op]ations %[$ t ( wea!r conditions prevail+ betwe5 ,bo/on & ! ,virg9ia ,cape1 ^? at ,lakehur/ 7 almo/ ! mo/ unfavorable4 ,illu/ration3 ,f\r /ages 9 ! evolution ( ! moor+ ma/4 ,at ! outset l>ge gr\nd crews held ! %ip on ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,!n a /ub ma/ 0 plac$ atop a truck1 to hold ! %ip on ! gr\nd1 maneuv] x 9 or out ( ! dock4 ,illu/ration3 ,a high ma/1 made 9 sections1 c be erect$ any:]e1 an*or$ by guy wires1 holds ! air%ip securely aga9/ w9ds ( gale =ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,! little bro!r ( ! 8,iron ,horse01 :i* w receive ! l>ge/ ( ! new ,navy blimps1 maneuv] !m on ! field4 ,p knew little ab\t air%ip op]at+ :5 ! ,navy base 0 mov$ f ,p5sacola to ,lakehur/ on a wa/e site 9 ! ,j]sey p9e l&s :i* ! ,army no long] ne$$ aft] ! w> z a prov+ gr\nd = its artill]y4 ,?is defect prov$ an advantage4 ,! ,navy 0 =c$ by ! v nature ( ?+s to conc5trate on a problem :i* _h be5 no problem to ,doctor ,eck5] & 8 associates4 ,at ! urg+ ( ,admiral ,m(fett1 ,comm&] ,g>l& ,fulton1 ,lieut5ant ,comm&] ,c4 ,e4 ,ros5dahl & o!rs1 ,navy eng9e]s built a high ma/1 #ahj feet tall1 foll[+ ,briti% practice1 ) a s]vice elevator inside1 !n tackl$ ! problem ( keep+ ! %ip on ev5 keel aga9/ up & d[n gu/s4 ,s9ce ! w9d does n come out ( ! gr\nd1 a l[ ma/ 0 sugge/$1 half ! height ( ! %ip1 s t :5 an*or$ ! %ip w\ld all b re/ on ! gr\nd4 ,! ,navy 0 work+ on ?is :5 an incid5t happ5$ to /r5g!n ! argum5t4 ,! co-incid5ce ( a w9d %ift1 & ris+ temp]atures "o aft]noon z ! ,los ,angeles 0 re/+ com=tably at an*orage1 />t$ ! tail ris+1 & x cont9u$ to rise till x rea*$ almo/ #ij degrees4 ,!n ! %ip turn$ g5tly on its swivel1 & desc5d$ easily on ! o!r side1 ) no m damage ?an "s brok5 *9a 9 ! galley4 ,/ill a #gjj-;foot air%ip has no bus9ess do+ head-/&s1 s ! l[ ma/ developm5t 0 ru%$ ?r\gh4 ,x prov$ successful4 ,! next /ep 0 to make ! l[ ma/ mobile1 s t x c\ld n only hold ! %ip on ! gr\nd b take x 9 & out ( ! hang>4 ,fir/ ( ^! 0 ,lakehur/'s fam\s 8iron horse10 a giant motor-driv5 tripod1 :i* roll$ out on ! airport1 haul+ incom+ %ips into ! hang>1 took advantage ( daylight calms to take %ips out into ! field ahead ( "t s z to be ready to leave on s*$ule4 ,on ! ,graf ,zeppel9's trip ar\nd ! _w 9 #aibi1 hang>s 7 available = fuel+ /ops at ,lakehur/1 ,fri$ri*%af51 & curi\sly en\gh 9 ,japan1 a ,g]man %$ turn$ ov] to ! ,nipponese aft] ! #aiah ,armi/ice1 hav+ be5 re-erect$ at ,tokio4 ,!re 0 none h[ev] on ! ,am]ican ,we/ ,coa/ to h\se ! %ip aft] its long trip across ! ,pacific4 ,s ! ,navy1 "u direction ( ,lieut5ant ,comm&] ,t4 ,g4 ,w4 ,settle1 haul$ a ma/ up to ,los ,angeles f ,san ,diego 7x _h be5 erect$ !re = ! ,%5&oah's flight ar\nd ! rim ( ! c\ntry 9 #aibc7 an*or$ x ) guy wires4 ,x s]v$ ! purpose p]fectly4 ,! ,g]mans1 skeptical at fir/1 became conv9c$ ( ! value ( ! ma/1 !mselves erect$ ma/s at ,frank=t1 & ,seville1 at ,p]nambuco & ,rio de ,jani]o1 us$ !m z t]m9als4 ,once ! ma/+ te*nique _h be5 work$ out1 ! ,graf ,zeppel9 & ! ,h9d5burg1 9 ! ye>s #aicj-f1 made a record ( regul>ity :i* no o!r vehicle ( transportation has approa*$4 ,!y took (f at times ov] ! ocean = ,europe :5 all o!r aircraft 9 ! area 0 gr\nd$1 :5 ! fog hid ! entire top half ( ! %ip1 & ! %ip disappe>$ into ! fog )9 a few seconds aft] ! 8,up ,%ip0 signal 0 giv54 ,:at few delays appe> on ! record 7 due to wait+ = connect+ airplanes to arrive ) ! late/ ,european mail = ! ,am]icas4 ,s f> ! use ( ma/s _h be5 entirely a matt] = ! l>ge rigid air%ips4 ,! ,army did ! fir/ developm5t "w on high & l[ ma/s = its small] %ips at ,scott ,field1 z well z a l&+ :eel = !m to ride on4 ,a situation at ,akron />t$ exp]im5tation along a diff]5t l9e4 ,at ,goodye>'s ,w+foot ,lake ,field1 ,mr4 ,lit*field fr[n$ ov] ! exp5se ( hav+ a consid]able crew on h& to l& & laun* ! blimps1 ) little to d aft] ! %ip 0 9 ! air4 ,to an ,army or ,navy po/1 ) pl5ty ( m5 9 tra9+1 ?is surplus ( m5 0 no difficulty1 b any private corporation op]at+ pass5g] air%ip l9es w\ld f9d ! exp5se burd5some4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,navy ,l-#b1 "o ( ! fir/ %ips "u ! exp&$ program1 l&s at ,w+foot ,lake1 ,akron1 is walk$ to ! moor+ ma/4 ,illu/ration3 ,close-up view ( eng9e & c[l+1 & swivel$ l&+ :eel4 ,illu/ration3 ,) a drogue or sea an*or to hold ! air%ip /eady1 supplies or p]sonnel may be tak5 abo>d at sea4 7,u4 ,s4 ,navy photo7 ,illu/ration3 ,a newly-hat*$ air%ip breaks its %ell at ,akron1 w try its w+s !n jo9 ! ,navy4 ,he put ! "q to 8 m5 9 #aicj1 (f]+ ca% prizes = ! be/ solution4 ,out ( _m ideas1 "o cle>-cut l9e ( progress appe>$4 ,?is 0 to make ! gr\nd crew truck a maneuv]+ base1 ) a ma/ on top1 :i* c\ld be fold$ d[n :5 n 9 use4 ,! truck !n c\ld n only hold ! %ip on ! gr\nd1 b guide x 9 & out ( ! hang> ) m security ?an by us+ a l>ge numb] ( m54 ,extra :eels m\nt$ on outrigg]s kept ! truck f be+ turn$ ov] by side gu/s4 ,9 succe$+ ye>s ! gr\nd crew truck became a travel+ moor+ po9t :i* c\ld foll[ ! %ip across c\ntry1 give x an*orage :5 night fell1 & at ! same "t act z a travel+ supply depot1 ma*9e %op1 radio cab91 & crew qu>t]s4 ,a portable ma/1 built 9 sections1 high en\gh = %ips to ma/ at ! nose1 0 ! next /ep4 ,x c\ld be set up on an h\r's notice1 an*or$ by guy wires & screw /akes = m ext5d$ op]ations4 ,gradually ! air%ip became indep5d5t ( ! hang>1 came to use x only = ov]haul & ! purification ( its helium gas4 ,! blimp c\ld be fuel$ & s]vic$ completely 9 ! op54 ,lack+ a dock 9 ,san ,francisco1 at ! "t ( ! ,exposition 9 #aici1 ! ,goodye> blimp ,volunte] mov$ up f ,los ,angeles1 bas$ on a ma/ = five mon?s4 ,! only "t x s\ght %elt] 0 :5 a spl9t] f ! propell] pi]c$ ! bag1 caus+ a leak4 ,! %ip flew #fj miles d[n ! bay to ! ,navy base at ,sunnyvale1 l a boy com+ 9 f play to h a spl9t] remov$ f 8 f+]1 w5t back aga91 didn't ev5 /ay ov] night4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #aidj-da ! 8,reliance0 :i* _h be5 sp5d+ its w9t]s 9 ,miami1 us+ a w>time ,navy hang> :i* ! city _h mov$ up f ,key ,we/1 f\nd t build+ comm&e]$ = def5se "w4 ,s a ma/ 0 set up on ! ,causeway1 & ! %ip op]at$ ) no o!r home ?an t = six mon?s1 saw no %elt] f ! "t x left ,w+foot ,lake 9 e>ly ,decemb] till x return$ at ! end ( ,may4 ,! ,navy _h a diff]5t problem z x mov$ into ! non-rigid picture 9 ! e>ly #aicj's4 ,its problem 0 only incid5tally to op]ate away f its base at ,lakehur/4 ,%ips 7 gett+ l>g] 9 size1 & ma/s 7 ne$$ :]e !y c\ld be moor$ outdoors1 or tak5 9 & out ( ! hang>4 ,! solution 0 a small] replica ( ! rigid air%ip's 8,iron ,horse0 except t x mov$ on l>ge rubb] tires1 & 0 t[$ 9 & out by tractor1 r ?an c>ry+ its own p[] plant4 ,a portable ma/ 0 also develop$ = ! ,navy blimps1 ) a special c> to haul x ar\nd4 ,?is ma/ c\ld be s5t to ,p>ris ,isl& or "s po9t 9 ,new ,engl&1 ahead ( "t1 set up & us$ z a tempor>y base = radio calibrat+ or o!r missions4 ,navy %ips bas+ at ,lakehur/ h op]at$ = weeks at a "t along ! coa/ z f> nor? z ,ba?1 ,ma9e1 & z f> s\? z ! ,c>ol9as1 ) a portable ma/ z headqu>t]s4 ,utilization ( ! ma/ pr9ciple by non-rigid air%ips n only greatly increas$ _! radius ( op]ation1 & cut d[n l&+ crews1 b increas$ ! numb] ( op]at+ days p] mon?4 ,pilots ( e>ly airplanes us$ to g out on ! airport1 hold up a h&k]*ief1 & if x flutt]$1 conclude x 0 too w9dy to fly4 ,s e>ly air%ip pilots1 ) anemomet]s on ! ro( ( ! hang> & at po9ts ov] ! field1 judg$ x too risky to take ! %ips out if ! w9d 0 high] ?an f\r or five miles an h\r1 & !n only if x 0 d[n-hang> 9 direction4 ,mod]n air%ips lose few fly+ days because x is too w9dy to g out4 ,"u w> conditions1 :5 risks mu/ be tak51 :i* ne$ n be tak5 = pass5g] or tra9+ flights1 v few days w\ld be wa/$ if !re is milit>y necessity = x4 ,navy non-rigids miss few r5dezv\s ) ! fleet 9 ex]cises out ( ,lakehur/1 reg>dless ( ! wea!r outside4 ,if ! portable ma/ revolutioniz$ air%ip op]ations ov] l&1 exp]im5ts />t$ by ! ,navy 9 #aich-ci1 l>gely "u ! direction ( ,lt4 ,c4 ,s4 ,r\nds1 promise to be j z important 9 ov]-wat] op]ations4 ,^! %[$ t ! air%ip c\ld pick up balla/ f ! ocean1 c\ld get fuel f a pass+ %ip1 c\ld *ange crews at sea4 ,balla/ is important to a vehicle :i* gr[+ cont9u\sly light] z x uses up fuel1 mu/ /ill be kept 9 equilibrium4 ,transoceanic ,zeppel9s1 us+ hydrog51 _h to fly high en\gh to 8bl[ (f0 ! surplus gas once or twice dur+ a trip to comp5sate = ! %ip gr[+ light]4 ,b hydrog5 0 *eap1 & c\ld be manufactur$ z ne$$4 ,am]ican %ips c\ld n af=d to wa/e helium1 :i* 0 a natural res\rce4 ,army & ,navy eng9e]s _h work$ on ?is1 & equipm5t develop$ = ! ,akron & ,macon to cond5se ! gases f ! burn$ fuel 0 able to recov] m ?an #ajj p\nds ( wat] balla/ = e #ajj p\nds ( fuel us$4 ,! blimps didn't use ^! s9ce !y ord9>ily w\ld n be out = m ?an a day at a "t1 /ill a ready s\rce ( balla/ w\ld make x unnecess>y to valve helium on long flights4 ,ironically en\gh a :ole ocean full ( balla/ lay bel[ seago+ air%ips1 b no practical me?od _h be5 devis$ to take ! sea wat] abo>d until ! ,navy tackl$ ! problem 9 #aich4 ,t problem may be visualiz$ 9 ! obvi\s difficulty ( ma9ta9+ physical contact betwe5 an air%ip & a surface %ip4 ,! two move 9 diff]5t m$ia1 "o influ5c$ mo/ly by ! waves1 ! o!r mo/ly by ! w9d4 ,! surface %ip is mov+ up & d[n1 ! air%ip subject to gu/s :i* might break ! contact or ?ru/ x viol5tly aga9/ ! ma/s or sup]/ructure ( ! surface %ip4 ,s]vic+ has be5 done "u favorable circum/ances1 b c\ld n be reli$ on z /&>d proc$ure4 ,! solution rea*$ 0 ?is4 ,! pilot sw+s 8 %ip d[n to )9 #ajj or #aej feet ( ! wat]1 l[]s a hose ) a small bronze scoop1 n mu* wid] ?an ! hose1 s z to less5 ! drag4 ,tw5ty-five feet up f ! scoop is a /reaml9$ cyl9d]1 blimp %ap$1 c>ry+ a small electric pump4 ,?is cyl9d]1 nicknam$ ! 8fi%01 has tail f9s to keep x f sp9n+1 & skims along ! surface or jumps out l a porpoise1 b ! scoop is f> en\gh beh9d & heavy en\gh to trail easily b5ea? ! surface1 /ays directly 9 ! %ip's wake1 cont9ues )\t int]ruption to pick up balla/ = ! air%ip above4 ,! :ole ge> weighs slightly m ?an #ajj p\nds1 c pick up wat] at cruis+ spe$1 c function 9 r\gh wat] or smoo?4 ,! ,navy ,j-#d1 *iefly us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 normally consumes #ejj p\nds ( fuel 9 five h\rs ( fly+ at cruis+ spe$4 ,x 0 able to pick up t mu* wat] balla/ 9 sev5 m9utes4 ,! next /ep 0 to enable an air%ip to obta9 fuel f a tank] or o!r %ip )\t physical contact or advance arrangem5ts--ev5 f a pass+ m]*antman4 ,! pilot asks by radio or voice :e!r ! surface %ip c sp>e "s gasol9e1 & on an affirmative answ]1 l[]s or drops on 8 deck two rubb]iz$ fabric sph]es connect$ to ea* o!r by #ad feet ( rope--also a note ( in/ructions4 ,! small] sph]e is an ord9>y air-fill$ buoy1 ! l>g]1 ab\t ?ree feet 9 diamet] :5 fill$1 is ! fuel bag4 ,! surface %ip fills ! fuel bag1 !n drops bo? bags ov]bo>d1 be+ c>eful only t !y d n get tangl$ up4 ,!n ! air%ip flies ov] ! two bags1 drops a hook betwe5 !m1 hauls away1 pumps ! gasol9e into its tanks4 ,! ?ird device p]mits an air%ip to an*or 9 ! op5 sea ne> a surface %ip to transf] crews or take on fuel & supplies4 ,! an*or is a cone-%ap$ rubb]iz$ fabric bag1 t5 feet long1 ) a diamet] ( #b feet at ! top4 ,x is l[]$ #ej feet bel[ ! air%ip by two cables connect$ ) ea* o!r by rungs to =m a ladd]4 ,half ( ! cables' l5g? is made up ( heavy ex]cis] cord to damp5 ! effect ( wave movem5ts4 ,on top ! cone is a wire me% cov] :i* all[s ! wat] to pass ?r\gh1 & is /rong en\gh to act z a plat=m1 support+ a man4 ,z ! cone fills up ! air%ip drops balla/ till its 8moor+ ma/0 is half subm]g$4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! drag rope comes into play--if ! air%ip />ts to rise x f9ds itself lift+ an increas+ly heavi] load1 c\nt]act+ ! ris+ t5d5cy4 ,if x />ts to settle d[n t[>d ! wat]1 ! load is correspond+ly less5$ & ! %ip gr[s light]4 ,! result is t ! air%ip is held highly /able1 ev5 9 a r\gh sea4 ,! surface %ip !n s5ds a small boat alongside & dispat*es ! relief crew memb]s or supplies1 !m up & d[n ! ladd]1 or uses a w9*1 ! plat=m atop ! an*or s]v+ z ! op]at+ base4 ,?is sy/em also p]mits ! mov+ ( a sick pass5g] a%ore1 or ! rescue ( a man ov]bo>d4 ,:5 ! air%ip is ready to leave its an*orage1 ! cone is tipp$ by a l9e atta*$ to ! bottom1 spill+ ! wat]1 & haul$ abo>d4 ,! s]vic+ %ip ne$ c>ry no special equipm5t4 ,! weight ( cone & ladd] is negligible4 ,by be+ able to pick up balla/ & borr[ fuel f a pass+ %ip1 7nei!r air%ip nor surface %ip ne$ sl[ d[n = ! fuel ex*ange if go+ 9 ! same direction7 ! air%ip greatly increases its radius ( op]ations4 ,! advantage ( be+ able to *ange crews at sea may n be q z cle>4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 gr[s out ( ! fact t today's non-rigid air%ip has great] endurance ?an ! crew :i* flies x4 ,an anti-subm>9e1 anti-m9e patrol calls = con/ant al]tness4 ,r$uction ( vibration & noise1 ! use ( clos$ c>s in/ead ( op5 cockpits has less5$ fatigue1 enabl+ m5 to rema9 on duty ov] long] p]iods ?an be=e4 ,b obvi\sly !re are limits4 ,! ,navy is cons]vative 9 e/imat+ h[ long its new 8,k0 %ips may /ay out )\t refuel+4 ,wea!r & ! nature ( ! mission w h "s be>+ on t1 b if we assume a cruise ( #dh1 #fj or ev5 #gb h\rs :i* might be done "u favorable conditions & idl+ ! motors1 we /ill _c expect a crew ( m5 to rema9 vigilant & al]t = t l5g? ( "t4 ,extra m5 = relief wat*es c be c>ri$ only at ! exp5se ( ! fuel load4 ,h[ev]1 if a fre% crew c\ld be s5t abo>d e #ab h\rs f a ne>by surface %ip1 along ) fuel1 balla/ & supplies1 ! blimps might op]ate = ext5d$ p]iods4 ,no blimps h done ?is4 ,! fleet might see no ne$ = !m to g out = long p]iods4 ,h[ev]1 ! possibility has be5 e/abli%$1 & might be useful 9 ! em]g5cies ( w>1 or accid5t4 ,:ile ! prim>y usefulness ( ! blimp lies 9 ! coa/al wat]s1 x c g to sea if ne$$--& /ay out--c be us$ 9 convoy "w or z a li/5+ po/4 ,o!r improvem5ts 7 uncov]$ dur+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,a sea an*or or drogue 0 devis$ to enable ! air%ip to 8lay to0 = ext5d$ p]iods1 )\t consum+ fuel1 9 case x wi%es to use its li/5+ devices aga9/ subm>9es1 make repairs or = o!r purposes4 ,plans h be5 work$ out = l&+ on ! wat] 9 quiet bays 9 calm wea!r1 utiliz+ flotation ge>1 or a ?ree-po9t moor+ to ord9>y mud an*ors--facilitat+ s]vic+ f ne>by ,coa/ ,gu>d /ations4 ,p]haps a significant ?+ ab\t ^! exp]im5ts is t ! pr9ciples seem applicable z well to rigid air%ips4 ,! ability to pick up balla/ 9 flight may well elim9ate ! necessity = balla/-recov]y devices1 ) a sub/antial sav+ 9 co/1 & an impressive sav+ 9 weight4 ,by elim9at+ ! heavy cond5s]s1 & translat+ t weight-sav+ into fuel1 x is e/imat$ t ! range ( a %ip ( ! ,los ,angeles size c\ld be increas$ by #bj p]c5t & %ips ( ! ,akron-,macon size by #ae p]c5t1 9 ! la/ case am\nt+ to #a1bej miles ( additional cruis+ radius4 ,a trans-oceanic pass5g] air%ip c\ld />t out ) virtually no wat] balla/ at all except a m9imum am\nt = maneuv]+1 use its fuel supply z balla/ & pick up sea wat] z ne$$4 ,?is c\ld be done at #ejj feet elevation1 at ! rate ( #hj gallons a m9ute1 us+ a #cj horsep[] motor1 c\ld be done 9 half an h\r a day4 ,! %ip ne$ n sl[ d[n mat]ially :ile do+ ?is4 ,application ( ?is pr9ciple to milit>y air%ips ( ! rigid type might be /ill m significant4 ,! *ief use = ! rigid air%ip 9 w> w\ld seem to be z a high spe$ airplane c>ri]1 ^: planes w\ld increase _m fold its own reconnaissance range1 & w\ld be expect$ also to d ! major "p ( :at fight+ became necess>y 9 case ( enemy contact4 ,! air%ip itself 9 t situation w\ld put m dep5d5ce on its spe$ ( retreat & its ability to seek cov] 9 cl\ds z ! subm>9e does b5ea? ! surface1 ?an on its own ma*9e guns & cannons4 ,"o ?+ br\ght urg5tly home to u 9 ! fir/ weeks ( ! pres5t w> is t oceans are wide1 & t ! movem5ts ( ev5 a huge enemy fleet are difficult to discov] 9 ^? endless expanses ( wat]4 ,l>ge milit>y air%ips ( five or t5 million cubic feet helium capacity might prove exce$+ly useful1 if !y 7 able to op]ate away f _! base = weeks or ev5 mon?s at a "t1 & !y might be able to d ?is by utiliz+ devices simil> to ^? develop$ = small] non-rigids1 re/+ on ! sea 9 calm wat]s1 moor+ to an*or$ ma/s !y c\ld l[] into ! wat]1 pick+ up fuel f tank]s1 gett+ supplies f neighbor+ %ips--9 addition to :at 0 c>ri$ to !m f ! fleet by _! own planes4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,adv5tures ( ! ,goodye> ,fleet ,illu/ration3 ,air%ips fly+ 9 =mation ,"o ( ! less] romances at lea/ ( a]onautics is ! /ory ( ! ,goodye> air%ip fleet4 ,!re is ?rill & adv5ture 9 ! n>rative1 d>+ & res\rcefulness1 haz>ds fac$ by m5 :o believ$ 9 _! craft--*ances :i* 7 usually won4 ,s ?is *apt] might well be d$icat$ to ,air%ip ,capta9 ,*>les ,brannigan & ,balloon ,pilot ,walt] ,morton4 ,morton 0 an old tim]1 :o _h fl[n balloons ) ,tom ,baldw91 9 ! f> corn]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,betwe5 times he work$ 9 ! ,goodye> balloon room1 a practical me*anic :o c\ld always make ?+s "w1 ! salt-(-!-e>? workman :om e =eman swore by1 ! aide e pilot want$ alongside4 ,/eady1 self-effac+1 c\rage\s1 ) an in/9ct = ! "r ?+ to d 9 em]g5cy1 ,morton fe>$ b "o ?+4 ,t 0 lightn+4 ,he _h fl[n _m times ?r\gh lightn+ /orms prior to ! helium era1 b5ea? a bag fill$ ) inflammable gas1 b he didn't l x4 ,he knew its swift /rik+ p[]4 8,i c\ld almo/ see ! ,old ,fell[ /&+ !re ?r[+ ^? d>ts at u10 said ,morton "o aft]noon 9 #aibh1 z he scann$ ! skies be=e tak+ (f 9 a balloon race out ( ,pittsburgh4 8,"o w\ld fla% pa/ & miss1 & he w\ld say #8,i'll get y next "t1' & !re w\ld come ano!r4 ,& y c't dodge 9 a balloon40 ,! ,old ,fell[ scor$ a direct hit t aft]noon4 ,morton 0 fly+ ) ,van ,orman1 ,gordon ,b5nett ,cup w9n]4 ,! unc]ta9 wea!r ( ! aft]noon _h resolv$ itself less ?an an h\r aft] ! take-(f1 & eight balloons 7 be+ toss$ z a juggl] tosses weights1 a ?\s& feet high1 #aj1jjj feet1 caught & toss$ al(t aga9 j be=e !y t\*$ ! gr\nd4 ,morton's balloon 0 hit at #ab1jjj feet1 caught fire1 alt]natively fell l a plumb bob or p>a*ut$ 9 ! net1 l&$ )\t too mu* ( a %ock4 ,van ,orman1 unconsci\s1 su/a9$ a brok5 ankle4 ,morton _h be5 in/antly kill$4 ,b a]ologi/s le>n$ ?+s t aft]noon ab\t ! =ce ( v]tical movem5ts ( ! air4 ,! balloons gave a p]fect track ( :at w5t on4 ,"o balloon 0 fall+ s fa/ t sacks ( balla/ ?r[n ov]bo>d lagg$ beh9d x1 :ile a hundr$ y>ds away ano!r balloon 0 %oot+ upw>d at simil> spe$4 ,we /ill "k less ?an we %\ld ab\t ! movem5ts ( ! air1 ?is new _w into :i* ! ,a]onautic ,age is mov+4 ,! ,pittsburgh trag$y may save _m lives1 avoid o!r trag$ies4 ,! ,brannigan /ory is %ort]1 no less dramatic4 ,high-spirit$1 ke51 a capta9 ^: %ip & crew mu/ always be %ip%ape1 ,brannigan _h come to ,goodye> f ! ,army--:]e he _h already di/+ui%$ himself by mak+ repairs 9 mid air to ! semi-rigid ,roma1 ripp$ by a spl9t]$ propell]--sav+ a comrade z an incid5t to ! job--_h quickly won 8 capta9cy at ,goodye>1 0 "o ( its be/ fly]s4 ,at ,kansas ,city "o aft]noon 9 #aica a ,kansas twi/] head$ = ! airport4 ,see+ ! wea!r unc]ta9 ,brannigan _h /opp$ pass5g] fly+1 put 8 %ip on ! ma/4 ,n[ he ord]$ 8 me*anic to get (f & cut ! %ip loose4 ,once al(t1 ) helium gas1 he 0 n afraid ( any /orm t blew4 ,b be=e ! %ip c\ld cle> ! ma/1 ! /orm _h /ruck1 ) full fury4 ,! an*ors hold+ ! ma/ pull$ out ( ! gr\nd & ! %ip1 ) ! ma/ atta*$1 0 hurl$ into ! ne>e/ hang>1 ripp+ "o motor (f4 ,t 0 ,brannigan's cue to jump4 ,! door _h be5 propp$ op5 = a photograph]'s cam]a4 ,b he _h "o motor left1 ! bag 0 undamag$1 ! ma/ _h fall5 cle>4 ,he w\ldn't give up 8 %ip z long z !re 0 a *ance to save x4 ,illu/ration3 ,reunion 9 ,akron--,! %ips compris+ ! ,goodye> fleet1 c\ld tell /irr+ /ories ( battles ) ! elem5ts wag$ 9 _m /ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,"s ( ^! pilots flew air%ips 9 ! fir/ w>1 o!rs came 9 lat] f ! te*nical s*ools--_m n[ are fly+ air%ips = ! ,navy4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ?is pocket h&k]*ief size airport1 (f ! ,c5tury ( ,progress ,exposition 9 ,*icago1 ,goodye> %ips c>ri$ ?\s&s ( pass5g]s1 f all ov] ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mayfl[] l&$ on ! deck ( ! ,,ss ,brem51 took (f pass5g] ,p4 ,w4 ,lit*field4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,ent]prise l&s to rescue ! crew ( an ice-lock$ /eam] 9 ,*esapeake ,bay4 ,h[ev] ! /orm 0 n to be d5i$1 & be=e he c\ld get altitude1 ! w9d ?rew ! %ip into a ne/ ( high-t5sion wires1 set x afire4 ,brannigan climb$ out1 walk$ to a ne>by automobile1 transf]r$ to a second c> enr\te to ! hospital aft] a collision--& di$ ! next day f ?ird-degree burns4 ,he call$ ,furcul[1 8 co-pilot1 j be=e ! end1 told him to see t ! m5 9 ! crew 7 tak5 c>e (1 t !y 7 n p5aliz$ = ! loss ( ! %ip4 ,furcul[1 n[ fly+ air%ips = ! ,navy1 is n ! only man 9 ,goodye> :o w n =get ,*>ley ,brannigan4 ,x is on su* m5 t ! traditions ( ! s]vice are built4 ,any cause = :i* m5 give _! lives _c be held lightly4 ,! ,goodye> ,company _h built a few air%ips ( its own prior to ! #aibe ,pilgrim1 :5 helium became available4 ,be/ kn[n ( ^! 0 ! 8,pony ,blimp0 :i* op]at$ out ( ,los ,angeles f #aiai to #aibc1 flew pass5g]s to ,catal9a1 work$ = ! movies 9 ,arizona & ,wyom+4 ,b ! real beg9n+ came ) ! ,pilgrim1 ! l>g] ,puritan & /ill l>g] ,def5d]1 z ! ,goodye> fleet came into exi/5ce 9 #aibh-bi4 ,e>ly pilots _h no specific in/ructions except to take ! %ips out & fly !m--fly !m h>d1 f9d out all !y c\ld ab\t !m1 see :at weaknesses & %ortcom+s !re 7 & h[ to improve !m4 ,x 0 ano!r te/ fleet1 repeat+ ! hi/ory ( ! automobile4 ,! pilots 7 suppos$ n to get hurt1 b !y 7 to fly 9 all k9ds ( wea!r !y felt x safe to fly 94 ,!y might lose a few %ips1 b 7 expect$ to be able to walk away f !m1 n to get 9 any tr\ble !y c\ldn't get out (4 ,!y _h an advantage ov] ,army & ,navy fli]s 9 hav+ a free h& z to :]e !y might g4 ,!y 7 expect$ to make mi/akes b %\ld le>n f !m4 ,su* in/ructions1 l>gely unwritt51 act$ z a *all5ge to ! pilots1 a high-spirit$ & c\rage\s gr\p4 ,/>t+ ) a few m5 :o _h fl[n air%ips 9 ! ,_w ,w>1 or help$ build !m 9 ! balloon room & ! ma*9e %op1 !y add$ "s te*nical s*ool graduates 9 #aibi1 & o!rs z ne$$4 ,_! adv5tures />t$ aft] !y left ,akron4 ,op]at+ f bases built or leas$ ov] ! c\ntry1 !y w\ld cov] e /ate ea/ ( ! ,mississippi 9 a few ye>s4 ,!y look$ = h>d ?+s to d--or unusual ?+s :i* w\ld int]e/ ! public 9 air%ips4 ,!y l&$ on ! ro(s ( build+s 9 ,akron & 9 ,wa%+ton--?\gh a prud5t ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce w\ld lat] rule aga9/ t2 !y pick$ up mail f l9es dropp$ on decks ( incom+ %ips1 & f small boats alongside2 !y fi%$ = %>ks & b>racuda1 hunt$ = :ales2 !y pick$ up a bundle ( newspap]s f ! ,he>/ build+ d[nt[n1 & l[]$ !m to ,al ,smi? on ! top deck ( ! ,empire ,/ate build+2 pick$ up ano!r bat* f ,! ,toronto ,/> (fices1 deliv]$ !m at ! ,canadian ,exposition gr\nds2 !y cov]$ boat races1 football & baseball games1 ! ,int]national ,ya*t ,races1 c>ry+ press photograph]s1 newsreel m5 & radio ann\nc]s2 !y w5t to ! ,m>di ,gras1 to ! ,c>nival ( ,/ates1 ! ,cotton ,c>nival1 ,expositions at ,*icago1 ,dallas1 ,clevel&1 ,san ,francisco & ,new ,york1 to c\nty fairs1 pl[+ & corn-husk+ conte/s4 ,!y cov]$ fires 9 ,new ,york1 *as$ outlaws & report$ =e/ fires 9 ! high ,si]ras2 !y made traffic /udies 9 ,new ,york & ,wa%+ton1 /udies 9 bird life 9 ,florida2 !y pick$ up /r&$ fi%]m5 9 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 took ,mr4 ,lit*field (f ! aft] deck ( ! ,,ss ,brem5 9 ,new ,york h>bor2 !y survey$ canal projects2 patroll$ ! ,mississippi dur+ flood "t to rescue families f rag+ wat]s1 to report to ! eng9e]s :]e ! levees 7 weak5+2 !y c>ri$ food & supplies to a boat ice-b\nd 9 ,*esapeake ,bay2 !y circl$ a ?\s& c\ntry s*ool h\ses1 dropp$ greet+s by p>a*ute to hundr$s ( cities4 ,"o ( _! spectacul> feats 0 ! rescue ( an airplane crew 9 ,florida 9 #aicc4 ,two pilots fly+ to ,miami f ,tampa = ! ,air ,races _h made a =c$ l&+ 9 ! ,ev]glades4 ,se>*+ airplanes locat$ ! %ip1 b x 0 f> f any highway1 inaccessible by boat or on foot1 ! m5 )\t food & torm5t$ by mosquitos1 & ) app>5tly no way ( ev] gett+ out unless a road c\ld be built 9 to !m4 ,b a blimp f\nd x easy1 because x alone ( all craft c\ld /& virtually /ill 9 ! air4 ,illu/ration3 ,few important cities ea/ ( ! ,mississippi h miss$ see+ a ,goodye> blimp by n[1 n to speak ( ^? 9 ! ,s\?we/1 ! ,pacific coa/4 ,trips h be5 made also to ,cuba1 ,canada & ,mexico4 ,m ?an #djj1jjj pass5g]s h be5 c>ri$1 )\t ev5 ! scrat* ( a f+]4 ,,summ>y ,,totals ,,up ,,to ,,janu>y #a1 #aidb ,,flights #aea1haj ,,h\rs #ib1iff ,,pass5g]s #dje1ebf ,,miles #d1ahc1dgj ,,flights ,,betwe53 ,,akron - ,,florida #di 0 - ,,dallas #f 0 - ,,*icago #ab 0 - ,,toronto #ad 0 - ,,lakehur/ #ah 0 - ,,wa%+ton #eg 0 - ,,new ,,york #db ,pilot ,wilson flew to ! spot1 cut 8 motors1 drift$ d[n to #ej feet1 direct$ ! refugees to cat* ! trail ropes1 !n z ! air%ip settl$ took !m abo>d1 dropp$ s& bags to light5 %ip1 flew home--came back lat] ) salvage p>ties to recov] motors & o!r p>ts4 ,all ^! exploits 7 incid5tal to ! job ( le>n+ ab\t air%ips & air%ip wea!r--! tricks ( w9ds & ra9 & /orms4 ,& !y did le>n4 ,a hang> _h be5 built 9 ! woods at ,grosse ,ile1 ,detroit1 ) a lane ( trees left /&+ s z to ext5d ! l9e ( ! build+--?is "u ! assumption t ! trees w\ld protect ! air%ips :ile ent]+ or leav+4 ,! ,briti%1 "u /ress ( w> conditions _h done ?is1 us$ woods z w9dbreaks = l&+s1 ev5 = ! assembly ( air%ips at times4 ,b ! w9d has a trick ( spill+ ov]1 l a wat]fall1 :5 x /rikes an ob/ruction4 ,e>ly pilots 7 exp]t ballooni/s1 & might h rememb]$ _! exp]i5ce 9 rid+ ov] m\nta9\s c\ntry--obs]v$ h[ ! w9d w\ld c>ry !m almo/ into a cliff1 b j be=e rea*+ x w\ld pick ! great bag g5tly up1 c>ry x ov] ! top1 drop x on ! f> side1 almo/ to ! bottom ( ! next valley--b n q1 pick x up & c>ry on--a graphic *>t ( ! air fl[ 9 brok5 t]ra94 ,b 9 ! fir/ weeks ( op]ation at ,detroit1 a cross-hang> w9d1 spill+ ov] ! w9dbreak1 twice pu%$ an air%ip g5tly b firmly into ! trees on ! f> side4 ,! trees 7 cut d[n1 & ! /udy ( eddies & gu/s ha/5$ ! developm5t ( a mobile moor+ ma/ :i* w\ld hold ! %ip /eady 9 turbul5t areas4 ,! ,goodye> pilots le>n$ to fly unworri$ ?r\gh fog4 ,z e>ly z #aibj1 ,hock5smi?1 fly+ ! 8,pony ,blimp0 f ,los ,angeles to ,catal9a ,isl&1 got lo/ :5 8 compass fail$ 9 a fog s d5se he c\ld h>dly see ! nose ( ! %ip4 ,fly+ l[ & sl[ly1 b>ely (f ! wat]1 he pres5tly spi$ a d>k %ape ahead1 came on a ,u4 ,s4 subm>9e1 ) decks awa%1 & an (fic] on look\t 9 ! conn+ t[]4 ,he l&$ on 8 pontoons1 taxi$ alongside1 borr[$ a compass1 w5t on to 8 de/9ation4 ,! conviction t except )9 its hang> ! %ip 0 safe/ 9 ! air1 grew out ( _m battles ) w9d & /orm4 ,brannigan1 fly+ ! ,vigilant at ,wa%+ton1 0 caught 9 a /orm :i* broke up an a]onautic %[1 wreck$ sev]al planes on ! gr\nd1 s5t ! re/ scatt]+ = %elt]4 ,pil+ extra cans ( gasol9e abo>d1 ,brannigan cut 8 %ip loose1 head$ into ! w9d1 a w9d s high t at times he f\nd himself pu%$ backw>d at full ?rottle1 hov]$ = an h\r & a half ov] ! capital1 wait+ ! /orm out1 !n flew #aej miles d[n ! bay to ,langley field & put up = ! night4 ,on ano!r occasion at ,w9/on ,salem1 ) 8 %ip on ! ma/1 ,brannigan 0 caught 9 a sleet /orm1 f\nd 8 %ip b[$ d[n & be+ cru%$ by ! weight ( ice on its back4 ,gett+ extra m5 f ! city fire dep>tm5t1 he brac$ 8 control surfaces ) poles1 beat (f ! ice on ! bag z high z he c\ld rea* ) bran*es1 built oil smudge fires alongside to melt ! ice1 took (f all possible equipm5t1 to light5 %ip1 kept 8 craft head$ into ! w9d1 f\ght ! /orm successfully--& 9 ! morn+ z ! sun came out & ! ice melt$1 flew on to ,florida4 ,boettn]1 />t+ s\? 9 #aicj 9 ! l>g] ,def5d] attempt+ a non-/op flight to ,miami1 ran into ice & sn[ 9 ! ,t5nessee m\nta9s4 ,an oil l9e froze4 ,8 me*anic climb$ out on ! outrigg]s & made em]g5cy repairs 9 flight1 b n be=e ! %ip _h lo/ mo/ ( its oil4 ,rea*+ ,knoxville airport by morn+1 he dropp$ a note1 l[]$ a l9e1 haul$ up additional oil1 refill$ ! tanks1 w5t on to ! ,gadsd5 hang> to complete repairs4 ,no ,goodye> blimp has ev] be5 damag$ by /orms :ile 9 ! air1 ?\gh a bit ( res\rcefulness 0 ne$$ f "t to "t4 ,= t matt]1 inquiry does n disclose any cases ( a non-rigid air%ip be+ damag$ by /orm :ile 9 flight4 ,two ,goodye> blimps 7 9 ! pa? ( ! #aich hurricane1 :i*1 head+ = ,florida f ! ,c>ibbean1 *ang$ its c\rse erratically & mov$ up ! coa/1 %ot across ,new ,engl&4 ,lange1 ) ! ,ent]prise1 0 at ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4,j41 #ej miles (f ! direct c\rse ( ! hurricane4 ,he put 8 %ip on ! ma/1 held x !re dur+ w9ds :i* rose z high z #gc miles p] h\r4 ,he put extra m5 on ! h&l+ l9es1 d\bl$ ! numb] ( screw /akes :i* held ! ma/1 us$ ! bus1 ) its motor wide op51 z fur!r re-en=cem5t4 ,! /orm rag$ furi\sly at ! %ip = h\rs b c\ldn't budge x & :5 ! hurricane pass$ on1 ev]y?+ 0 intact4 ,boettn]1 ) ! ,puritan at ,spr+field1 ,mass41 0 almo/ directly at ! axis ( ! /orm4 ,he made ! same gallant fight z ,lange1 b aga9/ w9ds :i* ro>$ to #ajj miles p] h\r 9 gu/s1 uproot$ #ajj-ye>-old trees1 tugg$ at a %eet-iron hang> ro(1 flapp+ x up & d[n1 f9ally ripp$ x loose1 sail$ x l a *ild's kite across ! airport & out ( sight4 ,at ! peak ( ! /orm ! /eel *a9s atta*+ ! ma/ cables to ! screw /akes fail$ on ! w9dw>d side1 ?ru/+ ! ma/ into ! side ( ! %ip1 cutt+ a hole 9 ! fabric4 ,boettn] pull$ out ! rip panel1 deflat+ ! %ip to prev5t fur!r damage & :5 ! /orm pass$ roll$ up ! bag1 load$ x & ! control c> abo>d a truck1 %ipp$ x into ,akron :]e a new bag 0 atta*$4 ,! ,puritan 0 back at "w )9 a week4 ,no wond] ,goodye> pilots came to h great fai? 9 ! /aun*ness ( _! craft1 & _! ability to get out ( tr\ble4 ,fuel exhau/ion didn't bo!r ! blimp4 ,fickes f\nd t out e>ly1 at ,w+foot ,lake1 :5 a leak develop$ 9 8 tank & empti$ x4 ,free balloon+ 8 %ip he float$ ov] a f>m h\se1 ask$ !m to call ! (fice1 wait$ al(t till a truck came out ) additional fuel4 ,boettn] _h a simil> difficulty :ile return+ f ,canada 9 ! ,def5d]4 ,p]si/5t headw9ds cut d[n 8 fuel & :5 he rea*$ ! ,am]ican %ore ar\nd midnight x 0 a "q :e!r he c\ld g on z f> z ,akron4 ,pick+ up ,u4 ,s4 ,highway ,five z be+ heavily travel$1 he swung l[ ov] an adjo9+ field1 sl[$ d[n s t 8 me*anic c\ld drop (f1 flag a pass+ c> & g into t[n = gas4 ,by ! "t ! aide return$ a numb] ( c>s _h p>k$ alongside4 ,driv+ into ! field1 ) headlights full on !y =m$ a half circle1 & ! driv]s caught ! l9es1 held ! %ip till ! fuel c\ld be deliv]$1 & ,boettn] proce$$ on to ,w+foot ,lake4 ,mi%aps !re 7 ( c\rse1 9 all ^! ye>s1 b few 7 s]i\s4 ,lange snagg$ a lone dead tree 9 ! fog ov] ! ,alabama m\nta9s & ,smi? side-swip$ ano!r :ile fly+ ov] a pass 9 ,t5nessee4 ,! %ip settl$ easily to ! gr\nd 9 ea* in/ance1 & f>m]s came 9 ) /one boats1 c>ri$ ! c> & bag to t[n = repairs4 ,brannigan1 return+ at night f ,syracuse1 ran %ort ( gasol9e1 direct$ 8 gr\nd crew to l& him 9 an op5 field ahead4 ,! %ip nos$ d[n1 8 aide direct+ ! m5 ) 8 fla%light4 ,b j at ?is juncture ! top ( ! fla%light fell (f into ! propell]1 0 :ipp$ into ! bag l a bullet1 />t$ a leak :i* 0 n discov]$ till next day4 ,mo/ %ips 9 ! ,goodye> fleet h be5 fir$ on by ?\ghtless hunt]s4 ,once a bullet w5t ?r\gh a %ip a few in*es back ( ! pilot4 ,"o m>ksman 0 arre/$ & s5t to jail 9 ,florida4 ,pilot ,trott] _h a curi\s exp]i5ce 9 ,oklahoma 9 #aice1 :ile on 8 way to ! ,dallas fair4 ,! %ip _h be5 on ! ma/ = ?ree days wait+ = wea!r4 ,on ! f\r? morn+1 f9d+ ! %ip r sluggi%1 ,trott] look$ ar\nd4 ,a glass w9d[ f ! cab9 gives a view ( ! int]ior ( ! bag & z ,trott] look$ he saw light bl9k+ f #ad bullet holes--?r\gh :i* gas _h be5 p\r+ = ?ree days6 ,! ne>e/ hang> :]e repairs c\ld be made & helium secur$ 0 at ,scott ,field1 ne> ,/4 ,l\is1 #djj miles away4 ,by ?is "t ! %ip _h b>ely en\gh lift = ! pilot & #ajj gallons ( gas1 n en\gh = ! co-pilot4 ,s ,trott] flew alone to ,/4 ,l\is1 l&+ s heavy t ! %ip _h almo/ to be c>ri$ into ! hang>1 made 8 repairs & 0 back 9 ,oklahoma ! next day4 ,sewell _h ! exp]i5ce ( see+ a propell] fly (f :ile head+ d[n ! bay f ,san ,francisco1 saw x c>e5 wildly d[n1 flew on to ! next airport on "o motor1 m\nt$ 8 sp>e4 ,always ! pilots 7 call+ = m spe$1 remov+ or /reaml9+ :atev] s\rces ( resi/ance !y c\ld1 pick+ ! "t = cross-c\ntry flights :5 conditions 7 favorable4 ,!y flew f ,akron to ,wa%+ton & ,new ,york frequ5tly at #fj miles p] h\r4 ,! ,reliance did ev5 bett] 9 a trip nor? 9 #aici4 ,/>t+ home aft] its w9t] 9 ,florida1 ! %ip 0 held up 9 ,jacksonville--by tire tr\ble ( all ?+s4 ,! di/ance an air%ip c make 9 a day is limit$ by ! di/ance ! bus c travel1 s9ce ! gr\nd crew mu/ be on h& at night to l& ! %ip4 ,& by n[ ! bus1 ) its radio equipm5t1 ma/s & ! l _h rea*$ ! po9t :]e only ! special ,goodye> ,,ykl tires w\ld su/a9 ! #ad1jjj p\nds ( weight com=tably4 ,!re 0 a %ortage ( ,,ykl's :5 !y />t$ & ?ree /&>d tires _h fail$ on ! run up f ,miami4 ,nei!r ,jacksonville nor ,atlanta bran* _h ,,ykl's 9 t size & to get !m f ,akron w\ld entail a day's delay4 ,mean:ile ! %ip 0 tugg+ on ! ma/1 ) a /rong s\? w9d1 anxi\s to get "u way4 ,! pilots held a conf]5ce4 ,maybe1 utiliz+ ! tail w9d1 !y c\ld make x non-/op all ! way to ,wa%+ton1 #gjj miles nor? & h ,lange's crew l& !m4 ,if !y ran %ort ( gas !y c\ld /op at ,ft4 ,bragg1 ,n4 ,c41 a conv5i5t half-way po9t4 ,! ,army _h a motoriz$ obs]vation balloon !re1 & 0 always will+ to l5d a h& to fell[ air%ipp]s4 ,x 0 ,%epp>d's turn to take ! controls4 ,he s5t a wire to ,ft4 ,bragg4 8,if ,i run %ort ( fuel1 ,i'll circle ! field z a signal4 ,c\ld y l& my %ip1 l5d me en\gh gas to get on to ,wa%+ton80 ,! answ] came back promptly1 9 ! affirmative1 & ! %ip left at midnight4 ,ro>+ across ! ,c>ol9as at mile a m9ute spe$ ! ,reliance sight$ ,ft4 ,bragg be=e daylight1 ) pl5ty ( gas left4 ,an entire company 0 l9$ up ready to l& ! %ip4 ,%epp>d flew l[1 cut 8 motors1 ?ank$ !m1 flew on = ,hoov] ,airport1 arriv+ be=e noon4 ,he av]ag$ #ff miles p] h\r ov] ! #gjj mile trip1 & l&$ ) en\gh gasol9e to h gone on to ,new ,york4 ,by utiliz+ help+ w9ds1 ?rottl+ 8 motors to cruis+ spe$1 ,%epp>d _h effect$ mo/ economical use ( 8 fuel supply4 ,fickes us$ ! same te*nique m /rik+ly 9 ! deliv]y flight ( ! l>g] ,navy ,k-#e 9 #aida1 :5 he flew 9 to ,lakehur/ f ,w+foot ,lake at #ajj miles p] h\r spe$1 aga9 demon/rat+ t great] cruis+ radius ?an t = :i* a %ip 0 design$ may be effect$1 :5ev] x is possible to pick dep>ture times t are mo/ favorable4 ,illu/ration3 ,%ips l ^!1 (f ,new ,york ,city's great h>bor1 might af=d w>n+ ( ! approa* ( enemy subm>9es1 or ! lay+ ( m9es to endang] its %ipp+4 ,illu/ration3 ,op]at+ f a base across 9 ,j]sey1 ! blimps became a famili> sight ar\nd ,new ,york ,city dur+ ! ,_w's ,fair4 ,illu/ration3 ,:ile ?r\gh\t ! middle we/1 ! long aft]noon %ad[s m>k$ ! arrival 9 "o city aft] ano!r ( /range visitors f ! sky4 ,o!r improvem5ts 9 con/ruction or op]at+ te*nique grew out ( ! fleet's exp]i5ces 9 fly+ 9 all wea!rs4 ,a trip made by ! ,def5d] 9 #aicj f ,miami across to ,havana br\ght home ! usefulness ( ! radio4 ,! insurance und]writ]s insi/$ on a two-way radio be+ in/all$1 along ) pontoons on ! %ip1 z safety precautions4 ,nei!r radio nor pontoons 7 ne$$ dur+ ! cross+1 b ! pilots s5s$ ! desirability ( be+ able to communicate ) _! home /ation & _! airport objective4 ,%ortly aft] a %ort wave frequ5cy 0 grant$ to ! %ips1 "o ( ! e>ly ones 9 aircraft1 & two-way sets 7 lat] in/all$ on e %ip1 on ! gr\nd-crew buses & at ,akron4 ,?is p]mitt$ ! mak+ ( daily wea!r maps1 ext5d$ ! air%ips' radius ( action4 ,pilots w\ld set out ) m assurance1 kn[+ t !y w\ld be quickly advis$ ( f\l wea!r ahead1 c\ld *ange _! c\rse1 give appropriate in/ructions to ! m5 on ! gr\nd1 l& :5ev] x seem$ desirable4 ,9 ! end ! air%ips 7 all do+ in/rum5t fly+1 rid+ ! radio beams l ! pass5g] airplanes1 got _! l&+ & take-(f in/ructions f ! radio control t[]s at ! airports4 ,! fleet prov$ an ideal te/+ vehicle = ! exp$ition>y ma/4 ,b progress mov$ c>efully1 a /ep at a "t4 ,z late z #aicj an air dock 0 built alongside ! company's plant at ,gadsd51 ,ala41 = use z an op]at+ base 9 ! middle s\?4 ,x 0 ?\ght necess>y z a half way po9t = %ips head$ = ,florida4 ,aft] ! high ma/ came 9 h[ev]1 ! ,gadsd5 dock came to be us$ only = w>eh\s+1 & no air%ip has be5 inside x 9 f\r ye>s4 ,9 #aicb ! ,volunte] />t$ 9 f ,los ,angeles = ,akron1 mak+ ! fir/ successful trip ( any non-rigid air%ip ov] ! ,cont95tal ,divide4 ,! ,volunte] 0 due = helium purification & a new bag4 ,no helium facilities 7 available clos] ?an ,akron4 ,r ?an deflate ! %ip & s5d x by tra91 ,pilot ,smi? decid$ to fly 94 ,he laid out a r\te via ,el ,paso1 ,san ,antonio1 & ,scott ,field1 s t he c\ld get %elt]1 if necess>y1 at army hang>s at ^? po9ts4 ,he b]!d at ,el ,paso j aft] a #ajj-mile-an-h\r /orm _h pass$ ov]1 /ay$ ?ree days at ,kelly ,field1 f\nd x unnecess>y to /op ov] night at ,scott4 ,ev5 s1 because ( p]si/5t head w9ds he _h _h to sp5d t5 nights 9 ! op51 sett+ up 8 l[ ma/ ) screw /akes on ! op5 prairie4 ,moor+ out proc$ure _h improv$ by ! "t t ,sewell made ! same trip five ye>s lat]1 s he made only c\rtesy /ops at ! ?ree army camps1 0 on 8 own4 ,a mi%ap at ,l\isville gave impetus to ! developm5t ( ! high ma/4 ,! retractible l[ ma/ m\nt$ on top ( ! bus 0 atta*$ to ! bag ab\t half way betwe5 ! c> & nose ( ! %ip1 conv5i5t to get at1 ! sy/em be+ ref]r$ to z 8belly-moor+40 ,! l[ ma/ 0 light1 c\ld be set up quickly & easily1 w\ld hold securely aga9/ a /raight pull ( consid]able =ce4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 n z effective 9 ! case ( a w9d %ift1 or gu/s :i* roll$ ! %ip on its side4 ,a high] ma/1 ) ! %ip an*or$ at ! nose1 0 free to sw+ 9 all directions4 ,e "o realiz$ ?is1 b x 0 only aft] ,crum's %ip 0 caught & twi/$ by a gu/ at ,l\isville1 pun*+ a hole 9 ! bag1 t ! *ange 0 made4 ,! high ma/1 built 9 sections1 an*or$ by guy wires to /akes screw$ 9 ! gr\nd1 0 m bulky1 took long] to set up1 b w\ld hold ! %ip indef9itely once x 0 9 place4 ,!reaft] bo? ma/s 7 c>ri$ 9 cross-c\ntry trips1 ! conv5i5t l[ ma/ be+ us$ = ov]night /ops 9 good wea!r1 ! high ma/ = m ext5d$ op]ations1 or :5 ! wea!r look$ ?reat5+4 ,! gr\nd-crew bus 0 9 evolution dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,built orig9ally to c>ry m]ely crew1 sp>e p>ts & supplies x add$ a radio room1 navigation qu>t]s1 & c>ri$ ! two ma/s4 ,a sc\t c> cruises ahead to make ov]night arrangem5ts1 a trail] foll[s1 ) its own electric plant & exp$ition>y equipm5t1 includ+ a spot light to play on ! %ip at night4 ,duties ( air%ip p]sonnel grew m specializ$ & complex4 ,memb]s ( ! gr\nd crew act$ z radio te*nicians1 meteorologi/s1 me*anics1 rigg]s4 ,!y compris$ a colorful gr\p1 recruit$ f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,sailors f ,new ,b$=d1 fruit gr[]s f ,florida1 f>m boys f ,ohio1 ran*]s f ! ,san ,joaqu9 valley1 a me*anic f a ,*icago airport1 a policeman f ! ,clevel& fair1 all dropp$ _! "w & foll[$ ! air%ips4 ,! p]sonnel li/ 0 a hi/ory ( e place an air%ip _h op]at$4 ,! "w wasn't easy1 involv$ long h\rs 9 ! cold & ra9 :5 /orms ?reat5$1 pick+ up mail f _! families on ! fly 9 cross-c\ntry op]ations1 mov+ _! h\seholds f nor? to s\? & nor? aga94 ,b ! gr\nd-crew m5 /uck1 mo/ ( !m hav+ t5 ye>s' s]vice & m4 ,on cross-c\ntry trips a crew ( #ad1 includ+ pilots1 is adequate4 ,! pilot p]sonnel too =m$ an int]e/+ gr\p4 ,jack ,boettn]1 *ief pilot1 vet]an ( ! gr\p1 ) probably m air%ip h\rs ?an any man 9 ! _w1 c]ta9ly 9 non-rigid air%ips1 _h play$ all-,am]ican football at ,wa%+ton & ,jeff]son1 be5 in/ructor at ,w+foot ,lake ?r\gh ! fir/ w>1 0 work+ 9 ,goodye>'s a]onautical sales :5 ! fleet got "u way4 ,z expansion />t$ 9 #aibg ,smi? came 9 f ! a]o work%op1 w\ld rema9 second 9 flight h\rs only to ,boettn]4 ,fickes f ,akron ,univ]sity1 left ! ,effici5cy ,dept4 to sign up1 set up "o ( ! fir/ outside bases1 at ,new ,b$=d1 flew ! ,mayfl[] :5 x pick$ up ,mr4 ,lit*field f an ocean l9]1 lat] became manag] ( all air%ip op]ations4 ,o',neil f ! work%op came on too1 9 t ye>1 became *ief me*anic4 ,:5 a base 0 set up at ,los ,angeles1 ,lange1 a ,new ,engl&] :o _h left ,bo/on ,univ]sity to fly air%ips 9 ! fir/ w>1 lat] fly+ out ( ,panama1 jo9$ up1 0 s5t to ,cali=nia1 lat] took *>ge ( ! ,wa%+ton base4 ,sewell1 a ,kansan ) a simil> record1 hav+ left ! /ate univ]sity to fly blimps 9 coa/al patrol 9 #aiah came 91 capta9$ a %ip at ,new ,york1 foll[$ ,lange at ,los ,angeles4 ,fur!r expansion came 9 #aibi1 :5 ! ,puritan1 ,mayfl[]1 ,vigilant & ,volunte] & ,def5d] 7 add$ to ! fleet4 ,n[ came ,wilson1 ,purdue football]1 ,furcul[ f ,we/ ,po9t & ,mt4 ,union1 ,hob5sack f ,we/ ,virg9ia ,u1 ,riek] & ,crum f ,ohio ,/ate1 ! la/ nam$ becom+ eng9e] (fic] ( ! gr\p4 ,o!r practical m5 came 91 f ! balloon room & a]o %ops--,%epp>d a ,virg9ian1 :o lat] flew all ov] ,new ,engl&1 ! ,middle ,we/ & ,texas2 ,massick1 ,crosi] & ,munro2 ,blair1 ,army s]geant f ,scott ,field1 came to ,goodye> aft] ! semi-rigid ,,rs-#a 0 f9i%$4 ,/acy1 ano!r ,new ,engl&]1 left ! class room at ,massa*usetts ,te* to sign up4 ,dixon1 born 9 a ligh?\se on ,nantucket ,isl&1 left a billet z junior (fic] on a ,s\? ,am]ican l9] to fly l& %ips in/ead4 ,trott]1 f ! ,naval ,academy1 0 9 eng9e]+ "w 9 ,florida :5 a blimp flew ov]4 ,lu$]s came 9 via ! gr\nd crew at ,los ,angeles4 ,_m ( ! ,goodye> pilots 7 commission$ z ,res]ve (fic]s 9 ! ,navy1 & ,fickes1 ,boettn]1 ,lange1 ,sewell1 ,wilson1 ,trott] & ,furcul[ ea* took a ye>'s active duty ) ! ,navy at ,lakehur/ ) rigid %ips4 ,m ?an a score ( trips 7 made by ,goodye> pilots across ! ocean z /ud5t (fic]s abo>d ! ,graf ,zeppel9 & ! ,h9d5burg1 gett+ po/-graduate tra9+4 ,! break+ up ( ! pilot organization began z e>ly z #aidj1 :5 ) w> cl\ds appe>+ 9 ! ,ea/1 ,trott]1 ,riek] & ,furcul[ volunte]$ = active duty ) ! ,navy4 ,by ! middle ( #aida1 ,/acy1 ,smi?1 ,lu$]s & ,dixon _h foll[$ !m into uni=m1 7 fly+ ,navy air%ips at ,lakehur/4 ,to fill _! places & also furni% mat]ial = ! already exp&+ air%ip ,navy1 a tra9+ class ( #ai m5 0 />t$ 9 late #aidj at ,akron & ,los ,angeles4 ,a six-mon?s' gr\nd s*ool prec$$ flight tra9+--:i* />t$ ) sev5 balloon flights4 ,! tra9+ c\rse evolv$ !re 0 "o :i* grew naturally out ( su* a situation4 ,air%ip pilot+ _h *ang$ f ! 8seat ( ! pants0 fly+ ( ! fir/ w>1 :5 vet]an ,jack ,boettn] w\ld turn out pilots 9 six weeks4 ,! %ips _h become m complex z improvem5ts 7 made4 ,helium gas 0 be+ us$4 ,navigation by radio & compass 0 q diff]5t f ! 8concrete compass fly+0 ( #aiaf1 :5 pilots foll[$ highways or railroad tracks to keep on c\rse4 ,in/rum5t fly+ _h come 91 & bl9d fly+ 0 "p ( e /ud5t's tra9+1 9 a clos$ control c>1 op]at+ by in/rum5t only4 ,! mod]n air%ip pilot _h to "k 8 radio beams & ! rules ( ,civil ,a]onautics ,au?ority1 be able to ride ! beam into ! airport4 ,9 ^! v>i\s details ! ,goodye> pilots1 long-season$1 _h p]fect$ !mselves ?r\gh ye>s ( op]ation1 7 compet5t to pass on _! secrets to ! y\ng/]s com+ 94 ,! /ud5t pilot sp5t 8 fir/ half doz5 h\rs try+ only to keep ! %ip at con/ant altitude1 n c>+ :]e he 0 go+4 ,!n he w\ld fly a giv5 c\rse1 foll[ a zigzag rail f5ce1 or a w9d+ road1 n worry+ ab\t 8 altitude4 ,lesson ?ree 0 to comb9e ! two1 fly at con/ant altitude ov] a set c\rse4 ,& aft] en\gh h\rs at ?is1 he'd try to circle a pylon1 keep+ a specifi$ di/ance away1 :ile ! w9d pu%$ ! %ip 9 "o direction1 !n ano!r--n[ fly+ up w9d1 n[ d[n1 n[ cross-w9d1 n[ qu>t]+1 mak+ su* *anges 9 c\rse to all[ = w9d & drift z to ma9ta9 a p]fect circle--& try+ f9ally to a*ieve ! supreme art ( ! air%ipp]1 :i* is to get ! feel ( ! controls & ! wea!r s t he c anticipate drift & %>p drops & rises1 move 8 controls a split second ahead ( "t1 /ay on c\rse & altitude4 ,air%ip /ud5ts got no exemption f ,civil ,a]onautics ,au?ority by reason ( ! fact t blimps l& m sl[ly ?an bomb]s1 took ! same physical exam9ation1 includ+ eyesight4 ,! tra9+ c\rse work$ out ) ! gov]nm5t foll[$ closely t = heavi]-?an-air pilots1 ) su* *anges only z 7 made necess>y by ! fact t 9 "o case a /atic lift 0 utiliz$ *iefly1 & 9 ! o!r case dynamic lift4 ,!re 0 pl5ty ( ne$ = ! /ud5ts by ! "t !y f9i%$ _! tra9+4 ,ov] ! #af ye>s dur+ :i* ! fleet op]ations 7 c>ri$ on %ip sizes settl$ d[n to #abc1jjj cu4 ft4 z a compromise betwe5 ! #ea1jjj cu4 ft4 ,pilgrim & ! #afd1jjj cu4 ft4 ,def5d]4 ,?is size %ip c\ld c>ry six pass5g]s ) pilot & aide1 0 easy to h&le ) a small crew1 _h adequate cruis+ radius = ! job at h&4 ,lat] %ips1 ! ,ent]prise1 ,rang]1 ,resolute1 ,reliance & ,ra9b[1 c>ri$ on ! tradition ( honor+ ! def5d]s ( ,am]ica's cup 9 int]national rac+4 ,:ile an airplane c l& any:]e on an op5 field1 ! air%ip ne$$ at lea/ a m9imum ( t]m9al facilities4 ,_m gr\ps co-op]at$ at ! outset4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,florida built a hang>2 ,miami t[$ a w>-"t ,navy %$ up f ,key ,we/2 ,col4 ,e4 ,h4 ,r4 ,gre5 built "o on 8 ,new ,b$=d e/ate = use 9 connection ) radio /udies be+ made by ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology4 ,! company built its own at ,gadsd51 ,los ,angeles1 ,wa%+ton1 ,*icago & ,new ,york1 call+ !m air docks r ?an hang>s4 ,unus$ ,army & ,navy hang>s 7 borr[$ 9 ! e>ly ye>s at ,ab]de51 ,md41 & briefly at ,cape ,may1 ,n4 ,j41 ,p5sacola1 ,arcadia1 ,cal4 & ,*a?am1 ,mass41 ) ,lakehur/1 ,langley ,field1 ,scott ,field & ,sunnyvale1 ,cal41 h&y z ports ( call4 ,m & m1 h[ev]1 ! fleet grew indep5d5t ( gr\nd aid1 became increas+ly self-reliant ?r\gh ! use ( its ma/+ equipm5t4 ,! ,goodye> fleet wrote a rem>kable safety record 9 ! #af ye>s4 ,accid5ts to air%ip p]sonnel c\ld be c\nt$ on ! f+]s ( "o h&1 & 9 ! case ( ! public1 #djj1jjj pass5g]s _h be5 c>ri$ up to #aidb1 = a total ( #d1jjj1jjj miles )\t a scrat* ( anyone's f+]4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,results ( ,fleet ,op]ations ,illu/ration3 ,moor$ air%ip & fly+ air%ip ,goodye> air%ips made "s contribution dur+ ! #af ye>s ( fleet op]ations1 to flight & gr\nd h&l+ te*nique4 ,!y also contribut$ to m5's k ab\t wea!r4 ,= :]ev] x is fly+1 an air%ip1 by ! v nature ( ! craft1 is cont9ually regi/]+ ! effects at t po9t ( c]ta9 compon5ts ( wea!r4 ,& ! %ips cov]$ a consid]able "p ( ! c\ntry fairly ?or\ghly4 ,! nature & movem5ts ( air curr5ts c be /udi$ only incompletely f ! gr\nd1 = conditions !re are m]ely ! result ( =ces al(t4 ,only two vehicles leave ! gr\nd & use ! air z highways4 ,( ^! ! air%ip is va/ly m responsive to *anges 9 temp]atures & b>ometric pressure ?an ! airplane1 because ( ! lift+ gas 9 its envelope1 & some:at m responsive to *anges 9 w9d directions & velocities1 because ( its great] displacem5t ( air4 ,goodye> air%ips h travel$ widely1 h se5 at fir/-h& ! effects ( ra9 & sn[1 fog & sleet1 w9d & :irlw9d1 ?und]head & lightn+ /orm4 ,m important !y h be5 spectators at ! unse5 battle wag$ endlessly betwe5 cold fronts & w>m ones across ! great c5tral pla9s1 cont9u$ ) r5ew$ v9dictiv5ess ?r\gh m\nta9 ranges & valleys4 ,! in=mation br\ght by ^! voyag]s has n be5 )\t value to ! m5 9 ! airport control t[]s1 :o are /udy+ wea!r ph5om5a 9 ! ef=t to make fly+ safe4 ,a :ole new sci5ce ( wea!r int]pretation has come 9 ) air transport1 & ! ,u4 ,s4 ,wea!r ,bureau has o!r duties ?an advis+ f>m]s ab\t plant+ & h>ve/+ crops4 ,x may be m]ely co9cid5ce t :5 a new *ief _h to be select$ = ! ,wea!r ,bureau a few ye>s ago an air%ip pilot 0 select$--,comm&] ,f4 ,w4 ,rei*eld]f] ( ! ,navy1 :o _h long /udi$ ! movem5t ( air masses & _! effect on flight4 ,army & ,navy %ips put 9 m actual fly+ days p] mon? ?an ,goodye> %ips1 :5 on coa/al patrol1 because once out at sea ! s]vice %ips 7 out = all day--& an air%ip1 by pick+ its "t1 & us+ its ma/1 c always get out & get back4 ,goodye> pilots _h a diff]5t sort ( job4 ,!y 7 op]at+ ov] l&1 fly+ #ajj pass5g]s a day1 at #aj to #ae m9ute int]vals1 9 "o t[n aft] ano!r4 ,!y might susp5d op]ations :5 ceil+s 7 l[1 or w9ds high1 or gu/y1 n because !y c\ldn't fly "u ^? circum/ances1 b because flights w\ld be less agreeable1 & might be haz>d\s = _! pass5g]s4 ,h[ev]1 ! %ips !mselves1 hav+ no %elt] at h&1 _h to /ay out & take x4 ,_! job 0 to int]e/ ! p ( ,am]ica 9 light]-?an-air1 & !y _h to g :]ev] p 71 reg>dless ( :at fly+ wea!r might int]v5e4 ,s betwe5 ,navy1 ,army & ,goodye> air%ips op]at+ ov] a p]iod ( ye>s1 x 0 fairly well demon/rat$ t !re is v little unflyable wea!r = light]-?an-air craft4 ,t is a conclusion ( no small importance4 ,w9ds ( gale =ce may make x prud5t = ! air%ip to /ay 9 ! hang> or on ! ma/1 & conditions ( z]o ceil+1 z]o visibility1 :i* gr\nd o!r aircraft1 w\ld make op]ations haz>d\s1 especially ov] m\nta9\s c\ntry1 b ev5 ! mo/ adv]se wea!r conditions w\ld h>dly keep ! air%ip at home if an enemy 0 at l>ge4 ,any "t subm>9es are op]at+ ! air%ip c be available to seek !m out4 ,ano!r result em]g+ f ! fact ( fleet op]ations 0 t fly+ m5 & con/ruction m51 work+ toge!r1 became a closely knit gr\p4 ,eng9e]s le>n$ to fly %ips1 & fly]s took _! turn 9 ! %ops4 ,9 build+ air%ips = ! ,navy1 at ! spe$ dem&$ by w> conditions1 ! control c>s 7 built 9 ! %op & ! envelopes cut out & fitt$ & cem5t$ toge!r 9 ! balloon room4 ,b op]at+ m51 fly]s & gr\nd crew m51 me*anics & rigg]s & ma9t5ance m5 took ov] f !re1 put ! %ips toge!r--assembl$ !m1 te/$ !m out1 deliv]$ !m to ! ,navy4 ,illu/ration3 ,lessons 9 /reaml9+ ga9$ f build+ & fly+ blimps became useful :5 b>rage balloons came into ! picture z a new def5se weapon4 ,illu/ration3 ,! moor+ ma/ made ! blimps exp$ition>y craft1 elim9at$ ! ne$ = l>ge gr\nd crews1 p]mitt$ m fly+ days p] mon?1 increas$ safety4 ,illu/ration3 ,float+ ,navy blimps & b>rage balloons1 ) _! curi\s />-fi% tails1 give ! s]vice dock some?+ ( ! appe>ance ( a giant aqu>ium4 ,illu/ration3 ,pr9cipal use = ! rigid air%ip 9 w>time is z an airplane c>ri]1 ) half a doz5 planes to ext5d its reconnaissance range & det]m9e ! enemy's position4 ,x 0 ?is co-ord9ation betwe5 m5 9 gre5 eye %ades1 work+ ov] ! draft+ bo>d & w9d-tann$ pilots1 /udy+ gray skies & phosphoresc5t control bo>ds1 :i* enabl$ ! organization to meet ! w> em]g5cy ( l>ge scale production ( non-rigid air%ips4 ,!re 0 ano!r by-product result aris+ f ! fact t ! company1 ev5 9 ! doldrum days1 :5 !re 7 few ord]s = %ips1 _h kept its eng9e]s at "w on rese>* & its %ips fly+ on exp]im5tal missions4 ,x all happ5$ sudd5ly1 a colorful circum/ance n (t5 f\nd 9 ! sob] humdrum ( ! bus9ess _w4 ,a great plane manufactur]1 hav+ m def5se "w ?an its cr[d$ %ops c\ld h&le1 look$ ar\nd = "s company ) exp]i5ce 9 ! fabrication ( light metal1 to :om x c\ld f>m out "s ( ! details4 ,goodye> ,aircraft ,corporation1 ! a]onautic subsidi>y1 0 ask$ to build tail surfaces = ,m>t9 bomb]s4 ,a curi\s ?+ happ5$4 ,m5 ^: "w _h be5 prim>ily ) air%ips1 r ?an airplanes 7omitt+ ! q diff]5t field ( airplane tires1 :eels1 & brakes7 f\nd !mselves on famili> gr\nd :5 !y swung ov] to heavi]-?an-air con/ruction4 ,"h 0 ! same problem ( gett+ maximum /r5g? ) m9imum weight1 ( selection & treatm5t ( light alloys1 ( intricate /ress calculations1 & a hundr$ +5i\s devices to measure ^? /resses1 enabl+ design]s to turn out a sci5tifically design$ /ructure4 ,! backgr\nd 0 !re--n to m5tion _! exp]i5ce & /udies 9 /reaml9$ design--to r$uce resi/ance1 get maximum p]=mance f p[] plants4 ,! diff]5ce 0 t 9 ! case ( ! air%ip sav+s 9 weight m\nt fa/1 because ( size4 ,! importance ( light weight & high /r5g? _h come home to air%ip design]s ye>s be=e4 ,_! exp]i5ce 0 directly applicable to ! new field4 ,o!r ord]s came 91 f ,curtiss1 ,consolidat$1 ,grumman1 & soon ! huge plant 0 humm+ ) ! production ( p>ts = fight]s & bomb]s4 ,!n a f\r-company arrangem5t 0 set up by ! gov]nm5t to exp& airplane production /ill fur!r1 & aft] t an ord] = complete planes4 ,! orig9al plant 0 n[ jam-pack$ ) la!s & drills1 jigs & presses1 & ?ree huge new plants 7 built alongside & across ! road1 & ,goodye> ,aircraft ,corporation f\nd itself ) ?\s&s ( m51 build+ n only air%ips1 b airplanes & airplane p>ts z well4 ,e l>ge company took on new tasks 9 def5se1 b 9 ?is case ,goodye> 0 able to move quickly1 & give unexpect$ support to ! airplane program by reason ( its long rese>* 9 a diff]5t field4 ,?is result1 x is true1 grew *iefly out ( rese>* 9 rigid air%ips1 r ?an non-rigids1 b bo? play$ a "p 9 ano!r in/ance--b>rage balloons4 ,engl& 0 us+ !m1 might ask ?is c\ntry to supply "s4 ,! ,am]ican gov]nm5t too might h use = !m4 ,s1 long be=e !re 0 ev5 any h9t ( ord]s1 ,mr4 ,lit*field ?rew a new problem to ! eng9e]s at ,goodye> ,aircraft & ! op]at+ m5 at ,w+foot ,lake--! job ( design+ an effici5t b>rage balloon4 ,!y 7 n to make ,*9ese copies ( =eign balloons1 b draw on _! exp]i5ce 9 light]-?an-air & see if pr9ciples & te*nique e/abli%$ !re c\ld n be appli$ to design balloons :i* w\ld ride ) maximum /ability 9 gu/y & un/able air4 ,m5 w5t to "w1 design+1 build+1 fly+1 obs]v+1 reject+1 alt]+1 improv+1 week aft] week1 mon? aft] mon?1 until sev]al satisfactory types 7 evolv$4 ,"o ( ^! 0 capable ( fly+ at #ae1jjj feet1 twice ! usual height4 ,ord]s began to come 91 & ! little gr\p ( m5 & girls 9 ! balloon room quickly grew into a l>ge organization4 ,! dep>tm5t outgrew its qu>t]s1 took ov] room aft] room1 exp&$ to subsidi>y plants outside ,akron4 ,"o in/rum5t develop$ illu/rates h[ ! air%ip m5 7 able to utilize pa/ exp]i5ce 9 a new project4 ,m\nt$ alongside ! w9* on ! gr\nd1 x gave exact in=mation1 z (t5 z 0 want$1 z to :at ! b>rage balloon 0 do+1 a mile or ?ree miles up4 ,?is assembly includ$ a mov+ picture cam]a1 :i* cont9u\sly1 or at fix$ int]vals1 or at any in/ant desir$1 by means ( radio control1 w\ld photograph record+ dials & %[ ^! ?+s3 w9d velocity at ! balloon1 t5sion on cable1 gas pressure inside ! balloon1 temp]ature ( conf9$ gas1 temp]ature & humidity ( ! air surr\nd+ ! balloon1 angle ( attack at :i* ! balloon fac$ ! w9d1 bo? =e & aft & f side to side1 also a clock1 :i* %[$ ! "t ! read+s 7 record$4 ,^! pictures1 :5 develop$ gave ! eng9e]s ! data f :i* !y c\ld modify designs & arrive at a type ( balloon :i* w\ld ride mo/ easily al(t1 avoid undue tugg+ & surg+ on ! cable--incid5tally p]mitt+ small] gauge & weight cable to be us$ = a giv5 height ) ample safety m>g94 ,p]haps ! l>ge/ s+le result1 h[ev]1 gr[+ out ( ! fleet op]ations 0 t x _h creat$ manufactur+ facilities1 %ips & p]sonnel on :i* ! ,navy c\ld draw1 z fully z x want$1 9 em]g5cy1 & ) little m delay ?an ! "t x took = a man to *ange 8 uni=m4 ,boettn]1 ,sewell1 ,blair1 ,hob5sack & ,hill foll[$ ! o!rs into ! s]vice4 ,hob5sack's gr\nd crew 9 ,cali=nia sign$ up ) him 9 a body1 & m5 f o!r gr\nd crews1 exp]t 9 rigg+1 9 motors1 radio1 9 moor+ out & ma9t5ance jo9$ up4 ,9 ! end only ,fickes & ,crum 7 left at ,akron to build ! new %ips1 & ,%epp>d1 ,crosi] & ,massic to te/-fly !m1 !n f]ry !m to _! de/9ations4 ,! /ud5t pilots at ,w+foot ,lake _h f9i%$ _! tra9+ j 9 "t4 ,ab\t half ( !m w5t imm$iately into ! ,navy1 7 commission$ & s5t to ! v>i\s bases1 ! o!rs rema9$ at ,akron z replacem5ts to ! o!r pilots1 9 te/+ & deliv]y flights1 or on key po/s 9 air%ip con/ruction4 ,! exp]i5ce accumulat$ by ! blimp pilots "u v>y+ wea!r conditions ov] ! c\ntry prov$ useful to ! ,navy1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! exp$ition>y op]ations :i* coa/al patrol w\ld dem&4 ,x 0 useful z well 9 help+ tra9 navy aviation cadets = ! gr[+ air%ip fleet4 ,five ( ! pilots1 ,sewell1 ,boettn]1 ,riek]1 ,/acy & ,smi? _h rea*$ ! rank ( lieut5ant comm&] by ! end ( #aidb1 & ,lange1 full comm&]1 _h become comm&+ (fic] ( a new ,navy /ation on ! we/ coa/4 ,two ( ! public relations m51 ,lieut5ants ,petrie & ,s*ett]1 old air%ip tr\p]s1 foll[$ ! fli]s into uni=m4 ,! air%ip s]vice suff]$ its fir/ casualty 9 #aidb :5 ,lt4 ,trott]1 gallant & res\rceful pilot ( balloons & %ips1 0 kill$ 9 a collision1 9 :i* ,lt4 ,comdr4 ,r\nds also lo/ 8 life4 ,! ,goodye> fleet pass$ out ( exi/5ce ) ! w>4 ,! %ips be+ ! same size z ! ,navy tra9+ %ips1 x 0 a simple matt] to *ange !m ov]1 pa9t ! new "n on _! broad sides4 ,facilities = %ip con/ruction became useful also 9 ! new w>4 ,an air%ip hang> is unlike any o!r /ructure 9 ! _w4 ,x mu/ be broad & high & free ( support+ gird]s4 ,!re 7 two l>ge air%ip docks at ,akron1 half a doz5 small] ones ov] ! c\ntry4 ,at h&1 too1 0 equipm5t = helium purification & /orage1 along ) radio & wea!r ge>1 mobile moor+ ma/s & o!r specializ$ equipm5t :i* only light]-?an-air uses4 ,!re 0 ! balloon room1 too1 ) a weal? ( exp]i5ce dat+ back to ! fir/ ,_w ,w>1 & :i* ) new jobs l build+ b>rage balloons1 rubb] rafts & assault boats grew to l>ge dim5sion4 ,w+foot ,lake 0 m ?an d\bl$ 9 size1 & ! l>ge air%ip dock1 occupi$ at fir/ by heavi]-?an-air production1 _h to be *ang$ back lat] = air%ip assembly1 to meet ! ,navy's m\nt+ dem&s = %ips4 ,! bases at ,wa%+ton & ,los ,angeles 7 conv]t$ to o!r a]onautic uses2 ! two-%ip dock at ,*icago & ! "o at ,new ,york 7 torn d[n & mov$ to ,akron to provide additional space = %ip assembly4 ,& s ! fact t ! company _h ma9ta9$ an air%ip fleet = a numb] ( ye>s _h ! result t 9 em]g5cy :5 ! ,navy ne$$ %ips & m5 to fly !m1 ,goodye> 0 ready4 ,all ( :i* 0 n =ese5 :5 ,mrs4 ,lit*field pull$ a cord to release a flock ( pigeons & *ri/5 ! pione] %ip ,pilgrim1 at a pa/ure-airport outside ,akron 9 #aibe4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,vuln]ability ( ,air%ips ,illu/ration3 ,air%ip & escort w>%ip ,m5tion air%ips & mo/ p w imm$iately raise ! "q ( vuln]ability4 ,l>ge1 sl[ mov+1 a tempt+ t>get1 air%ips c\ld be %ot out ( ! sky by %ip or %ore guns1 or by ho/ile airplane fire1 x is argu$1 almo/ z easily z a d9n] gue/ t\*+ 8 cig>et to a toy balloon4 ,& ?is is probably true1 ) res]vations1 if enemy %ips or anti-aircraft batt]ies or planes 7 ar\nd4 ,b ! air%ip1 non-rigid1 has no m bus9ess 9 su* areas ?an a ,briti% airplane c>ri] w\ld h to drop an*or 9 ,hamburg h>bor4 ,x 0 because ( ! imm95ce ( attack f sea or %ore or air t nei!r ,engl& nor ,g]many us$ air%ips 9 ! pres5t w>1 p>ticul>ly s9ce !y w\ld h to use ! inflammable hydrog5 gas4 ,x 0 because su* attack on ,am]ican air%ips f any ( ^! ?ree s\rces 0 mu* less likely--& t we h helium gas1 :i* does n burn--t ?is c\ntry is us+ !m4 ,_! *ief field ( op]ations is n (f ! enemy's coa/s b our own1 along t broad ribbon ( wat]s us$ by our coa/wise %ipp+1 an area r\ghly m>k$ 9 ! ,atlantic by ! #ajj fa?om curve1 ! favorite fi%+ gr\nds ( enemy subm>9es4 ,?\s&s ( miles ( blue wat]1 n ! n>r[ lanes ( ! ,nor? ,sea or ,briti% ,*annel are betwe5 !m & ! %ore guns ( an enemy4 ,an enemy fleet1 ?\gh likelihood ( ?is seems remote1 might p5etrate ^? coa/ wat]s 9 attempt$ invasion1 attack ! blimps ) anti-aircraft fire4 ,b su* an enemy1 arriv+ 9 =ce1 w\ld h ei!r to knock out our ,atlantic fleet1 or slip pa/ x 9 surprise attempt4 ,9 ! remote lat] cont+5cy1 ! in=mation relay$ back by air%ip radio t ! enemy 0 mov+ 9 w\ld be wor? los+ air%ips or any o!r craft1 to get4 ,! ?ird hypo!sis1 attack by airplane1 is also conceivable4 ,b if long-rang+ enemy planes 7 able to get t close to our %ores !y'd h m important bus9ess 9 h& ?an wa/+ "t & p[d] on a helium bubble bobb+ 9 ! air1 #aj1jjj feet bel[--:i* 9 any ev5t w\ld already h radio$ ! news a%ore4 ,9 ! fairly remote cont+5cy t ! airplane did *oose to attack ! blimp1 x w\ld f9d ! position ( t mov+ t>get1 fly+ at an indet]m9ate di/ance bel[1 mu* m difficult to calculate ?an a fix$ t>get a%ore1 no easy ?+ to drop bombs on4 ,if x swung d[n close1 x might riddle ! bag ) ma*9e gun bullets b )\t necess>ily s9k+ x--z witness ! case ( ,trott]'s %ip 9 ,oklahoma leak+ gas = #gb h\rs f #ad gap+ holes & /ill able to fly #djj miles = repairs4 ,! plane w\ld h almo/ to cut ! blimp 9 two ) a spray ( bullets to de/roy x--if x *ose to use its preci\s f>-borne ammunition 9 su* fa%ion--& w\ld f9d x bett] to attack f bel[1 on ! *ance ( a lucky hit into ! air%ip /ructure or controls1 or "o :i* disabl$ its crew4 ,b 9 t ev5t ! air%ip1 also arm$1 %oot+ x out f its m /able gun plat=m above w\ld h z good a *ance z ! plane4 ,! air%ip is vuln]able--z are all o!r milit>y craft--b us$ z ! ,navy proposes to use air%ips1 x may be said to h an acceptable degree ( vuln]ability1 9 view ( its pot5tial usefulness 9 its special field--def5se aga9/ subm>9e attack on convoys or coa/wise %ipp+4 ,! air%ip's advantages h be5 po9t$ out1 b may be repeat$4 ,^! gr[ out ( its spe$ range1 f z]o to a maximum ( #fe knots or s4 ,its sl[ spe$1 z comp>$ to ! airplane has ! comp5sation t x does n h to circle ar\nd to ma9ta9 altitude1 c keep any suspect object "u cont9u\s obs]vation4 ,its high spe$ enables x to rea* a giv5 po9t mu* soon] ?an ! fa/e/ surface sc\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,b>rage balloons--spid]s :o sp9 out webs ( /eel z !y asc5d--b ^! spid]s are out to cat* fli]s1 n flies1 enemy fli]s :o ?reat5 our democracy4 ,illu/ration3 ,mod]n armies t[+ a few ( ^! pocket siz$ b>rage balloons along1 might n be too mu* conc]n$ ov] attacks by /raf+ airplanes4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is ,/rata ,s5t9el w fly at #ae1jjj feet1 twice ! height ( o!r b>rage balloons4 ,by t "t ! lobes w be completely fill$ out by exp&+ pressure ( ! lift+ gas4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is air%ip1 silh\ett$ aga9/ ! aft]noon sun might be pac+ a peaceful cruis] race ?r\gh ! surf (f ,long ,bea*1 on ! ,s\!rn ,cali=nia coa/4 ,or x might be lead+ units ( ! mosquito fleet to sea (f ,cape ,cod1 to hold an enemy ,u-boat 9 *eck till %ips ( heavi] armam5t c\ld arrive4 ,illu/ration3 ,helium-inflat$1 fa/1 long rang$1 ! mod]n ,k-type ,navy patrol %ip is a f> cry f ! primitive air%ips ( ,_w ,w> ,i4 ,!y are arm$ ) bombs & ma*9e guns4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 brilliant sun%9e1 or ov]ca/1 9 fog or ra9 or sn[1 ! blimps take (f f _! bases day aft] day1 on gu>d aga9/ any enemy :o may invade ! coa/al wat]s4 ,a fa9t smoke scre51 miles di/ant ov] ! endless wat]s1 may turn out to be a peaceful m]*antman--or a vessel ) grimm] purpose1 seek+ ! advantage ( surprise attack4 ,illu/ration3 ,air%ip ov] c>go %ip ,! detection ( a subm>9e ev5 on ! surface is l>gely a matt] ( look+ 9 ! "r direction at ! "r "t4 ,! op5 w9d[s on all sides ( ! air%ip1 )\t ob/ruction by w+s give x special value 9 ?is field4 ,a subm>9e subm]g$ is /ill h>d] to f9d z its tell-tale fea!r is n easy to spot f a spe$+ plane or f ! cr['s ne/ ( a surface craft4 ,a non-rigid air%ip ?rottl+ d[n to ! spe$ ( its prey1 & hav+ ! altitude ( ! airplane1 has a mu* bett] *ance ( sight+ ! subm>9e1 be=e x c laun* its torp$oes4 ,tak+ (f 9 fog1 fly+ 9 l[ visibility1 compell$ to fly close to ! wat]1 ^! factors d n worry ! air%ip or h&icap its usefulness ov]mu*1 & might "u giv5 conditions prove extremely useful4 ,! air%ip appe>s to h "s advantage too 9 ! l5g? ( "t x may rema9 on /ation1 rang+ f #cj h\rs at high spe$ to undet]m9$ days at l[4 ,inde$ its endurance is n s mu* a matt] ( fuel capacity z ( ! ability ( crews to /& long wat*es )\t relief4 ,!re might be em]g5cies :]e air%ip sc\ts 7 want$ on cont9u\s duty ov] a consid]able p]iod4 ,comm&] ,ro&s' exp]im5ts po9t out int]e/+ possibilities 9 ?is respect1 ?r\gh ! transf] ( fuel & supplies f a surface %ip1 & ! tak+ on ( fre% crews4 ,?is g5]ally 0 ! case m5 saw = ! air%ip up to #aida1 z hav+ pot5tial usefulness1 9 ! ev5t ( w>1 aga9/ attack by sea4 ,!n came ,pe>l ,h>bor1 & ,am]ica's entrance into a new w>4 ,g]man ,u-boats1 l>g]1 fa/]1 m deadly1 mov$ swiftly 9 to attack1 z if wait+ = ! signal4 ,! ,japs made reconnaissance raids along ! ,we/ ,coa/4 8,wolf packs0 ( subm>9es 9 new "u-wat] tactics /alk$ convoys1 pick$ (f /raggl]s4 ,m ?an #fjj coa/-wise %ips1 m]*antm5 f ! ,c>ibbean & ,s\? ,am]ica1 & tank]s f ! ,gulf1 7 sunk 9 ! fir/ ye> ( w>4 ,! loss ( tank]s br\ght s]i\s complications a%ore1 ! ration+ ( gas along ! ea/]n seabo>d to cons]ve supply = milit>y purposes4 ,despite a quickly exp&+ program ( %ip con/ruction m]*antm5 7 be+ sunk fa/] ?an !y c\ld be built4 ,! ,navy's sea-fronti] def5se mov$ to meet ! attack4 ,non-rigid air%ips 7 assign$ a place 9 t program1 :]ev] !y c\ld be utiliz$ & ) :at %ips 7 on h&1 & new air%ip con/ruction 0 ru%$4 ,"u au?orization f ,congress1 a program ( air%ip & base con/ruction1 toge!r ) helium procurem5t1 0 accel]at$1 & by ! end ( ! ye>1 /ations 7 9 commission or be+ built at key po9ts along bo? coa/s & ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,akron exp&$ its facilities _m fold = ! build+ ( new air%ips1 :i* 7 fl[n to ! v>i\s bases ) increas+ frequ5cy dur+ ! ye>4 ,l>ge classes ( (fic]s1 aviation cadets & enli/$ m5 w5t into int5sifi$ tra9+ at ,lakehur/ & ,m(fett ,field1 prep>+ !mselves to man ! %ips z fa/ z !y 7 deliv]$4 ,! blimps :i* h be5 available to ! sea-fronti] =ces h r5d]$ valuable s]vice 9 patrol & escort missions4 ,_! exact record ( p]=mance1 includ+ numb] ( subm>9e s9k+s1 obvi\sly _c n[ be publi%$4 ,on sight+ a subm>9e1 or f9d+ indication ( its pres5ce1 ! tactical doctr9e might call ei!r = attack1 or to /& by1 summon+ airplanes & surface craft 9 = ! kill1 keep+ ! enemy "u unsuspect$ surveillance ! :ile1 & sav+ ! blimp's own dep? bombs = ano!r action4 ,! air%ip is capable ( c>ry+ on patrol & escort missions day aft] day "u a wide range ( wea!r conditions1 go+ = mon?s at "s /ations1 ev5 9 ! w9t]1 )\t miss+ a day4 ,?\gh no detail$ summ>y ( air%ip activities is possible n[1 x is no secret t1 j z 9 ! la/ w>1 ! subm>9es avoid$ attack ^u convoys :]e air%ips 7 on gu>d4 ,! ,g]man high comm& tacitly admitt$ t ?is 0 "o type t ! ,u-boats did n want to meet1 an enemy immune to its torp$oes1 ^: pres5ce ! sub's "u-wat] detectors did n reveal1 & :i* might appe> ov]head )\t w>n+4 ,admiral ,do5itz1 comm&+ ! ,g]man subm>9e =ce1 te/ifi$ 9 a press int]view to _! respect = our blimps4 ,! battle aga9/ ! subm>9es w be long & difficult1 & %ips w /ill g d[n & m5 w be lo/1 b ! *ase w be rel5tless z long z ! m5ace exi/s4 ,air%ips1 non-rigid1 h tak5 _! place 9 t phase ( ,am]ica's w> ef=t4 ,ref]5ces ,little is available 9 ! way ( bibliography on light]-?an-aircraft1 _! hi/ory & *>act]i/ics4 ,among ! be/ works deal+ ) ?is subject are ,capta9 ,c4 ,e4 ,ros5dahl's1 8,:at ,ab\t ! ,air%ip80 7,scribn]'s71 & 8,up ,%ip0 7,dodd ,mead72 ,capta9 ,ern/ ,lehmann's 8,zeppel90 7,longman's7 & ,capta9 ,j4 ,a4 ,s9clair's 8,air%ips 9 ,peace & ,w>0 7,ri* ,c[an1 ,london74 ,copies ( 8,! ,/ory ( ! ,air%ip 7,non-,rigid710 may be procur$ ?r\gh ,! ,goodye> ,tire ,rubb] ,co4 at ,akron1 ,ohio2 or at ,los ,angeles1 or bran* (fices4 ,index ,a ,alcock 7& ,br[n7 ,atlantic ,cross+1 #af4 ,b ,balla/ recov]y1 #dj et seq4 ,bases1 air%ip1 _w w>1 #ad2 peacetime1 #eh1 #ei1 #fd1 #fe4 ,baldw91 ,major ,tom1 #be1 #de4 ,b5nett1 ,james ,gordon1 races won by ,goodye> pilots1 #ac2 by ,we/ov]1 #cj2 ,van ,orman1 #df4 ,b>rage ,balloons1 #fc1 illu/4 opp4 #fb1 #fc1 #fh4 ,blimp1 orig9 ( "n1 #be4 ,blan*>d1 ,jean ,pi]re1 *annel cross+1 #bb4 ,boettn]1 ,jack1 pilot1 #ea1 #eb1 #eh1 #fe4 ,boyd1 ,lt41 #ai-bj4 ,brannigan1 ,*>les1 photograph opp4 vi2 pilot1 #de1 #df1 #ej1 #ea4 ,c ,c-#e1 illu/4 opp4 #ad1 #bb2 ,atlantic cross+1 #ae1 #af4 ,*>les1 ,j4 ,a4 ,c41 fir/ hydrog5 balloon1 #bb2 drag rope1 #bc4 ,*a?am1 ,u-boat attack1 #ad4 ,consolidat$1 planes1 #fc4 ,curtiss planes1 e>ly flights1 #bg2 ,goodye> "p 9 con/ruction1 #fb4 ,crum1 ,h4 ,w41 pilot1 #ef1 #eg4 ,d ,def5d]1 #dg2 at ,havana1 #ee4 ,de ,rozi]1 #bb4 ,drag rope1 develop$ by ,*>les1 #bc2 use at sea1 #db2 ) ma/1 at sea1 #gj4 ,e ,eck5]1 ,hugo1 #ca1 #cg4 ,f ,fickes1 ,k>l1 pilot1 #eb2 record flight ( ,k-#e1 #ed1 #eg1 #eh1 #fe4 ,f+] pat*1 illu/4 opp4 #ad1 #ce4 ,frankl91 ,b5j41 obs]vations on a]onautics1 #bb4 ,fulton1 ,capta9 ,g>l&1 #cg4 ,furcul[1 ,pilot1 #eg1 #eh4 ,g ,goodye> ,aircraft ,corporation1 #fb1 #fc4 ,gre5e1 ,col4 ,e4 ,h4 ,r41 dock at ,new ,b$=d1 #fj4 ,grosse ,ile1 hang>1 #ej4 ,grumman1 planes1 #fc4 ,h ,hawk] 7& ,gre5e7 ,atlantic ,cross+1 #af4 ,helium1 *>act]i/ics1 #bd1 #cc2 discov]y (1 #cd4 ,hock5smi?1 pilot1 #ej4 ,hydrog51 fir/ use 9 balloon1 #bb2 *>act]i/ics1 #bd1 #cc4 ,i ,iron ,horse1 #cg1 #dj4 ,j ,jutl&1 battle1 #aj4 ,k ,k5wor?y1 ,comm&] ,j4 ,l41 #ag4 ,l ,lange1 ,k>l1 pilot1 #ea1 #eb1 #eg1 #eh1 #ff4 ,lawr5ce1 ,lt4 ,john1 pilot1 #ae4 ,l9db]gh1 flight1 effect (1 #ca4 ,lit*field1 ,p4 ,w41 fir/ air meet1 #bg2 />ts blimp fleet1 #cj2 ma/ exp]im5ts1 #ch4 ,little1 ,lt41 pilot1 #ae4 ,los ,angeles1 air%ip1 illu/4 opp4 #bc2 :y built1 #bi2 ma/ /udies1 #cf1 #dd4 ,m ,macon1 ,,uss1 size1 #be4 ,m>t91 planes1 #fc4 ,ma/1 moor+1 #cf et seq42 illu/4 opp4 #ch4 ,mills1 ,comm&]1 ,g4 ,h41 #h1 #ag4 ,m9nesota1 damag$ by m9e1 #b4 ,m(fett1 ,admiral1 ,w4 ,a41 photograph opp4 iii2 report on value ( air%ips1 #ab1 #cg4 ,montgolfi]s1 fir/ balloon flight1 #ba4 ,morton1 ,walt]1 pilot1 #de4 ,n ,,nc-#d1 ,atlantic flight1 #af2 illu/4 opp4 #bb4 ,norge1 air%ip1 #be4 ,p ,p>sevals1 air%ips1 #be4 ,peck1 ,comm&] ,s4 ,e41 ,c-#e flight1 #ae4 ,pilgrim1 air%ip1 #bf1 #ca1 #cc1 #ff2 laun*+1 #ff4 ,pony ,blimp1 air%ip1 #dg1 #ej4 ,pre/on1 ,r4 ,a4 ,d41 pilot1 #ac1 #ae4 ,r ,r-#cd1 ,atlantic ,cross+1 #ae1 #af2 size1 #be4 ,radio1 fir/ use (1 #ee4 ,rei*eld]f]1 ,comm&] ,f4 ,w41 *ief ,u4 ,s4 ,wea!r ,bureau1 #fb4 ,riek]1 ,john1 pilot1 #eh1 #fe4 ,roma1 ,italian-built air%ip1 #ce4 ,ros5dahl1 ,capta91 ,c4 ,e41 photograph opp4 vi1 #ag1 #cg4 ,r\nds1 ,lt4 ,c4 ,s41 balla/ pick-up1 #dj1 #ff4 ,,rs-#a1 army air%ip1 #be1 #cj4 ,rubb]1 use ( syn!tics1 #ce4 ,s ,san ,diego1 ,,uss1 sunk by m9e1 #b4 ,santos ,dumont1 illu/4 opp4 #bb2 fir/ flights1 #bg4 ,settle1 ,comm&] ,t4 ,g4 ,w41 photograph opp4 vi1 #ch4 ,sewell1 ,a4 ,t41 pilot1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh1 #fe4 ,%5&oah1 ,,uss1 #bi4 ,%epp>d1 ,s4 ,h41 pilot1 #ed1 #eg4 ,smi?1 ,alfr$ ,e41 #cf1 #dh4 ,smi?1 ,v]ne1 pilot1 #eg1 #eh4 ,t ,,tc-#ad1 air%ip1 #ag1 #ai4 ,trott]1 ,f4 ,a41 pilot1 bullet holes 9 %ip1 #ec1 #eh1 #ff4 ,u ,upson1 ,r4 ,h41 pilot1 #ac4 ,v ,van ,orman1 ,w4 ,t41 balloon pilot1 #df4 ,volunte]1 air%ip1 #ci2 cross c\ntry trip1 #ee2 ma/+ out1 #ci4 ,w ,we/ov]1 ,g5]al1 #cj4 ,wilson1 ,r4 ,d41 pilot1 ,ev]glades rescue1 #dh1 #eg4 ,wright bro!rs1 fir/ flight1 #ba4 ,footnotes #a,see ,u4,s4 ,navy ,publication1 8,g]man ,subm>9e ,activities on ! ,atlantic ,coa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada10 #aibj1 also ! book1 8,g]man ,subs 9 ,yankee ,wat]s0--,h5ry ,j4 ,james1 #aidj4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,copyright notice provid$ z 9 ! orig9al--?is e-text is public doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,sil5tly correct$ palpable typos2 left non-/&>d spell+s & dialect un*ang$4 --,9 ! text v]sions1 delimit$ italics text 9 und]scores 7! ,,html v]sion reproduces ! font =m ( ! pr9t$ book47