,"o ,?\s& ,que/ions 9 ,cali=nia ,agriculture ,answ]$ ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,wickson ,pr(essor ( ,horticulture1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia2 ,editor ( ,pacific ,rural ,press2 ,au?or ( ,cali=nia ,fruits & ,h[ to ,gr[ ,!m & ,cali=nia ,vegetables 9 ,g>d5 & ,field1 etc4 ,=eword ,?is bro*ure is n a sy/ematic treatise 9 cate*etical =m int5d$ to cov] :at ! writ] holds to be mo/ important to "k ab\t ,cali=nia agricultural practices4 ,x is simply a classifi$ arrangem5t ( a ?\s& or m que/ions :i* h be5 actually ask$1 & to :i* answ]s h be5 und]tak5 ?r\gh ! columns ( ! ,pacific ,rural ,press1 a weekly j\rnal ( agriculture publi%$ 9 ,san ,francisco4 ,:atev] value is claim$ = ! "w is bas$ ^u ! assumption t in=mation1 :i* ab\t sev5 hundr$ p h actually ask$ =1 w\ld be also int]e/+ & helpful to ?\s&s ( o!r p4 ,if y d n f9d 9 ?is compilation :at y desire to "k1 submit y\r "q to ! ,pacific ,rural ,press1 ,san ,francisco1 9 ! columns ( :i* answ]s to agricultural que/ions are weekly set =? at ! rate ( five hundr$ or m ea* ye>4 ,?is publication is !re=e int5d$ to answ] a ?\s& que/ions = y & to enc\rage y to ask a ?\s& m4 ,e4 ,j4 ,wickson4 ,cont5ts ,"p ,i4 ,fruit ,gr[+ ,"p ,,ii4 ,vegetable ,gr[+ ,"p ,,iii4 ,gra9 & ,=age ,crops ,"p ,,iv4 ,soils1 ,irrigation1 & ,f]tiliz]s ,"p ,v4 ,live ,/ock & ,dairy ,"p ,,vi4 ,fe$+ ,animals ,"p ,,vii4 ,diseases ( ,animals ,"p ,,viii4 ,p\ltry ,keep+ ,"p ,,ix4 ,pe/s & ,diseases ( ,plants ,"p ,x4 ,index ,"p ,i4 ,fruit ,gr[+ ,dep? ( ,soil = ,fruit4 ,w\ld f\r feet ( good loose soil be en\gh = lemons8 ,f\r feet ( good soil1 provid+ ! und]ly+ /rata are n *>g$ ) alkali1 w\ld give y a good gr[? ( lemon trees if moi/ure 0 regul>ly pres5t 9 ab\t ! "r quantity1 nei!r too mu* nor too little1 & ! temp]ature conditions 7 favorable to ! success ( ?is tree1 :i* w n /& z mu* fro/ z ! orange4 ,temp]atures = ,citrus ,fruits4 ,:at is ! l[e/ temp]ature at :i* grapefruit & lemons w succe$8 ,! grapefruit tree is ab\t z h>dy z ! orange2 ! lemon is mu* m t5d]4 ,! fruit ( citrus trees w be injur$ by temp]ature at ! ord9>y freez+ po9t if cont9u$ = "s little "t1 & ! tree itself is likely to be injur$ by a temp]ature ( #be or #bg if cont9u$ = a few h\rs4 ,! matt] ( duration ( a l[ temp]ature is p]haps q z important z ! degree :i* is actually rea*$ by ! !rmomet]4 ,! condition ( ! tree z to be+ dormant or active also affects injury by freez+ temp]atures4 ,"u c]ta9 conditions an orange tree may survive a temp]ature ( #ae ,fahr5heit4 ,roots = ,fruit ,trees4 ,i wi% to bud f c]ta9 trees t nurs]ies probably d n c>ry1 z !y came f a se$l+4 ,is !re m ?an "o v>iety ( myrobalan us$1 & if s1 is "o z good z ano!r8 ,if ,i take spr\ts t come up :]e ! roots h be5 cut1 w !y make good trees8 ,i h tri$ a few1 n[ ?ree ye>s old1 & ! trees are do+ nicely s f>1 b ! roots spr\t up :]e cut4 ,i am in=m$ t if ,i c raise !m f slips !y w n spr\t up f ! root4 ,w apricots & pea*es graft$ or budd$ on myrobalan produce fruit z l>ge z !y w if graft$ on _! own /ock8 ,exp]i5ce seems to be cle> t f spr\ts y w get spr\ts4 ,we pref] root$ cutt+s to spr\ts1 b ev5 ^! are ab&on$ = se$l+ roots ( ! common decidu\s fruits & ( citrus fruits also4 ,! apricot does well en\gh on ! myrobalan if ! soil ne$s t root2 !y are usually l>g] on ! pea* root or on apricot se$l+s4 ,! pea* is no long] work$ on ! myrobalan 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,"o se$l+ ( ! *]ry plum is ab\t z good a myrobalan z ano!r4 ,:at ,w ! ,suck] ,be8 ,i h a ,japanese plum tree :i* be>s *oice plums4 ,?ree ye>s ago a /rong "y %oot came up f ! root ( x1 :i* ,i dug out & plant$4 ,w x make a be>+ tree 9 "t & be ( l quality ) ! p>5t8 ,x w c]ta9ly be> some?+ :5 x gets ready4 ,:e!r x w be l ! p>5t tree dep5ds ^u ! wood f :i* ! suck] broke out4 ,if ! "y tree 0 budd$ v l[1 or if x 0 plant$ l[1 or if ! gr\nd has be5 %ift$ s z to br+ ! wood above ! bud 9 a place to root a suck]1 ! fruit w be t ( ! p>5t tree4 ,if ! %oot came f ! root bel[ ! bud1 y w get a duplication ( :atev] /ock ! plum 0 budd$ on 9 ! nurs]y4 ,x might be a pea* or an almond or a *]ry plum4 ,( c\rse y c /udy ! foliage & wood gr[? ( ! suck]1 & ?us get an idea ( :at y may expect4 ,tree ,plant+ on ,coa/ ,s&s4 ,i wi% to plant fruit trees on a s&y mesa well protect$ f w9ds ab\t a mile f ! coa/4 ,! soil is a light s&y loam4 ,i int5d to dig ! holes = ! trees ?is fall1 ea* hole ! %ape ( an inv]t$ cone1 ab\t #d feet deep & #e feet across1 & put a half-load ( rott5 /able manure 9 ea* hole ?is fall4 ,! w9t]'s ra9s w\ld wa% a l>ge am\nt ( plant food f ?is manure into ! gr\nd4 ,9 ,m>* ,i propose to plant ! trees1 %ovel+ ! surr\nd+ soil on top ( ! manure & giv+ a copi\s wat]+ to ensure ! compact settl+ ( ! soil ab\t & bel[ ! roots4 ,! roots w\ld be ab\t a foot above ! manure4 ,on su* a light s&y soil y c use /able manure m safely ?an y c\ld else:]e1 provid+ y h wat] h&y to use if y %\ld happ5 to get too mu* co>se matt] "u ! tree1 :i* w\ld cause dry+ out ( ! soil4 ,if y d get pl5ty ( wat] to gu>d aga9/ ?is dang]1 y are likely to use too mu* & cause ! trees to gr[ too fa/4 ,be v sure ! manure is well rott$ & use "o load to t5 holes in/ead ( two4 ,:e!r y kill ! trees or cause !m to gr[ aright dep5ds ^u h[ y use wat] aft] plant+4 ,a ,wrong ,idea ( ,int]-,plant+4 ,:at =age plant c ,i gr[ 9 a newly plant$ or*>d8 ,! soil is on a g5tly incl9$ hillside - r$1 decompos$ rock1 v deep1 mell[1 fluffy1 & light1 & deep d[n is clayi% 9 "*4 ,x _c be irrigat$1 !re=e ,i wi% to put out a dr\ght-resi/+ plant :i* c\ld be h>ve/$1 say1 9 ,june or ,july1 or ev5 lat]4 ,i f9d ! foll[+ plants1 b ,i _c decide :i* "o is ! be/3 ,yell[ soja bean1 speltz1 ,egyptian corn1 ,j]usalem corn1 yell[ ,milo maize1 or "o ( ! millets4 ,:at d y ?9k8 ,d n ?9k = a mom5t ab\t plant+ any su* plant betwe5 or*>d trees :i* are to subsi/ on ra9fall )\t irrigation4 ,y\r trees w h difficulty en\gh 9 mak+ satisfactory gr[? on ra9fall1 & w\ld be prev5t$ f do+ s if !y _h to divide ! soil moi/ure ) crops plant$ betwe5 !m4 ,! light1 deep soils :i* y m5tion1 result+ f decompos$ rock1 are n ret5tive en\gh1 &1 ev5 ) ! l>ge ra9fall ( y\r region1 may require irrigation to c>ry trees ?r\gh ! latt] summ] & e>ly fall gr[?4 ,:at ,slopes = ,fruit8 ,i want to plant "s apples & b]ries4 ,"o man says plant !m on ! ea/ or s\? slope ( ! hill & !y w be ripe e>ly4 ,ano!r man says n to d t1 = :5 ! sun hits ! trees or v9es 9 ! morn+ be=e ! fro/ is (f1 x w kill all ! blossoms1 & z !y w\ld be on ! w>m side ( ! hill !y w\ld blossom e>li] & !re w be m fro/s to injure !m4 ,i am told to plant !m on ! nor? or we/ side ( ! hill1 :]e x is cold1 & !y w blossom lat] & w !re=e h less fro/s to bo!r !m1 & ! fro/ w be almo/ (f be=e ! sun hits !m 9 ! morn+4 ,fruit is gr[n on all slopes 9 our foo?ills1 dep5d+ on local conditions4 ,on ! :ole1 we %\ld *oose ! ea/ & nor? slopes r ?an ! ea/ & s\?1 because !re is less dang] ( injury f too great heat4 ,9 "s cases :at is said to y ab\t ! less dang] ( injury f fro/s on ! nor? & we/ slopes w\ld be true4 ,all ^! ?+s dep5d ^u local conditions1 because !re is s mu* diff]5ce 9 heat & fro/ & simil> slopes at diff]5t elevations & exposures4 ,!re c nev] be a g5]al rule = x 9 a ,/ate s end[$ ) v>y+ conditions z ,cali=nia is4 ,trees ,ov] ,und]fl[4 ,i h plant$ fruit trees ne> ! creek1 :]e !y d n h to be irrigat$ z ! gr\nd !re holds suffici5t moi/ure = !m1 b a neighbor tells me t on acc\nt ( ! moi/ure be+ s ne> ! surface ! trees w n be> fruit well1 al?\gh !y w gr[ & h all ! appe>ances ( heal?4 ,%all[ soil above /&+ wat] is n good = fruit trees4 ,a %all[ soil ov] mov+ wat] or und]fl[1 su* z y might expect f a creek bank1 is bett]4 ,! effect ( wat] ne> ! surface dep5ds also ^u ! "* ( ! soil1 be+ f> m dang]\s 9 ! case ( a heavy clay soil ?an 9 ! case ( a light loam1 ?r\gh :i* wat] moves m readily & does n rise s f> or s rapidly by capill>y action4 ,if ! trees are ?rifty !y w be> :5 !y atta9 a suffici5t age & /op ! riot\s gr[? :i* is *>act]i/ic ( "y trees ) abundant moi/ure4 ,if trees h too mu* wat] = _! heal?1 x w be manife/$ by ! rott+ ( _! roots1 ! dy+ ( _! bran*es1 ! cropp+ out ( mu%room fungi at ! base & o!r manife/ations ( di/ress4 ,s long z ! tree is gr[+ well1 ma9ta9s good foliage to ! tip ( ! bran*es & is o!rwise app>5tly /rong1 x may be expect$ to be> fruit 9 due "t4 ,! ,june ,drop4 ,i am s5d+ f\r pea*es :i* are fall+ (f ! trees4 ,c y tell me h[ to prev5t fall+ ( ! fruit next ye> & :at causes x8 ,x is impossible to tell f ! pea*es :i* y s5d :at caus$ _! fall+4 ,:]e fruit passes ! poll9ation /age successfully1 z ^! fruits h1 ! dropp+ is g5]ally attribut$ to "s conditions affect+ ! gr[? ( ! tree1 :i* nev] h be5 fully det]m9$4 ,x is ( su* frequ5t occurr5ce t x is call$ ! ,june drop1 & x usually takes place 9 ,may 9 ,cali=nia4 ,z ! cause is n und]/ood no rational prev5tive has be5 rea*$4 ,a g5]al treatm5t :i* consi/s 9 keep+ ! trees 9 good gr[+ condition late en\gh dur+ ! previ\s season1 t is1 by see+ to x t !y d n suff] f lack ( moi/ure :i* causes !m to close _! gr[+ season too soon be=e prep>ation = ! foll[+ ye>'s crop is made1 is probably ! be/ way to /r5g!n ! tree = its burd54 ,trees ,ov] a ,gravel ,/reak4 ,i h an apricot or*>d sev5 ye>s old4 ,mo/ ( ! l& is a fairly heavy clay ) a /rip ( gravel 9 ! middle runn+ ne>ly nor? & s\?4 ,! trees on ! clay be> good crops1 b ^? on ! gravel are usually mu* light] 9 be>+ & ?is ye> _h a v light crop4 ,c y tell me ( any?+ ,i c d to make !m be>8 ,! trees are l>ge & heal?y look+1 & gr[ big crops ( bru%4 ,we %\ld try "s wat] 9 ,july on ! gravel /reak1 hop+ to cont9ue activity 9 ! tree lat] to induce =mation ( /rong fruit = ! foll[+ ye>4 ,on ! clay loam ! soil does ?is by its sup]ior ret5tiv5ess4 ,fruit & ,ov]fl[4 ,i h #af acres ( ri* bottom-l& t ov]fl[s & is "u wat] f #bd to #dh h\rs4 ,i w\ld l to set ! gr\nd to fruit trees1 ei!r prunes1 pe>s1 apricots1 or pea*es4 ,w\ld x be safe to set !m on su* l&8 ,fruit trees w endure ov]fl[+1 provid+ ! wat] does n exclude ! air too long & provid+ ! soil is free en\gh s t ! soil does n rema9 full ( wat] aft] ! surface fl[ disappe>s4 ,if ! soil does n naturally dra9 itself & ! wat] is =c$ to escape by surface evaporation1 probably ! situation is n satisfactory = any k9d ( fruit trees4 ,ov]fl[ is m likely to be dang]\s to fruit trees dur+ ! gr[+ season ?an dur+ ! dormant season1 & yet on well-dra9$ soil ev5 a small ov]fl[ may n be injuri\s on a free soil1 if n cont9u$ too long4 ,prunes on plum root1 & pe>s w endure wet soil bett] ?an apricots or pea*es4 ,fruit ,trees & ,sunburn4 ,h[ long is x wise to leave protection ar\nd "y fruit trees set out 9 ,m>* 9 ?is hot valley8 ,! trees are do+ well1 b we c\ld n tell :5 to take away protection4 ,x is necess>y to ma9ta9 ! protection f sunburn all ?r\gh ! autumn1 = ! autumn sun is (t5 v hot1 & z ! sap fl[ less5s1 ! dang] ( burn+ is app>5tly great]4 ,! b>k also mu/ be protect$ aga9/ ! spr+ sun%9e1 ev5 be=e ! leaves appe>4 ,s long z ! sun has a *ance at ! b>k1 y mu/ protect x f sunburn4 ,replant+ 9 ,or*>d4 ,is x consid]$ a good plan to set ! tree at once 9 ! place :]e "o has di$1 or is x bett] to wait a ye> be=e replac+8 ,x is n necess>y to wait a ye> 9 mak+ a replant+4 ,get out all ! old roots y c by digg+ a l>ge hole1 fill 9 ) fre% soil1 & y\r tree w accept ! situation4 ,:ole ,roots or ,piece ,roots4 ,= comm]cial apple or*>ds :i* is pref]able1 trees graft$ on piece roots or on :ole roots8 ,on behalf ( ! piece-root trees x is claim$ !y spr\t up less ar\nd ! tree4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is claim$ !y nev] make a vigor\s tree4 ,:at is ! tru?8 ,value dep5ds r ^u :at sort ( a gr[? ! tree makes aft]w>d ?an ^u :at x />ts ^u4 ,!oretically p]haps a :ole-root tree may be demon/rat$ to be bett]2 practically1 we _c see t x becomes s necess>ily1 because we h trees plant$ at a "t :5 ! root graft on a piece 0 ! g5]al rule 9 propagation4 ,aft] all1 is x n m important to h soil conditions & culture ( su* "* t a great root c gr[ 9 ! or*>d ?an to h a :ole nurs]y conc5trat$ 9 ! root ( ! ye>l+ tree8 ,z = ! claim t a root graft on a piece-root nev] makes a vigor\s tree1 we "k t is nons5se4 ,plant+ ,decidu\s ,fruit ,trees4 ,9 ord] to ga9 "t1 ,i h ?\ght ( plant+ apples & pe>s ?is fall1 9 ! belief ,i w\ld be j t mu* ne>] a crop1 ?an ?\gh ,i wait$ until next spr+4 ,! l& is s&y loam2 no irrigation4 ,w\ld y advise fall or spr+ plant+8 ,if fall1 w\ld x be be/ to pl[ ! l& n[1 turn+ 9 ! /ubble f hay crop1 or wait until "t to plant be=e pl[+8 ,y w n be any ne>] a crop1 = next summ]'s gr[? w be ! fir/ 9 ei!r case4 ,on l& n liable to be too wet 9 w9t]1 x is1 h[ev]1 be/ to plant e>ly1 say dur+ ! mon? ( ,decemb]1 if ! gr\nd is 9 good condition & suffici5tly moi/4 ,if ! ye>'s ra9fall has be5 scant1 wait until ! l& is well wet d[n1 = x is nev] desirable to plant :5 ! soil is n 9 ! "r condition1 no matt] :at ! cal5d> may say4 ,on a s&y loam e>ly plant+ is ne>ly always safe & desirable4 ,on l&s :i* are too wet & liable to be r5d]$ v cold by ! heavy ,janu>y ra9s1 plant+ _h bett] be def]r$ until ,febru>y1 or z soon z ! gr\nd gets 9 good condition aft] ^! heavy ra9s4 ,:5ev] y plant1 x w be desirable to pl[ ! l& ei!r 9 advance ( ! ra9s1 if x is workable1 or z soon z ra9 en\gh comes to make x break up well4 ,x is v seldom desirable to po/pone pl[+ until ! actual "t ( plant+ comes4 ,budd+ ,fruit ,trees4 ,is x bett] to bud 9 old b>k ( an old tree or 9 y\ng] wood b>k8 ,h[ d y sep>ate old b>k )\t break+ x 9 lift+ ! b>k8 ,buds may be plac$ 9 old b>k ( fruit trees to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,! orange & ! olive "w bett] t way ?an d ! decidu\s trees1 al?\gh buds 9 old b>k ( ! pea* h done well4 ,!y %\ld1 h[ev]1 be ins]t$ e>ly 9 ! season :ile ! sap fl[ is active & ! old b>k capable ( lift+2 if ! b>k /icks1 d n try budd+4 ,9 spite ( ^! facts1 ne>ly all budd+ ( decidu\s trees is done 9 b>k ( ! curr5t ye>'s gr[?4 ,/>t+ ,fruit ,trees f ,se$4 ,h[ %all ,i />t1 & :51 ! foll[+ se$s3 ,pea*1 plums1 apricots1 walnuts1 olives & *]ries8 ,9 ! ,ea/ we us$ to plant !m 9 ! fall1 s z to h !m freeze2 z x does n freeze en\gh "h1 :at d ,i h to d8 ,d j ! same4 ,9 ,cali=nia1 heat & moi/ure cause ! p>t+ ( ! se$-cov]1 m sl[ly p]haps1 b j z surely z ! fro/ at ! ,ea/4 ,e>ly plant+ ( all fruit pits & nuts is desirable = two reasons4 ,fir/1 x prev5ts too great dry+ & h>d5+ & o!r *anges 9 ! se$1 because ! soil moi/ure prev5ts x2 second1 x gives pl5ty ( "t = ! op5+ & g]m9ation fir/ m5tion$4 ,b e>ly plant+ mu/ be 9 gr\nd :i* is loamy & light r ?an heavy1 because if ! soil is s heavy z to become wat]-logg$ ! k]nel is m apt to decay ?an to gr[4 ,:]e !re is dang] ( ?is1 ! se$ c be kept 9 boxes ( s&1 cont9ually moi/1 b n wet1 by use ( wat]1 & plant$ out1 z spr\t+ se$s1 aft] ! colde/ ra9s are ov]1 say 9 ,febru>y4 ,*]ry & plum se$s %\ld be kept moi/ aft] tak+ f ! fruit2 v little is usually _h f dry se$s4 ,! o!r fruits w /& consid]able dry+4 ,v few olives are f ! se$1 because ( rev]sion to wild types - also because x is s mu* easi] to get j ! v>iety y want by gr[+ trees f cutt+s4 ,mail+ ,scions4 ,:i* is ! be/ way to s5d scions by mail8 ,wax ! ends ( mature cutt+s1 remove ! leaves & enclose 9 a tight t9 cani/] ) no wet pack+ mat]ial4 ,nurs]y ,/ock 9 ,"y ,or*>d4 ,h[ w x d to raise1 = two or ?ree ye>s1 a lot ( orange se$l+s betwe5 ! r[s ( "y ?ree-ye>-old orange trees8 ,i see t a nurs]yman ne> me has done ?is1 & 8 trees are m fl\ri%+ ?an m9e4 ,x c be done all "r1 z y\r own obs]vation affirms4 ,! sup]ior appe>ance ( ! trees may be due to ! additional wat]1 & f]tiliz] probably1 us$ to pu% ! se$l+s2 possibly also to extra cultivation giv5 !m4 ,x all dep5ds ^u :at policy is obs]v$ 9 gr[+ ! se$l+s2 if some?+ m ?an usual is done = _! sakes1 ! trees may get _! %>e & manife/ x4 ,if n1 ! trees w be robb$ by ! se$l+s1 & !re is likely to be loss by bo?4 ,!re is no advantage 9 ! m]e fact t bo? are gr[n2 !re may be 9 ! way !y are gr[n4 ,:e!r !re is money value 9 ! op]ation or n dep5ds ^u h[ _m und]take x4 ,squ>e or ,triangul> ,plant+4 ,:at is y\r op9ion on triangul> plant+ z comp>$ ) squ>e plant+8 ,plant+ 9 squ>es is ! prevail+ me?od4 ,! triangul> plan is n a good "o :5 "o contemplates remov+ trees plant$ z fill]s4 ,! or*>d %\ld ei!r be plann$ 9 ! squ>e or qu9cunx =m4 ,9 ! latt] case individual trees c be easily remov$2 9 ! o!r case r[s c be remov$ - leav+ ! r[s :i* y wi% to keep equidi/ant f ea* o!r4 ,kill+ ,/umps by ,m$ication4 ,w bor+ into gre5 /umps & ins]t+ a h&ful ( saltpet] kill ! roots & cause ! /ump to readily burn up a few mon?s lat]8 ,we h tri$ all k9ds ( prescriptions & h nev] kill$ a /ump :i* _h a m9d to live4 ,_m trees c be kill$ by cutt+ to /umps :5 9 full gr[?1 :e!r !y are bor$ or n4 ,o!rs w spr\t 9 spite ( all m$ic9al ins]tions we "k ( :5 ^! are plac$ 9 ! inn] wood ( ! /ump4 ,we believe a /ump c be kill$ by suffici5t contact ) ! inn] b>k lay] ( ars5ic1 blue/one1 gasol9e1 & _m o!r ?+s1 b x is n easy to arrange = su* suffici5t contact1 & x w\ld probably co/ m ?an x w\ld to bl[ or pull out ! /ump4 ,"o read]1 h[ev]1 assures u t he has kill$ l>ge eucalyptus /umps by bor+ ?ree holes 9 ! /ump ) an in* aug]1 ne> ! out] rim ( ! /ump1 plac+ !re9 a tablespoonful ( potassium cyanide & saltpet] mixture 7half & half71 & plugg+ tightly4 ,ano!r says3 ,give ! /umps a lib]al application ( salt1 say a half-in* all ov] ! top1 & let ! fog & ra9 dissolve & soak d[n1 & y w n h mu* tr\ble ) suck]s4 ,plant+ ,fruit ,trees on ,cle>+s4 ,we wi% to plant or*>d trees on l& cle>$ ?is w9t]3 manzanita & *ap>ral1 b also "s oaks & l>ge p9es & groves ( small p9es4 ,we h be5 told t trees plant$ "u su* conditions1 ! gr\nd conta9+ ! _m small roots t we _c get out1 w\ld n d well4 ,are ! bad effects ( ! small roots liable to be s]i\s2 also1 w\ld lime or any o!r common f]tiliz] c\nt]act ! bad effects8 ,proce$ ) ! plant+1 z y are ready = x1 & take ! *ances ( root injury4 ,x may be slight2 possibly ev5 abs5t4 ,c>efully ?r[ out all root pieces1 z y dig ! hole1 & exclude !m f ! e>? :i* y use 9 fill+ ar\nd ! roots1 & 9 ! places :]e l>ge trees /ood1 fill ! holes ) soil f a di/ance4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u h[ clean ! cle>+ 04 ,no consid]able antiseptic effect c\ld be expect$ f lime & ! soil ought to be /rong en\gh to gr[ good "y trees )\t enri*m5t4 ,! pe>1 fig & ,cali=nia black walnut are "s ( ! mo/ resi/ant among fruit-be>+ trees1 & ^! may usually be plant$ ) safety4 ,! *]ry is ! mo/ resi/ant ( ! /one fruits4 ,! toad/ool disease occasionally affects "y apple trees rec5tly set out1 b x is n usually s]i\s on e/abli%$ trees4 ,dipp+ ,roots ( ,fruit ,trees4 ,9 plant+ an almond or*>d w\ld x be ( any b5efit to dip ! "y trees 9 a solution ( blue/one & lime dissolv$8 ,we d\bt if x w\ld s]ve any good purpose4 ,if done at all ! dip %\ld be c>efully prep>$ 9 accordance ) ! =mula = bordeaux mixture1 = excess ( blue/one w kill roots4 ,heal?y trees d n ne$ su* treatm5t1 & we d\bt if unheal?y ones c be r5d]$ safe or desirable by x4 ,prep>+ = ,fruit ,plant+4 ,:at effect w a crop ( :eat h on new cle>$ l&1 to be plant$ 9 fruit trees lat] on8 ,"o crop ( :eat or b>ley w make no p>ticul> diff]5ce ) ! cle>$ l& :i* y expect to plant to fruit lat]4 ,x w\ld be bett] to gr[ a cultivat$ crop l corn1 potatoes1 beets1 squa%es1 etc41 because ?is crop w\ld require summ] cultivation :i* w\ld kill out _m we$s or spr\ts & leave y\r l& 9 bett] %ape = plant+4 ,dep? 9 ,plant+ ,fruit ,trees4 ,i h be5 advis$ to plant ! bud sc> above gr\nd 9 a wet c\ntry4 ,is t "r8 ,on ord9>y good loam1 plant ! tree s t x w /& ab\t ! same z x did 9 ! nurs]y3 a little l[]1 p]haps1 b n mu*4 ,! bud sc> %\ld be a little above ! surface4 ,x is some:at less likely to give tr\ble by decay 9 ! upset tissue4 ,if ! soil is heavy & wet1 plant high]1 p]haps1 ?an ! nurs]y soil-m>k1 b n mu*4 ,9 light1 s&y soil1 plant l[] - ev5 f f\r to six in*es l[] - ?an 9 ! nurs]y sometimes4 ,9 ?is case ! budsc> is bel[ ! surface1 b t does n matt] 9 a light1 dry soil :i* does n reta9 moi/ure ne> ! surface4 ,fruit ,trees 9 a ,wet ,place4 ,"o "p ( my or*>d is l[ & wet1 mu* scale & old trees loose4 ,w mu* spray+ be a cure & c ,i use po/s to hold ! old trees firm1 or w\ld y take out & put 9 ,b>tlett pe>s6 ,spray+ w\ld kill ! scale b no spray+ w make a tree satisfactory 9 inhospitable soil4 ,z pe>s w endure wet places bett] ?an apples1 x w\ld seem to be wise to make ! sub/itution1 provid+ ! situation is n too bad = any fruit tree4 ,9 t case y c use x = a summ] vegetable pat*4 ,cutt+ ,back at ,plant+4 ,i h plant$ a lot ( "o-ye>-old *]ry trees & w\ld l to "k if ,i %\ld cut !m d[n ! same z ! apple tree8 ,i h also plant$ a lot ( walnut trees4 ,%all ,i cut !m (f8 ,yes = ! *]ries & no = ! walnuts - al?\gh we h to admit t "s plant]s hold = cutt+ back ! walnuts also4 ,if y d cut back ! walnuts1 let !m h ab\t twice ! height ( /em y give ! *]ries & cov] ! expos$ pi? ) wax or pa9t4 ,bran*+ ,"y ,fruit ,trees4 ,x is ! practice 9 ?is locality to wrap all "y trees to a po9t #bd in*es above ! bud1 = ! purpose ( protection aga9/ rabbits1 to protect ! b>k f ! sun & to prev5t gr[? ( spr\ts4 ,^! wrapp+s are kept on indef9itely1 ! rule be+ t no spr\t+ is to be p]mitt$ bel[ ! #bd-;in* murk4 ,is !re any virtue 9 ?is1 & :y is x done8 ,! wrapp+ is desirable bo? to protect !m f rabbits & f sunburn1 & ei!r ?is or :itewa% or "s o!r =m ( protection %\ld c]ta9ly be employ$ aga9/ ! latt] tr\ble4 ,x is n desirable to h all ! bran*es em]ge at ! same po9t1 ei!r #bd f ! gr\nd or at "s l[] level1 z is pref]able 9 int]ior situations1 b bran*es %\ld be di/ribut$ up & d[n & ar\nd ! trunk s z to give a /rong1 well-balanc$1 l[-head$ tree4 ,s f> z wrapp+ int]f]es ) ! gr[? ( %oots 9 ?is mann] x is undesirable4 ,coal ,t> & ,asphaltum on ,trees4 ,:at is ! effect ( coal t> or asphaltum appli$ to ! b>k ( trees8 ,! application ( coal t> to prev5t ! root bor]s ( ! prune :i* op]ate ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd 0 f\nd to be n injuri\s to ! trees1 al?\gh !re 0 great appreh5sion t !re w\ld be4 ,! application ( asphaltum1 :at is kn[n z grade ,d1 has be5 also us$ to "s ext5t 9 ! ,santa ,cl>a valley )\t injury4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! use ( any black mat]ial1 y increase ! dang] ( sunburn1 if appli$ to b>k :i* is rea*$ by ! sun's rays4 ,:itewa%+ ,fruit ,trees4 ,:5 is ! prop] "t to :itewa% walnut trees to prev5t sun scald8 ,h[ high up is x advisable to apply ! wa%8 ,:itewa% aft] heavy ra9s are ov] & be=e ! sun gets v hot2 ne> ! coa/ see t x is on e>ly 9 ,april2 9 ! int]ior x %\ld be 9 place 9 ,m>*4 ,d n wait until all ! ra9s are ov]1 because !re is a great *ance ( b>k-burn+ betwe5 ra9s 9 ! spr+4 ,:itewa% ! trunk & ! l>g] limbs - :]ev] ! sun c rea* ! b>k2 be+ c>eful to keep ! surface :ite :]e ! #b o'clock sun hits x4 ,be p>ticul> to :itewa%1 or o!rwise protect by protectors or burlap wrapp+s1 all "y trees2 ! "y tree is m apt to be hurt ?an an old "o1 b b>k seems nev] to get too old to burn if ! sun is hot en\gh4 ,%ap+ a ,"y ,tree4 ,9 %ort5+ back long1 slim limbs ! side %oots come out1 & "o soon has a lot ( ugly1 crook$ limbs to look at4 ,!re are a numb] ( or*>ds "h be+ spoil$ 9 t way4 ,h[ is ?is avoid$8 ,y _c secure a l[-head+1 well-%ap$ tree )\t cutt+ back ! bran*es4 ,aft]w>d y c improve ! =m by select+ %oots :i* are go+ 9 directions :i* y pref]1 or y c cut back ! %oots aft]w>d to a bud :i* w />t 9 ! direction :i* y desire4 ,9 ?is way ! progressive %ap+ ( ! tree mu/ be pursu$4 ,if y only h a few trees & c af=d ! "t1 y c1 ( c\rse1 b5d & tie ! bran*es z !y gr[1 s t !y w take directions :i* seem to y bett]1 b ?is is n practicable 9 or*>d+ on a comm]cial scale4 ,!re is no disadvantage 9 crook$ bran*es 9 a fruit tree1 b !y %\ld crook 9 desirable directions1 & t is :]e ! art 9 prun+ comes 94 ,prun+ ,times4 ,:at is ! be/ "t to prune ! ,fr5* prune & mo/ o!r trees8 ,9 ,santa ,cl>a volley !y prune z soon z leaves are (f2 9 ! m\nta9s !y prune lat]1 say 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 & f9i% aft] bloom is />t$ & ( c\rse :5 sap is up4 ,:i* is "r8 ,y c prune ,fr5* prunes & o!r decidu\s trees at any "t dur+ ! w9t] t is mo/ conv5i5t to y4 ,x does n make any p>ticul> diff]5ce to ! tree1 nor does x injure ! tree at all if y %\ld cont9ue prun+ aft] ! bloom has />t$4 ,9 fact1 x is bett] to make l>ge cuts late 9 ! w9t]1 because !y heal ov] m readily at ! beg9n+ ( ! gr[+ p]iod ?an at ! beg9n+ ( ! re/+ season4 ,x is believ$ t e>ly prun+ may cause ! tree or v9e to />t gr[? some:at soon] & ?is may be undesirable 9 v fro/y places4 ,graft+ ,wax4 ,h[ %all ,i make graft+ wax = graft+ fruit trees8 ,!re are _m favorite prescriptions = graft+ wax4 ,"o :i* is n[ be+ l>gely us$ 9 fruit tree graft+ is z foll[s3 ,res91 #e lbs42 beeswax1 #a lb42 l9se$ oil1 #a p9t2 fl\r1 #a p9t4 ,! fl\r is add$ sl[ly & /irr$ 9 aft] ! o!r +r$i5ts h be5 boil$ toge!r & ! liquid becomes some:at cool]4 ,"s sub/itute lampblack = fl\r4 ,?is wax is w>m$ & appli$ z a liquid4 ,pl[+ 9 ,"y ,or*>d4 ,h[ ne> c ,i pl[ to two-ye>-old orange trees safely8 ,y c pl[ "y orange or*>ds z close to ! trees z y c approa* )\t injur+ ! b>k1 regulat+ dep? s z n to de/roy ma9 roots4 ,de/ruction ( root fib]s :i* h approa*$ too ne> ! surface is n mat]ial4 ,x is v desirable t ! soil ar\nd & ne> ! tree be z c>efully work$ z possible )\t injury to ! b>k ( ! tree4 ,h[ f> t c be done by horse "w & h[ mu* mu/ be done by h& mu/ be decid$ by ! individual judgm5t ( ! gr[]4 ,crops ,betwe5 ,fruit ,trees4 ,:at w\ld be be/ to gr[ betwe5 fruit trees1 :ile ! trees are gr[+1 & :at to alt]nate ea* season1 s z n to use up ! soil )\t putt+ back into x8 ,:]e "o is br++ along a "y or*>d1 )\t irrigation1 x is d\btful :e!r x is n bett] policy to give ! trees all ! advantage ( clean cultivation & ample moi/ure ?an to und]take int]cropp+4 ,if y live on ! place & wi% to gr[ vegetables betwe5 ! r[s1 ! ?or\gh cultivation to br+ ! vegetables along satisfactorily w\ld help to pres]ve moi/ure en\gh bo? = ! vegetables & = ! trees1 b ?is is v diff]5t f gr[+ a field crop by ord9>y me?ods ( cultivation4 ,select a crop :i* w require summ] cultivation1 l corn1 potatoes1 squa%es1 & beans1 & nev] a hay or gra9 crop :i* takes up moi/ure )\t work+ ! soil = ! great] moi/ure conv]sation :i* ho$ crops require4 ,9 *oice ( ho$ crops be gov]n$ by :at y c use to advantage1 ei!r = h\se or ! fe$+ ( animals1 or :at y c gr[ t is salable ) lea/ loss ( moi/ure 9 ! soil4 ,! *oice is gov]n$ entirely by local conditions1 except t legum9\s plants - peas1 beans1 vet*es1 clov]s1 etc4 - d take nitrog5 f ! atmosph]e & c ?us be gr[n ) lea/ injury & sometimes ) a positive b5efit to ! f]tility ( ! soil4 ,regul> ,be>+ ( ,fruit ,trees4 ,h[ c trees be induc$ to be> regul>ly in/ead ( be>+ excessively on alt]nate ye>s8 ,! mo/ rational view is t 9 ord] to be> regul>ly ! tree mu/ be prev5t$ f ov]be>+ by ?9n+ ( ! fruit2 also t ! moi/ure & plant-food supply mu/ be regul>ly ma9ta9$1 s t ! tree may "w along regul>ly & n /op be>+ "o ye> 9 ord] to accumulate vigor = a foll[+ ye>'s crop4 ,!re is "s reason to believe t "s trees :i* seem to ov]be> e ye> c be prolong$ 9 _! pr(itable life & made to produce a mod]ate am\nt ( fruit ( l>ge size & high] value by %>p ?9n+ to prev5t ov]be>+ at any "t4 ,?is is f\nd cle>ly practicable 9 ! cases ( ! apricot1 pea*1 pe>1 apple1 table grape1 %ipp+ plum1 etc41 because ! add$ value ( l>g] fruits is great] ?an ! co/ ( remov+ ! surplus4 ,scions f ,"y ,trees4 ,i h b\ght "s "o-ye>-old apple trees t are c]tifi$ p$igree trees4 ,w\ld x be practical to take ! tops ( ^! trees & graft on "o-ye> se$l+s & get ! same results z f ! trees ,i b\ght8 ,w !y be> j z good1 or is x necess>y to take ! scions f old be>+ trees8 ,!y w be> exactly ! same fruit z ! "y trees w1 b y _c tell h[ good t w be until y get ! fruit4 ,! advantage ( scions f be>+ trees is t y "k exactly :at y w get1 =1 presumably1 y h se5 & approv$ x4 ,late ,prun+4 ,w ,i d injury to my pea* trees if ,i delay prun+ until ! la/ ( ,febru>y1 or until ! sap beg9s to run & ! buds to swell8 ,x w n d any p>ticul> h>m to let y\r pea* prun+ g until ! buds swell or ev5 aft] ! leaves appe>4 ,late prun+ is n injuri\s1 b r m inconv5i5t4 ,avoid+ ,crot*es 9 ,fruit ,trees4 ,h[ c ,i avoid bad crot*es 9 fruit trees8 ,crot*es1 :i* means bran*es ( equal or ne>ly equal size1 em]g+ f a po9t at a v acute angle1 %\ld be prev5t$ by cutt+ out "o or bo? ( !m4 ,! bran*+ ( a lat]al at a l>g] angle does n =m a crot* & x usually buttresses itself well on ! l>g] bran*4 ,t is a desirable =m ( bran*+4 ,%ort di/ances betwe5 su* bran*+s is desirable1 because x makes a /rong] & m p]man5tly upright limb1 capable ( su/a9+ mu* weight ( foliage & fruit4 ,build up ! "y tree by %ort5+ 9 z x gr[s1 s z to get su* a /rong framework4 ,crot*-,splitt+ ( ,fruit ,trees4 ,i h a "y fig tree t is splitt+ at ! crot*es4 ,i fe> t :5 ! foliage appe>s1 ) ! =ce ( ! w9ds ! limbs w split d[n entirely4 ,p]haps y h be5 =c+ ! trees too mu* ) wat] & ?us secur$ too mu* foliage & weak wood4 ,:5ev] a tree is do+ t1 ! limbs ought to be support$ ) bale rope ti$ to opposite limbs ?r\gh ! head1 or o!rwise held up1 to prev5t splitt+4 ,if splitt+ has actually occurr$1 ! weak] limb %\ld be cut away & ! o!r /ak$ if necess>y until x gets /r5g? & /iff5s4 ,if ! limbs are r l>ge !y c be drawn up & a #c_/af in* c>riage bolt put ?r\gh to hold bo? 9 place2 b ?is is a poor way to make a /rong tree4 ,we %\ld cut out all splits & d ! be/ we c\ld to make a tree out ( :at is left4 ,!n d n make !m gr[ s fa/4 ,/r5g!n+ ,fruit ,trees4 ,i h read t "s trees are propp$ by natural braces2 t is1 by int]-tw9+ two opposite bran*es :ile ! tree is "y1 s t 9 "t !y gr[ toge!r4 ,:at is y\r idea reg>d+ ! practicability ( su* an idea 9 a l>ge comm]cial or*>d8 ,tw9+ bran*es = ! purpose indicat$ is frequ5tly comm5d$1 b x seems be/ = ! use ( +5i\s p ) pl5ty ( "t & n _m trees4 ,to prune trees to c>ry _! fruit s f> z "o c =esee1 & to use props or o!r supports :5 a tree manife/s ne$ ( a p>ticul> help :i* 0 n =ese5 is ! mo/ rational way to h&le ! proposition on a l>ge comm]cial scale4 ,"t = ,prun+4 ,:at is ! prop] "t = prun+ pe> & apricot trees8 ,ord9>y decidu\s fruit trees c be successfully prun$ f ! "t ! leaves beg9 to turn yell[ & fall1 until ! new foliage is appe>+ 9 ! late w9t] or spr+4 ,grape ,plant+4 ,:at is ! prop] "t = plant+ grape v9es8 ,grape v9es are mo/ successfully plant$ aft] ! heavy ra9s & l[ temp]atures are ov] & be=e ! gr[? />ts3 ,?is w usually be :5ev] ! soil is 9 good condition1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,cov]+ ,tree ,w\nds4 ,:at is ! be/ /uff to use on w\nds & l>ge cuts on my fruit trees8 ,i h us$ graft+ wax1 b x is exp5sive & n altoge!r satisfactory4 ,amputation w\nds on trees c be m successfully treat$ ) lead & oil pa9t ?an ) graft+ wax4 ,mix$ pa9t conta9+ b5z9e w\ld n be s good z pure lead & oil mix$ = ! purpose & !n c>efully appli$ z to am\nt s z n to run4 ,asphaltum ,grade ,d may also be us$ 9 ! same way4 ,cov]+ ,sunburn$ ,b>k4 ,w\ld asphaltum d to use an sunburn$ b>k8 ,ow+ to ! attraction ( ! heat by ! black color1 asphaltum w\ld increase ! injury by absorption ( m heat4 ,"s :ite coat+ is altoge!r be/ = sunburn injuries1 because x w reflect & n absorb heat1 & a durable :itewa% appli$ z may be ne$$ to keep ! :ite cov]+ intact is und\bt$ly ! be/ treatm5t4 ,:]e ! b>k has be5 actually remov$1 :ite pa9t w\ld be sup]ior to :itewa% to keep ! wood f *eck+ :ile ! w\nd 0 be+ cov]$ lat]ally by ! gr[? ( new b>k4 ,too ,mu* ,prun+4 ,same pea* trees ent]+ ! ?ird ye> 7 prun$ e>ly 9 ! w9t] v sev]ely4 ,! prun] m]ely left ! trunk & ! ?ree or f\r ma9 lat]als1 ! latt] ab\t "o foot 9 l5g?4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ^! trees h n spr\t$ z yet1 ?\gh ald] & bett] prun$ trees are all spr\t$ 9 ! same vic9ity4 ,! b>k is gre5 & has consid]able sap4 ,w ! trees comm5ce to gr[8 ,! trees w spr\t lat]1 aft] !y h develop$ lat5t buds into active =m4 ,! prun+ probably remov$ all ! buds ( rec5t gr[?4 ,aft] />t+ !y w make irregul> gr[?1 />t+ too _m %oots 9 ! wrong places1 etc41 & consid]able ef=t w be necess>y to get well-%ap$ trees by selection ( %oots 9 ! "r places & ?9n+ out ^? :i* are n desirable4 ,= ,brok5 ,roots4 ,:5 ! root ( an orange or o!r fruit tree is expos$ or brakes by ! cultivator1 :at is ! be/ way to treat t root8 ,:]e a root is actually brok5 x is be/ to cut x (f cleanly above ! break4 ,?is w induce quick heal+ ov] & ! s5d+ out ( o!r roots4 ,:]e !re is only a bruise on "o side1 all ! fray$ edges ( ! w\nd %\ld be cleanly cut back to s\nd b>k1 :i* w h a t5d5cy to promote heal+ & prev5t decay4 ,prun+ 9 ,fro/y ,places4 ,?is appe>s to be a fro/y section4 ,prun]s are at "w cont9u\sly f ! "t ! apricots are h>ve/$ until spr+ arrives4 ,f :at is said 9 ,cali=nia ,fruits8 ,i judge late w9t] prun+ w\ld be be/ f> apricots & pea*es4 ,am ,i correct8 ,9 fro/y places x is (t5 desirable to prune r late1 because ! late-prun$ tree usually />ts lat] ?an ! e>ly prun$1 & ?us may n bloom until aft] fro/ is ov]4 ,l[ ,gr[? on ,fruit ,trees4 ,%\ld ! little twigs an ! l[] p>ts ( "y fruit trees be remov$ or %ort5$8 ,an important function :i* ^! small %oots & ! foliage :i* !y w c>ry p]=m is 9 ! ?ick5+ ( ! l>g] bran*es to :i* !y are atta*$ & ov]com+ ! t5d5cy ( ! tree to become too tall & sp9dl+4 ,?is c be done at any "t1 ev5 to ! p9*+ ( "y1 s(t %oots z !y appe>4 ,x mu/ be said1 h[ev]1 t 9 ord9>y comm]cial fruit gr[+ little att5tion is paid to ^! f9e po9ts1 :i* are ! great enjoym5t ( ! ,european fruit-g>d5]s & are ( que/ionable value 9 our /&>d or*>d+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a great mi/ake to cle> away all l[ twigs1 = su* twigs br+ ! fir/ fruit on "y trees4 ,are ,tap-,roots ,ess5tial8 ,is x bett] to plant a nut or se$ or to plant a graft$ root2 also is x bett] to all[ ! tap-root to rema9 or n 9 ev5t ( plant+ a graft$ root8 ,x does n matt] at all :e!r ! tree has its orig9al tap-root or n4 ,all tap-roots are m or less de/roy$ 9 transplant+ & ! fact t n "o p] c5t ( ! walnut trees n[ be>+ crops 9 ,cali=nia consi/ ( trees gr[n f ! nut itself plant$ 9 place1 is suffici5t demon/ration to u t x is p]fectly practicable to proce$ ) transplant+ ! trees4 ,x is m important t ! tree %\ld h ! "r sort ( soil & ! "r degree ( moi/ure to gr[ 9 ?an t x %\ld reta9 ! root f :i* ! se$l+ />t$4 ,! removal ( ! tap-root does n prev5t ! tree f s5d+ out "o or sev]al deep runn+ roots :i* w p5etrate z deeply z ! soil & moi/ure conditions favor4 ,?is is true n only ( ! walnut b ( o!r fruit trees4 ,transplant+ ,old ,trees4 ,c ,i transplant fruit trees #b to #c in*es ?r\gh ! butt1 ab\t "o foot f ! gr\nd8 ,v>ieties are oranges1 lemons1 pe>s1 apples & ,engli% walnuts ne>ly #d in*es ?r\gh ! butt4 ,i wi% to move !m ne>ly a mile4 ,:at is ! be/ way & :at ! be/ mon? to d ! "w1 or are trees too l>ge to d well if mov$8 ,! orange & lemon w d bett] 9 transplant+ ?an ! o!rs4 ,take up ! trees :5 ! soil becomes w>m$ by ! sun aft] ! colde/ wea!r is ov]4 ,?is may be 9 ,febru>y4 ,cut back ! bran*es sev]ely & take up ! trees ) a good ball ( e>?1 us+ suitable lift+ tackle to h&le x )\t break+4 ,settle ! e>? ar\nd ! ball 9 ! new place ) wat]1 & keep ! soil amply moi/ b n wet4 ,:itewa% all b>k expos$ to ! sun by cutt+ back4 ,y c h&le ! walnut ! same way1 b x w\ld1 h[ev]1 probably get su* a setback t x might be bett] to buy a new tree two or ?ree ye>s old & plant t4 ,! apples & pe>s we w\ld n try to transplant1 b w\ld r h good new ye>l+s ?an try to coax !m along4 ,transplant+ decidu\s trees %\ld be done e>li] 9 ! w9t] ?an ev]gre5s4 ,dw>f+ a ,fruit ,tree4 ,i am told t by prun+ ! roots ( a "y tree aft] ! root sy/em is well />t$ 7say ?ree ye>s old7 t z a result ?is w produce a tree t is semi-dw>f$ or practically a dw>f$ fruit tree4 ,yes2 cutt+ back ! roots 9 ! w9t] & cutt+ back ! new gr[? 9 ! summ] w h a dw>f+ effect4 ,! be/ way to get a dw>f$ g>d5 tree is to use a dw>f+ root4 ,y c get trees on su* roots at ! nurs]ies4 ,se$l+ ,fruits4 ,i h be5 gr[+ se$l+s f ! pits ( "s extra f9e pea*es & plums ) a view to plant+ !m4 ,a man ne> ,san ,jose advis$ me t ,i w\ld get good results1 b s9ce !n ,i h met o!rs :o say t ! fruit trees t spr+ f plant$ se$s yield only poor fruit4 ,x is ! t5d5cy ( ne>ly all improv$ fruit to rev]t to wild types1 m or less1 :5 gr[n f ! se$4 ,! *ances are1 !n1 t n9e-t5?s or m ( ! se$l+s :i* y grew = fruit+ might be wor?less4 ,a few might be z good z ! fruit f :i* y took ! pits2 possibly "o might he bett]4 ,= ^! reasons ! gr[+ ( fruit trees f pits & se$s is only us$ = ! purpose ( gett+ a root f :i* a *os5 v>iety may be gott5 by budd+ & graft+4 ,graft+4 ,i did a little graft+ la/ spr+1 & z x 0 my fir/ attempt1 ab\t t5 p] c5t ( ! scions fail$ to gr[4 ,n[ %all ,i saw ! /ub (f l[] d[n & try aga91 or bud into "o ( ! spr\ts t h gr[n ar\nd ! cut end8 ,! trees are pe> & *]ry4 ,y did v well z a beg9n] n to lose m ?an "o-t5?4 ,saw (f bel[ & graft aga94 ,y might h budd$ into "o ( ^? %oots la/ ,july1 & if y fail aga91 bud into ! new %oots next summ]4 ,fill+ ,holes 9 ,trees4 ,i h a numb] ( trees t1 on acc\nt ( poor prun+ & improp] c>e1 are decay+ 9 ! c5t]4 ,_m ( !m are holl[ = a foot or m d[n ! trunk4 ,excavate all ! decay$ wood ) a *isel or g\ge or :atev] cutt+ tool may "w well & fill ! cavity ) ,portl& cem5t 9 su* a way z to exclude moi/ure4 ,?is w prolong ! life & productiv5ess ( ! trees = _m ye>s if o!r conditions are favorable4 ,def]r+ ,bloom ( ,fruit ,trees4 ,h any exp]im5ts ev] be5 c>ri$ on def9itely to decide :at causes e>ly blossom+ ( fruit trees8 ,= in/ance1 h adjac5t trees ( ! same v>iety be5 treat$ def9itely by putt+ a heavy mul* ar\nd "o to hold ! cold temp]ature late 9 ! spr+1 leav+ ! o!r tree unmul*$ s ! roots c\ld w>m up8 ,x has be5 def9itely det]m9$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,pr(essor ,:idd5 ( ! ,miss\ri ,exp]im5t ,/ation t ! swell+ ( ! buds & />t+ ( ! foliage ( fruit trees is due to ! action ( heat ^u ! a]ial p>ts ( ! trees2 t is1 gr[? is n caus$ by increas+ ! temp]ature ( ! gr\nd & _c be ret>d$ by cool+ ! gr\nd4 ,exp]im5ts ) ! use ( sn[ & ice "u trees by :i* ! gr\nd has be5 kept at a l[ temp]ature h n prev5t$ ! activity ( ! tree4 ,! only way kn[n to ret>d activity is to spray ! tree ) :itewa% s t ! :ite color may reflect ! heat & prev5t ! absorption ( x by ! b>k1 :i* is usually ( a d>k color & !re=e suit$ to heat absorption4 ,ret>d+ ( gr[? is possible 9 ?is way = a p]iod ( six to t5 days1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 9 "s cases might be ( value1 b ! l5g!n$ dormancy is probably too small to con/itute x ( g5]al value4 ,9 :itewa%+1 to det]m9e :at advantage !re is 9 x 9 ret>d+ gr[?1 ! tree %\ld be ?or\ghly spray$ ) :itewa% s z to cov] all ! wood "s "t be=e ! buds swell4 ,9 fact1 x is to prev5t ! e>ly swell+ ( ! buds t ! :itewa%+ is resort$ to4 ,x is bett] to make ! application1 !re=e1 a little too e>ly ?an too late4 ,a specific date _c be giv5 = x t w\ld be "r 9 all localities4 ,repair+ ,rabbit ,injuries4 ,y\r book says 9 ,prun+ "y trees = ! fir/ "t1 ab\t f\r ma9 bran*es %\ld be left & ^! cut back to #aj or #ab in*es4 ,n[1 :]e ! rabbits h prun$ back to #d or #e in*es ! v ones ,i want$1 :at %\ld be done8 ,"s say1 cut ^! back to ! /em1 all[+ new %oots to />t f ! base ( bran*es s remov$4 ,cut back to a bud ne> ! /em1 or if y d n see any1 cut back ne> to ! /em1 b n ne> en\gh to remove ! b>k at ! base ( ! %oot1 = !re are ! lat5t buds :i* %\ld give y ! gr[?4 ,?is %\ld be wat*$1 & ! be/ %oot select$ f ea* po9t to make a /rong bran*1 p9*+ back or remov+ ! o!rs4 ,= a ,b>k ,w\nd4 ,:at is be/ to d ) an apricot or prune tree :5 x has be5 hit ) an implem5t & ! b>k knock$ (f8 ,cut ar\nd ! b>k w\nd ) a %>p knife s z to remove all fray$ edges4 ,cov] ! expos$ wood ) oil & lead pa9t to prev5t crack+1 & ! w\nd w soon be cov]$ ) new b>k f ! sides4 ,bridg+ ,goph] ,girdles4 ,h[ %all ,i make ! bridge-graft or root-graft ov] ! trunks ( trees girdl$ by goph]s8 ,has ?is me?od prov$ successful 9 sav+ trees ?ree or f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 & h[ is x done8 ,! bridg+ ov] ( injury by mice by graft+ has be5 kn[n to be successful = decades 9 c\ntries :]e ?is tr\ble is enc\nt]$4 ,und\bt$ly ! same plan w\ld "w 9 ! case ( all b>k injuries :i* c be bridg$4 ,! plan is to take good well-matur$ %oots :i* are a little long] ?an ! injury :i* has to be spann$1 mak+ a slop+ cut on bo? ends1 also a cut into ! heal?y b>k above & bel[ ! injury1 & slip ! cut ends ( ! cutt+ into ! cuts 9 ! b>k s t ! ends g "u ! b>k above & bel[1 & ! cut ends are closely connect$ ) ! gr[+ lay] ( ! /ock4 ,if ! cutt+ is made a little long] ?an ! di/ance to be spann$1 ! t5d5cy ( ! cutt+ by /raight5+ is to hold itself 9 place4 ,:5 9 place1 ! connections %\ld he cov]$ ) wax to prev5t dry+ out4 ,soil-,b9d+ ,plant = ,w9t]4 ,:at w\ld be ! be/ to plant 9 an or*>d on gr\nd ( a light s&y s$im5t :i*1 aft] pl[+1 w move ) ! /rong w9ds8 ,i w\ld l to plant some?+ t w b5efit ! gr\nd4 ,! w9ds are ! /ronge/ f ,decemb] to ,april4 ,?is is 9 ! irrigat$ di/rict & ,i ne$ some?+ t w make a sod dur+ t p]iod4 ,we w\ld1 9 all ! valleys1 advise a fall irrigation 7if ! ra9s are late7 & ! s[+ ( burr clov]1 :i* :5 />t$ 9 ,septemb] w h ! gr\nd well cov]$ by ,decemb]1 if y keep ! moi/ure "r to pu% x4 ,disk+ or pl[+ ?is "u 9 ,m>* 7or ,april1 accord+ to locality7 w hold ! s& & aft]w>d enri* x4 ,y c d ?is e ye>1 b probably y w n ne$ to se$ x m ?an once4 ,bananas 9 ,cali=nia4 ,is !re any reason :y bananas w\ld n gr[ & be> 9 ! vic9ity ( ,m]c$ if !y _h pl5ty ( wat]8 ,or w\ld ! cool nights at c]ta9 seasons keep !m f be>+8 ,w\ld !y d bett] 9 ! ,imp]ial valley8 ,bananas w\ld suff] too sev]ely f fro/ to be pr(itable at any po9t 9 ! int]ior valleys ( ,cali=nia4 ,a plant w\ld be kill$ to ! gr\nd at lea/ e ye> unless "u glass or o!r protection4 ,!re are a few places practically fro/less :]e bananas c be gr[n 9 ?is ,/ate1 b !re is no promise 9 comm]cial production because !y c be s *eaply import$ f ! tropics4 ,c>obs 9 ,cali=nia4 ,w ! c>ob tree 7,/4 ,john's ,bread7 d well 9 ! ,sacram5to valley1 & is x a desirable tree = l9+ a driveway8 ,c>obs h be5 gr[n 9 ,cali=nia = ?irty ye>s or m & !y w make a h&some driveway & give a lot ( pods = ! kids & ! pigs - = !y are ! husks :i* ! sw9e did eat1 & bo? l !m4 ,!y ought to be mu* m widely plant$ 9 ,cali=nia because !y gr[ well & are good to look ^u4 ,sp9eless ,cactus ,fruit4 ,i h ab\t two acres ( high l& 9 ,fresno c\nty t c't be irrigat$4 ,x is r$ adobe soil & !re is h>dpan 9 x4 ,:i* k9d ( fruit trees w gr[ & pay be/8 ,h[ ne> may ! h>dpan be to ! surface be=e ,i h to bla/ x8 ,x is a h>d fruit proposition4 ,try sp9eless cactus1 ! fruits ( :i* are delici\s4 ,bla/+ w\ld help if !re is a moi/ sub/ratum bel[ ! h>dpan & might enable y to gr[ _m fruits4 ,if y\r l& is h>d & dry all ! way d[n1 bla/+ w\ld n help y unless y c get irrigation4 ,presumably y\r ra9fall is too small = fruit unless y /rike und]fl[ bel[ ! h>dpan4 ,clean+ ,fruit ,trays4 ,:at d y advise = kill+ & remov+ ! :iti% mold t =ms on trays us$ = dry+ prunes8 ,w\ld sunn+ ! trays be effective1 or wa%+ 9 hot wat]1 or is !re "s suitable fungicide8 ,good hot sun & dry w9d w kill ! mold4 ,! spores ( su* a common mold are wait+ ev]y:]e1 s t y\r fruit w\ld mold anyway if conditions 7 "r4 ,/ill1 scald+ ! trays = cleanl9ess & a %ort trip ?r\gh ! sulphur box = fungus-kill+ is comm5d$4 ,kill+ ,moss on ,old ,trees4 ,i h "s ,b>tlett pe> trees t are cov]$ ) moss & mold1 & ! b>k is r\gh & *eck$4 ,i h us$ pota% 7#ih71 #a p\nd to #f gallons spray4 ,x kills ! long moss1 b ! gre5 mold x does n seem to affect4 ,! trees h be5 spray$ ab\t "o week4 ,"s trees h be5 spray$ ) a #a p\nd to #aj gallons solution by mi/ake4 ,%all ,i spray ^! aga9 ) full /r5g?1 & :58 ,y h done en\gh = ! moss at pres5t4 ,ev5 ! weak] solution ought to be /rong en\gh to clean ! b>k4 ,wait & see h[ ! b>k looks :5 ! pota% gets ?r\gh bit+2 x w keep at x = "s "t1 tak+ a fre% hold probably ) ea* new moi/ure supply f %[] or damp air4 ,! spray %\ld h be5 %ot onto ! b>k ) consid]able =ce - n simply spr9kl$ on4 ,%y-,be>+ ,apples4 ,i h "s apple trees #aj & #ab ye>s old t d n be> satisfactorily1 b p]si/ 9 mak+ #e to #f feet ( new wood ea* ye>4 ,if n cut back ?is w9t]1 w !y be m likely to make fruit buds8 ,yes1 probably4 ,c]ta9ly y %\ld try x4 ,y %\ld also cultivate less & sl[ d[n ! gr[?4 ,if !y !n take to be>+1 y c resume mod]ate prun+ & bett] cultivation4 ,?is is on ! assumption t y\r trees are 9 too ri* or too moi/ a place4 ,b y %\ld satisfy y\rself by inquiry & obs]vation z to :e!r ! same v>ieties d be> well 9 y\r vic9ity :5 conditions are su* t sl[] gr[? is made4 ,if ! v>iety is naturally %y 9 be>+1 or if x requires cross-poll9ation1 ! propos$ repressive treatm5t might n avail any?+4 ,9 t case y c graft ov] ! tree to "s v>iety :i* does be> well or graft "p ( ! trees to ano!r v>iety = cross-poll9ation4 ,no ,apples on ,qu9ce4 ,h[ l>ge a tree w ! ,yell[ ,bellefleur apple make if graft$ or budd$ on qu9ce root at ! age ( #ae ye>s8 ,i h be5 try+ to get "s in=mation ab\t dw>f fruit trees1 b x is difficult to get4 ,no wond] ! in=mation is h>d to get4 ,! ,yell[ ,bellefleur w n gr[ ^u ! qu9ce at all1 or at lea/ n = long4 ,9 gr[+ dw>f apples ! ,p>adise /ock is us$1 :ile ! qu9ce is us$ = dw>f+ ! pe>1 & _m v>ieties ( pe>s w accept ! qu9ce root :i* ! apple rejects4 ,/ock = ,apples4 ,d y recomm5d ,fr5* se$l+ /ock z greatly to be pref]r$ to t gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry8 ,fr5* se$l+ /ock is g5]ally us$ because x is grad$ & furni%$ 9 uni=m sizes2 also1 because x c usually be pur*as$ = less ?an se$l+s c be gr[n "u our labor conditions4 ,locally gr[n apple se$l+s are apt to be irregul> 9 size &1 z already /at$1 co/ m ?an ! prop]ly grad$ import$ /ock4 ,apples & ,alfalfa4 ,i h rec5tly come across a proposition to s[ apple or*>ds 9 ! int]ior ( s\!rn ,cali=nia ) alfalfa4 ,! apples are said to be sup]ior & ! crop heavi]1 to say no?+ ( a half or two-?irds ( an alfalfa crop 9 addition to ! crop ( apples4 ,:at d y "k ab\t x8 ,is alfalfa be+ us$ by o!rs 9 ?is way8 ,x is p]fectly rational to gr[ alfalfa 9 fruit or*>ds if ! wat] supply is ample = bo? ! trees & ! int]crop & ! own] w n yield to ! temptation to wat]log 8 trees = ! sake ( gett+ m alfalfa4 ,x is ev5 m desirable 9 ! int]ior ?an ne> ! coa/1 probably4 ,9 ,arizona "s gr[]s h = a numb] ( ye>s practic$ gr[+ alfalfa 9 or*>ds1 cutt+ ! alfalfa )\t remov+ x1 c\nt+ t clipp+s are wor? m to !m ?r\gh _! decay & ! increase ( ! humus cont5t ( ! soil4 ,ev5 :]e ?is is n done1 ! alfalfa w add to ! humus ( ! soil by its own wa/es bo? f root & /em4 ,! pres5ce ( an alfalfa cov] r$uces ! dang] ( leaf & b>k burn+ ei!r by reflect$ or radiat$ heat f a smoo? gr\nd surface1 & "s trees are v mu* b5efit$ by ?is protection 9 regions ( high temp]ature4 ,?is might be expect$ to be ! case ) ! apple1 :i* is some:at subject to leaf burn+ 9 our int]ior valleys4 ,top ,graft+4 ,9 graft+ ov] apple & pe> trees to "s o!r v>iety1 is x advisable to cut (f & graft ! entire tree ! fir/ ye> :]e ! trees are f #g to #ae ye>s old1 or w\ld x be bett] to cut (f only a "p ( ! top ! fir/ ye> & ! re/ ! foll[+ ye>8 ,9 ! coa/ region x is a good practice to graft ov] ! :ole tree at "o "t1 cutt+1 h[ev]1 above ! =ks & n into ! ma9 /em bel[ ! =k+4 ,?is gives _m scions :i* seem able to take c>e ( ! sap successfully4 ,9 ! int]ior valleys1 x is r bett] practice to leave a bran* or two1 cutt+ !m out at ! foll[+ w9t]'s prun+1 = probably ! fir/ ye>'s grafts w give y bran*es en\gh4 ,?is has ! effect ( prev5t+ ! dr[n+ out ( ! scions f too /rong sap-fl[4 ,cutt+ back & regraft+ ( old trees %\ld be done r e>ly1 be=e ! mo/ active sap-fl[ beg9s4 ,! lat] 9 ! season ! graft+ is done1 & ! w>m] ! locality1 ! m desirable x seems to be to leave a bran* or two :5 graft+4 ,apple ,budd+4 ,:at is ! be/ "t to bud apples8 ,apples are budd$ 9 ,july & ,augu/ & rema9 dormant until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,mildew on ,apple ,se$l+s4 ,:y d "y apple plants 9 ! se$ b$ became mildew$8 ,!y are 9 a la? h\se4 ,because too mu* moi/ure 0 associat$ ) too mu* %ade4 ,m sun%9e w\ld h prev5t$ mildew1 & if !y _h enjoy$ x ! se$l+s c\ld h made bett] use ( ! wat] probably4 ,prun+ ,apples4 ,"y apple trees set two ye>s ago 7 cut back to #ad to #ah in*es & c>$ = z to l[ bran*+1 prop] spac+1 etc41 b ! desir$ bran*es 7 all[$ to make full gr[? to ! pres5t "t4 ,!y h mode great gr[? & if all[$ to cont9ue w make too tall trees4 ,we und]/& t y\r trees h made two summ]s' gr[? s9ce prun+4 ,we %\ld cut back to a good lat]al :]ev] y c f9d "o runn+ at ! "r direction at ab\t ?ree to f\r feet f ! la/ cut1 & %ort5 ! lat]al m or less accord+ to ! be/ judgm5t we c\ld =m on sight ( ! tree4 ,9 ?is way y c take out ! bran*es :i* are runn+ too high & make ! framework = a l[] gr[?4 ,d n remove ! small twigs & spurs unless y h too _m su* %oots4 ,cutt+ ,back ,apples & ,pe>s4 ,cali=nia ,fruits says ! apple does n reli% cutt+ back1 nor is x desirable to %ort5 9 ! bran*es4 ,b :5 a ?ree-ye>-old tree gets above #ab feet high1 z _m ( m9e are do+1 :at are y go+ to d8 ,i cut ^! back same la/ ye>1 b up !y g aga9 ) m bran*es ?an ev]4 ,! pe>s are gett+ too tall1 also4 ,%\ld n bo? apple & pe> trees be kept d[n to ab\t t5 feet8 ,! quotation y make ref]s to old be>+ trees1 & indicates t _! prun+ is n l t ( ! pea*1 :i* is cont9ually %ort5$ 9 to keep pl5ty ( new wood l[ d[n4 ,( c\rse1 9 secur+ l[ & satisfactory bran*+ on "y apples1 pe>s1 etc41 !re mu/ be cutt+ back1 & ?is mu/ be cont9u$ :ile y are =m+ ! tree4 ,if y mean t ^! trees are to be p]man5tly kept at t5 feet high1 y %\ld h plant$ trees work$ on dw>f+ /ocks4 ,su* a height does n all[ a /&>d tree fre$om en\gh = ?rift2 z !y become old] !y w require f twice to ?rice ! altitude y assign to !m1 probably4 ,pe>s c be m successfully kept d[n ?an apples1 b n to t5 feet except z dw>fs4 ,prun+ ,old ,apple ,trees4 ,h[ w\ld y prune apple trees eight or n9e ye>s old t h n be5 cut back8 ,!re are a great _m t h run up #bj feet high ) twelve or fifte5 ma9 limbs & v few be+ m ?an two or ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,remove cross bran*es :i* are int]f]+ ) o!rs & ?9 out bran*es :i* seem to be cr[d+ ea* o!r at _! atta*m5ts to ! trunk1 by remov+ "s ( !m at ! />t+ po9t4 ,hav+ remov$ ^! c>efully s z n to knock (f spurs f o!r bran*es1 /udy ! tree z x is ?us some:at op5$ up & see :]e rema9+ bran*es c be %ort5$ to ov]come ! t5d5cy to run too high4 ,d n %e> (f bran*es leav+ a lot ( /ubs 9 ! upp] "p ( ! tree1 b always cut back a ma9 bran* to a lat]al & %ort5 ! lat]al high] up if desirable4 ,?is w keep away f hav+ a lot ( bru% 9 ! top ( ! tree4 ,/udy ea* tree by itself = symmetry & balance ( bran*es & proce$ by judgm5t r ?an by rules anyone c give y4 ,top-,graft+ ,apples4 ,c ,i graft ov] a few ,b5 ,davis apple trees #be ye>s old or !reab\ts1 b ?rifty & vigor\s8 ,x is c]ta9ly possible1 by ! old top-graft+ me?od :i* has be5 us$ ev]y:]e ) apples = c5turies4 ,graft dur+ ! w9t]4 ,"w on ! limbs above ! head s z to pres]ve ! advantage ( ! old =k+1 us+ a cleft graft & wax+ well4 ,x is usually be/ to graft ov] a "p ( ! limbs & ! balance a ye> lat]4 ,w ! ,apples ,be ! ,same ,k9d8 ,i h a mix$ or*>d1 mo/ly ,grav5/e9s1 & ,i want to graft all ! o!r trees into a ,grav5/e9 top if ,i c d s & at ! same "t get ! e>ly ,grav5/e9 bloom & ! fruit w\ld be z satisfactory z ?\gh on o!r roots4 ,! new tree gr[n f ! grafts w behave j l ! tree f :i* ! scions 7 tak5 if simil>ly ?rifty4 ,places = ,apples4 ,:at quality is x 9 ! soil 9 ! vic9ity ( ,watsonville t makes t c\ntry peculi>ly adapt$ to ! culture ( apples8 ,are !re n o!r portions ( ! ,/ate :]e apples c\ld be produc$ on a comm]cial basis8 ,x is n alone quality 9 ! soil1 b "* ( ! climate t und]lie success 9 ! ,watsonville di/rict4 ,apples c be & are gr[n on a comm]cial scale ?r\gh ! coa/ di/rict ( ,sonoma1 ,m5doc9o1 & ,humboldt c\nties2 also 9 suitable situations 9 ! coa/ c\nties s\? ( ,santa ,cruz c\nty4 ,along ! coa/1 z f> z deep ret5tive soil & ! cool air ( ! ocean ext5d1 "o may expect to get apples simil> to ^? produc$ 9 ! ,watsonville di/rict4 ,9 ! int]ior valleys1 on suitable soils ) adequate moi/ure1 e>ly apples are pr(itably gr[n1 :ile 9 ! high] foo?ill & m\nta9 valleys 9 all p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 :]e moi/ure is suffici5t1 late keep+ apples ( high quality are produc$4 ,summ]-prun+ ,apples4 ,w summ] prun+ cause apple trees to be> fruit in/ead ( gr[+ s mu* new wood8 ,ov]-gr[? c be repress$ by summ] prun+1 & if done j at ! "r "t be>+ is increas$ & late new gr[? is avoid$1 b x is n easy to det]m9e exactly ! "r "t1 & x has to be fix$ accord+ to local conditions ( l5g? ( gr[+ season & gr[? condition ( ! tree itself also4 ,x is bett] = "s v>ieties ?an o!rs1 &1 9 fact1 has to be done wisely4 ,a summ] sla%+ ( apple trees1 simply because "s "o says s1 is n only exp5sive1 b may d m h>m ?an good4 ,!re=e1 ^? incl9$ to x1 %\ld try a few trees at fir/ & note results4 ,graft+ ,apple ,se$l+s 9 ,place4 ,i want to plant apple trees = home use4 ,i h an idea to plant apple se$s in/ead ( trees3 plant+ ?ree or f\r se$s = ea* hill1 "r 9 ! place :]e ,i w\ld gr[ ! trees1 & select ! be/ "o to graft on4 ,i w take se$ ( ,bellefleurs1 :i* are vigor\s gr[]s4 ,:at d y ?9k8 ,w ! se$ g]m9ate readily & :5 is ! "r "t to plant8 ,select plump1 well rip5$ se$1 keep !m 9 damp s& until ! gr\nd beg9s to get w>m 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y1 accord+ to location4 ,b su* an und]tak+ w co/ y va/ly m 9 "t1 9 labor1 & wa/e ( l& ?an x w\ld to buy well-gr[n nurs]y trees budd$ ) ! v>iety :i* y desire4 ,su* trees w\ld give y practically a uni=m lot ( trees 9 y\r or*>d :ile plant+ se$l+s & graft+ aft]w>d w\ld give y v irregul> & = ! mo/ "p unsatisfactory results - provid+ y get any se$s to gr[ at all 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 :i* is d\btful4 ,resi/ant ,apple ,roots4 ,a few apple trees :i* are almo/ dead f ravages ( ! woolly aphis4 ,i am go+ to dig !m out & plant 9 _! places o!r apple trees on woolly aphis-pro( root4 ,w x be necess>y to use measures to ext]m9ate ! woolly aphis 9 ! old roots or _! places 9 ! gr\nd be=e plant+ new trees 9 ! places ( ! remov$ trees8 ,x is n necess>y to und]take to kill aphis 9 ! gr\nd :5 y are plant+ apple trees on resi/ant roots4 ,x w give y\r trees a bett] />t to dig l>ge holes1 ?r[ out ! old soil1 & fill 9 ) "s new soil f ano!r "p ( ! l& to be plant$1 b x has be5 demon/rat$ t ^! roots are resi/ant1 no matt] if plant$ 9 ! mid/ ( infe/ation4 ,apples & ,*]ries = a ,hot ,place4 ,:at k9d ( apple d y ?9k w\ld d be/ 9 a dry1 hot climate8 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! ,e>ly ,ri*mond *]ry 9 su* a place8 ,apples mo/ likely to succe$ 9 a dry situation are ^? :i* rip5 _! fruit v e>ly4 ,! ,r$ ,a/ra*an is on ! :ole ! mo/ satisfactory1 b !re are _m places :i* are altoge!r too dry & hot = any k9d ( apple4 ,:e!r *]ries w\ld succe$ or n y c only tell by try+4 ,possibly ! trees w\ld n live ?r\gh ! summ] if y\r soil becomes v dry4 ,! mo/ h>dy *]ries are ! s\r or pie *]ries & ! ,e>ly ,ri*mond is "o ( ?is gr\p4 ,die-back ( ,apple ,trees4 ,:at causes ! dea? ( ! top %oots 9 apple trees8 ,new wood is sometimes diseas$ by mildew1 b die-back is usually due to two diff]5t causes3 ,"o1 ! accumulation ( wat] 9 ! soil dur+ ! excessive ra9s ( mid-w9t]2 second1 ! occurr5ce ( l[ temp]atures1 includ+ fro/s1 aft] ! sap has ris54 ,:i* ( ^! causes op]ate 9 a c]ta9 case dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 ^u :e!r ! soil 0 heavy & incl9$ to reta9 /&+ wat] too long1 or :e!r !re 7 su* fro/s at ab\t ! "t :5 ! leaves %\ld />t4 ,sometimes1 ( c\rse1 bo? ( ^! conditions work$ 9 ! same place2 sometimes "o & sometimes ! o!r1 b c]ta9ly bo? ( !m are capable ( caus+ ! tr\ble4 ,!re seems to be no specific disease2 x is r a matt] ( unfavorable conditions = gr[?4 ,/orage ( ,apples4 ,we desire to /ore two or ?ree ?\s& boxes ( apples = ?ree or f\r mon?s & propose to d x 9 ?is way3 ,make an excavation 9 dry e>?1 putt+ at ! bottom ( ! excavation /raw4 ,^u ?is /raw place ! apples1 !n dry /raw ov] ! apples1 & ^u ! top ( ?is two or ?ree feet ( dry e>?4 ,w x be a good plan to p\r on wat] f "t to "t ov] ! top ( ?is to keep ! apples & all wet1 or %\ld ! apples be kept dry8 ,putt+ d[n loose apples 9 a /raw-l9$ pit w\ld be v exp5sive4 ,x w\ld invite decay by bruis+ ! fruit1 & ! result w\ld probably be a wor?less mixture ( rott5 fruit & /raw4 ,! fruit %\ld be /or$ 9 boxes or %all[ trays to r$uce pressure & promote v5tilation1 & n 9 b9s or l>ge piles4 ,apples w keep = a long "t 9 good condition if ! boxes are put 9 piles 9 ! %ade1 cov]$ ) /raw1 :i* %\ld be slightly moi/5$ f "t to "t2 b 9 t case !re w\ld n be su* an accumulation ( moi/ure & !re w\ld be v5tilation at all times4 ,apples %\ld be kept dry1 b !y w %rivel & become unm>ketable unless ! air 9 :i* !y are /or$ is kept reasonably moi/4 ,?is is g5]ally accompli%$ by mak+ apple h\ses ) d\ble walls & ro( to exclude heat & ) an e>? or concrete floor :i* c be spr9kl$ f "t to "t ) a hose4 ,apple ,root-grafts4 ,i h an old apple or*>d & w\ld l to h two or ?ree ( ! be/ v>ieties positively id5tifi$1 s t ,i c ord] ^! k9ds f ! nurs]y = next ye>'s plant+4 ,old ,cali=nia apple or*>ds h _m v>ieties no long] propagat$ l>gely4 ,if y greatly desire to h a few trees ( exactly ! v>ieties :i* y are n[ gr[+1 y run "s risk ( mi/ake 9 ord]+ by "n1 b if y make "s root-grafts by tak+ a piece ( ! small] roots ( ! tree1 :i* y c dig out1 say ab\t ! size ( a p5cil1 & graft scions ^u !m1 y c secure root-grafts = plant+ 9 nurs]y ?is ye> & 9 t way be sure to h trees ( exactly ! same k9d4 ,root-grafts c be made 9 ! w9t]1 plac$ 9 s& :i* is kept moi/ & n wet1 plant$ out z soon z ! gr\nd w>ms up1 & y w get imm$iate & v satisfactory gr[? 9 t way4 ,prun+ ,old ,apple ,trees4 ,i h an old or*>d conta9+ "s apple trees ab\t #dj ye>s old - trees well %ap$ b ) pl5ty ( ma9 bran*es & limbs all v long4 ,! trees be> pr(usely 9 alt]nate ye>s b ! fruit is small4 ,9 prun+ w\ld y advise cutt+ out "s ma9 limbs :]e !re are ov] ?ree or f\r & ?us mak+ a big wood r$uction 7:]e sunburn protection c /ill be gu>d$7 or w\ld y only %ort5 9 ! bran*es & ?9 ! fruit sev]ely8 ,d n remove ma9 bran*es unless !y are cle>ly too num]\s or h be5 all[$ to gr[ to int]f]5ce ) ea* o!r or h become weak5$ or feeble 9 "s way4 ,9 su* cases ! space is wor? m ?an ! bran*4 ,if ! tree has a fair framework d n di/urb x 9 ord] to get d[n to an arbitr>y limit ( ?ree or f\r ma9 bran*es2 sometimes ! tree c c>ry m4 ,if ! tree is too ?ick1 ?9 x out by remov+ side bran*es ( m or less size - sav+ ! be/1 judg+ by bo? vigor & position4 ,"w ?r\gh ! :ole top 9 ?is way until y rea* ! be/ judgm5t y c =m ( en\gh space & light = good int]ior foliage & fruit4 ,apple bran*es %\ld seldom be %ort5$1 & :5 ?is seems desirable1 cut to a side bran* & n to a /ub :i* w make a lot ( weak %oots or bru% 9 ! top ( ! tree4 ,prun+ ,apple ,trees4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce ( op9ion "h reg>d+ ! prun+ ( ?ree-ye> or old] apple trees4 ,_m p cut back ?ree1 f\r & five-ye>-old trees half ! season's gr[?2 o!rs only cut back six in*es4 ,apple trees are cut back dur+ _! e>ly life to cause bran*+ & to secure %ort di/ances betwe5 ! l>g] lat]als on ! ma9 bran*es4 ,?is secures a l[]1 /rong] tree4 ,cutt+ back twice or ?ree times %\ld secure a good framework ( ?is k9d1 & !n ! apple %\ld n be regul>ly & sy/ematically cut back z ! pea* & apricot are4 ,x is n possible to prescribe def9ite in*es1 because cutt+ back is a matt] ( judgm5t & dep5ds ^u h[ ?ick ! gr[? is1 :at its position & relation to o!r %oots1 etc4 ,! *ief po9t 9 cutt+ back is to "k :]e y wi% ! next lat]als to come on ! %ort5$ %oot1 & if y d n wi% m lat]als at once2 d n cut back at all4 ,treatm5t1 ( lat]als :i* come ( !mselves is ano!r matt]4 ,d n clip ! ends ( %oots unless lat]als are desir$4 ,if y keep clipp+ ! ends ( apple twigs1 y w get no fruit f "s v>ieties4 ,graft+ ,almond on ,pea*4 ,i _h good success ) ! pea* trees :i* ,i graft$ to almond la/ spr+1 gett+ ab\t #ie p] c5t ( a /&1 & _m ( ! grafts n[ are "o & "o-half in*es diamet]4 ,9 ea* ( ! trees ,i left ab\t a qu>t] ( ! bran*es1 to keep up ! gr[+ process ( ! tree4 ,! univ]sal practice ar\nd "h 9 graft+ is to cut ! :ole top (f ! tree at ! "t ( graft+1 b ! increas$ gr[? & vigor ( ! grafts ,i h has prov$ to me & o!r gr[]s ar\nd1 t mu* bett] results are obta9$ by leav+ "p ( ! top on ! tree at ! "t ( graft+4 ,y did exce$+ly well ) y\r graft+4 ,x seems a m rational way to proce$ ?an by a total amputation1 & yet ample success is (t5 atta9$ by graft+ = a :ole new top at once4 ,prun+ ,almonds4 ,%\ld ! ma9 bran*es be %ort5$ 9 a ?ree-ye>-old almond tree8 ,( c\rse1 ,i int5d to ?9 out ! bran*es4 ,"s gr[]s "h advise me to %ort5 ! ma9 bran*es2 o!rs say d n %ort5 !m1 z x t5ds to give ! trees a bru%y top4 ,al?\gh "s gr[]s are cont5d+ = regul> %ort5+ - 9 ( ! almond z is practic$ on ! pea*1 x is n usual to cut back almond trees aft] !y h rea*$ ?ree ye>s ( age & h assum$ good =m4 ,( c\rse1 if cutt+ back is done1 ! %oots com+ f ne> ! amputation mu/ be ?9n$ out to prev5t ! bru%9ess y\r advis] prop]ly object$ to4 ,budd+ & ,graft+ ,almonds4 ,is x bett] to bud or graft bitt] almond se$l+s ( "o ye>'s gr[?1 &1 z !y mu/ be transplant$1 w\ld x be prop] to d ! "w ?is season or def] x = ano!r ye>'s gr[?8 ,y\r almond se$l+s %\ld h be5 budd$ 9 ,july or ,augu/ aft] />t+ f ! nut1 :i* w\ld h fitt$ !m = plant+ 9 or*>d ! foll[+ w9t] z dormant buds1 z !y _c /ay :]e !y are ano!r season4 ,n[ y c transplant to nurs]y r[s 9 ano!r place3 cut back & graft z ! buds are swell+1 all[+ a good s+le %oot to gr[ f bel[ on ^? :i* d n />t ! grafts into :i* y c bud 9 ,june1 & cut back ! /ock to =ce gr[? z soon z ! buds h tak54 ,9 ?is way y w get ! :ole /ock into trees = plant+ out next w9t]4 ,"s w be l>ge & "s small1 b all w come ?r\gh if plant$ 9 good soil & c>$ = prop]ly4 ,( c\rse1 y c plant out ! se$l+s & graft & bud 9 ! or*>d1 b x w be a lot ( tr\ble & y w get v irregul> results4 ,cutt+ ,back ,almonds4 ,i h "s nice ?rifty two-ye>-old almond trees :i* ,i did n top ?is spr+4 ,! limbs are f ab\t f\r to sev5 or eight feet long4 ,w\ld x n be be/ to top !m yet8 ,cut !m back to a %oot ( ?is ye>'s gr[?1 remov+ ab\t a ?ird ( la/ ye>'s gr[?1 p]haps4 ,?is w give y l[] & bett] bran*+4 ,almond ,plant+4 ,i am contemplat+ ! plant+ ( ab\t five to eight acres ( almonds3 :at v>iety is be/ to plant8 ,be=e plant+ s _m almonds1 y %\ld det]m9e h[ satisfactory ! almond is 9 be>+ 9 y\r location4 ,unless y c f9d satisfactory demon/ration ( ?is fact1 x is haz>d\s to plant su* an acreage4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y f9d t almonds are be>+ satisfactorily1 ! k9ds :i* are p]haps mo/ satisfactory to plant are ,nonp>eil1 ,texas ,prolific1 ,ne ,plus ,ultra & ,drake's ,se$l+4 ,! ,texas ,prolific & ,drake's ,se$l+ are abundant be>]s & pr(itable because ( ! size ( ! crop1 al?\gh ! price is l[] ?an ! s(t-%ell$ v>ieties1 ,nonp>eil & ,ne ,plus ,ultra4 ,^! two v>ieties are su* en]getic poll9iz]s t !y n only be> well !mselves1 b =ce ! be>+ ( ! l>g] v>ieties m5tion$4 ,e ?ird r[ 9 y\r plantation %\ld be ei!r ,texas ,prolific or ,drakes' ,se$l+s1 :i* w\ld give y two-?irds ( ! l>g] v>ieties & "o-?ird ( ! small]4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 o!r s(t-%ell$ almonds :i* are wor? plant+ & are be+ consid]ably plant$ 9 localities :]e !y d well4 ,?is y c asc]ta9 by inquiry among local gr[]s & nurs]ym54 ,! plant+ ( a good proportion ( active poll9iz]s is ! mo/ important po9t4 ,almond ,poll9ation4 ,my almond trees look heal?y b ! fruit seems to be diseas$4 ,is x necess>y to h male & female trees1 & h[ c "o di/+ui% !m8 ,! almond is monoeci\s & has p]fect blossoms1 !re=e1 !re is no su* ?+ z male & female trees 9 ! case ( ! almond1 b mo/ ( ! be/ s(t-%ell$ almonds are self-/]ile & ne$ cross-poll9ation f ano!r v>iety4 ,?is is discuss$ else:]e 9 answ] to ano!r "q4 ,roots = ! ,almond4 ,:i* is ! be/ root to h ! almond graft$ on1 pea* or bitt] almond8 ,! soil is s&y4 ,! bitt] almond & ! h>d-%ell$ sweet almond are bo? us$ & we are n aw>e t any p>ticul> advantage has be5 demon/rat$ = ei!r ( !m4 ,! almond does well on pea* roots also1 b ! almond is a bett] root :]e ! soil conditions suit x4 ,longevity ( ,almond & ,pea*4 ,:at is diff]5ce 9 life ( pea* & almond 9 ,cali=nia8 ,! almond is ! long]-liv$1 b we h se5 bo? assum+ ! aspect ( =e/ trees 9 ab&on$ pione] places4 ,bo? are apt to live long] ?an _! plant]s1 if soil & moi/ure conditions favor4 ,almond ,se$l+s4 ,i h be5 told t almond trees rais$ f se$1 no matt] :at k9d ( se$ plant$1 w produce bitt] almonds4 ,is ?is a fact8 ,x is n a fact4 ,! majority w probably be h>d-%ell1 sweet & bitt]1 b o!rs w be s(t-%ell1 m$ium-%ell1 pap]-%ell1 & ev]y?+ else y ev] he>d ( 9 ! almond l9e4 ,! almond has ! sportie/ k9d ( se$l+s4 ,d ,n ,plant ,almonds 9 ,place4 ,i h #cj acres :i* ,i int5d to plant to almonds & pea*es1 & ,i ?\ght ( plant+ ! spr\t$ nuts & pits :]e ,i want$ my trees1 & budd+ ! same !re 9 or*>d =m4 ,z "o or two ye>s' use ( ! l& is n consid]$1 :at is y\r advice8 ,my idea is to plant 9 or*>d at />t s z n to di/urb roots1 z :5 gr[n 9 nurs]y & transplant$ 9 or*>d4 ,w\ld x n progress z rapidly8 ,w\ld y advise budd+ pea*es on almond roots2 if n1 :y8 ,my idea is t x w\ld give a long]-liv$ tree4 ,we w\ld d no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,if we decid$ x bett] to gr[ trees ?an to buy !m1 we w\ld gr[ & bud ! se$l+s 9 nurs]y & n 9 ! field4 ,field budd+ is op5 to all k9ds ( injuries & gr[? f x1 :5 sav$ f cultivation & all k9ds ( intrud]s1 is irregul> & unc]ta94 ,z = />t+ ! roots f ! nut 9 plate1 x is l>gely a fanciful consid]ation4 ,we c\nt x no ga9 = ! walnut :i* makes a tap root1 & /ill less ga9ful = ! almond & pea*1 :i*1 usually make spread+ roots4 ,to cut (f a tap root does n prev5t ! tree f root+ deeply if ! soil is favorable4 ,z to use ( ! l&1 y lose "t by gr[+ ! se$l+s 9 place4 ,! pea* does well on ! almond root if soil conditions favor ! almond4 ,p]haps x gives long] life to ! pea*1 b ! pr(itable life ( ! pea* tree 9 a prop] soil does n dep5d on ! root2 x dep5ds ^u ! treatm5t ( ! top 9 prun+ = r5ewal ( bran*es4 ,almond & ,pea*4 ,) wat]-table at #ah feet1 :i* root is be/ = almond trees8 ,! exp]i5ce ar\nd "h is t ! pea* root />ts be/4 ,:i* root is mo/ durable8 ,:at is ! life ( ! pea* root & ( ! almond8 ,x is n m]ely a "q ( dep? to wat]1 b ( "* ( ! soil above ! wat]4 ,nei!r ( ! roots w /& heavy soil :i* holds wat] too long1 & bo? enjoy a free loam :i* dra9s readily d[n to ! wat]-table or bottom wat]4 ,if ! soil is r s&y1 lett+ ! wat] d[n v quickly1 ! almond is bett] 9 gett+ to x ?an ! pea*4 ,if x is f9] & /ill well dra9$ ! pea* w d well1 & ! almond enjoys t also4 ,! almond probably c be c\nt$ on to /& co>s] soil & great] dr\? ?an ! pea* & "u su* conditions w outlive ! pea*1 probably1 b bo? ( !m w live tw5ty to ?irty ye>s or m if prun$ 9 ! head to get en\gh new wood & ! trunk is kept f sunburn4 ,aside f ?is *oose ! almond root = ! almond4 ,poll9ation ( ,almonds4 ,i h ,drake's ,se$l+ almonds4 ,"s p h told me t ,i mu/ plant "s h>d%ell v>iety betwe5 !m1 o!rwise !y w n be>4 ,x is n necess>y to plant h>d%ell almonds ne> ,drake's ,se$l+ trees 9 ord] to h !m be>4 ,"s v>ieties ( almonds w set few nuts unless !y are cross-poll9at$1 b ^! are ! pap]-%ell v>ieties1 z a rule - ! ,nonp>eil1 ,,ixl & ,ne ,plus ,ultra - & = ^! ! ,drake's ,se$l+ or ,texas ,prolific is plant$ z a poll5iz]4 ,! highe/-pric$ nut ( all is ! ,nonp>eil1 & x is also a good be>] :5 9 a good location & plant$ ) ,drake's or ,texas ,prolific4 ,/ick-tight ,almonds4 ,i h leas$ sev5 acres ( be>+ almond trees :i* h ! appe>ance ( be+ reasonably well c>$ =4 ,i notice a few trees t /ill h almonds on 7/ick-tights74 ,:at is ! cause & rem$y8 ,! occurr5ce ( /ick-tights is g5]ally due to lack ( moi/ure & ?rifty gr[?1 al?\gh "s trees may be weak f "s o!r cause & !re=e defici5t 9 sap-fl[1 :i* manife/s itself 9 t way4 ,s+le nuts may also fall into t condition ( malnutrition4 ,we "k no rem$y except to keep ! trees 9 good ?rift by cultivation or by ! use ( irrigation if necess>y4 ,%y-be>+ ,apricots4 ,:y d my apricot trees n br+ fruit8 ,!y seem heal?y & are vigor\s-look+ trees4 ,five l>ge trees h n borne #ajj p\nds ( fruit 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,! trees are n ov] six ye>s old4 ,y may h a %y-be>+ k9d ( apricot1 ( :i* !re are _m1 or ! trees may h gr[n too fa/ to hold ! fruit1 or ! fro/ or nor? w9d may h bla/$ ! bloom4 ,/op w9t] prun+1 & summ] prune to prev5t excessive gr[?2 r$uce irrigation2 try to conv9ce ! apricot t x is n a gre5 bay tree & see :at w happ54 ,prun+ ,apricots4 ,9 prun+ apricots1 if !re %\ld be a holl[ c5t] ( a big bran* 9 c5t] ( a sev5-ye>-old tree1 %\ld x be cut out ) summ] prun+8 ,%\ld heavy gr[+ apricots be summ] prun$8 ,w\ld x be all "r to ?9 out a d5se gr[? ( wood 9 ! prune trees 9 ,septemb]8 ,x is always desirable to cut bel[ a holl[ 9 a limb if possible4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 ?is w\ld necessitate cutt+ bel[ ! desirable lat]als1 ! cavity may be fill$ ) cem5t & ?us r5d]$ s]viceable = "s ye>s4 ,summ] prun+ ( ! apricot is desirable if ! gr[? is heavy & ! tree has rea*$ a be>+ age4 ,?9n+ out ( prune trees c be und]tak5 9 ! autumn1 provid+ ! tree has practically f9i%$ its gr[?1 z indicat$ by ! *ange 9 ! color & pose ( ! leaves4 ,apricot ,propagation4 ,c ,royal apricots be graft$ into se$l+ apricots8 ,d ! scions d well8 ,:at is ! be/ "t to graft !m8 ,! apricot is graft$ readily by ! ord9>y cleft graft+1 amputat+ above ! =ks if ! tree is l[-head$ en\gh to all[ y to "w into ! limbs in/ead ( ! trunk4 ,grafts w take all "r 9 ! trunk by b>k graft+1 b work+ 9 small] limbs makes a /rong] tree4 ,?is is = old trees & ! graft+ is done dur+ ! w9t]4 ,y\ng] se$l+s c be cleft or :ip graft$ 9 ! /ems1 b x is bett] to bud into ! "y se$l+s ) plump buds ( ! curr5t ye>'s gr[?1 9 ,june1 & by %ort5+ 9 ! se$l+ above ! buds z soon z !y h tak51 get a gr[? on ! bud 9 ! latt] half ( ! same gr[+ season4 ,9 nurs]y practice1 trees are usually made by budd+ 9 ,july or ,augu/ into se$l+s :i* are !n gr[+ f ! se$ plant$ ! previ\s w9t]4 ,little se$l+s f "u old trees may be c>efully transplant$ to nurs]y r[s 9 ! spr+ & budd$ ! same summ]4 ,cultivat$ well & irrigat$ if necess>y1 !y w n suff] f ?is transplant+4 ,r5ew+ ,old ,apricots4 ,%all ,i prune back heavily a #ae to #bj-ye>-old apricot tree :i* did n mature its fruit ?is season1 ,i ?9k on acc\nt ( neglect8 ,x 0 v poorly cultivat$ & n irrigat$1 consequ5tly looks v sick4 ,cut back all ! ma9 bran*es to six or eight feet f ! gr\nd1 leav+ on :atev] small gr[? !re may be bel[ t height4 ,pa9t ! /ubs & ?9 out ! %oots next summ] to get ! "r numb] ( new bran*es prop]ly di/ribut$4 ,:e!r y w get a good r5ewal ( ! head dep5ds ^u :e!r ! sickness is 9 ! root or n4 ,cut back j be=e ! buds swell t[>d ! end ( ! dormant season4 ,summ] ,prun+ ( ,apricots4 ,is x feasible to prune five-ye>-old apricot trees 9 ,augu/8 ,!y seem 9 good gr[? & h be5 irrigat$ ?ree times ?is season1 ?\gh !y h nev] be5 prun$ v closely4 ,summ] prun+ w\ld be p]fectly prop] & advisable4 ,summ] prun+ imm$iately aft] ! fruit is pick$1 has become mu* m g5]al1 & w9t] prun+ has proportionately decreas$4 ,"y trees are w9t] prun$ to promote l[ bran*+ & %ort1 /\t limbs2 be>+ trees are summ] prun$ to promote fruit be>+ & *eck wood gr[? - ! excess ( be>+ %oots be+ remov$ by ?9n+ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,wild ,*]ries4 ,:]e d ! ,mahaleb & ,mazz>d *]ries gr[ naturally8 ,h[ l>ge are ! trees1 & :at k9d ( fruit d !y be>8 ,! ,mazz>ds1 ( :i* !re are _m1 & "s ( !m wild 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 are c\nt$ inf]ior se$l+s ( ! species avium1 & are tall1 l>ge trees1 ! fruit be+ small & r acrid & colors v>i\s4 ,! ,mahaleb is a ,european type ) a small] tree1 fruit inf]ior to ! ,mazz>ds1 & us$ z a root "u soil & climatic conditions "u :i* ! ,mazz>d is n h>dy & vigor\s4 ,nei!r ( ! k9ds are wor? consid]+ = _! fruit4 ,prun+ ,*]ries4 ,i h "s *]ry trees t h n be5 prun$4 ,!y are beautiful trees1 b x a requires a #bd-;foot ladd] to get ne> ! top limbs4 ,! side limbs rea* f tree to tree4 ,!y _h a spl5did crop ?is ye>4 ,p "h tell me nev] to prune *]ry trees4 ,"o man :o claims consid]able exp]i5ce ) fruit says prune !m z soon z ! crop is (f4 ,y\r *]ry trees %\ld h be5 prun$ = ! fir/ two or ?ree ye>s q sev]ely1 9 ord] to secure bett] bran*+ & /r5g? 9 ! ma9 bran*es4 ,if ?is is done1 & ! trees come into full be>+1 v little prun+ has to be done aft]w>d1 except remov+ diseas$1 int]f]+ or surplus bran*es1 if !re are too _m4 ,x is p]fectly safe to cut back ! trees :i* y n[ h z y h be5 advis$ to d1 aft] ! leaves h fall5 or aft] !y h begun to turn yell[4 ,! trees c be safely topp$ & ?9n$1 = ! *]ry accepts prun+ v readily4 ,ev5 consid]able am\nts ( ! tops h be5 cut (f at fruit-pick+ "t f trees :i* h be5 runn+ too high1 s t ! fruit c\ld be secur$1 & ?is has n injur$ ! trees1 accord+ to our own exp]i5ce & obs]vation4 ,*]ries c be summ]-prun$ to *eck excessive gr[? & to promote fruit-be>+1 b z y\r trees h already begun to be> well1 ?is treatm5t does n seem to be necess>y4 ,y %\ld d fall & w9t] prun+ = ! %ape ( ! trees4 ,tra9+ ,*]ry ,grafts4 ,i h graft$ a lot ( se$l+ *]ries1 leav+ two or ?ree buds on ea* piece ( graft$ wood4 ,9 plant+ ^! out1 %all ,i put ! union "u gr\nd 7!y are graft$ at ! cr[n ( ! root7 & %all ,i loos5 ! clo? a little lat] :5 !y />t to gr[8 ,h[ c ,i get ! head = ! tree8 ,%\ld ,i let only "o %oot =m1 & :5 x is z high z ,i want x1 cut x (f z ,i w\ld a tree gott5 f a nurs]y8 ,if y h us$ wax$ clo? 9 y\r graft+1 x w be necess>y to loos5 x aft] ! tree gets a good />t4 ,common unwax$ clo? c\ld be tru/$ to decay soon en\gh1 probably1 b x %\ld be look$ at to see t x is n b9d+4 ,! union %\ld n be plac$ mu* bel[ ! gr\nd surface1 al?\gh x c be safely cov]$1 & ! future /em may look ! bett] = x4 ,"o %oot c\ld be all[$ to gr[ f ea* graft1 *oos+ ! be/ ones & p9*+ ! o!rs s t !y w /op ext5sion & hold leaves dur+ ! fir/ season4 ,^! c be cleanly remov$ at ! fir/ w9t] prun+ at ! "t y head back ! ma9 %oot to ! prop] height4 ,re/or+ ,*]ry ,trees4 ,i h ab\t two acres ( *]ry trees 9 ,sonoma c\nty said to be ab\t #bj ye>s old4 ,!y are 9 a v neglect$ condition & ,i am desir\s ( putt+ !m 9 good %ape = next ye>'s crop4 ,!y are 9 a v light s&y loam sail :i* is easily work$4 ,*]ry trees "u good gr[+ conditions & prop] c>e are v long liv$ 9 ,cali=nia & be> abundant crops :5 ?irty & m ye>s ( age4 ,9 ! ,san ,jose di/rict & else:]e !re are or*>ds consid]ably old] ?an ! limit /at$ & are /ill v pr(itable4 ,if y\r trees h be5 s neglect$ t ! bran*es h di$ back1 ! trees %\ld be prun$1 ( c\rse1 cutt+ out all dead wood & %ort5+ weak or dy+ bran*es to a po9t :]e a good /rong %oot c be f\nd4 ,!n a good application ( f>my>d manure pl[$ 9 dur+ ! ra9y season1 foll[$ by summ] cultivation = moi/ure ret5tion4 ,al?\gh ! *]ry is v h>dy1 x is q likely to suff] on light soils :i* become too dry4 ,on su* soils z y\rs !re is little if any dang] ( too mu* wat] 9 ! w9t]1 unless ! l& lies l[1 b ! injury to ! tree comes f ! lack ( moi/ure dur+ ! summ] "t1 & ?is1 ) y\r abundant ra9fall1 y c probably assure by ?or\gh summ] cultivation4 ,r5ew+ ,*]ry ,trees4 ,we h *]ry trees set out diamond %ape ab\t #af feet ap>t4 ,we _c take out e o!r tree & h any ord]1 s we ask y if x w\ld be possible to cut ! trees back & keep !m prun$ d[n to a small] size4 ,! trees are ab\t #bj ye>s old & are dy+ back q badly4 ,if ! trees are dy+ = lack ( summ] moi/ure x is idle to d mu* = !m until y c give !m irrigation "r aft] ! fruit rip5s4 ,! *]ry tree takes k9dly to cutt+ back & w give good new fruit-be>+ %oots if ! roots are 9 good condition4 ,x is desirable to remove surplus bran*es entirely r ?an to cut back ev]y?+ to a def9ite height1 ! bran*es to be remov$ be+ ^? :i* %[ disposition to die back & ^? :i* are runn+ out too f> s z to r$uce ! space betwe5 ! trees or to int]f]e ) bran*es f o!r trees4 ,bran*es :i* are fail+ above c 9 "s cases be cut back to a /rong ?rifty lat]al bran* bel[4 ,%ort5+-9 bran*es high up is less desirable because x =ces out too mu* new gr[? 9 ! top ( ! tree & c>ries ! fruit s high t pick+ w\ld be exp5sive4 ,all cuts ( any size %\ld be pa9t$ to prev5t ! wood f *eck+4 ,prun+ ,*]ries4 ,i h *]ry trees 9 _! ?ird season :i* h be5 giv5 ! usual w9t] prun+4 ,! trees are putt+ =? a great _m m bran*es ?an are requir$1 & naturally _m ( ! bran*es are gr[+ across ! tree4 ,9 cutt+ ^! extra bran*es1 ,i am in=m$ t !re is a way to trim !m s t !y w ev5tually =m fruit spurs4 ,i _h an idea t 9 ord] to d ?is x w\ld be well to cut ab\t "o in* f ! ma9 bran*4 ,"s "o has told me t ?is w\ld m]ely cause ! little bran* to spr\t aga94 ,*]ry %oots :i* are n requir$ or desir$ = bran*-=m+ c be transf]r$ into fruit spurs1 if ! tree is ( be>+ age1 by %ort5+ !m 94 ,d n1 h[ev]1 cut at an arbitr>y di/ance ( "o in* f ! />t+ po9t1 b r save "o or two buds at :atev] di/ance f ! />t+ po9t ^! may be gr[+4 ,if ! tree is too "y to be>1 only gr[? %oots may appe> f ^! buds1 b !y are likely to be %ort & w support fruit spurs lat]4 ,?is practice %\ld n be c>ri$ to excess or y w h too _m small %oots :i* w n get light en\gh to be> good fruit1 ev5 if fruit spurs %\ld appe>4 ,poll9ation ( ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,!re are _m old ,t>t>ian *]ry trees ar\nd our di/rict t h only borne a few *]ries 9 ye>s4 ,!re are ,b+1 ,royal ,ann & ,e>ly ,purple ,guignes "h ) ^!1 b !y seldom1 if ev]1 bloom ) ! ,t>t>ian at ! prop] "t to poll9ate4 ,:at v>ieties w\ld cause ! trees to be>8 ,/]ility ( ! ,black ,t>t>ian is r unusual4 ,9 ! coa/ regions1 ,b+1 ,black ,t>t>ian & ,e>ly ,purple ,guigne are all consid]$ poll9iz]s = ! ,royal ,ann4 ,inv]sely all ^! %\ld be poll9iz]s = ! ,black ,t>t>ian1 if t v>iety requires su* assi/ance1 :i* we h all along suppos$ t x did n4 ,treatm5t ( ,fig ,suck]s4 ,a few "y fig trees are n gr[+ f ! tops1 b are s5d+ out suck]s1 9 "s cases above & o!rs bel[ ! po9t ( graft+4 ,_h ,i bett] let ^! suck]s gr[ & see :at comes f !m or plant new trees8 ,graft ne> ! gr\nd all ^? :i* are s5d+ suck]s f bel[ ! graft4 ,suck]s f above graft+ po9t c be tra9$ into trees by select+ ! be/1 ty+ to /akes to /raight5 up & remov+ all o!r suck]s b ! "o select$4 ,no ,goph]-pro( ,fig ,roots4 ,is x necess>y t figs %\ld be graft$ 9 "s o!r roots to keep ! goph]s f de/roy+ ! trees8 ,:at root %\ld ,i ord]8 ,figs are n gr[n on any o!r ?an fig roots & are g5]ally propagat$ by root$ cutt+s = ! purpose ( avoid+ ! exp5se ( graft+4 ,! fruit mu/ !n be protect$ by kill+ ! goph]s r ?an by an ef=t to get ! tree ^u a goph]-pro( root4 ,poll9ation ( ,b>tletts4 ,w\ld ,clapp's ,favorite be a good poll9iz] = ! ,b>tlett z well z ! ,:ite ,doy5ne8 ,! :ite ,doy5ne & ! ,clapp's ,favorite usually beg9 to bloom ?ree or f\r days lat] ?an ! ,b>tlett1 b ! ,b>tlett p]iod ext5ds ab\t t5 days into ! bloom+ p]iod ( ! o!rs4 ,!re=e1 y\r "q is to be answ]$ 9 ! affirmative2 t is1 if ! ,b>tlett ne$s poll9ation1 x w be likley to get x f ei!r ( ^! v>ieties4 ,comice ,pe>s4 ,w\ld y plant ,comice pe>s in/ead ( ,b>tletts1 & :y8 ,:at is _! behavior z to be>+8 ,d !y require any diff]5t treatm5t ?an ,b>tletts8 ,:at roots8 ,d !y ne$ o!r v>ieties = poll9iz+8 ,d n plant ,cornice in/ead ( ,b>tletts except = ^? :o h te/$ out ! ,cornice to _! production & sell+4 ,?\gh satisfactory 9 "s places1 x makes no su* wide record ( success z ! ,b>tlett & %\ld be plant$ only on ! basis ( exp]i5ce ) x4 ,its propagation & culture are ! same z o!r pe>s4 ,x takes to ! qu9ce all "r if y want dw>f trees4 ,we h no record ( its poll9ation ne$s1 b z ! ,b>tlett 9 ,cali=nia defies its ,ea/]n reputation = self-/]ility1 x is likely t ,cornice may also take c>e ( itself1 = x is n h&icapp$ by su* ,ea/]n condemnation4 ,no ,pe>s on ,pea*4 ,i saw1 ! o!r day1 "s ,b>tlett pe> grafts 9 ,salway pea* trees1 & ! p>ty in=m$ me t he _h se5 ?ree-ye>-old grafts t _h pe>s la/ season4 ,i w\ld l y\r op9ion1 z ,i always ?\ght t su* a union 0 n possible4 ,our op9ion is l y\rs1 & see+ "s pe> grafts set 9 pea* bran*es w\ld n conv9ce u t !y w\ld gr[ or be> fruit4 ,pigs 9 ! ,or*>d4 ,i h an or*>d ( ,b>tlett pe>s ab\t fifte5 ye>s old1 locat$ on s$im5t l&4 ,i desire to set ?is to alfalfa1 & to fe$ ! alfalfa by lett+ hogs eat x (f1 !reby leav+ ! dropp+s on ! l&4 ,:at ,i wi% to "k is ?is3 ,w ?is crop be b5eficial or injuri\s to ! trees8 ,alfalfa c be successfully gr[n 9 an or*>d1 provid+ y h irrigation wat] s t ! alfalfa %all n rob ! trees ( moi/ure2 o!rwise x is a v dang]\s practice4 ,! practice ( runn+ animals ( any k9d 9 an or*>d is to be condemn$4 ,pigs are p>ticul>ly liable to injure trees by gnaw+ ! b>k1 & we h se5 fig trees b>k$ clean z high z a pig c\ld rea* by /&+ on 8 h9d legs4 ,( c\rse1 if y try an exp]im5t = y\r own satisfaction1 y w h to wat* ! pigs v c>efully4 ,x is true t gr[+ pa/ure crops 9 an or*>d & graz+1 x (f is injuri\s to trees1 because ! l& lacks prop] a]ation1 & good or*>d cultivation is ev5 m necess>y 9 ?is ,/ate ?an 9 humid climates4 ,!re=e1 unless y are sure ( a good wat] supply = irrigation1 x w\ld be altoge!r saf] to give ! :ole l& to ! trees & keep !m cultivat$ well1 or else dig out ! trees & use ! l& = o!r purposes4 ,dw>f ,pe>s ,n ,comm]cially ,gr[n4 ,w y k9dly give ! exp]i5ce ( pe> gr[]s 9 ,cali=nia :o h gr[n ! dw>fs8 ,if y c give me ! data or ref] me to p]sons :o c give data %[+ t ! gr[+ ( dw>f pe>s c be made a comm]cial success ! in=mation w be ( great value4 ,!re is no comm]cial gr[+ ( dw>f pe>s 9 ?is ,/ate1 except "s trees own$ by ! ,a4 ,block ,company1 ,santa ,cl>a4 ,! late ,mr4 ,block _h an old or*>d ( dw>f trees1 plant$ p]haps =ty or fifty ye>s ago1 :i* he conv]t$ into an approa* to a /&>d or*>d by remov+ alt]nate r[s1 & ! trees be+ o!rwise treat$ l /&>ds h be5 satisfactorily produc+ pe>s = _m ye>s4 ,h[ f> ^! trees are /ill on ! dw>f roots & h[ f> !y h suppli$ !mselves ) roots f ! v>iety gr[? above1 we d n "k4 ,!re is no disposition :atev] to plant dw>f trees 9 ?is ,/ate except among a few amateurs :o are mak+ home fruit g>d5s4 ,9 view ( ! successful gr[? ( /&>d trees 9 ?is ,/ate1 !re seem to be no adequate reasons = rec\rse to dw>f trees4 ,yield 9 ,dry+ ,pe>s4 ,:at is ! loss ( weight 9 dry+ ,b>tlett pe>s8 ,!y run f #g to #h lbs4 ( fre% pe>s to #a lb4 h>d dri$4 ,!re is q wide v>iation accord+ to condition ( ! fruit4 ,probably ab\t #g #a_/b to #a w\ld be z ne> a realizable ratio z y c\ld get by arbitr>y e/imate4 ,pe> ,problems4 ,k9dly let me "k ! advisability ( graft+ ,b>tlett pe>s onto apple trees4 ,9 replant+ pe>s 9 "y or*>d1 h[ w\ld x d to take root$ pe> suck]s1 graft ! ,b>tlett on !m1 & save ! co/ ( nurs]y /ock8 ,la/ ye> my five-ye>-old ,b>tlett or*>d 0 full ( blossoms1 b1 ?\gh _m pe>s became z l>ge z :ite beans1 ! majority ( !m dropp$4 ,! pe> & apple d n make a good union4 ,! grafts may gr[ = a :ile1 b f9ally fail4 ,d n use suck]s z /ocks4 ,y c dig up "s ye> roots & use !m z />t]s by mak+ root-grafts ) ,b>tlett scions & d bett] ?an ) suck]s1 b a good pe> se$l+ is ! prop] ?+ ei!r = budd+ or root graft+4 ,unless y h "s exp]i5ce 9 su* "w1 x w be *eap] 9 ! end to buy good nurs]y trees4 ,! nonbe>+ ( y\r "y trees is probably due to _! y\? & vigor4 ,bees & ,pe> ,blight4 ,a few ye>s ago1 ,i plant$ alfalfa betwe5 my pe> trees & ! trees bore a v heavy crop t ye>4 ,!n blight made its appe>ance1 & x 0 claim$ t ! bees c>ri$ ! blight4 ,i !re=e pl[$ "u ! alfalfa & de/roy$ :at few beehives ,i _h4 ,if ! !ory t ! bees c>ry ! blight f tree to tree is n correct1 ,i w exp]im5t ) alfalfa aga9 ?is ye>4 ,x is true t bees c>ry pe> blight4 ,x is also true t y are n likely to get _m pe>s )\t bees to poll9ate ! blossoms4 ,y _c escape ! c>riage ( ! pe> blight by remov+ tame bees1 because wild bees are abundant 9 all p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,! way to ov]come ! blight is to pursue x by amputation ( diseas$ bran*es cont9ually1 s t !re may be no contam9ation = ! bees to c>ry4 ,y are c]ta9ly w>rant$ 9 cont9u+ y\r alfalfa gr[+ )\t reg>d to ?is "q1 us+ wat] en\gh to keep ! alfalfa gr[+ well )\t saturat+ ! soil to ! injury ( ! trees or induc+ too mu* summ] gr[? on !m4 ,=age ,"u ,spray$ ,trees4 ,is x safe to use ars5ical sprays 9 a pe> or*>d 9 :i* alfalfa is rais$ betwe5 ! trees & aft]w>d cut & f$ to cattle8 ,x 0 fully demon/rat$ by exp]im5t ab\t #be ye>s ago t h]bage "u trees spray$ ) p>is gre5 at ! rate ( #a p\nd to #afj gallons ( wat] 0 n injuri\s to animals pa/ur+ ^u x4 ,we are n aw>e t su* an exp]im5t has be5 made ) ! m rec5tly us$ ars5ates - :i* c be us$ ) a mu* high] am\nt ( ars5ic to ! gallon because !y d n injure ! foliage - to det]m9e :e!r ! h]bage bel[ w\ld be poison\s or n4 ,presumably n1 because mod]n spray+ does n admit z mu* loss f run-(f z 0 ! case ) old ,spray+ me?ods4 ,pe>s on ,qu9ce4 ,i saw "s "t ago a report ( "s ,fr5* exp]im5ts 9 graft+ ! pe> onto qu9ce root4 ,! report said ! fruit produc$ 0 mu* l>g] ?an on any o!r root4 ,mo/ ( our common pe>s w take readily :5 graft$ on ! qu9ce1 b ! qu9ce trans=ms !m into dw>f$ trees4 ,su* trees d produce1 ) prop] c>e1 v f9e fruit4 ,! rem>k ab\t _! be+ bett] ?an on /&>d trees ref]s1 h[ev]1 to o!r climates ?an ours1 = ,cali=nia gr[s j z l>ge pe>s on /&>d trees z c possibly be gr[n1 :ile :]e conditions are h>d] ! high] culture ( ! dw>f tree & ! protection :i* x requires f climatic h>d%ips1 gives ! dw>f tree ! advantage4 ,y c get pe>s on qu9ce roots f mo/ ( our ,cali=nia nurs]ies4 ,poll9ation ( ,pe>s4 ,is x necess>y 9 gr[+ ! ,comice pe> successfully1 to put "s o!r pe> ne> = ! purpose ( poll9ation 9 ord] to make x successful8 ,w ! ord9>y ,b>tlett pe> d = poll9ation8 ,! ,comice pe> blooms ) ! ,b>tlett1 & w\ld !re=e presumably be ( poll9iz+ b5efit to ! ,b>tlett if ! latt] %\ld require su* treatm5t4 ,common exp]i5ce 9 ,cali=nia1 h[ev]1 is t ! ,b>tlett is self-f]tile & n self-/]ile z x is commonly report$ 9 ,ea/]n publications4 ,cali=nia practice is1 !n1 to plant ,b>tletts solidly )\t ref]5ce to prep>ation = poll9ation4 ,tak+ ! matt] ! o!r way ar\nd1 ! ,b>tlett w d = poll9ation ( ! ,comice probably1 if t %\ld be necess>y4 ,lye-,peel+ ,pea*es4 ,please give ! =mula = peel+ pea*es by dipp+ !m 9 cau/ic soda or lye4 ,lye = peel+ pea*es is us$ at ! rate ( half to "o p\nd to ! gallon ( wat]1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! lye1 :i* y c det]m9e by ! quickness ) :i* x acts4 ,! lye wat] is kept boil+1 & ! fruit is dipp$ 9 wire baskets1 only be+ all[$ to rema9 9 ! lye a few seconds1 & is !n plung$ at once into fre% wat]4 ,y mu/ be c>eful to keep ! lye boil+ hot1 also ei!r to use runn+ wat] = r9s+ or *ange x v frequ5tly1 = y h to rely on fre% wat] to remove ! lye1 or ! fruit is likely to be /a9$4 ,ag$ ,pea* ,trees4 ,:at %\ld be done ) pea* trees #ce ye>s old :i* are becom+ un?rifty1 be>+ only at ! ends ( ! limbs1 etc48 ,old pea* trees become b>k-b\nd & ne$ to be cut back to j above ! crot* = ! =c+ out ( new bran*es1 ?is be+ facilitat$1 ( c\rse1 by application ( manure1 good cultivation ( ! soil1 use ( wat] dur+ ! dry season1 etc4 ,! pea* is1 "u mo/ conditions1 n a long-liv$ tree1 & if y\r trees are #ce ye>s ( age1 x is probable t be/ results c\ld be obta9$ by grubb+ !m out & replant+ ) "y trees on new soil if possible4 ,! pr(itable life ( ! ,ea/]n pea* tree is put d[n at five or six ye>s4 ,9 ,cali=nia ! pr(itable life ( ! pea* sometimes rea*es tw5ty or m ye>s1 if gr[+ "u exceptionally good conditions2 b #ce ye>s w\ld seem to be at lea/ on ! bord]s ( decrepitude4 ,gr[+ at ! tips %[s t y h n prun$ annually to induce ! gr[? ( new wood l[] d[n4 ,r5ew+ ,pea* ,or*>d4 ,:i* is ! be/ way to r5ew an old pea* or*>d8 ,! trees are ab\t #ah ye>s old1 ,muirs & ,fo/]s1 & are yield+ good crops1 b "s ( ! trees %[ decl9e4 ,is x be/ to replace ! old ones ) new trees or to plant a new or*>d 9 betwe5 ! old trees & cut out old ones :5 new trees are ?ree or f\r ye>s old8 ,if ! trees h s\nd bodies & are n badly injur$ by sunburn bor]s1 d none ( ! ?+s y m5tion1 b w\ld cut back = a new head4 ,cutt+ back %\ld be done dur+ ! latt] half ( ! dormant p]iod & ?9n+ ( %oots to prop] balance a new head %\ld be c>efully done ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,x is a h>d job to get "y trees to />t among old trees & y are apt to get a mix$ lot ( trees :i* y w n be pr\d (4 ,cut back z sugge/$ or rip out1 pl[ deeply & />t anew1 plac+ ! r[s midway betwe5 ! old r[s4 ,w ,he ,h ,pea*es8 ,i h a "y or*>d betwe5 five & six ye>s old1 mo/ly ( ! ,lovell v>iety4 ,i didn't h mu* ( a crop ?is ye>4 ,%\ld ,i h a good crop next ye>8 ,y ought to be able to tell n[ h[ full a set ( fruit buds y h4 ,if y d n "k :at ! fruit buds are1 ask "s neighbor :o kn[s pea*es to po9t !m out4 ,if y h a good %[ ( fruit buds1 ! "q 9 ,cali=nia is n :e!r !y w w9t]-kill or n1 b :e!r ! leaves held late en\gh ! prec$+ summ] & !re=e ! tree _h /r5g? en\gh to make good /rong fruit buds4 ,! late action ( ! leaves %[s t ! trees _h en\gh autumn moi/ure4 ,y w soon le>n to recognize ! condition also f ! plumpness ( ! wood :i* c>ries ! fruit buds4 ,if all has gone well s f>1 ! next po9t is to spray ) ! bordeaux mixture 9 ,novemb] or ,decemb] s t ! new wood %all n be attack$ by ! pea* blight or %o?ole fungus4 ,?is disease comes on e>ly 9 ! w9t]1 sets ! ! new b>k to gumm+ & endang]s ! crop4 ,!n if y h ,san ,jose scale1 or if y\r trees %[$ mu* curl-leaf la/ spr+1 y ought to spray be=e ! blossom buds %[ color ) ! lime-sulphur wa%4 ,suppos+ t y h good buds n[ & are will+ to protect !m z sugge/$1 y\r trees may be expect$ to come ?r\gh ) a good crop if seasonal moi/ure conditions are "r4 ,pea* ,fill]s 9 ,apple ,or*>d4 ,i h he>d "s talk aga9/ plant+ pea* fill]s 9 an apple or*>d4 ,:at is y\r op9ion on ! subject8 ,!re is no objection provid+ ! pea* is pr(itable 9 ! locality2 & t po9t y mu/ look into4 ,! pea* trees w n injure ! apples unless !y are all[$ to /& too long4 ,9 t case !y w\ld int]f]e ) ! developm5t ( ! apple4 ,graft+ ,pea* on ,almond4 ,may ,i expect to get good results by graft+ "s k9d ( pea* to #ai-ye>-old almond tree8 ,if s1 :at k9d ( pea* w be be/8 ,:5 %all ,i d graft+8 ,pea*es take to ! almond all "r4 ,cut (f & graft 9 ! bran*es above ! ma9 =k+ ( ! tree2 leav+ at lea/ "o l>ge bran* to be graft$ lat] or to be cut out entirely if y h pea* gr[? en\gh to fill ! top suffici5tly4 ,graft 9 any k9d ( pea* y f9d to be wor? gr[+4 ,graft t[>d ! latt] "p ( ! dormant season1 say :5 ! buds are swell+ = a new />t4 ,pea*es on ,apricot4 ,i h a ?ree-ye>-old pea* or*>d graft$ or budd$ on apricot roots1 & int]sp]s$ ?r\gh ! or*>d are "y apricot trees1 f half-in* to in* & a half 9 diamet]1 :i* sprang f ! root1 ! pea* bud or graft hav+ di$4 ,i budd$ ^! ov] to pea*es 9 summ]1 b ! buds all di$ = "s cause4 ,:at is n[ ! be/ c\rse to trans=m !m into pea* trees8 ,if a graft1 :at =m ( graft1 & approximately :5 %\ld x be made8 ,y c graft pea* scions into ! apricot spr\ts by tak+ ! pea* scions ( ! v>ieties y desire :ile ! tree is p]fectly dormant1 keep+ !m 9 a cool place & putt+ 9 ! grafts j z ! buds are beg9n+ to swell on ! apricot /ock4 ,! scions c be buri$ 9 ! e>? 9 ! %ade ( a f5ce or build+1 select+ a place1 h[ev]1 :i* is moi/ en\gh & yet :]e ! wat] does n ga!r4 ,! ord9>y =m ( top graft+ 9 /ems an in* or m 9 diamet] w "w well4 ,! half-in* /ems c be :ip-graft$ successfully4 ,y w h to wax well & see t ! wax coat+ is kept s\nd until ! gr[? />ts4 ,replant+ ,aft] ,root-knots4 ,9 digg+ out "s old pea* trees1 ,i f9d n[ & !n a tree affect$ ) root knot4 ,i am burn+ ! root1 ( c\rse1 b z ^! trees are scatt]$ 9 ! or*>d1 ,i wi% to plant "y trees 9 same locations1 ?us pres]v+ ! r[s4 ,c new /ock be safely put 9 ! e>? f :i* ! old tree is remov$8 ,if treatm5t ( ! soil is ess5tial1 :at is recomm5d$8 ,dig a good l>ge hole1 remov+ ! e>?1 & fill ) new e>? f betwe5 ! r[s1 & 9 ?is way heal?y gr[? ought to be obta9$1 al?\gh !re is always a disposition 9 "s trees to put on knots4 ,!y %\ld be look$ at f "t to "t & all ^? affect+ ! l>g] /em %\ld be remov$ & ! w\nd pa9t$ ) bordeaux mixture4 ,buds 9 ,be>+ ,trees4 ,9 budd+ ov] "s old pea* trees1 %\ld ,i cut away ! bran* above ! bud :5 ! latt] seems to h tak58 ,! sap fl[ to ! upp] "p ( ! bran* %\ld be *eck$ by "p girdl+ or by "p break+ or b5d+ ! top above ! bud1 aft] ! bud is se5 to h set or tak54 ,d n remove ! :ole top until ! gr[? on ! bud has />t$ out well or else y w dr[n x ) excessive sap fl[4 ,poll5 ,mu/ ,be ( ! ,same ,k9d4 ,d pea*es1 nect>9es & apricots set fruit ) ! poll5 ( "o ano!r1 & are ! v>i\s pea*es1 nect>9es & apricots self-/]ile1 or w mo/ k9ds set fruit ) _! own poll58 ,we d n c\nt ^u poll9ation betwe5 diff]5t k9ds ( fruit4 ,mo/ fruits are self-f]tile1 else we c\ld n atta9 ! practical results we d1 because x is only 9 ! plant+ ( almonds1 *]ries1 pe>s & apples t any reg>d is paid to ! association ( v>ieties = t cross-f]tilization4 ,"s fruits are m apt to be self-f]tile 9 ?is ,/ate ?an 9 o!r ,/ates :]e ! gr[+ conditions are n s favorable4 ,pea* ,budd+4 ,:i* is easi] ) ! pea*1 graft+ or budd+8 ,! pea* is r a difficult tree to graft1 & budd+1 on ! o!r h&1 is q easy4 ,y c bud into new %oots ( ?is season's gr[? 9 ,july1 &1 if necess>y1 y c improve ! slipp+ ( ! b>k by irrigation a few days be=e budd+4 ,buds c also be successfully plac$ 9 ,june 9 ! old b>k ( ! pea*1 provid+ x is n too old4 ,= ?is select well-matur$ buds f ! l>g] %oots & use r a l>g] %ield ?an 9 work+ into new %oots4 ,:5 ! buds are se5 to h tak51 ! top gr[? beyond x c be r$uc$ gradually & "s new gr[? =c$ on ! buds ! same season1 if ! sap fl[ cont9ues z x might be expect$ to d on "y trees well c>$ =4 ,graft+ on ! ,pea*4 ,w pe>s d to graft on ! pea*1 or w plums d well on ! pea*8 ,h[ soon ought !y to be> :5 graft$ on ! pea* :i* is pa/ ?ree ye>s old8 ,pe>s _c be graft$ on pea*es4 ,plums g5]ally d well on ! pea*1 & if ! grafts are tak5 f be>+ trees1 %\ld come into fruit ! second season4 ,! pea* is m difficult to graft ?an o!r fruit trees1 because ( ! dry+ back ( ! b>k4 ,be extra c>eful 9 ! wax+ & be sure t ! wax+ rema9s good until ! gr[? />ts out well ! foll[+ summ]4 ,"y ,trees ,fail+ to ,/>t4 ,"s pea* & almond trees set out la/ spr+ liv$1 b made no gr[?4 ,%\ld !y be replac$ ) new /ock8 ,if n1 :at may be expect$ ( !m8 ,if y\r inactive trees h good plump dormant buds 7?\gh !y may n be l>ge buds71 !y may make good gr[? ! com+ summ]1 if ! l& is good & ! moi/ure "r = free gr[?4 ,pea* ,plant+ 9 ,alfalfa ,sod4 ,is x advisable to plant cann+ pea*es 9 ,april1 & w ,i ga9 "t 9 gr[? & developm5t8 ,i want to set out eight acres 9 ,tuscans or ,phillips on deep ri* soil ne> ,yuba ,city4 ,i h a pump+ plant & c irrigate4 ,! l& has be5 9 alfalfa = sev]al ye>s4 ,i h 9 m9d sett+ out trees )\t di/urb+ ! alfalfa - until next pl[+ season4 ,d y ?9k x advisable to use comm]cial f]tiliz] on t5-ye>-old ,muirs8 ,plant+ ! be/ cann+ pea*es on good pea* soil ne> ,yuba ,city seems to be ab\t ! safe/ l9e ( fruit inve/m5t :i* c be und]tak54 ,we d\bt t y c get mu* gr[? f trees plant$ 9 an old /& ( alfalfa )\t "s ef=t to kill out ! plant :i* n[ occupies ! gr\nd4 ,/ill1 by deep digg+1 ?r[+ out all ! alfalfa roots & ?or\gh hoe+ dur+ ! gr[+ season & keep+ ! alfalfa m[]s f saw+ (f ! tops ( !m1 ! trees may make a good />t4 ,z ! alfalfa w h to be irrigat$1 ,april may n be too late to />t ! trees1 provid+ y c f9d nurs]y /ock :i* is /ill q dormant4 ,probably t5-ye>-old pea* trees w be v mu* improv$ by comm]cial f]tiliz]s4 ,prune on ,almond4 ,:at root is consid]$ be/ = prune trees8 ,! ran* lies above ! creek4 ,a fri5d is v p>tial to ! almond root in/ead ( ! myrobalan1 b ,i und]/& t ! prune tree sometimes outgr[s ! almond root4 ,if y h a deep r light soil :i* dra9s well & :i* !re is1 !re=e1 no dang] ( wat] /&+ dur+ ! ra9y season1 ! almond root is p]fectly satisfactory = ! prune4 ,x is a /rong-gr[+ root & keeps pace ) ! top gr[? well4 ,! prune1 9 fact1 is m apt to ov]gr[ ! myrobalan ?an ! almond1 & ! myrobalan w n d well on light soils likely to dry out z ! almond w4 ,re-graft+ ,silv] ,prunes4 ,i h five acres ( ,silv] prunes :i* produce v little fruit4 ,! trees are /rong & heal?y4 ,fr5* prune trees adjo9+ be> regul>ly & heavily4 ,c ,i graft ,fr5* prunes on ! ,silv] trees8 ,w ,silv] prune trees take o!r grafts1 su* z apricots or apples8 ,! ,silv] prune is (t5 unsatisfactory = reason ( %y be>+4 ,x is p]fectly feasible to graft ov] ! tree to ! ,fr5* prune & ?is has be5 done = ye>s by diff]5t gr[]s4 ,apricots w usually take on ! plum /ock1 b are apt to ov]-gr[ x or else be dw>f$ !mselves1 b ! apricot is (t5 work$ ^u a plum /ock4 ,apples h no graft+ aff9ity :atev] = ! plum4 ,fr5* or ,italian4 ,9 ! prune-gr[+ di/rict ar\nd ,salem1 ,oregon1 ,italian prunes are gr[n exclusively = dry+ purposes4 ,fr5* prunes 7 consid]$ wor?less4 ,"h 9 ,sutt] c\nty1 ,cali=nia1 a great _m ,fr5* prunes are gr[n & we are advis$ to plant !m1 b w\ld r plant ! ,italian prune4 ,:i* w\ld y advise u to set out 9 ?is "p ( ! ,/ate8 ,! ,italian or ,fell5b]g prune 0 gr[n to "s ext5t 9 ,cali=nia #dj ye>s & ab&on$2 x 0 n s sure 9 be>+ z ! ,fr5*1 & x 0 n ! type ( prune :i* we _h ambition to excel )4 ,! prune :i* we gr[ z ! ,fr5* is ! true prune or plum ( ,ag54 ,we %\ld plant x & let ! ,oregon p h ! ,italian4 ,myrobalan ,se$l+s4 ,i am s5d+ two small plums :i* ,i am told are ,myrobalan plum4 ,i desire to gr[ se$l+s on :i* lat] to bud & graft ,fr5* prunes4 ,if ^! are ,myrobalan plums1 w trees f !m be z good z trees f pits t 7 import$8 ,! fruits are ,myrobalan plums1 & _! se$l+s w\ld be suitable = ! ,fr5* prune1 provid+ ! trees :i* be> !m are /rong1 ?rifty gr[+ trees4 ,!re is great v>iation 9 ! colors ( ! ,myrobalan se$l+s1 f light yell[ to d>k r$1 & x is ! satisfactory gr[? ( ! tree r ?an ! "* ( ! fruit :i* "o has to be> 9 m9d :5 gr[+ se$l+s f select$ trees in/ead ( dep5d+ s l>gely on import$ se$l+s4 ,dry+ ,plums & ,prunes4 ,i h plum trees ( v>i\s k9ds t are load$ ) fruit4 ,i d n "k if any are ( ! v>iety us$ = dry+ z prunes3 ,i "k no?+ ( ! process ( mak+ or dry+ prunes4 ,"o man sugge/s t ,i dip !m = f\r or live m9utes 9 a #c or #d p] c5t solution ( lye & !n place !m 9 ! sun4 ,dipp+ y\r plums is "r provid+ !y are v sweet1 z !y w dry l prunes )\t remov+ ! pit4 ,if !y are plums t are comm]cially us$ = %ipp+1 )\t en\gh sug> to dry z prunes1 ! pit mu/ be remov$4 ,dry+ 9 ?is way1 y d n ne$ to use lye1 :i* is simply = ! purpose ( crack+ ! sk9 s t ! moi/ure c be m readily evaporat$4 ,!re is no dang] 9 us+ ! necess>y am\nt ( lye4 ,less is us$ ?an 9 mak+ hom9y4 ,! ,sug> ,prune4 ,:at is ! comm]cial value ( ! ,sug> prune8 ,is !re any o!r e>ly rip5+ v>iety bett] ?an ! ,sug>8 ,x is sell+ v well z a cur$ prune1 & gr[]s 9 ! nor!rn bay c\nties especially h done s well t !y are ext5d+ _! plant+s4 ,x is co>s] 9 fle% ?an ! ,fr5* & g5]ally flatt] 9 flavor :5 cook$ & ?us falls bel[ ! ideal ( a cur$ prune1 b x has comp5sat+ *>act]s1 su* z e>ly rip5+1 ) :i* no o!r prune comp>es4 ,! ,sug> is also valuable z a %ipp+ plum to ,ea/]n m>kets4 ,gloss+ ,dri$ ,prunes4 ,w y give ! me?od = giv+ ! gloss to dri$ ,fr5* prunes8 ,!re are v>i\s me?ods4 ,"o p\nd ( glyc]9e to #bj gallons ( wat]2 a quick dip 9 ! mixture v hot gives a good f9i%4 ,:]e a cle> bloom r ?an a %9e1 is desir$1 five p\nds ( common salt to #ajj gallons ( wat]1 also dipp$ hot1 gives a good effect4 ,"s use a ?9 syrup made by boil+ small prunes 9 wat] 7by /ove or /eam7 & ?9n+ ) wat] to produce ! result desir$4 ,/eam cook+ avoids bad flavor by burn+4 ,! salt dip is probably ! mo/ widely us$4 ,price ( ,prunes on a ,size ,basis4 ,expla9 ! grad+ 9 price ( prunes4 ,= in/ance1 if ! base price is1 say1 five & ?ree-f\r?s c5ts1 :at size does ?is ref] to1 & h[ is ! price = o!r sizes calculat$8 ,also1 :at is ! mean+ ( ! phrase f\r-size basis8 ,prunes1 aft] be+ sold to ! pack]1 are grad$ into diff]5t sizes1 accord+ to ! numb] requir$ to make a p\nd1 & paid = on t basis4 ,! f\r regul> sizes are #fj-gjs1 #gj-hjs1 #hj-ijs1 & #ij-ajjs1 :i* means t f #fj to #gj prunes are requir$ to make a p\nd1 & s on4 ,! basis price is = prunes t weigh #hj to ! p\nd4 ,:5 ! basis price is #e #c_/d c5ts1 #hj-ijs are wor? #a_/d c5t less ?an ?is am\nt1 or #e #a_/b c5ts4 ,! next small] size1 #ij-ajjs1 are wor? #a_/b c5t less1 or #e c5ts1 :ile prunes "u ?is size are little b sk9 & pit & br+ mu* less to ! gr[]4 ,= ea* next l>g] size !re is a diff]5ce ( #a_/b c5t 9 favor ( ! gr[]1 s t on ! #e #c_/d-;c5t basis #gj-hjs are wor? #f c5ts1 & #fj-gjs #f #a_/b c5ts4 ,?is advance cont9ues = ! l>g] sizes1 #cj-djs1 #dj-ejs1 etc41 b ^! q (t5 comm& a premium besides1 :i* is fix$ accord+ to ! supplies available & ! dem& = ! v>i\s sizes4 ,! sizes = :i* no premium or p5alty is g5]ally fix$ are ^? f #fj to #ajj1 f\r sizes1 s t ?is basis ( mak+ contracts & sales is call$ ! f\r-size basis4 ,! advantage t results 9 hav+ ?is me?od ( sell+ prunes c be se5 by ! fact t on a #e #c_/d-;c5t basis ! smalle/ ( ! f\r sizes w br+ b #e c5ts a p\nd1 :ile #cj-djs w\ld br+1 )\t any premium1 #h #a_/b c5ts1 & ) #a c5t premium1 #i #a_/b c5ts4 ,?is size has ?is season br\ght z high z #aj & #aa c5ts a p\nd4 ,x may be not$ "h t no prunes are actually sold at j ! basis price1 z !y are wor? ei!r less or m ?an ?is z !y are small] or l>g] ?an #hj to ! p\nd4 ,no matt] :at ! basis price is1 !re is a diff]5ce ( "o-half c5t betwe5 ea* size & ! sizes ne>e/ to x4 ,poll9iz+ ,plums4 ,h[ _m r[s ( ,robe de ,s]geant prune trees %\ld be alt]nat$ ) ! ,fr5* prune 7! common dri$ prune ( comm]ce7 to insure p]fect f]tilization ( ! blossoms8 ,! ,fr5* prune is self-f]tile2 t is1 x does n require ! pres5ce ( o!r plum species = poll9ation ( ! blossoms4 ,x is ! ,robe de ,s]geant prune :i* is defective 9 poll9ation & :i* is presumably assi/$ by proximity to ! ,fr5* prune4 ,if y wi% to gr[ ,robe de ,s]geant prunes y\r "q ( int]plant+ w\ld be p]t95t1 b if y desire only to gr[ ,fr5* prunes y ne$ n plant ! ,robe de ,s]geant at all4 ,cultivat+ ,olives4 ,h[ deep %\ld an olive or*>d be pl[$8 ,i 0 told t by pl[+ deep ,i w\ld injure my trees1 9 cutt+ up small rootlets & fibres :i* ! olive ext5ds ?r\gh ! surface soil4 ,is ?is s or n8 ,pl[+ olives is l pl[+ o!r trees1 ! purpose be+ to get a workable soil deep en\gh to /& five or six in*es ( summ] cultivation1 usually4 ,if y h old trees :i* h nev] be5 deeply pl[$1 y w\ld de/roy a lot ( roots by deep pl[+1 & y %\ld n />t 9 & rip up all ! l& at once4 ,y c gradually deep5 ! pl[+1 sacrific+ few] roots at a "t1 )\t injur+ ! trees if !y are o!rwise well circum/anc$4 ,small rootlets & fibres 9 ! surface soil d n c\nt2 !y are quickly replac$1 & if y d n de/roy !m1 ! :ole surface soil1 if moi/ en\gh1 w be fill$ ) a network ( roots :i* w subsequ5tly make dec5t work+ ( ! soil impossible4 ,mov+ ,old ,olive ,trees4 ,w\ld !re be any?+ ga9$ by transplant+ old olive trees #f to #h in*es 9 diamet] ov] nurs]y /ock8 ,!y w\ld h to be %ipp$ f ,santa ,cl>a to ,butte c\nty & graft$4 ,w\ld !y come into be>+ any soon] & be z good trees8 ,c\ld ! l>ge limbs be us$ to advantage8 ,w\ld ! fact t !y are cov]$ ) smut cause any tr\ble8 ,old olive trees c be successfully mov$ a long di/ance by cutt+ back1 tak+ up a ball ( e>?1 & possibly a %ort di/ance ) b>e roots if ev]y?+ is favorable4 ,b d n = a mom5t ?9k !m wor? su* an outlay = labor1 freight & haul+ :i* su* a movem5t z y m5tion involves4 ,! trees on arrival w\ld probably only be firewood1 & if !y liv$1 ! "t requir$ 9 gett+ a good gr[? & graft+1 etc41 w\ld p]haps be z great z 9 br++ a "y tree ( ! "r k9d to be>+1 & ! latt] w\ld be a bett] tree 9 e way4 ,l>ge limbs c be split & us$ z cutt+s1 b ! tree w\ld be gr[? on "o side & decay on ! o!r4 ,use ! small] limbs = h>d-wood cutt+s & ! balance = firewood4 ,! smut %[s t ! trees are cov]$ ) scale insects & might indicate t x is bett] to burn up ! :ole outfit unless y le>n to fight !m4 ,d>k5+ ,pickl$ ,olives4 ,is !re any?+ t w make olives keep _! black color :5 put into lye8 ,:5 ,i put my fir/ pick+ ( ripe olives 9 lye1 a l>ge "p ( !m turn gre51 ! black leav+ ! fruit4 ,my =mula is "o p\nd ( lye to five gallons ( wat]4 ,h y any bett] =mula8 ,by expos+ ! olives to ! light & air1 ei!r dur+ ! salt+ or imm$iately aft]1 ripe olives may be giv5 a uni=mly black color4 ,also1 fruit :i* is less ripe & :i* %[s r$ & gre5 pat*es aft] process+ ) lye1 becomes an almo/ uni=m d>k br[n color4 ,to d ?is1 ! olives are remov$ f ! br9e & expos$ to light & air freely = "o or two days4 ,y\r lye 0 /rong] ?an necess>y4 ,) ripe olives x is desirable to use salt & lye toge!r to prev5t s(t5+1 & ! common prescription is two ounces ( pota% lye & f\r ounces ( salt to ! gallon ( wat] aft] ! bitt]ness is l>gely remov$ by us+ "o or two treatm5ts ) two ounces ( lye to ! gallon )\t ! salt4 ,x is necess>y to draw (f ! solution1 r9se well1 & put on fre% solution sev]al times dur+ ! process to get ! be/ results4 ,se$l+ ,olives ,mu/ ,be ,graft$4 ,w olive trees gr[n f ! olive se$ be ! "r ?+ to plant8 ,w !y be true to ! p>5t tree or w !y h to be graft$8 ,olives :i* a se$l+ olive tree w be> w be1 z a rule1 v inf]ior & g5]ally ( ! type ( ! wild olive4 ,all su* trees mu/ be graft$ 9 ord] to produce any p>ticul> v>iety :i* y desire4 ,olives1 ,oranges & ,pepp]s4 ,we h be5 told t olive trees easily become infe/$ ) a fungus disease :i* !y !n imp>t to ! orange tree4 ,! same objection is rais$ to ! plant+ ( pepp] trees4 ,may ?is be true 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,/ate & n 9 o!rs8 ,! fungus ( :i* y h he>d is ! black smut4 ,x is a result1 n a cause4 ,x gr[s on ! honey dew exud$ f scale insects & if y\r trees h no scale !y h no fungus4 ,! olive trees & pepp] trees may communicate ?is tr\ble to citrus trees1 or vice v]sa - :i*ev] gets x fir/ gives x away to ! o!r4 ,if y w "w h>d en\gh to kill ! scale :]ev] x appe>s y c h all ^! trees1 b1 ( c\rse1 x co/s a lot to fight scale on big pepp] trees1 & x is1 !re=e1 wise/ usually to *oose an ornam5tal tree n likely to accept ! scale4 ,budd+ ,olive ,se$l+s4 ,i h plant$ olive se$s :i* are j spr\t+ n[4 ,c ^! be budd$ next ,june or ,july 9 ! nurs]y r[1 or c !y be b5*-graft$ ! foll[+ w9t]8 ,y\r se$l+s may make gr[? en\gh to spur-bud ?is summ]4 ,! ord9>y plate-bud does n take freely ) ! olive4 ,"s ( !m may d ?is2 o!r se$l+s may be sl[ & h to be budd$ 9 ! second summ]4 ,wat* ! size & ! sap fl[ s t ! b>k w lift well - :i* may n be at j ! "t t decidu\s trees are budd$4 ,x may be bo? e>li] or lat] 9 ! season4 ,graft ev]gre5s l ! olive 9 ! nurs]y r[2 n by b5* graft+4 ,budd+ ,old ,olives4 ,i h se$l+ olive trees1 set out 9 #aijd1 :i* ,i wi% to *ange ov] to ! ,ascolano v>iety4 ,:i* is ! be/ way to d x1 by budd+ or graft+1 & :at is ! prop] "t8 ,twig-budd+ br+s ! sap ( ! /ock to be> ^u a "y lat]al or tip bud1 :i* is mu* easi] to />t ?an dormant buds us$ ei!r z buds or grafts4 ,a %ort twig ab\t an in* & a half 9 l5g? is tak5 ) "s ( ! b>k ( ! small bran* f :i* x />ts1 & bo? twig & b>k at its base are put 9 a b>k slit l an ord9>y %ield bud & ti$ closely ) a wax$ b&1 al?\gh if ! sap is mov+ freely x w\ld probably d ) a /r+ or raffia tie4 ,put 9 su* buds z gr[? is />t+ 9 ! spr+4 ,olives f ,small ,cutt+s4 ,9 ! root+ ( small s(t-wood olive cutt+s is x necess>y to cov] same ) glass - say p]haps prep>e a cold-frame & put /able manure 9 ! bottom ) ab\t eight in*es ( s& on top8 ,x ceases to be a cold-frame :5 y cov] 9 manure = bottom heat2 x becomes a hotb$4 ,v>ieties ( olives diff] greatly 9 ! read9ess ) :i* !y />t f small cutt+s4 ,"s />t freely & gr[ well 9 boxes ( s& "u p>tial %ade - l a la? h\se or cov]4 ,"s ne$ bottom heat 9 su* a hotb$ z y describe ) a clo? ov]2 "s />t well 9 a cold-frame ) a la? cov]4 ,to get ! be/ results ) all k9ds1 x is saf] to use "s m heat ?an comes f exposure to ord9>y temp]atures - ei!r by conc5tration1 z 9 a cov]$ frame1 or by a mild bottom heat4 ,if y h glass frames or gre5h\se1 !y are1 ( c\rse1 desirable1 b mu* c be done )\t t exp5se4 ,olives f ,l>ge ,cutt+s4 ,i am ab\t to take olive cutt+s f "o-half to "o in* ?ick & #ed to #bj in*es long1 & wi% to root !m 9 nurs]y r[s4 ,please advise me if x is necess>y to plant "u half %ade8 ,also1 c same be plant$ out "r away1 or %\ld !y be buri$ 9 tr5*es = a :ile be=e sett+ out8 ,w\ld x be be/ to /rip all leaves or bran*es (f1 or leave "o on8 ,h[ _m buds %\ld be left above gr\nd8 ,plant 9 op5 gr\nd 9 ! coa/ di/rict g5]ally2 9 ! int]ior a la? 7or litt] %ade n too d5se7 is desirable 9 places :]e high dry heat is expect$ & :]e spr9kl+ "u ! cov] may be desirable4 ,plant out :5 ! soil is "r z to w>m? & moi/ure1 :i* is usually a little lat] ?an ?is 9 ! c5tral & nor!rn p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,remove all leaves & twigs & plant ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! l5g? 9 ! soil1 :i* %\ld be a well-dra9$ s&y loam4 ,! cutt+s c be tak5 directly f ! trees & ne$ n be b$d$4 ,if ! cutt+s come "s di/ance & get end-dri$1 make a fre% cut at plant+4 ,if %rivel$ at all1 soak a few h\rs 9 wat] be=e plant+ out4 ,trimm+ ,up ,olives4 ,limbs are %oot+ out too l[ on my olive trees4 ,w\ld x be "r to trim !m up :ile dormant ?is w9t]1 or %\ld ,i let !m gr[ ano!r ye> be=e do+ s8 ,i ?9k ,i want ! fir/ limbs to />t at #ah to #bj in*es above ! gr\nd4 ,take (f ! l[] %oots :5ev] y\r knife is %>p4 ,d n let !m gr[ ano!r ye>4 ,!oretically1 ! be/ "t to remove !m is t[>d ! end ( ! dormant season1 b if !y are n l>ge z comp>$ ) ! :ole gr[? ( ! tree1 g to x any "t4 ,cann+ ,olives4 ,:at is ! recipe = pres]v+ olives by heat1 & h[ long d !y h to rema9 9 ! heat$ /ate8 ,cann+ olives is a process1 n a recipe1 & x has to be op]at$ ) judgm5t4 ,x resembles1 ( c\rse1 ! common process ( cann+ o!r fruits & vegetables4 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ t heat+ up to #age ,fahr5heit is effective to keep olives 9 seal$ conta9]s = ov] two ye>s4 ,! heat+ 0 done 9 ! j>s 9 ! usual cann+ way = sev]al m9utes aft] #age 0 rea*$1 to be sure ! cont5ts 7 heat$ ?r\gh4 ,r5ew+ ,olive ,trees4 ,i h olive trees on fir/-class l&2 no pe/ ( any k9d is app>5t4 ,! trees look heal?y 9 e way1 & av]age ab\t #ab in*es at ! butt & #cj feet high4 ,!y h borne fruit1 b = ! la/ ?ree ye>s h n borne4 ,i am advis$ to cut back to /umps1 #e or #f feet high1 & />t new tops4 ,unsatisfactory olive trees may be cut back1 b n to su* an ext5t z y m5tion4 ,?9 out ! bran*es if too ?ick & cut back or remove ^? :i* int]f]e1 b to cut back to a /ump w\ld =ce out a v ?ick mass ( bru% :i* y w\ld h to aft]w>d g into & ?9 out desp]ately4 ,! bran*es :i* y decide to reta9 may be cut back to twelve or fifte5 feet f ! gr\nd4 ,?is w\ld h ! effect ( giv+ y pl5ty ( new ?rifty wood1 :i* is desirable = ! fruit+ ( ! olive1 b we _c gu>antee t ?is treatm5t w make ! trees satisfactory be>]s4 ,are y sure !y are receiv+ wat] en\gh8 ,if n1 give !m m next summ]4 ,also give ! l& a good coat ( /able manure & pl[ "u :5 ! l& is "r = ! pl[4 ,gr[+ ,olives f ,se$4 ,h[ are se$l+s gr[n f olive se$s8 ,gr[+ olives f se$s is promot$ by assi/+ nature to break ! h>d %ell4 ,?is c be done by p9*+ c>efully ) ord9>y wire pli]s until ! %ell cracks )\t injury to ! k]nel1 or ! %ell may be cut into ) a file1 mak+ a v small ap]ture to admit moi/ure4 ,! ,fr5* h specially contriv$ pli]s ) a /op :i* admits crack+ & prev5ts cru%+4 ,olive se$s 9 _! natural condition g]m9ate sl[ly & irregul>ly4 ,!y mu/ be kept moi/ & plant$ ab\t an in* deep 9 s&y loam1 cov]+ ) *aff or litt] to prev5t dry+ ( ! surface4 ,be=e exp]im5t+ ) olive pits1 crack a few to see if !y h good plump k]nels4 ,se$l+ olives mu/ be graft$1 ( c\rse1 to be sure ( gett+ ! v>iety y want4 ,= ?is reason gr[? f cutt+s is almo/ univ]sal4 ,neglect$ ,olive ,trees4 ,i h a lot ( olive trees :i* h gr[n up ar\nd ! old /umps4 ,!y are l>ge trees & "s ( !m h six or eight trunks4 ,%\ld ,i cut away all b "o trunk or let !m alone8 ,!re are "s ( ! trees ) small olives2 o!rs none4 ,if ! olive trees :i* 7 orig9ally plant$ 7 tra9$ at fir/ & /ill h a good trunk & tree =m1 ! suck]s :i* h intrud$ f bel[ %\ld be remov$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! trees h be5 all[$ to gr[ _m bran*es f bel[1 s t !re is really no s+le tree rema9+1 make a selection ( f\r or five ( ! be/ %oots & gr[ ! trees 9 l>ge bu% =m1 %ort5+ 9 ! high] gr[? s z to br+ ! fruit )9 easi] rea* & r$uce ! co/ ( pick+4 ,y c also develop a s+le %oot into a tree z y sugge/4 ,( c\rse1 y mu/ det]m9e :e!r ! trees z !y n[ /& are ( a v>iety :i* is wor? gr[+4 ,if !y are all be>+ v small fruit1 x w\ld be a "q :e!r !y 7 wor? keep+ at all1 because graft+ on ! k9d ( gr[? :i* y describe w\ld be unlikely to yield satisfactory tree =ms1 ?\gh y might get a good deal ( fruit f !m4 ,olives f ,cutt+s4 ,i h two *oice olive trees on my place4 ,i am anxi\s to get trees f ^! old ones & d n "k h[ to g ab\t x4 ,c ,i gr[ ! "y trees by us+ cutt+s or slips f ^! old trees 8 ,if s1 :5 is ! prop] "t to select ! cutt+s1 & h[ %\ld !y be plant$8 ,take cutt+s ( old wood1 "o-half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 ab\t t5 in*es long1 & plant !m ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( _! l5g? 9 a s&y loam soil 9 a r[ s wat] c be run alongside z may be necess>y to keep ! soil moi/ b n too wet4 ,su* dormant cutt+s c be put 9 :5 ! soil beg9s to w>m up ) ! spr+ sun%9e4 ,!y c be put 9 ! places :]e y desire !m to gr[ 9 "o or two ye>s4 ,olives1 l o!r ev]gre5 trees1 %\ld be transplant$ 9 ! spr+ :5 !re is heat en\gh to induce !m to take hold at once 9 _! new places1 & n dur+ ! w9t] :5 dormant decidu\s trees are be/ transplant$4 ,wat] & ,fro/4 ,i h 9 m9d two pieces ( l& well adapt$ to citrus culture4 ,bo? h ! same elevation1 soil1 climate & wat] conditions1 except t "o piece is a mile ( ! ,kaweah riv]1 :ile ! o!r is f\r or five miles di/ant4 ,9 case ( a fro/1 all conditions be+ ab\t ! same1 :i* piece w\ld y consid] to be liable to suff] ! m8 ,9 ! heavy fro/ ( la/ ,decemb]1 :ile nei!r su/a9$ any great damage1 t portion ( ! gr\nd ne>] ! riv] seem$ to su/a9 ! less4 ,is ?is correct 9 !ory8 ,! ,kaweah riv] at ?is po9t is a good-siz$ /ream ( rapidly fl[+ wat]4 ,! l& ne> ! riv]1 conditions ( elevation be+ simil>1 w\ld be less liable to fro/4 ,!re are a good _m in/ances :]e ! pres5ce ( a consid]able body ( wat] prev5ts ! l[]+ ( ! temp]ature ( ! air imm$iately adjac5t4 ,x is s at v>i\s po9ts along ! ,sacram5to riv]1 & x is recogniz$ z a g5]al pr9ciple t bodies ( wat] ex]t a w>m+ influ5ce ^u _! imm$iate environm5t ev5 9 regions ) a h>d w9t]4 ,h[ mu* x may c\nt = mu/ be det]m9$ by tak+ o!r conditions into ! acc\nt also4 ,?9n+ ,oranges4 ,is x advisable to ?9 fruit on "y citrus trees8 ,our trees h be5 be>+ ab\t ?ree ye>s1 b !y are /ill small trees4 ,! oranges & grape fruit rip5 well & are l>ge & ( excell5t quality1 b ! trees seem ov]load$4 ,! size ( oranges on ov]-burd5$ trees c be increas$ by ?9n+1 j z o!r fruits are enl>g$1 b x is n sy/ematically und]tak5 z ) pea*es & apricots1 because x is n s necess>y & because x is easy to get oranges on "y trees too l>ge & to be disc\nt$ = ov]-siz$ co>se fruit4 ,remov+ "p ( ! fruit f "y trees is (t5 done - = ! good ( ! tree1 n = ! good ( ! fruit4 ,x %\ld be done aft] ! natural drop takes place1 dur+ ! summ]4 ,w9d-bl[n ,orange ,trees4 ,:at w\ld y d = citrus trees five ye>s old t h be5 badly bl[n out ( %ape8 ,su* trees mu/ be tru$ up by prun+ into ! w9d2 t is1 cutt+ to outside buds on ! w9dw>d side & to inside buds on ! lee side2 also r$uc+ ! weight by prun+ away bran*es :i* h be5 bl[n too f> to ! leew>d4 ,sometimes trees c be /raight5$ by mov+ "p ( ! soil & pull+ into ! w9d & brac+ !re by a good prop on ! leew>d side1 b t1 ( c\rse1 is n practicable if ! trees h atta9$ too mu* size4 ,h&l+ ,ball$ ,citrus ,trees4 ,i h "s orange & lemon trees :i* 7 s5t me ) _! roots ball$ up ) dirt & sacks4 ,z we are /ill hav+ fro/s ,i h n want$ to set !m out4 ,w\ld x n be bett] to let !m /ay z !y are & keep ! sacks wet 7!y h a sack box ov] !m7 ?an to put !m out :ile ! fro/s la/8 ,y\r citrus trees w n be injur$ = a "t unless mold %\ld set 9 f ! wet sacks4 ,get !m into ! gr\nd z soon z ! soil comes into good condition1 & cov] ! top = a "t aft] !y are plant$ to protect !m aga9/ fro/s4 ,?is w\ld be bett] ?an to hold !m too long 9 ! balls1 b d n plant 9 cold1 wet soil2 hold !m long] z !y are4 ,! ,navel ,n ,?ornless4 ,i h lately pur*as$ "s ,wa%+ton navel orange trees1 & ^u arrival ,i f9d !y h ?orns ^u !m4 ,i ?\ght ! ,wa%+ton navels 7 ?ornless4 ,! navel orange tree is n ?ornless4 ,x is describ$ z a m$ium ?orny v>iety1 s t ! f9d+ ( ?orns ^u ! trees w\ld n be 9 itself suffici5t indication t !y 7 n ( ! "r v>iety4 ,ov]-size ,oranges4 ,i h "s orange trees 9 a dis9tegrat$ granite ) a good _m small pieces ( rock /ill rema9+ 9 ! soil4 ,:at ,i wi% to "k is :e!r x is probably some?+ 9 ! soil t makes !m gr[ too l>ge1 or is x probably ! me?od ( treatm5t8 ,:at treatm5t %\ld be adopt$ to gu>d aga9/ ?is excessive gr[?8 ,"y trees h a natural disposition to produce outside sizes ( fruit1 & ?is is sometimes aggravat$ by excessive use ( f]tiliz]s1 sometimes by ov]-irrigation4 ,we w\ld cease to f]tilize = a "t & to regulate irrigation s t ! trees w h en\gh to be ?rifty )\t und]tak+ excessive gr[?4 ,su* soil z y describe is sometimes v ri* at ! beg9n+ 9 available plant food1 & f]tilization %\ld be delay$ until ?is excess has be5 appropriat$ by ! tree4 ,budd+ or ,graft+ 9 ,orange ,or*>d4 ,i h l& n[ ready to be plant$ to oranges1 b x is impossible = me to buy ! necess>y budd$ /ock n[ or ev5 lat] ?is ye>4 ,w\ld y advise me to plant ! s\r /ock z x comes f ! nurs]y & h x budd$ or cr[n-budd$ lat]8 ,are !re any real objections to ?is me?od1 &1 if s1 :at are !y8 ,x is p]fectly feasible to plant s\r-/ock se$l+s & to graft !m aft]w>d to :atev] v>iety ( oranges y desire to gr[1 b x is und\bt$ly bett] to pay a pretty good price = budd$ trees ( ! k9d y desire r ?an incur ! delay & ! irregul> gr[? ( "y trees budd$ or graft$ 9 ! field4 ,!re is also dang] ( an irregul> /& f accid5tal injuries to new gr[? />t$ 9 ! field )\t ! protection :i* x f9ds 9 ! nurs]y r[4 ,budd+ ,oranges4 ,h[ late 9 ! fall c budd+ ( orange trees be done - plants t are two ye>s old - & :at advantage1 if any1 is late budd+8 ,:at %all ,i d ) "s old trees t 7 budd$ ab\t two mon?s ago & are /ill gre5 b n spr\t$ yet8 ,! budd+ 0 done on "y %oots4 ,late budd+ ( ! orange c be done z late z ! b>k w slip well2 usually1 h[ev]1 n q s late z ?is4 ,su* buds are pref]r$ because 9 ! exp]i5ce ( mo/ p !y make /rong] gr[? ?an ^? put 9 9 ! spr+4 ,su* buds are n expect$ to gr[ until ! l[e/ temp]atures ( ! w9t] are ov]4 ,! buds :i* y speak ( z gre5 b /ill dormant are do+ j :at !y ought to d4 ,!y w />t :5 !y get ready4 ,"u-prun+ ( ,orange ,trees4 ,my ,wa%+ton ,navels h a v heavy crop on ! l[] limbs1 z is usual4 ,^! bran*es are s l[ d[n t _m ( ! oranges lie on ! gr\nd1 & x takes a good deal ( "t to prop !m up s t !y w n t\* ! gr\nd4 ,:at w\ld be ! result ( prun+ (f ^! l[ bran*es1 aft] ! fruit is (f8 ,w ! same am\nt ( fruit be produc$ by ! fruit gr[+ on ! limbs high] up8 ,c]ta9ly1 raise ! bran*es ( ! orange trees by remov+ ! l[e/ bran*es or p>ts ( bran*es :i* rea* to ! gr\nd4 ,a little lat] o!rs w sag d[n & ?is "u-prun+ w h to be cont9u\s4 ,x w\ld be bett] to d ?is ?an to und]take any radical removal ( ! l[] bran*es4 ,! progressive removal z becomes necess>y w n appreciably r$uce ! fruit+ & w be 9 _m ways desirable4 ,keep+ ,citrus ,trees ,l[4 ,my tang]9es la/ fall %ot up l lemon trees - a doz5 to tw5ty %oots two or ?ree feet high4 ,! trees are eight ye>s old & are load$ ) bloom & "s ( ! %oots h buds & bloom cle> to ! top4 ,"s %oots h no bloom4 ,:at %\ld ,i d ) ^! %oots8 ,cut !m back l lemons or let !m rema98 ,y mu/ %ort5 ! %oots if y desire to h a l[ tree4 ,?is w cause _! bran*+ & x w be necess>y1 !re=e1 to remove "s ( ! %oots entirely1 ei!r n[ or lat]1 9 ord] t ! tree w n become too compact4 ,dy+ ,back ( ,fruit ,trees4 ,i h a few orange & lemon trees t are />t+ to die4 ,"o tree has di$ on ! top4 ,:at k9d ( spray %all ,i use8 ,! dy+ back ( a tree at ! top indicates t ! tr\ble is 9 ! roots1 & x is usually due to /&+ wat] 9 ! soil1 result+ ei!r f excessive application ( wat] or because ! soil is too ret5tive to di/ribute an am\nt ( wat] :i* might n be excessive on a light] soil :i* w\ld all[ ( its fre] movem5t4 ,dig d[n ne> ! tree & see if y h n a muddy subsoil4 ,! same tr\ble w\ld result if ! subsoil is too dry1 & t also y c asc]ta9 by digg+4 ,if y f9d moi/ure ample1 & yet n excessive1 ! injury to ! root might be due to ! pres5ce ( alkali1 or to excessive use ( f]tiliz]s4 ,! cause ( ! tr\ble has to be det]m9$ by local exam9ation & _c be prescrib$ on ! basis ( a description ( ! plant4 ,x _c be cur$ by spray+ unless specific p>asite is f\nd :i* c be kill$ by x4 ,"y ,trees ,dropp+ ,fruit4 ,i h a few citrus fruit trees ab\t ?ree ye>s old4 ,!y h made a good gr[? & are betwe5 sev5 & eight feet high ) a good %ap$ top or head4 ,i did n expect any fruit la/ ye> & did n h any4 ,?is spr+ !y blossom$ irregul>ly at bloom+ "t1 b q an am\nt ( fruit set & grew z l>ge z m>bles1 "s ( x ! size ( a walnut1 b lately x has ab\t all fall5 (f ! trees4 ,!re is always m or less dropp+ f fruit trees4 ,"s ye>s l>ge numb]s ( oranges drop4 ,!re may be _m causes1 & ! tr\ble has ?us f> n be5 f\nd prev5table4 ,:5 ! foliage is good & ! gr[? satisfactory1 ! "y tree is c]ta9ly n 9 ne$ ( any?+4 ,x is r m likely t fruit is dropp$ by ! "y trees ow+ to _! excessive vegetative vigor1 = x is a g5]al fact t fruit trees :i* are gr[+ v fa/ are less c]ta9 9 fruit-sett+4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 possible t y h be5 =c+ su* action by too free use ( wat]4 ,y w d well to let y\r trees g along s long z !y appe> ?rifty & satisfactory1 & expect bett] fruit+ :5 !y become old]4 ,orange ,tra9+4 ,is n a s+le lead] 9 an orange tree m desirable ?an ! mu*-=k$ tree s commonly se56 ,c a s+le-lead] tree be made f ! nurs]y trees :i* h already =m$ _! heads1 by cutt+ (f ! heads bel[ s t only a /raight /ick )\t any bran*es is left8 ,an orange tree ) a c5tral lead] w\ld n be at all satisfactory if x 7 c>ri$ v high4 ,( c\rse1 a c5tral /em c be to advantage tak5 high] ?an x is (t5 done1 b we w\ld n ?9k ( gr[+ an orange tree ) a c5tral /em to ! apex4 ,! lat]als w\ld droop1 cr[d d[n ^u ea* o!r badly1 op5 ! c5t] to sunburn1 & enc\rage also a gr[? ( c5tral suck]s & occasion an am\nt ( prun+ altoge!r beyond :at is necess>y ) a prop]ly bran*$ tree )\t a c5tral /em4 ,cur+ ,citron4 ,i wi% to "k a way to cure citrons at home4 ,i h a f9e tree t has borne v f9e-look+ fruit = ! pa/ two ye>s4 ,an outl9e = ! prep>ation ( c&i$ citron is z foll[s3 ,! fruit1 be=e assum+ a yell[ color1 & also :5 bright yell[1 is pick$ & plac$ 9 b>rels fill$ ) br9e1 & left = at lea/ a mon?4 ,! br9e is r5ew$ sev]al times1 & ! fruit all[$ to rema9 9 x until requir$ = use1 (t5 = a p]iod ( f\r or five mon?s4 ,:5 ! citrons are to be c&i$ !y are tak5 f ! b>rels & boil$ 9 fre% wat] to s(t5 !m4 ,!y are !n cut into halves1 ! se$ & pulp are remov$1 & ! fruit is aga9 imm]s$ 9 cold wat]1 soon becom+ ( a gre5i% color4 ,aft] ?is x is plac$ 9 l>ge e>!n j>s1 cov]$ ) hot syrup1 & all[$ to /& ab\t ?ree weeks4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! /r5g? ( ! syrup is gradually increas$4 ,! fruit is !n put into boil]s ) cry/alliz$ sug> dissolv$ 9 a small quantity ( wat]1 & cook$2 !n all[$ to cool1 & boil$ aga9 until x w take up no m sug>4 ,x is !n dri$ & pack$ 9 wood5 boxes4 ,crops ,betwe5 ,orange ,trees4 ,:at crop c ,i plant betwe5 r[s ( "y orange trees to utilize ! gr\nd z well z pay a little some?+8 ,x dep5ds n alone ^u :at w gr[1 b ^u :at c be pr(itably sold or us$ on ! place1 & unless sure ( t1 x is usually bett] n to und]take plant+ betwe5 "y trees b r to cultivate well1 irrigate intellig5tly1 & tru/ = ! rew>d 9 a bett] gr[? & lat] productiv5ess ( ! trees4 ,x is cle>1 ,cali=nia exp]i5ce t plant+ betwe5 trees except to ?+s :i* are demon/rat$ to be pr(itable %\ld n be und]tak51 & :]e "o does n ne$ imm$iate returns is1 z a rule1 undesirable4 ,! gr[? ( a /rip ( alfalfa1 if "o is c>eful n to subm]ge ! trees by ov]-irrigation1 w\ld be ! be/ ?+ "o c\ld und]take = ! purpose ( improv+ ! soil by increas+ ! humus cont5t1 r$uc+ ! am\nt ( reflect$ heat f a clean surface1 & is o!rwise desirable :]ev] moi/ure is available = x4 ,y c\ld also gr[ c[ peas = ! good ( ! l& if n = o!r pr(it4 ,y c1 ( c\rse1 gr[ small fruits & vegetables = home use if y w cultivate well4 ,common field crops1 ) scant cultivation1 w g5]ally cause y to lose m f ! bad condition 9 :i* !y leave ! soil ?an y c ga9 f ! use or sale ( ! crop4 ,navels & ,val5cias4 ,navel trees are be+ budd$ to ,val5cias 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia1 because ( ! high] price receiv$ = ! late-rip5+ ,val5cias4 ,are ! or*>ds 9 c5tral & nor!rn ,cali=nia be+ plant$ 9 ,navels1 & is !re any diff]5ce 9 soil or climate requirem5ts ( ,navels & ,val5cias8 ,!re is no p>ticul> diff]5ce 9 ! soil requirem5ts ( ,val5cia & ,navel oranges4 ,!y are bo? budd$ on ! same root4 ,! desirability ( ,navel oranges 9 ! upp] citrus di/ricts arises f ! fact t ! policy ( ^? di/ricts at ! pres5t "t is to produce an e>ly orange4 ,?is !y c\ld n accompli% by gr[+ ! ,val5cia4 ,! great advantage ( ! ,val5cia 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia1 on ! o!r h&1 lies 9 ! v fact t x is late & t x c be m>ket$ 9 midsumm] & e>ly autumn :5 !re are no ,navels available f any:]e4 ,orange ,se$l+s4 ,:at ab\t plant+ ! se$ f ,/4 ,mi*ael's oranges or ( grapefruit = a se$-b$ to be budd$ to ,val5cias8 ,good plump ,/4 ,mi*ael's se$s w\ld be all "r if y desire to use sweet se$l+ /ock4 ,grapefruit se$l+s are good & q widely us$1 ?\gh ! g5]al pref]5ce is = s\r-/ock se$l+s4 ,acres ( ,oranges to a ,man4 ,9 y\r op9ion1 is x possible = "o man1 ( av]age /r5g?1 to take p]fect c>e ( a tw5ty-acre citrus or*>d8 ,are ! s]vices ( a man :o takes ! entire responsibility ( an or*>d 7citrus7 wor? m ?an ^? ( a common ran* h&8 ,x dep5ds ^u ! man1 ^u ! age ( ! trees1 ^u ! k9d ( soil he has to h&le1 ^u ! irrigation arrangem5ts & ^u :at y mean by p]fect c>e4 ,if y contract ! pick+ & haul+ ( fruit1 ! fumigation & all[ extra help :5 conditions require t some?+ mu/ be done quickly1 :atev] x may be1 a man ) good legs & arms1 & a good head full ( special k to make !m g1 c h&le tw5ty acres & if he does x "r y ought to pay him twice z mu* z an ord9>y ran* h&4 ,roots = ,orange ,trees4 ,:at are ! conditions mo/ favorable to orange trees budd$ ^u s\r /ock2 also ^u sweet /ock & trifoliata8 ,! s\r /ock is believ$ to be m h>dy aga9/ try+ conditions ( soil moi/ure - bo? excess & defici5cy1 & diseases incid5t !reto4 ,! sweet /ock is a free gr[+ & satisfactory /ock & mo/ ( ! old] or*>ds are ^u ?is root1 b x is held to be less resi/ant ( soil tr\bles ?an ! s\r /ock1 & !re=e propagators are n[ l>gely us+ ! latt]4 ,! trifoliata has be5 promot$ z m likely to induce dormancy ( ! top gr[? dur+ cold wea!r1 because ( its own decidu\s habit4 ,x has also be5 advocat$ z likely to induce e>li] maturity 9 ! fruit & ?us m9i/] to e>ly m>ket+4 ,! objection urg$ aga9/ x has be5 a claim$ dw>f+ ( ! tree work$ ^u x4 ,citrus ,budd+4 ,i wi% to bud "s ,maltese blood orange trees to pomelos & lemons4 ,w !y make good /ock = !m1 &1 if s1 is x necess>y to cut bel[ ! orig9al bud8 ,x is possible to bud z y propose1 & x is n necess>y to g back to ! old /ock4 ,"w 9 above ! =ks4 ,no ,citrus ,fruits on ,lemon ,roots4 ,w\ld x be any advantage to bud ! ,wa%+ton ,navel on grapefruit & lemon roots8 ,! grapefruit or pomelo is a good root = ! orange1 & "s propagators pref] x4 ,! lemon root is n us$ at pres5t1 because ( its effect 9 caus+ a co>se gr[? ( tree & fruit & because x is m subject to disease ?an ! orange root4 ,9 fact1 we gr[ ne>ly all lemons on orange roots4 ,budd+ ,oranges4 ,my fir/ attempt at budd+1 ,i cut #bj buds & imm$iately ins]t$ 9 /ock ( ,mexican s\r orange ,amataca4 ,i left b&s on !m = t5 days at :i* "t ab\t half seem$ to h /uck1 b aft] a few days ! b>k curl$ away & ! buds dri$ up & di$4 ,i !n tri$ aga91 b left ! b&s on = ?irte5 days & lightly ti$ /r+s ar\nd bel[ ! bud to prev5t ! b>k f curl+1 & also put graft+ wax 9 ! cut & ov] ! bud4 ,^! appe>$ fre% & gre5 at "t ( tak+ (f ! b&s1 b ?ree weeks lat] ,i f\nd !m rott$4 ,! graft+ wax us$ 0 made ( beeswax1 res91 olive oil & a small am\nt ( l>d to s(t5 x4 ,d y ?9k t ! action ( ! l>d on ! buds w\ld cause !m to rot8 ,consid] fir/ :e!r ! buds :i* y use are suffici5tly develop$2 t is1 a suffici5t am\nt ( h>dness & maturity atta9$ by ! twig f :i* y took ^! buds4 ,second1 use a wax$ b&1 draw+ x q tightly ar\nd ! b>k1 above & bel[ ! bud1 cov]+ ! bud itself )\t too mu* pressure = sev]al days1 !n loos5+ ! b& some:at1 b c>efully replac+ ov] all b ! bud po9t4 ,x is necess>y to exclude ! air suffici5tly1 b n :olly4 ,! use ( a s(t fat l olive oil or l>d is n desirable4 ,if y use oil at all = ! purpose ( s(t5+1 l9se$ oil1 z us$ by pa9t]s1 is saf] because ( its disposition to dry )\t s mu* p5etration4 ,hav+ us$ olive oil & l>d toge!r y _h too mu* s(t fatty mat]ial4 ,budd+ ,orange ,se$l+s 9 ! ,or*>d4 ,:at are ! objections or advantages ( plant+ s\r /ock se$l+s :]e "o wi%es ! trees & "o or two ye>s lat] bud into ! bran*es in/ead ( budd+ ! "y /ock l[ on ! trunk8 ,plant+ ! se$l+ & at "s future "t cutt+ back ! bran*es & graft+ 9 ! head above ! =ks is an exp5sive op]ation & loses "t 9 gett+ fruit4 ,y w get v irregul> trees & be disappo9t$ 9 ! am\nt ( re-work+ y w h to d4 ,suck]s mu/ be always wat*$ =2 t has to be done anyway1 b a suck] f a wild /ock is worse 9 effects if y happ5 to ov]look x4 ,avoid all su* tr\ble by plant+ good clean trees budd$ 9 nurs]y r[s4 ,y may h to d rebudd+ lat]1 if y want to *ange v>ieties1 & t is tr\ble en\gh4 ,d n ru% at ! beg9n+ into all ! difficulties !re are4 ,grapefruit & ,nuts4 ,pea*es1 pe>s & plums pr$om9ate 9 ?is section1 b w\ld n grapefruit1 almonds & ,engli% walnuts be j z pr(itable8 ,:at is y\r idea ab\t ,engli% walnuts on black walnut root8 ,y c expect grapefruit to succe$ "u conditions :i* favor ! orange4 ,!re=e1 if oranges are do+ well 9 y\r di/rict1 grapefruit might also be expect$ to succe$ on ! same soils & ) ! same treatm5t4 ,plant+ ( almonds %\ld proce$ ^u a demon/ration t ! imm$iate location is suit$ to almonds1 because !y are v e>ly to />t & v subject to spr+ fro/ & %\ld n be plant$ unless y c f9d be>+ trees :i* h demon/rat$ _! acceptance ( ! situation by regul> & pr(itable crops4 ,engli% walnuts are less subject to fro/s because !y />t mu* lat] 9 ! season4 ,!y ne$1 h[ev]1 deep1 ri* l& :i* w be sure n to dry out dur+ ! summ]4 ,engli% walnuts are a p]fect success ^u ! ,cali=nia black walnut root4 ,soil & ,situation = ,oranges4 ,is x absolutely ess5tial t orange trees be plant$ on a s\!rn slope1 or w !y ?rive z well on any slope8 ,:at is ! m9imum dep? ( soil requir$ = orange trees8 ,h[ c ,i tell :e!r ! soil is good = oranges8 ,orange trees are gr[n successfully on all slopes1 al?\gh 9 p>ticul> localities c]ta9 exposures may be decid$ly be/1 z mu/ be le>n$ by local obs]vation4 ,h[ %all[ a soil w suit orange trees dep5ds ^u h[ wat] & f]tiliz] are appli$2 on a %all[ soil m f]tiliz] & m frequ5t use ( wat] 9 small] quantities4 ,any soil :i* has gr[n good gra9 crops may be us$ = orange gr[+ if ! moi/ure supply is nev] too scant & any excess is curr5tly dispos$ ( by good dra9age4 ,!re c be no arbitr>y rule ei!r = exposure1 dep? or texture ( soils1 because oranges are be+ successfully gr[n on m$ium loam to heavy clay loam1 provid+ ! moi/ure supply is kept "r4 ,transplant+ ,orange ,trees4 ,c y transplant trees two ye>s old ) safety to ano!r location 9 same grove1 same soil2 etc48 ,yes2 & y c move !m a great] di/ance1 if y l4 ,take up ! trees ) a good ball ( e>?1 transplant+ 9 ! spr+ :5 ! gr\nd has become well w>m$1 j ab\t at ! "t :5 new gr[? beg9s to appe> on ! tree4 ,! top ( ! tree %\ld he cut back some:at & ! leaves %\ld be remov$ if !y %[ a disposition to wilt4 ,y %\ld also :itewa% or o!rwise protect ! b>k f sunburn if ! foliage %\ld be remov$4 ,protect+ ,"y ,citrus ,trees4 ,is x necess>y to h "y orange trees cov]$ or leave !m uncov]$ dur+ ! w9t] mon?s8 ,x is desirable to cov] ) burlaps or bale ) corn/alks1 /raw or "s o!r co>se litt]1 all "y trees :i* are be+ plant$ 9 untri$ places2 & ev5 :]e old trees are safe1 "y trees :i* g into ! fro/ p]iod ) new gr[? ( immature wood %\ld be ?us protect$4 ,d n use too mu* /uff nor bundle too tightly4 ,n ,orange on ! ,osage4 ,c ! ,navel orange be graft$ on ! osage orange8 ,i und]/& x is done 9 ,florida1 & w\ld l to "k if x has be5 tri$ 9 ,cali=nia4 ,x _c4 ,x has n be5 done 9 ,florida nor any:]e else4 ,! osage orange is n an orange at all4 ,! tree is n a memb] ( ! citrus family4 ,no ,poll5iz] = ,navels4 ,i read t ! fl[]s ( ! ,navel orange are entirely lack+ 9 poll51 or only poorly suppli$4 ,if ?is is true1 :at v>iety ( orange w\ld y plant 9 a ,navel grove - to supply poll5 at ! prop] "t8 ,we w\ld n plant any o!r orange ne> ! ,navel = ! sake ( supply+ x ) poll54 ,poll5 is only ne$$ to make se$s1 & by ! same process to make ! fruit set1 & ,navels d n make se$s1 except r>ely1 nor d !y seem to ne$ poll5 to make ! fruit set4 ,wat] & ,fro/4 ,f h[ _m acres c\ld ,i keep (f a freeze ( oranges ) #ajjj gallons p] m9ute8 ,! wat] is at #fe degrees4 ,! am\nt ( wat] w prev5t fro/ ov] z l>ge an area z y c cov] ) ! wat]1 s z to ?or\ghly wet ! surface1 b ! pres5ce ( wat] w only be effective ?r\gh ab\t f\r degrees ( temp]ature & only = a %ort "t4 ,if1 !n1 ! temp]ature %\ld fall bel[ #bg degrees & %\ld rema9 at t po9t = an h\r or two1 x is d\btful if ! wat] w\ld save y\r fruit4 ,wat] is only ( limit$ value 9 ! prev5tion ( fro/1 & ( no value at all :5 ! temp]ature falls too l[4 ,:at to ,d ) ,fro/$ ,oranges4 ,:at is ! be/ plan ( treatm5t = fro/$ orange trees8 ,! crop w be a total loss4 ,x does n %[ any t5d5cy to fall (f ! trees1 h[ev]4 ,%\ld x be pick$ (f1 ?r[n on ! gr\nd & pl[$ "u8 ,%\ld ?is be done "r away or lat]8 ,uns\nd fruit %\ld be remov$ z soon z its injury c be conv5i5tly detect$ & work$ into ! soil by cultivation2 nev]1 h[ev]1 be+ all[$ to collect 9 masses1 :i* is productive ( decay & :i* may be injuri\s to roots4 ,if trees are injur$ suffici5tly to lose mo/ ( _! leaves1 ! fruit %\ld also be remov$ if x %[s a disposition to hang on4 ,?is w be a contribution to ! /r5g? ( ! tree & its ability to clo! itself ) new foliage4 ,prun+ ,fro/$ ,citrus ,trees4 ,h[ %all ,i prune two-ye>-old orange or*>d1 also nurs]y /ock buds t are badly injur$ by fro/2 h[ mu* to prune & at :at "t8 ,z soon z y c see h[ f> injury has gone d[n ! bran* or /em1 cut bel[ x1 s t a new %oot may pu% out f s\nd wood1 & heal ! cut z soon z possible4 ,?is applies to gr[?s ( all ages4 ,9 ! case ( buds1 if y c only save a s+le node y may get a bud />t$ !re & make a tree ( t4 ,9 ! case ( trees1 l>ge or small1 x is always desirable to cut above ! =k+s ( ! ma9 bran*es1 if possible1 & :5 ?is mu* ( ! tree rema9s s\nd1 a new tree c be =m$ v quickly4 ,if ! ma9 /em is injur$1 b>k crack$1 etc41 cut bel[ ! gr\nd & put scions 9 ! b>k )\t splitt+ ! root cr[n2 wax well or o!rwise cov] expos$ wood to prev5t *eck+4 ,if ?is is successfully done1 root-rot may be prev5t$ & ! w\nd cov]$ ) new b>k :ile ! /rong new /ems are develop+ above4 ,prun+ ,oranges4 ,is x be/ to prune out orange trees by remov+ occasional bran*es s z to p]mit free air passage ?r\gh ! trees8 ,"s are advocat+ do+ s2 b z ,i rememb]1 ! trees 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia are all[$ to gr[ q d5se1 s t we c\ld see into ! foliage b v little4 ,x is a matt] ( judgm5t1 ) a pres5t t5d5cy t[>d a m op5 tree ?an 0 =m]ly prescrib$4 ,trees %\ld be m ?rifty & %\ld be> m fruit deep] 9 ! foliage-wall if m air & light are admitt$4 ,b ?is c be _h )\t op5+ ! tree s t free sight ( its int]ior is possible4 ,we believe ?9n+ ( ! gr[? to admit m light & air is good1 b we %\ld n int5tionally cut en\gh to make holes 9 ! tree4 ,pecan ,gr[+4 ,w\ld y advise plant+ ( pecans 9 comm]cial or*>ds "h8 ,walnuts 9 _! prop] location con/itute "s ( ,cali=nia's be/ improvem5ts4 ,aft] visit+ "s be>+ pap]-%ell pecans "h 9 ,fresno c\nty1 ,i believe a pecan or*>d ( *oice v>iety w\ld be m desirable ?an a walnut or*>d4 ,pecans d well on moi/ ri* l& 9 ! int]ior valleys :]e !re are %>p] temp]ature *anges ?an 9 ! coa/ valleys1 except p]haps ne> ! upp] coa/4 ,su* plant+ z y propose seems promis+ on l&s hav+ moi/ure en\gh to c>ry ! nuts to full rip5+4 ,gr[+ ,filb]ts4 ,please give in=mation ab\t gr[+ filb]ts4 ,filb]ts h be5 l>gely a disappo9tm5t 9 ,cali=nia & no product ( any am\nt has ev] be5 made4 ,good nuts h be5 produc$ 9 ! foo?ills ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada & ! ,coa/ ,range4 ,!oretically1 ! places :]e ! wild hazel gr[s w\ld be/ suit ! filb]t1 & s f> ?is seems to be ju/ifi$ by ! little t has actually be5 done1 b !re is v little to say ab\t x beyond t4 ,x requires mu* m exp]i5ce to lift ! nut out ( ! exp]im5tal /ate4 ,e>ly ,be>+ ( ,walnuts4 ,please in=m me if "y walnut trees graft$ on black walnut /ock w produce fruit )9 #ah mon?s aft] be+ plant$4 ,x is true t ! ,fr5* v>ieties ( ,engli% walnuts h produc$ fruit ! second summ] ( _! gr[?4 ,?is does n mean1 h[ev]1 t y c c\nt ^u a crop ! second ye>4 ,^! are usually grafts 9 nurs]y r[s1 & "o w\ld h to wait long]1 z a rule1 = trees plant$ out 9 or*>ds ) a *ance to make a fre] wood gr[?4 ,?is is r =tunate1 because x is bett] to h a l>g] tree ?an to h ! gr[? div]t$ into be>+ a small am\nt ( fruit :ile ! tree is v "y4 ,we d n "k any advantage 9 gett+ nuts ! second ye> except x be to see if y really h secur$ ! v>iety y desire to produce lat]4 ,h&l+ ,walnut ,se$l+s4 ,:at is ! be/ "t to transplant se$l+s ( ! black walnut8 ,transplant dur+ ! dormant season 7z %[n by abs5ce ( leaves7 :5 ! soil is 9 good condition4 ,h&le !m j z y w\ld an apple tree1 = in/ance4 ,h[ to ,/>t ,engli% ,walnuts4 ,9 />t+ ,engli% walnuts1 %all we get nurs]y /ock graft$ on ,cali=nia black1 or %all we />t our black walnut se$l+s 9 nurs]y plats1 or plant ! nuts :]e ! tree is want$1 & graft !m at two or ?ree ye>s8 ,:at is ! advantage1 if any1 ( ! long /ock f graft+ high1 ov] ! graft$ root8 ,if we _h ! money to inve/ & 7 sure ( ! soil conditions1 etc41 we %\ld buy graft$ trees ( ! v>iety we desir$1 j z we w\ld ( any o!r k9d ( fruit4 ,if we 7 %y ( money & long on "t1 we w\ld />t se$l+s 9 nurs]y1 plant out se$l+s1 & graft lat]1 because x is easi] to graft :5 ! se$l+ is two or ?ree ye>s 9 place4 ,we c\nt ! plant+ ( nuts 9 place tr\blesome & ( no comp5sat+ advantage4 ,! *ief advantage kn[n to u ( graft+ high & gett+ a black walnut trunk is ! h>di] b>k ( ! black walnut4 ,walnut ,plant+4 ,i am plann+ to plant walnuts on r heavy soil4 ,i h be5 told to put ! nut six in*es bel[ ! surface1 b ?9k t too deep1 z soil is r heavy4 ,9 a heavy soil we %\ld n plant ^! nuts m ?an ?ree in*es bel[ ! surface1 b %\ld cov] ! surface ) a mul* ( rott5 /raw to prev5t dry+ out4 ,prun+ ,graft$ ,walnuts4 ,%\ld ,engli% walnut trees be prun$8 ,i h along ! roadside ,engli% walnuts graft$ on ! ,cali=nia black1 & !y h gr[n to v l>ge size & ! fruit seems to be mo/ly on ! outside ( ! trees4 ,engli% walnuts are n usually prun$ mu*1 ?\gh x is (t5 desirable1 & ( c\rse trees c be improv$ by remov+ undesirable bran*es & especially :]e too _m bran*es h />t$ f grafts1 x is desirable t "s be remov$4 ,!y %\ld be cleanly saw$ (f & ! w\nd cov]$ ) wax or ?ick pa9t to prev5t ! wood f decay+4 ,prun+ ,walnuts4 ,:5 is ! be/ "t to remove l>ge limbs f walnut trees8 ,?is "w ) walnuts or o!r decidu\s fruit trees %\ld be done late 9 ! w9t]1 ab\t ! "t ! buds are swell+2 nev] m9d ! ble$+1 x does no h>m1 & ! heal+-gr[? ov] ! w\nd is m rapid :ile ! sap is pu%+4 ,graft+ ,walnuts4 ,9 cleft graft+ walnuts is x necess>y to use scions ) only a leaf bud1 or ) /am9ate or pi/illate buds8 ,is cutt+ ! pi? ( ! scion or /ock fatal to ! tree8 ,9 graft+ walnuts x is usual to take %oots be>+ wood buds1 & n ! spurs :i* c>ry ! fruit blossoms1 al?\gh a "p ( ! graft conta9+ also a wood bud c be us$1 reta9+ ! latt]4 ,cutt+ into ! pi? ( ! scion or ( ! /ock is n fatal1 b x is avoid$ because x makes a split or w\nd :i* is v h>d to heal4 ,= ?is reason x is bett] to cut at "o side ( ! pi? 9 ! /ock1 & to cut ! scion s t ! slope is *iefly 9 ! wood at "o side ( ! pi? & n cutt+ a d\ble w$ge 9 a way to br+ ! pi? 9 ! c5t]4 ,graft+ ,nuts on ,oaks4 ,i h #aj to #ae acres ( black oak trees :i* ,i wi% to graft ov] to *e/nuts4 ,c graft+ be done successfully8 ,"s success has be5 secur$ 9 graft+ ! *e/nut on ! *e/nut oak1 b n1 s f> z we h he>d1 on ! black oak4 ,b grafts on ! *e/nut oak are n p]man5tly ?rifty & productive1 ?\gh !y h be5 report$ z gr[+ = "s "t4 ,! same is true ( ,engli% walnut grafts on "s ( ! native oaks4 ,graft+ ,walnut ,se$l+s4 ,w\ld x be prop] to graft "o-ye> ,cali=nia black walnut se$l+s t mu/ also be transplant$8 ,z ! se$l+s mu/ be mov$1 plant 9 or*>d & graft z two or ?ree-ye>-olds1 accord+ to ! size :i* !y atta94 ,prun+ ! ,walnut4 ,:at is ! prop] "t = prun+ ! walnut8 ,is x bad = ! tree to prune dur+ ! active season8 ,i h rec5tly acquir$ a long-neglect$ grove 9 :i* _m l>ge limbs w h to be remov$ 9 ord] to all[ prop] me?ods ( cultivation to be practic$1 & ,i am 9 d\bt z to ! wisdom ( do+ ?is dur+ ! rise ( sap4 ,! be/ "t to remove l>ge limbs to secure rapid gr[? ( b>k f ! sides ( ! cut1 is j at ! "t ! sap is ris+4 ,!re w be "s outfl[ ( sap1 b ( no p>ticul> loss to ! tree4 ,z soon z ! l>ge w\nds h dri$ suffici5tly1 ! expos$ surface %\ld be pa9t$ to prev5t crack+ ( ! wood4 ,ea/]n or ,cali=nia ,black ,walnuts8 ,i am told t ! ,ea/]n black walnut is a m suitable root = ! l[ l&s 9 ,cali=nia ?an ! ,cali=nia black4 ,is ?is true8 ,!re has be5 no demon/ration t ! ,ea/]n black walnut is m suitable to l[ moi/ l&s ?an ! ,cali=nia black walnut4 ,our gr&e/ ,cali=nia black walnut trees are situat$ on l[ moi/ l&s4 ,walnut ,grove is on ! edge ( ! ,sacram5to riv] ) imm5se trees gr[+ almo/ on ! wat]'s edge4 ,walnut ,creek 9 ,contra ,co/a c\nty is also nam$ f l>ge walnut trees on ! creek bank l&4 ,we h v few ,ea/]n black walnut trees 9 ,cali=nia & al?\gh !y d %[ appreciation ( moi/ l&1 !y are n 9 any respect bett] ?an ! ,cali=nian4 ,rip5+ ( ,walnuts4 ,i s5d y two walnuts4 ,i am 9 d\bt if !y w mature4 ,! nuts are well gr[n1 ! k]nel fully =m$ 9 e respect4 ,:e!r !y w atta9 p]fect maturity mu/ be det]m9$ by an obs]vation ( ! fact & _c be !oretically pr$icat$4 ,:]e trees are 9 su* an ev]-gr[+ climate z y seem to h1 !y mu/ app>5tly take a sugge/ion t ! "t has arriv$ = maturity f ! dry+ ( ! soil4 ,! roots %\ld "k t x is "t = !m to /op work+ s t ! foliage may yell[ & ! nuts mature4 ,x is possible t /opp+ cultivation a little e>li] 9 ! season may be necess>y to accompli% ?is purpose4 ,cutt+ ,bel[ ,dead ,wood4 ,i h "s se$l+ ,engli% walnut trees :i* are two ye>s old1 b !y are n com+ out 9 bud ?is ye>4 ,!y are ab\t ?ree feet high1 & f ! top d[n to ab\t #aj in*es ( ! gr\nd ! limbs are d>k br[n1 & bel[ t !y are a nice gre54 ,i cut ! top (f ( "o ( !m to see :at is ! matt] t !y d n leaf out1 & ,i f\nd t !re is a r\nd hole "r d[n ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! tree d[n to ! gre5 "p4 ,! hole is ab\t ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! pi? ( ! limbs has be5 eat5 away by "s k9d ( a worm f ! inside4 ,w\ld x be bett] to cut ! tree d[n to ! gre5 "p1 or let !m alone8 ,x is ! "w ( a bor]4 ,cut d[n to live wood & pa9t ov] ! w\nd or wax x4 ,protect ! pi? until ! b>k gr[s ov] x or y w h decay inside4 ,if buds d n />t on ! trunk1 take a suck] f bel[ to make a tree (4 ,y c\ld put a bud 9 ! trunk1 b x is n v easy to d x4 ,walnuts 9 ,alfalfa4 ,w ! walnut trees be injur$ 9 any way by irrigat+ !m at ! same "t & mann] z ! alfalfa - t is1 by flood+ ! l& betwe5 ! *ecks8 ,w ! walnuts make z good a gr[? :5 plant$ 9 ! alfalfa1 & ! gr\nd cultivat$ two or ?ree feet ar\nd ! tree1 z ?\gh ! alfalfa 0 entirely remov$8 ,is x advisable to plant ! trees on ! *ecks r ?an betwe5 ! *ecks8 ,walnut trees w d well1 provid+ y d n irrigate ! alfalfa suffici5tly to wat]log ! trees2 provid+ also t y d use wat] en\gh s t ! trees w n be robb$ ( moi/ure by ! alfalfa4 ,?is me?od ( gr[+ trees w be1 ( c\rse1 saf] & probably m satisfactory if y\r soil is deep & loamy1 z x %\ld be to get ! be/ results ) bo? alfalfa & walnuts4 ,x w\ld be bett] to h ! trees /& s t ! wat] does n come into direct contact ) ! b>k1 al?\gh walnut trees are irrigat$ by surr\nd+ !m ) *eck levees4 ,plant+ walnut trees 9 an old /& ( alfalfa is h>d] on ! tree ?an to />t alfalfa aft] ! trees h tak5 hold1 because ! alfalfa roots l to hang on to _! advantage4 ,9 plant+ 9 an old field1 we %\ld pl[ /rips1 say1 five feet wide & keep x cultivat$ r ?an to try to />t ! trees 9 pot-holes1 al?\gh ) extra c>e !y might g t way4 ,walnuts 9 ! ,hills4 ,w walnuts gr[ well 9 ! foo?ill c\ntry2 elevation ab\t #fjj feet1 soil ri*1 does n crack 9 summ] & seems to h small /ones 9 x8 ,walnuts w d well provid+ ! soil or subsoil is ret5tive en\gh4 ,if y h wat] available = irrigation 9 case ! trees %\ld ne$ x1 !y w\ld d well1 b if ! soil is gravelly way d[n & likely to dry out deeply & y h no wat] available an opposite result might be expect$4 ,x is a fact t on "s ( ! upl&s ( ! coa/ m\nta9s !re is a lack ( moi/ure late 9 ! season :i* int]f]es ) ! success ( "s fruit trees4 ,to ,increase ,be>+ ( ,walnuts4 ,we h a walnut or*>d :i* does n be> en\gh nuts4 ,! trees are all f9e1 ev5 trees1 #aj & #ab ye>s old1 & we are told t ! crop 0 light ?is ye> because ! trees 7 gr[+ s vigor\sly & put mo/ ( _! en]gy into ! new wood4 ,is !re any special f]tiliz] :i* w make ! trees be> m & n prompt su* heavy gr[?8 ,if y\r advis] is "r t ! trees are n be>+ because ( excessive gr[?1 x w\ld be bett] n to apply any f]tiliz] dur+ ! com+ ye>1 b all[ ! trees to assume m /eady habit & possibly ev5 to enc\rage !m to d s by us+ less cultivation & wat]4 ,if y wi% to exp]im5t ) "s ( ! trees1 give !m an application ( five p\nds ( sup]phosphate & two p\nds ( pota% to ea* tree1 prop]ly di/ribut$ ov] ! l& :i* x occupies4 ,y c]ta9ly %\ld n use any =m ( nitrog54 ,temp]ature & ,moi/ure = ! ,engli% ,walnut4 ,:at am\nt ( freez+ & dr\? c ,engli% walnuts /&8 ,"u :at conditions is irrigation necess>y8 ,! walnut tree w endure h>d freez+1 provid+ x comes :5 ! tree is dormant1 because !y are successfully gr[n 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 ?\gh n to a l>ge ext5t2 b ! walnut tree is subject to injury f light] fro/s1 provid+ !y foll[ temp]atures :i* h induc$ activity 9 ! tree4 ,on ! ,pacific ,coa/ ! walnut is successfully gr[n z f> nor? z ! ,/ate ( ,wa%+ton1 b ev5 9 ,cali=nia !re are elevations :]e fro/s are likely to occur :5 ! tree is active1 & ^! may be de/ructive to its pr(it1 al?\gh !y may n injure ! tree4 ,y are n safe 9 plant+ walnuts to any ext5t except 9 places :]e y c f9d trees be>+ satisfactorily4 ,plant+ else:]e is1 ( c\rse1 an ent]pris+ exp]im5tal ?+ to d1 b v risky z a l9e ( inve/m5t4 ,irrigation is requir$ if ! annual ra9fall1 c\pl$ ) ! ret5tiv5ess ( ! soil & good cultivation1 d n give moi/ure en\gh to c>ry ! tree well into ! autumn1 ma9ta9+ activity 9 ! leaves "s little "t aft] ! fruit is ga!r$4 ,walnuts f ,se$4 ,!re is a reliable nurs]y company sell+ se$l+ ,franquette walnut trees on a positive gu>antee t !y w come true to type4 ,are or*>ds ( ?is k9d satisfactory8 ,walnuts d come tru] to ! se$ ?an almonds & o!r fruits & ! ,franquette has a good reputation = rememb]+ its ance/ry4 ,until rec5tly practically all ! comm]cial walnut product ( ,cali=nia 0 gr[n on se$l+ trees4 ,b ^! facts h>dly ju/ify "o 9 tru/+ to se$l+s 9 plant+s n[ made4 ,! way to get a walnut ( ! highe/ type is to take a bud or graft f a tree :i* is be>+ t type4 ,high-graft$ ,walnuts4 ,:at is ! advantage ( a high-graft$ walnut8 ,i am ab\t ready to plant #aj acres to nuts & d n "k :e!r to pur*ase ,franquette graft$ high on ,cali=nia ,black or n4 ,! advantage ( graft+ ,engli% walnut high on ,cali=nia ,black walnut consi/s 9 secur+ a ma9 trunk = ! tree1 :i* is less liable to sunburn & probably h>di] o!rwise ?an is ! /em ( ! ,engli% walnut1 & ! pres5t disposition t[>d high] graft+ or budd+ seems !re=e ju/ifi$ & desirable4 ,graft+ & ,budd+ ! ,mulb]ry4 ,:at is ! mo/ approv$ mann] ( graft+ mulb]ry trees8 ,am told t !y are v difficult to successfully graft4 ,mo/ propagators f9d ! mulb]ry difficult by ord9>y top & cleft graft+ me?ods4 ,a flute or r+ graft or bud does well on small se$l+s - t is1 remov+ a r+ or cyl9d] ( ! b>k f ! /ock & putt+ 9 its place a cyl9d] f ! v>iety desir$1 cut to fit accurately4 ,= l>ge trees ?is w\ld h to be done on "y %oots =c$ out by cutt+ back ! ma9 bran*es1 b :5 ?is is done ord9>y %ield budd+ 9 ^! new %oots w\ld give good results4 ,cut back ! trees n[ & bud 9 ! new %oots 9 ,july or ,augu/4 ,h>d9ess ( ,hybrid ,b]ries4 ,h[ mu* cold w ,ph5om5al1 ,himalaya & ,mammo? blackb]ries /& 9 w9t]8 ,is x safe to plant :]e ! temp]ature goes bel[ #cb degrees8 ,^! b]ries are h>dy to z]o at lea/1 = !y are gr[n 9 nor!rn p>ts ( ?is coa/ :]e !y get su* a t\* once 9 a :ile4 ,!y h also endur$ l[ temp]atures 9 ! c5tral cont95tal plateau ,/ates & ea/w>d4 ,:e!r !y c endure ! l[e/ temp]atures ( ! w9t]-kill+ regions ( ! nor!rn bord] _c be det]m9$ 9 ,cali=nia1 = we d n h ! conditions = su* te/s4 ,! b]ries are v h>dy :ile dormant1 & probably _! value 9 cold] regions w\ld dep5d r m ^u _! disposition to rema9 dormant ?an ^u :at !y c endure :5 9 t condition4 ,prun+ ,himalayas4 ,%all ! old wood be cut away 9 prun+ ,himalayas8 ,all ! old wood :i* has borne fruit %\ld be cut out 9 ! fall & new %oots r$uc$ to ?ree or f\r f ea* root1 & ^! ?ree or f\r %oots %\ld be %ort5$ to a l5g? ( t5 or twelve feet & be tra9$ to a trellis or f5ce1 or "s o!r suitable support4 ,v9es :i* are all[$ to gr[ riot\sly z !y w1 are apt to be defici5t 9 fruit be>+4 ,/rawb]ries ) ,p]fect ,fl[]s4 ,has ,longwor? ,prolific an imp]fect bloom8 ,i h ,longwor?s 9 be>+ :i* app>5tly are p]fect4 ,is !re ano!r /ra9 ( ,longwor? t are n self-f]tiliz+8 ,! ,longwor? ,prolific /rawb]ry has bo? /am9ate & pi/illate elem5ts4 ,possibly "s o!r v>iety1 because ( its resemblance to ,longwor? & ! popul>ity ( x1 may h be5 wrongly giv5 its "n4 ,mo/ ( ! v>ieties :i* are l>gely gr[n 9 ,cali=nia are p]fect 9 blossom1 ?\gh "s ( ! new] v>ieties ne$ association ) poll9iz]s4 ,prun+ ,loganb]ries4 ,%\ld ! new %oots ( ,loganb]ry v9es1 :i* come out 9 ! spr+1 be left or cut away8 ,if cut1 w m %oots put out 9 ! fall & be suffici5t = ! next ye>'s crop8 ,! ,loganb]ry %oots :i* are gr[+ %\ld be c>efully tra9$ & pres]v$ = next ye>'s fruit+4 ,! old canes %\ld be cut away at ! base aft] ! fruit is ga!r$4 ,! plant be>s ea* ye> ^u ! wood :i* grew ! previ\s summ]4 ,/rawb]ry ,plant+4 ,%\ld ,i plant /rawb]ries 9 ! spr+ or fall8 ,:e!r x is wise to plant /rawb]ry plants 9 ! fall dep5ds on sev]al ?+s1 su* z gett+ ! gr\nd 9 ! v be/ ( condition1 abundance ( wat] at all times1 spl5didly root$ plants1 & cool wea!r 7:i* is v r>e at ! "t plants are to be plant$1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]74 ,plants may be tak5 ) balls ( e>? ar\nd ! roots1 & wat] p\r$ 9 ! hole t receives ! plant4 ,aft] plant+1 ea* plant %\ld be %ad$ f ! sun2 aft] ?is ! dit*es mu/ be kept full ( wat] s ! moi/ure w rise to ! surface2 ?is mu/ be done till ! plant />ts gr[?4 ,?is me?od c only be us$ 9 small plant+s1 z x is too exp5sive = l>ge plant+s1 z is also ! pott$ plant me?od :]e ea* plant is gr[n 9 a small pot & transplant$ by dump+ out ! e>? z a ball ) ! plant & putt+ directly 9 ! gr\nd4 ,f pott$ plants1 set out 9 ! fall1 "o may c\nt on a f9e crop ( b]ries ! foll[+ spr+4 ,/rawb]ry plants are nev] dormant till midw9t]1 & !re is no plant m difficult to transplant :5 roots are di/urb$ 9 ! hot season1 :i* usually prevails 9 ! int]ior valleys ( ,cali=nia4 ,to h a long-liv$ /rawb]ry field & to get be/ results1 plant+ mu/ be done 9 ! spr+1 z soon z ! soil c be put 9 be/ condition to receive plants4 ,f ?is a fall crop c be expect$ - ,answ] by ,tribble ,bros41 ,elk ,grove4 ,blackb]ries = ,dry+ ,only4 ,:at v>iety ( blackb]ries or raspb]ries are ! be/ = dry+ purposes8 ,are b]ries successfully dri$ 9 evaporators8 ,?is is a natural b]ry c\ntry4 ,wild blackb]ries are a wond] "h4 ,transportation facilities d n all[ rais+ = ! city m>ket4 ,9 y\r op9ion1 w\ld ! plant+ ( t5 acres 9 b]ries = dry+ be a success8 ,! blackb]ries *iefly gr[n 9 ,cali=nia are ! ,lawton1 ,cr&all & ! ,mammo?4 ,! raspb]ry *iefly gr[n is ! ,cu?b]t4 ,!re are v few ( ^! b]ries dri$4 ,x w\ld be bett] to dry !m 9 an evaporator ?an 9 ! sun1 b little ( x is done 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,x is d\btful :e!r x w\ld pay to plant blackb]ries = dry+ only1 because !re is su* a l>ge product fl[ 9 v>i\s places :]e ! b]ries are ei!r sold fre% or sold to ! cann]y1 & dry+ is only done = ! purpose ( sav+ ! crop if ! prices = ! o!r uses are n satisfactory4 ,to gr[ especially = dry+ w\ld give y only "o *ance ( sell+ to advantage1 & t ! poore/4 ,plant+ ,bu% ,fruits4 ,:at is ! be/ "t to set out blackb]ries & ,loganb]ries8 ,any "t aft] ! soil is ?or\ghly wet d[n & y c get good1 mature & dormant plants = transplant+4 ,?is may be z e>ly z ,novemb] & may cont9ue until ,febru>y or lat] 9 "s places4 ,gr[+ ,/rawb]ry ,plants4 ,9 a pat* ( /rawb]ries plant$ ?is spr+1 is x advisable to cut (f runn]s or root "s ( !m8 ,9 plant+ /rawb]ries 9 matt$ r[s1 x is usual to all[ a few runn]s to take root & ?us fill ! r[4 ,x is ! judgm5t ( plant gr[]s t plants = sale %\ld n be produc$ 9 ?is way1 b %\ld be gr[n f plants specially kept = t purpose4 ,/rawb]ries 9 ,succession4 ,is !re any reason1 9 /rawb]ry culture1 :5 ! v9es are remov$ at ! end ( ! f\r? ye>1 :y ! gr\nd may n be ?or\ghly pl[$ & aga9 plant$ to /rawb]ries8 ,x is !oretically possible to gr[ /rawb]ries cont9u\sly on ! same l& by prop] f]tilization & irrigation4 ,practically1 ! objection is t c]ta9 diseases & injuri\s insects may multiply 9 ! l&1 & ?is is ! *ief reason :y new plantations are put on new l& & ! old l& us$ = a "t = beans or "s root crop1 s t ! soil may be clean$ & refre%$ by rotation & by ! possibility ( deep] tillage4 ,limitations on ,gooseb]ries4 ,:y is x t gooseb]ries are n gr[n m 9 ,cali=nia8 ,is !re any reason1 climatic or o!r1 :y ! gooseb]ry %\ld n be z successfully gr[n 9 ,cali=nia z else:]e8 ,!re are two reasons4 ,fir/1 ! gooseb]ry does n l int]ior valleys1 al?\gh ) prop] protection f mildew or by gr[+ resi/ant v>ieties1 good fruit c be _h 9 coa/ or m\nta9 valleys4 ,second1 practically no "o c>es = a ripe gooseb]ry 9 a c\ntry :]e s _m o!r fruits are gr[n1 & ! dem& is = gre5 gooseb]ries = pies & sauce1 & t is v easily ov]suppli$4 ,dry ,f>m+ ) ,grapes4 ,i h he>d t !y are plant+ ,muscat grapes on ! dry f>m+ plan4 ,w x be successful8 ,grapes h be5 gr[n 9 ,cali=nia on ! dry f>m+ plan ev] s9ce ,am]icans came #fj ye>s ago4 ,grapes c be successfully gr[n by ?or\gh cultivation = moi/ure ret5tion1 provid+ ! ra9fall is suffici5t to c>ry ! plant :5 x is cons]v$ by ! mo/ ?or\gh & frequ5t cultivation4 ,unless ?is ra9fall is adequate1 no am\nt ( cultivation w make grape v9es succe$1 because ev5 ! be/ cultivation produces no moi/ure1 b only cons]ves a "p ( t :i* falls f ! cl\ds4 ,:e!r grapes w d dep5ds1 fir/1 ^u :at ! ra9fall is2 second1 ^u :e!r ! soil is ret5tive2 ?ird1 ^u :e!r y cultivate 9 su* a way z to enable ! soil to ex]cise its maximum ret5tiv5ess4 ,^! are matt]s :i* _c be det]m9$ !oretically - !y require actual te/4 ,cutt+ ,back ,fro/$ ,v9e ,canes4 ,v9es h be5 badly injur$ by ! late fro/s1 especially ! "y v9es :i* 7 out ! mo/4 ,is !re any?+ to be done ) ! injur$ %oots n[ on ! v9es s z to help ! prospects ( a crop8 ,if %oots are only lightly fro/$ !y %\ld be cut (f at once z l[ z y c detect injury4 ,?is may save ! l[] p>ts ( ! %oot1 f :i* a lat] gr[? c be made4 ,fro/$ p>ts f]m5t & c>ry de/ruction d[nw>d1 & !re=e %\ld be dispos$ ( z soon z possible4 ,:]e v9es h run out consid]ably & badly fro/$1 ! be/ practice usually is to /rip (f ! froz5 %oots s z to get rid ( ! dormant buds at ! base1 :i* (t5 give /]ile %oots4 ,a new break ( canes f o!r buds is g5]ally m productive4 ,dipp+ ,?ompson ,se$less4 ,:at is ! process ( dipp+ & blea*+ ,?ompson se$less grapes8 ,"o recipe = dipp$ rais9s is z foll[s3 ,"o qu>t olive oil2 #c_/d-p\nd ,gre5bank soda & #c qu>ts wat] are made into an emulsion1 & !n r$uc$ ) #aj gallons wat] 9 ! dipp+ tank1 add+ m soda to get lye-/r5g? en\gh to cut ! sk9s1 & m soda has to be add$ f "t to "t to keep up ! /r5g?4 ,! grapes are dipp$ 9 ?is solution & sulphur$ to ! prop] color4 ,?is is ! g5]al outl9e ( ! process4 ,! ability to use x well c only be atta9$ by exp]i5ce & close obs]vation4 ,! ,zante ,currant4 ,is ! currant t gr[s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 any way relat$ to ! currant t gr[s 9 ,greece8 ,if s1 c\ld x be cur$ l ! currant t comes f ,greece8 ,! dri$ currants ( comm]ce are made 9 ,greece & 9 ,cali=nia 7to a slight ext5t7 f ! grape kn[n z ! grape ( ,cor9?4 ,!y are n made f ! bu% currant :i* is g5]ally gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! two plants are n 9 any way relat$4 ,grape ,v9es = an ,arbor4 ,h[ %all ,i prune grape v9es1 viz3 ,tokay1 ,black ,corni*on1 ,muscat1 ,?ompson ,se$less1 ,rose ( ,p]u1 plant$ = a grape arbor8 ,y c gr[ all ! v9es y m5tion ) high /umps rea*+ "p way or to ! top ( ! arbor z y desire side or top %ade or bo?4 ,y c also gr[ !m ) p]man5t side bran*es on ! side slats ( ! arbor if y desire4 ,ea* w9t] prun+ w\ld consi/ 9 cutt+ back all ! previ\s summ]'s gr[? to a few buds f :i* new canes w gr[ = %ade or fruit+1 or y c "w on ! r5ewal sy/em1 keep+ "s ( ^! canes long = quick foliage & m fruit p]haps & cutt+ "s ( !m %ort to gr[ new wood = ! foll[+ ye>'s s]vice1 z !y (t5 d 9 gr[+ ,ea/]n grapes4 ,prun+ ,old ,v9es4 ,i h "s ,muscat grape v9es #cj ye>s old4 ,c ,i *op (f mo/ ( ! old wood ) a hat*et & !reby br+ !m back to prop] be>+8 ,n ) a hat*et4 ,if ! v9es are wor? keep+ at all1 !y are wor? c>eful cutt+ ) a saw & a pa9t+ ( all cuts 9 l>ge old wood4 ,if ! v9es h be5 neglect$1 y c saw away surplus prongs or spurs1 res]v+ f\r or five ( ! be/ plac$ & mo/ vigor\s1 & cut back ! canes ( la/ summ]'s gr[? to "o1 two or ?ree buds1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! canes - ! ?ick] ! canes1 ! m buds to be kept4 ,x is n desirable to cut away an old v9e to get a new />t f ! gr\nd1 unless y wi% to graft4 ,%ape ! top ( ! v9e z well z y c by sav+ ! be/ ( ! old gr[?4 ,topp+ ,grape ,v9es4 ,is topp+ grape v9es desirable8 ,topp+ ( v9es is 9 all cases m or less weak5+4 ,! m foliage t is remov$1 ! m weak5+ x is4 ,v9es1 !re=e1 :i* are mak+ a weak gr[? f any cause :atev] c only be injur$ by topp+4 ,if ! v9es are exceptionally vigor\s1 ! weak5+ due to topp+ may be an advantage by mak+ !m m fruitful4 ,! topp+1 h[ev]1 mu/ be done ) discretion4 ,e>ly topp+ 9 ,may is mu* m effective & less weak5+ ?an lat] topp+ 9 ,june4 ,v e>ly topp+ be=e blossom+ helps ! sett+ ( ! blossoms4 ,topp+ 9 g5]al increases ! size ( ! b]ries4 ,ble$+ ,v9es4 ,w prun+ grape v9es :5 !y ble$ injure !m8 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ n to be ( any measurable injury4 ,v9es & ,scant ,moi/ure4 ,w\ld x be well to suck] v9es & take also "s be>+ canes (f1 or 9 a dry ye> w !y mature prop]ly z 9 o!r ye>s if ! gr\nd is 9 good condition8 ,v9es usually be> dr\?-/ress bett] ?an be>+ fruit trees4 ,on soils ( good dep? & ret5tiv5ess1 !y are likely to give good crops 9 a dry ye> ) ?or\gh cultivation2 /ill1 light5+ ! burd5 ( ! v9es is rational4 ,suck]+ & cutt+ away second-crop ef=ts %\ld be done4 ,:e!r y ne$ to r$uce ! fir/ crop c be told bett] by ! looks ( ! v9es lat] 9 ! season4 ,sulphur+ = ,mildew4 ,= two ye>s ,i h n sulphur$ my v9ey>d & _h no mildew4 ,my v9es seem z heal?y & ?rifty z any ( ! neighbors' t 7 duly sulphur$4 ,h ,i lo/ any?+ by n sulphur+8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,9 sections :]e mildew is practically sure to come1 sulphur %\ld be us$ regul>ly z a prev5tive )\t wait+ = ! appe>ance ( ! disease4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m locations1 especially 9 ! int]ior valley1 :]e ! occurr5ce ( mildew is r>e 9 suffici5t volume to d appreciable h>m1 & !n sulphur+ %\ld dep5d ^u ! wea!r1 :i* favors mildew or o!rwise4 ,b be always on ! wat* & h ev]y?+ ready to sulphur imm$iately2 also le>n to recognize ! conditions "u :i* appe>ances ( mildew become a m5ace4 ,grape ,sug> 9 ,cann$ ,grapes4 ,h[ c ,i prev5t ! =mation ( grape sug> 9 cann$ grapes8 ,take c>e t ! syrup is ( ! same d5sity z ! juice ( ! grape :5 ! fruit & ! juice are plac$ toge!r 9 ! c4 ,! d5sity ( ! syrup & ! juice are1 ( c\rse1 to be obta9$ by ! use ( ! sp9dle1 ! same arrangem5t employ$ = det]m9+ :5 ! p]c5tage ( sug> 9 ! grape juice is "r = rais9-mak+ or = w9e-mak+4 ,:atev] ! d5sity ( ! juice1 make ! syrup ! same by ! use ( ! "r am\nt ( sug>4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,vegetable ,gr[+ ,cali=nia ,gr[n ,se$4 ,:i* are ! be/ g>d5 se$s to use1 ^? rais$ 9 ,ohio & ! ,ea/ or ^? rais$ 9 ,wa%+ton & ,oregon or ^? rais$ 9 ?is ,/ate8 ,x has be5 def9itely %[n by exp]i5ce & exp]im5t t is does n matt] mu* :]e ! se$ comes f1 provid+ x is well gr[n & good ( its k9d4 ,!re is no su* advantage 9 *ang+ se$ f "o locality to ano!r z is commonly suppos$4 ,besides1 x is n[ v difficult to tell positively :]e se$ is gr[n1 because ,cali=nia :olesale se$s are retail$ 9 all ! ,/ates y m5tion1 & ! cont5ts ( _m small packets ( se$s di/ribut$ 9 ,cali=nia w5t fir/ ( all f ,cali=nia to ! ,ea/]n retail]s1 :o adv]tise & sell !m ev]y:]e4 ,clo? = ,hotb$s4 ,w\ld clo? d to cov] a hotbox to raise lettuce1 radi%es1 etc41 = w9t] use :]e we get a v heavy ra9fall8 ,yes1 if y make ! clo? wat]pro( = its own pres]vation f mildew & o!r ag5cies ( decay4 ,! foll[+ recipe = wat]pro(+ clo? is tak5 f our book on ,cali=nia ,vegetables3 ,s(t5 #d #a_/b ounces ( glue 9 #h #c_/d p9ts ( wat]1 cold at fir/2 !n dissolve 91 say1 a wa%boil] full 7#f gallons7 ( w>m wat]1 ) #b #a_/b ounces ( h>d soap2 put 9 ! clo? & boil = an h\r1 wr+ & dry2 !n prep>e a ba? ( a p\nd ( alum & a p\nd ( salt1 soak ! prep>$ clo? 9 x = a c\ple ( h\rs1 r9se ) cle> wat] & dry4 ,"o gallon ( ! glue solution w soak ab\t t5 y>ds ( clo?4 ,?is clo? has be5 us$ 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia = sev]al ye>s )\t mildew+1 & x w hold wat] by ! pailful4 ,:]e ! ra9 is heavy & frequ5t1 ! clo? %\ld be well support$ by slats & giv5 slope to %$ wat] quickly4 ,( c\rse1 ?is is only a make%ift4 ,glass w\ld be m satisfactory & durable 9 a region ( mu* cl\d9ess & scant sun%9e2 ! great] illum9ation ?r\gh glass w make = ! great] heal? & gr[? ( ! plants4 ,soil = ,vegetables4 ,"s ( my soil bakes & h>d5s quickly aft] irrigation1 b ,i h an acre or s ( s&y soil4 ,w\ld ?is be be/ = g>d5 truck & b]ries8 ,s&y1 loamy soil is bett] ?an ! heavy soil = vegetables & b]ries1 if moi/ure is kept "r1 because x c be m easily cultivat$ & takes wat] )\t los+ ! friable condition :i* is s desirable4 ,a heavi] soil c1 h[ev]1 be improv$ by ! free use ( /able manure or by ! addition ( s&1 or by ! use ( "o or m applications ( lime at ! rate ( #ejj p\nds to ! acre1 z may be requir$ - all ^! op]ations mak+ ! soil m loamy & m easily h&l$4 ,vegetables 9 a ,cold1 ,d>k ,draft4 ,:at vegetables w ?rive 9 localities :]e ! sun %9es only "p ( ! day8 ,i h a space 9 my g>d5 t gets ! sun only betwe5 ! h\rs ( #aa & #e1 !reab\ts2 ,i w\ld l to utilise ^? places = vegetables if any p>ticul> k9d w gr[ "u su* conditions4 ,! soil app>5tly is good1 ( a s&y nature1 ) "s loam4 ,! place is high & subject to mu* w9d4 ,y c only def9itely det]m9e by actual trial :at vegetables w be satisfactory "u ! %ade conditions :i* y describe4 ,y may get good results f lettuces1 radi%es1 beets1 peas1 top onions1 & _m o!r ?+s :i* d well at r a l[ temp]ature1 :ile tomatoes1 pepp]s1 eggplant1 etc41 w\ld probably be wor?less4 ,y\r soil is probably satisfactory & y c easily keep ! moi/ure "r by be+ c>eful n to use z mu* wat] z y w\ld 9 op5 sun%9e4 ,! behavior ( ! plants w be directly dep5d5t ^u ! temp]ature & ! sun%9e :i* !y receive "u ! conditions describ$4 ,jesusalem ,arti*okes4 ,:at is ! be/ "t = plant+ ,j]usalem arti*okes8 ,j]usalem arti*oke tub]s are plant$ 9 ! spr+ aft] ! gr\nd has become w>m & ! heavy fro/s are ov]4 ,! plant+ may be done 9 r[s f> en\gh ap>t = cultivation1 ! tub]s be+ set ab\t a foot ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,?is tub] gr[s l a potato1 b is m delicate ?an ! potato4 ,x is incl9$ to decay :5 out ( ! gr\nd1 b w n />t gr[? z e>ly z ! potato1 & !re=e x is n desirable to />t x e>ly 9 ! w9t] if ! w9t]s are cold & ! gr\nd apt to be v wet4 ,d n cut ! tub]s = se$ z y w\ld potatoes4 ,globe ,arti*okes4 ,i h l& t w gr[ magnific5t arti*okes4 ,two plants la/ ye> 7v>iety unkn[n7 produc$ heavy crops ( buds1 b ! scales op5$ too wide & all[$ ! c5t] to become fibr\s & 7 unsalable4 ,is ?is due to climate1 lack ( suffici5t wat]1 or to n hav+ ! "r v>iety8 ,_m arti*okes :i* are plant$ %\ld really be put 9 ! ornam5tal class - !y are ei!r a rev]sion f a wild] type 9 plants gr[n f ! se$ or !y nev] h be5 good4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e :i* v>ieties y _h bett] gr[ on a l>ge scale1 x is desirable to get a few plants ( ! diff]5t v>ieties z (f]$ by se$m54 ,9 ?is way y w\ld f9d out j :at are consid]$ be/ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 & propagate l>gely ! ones :i* are be/ wor? to y4 ,by subdivision ( ! roots y get exactly ! same type 9 any quantity y desire - rul+ out undesirable v>iations likely to appe> 9 se$l+s4 ,arti*oke ,gr[+4 ,is ! ,globe arti*oke a pr(itable crop to raise comm]cially8 ,ne> ,pescad]o a company has be5 =m$ to raise x = ,ea/]n %ipm5t4 ,is x a v pr(itable crop to raise8 ,are c]ta9 v>ieties wor?less8 ,consid]able quantities ( ,globe arti*okes are gr[n 9 s\!rn & c5tral ,cali=nia = ,ea/]n %ipm5t4 ,!re is a limit to ! am\nt :i* c be pr(itably %ipp$1 because p g5]ally1 at ! ,ea/1 d n "k ! ,globe arti*oke & h[ to eat x1 b m ( !m are le>n+ ! desirability ( x e ye>4 ,!re are species :i* are only ornam5tal1 z a bad we$4 ,asp>agus ,gr[+4 ,:at is ! av]age comm]cial yield ( asp>agus to ! acre 9 ,cali=nia8 ,also1 h[ long x takes asp>agus to come into full be>+1 & :at yield c\ld be expect$ aft] two ye>s' gr[?8 ,is asp>agus resi/ant to mod]ate quantities ( alkali 9 ! soil8 ,! yield ( asp>agus is f "o to f\r tons ( m>ketable %oots p] acre1 accord+ to age & ?rift ( plants1 etc41 ! l>ge/ yields be+ on ! peat l&s ( ! riv] isl&s4 ,on suitable l&s "o ought to get at lea/ two tons p] acre4 ,roots may yield a few days' cutt+s dur+ _! second ye> 9 p]man5t place2 ! ?ird ye> !y w /& mu* m cutt+1 & = sev]al ye>s aft] t w be 9 full yield+4 ,asp>agus enjoys a little salt 9 ! l&1 b "o w\ld n select :at is ord9>ily call$ alkali l& = gr[+ x - n only because ( ! alkali b because ( ! soil "* :i* x induces4 ,bean ,gr[+4 ,we h a small field ( beans1 & w\ld l to "k :i* is ! be/ & mo/ pr(itable way to crop !m4 ,cultivate ! beans s t ! plants may h pl5ty ( moi/ure to fill ! pods1 !n let !m dry & die4 ,ga!r ! dry plants be=e ! pods op5 mu*1 & let !m dry on a clean1 smoo? piece ( gr\nd or on ! b>n floor4 ,:5 !y are well dri$1 ?re% ) a flail1 rake (f ! /raw1 sweep up ! beans & clean by w9n[+ 9 ! w9d or ) a fann+ mill ) suitable scre5s4 ,hoe+ ,beans4 ,%\ld beans be ho$ :ile ! dew is on ! v9e8 ,beans _h bett] be ho$ ) ! dew on !m ?an n ho$ at all4 ,! only objection to hoe+ ) ! dew on is t ! ho] w get 8 feet wet1 ! v9es w become untidy f adh]+ du/1 ) a possible *ance ( ! leaves becom+ less effective & ! poll9ation ( ! blossom r5d]$ less liable to occur4 ,beans z ,nitrog5 ,ga!r]s4 ,i gr[ /r+ beans 9 my rotation to re/ore nitrog51 b ,i see x /at$ t n all beans are valuable = ?is purpose4 ,are ! common bu% v>ieties nitrog5 ga!r]s8 ,probably !y are all do+ x 9 v>i\s degrees4 ,pull up or dig up a few plants :5 gr[+ actively1 n too e>ly nor too late 9 ! season1 & look = nodules on ! roots4 ,numb] & size consid]$ toge!r w measure _! activity 9 ?is l9e 9 y\r soil4 ,bean ,gr[+4 ,i want to plant beans ( diff]5t v>ieties4 ,! l& is ri*1 black loam ) a little s&4 ,:5 is ! be/ "t to plant8 ,if plant$ e>ly1 :at %all we d to keep ! weevils out ( !m8 ,x is desirable to plant beans z e>ly z y c )\t enc\nt]+ dang] ( fro/ kill+4 ,no p>ticul> date c be m5tion$ = plant+ because ! dates w v>y 9 diff]5t locations accord+ to ! beg9n+ ( ! fro/-free p]iod4 ,! be/ way to escape weevil is to sell mo/ ( ! beans z soon z h>ve/$1 treat+ ^? :i* y reta9 = se$1 or = y\r own use1 ) bisulphide ( c>bon vapor or by g5tly heat+ to a temp]ature n above #acj degrees1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be done c>efully ) an accurate !rmomet] s z n to injure g]m9at+ p[]4 ,unless y "k t beans d well 9 y\r locality1 x w\ld be wise to plant a small area at fir/1 because beans are some:at p>ticul> 9 _! *oice ( location 9 ,cali=nia1 & "o %\ld h practical demon/ration ( be>+ be=e risk+ mu* ^u ! crop4 ,! ,y>d-,long ,bean4 ,i wi% to ask ab\t ! v long bean :i* ,i ?9k 0 introduc$ f ,*9a into ,cali=nia4 ,i rememb] see+ "o v9e :5 ,i 0 liv+ 9 ,cali=nia :i* ,i ?9k mu/ h be5 #bj or #cj feet long & _h hundr$s ( pods & ea* ( ^! pods 7 f #b to #c feet long4 ,are ^! beans g5]ally consid]$ eatable8 ,w\ld !y be at all suitable to get z a field bean :i* ! hogs eat8 ,y probably ref] to ! y>d-long pole bean4 ,x is a _w v>iety & may h come to ,cali=nia f ,*9a z y sugge/1 b x has also be5 well kn[n = g5]ations 9 ,europe & 0 br\ght !nce to ! ,ea/]n ,/ates at "s e>ly date4 ,x is g5]ally acc\nt$ z an unimportant species & c]ta9ly has n ris5 to comm]cial acc\nt 9 ,cali=nia4 ,! beans are edible & ! :ole plant available = /ock fe$+1 b !re is no d\bt b t ! gr[? ( "s ( ! c[peas w\ld be pref]able z a summ] field crop = hog pa/ure4 ,:y ! ,beans are ,wait+4 ,c y tell me :y p9k beans :i* 7 plant$ e>ly 9 ,m]c$ c\nty1 irrigat$ f\r times1 ho$ f\r times & cultivat$1 h no beans on !m8 ,! v9es look f9ely4 ,probably because y _h too mu* hot1 dry w9d at ! bloom+4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t tr\bles ) beans 9 ! hot valley1 b ! p9k bean resi/s x bett] ?an o!r v>ieties4 ,z ! heat mod]ates y are likely to get blossoms :i* w come ?r\gh & =m pods1 & !n ! crop w dep5d ^u h[ long fro/ is po/pon$4 ,y h also treat$ ! plants a little too well ) wat] & cultivation4 ,y _h bett] let !m feel ! p9* ( pov]ty a little n[2 !y w be m likely to g to "w4 ,blackeye ,beans4 ,:at is ! be/ way to prep>e l& = ,black-eye beans8 ,h[ mu* se$ is requir$ p] acre1 & :at is ! e/imat$ co/ ( gr[+ !m8 ,! soil is a well-dra9$ clay loam4 ,! co/ ( gr[+ is n p>ticul>ly diff]5t f o!r beans1 & w v>y1 ( c\rse1 accord+ to ! capacity & effici5cy ( ! pl[s1 h>r[s1 teams1 tractors1 m51 etc4 ,e man has to figure t accord+ to 8 conditions & me?ods ( turn+ & f9+ ! l&4 ,s[ #dj p\nds p] acre 9 drills #c feet ap>t1 & cultivate z long z y c )\t injur+ ! v9es too mu*4 ,s[+ mu/ ( c\rse be done late1 aft] ! gr\nd is w>m & dang] ( fro/ is pa/1 ?\gh ! pl[+ & h>r[+ %\ld be done e>li] ?an t4 ,blackeye ,beans are ,c[ ,peas4 ,i s5t = "s ,blackeye c[ peas2 !y look l ,blackeye beans4 ,am s5d+ y a sample ( :at ,i got4 ,:at are !y8 ,yes1 !y are 9 ! c[ pea gr\p1 b !re are o!r c[ peas :i* w\ld n be recogniz$ z hav+ any relation to !m4 ,all c[ peas are1 h[ev]1 beans1 & !y h n mu* use = fro/4 ,!y are n h>dy l ! true pea gr\p4 ,gr[+ ,horse ,beans4 ,does ! soil ne$ to be inoculat$ = horse beans8 ,i int5d to plant five acres ab\t ,janu>y #a1 on ! valley bord] 9 ,plac] c\nty & !y get heavy fro/ 9 ! morn+4 ,does fro/ hurt !m8 ,h[ %all ,i plant !m8 ,cali=nia exp]i5ce is t horse beans gr[ readily )\t inoculation ( ! se$4 ,q a good gr[? ( ! plant is be+ secur$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! coa/ region :]e ! plant seems to ?rive be/4 ,x is "o ( ! h>die/ ( ! bean family & w endure light fro/4 ,h[ h>dy x w prove 9 y\r place c\ld be told only by a local exp]im5t4 ,:e!r x c be plant$ aft] fro/ dang] is ov]1 z corn is1 & make satisfactory gr[? & product 9 ! dry heat ( ! int]ior summ] mu/ also be det]m9$ by exp]i5ce4 ,! horse bean is a tall gr[+1 upright plant :i* is successfully gr[n 9 r[s f> en\gh ap>t = cultivation1 say ab\t #b #a_/b feet1 ! se$ dropp$ ?9ly s t ! plants w /& f #f in*es to #a foot ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,gr[+ ,ca/or ,beans4 ,give in=mation on ! ca/or oil bean2 ! k9d ( bean be/ to plant1 :5 to plant & h>ve/1 ! be/ soil1 & :]e "o c m>ket !m4 ,ca/or bean gr[+ has be5 und]tak5 f "t to "t s9ce #ahfj 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,cali=nia4 ,!re is no difficulty ab\t gett+ a satisfactory gr[? ( ! plant 9 p>ts ( ! ,/ate :]e moi/ure en\gh c be dep5d$ ^u4 ,al?\gh ! gr[+ ( beans is easy en\gh1 ! h>ve/+ is a difficult proposition1 because 9 ,cali=nia ! clu/]s rip5 f "t to "t1 h to be ga!r$ by h&1 to be put 9 ! sun to dry1 & f9ally ?re%$ :5 !y are popp+ prop]ly4 ,! l[ price1 9 connection ) ! am\nt ( h& "w :i* has to be done ^u ! crop1 has remov$ all ! attractions = ,cali=nia gr[]s4 ,!re is also1 "s ye>s1 an excess ( production 9 ! c5tral ,we/1 :i* causes prices to fall & makes x /ill m impracticable to make money f ! crop ) ! ord9>y rates ( labor4 ,! oil _c be economically extract$ except by ! aid ( ! mo/ effective ma*9]y & a well equipp$ e/abli%m5t4 ,oil-mak+ 9 ! rude way 9 :i* x is conduct$ 9 ,india w\ld c]ta9ly n be pr(itable "h4 ,legume ,se$ ,inoculation4 ,is !re any virtue 9 inoculat+ plants ) ! bact]ia t "s se$ firms (f]8 ,i ref] to su* plants z peas & beans4 ,if ! l& is yield+ good crops ( ^! plants & ! roots are nodul$1 x does n ne$ addition ( g]ms4 ,if ! gr[? is scant ev5 :5 !re is en\gh moi/ure pres5t & ! roots are free f nodules1 ! presumption is t g]ms %\ld be add$4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 add$ g]ms are n ne$$ 9 ,cali=nia because our great legume crops are made )\t inoculation4 ,presumably1 burr clov] & our ho/ ( native legumes h already *>g$ ! soil ) !m4 ,if1 h[ev]1 su* plants d n d well1 try inoculation by all means1 to see if abs5ce ( g]ms is ! reason = su* failure or :e!r y mu/ look = "s o!r reason4 ,if ! results are satisfactory1 y may h made a great ga9 by introduction ( desirable soil organisms :i* y c ext5d z y l by ! di/ribution ( ! g]m-lad5 soil f ! areas :i* h be5 giv5 t "* by inoculation ( ! se$4 ,beans on ,irrigat$ ,mesas4 ,w\ld :ite & p9k beans d well on ! r$ orange l& at ,pal]mo ) pl5ty ( wat]8 ,i h 9 m9d hill l&1 ! hills be+ v r$ & runn+ into a d>k soil 9 ! l[] "p4 ,h[ _m beans c\ld ,i get p] acre8 ,probably no?+ w\ld be bett] = ! l& or = ! future ne$s ( ! trees ?an to gr[ beans4 ,an av]age crop ( beans1 = ! :ole ,/ate & all k9ds ( beans1 is ab\t "o ton to ! acre4 ,:at y w get by irrigation on hot upl&s we d n "k4 ,beans d n l dry heat1 ev5 if ! soil moi/ure is adequate4 ,!y d n fructify well ev5 :5 !y gr[ well4 ,! p9k bean does be/ "u su* conditions4 ,all beans1 except horse beans1 mu/ be br\ght up aft] fro/ dang]s are all ov]1 & ?is br+s !m into high heat almo/ f ! />t 9 su* a place z y m5tion4 ,y %\ld f9d out locally h[ beans p]=m "u su* conditions z y h1 be=e und]tak+ mu* inve/m5t4 ,leases = ,sug> ,beets4 ,i h l& 9 ,yolo c\nty t has made an av]age yield ye>ly ( f #ab to #ah sacks ( :eat & b>ley4 ,a beet sug> company proposes r5t+ ?is l& & plant x to sug> beets & ,i w\ld pref] n to consid] any agreem5t ( less ?an five ye>s' duration4 ,! p>ticul> po9t t ,i w\ld l to h y advise me on is ! effect sug> beet has ^u ! soil4 ,y c]ta9ly h good soil1 & x is n /range t a sug> company %\ld desire to r5t x = its purposes4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a great "q z to :e!r x w\ld be desirable to run to beets cont9ually = five ye>s4 ,beets make a /rong draft on "s compon5ts ( ! soil1 & x is a common exp]i5ce t !y %\ld n be gr[n ye> aft] ye> = a long p]iod1 b %\ld take _! place 9 a rotation1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* "o or two crops ( beets %\ld be foll[$ by a crop ( gra91 & t if possible by a legum9\s plant l alfalfa or an annual legume l burr clov] us$ = pa/urage1 & !n to beets aga94 ,beets improve soil = gra91 because ( ! deep runn+ ( ! root1 & because beet culture is n pr(itable )\t deep pl[+ & cont9u\s summ] cultivation4 ,?is deep5s & cleans ! l& to ! manife/ advantage ( ! gra9 crop1 b /ill ! beet r$uces ! plant food 9 ! soil & "s *ange ( crop %\ld be made ) ref]5ce to its re/oration4 ,we w\ld mu* pref] to lease x = two ye>s ?an = five ye>s ( beet gr[+4 ,topp+ ,mangel ,wurzels4 ,does x h>m ! mangel wurzels if _! tops ore cut (f once a mon?8 ,remov+ leaves w decrease ! size & h>d5 ! tissues ( ! beet root4 ,if y wi% to gr[ ! plant = ! top1 ! root w cont9ue to put out leaves = y = a "t2 if y gr[ x = ! size & quality ( ! root1 y ne$ all ! leaf-action y c get1 !re=e d n r$uce ! foliage4 ,bloom+ ,brussels ,spr\ts4 ,are ,brussels spr\ts male & female8 ,"s ( my plants are fl[]+ & %[ no signs ( spr\ts1 :ile ^? t are n1 %[ "s small eyes at /em t look l "y spr\ts4 ,brussels spr\ts ought to =m ! spr\ts )\t fl[]+1 j z a cabbage heads )\t fl[]+4 ,^? plants :i* %[ fl[]s h be5 /opp$ by dr\ght or o!rwise1 & h tak5 on prematurely ! second /age ( gr[? :i* is productive ( se$ & is undesirable f ! po9t ( view ( gr[+ heads4 ,blan*+ ,cel]y4 ,i desire to "k ! diff]5t me?ods by :i* ! cel]y is blea*$1 & p>ticul>ly :e!r bo>ds or o!r mat]ial o!r ?an e>? is us$ = ?is purpose4 ,!re is "s blan*+ ( cel]y ) bo>ds1 clo? wrapp+s1 boot-legs1 old tiles1 sew] pipes1 etc41 9 m>ket g>d5s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 b ! great comm]cial product ( cel]y = export is blan*$ :olly by pil+ ! light1 dry e>? aga9/ ! gr[+ plant4 ,z we d n h ra9s dur+ ! gr[+ season & z ! soil on :i* cel]y is *iefly gr[n is p>ticul>ly co>se 9 its texture1 !re is no ru/+ or /a9+ f ?is me?od ( blan*+4 ,x %akes out clean & bright4 ,conditions :i* make e>?-blan*+ undesirable 9 ! humid region d n exi/ "h4 ,corn 9 ! ,sacram5to ,valley4 ,is x practical to raise corn 9 ! ,sacram5to volley8 ,are ! soil & climatic conditions suitable8 ,! success ( corn on pla9s & upl&s 9 ! ,sacram5to valley has n yet be5 fully demon/rat$1 al?\gh good corn is gr[n on riv] bottom l&s1 & x is possible t mu* m may be done ) ?is gra9 9 ! future ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,corn does n enjoy ! dry heat ( ! pla9s1 & ev5 :5 irrigat$ seems to be dissatisfi$ ) x4 ,h[ f> we %all succe$ 9 gett+ v>ieties :i* w endure dry heat & /ill be l>ge & productive w ere long be det]m9$ by ! exp]im5ts :i* are 9 progress4 ,! old ,sacram5to valley f>m] has be5 ju/ifi$ to "s degree 9 8 conclusion t 8 is n a corn c\ntry4 ,/ill x may appe> s lat]4 ,plant ,corn 9 ,w>m ,gr\nd4 ,i also put 9 a lot ( corn & none ( x came up4 ,! gr\nd 0 damp & r cold1 z well z be+ alkali4 ,corn %\ld nev] be plant$ 9 cold1 wet gr\nd - 9 fact1 v few se$s %\ld be4 ,besides1 corn has no use = alkali4 ,sweet ,corn 9 ,cali=nia4 ,i h be5 in=m$ t sweet corn _c be rais$ 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry1 an acc\nt ( worms eat+ ! k]nels be=e ! e> has matur$4 ,is !re any me?od ( ov]com+ ?is difficulty8 ,y h be5 correctly in=m$ conc]n+ ! difficulty 9 gr[+ sweet corn4 ,al?\gh _m exp]im5ts h be5 made1 no me?od ( ov]com+ ?is pe/ has yet be5 demon/rat$4 ,= ?is reason cann+ ( corn is n und]tak5 9 ?is ,/ate1 & = ! same reason mo/ ( ! gre5 corn e>s sold 9 our m>kets h ! tops ( ! e>s amputat$4 ,x is sometimes possible to escape ! worm by plant+ r late1 s t ! e>s %all develop aft] ! mo?1 :i* is p>5t ( ! worm1 has deposit$ its eggs4 ,=c+ ,cucumb]s4 ,give in=mation on gr[+ hot-h\se cucumb]s1 & also if y ?9k x w\ld pay me to g into ! bus9ess 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,=c+ ( cucumb]s has be5 und]tak5 = a numb] ( ye>s 9 ,cali=nia & =m]ly 0 consid]$ unpr(itable because cucumb]s gr[n 9 ! op5 air 9 fro/less places came 9 be=e ! =c$ product c\ld be sold out at suffici5tly high prices to make ! v5ture pr(itable4 ,rec5tly1 h[ev]1 ow+ to our increas$ population 9 cities & l>g] dem& ( products out ( season1 =c+ becomes m promis+ & is wor?y ( att5tion4 ,=c+ ( cucumb]s 9 ,cali=nia c be done at v mu* less exp5se1 ( c\rse1 ?an else:]e1 because ( ! abundance ( w9t] sun%9e & ! fact t suffici5tly high temp]atures c be secur$ 9 glass h\ses ) exce$+ly little if any artificial heat3 ,! *ances ( gr[+ cucumb]s out ( season = %ipm5t ea/w>d & nor?w>d c be discuss$ ) ! (fic]s ( ! ,cali=nia ,vegetable ,gr[]s' ,union1 :i* has (fices & w>eh\se 9 ,los ,angeles4 ,cucumb] ,gr[+4 ,i h a piece ( r$ s-call$ orange l& :i* has produc$ excell5t :eat4 ,w y give in=mation ab\t its adaptability to cucumb]s8 ,are !re pickle factories 9 ! ,/ate :i* w\ld dem& !m 9 quantities1 & is !re mu* o!r dem& = !m8 ,ab\t :5 %\ld !y be plant$1 & h[ mu* wat] w\ld !y ne$8 ,! cucumb] ne$s a ret5tive soil :i* does n crack & bake1 & su* a soil is made by abundance ( organic matt]4 ,y\r orange soil1 unless heavily treat$ ) /able manure & giv5 pl5ty ( "t = dis9tegration1 w\ld probably give y di/ressful cucumb] plants1 if x has come "r out ( :eat-gr[+4 ,besides1 cucumb]s d n l dry heat1 ev5 if ! soil be kept moi/ by irrigation4 ,oranges w d well "u conditions n favorable to cucumb]s4 ,cucumb] plants mu/ come up aft] dang] ( fro/ is ov]4 ,! am\nt ( wat] !y require dep5ds ^u h[ moi/ ! soil is naturally1 & z ! crop is *iefly gr[n on moi/ riv] l&s & ar\nd ! bay1 x is *iefly made )\t irrigation4 ,su* l&s h a cucumb] capacity equal to ! consumption ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 probably1 & ! pickle factories c usually get all !y c use at a m9imum transportation co/4 ,l>ge-scale plant+s %\ld only be made by m5 :o "k ! crop & h def9ite in=mation or contract = :at !y c get = x4 ,g+] 9 ,cali=nia4 ,we h g+] roots 9 a gr[+ condition ) spr\ts & bulbs gr[+ an !m1 b we d n und]/& h[ to raise ! plants4 ,gr[+ g+] 9 ,cali=nia 9 a comm]cial way has n be5 work$ out1 al?\gh roots h be5 introduc$ f "t to "t4 ,plant y\r roots 9 ! g>d51 j z y w\ld callas1 :]e y c give !m good cultivation & wat]1 z seems to be necess>y1 & note _! behavior "u ^! favorable conditions be=e y und]take any l>ge inve/m5t 9 a crop4 ,licorice ,gr[+ 9 ,cali=nia4 ,i h = "s "t be5 seek+ f> "s in=mation z to ! me?od ( prep>ation = m>ket & sale ( licorice roots4 ,i h a lot ( !m & h nev] be5 able to f9d a m>ket1 & d n "k h[ !y are prep>$ = m>ket4 ,licorice 0 fir/ plant$ 9 ,cali=nia ab\t #ahhj by ! late ,isaac ,lea1 ( ,flor91 ,sacram5to c\nty4 ,mr4 ,lea grew a consid]able am\nt ( licorice roots & gave mu* ef=t to f9d+ a m>ket = x4 ,he f\nd t ! local consumption ( licorice root 0 too small to w>rant gr[+ x z a crop2 t ! high price ( labor 9 digg+ ! roots1 & ! high co/ ( transportation ( ! roots to ,ea/]n m>kets w\ld make x impossible = him to und]take competition 9 ! ,ea/]n m>kets ) ! ,sicilian produc]s1 unless1 p]haps1 he c\ld build an extract+ factory & m>ket licorice extract1 ! black solid :i* is sold by ! druggi/1 & :i* ! ,sicilians produce 9 l>ge quantities4 ,! prep>ation ( licorice root is simply digg+ & dry+1 b ! prep>ation ( ! extract requires /eam extractors & cond5s]s4 ,cali=nia c\ld produce licorice1 = we h a good climate = x4 ,if x is gr[n on light1 s&y loams1 x c\ld be pull$ f ! gr\nd by ! y>d at r small exp5se1 & yet1 "o %\ld n und]take ! production unless he wi%$ to put 9 mu* "t & money 9 work+ up economical production & m>ket+ 9 competition ) ! =eign product1 produc$ by *eap labor & ) ! advantage ( processes well kn[n & e/abli%$ by long usage4 ,exp]im5ts %\ld be circumspectly und]tak51 = licorice is "o ( ! wor/ we$s 9 ! _w1 & extremely difficult ( eradication probably4 ,gr[+ ,l5tils4 ,give in=mation reg>d+ ! plant+ & rais+ ( l5tils4 ,c !y be gr[n 9 ! ,sacram5to valley 9 ! vic9ity ( ,colusa1 & at a pr(it8 ,l5tils are z easily gr[n 9 ,cali=nia z common peas1 & w d well z a field crop if />t$ dur+ ! ra9y season1 z !y are h>dy en\gh to survive our ord9>y valley fro/s4 ,) respect to l5tils1 x may be said t excell5t z ^! legumes are = _m purposes1 !y d n seem to be well kn[n to ,am]ican consum]s1 & !re=e ! am\nt to be gr[n is limit$1 until y "k :o w buy l>g] quantities ( !m at a good price4 ,canada ,peas = ,se$4 ,i want to raise ,canada peas = ! se$4 ,9 :at mon? ( ! ye> is ! be/ "t to plant !m2 also h[ _m p\nds to ! acre to be s[$ broadca/ on roll+ l& 9 ,napa8 ,broadca/ f #hj to #ajj p\nds ( se$ p] acre z soon z y c get ! gr\nd into good condition4 ,:at y get w dep5d mu* ^u h[ late spr+ ra9s hold ?is ye>4 ,we %\ld only try a small area ?is ye> to see :at happ5s1 = y probably %\ld h />t$ e>li] 9 ! season4 ,on upl&s x w always be a "q :e!r y\r soil w hold moi/ure en\gh to mature a good se$ crop4 ,gr[+ ,niles ,peas4 ,h[ %all ,i plant & h&le a crop ( ,niles peas8 ,niles peas are h>dy & w make a good crop on any good soil1 if plant$ e>ly 9 ! season s z to make ! ma9 "p ( _! gr[? be=e ! heat ( ! summ] comes on4 ,"u g>d5 conditions !y c1 ( c\rse1 be gr[n all summ]4 ,transplant+ ,lettuce4 ,i h lettuce plants t h be5 transplant$ to head4 ,occasionally ,i f9d a head t has )]$ away & ^u exam9+ x f9d x rott$ away at ! /em4 ,c y sugge/ a rem$y = x8 ,y\r lettuce plants are de/roy$ by ! damp+1 (f fungus4 ,x w\ld be prev5table by r$uc+ ! am\nt ( moi/ure until ! transplant$ plant _h opportunity to re-e/abli% itself 9 ! soil & ?us come into condition to take wat]4 ,! *ance ( x c\ld also be r$uc$ by us+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( s& 9 connection ) ! soil1 unless x is already v s&y1 & by a %all[ cov]+ ( s& on ! surface ar\nd ! plants aft] !y are reset1 9 ord] to prev5t too great accumulation ( moi/ure4 ,h&l+ ,w9t] ,melons4 ,give p>ticul>s reg>d+ h>ve/+1 /orag+1 & %ipm5t ( w9t] melons4 ,h[ d y h>ve/ & pack !m = di/ant m>ket8 ,!re is no p>ticul> sy/em 9 ! h&l+ ( w9t] melons4 ,!y are ga!r$ into piles on gr\nd :]e wat] w n ga!r & cov]$ ) ! tra% ( ! v9es on :i* !y gr[4 ,!y w keep = mon?s 9 ?is way1 z our autumn temp]atures d n freeze !m4 ,o!r gr[]s collect !m 9 op5 %$s %ad$ f sun & ra91 & /ill o!rs put !m into b>ns or %all[ cell>s "u build+s1 etc4 ,! melons are v durable & seem dispos$ to keep 9 any old way4 ,! melons are %ipp$ 9 l>ge pack+ cases ) slat sides1 or 9 ! small] slat crates t are us$ = summ] cantal\pes4 ,no pack+ is us$1 g5]ally4 ,if x seem$ necess>y1 a little clean /raw w\ld be suffici5t4 ,ripe ,melons4 ,h[ c ,i tell :5 a wat]melon is fully ripe8 ,:at is ! me?od us$ by gr[]s 9 pick+ = comm]cial %ipp+8 ,g5tly press ! sides ( a melon & if x crackles a little bit1 all "r2 if x makes no s\nd !n g to ano!r4 ,comm]cial pick]s look at ! little spiral betwe5 ! melon & ! ne>e/ leaf4 ,if x is )]$ !y pick ! melon1 if fre%1 pass x until next pick+4 ,gr[+ ,onion ,se$ & ,sets4 ,w y give localities ( ! lead+ production ( onion se$ or dry sets 9 y\r ,/ate8 ,onion se$ is gr[n 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 l>gely 9 ! ,santa ,cl>a valley adjac5t to ! city ( ,san ,jose4 ,onion sets are l>gely produc$ 9 ,orange c\nty1 ne> ,los ,angeles1 = ea/]n %ipm5t1 = :i* purpose !y are gr[n "u contract4 ,rip5+ ,onions4 ,i am rais+ "s onions f bottom sets & z !y are gr[+ nicely & are beg9n+ to swell at ! bulb "s advise me to cut ! tops (f & "s advise me to b5d !m ov] or tramp !m d[n4 ,d n cut (f ! tops ( ! onions4 ,if !y seem to be ov]gr[+ & n dispos$ to rip5 ! bulb1 ! top c be brok5 d[n1 ?us p>tly arre/+ ! vegetative en]gy ( ! plant & caus+ maturity4 ,onions f ,sets4 ,w onion sets plant$ 9 ,july gr[ & mature 9 ! fall mon?s8 ,good onion sets gr[n dur+ ! w9t] & spr+ %\ld be mature by ,july & if plant$ aft] dry+ w\ld proce$ to make a full gr[? ( l>ge onions if gr[+ conditions %\ld be "r = !m2 t is1 ! soil moi/ & ! temp]ature n too high4 ,h[ ,_m ,crops ( ,onion ,se$8 ,does ! gr[+ ( onion se$ exhau/ adobe l&1 & if s1 h[ _m ye>s' cropp+ be=e x requires re/ or f]tiliz+8 ,! gr[? ( any se$ crop1 includ+ c]eal gra9s1 ( c\rse1 makes a supreme draft ^u soil f]tility4 ,h[ long a c]ta9 soil c /& x1 dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( f]tility x has :5 ! draft beg9s4 ,! be/ r\gh way to tell h[ x is go+1 is to wat* ! gr[? & crop1 :5 moi/ure conditions are kn[n to be favorable4 ,if y get a good gr[? ( ! plant x is /ill good to make ! se$4 ,onions f ,se$4 ,w onions f se$ mature ! same season if !y are irrigat$8 ,"s tell u !y w n1 s we w\ld be v mu* pleas$ to he> f y4 ,onions gr[n f ! se$ d fully develop dur+ ! gr[+ season foll[+ ! plant+ ( ! se$4 ,9 fact1 ne>ly all ,cali=nia onions are gr[n 9 t way4 ,our gr[+ season is s long t we d n ne$ to use onion sets to any ext5t1 z !y d 9 %ort-summ] climates4 ,dry ,f>m+ ) ,*ili ,pepp]s4 ,if ,i set *ili pepp] plants d[n six or eight in*es l[] ?an ! surface ( ! gr\nd & fill 9 z ! plants gr[ l>g]1 w ?is help 9 case ,i c\ld n get wat] en\gh8 ,my soil is a deep s&y loam4 ,we h _h betwe5 five & six in*es ( ra94 ,d y ?9k wat] e fifte5 days w\ld be en\gh8 ,on su* light soil z y m5tion1 ! plants c be plant$ deeply & a c]ta9 am\nt ( soil br\ght up to ! plants by cultivation )\t injury4 ,z ?is plant has a long gr[+ season & matures its crop r late1 y w und\bt$ly ne$ irrigation4 ,probably irrigation twice a mon? w be suffici5t 9 connection ) good cultivation1 b y w h to wat* ! plants & apply ! wat] z x seems to be ne$$1 r ?an by a specific s*eme ( days4 ,h>ve/+ ,peanuts4 ,i w\ld l in=mation reg>d+ ! cur+ ( peanuts4 ,%\ld !y be blea*$1 &1 if s1 h[ is x done8 ,does blea*+ affect ! keep+ qualities8 ,x is n usual to blea* peanuts4 ,!y %\ld be gr[n 9 su* light soil t !y w n be /a9$1 & ! common me?od ( cur+ is to dig or pl[ up1 ?r[ ! v9es1 ) nuts atta*$1 into w9dr[s & all[ !m to lie a week or t5 days = dry+4 ,!n ! nuts are pick$ into sacks & clean$ be=e %ipm5t 9 revolv+ drums1 foll[$ by a gra9 fan :i* ?r[s out ! light nuts & o!r rubbi%4 ,blea*+ w\ld n de/roy ! keep+ quality probably1 b x w\ld de/roy ! flavor & ! g]m9at+ p[]4 ,! latt] w\ld n matt]1 except ) su* nuts z y wi% to keep = se$1 because ! roa/+ de/roys ! g]m9at+ p[] also1 b sulphur+1 :i* w\ld r$uce ! flavor1 w\ld give ! product a bad "n4 ,possibly "s gr[]s d blea*+1 b1 if s1 !y h to be pretty c>eful ab\t x4 ,! co/ ( ! op]ation w\ld also be a b> to pr(it1 = peanuts are gr[n on a n>r[ m>g9 ow+ to competition ) importations gr[n ) *eap labor4 ,adobe & ,peanuts4 ,is adobe l& good = ! peanut8 ,is x h>d] to />t ?an 9 o!r soils or n8 ,x is n good at all4 ,peanuts require ! f9e/1 mell[e/ loam ) s& en\gh to prev5t cru/1 & moi/ure ev5 & cont9u\s4 ,! surface mu/ be kept loose s t ! plant c bury its own bloom /em & ! "u soil light & clean s t x w readily %ake f ! nuts & n /a9 !m4 ,adobe is ! wor/ soil y c\ld f9d = peanuts4 ,cutt+ ,potatoes4 ,:at w\ld be ! mo/ pr(itable potato to plant 9 ! ,sal9as valley1 & h[ small c a potato be cut up = plant+8 ,h[ _m eyes %\ld ea* piece conta9 9 ord] to make a good gr[? & be pr(itable8 ,probably ! be/ potato = y\r di/rict w\ld be ! ,burbank1 :i* is l>gely gr[n ne> ,sal9as & br+s ! highe/ price4 ,x is cu/om>y to cut a m$ium-siz$ potato 9 two pieces & a l>ge "o 9 f\r pieces4 ,"o c be v economical ( se$ by small] cutt+1 b x w\ld require ! mo/ favorable conditions to br+ a vigor\s gr[?4 ,probably pieces weigh+ n less ?an two ounces w\ld be be/ "u ord9>y conditions4 ,potatoes :i* are r small may be us$ = se$ if well matur$ & h good eyes4 ,x is dang]\s1 h[ev]1 to use ! small /uff - too small = sale4 ,unless ! soil & moi/ure conditions are extra favorable1 ! gr[? w be weak & unsatisfactory4 ,potato ,plant+4 ,h[ _m sacks ( potatoes are to be plant$ to an acre1 & h[ _m eyes are to be left 9 a se$8 ,if1 = in/ance1 we plant se$ ) ?ree eyes1 h[ _m potatoes %\ld we get f t v9e8 ,potatoes are plant$ all ! way f five to fifte5 sacks to ! acre1 probably ab\t t5 sacks be+ ! av]age4 ,!re is no p>ticul> numb] ( eyes specifi$ 9 prep>+ ! se$1 accord+ to common practice4 ,good m$ium-siz$ potatoes are g5]ally cut 9 two pieces crosswise1 & l>ge potatoes 9 f\r pieces1 cutt+ bo? ways4 ,!re is no def9ite relation betwe5 ! numb] ( eyes plant$ & ! numb] ( potatoes com+ f !m4 ,?is has be5 ! subject ( innum]able exp]im5ts1 & ! conclusion is t ! crop is m dep5d5t ^u good soil & favorable gr[+ conditions ?an ^u any way ( prep>+ ! se$4 ,nor!rn ,potatoes = ,se$4 ,d y reg>d nor!rn-gr[n se$ potatoes suffici5tly bett] to make x wor? :ile pay+ freight on !m f ! ,/ate ( ,wa%+ton8 ,exp]i5ce seems to indicate ! sup]iority ( nor!rn-gr[n se$ potatoes1 n only 9 ?is ,/ate1 b on ! ,atlantic ,coa/1 & !y are l>gely dep5d$ ^u4 ,sy/ematic demon/ration by comp>ative te/s has be5 made by ! ,v]mont /ation & pref]5ce = nor!rn-gr[n se$ seems1 to be ju/ifi$4 ,potato ,plant+4 ,i h t5 acres ( l& 9 ,plac] c\nty :i* ,i propose to put into potatoes next spr+4 ,x has be5 recomm5d$ to me to put potatoes 9 z e>ly z ,janu>y4 ,x seems to me t ,janu>y is r e>ly2 h[ev]1 x is said t ?is l& is 9 ! orange belt & practically free f fro/4 ,:e!r y c plant potatoes to advantage 9 ,janu>y or n dep5ds ^u ! temp]atures :i* y are likely to meet aft] t date1 also :e!r ! gr\nd is w>m en\gh 9 ,janu>y1 because !re is no advantage 9 plant+ 9 cold gr\nd nor 9 soil t is too wet at ! "t4 ,! e>lie/ potatoes1 ( c\rse1 come f plant+ mu* e>li] ?an ,janu>y2 usually z soon z ! gr\nd is moi/5$ en\gh 9 ! autumn4 ,! potato w /& "s fro/1 b autumn plant+ is n feasible 9 places :i* are "u h>d freez+ or receive too mu* cold ra9 wat]4 ,potatoes ,%\ld be ,plant$ ,e>ly4 ,i h ,e>ly ,rose potatoes plant$ ab\t ,may fir/4 ,! tops look f9e1 b !re are few potatoes & small1 &1 ?\gh n develop$1 h comm5c$ gr[+ a second "t1 spr\ts />t+ f ! new potatoes4 ,:5 %\ld ,i plant & :at c>e %\ld !y h8 ,y\r potatoes act peculi>ly because ( int]mitt5t moi/ure - ! plant be+ arre/$ by dr\ght & !n />t+ aga91 :i* is v undesirable4 ,to avoid ?is1 potatoes %\ld be plant$ e>li] s z to get a l>ge "p ( _! gr[? dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,if plant$ late ! gr\nd %\ld be well wet d[n by irrigation1 & !n pl[$ & cultivat$1 & irrigation %\ld be us$ :ile ! plant is gr[+ well4 ,if ?is is done1 potatoes c be successfully gr[n by irrigation1 b if ! l& is all[$ to become dry ! plant is arre/$ 9 its gr[? = a "t & a second & undesirable gr[? is />t$4 ,potato ,balls4 ,i f9d 9 potato writ+s ( =ty ye>s ago t ! se$ f ! potato balls :i* =m on ! tops ( ! plants is recomm5d$ = gr[+ ! be/ potatoes4 ,9 lat] books ,i f9d no m5tion ( !m & all are advis$ h[ to cut ! tub]s to get se$ potatoes4 ,! se$ ( ! potato plant :i* is f\nd 9 ! balls :i* develop on ! tops ( ! plant is only valuable = ! orig9ation ( new v>ieties1 ) ! *ance1 ( c\rse1 t mo/ ( !m w be inf]ior to ! tub]s produc$ by ! plant :i* be>s ! se$4 ,!re=e1 ^! se$s are ( no comm]cial importance4 ,!re has also sometimes develop$ ^u ! top ( ! plant :at is call$ an a]ial tub]1 :i* is ev5 ( less value ?an ! se$ ball1 because x does n conta9 se$ nor is x good z a tub]4 ,=ty ye>s ago !re 0 a great dem& = new] & bett] k9ds ( potatoes :i* has1 s9ce t "t1 be5 l>gely suppli$1 & comm]cial potato-gr[+ consi/s 9 multiply+ ! /&>d v>ieties :i* be/ suit ! soil & ! m>ket4 ,?is is done by plant+ ! tub] itself1 :i* is really a root-cutt+ & !re=e reproduces its own k9d4 ,^? :o are orig9at+ new k9ds ( potatoes /ill use se$ f ! balls1 ei!r tak+ _! *ances by natural v>iation or1 by hybridiz+ ! blossoms1 increas+ ! *ances = v>iation f :i* desirable v>ieties are tak5 by selection1 to be aft]w>d multipli$ by gr[? f ! tub]s4 ,se$-,ends ( ,potatoes4 ,is x bad practice to plant ! se$-ends ( potatoes8 ,! se$-end ( ! potato is ! lea/ valuable "p ( x1 b x is bett] probably to plant ?an to reject x4 ,! ,moon & ,potato ,plant+4 ,is !re any f\ndation to ! (t-repeat$ /ory ab\t potatoes 9 ! light ( ! moon runn+ to tops & ! d>k ( ! moon to spuds8 ,if we paid any att5tion to ! moon 9 plant+1 we %\ld plant 9 ! d>k ( ! moon s z to give ! plant opportunity to make use ( :atev] additional light ! full moon af=d$4 ,plant+ ,:ole ,potatoes4 ,"o man /ates ! only way to cut se$ is to take a potato & cut ! ends (f & n divide ! potato any m2 or1 9 o!r words1 a :ole potato = ea* se$4 ,good results are obta9$ by plant+ :ole potatoes1 b 9 t case !re is no advantage 9 remov+ ! ends4 ,h[ to ,cut ,se$ ,potatoes4 ,w\ld x pay 9 returns to use l>ge potatoes = se$ 9 pref]5ce to culls8 ,l>ge potatoes are bett] ?an culls1 b m$ium-siz$ potatoes are bett] ?an ei!r4 ,_m exp]im5ts h be5 made to det]m9e ?is4 ,at ! ,arkansas /ation :ole tub]s two to ?ree in*es 9 diamet] yield$ #ah p] c5t m ?an small :ole tub]s ?ree-qu>t]s to "o & "o-qu>t] in*es 9 diamet]1 & l>ge cut tub]s yield$ #ae4h p] c5t m ?an small cut tub]s4 ,cutt+ ,potatoes to ,s+le ,eyes4 ,"s say only "o eye to a piece2 o!rs say sev]al eyes - :i* is bett]8 ,9 "o exp]im5t potatoes cut to s+le eyes ) ea* piece weigh+ "o-sixte5? ( an ounce yield$ #dd bu%els to ! acre1 :ile s+le eyes on two-ounce pieces yield$ #agg bu%els to ! acre4 ,exp]im5ts 9 ,indiana %[$ t ! yield usually increas$ ) ! weight ( ! set & t ! exact numb] ( eyes p] cutt+ is relatively unimportant4 ,potato ,scab4 ,c potatoes be treat$ 9 any way be=e plant+ to prev5t ! new ones f be+ :at is call$ scabby8 ,!re are two successful treatm5ts = scab 9 potatoes4 ,"o is dipp+ 9 a solution ( corrosive sublimate4 ,dissolve "o ounce 9 eight gallons ( wat] & soak ! se$ potatoes 9 ?is solution = "o & "o-half h\rs be=e cutt+4 ,?is treatm5t kills ! scab spores :i* may be ^u ! ext]ior ( ! potatoes4 ,m rec5tly1 h[ev]1 to avoid dang] 9 h&l+ su* a rank poison z corrosive sublimate1 =maldehyde has be5 us$1 & "o p9t ( comm]cial =maldehyde1 z x is b\ght 9 ! /ores1 is dilut$ ) ?irty gallons ( wat]1 & potatoes are soak$ 9 ?is = two h\rs4 ,?irty gallons ( ?is dip ought to treat ab\t fifty bu%els ( potatoes4 ,d\ble-,cropp+ ) ,potatoes4 ,i am told t "h two crops ( potatoes c be rais$ by plant+ ! second crop 9 ,augu/4 ,i h five acres :i* w be ready to dig 9 ,july4 ,c ,i dig ^! ,potatoes & use !m = se$ at once = ano!r crop1 or won't !y gr[8 ,i h a crop ( b>ley1 & z x is head+ out n[1 ,i want to put potatoes on ! gr\nd aft] ,i take ! b>ley (f4 ,i h pl5ty ( wat] to irrigate4 ,if y\r potatoes rip5 9 ,july & y all[ ^? :i* y desire = se$ to lie ^u ! gr\nd & become some:at gre5i%1 !y are likely to spr\t well = a second crop4 ,!y %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be plant$ imm$iately4 ,:e!r y get a second crop successfully or n dep5ds ^u h[ e>ly ! fro/s come 9 y\r di/rict4 ,:e!r y get potatoes aft] b>ley or n dep5ds also ^u h[ mu* moi/ure !re rema9s 9 ! soil4 ,by irrigat+ ?or\ghly aft] h>ve/+ ! gra9 & !n pl[+ deeply = potatoes1 y w\ld d va/ly bett] ?an to plant 9 dry gr\nd & irrigate aft]w>d4 ,:5 to ,plant ,potatoes4 ,i h be5 puzzl$ to und]/& ,potato gr[+ 9 ,cali=nia4 ,d y h m ?an "o cropp+ season1 & if s1 ab\t :at dates are !y due8 ,e mon? 9 ! ye> potatoes are be+ put into ! gr\nd & be+ tak5 out ( ! gr\nd some:]e 9 ,cali=nia4 ,we h1 !n1 practically a cont9u\s plant+ & h>ve/+ season4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a division possible to make 9 ?is way3 ,plant+s und]tak5 9 ,septemb] & ,octob] are = w9t] supplies ( new potatoes1 :i* beg9 ab\t ! holidays & cont9ue dur+ ! w9t]4 ,!re is also 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia a plant+ beg9n+ 9 ,janu>y1 :i* might be call$ ! e>lie/ plant+ = ! ma9 crop1 & o!r plant+s = ! ma9 crop 9 ! c5tral & nor!rn p>ts ( ! ,/ate beg9 9 ,febru>y & cont9ue until ,may1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! l&2 t is1 :e!r x is upl&1 on :i* ! plant+ is e>li]1 or :e!r x is l[l& along ! riv]s :]e excessive moi/ure may r5d] ! l& unsuitable until ,april or ,may4 ,! h>ve/+ ( ! ma9 crop !n beg9s 9 ,may & cont9ues dur+ ! :ole ( ! summ]1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! l& cropp$ ov]1 lapp+ ! plant+ "t = e>ly potatoes fir/ m5tion$4 ,x is also true by use ( prop]ly matur$ se$ "o c secure1 9 "s places1 two crops a ye>1 if !re is suffici5t inducem5t !re=4 ,?us x comes ab\t t we are cont9ually plant+ & digg+ potatoes accord+ to local conditions & ! possibility ( sell+ advantages4 ,keep+ ,potatoes4 ,advise me h[ to keep my potatoes4 ,:at is ! be/ way8 ,w\ld a d>k room be suitable8 ,"s p are digg+ holes 9 ! gr\nd to put !m 94 ,potatoes1 if prop]ly matur$ & free f disease1 w keep = a consid]able "t 9 d>k rooms kept z cool z possible4 ,!y mu/ be kept away f ! rea* ( ! mo?1 :i* is p>5t to ! worm produc+ long black /r+s inside ( ! potato4 ,if !y are ?or\ghly cov]$ ) bo>ds or sack+ or /raw1 s z to keep ! mo? f rea*+ ! potato1 !y may be held = a long "t 9 ! op5 air1 & cov]+ ) e>?1 z y\r neighbors are do+1 w be all "r until ! ra9s come & cause decay by mak+ ! soil too wet4 ,! ma9 po9t is to keep ! tub]s z cool z possible & out ( rea* ( ! potato mo?4 ,potato ,yield4 ,:at is ! yield p] acre ( potatoes on ! be/ l& ar\nd ,/ockton1 ,cal41 :]e "w is done prop]ly2 also :at is ! yield = potatoes along ! coa/8 ,! av]age yield ( potatoes 9 ,cali=nia1 tak+ ! :ole acreage & product z report$ by ! la/ ,unit$ ,/ates c5sus1 is #adg bu%els to ! acre4 ,9 ,/ockton di/rict1 on good new reclaim$ l& ! yield has be5 report$ all ! way f #cjj to #hjj bu%els p] acre - ! crop decl9+ rapidly :5 cont9u$ on ! same l&4 ,"o ye>'s crop 9 ! ,/ockton di/rict 0 e/imat$ at #de1jjj acres av]ag+ #abe sacks p] acre4 ,! coa/ yield w\ld be m l ! g5]al av]age = ! ,/ate z fir/ giv54 ,new ,potatoes = ,se$4 ,c ,i plant ,am]ican ,wond] potatoes = ! fir/ crop1 & let en\gh ( !m mature to use = se$ = ! second crop1 to be plant$ ! fir/ or middle ( ,july8 ,x is possible to use potatoes gr[n ! same ye> z se$ = ! lat] crop1 provid+ y let ! potatoes mature fir/ by ! complete dy+ d[n ( ! v9es1 & second by digg+ ! potatoes all[ !m to lie 9 ! op5 air1 ) "s protection aga9/ sun-burn+1 until ! potatoes become some:at gre5i%4 ,if ?is is ! case ! eyes w develop & se$ w gr[1 :ile )\t su* treatm5t y might be disappo9t$ 9 _! behavior4 ,( c\rse1 ! "q /ill rema9s :e!r x w\ld be desirable to d ?is or to plant "s lat] v>iety e>li] 9 ! season :5 ! gr[+ conditions w\ld be bett]4 ,potato ,gr[+4 ,9 :at locality are ! be/ e>ly potatoes gr[n 9 ,cali=nia8 ,c !y be rais$ on :eat l&s )\t irrigation z an e>ly crop8 ,e>ly potatoes are gr[n 9 regions ( light fro/s 9 all p>ts ( ! ,/ate - ar\nd ! bay ( ,san ,francisco1 on ! mesas 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia1 & to "s ext5t at slight elevations 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,! potato endures "s fro/1 b "o has1 = an e>ly crop1 to gu>d aga9/ ! locations subject to h>d freez+4 ,mo/ ( our potatoes are gr[n )\t irrigation because1 on upl&s1 w9t] temp]atures favor _! gr[+ dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,! middle-season & late potatoes are gr[n on moi/ l[l&s :]e irrigation is n necess>y4 ,9 prop] situations1 mu* ( ! l& :i* is us$ = potatoes has at "s "t produc$ :eat or b>ley1 corn or sorghum1 & o!r field crops4 ,potatoes ,aft] ,alfalfa4 ,i h be5 a successful potato gr[] 9 ,ohio4 ,i h ! be/ alfalfa soil & x is n[ 9 its f\r? ye> ( productiv5ess 9 t crop4 ,i w\ld l to gr[ potatoes 9 a small way4 ,proce$ j z y w\ld at ! ,ea/ 9 gett+ potatoes ^u a r$ clov] sod4 ,turn "u ! alfalfa deeply n[ if ! soil w "w well1 & roll y\r s&y soil4 ,y mu/ use a %>p pl[ to cut & cov] well4 ,if !re is moi/ure en\gh ! alfalfa1 pl[$ "u 9 ! fall1 ought to be decay$ by ,febru>y1 :5 y c\ld plant potatoes safely1 probably1 unless y\r situation is v fro/y4 ,if y plant e>ly y ought to get ! crop ?r\gh )\t irrigation if y cultivate well & keep ! l& flat4 ,flat or ,hill ,culture = ,potatoes4 ,is x bett] to hill potatoes or n8 ,dur+ ! dry "t ( ! ye> potatoes %\ld be gr[n ) flat cultivation1 except z x may be necess>y to furr[ out betwe5 ! r[s = ! application ( irrigation wat]4 ,potatoes gr[n dur+ ! ra9y season 9 places :]e !re is liable to be too mu* wat]1 c (t5 be hill$ to advantage1 b dry-season cultivation ( practically ev]y?+ %\ld be z flat z possible to reta9 moi/ure ne> ! surface = ! developm5t ( %all[-root+ plants4 ,bad ,conditions = ,potatoes4 ,our potatoes 7 plant$ e>ly & 7 fro/$ sev]al times :ile "y4 ,z we come to h>ve/ !m we f9d !m ) v l>ge gre5 tops b ! potatoes are ab\t ! size ( a h5's egg & f t !y run d[n to ! size ( a pea4 ,! l>g] ones are beg9n+ to s5d out roots1 f\r or five to a potato4 ,! potatoes h n be5 irrigat$ lately & ! gr\nd !y are 9 is dry4 ,! ugly behavior ( y\r potatoes is d\btless due to irregul>ities 9 temp]ature & moi/ure :i* h =c$ ! plants into abnormal or undesirable activity4 ,potatoes %\ld h regul> conditions ( moi/ure s t !y %all proce$ f />t to f9i% & n /op & />t aga91 = ?is w usually make ! crop unsatisfactory & wor?less4 ,excessive moi/ure is n desirable1 b ! requisite am\nt 9 cont9u\s supply is indisp5sable4 ,potatoes on ,heavy ,l&4 ,w potatoes gr[ well 9 adobe l&1 or p>tly adobe1 t has n be5 us$ = sev5 ye>s except = pa/ur+8 ,al?\gh potatoes enjoy be/ ( all a light loam 9 :i* !y c readily exp&1 x is possible to get v good results on heavy l& :i* has be5 us$ = pa/urage = "s ye>s1 provid+ ! l& is brok5 up e>ly & deeply & h>r[$ well 9 advance ( plant+ & ?or\gh cultivation ma9ta9$ :ile ! crop is gr[+4 ,! cont5t ( grass roots & manure :i* ! l& has receiv$ dur+ its p]iod ( graz+ t5ds to make ! soil light] & w also fe$ ! plant well4 ,= ?is reason bett] potatoes are _h on heavy l& aft] pa/urage ?an c\ld be _h on ! same l& if cont9ually us$ = gra9 or = "s o!r crop :i* t5d$ to r$uce ! am\nt ( humus & to make ! l& m rebelli\s 9 cultivation4 ,/orage ( ,se$ ,potatoes4 ,we ne$ potatoes = late plant+ & h f\nd a good lot :i* is be+ held 9 cold /orage at temp]atures f #cd to #cf degrees ,f4 ,!y h n be5 !re long1 h[ev]4 ,w\ld t hurt !m = se$1 & also h[ long c\ld !y be safely left !re n[ be=e plant+8 ,se$ potatoes w\ld n be injur$ 9 /orage1 provid+ ! temp]ature is n all[$ to g bel[ ! freez+ po9t4 ,!y %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be all[$ to rema9 long] 9 /orage1 b %\ld be expos$ to ! sun = ! developm5t ( ! eyes1 ev5 to ! spr\t+ po9t be+ desirable be=e plant+4 ,! gre5+ ( ! potato by ! sun is no disadvantage4 ,we w\ld n ?9k ( plant+ potatoes directly f /orage1 because1 ow+ to ! lack ( developm5t 9 ! eyes1 decay might get ! />t ( g]m9ation4 ,potatoes & ,fro/s4 ,c ,i keep fro/ (f ( potato tops by build+ smudge fires6 ,i w\ld l to plant ab\t ,febru>y #a1 b we usually h a few light fro/s "h dur+ ,m>*4 ,if ,i 7 to turn wat] 9 ! field :5 too cold1 w\ld t keep ! fro/ (f1 & if s1 w\ld ,i h to turn wat] d[n ea* r[1 or w\ld "o furr[ full ( wat] to ab\t e f\r? or six? r[ be en\gh8 ,y c prev5t fro/ by smudg+ = potatoes j z y c = o!r vegetables4 ,! potato1 h[ev]1 ne$s little protection ( ?is k9d & w endure a light fro/ :i* w\ld be de/ructive to tomatoes1 melons1 & o!r m t5d] gr[?s4 ,unless y h a v fro/y situation1 y c c]ta9ly gr[ potatoes )\t fro/ protection1 & !y %\ld be plant$ e>li] ?an ,febru>y fir/ if ! gr\nd is 9 good condition4 ,! great secret ( success 9 gr[+ potatoes 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia is to get a good e>ly />t be=e ! heat & dr\ght come on4 ,wat] w protect f fro/ if ! temp]ature only goes to ab\t #bh degrees & does n /ay !re too long4 ,! m wat] !re is expos$ ! long] may be ! protection1 b probably n aga9/ a l[] temp]ature4 ,gr[+ ,sweet ,potato ,plants4 ,h[ %all ,i make a hot-b$ to raise sweet potato plants8 ,i don't mean to put glass ov] b$1 b want full description ( an up-to-date outfit = rais+ !m4 ,manure hot-b$s h be5 l>gely ab&on$ = gr[+ sweet potato slips1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 y c gr[ !m t way on a small scale or = exp]im5t4 ,9 ! l>ge sweet potato di/ricts1 elaborate arrangem5ts = bottom heat by circulation ( hot wat] or /eam are 9 use4 ,9 a small] way hot air works well4 ,! ,arizona ,exp]im5t ,/ation tells h[ a v good sweet potato hot-b$ at little co/ is con/ruct$ z foll[s3 ,a frame ( r\gh bo>ds sev5 feet wide1 tw5ty feet long & f\rte5 in*es deep is laid d[n ov] two flues made by digg+ two tr5*es "o foot deep & ab\t two feet wide1 l5g?wise ( ! b$4 ,^! tr5*es are cov]$ ) plank or iron ro(+1 & are equipp$ ) a fire pit at "o end & %ort smoke/ack at ! o!r4 ,f\r in*es ( soil is fill$ into ?is b$ & sweet potatoes plac$ ^u x 9 a lay] :i* is !n cov]$ ) two or ?ree in*es m ( soil4 ,l>ge potatoes may be split & laid flat side d[n4 ,! :ole b$ is !n cov]$ ) musl91 op]at+ on a roll] by :i* to cov] & uncov] ! b$4 ,?us prep>$1 ! b$ may easily be kept at a temp]ature ( #fj to #gj degrees ,f4 by sm\ld]+ wood fires 9 ! fire boxes4 ,! potatoes1 kept moi/ at ?is temp]ature1 spr\t promptly & w be ready to transplant 9 ab\t six weeks4 ,a b$ ( ! size m5tion$ w receive five to sev5 bu%els ( se$ roots1 :i* w make slips en\gh to plant an acre or m ( potatoes4 ,gr[+ ,sweet ,potatoes4 ,please in=m me h[ to keep sweet potatoes = se$2 also h[ _m p\nds x takes = "o acre1 & :at di/ance ap>t to plant1 & ! "t to plant4 ,sweet potatoes may be kept f spr\t+ by /orage 9 a cool1 dry place4 ,sweet potatoes are n gr[n by direct cutt+ ( ! tub] z ! ord9>y potato is1 b ! tub]s are put 9 ,janu>y or lat] 9 a hot b$ & ! spr\ts are tak5 (f = plant+ :5 ! gr\nd becomes w>m & all dang] ( fro/ is ov] 9 ! locality4 ,! numb] ( spr\ts requir$ = an acre is f five to t5 ?\s&1 & a bu%el ( small sweet potatoes w produce ab\t two ?\s& spr\ts if prop]ly h&l$ 9 ! hot b$1 :i* consi/s 9 remov+ ! spr\ts :5 !y h atta9$ a height ( five or six in*es1 & 9 ?is way ! potatoes w be yield+ spr\ts 9 succession = "s "t4 ,! spr\ts are plant$ 9 r[s f> en\gh ap>t = horse cultivation4 ,!y are usually hill$ up pretty well aft] />t+ to gr[ well4 ,!y _c be plant$ until ! dang] ( fro/ is ov]1 = !y are mu* m t5d] ?an ,iri% potatoes4 ,sweet ,potato ,gr[+4 ,9 plant+ sweet potatoes1 d we h to make hotb$s j l ^? = tomatoes1 or if j a pla9 se$-b$ w d8 ,is x necess>y to irrigate !m or n8 ,y c b$ y\r sweet potatoes 9 a w>m place on ! sunny side ( a build+ or bo>d f5ce1 & get spr\ts all "r4 ,y w1 h[ev]1 get !m soon] & 9 great] numb]s by us+ a sl[ hotb$ 9 :i* ! manure supply is n too l>ge4 ,! fact t sweet potato gr[]s d use "s artificial heat1 ei!r f manure or by pip+ bottom-heat 9 _! propagat+ h\ses1 is a demon/ration t su* rec\rse is desirable to get be/ results4 ,! necessity ( irrigation dep5ds ^u ! soil & its natural moi/ure supply4 ,on a f9e ret5tive loam1 ! crop is *iefly made )\t irrigation1 if ! plants are all ready to put out 9 ! field z soon z x is safe4 ,if y are late 9 ! plant+1 or if ! soil is dry or likely to dry be=e ! tub]s are gr[n to good size1 irrigation1 "s "t ahead ( ! ne$ ( ! plant1 is ess5tial4 ,sweet ,potatoes4 ,:at k9d ( soil & climate does x take to gr[ sweet potatoes1 & c ,i gr[ !m 9 any "p ( ,contra ,co/a c\nty1 & ab\t :at "t is ! be/ to plant !m8 ,sweet potatoes d be/ 9 a light w>m loam :i* dra9s well & does n bake or cru/ by ra9 or irrigation4 ,spr\t ! tub]s 9 a hot-b$ or cold-frame 9 ,febru>y & break (f ! %oots & plant z soon z y are out ( dang] by fro/4 ,sweet potatoes are m t5d] ?an common potatoes4 ,!re are places 9 ,contra ,co/a c\nty :]e !y d well1 ?\gh "s p>ts ( ! c\nty d n h en\gh summ] heat4 ,sweet ,potatoes ,betwe5 ,fruit ,trees4 ,i am expect+ to gr[ a fall crop ( ab\t tw5ty acres ( sweet potatoes4 ,! l& is a heavy1 s&y loam 9 ! int]ior1 :i* has be5 set out ?is spr+ to almonds1 apricots & prunes4 ,i wi% to gr[ sweet potatoes betwe5 trees4 ,w\ld an irrigation e =ty days be (t5 en\gh8 ,also1 if ei!r sweet or ,iri% potatoes gr[n betwe5 r[s are h>mful to ei!r ( ! v>ieties ( fruit m5tion$8 ,we see no reason :y y %\ld n get y\r crop1 provid+ y d n h to run ! plants into ! fro/y p]iod1 & sweet potatoes w n1 ( c\rse1 /& fro/ z well z ! common potato4 ,! moi/ure :i* y propose to give ought to be en\gh = a ret5tive soil 9 connection ) good cultivation until ! v9es cov] ! gr\nd4 ,gr[+ any crop betwe5 or*>d trees is apt to be an injury to ! trees1 because ( ! spaces :i* are n & _c be adequately cultivat$1 s t ! gr\nd ar\nd ! trees is apt to become compact$ ei!r by ! run ( wat] or ! lack ( cultivation1 or bo?4 ,our obs]vation has be5 t ,iri% potatoes are no m injuri\s ?an o!r crops4 ,any crop w injure "y trees if x takes moi/ure !y ought to h or int]f]es ) good cultivation ( ! l&4 ,giant ,japanese ,radi%4 ,9 discuss+ sakurajima 7giant ,japanese radi%7 ,ea/]n publications advise plant+ late1 ab\t ,augu/ #a1 & n e>li] ?an ,july #a4 ,:at c y tell me ab\t ! plant "h8 ,! ,asiatic w9t] radi%es c be successfully plant$ 9 ,cali=nia 9 ,july or ,augu/ if ! soil is ?or\ghly saturat$ by irrigation be=e digg+ & plant+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n s necess>y to beg9 e>ly 9 ,cali=nia z at ! ,ea/1 because our w9t] temp]atures favor ! gr[? ( ! plant1 :ile at ! ,ea/ !y h to make an e>ly />t 9 ord] to get some?+ well gr[n be=e ! gr\nd freezes4 ,= ! gr[? ( w9t] radi%es1 !n1 9 ,cali=nia y c wait until ! gr\nd is wet ?or\ghly by ! ra91 :i* may be expect$ dur+ ,septemb]1 & aft]w>d y c make lat] plant+s = succession at any "t y desire dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,?is applies to all k9ds ( radi%es4 ,rhub>b ,rott+4 ,i h plant$ rhub>b roots 9 ! ,san ,joaqu9 valley & f9d ! root cr[ns rot bel[ ! surface4 ,! old-fa%ion$ summ] rhub>b usually goes (f t way 9 v hot localities4 ,if !re is too mu* alkali or h>dpan1 or if plant$ too late1 ! same results w be _h ) any sort ( rhub>b4 ,:]e x is v hot1 plants1 irrigat$ 9 ! morn+ ne> ! plants1 scald at ! cr[n & die 9 a few days4 ,if irrigat$ 9 ! aft]noon & ! gr\nd work$ be=e x gets hot ! next day f9e results are obta9$4 ,! w9t] rhub>b v>ieties d well 9 hot di/ricts if ! roots are plant$ f ,septemb] #ae to ,may #a1 :ile 9 cool] sections1 ,april1 ,may1 ,june & ,july are ! be/ mon?s & w insure a crop ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,squa%es ,dislike ,h>d%ip4 ,:at caus$ ^! squa%es1 ( :i* ,i s5d y samples1 to be s h>d & woody8 ,!y 7 gr[n )\t irrigation4 ,y\r squa%es 7 gr[n )\t irrigation "u conditions :i* 7 too dry = !m & became inf]ior 9 quality4 ,possibly ! v>iety itself is n ( good quality or ! specim5 f :i* ! se$ 0 tak5 may h be5 inf]ior4 ,a squa%1 9 ord] to be t5d] & acceptable1 ne$s ri* fe$+ & pl5ty ( dr9k4 ,o!rwise1 x is apt to res5t ill treatm5t by v undesirable gr[?4 ,h>ve/+ ,sunfl[]s4 ,:at is ! me?od us$ 9 sav+ or ?re%+ ! se$ f ! ,giant ,russian sunfl[]8 ,cut (f ! se$ heads ( y\r sunfl[]s :5 ! se$ seems to be well matur$ b be=e any ( x falls away f ! head4 ,?r[ ^! heads on a smoo? piece ( gr\nd or a tight floor & :5 !y become ?or\ghly dry ?re% out ! se$ ) a flail1 remov+ ! co>se /uff ) a rake & aft]w>ds clean+ ! se$ by %ovel+ x into ! w9d s t ! light /uff may be bl[n away4 ,a m p]fect clean+ aft]w>ds c\ld be secur$ ) a gra9 fann+ mill or a simple sieve ( ! "r me%4 ,irrigat+ ,tomatoes4 ,h[ mu* wat] does x take 79 gallons or cubic feet7 to prop]ly irrigate an acre ( l& = tomatoes8 ,! soil is adobe1 & ! cu/om>y way ( plant+ tomatoes is #f feet ap>t ea* way1 pl[+ a tr5* ( "o furr[ ) ! slope ( ! l& = irrigat+1 t is1 a tr5* betwe5 e r[ & a cross tr5* z a fe$]4 ,! l& is l[ & 9 ! drie/ "p ( ! ye> ! surface wat] is f #b to #c feet b5ea? ! top ( ! gr\nd4 ,x is n possible to /ate a specific quantity ( wat] = any crop1 because ! am\nt dep5ds to su* a l>ge ext5t ^u ! ret5tiv5ess ( ! soil1 ! rate ( evaporation & ! k9d ( cultivation4 ,! be/ s\rce ( in=mation is ! behavior ( ! plant itself1 be>+ 9 m9d t tomato plants require con/ant b n excessive moi/ure supply1 & t if moi/ure is appli$ 9 excess x w promote an excessive gr[? ( ! plant1 :i* w cause x to drop its blossoms & !re=e be unsatisfactory & unproductive4 ,9 su* l& z y describe no irrigation :atev] w\ld be desirable except 9 ye>s ( %ort ra9fall1 & su* l&1 if prop]ly cultivat$1 w\ld always furni% moi/ure en\gh by capill>y action to support ! gr[? ( ! plant4 ,less ,wat] & ,m ,heat4 ,:at *emicals %\ld ,i put into ! soil to insure a good crop ( vegetables1 su* z tomatoes1 /r+ beans1 or o!r ov]-gr\nd produc]s8 ,la/ ye> my tomatoes & /r+ beans grew pl5tifully1 b nev] produc$ any tomatoes or beans1 yet turnips & p>snips 7 all "r4 ,vegetables :i* behave l y\r tomatoes & /r+ beans1 mak+ too mu* gr[? & n en\gh fruit1 d n ne$ f]tilization4 ,! l& is p]haps too ri* already1 or y may h us$ too mu* wat]4 ,use less wat] s t ! plants w make a m mod]ate gr[?1 & !y w be fruitful if ! season is w>m en\gh 9 ! lat] "p ( summ]4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 w\ld be "o ( ! drawbacks to gr[+ tomatoes & beans 9 ,san ,francisco4 ,turnips & p>snips d well ) less heat4 ,y may h to modify ! ,san ,francisco summ] climate by w9d scre5s or glass cov]s4 ,cont9u\s ,cropp+ ,) ! ,same ,plant4 ,:at w\ld happ5 on ! crops ( cucumb]s1 tomatoes & eggplants1 etc41 plant$ on ! same place cont9u\sly8 ,!re w\ld be 9 "t a decad5ce ( crop f soil exhau/ion1 b t y c\ld prev5t by f]tilization4 ,! greate/ dang] f cont9u\sly gr[+ ^! vegetables on ! same l& is ! multiplication ( bact]ia :i* injuri\sly affect !m1 9 ! soil4 ,! plants :i* y m5tion are all subject to wilt diseases f ?is cause1 !re=e1 !y %\ld h new gr\nd4 ,if y h to use ! same g>d5 gr\nd cont9u\sly1 ! plants :i* y m5tion %\ld be rotat$ ) root crops or ) o!r k9ds ( vegetables1 s z to frequ5tly *ange plants & soil )9 ! g5]al area :i* has to be us$ = !m4 ,big ,worms on ,tomatoes4 ,i h a nice pat* ( tomatoes 9 my g>d51 & only rec5tly ,i notice l>ge gre5 worms on !m ) "o l>ge br[n horn on _! head4 ,!y /rip ! leaves (f4 ,!y look to me l a tobacco worm4 ,!y are tobacco worms2 t is1 !y are ! l>vae ( hawk mo?s1 "s ( :i* take tobacco1 tomatoes1 grapev9es & _m o!r plants1 includ+ "s ( ! native we$s ( y\r valley4 ,pick !m (f & cru% !m1 or give !m a little snip ) ! scissors if y d n l to h&le !m4 ,!y are s l>ge & easily f\nd t su* treatm5t is easily appli$1 z 9 worm+ tobacco4 ,loss ( ,tomato ,bloom4 ,i h tomato plants :i* are v /rong & heal?y & full ( blossoms1 b !re is some?+ cutt+ ! blossoms (f & j ab\t to ru9 my plants4 ,! tr\ble ) y\r tomato plants is t life is too easy = !m1 t !y h s mu* moi/ure & plant food t !y c gr[ com=tably & rapidly )\t ?\ght ( ! future4 ,s1 because !y d n h to ?9k ( mak+ fruit1 ! blossoms drop (f4 ,?is is a v common occurr5ce ) tomatoes1 especially 9 home g>d5s :]e ! own]s h n ! exp]i5ce or ! in=mation on ! subject t !y might h1 & give ! tomatoes too mu* wat]4 ,_m o!r plants act ! same way & w n set fruit :ile !y c gr[ easily1 & only beg9 to produce :5 !y h made a great gr[? or :5 moi/ure beg9s to get a little %ort4 ,if y irrigate ! tomatoes1 /op1 & put no m wat] on until ! plant beg9s to set fruit z if x meant bus9ess1 or gives "s sign t wat] w\ld be appreciat$4 ,if ! gr\nd is naturally moi/ y w h to wait until ! plants make m gr[? & ! wea!r gets dri] & hott]1 & ! plants w !n set fruit4 ,"s gr[]s h f\nd t by trimm+ up ! v9e & /ak+ x1 ! fruit sets mu* m readily4 ,"p ,,iii4 ,gra9s & ,=age ,crops ,wants ,u to ,d ! ,:ole ,?+4 ,c y help1 me to det]m9e a good product to plant some:]e 9 ,cali=nia2 also :at p>ticul> section w\ld be mo/ suitable = ! rais+ ( t :i* y w\ld advise8 ,i wi% a crop ( p]man5t nature 7z or*>d trees74 ,i also desire advice on "s product :i* w\ld give a quick return :ile ,i am wait+ on ! m p]man5t "o to mature & be>4 ,i h n procur$ l& yet1 & am ?9k+ s]i\sly ( try+ to get gov]nm5t l&1 !re=e1 y are free to give me ! be/ location = ! rais+ ( t :i* y w\ld1 sugge/4 ,i want a money-mak+ product & "o :i* is n already ov]done4 ,! *oice ( crops dep5ds q z mu* ^u ! m>ket dem& & opportunity z x does ^u ! suitability ( ! soil & local climate4 ,*oice ( crops inde$ involves almo/ ! :ole bus9ess ( f>m+1 & al?\gh we c sometimes give a man useful sugge/ions z to ! gr[? ( plants & ! protection ( plants f enemies1 we _c und]take to plan 8 f>m+ bus9ess = him4 ,he mu/ =m 8 own op9ions z to :at w be mo/ m>ketable1 & !re=e pr(itable1 if he succe$s 9 gett+ a good article = sale4 ,a wise man at ! ,ea/ once said3 ,y c advise a man to d almo/ any?+4 ,y c ev5 select a wife = him1 b nev] commit ! indiscretion ( advis+ him :at to gr[ to make money4 ,t is a matt] he has to det]m9e = himself4 ,pa/ur+ ,"y ,gra94 ,w\ld x be advisable to h]d mil* c[s = a few h\rs ea* day on a field ( black oats :i* is to be gr[n = hay8 ,! oats are n[ ab\t f\r in*es high & rank1 z ! l& 0 pa/ur$ la/ ye>4 ,! l& is s&y1 roll+ soil & w soon be dry en\gh s t ! c[s w\ld n injure ! plants4 ,! idea is t ! leaves :i* are gre5 n[ w all dry up & are really n ! gr[? :i* is cut = hay2 !re=e1 ,i %\ld ?9k x w\ld d no h>m to fe$ x d[n a bit4 ,ov]-rank gra9 ) abundant moi/ure w make a m /ocky gr[? & /& aga9/ lodg+ if pa/ur$ or m[$4 ,! leaves :i* y speak ( z be+ lo/ 9 ! lat] gr[? ( ! plant s]ve an important purpose 9 mak+ t gr[?1 & remov+ !m is a repressive process :i* is n desirable :5 ra9 is %ort4 ,we %\ld all[ ! plants to pu% along into z good a gr[? ( hay z a dry ye>'s moi/ure w give4 ,dry ,pl[+ = ,gra94 ,we h l& t we c\ld v easily pl[ n[ ) our traction eng9e & improv$ pl[s1 b ! p "h claim t x does n pay to dry-pl[1 t is1 be=e ! l& has _h a good ra9 on x & ! vegetation has />t$4 ,i believe 9 dry pl[+4 ,two ( our olde/ f>m]s 9 ,m]c$ c\nty dry-pl[$1 t is1 !y comm5c$ pl[+ z soon z h>ve/+ 0 ov]4 ,if ! ra9fall is small & likely to come 9 light %[]s1 dry pl[+1 if x turns up ! l& 9 l>ge clods1 might yield poor] results ?an l& :i* is pl[$ aft] ra91 because !re w\ld be s mu* moi/ure lo/ by dry+ out f ! co>se surface :5 x came 9 am\nts n adequate = deep p5etration4 ,pl[+ aft] ! ra9 = ! purpose ( kill+ out ! f\l /uff :i* />ts is1 h[ev]1 q ano!r consid]ation4 ,x is a fact t dry pl[+ & s[+ is n n[ desirable 9 "s places :]e x 0 =m]ly accept$1 because ! l& has become s f\l z to give a rank gr[? ( we$s :i* *oke out ! gra9 at its beg9n+4 ,su* l& c be clean$ by "o or two %all[ pl[+s & cultivations aft] !re is moi/ure en\gh to />t ! we$s to gr[+4 ,^! are local que/ions :i* y w h to settle by obs]vation4 ,9 a g5]al way1 x is true t op5+ ! surface ( ! gr\nd be=e ! ra9s1 r$uces ! run-(f & loss ( moi/ure1 b :e!r !re w\ld be any loss ( moi/ure by run-(f or n dep5ds ^u ! slope ( ! l& & also ^u ! way 9 :i* ! ra9 comes1 & ! total am\nt ( moi/ure :i* is available = ! season4 ,sub-v>ieties ( ,cali=nia ,b>ley4 ,c y tell :]e ,i c buy se$ ( v>ieties ( ,cali=nia six-r[$ b>ley1 describ$ z pallidum & co]ulesc5s1 & :at ! se$ w co/8 ,no "o kn[s :]e ! six-r[$ b>ley1 kn[n z common b>ley 9 ?is ,/ate1 came f1 nor :5 x came4 ,x has be5 "h s9ce ! e>ly days & x has naturally %[n a disposition to v>y1 s t x is q possible to select a numb] ( types f any l>ge field1 ( x4 ,^! v>iations h be5 /udi$ to "s ext5t by ,ea/]n /ud5ts :o are endeavor+ to develop ,am]ican types ( b>ley = brew+ purposes z likely to be bett] ?an ! brew+ v>ieties :i* are fam\s 9 ,europe4 ,9 ,europe brew+ b>leys are *iefly two-r[$4 ,"u ,cali=nia conditions ! plant is able to develop j z good brew+ gra9s on a six-r[$ basis1 & ?is seems to be a comm5dable trait 9 ! way ( multiply+ ! product4 ,! names pallidum & co]ulesc5s indicate two ( ^! v>ieties recogniz$ by ,ea/]n /ud5ts4 ,x is n possible at ?is "t to get ev5 a p\nd ( select$ gra9 true to ?is type1 & no "o kn[s :5 x w be work$ out to available quantities4 ,*evali] ,b>ley4 ,has ,*evali] b>ley m value to fe$ h5s = egg production ?an common fe$ b>ley or :eat8 ,*evali] b>ley is no bett] = *ick5 fe$ ?an any o!r b>ley :i* is equally l>ge & plump4 ,brew]s l ,*evali] because ( its fullness ( />* to support ! malt+ process2 also1 because x is bright1 t is1 :ite1 & n /a9$ or t+$ ) blui% or r$di% colors4 ,color po9ts d n c\nt = *ick5 fe$1 b good plump k]nels d4 ,besides ?is1 h[ev]1 d>k] k]nel 7n *aff7 usually indicates m prote91 & !re=e a d>k] k]nel ( ei!r :eat or b>ley might be m valuable = fe$+4 ,a h>d1 horny k]nel is ri*] ?an a s(t]1 m />*y "o1 ei!r 9 :eat or b>ley4 ,b>ley on ,moi/ ,l&4 ,:at w\ld y d ) l& subject to ov]fl[ by ! ,sacram5to :5 t riv] rises #bj feet1 & :i* y want$ to plant to b>ley ?is season8 ,w\ld y take a *ance on ! riv] ris+ t high ?is ye>1 or wait until aft] t dang] 0 ov]1 & take a *ance on n gett+ en\gh ra9 to make ! gra9 come up2 also1 if ! riv] did come up = #dh h\rs aft] ! gra9 0 91 b did n wa%1 w\ld ! gra9 be lo/8 ,%\ld ! gra9 be plant$ deep] ?an on ord9>y l&1 &1 if s1 %\ld a drill be us$8 ,h[ mu* se$ %\ld be s[n p] acre on good riv]-bottom soil8 ,get ! b>ley 9 & wat* = ! ov]fl[ r ?an to fe> x4 ,an ov]fl[ = #dh h\rs w\ld give y ! greate/ crop y ev] saw1 unless x %\ld be 9 a settl+ bas9 & ! wat] =c$ to escape by evaporation4 ,f y\r description we judge t ?is is n s & t ! l& cle>s itself quickly f an ov]fl[4 ,dep? ( s[+ dep5ds ^u ! "* & condition ( ! soil - ! light] & dri] ! deep]4 ,by all means use a drill if ! soil is dry on ! surface4 ,%ort ra9fall makes ! advantage ( drill se$+ mo/ conspicu\s4 ,on ! ,univ]sity ,f>m #bb trials gave an av]age ga9 ( ov] #aj p] c5t 9 yield4 ,! diff]5ce w\ld be mu* great] 9 a dry ye>2 x might be #be p] c5t great]1 possibly1 & save high-pric$ se$ at ! same "t1 z ab\t #ij p\nds ( se$ p] acre w d1 in/ead ( #abj p\nds broadca/1 9 accordance ) ! approv$ heavy se$+ practice on ! riv] l&s4 ,b>ley & ,alfalfa4 ,i h "s alfalfa :i* is a poor /&4 ,c ,i disc x up heavily & se$ 9 "s b>ley = w9t] pa/ure8 ,y c get b>ley into y\r alfalfa z y propose1 b y %\ld n se$ until fall4 ,! m b>ley y get into y\r alfalfa1 h[ev]1 ! less alfalfa y w h aft]w>d4 ,if y want to improve y\r afalfa1 keep ev]y?+ else out ( ! field & help ! plants by regul> irrigations dur+ ! balance ( ! gr[+ season4 ,beets & ,potatoes4 ,:i* is ! be/ = dairy c[s1 pla9 r$ mangels or a cross betwe5 ^! & sug> beets8 ,c y sugge/ a m pr(itable v>iety ( potato ?an ! ,oregon ,burbank8 ,if y c get a cross :i* gives y m tonnage ?an a mangel & a high] nutritive cont5t y w\ld h some?+ bett] to gr[4 ,! fir/ po9t y h to det]m9e by gr[+ ! two side by side & weigh+ ! product2 ! nutritive value ( ea* w h to be det]m9$ by *emical analysis4 ,until ^! det]m9ations are actually made a comp>ison ( desirability is no?+ b conjecture4 ,!re are sev]al o!r potatoes :i* are sometimes m pr(itable "h & !re = e>ly crop :5 gr[n 9 an e>ly locality4 ,if y are n 9 an e>ly locality y are oblig$ to produce = ! ma9 crop1 & no?+1 to our k1 sells z well z ! ,burbank1 if y get a good "o4 ,beets = ,/ock4 ,w sug> beets gr[ on black alkali l&8 ,h[ _m p\nds ( se$ p] acre %\ld be us$ & :5 is x "t = s[+ 9 ! ,san ,joaqu9 valley8 ,:i* k9d w\ld be be/ = c[s8 ,beets w d m on alkali ?an "s o!r plants1 b too mu* alkali w knock !m out4 ,y mu/ try & see :e!r y h too mu* alkali or n4 ,y c s[ at v>i\s times dur+ ! ra9y season1 = ! beets w /& "s fro/4 ,s[ #h p\nds p] acre 9 drills #b #a_/b to #c feet ap>t1 s z to use a horse cultivator4 ,= /ock y _h bett] gr[ l>ge /ock beets l m>igolds or tank>ds - n sug> beets4 ,x co/s too mu* to get sug> beets out ( ! gr\nd1 because x is _! habit to gr[ small & bury !mselves = ! sake ( ! sug> mak]1 :ile /ock beets gr[ l>gely above gr\nd4 ,summ] ,/>t ( ,/ock ,beets4 ,h[ c ,i make ,mangel ,wurzels gr[ 9 hot wea!r8 ,! l& is level & c be irrigat$ by flood+ or dit*+ betwe5 ! r[s4 ,h[ (t5 %\ld ! wat] be appli$1 & :i* me?od us$8 ,! l& is 9 f9e %ape2 a s&y loam bord]+ on to heavi] l&4 ,wet ! l& ?or\ghly2 pl[ & h>r[ & drill 9 ! se$ 9 r[s ab\t #b #a_/b feet ap>t4 ,?is ought to give moi/ure en\gh to />t ! se$4 ,cultivate z soon z y c see ! r[s well4 ,irrigate 9 a furr[ betwe5 ! r[s ab\t once a mon?2 cultivate aft] ea* irrigation4 ,corn ,gr[+ = ,silage4 ,) fair cultivation1 w an acre produce ab\t #aj tons ( ensilage )\t f]tilization - x be+ bottom l&8 ,h[ %\ld x be plant$8 - ! r[s clos] toge!r ?an #c feet1 or %\ld x be plant$ ! usual wid? betwe5 r[s1 & ?ick 9 ! r[s8 ,if f]tiliz]s 7 to be us$1 :at k9d w\ld y recomm5d8 ,w\ld y recomm5d deep pl[+ foll[$ by a pack] & h>r[ s z to pres]ve ! moi/ure8 ,y ought to be able to get #aj tons ( silage p] acre f corn gr[n on good corn l&4 ,x c be be/ gr[n 9 r[s suffici5tly di/ant = cultivation1 clos] 9 ! r[ ?an w\ld be desirable = corn1 & yet n too cr[d$1 because corn = silage %\ld develop good e>s & %\ld be cut = silage ab\t ! "t :5 ! glaz+ beg9s to appe>4 ,if y\r l& ne$s f]tilization1 /able manure or a complete f]tiliz] ( ! deal]s w\ld be ! prop] ?+ to use4 ,x w\ld be v desirable to pl[ corn l& deeply ! prec$+ fall1 foll[$ by a pack] or h>r[ to settle d[n ! l& bel[1 b d n "w d[n f9e4 ,keep ! surface /irr$ f "t to "t dur+ ! w9t] & put 9 ! crop ) ! usual cultivation 9 ! spr+ z soon z ! fro/ dang] is ov]4 ,irrigation = ,corn4 ,:at am\nt ( wat] is necess>y p] acre = ! be/ possible yield ( corn "u acreage conditions & prop] cultivation 9 ! ,san ,joaqu9 or ,sacram5to valleys8 ,no "o c answ] su* a "q ) any?+ m ?an a guess4 ,x dep5ds ^u h[ mu* ra9 has fall5 ! previ\s w9t]1 h[ ret5tive ! soil is naturally1 & :at has be5 done to help ! soil to hold x4 ,ne>ly all ! corn t is gr[n is c>ri$ )\t any irrigation at all on moi/ l[l&s1 :i* may be too wet = w9t] crops4 ,if y dem& a guess1 make x six acre-in*es1 ) a good surface pulv]iz+ aft] ea* run ( wat] 9 furr[s betwe5 ! r[s4 ,?is wat] w\ld be be/ us$ 9 two or ?ree applications4 ,ea/]n ,se$ ,corn = ,cali=nia4 ,! "q has be5 rais$ z to ,ea/]n-gr[n se$ corn1 comp>+ x ) ,cali=nia-gr[n se$4 ,"s claim t ! =m] does n yield well ! fir/ season4 ,we _c give a complete refutation ( ! impression t ,ea/]n se$ corn does n yield well ! fir/ season 9 ,cali=nia4 ,x is a some:at preval5t impression4 ,all t we c ann\nce n[ is t we h gr[n collections ( ,ea/]n se$ corn & h f\nd ! product q z good z c\ld h be5 expect$1 & did n enc\nt]1 app>5tly1 ! tr\ble ( :i* y write4 ,ne$ ( ,corn ,suck]+4 ,to insure ! be/ crop ( corn possible1 does x pay to suck] x or n8 ,! removal ( suck]s is a matt] ( local conditions l>gely 9 ,cali=nia1 & gr[]s are gett+ out ( ! habit ( suck]+4 ,9 "s places suck]+ is ne$$1 & 9 o!rs x app>5tly does n pay to d s1 al?\gh ) v r>e exceptions a l>g] yield c be secur$ by suck]+ ?an )\t4 ,c[ ,peas ,n ,prep>atory = ,corn4 ,:at "t ( ! ye> c c[ peas be plant$1 & c ! entire crop be pl[$ "u 9 "t = plant+ field corn8 ,c[peas are v subject to fro/4 ,!y are really beans1 & !re=e c be gr[n 9 ! w9t] "t only 9 a few practically fro/less places4 ,:]ev] fro/s are likely to occur !y mu/ be plant$1 l beans & corn1 :5 ! fro/ dang] is ov]4 ,field peas1 ,canadian peas & vet*es are h>dy aga9/ fro/ & !re=e saf] = w9t] gr[?1 & treat$ z y propose !y may be prep>atory = corn-gr[+ provid+ y pl[ !m "u soon en\gh to get a mon? or m = decay be=e plant+ ! corn4 ,oats & ,ru/ ,is !re any v>iety ( oats t is ru/-pro(1 or any me?od ( treat+ oats t w r5d] !m ru/ resi/ant8 ,we are situat$ on a m\nta91 only ab\t #ab miles f ! coa/1 & h consid]able foggy wea!r1 :i* mo/ ( ! f>m]s "h say is ! cause ( ! ru/4 ,!re is no way ( treat+ oats :i* w prev5t smut1 if ! v>iety is liable to x4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! resi/ance ( diff]5t v>ieties4 ,a few d>k-color$ oats are practically ru/-pro(1 & y c get se$ ( !m f ! se$sm5 9 ,san ,francisco & ,los ,angeles4 ,su* v>ieties are *iefly gr[n on ! s\!rn coa/4 ,foggy wea!r has mu* to d ) ! ru/1 because x causes atmosph]ic moi/ure :i* is favorable to ! gr[? ( ! fungus1 :i* is usually *eck$ by dry heat1 & yet !re are atmosph]ic conditions occasionally :i* favor ! ru/ ev5 9 ! drie/ p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,! fog favors ru/1 b does n cause x4 ,! cause is a fungus1 long ago ?or\ghly und]/ood & nam$ pucc9ia gram9is4 ,midsumm] ,hay ,s[+4 ,c ,i s[ oats or b>ley 9 ,july ^u irrigat$ mesa l&1 ) ! object ( mak+ hay 9 ! fall8 ,:i* ( ! two w\ld d ! bett] 9 summ] "t8 ,i h pl5ty ( wat]4 ,we h nev] se5 ?is done to advantage4 ,if y desire to try x1 irrigate ?or\ghly & pl[ & s[ aft]w>d4 ,use b>ley r ?an oats & irrigate :5 ! plant %ades ! l& well1 if y get gr[? en\gh to w>rant x4 ,x w be easi] to get ! crop ?an to figure a pr(it 9 x4 ,loose ,hay by ,measure4 ,h[ _m cubic feet %\ld be all[$ = a ton ( alfalfa hay load$ on a wagon f ! %ock8 ,i mu/ sell m or less 9 t way1 z no scales are ne> en\gh to be us$4 ,x is a proposition1 z to ! weight ( loose hay1 :i* c\ld ( c\rse keep *ang+ ! high] y built ! load on ! wagon4 ,x is easi] to give figures on weight f a /ack 9 :i* !re has be5 some?+ l uni=m pressure = a "t4 ,9 ! case f a #cj-;day /ack x is common to all[ an eight-foot cube to a ton1 etc4 ,p]haps y c guess f t4 ,:5 to ,cut ,oat ,hay4 ,to make ! be/ r$ oat hay %\ld x be cut :5 9 ! milk1 d\gh or ne>ly ripe6 ,x %\ld be cut 9 ! s(t d\gh or1 z "s express x1 betwe5 ! milk & ! d\gh4 ,?is is probably z ne> an approa* 9 words z c be made to t condition :i* loses nei!r by immaturity or by ov]-maturity f ! po9t ( view ( hay :i* is to get z mu* z c be 9 ! head )\t los+ nutritiv5ess 9 ! /raw4 ,( c\rse !re are o!r conditions intrud+ sometimes1 l ! outbreak ( ru/ or ! premature rip5+ ?r\gh dr\ght4 ,9 su* cases c>e mu/ be tak5 n to let ! plant /& too long = ! sake ( rea*+ an ideal condition 9 ! head - :i* = lack ( favorable gr[+ conditions ! plant may n be able to rea*4 ,rye = ,hay4 ,:5 is ! be/ "t to cut rye = hay1 & h[ %\ld x be/ be h&l$8 ,w\ld x be well to cut x up & bl[ x into ! b>n1 & w\ld x d all "r = silage8 ,rye makes poor hay on acc\nt ( its woody /ems & mu/ be cut e>li] ?an o!r gra9s4 ,aft] t x is h&l$ z is o!r hay4 ,cutt+ x up w\ld probably be m ( a help ?an to o!r gra9 hay4 ,x c\ld be put into ! silo1 b w\ld ( c\rse h to be cut pretty gre5 & w\ld h to run ?r\gh a cutt] & bl[]4 ,putt+ x 9 :ole w\ld be out ( ! "q4 ,9 ! silo1 ! f]m5tation w\ld l>gely ov]come ! wood9ess ( ! /ems4 ,x w\ld also z a silage balance up nicely ) alfalfa1 & ! be/ way to d w\ld be to mix x ) alfalfa :5 putt+ x 94 ,rye 9 ,cali=nia4 ,:i* k9d ( rye is ! h>die/1 ! be/ yield+1 & ! be/ hay v>ieties 9 y\r ,/ate8 ,rye is ! lea/ gr[n ( all ! c]eals 9 ,cali=nia1 & no att5tion has be5 paid to selection ( v>ieties4 ,t :i* is produc$ is j rye1 ( "s common v>iety :i* came to ! ,/ate ye>s ago & /ill rema9s4 ,no rye is gr[n = hay1 z ! t\ghness ( ! /em r5d]s x undesirable = t purpose4 ,!re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( rye gr[n = w9t] fe$+4 ,?is is gr[n 9 ! foo?ills pr9cipally & x s]ves an excell5t purpose1 b x is f$ (f be=e approa*+ maturity4 ,t ,old ,sev5-,head$ ,:eat4 ,we are s5d+ y "s heads ( gra9 :i* 0 gr[n 9 ?is c\nty4 ,! l& 0 plant$ ) an import$ ,au/ralian :eat1 :i* we believe ! small] heads to be1 b ! :eat is ab\t ev5ly mir$ ) gra9 l ! l>ge heads1 :i* we ?9k to be a species ( b>ley4 ,! gra9 is an old1 co>se1 be>d$ :eat :i* is cont9ually appe>+ 9 fields ( ord9>y gra9 & naturally excites int]e/ among all to :om ! v>iety is a novelty4 ,x is ! old sev5-head$ ,egyptian :eat1 :i* has nev] prov$ ( any cultural value1 because its manifold+ ( ! head is ( no advantage4 ,x is bett] to h a /raight well-fill$ head ?an to h a bran*+ head ( ?is k9d4 ,?is matt] has be5 fully demon/rat$ by exp]i5ce dur+ ! la/ ?irty or =ty ye>s1 n only 9 ?is ,/ate1 b 9 o!r ,/ates1 = ! v>iety has a way ( gett+ ar\nd ! _w1 & se$ has sometimes be5 sold at exorbitant prices to p :o h be5 p]suad$ t x is ( p>ticul> value4 ,speltz4 ,i h he>d ( a ,russian gra9 call$ ,speltz or ,emm]4 ,c ,i raise x successfully &1 if s1 :at is ! v be/ "t ( ye> to s[ "s = ! be/ crop obta9able8 ,c x be s[n 9 ! fall1 say ,novemb]8 ,w\ld spr+time be a bett] "t to s[ x on soil t is v s(t 9 w9t]8 ,if y\r l& yields good crops ( :eat or b>ley or oats1 y h little to expect f speltz or emm]4 ,?is is a gra9 g5]ally consid]$ inf]ior to ^? j m5tion$ & advocat$ = conditions "u :i* ! bett] kn[n gra9s d n d well4 ,x is h>dy aga9/ dr\ght & fro/1 p>ticul>ly ! latt]1 & is1 !re=e1 *iefly gr[n 9 ! extreme nor? ( ,europe4 ,x may be s[n 9 ! fall or 9 ! spr+ 9 places :]e ra9s are late & c>ry ! plant to maturity4 ,italian ,rye ,grass4 ,:at k9d ( grass is enclos$8 ,also ! be/ me?od to eradicate x8 ,! grass is ! ,italian rye grass1 or z x is sometimes call$1 ! ,italian v>iety ( ! p]5nial rye grass4 ,x is prov+ a v satisfactory grass 9 ,cali=nia = mod]ate dr\ght resi/ance & = w9t] gr[+1 & a great deal ( x is be+ s[n = ^! purposes4 ,y c readily kill x out by cultivation1 b mo/ p are m occupi$ ) its propagation ?an ) its de/ruction4 ,fall ,fe$4 ,c ,i irrigate & plant a =age crop n ,july to fe$ dairy c[s ?is fall & w9t]8 ,w\ld y recomm5d c[ peas or "s k9d ( sug> corn8 ,if c[ peas1 h[ _m p\nds to ! acre8 ,if y wet d[n ! l& ?or\ghly & !n pl[ & h>r[ & plant ei!r c[ peas or ,indian corn1 y ought to get a good gre5 crop be=e fro/4 ,drill 9 or drop ! se$ 9 r[s ab\t ?ree feet ap>t & keep cultivat+ & irrigat+ z long z y c get ?r\gh )\t injur+ ! crop too mu*4 ,use ab\t #dj p\nds ( c[ peas to ! acre4 ,hurry-up ,pa/ure4 ,:at c ,i plant ?is fall :i* w\ld produce pa/urage = a small am\nt ( /ock ?is w9t]1 & until ,i c get ! l& "u irrigation & se$$ to alfalfa8 ,= quick fall & w9t] gr[? no?+ is bett] probably ?an oats & vet*es s[n toge!r z soon z y get ra9 en\gh to pl[1 b x w\ld be a "q :e!r x is wor? :ile to "w = t1 because y ought to get y\r l& ready = ,febru>y s[+ ( alfalfa & t w keep ! l& busy aft] ! ra9 gets x into work+ condition4 ,johnson ,grass4 ,i am in=m$ t ,johnson grass makes f9e hay4 ,i h n s[n ! se$ yet1 b w\ld l to "k if ! hay is good & if x w gr[ on dry l&4 ,i h ! se$ on h&1 b d n want to s[ x if x is n good4 ,johnson grass is poor1 co>se /uff4 ,! plant is mo/ valuable = graz+ :5 "y4 ,johnson grass w n gr[ on really dry l&1 b x w take ! be/ moi/ l& x c f9d & hold on to x4 ,x is s5sitive to fro/ & is n a w9t] gr[] except 9 ! abs5ce ( fro/4 ,improv+ ,heavy ,l& = ,alfalfa4 ,my l& is v heavy1 r$ loam1 & cru/s ov] v h>d 9 dry seasons4 ,i w\ld l to "k if x w\ld be be/ to use b>ny>d compo/ ov] ! surface z a mul*1 or w\ld x be be/ to use pla9 /raw = t purpose8 ,a v heavy soil c be br\ght into bett] surface condition = alfalfa by pl[+ 9 /able manure z soon z possible aft] ! fall ra9s1 9 ord] t ! manure may h opportunity to become dis9tegrat$ & mix$ ) ! soil by ! "t = alfalfa s[+1 :i* is f ,febru>y to ,april - :5ev] ! heavy fro/s ( ! locality are ov]4 ,= a small piece1 y might get a bett] /& by us+ a light mul* ( dis9tegrat$ co>se manure or ev5 /raw1 scatt]+ x aft] ! s[+1 b = a l>ge acreage ?is w\ld involve too mu* labor4 ,x is n desirable to "w 9 mu* manure or o!r co>se /uff at ! "t ( s[+ ! se$1 b y c make a light surface application aft] ! plant has made a />t4 ,cultivat+ ,alfalfa4 ,:5 is ! be/ "t to cultivate alfalfa1 & h[ (t5 dur+ ! season is x advantage\s to d s8 ,:i* is ! be/ implem5t to use8 ,cultivat$ alfalfa is a t]m appli$ to alfalfa s[n 9 r[s & all[$ to gr[ 9 n>r[ b&s ) cultivat$ l& betwe51 & ! irrigation is !n done 9 a furr[ 9 ! n>r[ cultivat$ /rip4 ,?is w give ?rifti] gr[? & p]haps m hay to ! acre ?an flood$1 broad-ca/$ alfalfa1 b x w co/ s mu* m t ! acre pr(it w\ld probably be less4 ,?is is an int5sive culture ( alfalfa1 :i* is /ill to be te/$ out 9 ,cali=nia1 if any "o %\ld be incl9$ to d x4 ,"s "o-c[ suburbanite w\ld be 9 condition to try ! s*eme fir/4 ,probably y ref] to disk+1 & = t an ord9>y disk is us$ ) ! disks set pretty /raight to r$uce ! side cutt+1 & ?is is done at diff]5t times ( ! ye> by diff]5t gr[]s4 ,by do+ x :5 ! gr\nd gets dry 9 ! e>ly spr+ mu* ( ! f\l /uff is cut out be=e ! alfalfa />ts /rongly4 ,b disk+ seems to be good :5ev] 9 ! ye> ! soil is dry en\gh to take x well4 ,suburban ,alfalfa ,pat*4 ,h[ c we rid ! alfalfa ( we$s8 ,z we are oblig$ to hire help1 & d n succe$ 9 gett+ ! hay c>$ = until we h mo/ly /alks )\t leaves1 ,i h put ! c[ on x to pa/ure x (f4 ,! c[ kn[s h[ to h&le x1 b y w n get z mu* alfalfa z if y cut & c>ri$ x to h]4 ,if y cut soon] y w get rid ( _m plants :i* are propagat$ by ! se$s :i* !y produce1 & y w also get bett] hay1 m leaves & few] /alks4 ,cut x ab\t ! "t x beg9s to bloom1 n wait+ = ! full bloom to appe>4 ,alfalfa & ,b]muda4 ,i h l& :i* 0 se$$ to alfalfa "s #ae ye>s ago & has be5 pa/ur$ cont9u\sly until x 0 almo/ all ,b]muda4 ,i _h x ?or\ghly pl[$1 disk h>r[$ & s[$ to oats2 disk h>r[$ 91 & drag h>r[$4 ,aft] cutt+ = hay ?is ye> ,i int5d putt+ x 9 ,egyptian corn 9 r[s1 s x c be cultivat$ to get rid ( ,b]muda4 ,i h also be5 advis$ to pl[ ! l& imm$iately aft] h>ve/+ corn & let x lie until next ,janu>y & !n pl[ & s[ to b>ley & alfalfa z ,i wi% to gr[ alfalfa4 ,k9dly let me "k if me?od is "r4 ,! l& is s&y loam & "u irrigation4 ,:e!r y w fully succe$ aga9/ ,b]muda grass or n is d\btful4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t y c r$uce ! ,b]muda s t o!r cultivat$ crops c be cont9u\sly gr[n4 ,common exp]i5ce is t ,b]muda w hold on unless y h h>d freez+ ( ! gr\nd to a consid]able dep?1 z !y h 9 ! nor!rn ,/ates4 ,! be/ use t y c make ( l& infe/$ ) ,b]muda is to get z good a /& z y c ( alfalfa & let ! alfalfa fight = itself4 ,! comb9ation ( alfalfa & ,b]muda grass makes v good hay or pa/urage4 ,we %\ld1 h[ev]1 s[ ! alfalfa alone & n h&icap x by s[+ ) b>ley4 ,! ,b]muda w smile at t advice4 ,egyptian corn c be plant$ 9 r[s1 #b #a_/b to #c feet betwe5 ! r[s to admit ( easy cultivation ,b]muda ,grass4 ,:at is ! value ( ,b]muda grass z a =age crop = cattle1 m p>ticul>ly dairy c[s8 ,b]muda grass is g5]ally condemn$ because ( gett+ 9 places :]e x is n desirable & ( be+ almo/ impossible ( eradication !refrom4 ,/ill1 ,b]muda grass w make good pa/urage on l& :i* is too alkal9e to make o!r crops1 & !re=e is highly e/eem$ by "s own]s ( wa/e l&s 9 ! ,san ,joaqu9 valley4 ,x is good pa/urage & is mo/ easily propagat$ by cutt+ ! roots up into %ort pieces by use ( ! hay-cutt]1 ne>ly all ! pieces reta9+ an eye :i* w make a new plant4 ,x is easy to get 9 & h>d to get out4 ,salt ,grass & ,alfalfa4 ,i h "s l& 9 ,sutt] c\nty & x has "s ( ?is salt grass 9 spots4 ,i am ab\t to take a tw5ty-acre piece & put 9 alfalfa1 b "s old-tim]s tell me t ! salt grass on x is bad /uff to h&le4 ,y\r tr\ble w probably be n s mu* ! salt grass1 b ! alkali 9 ! soil :i* ! salt grass c tol]ate & :i* o!r plants _c /&4 ,y _c !n sub/itute alfalfa = salt grass )\t gett+ ! alkali out ( ! soil1 & y _c d ?is )\t hav+ suffici5t dra9age s t ! ra9fall may wa% ! alkali out f ! soil & c>ry x away 9 ! dra9age wat]4 ,y probably _c get a satisfactory gr[? ( alfalfa on ! spots :]e ! salt grass has e/abli%$ itself1 al?\gh ! l& r\nd ab\t may be v satisfactory to alfalfa4 ,giant ,spurry4 ,i w\ld l in=mation ab\t spurry4 ,h[ mu* fro/ w x /&8 ,:at is "t = s[+8 ,its value z crop to pl[ "u8 ,f a ,cali=nia po9t ( view1 spurry is a w9t]-gr[+ we$ :i* has be5 approv$ by or*>di/s 9 ,sonoma c\nty because x yields a consid]able am\nt ( vegetation = turn+ "u ) ! spr+ pl[+ ( ! or*>d4 ,= ?is purpose x %\ld be s[n at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season4 ,its value z a crop to turn "u dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( gr[? y c get4 ,x is n a legume &1 !re=e1 does n h ! value ( ! nitrog5-ga!r+ plant4 ,/ill1 x yields humus &1 !re=e1 is valuable = w9t] gr[+ z ord9>y we$s1 grasses1 gra9s1 etc41 are4 ,light ,soil & ,scant ,moi/ure4 ,advise me z to pl[+ "u a crop ( la/ ye>'s we$s :]e ,i int5d to plant beans1 corn1 etc4 ,! soil is slick5s1 on ! ,yuba riv]1 & ! we$s grew up la/ ye> 9 a crop ( volunte] b>ley1 :i* 0 hogg$ (f4 ,i expect to pl[ five in*es deep1 & calculate t ! b>ley /raw & we$s w contribute to ! supply ( humus1 :i* is always defici5t 9 mo/ ( our soils4 ,i expect to try to gr[ beans )\t irrigation1 & wond] if ! tra% w\ld hold ! soil too op5 s z to dry !m out4 ,consid]+ ! "* ( ! soil :i* y describe & ! %all[ pl[+ y int5d we %\ld c]ta9ly burn (f all ! tra% ^u ! l&4 ,) deep pl[+ e>ly 9 ! season ?is co>se /uff c\ld be cov]$ 9 to advantage1 b x w\ld be dang]\s to d x 9 ! spr+4 ,clean l& & ?or\gh cultivation to save moi/ure en\gh = summ]'s gr[? is ! only rational spr+ treatm5t4 ,clov]s & ,dr\ght4 ,i h s&y loam ) "s alkali4 ,9 wet ye>s x is reg>d$ z too damp 9 "s places4 ,c y give me any in=mation on ! foll[+ po9ts8 ,i h practically no wat] = irrigation & ,i feel sure t alfalfa w\ld n gr[ )\t x4 ,d y ?9k t clov] w\ld make "o or m cutt+s )\t wat]8 ,r$ & :ite clov] are less tol]ant ( dr\ght ?an alfalfa1 :i*1 be+ a deep-root+ plant1 is especially comm5d$ 9 dry-f>m+ und]tak+s4 ,r$ clov] w gr[ bett] on l[ wet l&s ?an w alfalfa1 b ! l& mu/ n dry out or ! r$ clov] w die dur+ ! dry season4 ,none ( ! plants w /& mu* alkali4 ,clov] = ,wet ,l&s4 ,:at k9d ( alfalfa w d be/ on sub-irrigat$ l& :i* is v wet8 ,i h s[n x 9 alfalfa & x gr[s f9ely = two or ?ree ye>s1 b !n ! roots rot & die4 ,x is impossible to make any k9d ( alfalfa gr[ well on v wet l&1 t is1 :]e ! wat] comes too ne> ! surface4 ,alfalfa has a deep-runn+ tap root :i* is v subject to /&+ wat]4 ,y c get v good results f ! ,ea/]n r$ clov] on su* l&1 because ! r$ clov] has a fibr\s root :i* is cont5t to live 9 a %all[ lay] ( soil above wat]4 ,b r$ clov] w n /& dr\ght z well z alfalfa1 because x is %all[] root+4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 t wat] %\ld be p]man5tly ne> ! surface or surface irrigation be frequ5tly appli$1 9 ord] to secure satisfactory gr[? ( r$ clov] 9 ! dri] sections ( ,cali=nia4 ,x is also necess>y t nei!r l& nor wat] c>ry alkali4 ,fro/$ ,gra9 = ,hay4 ,! freeze /ruck u pretty sev]ely4 ,i _h #abe acres ( summ]-fall[$ :eat :i* ,i _h e/imat$ to make #bj sacks to ! acre ( gra94 ,x 0 brea/ high 9 places already1 & 0 j head+ out4 ,! fro/ p9*$ ! /alks ( ?is gra9 9 sev]al places & ! heads are n[ turn+ :ite4 ,x is ru9$ = gra94 ,!re is lots ( fodd] 9 x1 & x %\ld be made into hay4 ,if s1 %\ld x n be cut & cur$ at once8 ,:at is ! relative wor? ( su* hay z comp>$ ) m matur$ hay8 ,w\ld ! fact t x is froz5 make x injuri\s to fe$8 ,if ! :ole plant seems to be gett+ :ite1 ! soon] x is cut ! bett]4 ,if ! head is affect$ & ! leaf gr[? cont9u$1 cutt+ might be def]r$ = ! purpose ( gett+ m ( x4 ,hay made f su* mat]ial w n be 9 any way dang]\s1 al?\gh x w\ld be inf]ior z conta9+ less nutritive & m non-nutritive matt]4 ,su* hay w\ld seem to be mo/ s]viceable z r\ghage = c[s or /e]s 9 connection ) alfalfa hay or "s o!r fe$ :i* w\ld supply ?is defici5cy4 ,=age ,plants 9 ! ,foo?ills4 ,we h #c1jjj acres ( foo?ill l& & hope to be able to irrigate "s l& ?is spr+ & wi% to "k ! be/ =age crops1 = %eep & hogs1 especially4 ,kafir corn1 /ock peas1 rape1 sug>-beets & arti*okes are ! v>ieties ab\t :i* we desire in=mation4 ,:]e y h irrigation wat] available 9 ! foo?ills y c get a v satisfactory gr[? ( r$ clov]4 ,we h se5 x do+ v well on slop+ l& 9 y\r c\nty :]e wat] 0 all[$ to spill ov] f a dit* on ! ridge to moi/5 ! slope bel[4 ,w9t] rye & o!r h>dy /ock fe$s c\ld also be gr[n 9 ! w9t] "t on ! protect$ slopes ) ! ra9fall4 ,"s su* plants are n good summ] gr[]s1 ow+ to ! dr\ght4 ,rape is a good w9t] gr[] by ra9fall1 b n s satisfactory z vet*es & kale4 ,sug> beets are n s good = /ock purposes z /ock beets1 :i* give y mu* m gr[? = ! same labor & are m easily ga!r$ because !y gr[ a good "p out ( ! gr\nd4 ,!y w /& consid]able freez+ & may be s[n at diff]5t times ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 :5ev] ! l& is moi/1 ei!r by irrigation or ra9fall4 ,arti*okes are ( d\btful value4 ,we h nev] f\nd anyone :o cont9u$ to gr[ !m long4 ,( c\rse1 on good1 deep l&1 ) irrigation1 no?+ c be bett] ?an alfalfa z supplem5t>y to hill range dur+ ! summ] season4 ,w9t] ,=age4 ,at :at "t ( ! ye> %\ld ,i plant kale1 ,swiss *>d1 etc41 s z to h !m ready = use dur+ ! mon?s f ,febru>y to ,june8 ,y %\ld plant ,swiss *>d1 kale1 etc41 z soon z ! gr\nd is suffici5tly moi/ f ! ra9 9 ! fall4 ,9 fact1 x w\ld be desirable = y to plant ! se$ e>li] 9 boxes & ?us secure plants = plant+ out :5 ! gr\nd is suffici5tly moi/4 ,^! plants are q h>dy aga9/ fro/1 & 9 ord] to h !m available by ,febru>y1 a />t 9 ! autumn is ess5tial4 ,a ,summ] ,hay ,crop4 ,:at c ,i put on ! l& aft] ! oat crop is tak5 (f to furni% hay = horses dur+ ! com+ w9t]8 ,i _h ?\ght millet w\ld be good4 ,i h wat] = irrigation4 ,y c\ld get mo/ out ( ! l& y m5tion dur+ ! hot season by gr[+ ,kafir corn or milo1 cutt+ = hay be=e ! plant gets too f> advanc$4 ,if y\r l& c be flood$ & takes wat] well1 s t y c wet x deeply be=e pl[+1 ! sorghum se$ c be broadca/ & ! crop cut ) ! m[] :ile ! /alks are n m ?an half an in* 9 diamet]4 ,?is makes a good co>se hay4 ,if y h n wat] en\gh or ! l& does n lie "r = flood+1 y c gr[ ! sorghum 9 drills & irrigate by ! furr[ me?od1 be+ c>eful1 h[ev]1 n to let ! crop g too f> if y desire to fe$ x z hay4 ,teos9te4 ,:at ab\t ,teos9te1 its food value1 me?od ( culture1 & adaptability to our climate1 "* ( soil requir$8 ,teos9te is a corn-l plant ( mu* l[] gr[? ?an ,indian corn4 ,x may be ( value z a =age plant on l[1 moi/1 int]ior l&s 9 ! summ] season4 ,x is v s5sitive to fro/ & is1 !re=e1 n a w9t] gr[]4 ,x abhors dr\ght &1 !re=e1 is n a plant = pla9s or hillsides4 ,x 0 gr[n to "s ext5t 9 ,cali=nia #be ye>s ago & ab&on$ z wor?less s f> z tri$4 ,b]muda ,objectionable4 ,b]muda grass z pa/ure = summ] to supplem5t burr clov] & alfil>ia 9 w9t] on ! *eap hill pa/ure l&s along ! coa/ or ! foo?ill ranges ( ! ,si]ras4 ,/ock l x & d well on x1 & ,i h notic$ x gr[+ 9 places :]e x _h no wat] b ! little ra9s ( w9t] 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,s ! "q occurr$ to me1 :y %\ld x n be a pr(itable pa/ure = ! dry summ]s on ! coa/ or foo?ill ranges ( ! ,/ate8 ,b]muda grass w n make summ] gr[? en\gh on dry pa/ure l& to make x wor? hav+4 ,x w n make mu* gr[? 9 ! ra9y season because ( fro/1 & if x has possession ( ! gr\nd x w n all[ ei!r burr clov] or alfil>ia to make su* w9t] gr[? z !y w on clean l&4 ,besides1 ?is grass is g5]ally c\nt$ a nuisance1 because x w get into all ! good cultivat$ l& & x is almo/ impossible ( eradication4 ,b]muda grass is ( "s acc\nt on alkali l& :]e x f9ds moi/ure en\gh = free gr[?4 ,we w\ld n plant x 9 any o!r situation4 ,rye ,grasses ,bett] ?an ,brome4 ,i see 9 an ,ea/]n se$ catalogue ,bromus ,in]mis v highly spok5 ( z pa/urage4 ,d y "k any?+ ( x1 & d y ?9k x w\ld be suitable = reclaim$ tule l& 9 ! bay section8 ,bo? ,engli% & ,italian rye grasses h prov$ bett] ?an ,bromus ,in]mis on su* l& z y m5tion4 ,! latt] is commonly kn[n z ,hung>ian brome grass or awniess brome grass & x 0 introduc$ to ?is ,/ate f ,europe ab\t #be ye>s ago & ! se$ di/ribut$ by ! ,univ]sity ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,hung>ian brome may be bett] on r dry l&s1 al?\gh x w n live ?r\gh ! summ] on v dry l&s 9 ?is ,/ate1 b we w\ld r tru/ ! rye grasses or reclaim$ l&s1 provid+1 ( c\rse1 t !y are suffici5tly free f salt to c>ry tame grass at all4 ,on ! upp] coa/ ,hung>ian brome has be5 favorably report$ z an e>ly-w9t] gr[+ grass ) comp>atively l[ nutritive value1 b is especially valuable because x w gr[ 9 poor soil4 ,x is especially suit$ to s&y pa/ure & mead[ l&s & is q resi/ant to dr\ght4 ,x is a p]5nial grass1 reproduc+ by a /\t root/ock1 :i* makes x some:at difficult to eradicate :5 x is n desir$4 ,x is desirable to keep /ock (f ! fields dur+ ! fir/ ye> to get a good /&4 ,black ,m$ic4 ,w y k9dly "n ! enclos$2 also expla9 its value z =age6 ,! plant is black m$ic4 ,x has be5 v widely di/ribut$ ov] ! ,/ate dur+ ! la/ few ye>s4 ,x is sometimes call$ a new burr clov]1 :i* x some:at resembles4 ,x is n v freely eat5 by /ock & is app>5tly inf]ior to burr clov] = =age purposes4 ,x is a good plant to pl[ "u = gre5 manure4 ,crimson ,clov]4 ,ab\t crimson clov] 9 ,cali=nia4 ,has x prov$ satisfactory8 ,if s1 c y give me data h[ to plant1 etc46 ,crimson clov] mu/ be s[n aft] fro/1 = x is t5d]4 ,x w give a great %[ 9 ,june & ,july on l[ moi/ l&4 ,x is n good aga9/ ei!r fro/ or dr\ght4 ,x has be5 amply tri$ 9 ,cali=nia & prov$ on ! :ole ( little acc\nt4 ,cali=nia ,w9t] ,pa/ures4 ,we h a great deal ( pa/ure l& on :i* ! native grasses yield less fe$ ea* ye>4 ,a great "p ( ?is l& c be cle>$ ( bru% & /one1 ready = ! pl[1 b :at c we s[ to take ! place ( ! native pa/ure8 ,! gr\nd 9 _m places is n level en\gh = alfalfa & 9 "s places wat] is n available4 ,c we break up ! l& & s[ pa/ure grasses z ! f>m]s are exhort$ to d at ! ,ea/8 ,! annual ra9fall is f #ab to #ae in*es4 ,! p]5nial grasses :i* !y rely ^u = pa/urage 9 ! ,ea/ & :i* w ma9ta9 !mselves f ye> to ye>1 w n live at all on ! dry l&s ( ,cali=nia1 nor has inve/igation ( ! la/ tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s f\nd any?+ bett] = ^! ,cali=nia upl&s ?an ! w9t] gr[? ( plants :i* are native to !m4 ,su* l&s %\ld be bett] treat$1 fir/ by n be+ ov]/ock$2 second1 by tak+ (f cattle at ! "t ! native plant ne$s to make se$1 because1 z !y are n p]5nial1 !y are dep5d5t ^u ea* ye>'s se$4 ,aft] ! plants h se$$1 ! l& c be pa/ur$ = dry fe$ )\t los+ ! se$4 ,( c\rse1 if "o has l& capable ( irrigation he c gr[ =age plants1 ev5 ! grasses :i* gr[ 9 moi/ climates1 l ! rye grasses1 ! brome grasses & ! oat grasses1 etc41 :i* w d well if giv5 a little moi/ure1 b x w be a loss ( money to break up ! dry] l&s ) ! idea ( e/abli%+ p]5nial grasses ^u !m )\t irrigation4 ,cali=nia pa/ures are naturally good4 ,9 e>ly days !y 7 wond]ful1 b !y are re/rict$ to gr[? dur+ ! ra9y season1 or = a little "t aft] t1 & are !re=e suit$ = w9t] & spr+ pa/urage1 :ile ! summ] fe$+ ( /ock1 aside f dry fe$1 %\ld be provid$ f o!r l&s :]e wat] c be us$4 ,! improvem5t ( ^! wild pa/ures consi/s 9 a m intellig5t policy = _! production & pres]vation r ?an an ef=t to improve !m by ! introduction ( new plants4 ,pa/ures may1 h[ev]1 be (t5 improv$ by cle>+ (f ! bru% & h>r[+ 9 se$ ( burr clov]1 alfil>ia1 etc41 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season4 ,alfil>ia & ,w9t] ,pa/urage4 ,w alfil>ia 7,erodium cicut>ium7 gr[ well on ! hills ( ,sonoma c\nty p>tially cov]$ ) %rubs8 ,i want some?+ t w be food = /ock ano!r ye>4 ,i h he>d ( alfil>ia & t x gr[s well )\t be+ irrigat$4 ,alfil>ia is a good w9t]-gr[+ =age plant 9 places :]e x accepts ! situation4 ,x is an annual & !re=e does n make p]man5t pa/urage except :]e x may re-se$ itself4 ,on ! com+ ( ! dry season x w spe$ily =m se$ & disappe>4 ,x is !re=e ( no summ] use "u ! conditions :i* y describe1 nor is x possible to secure any p]5nial grass :i* w be satisfactory on dry hillsides )\t irrigation4 ,improv$ w9t] pa/urage c be secur$ by scatt]+ se$ ( common rye at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season1 or ( burr clov]1 bo? ( :i* are w9t]-gr[+ plants4 ,pa/urage is also capable ( improvem5t by be+ c>eful n to ov]/ock ! l&1 s t ! native annuals may be able to produce se$ & provide = _! own succession4 ,! secret ( successful pa/urage on dry upl&s is to improve ! w9t] gr[?4 ,x is too mu* to expect mu* ( !m = summ] gr[? )\t irrigation4 ,grasses = ,bank-,hold+4 ,we desire a grass to be us$ on levees1 to keep f wa%+4 ,b]muda or ,johnson gross are dang]\s to f>m+ l&s4 ,:at we desire is a grass t w gr[ 9 good dirt ) no wat] to support x dur+ mo/ ( ! ye>1 except ! annual ra9fall ( ,fresno c\nty4 ,( c\rse1 ?is grass w also h to endure a great deal ( wat] dur+ ! flood$ season ( ! ye>4 ,we h he>d t ! ,italian rye grass w\ld be suitable4 ,! rye grasses d n h runn+ roots2 !re=e are n calculat$ to b9d soil p>ticles toge!r z ,b]muda grass does4 ,if y want a b9d+ grass1 y mu/ take ! *ances ( its spread+ to adjac5t l&s4 ,( c\rse1 if y c\ld get a sod ( rye grass x w\ld prev5t surface wa%+ f ov]fl[1 etc41 to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,we are n sure h[ f> x w\ld prev5t bank cutt+ by ! fl[+ wat]1 = x makes a bun*y & n a sod-l gr[?4 ,x w\ld n live ?r\gh ! summ] unless ! levee soil keeps some:at moi/4 ,! only way to det]m9e :e!r y c get a p]man5t gr[? ( x1 w be by mak+ a trial4 ,se$ %\ld be s[n z soon z ! gr\nd becomes moi/5$ by ra94 ,x is a v safe proposition1 because if x is will+ to live ?r\gh ! summ]1 x is "o ( ! be/ pa/urage grasses = places 9 ,cali=nia :]e x w cons5t to gr[1 & x is n liable to become an annoyance by tak+ possession ( adjac5t l&1 because x w\ld be readily kill$ by cultivation4 ,alfalfa & ,alkali4 ,i s[$ sev]al acres ( alfalfa se$ ) a disc ?is season & none ( x has come up4 ,i ?9k ! reason = x n com+ up is t ! disc put x into ! gr\nd too deep4 ,we s[$ "s by h& & x came up v well4 ,is !re any probability t lat] 9 ! season ?is se$ w g]m9ate1 or has x rott$ 9 ! gr\nd8 ,wat] /&s )9 ?ree feet ( ! surface & has consid]able alkali4 ,:at c ,i plant on ?is l& & get a crop8 ,x is our int5tion to s[ x to alfalfa next fall4 ,! l& adjo9+1 al?\gh high]1 has a good /& ( alfalfa n[4 ,y are "r ab\t cov]+ ! alfalfa se$ too deeply4 ,x is n likely to appe>4 ,y\r *ance ( gett+ a durable /& ( alfalfa on su* %all[ soil ov] alkali wat] is n good1 b y c h>dly det]m9e t )\t try+4 ,sometimes conditions are bett] ?an y ?9k2 sometimes worse4 ,! plant itself is ! be/ judge4 ,on y\r l[] l& y c\ld probably get a bett] /& ( rye grass ?an any?+ else - s[+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season4 ,( c\rse1 h[ev]1 ev5 t w dep5d ^u h[ mu* alkali y h to deal )4 ,alfalfa on ,adobe4 ,is adobe l& good = alfalfa8 ,is x h>d] to />t ?an 9 o!r soils or n8 ,h[ mu* se$ is requir$ to s[ an acre8 ,also /ate :at "t alfalfa %\ld be s[$4 ,alfalfa w ?rive on an adobe soil if ! moi/ure is kept "r - especially gu>d+ aga9/ too mu* wat] at a "t4 ,x is necess>y to irrigate m frequ5tly & apply only z mu* z c be absorb$ by ! soil be=e ! hot sun comes on ! field1 = t scalds ! plant badly4 ,x is h>d] to get a good /& because ( ! crack+ & h>d5+ ( ! surface4 ,s[ ab\t #bj p\nds to ! acre j z soon z ! soil comes into good condition - t is1 moi/ & w>m4 ,febru>y & ,m>* are usually ! be/ mon?s1 accord+ to ! season 9 ! int]ior valleys4 ,alfalfa & ,soil ,dep?4 ,d y consid] soil :i* is f #d to #f feet deep to h>dpan ( suffici5t dep? = alfalfa8 ,is !re h>dpan 9 ! region ( ,la?rop 9 ,san ,joaqu9 c\nty1 & c x be dissolv$ by irrigation1 or c any good be accompli%$ by bl[+ holes at diff]5t places to all[ ! wat] to pass to l[] levels8 ,are o!r crops affect$ by h>dpan be+ s close to ! surface8 ,y c gr[ alfalfa successfully on l& :i* is f f\r to six feet deep if y irrigate r m frequ5tly & use less am\nts ( wat] ea* "t1 s t ! plant %all be adequately suppli$ & yet n =c$ to c>ry its roots 9 /&+ wat]4 ,! ,ea/]n alfalfa gr[] is =tunate :5 he gets half ! dep? y m5tion1 al?\gh x does seem r %all[ 9 ,cali=nia4 ,%all[ l&s are di/ribut$ ov] ! valley q widely4 ,a deep5+ ( ! available soil is usually accompli%$ by dynamit+1 especially s if ! h>dpan is und]laid by p]man5t /rata4 ,alfalfa w p5etrate "s k9ds & ?icknesses ( h>dpan :5 x is kept moi/1 b n too wet1 to enc\rage root gr[?4 ,w9t]-gr[+ gre5 crops are less affect$ by %all[ soil because !y g5]ally make _! gr[? :ile ! moi/ure is ample1 if ! season is good4 ,cur+ ,alfalfa ) ,artificial ,heat4 ,x is curr5t rumor t out 9 ,cali=nia !y are haul+ alfalfa gre5 & cur+ x by artificial heat1 ?us r$uc+ loss ?r\gh bad wea!r & produc+ a sup]ior hay = fe$+ or mill+ purposes4 ,x is true t alfalfa is be+ cut gre5 & dri$ by artificial heat1 b ?is is only be+ done 9 prep>ation = gr9d+4 ,no "o ?9ks ( do+ x = ! mak+ ( hay = /orage or = fe$+4 ,?is me?od is und]tak51 n because ! alfalfa hay does n dry quickly en\gh 9 ! field1 b because aft] dry+ 9 ! field s _m leaves are lo/ 9 haul+ to ! mill4 ,we h no tr\ble sun-dry+ alfalfa = ord9>y hay purposes2 9 fact1 we h to be v c>eful t x does n get too dry4 ,*eap ,prep>ation ( ,l& = ,alfalfa4 ,i am ab\t to put a piece ( l& into alfalfa1 & want to use ! mo/ economical sy/em ( prep>+ ! l& = irrigation4 ,my neighbors tell me t x w be necess>y = me to h ! l& level$2 at a co/ ( #f to #aj p] acre4 ,n[ ,i am in=m$ t 9 ,alb]ta1 & "s places 9 ,cali=nia1 !y d n g to ! exp5se ( level+ l&1 b use a sy/em ( prep>+ l& = irrigation at a co/ ( ab\t #fj c5ts p] acre4 ,no?+ except a highly educat$ gale ( w9d1 ) discrim9at+ cutt+ & fill+ ability ( a v high ord]1 c\ld d x = t price4 ,! *eape/ way to prep>e l& = irrigation is ! cont\r *eck me?od1 :i* is l>gely us$1 or ! flood+ 9 /rips betwe5 levees at "r angles to ! supply dit*2 b nei!r ( ^! c\ld be put 9 prop]ly = t money1 ev5 if ! l& 0 naturally 9 su* %ape t a m9imum am\nt ( soil-%ift+ is necess>y4 ,:]e ,alfalfa is ,gr[n4 ,9 :at c\nties is alfalfa mo/ successfully gr[n8 ,by ?is ,i mean :]e ?ree crops ( hay may be _h ea* gr[+ season4 ,also1 w corn gr[ good pay+ crops 9 same sections8 ,alfalfa is gr[n all ?r\gh ! valleys & foo?ills ( int]ior ,cali=nia2 also to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 coa/ valleys4 ,on suitable l&s1 ?ree crops c sometimes be secur$ )\t irrigation1 :ile twice or ?ree times z _m cutt+s are secur$ on irrigat$ l&s :]e ! fro/-free season is p>ticul>ly long4 ,accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 we are gr[+ alfalfa on #ai1ajd f>ms ) a total acreage ( #dhd1jih4 ,! total value ( ! product is ov] #ac1jjj1jjj4 ,corn is widely gr[n1 b is small z comp>$ ) alfalfa4 ,x is gr[n 9 alfalfa di/ricts & 9 coa/ valleys :]e !re is n mu* done ) alfalfa4 ,s[+ ,alfalfa4 ,:at is ! prop] "t to s[ alfalfa8 ,"s advocate fall & o!rs spr+ s[+4 ,:at seasons are giv5 = ea* s[+8 ,we %all und\bt$ly soon get to s[+ alfalfa all ! ye> r\nd except 9 ! %ort season ( %>p fro/s & cold wet gr\nd 9 ,novemb]1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,if y c get a good />t 9 ,septemb] & ,octob]1 all "r2 if n1 wait until ,febru>y & ,m>*1 accord+ to ! season4 ,:]e x is nev] v cold or wet1 s[ :5ev] moi/ure is "r4 ,!re nev] c be any rule ab\t x1 = localities w diff]4 ,foxtail & ,alfalfa4 ,w foxtail *oke out & ext]m9ate alfalfa8 ,"s fields look z ?\gh ! foxtail _h cr[d$ ! alfalfa out1 b ,i hold t ! alfalfa di$ f "s o!r cause & ! foxtail m]ely took its place4 ,foxtail w n *oke out alfalfa1 provid+1 soil & moi/ure conditions are "r = ! latt]1 & a good /& ( plant has be5 secur$4 ,if any?+ is wrong ) ! alfalfa1 ! foxtail w be on ! al]t to take advantage ( x4 ,y w always h foxtail ) y1 & consid]able quantities ( x1 p]haps1 9 ! fir/ cutt+1 because foxtail w gr[ at a l[] temp]ature ?an alfalfa1 &1 !re=e1 w keep v busy dur+ ! ra9y season1 :ile ! alfalfa is m or less dormant1 b z ! heat increases1 if ! soil is good & moi/ure ample1 ! alfalfa w put ! foxtail out ( sight until ! foll[+ w9t] invites x to make ano!r aggressive gr[?4 ,!re=e1 we answ] t alfalfa does n die f foxtail1 b f "s condition unfavorable to ! alfalfa1 :i* mu/ be s\ght 9 ! soil1 or 9 ! moi/ure supply1 or trac$ back to bad se$1 & a poor /& at ! beg9n+4 ,:i* ,alfalfa is ,be/8 ,i h 9 ,/anislaus c\nty t5 acres ( ,arabian alfalfa1 :i* 0 s[n ! fir/ week 9 ,april ?is ye>4 ,x 0 clipp$ 9 ,july & irrigat$4 ,x is n[ ab\t #ad in*es high1 b looks sickly1 turns :ite at ! tips1 & "s dies d[n4 ,!re are sev]al places "h ) ! ,arabian alfalfa on !m & ) ! same tr\ble1 :ile ! ord9>y v>iety is look+ f9e by ! side ( x4 ,arabian alfalfa usually makes a good %[ at fir/ & beg9s to run out aft]w>d4 ,x does n seem to be s long-liv$ & satisfactory z ! common v>iety4 ,) ?is prospect ahead ( y1 accord+ to pres5t exp]i5ce1 x w\ld seem to be desirable to pl[ ! crop 9 & se$ aga9 ) ! common v>iety1 or ) ! ,turke/an1 :i* is prov+ ! mo/ satisfactory ( ! rec5tly introduc$ v>ieties4 ,fall ,s[+ ( ,alfalfa4 ,we h summ]-fall[$ l& :i* we "k w gr[ good alfalfa1 & z we h j _h f\r in*es ( ra9fall ^u x1 we 7 wond]+ if we c\ld n pl[ ! tw5ty acres & get a /& ^u x 9 "t to /& ! cold wea!r ?is w9t]4 ,d y ?9k ?is is practicable8 ,if f\r in*es ( ra9 on summ] fall[ connects well ) ! l[] moi/ure :i* a good summ] fall[ ought to cons]ve 9 ! soil1 su* s[+ is rational2 b if ! summ] fall[+ 0 n done well1 t is1 if x 0 r\gh pl[+ )\t en\gh h>r[+1 z is too (t5 ! case1 ! f\r in*es ( ra9 might n be safe because ( ! dry gr\nd b5ea? wait+ to seize ! moi/ure & s dry ! surface t spr\t+ alfalfa plants w\ld p]i% betwe5 dry soil bel[ & dry w9d above4 ,fall s[+ w give en\gh gr[? to resi/ fro/ kill+ 9 _m places 9 ! valley if ! moi/ure 9 ! soil is en\gh to c>ry ! plant z well z />t x1 or if %[]s come frequ5tly - o!rwise x is dang]\s1 n f fro/ b f dr\?4 ,alfalfa ,hay & ,soil ,f]tility4 ,we are fe$+ all our hay to dairy c[s1 return+ ! manure to ! soil4 ,at pres5t prices ( hay1 my neighbors :o sell !irs1 seem to be z well (f1 ) consid]able less "w2 b h[ ab\t ! future8 ,c ?is soil be cropp$ indef9itely & ! crops sold1 )\t return+ any?+ to ! l&8 ,x is a mi/ake to ?9k t y c sell alfalfa hay indef9itely )\t r$uc+ ! soil4 ,x may ga9 9 nitrog5 by ! wa/es ( ! plant1 b x w lose 9 o!r con/itu5ts unless re9=c$ by f]tilization4 ,no s+le act c make = ! ma9t5ance ( ! soil z ! gr[+ & fe$+ ( crops & return ( manure does4 ,dry-,l& ,alfalfa4 ,i am 9 a c\ntry ( /rictly dry f>m+4 ,i h a wa% or gul* on my place & w\ld l to "k if ,i c\ld1 ) success1 plant x to alfalfa )\t irrigation2 soil is s&y loam1 no evid5ces ( spr+y moi/ure at all4 ,:at k9d %\ld ,i try8 ,alfalfa w endure mu* dr\?4 ,:at x w d 9 a p>ticul> place c only be told by try+4 ,s[ ,turke/an alfalfa4 ,if ! ra9s come e>ly s z to wet ! l& d[n 9 ,septemb] & ,octob]1 s[ ! se$ !n4 ,! endurance ( ! plant w dep5d mu* ^u its hav+ a *ance to root deeply be=e ! dr\? comes on4 ,inoculat+ ,alfalfa4 ,is x pr(itable to inoculate alfalfa se$ be=e plant+ to increase its yield8 ,c x be done by lea*+ soil f old alfalfa gr\nd1 provid+ x has be5 pl[$ up & all[$ to /& = a ye>8 ,are comm]cial inoculants a safe ?+ to inoculate )8 ,app>5tly alfalfa does n ne$ inoculation 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,probably n "o acre 9 t5 ?\s& n[ pr(itably gr[+ alfalfa has ev] _h artificial introduction ( g]ms4 ,y c make g]m-tea1 if y wi%1 ( ! soil y describe2 "o ye>'s exposure w\ld n de/roy ! g]ms4 ,x is safe en\gh to use comm]cial cultures4 ,y w h to decide = y\rself :e!r x is wor? :ile4 ,irrigat+ ,alfalfa4 ,i am mak+ p>allel ridges = alfalfa1 s5d+ a full head ( wat] d[n to ! end ( ! field betwe5 ea* ridge4 ,%\ld ,i calculate ! l&s to be m[$ "o at a "t 9 ev5 swa?s8 ,! m[] be+ #e-;foot cut1 w\ld y c\nt on cutt+ a #d #a_/b or #e-;foot swa?8 ,?is soil is s&y1 wat] p]colat+ rapidly4 ,! fall is #h feet to ! mile4 ,h[ wide1 !n1 w\ld y advise mak+ ! ridges to suit ! m[]1 & to flood economically1 us+ f #b to #d cubic feet p] second8 ,! l5g? ( ! l&s is across #dj acres4 ,gr[+ alfalfa 9 long p>allel *ecks1 to be flood$ betwe5 ! levees1 is ! way 9 :i* mu* alfalfa is be+ put 9 at ! pres5t "t :]e ! l& has su* a slope z y indicate4 ,x is calculat$1 h[ev]1 to se$ ! levees z well z ! *eck bottoms1 & to run ! m[]s across ! levees1 ?us leav+ no wa/e l& & m[+ across ! :ole field & n betwe5 ! levees z y propose4 ,= t purpose ^! levees are made l[1 n ov] a foot 9 height1 calculat+ t !y w settle to ab\t six or eight in*es1 :i* is suffici5t to hold ! wat] & direct its fl[ g5tly d[n ! slope4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a limit to ! di/ance ov] :i* wat] c be ev5ly di/ribut$ 9 ?is way1 ! diff]5ce be+ dep5d5t ^u ! "* ( ! soil1 slope1 etc4 ,a l5g? ( n9e hundr$ feet is sometimes f\nd too great = an ev5 di/ribution1 &1 = ?is reason1 supply dit*es at %ort] int]vals are introduc$4 ,unirrigat$ ,alfalfa4 ,9 :at "p ( ! ,/ate does alfalfa gr[ be/ )\t irrigation8 ,obvi\sly ! p>ts :i* h ! greate/ ra9fall 9 connection ) ret5tive soil & pl5ty ( summ] heat4 ,alfalfa gr[s be/ )\t irrigation on sub-irrigat$ l& :]e ! gr\nd wat] is suffici5tly deep to all[ a deep root+ ( ! plant 9 free soil & yet n too f> d[n to be readily rea*$ by ! deep-runn+ roots4 ,good results c be obta9$ ) any:]e f f\r to t5 or twelve feet ( soil above wat]4 ,on %all[] soils ! plant is apt to be %ort-liv$ ?r\gh root tr\bles4 ,unirrigat$ alfalfa is also r$uc$ by ! incursions ( goph]s :i* flood+ at lea/ once a ye> w de/roy4 ,alfalfa & ,ov]fl[4 ,h[ long c alfalfa /& wat] )\t be+ dr[n$ out8 ,i h a piece ( alfalfa on :i* ! wat] w /& = consid]able "t 9 ! w9t] "t4 ,alfalfa :ile dormant w endure subm]g5ce = sev]al weeks4 ,we d n "k exactly h[ long1 b evid5tly = a consid]able p]iod1 provid+ temp]atures are too l[ to invite gr[?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 gr[+ alfalfa is quickly & s]i\sly injur$ by ov]fl[4 ,no ,nurse-,crop = ,alfalfa4 ,is x advisable to use oats ) alfalfa se$s 9 se$+ = alfalfa8 ,"s gr[]s ( alfalfa "h advise x /rongly1 o!rs advise aga9/ x4 ,! g5]al exp]i5ce 9 ,cali=nia is decid$ly aga9/ us+ oats1 b>ley1 or any o!r nursecrop ) alfalfa4 ,get ! l& 9 ! be/ possible condition & let ! alfalfa h ! full b5efit ( x4 ,! rip5+ ( ! gra9 crop w d ! "y alfalfa plants m h>m by robb+ !m ( moi/ure ?an any protection :i* ! tall] plant c af=d4 ,rese$+ ,alfalfa4 ,?is spr+ ,i plant$ alfalfa & only got ab\t half a /& on "s ( ! l&4 ,i want to rese$ ?is fall & ,i ?\ght ( putt+ m se$ on ! gr\nd & !n disc x 94 ,or w\ld y advise replant+ ! l&8 ,:at d y ?9k ( putt+ manure on "y alfalfa8 ,d y ?9k !re is any dang] ( burn+ x out8 ,/ir x up ) a spr+ too? h>r[ or disc x lightly to make a nice se$ b$ & !n s[ y\r se$ z if y 7 plant+ alfalfa = ! fir/ "t4 ,?is w give y a good se$ b$ & w n hurt ! alfalfa already gr[+4 ,prep>e ! surface fir/ & !n s[1 r ?an disk+ 9 ! se$4 ,! manure 9 mod]ate application w\ld n burn out ! "y alfalfa if prop]ly appli$ aft] ! ra9s beg94 ,tak+ ! ,bloat ,out ( ,alfalfa4 ,w ,italian rye grass & r$ top clov] be a success "u irrigation z c[ pa/ure 9 ?is c\nty1 ei!r sep>ately or mix$ ) alfalfa8 ,to s[ 9 b>e spots 9 ! alfalfa1 w\ld ! rye grass prev5t bloat8 ,italian rye grass & r$ clov] w make good pa/urage "u irrigation & w make a fight ) ! alfalfa to ! be/ ( _! ability4 ,! admixture ( rye grass w r$uce ! dang] f bloat+4 ,r$ clov] w n h t effect1 because r$ clov] is a pretty good bloat] on its own acc\nt4 ,?is seems to be ! function ( all ! clov]s accord+ to ! rankness ( _! gr[? at ! "t t !y are graz$4 ,! ,"t to ,cut ,alfalfa4 ,:at is ! be/ p]iod to cut alfalfa hay = c[ fe$ & ! be/ me?od = cur+8 ,! be/ "t to cut alfalfa is j :5 new %oots are />t+ out at ! cr[n4 ,?is w give ! greate/ yield ( hay dur+ a season1 & ! hay w be mu* m palatable ?an if ! alfalfa is p]mitt$ to get well into ! blossom+ p]iod4 ,! leaves1 :i* are ! be/ "p ( ! hay1 also rema9 on bett] ?an if ! /ems are old]4 ,if a p]son does n c>e to take ! tr\ble to f9d out :e!r ! new %oots are com+ out or n1 he c approximate ! "t to cut fairly well by wait+ until a blossom "h & !re appe>s1 cutt+ imm$iately4 ,x w\ld be difficult to tell on pap] exactly :5 alfalfa 0 prop]ly cur$1 z t is a matt] ( individual judgm5t4 ,x is usual to cut 9 ! morn+ & rake into w9dr[s 9 ! aft]noon4 ,) ! usual wea!r 9 int]ior ,cali=nia t /age ( ! cur+ is complet$ by t "t4 ,! next day x c be ga!r$ into cocks & gott5 ready to move4 ,t is ab\t all ! cur+ t is done4 ,! size ( ! w9dr[s dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( hay1 z ?ick hay %\ld be put up 9 small w9dr[s to give pl5ty ( circulation ( air4 ,x is consid]$ bett] also to build ! cocks on rak$ l&1 o!rwise ! hay ly+ flat at ! bottom w n cure prop]ly & _c be ga!r$ up clean4 ,:i* ,crop ( ,alfalfa = ,se$8 ,:i* cutt+ ( alfalfa %\ld be left = se$ be>+8 ,:i* cutt+ is be/ = se$ dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 on ! way ! plant gr[s 9 y\r locality4 ,:]e x />ts e>ly & gives _m cutt+s 9 a season ) irrigation a lat] gr[? %\ld be *os5 = se$ ?an ) a %ort season :]e few] cutt+s c be _h4 ,! second cutt+ is be/ 9 _m places1 b ,o4 ,e4 ,lamb]t ( ,mode/o aft] ?re%+ ab\t #cj lots 9 "o ye> tells u t "s gr[]s _h left second1 "s ?ird & "s f\r? cutt+s = se$4 ,he f\nd ! second cutt+ v poor bo? 9 yield & grade1 mu* ( x n be+ well fill$ & ! se$ blight$1 z ! gr[? ( hay 0 too heavy4 ,! se$ on ?ird cutt+ 0 good bo? 9 grade & yield4 ,mu* ( ! se$ on f\r? cutt+ 0 n matur$4 ,= good results ! /& %\ld be ?94 ,our dri]1 heavi] l&s give ! be/ results1 sub-irrigat$ l&s n se$+4 ,all irrigation %\ld /op ) ! previ\s cutt+ = hay4 ,silo+ ,fir/ ,crop ,alfalfa4 ,h[ ab\t putt+ fir/ cutt+ ( alfalfa & foxtail into ! silo8 ,d y ?9k !re is any dang] ( fire 9 a wood5 silo1 & d y add salt & wat] :5 fill+1 & h[ long aft] x is cut w\ld y advise putt+ x into ! silo8 ,put x ?r\gh ! silo cutt] z soon z y c get x f ! field4 ,d n let x cure at all1 & be sure to cut & pack well4 ,if at all dry1 use wat] at ! "t ( fill+1 & "s salt !n also1 if y desire4 ,!re is no dang] ( fir+ if y put x 9 ) good moi/ure1 & by %ort cutt+ & h>d pack+ y exclude ! air4 ,if y d n d ?is y w get a silo full ( manure1 & possibly h a fire :ile x is rott+4 ,soil = ,alfalfa4 ,:at k9d ( soil is be/ = alfalfa on a dairy ran*8 ,an ideal soil = alfalfa is a deep well dra9$ soil into :i* ! roots c run deeply )\t dang] ( enc\nt]+ /&+ wat] or alkali4 ,/ill we are f9d+ t alfalfa is v successful on soils :i* are n /rictly ideal1 provid+ ! moi/ure is suppli$ 9 su* a way t ! soil %all n be wat]logg$ nor ! wat] be all[$ to rema9 ^u ! surface dur+ ! hot wea!r1 because ?is kills ! plant4 ,h&l+ ,"y ,alfalfa4 ,i h alfalfa t is do+ v well = ! fir/ ye>4 ,my soil is s&y loam ) light traces ( :ite alkali1 al?\gh x does n seem to be detrim5tal to ! gr[? ?us f>4 ,i am 9 ! dairy bus9ess & w h by w9t] en\gh manure to top-dress ! field4 ,w\ld x be good policy to use ! manure1 or w\ld x be m satisfactory to top-dress ) gypsum8 ,w\ld x injure alfalfa to pa/ure lightly aft] ! la/ cutt+8 ,presumably y\r soil conta9s en\gh lime1 & !re=e ! application ( gypsum at ?is "t ( ! ye> w\ld n be necess>y4 ,x may be desirable to top-dress ) gypsum ne> ! end ( ! ra9y season to /imulate ! gr[? ( ! plant4 ,gypsum1 h[ev]1 has no effect ^u :ite alkali4 ,s f> z alkali goes1 gypsum m]ely *anges black alkali into :ite1 ?us mak+ x less corrosive4 ,!re w\ld be no objection to pa/ur+ lightly ?is fall4 ,be c>eful1 h[ev]1 to keep (f ! /ock :ile ! l& is wet & n to ov]/ock s z to injure root cr[ns by tramp+4 ,! manure c be us$ z a top dress+ dur+ ! ra9y season1 unless y ?9k x bett] to save x = ! gr[? ( o!r crops4 ,alfalfa is s deep root+ :]e conditions are favorable t x does n require f]tilization usually on l& :i* has be5 us$ = a long "t = gra9 or o!r %all[-root+ plants4 ,alfalfa ,s[+ ) ,gypsum4 ,i int5d s[+ alfalfa ?is fall on l& t has "s v compact h>d spots4 ,i aim to doctor ^! spots ) gypsum at ! rate ( ab\t #ajjj p\nds p] acre & cultivate ! gypsum 9 ?or\ghly two or ?ree weeks be=e s[+ ! alfalfa se$4 ,w\ld ?is be all "r8 ,is !re dang] ( injury to se$ by com+ 9 contact ) gypsum8 ,gypsum w n hurt ! alfalfa se$4 ,x is n corrosive l an alkali4 ,:e!r x w h "t en\gh to ameliorate ! soil 9 ! spots 9 ! p]iod y m5tion dep5ds ^u !re be+ moi/ure en\gh pres5t at ! "t4 ,r$ ,clov] = ,%all[ ,l&4 ,:at c y say ( r$ clov] on %all[ soils 9 ! ,sacram5to valley "u irrigation8 ,h[ _m crops1 etc48 ,r$ clov] is f9e "u ! conditions y describe4 ,we c\ld nev] und]/& :y p d n gr[ m ( x on %all[ l& ov] h>dpan :i* is free f alkali & n irrigat$ too mu* at a "t4 ,x is good on %all[ l& ov] wat]1 :]e alfalfa roots decay1 etc4 ,?\gh we h no exact figures1 we %\ld expect to get ab\t two-?irds z mu* weight f x z f an equally good /& ( alfalfa4 ,clov]s = ,high ,gr\nd-,wat]4 ,:]e1 9 ,cali=nia1 is alfalfa be+ rais$ successfully above a wat]-table (1 say1 #d feet or less1 & are any unusual means us$ to accompli% ?is8 ,ov] a high wat]-table1 ! alfalfa plant w be %ort] liv$ accord+ to ! %all[ness ( soil above wat]4 ,"o c\ld get v good results at f #d to #f feet1 :]eas at #b or #c feet ! /& ( alfalfa w\ld soon become scant ?r\gh decay ( its fle%y root4 ,:]e ! wat] comes v ne> ! surface1 a m %all[ & fibr\s root+ plant1 l ! ,ea/]n r$ clov]1 %\ld be sub/itut$ = alfalfa 9 ,cali=nia4 ,x is a v vigor\s gr[] & w yield a numb] ( crops 9 succession al?\gh ! wat] might be v ne> ! surface1 z 9 ! case ( ! reclaim$ isl&s 9 ! ,/ockton & ,sacram5to regions & 9 %all[ irrigat$ soils ov] b$rock 9 ! foo?ills or ov] h>dpan on ! valley pla9s4 ,9 ?is /atem5t1 fre$om f alkali is presum$4 ,vet*es 9 ,san joaqu94 ,9 ,mi*igan ,i 0 famili> ) ! use ( ! s& vet* z a =age plant1 = hay1 = gre5 manure1 & z a nitrog5 produc]4 ,9 we/]n ,mi*igan1 on ! loose s&y soil1 ,i s[$ 9 ,septemb] or ,octob] #bj p\nds p] acre = a se$ crop & #dj p\nds p] acre = pa/ure1 hay1 or gre5 manure4 ,c ,i expect good results 9 ,fresno & ,tul>e c\nties )\t irrigation8 ,w fall se$+ ! same z :eat produce a se$ crop8 ,w s& vet* gr[ on soil hav+ "o-half ( "o p] c5t alkali8 ,mo/ ( ! vet*es gr[ well 9 ! ,cali=nia valleys dur+ ! ra9y season2 ! common vet*1 ,vicia sativa1 & ! hairy vet*1 ,vicia hirsuta1 are giv+ be/ results4 ,! prop] "t to plant is at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season4 ,!y w /& "s alkali1 especially dur+ ! ra9y season1 :5 x is likely to be di/ribut$ by ! d[nw>d movem5t ( wat]1 b x is v easy to f9d l& :i* has too mu* alkali = !m4 ,^! plants se$ well 9 "s p>ts ( ! valley1 b a local trial mu/ be made to give y def9ite in=mation4 ,gr[+ ,vet* = ,hay4 ,h[ _m p\nds ( vet* se$ %\ld be s[n to ! acre8 ,h[ _m tons p] acre 9 ! crop8 ,z ,i desire to *ange my crop1 hav+ to "s ext5t exhau/$ ! soil ) oats1 h[ advisable w x be to s[ :eat ) ! vet* to give x some?+ to climb on8 ,if s1 & :eat is n desirable "u ! circum/ances1 :at8 ,9 us+ vet* = horse fodd]1 h[ mu* b>ley %\ld be f$ ) x p] day = a driv+ horse8 ,= a draught horse8 ,is vet* s[n & h>ve/$ at ab\t ! same "t z o!r crops8 ,except 9 v fro/y places1 vet* c be s[n aft] ! ra9 beg9s at ab\t #dj to #fj p\nds ( se$ to ! acre4 ,! yield w dep5d ^u ! l& & on ! moi/ure supply1 & _c be prophesi$4 ,"o gr[] reports ?ree tons ( hay p] acre ne> ,napa4 ,if ! l& usually yields a good hay crop1 x %\ld yield a great] weight ( vet*4 ,9 m[+ = hay purposes x is desirable to raise ! vet* (f ! gr\nd to facilitate ! action ( ! m[]4 ,oats w\ld be bett] ?an :eat1 because r quick] 9 w9t] gr[?4 ,if ! vet* is to be f$ gre51 rye is a good gra91 b n good = hay purposes because ( ! h>dness ( ! /em4 ,!re is no p>ticul> diff]5ce 9 ! plant-food requirem5ts ( ! diff]5t gra9s1 s t !re is no?+ ga9$ 9 t way 9 ! *oice ( :eat4 ,9 fe$+ a comb9$ vet* & b>ley hay1 ! ration is balanc$2 ! fe$+ ( gra9 w\ld n be necess>y1 except 9 case ( h>d "w "u ! same conditions gra9 is usually f$ to horses & 9 ab\t ! same am\nts4 ,vet* requires a long] season ?an ord9>y oat or b>ley hay crop to make a l>g] gr[?1 consequ5tly an e>ly s[+ is desirable4 ,cov] ,crop 9 ,hop ,y>d4 ,w y please give in=mation conc]n+ c[ peas or ! mo/ suitable crop to s[ 9 a hop field = w9t] gr[?1 to be pl[$ "u z a f]tiliz] 9 ! spr+8 ,also1 w\ld x injure ! v9es to be cut d[n be=e !y die1 s z to s[ ! mul* crop soon z possible aft] ! hops are ga!r$8 ,c[ peas w\ld n d = ! use :i* y propose1 because !y w\ld be spe$ily kill$ by fro/ on l[ l&s1 usually *os5 = hops1 & w\ld give y no gr[? dur+ ! fro/y season4 ,probably !re is no?+ bett] ?an burr clov] = su* a w9t] gr[?4 ,hop v9es %\ld be all[$ to gr[ z long z !y ma9ta9 ! ?rifty gre5 color1 because ! gr[? ( ! leaves /r5g!ns ! root4 ,b :5 !y beg9 to become weak5$ & yell[ !y c be remov$ )\t injury4 ,x is n necess>y to wait = !m to become fully dead4 ,gr[+ ,c[peas4 ,:at is ! be/ v>iety ( c[ peas = a =age crap8 ,i want a v>iety :i* ) irrigation w come up aft] x has be5 cut1 s z to keep gr[+ & n be l "s :i* ,i tri$ la/ ye>4 ,!y grew up l ord9>y g>d5 peas & 7 j a wa/e ( gr\nd4 ,possibly y did n get c[peas2 !y d n look l g>d5 peas at all3 !y look m l runn+ beans1 :i* !y are4 ,! crop is n c\nt$ satisfactory except on l[1 moi/ l&1 = on upl&s1 ev5 ) irrigation1 x does n seem to behave "r4 ,we d n "k t a second gr[? c be expect$1 = 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates x is gr[n z a s+le crop1 & res[+ is done if a succession is desir$1 ! po9t be+ made at ! ,s\? t ! plant is adapt$ to ?is me?od ( culture because x gr[s s rapidly t x c be twice s[n & h>ve/$ dur+ ! fro/-free p]iod4 ,c[peas 9 ! ,san ,joaqu94 ,h[ late 9 ! season w x be pr(itable to plant c[peas8 ,:at is ! be/ mann] ( plant+8 ,are !re sev]al v>ieties8 ,if s1 :i* "o is be/ adapt$ to plant aft] oats8 ,! l& c be irrigat$ until ab\t ,augu/ #aj4 ,w x be advisable to pl[ up a poor /& ( alfalfa ab\t ,july #a & plant to c[ peas8 ,y c plant c[peas all summ] on l& :i* is moi/ en\gh by natural moi/ure or irrigation to promote gr[?4 ,:at y w get by late plant+ dep5ds ^u moi/ure & abs5ce ( an e>ly fall fro/4 ,if y\r alfalfa /& is bad en\gh to ne$ re-s[+ anyway1 y may get a good cat* crop ( c[peas by do+ z y propose4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y pl[ "u mu* co>se /uff 9 putt+ 9 ! peas ! gr[? may be irregul>4 ,x c1 ( c\rse1 be improv$ by free irrigation4 ,on cle> l& mod]ately ret5tive mu* m is be+ done 9 summ] gr[? ( c[peas )\t irrigation ?an expect$4 ,!re are sev]al good v>ieties4 ,"o ( ^! is ! ,:ippoorwill4 ,c[peas c be s[n 9 furr[s ?ree feet ap>t & cultivat$1 us+ ab\t #dj p\nds ( se$ to ! acre1 or !y may be broadca/$1 :i* takes ab\t twice z mu* se$4 ,c[peas & ,canadian ,peas4 ,w\ld ,canadian field peas & c[ peas be valuable z a =age crop = c[s & hogs2 also z f]tiliz]8 ,please tell u also :5 to plant1 h[ to plant1 etc4 ,^! plants are ( high =age value z c[ fe$2 also z a soil re/orative :5 ! :ole crop is pl[$ "u gre5 or :5 ! roots & manure f fe$+ add to ! soil4 ,b = ei!r purpose ! result dep5ds ^u h[ mu* gr[? y c get1 & t %\ld be told by local trial be=e any great outlay is und]tak54 ,canadian peas are h>dy aga9/ fro/ & c be broadca/$ & cov]$ ) %all[ pl[+ z soon z ! l& is moi/ en\gh f fall ra9s - except 9 v fro/y p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,!y c also be s[n 9 drills to advantage4 ,c[ peas are beans1 & _c be plant$ until fro/ dang] is ov] 9 ! spr+4 ,!y are only available = summ] fe$+1 & :e!r !y w be wor? :ile or n dep5ds ^u h[ mu* moi/ure c be held 9 ! soil = summ] gr[?4 ,!y %\ld be s[n 9 drills & cultivation cont9u$ = moi/ure cons]vation until ! plants cov] ! gr\nd too mu* to get ! cultivator ?r\gh4 ,canadian or ,niles ,peas4 ,i s5d a sample ( peas :i* ,i b\ght = ,canada field peas1 & !y 7 s label$4 ,i w\ld l to "k :at !y are4 ,! peas are1 app>5tly1 "o k9d ( ,canada peas4 ,!re is "s v>iation 9 ,canada peas1 b ^! are peas ( t class4 ,"s ( ! ,canada pea are h>dly di/+ui%able f ! s-call$ ,niles pea ( ,cali=nia gr[?1 & x does n matt] mu*1 anyway1 = "o is ab\t z good z ! o!r4 ,sunfl[]s & ,soy ,beans4 ,i w\ld l in=mation conc]n+ cultivation1 me?od ( fe$+ & food value ( soy beans4 ,also sunfl[]s4 ,soy beans are gr[n l o!r beans1 9 r[s :i*1 = conv5i5ce 9 field culture1 %\ld be ab\t #b #a_/b feet ap>t & cultivat$ up to bloom+ "t at lea/4 ,!y %\ld be s[n aft] fro/ dang] is ov] & ! wea!r is settl$ w>m1 = !y enjoy heat4 ,= fe$+ !y c be made into hay be=e maturity1 or ! beans c be matur$ & prep>$ = fe$+ by gr9d+4 ,z ) o!r beans1 small am\nts %\ld be us$ 9 connection ) o!r fe$s4 ,!y are a ri* food & some:at heavy on ! dige/ion4 ,! same is true ( sunfl[]s1 except t ! se$ is ri*] 9 oil ?an 9 prote91 z beans are4 ,sunfl[]s 9 field culture are plant$ & cultivat$ l beans4 ,! se$ is flail$ out ( ! heads aft] !y lie = a "t to dry4 ,j]sey ,kale4 ,please in=m me h[ to plant ,j]sey or c[ kale4 ,j]sey kale c be plant$ by ?9 scatt]+ ( se$s 9 r[s #b #a_/b feet ap>t s z to admit ( cultivation1 or ! plants c be gr[n j z cabbage plants are & set out #b #a_/b or #c feet ap>t1 ! squ>es to admit ( cultivation bo? ways4 ,! plant ne$s a good deal m space ?an an ord9>y cabbage1 = x makes a tall free gr[?1 & space mu/ be _h = ! gr[? ( ! plant & = go+ into ! pat* = /ripp+ (f leaves & cultivation4 ,! plant c be />t$ 9 ! ra9y season :5ev] ! l& comes into good condition4 ,x is a w9t] gr[] 9 ,cali=nia valleys4 ,rape & ,milo4 ,w\ld rape be a good pa/ure crop s[n broadca/8 ,if s1 at :at "t %\ld x be plant$8 ,w ,milo maize gr[ pr(itable 9 ,sonoma c\nty8 ,rape c be s[n z soon z ! l& gets moi/ en\gh f e>ly ra9s to />t ! se$ & hold ! gr[?4 ,x is a w9t]gr[+ plant 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,we believe1 h[ev]1 y w get bett] results ) common vet*1 :i* is also a w9t] gr[] & m nutriti\s4 ,if y desire "o ( ! cabbage family1 kale w probably s]ve y bett] ?an rape4 ,milo is "o ( ! sorghums & w only gr[ dur+ ! fro/less p]iod1 l ,kafir1 ,egyptian corn & o!r sorghums4 ,x w d well ) y1 b probably make less gr[? ?an 9 ! int]ior valleys4 ,sweet ,clov] ,n an ,alfalfa4 ,i s5d y a sample ( alfalfa :i* gr[s v vigor\s "h on my place spontane\sly & w\ld l y to give me all ! in=mation ab\t x y w1 z a fe$ = c[s & hogs4 ,! /ock seem to eat x well4 ,! plant is n alfalfa at all4 ,x is :ite sweet clov] 7melilotus alba71 & x is usually consid]$ a great pe/ 9 alfalfa fields1 because al?\gh x gr[s vigor\sly z y describe1 x is n g5]ally accept$ by /ock1 unless once 9 a:ile "s "o consid]s x a good ?+1 p]haps because he keeps /ock hungry en\gh to enjoy x 9 spite ( its rank ta/e & smell1 b1 usually :5 !y c get alfalfa !y w n pay mu* att5tion to ?is plant4 ,x is good = bee pa/urage1 h[ev]1 & is gr[n to "s ext5t = t purpose4 ,y probably _h ! se$ ( x 9 y\r alfalfa se$4 ,x is a bi5nial & n a p]5nial l alfalfa4 ,x w disappe> if y c keep x f go+ to se$4 ,sweet ,clov] z a ,cov] ,crop4 ,h[ ab\t melilotus z a cov] crop8 ,la/ ye> 9 c]ta9 sections x prov$ v successful1 :ile 9 o!rs x did n give satisfaction4 ,melilotus1 by virtue ( its h>d9ess 9 gr[+ at l[ temp]atures1 its dep? ( root p5etration1 ! availability ( ! se$1 ! smallness ( ! se$ s t ! weight requir$ = ! acre is n l>ge1 is to be favor$ = a cov] crop4 ,! objections are two3 ,! fact t x does n seem to gr[ well "u "s conditions2 second1 t :5 a gr[? is made x is co>se & rangey1 & ! am\nt ( gre5 /uff to ! acre is mu* less ?an its appe>ance w\ld indicate4 ,we "k ( cases :]e :at seem$ to be a good /& ( melilotus yield$ only ab\t t5 tons ( gre5 /uff to ! acre1 & :at appe>$ to be a less gr[? ( vet*es or peas yield$ f fifte5 to tw5ty tons to ! acre4 ,& yet we believe t 9 "s places x w be f\nd extremely desirable = a cov] crop 9 h>mony ) :at 0 report$ "s "t ago z ! result ( exp]im5ts by ! ,arizona ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,sp9eless ,cactus4 ,!re seems to be two di/9ct k9ds ( cactus3 ,"o = =age1 ! o!r = fruit4 ,x is claim$ by "s p t ! sp9eless cactus is m valuable z a =age plant ?an alfalfa4 ,:at is y\r op9ion8 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( smoo? cacti4 ,"s ( !m be> high] quality fruit ?an o!rs1 & "s are fre] gr[]s & be> a great] am\nt ( leaf sub/ance = =age purposes2 !re=e1 v>ieties are be+ develop$ :i* are sup]ior = fruit or = =age1 z ! case may be4 ,sp9eless cactus is 9 no way comp>able ) alfalfa1 ei!r 9 nutritive cont5t or 9 value ( crop1 provid+ y h l& & wat] :i* w produce a good product ( alfalfa4 ,cactus is = l&s :i* are 9 an entirely diff]5t class & :i* are n capable ( alfalfa production4 ,probably ,n ,broom-,corn4 ,i h a side-hill ran* on :i* ,i w\ld v mu* l to raise broom corn4 ,! soil produces good grapes1 fruit1 corn1 oats1 peas1 etc41 & ,i wi% to "k if !re are possibilities ( broom-/raw4 ,all ! broom-corn :i* has be5 successfully produc$ 9 ,cali=nia has be5 produc$ on moi/1 riv]side l&4 ,! plant is a sorghum - consequ5tly subject to fro/ injury1 & c only be gr[n dur+ ! fro/less season z ,indian corn is4 ,?is makes x impossible to get ! advantage ( ra9fall on w9t] upl& & necessitates ! use ( l[l&s1 :i* c>ry moi/ure en\gh to secure a free gr[? ( ! bru%1 = poor broom-corn is wor?less practically1 be+ too l[ pric$ to be pr(itable = brooms & too fibr\s to be ( value = fe$+ purposes4 ,ev5 9 a place :]e ! plant gr[s well its product is wor?less unless prop]ly treat$1 & t requires full k & a good deal ( "w4 ,! ,outlook = ,broom ,corn4 ,broom corn is way up 9 price1 b t is an indication t ev]yone :o has ev] gr[n broom corn is likely to plant x ?is ye>4 ,:at is ! outlook 9 ,cali=nia8 ,no?+ b a local exp]im5t w det]m9e :e!r y c get a satisfactory bru% "u ! conditions prevail+ 9 y\r vic9ity4 ,und\bt$ly1 ! high price ( broom corn w /imulate production1 b "u q %>p limitations 9 ,cali=nia1 because a good1 satisfactory bru% _c be gr[n on dry pla9s1 al?\gh a good product is made 9 ! riv] bottoms n f> away4 ,b !re are s few p 9 ,cali=nia :o und]/& h[ to h&le broom corn to produce a good comm]cial article1 & !re are su* rigid requirem5ts 9 ! size1 quality1 etc41 t ^? :o break into ! bus9ess )\t prop] k _c comm& ev5 pr(itable prices4 ,!re=e1 if y\r ent]prise is conduct$ ) a full k & ) prop] local conditions x w\ld n enc\nt] su* a local disadvantage 9 ! great increase ( ! product z "o might ?9k at fir/4 ,smutty ,sorghum4 ,! v>i\s plant+s ( ,egyptian corn on ! ran* h turn$ smutty1 v mu* aft] ! mann] ( :eat & b>ley4 ,is !re any unusual reason = ?is1 or c\ld irrigation h caus$ x1 & :at is ! be/ me?od ( prev5t+ x8 ,sorghum is affect$ by a smut simil> to t ( o!r gra9s4 ,x is due to ! introduction ( ! g]m ( ! disease :i* comes ) ! use ( smutty se$4 ,possibly ! gr[? ( ! smut may h be5 promot$ by moi/ure aris+ f soil r5d]$ v wet by irrigation1 & = ?is plant free irrigation %\ld n be us$1 because x w d m ) less wat] ?an any o!r plant we are gr[+1 & is likely to be m ?rifty 9 a dri] atmosph]e4 ,get se$ = next ye> f an absolutely clean field2 get z mu* gr[? z y c )\t irrigation1 & !n use wat] 9 mod]ate quantities z may be necess>y1 foll[$ by a cultivation = ! dry+ ( ! surface4 ,late-s[n ,sorghum4 ,h[ late c ,egyptian corn be plant$ on good s$im5t soil capable ( gr[+ #dj to #ej socks ( b>ley p] acre 9 good ye>s ) ord9>y ra98 ,! field 0 cut ?is ye> = hay on acc\nt ( rank gr[? ( wild oats1 aft] irrigat+2 l& is /ill moi/4 ,c ,i put 9 ,egyptian corn ) on assurance ( crop1 or is x too late8 ,h[ mu* se$ %\ld be plant$ to ! acre1 also %\ld se$ be drill$ 9 or broad-ca/$8 ,!re is no difficulty 9 gett+ a />t ( ,egyptian corn dur+ ! dry season provid+ ! soil conta9s moi/ure en\gh to g]m9ate ! se$4 ,aft]w>d ! gr[? w be m or less accord+ to ! moi/ure pres5t & w be available = =age purposes4 ,:e!r a se$ crop c be _h by late s[+ dep5ds ^u ! fro/ occurr5ce 9 ! p>ticul> locality1 = x only takes a light fro/ to de/roy ! plant4 ,to get ! be/ results1 p>ticul>ly ) late s[+1 ! se$s %\ld be drill$ 9 r[s f> en\gh ap>t = horse cultivation2 ab\t =ty p\nds ( se$ to ! acre4 ,:at y get 9 ?is way w dep5d ^u ! am\nt ( moi/ure 9 ! soil & ! duration ( ! fro/-fre$om4 ,kaffir & ,egyptian ,corn4 ,does ,kaffir corn yield z well "h z ,egyptian corn8 ,! fodd] is good fe$ & ! heads /& erect & at a m ev5 height f ! gr\nd1 :i* makes ?ree advantages ov] ,egyptian4 ,irrigation 9 ei!r case is ! "s4 ,! reasons y m5tion h no d\bt _h mu* to d ) ! pres5t popul>ity ( an upright plant l ,kafir ov] a goos5eck l ! old dh\ra or ,egyptian1 :i* 0 ! type fir/ introduc$ 9 ,cali=nia4 ,= ye>s !re has be5 m goos5eck sorghum 9 ! ,sacram5to valley ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,x may h sup]ior local adaptions or ! p may be m cons]vative4 ,! way to det]m9e :i* is bett] is to try x out1 &1 unless ! ,egyptian does bett] 9 gra9 & =age ?an ! upright gr[]s1 take to ! gra9 :i* holds its head up4 ,sorghums = ,se$4 ,:i* sorghum is ! mo/ pr(itable to plant = ! se$ only ,:ite ,egyptian1 ,brawn ,egyptian or ,yell[ ,mila8 ,:i* sorghum is be/ is app>5tly a local "q & gov]n$ by local conditions to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,egyptian corn 7) ! goose-neck /em7 has held m popul>ity 9 y\r "p ( ! ,sacram5to ?an else:]e1 :ile ,kaffir corn 7hold+ its head upright1 z d _m o!r sorghums7 has be5 = ye>s v popul> 9 ! ,san ,joaqu94 ,9 ! ,imp]ial valley ,dw>f ,milo is *iefly gr[n = a se$ crop %att]+ & bird invasion are v important4 ,g4 ,w4 ,dairs ( ! ,san ,joaqu9 valley1 says !re is a v great diff]5ce 9 ! diff]5t v>ieties reg>d+ wa/e f ! blackbird4 ,! ord9>y :ite ,egyptian corn is v easily %ell$1 & ! birds wa/e _m times m ( ! gra9 ?an !y eat1 aft] x has become ?or\ghly ripe4 ,! ,milo maize1 or r$ ,egyptian corn1 does n %ell ne>ly s easily z ! :ite corn1 & ! gra9 is consid]ably h>d] & less attractive to ! blackbirds4 ,9 fact1 blackbirds w n "w 9 a field ( ?is v>iety ( corn if !re is any :ite corn 9 ! vic9ity to be _h4 ,! dw>f ,milo maize yields mu* m crop ?an ! :ite ,egyptian corn1 or any o!r v>iety4 ,blackbirds d n damage ! :ite ,kaffir corn to ! ext5t !y d ! ord9>y :ite ,egyptian corn4 ,sorghum ,plant+4 ,:at is ! be/ "t to s[ ,egyptian corn2 also h[ mu* p] acre to s[8 ,all ! sorghums1 ( :i* ,egyptian corn is "o1 mu/ be s[n aft] fro/ dang] is ov] - ! "t widely kn[n z suitable = ,indian corn1 squa%es & o!r t5d] plants4 ,s[ ?9ly 9 %all[ furr[s or m>ks1 #c #a_/b or #d feet ap>t & cultivate z long z y c easily get ?r\gh ! r[s ) a horse4 ,ab\t #h p\nds ( se$ is us$ p] acre4 ,if gr[n = gre5 fodd]1 s[ m ?ickly & make ! r[s clos]1 say #b #a_/b feet ap>t4 ,buck:eat ,gr[+4 ,two or ?ree f>m]s 9 ?is locality desire to plant buck:eat4 ,n hav+ done s h]et(ore !y are 9 d\bt z to ! soil & o!r conditions t g to make a successful crop4 ,! gr[+ ( buck:eat 9 ,cali=nia is an exce$+ly small affair4 ,! local m>ket is v limit$1 z mo/ ,cali=nia hot cakes are made ( :eat fl\r4 ,!re is no *ance = outw>d %ipm5t1 & ! crop itself1 be+ capable ( gr[+ only dur+ ! fro/less season1 has to be plant$ on moi/ l&s :]e !re is n only abundant summ] moi/ure b an air some:at humid4 ,irrigat$ upl&s1 ev5 9 ! fro/less season1 are h>dly suitable = ! common buck:eat1 al?\gh !y may give ! gr[? ( ,japanese buck:eat = beekeep]s :o use d>k honey = bee fe$+4 ,! ,japanese buck:eat is well suit$ = ?is because x keeps bloom+ & produces a scatt]$ crop ( se$1 b ?is *>act]i/ic makes x less suitable = a gra9 crop1 & x has !re=e nev] become v popul> 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,we consid] buck:eat z n wor?y ( mu* consid]ation by ,cali=nia f>m]s4 ,v>iation 9 ,russian ,sunfl[]s4 ,9 an acre ( mammo? ,russian sunfl[]s !re seems to be ?ree v>ieties1 "s ( ! plants be> b "o l>ge fl[]2 o!rs be> a fl[] at ! top ) _m o!r small] ones circl+ x1 :ile o!rs h long /alks j above ! leaf /ems f ! gr\nd level all ! way up to ! l>ge/ fl[]1 :i* appe>s at ! v top4 ,are all ^! v>ieties true mammo? ,russian sunfl[]s8 ,:at explanation is !re = ^! v>iations8 ,w ! se$ f ! v>iety c>ry+ b "o natural head produce se$ t w reproduce true to ! p>5t8 ,y\r sunfl[]s are probably only play+ ! pranks _! gr&fa!rs enjoy$4 ,if se$ is ga!r$ indiscrim9ately f all ! heads :i* appe> 9 ! crop1 succe$+ g5]ations w keep rev]t+ until !y return to ! wild type1 or some?+ ne> x4 ,if !re is a cle> idea ( :at is ! be/ type 7"o great head or sev]al heads1 plac$ 9 a c]ta9 way7 & se$ is cont9ually tak5 f su* plants only = plant+1 m & m plants w be ( ?is k9d until ! type becomes fix$ & rev]sions w only r>ely appe>4 ,no se$ %\ld be kept = plant+ )\t select+ x f :at y consid] ! be/ type ( plant2 no field %\ld be gr[n = comm]cial se$ )\t rogue-+ out ! plants :i* %[ rev]sions or bad v>iations4 ,if y f9d sunfl[]s pr(itable z a crop 9 y\r locality1 rigid selection ( se$ %\ld be practic$ by all gr[]s1 aft] c>eful comp>ison ( views & a decision z to ! be/ *>act]s to select =4 ,sacal9e4 ,my att5tion has be5 br\ght to a plant call$ ,sacal9e by an ,ea/]n plant deal]4 ,he /ates t ?is plant w gr[ 9 any k9d ( soil & ne$s practically no wat]4 ,! plant ,sacal9e 7,polygonum saghali5ce7 0 introduc$ to ,cali=nia z a dry-l& =age plant ab\t #ahic1 & has nev] demon/rat$ any p>ticul> =age value4 ,x is a br[s+ %rub1 mak+ woody /em1 & cattle w eat x readily :5 n provid$ ) bett] food4 ,x has possible value on wa/e l&1 b probably is 9 no s5se sup]ior to ! native %rubs ( ,cali=nia :i* s]ve t purpose4 ,x is a h&some ornam5tal plant = g>d5s or p>ks4 ,mossy ,lawns4 ,:at w de/roy pat*es ( moss :i* are spread+ ov] our lawns & app>5tly de/roy+ ! grass8 ,m sunlight w\ld h a t5d5cy to disc\rage ! gr[? ( moss on a lawn4 ,if ?is is n feasible1 irrigation less frequ5tly b a m ?or\gh soak+ ea* "t w give ! surface a bett] *ance to dry (f1 & moss w n gr[ on a dry surface4 ,! frequ5t spray+ ( a lawn ) j en\gh wat] to keep ! surface moi/ & n en\gh wat] to p5etrate deeply w t5d to ! gr[+ ( moss & to less vigor 9 ! gr[? ( ! grass1 ,a good soak+ ( ! soil once a week is bett] ?an daily spr9kl+1 b1 ( c\rse1 v mu* m wat] mu/ be us$ :5 y only spr9kle at long int]vals4 ,! dry+ ( ! surface may be assi/$ by spr9kl+ ) air-slak$ lime & ?is w disc\rage ! gr[? ( moss1 b ( c\rse lime mu/ n be us$ 9 excess or x w also injure ! grass4 ,scatt]+ ,grass ,se$s4 ,we live on ! we/ side ( ,sonoma valley1 & want to se$ "s ( our fields ) a good wild grass4 ,we want to c>ry bags ( x 9 our pockets to scatt] :5 we ride4 ,timo?y we %\ld l1 b ?is is n its habitat1 is x8 ,c y sugge/ a grass or grasses t w\ld d well "h8 ,!re are really wild grasses wor?y ( multiplication1 b no "o makes a bus9ess ( collect+ ! se$ = sale1 s t su* se$s are n available = su* purpose z y describe4 ,( ! introduc$ grasses1 ^? :i* are mo/ likely to cat* f e>ly scatt]$ se$ are ,au/ralian & ,italian rye grasses1 or*>d grass1 wild oat grass & r$ top4 ,y c get se$ ( all ^! f deal]s 9 any quantity :i* y desire at f #ae to #cj c5ts a p\nd1 accord+ to ! v>iety1 & make a mixture ( equal p>ts ( ea* grass1 :i* y c c>ry & scatt] z y propose4 ,"s ( !m w cat* some:]e1 p>ticul>ly 9 spots :]e ! %ade modifies ! summ] heat & :]e seepage moi/ure r$uces soil dr\ght4 ,y are "r ab\t timo?y2 x is good f>!r up ! coa/ & 9 ! m\nta9 valleys1 b n 9 y\r di/rict4 ,p\ltry ,=age4 ,i h light s&y loam on :i* ,i desire to gr[ =age = *ick5s4 ,x lies too high = irrigation4 ,y c\ld probably gr[ alfalfa to advantage if ! soil /ill deep & loose1 gett+ less1 ( c\rse1 ?an by irrigation1 b /ill an am\nt t w\ld be v helpful 9 y\r *ick5 bus9ess4 ,o!rwise1 z ! l& lies high] & p]haps out ( %>p fro/s1 y c\ld gr[ w9t] crops ( vet*es & peas & ?us improve ! l& :ile furni%+ y additional p\ltry pa/ure4 ,! latt] purpose c\ld also be s]v$ by gr[+ beets1 cabbage or o!r h>dy vegetables dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,?is is prescrib$ because ( ! appreh5sion t ! soil may n conta9 moi/ure en\gh = summ] cropp+ )\t irrigation4 ,no ,gra9 ,elevators 9 ,cali=nia4 ,is ,cali=nia :eat %ipp$ 9 bulk or 9 bags at ! pres5t "t8 ,!re are no elevators 9 ?is ,/ate1 ow+ to ! fact t hi!rto gra9 c>goes h be5 acceptable to %ip only z sack$ gra91 because ( claim$ dang] ( %ift+ c>go & disa/] dur+ ! long voyage ar\nd ! ,horn4 ,a novel by ,frank ,norris1 entitl$ ! ,octopus1 describes a man be+ kill$ by smo!r+ 9 a gra9 elevator at ,port ,co/a1 b !re nev] 0 an elevator at t po9t1 & consequ5tly !re nev] 0 a man kill$ by gett+ "u ! sp\t !re(4 ,answ]+ specifically y\r "q1 ,cali=nia gra9 is %ipp$ 9 bags & n 9 bulk4 ,x is h&l$ 9 sacks f ! sep>ator to roadside or riv]side /orage1 to ! load+ po9t into ! %ips & out ( ! %ips on ! o!r side - /ill 9 bags4 ,new ,zeal& ,flax4 ,give in=mation ab\t ,phormiun t5ax 7,new ,zeal& flax71 :i* ,i see is import$ to ,san ,francisco 9 l>ge quantities ye>ly = mak+ cordage & b9d] tw9e1 & is said also to be ! be/ ( bee pa/ure4 ,c ,i get ! plants on ! coa/1 & is ,cali=nia soil & climate adapt$ to ! culture8 ,new ,zeal& flax gr[s admirably 9 ! coa/ region ( ,cali=nia4 ,y w f9d x 9 ne>ly all ! public p>ks & 9 private g>d5s1 = x is a v ornam5tal p]5nial4 ,plants c be _h 9 any quantity f ! ,cali=nia nurs]ym5 & flori/s4 ,x produces pl5ty ( leaves1 b we %\ld d\bt :e!r x is florif]\s en\gh = bee pa/urage except :]e x occurs wild ov] a l>ge acreage4 ,y c\ld get va/ly m honey f o!r plants gr[n = t purpose4 ,no ,home-made ,beet ,sug>4 ,is !re any simple process ( mak+ sug> f beets s t ,i c\ld make my own sug> at home f my own beets :ile sug> is s v exp5sive to buy8 ,!re is no simple way ( mak+ beet sug>4 ,x c only be economically done 9 factories co/+ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s4 ,don't ,get ,crazy ,ab\t ,special ,crops4 ,i want in=mation ab\t flax z a crop4 ,i h be5 hav+ "s l& grad$ = alfalfa & ,i h _h to wait s long ,i am n[ d\bt+ ! advisability ( se$+ x all "u ^! conditions until fall1 z hot wea!r w soon come4 ,i want "s good crop to plant 9 ! *ecks & give two good irrigations4 ,:at w\ld y ?9k ab\t rye = /raw = horse coll>s8 ,i d n wi% to consid] corn1 z ! /alks w\ld be tr\blesome4 ,potatoes w\ld necessitate dis>rang+ ! l& too mu* & w\ld require m att5tion ?an ,i am 9 %ape to give j fl[4 ,ev]ybody gr[s :eat1 b>ley & oats4 ,i want some?+ t ,i c get a special m>ket =4 ,to succe$ ) flax1 ! se$ ought to be s[n 9 ! fall1 or e>ly w9t]1 9 ,cali=nia1 & ! plant w make satisfactory gr[? "u ab\t ! same conditions t suit b>ley or :eat4 ,spr+ s[+ w\ld n give y any?+ wor? :ile except on moi/ bottom l&4 ,rye is also a w9t]-gr[+ gra94 ,to gr[ rye /raw = horse coll>s w\ld be unpr(itable unless y c\ld f9d "s local saddl] :o c\ld use a little1 & x is probable y c\ld n get a summ] gr[? ( rye :i* w\ld give good /raw1 ev5 if y _h a m>ket = x4 ,y c\ld get a gr[? ( /ock beets1 field squa%es1 or pumpk9s = /ock fe$+4 ,9 fact1 ! latt] w\ld give y mo/ satisfaction if y h /ock to :i* !y c be f$ to advantage4 ,sorghum is our *ief dry-season crop1 b t makes /alks l corn & w\ld1 !re=e1 be op5 to ! same objections4 ,has x nev] occurr$ to y t p gr[ ! common crops1 n because !y are /upid1 b because ^? are ! ?+s = :i* !re is a con/ant dem& & ! be/ *ance = pr(itable sale8 ,ef=ts to supply special m>kets are wor? ?9k+ (1 b seldom wor? mak+ unless y "k j :o is go+ to buy ! product & at :at price4 ,cali=nia ,insect ,p[d]4 ,:at "p ( ! plant is us$ 9 mak+ insect p[d] & h[ is x prep>$8 ,is ! plant a p]5nial8 ,:at soil suits x be/8 ,! plant is ,pyre?rum c9]>iaefolium & has a :ite blossom resembl+ ! common m>gu]ite4 ,! p[d] is made ( ! petals & ! se$ capsules or heads are ?or\ghly dri$ 9 ! sun & gr\nd ) a run ( /one su* z 0 =m]ly us$ = mak+ fl\r4 ,! p[d] mu/ be f9ely gr\nd1 & only good p[d] c be made 9 a mill suitably equipp$ = t purpose4 ,! plant is a p]5nial1 beg9n+ to bloom ! second ye> f se$4 ,x w gr[ 9 any good soil ) ord9>y cultivation4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago x 0 ?\ght t a great ,cali=nia indu/ry might be e/abli%$ on t basis1 b !re is at ! pres5t "t b "o e/abli%m5t1 :i* gr[s ab\t all ! mat]ial x c use on its own ran* 9 ,m]c$ c\nty1 on a f9e1 deep loam :i* ! plant seems to enjoy4 ,rotations = ,cali=nia4 ,i wi% to "w out a practical sy/em ( crop rotation suitable to ! climate & conditions obta9+ 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,w\ld y recomm5d diff]5t sy/ems = gra9 l&s & irrigat$ l&s8 ,g5]al s*emes ( rotation are h>d to "w out 9 ,cali=nia4 ,!y mu/ be locally revis$ accord+ to ! local temp]ature conditions & ! local m>ket also4 ,we %\ld endeavor to f9d out :at has be5 successfully gr[n on simil> l&s to ^? :i* y h 9 m9d & arrange ! rotation on t basis1 f :at we knew ( ! relation ( ! diff]5t plants to soil f]tility1 etc4 ,y _c make out a satisfactory local s*eme = ! sev5 c\nties 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia1 because ( ! widely diff]5t behavior ( ! sep>ate plants 9 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! di/rict4 ,y c h>dly "w on ! basis ( soil "*3 moi/ure supply & temp]atures are m det]m9ative4 ,surely y %\ld make a s*eme = irrigat$ l& diff]5t f t = dry l&1 & x c\ld n only be a long] rotation1 b _m m plants w\ld be available = its s]vice4 ,b]seem8 ,b]seem has be5 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry f ,egypt1 & w\ld l to "k if x has be5 us$ 9 ,cali=nia1 & if x has came up to expectations4 ,b]seem is an annual clov] suppos$ to gr[ only dur+ ! summ] "t4 ,x has be5 tri$ widely 9 ,cali=nia1 b practically ab&on$ because x w n gr[ dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,x is 9 no way comp>able to alfalfa1 :i* is a deep root$ p]5nial plant1 nor w\ld x be comp>able ) burr clov] z a w9t] gr[] on l&s :i* h a mod]ate am\nt ( wat]4 ,heat+ & ,f]m5tation4 ,please expla9 :y dampness w cause any?+ l hay1 ,egyptian corn or o!r l products to heat4 ,heat+ is due to f]m5tation1 :i* means ! action ^u ! vegetable sub/ance ( g]ms :i* beg9 to gr[ & multiply aft] _! k9d :5ev] conditions favor !m4 ,! e>li] /ages ( ?is action is call$ sweat+1 & x is b5eficial z 9 ! case ( hay1 tobacco1 dri$ fruits1 etc41 z is commonly recogniz$ - result+ 9 :at is kn[n z cur+ - & x is ! art ( ! h&l] ( su* products n to all[ ! action to g beyond :at may be call$ ! normal sweat+4 ,if n *eck$ by prop] h&l+1 :i* involves dry+1 cool+1 etc41 f]m5tation w cont9ue1 & o!r g]ms w f9d conditions suitable = !m to take up _! "w ( de/ruction1 & ?is new action produces high] temp]ature /ill1 & if n *eck$ by cool+ or dry+ or o!rwise mak+ ! sub/ance inhospitable to !m1 heat+ w result1 & !nce onw>d rapidly to decay1 if !y h ev]y?+ _! own way4 ,moon%9e ,f>m+4 ,:at influ5ce1 if any1 has ! moon on plant gr[?8 ,are !re any reliable data ( exp]im5ts available8 ,v prolong$ inve/igation by ! ,wea!r ,bureau det]m9$ t no diff]5ce 0 f\nd 9 plant+ 9 diff]5t phases ( ! moon4 ,if we paid any att5tion to x1 we %\ld plant 9 ! d>k ( ! moon1 s z to get ! plants up s t !y c\ld use ! little m light :i* ! moon gives4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m important to h ! soil "r ?an ! moon4 ,"p ,,iv4 ,soils1 ,f]tiliz]s & ,irrigation ,:at is ,int5sive ,cultivation8 ,f :om c ,i receive in/ruction or in=mation reg>d+ int5sive cultivation8 ,int5sive cultivation has1 s f> z we "k1 n be5 made ! subject ( any treatise or publication4 ,int5sive cultivation means ! use ( a maximum am\nt ( labor1 f]tiliz]s & wat] = products ( high m>ket value4 ,!re is no bett] example ( int5sive cultivation 9 ! _w ?an is af=d$ by ! practice ( ! be/ m>ket g>d5]s & produc]s ( small fruit4 ,next to !m1 on l>g] areas1 w\ld be ! policies & me?ods ( ! fruit gr[]s ( ,cali=nia4 ,int5sive culture1 !n1 is n a p>ticul> me?od or sy/em1 b consi/s 9 do+ ! be/ ?+ = maximum production ( any product :i* is valuable en\gh to sp5d ! l>ge outlay :i* is requir$4 ,j h[ ?is cultivation %\ld be done dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! product & ! conditions ( soil & climate 9 :atev] locality int5sive cultivation may be und]tak54 ,c a ,man ,f>m8 ,is x possible = a man ) a few acres well c>$ = & c>efully till$ to make a liv+ & pay out on a pur*ase ( l& at #abc p] acre8 ,c\ld a good c>p5t] make wages & take c>e ( a small tract = a ye> or s until well "u way8 ,we consid] #abe p] acre = good l& ) a good wat] "r a fair price4 ,f9anc+ a f>m+ op]ation dep5ds m ^u ! man ?an ^u ! good l&4 ,!re are m5 :o w\ld1 by int5sive cultivation ( salable /uff & "r use ( wat]1 pay (f ! full value ( ! l& f its produce 9 a c\ple ( ye>s4 ,o!rs w nev] pay (f4 ,( c\rse1 ! ne>] y c come to pay+ = ! l& at ! beg9n+1 & ! m money y h = improvem5ts1 ! m satisfactory y\r situation %\ld be 9 e respect4 ,!re is a good *ance = c>p5t] "w 9 colony developm5t1 & consid]able self-help c\ld be secur$ 9 t way4 ,y d n say :e!r y "k any?+ ab\t f>m+4 ,f>m+ is a v complicat$ bus9ess & a basic k d]iv$ f exp]i5ce is a prop] f\ndation to build ^u 9 ! light ( ! full] application ( sci5tific pr9ciples4 ,soil ,dep? = ,citrus ,trees4 ,i h a top soil ( ri* loam conta9+ small rocks & pebbles4 ,und]nea? x is wa%$ gravel1 rocks1 b\ld]s1 yell[ s&1 etc4 ,:at is ! limit z to ?9ness be=e trees w n gr[1 or ?rive8 ,orange trees are gr[+ q successfully on %all[ soil ov]ly+ clay :]e ! use ( wat] & f]tiliz]s 0 c>efully adju/$ s z to keep ! trees suppli$ ) j ! "r am\nt4 ,"u su* conditions a good gr[? may be expect$ s long z ?is treatm5t is ma9ta9$4 ,!re %\ld be1 h[ev]1 n less ?an ?ree feet ( good soil to make ! l>ge exp5diture necess>y to e/abli% an orange or*>d p]man5tly productive1 & all ! dep? y c get beyond ?ree feet is desirable4 ,we "q ! desirability ( plant+ orange trees ev5 on a good soil ov]ly+ gravel1 rocks or s&4 ,roots w p5etrate su* mat]ial only a %ort di/ance usually4 ,x is almo/ impossible ) su* a lea*y f\ndation to keep ! surface soil prop]ly moi/5$ & enri*$2 ,y are apt to lose bo? wat] & f]tiliz] into ! too rapid dra9age4 ,soils & ,oranges4 ,i f9d ?is entire di/rict und]laid ) h>dpan at v>i\s dep?s1 f #a to #f feet d[n1 & ( v>i\s ?icknesses4 ,?is h>dpan is m or less por\s & seeps up wat] to "s ext5t1 b is too h>d = roots to p5etrate4 ,x is repres5t$ to me t if ?is h>d pan is d[n f #d to #e feet x does n int]f]e ) ! gr[? ( ! orange tree or its produc+4 ,is #d or #e feet ( ! loam en\gh8 ,f\r or five feet ( good soil ov] a h>dpan1 :i* 0 some:at por\s1 is likely to be satisfactory = orange plant+4 ,!re has be5 tr\ble f h>dpan too ne> ! surface & f ! occurr5ce ( a h>dpan too ri* 9 lime1 :i* has result$ 9 yell[ leaf & o!r manife/ations ( un?rift 9 ! tree4 ,discussion ( ?is subject is giv5 on page #dcd ( ! fif? edition ( our book on ,cali=nia ,fruits1 :]e we especially comm5d a good dep? ( /rong1 free loam4 ,?is does n mean necess>ily deep4 ,! orange likes r a heavi] soil1 :ile a deep s&y loam is pref]r$ by "s o!r fruits4 ,if y keep ! moi/ure supply regul> & "r & fe$ ! plant ) f]tiliz]s1 z may be requir$1 ! soil y m5tion is ( suffici5t dep? - if x is o!rwise satisfactory4 ,oranges ,ov] ,high ,gr\nd ,wat]4 ,does ,cali=nia exp]i5ce %[ t citrus trees c be gr[n ^u l& successfully :]e ! wat]-level is #f feet f ! surface2 t is1 :]e wat] is f\nd at t level at all seasons & does n appe> to rise high] dur+ ! ra9y season8 ,we d n "k ( citrus trees 9 ,cali=nia ) gr\nd-wat] p]man5tly at six feet bel[ ! surface4 ,if ! soil %\ld be a free loam & ! capill>ity !re=e some:at r$uc$1 orange trees w\ld probably be p]man5tly productive4 ,if ! soil 7 v heavy1 capill>y rise might be too en]getic & saturate ! soil = "s di/ance above ! wat]-level4 ,9 a free soil )\t ?is dang] ! roots c\ld approa* ! wat] z !y f9d x desirable & be p]man5tly suppli$4 ,orange trees are l>gely dep5d5t ^u a %all[ root sy/em1 ! *ief roots g5]ally occupy+ ! fir/ f\r feet bel[ ! surface4 ,f ?is fact we conclude t deep root+ is n necess>y to ! orange1 al?\gh unque/ionably deep root+ & deep p5etration = wat] are desirable z all[+ ! tree to draw ^u a mu* great] soil mass & !re=e be less dep5d5t ^u frequ5t irrigations & f]tilizations4 ,dep? ( ,gr\nd-,wat]4 ,is !re probable h>m f wat] /&+ #ab feet f ! surface 9 an or*>d8 ,also probable age ( trees be=e any effect ( said wat] w\ld be felt by !m8 ,! soil is almo/ entirely *ocolate dry bog4 - ,w4 ,e4 ,wahtoke4 ,wat] at twelve feet f ! surface is desirable1 & wat] at t po9t w be indef9itely desirable = ! gr[+ ( fruit trees4 ,( c\rse1 conditions w\ld *ange rapidly z /&+ wat] might approa* m ne>ly to ! surface1 a condition :i* has to be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/ 9 irrigation4 ,b x c come ne>] ?an twelve feet )\t dang]4 ,summ] ,fall[ & ,summ] ,cropp+4 ,i own "s hill l& :i* has be5 run d[n by cont9u\s hay cropp+4 ,i am told t a portion mu/ be summ]-fall[$ ea* ye>1 b ,i wi% to gr[ "s summ] crop on ?is fall[ gr\nd t w bo? enri* ! soil & at ! same "t furni% good milk-produc+ fe$ = c[s - ?or\ghly cultivat+ x betwe5 ! r[s4 ,:at crop w\ld be be/8 ,i am told ! common ,kaffir or ,egyptian corn are bo? soil enri*+ & milk produc+4 ,if y gr[ a summ] crop on ! summ]-fall[$ upl&1 y lose ! *ief advantage ( summ] fall[+1 :i* is ! /or+ ( moi/ure = ! foll[+ ye>'s crop4 ,a cultivat$ crop w\ld wa/e less moi/ure ?an a broadca/ crop1 surely1 b on upl&s )\t irrigation x w\ld take out all ! moi/ure available & n act 9 ! l9e ( a summ] fall[4 ,kaffir corn is n soil enri*+4 ,x has no su* "*4 ,x probably depletes ! soil j z mu* z an ord9>y corn or hay crop4 ,x is a good food to cont9ue a milk+ p]iod into ! dry season1 b y mu/ be c>eful n to all[ y\r cattle to get too mu* gre5 sorghum1 = x sometimes produces fatal results4 ,we d n "k any?+ :i* y c gr[ dur+ ! summ] )\t irrigation :i* w\ld contribute to ! f]tility ( y\r l&4 ,if y _h wat] & c\ld gr[ clov] or "s legume dur+ ! summ] season1 ! desir$ effect on ! soil w\ld be secur$4 ,soils & ,crop ,*anges4 ,peas & sweet peas d n gr[ well cont9u\sly 9 ! same gr\nd4 ,i "k ?is practically 9 my exp]i5ce1 b 9 no book h ,i ev] f\nd :y !y d n gr[4 ,!re are two v good reasons :y "s classes ( plants _c be well gr[n cont9u\sly 9 ! same piece ( gr\nd4 ,"o is ! depletion ( available plant food1 ! o!r ! =mation ( injuri\s comp\nds by ! plants1 or ! gradual increase ( fungoid1 bact]ial or animate pe/s 9 ! soil1 :i* f9ally become abundant en\gh to s]i\sly h9d] gr[?4 ,diff]5t plants take ! plant foods1 z nitrog51 lime1 pota%1 phosphates1 etc41 9 diff]5t proportion4 ,m important1 p]haps1 is ! fact t ! root acids t extract ^! foods are ( diff]5t types & /r5g?4 ,?us be=e _m seasons x may happ5 t mo/ ( ! plant food ( "o or m k9ds may be ne>ly exhau/$ z f> z t k9d ( plant is conc]n$ t has gr[n !re cont9ually1 :ile !re w\ld be pl5ty ( easily available food = plants ) a diff]5t k9d ( root sy/em & diff]5t root acids1 etc4 ,?is is "o reason :y rotation ( crops is s good2 x gives a comb9ation ( root acids & root sy/ems to ! soil dur+ a t]m ( ye>s1 & x also frees ! soil f "o c]ta9 k9d ( organism because x _c survive ! abs5ce ( ! p>ticul> plants on :i* x ?rives4 ,summ]-,fall[ ,be=e ,fruit ,plant+4 ,i rec5tly b\ght a ran* at ,%]idan1 ,plac] c\nty1 & 0 int5d+ to put #aj acres to pea*es & #ej acres to :eat or b>ley1 b ! resid5ts tell me t ! l& mu/ be summ]-fall[$ be=e ,i c d any?+4 ,! soil is a r$ loam & has n be5 pl[$ = six ye>s4 ,y\r local advis]s are probably "r z to ! necessity = summ]-fall[+ 9 ord] to cons]ve moi/ure f a previ\s ye>'s ra9fall & to get ! l& o!rwise into good condition4 ,!re might be su* a g5]\s ra9fall t an excell5t crop might come )\t summ]-fall[+1 & ! results w dep5d ^u ! ra9fall4 ,if x %\ld be small 9 am\nt1 y might n recov] y\r se$4 ,by ! same sign y might n get mu* gr[? on y\r fruit trees1 b y c\ld help !m by con/ant cultivation & by us+ ! wat]-wagon if ! season %\ld be v dry4 ,!re=e1 y are likely to d bett] ) trees ?an ) gra9 )\t summ]-fall[+1 al?\gh ev5 = trees x is a decid$ advantage to h m moi/ure /or$ 9 ! subsoil & ! surface soil pulv]iz$ by m tillage4 ,defects 9 ,soil ,moi/ure4 ,i h apricot trees t appe> to be almo/ dead2 all b a v few small gre5 leaves are gone1 & !y look bad1 /ill ,i ?9k !y might be sav$ if ,i only knew :at to d4 ,presumably y\r apricot tree is suff]+ f too mu* /&+ wat] dur+ ! dormant season1 or f a lack ( wat] dur+ ! dry season4 ,! rem$y w\ld be to correct moi/ure conditions1 ei!r by und]dra9age = w9t] excess or by irrigation = summ] defici5cy4 ,:5 a tree gets into a position su* z y describe1 x %\ld be cut back freely & irrigation suppli$1 if ! soil is dry1 9 ! h\se t ! roots may be able to re/ore !mselves & promote a new gr[? 9 ! top4 ,dry ,pl[+ = ,soil & ,we$ ,gr[?4 ,is !re any sci5tific reason to support ! belief t x is injuri\s to ! soil to dry-pl[ x = se$+ to gra9 ?is fall & w9t]8 ,w dry-pl[+ n[ cause a worse gr[? ( fil? aft] ! ra9s ?an ! cu/om>y fall[+ 9 ! spr+8 ,%\ld ! /ubble be burn$1 or pl[$ "u6 ,! po9ts aga9/ dry-pl[+ to :i* y allude may arise f two claims or beliefs3 fir/1 t turn+ up l& to ! sun has a t5d5cy to burn out ! humus2 second1 t dry-pl[+ may leave ! l& s r\gh & cloddy t a small ra9fall is curr5tly lo/ by evaporation & leaves less moi/ure available = a crop ?an if x is pl[$ 9 ! usual way aft] ! ra9s4 ,! fir/ claim is probably l>gely fanciful1 s f> z an upturn+ 9 ! r$uc$ sun%9e ( ! autumn goes4 ,:atev] !re may be 9 x w\ld occur 9 va/ly increas$ degree 9 a prop]ly work$ summ]-fall[1 & ev5 t is negligible1 because ( ! great] advantage :i* ! summ]-fall[ yields4 ,!re may be cases 9 :i* "o w get less gr[? on dry-pl[+ ?an on w9t] pl[+1 if ! l& is r\gh & ! ra9 scant1 & yet dry-pl[+ be=e ! ra9s is a f\ndation = moi/ure reception & ret5tion - if ! l& is n only pl[$1 b is also h>r[$ or o!rwise work$ d[n out ( its l>ge cloddy condition4 ,:5 t is done1 dry-pl[+ may be a great help t[>d e>ly s[+ & l>ge gr[? aft]w>d4 ,z = we$s1 dry-pl[+ may help _! />t+1 b t is an advantage & n o!rwise1 because !y c be de/roy$ by cultivation be=e s[+4 ,if ! l& is full ( we$ se$1 ! be/ ?+ to d is to />t x & kill x4 ,! tr\ble ) dry-pl[+ probably arises1 n f ! pl[+1 b f lack ( "w en\gh betwe5 ! pl[+ & ! s[+4 ,/ubble %\ld (t5 be burn$3 x dep5ds ^u ! soil & ! ra9fall4 ,on a heavy soil ) a good ra9fall1 pl[+-9 /ubble is an addition to ! humus ( ! soil1 because conditions favor its r$uction to t =m1 & !re is moi/ure en\gh to accompli% t & promote also a satisfactory gr[? ( ! new crop4 ,treatm5t ( ,dry-,pl[$ ,l&4 ,we are pl[+ a piece ( light s&y mesa l&1 dry1 :i* has consid]able t>we$ & o!r we$s gr[+ be=e pl[+4 ,:i* w\ld be be/1 to leave ! l& z x is until ! ra9s come & !n h>r[1 or h>r[ n[8 ,w\ld ! l& left )\t h>r[+ ga!r any elem5ts f ! air be=e ra9 comes6 ,! above l& is = oat hay & beans next season4 ,roll d[n ! 't>-we$1 if x is tall & likely to be tr\blesome1 & pl[ 9 at once s t decay may beg9 z soon z ! l& gets moi/ure f ! ra94 ,x w\ld be well to all[ ! l& to lie 9 t %ape1 & disc 9 ! se$ )\t di/urb+ ! we$s :i* h be5 pl[$ "u4 ,if all ?is is done e>ly1 ) pl5ty ( ra9 com+ !re is likely to be wat] en\gh to settle ! soil1 decay ! we$s1 & gr[ ! hay crop4 ,( c\rse1 su* practice c\ld n be comm5c$ mu* lat] 9 ! season4 ,! l& ga9s practically no?+ f ! atmosph]e by ly+ 9 its pres5t condition4 ,if !re is any appreciable ga91 x w\ld be l>g] aft] break+ up z propos$4 ,9 dry f>m+1 h>r[+ or disk+ %\ld be done imm$iately aft] pl[+1 n to produce a f9e surface z = a se$ b$1 b to settle ! soil en\gh to prev5t too free movem5t ( dry air4 ,if y\r ra9fall is ample1 ! l& may be left loos] = wat]-settl+4 ,= a ,refractory ,soil4 ,:at c ,i d to soil t dries out & cru/s ov] s h>d t x won't p]mit vegetable gr[?8 ,a lib]al am\nt ( /able manure has be5 appli$1 & ! l& deeply pl[$1 h>r[$ & cultivat$1 b z soon z wat] gets on x1 x =ms a deep cru/ on evaporation4 ,w guano help1 or is sodium nitrate or pota% ! ?+8 ,none ( ! ?+s y m5tion are ( any p>ticul> use = ! specific purpose y describe4 ,keep on work+ 9 /able manure or rott5 /raw1 or any o!r co>se vegetable matt]1 :5 ! soil is moi/ en\gh = its decay4 ,pl[ "u all ! we$s y c gr[1 or gre5 b>ley or rye1 & lat] gr[ a crop ( peas or vet*es to pl[ 9 gre54 ,keep at ?is till ! pesky /uff gets mell[4 ,if y ?9k ! soil is alkal9e1 use gypsum freely2 if n1 dose x ) lime to ! limit ( y\r purse & pati5ce1 & put 9 all ! tillage y c :5ev] ! soil breaks well4 ,m ,manure1 ,wat] & ,cultivation ,requir$4 ,i h a small place on a hillside1 ) br[n soil ab\t "o to two feet deep to h>dpan & ,i am gett+ r disc\rag$1 z s _m ?+s fail to come up & o!rs gr[ s v sl[ly aft] !y are up4 ,a neighbor plant$ "s dahlia roots ! same "t ,i did4 ,only "o ( m9e came up & x is n 9 bloom yet1 :ile sev]al ( 8 h be5 bloom+ = "s weeks & are t5 times z l>ge 9 mass ( foliage z m9e ) its lone /alk & "o little bud on ! top4 ,peas came up & kept dy+ at ! bottom ) blossoms at ! top tilt !y 7 f\r or five feet high1 b ,i nev] c\ld get en\gh peas = a mess4 ,c y help me get ?is ?+ "r8 ,use ( /able manure & wat] freely4 ,y\r tr\ble probably lies ei!r 9 ! lack ( plant food or ( moi/ure 9 ! soil4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is suppos+ t y cultivate well s t ! moi/ure y use %all n be evaporat$ & ! gr\nd h>d5$ by ! process4 ,dur+ ! summ] a good surface application ( /able manure to :i* wat] c be appli$ w\ld be bett] ?an to "w manure into ! soil1 :i* %\ld be done at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season4 ,z y\r soil is s %all[ x w be well = y to /& along ! side ( ! plant mu* ( ! "t ) a bucket ( wat] 9 "o h& & a %ovel ( manure 9 ! o!r4 ,plant+ ,trees 9 ,alkali ,soil4 ,my l& conta9s a consid]able quantity ( bo? ! black & :ite alkalies1 ! upp] two feet be+ a r heavy1 /icky clay1 ! next ?ree feet bel[ be+ f9e s&1 conta9+ m or less alkali1 :ile imm$iately und]nea? ?is s& is a d5se black muck 9 :i*1 summ] & w9t]1 is f\nd ! gr\nd-wat]4 ,d y ?9k ! foll[+ me?od ( sett+ trees w\ld be advantage\s4 ,excavate = ea* tree a hole ?ree feet 9 diamet] & ?ree feet deep4 ,fill 9 a lay] ( ?ree or f\r in*es ( co>se hay1 =m+ a l9+ = ! excavation4 ,!n fill ! hole ) s&y loam 9 :i* ! tree is to be set4 ,! s&y loam w\ld give ! "y tree a good />t1 :ile ! l9+ ( hay w\ld break up ! capill>y attraction betwe5 ! fill$-9 s& & ! gr\nd-wat] 9 ! surr\nd+ alkali-*>g$ soil4 ,! fre% soil :i* y put 9 w\ld be=e long be impregnat$ ?r\gh ! surface evaporation ( ! ris+ moi/ure1 :i* y\r /raw l9+ w\ld n long exclude4 ,! trees w\ld n be p]man5tly satisfactory "u su* conditions z y describe1 ?\gh !y might gr[ well at fir/4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+1 ( c\rse1 to make a small-scale exp]im5t to demon/rate :at w\ld actually occur & x w\ld1 p]haps1 give y a *ance to sell out to a t5d]foot4 ,plant+ 9 ,mud4 ,:y does gr\nd lose its vitality or its gr[+ qualities :5 x is pl[$ or /irr$ :5 wet1 & does ?is act 9 all k9ds ( soil 9 ! same way8 ,we are plant+ a fig & olive or*>d at ! pres5t "t1 b "s 7 plant$ :5 ! gr\nd 0 extremely wet4 ,! holes 7 dug be=e ! ra9 & aft] a heavy ra9 !y />t$ to plant4 ,aft] plac+ ! trees 9 ! holes !y fill$ !m half full ) wet dirt1 9 fact s wet t x 0 actually slu%4 ,:at w\ld y advise "u ! circum/ances & :at c be done to c\nt]act ?is8 ,we h n f9i%$ fill+ 9 ! holes s9ce ! plant+ 0 done1 :i* 0 ab\t a week ago4 ,! soil loses its vitality aft] work+ :5 too wet1 because x is ?r[n into bad me*anical 7or physical7 condition & !re=e becomes difficult ( root ext5sion & ( movem5t ( moi/ure & air4 ,h[ easily soil may be ?r[n into bad me*anical condition dep5ds ^u its "*4 ,a light s&y loam c\ld be pl[$ & trees plant$ z y describe )\t s]i\s injury p]haps1 :ile su* a treatm5t ( a clay w\ld br+ a plant into ! mid/ ( a soil brick :i* w\ld cause x to sp9dle & p]haps to fail outright4 ,! be/ treatm5t w\ld consi/ 9 keep+ ! soil ar\nd ! roots cont9ually moi/1 yet n too wet4 ,! upp] "p ( ! holes %\ld be fill$ loosely & ! gr\nd kept f surface compact+4 ,! ma9t5ance ( su* a condition dur+ ! com+ summ] w probably all[ ! trees to ov]come ! mi/ake made at _! plant+1 unless ! soil %\ld be a t\gh adobe or o!r soil :i* has a disposition to act l cem5t4 ,electro-,agriculture4 ,k9dly tell me ( any "o :o is work+ ^u ! application ( electricity to /imulat+ agricultural gr[?-especially "h on ! ,coa/4 ,a fri5d :o has done "s "w 9 ?is l9e seeks to int]e/ me4 ,i h se5 notices ( ?is "w1 & h read ( ,pr(essor ,arrh5ius /imulat+ ! m5tal activity ( *ildr51 etc41 b ,i desire m def9ite in=mation1 if possible4 ,does ! idea seem to y to be feasible8 ,s f> z we "k1 !re has be5 no local trial ( ! effect ( electric light 9 /imulat+ plant gr[?4 ,mu* has be5 done ) x 9 ,europe & 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!re is mu* ab\t x 9 ,european sci5tific lit]ature4 ,x is p]fectly rational t increas$ gr[? %\ld be atta9$ by cont9u\s light 9 ! same way1 ?\gh 9 less degree ?an occurs 9 ! extreme nor? dur+ ! p]iod ( ! midnight sun4 ,x is kn[n t moonlight1 to ! ext5t ( its illum9ation1 increases plant gr[?1 & x has be5 amply demon/rat$ t light is light1 j z heat is heat1 irrespective ( ! s\rce !re(4 ,( c\rse1 ! comm]cial advantage mu/ be s\ght 9 ! relative am\nt ( increas$ gr[? & ! sell+ value ( :atev] is ga9$ 9 po9t ( "t4 ,high ,h>dpan & ,l[ ,wat]4 ,:at detrim5t is h>dpan if #ad in*es bel[ ! surface & 9 "s places #ab in*es8 ,i h be5 pl[+ s ,i c\ld set pea* trees1 b ,i h be5 told t !y w n gr[4 ,i w\ld l y\r op9ion ab\t x4 ,i int5d$ to bla/ holes = ! trees1 & ! wat] is #cj feet f surface4 ,! top soil is r$ s&y & clay mix$1 b x works v easily4 ,y _c expect mu* f trees on su* a %all[ soil ov] h>dpan )\t break+ x up1 because ! soil mass available to ! trees is small2 also because ! %all[ surface lay] ov] h>dpan w soon dry out 9 spite ( ! be/ cultivation1 because !re is no moi/ure supply f bel[4 ,if su* a soil %\ld be select$ = fruit trees at all1 ! break+ ?r\gh ! h>dpan by dynamite or o!rwise is desirable1 & irrigation w be1 probably1 indisp5sable4 ,dep? ( ,cultivation4 ,i w\ld be glad to "k :e!r 9 cultivat+ an or*>d a light-draft h>r[ c\ld pr(itably be us$1 :i* cultivates ?ree & a half in*es deep8 ,i h us$ ano!r cultivator1 & try to h x g at lea/ sev5 in*es4 ,a dep? ( #c #a-b in*es is n satisfactory 9 or*>d cultivation1 al?\gh !re may be "s condition "u :i* great] dep? w\ld be difficult to obta9 because ( root injury to trees1 :i* h be5 enc\rag$ to root ne> ! surface4 ,bo? exp]i5ce & actual det]m9ations ( moi/ure 9 ?is ,/ate %[ t cultivation to a dep? ( #e in*es cons]ves twice z mu* moi/ure 9 ! l[] soil z c be sav$ by a #c-;in* dep? ( cultivation "u simil> soil conditions & wat] supply4 ,x is all ! bett] to g #g in*es if "y trees h be5 treat$ t way f ! beg9n+4 ,alfalfa ,ov] ,h>dpan4 ,i h l& grad$ = alfalfa & "s ( ! *ecks are l[ & wat] w /& on ! l[ *ecks 9 ! w9t]4 ,!re is on an av]age f two to ?ree feet ( soil on top ( h>dpan & h>dpan is ab\t two feet ?ick4 ,w wat] dra9 (f ! l[ *ecks if ! h>dpan is dynamit$1 & w ?is l& gr[ alfalfa ) pr(it8 ,yes2 mu* ( ! h>dpan 9 y\r di/rict is ?9 en\gh & und]laid by p]meable /rata s t dra9age is readily secur$ by break+ up ! h>dpan4 ,/&+ wat] on dormant alfalfa is n injuri\s4 ,trees ,ov] ,high-,wat]4 ,:i* are ! be/ fruit trees to plant on black adobe soil ) wat] table betwe5 #c & #d feet f surface8 ,! soil is v ri* & productive4 ,! l& is level$ = alfalfa also2 w ! alfalfa di/urb ! gr[? ( trees8 ,we w\ld n plant su* l& to fruit at all1 except a family or*>d4 ,! fruits mo/ likely to succe$ are pe>s & pecans4 ,on su* l& alfalfa %\ld n hurt trees unless x is all[$ to actually /rangle !m4 ,! alfalfa may help ! trees by pump+ out "s ( ! surplus wat]4 ,soil ,suitable = ,fruits4 ,i am s5d+ samples ( soil 9 :i* !re are apricots & prunes gr[+1 & ask y to exam9e x ) ref]5ce to its suitability = o!r fruits4 ,w lemons ?rive 9 ?is soil8 ,x is n necess>y to h analysis ( ! soil4 ,if y f9d by exp]i5ce t apricot & prune trees are do+ well1 x is a demon/ration ( its suitability = ! orange1 s f> z soil is conc]n$4 ,! same w\ld also be a demon/ration = soil suitability = ! lemon because ! lemon is always gr[n on orange root4 ,! ?+ to be det]m9$ is :e!r ! temp]ature conditions suit ! lemon & :e!r y h an irrigation supply available1 because citrus fruits1 be+ ev]gre51 require ab\t fifty p] c5t m moi/ure ?an decidu\s fruits1 & !y are n gr[n successfully any:]e 9 ?is ,/ate )\t irrigation1 except1 possibly1 on l& ) und]fl[4 ,! matt] to det]m9e !n is ! surety ( suitable temp]atures & wat] supply4 ,= ,bl[+ ,soils4 ,i am go+ to dry-s[ rye late ?is fall4 ,i want "s legum9\s plant to se$ ) ! rye = a w9d-break crop1 n to pl[ "u4 ,! l& v>ies f heavy loam to bl[-s&4 ,i h "u consid]ation sweet clov]1 burr clov]1 vet*es4 ,i see occasional /ray plants ( sweet clov] 7! :ite-blossom$7 gr[+ 9 ! alfalfa on bo? h>d & s&y soil4 ,i read 9 an ,ea/]n bee j\rnal t sweet clov] c be s[$ on h>d uncultivat$ l& ) success4 ,c\ld ,i gr[ x on ! h>d vacant spots t occur 9 ! alfalfa fields8 ,y c s[ ^! legum9\s plants all along dur+ ! e>li] "p ( ! ra9y season 7,septemb] to ,decemb]7 except t !y w n make a good />t 9 cold gr\nd :i* does n seem to bo!r rye mu*4 ,b on s& y are n likely to get cold1 wat]logg$ soil1 s y c put 9 !re :5ev] y l - ! e>li] ! bett]1 h[ev]1 if y h moi/ure en\gh 9 ! soil to su/a9 ! gr[? z well z />t x4 ,we %\ld s[ rye & common vet*4 ,sweet clov] w gr[ any:]e1 f a riv] s&b> to an uncov]$ upl& h>dpan1 b x w n d mu* if y\r vacant spots are caus$ by alkali4 ,m ,?an ,dynamite ,ne$$4 ,i h "s peculi> l&4 ,p "h call x cem5t4 ,x does n take irrigation wat] readily1 & wat] w pass ov] x = a long "t & n wet d[n m ?an an in* or s4 ,:5 really wet x c be dipp$ up ) a spoon4 ,h>dpan is d[n ab\t #bd to #cf in*es4 ,i h tri$ bl[+ up betwe5 ! v9es ) dynamite1 & see little diff]5ce4 ,c y sugge/ any?+ to loos5 up ! soil8 ,y c\ld n reasonably expect dynamite to trans=m ! "* ( ! surface soil except z its rebelli\sness might 9 "s cases be :olly due to lack ( dra9age - 9 t case bla/+ ! h>dpan might "w wond]s4 ,b y h ano!r problem1 viz3 to *ange ! physical condition ( ! surface soil to prev5t ! p>ticles f runn+ toge!r & cem5t+4 ,?is is to be accompli%$ by ! introduction ( co>se p>ticles1 pref]ably ( a fibr\s "*4 ,to d ?is ! free use ( rott5 /raw or /able manure1 deeply work$ into ! soil1 & ! gr[? ( gre5 crops = pl[+ "u1 is a practical sugge/ion4 ,su* treatm5t w\ld r5d] y\r soil mell[1 &1 9 connection ) bla/+ ( ! h>dpan to prev5t accumulation ( surplus wat] ov] x1 w\ld accompli% ! trans=mation :i* y desire4 ,! co/ & pr(it ( su* a c\rse y c figure out = y\rself4 ,is ,dynamite ,ne$$8 ,i h an old prune or*>d on riv] bottom l&s2 soil ab\t #ae or #af feet deep4 ,q a numb] ( trees h di$1 ,i presume f old age4 ,i desire to remove !m & to replace !m ) prune trees4 ,i h be5 advis$ to use dynamite 9 prep>+ ! soil = ! plant+ ( ! new trees4 ,:e!r y ne$ dynamite or n dep5ds ^u ! condition ( ! sub-soil4 ,if y are on riv] flats ) an alluvial soil1 r loose to a consid]able dep?1 dynamit+ is n necess>y4 ,if1 by digg+1 y enc\nt] h>dpan1 or clay1 dynamit+ may be v pr(itable4 ,?is matt] mu/ be look$ into1 because ! failure ( trees on riv] l&s is m (t5 due to _! plant+ ov] gravel /reaks1 :i* too rapidly draw (f wat] & cause ! tree to fail = lack ( moi/ure4 ,9 su* cases dynamite w\ld only aggravate ! tr\ble4 ,dynamit+ %\ld be done 9 ! fall & n 9 ! spr+4 ,! l& %\ld h a *ance to settle & readju/ itself by ! action ( ! w9t] ra9s2 o!rwise1 y\r trees may dry out too mu* next summ]4 ,improv+ ,heavy ,soils4 ,:at is adobe8 ,:at k9d ( plants w gr[ be/ 9 adobe8 ,9 ?is ,r$wood ,city ,i f9d clay-l soil :i* looks v d>k & heavy4 ,:at k9d ( plants w gr[ be/ 9 ?is soil8 ,! t]m adobe does n mean any p>ticul> k9d ( soil4 ,x is appli$ locally to clay & clay-loam soils indiscrim9ately4 ,x g5]ally signifies ! heavie/1 /ickie/1 crack+e/ soil 9 ! vic9ity4 ,mo/ plants w gr[ well on heavy soils if !y are kept f gett+ too dry & too full ( wat]4 ,?is is done by us+ pl5ty ( /able manure & o!r co>se /uff to make ! soil m friable1 :i* favors a]ation1 dra9age1 root ext5sion & plant ?rift4 ,friability is also promot$ by ! use ( lime & by good tillage4 ,! p>ticul> soil to :i* y ref] is a black clay loam :i* c be improv$ 9 all ! ways /at$4 ,x is a good soil = mo/ fl[]s & vegetables if h&l$ z sugge/$4 ,y c get h9ts ( :at does be/ by /udy+ y\r neighbors' e>li] plant+s4 ,= a ,reclaim$ ,swamp4 ,i h l&1 =m]ly a pond :i* dri$ up 9 ! summ] mon?s4 ,x has be5 ?or\ghly dra9$ n[ = sev]al ye>s4 ,! l& surr\nd+ x is good f]tile soil & produces good crops4 ,on ?is piece1 h[ev]1 crops come up & look fairly well until ab\t two in*es high :5 !y turn yell[ & die4 ,mesquite grass & /rawb]ries seem to be ! only crops t w live1 & !y d n d at all well4 ,sorrel gr[s abundantly 9 ! natural /ate4 ,app>5tly ! reclaim$ l& :i* y speak ( ne$s lim+ to ov]come ! acidity 9 ! soil4 ,common build]s' lime appli$ at ! rate ( #ajjj p\nds to ! acre at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season ought to make ! l& mu* m productive & ! soil1 at ! same "t1 m friable4 ,deep pl[+ ) a]ation w also help ! l&1 & ?is treatm5t c beg9 at once if ! soil is workable4 ,o!r additions ( lime c be made lat] z !y may be requir$ to make ! improvem5t p]man5t4 ,improv+ ,uncov]$ ,subsoil4 ,:at is ! be/ treatm5t = spots t h be5 scrap$ 9 level+ = irrigation8 ,! l& c be improv$ by pl[+ deeply & turn+ 9 /able manure or gre5 alfalfa or any o!r vegetable matt] :i* may decay1 r5d]+ ! soil ri* 9 humus & m friable4 ,( c\rse1 x w take "s "t to accompli% ?is improvem5t1 & x is necess>y t !re be moi/ure en\gh pres5t to cause ! mat]ial to decay 9 ord] t ! improvem5t may be secur$4 ,s& = ,clay ,soils4 ,w bea* s& d adobe or clay soil any good8 ,x gets h>d at times & ,i ?\ght t if ,i 0 to put bea* s& 9 ! gr\nd ! salt 9 ! s& w\ld d ! gr\nd h>m4 ,x is c]ta9ly desirable to mix s& ) heavy soil = ! purpose ( mak+ x light] - t is1 bett] dra9$ & m friable & !re=e improv+ x = ! gr[? ( plants4 ,sometimes bea* s& conta9s a good deal ( salt1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is readily remov$ by fre% wat]1 & s& haul$ & expos$ to ! ra9s rapidly loses any excess ( salt x may conta94 ,probably ) su* an am\nt ( s& z y are likely to use to mix ) y\r adobe1 !re is no dang] at all f salt4 ,ev5 if su* s& %\ld conta9 consid]able salt1 if appli$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season x w\ld be s quickly di/ribut$ z to n con/itute a m5ace to ! gr[? ( plants4 ,! wor/ adobe c be trans=m$ into a mo/ beautiful g>d5 soil by ! application ( s& & /able manure4 ,pl[+ f or ,t[>ds4 ,:i* is ! prop] way to pl[ an or*>d8 ,fir/ to pl[ to ! trees & !n to pl[ f !m1 or to pl[ f ! trees & !n to !m1 & y\r reasons8 ,i h _h _m argum5ts ) my neighbor f>m]s4 ,!re is diff]5ce ( op9ion ev]y:]e z to :e!r ! fir/ pl[+ %\ld be t[>d or away f ! trees4 ,9 places :]e ! soil is pretty heavy & ! ra9fall is apt to be q l>ge1 pl[+ t[>d ! trees & op5+ a dead furr[ ne> ! c5t] seems to promote rapid di/ribution ( surplus wat]4 ,if ! ra9fall is less & arrangem5ts = deep p5etration are m necess>y1 ! pl[+ c well be away f ! trees1 s z to direct ! wat] t[>d ! r[4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 exce$+ly important 9 ?is case1 t ! l& %\ld be work$ back be=e x has a *ance to dry out by exposure & ?is is "o ( ! *ief objections to ! practice1 because "o is apt to let ! l& lie away f ! trees1 hop+ = a late ra9 :i* may n come4 ,:atev] !oretical advantages !re may be 9 ei!r ( ^! me?ods1 !y c only be secur$ by ! greate/ c>e to avoid ! dang]s :i* att5d !m4 ,?is unc]ta9ty is ! reason :y p s g5]ally disagree z to :i* is ! be/ practice1 & !y are "r 9 disagree+4 ,dry ,pl[+ & ,s[+4 ,i dry-pl[$ my gra9 field to a dep? av]ag+ sev5 in*es2 x turn$ up v r\gh4 ,i !n disk$ & h>r[$ x1 b x is /ill v r\gh4 ,i int5d$ to drill ! se$1 wait = suffici5t ra91 & h>r[ to a satisfactory condition1 b h be5 advis$ to put no implem5t on aft] ! drill1 z a h>r[ w\ld spoil ! "w done by ! drill1 & a slab or roll] w\ld cause ! gr\nd to bake4 ,if ,i wait = ra9 to "w ! soil be=e drill+1 x w br+ ! se$+ too late4 ,y h probably done a pretty good job ( dry "w4 ,if ! l& is /ill too r\gh = ! drill1 we %\ld broadca/ & h>r[ aga94 ,x is n desirable to h>r[ aft] ! drill1 & to roll or rub is likely to smoo? too mu*1 because ! l& w\ld bake or cru/ aft] ! heavy ra9s4 ,?is w\ld cause loss ( moi/ure & x is !re=e bett] to leave ! surface a little r\gh4 ,y c roll lightly aft] ! gra9 is up1 if ! surface seems to ne$ clos+ a little4 ,artesian ,wat]4 ,i h a l>ge tract ( adobe soil1 a black clay top soil4 ,= ab\t five mon?s 9 ! ye> !re is n suffici5t wat] on ! place4 ,i h sunk wells 9 diff]5t p>ts1 b ) v poor results1 ! fur!r we w5t d[n ! dri] & h>d] ! soil got4 ,:at little wat] we did obta9 0 unfit = dome/ic use4 ,c y give me an idea z to :at might be ! result ( an artesian well 9 su* soil8 ,artesian wat] has no?+ to d ) ! soils4 ,x is a deep] proposition ?an t4 ,artesian wat] comes f gravel /rata ov]laid ) imp]vi\s lay]s ( rock or clay 9 su* a way t wat] 9 ! gravel is "u pressure because ! gravel leads up & away to "s po9t :]e wat] is p\r$ into x by ra9 fall+ or sn[ melt+ on m\nta9 or high plateau4 ,z ! wat] _c get out ( ?is gravel until y pun* a hole 9 its lid1 its ef=t w be to %oot up to some?+ less ?an ! elevation at :i* x ga9$ entrance to ?is gravel - z soon z y\r puncture gives x a *ance4 ,geologi/s :o "k ! locality may be able to tell y t y h little or no *ance1 b no "o c tell y :e!r y h a good *ance or n until he has te/$ ! matt] by bor+4 ,! quality ( ! artesian wat] is det]m9$ by its di/ant s\rce & ! bad wat] y h f\nd is !re=e no indication ( ! quality ( :at may be bel[ x4 ,no "o %\ld ent] an artesian und]tak+1 except to tap a /ratum ( kn[n dep?1 )\t a long purse4 ,probably "o 9 a ?\s& ( ! bores made into ! cru/ ( ! e>? yields z _m gallons ( artesian wat] z gallons ( v>i\s liquids us$ 9 bor+ x - & yet "s ( !m are good wells to pump f because !y pi]ce o!r /rata c>ry+ wat]1 b n "u pressure caus+ x to rise4 ,treatm5t ( ,alkali4 ,i am advis$ t 9 "s cases alkali may be dra9$ & t 9 o!rs x is treat$ ) gypsum4 ,gypsum is n a cure = alkali1 b simply a means ( trans=m+ black alkali into :ite1 :i* is less corrosive & !re=e less de/ructive to plants1 b !re may be easily too mu* :ite alkali pres5t - s mu* t ! l& w\ld be made /]ile by x4 ,y _c remove alkali by flood+ unless two conditions c be assur$3 fir/1 t ! wat] itself is free f alkali be=e application to ! l&2 second1 t y und]dra9 ! l& at a dep? ( f ?ree to f\r feet ) tile1 s t ! fre% wat] on ! surface c fl[ ?r\gh ! soil into ! dra9s1 c>ry+ away f ! l& ! alkali1 :i* x dissolves 9 its c\rse4 ,to flood l& ev5 ) fre% wat] )\t mak+ arrangem5ts = c>ry+ (f ! alkali wat] bel[1 is to increase ! alkali on ! surface z ! wat] evaporates1 & su* treatm5t does l& injury r ?an b5efit4 ,we _c give y any e/imate z to ! co/ ( wa%+ out4 ,x dep5ds altoge!r ^u local conditions3 :e!r y use h& "w or ma*9]y = ! dit*+1 & :at y\r wat] w co/4 ,alkali1 ,gypsum & ,%ade ,trees4 ,k9dly advise h[ to apply gypsum1 & h[ mu*1 to heavy1 /icky soil1 ! wor/ sort ( adobe & heavily saturat$ ) alkali4 ,we want to plant %ade trees4 ,eucalyptus & pepp]s succe$ fairly well aft] once />t$4 ,gypsum seems to help1 b ,i don't "k h[ mu* to use4 ,! am\nt ( gypsum requir$ to neutralize black alkali dep5ds ^u h[ mu* black alkali !re is to be neutraliz$1 & no def9ite am\nt1 !re=e1 c be prescrib$ be=eh& z suffici5t )\t a det]m9ation ( ! am\nt ( alkali4 ,9 "s exp]im5ts gypsum to ! am\nt ( ?irty tons to ! acre or m has be5 us$ j = ! purpose ( see+ h[ mu* ! l& w\ld take1 & a f9e gr[? ( gra9 has be5 secur$ aft] us+ t mu* gypsum1 b t1 ( c\rse1 w\ld be out ( ! "q because ! outlay w\ld be m ?an ! l& or ! crop w\ld be wor?4 ,9 ! plant+ ( trees at "s di/ance ap>t1 ! tree c be protect$ f de/ruction & enabl$ to make a /& 9 ! soil by us+ gypsum on ! spot r ?an ! treatm5t ( ! :ole surface4 ,9 ?is way five or t5 p\nds ( gypsum c\ld be us$ by mix+ ) ! soil to fill a good-siz$ hole4 ,di/ribution ( ,alkali4 ,i am told by all ! ran*]s on ! ea/ & s\? sides ( ! valley t _! wells are excell5t4 ,b !y all say t on ! we/ side - !y are br++ up alkali4 ,"o also said t ! wat] level 0 ris+ ?r\gh\t all ! valley4 ,is x safe to dep5d on ?is 9 "p1 or w ! alkali spread ov] all ! valley & ! foo?ills8 ,x is n unusual to f9d p :o pr$ict ! rise ( alkali almo/ any:]e except on _! own premises4 ,no "o c exactly tell :]e alkali w g1 because no "o has complete k ( ! wat] movem5t 9 und]ly+ /rata4 ,:]ev] ! gr\nd wat] rises on l[] levels because ( irrigation on high] levels !re is dang] ( ! ris+ ( ! alkali1 = :i* ! only cure is und]dra9age ) tile s t ?is ris+ wat] is c>ri$ to an outfl[ & n all[$ to approa* )9 ?ree or f\r feet ( ! surface4 ,if y h su* an outfl[ & desire to und]take ! exp5se ( til+1 y c insure y\rself aga9/ a s]i\s rise ( alkali indef9itely4 ,we d n see1 h[ev]1 h[ alkali c rise to ! high] l&s ( ! valley4 ,its fir/ effect w\ld be to make lakes or ponds 9 ! l[e/ p>ts ( ! valley1 & ev5 !n ! surr\nd+ mesa l&s w\ld n be injur$4 ,plants ,w ,tell ,ab\t ,alkali4 ,please give in=mation z to ! application ( gypsum to my soil :i* is some:at alkal9e4 ,i d n c>e to h an analysis made ( my soil1 & believe t y c advise me )\t x4 ,if y\r soil is too alkal9e = ! gr[? ( plants y c demon/rate t fact by exp]im5t1 or if x is capable ( be+ us$ by ! application ( gypsum1 t also c be det]m9$ by exp]im5t & not+ ! behavior ( ! same plants aft]w>ds4 ,x is r a sl[ process b x is sure en\gh4 ,litmus & ,alkali4 ,is !re any simple soil te/ = alkali t c be made )\t a *emical analysis8 ,y c asc]ta9 ! pres5ce ( alkali by us+ r$ litmus pap]1 :i* w be turn$ blue by ! alkali 9 ! soil1 if ! soil is moi/ en\gh4 ,?is does n det]m9e ! am\nt ( alkali1 b ! quickness ( ! turn+ to ! blue color & ! dep? ( ! color are bo? atta9$ :5 ! alkali is v /rong4 ,:5 !re is less alkali1 ! reaction is sl[] & weak]4 ,?is te/1 h[ev]1 gives y only a r\gh idea :e!r ! soil is suitable = gr[+ plants4 ,y c tell t bett] by ! appe>ance ( ! plants :i* y f9d4 ,any druggi/ c furni% ! litmus pap]1 & give y a demon/ration ( h[ x acts on contact ) alkali4 ,us+ ,gypsum = ,alkali4 ,is x bett]1 to kill ! black alkali 9 ! soil ) gypsum1 j to scatt] x ov] an alkali$ spot or to pl[ ! soil fir/ & !n use ! gypsum8 ,i am go+ to s[ alfalfa4 ,use ! gypsum aft] pl[+1 = x w wet d[n m quickly1 & ! gypsum has to be dissolv$ to act freely4 ,! be/ way to cure y\r spot is to run an und]dra9 into x1 if possible1 s ! ra9-wat] c run ?r\gh ! soil freely & take ! alkali ) x4 ,bla/+ or ,til+4 ,9 plant+ trees :]e h>dpan is f\r feet f ! surface is x necess>y to bla/ ! h>dpan1 or is !re no b5efit d]iv$ by ! bla/+8 ,if !re %\ld be a good available soil "u a %all[ lay] ( h>dpan1 :i* y say is f\r feet f ! surface1 x might be ( consid]able advantage to bore into ! h>dpan & explode a dynamite c>tridge 9 x4 ,b if y\r good soil is really only f\r feet deep & h>dpan cont9u\s bel[1 ! bla/ might cause fissures :i* w\ld prev5t /&+ wat] 9 ! upp] /ratum4 ,if y are sure ( f\r feet ( good soil above ! h>dpan y w h no difficulty 9 gr[+ good trees1 if y get ! moi/ure j "r & ! h>dpan slopes 9 su* a way t surplus moi/ure w move away4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y h h>dpan at diff]5t dep?s on ! tract1 s t x may really make bas9s :i* w hold wat]1 y are likely to h tr\ble f accumulations ( wat] :i* w n only prev5t ! roots ext5d+ to ! full dep?s ( ! soil1 b w also cause "s trees to die4 ,su* a dang] c\ld be remov$ by dra9+ ! soil to a dep? ( ?ree & a half or f\r feet ) tile1 9 ord] to prev5t accumulations at any po9t4 ,?is w\ld be exp5sive p]haps1 b y w\ld be sure t y _h r5d]$ y\r f\r feet ( soil safe & available4 ,if y tru/ to bla/+ y w h to wait sev]al ye>s = ! trees to tell y :e!r y help$ !m or n4 ,effects ( ,bla/+4 ,i h l& :i* is und]laid ) h>dpan two or ?ree feet deep & ?is 9 turn is und]laid ) s& or s&pan4 ,:at ,i w\ld l to "k is :e!r bla/+ ! holes be=e sett+ trees w\ld all[ m moi/ure com+ f ?is s&pan1 or1 r1 :at effect x w\ld h z to moi/ure4 ,we d n "k4 ,x might make ! soil bett] = ! trees by all[+ escape = surplus wat] ?r\gh previ\s lay]s4 ,x might all[ ! tree to root m deeply = moi/ure 9 ^? /rata4 ,x might all[ wat] to rise f su* /rata if !y h wat] "u pressure4 ,x might d o!r ?+s good or bad1 accord+ to conditions prevail+ "u ! h>dpan4 ,if y are to irrigate ! l& ! effects w\ld probably be good4 ,! ,sub-soil ,pl[4 ,i am contemplat+ us+ a sub-soil pl[ = ! purpose ( break+ pl[-sole on gra9 l&4 ,?is is ab\t #d #a_/b in*es bel[ ! surface & is ab\t #e in*es ?ick4 ,?is soil is comp>atively loose & seems to be ( good quality4 ,d y ?9k t ! sub-soil pl[ run l[ en\gh to break ?is pl[-sole w b5efit ! l&8 ,!re c be no "q ab\t ! b5efit ( break+ up ?is tight /ratum1 provid$ y use a long-too? h>r[ or a subsoil pack] aft]w>d to r$uce ! l& s t x w n be too op5 to loss ( moi/ure by too free circulation ( air4 ,! be/ way to treat su* a soil w\ld be to use a tractor & pl[ to a full foot ( dep?1 = ?is1 foll[$ by good h>r[+1 w\ld dis9tegrate ! h>d /uff & comm+le x ) ! loose surface soil & make x some:at m ret5tive - do+ ?is :5 ! moi/ure is j "r = dis9tegration & mix+4 ,if y are n ready to g to ?is exp5se1 a subsoil]1 foll[+ ! pl[ ) ano!r team1 w\ld put y\r l& 9 bett] %ape = dry f>m+ or = irrigation ?an x is n[4 ,/>t+ late1 h[ev]1 might give y less crop ! fir/ ye> on su* deep work+ ?an by %all[ pl[+ if ! ye>'s ra9fall %\ld be scant4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be a good />t = summ]-fall[+ & a big crop ! next ye>4 ,s\r ,soil4 ,:at is s\r soil8 ,is t ! "n by :i* x is commonly kn[n1 & :at is ! treatm5t = x8 ,s\r soil is soil 9 :i* an acid is develop$ by plant decay & exclusion ( air4 ,! prop] treatm5t is ! application ( lime1 & a]ation by op5 tillage & und]dra9age4 ,old ,pla/] = ,s\r ,l&4 ,c h\se pla/] be us$ 9 reclaim+ s\r gr\nd & h[ mu* p] acre8 ,! gr\nd produces "s s\r grass - n a great deal4 ,! pla/] is f an old build+ t is be+ torn d[n4 ,h\se pla/] is desirable z an application to l& :i* is s\r4 ,x also adds to ! mell[ness ( l& :i* is h>d1 because ( ! s& conta9$ 9 x4 ,x has always be5 consid]$ a good dress+ = g>d5 l&4 ,s f> z ! correction ( s\rness goes1 x is mu* less active ?an fre% lime1 b x acts 9 ! same way to a limit$ ext5t4 ,x is c]ta9ly wor? us+1 provid+ x does n co/ too mu* = deliv]y1 & c be freely us$ if ! l& is heavy & ne$s friability4 ,application ( ,manure ,a%es4 ,hav+ rec5tly got a lot ( manure pl5tifully suppli$ ) r$wood %av+s t _h be5 us$ ) ! b$d+1 & be+ afraid to use ! same 9 t %ape1 z x takes su* a long "t = ! wood to rot1 ,i r$uc$ ! pile to a heap ( a%es4 ,h[ c x be be/ appli$ to ornam5tal trees & %rubb]y 9 a light gravelly soil8 ,y h done unwisely 9 burn+ ! manure4 ,we w\ld h tak5 ! risk ( a s+le use ( %av+s = ! sake ( ! manurial matt] associat$ ) !m1 & ?is risk ( too mu* light5+ ( a gravelly soil w\ld be especially small 9 connection ) deep root+ plants l ornam5tal trees & %rubb]y4 ,y h left m]ely ! skeleton ( ! manure1 & mu* ( t ( d\btful solubility1 if ! temp]ature ran v high by burn+ 9 a mass4 ,y ne$ n be fe>ful ab\t us+ ^! a%es4 ,scatt] or spread !m ov] ! gr\nd j z y w\ld h spread ! manure1 let ! ra9s dissolve & c>ry d[n :at !y c & g on ) y\r usual me?ods ( cultivation4 ,! ,be/ ,f]tiliz] = ,s&4 ,h[ c ,i be/ f]tilize soil t is pure s&8 ,! be/ f]tiliz] = pure s& is well-rott$ /able manure1 because x n only supplies all k9ds ( plant food1 b increases ! humus 9 ! soil1 :i* is exce$+ly important 9 mak+ ! s& m ret5tive ( moi/ure z well z m productive4 ,f]tiliz]s 9 ,tree ,holes4 ,w\ld x be h>mful to add #b or #c p\nds ( /eam$ bone meal to ! hole ( a "y tree j be=e plant+8 ,!re w\ld be no injury1 provid+ y mix x ) a consid]able am\nt ( soil by digg+ ov] ! bottom ( ! hole1 b our conviction is t on l&s :i* are good en\gh = ! comm]cial plant+ ( fruit trees1 x is n necess>y to /imulate a "y tree 9 ?is way1 b t x is bett] to po/pone ! use ( f]tiliz]s until ! trees come into be>+ & %[ ! desirability ( m lib]al fe$+4 ,( c\rse1 if "y trees d n make satisfactory gr[?1 !y may be /imulat$ ei!r ) "s k9d ( a f]tiliz] or ) a fre] use ( wat]1 & x is g5]ally ! latt] t !y are *iefly 9 ne$ (4 ,wood ,a%es & ,tomatoes4 ,is !re any h>m to vegetable gr[+ to dig suffici5t ( wood a%es 9 = mell[+ heavy soil8 ,my tomato plants grew spl5didly ?is ye>1 b ! fruits 7 all r\gh & wr9kl$4 ,i gave !m pl5ty ( horse & p\ltry manure at plant+ & pl5ty ( wood a%es & fall+ leaves ( cypress lat]4 ,wood a%es d n mell[ a heavy soil4 ,! effect ( ! pota% is to ov]come ! granul> /ructure & increase compactness4 ,coal a%es1 because !y are co>s] 9 p>ticles & devoid ( pota%1 d promote mell[ness1 & are valuable me*anically on a heavy soil al?\gh !y d n conta9 appreciable am\nts ( plant food4 ,y are ov]fe$+ y\r tomato plants1 probably4 ,! *ances are t y _h poor se$4 ,!re is no be/ tomato1 because y ought to gr[ e>ly & late k9ds3 !re is also "s diff]5ce 9 ! behavior ( v>ieties 9 diff]5t places4 ,0 ,x ! ,pota% or ! ,wat]8 ,la/ ye> ! lye f ! prune dipp] 0 turn$ on ! gr\nd ne> two almond trees :i* seem$ to be dy+1 & to my surprise !y h tak5 a new lease ( life4 ,h5ce my conclusion t pota% 0 good = our soil4 ,y\r exp]i5ce seems to ju/ify ! application ( pota%1 surely1 b ! "q /ill rema9s1 h[ mu* good ! pota% did ! trees1 & h[ mu* !y ne$$ ! extra wat] :i* ! wa/e dips suppli$4 ,x w\ld be desirable = y to make ano!r exp]im5t ) o!r trees1 apply+ wood a%es1 if y h !m1 or ab\t f\r p\nds p] tree ( ! pota% :i* y use = dipp+1 scatt]+ well & work+ x into ! soil aft] x is moi/5$ by ! ra9s1 & n us+ any m wat] ?an ! trees ord9>ily receiv$ f ra9fall4 ,aft] ?is trial y w be 9 a position to "k :e!r y\r trees ne$ pota% or irrigation - by comp>+ ) o!r trees adjac5t4 ,besides are y sure t y\r lye dip 0 cau/ic pota% & n cau/ic soda8 ,! latt] has no f]tiliz+ value4 ,prun+s z ,f]tiliz]4 ,is or*>d & v9ey>d bru% wor? en\gh z a f]tiliz] to pay = cutt+ or break+ & putt+ back on ! l&8 ,we %\ld say n4 ,x takes too mu* labor to put x 9 any =m to promote decay1 & is ev5 !n too inde/ructible4 ,x is also possible t its decay may induce root rot ( trees4 ,we %\ld burn ! /uff & spread ! a%es4 ,v9ey>d prun+s are m promis+ because m easily & quickly r$uc$ by decay4 ,v9ecane-ha%]s h be5 propos$ f "t to "t1 b we d n "k anyone :o long us$ !m4 ,gypsum on ,gra9 ,l&4 ,is !re any pr(it 9 s[+ gypsum on gra9 l&1 say on :eat or oat crop8 ,at :at /age %\ld x be appli$ & 9 :at quantity8 ,x w\ld h a t5d5cy to make ! surface m friable & !re=e bett] = moi/ure ret5tion1 & x c\ld be us$ at ! rate ( #ajjj p\nds to ! acre1 broadca/$ be=e pl[+ = gra94 ,z our soils are1 h[ev]1 usually well suppli$ ) lime1 !re is a "q :e!r !re w\ld be any pr(it 9 ! use ( gypsum1 =1 aside f lime1 x conta9s no plant food1 al?\gh x does act r en]getically ^u o!r coil cont5ts4 ,gypsum is a tonic & n a f]tiliz] f t po9t ( view4 ,! be/ way to satisfy y\rself ( its effect w\ld be to try a small area1 m>k$ s z y c\ld note its behavior z comp>$ ) ! re/ ( ! field4 ,gypsum & ,alfalfa4 ,:at is gypsum compos$ (8 ,is x detrim5tal to l& 9 future ye>s8 ,h ! l&s ( ,cali=nia any black alkali 9 !m8 ,i notice my neighbors :o s[ gypsum on _! alfalfa get a v mu* bett] yield ( hay ?an ^? :o d n4 ,gypsum is sulphate ( lime4 ,x is n detrim5tal to ! l& 9 aft] ye>s except t its action is to r5d] imm$iately available o!r plant foods & ?is may r5d] ! l& poor] - n by ! addition ( any?+ t is injuri\s b by ! quick] us+ up ( plant food :i* x already conta9s4 ,black alkali is v common 9 ,cali=nia 9 alkali l&s4 ,9 l&s :i* %[ _! quality by good cropp+1 !re is no reason to appreh5d black alkali nor to use gypsum to prev5t its occurr5ce4 ,! use ( gypsum does /imulate ! gr[? ( alfalfa & makes its product great] j z y obs]ve 9 ! exp]i5ce ( y\r neighbors1 b ! m !y use up ! l& n[ ! less !y w h lat]1 unless !y resort to regul> f]tilization to re/ore :at has be5 exhau/$4 ,b ev5 t may be a good bus9ess proposition4 ,:at ,gypsum ,does4 ,i int5d to f]tilize alfalfa & %\ld l to "k ab\t gypsum4 ,i h he>d x /imulates ! gr[? tempor>ily b 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s hurts ! l&4 ,i h heavy l&4 ,! functions ( gypsum are3 7a7 to supply lime :5 ! soil lacks x2 7b7 to make a heavy soil m mell[1 & 7c7 to act ^u o!r soil sub/ances to r5d] !m m available = plant food4 ,^! are "s ( ! soil aspects ( gypsum2 x may h plant aspects also4 ,x is too mu* to say t gypsum hurts ! l&2 x does1 h[ev]1 help ! plant to m quickly exhau/ its f]tility1 & 9 ?is respect is n l ! direct plant foods :i* comprise ! true f]tiliz]s - "o ( :i* gypsum is n4 ,x might be be/ = y\r pocketbook & = ! me*anical condition ( ! soil to use x1 b d n ?9k t x is ma9ta9+ ! f]tility ( ! l& 7a s]vice :i* we expect f ! true f]tiliz]s7 except z x may supply a possible defici5cy ( lime4 ,h[ ,mu* ,gypsum8 ,h[ mu* p] acre1 h[ frequ5tly & :at seasons ( ! ye> are ! be/ "t to apply gypsum8 ,( gypsum on alkali1 we %\ld beg9 at ! rate ( "o ton to ! acre & repeat ! application z frequ5tly z necess>y to a*ieve ! desir$ result4 ,if ! alkali 0 q /rong we w\ld use twice z mu*4 ,)\t ref]5ce to an alkal9e condition 9 ! soil1 & to give heavy soil a m friable "*1 :i* promotes cultivation1 a]ation1 etc41 &1 !re=e1 m9i/]s to m successful production1 half a ton to ! acre c be us$1 applications to be repeat$ z conditions seem to w>rant x4 ,wood ,a%es 9 ! ,g>d54 ,!re is available 9 my neighborhood a free supply ( wood a%es4 ,c y tell me h[ be/ to di/ribute ! same 9 a g>d5 7fl[]s & g>d5 truck71 & :at1 if any1 treatm5t is to be giv5 ! a%es = ! be/ results4 ,wood a%es long expos$ to ra9 lose mo/ ( _! valuable cont5ts1 & lea*$ a%es are only ( small value4 ,if !y are fre% a%es or a%es :i* h be5 kept dry1 !y are *iefly valuable = pota%1 :i* is good 9 its way1 b n all t a plant ne$s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y\r soil is %y ( pota%1 ! use ( a%es w notably improve gr[? if n appli$ 9 excess 9 ! cau/ic =m 9 :i* x occurs 9 ! a%es4 ,!y require no treatm5t4 ,spread1 say1 a qu>t] ( an in* ?ickness all ov] ! gr\nd & dig 9 deeply4 ,x may also help y by de/ruction ( wire worms & o!r gr\nd pe/s4 ,coal ,a%es 9 ! ,g>d54 ,:at is ! effect ( coal a%es on ! r$ clay soil ( ,r$l&s or wood & coal a%es comb9$8 ,coal a%es are exce$+ly desirable ^u clay l& because _! me*anical mixture ) ! f9e p>ticles ( ! clay r5d]s ! soil m friable1 p]meable & bett] adapt$ to ! gr[? ( mo/ plants4 ,coal a%es1 h[ev]1 possess no f]tiliz+ value - _! action is m]ely me*anical4 ,! wood a%es :i* may be comb9$ ) !m are desirable z a s\rce ( pota% :i* mo/ plants require4 ,lim+ a ,*ick5 ,y>d4 ,i h a small family or*>d ( half an acre1 f5c$ 9 z a *ick5 y>d1 ! soil ( :i* has become v f\l4 ,:5 w\ld be ! be/ "t to apply lime & h[ mu*8 ,put on #ejj p\nds ( lime & pl[ "u z soon z y c - t is1 spread ! lime j be=e ! pl[+1 ) a %[] or two on ! lime be=e pl[+1 if ! wea!r runs t way4 ,p\ltry ,manure4 ,give directions = us+ *ick5 manure4 ,= use ( "y trees1 is !re any diff]5ce 9 treatm5t ( decidu\s & citrus trees8 ,= use 9 ! vegetable g>d5 & ! fl[] g>d51 :at %\ld be mix$ ) x & 9 :at proportions8 ,s _m p say p\ltry manure is s /rong1 ,i am afraid to use x4 ,x is a fact t p\ltry manure1 free f e>?1 conta9s ev5 z high z f\r times z mu* plant food z ord9>y /able manure4 ,x is1 !re=e1 to be us$ ) proportional c>e1 s t ! plants %all n receive too mu*1 & p>ticul>ly s t !re may n be too mu* collect$ 9 "o place4 ,probably ! be/ way to gu>d aga9/ ?is is to ?or\ghly mix ! manure ) ?ree or f\r times its bulk ( ord9>y g>d5 soil & !n use ?is mixture at ab\t ! same rate y w\ld /able manure4 ,if y d n desire to g to all ?is tr\ble1 make an ev5 scatt]+ ( ! manure & "w x into ! soil4 ,!re is no reason to fe> ! mat]ial2 simply gu>d aga9/ ! unwise use ( x4 ,x is good = all ! plants :i* y m5tion2 9 fact1 = any plant gr[n1 provid$ x is sp>+ly & ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,x %\ld be pulv]iz$ s t !re %all n be lumps & masses 9 ! same place = fe> ( root injury4 ,( c\rse1 ! /r5g? dep5ds ^u h[ mu* e>? is ga!r$ up ) ! manure4 ,sometimes !re is s mu* wa/e mat]ial t x c be h&l$ j z ord9>y f>m manure is4 ,we %\ld n use ov] #bj p\nds ( clean dropp+s to a "y tree & %\ld mix x ) ! soil = a consid]able di/ance ar\nd ! tree4 ,old be>+ trees might /& two or ?ree tons to ! acre if di/ribut$ all ov] ! gr\nd4 ,! mat]ial conta9s ev]y?+ t is necess>y = ! gr[? ( ! tree & =mation ( ! fruit4 ,a%es & ,p\ltry ,manure4 ,x is said t a%es mix$ ) *ick5 manure is n good4 ,i use a%es altoge!r on ! drop bo>ds because ,i c keep ! bo>ds clean]4 ,! refuse is !n scatt]$ ar\nd ! fruit trees4 ,wood a%es & lime %\ld nev] be us$ z y propose1 because !y set free ! nitrog5 comp\nds :i* are ! mo/ valuable cont5t ( p\ltry manures4 ,?is action is condition$ l>gely ^u ! pres5ce ( moi/ure1 & if ! dropp+s are kept dry & hurri$ into ! soil ! loss is less5$4 ,coal a%es1 on ! o!r h&1 are a ?or\ghly good absorb5t :5 ! coal burns to a f9e a% or is sift$4 ,!y d n act z wood a%es d1 because !y d n conta9 soluble alkali4 ,!y also h a good mell[+ effect on heavy soil4 ,cau/ic ,lime ,n a ,good ,absorb5t4 ,w\ld air-slack5$ lime be suitable to spr9kle ov] ! dropp+ bo>ds 9 h5 h\ses8 ,gypsum is greatly sup]ior to air-slack$ lime = ! h5 h\ses1 z x has e b5eficial effect ( ! latt]1 :ile ! air-slack$ lime w set free mu* ( ! f]tiliz+ value ( ! manure1 :i* ! gypsum w n d4 ,too ,mu* ,*ick5 ,manure = ,"y ,trees4 ,i h pea* trees & apple trees1 #c to #f ye>s old1 t are v ?rifty b gr[ only wood4 ,! soil 0 poor :5 plant+1 & ,i h put on pl5ty ( sweep+s f ! *ick5-y>ds4 ,i suppose t is ! cause ( ! tr\ble4 ,und\bt$ly y h ov]manur$ y\r soil ) *ick5 manure1 :i* is a v /rong f]tiliz] & %\ld only be us$ 9 limit$ quantities4 ,9 ord] to c\nt]act any acidity or ill effects :i* h be5 produc$ by its excessive application1 x w\ld be desirable = y to apply ab\t #ejj to #ajjj p\nds p] acre ( common build]s' lime at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season1 work+ x into ! soil ) ! fall or e>ly w9t] pl[+4 ,d n cut back ! tree dur+ ! dormant season1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 y may h to remove surplus or int]f]+ bran*es = ! sake ( %ap+ ! tree4 ,w9t] prun+ induces a great] wood gr[? dur+ ! foll[+ summ]2 !re=e1 x %\ld be avoid$ "u su* conditions z y describe4 ,hav+ adopt$ su* a policy1 !re is no?+ = y to d b to wait = ! trees to sl[ d[n & assume a normal be>+ habit prop] = _! ages4 ,summ] prun+ is an (fset = excessive wood gr[?4 ,suburban ,wa/es4 ,we keep a c[ & p\ltry & h a dry-e>? toilet4 ,we h be5 bury+ ! manure 9 ! little g>d5 spot or along by ! f5ces or spread+ x out on ! alfalfa be=e x is rott$1 b d n get good results4 ,h[ %all we apply x to get ! be/ results 8 ,we h a t[n ord9ance aga9/ leav+ x 9 piles to rot4 ,y c compo/ x 9 a tight b9 made ( planks1 & us+ en\gh wat] to prev5t too rapid f]m5tation & loss ( valuable +r$i5ts4 ,dur+ ! dry season y c probably use en\gh dry e>? or road du/ to r5d] ! mat]ial in(f5sive1 & y c also di/ribute x !n )\t undesirable results4 ,compo/+ ,g>d5 ,wa/es4 ,y recomm5d mak+ a compo/ ( all scrap+s1 g>bage1 we$s1 etc4 ,is !re any dang] 9 hav+ ?is 9 a pit ne> ! h\se8 ,if y desire to put g>d5 wa/es1 includ+ manure1 into a pit1 ! only objection w\ld be ! heavy "w ( digg+ x out aga94 ,if y all[ wa/e wat] f ! h\se to run into ! pit1 !re w\ld probably be n en\gh dry mat]ial to absorb x1 & ! pit w\ld be n only objectionable on acc\nt ( odors1 b possibly dang]\s to heal?4 ,! wat] w\ld also prev5t decomposition1 because ( exclusion ( air4 ,at ! same "t1 en\gh moi/ure to promote sl[ decomposition is ess5tial4 ,x is usually m conv5i5t to compo/ g>d5 wa/es on ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 enclos+ !m ) a plank reta9]1 because moi/ure c easily be appli$ ) a hose1 z desirable1 ! mat]ial c be occasionally =k$ ov] to promote decay1 & ! heavy "w ( digg+ mat]ial out ( a pit is avoid$4 ,su* a collection is nei!r (f5sive nor dang]\s if h&l$ "r4 ,compo/+ ,manure4 ,w ! dry b>ny>d manure1 :5 heap$ up & damp5$ ) wat]1 make a valuable f]tiliz]8 ,= g>d5 use1 dry manure 9 heaps %\ld be damp5$ ) wat] f "t to "t s z to prev5t too active f]m5tation4 ,( c\rse1 wat] %\ld n be suppli$ s freely z to cause a lea*+ ( ! pile4 ,x is also desirable t ! mat]ial %\ld be =k$ ov] f "t to "t to di/ribute moi/ure & promote decay4 ,:5 ?is is done a ?or\ghly fir/-class f]tiliz] is produc$4 ,b>ny>d ,manure & ,alkali4 ,9 spots my l& is h>d & has "s black alkali4 ,w b>ny>d manure help ! h>d l& if cultivat$ 98 ,use /able manure because t w\ld n only furni% nitrog51 if y\r plants ne$ any m1 b x w\ld add co>se mat]ial & ultimately humus :i* w\ld ov]come ! t5d5cy ( y\r soil to become compact & ?us conc5trate alkali ne> ! surface by evaporation4 ,mell[ ! soil1 increase ! humus1 make wat] movem5t fre] & good cultivation easi] & alkali w become weak] by di/ribution ?r\gh a great] mass ( ! soil & may be too weak at any po9t to be tr\blesome1 unless y h too mu* to />t )4 ,put on manure at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season & pl[ x "u1 ) all ! gre5 /uff :i* gr[s ^u x1 dur+ ! w9t] or e>ly spr+4 ,/able ,manure & ,bean ,/raw4 ,:at are ! approximate cont5ts ( common /able manure2 also1 h[ mu* ( ! above is conta9$ 9 bean /raw8 ,! composition ( mix$ /able manure is giv5 z conta9+ 9 "o ton3 ,nitrog51 #aj p\nds2 phosphoric acid1 #e p\nds2 pota%1 #aj p\nds4 ,! con/itu5ts ( bean /raw 9 "o ton1 are giv5 z3 ,nitrog51 #bh p\nds2 phosphoric acid1 #f p\nds2 pota%1 #ch p\nds2 ,( c\rse1 a l>ge "p ( ! diff]5ce 9 composition is due to ! excessive am\nt ( moi/ure :i* ord9>y /able manure conta9s4 ,air dri$ /able manure1 su* z is f\nd 9 a ,cali=nia corral1 w\ld h mu* high] f]tiliz+ value ?an su* moi/ manure z an ,ea/]n *emi/ w\ld be likely to h&le4 ,ro(+ a ,manure ,pit4 ,is x necess>y to ro( a manure pit1 if ! pit is tight s t all ra9 on manure is caught 9 ! liquid manure & no?+ is lo/8 ,to secure satisfactory compo/+ ( /able manures 9 a pit x is necess>y to be able to regulate ! moi/ure ( ! mass4 ,if x becomes too dry1 too rapid f]m5tation takes place & ! mat]ial is de/roy$ by :at is call$ fire-fang+4 ,if too mu* liquid ent]s ! pit1 s t ! mat]ial is subm]g$1 ! air is exclud$ & f]m5tation /ops4 ,= ^! reasons x is necess>y t a pit 9 ! region ( l>ge ra9fall be cov]$1 & wat] be us$ f a hose or o!r s\rce ( supply 9 j suffici5t quantity to keep ! mat]ial "r = sl[ f]m5tation4 ,h[ mu* wat] %\ld be add$ to br+ ! moi/ure to a "r condition dep5ds ^u h[ mu* liquid wa/e runs into ! pit1 & :]e wat] is us$ = clean+ a /able c>e has to be tak5 t ! pit is n subm]g$4 ,success ) a pit is1 !re=e1 condition$ on ! am\nt ( moi/ure admitt$1 & ?is _c be controll$ unless ! pit has a cov] fit to %$ ra9fall4 ,( c\rse1 x may be adju/able s t "s ra9fall may be admitt$ z may be desirable4 ,value ( ,animals 9 ,manure4 ,9 ! op]ation ( our fruit & dairy ran* we h ! manure f "s =ty head ( horses & cattle1 :i* is di/ribut$ ov] ! place4 ,we cut our alfalfa & fe$ x & d v little pa/ur+4 ,9 ord] to give our dairy ! prop] cr$it1 we w\ld k9dly ask :at y consid] a fair price = ! manure ( a c[ = "o ye>4 ,also :at w\ld ! manure f a horse = "o ye> be wor?8 ,a compilation ( a consid]able numb] ( weigh+s1 analyses & valuations 9 ,europe1 cit$ by ,pr(4 ,rob]ts 9 8 book on ! ,f]tility ( ! ,l&1 gives an av]age value ( ! void+s ( a c[ = a ye> z #cb4be & ( a horse at #bd4jf4 ,?is is bas$1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! collection & sav+ ( all excrem5ts :i* is nev] secur$ except 9 c>eful exp]im5tation4 ,! value ( manure dep5ds ^u ! quality ( ! fe$4 ,9 two exp]im5ts1 consid]$ a safe sub/itute = ! /raw1 ap>t f ! fact t ! gave a value 9 manure ( #a p] ton ( hay f$2 c[s f$ on clov] & bran gave value 9 manure ( #c4hj p] ton ( mix$ fe$4 ,y\r alfalfa fe$+ w\ld approa* ! high] value4 ,y w h to make an e/imate f ! above data to s]ve y\r purpose & y c figure x ei!r by ! numb] ( animals or by ! tonnage ( ! fe$4 ,value ( ,fre% & ,dry ,manure4 ,:at is ! relative value ( ! weekly or semi-weekly corral scrap+s :i* are tramp$ f9e & air-dri$2 & ( ! fre%1 wet manure f ! /able8 ,i d n und]/& t ! latt] has appreciable wat] add$1 & ! am\nt ( s& 9 ! corral scrap+s w\ld be small4 ,fre%1 mix$ animal manure is usually calculat$ to conta9 ab\t #ge p] c5t ( wat]4 ,manure :i* has be5 quickly dri$1 )\t f]m5tation & )\t lea*+ by ra9s1 may be wor? f\r or five times z mu* p] ton4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 %ort ( analysis w\ld det]m9e ! value ( any p>ticul> lot1 = t dep5ds some:at ^u ! way ! animals are f$1 z well z ^u ! moi/ure cont5t4 ,%av+s 9 ,/able ,manure4 ,is b>ny>d f]tiliz] conta9+ %av+s in/ead ( /raw1 desirable8 ,b>ny>d manure conta9+ %av+s is *iefly objectionable because ( ! am\nt ( in]t mat]ial4 ,! %av+s are exce$+ly sl[ to decompose1 & 9 light soil 9 consid]able quantities w\ld cause a s]i\s loss ( moi/ure4 ,if appli$1 on ! o!r h&1 to a heavy soil & accompani$ by suffici5t irrigation wat]1 ! effect ( mak+ ! soil m friable might be v desirable4 ,x dep5ds !n ^u circum/ances :e!r %av+s c be concit$ by ,pr(4 ,snyd] 9 8 ,soils & ,f]tiliz]s1 c[s f$ on hay /raw is m valuable n only because m easily decompos$1 b because its cont5t ( plant food is great]4 ,h&l+ ,grape ,pomace4 ,9 ! case ( grape pomace1 w\ld n ! l>ge value %[n by analysis be *iefly 9 ! se$s8 ,my obs]vation is t ^! are exce$+ly sl[ to became available 9 ! soil4 ,w\ld compo/+ break d[n ! %ell ( ! se$8 ,grape pomace is sl[ly available because ( ! sl[ dis9tegration y m5tion4 ,x c\ld be ha/5$ by dry+ & gr9d+1 b we d\bt if ?is or o!r treatm5t w\ld return its co/4 ,decay by moi/ure promot$ by compo/+ ) manure1 kept at a l[ temp]ature by cont9u\s moi/ure w\ld r5d] x soon] available1 b ?is w\ld involve labor :i*1 at our wage rates1 w\ld probably make ! mat]ial co/ m ?an x is wor?4 ,?is is probably a co/ 9 :i* "t is *eap] ?an money4 ,%eep & ,goat ,manure4 ,i c buy goat manure f an inclosure :]e ?is is deposit$ to an am\nt ( ab\t five c>loads4 ,w goat manure be ( great value 9 f]tiliz+ an or*>d8 ,if s1 h[ mu* ( x %\ld be spread an an acre8 ,accumulations ( %eep & goat manure 9 a dry situation1 t is1 :]e n lea*$ out by heavy ra9fall1 h be5 f\nd to run z high z #ac p] ton 9 f]tiliz+ con/itu5ts4 ,! av]age w\ld1 h[ev]1 be n above #g4ej1 & w\ld dep5d n only ^u ! unlea*$ condition ( ! mat]ial b ^u ! am\nt ( s& mix$ ) x4 ,if x is 9 a situation :]e s& bl[s v freely1 x might n be wor? ov] #d or #e p] ton1 possibly n t mu*4 ,y h1 !re=e1 to deal ) a condition l>gely unkn[n4 ,s f> z its f]tiliz+ quality goes1 h[ev]1 x is freely available & directly calculat$ to /imulate ! gr[? ( plants1 & probably f\r or five tons c\ld be us$ to ! acre )\t injury if well di/ribut$ ov] ! surface ( ! l&4 ,application c be made at any "t ( ! ye>1 = ! dry+ w n injure x4 ,x w n1 h[ev]1 become available until ! soil is suffici5tly moi/ to c>ry its cont5ts to ! roots ( ! plants4 ,"u ord9>y conditions 9 ,cali=nia1 application %\ld be made j be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season4 ,hog ,manure & ,potatoes4 ,:at is ! f]tiliz+ value ( hog manure1 & also :at is ! be/ f]tiliz] to use = potatoes8 ,our potatoes are plant$ e>ly 9 ,janu>y4 ,hog manure is r a rank & /rong f]tiliz]1 usually v ri*1 al?\gh ! quality ( x dep5ds ^u h[ well ! hogs h be5 f$ - t f gra9-f$ hogs be+ notably bett]4 ,! valuation ( hog manure ranges f #b4ej to #c4be p] ton1 accord+ to ! fe$+ z not$1 :ile ord9>y /able manure may be wor? f #b to #b4ge p] ton4 ,x is n a good idea to apply ^! organic manures directly = ! gr[? ( potatoes4 ,x is bett] to apply !m to ! l& = ! gr[? ( a gra9 or =age crop1 pl[+ 9 ! /ubble & us+ ! l& = potatoes ! foll[+ ye>4 ,if y wi% to f]tilize directly = potatoes1 ! use ( a comm]cial f]tiliz] conta9+ a good am\nt ( pota% w\ld be a bett] proposition4 ,f]tiliz] = ,sweet ,potatoes & ,melons4 ,i h s&y soil t has be5 us$ = sweet potatoes until x is worn out = t crop1 & w\ld l y\r advice z to ! be/ f]tiliz] to use4 ,also1 :at f]tiliz] w\ld be be/ = melons on l& t has be5 plant$ to melons = ! pa/ ?ree ye>s8 ,!re is n mu* diff]5ce 9 ! plant food requir$ by ! two crops y m5tion1 b bo? evid5tly ne$ a fre%5$ soil & an increase ( humus4 ,we %\ld apply a half ton to ! acre ( a complete f]tiliz]1 ( :i* any deal] c give y descriptions & prices4 ,if y wi% to d a good job1 />t a gr[? ( peas or vet*es or burr clov]1 & s[ ! f]tiliz] ev5ly ) ! se$4 ,pl[ ! gr[? "u 9 ,febru>y & roll 7z ! soil is s&y7 to close d[n & promote ! decay ( ! gre5 /uff1 :i* ought to be s well accompli%$ by ! date t x is safe to plant sweet potatoes or melons t x w give no tr\ble 9 summ] cultivation4 ,an ,abuse ( ,grape ,pomace4 ,i got 9 an argum5t ) a neighbor ( m9e :o /at$ t grape pomace is n a f]tiliz]4 ,is x s8 ,my neighbor says t two ye>s ago he _h two apricot trees 9 8 y>d1 & !y 7 f9e be>+ & heal?y trees4 ,aft] mak+ 8 w9e he put ! pomace on ! gr\nd & !y di$4 ,c\ld t be ! cause8 ,yes1 probably4 ,he us$ too mu* fre% pomace & ! result+ f]m5tation ( its products may h kill$ ! trees4 ,b grape pomace1 aft] go+ ?r\gh f]m5tation & 9 ! process ( decay1 makes humus 9 addition to giv+ pota% & o!r desirable sub/ances to ! soil4 ,manur+ ,v9ey>d4 ,does b>ny>d manure h any injuri\s effect on ! v9es if appli$ on my v9ey>d8 ,"o ( my neighbors claims b>ny>d manure burn$ 8 v9es s he got no crop :]ev] he spread ! manure1 & no?+ w\ld n[ induce him to use x aga94 ,b>ny>d manure c be safely us$ 9 a v9ey>d at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season1 work+ x 9 ) ! pl[+1 b n us+ too mu*4 ,w9e grapes are sometimes injuri\sly affect$ 9 flavor by ! use ( su* f]tiliz]1 b ! gr[? ( ! v9e itself c be /imulat$ by ! rational use ( x4 ,y\r neighbor app>5tly ei!r us$ too mu* or made ! application at ! beg9n+ ( ! dry season or made "s o!r mi/ake4 ,bones = ,grape ,v9es4 ,i am go+ to plant out "s grape v9es1 & w\ld l to "k if x is a good plan to put old bones1 brok5 up f9e1 into ! holes :5 plant+4 ,yes1 if y d n use too mu* & x is mix$ ) e>?1 a little beyond ! t\* ( ! roots at plant+4 ,y d n ne$ to f9ely break ! bones4 ,! roots w take c>e ( t4 ,b d n put 9 too mu* co>se /uff1 = fe> ( caus+ too rapid dra9age4 ,reviv+ ,blight$ ,trees4 ,i h a c\ple ( apple trees "h t 7 hurt by ! pe> blight ?ree ye>s ago & 7 cut back s9ce !n2 !y come out ea* ye>1 b ! leaves curl up1 & !y d n d any?+4 ,i w\ld l to "k if putt+ any f]tiliz] ar\nd !m w\ld help !m to put out _! leaves1 & if s :at ,i %\ld use8 ,put "s /able manure on ! top ( ! soil ar\nd y\r trees n[ s t ! ra9s may rea* ! cont5ts ( ! soil1 !n lat] 9 ! season dig ! manure into ! soil4 ,apply wat] dur+ ! summ] "t & ?is w enc\rage ! trees to gr[1 if !re is any vigor rema9+ 9 !m4 ,?is treatm5t1 h[ev]1 w n protect !m f ! blight4 ,f]tiliz+ ,pe> ,or*>d4 ,i h pe> trees #ae ye>s old :i* h fruit$ heavily = ye>s & h nev] be5 f]tiliz$4 ,:at is ! be/ f]tiliz] = ! soil :i* is heavy1 & :5 is ! be/ "t to apply x8 ,i int5d plant+ rye to pl[ "u 9 ! spr+1 b ?\ght possibly ! f]tiliz] %\ld be appli$ fir/4 ,if y h /able manure available1 no?+ c\ld be bett] = ! fe$+ ( ! trees & = its mell[+ effect ^u y\r heavy soil4 ,application c be made at once1 to be work$ into ! l& :5 ! rye is s[n4 ,x w help ! trees & give y m rye :i* 9 ! end w help ! trees4 ,if y h no /able manure available1 :at is call$ by ! deal]s a complete f]tiliz] = or*>d purposes is :at y %\ld use & apply x :5 y "w ! l& = rye4 ,f]tiliz+ ,olives4 ,:at is ! be/ means ( f]tiliz+ an olive or*>d8 ,my or*>d gives me a p]fect quality ( oil1 b a poor quantity4 ,my soil is dry calc>e\s1 r$ & gray1 & is v ?9 9 places1 !re=e1 x lacks moi/ure4 ,an olive or*>d c be f]tiliz$ ) /able manure or ) a complete f]tiliz]1 or ) ! special br&s ( diff]5t manufactur]s ( special fruit f]tiliz]s4 ,b y mu/ be sure t y\r trees d n ne$ moi/ure m ?an !y ne$ f]tiliz]s1 = )\t adequate moi/ure f]tiliz]s _c d _! be/ "w4 ,! increase ( ! humus cont5t ( ! soil1 ei!r secur$ by /able manure or by ! pl[+ "u ( w9t]-gr[n cov] crops1 is desirable1 z !y n only give ! trees m plant food1 b make ! soil also m ret5tive ( moi/ure4 ,y w h to exp]im5t along ?is l9e to see j :at is be/ = y\r trees4 ,consult ! ,trees4 ,c ,i s5d y a little soil out ( my "o-ye>-old pe> or*>d s t y c advise me :at ,i c d to improve its f]tility4 ,! trees are fairly ?rifty1 b z fruit gr[+ is my pleasure ,i wi% to make x a model or*>d & add :atev] x requires ( nitrog51 humus1 etc41 imm$iately s z to increase ! gr[? = ?is summ]4 ,next w9t] ,i int5d to put manure ar\nd !m & cultivate ab\t e o!r mon?4 ,c>eful exp]im5t+ ) f]tiliz]s w tea* y m ?an analysis w\ld d1 because ! behavior ( ! tree "u v>i\s conditions tells y m ?an a *emi/ possibly c\ld4 ,besides1 we are ( ! conviction t on good soils "y fruit trees %\ld n be pu%$ beyond ! gr[? :i* !y w\ld naturally make ) a regul> & adequate moi/ure supply4 ,be c>eful ab\t us+ f]tiliz]s on "y trees1 ei!r 9 ! summ] or 9 ! w9t]4 ,:5 !y come to be>+ age & yield l>ge crops ( fruit1 t is ano!r "q4 ,any ,cali=nia soil :i* w n gr[ "y fruit trees ?riftily %\ld n be us$ = or*>d purposes unless an amateur desires to gr[ trees on a picturesque lot ( rocks or s&4 ,results ( ,f]tiliz+ ,olives4 ,we h #ajj acres 9 olives ab\t six miles nor!a/ ( ,rialto 9 ,san ,b]n>d9o c\nty4 ,9 #aijh we got ab\t five tons f ! #ajj acres4 ,we began f]tiliz+ & cultivat+ 9 #aiji1 & h put on ! #ajj acres ab\t ! same am\nt ( f]tiliz] ea* ye>4 ,9 #aiji we got #ae tons2 9 #aiaj1 #aaf tons1 & #aiaa is e/imat$ at #cbe to #cej tons4 ,x is important t y\r olive trees are respond+ to good treatm5t & f]tilization4 ,un=tunately1 t does n seem to be always ! case & a good _m olive trees h be5 made into firewood because no?+ seem$ to br+ !m into satisfactory be>+4 ,good be>+ olive trees are n[ among ! v be/ ( our horticultural prop]ties1 :ile non-be>+ olive trees are wor? ab\t #g a cord = fire wood4 ,nurs]y ,f]tiliz]s4 ,i h light s&y loam1 well dra9$4 ,x has be5 9 blackb]ries1 & ,i n[ h x plant$ to nurs]y fruit tree /ock4 ,i h giv5 x ?is spr+ two applications ( nitrate ( soda1 b no o!r f]tiliz]4 ,w ! nitrate act alone1 or mu/ ,i apply also ! phosphate & pota% to get results8 ,nitrate ( soda w act alone & w /imulate gr[?1 & !re are cases 9 :i* !re is en\gh phosphate & pota% already 9 ! soil to act ) x4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 x is cu/om>y to use a complete f]tiliz] conta9+ phosphate & pota% z well z nitrog51 9 ord] t ! plant may be m r\ndly suppli$ & promot$1 & "o w\ld be a little saf] 9 us+ t sort ( f]tiliz] ?an 9 rely+ ^u ! nitrate ( soda alone4 ,y w1 ( c\rse1 be c>eful n to use ^! f]tiliz]s 9 too l>ge am\nts1 = nitrate ( soda is especially dang]\s if us$ 9 excess4 ,almond ,hulls & ,sawdu/4 ,is !re any f]tiliz+ value 9 ! hulls ( almonds8 ,w\ld p9e sawdu/ f ! lumb] mills be a good sub/ance to mix 9 & pl[ "u 9 a ?ree-acre adobe pat* 9 ord] to loos5 & light5 ! soil = truck g>d5+8 ,almond hulls h consid]able f]tiliz+ value1 b !y are sl[ to decompose1 &1 !re=e1 may be a long "t unus$ by ! plant4 ,!y also h a good fe$+ value = /ock1 & if y c expose !m 9 ! corral s ! /ock c eat z !y l1 ?is is ! be/ way to get !m into f]tiliz+ =m4 ,if !y c be *eaply gr\nd _! availability z a f]tiliz] w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be quick5$4 ,r$wood sawdu/ is bett] ?an p9e sawdu/1 b any k9d ( sawdu/ c be made to s]ve a good purpose 9 mell[+ heavy soils if n us$ to excess & if !re is pl5ty ( moi/ure to promote decay4 ,f]tiliz+ ,fruit ,trees4 ,i h an or*>d ( prunes1 apricots & *]ries1 :i* has be5 be>+ s9ce "s #cj ye>s ago1 )\t f]tilization1 except possibly muddy s$im5t f occasional irrigations ( m\nta9 /reams4 ,v>i\s p are advocat+ ! use ( nitrates & o!r f]tiliz]s4 ,%\ld ,i h samples ( ?is e>? analyz$ 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :at ! soil mo/ ne$s8 ,to f9d out :e!r y\r trees ne$ f]tilization1 /udy ! tree & ! product & d n dep5d ^u *emical analysis ( ! soil4 ,if y\r trees are gr[+ ?riftily & h suffici5tly goodsiz$ leaves ( good color1 & if fruit ( good size & quality is obta9$1 x is n necesss>y to ?9k ( f]tilization4 ,if ! trees are n satisfactory 9 all ^! respects1 ! fir/ ?+ to d is to det]m9e :e!r !y h moi/ure en\gh dur+ ! lat] "p ( ! summ]4 ,?is %\ld be det]m9$ by digg+ or bor+ to a dep? or ?ree or f\r feet 9 ,july or ,augu/4 ,! subsoil %\ld be reasonably moi/ 9 ord] to su/a9 ! tree dur+ ! late summ] & e>ly fall :5 /rong fruit buds = ! com+ ye> w be f9i%$4 ,if y are sure ! moi/ure supply is ample1 !n f]tilization ei!r ) /able manure or ) comm]cial f]tiliz]s conta9+ especially nitrates & phosphates %\ld be und]tak5 exp]im5tally1 9 accordance ) sugge/ions = application made to y by deal]s 9 ^! articles1 :o are usually well in=m$ by obs]vation4 ,:5 y h ! tree to advise y ( ! condition ( ! soil1 y d n ne$ a *emi/1 al?\gh if ! tree manife/s s]i\s di/ress & is unable to make satisfactory gr[? ! sugge/ions ( a *emi/ may be v helpful4 ,f]tiliz+ ,oranges4 ,:at is ! g5]al & :at d y consid] ! ideal1 manur+1 & :5 appli$ = orange trees f #ae to #ab ye>s old "u irrigation8 ,i use ab\t #b cwt4 ea* ( sup]phosphate1 nitrate ( soda & sulphate ( pota% p] acre1 b am dissatisfi$ ) my yields z comp>$ ) y\rs 9 ,cali=nia4 ,!re is n only no /&>d = f]tiliz+ orange trees1 b !re is no ideal :i* might be consid]$ z a basis = a /&>d4 ,all gr[]s :o are awake to ! necessity ( do+ some?+ = be>+ trees1 try all ?+s & hold fa/ to :at 7!y ?9k7 is good4 ,practically none ( !m has any endur+ conviction or demon/ration z to :at is good1 b !y keep on try+4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o cle> & endur+ conviction1 & t is1 t cont9u\s f]tiliz+ mu/ be done = pr(it1 & our be/ gr[]s are us+ ! same mat]ials y m5tion 9 consid]ably l>g] am\nts ?an y apply1 & use also o!r =ms ( nitrog5\s f]tiliz]s4 ,! am\nts ( sup]phosphate & nitrate :i* y use w\ld be consid]$ homeopa?ic treatm5t by our gr[]s4 ,c[ ,/able ,dra9age = ,fruit4 ,i h be5 told t ! dra9+s f a c[ b>n make an excell5t f]tiliz] = orange & lemon trees1 9 fact1 any:]e on plants :]e manure is consid]$ b5eficial4 ,! dra9age f a c[ b>n is excell5t = f]tiliz+ almo/ any crop unless x is us$ 9 too l>ge quantity4 ,if x %\ld be comb9$ ) a consid]able am\nt ( wat] us$ = clean+ out ! /able1 x w\ld be excell5t = ! irrigation ( all k9ds ( fruit trees4 ,c>e %\ld be tak51 h[ev]1 n to ov]saturate ! gr\nd1 :i* w\ld be ! case if ! wa%+ ( ! /able 0 all[$ to run cont9u\sly alongside a s+le r[ ( trees4 ,! wat] %\ld be *ang$ f r[ to r[ 9 succession1 cultivat+ ! gr\nd meantime to promote a]ation & to prev5t too great compact+ ( ! soil4 ,se$ ,f>m ,refuse z a ,f]tiliz]4 ,w\ld clean+s f sweet peas or all k9ds ( se$s gr[n on a se$ f>m be ( any value z a f]tiliz] on s&y loam soil = an or*>d8 ,?is has be5 9 a pile = ?ree ye>s or m1 & ,i c get x = ! haul+4 ,!re are a hundr$ loads or m ( x & n v f> to haul4 ,x w\ld be wor? m on a heavy soil1 because ! dang] ( dry+ out w\ld be less & ! surety ( r$uction to humus great]4 ,to get ! highe/ value f su* /uff x %\ld be compo/$ ) wat] & turn+ 9 heaps1 b t w\ld occasion exp5se beyond value probably1 unless x c\ld be compo/$ ) manure = m>ket g>d5 purposes4 ,! haul+ might be good "w = idle teams4 ,spread ! /uff r ?9ly to be cov]$ 9 ) fall pl[+1 s t its decay c\ld be promot$ dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,sl[ ,/uff z a ,f]tiliz]4 ,h[ c we use sawdu/ & %av+s f our high s*ool %op s z to comb9e x ) /reet sweep+s1 lawn cutt+s1 etc41 & insure ready decay )\t objectionable features8 ,d n mix sawdu/ & %av+s ) lawn clipp+s & /reet sweep+s1 because ( ! great diff]5ce 9 susceptibility to decay4 ,! lawn clipp+s & /reet sweep+s1 :i* w\ld conta9 consid]able horse manure1 w\ld be readily trans=m$ into a good f]tiliz] by compo/+4 ,su* treatm5t1 h[ev]1 w\ld h no appreciable effect ^u sawdu/ or %av+s = a consid]able p]iod ( "t1 & !y w\ld /ill be too co>se 9 _! "* to be ( any value unless y h to deal ) heavy clay soil1 & 9 t case ! sawdu/ & f9e %av+s might be dug 9 at once & tru/$ to decay sl[ly 9 ! soil1 at ! same "t improv+ its friability by _! co>s] p>ticles4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y are deal+ ) light s&y loam1 su* co>se mat]ial w\ld cause too rapid dry+ out & injure ! plant1 :i* might be b5efit$ by lawn clipp+s & /reet sweep+s4 ,! be/ way to get rid ( ! sawdu/ & %av+s is to set up an alt>1 su* z we h 9 our own backy>d - a piece ( an old boil] ab\t two feet 9 diamet] & two & a half feet high1 9 :i* we curr5tly burn all rubbi% :i* is n available = quick compo/+ into a f]tiliz]4 ,lime on ,s&y ,soil4 ,d y ?9k #ejj p\nds ( lime p] acre w\ld help a s&y soil :i* has n be5 enri*$ by pa/ur+ or legumes8 ,( c\rse1 we w\ld n apply ! lime until next fall be=e pl[+4 ,lime is n usually call$ = 9 a s&y soil1 :i* probably requires direct f]tiliz+ ) /able or comm]cial f]tiliz]s4 ,lime on ,alfalfa4 ,:at effect does putt+ lime on l& h 9 hold+ moi/ure8 ,also1 w x pay to put x on a l>ge field ( alfalfa8 ,! l& is adobe4 ,i c get slak$ lime = ! haul+1 di/ance be+ ab\t five miles4 ,! lime w make ! l& m friable &1 !re=e1 less dispos$ to bake & lose moi/ure by evaporation4 ,alfalfa is hungry = lime & is g5]ally advanc$ by ! application ( x4 ,f]tiliz+ ,alfalfa4 ,c new c[ manure be put on alfalfa8 ,is n ! be/ way to use ! above z a f]tiliz] 9 =m ( liquid be+ run f b>n via pipes to a settl+-tank & f !re via irrigation dit*es to ! l& to be irrigat$8 ,:at is ! be/ way to get rid ( c[ manure s z to keep a b>n sanit>y & ! place free f /5*8 ,c[ manure c be us$ to advantage on alfalfa4 ,corrals c be clean$ up & ! manure spread at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ! manure c be spread z x is produc$ & v good results w be notic$ 9 ! gr[? dur+ ! foll[+ summ]4 ,x is p]fectly rational = y to use ! liquid f]tiliz] z y propose 9 connection ) irrigation wat]1 b ?is is n g5]ally done because ( ! co/ ( ! outfit & ! labor ( h&l+ ! mat]ial 9 t way4 ,! be/ way to keep a b>n sanit>y is to keep x clean1 remov+ all ! wa/e matt] to a consid]able di/ance daily1 all[+ no?+ to accumulate1 & h ! /able dra9age arrang$ s t ! /able c be frequ5tly flu%$ out into good dra9age outlets1 c>ry+ ! wat] to grass or alfalfa l& if possible4 ,f]tiliz+ ,corn4 ,we are go+ to plant ab\t #bj acres to corn on a sidehill & int5d to put "s f]tiliz] on1 b want to give x to ! corn only4 ,w\ld x be a good plan1 aft] we h m>k$ out our r[s1 to scatt] "s f]tiliz] 9 ^! m>ks & put ! corn "r on top ( x8 ,we take x y ask ab\t ! use ( a readily soluble comm]cial f]tiliz]4 ,if s1 y c d z y propose1 be+ c>eful n to use too mu*4 ,! op]ation ( plant+ w di/ribute ! f]tiliz] ?r\gh en\gh soil if ! application is n too heavy4 ,! effect w dep5d some?+ ^u :at %[]s y get aft] plant+4 ,scrap ,iron z a ,f]tiliz]4 ,is ca/ or o!r iron 9 small pieces pl[$ into ! l& ( any b5efit to trees z a f]tiliz]8 ,if s1 :at w\ld be ! value z su* p] #ajj p\nds8 ,junk deal]s sometimes (f] #be c5ts p] #ajj p\nds4 ,if x has any value z a f]tiliz]1 ,i am satisfi$ x mu/ be wor? f\r times t price4 ,we pay ?ree c5ts a p\nd = sulphate ( iron z a f]tiliz]4 ,( c\rse1 x is a salt & dissolves quickly1 !re=e1 ,i believe ca/ iron1 ev5 if x works sl[ly1 has "s value1 & at ! same "t f>m]s c clean up & get rid ( a lot ( rubbi%4 ,9 mo/ cases ! ,cali=nia soils are suffici5tly suppli$ ) iron by nature4 ,iron scraps h a little & remote value because !y are s sl[ly available by ! process ( ru/ dis9tegration4 ,x might1 !re=e1 be wor? :ile = f>m]s to bury su* scrap iron z accumulates on ! place bel[ ! rea* ( ! cultivat+ tools4 ,b x w\ld n be pr(itable to buy iron scraps at junk deal]s' price1 nor w\ld x be pr(itable to haul ?is mat]ial any long di/ance1 ev5 if x c\ld be _h = no?+4 ,kelp z a ,f]tiliz]4 ,are !re ill effects f us+ sea kelp z a f]tiliz] = orange trees8 ,!re is no ill effect4 ,sea kelp has be5 dragg$ f ! bea*es at l[ tide1 p>tly dri$ & us$1 = c5turies p]haps1 z field f]tiliz] = all sorts ( crops 9 ,europe1 & = decades1 to "s ext5t1 on ! ,new ,engl& coa/4 ,! dang]\s sub/ance 9 x w\ld seem to indicate t t is n pres5t 9 suffici5t quantity to cause tr\ble4 ,! great difficulty lies 9 secur+ & transport+ ! sub/ance1 = less ?an its f]tiliz+ equival5t c be obta9$ by pur*ase ( o!r m conc5trat$ manures4 ,apply+ ,?omas ,phosphate4 ,:5 is ! be/ "t to apply ,?omas phosphate slag on or*>d l&8 ,z ,?omas phosphate is sl[ly soluble1 x c be appli$ at any "t dur+ ! ra9y season )\t dang] ( loss1 & = ! same fact1 x %\ld be appli$ e>ly dur+ ! ra9y season 9 ord] to be available to trees dur+ ! foll[+ summ]'s gr[?4 ,x ought1 p]haps1 to be add$ t o!r =ms ( phosphate h l>gely displac$ slag dur+ ! la/ few ye>s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 o!r =ms be+ m available4 ,sug> ,factory ,lime = ,f]tiliz+4 ,is ! lime f a sug> factory a good f]tiliz] = ei!r oranges or walnuts2 if s1 ab\t :at am\nt to ! acre w\ld y recomm5d8 ,if y\r l& ne$s lime or if x is heavy & ne$s to be m friable1 or if y h reason to ?9k t x may be s\r$ by exclusion ( air or by excessive use ( f]m5t+ manures1 ! refuse lime y speak ( w d z a corrective j z o!r lime does1 ?\gh1 p]haps1 n s actively4 ,beyond t !re is no?+ ( great value 9 x4 ,y c use two or ?ree applications ( #ejj p\nds to ! acre )\t ov]do+ x - if y\r l& ne$s x at all4 ,nitrate ,) ,/able ,manure4 ,i am go+ to plant ab\t #bjjj plants ( rhub>b4 ,i int5d to put "s c[ & horse manure "u ! plants z a f]tiliz]1 b ,i d n ?9k ,i w h en\gh = all ! plants1 s ,i b\ght "s nitrate ( lime1 ) ! int5tion ( mix+ ! c[ & horse manure ) ! lime nitrate1 :i* ,i ?\ght w\ld all[ me to spread ! manure mu* ?9n] & ,i c\ld cov] m surface4 ,n[ ,i am n sure b ! nitrate ( lime w burn ! manure if mix$ ) x4 ,y c mix ei!r nitrate ( lime or nitrate ( soda ) ! /able manure z y propose2 9 fact1 x is frequ5tly done4 ,^! nitrates are neutral salts & d n act on manure z cau/ic lime or wood a%es w\ld d4 ,!y are q cont5t to keep along )\t kick+ _! neighbors4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 ! m nitrate y add ! m c>eful y mu/ be ab\t us+ too mu* ( ! mixture1 & z = putt+ manure "u any plant1 at spr+ plant+ p>ticul>1 x is dang]\s bus9ess4 ,nitrate ( ,soda4 ,h[ %all ,i apply nitrate ( soda z f]tiliz] = roses & o!r fl[]s & lawns dur+ ! summ] mon?s8 ,"o has to be v c>eful 9 ! use ( nitrate ( soda n to use too mu* & n to apply x unev5ly1 s t too mu* is br\ght 9 contact ) ! roots ( p>ticul> plants4 ,f "o to two hundr$ p\nds an acre ev5ly di/ribut$ is ! usual prescription = nitrate ( soda1 al?\gh 9 ! case ( be>+ orange trees consid]ably l>g] am\nts h be5 successfully us$4 ,?is w\ld be at ! rate ( ab\t "o ounce to "o squ>e y>d ( surface4 ,x w\ld be a safe application to beg9 ) & c\ld be increas$ a little on ! basis ( obs]vation ( results4 ,( c\rse1 ! application %\ld be accompani$ by copi\s irrigation 9 ord] to dissolve & di/ribute ! sub/ance4 ,f]tiliz+ ,/rawb]ries4 ,i h half an acre ( /rawb]ries :i* w fruit _! second season ?is spr+1 & half an acre set la/ mon?4 ,i _h int5d$ to use nitrate ( soda on !m1 b 0 talk+ to a fri5d :o told me x w\ld kill my soil4 ,t ! fir/ ye> x w\ld produce an enorm\s crop & ! next ye> ,i c\ldn't raise any?+4 ,:i* w\ld be bett] to use "h1 /able manure or comm]cial f]tiliz]8 ,x is true t nitrate ( soda is a /imulant ( plants1 & by r5d]+ soil f]tility imm$iately available may seem to r$uce ! supply lat]1 & yet x is a mo/ available =c+ f]tiliz] if us$ ) great caution1 n ov] #bjj p\nds to ! acre ev5ly scatt]$ ov] ! :ole surface or a less am\nt1 ( c\rse1 if conf9$ to p>ticul> areas4 ,if us$ 9 excess x may actually kill ! plants4 ,/ill nitrate ( soda is be+ us$ actively & intellig5tly by ne>ly all gr[]s ( plants & mu/ be c\nt$ on ! :ole a valuable ag5cy4 ,if y c get /able manure1 no?+ is bett] z a complete plant food4 ,application to /rawb]ries mu/ be made at ! close ( ! season1 rubbi% scrap$ away & manure appli$ & all[$ to /& on ! surface dur+ ! e>ly ra9s1 be+ work$ into ! soil dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,if ! soil is light1 s&y loam1 too mu* co>se mat]ial mu/ be avoid$4 ,!re=e1 well-rott$ manure is important on su* soils :ile on a heavy soil co>s] mat]ial may be us$ to advantage if appli$ e>ly 9 ! ra9y season4 ,if y h no well-rott$ manure1 a complete comm]cial f]tiliz] w give be/ results4 ,late ,applications ( ,nitrate4 ,i h "s prune trees :i* blossom$ "s "t ago & ! prunes are already set1 & ( small size4 ,w\ld y recomm5d me to use an application (1 say #ajj p\nds p] acre ( nitrate ( soda1 appli$ imm$iately1 or is x a little too late 9 ! season to get ! desir$ result8 ,x w\ld be p]fectly safe to use #ajj p\nds ( nitrate ( soda to ! acre well di/ribut$ n[2 9 fact1 y c\ld safely use twice z mu*1 b we d\bt if y w\ld get any b5efit f x unless y %\ld irrigate1 = !re is no reason to expect %[]s t w\ld h p5etrat+ p[]s en\gh to c>ry ! nitrate any appreciable di/ance into ! soil4 ,( c\rse1 ! nitrate c\ld be pl[$ or cultivat$ 9 to a consid]able dep?1 b t w\ld probably result 9 los+ moi/ure by deep op5+ or turn+1 :i* w\ld d m h>m ?an any ga9 :i* ! nitrate produces1 if x 7 to become available4 ,our judgm5t w\ld be1 !n1 t x is too late = any b5efit to accrue unless ! l& c be irrigat$4 ,*>coal is a ,m$ic9e1 ,n a ,food4 ,rec5tly a lumb]y>d burn$1 leav+ q a quantity ( *>coal4 ,i h a lot #ej x #aej feet 9 rhub>b4 ,w\ld ! *>coal be ( any s]vice on t lot z a f]tiliz]8 ,i n[ h x well f]tiliz$ ) horse manure1 b w\ld l to use ! *>coal if x w\ld be ( any mat]ial assi/ance to ! plants4 ,*>coal is ( no value z a f]tiliz]4 ,x is practically inde/ructible 9 ! soil4 ,9 fact1 !y are digg+ up n[ *>coal 9 ! graves ( anci5t ,egyptians1 :o dep>t$ ?is life five ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,*>coal has corrective influ5ce 9 absorb+ "s sub/ances :i* might make ! soil s\r or o!rwise inhospitable to plants4 ,x has be5 f\nd desirable sometimes to mix a c]ta9 am\nt ( *>coal ) soil us$ 9 pott+ plants = ! purpose ( prev5t+ su* tr\ble4 ,! only way to make y\r *>coal ( any value z a f]tiliz] w\ld be to set x on fire aga9 & ma9ta9 ! burn+ until x 0 r$uc$ to a%es1 :i* are a s\rce ( pota% &1 !re=e1 desirable1 b x w probably co/ m ?an ! product ( pota% w be wor?4 ,humus ,burn+ ,out4 ,i w\ld l to "k :e!r or n dry-pl[+ l&1 9 prep>ation = s[+ oats = hay1 injures ! soil8 ,i h he>d t dry pl[+ t5ds to we> out ! soil1 z ! soil is expos$ to ! sun a long "t be=e h>r[+4 ,i h be5 dry-pl[+ my l& to kill !1 we$s1 b _h a light crop ( hay ?is ye>4 ,!re is believ$ to be :at is call$ a burn+ out ( humus1 by long exposure ( ! soil to ! int5se heat ( our int]ior di/ricts4 ,x is probable t ! r$uction ( humus is due m to ! lack ( ef=t to ma9ta9 ! supply ?an to ! actual de/ruction ( x by culture me?ods4 ,su* a little "t z might int]v5e betwe5 dry pl[+ & s[+ c\ld n be *>g$ ) any appreciable de/ruction ( soil f]tility4 ,x is altoge!r m probable t y\r hay crop 0 less f loss ( moi/ure ?an f loss ( o!r plant food2 & x is desirable to h>r[ a dry pl[+1 n s mu* to save ! soil f ! action ( ! atmosph]e1 z to cons]ve ! moi/ure1 :i*1 z y "k1 w rise f bel[ & w rapidly be evaporat$ f ! undi/urb$ bases ( y\r furr[s4 ,!re=e1 we %\ld h>r[ a dry pl[+ z soon z practicable1 b ) p>ticul> ref]5ce to ! moi/ure supply r ?an to o!r =ms ( f]tility4 ,/raw = ,humus4 ,d y consid] /raw good to pl[ "u = humus1 & :i* k9d1 :eat1 oat1 or b>ley /raw1 is be/8 ,/raw1 by its decay 9 ! soil1 produces humus &1 !re=e acts 9 ! same way j z does ! decay ( o!r =ms ( vegetation4 ,z1 h[ev]1 /raw is less easily decompos$ ?an fre% vegetation1 x is less valuable & may be tr\blesome by acquir+ a great] am\nt ( moi/ure by int]f]+ ) cultivation or by t5d+ to dry out ! soil to ! injury ( o!r plants4 ,if ! soil is heavy & moi/ure abundant1 /raw may be desirable1 :ile 9 ! case ( a light soil & scant moi/ure1 may be injuri\s4 ,!re is no p>ticul> diff]5ce 9 ! /raw ( ! diff]5t gra9s f ?is po9t ( view4 ,! ,be/ ,legume = ,cov] ,crop4 ,:at w\ld y advise to s[ z a crop to pl[ "u8 ,:5 %\ld x be s[$1 & :5 pl[$ "u8 ,! be/ crop = gre5-manur+ 9 any locality is ! "o :i* w make ! be/ gr[? :5 surplus moi/ure is available = x1 & :5 its gr[? c be und]tak5 ) lea/ int]f]5ce ) irrigation1 cultivation & o!r or*>d op]ation4 ,g5]ally 9 ,cali=nia1 su* a crop c be mo/ conv5i5tly gr[n dur+ ! ra9y season1 b 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,/ate :]e irrigation wat] is available1 a summ] gr[? c be procur$ ) v satisfactory results2 s t we are n[ gr[+ 9 ,cali=nia bo? w9t]gr[+ legumes1 l field peas1 vet*es1 burr clov]1 etc41 :i* are h>dy en\gh to gr[ 9 spite ( ! light fro/s :i* may prevail1 & are also gr[+ summ] legumes :i* ?rive "u high temp]ature1 l c[peas & o!r memb]s ( ! bean family1 & = :i* wat] c be sp>$ )\t injury to ! fruit trees :i* %>e ! application ( ! l& ) !m4 ,! plants :i* are wor? try+ are burr clov]1 common or ,oregon vet*1 ,canadian field pea1 & ! common ,cali=nia or ,niles pea4 ,:i*ev] "o ( ^! makes ! be/ w9t] gr[? s t x c be pl[$ "u e>ly 9 ! spr+1 say 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 :ile !re is /ill pl5ty ( moi/ure 9 ! soil = its decay1 )\t robb+ ! trees or r5d]+ ! soil difficult ( summ] cultivation1 is ! plant = y to use l>gely4 ,all ^! plants %\ld be s[n 9 ,cali=nia valleys & foo?ills1 z soon z !re is moi/ure en\gh f ra9fall to w>rant y 9 believ+ !y w cat* & cont9ue to gr[4 ,if ! l& is light !y c be put 9 ) a cultivator & pl[$ "u deeply 9 ! spr+1 z /at$4 ,if ! l& is heavy1 probably a %all[ pl[+ w\ld be bett] to beg9 )4 ,c[peas = ,cov] ,crop4 ,i plant$ c[peas betwe5 pea* trees :i* ,i h kept irrigat$2 :5 %\ld !y be pl[$ "u8 ,c[peas w be kill$ by fro/ 9 mo/ places & %\ld1 !re=e1 be pl[$ 9 ?is fall :5ev] y h a l>ge gr[? ( gre5 /uff & ! gr\nd gets moi/ en\gh s t ! trees w n be endang]$ by dry+ out ( ! soil1 :i* is likely to occur aft] pl[+ 9 co>se mat]ial1 unless ! soil is kept moi/ by ra9 or o!rwise4 ,g>d5 ,peas = ,gre5 ,manure4 ,w\ld x be possible to plant ! ,york%ire ,h]o pea 9 on orange grove z late z ,decemb] #be & get a crop f ! peas8 ,w\ld ?is pea add mu* to ! f]tility ( ! soil8 ,y c s[ any g>d5 peas z late z ,decemb] #be1 if ! gr\nd is 9 good condition & ! temp]ature n too l[4 ,!y are gr[n z a w9t] crop except :5 ! gr\nd freezes4 ,y w\ld n get z mu* good = ! grove by gr[+ ^! peas = ! m>ket z y w\ld by pl[+ ! :ole gr[? "u gre51 b y c]ta9ly w get advantage f ! decomposition ( ! pea /raw & ( ! root gr[? ( ! plant4 ,grass = ,gre5 ,manur+4 ,i wi% to s[ ?is fall "s gre5 grass to be pl[$ 9 next spr+ to improve ! soil ( "p ( my l&4 ,i read = t purpose a bullet9 ,i _h f ! gov]nm5t1 b ! conditions are s diff]5t "h 9 ,cali=nia t ,i am v mu* puzzl$ :i* k9d to select4 ,!re is no grass :i* gr[s quickly en\gh to be wor? se$+ 9 ! fall = spr+ pl[+4 ,x is a good deal bett] to use a gra91 ei!r b>ley or rye1 = ! se$ is *eap1 ! gr[? quick & y c get a good deal ( gre5 /uff to pl[ "u4 ,legumes are1 ( c\rse1 bett] because ( _! ability to absorb atmosph]ic nitrog51 b any plant :i* makes a l>ge gre5 gr[? is good1 & x is bett] to h a heavy weight ( wild vegetation ?an to h a light gr[? ( an introduc$ legume4 ,manure ) a ,clov] ,crop4 ,i h an old apple or*>d 9 :i* ,i int5d to s[ burr clov]4 ,9 ord] to get ! clov] to gr[ ,i "k t ,i %all h to use f]tiliz] ( "s k9d & ?is is :at ,i want y\r advice ab\t4 ,if y c get x1 use /able manure at ! "t ( s[+ ! clov] se$4 ,/able manure alone w re/ore ! humus & ov]come ! rebelli\s behavior ( ! soil4 ,possibly y _c secure suffici5t quantities ( x4 ,9 t case a little ) ! burr clov] se$ w give ! plant a good />t1 or use a complete f]tiliz] to secure ! gr[? ( a legume 9 ! free/ & quicke/ way4 ,f5ugreek z a ,cov] ,crop4 ,f5ugreek has be5 recomm5d$ to be z a nitrog5-ga!r+ plant1 b ,i _c f9d in=mation z to ! am\nt ( nitrog5 x ga!rs 9 its roots & tops1 nor ! am\nt ( crop p] acre4 ,f5ugreek is a good nitrog5 ga!r] & is desirable = gre5 manur+ :]ev] y c get a good gr[? ( ! plant4 ,y c c\nt x wor? z mu* z peas1 vet*es1 etc41 if y c get z mu* gr[? ( ! plant4 ,x is mo/ l>gely us$ 9 ! lemon di/rict ne> ,santa ,paula4 ,! be/ way to proce$ w\ld be to try a small area ( all ! nitrog5 ga!r+ plants ( :i* y c get ! se$ easily1 & det]m9e by y\r own obs]vation :i* makes ! be/ gr[? "u y\r conditions4 ,improvem5t ( ,cem5t+ ,soils4 ,i w\ld l "s advice 9 h&l+ ! cem5ty gravel soil4 ,manure is b5eficial 9 loos5+ up ! soil1 b !re is n en\gh available4 ,w\ld ! ,canadian field pea make a satisfactory gr[? "h if s[n z soon z ! ra9s beg98 ,i w\ld try to gr[ ei!r peas or vet* & pl[ "u 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* & !n set trees or v9es on ! l&4 ,! way to mell[ y\r soil is c]ta9ly to use /able manure or to pl[ "u gre5 /uff1 z y propose4 ,?is increases ! humus :i* ! soil ne$s & imp>ts all ! desirable *>act]s & qualities :i* humus c>ries4 ,y ought to get a good gr[? ( ,canadian field peas or common ,cali=nia field peas or ! common ,oregon vet* by s[+ 9 ! fall1 z soon z ! gr\nd c be moi/5$ by ra9 or irrigation1 &1 if ! season is favorable1 secure en\gh gr[? = pl[+ "u 9 ,febru>y to make x wor? :ile4 ,be c>eful1 h[ev]1 n to def] plant+ trees & v9es too late 9 ord] to let ! gre5 /uff gr[1 because ?is w\ld haz>d ! success ( y\r plant+ by ! r$uction ( ! moi/ure supply dur+ ! foll[+ summ] by ! am\nt :i* might be requir$ to keep ! cov]$-9 /uff decay+1 plus loss ( moi/ure f ! fact t ! cov]$ /uff prev5t$ y f gett+ ?or\gh surface cultivation dur+ ! dry season4 ,= ^! reasons "o is to be c>eful ab\t plant+ on cov]$-9 /uff :i* has n _h a *ance to decay4 ,?is consid]ation1 ( c\rse1 becomes negligible if y h wat] = summ] irrigation1 b if y expect to get ! gr[? ( y\r trees & v9es ) ! ra9fall ( ! previ\s w9t]1 be c>eful n to wa/e x 9 ei!r ( ! ways :i* h be5 indicat$1 & above all1 d n plant trees & v9es too late4 ,!oretically1 y\r position is p]fect4 ,! application ( x1 h[ev]1 requires "s c>e & judgm5t4 ,r ?an plant too late1 y _h bett] gr[ ! gre5 /uff ! w9t] aft] ! trees h be5 plant$4 ,ne$s ,organic ,matt]4 ,i h :at ,i believe to be decompos$ s&/one4 ,_m rocks are /ill project+ out ( l& :i* ,i bla/ & break up4 ,! soil works freely :5 moi/ or wet1 b :5 dry x takes a pick-axe to dig x up2 a pl[ won't t\* x4 ,among my "y fruit trees ,i tri$ to gr[ peas1 beans1 c>rots & beets1 & al?\gh ,i freely irrigat$ !m dur+ ! summ] & fall1 & al?\gh ,i plant$ at diff]5t times1 my peas & beans h be5 a total failure1 & ! beets1 c>rots & onions ne>ly s4 ,= ye>s ! l& has gr[n no?+ b we$s4 ,y\r soil ne$s organic matt] :i* w\ld make x m easy ( cultivation1 m ret5tive ( moi/ure1 & 9 e way bett] suit$ to ! gr[? ( plants4 ,lib]al applications ( /able manure w\ld produce be/ effects4 ,no comm]cial f]tiliz] w\ld beg9 to be s desirable4 ,if y c dig into ! soil l>ge am\nts ( we$s or o!r vegetable wa/e mat]ial1 y w\ld be proce$+ along ! same l9e1 b /able manure is bett] on acc\nt ( its great] f]tiliz+ cont5t4 ,y ought to be ?ankful t ! soil has spunk en\gh to gr[ we$s4 ,! ,imman5t ,creator is /ill do+ ! be/ he c to help y out2 take a h& y\rself on ! same l9e4 ,two ,legumes 9 a ,ye>4 ,i h l& on :i* ,i wi% to plant to fruits1 & ,i wi% to build up ! soil all ,i c1 by plant+ cov] crops & pl[+ "u4 ,:at w\ld be ! be/ to plant ?is fall1 to be pl[$ "u next spr+1 & to plant aga9 next spr+ to pl[ "u 9 ! fall8 ,i w n be able to plant any trees be=e next fall or ! foll[+ spr+4 ,get 9 vet*es z soon z ! gr\nd is 9 %ape 9 ! fall4 ,pl[ !m "u e>ly 9 ! spr+ & close ! cov]+ & compact ! gre5 /uff by runn+ a /raight disk ov] ! gr\nd aft] pl[+4 ,?is w help decay & save moi/ure4 ,foll[ ) c[ peas z soon z y are out ( ! fro/1 disk+ 9 ! se$ s z n to di/urb ! /uff previ\sly cov]$ 94 ,d n wait to put "u ! w9t] gr[? until x is safe to put on ! c[peas1 =1 if y d1 y w lose s mu* moi/ure t ! c[peas w n am\nt to mu*4 ,h&l+ ,or*>d ,soil4 ,we av]age ab\t #ce in*es ( ra9fall4 ,) ?is heavy ra9fall1 is !re any advantage to be ga9$ by e>ly pl[+ & clean cultivation "r ?r\gh ! w9t]8 ,w\ld su* pl[+ & cultivation result 9 any s]i\s loss ( plant food8 ,w\ld y advise an e>ly or late application ( nitrog51 su* z nitrate or guano8 ,if !re is any loss f an e>ly application1 c x be det]m9$ by any means8 ,! old policy ( clean w9t] cultivation has be5 l>gely ab&on$4 ,ne>ly ev]yone is try+ to gr[ some?+ gre5 dur+ ! ra9y season to pl[ "u t[>d ! end ( x4 ,ev5 ^? :o d n s[ legumes = ?is purpose are pl[+ "u z good a we$ cov] z !y c get4 ,?is improves ! soil bo? 9 plant food & 9 friability1 :i* promotes summ] pulv]ization & saves moi/ure f summ] evaporation4 ,mu* less e>ly pl[+ is done ?an =m]ly unless x be %all[ to get 9 ! se$ = ! cov] crop2 ! deep] pl[+ be+ done to put x "u4 ,guano c be appli$ e>li] 9 ! w9t] ?an nitrate1 :i* c be turn$ 9 ) ! cov] crop1 :ile ! =m] may be s[n ) ! se$ to promote ! w9t] gr[?4 ,:e!r y are los+ y\r nitrate or n ! *emi/ might det]m9e = y by be=e-&-aft] analyses4 ,if y are a good obs]v] y may detect loss by abs5ce ( ! effects y desire to secure4 ,soak+ ,se$s4 ,d y ?9k x a good practice to soak se$s be=e plant+8 ,x is m desirable ) "s se$s ?an o!rs & :5 ! gr\nd is r dry or ! s[+ "t r late1 ?an :5 s[+ 9 moi/] gr\nd or e>li] 9 ! ra9y season1 :5 heavy ra9s are to be expect$4 ,soak+ is simply a way to be sure t ! se$ cov]+ has ample moi/ure = s(t5+ & ! k]nel has :at x requires = awak5+ x g]m & meet+ its ne$s4 ,! soil may n always h en\gh to sp>e = ^! purposes & g]m9ation may be delay$ or />t$ & arre/$4 ,ord9>ily se$s c be help$ by soak+ a few h\rs 9 wat] at ord9>y temp]atures4 ,"s v h>d se$s l ^? ( acacia trees1 etc41 are help$ by hot wat] - ev5 ne> ! boil+ po9t4 ,irrigat+ ,palms4 ,my palms are q small1 b !y d n seem to gr[2 !y seem to be dry+ up4 ,! gr[? ( palms is proportional to ! am\nt ( soil moi/ure available1 provid+ x is n 9 excess & n too alkal9e4 ,"s palms are q dr\?-resi/+1 b x is a mi/ake to ?9k ( a palm z a des]t plant & try to make a des]t = x4 ,a "y palm1 especially1 ne$s regul> & ample wat] supply until x gets well e/abli%$4 ,y\r plants may be dry+ up1 or !y may h _h too mu* fro/ or too mu* alkali4 ,if !y are n too f> gone1 !y w come out lat] if y give !m regul> moi/ure & cultivation4 ,wat] f ,wells or ,/reams4 ,"o ( our neighbors insi/s t wat] f a well is1 9 ! long run1 v h>d on ! l&1 & t irrigation wat] is mu* to be pref]r$4 ,!re is no *>act]i/ic & p]man5t diff]5ce betwe5 wat]s f wells & wat]s f /reams s f> z irrigation is conc]n$4 ,! "* dep5ds ^u ! s\rces f :i* bo? are d]iv$4 ,"s wells may c>ry too mu* m9]al matt] 9 ! =m ( salt1 alkali1 etc41 & "s /ream wat]s sometimes c>ry consid]able alkali4 ,= ?is reason "s wells may be bett] ?an /reams & "s /reams bett] ?an wells4 ,!re is no g5]al rule 9 ! matt]4 ,y\r neighbor may be "r z appli$ to y\r location1 & may "k f 8 exp]i5ce t ! well wat] c>ries too mu* undesirable mat]ial4 ,t c\ld only be det]m9$ by analysis1 & ! analysis mu/ be made :5 ! wat] is r l[1 because dur+ ! ra9y season1 or soon aft] x1 ! wat] may h less m9]al impurity ?an lat] 9 ! season :5 x may be m conc5trat$4 ,%all ,he ,irrigate or ,cultivate8 ,our soil is ( an excell5t quality1 & ,i feel if ! moi/ure 7 prop]ly cons]v$ by suitable me?ods x c\ld be made to produce fruits or "s o!r v mu* m pr(itable ?an f hay & gra9 crops4 ,:e!r y c gr[ decidu\s fruits successfully )\t irrigation dep5ds n only ^u h[ well y cons]ve ! moi/ure by cultivation1 b also :e!r ! total ra9fall conveys wat] en\gh1 ev5 if z mu* z possible ( x is cons]v$4 ,aga91 y might f9d t ?or\gh cultivation w give y satisfactory "y trees1 b w\ld n cons]ve moi/ure en\gh = ! same trees :5 !y come into be>+4 ,?is proposition %\ld be /udi$ locally4 ,if y c f9d trees 9 ! vic9ity :i* d give satisfactory fruit "u ! ra9fall1 y w\ld h a practical demon/ration :i* w\ld be m tru/wor?y ?an any =eca/ :i* c\ld be prep>$ ^u !oretical gr\nds4 ,cond5sation = ,irrigation4 ,if a circul> funnel ( wat]pro($ build+ pap]1 or "s bett] *eap device1 7 fa/5$ ab\t ! base ( ! tree 9 su* a mann] z to cat* & conc5trate mo/ ( ! dripp+s f ! leaves1 & t wat] made to run d[n ?r\gh a tube lead+ a suitable dep? into ! e>?1 x seems to me t ! numb] ( foggy nights t occur 9 _m localities dur+ ! season might ?us supply ample wat] = a tree's ne$s4 ,! probability is t wat] w\ld n be secur$ 9 suffici5t quantities to s]ve any notable irrigation purposes1 or if ! fogs 7 s ?ick z to yield wat] en\gh1 ! sun%9e w\ld be too scant = ! success ( ! plant4 ,put y\r idea to ! te/ & see h[ mu* wat] y c\ld get f a tree ( def9ite leaf area1 :i* c\ld be readily e/imat$4 ,w9t] ,irrigation4 ,la/ ,may ,i irrigat$ my prune trees = ! fir/ "t1 aga9 dur+ ! fir/ two weeks ( la/ ,decemb]4 ,if no ra9 %\ld come )9 ! next two weeks1 w\ld y advise me to irrigate !n8 ,%\ld ,i pl[ be=e irrigat+1 or %\ld irrigation be done be=e ! buds swell8 ,unless y\r gr\nd is deeply wet d[n by ! ra9s :i* are n[ com+1 irrigate x once1 & d n pl[ be=e irrigat+4 ,! po9t is to get z mu* wat] into ! gr\nd & z mu* grass gr[? on top z y c be=e ! spr+ pl[+4 ,nev] m9d ab\t ! swell+ ( ! buds4 ,! trees w n be affect$ injuri\sly by gett+ a good supply ( w9t] wat] into ! soil4 ,!re might be "s dang] ) trees :i* bloom late 9 ! spr+1 l citrus trees or olives1 because by t "t ! gr\nd has become w>m & ! roots v active4 ,at ! bloom+ "t ( decidu\s trees less dang] w\ld ?reat51 because !re is less diff]5ce betwe5 ! temp]ature ( ! gr\nd & ! wat] :i* y 7 !n apply+ f a runn+ /ream4 ,if y irrigat$ 9 furr[s &1 !re=e1 did n collect ! wat] 9 mass1 its temp]ature w\ld rise by contact ) air1 :i* w\ld be ano!r reason = n appreh5d+ tr\ble f x4 ,h[ ,mu* ,wat] = ,oranges8 ,h[ mu* wat] w\ld y consid] absolutely necess>y to c>ry to full-be>+ citrus trees an clay loam-t is1 h[ _m acres to a m9]'s in*1 figur+ n9e gallons p] m9ute to ! in*8 ,x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 dep5d ^u ! age ( ! trees1 z old be>+ trees may require twice z mu* z "y trees4 ,we w\ld e/imate = be>+ trees1 on su* ret5tive soil1 #cj-;acre in*es p] ye> appli$ 9 ! way be/ = ! soil4 ,damp+-(f4 ,my orange se$-b$ /ack has damp-(f4 ,same say too mu* wat]2 n en\gh wat]2 put on lime2 etc4 ,i use a m$ium am\nt ( wat] & m ( my /ack is affect$ ?an t ( any o!r gr[]4 ,"o man has kept 8 well soak$ s9ce plant+1 & only ab\t six plants 7 affect$4 ,ano!r has us$ b little wat]1 keep+ !m v dry2 he has lo/ none4 ,damp+-(f is due to a fungus :i* attacks ! t5d] gr[? :5 !re is too mu* surface moi/ure4 ,x may be produc$ by r a small am\nt ( wat]1 provid+ ! soil is heavy & ! wat] is n rapidly absorb$ & di/ribut$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a light] soil tak+ wat] m easily may gr[ plants )\t damp+-(f1 ev5 ?\gh a great deal m wat] has be5 us$ ?an on ! heavi] soil4 ,too mu* %ade1 :i* prev5ts ! sun f dry+ ! surface soil1 is also likely to produce damp+-(f1 !re=e1 "o has to provide j ! "r am\nt ( %ade & ! "r am\nt ( v5tilation ?r\gh circulation ( ! air1 etc4 ,! use ( s& on ! surface ( a heavi] soil may save plants f damp+-(f1 because ! s& passes ! wat] quickly & dries1 :ile a heavi] surface soil w\ld rema9 soggy4 ,lime may be ( advantage if n us$ 9 too great quantities because x dis9tegrates ! surface ( ! soil & helps to produce a dryness :i* is desirable4 ,keep+ ! surface dry en\gh & yet provid+ ! se$l+s ) moi/ure = a free & satisfactory gr[? is a matt] :i* mu/ be det]m9$ by exp]i5ce & good judgm5t4 ,irrigat$ or ,non-,irrigat$ ,trees4 ,is !re any diff]5ce betwe5 ! same k9d ( fruit trees gr[n )\t irrigation & ) x8 ,x does n make a p>ticle ( diff]5ce1 if ! trees are gr[n well & matur$ well4 ,ov]irrigat$ trees or trees gr[+ on l& naturally moi/ may be equally bad4 ,excessively l>ge trees & /unt$ trees are bo? bad2 ) irrigation y may be m likely to get ! fir/ k9d2 )\t x y are m likely to get ! latt]4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a diff]5ce betwe5 a /unt$ tree & a wellgr[n small tree1 & z a rule m$ium-siz$ trees are mo/ desirable ?an ov]gr[n trees4 ,! m]e fact ( irrigation does n make ei!r good trees or bad trees3 x is ! man at ! dit*4 ,too ,little ,r ,?an ,too ,mu* ,wat]4 ,look+ ?r\gh an or*>d ( #ah-ye>-old prune trees on riv]bottom l&1 ,i f\nd a numb] ( ! trees _h di$4 ,a well bor$ 9 ! or*>d /rikes wat] at ab\t #ae feet4 ,i f9d no app>5t reason f> ! dea? ( ^! trees unless x is t ! tap roots rea* ?is body ( wat] & are injuri\sly affect$ !reby4 ,we d n believe t wat] at #ae feet dep? c\ld possibly kill a prune tree4 ,x is m likely t ow+ to spott$ condition ( ! soil1 gravel %\ld occur 9 diff]5t places1 & ) gravel ?ree or f\r feet bel[ ! surface a tree might actually die al?\gh !re 0 pl5ty ( wat] at a dep? ( #ae feet4 ,!re is m dang] t ! trees di$ f lack ( wat] ?an f an ov]supply ( x1 & x is q likely also t y c\ld pump & irrigate to advantage l>ge trees :i* did n seem to be up to ! /&>d ( ! :ole place1 z manife/$ by lack ( be>+1 smallness ( leaves1 :i* w\ld be apt to turn yell[ too e>ly 9 ! season4 ,possibly ,too ,mu* ,wat]4 ,my trees are f\r ye>s old & are z foll[s3 ,pea*1 fig1 loquat1 apple1 apricot & plum4 ,la/ ye> !y _h pl5ty ( blossoms1 b ,i got no fruit4 ,i always wat]$ !m twice a week 9 summ]4 ,y are wat]+ y\r trees too mu*2 /imulat+ _! gr[? too mu*1 & ?is1 :ile a tree is "y1 is apt to po/pone its fruit be>+4 ,give ! soil a good soak+ ab\t once a m\?1 unless y are situat$ 9 a s&y or gravelly soil1 9 :i* m frequ5t applications may be necess>y4 ,too ,little ,wat] ,aft] ,dynamit+4 ,9 plant+ almonds on a dry h>d soil ,i dynamit$ ! holes & ran ab\t #bjj gallons ( wat] into ea* hole be=e plant+4 ,ab\t #ie p] c5t ( ! trees />t$ gr[?1 b seem n[ to be 9 a some:at dormant /ate1 ! leaves ( "s be+ slightly wilt$4 ,all ! trees 7 wat]$ s9ce plant+4 ,i h be5 told ,i made a mi/ake by ?r[+ wat] 9 ! dynamit$ holes4 ,:5 ! holes 7 wat]$ ! gr\nd 0 v dry & ! wat] disappe>$ 9 a few m9utes4 ,y h us$ too little wat] r ?an too mu*4 ,dry soil ( f9e texture c suck up an awful lot ( moi/ure1 :i* c be drawn (f s f>1 or s widely di/ribut$1 t !re w n be en\gh = ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! roots4 ,! dynamit+ t5d$ to deep dry+ & necessitat$ mu* m irrigation4 ,irrigat+ ,"y ,trees4 ,we h j put out #ej acres to walnuts4 ,! p>ty :o put !m out wants me to h "s boxes or tr\ghs made #ae in*es long ) a #c-;in* op5+1 & put 9 on ! slant s z to h ! wat] hit ! roots4 ,_m su* arrangem5ts ( boxes1 p]=at$ cans1 pieces ( tile1 etc41 h be5 propos$ dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s 9 ,cali=nia = accompli%+ ! purposes :i* are m5tion$ 9 y\r lett]1 & all su* devices h be5 ab&on$ z undesirable4 ,!y may br+ ! wat] to be> ^u a l[] level z int5d$1 b ! free access ( air & ! fact t1 ) _! use1 prop] /irr+ ( ! soil is neglect$ r5d]s !m undesirable4 ,! be/ way to wat] "y trees s+ly is to make a tr5* ar\nd tree1 b n all[+ ! wat] to t\* ! b>k1 apply+ ! wat] & !n ?or\ghly hoe :5 ! surface soil comes into prop] condition4 ,"y trees treat$ 9 ?is way1 ) ! surface always 9 good condition1 d n require mu* wat]4 ,! am\nt dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 ^u :e!r ! soil is naturally por\s or ret5tive4 ,und]gr\nd ,irrigation4 ,h[ ext5sively us$ & ) :at results is ! und]gr\nd tile sy/em = irrigation us$1 & :at especial "* ( soil is x be/ suit$ =8 ,n ext5sively at all2 9 fact1 if !re is an acre ( x :i* has be5 = ?ree ye>s 9 cont9u\s & successful op]ation1 x has escap$ u4 ,aft] =ty ye>s ( trial ( diff]5t sy/ems1 none has demon/rat$ value en\gh to w>rant its use4 ,!oretically1 !y are excell5t2 9 practice !y are defective4 ,surface application 9 diff]5t ways1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil1 accompani$ ) ?or\gh cultivation1 is ! only ?+ t at ! pres5t "t promises satisfactory results1 except t :]e ! l& suits x1 irrigation by und]fl[ f dit*es on high] elevations is be+ successfully us$ on small areas 9 ! foo?ills4 ,= g>d5s ! mo/ promis+ arrangem5t seems to be a lay+ ( dra9 tiles r ne> ! surface1 :i* %all be tak5 up ea* ye>1 clean$ ( silt & plant roots1 & relaid along ! r[s be=e plant+2 b ?is calls = too mu* labor1 except p]haps = amateur g>d5]s4 ,! k9d ( soil be/ suit$ to su* a sy/em is a m$ium loam :i* w di/ribute wat] suffici5tly to avoid saturation & air-exclusion4 ,bo? a heavy soil :i* does ?is1 & a co>se s&y loam :i* takes wat] d[n out ( rea* ( %all[-root+ plants too rapidly & lacks capill>ity to draw x up aga91 are ill adapt$ to und]gr\nd di/ribution4 ,irrigation ( ,potatoes4 ,w y k9dly tell me :5 is ! prop] "t to irrigate potatoes1 be=e !y bloom or aft] !y bloom1 & d !y require mu* wat]8 ,x %\ld seldom be necess>y to irrigate potatoes aft] ! bloom appe>s4 ,potatoes d n ne$ mu* wat]1 & !re is dang] ( giv+ !m too mu*4 ,x is absolutely ess5tial to see t !re is no *eck 9 ! gr[? ( ! plant1 = once ! gr[? is at all *eck$ by dr\ght1 & irrigation is done1 a new lot ( potatoes />t & new & old gr[? ( tub]s are wor?less4 ,give :at irrigation is ne$$ & make cultivation d ! re/4 ,! secret ( success is keep+ ! soil cont9ually at ! "r moi/ure1 s t ! fir/ gr[? ( ! plant may cont9ue regul>ly until ! tub]s are br\ght to maturity4 ,irrigat$ or ,non-,irrigat$ ,apples4 ,:]e soil & climatic conditions are favorable to ! rais+ ( apples1 :at effect has irrigation an !m8 ,! comm]cial product ( ,cali=nia apples is *iefly made ^u deep soils 9 di/ricts ( ample ra9fall s t ! fruit c be p]fect$ & ! trees ma9ta9$ 9 ?rift by ?or\gh cultivation & )\t irrigation4 ,9 ! foo?ill & m\nta9 regions1 h[ev]1 apple trees are irrigat$ & fir/-class fruit produc$ by ! process4 ,!re is no p>ticul> virtue 9 ! abs5ce ( irrigation nor 9 ! pres5ce ( x4 ,all t ! tree requires is t ! moi/ure supply %\ld be adequate & timely4 ,!re are und\bt$ly _m apple or*>ds gr[n )\t irrigation :]e a little wat] dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! summ] w\ld be a great advantage = ! p]fection ( w9t] v>ieties4 ,irrigat+ ,walnuts-,*ecks or ,furr[s4 ,:i* is ! be/ me?od to irrigate a tract ( #be acres ( s&y s$im5t sail1 ne>ly level1 prep>atory to plant+ walnuts8 ,by all means use ! furr[ sy/em ( irrigation unless y\r l& %\ld be s light t ! wat] w\ld s9k 9 ! furr[s & di/ribution w\ld be v unequal )\t cov]+ ! :ole surface z is done by fill+ *ecks4 ,:5 ! l& _c be cov]$ well by ! furr[ sy/em1 *eck+ is resort$ to1 b n o!rwise4 ,summ] & ,fall ,irrigation4 ,is x desirable to irrigate pea* trees 9 ! fall aft] ! crop is ga!r$8 ,! popul>ity ( autumn irrigation = pea*es 9 ! ,san ,joaqu9 valley is bas$ ^u ! exp]i5ce ( ! la/ few ye>s :]e trees t h be5 all[$ to become dormant too e>ly 9 ! season & h be5 weak5$ by a long p]iod ( soil-dr\ght dur+ ! autumn1 h ca/ _! blossoms or manife/$ o!r indications ( weakness dur+ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,x is ?or\ghly rational to apply irrigation to hold ! leaves & secure _! s]vice 9 ! /r5g!n+ ( bloom buds = ! foll[+ ye> by irrigation4 ,su* irrigation %\ld be appli$ imm$iately aft] ! fruit is ga!r$ or ev5 be=e t1 if ! yell[+ ( ! leaves indicates lack ( /r5g? 9 ! tree & ! frequ5cy & am\nt ( irrigation dur+ ! autumn dep5ds ^u :e!r ! soil w hold moi/ure en\gh to c>ry ! tree to its prop] p]iod ( dormancy4 ,?is may be det]m9$ by ! aspect ( ! trees & by digg+ d[n two or ?ree feet to see :e!r ! soil c>ries moi/ure :i* is likely to be suffici5t until ! com+ ( ! ra9s4 ,:e!r late irrigation w be necess>y is also det]m9able by ! "* ( ! soil2 on close ret5tive soil x may n be necess>y1 :ile on loose1 s&y or gravelly soil x may be ess5tial to ! life ( ! tree4 ,"o has to settle all ^! matt]s by judgm5t & n by recipe4 ,f]tiliz]s 9 ,irrigation ,wat]4 ,d y recomm5d putt+ f]tiliz]s 9 irrigat+ wat]8 ,i am ab\t to wat] ! or*>d & am ?9k+ ( putt+ "s nitrate 9 ! wat]4 ,y c di/ribute any soluble f]tiliz] by dissolv+ x 9 irrigation wat]1 b few h ev] done x because ( ! difficulties ( gett+ equal /r5g? 9 runn+ wat]4 ,x is mu* easi] to di/ribute on l& be=e irrigation4 ,irrigat+ ,alfalfa on ,heavy ,soils4 ,h[ does alfalfa succe$ on adobe & soils slightly modifi$ f x8 ,does irrigation "w well an adobe plant$ to alfalfa8 ,if y get ! irrigation adju/$ s t ! soil %all n be wat]-logg$ & s t ! wat] does n /& on ! surface :5 ! sun is hot1 y c get pl5ty ( good alfalfa on a heavy soil4 ,irrigation on adobe soils mu/ be done m frequ5tly & a less am\nt at ea* application to gu>d aga9/ ! dang]s nam$ above4 ,h[ ,mu* ,wat] = ,crops8 ,same ( my l& is heavy b ! mo/ ( x is light soil4 ,i want alfalfa mo/ly1 same potatoes & gra91 & lat] oranges1 olives & o!r fruit4 ,h[ mu* wat] 9 in*es or acre feet is requir$ p] acre p] ye> f> ! irrigation ( x8 ,! am\nt ( wat] requir$ to gr[ diff]5t crops dep5ds ^u ! crop itself1 ^u ! "t ( ! ye> 9 :i* x gr[s1 ! "* ( ! soil1 etc4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z /at+ h[ mu* wat] w\ld be us$ = all crops on all soils1 & at all times ( ! ye>4 ,! range w\ld be f1 say1 t5 acre in*es = irrigation ( decidu\s fruits1 :i* ne$ moi/ure supplem5t>y to ra9fall2 twice or ?rice z mu* = citrus fruit trees2 f\r or five times z mu* = alfalfa :]e a full numb] ( cutt+s are requir$4 ,^! are1 ( c\rse1 only r\gh e/imates :i* w\ld h to be modifi$ accord+ to local ra9fall & soil "*4 ,wat] %\ld be appli$ frequ5tly en\gh to keep ! l[] soil amply moi/4 ,a color ( moi/ure is n en\gh & a muddy condition results f too mu* wat]4 ,"o has to le>n to judge :5 !re is moi/ure en\gh1 & a good te/ ( ?is to take up a h&ful ( soil1 squeeze x & op5 ! h&4 ,if ! ball reta9s its %ape x is probably moi/ en\gh4 ,if x has a t5d5cy to crack ^u op5+ ! h&1 x is too dry4 ,?is te/1 ( c\rse1 is some:at affect$ by ! "* ( ! soil1 b "o has to =m ! be/ judgm5t possible h[ f> all[ance has to be made = t4 ,sewage ,irrigation4 ,:at is ! usefulness or h>mfulness ( ! outfl[ f septic tanks = use an fruits & vegetables8 ,!re is no "q z to ! suitability ( ! afflu5t f a septic tank = irrigation purposes4 ,wa/e wat]s are sometimes injuri\s :5 !y are load$ ) antiseptics1 b ! septic tank w n "w unless x has a *ance = free f]m5tation 9 ! abs5ce ( antiseptics1 !re=e1 ?is objection aga9/ wa/e wat] does n hold ) ! out-fl[ f septic tanks4 ,x has ! advantage ov] /raight sewage irrigation because f]m5tation 9 ! septic tank is believ$ to free ! wat] f _m dang]\s g]ms1 ?\gh n all ( !m4 ,cream]y ,wa/es = ,irrigation4 ,w ! wa/e wat] f a cream]y1 pump$ into a dit* & us$ = irrigat+ s&y loam or*>d l&1 or nurs]y /ack1 9 any way be injuri\s to ! l& or ! trees8 ,x w dep5d ^u ! am\nts ( salt & alkal9e wa%+ mat]ials :i* x c>ries4 ,?is w\ld be gov]n$1 ( c\rse1 by ! am\nt ( fre% wat] us$ = dilution 9 ! irrigation dit*4 ,!re are two ways to det]m9e ! "q4 ,"o w\ld be to make an analysis ( a sample ( ! wat] tak5 :5 x conta9s ! l>ge/ am\nt ( ^! mat]ials aft] ! dilution ) dit* wat]4 ,ano!r way w\ld be to plant "s corn1 squa%es1 b>ley & o!r plants1 s t !y w\ld be freely irrigat$ by ! wat] dur+ "o gr[+ season4 ,?is w\ld be r bett] ?an an analysis1 because ev]ybody c\ld see :e!r ! plants grew well or n1 & w\ld be apt to be bett] conv9c$ by :at !y see ?an by an op9ion :i* a *emi/ might give on ! basis ( an analysis4 ,! use ( ?is wat] on a s&y loam w\ld obvi\sly be less injuri\s ?an ^u a heavy ret5tive soil4 ,h\se ,wa/e ,wat]4 ,is x feasible to use wa% wat]1 etc41 = wat]+ fruit trees & vegetables8 ,kit*5 s9k wat] is n desirable because ( its great cont5t ( grease1 b wa%-tub & ba?tub wat] are good4 ,/rong soapsuds %\ld be mix$ ) consid]able r9s+ wat] to escape excessive cont5t ( alkali4 ,run ! wat] 9 hoe-dit*es1 along ! r[s ( vegetables1 hoe+ ?or\ghly z soon z ! l& hoes well1 *ang+ ! runs ( wat] s t ! soil does n become compact$ b is kept friable & lively4 ,dra9+ a ,wet ,spot4 ,i h a spot ( ab\t an acre t 9 a wet w9t] becomes v miry & z a rule is wet up to ,july4 ,c ,i put 9 a dit* two & "o-half feet deep & fill 9 ) small /ones = a foot or a foot & a half1 until ,i c af=d to buy tiles8 ,dra9s made ( small /ones are (t5 quickly fill$ ) soil & /op runn+4 ,h[ev]1 x w "w = a "t1 & su* dra9s 7 =m]ly l>gely employ$ 9 ,ea/]n situations :5 ca% 0 scant & /ones abundant4 ,dig ! dit* bottom to a dep? ( n less ?an #c or #c #a_/b feet1 !n put 9 ! /ones deep en\gh n to be int]f]$ ) by pl[+4 ,if y h flat /ones y c make q a wat]-way ) !m & fill 9 ) small /ones above x4 ,"p ,v4 ,live ,/ock & ,dairy ,legal ,milk ,h\se4 ,:at is a legal milk h\se 9 ,cali=nia8 ,! ,/ate dairy law says little conc]n+ ! con/ruction or equipm5t ( ! milk h\se4 ,x says t ! h\se1 or room1 %all be prop]ly scre5$ to exclude flies & insects1 & is to be us$ = ! purpose ( cool+1 mix+1 cann+ & keep+ ! milk4 ,! milk room %all n be us$ = any o!r purpose ?an milk h&l+ & /or+1 & mu/ be #ajj feet or m di/ant f hogp51 horse /able1 cesspool or simil> accumulation ( fil?1 & mu/ be ov] #ej feet f c[ /alls or places :]e milk+ is done4 ,9 reg>d to ! size ( ! milk room & equipm5t1 no?+ is said provid$ x is l>ge en\gh = ! milk to be h&l$ conv5i5tly4 ,concrete milk h\ses1 h[ev]1 _h be/ h smoo?-f9i%$ floors & walls4 ,! int]ior ( ! milk h\se is also to be :itewa%$ once 9 two ye>s or (t5]4 ,if milk f ! dairy is to g to a city1 ! requirem5ts w be m sev]e ?an provid$ 9 ! ,/ate law1 & mu/ con=m to ! ord9ances ( ! city to :i* ! milk is to be s5t4 ,cure = a ,self-,milk]4 ,:at %all ,i d = a "y c[ t milks h]self8 ,fit a h>ness consi/+ ( two light side slats & a gir? & neck /rap 9 su* a way t ! c[ _c rea* h] udd]4 ,unless %e is p>ticul>ly valuable = milk1 x w save y a lot ( worry to fix h] up = beef4 ,/rong ,milk4 ,h[ c ,i ov]come /rong milk 9 a ?ree-qu>t] ,j]sey c[8 ,i _h be5 fe$+ alfalfa hay ) two qu>ts alfalfa meal & "o qu>t middl+s twice a day4 ,?9k+ ! /rong milk came f ! fe$ ,i *ang$ to oat hay & alfalfa ) a s(t fe$ ( bran & middl+s4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ei!r ration t c\ld cause /rong milk1 nor w a *ange ( fe$ likely b5efit ! tr\ble4 ,if ! c[ is 9 good physical condition ! tr\ble probably comes f ! entrance ( bact]ia dur+ or aft] milk+4 ,?or\ghly clean up ar\nd ! milk+ /able1 foll[$ by a dis9fection ( ! premises4 ,h ! flanks1 udd] & teats ( ! c[ ?or\ghly clean$ be=e milk+ & scald all ut5sils us$ = ! milk4 ,h>mful bact]ia may h gott5 well e/abli%$ on ! premises & ! entrance ( a few is en\gh to s]i\sly affect ! flavor ( ! milk4 ,once ! tr\ble is *eck$ x c be kept d[n ) ! usual sanit>y me?ods4 ,sep>ator z ,milk ,purifi]4 ,i h a neighbor :o cont5ds t a cream sep>ator purifies ! milk t passes ?r\gh x4 ,i say t x does n purify ! milk4 ,i agree t x does take out "s ( ! heavy p>ticles ( dirt & fil?1 b t x _c take out :at is already 9 solution ) ! milk4 ,! purification naturally _c be v great1 & if milk is produc$ 9 unsanit>y fa%ion1 runn+ ?r\gh ! sep>ator w d little1 if any1 good4 ,nev]!less1 ! sep>ator does remove m ?an j ! solid p>ticles ( dirt4 ,! purify+ comes by leav+ beh9d ! sep>ator slime1 s call$1 ! slimy mat]ial left beh9d aft] a good deal ( milk has be5 run ?r\gh4 ,9 fact1 "s cream]ies sep>ate milk1 only to mix milk & cream aga91 l>gely = ! purpose ( remov+ ! impurities f\nd 9 ! slime4 ,9 ?is slime are n only ! impurities t fall into ! milk1 b also "s ( ! fibr\s matt] t is "p ( ! milk1 & ?is ga!rs1 be+ pull$ out by gravity z are ! fat p>ticles1 x seems to ga!r ) x a few m bact]ia ?an rema9 9 ! milk itself4 ,mat]ial 9 real solution1 z sug> is 9 solution 9 wat]1 naturally is practically unaffect$ by sep>ation4 ,y are1 !re=e1 "r to ! ext5t t y _c produce unsanit>y milk & clean x ) ! sep>ator1 b y\r neighbor is "r to ! ext5t t ! sep>ator does remove "s impurities & is us$ j = t purpose4 ,!re is also 9 ! dairy trade a c5trifugal milk cl>ifi] :i* is con/ruct$ 9 some:at simil> mann] to a cream sep>ator1 b acts diff]5tly on ! milk 9 n int]f]+ ) cream ris+ by gravity :5 sep>at$ cream & milk are mix$ aft] clean+4 ,butt] ,go+ ,:ite4 ,i b\ght "s butt] & dur+ ! w>m wea!r x melt$4 ,ab\t #dj or #ej p] c5t 0 :ite1 :ile ! balance 0 yell[ & w5t to ! top4 ,:5 ! butt] remelt$1 ! yell[ portion melt$1 leav+ ! :ite portion reta9+ its %ape4 ,! :ite portion did n ta/e l ord9>y butt]4 ,! butt] made f our c[s' cream melt$ at a high] temp]ature1 b did n h a :ite portion4 ,:y did our butt] n act l ! cream]y butt]8 ,samples ( butt] h occasionally be5 s5t to ?is (fice t h turn$ :ite on ! outside1 & s9ce ! :ite "p has a v disagreeable1 tall[y flavor1 p ?9k t tall[ or oleom>g>9e has be5 mix$ ) x1 b we h nev] be5 able to f9d any =eign sub/ance 9 any ( ! samples4 ,we h f\nd t "s ( ! be/ br&s ( butt] w turn :ite fir/ on ! outside & ! :ite color w gradually g deep] if ! butt] is expos$ to a curr5t ( air or if left 9 ! sun a %ort "t - ,f4 ,w4 ,&reason1 ,/ate ,dairy ,bureau4 ,:at ,is ,butt]-fat8 ,i w\ld l to "k :at butt]-fat means4 ,i h ask$ f>m]s ?is "q & no "o seems to "k4 ,i suppose all p>ties deal+ ) cream]ies und]/& :at ! /&>d ( measure or weight ( butt]-fat is1 b x is my guess t !re are ?\s&s ( f>m]s :om1 if !y 7 ask$ ?is "q1 w\ld n "k4 ,we1 ( c\rse1 "k t butt] is sold by ! p\nd & cream by ! p9t1 qu>t or gallon1 b :at is butt]-fat sold by8 ,butt]-fat is ! yell[ sub/ance :i* =ms ! l>g] "p ( butt]4 ,besides1 ?is fat butt] is compos$ ( #af p] c5t or less ( wat] & small am\nts ( salt1 & o!r sub/ances ( :i* milk is compos$4 ,f #hj to #he p] c5t or s ( ord9>y butt] is ! fat itself4 ,x is sold by weight4 ,! cream f :i* butt] is made is tak5 to ! cream]y & weigh$1 n measur$4 ,a small sample is te/$ by ! s-call$ ,babcock te/ to det]m9e ! exact p]c5tage ( fat1 & paym5t mode on ?is basis4 ,= in/ance1 if #a1jj p\nds ( cream is "o-?ird butt]-fat1 ! dairyman receives pay = #cc #a_/c p\nds ( ?is sub/ance4 ,if x is only "o-qu>t] fat1 he receives pay = #be p\nds4 ,ord9>y cream v>ies )9 ^! limits1 b may be mu* ri*] or ?9n]4 ,cream aft] ! butt]fat is remov$ is mu* l skimm$ milk1 al?\gh x has less wat] 9 x4 ,:y ,w\ld ,n ,butt] ,come8 ,:at is ! tr\ble ) cream t y *urn on f ,monday until ,saturday1 !n h to give up 9 despair & turn x out to ! hogs8 ,we w>m$ x1 & we cool$ x1 & us$ a dairy !rmomet]1 b no?+ w\ld d4 ,if ! cream 0 9 *urnable condition o!rwise1 ! probability is t x 0 too cool :5 y />t$ *urn+4 ,x %\ld be ab\t #fb ,fahr5heit4 ,dry+ a ,p]si/5t ,milk]4 ,my c[ is to come fre% ab\t ! middle ( next m\?1 & 9 ! la/ two weeks h] milk has *ang$ 9 "s way s t ! cream makes v yell[ butt] & comes to butt] ne>ly z quick z :5 ! c[ 0 fre%4 ,w\ld x be/ = h] to g entirely dry be=e com+ fre%1 or w x be all "r if %e does n entirely dry up8 ,if y\r c[ has be5 able to pick up any special am\nt ( grass s9ce ! ra9s came x might add to ! color ( ! butt]4 ,a c['s milk also gets ri*] t[>d ! end ( h] lactation p]iod1 :i* may make a ri*] cream & make ! butt] come quickly ,!re does n seem to be any?+ to worry ab\t4 ,! c[ w\ld probably d bett] if %e c\ld become entirely dry be=e calv+1 b unless y c easily dry h] up x w\ld be dang]\s to try to =ce h] to d s4 ,butt]-fat 9 ,sweet & ,s\r ,cream4 ,! cream]y wagon takes our cream e o!r day4 ,)\t ice x is almo/ impossible to keep ! cream sweet dur+ ! hot wea!r4 ,by ! "t ! wagon gets "h1 sev]al h\rs aft] ! f\r? milk+1 ! cream is q s\r4 ,does s\r cream te/ l[] ?an sweet cream6 ,is any butt]-fat lo/ due to evaporation 9 dry wea!r8 ,! te/ ( s\r cream w be z accurate z ( sweet cream1 if prop]ly made1 b x is r m difficult to make2 or r1 to get ! mat]ial into condition to "w well4 ,!re is no fat lo/ by evaporation4 ,cream ,t ,won't ,:ip4 ,:5 ,i sell my cream f ! sep>ator !y say !y _c :ip x4 ,c y tell me if !re is any way t ,i c make ! cream :ip8 ,!re appe>s to be no good reason = blam+ ! sep>ator = y\r difficulty ) ! cream4 ,possibly ! cream may be too ?91 z ?9 cream is sometimes difficult to :ip4 ,!re is also ! possibility t ! fat globules 9 ! cream may be r small1 b t w be ! fault ( ! c[s1 n ( ! sep>ator4 ,ano!r reason :y ! cream may n :ip well may be t x is us$ too quickly4 ,if ! milk is all "r1 ! cream n too ?9 & x is p]mitt$ to /& = #ab h\rs or s !re %\ld be no tr\ble ) x4 ,occasionally :5 cream is pa/euriz$ x w n :ip well4 ,9 ^! cases1 or any o!r t may develop1 ! application ( lime wat] to ! cream at ! rate ( #a gallon to #fj w remove ! difficulty4 ,:at ,is ,c]tifi$ ,milk8 ,:at process has milk to g ?r\gh to be call$ c]tifi$1 & :at dem& is !re = x8 ,c]tifi$ milk is simply milk t is produc$ & m>ket$ "u prescrib$ sanit>y conditions4 ,! dairies are inspect$ p]iodically by repres5tatives ( "s m$ical society or o!r organization to see t all regulations are obs]v$1 :o c]tify t ?is is done2 h5ce ! "n4 ,milk f o!r dairies is prohibit$ by law f be+ sold "u ! "n c]tifi$ milk4 ,among ! requirem5ts 9 its production are t ! c[s mu/ be free f tub]culosis & o!rwise p]fectly heal?y1 ! /able to h a concrete floor :i* is wa%$ out aft] ea* milk+1 ! milk]s to h special clo!s = milk+1 etc4 ,! milk is cool$ & bottl$ imm$iately aft] milk+1 & kept at a l[ temp]ature until x rea*es ! consum]1 to prev5t ! entrance ( dirt ( any k9d or ! developm5t ( ! few bact]ia t mu/ ga9 entrance be=e x is bottl$4 ,to produce su* milk requires mu* exp5sive app>atus & mu* m labor ?an to produce ord9>y milk1 & z a result x sells = a mu* high] price1 bo? to di/ributor & consum]1 s t ! m>ket = x is r limit$4 ,j]sey ,%or?orn ,cross4 ,if ,i cross ,regi/]$ ,%or?orns ) a ,j]sey bull1 :at dairy+ value w ! prog5y h8 ,?is makes an excell5t cross4 ,ev5 beef-/ra9 ,%or?orns h lots ( milk+ p[] if x is develop$ & ! ,j]sey cross w br+ x out 9 ! prog5y4 ,! c[s h excell5t milk+ qualities & give v ri* milk4 ,!y also h a big frame & f9e con/itution4 ,ab\t ! f9e/ c[s 9 ,humboldt c\nty 7 ( ?is cross al?\gh ,j]sey bulls h be5 us$ s long t ! ,%or?orn blood is almo/ elim9at$4 ,! fir/ improv$ cattle 9 ,cali=nia & ! fir/ cross made = dairy purposes 0 ,j]sey bulls ^u grade ,%or?orn c[s4 ,lat] ! ,hol/e9 ,friesians became popul> & !y & _! grades are n[ mo/ abundant4 ,a ,free ,m>t94 ,i h a ,j]sey c[ :o has j _h tw9 calves1 a heif] & a bull4 ,! heif] 0 born ab\t five m9utes be=e ! bull & seems to be ! /rong]4 ,my neighbors tell me to fatt5 bo? = ! but*]1 = !y say ! heif] w be b>r54 ,! "m is a "y c[1 z ?is is h] second calf4 ,k9dly in=m if ?is is "o ( nature's laws or if !re is a possibility ( ! heif] turn+ out all "r8 ,! probability is t x w be bett] to veal ! heif] ?an to raise h]1 z mo/ heif] calves tw9n$ ) a bull are free m>t9s1 or animals ( mix$ sex & no good = bre$+ purposes or = pr(itable milk production4 ,if ! bull is a good animal1 he probably w be all "r1 z ?is tw9n+ does n seem to affect a bull calf1 ?\gh x does ! heif]4 ,x does n always happ5 t ! heif] is wor?less = bre$+1 b ! probability is s great t y _h bett] h h] kill$ & be done ) x4 ,:at ,is a ,grade8 ,does ! t]m grade mean an animal ^: sire is a ?or\ghbr$ & ^: dam is a scrub1 or j "o :o is select$ f o!rs because ( h] good po9ts or ^? ( h] "m8 ,r\ghly speak+1 a grade animal is "o hav+ m or less pure-br$ blood1 b n en\gh1 or o!rwise too irregul>1 = regi/ry "u ! rules ( ! association ( ! bre$ to :i* x has affiliation4 ,x does n ref] to selection )\t use ( a pure-blood sire at "s po9t 9 ! ance/ry1 b ?is is n a di/9ction ( mu* mom5t1 = x is h>d to f9d animals :i* h n borr[$ some?+ f "s cross ) pure blood1 ?\gh remote4 ,! t]ms high & l[ grade are sometimes us$ to signify am\nt ( pure blood recognizable by =m & o!r *>act]s or rememb]$ by own]s or _! neighbors4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a grade is any?+ n entitl$ to regi/ry1 ?\gh ord9>ily x ref]s to ! (fspr+ ( a pure-br$ sire & a c[ ( ano!r or ( no bre$4 ,! (fspr+ ( a pure-br$ c[ & a scrub bull w\ld also be a grade4 ,bre$+ a ,"y ,m>e4 ,i h a beautiful colt #bb mon?s old t w weigh #abjj or #acjj p\nds2 v compactly built1 & has extra heal?1 life & vigor4 ,i want ?is colt = a broodm>e4 ,w\ld y advise bre$+ at two or ?ree ye>s old8 ,au?orities agree at plac+ ! age f two to ?ree ye>s1 accord+ to ! developm5t ( ! animal & o!r circum/ances4 ,to ,bre$ 9 ! ,purple4 ,:at is meant by bre$+ a s[ 9 ! purple8 ,i h se5 ?is /atem5t us$ _m times by bre$]s :o adv]tis$ s[s safe 9 pig br$ 9 ! purple4 ,to be br$ 9 ! purple means to be ( royal or pr9cely p>5tage4 ,x orig9ally 0 us$ 9 ref]5ce to ! nobility ( ,europe1 z purple 0 ! insignia ( royal blood1 due to ! fact t purple 0 ! r>e/ & mo/ co/ly color & only ! ri* & noble c\ld buy x4 ,:5 us$ 9 ref]r+ to live /ock1 x signifies t ! animal 9 "q has a long l9e ( blood$ ance/ry4 ,c[s = ,hill ,c\ntry4 ,:at bre$ ( dairy c[s d y ?9k w\ld be pref]able to keep = butt]1 at an altitude ( ab\t #ahjj feet1 9 ,nevada c\nty - ,j]seys1 ,gu]nseys or ,ayr%ires8 ,i d n mean to h !m to ru/le = _! own liv+1 b to fe$ !m well1 h\se & c>e = !m 9 all wea!r1 p>ticul>ly 9 /ormy wea!r4 ,! be/ bre$ = a man is ! "o he likes be/1 provid+ x has be5 br$ = ! purposes he desires to atta94 ,all ! bre$s y m5tion are suit$ to ! s*eme y outl9e4 ,foo?ill ,dairy+4 ,is !re any risk to run 9 tak+ c[s to an altitude ( #bjjj f a mu* l[] "o8 ,!re is no qu>rel betwe5 a c[ & a m\nta94 ,ev] s9ce ! settlem5t ( ! ,/ate c[s h be5 driv5 directly f ! valley up to ! m\nta9 mead[ pa/ures1 bo? = butt] & = beef-mak+1 9 ! summ] "t4 ,! foo?ill elevation y m5tion is only a />t+ to elevations ( #fjjj feet & m to :i* cattle are driv5 e season4 ,bad-,temp]$ ,j]seys4 ,j]sey bulls are apt to become vici\s aft] a "t2 is x s to ! same ext5t ) bulls ( ! o!r nam$ bre$s8 ,! ,j]sey bull is conc$$ to be cross] & m dang]\s ?an o!r bulls1 b no bull %\ld ev] be all[$ to h a *ance at a man4 ,nev] consid] a bull g5tle & y w be safe ) him4 ,bre$+ 9 ,l9e4 ,is x "r & prop] to bre$ a p$igre$ regi/]$ bull to 8 daught]1 :o is ! (fspr+ ( a grade c[8 ,if x is n "r1 expla9 :y4 ,if x c be done1 w ! (fspr+ be physically p]fect & an improvem5t1 or w x h poor] qualities ?an its sire & "m8 ,if ?is inbre$+ c be done successfully1 h[ long c x be c>ri$ on1 or1 9 o!r words1 h[ long c\ld "o bull be br$ back into 8 own (fspr+8 ,c a h]d be p]fect$ 9 ?is way8 ,x is "r & prop] to bre$ a regi/]$ sire to 8 daught]1 :o is ! (fspr+ ( a grade c[4 ,! fir/ cross is all "r & ! (fspr+ ought to be physically p]fect4 ,?is is a fir/ /ep 9 :at we call l9e bre$+1 b 9 l9e bre$+ prop]1 bo? animals mu/ be pure bloods & regi/]$1 hav+ ance/ors on bo? sides :i* h a long l9e ( good individuals ) /rong con/itutions & true to type4 ,to d ?is1 "o mu/ h a p]fect ideal 9 m9d4 ,?is l9e bre$+ is :at has develop$ ! bre$s today up to ! high /&>d ( p]fection4 ,bre$+ sire to daught]1 if foll[$ along ^! l9es1 w be all "r2 at lea/1 x 0 s 9 ! case ( ,amos ,cruick%ank1 ! great %or?orn bre$]4 ,y _c successfully bre$ back on ! daught]'s (fspr+1 b if y use a /raight out-cross on ! daught]'s (fspr+ y c aga9 use ?is sire on h] produce ) m>k$ success4 ,9 ! case ( a grade c[ & regi/]$ sire1 !re are two ?+s :i* w make y ei!r lose or w9 ) "o cross1 & t is reg>d+ ! bre$+ ( y\r sire4 ,if he is j an ord9>y-br$ fell[ x w be a hit-&-miss game1 b if he is f a long l9e ( good ance/ors on 8 dam's side1 y c v mat]ially improve !1 h]d1 because always keep 9 m9d ! female produce f ! sire's dam w gr[ ) age t[>d ! sire's dam4 ,s if y\r fir/ cross f y\r fir/ sire is all "r1 use a /raight out-cross bull1 b be sure he is :at he ought to be1 & !n y c use y\r old bull back on 8 heif]s4 ,( c\rse1 a man practic+ ?is bre$+ ought to be a ?or\gh /ockman & a fir/-class judge ( live /ock4 - ,w4 ,m4 ,c>ru!rs4 ,:itewa%es = ,/ock ,build+s4 ,i desire :itewa% recipes :i* h giv5 durable results on outbuild+s4 ,x is s desirable to make outbuild+s neat & clean1 & s important to keep trees f sunburn+1 etc41 t a durable :itewa% z *eaply & easily made z possible is v important4 ,! foll[+ are comm5d$3 ,no4 #a - ,to half a bucketful ( unslak$ lime add #b h&fuls ( common salt1 & s(t soap at ! rate ( #a p\nd to #ae gallons ( ! wa%4 ,slake sl[ly1 /irr+ all ! "t4 ,?is quantity makes #b bucketfuls ( v adhesive wa%1 :i* is n affect$ by ra94 ,no4 #b - ,:itewa% requires "s k9d ( grease 9 x to make x mo/ durable4 ,any k9d ( grease1 ev5 ?\gh x be old & p>tly spoil$1 w answ] all "r1 ?\gh tall[ is be/4 ,! grease imp>ts to ! :itewa% an oil prop]ty ! same z 9 good pa9t4 ,tall[ w /ay "r on ! job = ye>s1 & ! *eape/ ( x w d4 ,9 ord] to prep>e ?is grease & get x prop]ly incorporat$ into ! :ite wa%1 x is necess>y to put ! grease 9 a vessel on ! /ove1 & boil x into a "p ( ! :itewa% s z to emulsify x & get x into su* condition t x c be prop]ly incorporat$ ) ! :itewa% mixture4 ,no4 #c - ,= e b>rel ( fre% lime1 add #af p\nds ( tall[1 #af p\nds ( salt & #d p\nds ( glue1 dissolv$4 ,mix all toge!r & slack2 keep cov]$1 & let /& a few days be=e us+4 ,add wat] to br+ ! "r consi/5cy to spread readily4 ,= nice inside "w /ra9 x4 ,:5 less ?an a b>rel ( lime is us$1 ! quality ( ! wa% does n seem s good4 ,x is bett] to apply hot1 b x does well cold4 ,gov]nm5t ,:itewa%4 ,:at is ! gov]nm5t recipe = :itewa%8 ,take a half bu%el ( well-burn$1 unslak$ lime1 slake x ) boil+ wat]1 cov] dur+ ! process to keep 9 /eam1 /ra9 ! liquid ?r\gh a f9e sieve or /ra9]1 & add to x #g p\nds ( salt1 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 w>m wat]2 #c p\nds ( gr\nd rice boil$ to a ?9 pa/e & /irr$ 9 :ile hot2 half a p\nd ( ,spani% :it+ & #a p\nd ( glue1 previ\sly dissolv$ by soak+ 9 cold wat]1 & !n hang+ ov] 9 a small pot hung 9 a l>g] "o fill$ ) wat]4 ,add #e gallons ( hot wat] to ! mixture1 /ir well & let x /& = a few days1 cov]$ f dirt4 ,x %\ld be appli$ hot1 = :i* purpose x c be kept 9 a portable furnace4 ,a p9t ( ?is mixture1 if prop]ly appli$1 w cov] a squ>e y>d4 ,:itewa% = ,spray ,pump4 ,c y give a recipe = a durable :itewa% :i* c be prep>$ simply & 9 l>ge quantities8 ,! :itewa% w be appli$ ) a spray pump4 ,to #be p\nds ( lime1 :ole1 slack+ ) #f gallons ( wat]1 add #f p\nds ( common salt & #a #a_/b p\nds ( br[n sug>4 ,/ir & mix well & all[ to cool4 ,:5 cool /ir 9 #a ounce ( ultram>9e blue4 ,!n add #b gallons ( wat]1 & spr9kle & /ir 9 #b p\nds ( ,portl& cem5t4 ,if two coats are to be appli$1 add #a m gallon ( wat]4 ,/ra9 = "w on smoo? surface4 ,butt]milk ,pa9t ,h[ is pa9t made ) butt]milk = f>m build+s8 ,"o gallon butt]milk1 #c p\nds ( ,portl& cem5t1 & suffici5t color+ matt] to give ! desir$ %ade4 ,apply z soon z made1 & /ir a great deal :ile be+ appli$4 ,x is said to dry 9 ab\t #f h\rs & to be a good pres]vative = f5ces1 b>ns & o!r outbuild+s4 ,trespass+ ,live ,/ock4 ,is !re a f5ce law 9 ?is ,/ate8 ,9 o!r words1 d ,i h to f5ce aga9/ my neighbors' /ock1 or does ! law require him to c>e = 8 /ock & keep x (f my prop]ty8 ,! old no-f5ce law :i* 0 enact$ dur+ ! tr\bles betwe5 :eat gr[]s & /ock rang]s has be5 put out ( commission by m rec5t legislation4 ,! trespass+ live /ock is liable = damage1 b j h[ to proce$ to protect y\rself y %\ld le>n f a local lawy] :o kn[s /atutes & y\r c\nty ord9ances also4 ,rat-,pro( ,gran>y4 ,h[ c ,i make a rat-pro( gran>y = alfalfa meal & b>ley8 ,omit all bo>d+ ( ! sides bel[ ! floor level & place a heavy inv]t$ pan1 milk pan1 betwe5 ! top ( ea* ( ! support+ po/s & ! floor beams4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! diagonal brac+ ( ! und]p9n+ or po/s does n all[ a rat to secure a foot hold ne> en\gh ! floor to p]mit ( gnaw+ ?r\gh4 ,concrete ,/able ,floor4 ,is a concrete floor good = a horse /able8 ,concrete floors are satisfactorily us$ = horse /ables1 provid$ ! floor is ribb$ or o!rwise r\gh5$ 9 a way to r$uce ! dang] ( slipp+4 ,"s /ablem5 h /all floors made t way4 ,"s use a wood5 grat+ ov] ! concrete 9 places :]e ! horses h to /& = any l5g? ( "t4 ,o!rs s(t5 ! /&+ by free use ( b$d+4 ,silo-,heat+ ,n ,dang]\s4 ,is !re any dang] ( a b>n burn+ f spontane\s combu/ion due to a silo be+ built 9 ! b>n8 ,!re is no dang] ( ! silo ov]heat+ & sett+ fire to a b>n4 ,:5 ! ensilage is cur+1 x (t5 gets w>m1 b nev] any:]e ne> ! po9t ( combu/ion4 ,to ,make ,%+les ,durable4 ,:at is ! be/ mat]ial ) :i* to coat ! %+les on my b>n ro(8 ,! be/ coat+ is a wood pres]vative1 ! pr9cipal +r$i5t ( :i* is creosote4 ,!re are sev]al reliable br&s ( pres]vatives & /a9s t may be _h at a co/ ( ab\t half t ( pa9t4 ,we mu/ rem>k also ! natural durability ( r$wood %+les 9 ?is climate if ! ro( has a good pit*4 ,we re%+l$ our h\se ro( aft] #bj ye>s ( use & f\nd ! %+les s s\nd t we turn$ !m & %+l$ ! sides & ro( ( a %$ ) !m :]e !y promise to be good = ano!r score ( ye>s4 ,be/ ,bre$ ( ,hogs4 ,:at is ! be/ bre$ ( hogs = p5 fe$+1 %utt+ !m up 9 small p5s f ! "t !y are little pigs & fe$+ !m mo/ly on skim milk & slops8 ,!re is no be/ bre$4 ,x is a matt] ( p]sonal pref]5ce4 ,any ( ! bre$s are all "r to p5 up & fe$4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ is to see t ! hogs are all pure br$ & h n be5 cross$ too (t5 to cause det]ioration4 ,*oose "o bre$ ( hogs & keep !m z pure z possible & y w h no tr\ble 9 rais+ !m4 ,all ! bre$s are good2 b "s are fanci$ m ?an o!rs4 ,d>k-color$ hogs are pref]r$ 9 ,cali=nia because less liable to sunburn4 ,"p ,,vi4 ,fe$+ ,f>m ,animals ,fe$ = ,pl[-,horses4 ,:ile do+ heavy pl[+1 h[ _m p\nds ( roll$ b>ley p] day %\ld ,i fe$ to keep #acjj-p\nd horses 9 good condition8 ,if ,i fe$ "p oat hay & "p alfalfa hay1 toge!r ) roll$ b>ley1 :at ration w\ld be ample8 ,a ration us$ by ! ,cali=nia ,exp]im5t ,/ation 0 #ab p\nds ( alfalfa hay1 #aa p\nds ( :eat hay & #g p\nds ( cru%$ b>ley = #ajjj p\nds ( horse at h>d "w4 ,! l>g] ! horse ! less food = ! am\nt ( "w he does 9 proportion to 8 size1 s multiply+ ^! figures by #a4b w\ld br+ a p]son some:]e ne> ! ration = a #acjj-p\nd horse1 & an approximation is z close z "o c come to any g5]al ration4 ,probably m alfalfa & less ( ! o!r fe$s c\ld well be giv51 s9ce _m f>m]s are succe$+ 9 fe$+ alfalfa exclusively4 ,vet* = ,horses4 ,does vet* make good fe$ = horses8 ,w vet* produce a heavi] crop ?an gra98 ,:5 is ! be/ "t to s[ vet* = hay1 & :at is ! be/ v>iety8 ,vet* makes excell5t /ock fe$ :e!r us$ z hay or z pa/urage4 ,vet* falls to ! gr\nd s badly t x is v difficult to cut hay f x unless "s gra9 is plant$ to hold x up4 ,oats make an excell5t hold-up crop & is m g5]ally us$4 ,a half a bu%el ( vet* se$ is mix$ ) a bu%el ( oats & ?is is en\gh to plant an acre4 ,"s gr[]s1 h[ev]1 pref] a bu%el ( vet* z t makes ! /& mu* heavi]4 ,sorghum ,fe$+4 ,c ,i all[ milk c[s to pa/ure on gr[+ ,kaffir & ,egyptian corn dur+ ! summ]8 ,:i* "o is ! be/ = pa/ure & milk8 ,!re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ,kaffir corn & ,egyptian corn s f> z fe$+ goes4 ,!y are bo? sorghums4 ,!re is a dang] 9 pa/ur+ on "y sorghums1 because /ock is (t5 kill$ f ov]eat+ x1 & !y are q apt to d ?is :5 !y come ^u x f dry fe$4 ,if y cut & wilt ! "y sorghum1 or if x is f$ sp>+ly ) hay1 etc41 x becomes innoc5t ( injury4 ,aft] ! sorghum has obta9$ consid]able gr[?1 x also loses its dang]\s "*4 ,salt+ ,hay4 ,:at k9d ( salt is us$ = salt+ hay1 h[ mu* to use & h[ to apply x8 ,any good comm]cial salt su* z is us$ = pork or beef pack+ is satisfactory = salt+ hay4 ,a good h&ful to ! ton1 scatt]+ x z ! hay is /ock$ is z good a =mula z c be _h4 ,/ov]4 ,:at is /ov]8 ,h[ is x cut & h&l$8 ,/ov] is corn fodd] aft] ! e>s are tak5 (f4 ,! be/ "t to cut ! corn = /ov] is imm$iately aft] ! k]nel becomes d5t$ & ! leaves or blades comm5ce to dry4 ,imm$iately aft] ! e>s are tak5 (f1 ! /alks %\ld be cut & /ack$4 ,! size ( ! %ock dep5ds ^u ! climate4 ,if x is a foggly climate & /alks are gre51 x is bett] to make a small] %ock1 b 9 ! int]ior valley :]e ! wea!r is w>m x is be/ to make l>ge %ocks1 s t ! /acks w n dry up v rapidly4 ,fe$ = ,c[s4 ,:at %all ,i fe$ c[s :5 !y are fre% & :5 !y are dry6 ,:5 !y comm5ce to fre%51 give "s gre5 fe$1 su* z alfalfa or corn2 if possible1 also give1 say1 two or ?ree p\nds ( b>ley or bran1 & gradually increase ?is = two or ?ree weeks until six or sev5 p\nds ( bran or b>ley is be+ f$4 ,also give a small am\nt ( hay4 ,bran may be r exp5sive fe$+ & a sub/itute is be+ us$4 ,take f\r p>ts ( b>ley to "o ( bran & mix4 ,) b>ley at its l[ price1 ?is makes r inexp5sive fe$+4 ,ano!r sub/itute is to take ! *opp$ alfalfa hay & b>ley4 ,^! are mix$ ?or\ghly toge!r & moi/5$4 ,aft] ! c[ fre%5s & gives h] full fl[ ( milk1 let h] eat all ! alfalfa hay %e wants4 ,a good ration is ab\t #ae to #bj p\nds ( hay1 #f or #g p\nds ( b>ley or bran & ab\t #aj p\nds ( roots su* z beets or mangels4 ,:5 ! c[ is dry1 pa/ure is ! be/ food1 supplem5t$ ) "s gre5 food4 ,sorghum ,silage4 ,w ,egyptian corn make good ensilage & at :at "t %\ld x be cut to make ! be/ fe$ = dairy c[s8 ,sorghum makes good silage4 ,x mu/ be cut :ile surely juicy en\gh1 = x is a little m apt to dry out ?an ,indian corn4 ,b>ley = ,hay ,fe$+4 ,%\ld ! b>ley = hog fe$+ be roll$1 gr\nd or f$ :ole1 dry or wet8 ,also1 h[ mu* %\ld be f$ & h[ (t5 to get be/ results8 ,to obta9 ! be/ results1 ! b>ley %\ld be gr\nd into a meal 7n too f9e7 & h ! hulls scre5$ or float$ out4 ,?is is be/ f$ :5 made into a ?ick slop4 ,"s good fe$]s believe 9 lett+ x /& until f]m5tation sets up1 t is1 gets a little s\r4 ,we pref] a sweet to a s\r fe$4 ,h[ev]1 hogs w d well on ei!r1 provid$ !re is no *ange f s\r to sweet4 ,! *ange is ! bad "p4 ,hogs %\ld be f$ j ! am\nt t !y w clean up well1 & no m4 ,a hog %\ld always be ready = 8 fe$ at fe$+ "t4 ,we w\ld n fe$ (t5] ?an twice a day3 night & morn+4 - ,*as4 ,goodman4 ,sug> ,beets & ,silage4 ,w sug> beets keep 9 a silo & h[ sug> beets rank z a hog fe$8 ,sug> beets w\ld probably keep all "r if /or$ 9 a silo j z !y might if kept 9 any o!r receptacle1 b x is n necess>y to /ore beets = /ock-fe$+ 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,!y c be tak5 f ! field1 or f piles made "u op5 %$s 9 :i* ! beets may be put because m conv5i5t = fe$+ ?an to take !m f ! field 9 ! ra9y season4 ,beets put :ole into a silo w\ld n make silage4 ,= t purpose !y w\ld ne$ to be r$uc$ to a pulp1 b !re is no object 9 go+ to ! exp5se ( t op]ation :]e beets w keep s well 9 _! natural condition & :]e !re is no h>d freez+ to injure !m4 ,beet pulp silage is made f beets :i* are put ?r\gh a pulp+ process = ! purpose ( extraction ( ! sug> &1 !re=e1 be/ pulp silage is only made 9 connection ) beet-sug> factories & is a by-product !re( :i* is prov+ ( l>ge value = fe$+ purposes4 ,fe$+ ,value ( ,spelt4 ,:at is ! food value ( spelt8 ,x is a ,russian v>iety ( :eat1 & yet1 ,i am in=m$1 x has ab\t ! same value z a /ock food t b>ley has4 ,we h no analysis ( spelt at h&4 ,x is presumably l t ( b>ley1 z y sugge/1 because ! spelt has an adh]+ *aff z b>ley has4 ,?is fact makes x bett] = fe$+ ?an :eat1 n 9 nutritive cont5t1 b because ! *aff t5ds to di/ribute ! />*y mat]ial1 mak+ x m easily dige/ible2 j z b>ley & oats are bett] ?an ord9>y :eat = /ock fe$+4 ,conc5trates & ,corn ,/alks4 ,is x necess>y to fe$ mul* c[s any hay or conc5trat$ fe$ 9 addition to gre5 corn /alks8 ,x is necess>y4 ,gre5 corn is an excell5t ?+ = mil* c[s1 b x is a v unbalanc$ ration & ne$s alfalfa or some?+ else to balance x up4 ,gre5 corn1 = example1 conta9s only ab\t "o p] c5t ( dige/ible prote9 & #aa4e p] c5t ( dige/ible c>bohydrates & #j4d p] c5t fat1 or a nutritive ratio ( ab\t #a to #ab #a_/b4 ,a prop] ration w\ld be ab\t #a to #f or #g1 or less4 ,to balance ?is up alfalfa c be f$ bett] ?an any?+ else 9 ,cali=nia1 = t is v ri* 9 prote9 & ! *eape/ supply ( prote9 t !re is4 ,if y give ! c[s a good supply ( alfalfa hay ) ! gre5 corn1 y w h an ideal comb9ation4 ,dry ,sorghum ,fodd]4 ,is ,egyptian corn fodd] good = c[s8 ,i h be5 told x w\ld dry up ! milk4 ,i h sev]al acres & w\ld l to fe$ x if x is n h>mful4 ,dry sorghum fodd] is c\nt$ ab\t ! poore/ r\ghage t "o w\ld ?9k ( h>ve/+4 ,x is mu* less valuable ?an ,indian corn fodd]4 ,egyptian corn is "o ( ! non-sac*>9e sorghums :i* are valuable bo? = gra9 or = gre5 fe$+4 ,we nev] he>d ( direct milk-dry+ effect1 ?\gh su* a result might be expect$ f fe$+ su* innutritive mat]ial1 :i* is also difficult ( dige/ion4 ,if f$ = r\ghness x %\ld be 9 connection ) conc5trat$ foods l bran or oil meal or ) gre5 alfalfa4 ,no c[ c give mu* milk :5 ! fe$ is h>dly nutritive en\gh to keep h] alive4 ,!re seems to be1 h[ev]1 mu* diff]5ce 9 ! dry fodd]s f diff]5t v>ieties ( sorghum4 ,"o gr[] writes3 ,kaffir corn is ! only v>iety )9 our k ( :i* ! fodd] is ( mu* value4 ,we consid] ! fodd] mu* m pref]able ?an t ( ! ord9>y ,indian corn1 & our /ock eat x mu* m readily ?an ! sweet sorghum4 ,h[ev]1 x requires a mu* long] season 9 :i* to rip5 ?an does any ( ! o!r v>ieties1 = :i* reason x is less desirable to plant 9 midsumm]4 ,/e]s on ,alfalfa4 ,h[ mu* alfalfa hay w a two or ?ree-ye>-old /e] eat p] day1 & ab\t :at is ! ga9 9 weight p] day8 ,a /e] w clean up ab\t #cc p\nds p] day4 ,/e]s w make ab\t #a #a_/b p\nds ga9 9 weight p] day4 ,conc5trates ) ,alfalfa4 ,i h a good supply ( alfalfa hay & h be5 fe$+ ?is z a /raight fe$ = my dairy c[s4 ,!y are n1 h[ev]1 do+ z well z !y %\ld & ,i am look+ = "s good fe$ to g ) x4 ,y c\ld probably get bett] returns by fe$+ ab\t a p\nd ( cocoanut meal & ?ree ( dri$ beet pulp ?an by any o!r comb9ation ( conc5trates ) /raight alfalfa4 ,if y are produc+ m>ket milk or butt] prices ju/ify x1 m conc5trates c\ld pr(itably be f$4 ,x is an exp5sive proposition to build up a prop]ly balanc$ ration ) alfalfa & conc5trates alone1 & unless m>ket milk is be+ sold1 x usually does n pay4 ,! *eape/ way to provide a balanc$ ration is n by conc5trates1 b by :eat or o!r gra9 /raw1 & let ! c[s eat all !y c>e =4 ,?is is v *eap & helps to balance a ration ) gre5 or dry alfalfa hay1 is usually *eap1 & is f9e = c[s4 ,bo? are mu* less exp5sive ?an conc5trates4 ,*opp+ ,hay = ,horses4 ,:at sav+ may be made by *opp+ all oat hay :5 f$ to horses8 ,!re is no p>ticul> sav+ 9 *opp+ hay unless ! horses are work$ v h>d & = v long h\rs1 z is (t5 ! case ) express horses 9 ! cities1 or unless ! p[] = cutt+ is v *eap & fe$ high4 ,! idea is t1 except 9 unusual cases z above m5tion$1 ! horses c d _! own gr9d+ *eap] ?an x c be done by p[]4 ,some:at less hay is wa/$ :5 f$ cut ?an :5 f$ long1 b if !y are n f$ too mu* long hay !y w wa/e v little4 ,gra9 = ,horses4 ,:at is ! be/ =mula = fe$+ "w horses ) oat hay1 alfalfa1 b>ley 7cru%$7 & corn z rations8 ,fe$ "o-half oat hay & "o-half alfalfa hay1 ab\t #a to #a #a_/b p\nds p] day = ea* #ajj p\nds live weight ( ! horse4 ,add to ?is f #c_/d to #a p\nd ( roll$ b>ley or corn = ea* #ajj p\nds live weight4 ,if ! corn is on ! cob1 f\r-fif?s ( its weight is corn2 t is to say1 #e p\nds ( corn on ! cob has #d p\nds ( gra94 ,fe$+ ,cut ,alfalfa ,hay4 ,w\ld alfalfa hay1 cut1 say1 f "o-half to ?ree in*es 9 l5g? be bett] ?an :ole hay = hogs1 cattle & horses1 & if x is bett]1 %\ld x be f$ wet or dry8 ,cattle & horses d mu* bett] :5 f$ *opp$ alfalfa hay ?an :5 f$ :ole hay4 ,!y c eat ! requir$ am\nt 9 mu* less "t & ) less ex]tion4 ,= cattle & horses ! hay %\ld be cut ab\t "o in* long & f$ dry4 ,!re is no advantage 9 *opp+ alfalfa hay = hogs unless x is mix$ ) gr\nd gra9 & made into slop4 - ,l4 ,p4 ,d5ny4 ,/or+ ,cut ,alfalfa ,hay4 ,we are plann+ on cutt+ our next season's crop ( alfalfa ) a fe$ cutt] & /or+ x 9 a b>n = w9t] fe$+4 ,! hay mu/1 ( c\rse1 be ?or\ghly cur$1 because ( ! great dang] ( heat+ 9 a tight mass4 ,a4 ,balf\r says3 ,i h be5 cutt+ alfalfa into a b>n = wo seasons4 ,x is absolutely necess>y to h ! sides & floor tight1 & x is easi] to fe$ x if x is 9 a l(t4 ,! hay is be/ /ack$ fir/1 & mu/ be ?or\ghly cur$4 ,alfalfa ,gr9d+4 ,is ! cur+ ( alfalfa = gr9d+ diff]5t f ord9>y2 has x to be *opp$ be=e gr9d+1 & :at is ! co/ ( gr9d+8 ,alfalfa hay %\ld be cut :5 ! v fir/ blossoms comm5ce to appe>4 ,at ?is po9t ! plant conta9s ! greate/ am\nt ( prote92 f t "t on until se$ "t1 ! prote9 dim9i%es & fib] increases4 ,to make meal1 hay %\ld be well cur$1 h gone ?r\gh ! sweat1 & %\ld be dry1 or z ne> dry z possible4 ,x mills easi] :5 dry & makes a f9] product4 ,x %\ld be cur$ s z to reta9 ! gre5 color4 ,to gr9d x1 x is n necess>y to cut x be=e gr9d+1 x mills bett] if gr\nd j z x comes f ! /ack4 ,! co/ ( mill+ hay v>ies ) ! size ( ! ma*9e1 condition ( hay1 :e!r dry or damp1 or :e!r t\gh or t5d]4 ,) l>g] plants ( a capacity ( f\r to five tons p] h\r1 x co/s ab\t #de c5ts a ton to put x 9 ! sack1 exclusive ( ! co/ ( sacks2 & ) small]1 x runs f t on up to #a to #b p] ton4 ,fe$+ ,calves4 ,h[ soon c calves be wean$ & n h9d] _! gr[?8 ,aft] wean+1 :at w\ld y advise to fe$ !m8 ,aft] ! calf has once nurs$1 x %\ld be tak5 away f its "m1 b f$ its "m's milk = a few days1 dep5d+ on ! vigor ( ! calf4 ,comm5ce to add skim-milk aft] a week or t5 days1 add+ a small am\nt at fir/ & increas+ x daily until ! calf is on an entirely skim-milk diet4 ,! milk mu/ be sweet1 x mu/ be z w>m z its "m's milk & ! calf mu/ n h too mu* ( x4 ,f\r qu>ts at a fe$ twice a day is suffici5t = ! av]age siz$ calf = ! fir/ mon?1 !n increase x accord+ly4 ,add a spoonful ( gr\nd flaxse$ to ea* fe$ & tea* ! calf to eat a little gra9 z soon z possible4 ,gr\nd b>ley is ! mo/ economical fe$ to balance a ration conta9+ s mu* skim-milk4 ,if calves %[ a t5d5cy to loos5ess ( ! b[els1 fe$ less milk1 & :5 ?is does n rem$y ! tr\ble1 heat "s skim-milk to boil+ & :5 x is cool$ to a prop] temp]ature fe$ ?is to ! calf4 ,a good gra9 ration to fe$ calves along ) skim-milk is gr\nd b>ley ) gre5 alfalfa hay4 ,:5 ! milk is cut (f1 fe$ b>ley & bran soak$ ) molasses wat]4 ,put a p9t ( molasses 9 a pail ( wat] & damp5 fe$ ) x4 ,?is am\nt w damp5 ?ree bu%els ( fe$4 - ,w4 ,m4 ,c>ru!rs4 ,w9t] ,fe$ = ,%eep4 ,:at w\ld be ! be/ to s[ = %eep pa/ure - b>ley1 oats1 rye1 vet* or rape8 ,( ! gra9s1 rye is usually f\nd to be be/ = quick w9t] gr[?1 & rye & vet*es s[n toge!r are v satisfactory1 because ! rye holds ! vet*es up s t ! :ole gr[? c be m successfully h&l$ ) ! m[]1 & if gr[n t way & f$ gre5 9 a corral1 a v l>ge am\nt ( good fe$ c be secur$4 ,suffici5t exp]im5ts h n yet be5 made ) rape to fully demon/rate its value4 ,ev5 if x grew well1 x w\ld be inf]ior 9 nutritive value to vet*es & rye4 ,balanc$ ,rations4 ,:at is a balanc$ ration = milk c[s & brood s[s8 ,:5 pl5ty ( alfalfa is available _m dairym5 fe$ t alone4 ,x is bett] to fe$ a little corn1 gra9 hay1 beet pulp or ! beets !mselves to balance up ! ration4 ,"s ( ! be/ conc5trates to fe$ to (fset alfalfa hay are gr\nd b>ley & dri$ beet pulp4 ,! same ?+ c be said ab\t ! s[s4 ,!y w consume ab\t #aj p\nds ( *opp$ alfalfa p] day & all ! skim-milk t is likely to be giv5 !m4 ,n m ?an eight p\nds ( conc5trates ne$ be f$1 ( :i* "o-fif? may be bran1 ! same am\nt1 or m1 ( cocoanut oil cake1 & ! re/ corn or b>ley4 ,) pl5ty ( skim-milk & alfalfa1 b little gra9 or o!r conc5trates w be ne$$4 ,a few beets w also g well ) alfalfa4 ,pa/ure & ,cov] ,crop4 ,i am ?9k+ ( s[+ burr clov] ) rye to be pl[$ "u 9 ! spr+4 ,is x good policy to s[ rye ) clov]8 ,burr clov] & rye w\ld be v satisfactory = s[+1 aft] ! ra9s1 to secure a w9t] gr[? = pl[+ "u 9 ,m>* or ,april1 or e>li] if ! gr[? %\ld be l>ge en\gh to w>rant4 ,su* a cov] crop c be pa/ur$ lightly to advantage4 ,cutt+ ,corn = ,silage4 ,:at is ! be/ "t to cut corn = ! silo8 ,:at l5g? is x cut8 ,is wat] put on x :5 x is put 9 ! silo8 ,! be/ "t to cut corn = ! silo is j z ! k]nels are beg9n+ to glaze4 ,x is cut ) a prop] ensilage cutt] into half or ?ree-qu>t] in* l5g?s4 ,no wat] is us$1 unless ! corn %\ld be unusually dry1 ) %rivel$ leaves2 9 t case1 ! use ( wat] to comp5sate = ! loss ( moi/ure 9 ! /alks & leaves is desirable4 ,fall & ,w9t] ,pa/urage4 ,:at d y advise = plant+ 9 ! fall = w9t] pa/ure 9 ! ,sacram5to valley8 ,are field peas suitable8 ,! common ,cali=nia field pea1 call$ ,niles pea1 ! ,canadian pea1 ! common vet* 7:i* is sometimes call$ ! ,oregon vet* because ! se$ is l>gely gr[n 9 t ,/ate7 are all suitable = fall plant+ & w9t] gr[? because !y are n injur$ by ord9>y valley fro/s4 ,aside f legumes1 y c get w9t] fe$ f fall-s[n rye1 ,essex rape or kale4 ,summ] ,pa/ure = ,hogs4 ,i want to pa/ure hogs 9 ! ,san ,joaqu9 valley ?is spr+ & summ]4 ,h wat] = irrigation1 b w n h "t to get alfalfa />t$ suffici5t to pa/ure4 ,sorghum c be plant$ ) pumpk9s or "s root crop betwe5 ! r[s4 ,! root crop or ! pumpk9s c\ld be us$ 9 ! lat] summ]1 :ile ! sorghums c\ld come betwe5 ! natural grasses ( ! e>ly spr+ & ! root crops4 ,a /rictly pa/urage s*eme is to s[ :eat or b>ley & turn ! hogs on ?is1 s t !y w eat )9 c]ta9 prescrib$ limits4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 ! field ne$s a %ift+ f5ce1 s t ! hogs c be driv5 f "o section to ano!r - nev] lett+ ! hogs eat too closely1 z !y w kill (f ! /&4 ,size ( a ,silo4 ,i am plann+ to build a silo #h feet high & #aj feet across4 ,w ensilage 7corn1 oats7 keep well 9 a silo ( ^? dim5sions8 ,! silo y are int5d+ to build is too %all[1 & w\ld hold only a v small am\nt ( silage4 ,!re w\ld be sev]al in*es loss ( silage be=e y c\ld />t fe$+1 & y w\ld h to fe$ at lea/ two & probably ?ree in*es (f p] day 9 ord] to keep ! food f spoil+4 ,sixty in*es ( silage w\ld ?us only la/ ab\t tw5ty days4 ,also1 ! deep] a silo is1 ! tight] ! ensilage is pack$ & ! m w be conta9$ 9 a cubic foot4 ,! foll[+ table w give sugge/ions z to dim5sions3 ,diamet]4 ,height4 ,capacity4 ,diamet]4 ,height4 ,capacity4 #aj feet #be feet #cf tons #ad feet #cd feet #aae tons #aj #bh #db #ae #cd #aca #aa #bi #fj #af #ce #aeh #ab #cb #gc #bj #ce #beh #ac #cc #hc ,a c[ c consume f\r tons ( silage 9 #ahj days & m or less z y c>e to fe$1 s by figur+ out h[ long y w probably fe$1 y c see ! size ( silo to build at once4 ,soil+ ,crops 9 ,cali=nia4 ,:at are ! dates = plant+ crops to be us$ = soil+ 9 y\r ,/ate8 ,we are us+ ,indian corn & sorghums ( v>i\s k9ds = soil+ to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,!re is also "s cutt+ & c>ry+ ( alfalfa1 al?\gh mo/ ( ! alfalfa is pa/ur$4 ,dates ( plant+ dep5d ^u ! fro/-free p]iod2 sometimes beg9n+ 9 ,april1 & successive plant+ = lat] gr[? z wat] may be available = irrigation4 ,!re are places :]e "o c see /&+ corn & sorghum unt\*$ by fro/ z late z ,decemb] #a4 ,9 o!r locations ! gr[? ( ^! plants h to be made betwe5 ,may & ,septemb]4 ,we h also w9t]-soil+ practic$ to a small ext5t 9 ?is ,/ate & = t purpose rye & b>ley s[n at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season are us$ to "s ext5t4 ,brew]'s ,gra9s = ,c[s4 ,are spr\t$ b>ley gra9s t may be _h f brew]ies good = mil* c[s8 ,w x increase ! milk1 or w x dry up ! c[s8 ,pr(essor ,h5ry1 9 8 /&>d "w on ,fe$s & ,fe$+s1 says3 ,fre% brew]'s gra9s con/itute "o ( ! be/ fe$s = ! dairy c[4 ,%e is fond ( !m & !y influ5ce mo/ favorably ! fl[ ( milk4 ,f$ :ile fre% 9 reasonable quantities1 supplem5t$ by bright hay or corn fodd] = dry fe$1 ! gra9s be+ kept 9 tight fe$-boxes :i* c be kept clean1 & ) o!r conditions favorable to ! heal?fulness ( ! c[1 no valid objection c be rais$ aga9/ ?is =m ( fe$4 ,f #bj to #cj p\nds ( wet gra9s %\ld con/itute a day's all[ance4 ,fe$+ ,pumpk9s4 ,:at is ! prop] way to fe$ pumpk9s to c[s8 ,"s say to cut !m 9 halves2 :ile o!rs say !y mu/ be *opp$ f9e en\gh s t ! c[s _c *oke on !m4 ,"s tell me ! se$s t5d to dry ! c[s up1 & %\ld n be f$ ) pumpk9s4 ,pumpk9s %\ld be ei!r cut 9 halves or brok5 9 l>ge fragm5ts s t ! /ock c get a bite at !m or else %\ld be *opp$ f9e1 & we c\ld nev] see ! advantage ( go+ to t tr\ble4 ,cutt+ into m$ium-siz$ pieces is dang]\s because ( ! temptation to swall[ !m :ole & ?us gett+ *ok$4 ,x is n necess>y to remove ! se$s4 ,fe$+ a ,family ,c[4 ,:at %all ,i fe$ family ,j]sey c[ 9 addition to alfalfa hay to insure a good supply ( milk8 ,"o ( ! be/ ?+s to fe$ 9 addition to alfalfa hay is a c\ple ( qu>ts ( middl+ or bran twice a day1 ) :i* is mix$ a cup ( molasses ) en\gh wat] to make a nice pa/e4 ,dri$ beet pulp is exceptionally good ) alfalfa1 if x is available1 ?is also to be moi/5$ be=e fe$+4 ,roll$ ,b>ley = ,c[s4 ,w roll$ b>ley hurt milk c[s1 say two light fe$s a day8 ,w x n d ab\t z mu* good z ! same am\nt ( bran8 ,c]ta9ly n & o!rwise w be good if n us$ 9 excess to enc\rage fatt5+4 ,bran is a bett] fe$ = milk because x has a high] prote9 cont5t4 ,horse ,beans & ,pie-melons4 ,w\ld x pay me to raise horse beans = fatt5+ hogs8 ,horse beans d well4 ,w\ld citrons d well !re )\t irrigation1 & w\ld !y be bett] ?an /ock-beets = hog fe$8 ,we d n promise anyone t any?+ w pay4 ,horsebeans are good ) o!r fe$s = hogs4 ,!oretically1 !y w balance well ) pie-melons & beets1 & bo? ! latt] w produce well on good l& ) prop] cultivation 9 ! valley y m5tion4 ,!oretically1 also1 we w\ld r h beets ?an pie-melons4 ,! hogs w tell y ! re/4 ,horse ,beans4 ,are horse beans a legum9\s crop & h[ does _! fe$+ value = hogs comp>e to c[peas & ,canadian field peas8 ,!y surely are legumes1 & !y resemble s closely 9 composition ! o!r legumes :i* y m5tion t _! fe$+ value w\ld be practically ! same4 ,/or+ ,/ock ,beets4 ,:at is ! be/ me?od ( /or+ /ock beets & /ock c>rots 9 ?is climate8 ,we c let !m rema9 9 ! gr\nd & gr[ until ,febru>y or ,m>* & w\ld l to pres]ve !m = fe$+ z long z possible4 ,/ock beets & c>rots c be /or$ 9 ,cali=nia )\t rec\rse to cov]+ ) gr\nd or use ( a cell>4 ,!y keep v well dur+ ! w9t] if pil$ "u cov] 9 su* a way z to keep cool & dry4 ,kale = ,c[ ,fe$4 ,:at is kale wor? = c[ fe$ z comp>$ ) alfalfa1 also c x be cut & cur$ ! same z alfalfa & :at v>iety is ! be/8 ,kale is v simil> to cabbage 9 gr[?1 & = fe$+ purposes4 ,= c[ fe$ x w\ld h ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ! am\nt ( dige/ible nutri5ts z gre5 alfalfa1 b w\ld h an add$ value on acc\nt ( its succul5cy4 ,x w\ld g especially well ) alfalfa hay4 ,! ,j]sey or ,?\s&-,head$ kale is consid]$ ! /&>d = /ock or p\ltry fe$4 ,x is always f$ fre% & is n made into hay4 ,:at ,k9d ( ,beet = ,/ock8 ,:i* w\ld be mo/ valuable to plant on riv]-bottom l& = cattle & hog fe$1 sug> beets or mangels8 ,gr[ a l>ge /ock ( beet by all means - ei!r a mangel or a tank>d4 ,usually y w get m weight ?an ) sug> beets2 ! co/ ( h>ve/+ is f> less1 & ! nutritive cont5ts high en\gh4 ,keep+ ,pumpk9s4 ,:at is ! be/ way ( /or+ pumpk9s1 "u ord9>y f>m conditions1 9 a climate su* z we h "h 9 nor!rn ,cali=nia8 ,i h no facilities = cold /orage4 ,all y h to d 9 ?is climate to keep pumpk9s is to keep !m out ( rea* ( ! /ock4 ,!y d n ne$ /orage ( any k9d1 b w keep 9 good condition dur+ ! late autumn & w9t] mon?s 9 any op5-air place :]e !y may be conv5i5t = fe$+ purposes4 ,9 p>ts ( ,cali=nia :]e !re is h>d gr\nd freez+1 protection mu/ be giv5 by cov]+ ) bo>ds or /raw or any o!r mat]ial available4 ,we h no ne$ = root cell>s or cold /orage1 = our w9t] temp]atures are nei!r high nor l[ en\gh to hurt !m4 ,grape ,pomace z ,hog ,fe$4 ,:at is ! value ( grape pomace z a hog fe$8 ,x has be5 sold = #ej c5ts a ton z x comes f ! press at ! w9]y & :5 a p]son has n got any surplus ( o!r fe$s1 x is evid5tly wor? t & !n "s4 ,! only way to fe$ x is to put x up 9 a big pile & let ! hogs take x z !y want x4 ,x w help keep !m gr[+ ?r\gh ! w9t] provid$ !y h o!r fe$ ) x t might n be suffici5t )\t ! pomace4 ,prop] ,fe$+ ( ,"y ,pigs4 ,if ,i put two #ej-p\nd %oats to an acre ( b>ley t w yield #aj or #ab sacks ( gra91 h[ _m mon?s c\ld !y be kept !re to advantage1 & :at ga9 c\ld ,i expect !m to make 9 t "t8 ,if ! pigs h be5 prop]ly f$ & 7 ( good /ock1 !y %\ld h atta9$ a weight ( #ej p\nds at ?ree or f\r mon?s ( age4 ,pigs 9 ?is condition w\ld be m likely to lose ?an ga9 turn$ on a dry b>ley field1 ev5 if ! yield 7 d\ble :at y /ate4 ,b>ley is an excell5t fatt5] = mature hogs1 b is a poor food = "y gr[+ pigs4 ,"y pigs %\ld h a balanc$ ration1 :i* may be def9$ z a little ( almo/ all k9ds ( fe$ & n all ( any "o k9d4 ,we h pigs runn+ on a b>ley field su* z y describe1 & 9 addition to ! b>ley we fe$ !m once a day a slop compos$ ( :eat middl+ & bran 9 equal p>ts by measurem5t1 to :i* we add ab\t #h p] c5t tankage1 & !y seem to be mov+ along nicely4 ,)\t ! slop we don't ?9k !y w\ld hold _! own4 - ,*as4 ,goodman4 ,pie-melons & ,pigs4 ,i h #ad s[s :i* 7 f$ almo/ entirely on pie-melons & milk1 n mu* ( ! latt]4 ,out ( ! #ad1 only #c s[s h sav$ any pigs2 ! re/ lo/ all ! "y !y _h4 ,f\r or five s[s t = ! la/ ?ree weeks h _h no melons1 no?+ b gre5 grass & a little :ole b>ley ea* day1 are sav+ _! pigs all "r4 ,pie-melons are poor fe$ & pigs :i* are n giv5 any?+ bett] ought to fail4 ,gre5 grass & a little :ole b>ley is mu* bett] fe$ ?an pie-melons4 ,pie-melons are useful f$ ) alfalfa hay or "s ri*] food4 ,:eat or ,b>ley = ,hogs4 ,:i* w\ld be ! bett] gra9 = me to buy = hog fe$2 :eat at #a4cj p] hundr$1 or b>ley at #a8 ,w\ld x be wor? pay+ #aj c5ts a hundr$ = roll+1 & !n haul ! gra9 #h miles by wagon8 ,:eat is only consid]$ ab\t #aj p] c5t m valuable z a hog fe$ ?an b>ley1 s t 9 y\r case1 b>ley at #a is ! *eap]4 ,9 ,bullet9 #hj ( ! ,oregon ,/ation x 0 f\nd t cru%$ :eat 0 #bi p] c5t m effici5t ?an ! :ole gra91 & x is safe to say t b>ley w run ab\t ! same1 en\gh s at any rate to pay ! extra #aj c5ts a hundr$ = cru%+ & ! haul+4 ,gra9 & ,pa/ure = ,pigs4 ,:at is ! mo/ pr(itable am\nt ( gra9 to fe$ to spr+ pigs :ile on alfalfa pa/ure1 f ! "t ( wean+ to ! "t ( m>ket+8 ,we d\bt ! pr(it ( fe$+ :ole gra9 to hogs ( any age :ile on gre5 pa/ure4 ,on almo/ all k9ds ( l& !y w get en\gh grit to keep _! tee? sore1 h5ce !y w n ma/icate ! gra9 ?or\ghly4 ,p]fect ma/ication is v ess5tial4 ,we w\ld fe$ ! pigs all ! slop t !y w\ld clean up good twice a day4 ,! slop to be compos$ ( equal p>ts ( corn1 b>ley meal gr\nd f9e1 & :eat middl+s mix$ ) milk4 ,!re is no?+ 9 all ! _w l milk = gr[+ pigs4 ,if milk is n to be _h1 we w\ld add f #e to #aj p] c5t meat meal1 :i* we consid] next to milk4 ,if :ole gra9 is to be us$1 x %\ld be ?or\ghly cook$ on acc\nt ( ! pigs' tee? n be+ 9 condition to *ew ! h>d gra94 - ,*as4 ,goodman4 ,gr[+ ,pigs on ,roots & ,b>ley4 ,we c raise all k9ds ( root crops1 su* z c>rots1 sug> beets1 rutabagas1 etc41 & c[ peas & pumpk9s d wond]fully well4 ,w hogs d well an t k9d ( diet1 especially if giv5 a little b>ley ) x8 ,! plants t y m5tion are good = hog fe$+ & c be us$ to advantage ) a little b>ley z y sugge/4 ,none ( ^! plants are1 h[ev]1 ri* 9 prote9 z alfalfa & ! o!r clov]s are4 ,! reason :y we get su* a rapid & satisfactory gr[? ( "y hogs 9 ,cali=nia is due to ! fact t !y are l>gely kept on alfalfa & rapid gr[? is ! product ( a suffici5t prote9 cont5t 9 ! fodd]4 ,bo? common field peas & c[peas d n possess ?is elem5t1 & if y c gr[ !m !y w s]ve z a sub/itute = ! o!r legumes1 su* z alfalfa4 ,if y are fe$+ skim-milk1 :i* is ri* 9 prote91 roots & gra9 w g well ) t4 ,:eat & ,b>ley = ,fe$+4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce 9 ! fe$+ value ( :eat & b>ley = hogs & horses8 ,!re is v little diff]5ce 9 ! *emical composition ( :eat & b>ley4 ,9 _! physical condition !re is mu* diff]5ce1 *iefly because ( ! adh]+ *aff ( ! b>ley1 :i* makes x m dige/ible because x sep>ates ! />*y mass & enables ! ga/ric juice to "w ^u ! p>ticles m readily & quickly4 ,oats also h ?is "*4 ,?is is v important 9 ! case ( horses1 :i* c quickly be put out ( condition by fe$+ :eat4 ,= hogs & *ick5s x makes mu* less diff]5ce1 & ! abs5ce ( ! *aff gives a great] am\nt ( nutritive matt] to ! ton1 s t :eat is wor? m at ! same ton price4 ,b look out ab\t giv+ horses too mu* :eat4 ,"p ,,vii4 ,diseases ( ,animals ,?is division is l>gely compil$ f ! writ+s ( ,dr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,creely ( ! ,san ,francisco ,vet]9>y ,college4 ,abscess ( ,p>otid ,gl&4 ,my horse has _h a bad cold & x has a l>ge lump on its neck :i* keeps runn+ & does n seem to get any bett]2 x has be5 runn+ = two weeks4 ,?is horse has an abscess ( ! p>otid gl& & ! abscess %\ld be op5$ l>ge en\gh s t ! f+] c be introduc$ to break d[n adhesions1 s t prop] dra9age c be e/abli%$1 aft] :i* wa% out ) a #e p] c5t solution ( p]manganate ( pota%4 ,z ?is is a dang]\s location = a layman to int]f]e )1 ow+ to ! bran*+ ( ! c>otid art]y1 pneumoga/ric n]ve & jugul> ve91 x %\ld be done by a qualifi$ vet]9>ian4 ,=age ,poison+4 ,la/ fall "o ( our horses 0 tak5 ill & _h a swoll5 jaw4 ,he di$ soon & we suppos$ t he _h be5 kick$ & di$ ( lockjaw4 ,?is spr+ ano!r 0 tak5 ill4 ,he began dragg+ ar\nd1 mak+ an ef=t to eat & dr9k1 b n be+ able to swall[ mu*4 ,some?+ seem$ wrong ) 8 ?roat & 8 h9d legs4 ,9 two or ?ree days he got d[n1 seem+ to h no /r5g? 9 8 back4 ,he kept /ruggl+ = two days1 n be+ able to swall[ mu*2 s we put him out ( 8 mis]y4 ,s9ce !n two o!rs h gone (f ! same way4 ,! tr\ble is due to =age poison+1 caus$ by ! eat+ food infe/$ ) poison\s m\lds4 ,! symptoms are inability to swall[ 7p>alysis ( ! muscles ( deglutition7 & p>esis ( ! h9d & =equ>t]s4 ,:5 ! symptoms become advanc$1 treatm5t is ( little avail4 ,h[ev]1 fur!r tr\bles c be prev5t$ by asc]ta9+ ! food :i* is infe/$ ) ?is m\ld4 ,(ttimes1 h[ev]1 su* food may be app>5tly clean to ! eye4 ,make a complete *ange ( food & a ?or\gh clean+ ( y\r /able & corrals ( all old fodd] :i* might be 9 ! mang]s1 or 9 any accessible place4 ,v frequ5tly old food :i* is left 9 ! bottom ( mang]s becomes m\ldy1 & horses pick+ = gra9 :i* might be left 9 x1 eat consid]able quantities ( ?is spoil$ fodd]1 get poison$4 ,= a ,scabby ,swell+4 ,"o ( my c[s has a swell+ on h] h9d leg ) little scabs on x1 fir/ x 0 on ! front leg4 ,x is z big z y\r h&4 ,use ! foll[+1 appli$ once daily3 ,olive oil1 #a p9t2 turp5t9e1 #b ounces2 oil c$>1 #b ounces2 lysol1 #a ounce2 mix & apply4 ,an ,easem5t 9 ,bloat4 ,:at c be done = bloat+8 ,x does n seem to be g5]ally kn[n t to put a bridle on a c[ or put a /ick 9 h] m\? & tie tightly ) a /r+ or /rap up ov] h] head1 s z to keep h] jaws work+1 w relieve bloat4 ,we h giv5 common soda & salt ) good results to our milk c[s4 ,take a :ip & run h] ar\nd ! corral1 aft] giv+ ! soda4 ,?is treatm5t causes ! w9d to pass (f4 ,fatal ,sk9 ,disease4 ,ab\t two mon?s ago a horse 0 turn$ out 9 pa/ure4 ,sev]al ( ! horses 9 ! pa/ure />t$ to lose _! hair4 ,x seem$ to fall away f ! hide1 & leave ! sk9 expos$4 ,! horse t 0 newly turn$ to pa/ure got ! same disease & di$4 ,! o!r horses did n die4 ,! hair on ! horse t _h di$ _h fall5 (f f ! sides & h9d legs4 ,?is is gangr5\s d]matis1 a gangr5\t inflammation ( ! sk94 ,x is due to m\ld1 mu/ or vegetable fungi4 ,remove to a new pa/ure1 give food free f ! fungi1 & apply ! foll[+ o9tm5t to ! sk93 ,lanol9e1 #h ounces2 z9c oxide1 #a ounce2 ,pe>son's ,creol9e1 #a_/b ounce2 tann91 #c dra*ms2 mix & apply once daily4 ,%\ld] ,injury on ,m>e4 ,a "y m>e t bruis$ h] %\ld] on ! po9t ) coll>4 ,x 0 lanc$ & n[ has a h>d lump or call\s1 ab\t ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,:at is be/ to d8 ,%e is n lame1 b x w\ld int]f]e ) ! coll>4 ,get a qualifi$ vet]9>ian to op]ate & entirely remove ! gr[? or y may use ! foll[+ mixture to see if x w n cause x to p>tly absorb & !n use a dut* coll> or a specially padd$ coll>3 ,comp\nd t9ct4 iod9e1 #d ounces2 sulphuric e!r1 #b ounces2 oil c$>1 #b ounces2 turp5t9e1 #d ounces2 mix & apply once daily until bli/]$4 ,horse ) ,worms4 ,:at is ! be/ rem$y = a horse t has worms8 ,i w\ld l to "k1 z ,i h a horse t is gett+ poor ) ?is tr\ble4 ,mix #a_/b p\nd pulv]iz$ & dri$ iron sulphate & #a_/b p\nd bic>bonate ( soda1 & give "o teaspoonful ea* morn+ until ! m$ic9e is gone4 ,aft] ! la/ dose give ! foll[+3 ,turp5t9e1 #b ounces2 fluid extract male f]n1 #a_/b ounce2 ,pe>son's ,creol9s1 #a ounce2 raw l9se$ oil1 #a p9t4 ,mix & give all at "o dose4 ,to improve ! g5]al condition "o may give artificial ,c>lsbad salts1 #a tablespoonful 9 ea* fe$1 & ea* dose to h add$ to x #c to #e gra9s ars5i\s acid4 ,if pl5ty rock salt is all[$ = horses to lick1 !y w be protect$ aga9/ inte/9al p>asites to a slight b useful degree4 ,is ,x ,mange8 ,we h a horse five ye>s old t is always scrat*+ & bit+ himself z if he _h mange or lice4 ,he seems to it* m on 8 %\ld]s & front legs ?an any o!r place4 ,we h wa%$ him ) a c>bolic wa%1 also ) a tea made f tobacco1 b s f> h be5 unable to /op x4 ,he (t5 bites 8 legs bel[ ! knees until he takes (f all ! hair & "p ( ! sk94 ,none ( ! o!r horses are1 tr\bl$1 al?\gh ?is horse has be5 tr\bl$ = ?ree ye>s4 ,apply ! foll[+3 ,lysol1 #a ounce2 k]os5e1 #d ounces2 =mal91 #b dra*ms2 cotton se$ oil1 #i ounces4 ,mix & apply once daily aft] wa%+ ) hot %eep dip solution #aj to #ajj4 ,horse ) ,it*4 ,= ab\t a ye> my horse has be5 it*+ s badly t he has rubb$ (f all ! hair on c]ta9 p>ts ( 8 body4 ,lately he bites 8 tail4 ,:itewa% ! /all once weekly1 scrub ! h>ness1 bru%es1 combs & e /able appliance t he has come 9 contact )4 ,don't use ! same appliance on o!r animals t y use on ?is horse4 ,use ! foll[+ mixture once daily on affect$ spots3 ,milk ( sulphur1 #d ounces2 t9cture ( iod9e1 #d ounces2 turp5t9e1 #d ounces2 k]os5e1 #af ounces2 cottonse$ oil1 #abj ounces4 ,= a ,b[el ,tr\ble4 ,:at c ,i d to relieve a horse t balls up on alfalfa at ! "t ( ! fir/ symptoms8 ,i h be5 bo!r$ consid]ably ) ?is1 & al?\gh ,i "k ! symptoms1 ,i c nev] seem to relieve ! pa9 be=e ! vet]9>y is call$4 ,give ! foll[+ prescription3 ,fluid extract ,cannabis ,indica1 #c ounces2 sulphuric e!r1 #b ounces2 spirits turp5t9e1 #c ounces2 oil pepp]m9t1 #aj drops2 raw l9se$ oil1 #bd ounces4 ,mix4 ,give "o-half at once1 balance 9 "o h\r4 ,if n reliev$ give sev]al hotwat] soap-sud injections4 ,abnormal ,?ir/ ( ,horse4 ,i h a horse ) an abnormal desire = wat]4 ,i notice t 9 dr9k+ %e always wants m ?an ! o!rs4 ,i also notice %e p]spires m freely 9 ! h>ness & ev5 w sweat 9 ! b>n at night4 ,y\r horse has kidney affection1 probably due to fe$+ hay ri* 9 alkal9es4 ,treatm5t3 ,*ange ! fe$ & give #a qu>t ( ?ick flaxse$ tea ?ree times daily4 ,sc\rs4 ,k9dly recomm5d a treatm5t = a horse tr\bl$ ) sc\rs4 ,he is on dry fe$1 b ! tr\ble cont9ues4 ,give v little wat] morn+s & :ile work$1 b give pl5ty at night4 ,fe$ dry roll$ oats1 oat hay1 "o h&ful ( :ole flaxse$ at night1 & ! foll[+ p[d]3 ,bismu? subgalate1 #d ounces2 iron sulphate1 dessicat$1 #h ounces2 bismu? subnitrate1 #h ounces4 ,mix1 & give a heap+ teaspoonful ea* morn+4 ,deprav$ ,appetite4 ,i h a colt ab\t "o ye> old t cont9ually delights 9 *ew+ up h>ness1 ropes1 *ews on ! mang] &1 9 fact1 any?+ x c get a hold (4 ,?is is a condition caus$ by some?+ be+ lack+ 9 ! sy/em 7lime1 salts1 etc474 ,give pl5ty ( salt1 good food1 gra91 etc4 ,get ?is prescription3 ,iron sulphate1 #b ounces2 soda syposulphate1 #d ounces2 ,g5tian root pulv41 #b ounces2 g+]1 #a ounce4 ,mix & give teaspoonful daily4 ,good ,d5ti/ ,ne$$4 ,i h an old horse :i* has always be5 fat & q full ( life until "r lately4 ,n[ he is gett+ ?9 & looks bad4 ,he eats 8 food all "r4 ,i _h 8 tee? fix$ a few weeks ago4 ,! man said !y 7 bad & he fix$ !m z well z he c\ld4 ,!re is probably an excessively long mol> project+ into a cavity & ! project+ mol> %\ld be cut (f by a qualifi$ vet]9>ian4 ,! horse w beg9 to pick up & gr[ fat almo/ z soon z ! condition is reliev$4 ,mo/ horse own]s w p]mit e p]son ) a float to ru9 a horse's m\? )\t inquir+ :e!r ! d5ti/ possesses prop] qualifications z c]tifi$ by a ,/ate lic5se & diploma4 ,kidney ,tr\ble4 ,my horse has "s tr\ble 9 pass+ wat]4 ,:at c ,i give him t may be put 9 ! ma%8 ,i don't ?9k 8 tr\ble is due all to old age1 = x didn't come on gradually4 ,give gran4 sal nitre3 a teaspoonful daily 9 wat] is good to /imulate ! kidneys4 ,= ,*ronic ,indige/ion4 ,i h giv5 my horse condition p[d]s = indige/ion1 b h] hair is r\gh /ill4 ,d y advise fe$+ on ! road :5 a horse leaves ! /able at #aj a4 m41 travel+ cont9ually = ?irty miles1 return+ #e3cj p4 m41 be+ f$ at #g a4 m48 ,a great majority ( condition p[d]s conta9 res9 & antimony4 ,:ile a slight am\nt may be b5eficial1 cont9u$ use results 9 affection ( ! kidneys by ov]-/imulation4 ,give ! foll[+ = indige/ion3 ,bismu? sub9trate1 #a ounce2 p[d]$ peps9e1 #a ounce2 soda bi c>bonate1 #ab ounces2 c>bonate iron1 #b ounces4 ,mix & give a heap+ teaspoon twice daily4 ,by all means fe$ y\r horse ?ree times daily & wat] z (t5 z y c4 ,x is unnecess>y to w>n y t ! horse mu/ n be ov]heat$ :5 y give ! noonday fe$4 ,w\nd ,sore4 ,my colt got its h9d leg cut on b>b$ wire "s weeks ago4 ,!re is a hole ab\t an in* & "o-half deep 9 ! c5t] ( ! sore :i* w n heal4 ,! inside ( ! sore does n seem v t5d]1 b ! leg /ays swoll5 all ( ! "t & is some:at fev]i%4 ,?is is probably a fi/ul\s track t %\ld be curett$ by a vet]9>ian1 aft] :i* ! foll[+ =mula c\ld be us$ to heal3 ,acetanilide1 #a_/b ounce2 z9c oxide1 #a_/d ounce2 bismu? subgalate1 #a #a_/d ounce4 ,mix & apply on cotton & b&age once daily aft] wa%+4 ,w>ts on ,horse4 ,h[ c w>ts be remov$ f a horse's hide8 ,we use sulphuric acid4 ,! results 7 favorable f ! v />t4 ,! w>ts rapidly %runk away & f9ally disappe>$ entirely4 ,! acid is appli$ to ! cr[n ( ! w>t ) a small swab or simil> in/rum5t1 & only 9 suffici5t quantities to wet ! cr[n surface ( ! w>t4 ,x %\ld be appli$ ab\t ?ree times a week until ! w>t is well r$uc$4 ,don't use too mu* acid1 & don't keep up ! application too long - ,a4 ,f4 ,ett]4 ,kidney ,tr\ble 9 ,horse4 ,:at is ! rem$y = a horse t /ops (t5 to ur9ate :ile work+8 ,! horse is affect$ by an irritation ( ! kidneys4 ,give #a qu>t ( flaxse$ tea daily1 *ange ! food & give #a dra*m ( ,c4 ,p4 hydro-*loric acid 9 "o bucket ( dr9k+ wat]4 ,ca/ration ( ,colt4 ,:i* is ! correct & be/ way to ca/rate a ye>l+ colt1 ) an emasculator or a blade1 & :5 is ! prop] "t8 ,an emasculator is ! only in/rum5t to use 9 ca/rat+4 ,! object 9 us+ any in/rum5t is to prev5t a hemorrhage1 & no?+ works ) s mu* c]ta9ty & quickness4 ,! ,a4 ,hausman & ,dunn emasculator is recomm5d$4 ,! prop] "t is :5 ! wea!r is mild1 ! grass at its be/ & ! colt 9 good condition4 ,= a ,*ronic ,c\gh4 ,we h a m>e sev5 ye>s old t is tr\bl$ ) a *ronic c\gh1 & at times %[s symptoms ( heaves1 & also has occasionally a :ite foamy dis*>ge f ! no/rils4 ,%e is a gre$y eat] & dr9k] & h] excreta is (t5 v (f5sive4 ,if %e expels flatus :5 %e c\ghs1 ?is w\ld indicate a pr$isposition to heaves4 ,wet all food1 z dry or du/y food aggravates ! c\gh4 ,give ! foll[+3 ,spirits camphor1 #d ounces2 ,fl4 ,ext4 belladonna1 #b ounces2 neutral oil1 #h ounces2 oil eucalyptus1 #b ounces4 ,mix & give tablespoonful ?ree times daily4 ,*ronic ,indige/ion4 ,i h a m>e elev5 ye>s old4 ,give h] pl5ty ( oats1 hay1 gra9 & a little alfalfa hay ?ree nights p] week & leave salt :]e %e c get at x1 b %e is fall+ (f & h] hair does n lie d[n prop]ly4 ,%e eats well & h] sy/em seems to be 9 good condition4 ,h _h h] tee? att5d$ to s %e *ews h] food well4 ,?is condition is caus$ by ! animal n be+ able to prop]ly ma/icate ! food4 ,h y\r d5ti/ exam9e ! m\? aga91 or y c c>efully exam9e ! feces & see if x %[s :ole gra91 or long pieces ( hay4 ,= ,%ort-,w9d or ,heaves4 ,i h a m>e t has some?+ wrong ) h] w9d4 ,ab\t six mon?s ago ,i notic$ h] w9d 0 n good & %e _h a slight c\gh1 & ab\t a week lat]1 :ile work+ h]1 %e seem$ to *oke d[n & almo/ di$ be=e %e got h] w9d1 & s9ce !n %e sometimes takes ^? spells %\ld %e trot (f briskly = a %ort di/ance4 ,give two #c_/b-ounce doses ( ,f[l]'s solution ars5ic daily4 ,du/y or mu/y hay w aggravate ! symptoms4 ,?or\ghly %ake out ! du/ & wet ! hay4 ,fe$ hay only at night4 ,give ! animal z little fe$ & wat] z possible be=e be+ put to "w4 ,cont9ue ?is treatm5t "o mon? if necess>y4 ,! foll[+ is a case ( exp]i5ce ) ?is treatm5t3 ,= a rem$ial ag5t we began to use ,f[l]'s ,solution ( ,ars5ic1 9 two teaspoonful doses at fir/4 once a day1 put 9 ! wat] ) :i* ! hay 0 moi/5$4 ,^! doses 7 giv5 = a few days1 !n skipp$ = a day1 !n cont9u$ = five or six days aga94 ,?is treatm5t has be5 cont9u$4 ,at times :5 ! tr\ble 0 mo/ sev]e1 giv+ a great spoonful at a dose1 twice a day = two days1 !n /opp+ = a day or two1 always be+ sure to mix x ) ! wat] :i* ! hay is moi/5$1 s t x %all be tak5 into ! /oma* v sl[ly4 ,?is c\rse ( treatm5t has s]v$ to s relieve ! disease t nature has ne>ly or q ov]come x4 ,side-,bone4 ,i h a #aejj-p\nd #c-ye>-old colt ) small brittle feet t has side bone com+ on left front foot caus$ by driv+ him b>efoot on ! road two or ?ree mon?s ago4 ,a good bli/] ( ! foll[+ once e six weeks = ?ree times w /op ! side-bones f gr[+4 ,side-bones on a draft horse are n consid]$ an uns\ndness2 9 light fa/ driv]s x is an incurable blemi% caus+ lam5ess4 ,side-bones _c be remov$4 ,use ?is bli/]3 ,simple c]ate1 #d ounces2 can?>ides1 #c dra*ms2 b9 iodide m]cury1 #b dra*ms4 ,mix ?or\ghly & apply aft] clipp+ hair4 ,fungus ,poison+4 ,"o ( my m>es1 e ev5+ aft] a full day's "w h>r[+1 /&s = an h\r or s ) h] head to ! gr\nd1 %ak+ x frequ5tly & n t\*+ ! fe$ till ! spell 0 ov]4 ,%e does n seem to be any worse (f1 & 9 ! morn+ seems to be 9 good %ape4 ,?is is due to a mold or fungus 9 ! e>? or hay4 ,let !m h access to pl5ty ( wat] dur+ ! day4 ,9 ! morn+ fe$ give a h&ful ( sodium hyposulphate4 ,treatm5t = ,horse's ,feet4 ,! soles ( ! =e feet ( a f9e #d-ye>-old horse1 weight #acej1 are r spongy & gr[ d[n fa/] ?an ! ho(1 sometimes caus+ slight lam5ess4 ,he is n on s(t pa/ure1 b is /abl$ all ! "t4 ,n[ h b> %oes on him4 ,:at treatm5t d y recomm5d8 ,use lea!r1 t> & okum & a di%-%oe4 ,= a ,cleft ,ho(4 ,i h a horse ) a crack$ ho(4 ,"o h9d foot has be5 9 a bad condition1 ! o!r seems to be beg9n+ to crack4 ,c any?+ be done by fe$+ or o!rwise to t\gh5 ! ho(s & r5d] !m less liable to crack8 ,apply ! foll[+3 ,honey1 #b ounces2 yell[ wax1 #d ounces2 t>1 #b ounces2 olive oil1 #h ounces4 ,melt1 mix & apply once daily4 ,/iff ,jo9ts4 ,i h a horse t 0 bruis$ on ! ankle ab\t two ye>s ago4 ,?is is n[ produc+ an enl>gem5t ( ! bone & /iffness ( ! jo9t4 ,apply ! foll[+ l9im5t3 ,sulphuric e!r1 #a ounce2 t9ct4 iod9e1 #a ounce2 pulv4 camphor1 #a ounce2 alcohol1 ounces2 turp5t9e1 #b ounces2 oil ( c$>1 #b ounces4 ,treatm5t = ,nail ,puncture4 ,our horse got a nail 9 8 foot4 ,x 0 a wire nail1 ru/y1 ent]+ ab\t "o in* f ! po9t ( ! frog1 & j punctur+ f> en\gh to rea* a s5sitive "p ( ! ho(4 ,x occurr$ six days ago2 ! nail 0 pull$ at once1 ! ho( cut op51 & ?or\ghly clean$ ) turp5t9e 7! fir/ ?+ we c\ld get71 !n lat] fill$ ) iod9e4 ,s9ce !n ,i h kept on a flaxse$ p\ltice4 ,! treatm5t ) turp5t9e & iod9e 0 prop] & %\ld prove a success4 ,if ! foot becomes t5d] & inflam$1 x w be because all dirt 0 n remov$ f ! w\nd1 & ! p\ltice %\ld be tak5 (f1 all =eign matt] remov$ f ! w\nd1 & ! treatm5t repeat$4 ,9 case ( simil> accid5ts1 o!r dis9fectants c\ld be us$ 9 place ( turp5t9e or iod9e4 ,pregnancy ( ,m>e4 ,is !re any way to tell :5 a m>e is 9 foal8 ,i h _h a vet]9>ian & he c\ld n tell me4 ,!re is no v good way to tell :e!r a m>e is 9 foal = "s "t4 ,practically speak+1 ! safe/ way to d is to h h] br$ e "t %e comes 9 heat until %e takes ! /allion no long]4 ,ev5 !n "s m>es w come 9 heat a c\ple ( times aft] gett+ 9 foal4 ,if ! sexual excitem5t spe$ily subsides & ! m>e p]si/5tly refuses ! /allion = a mon?1 %e is probably pregnant1 ?\gh n surely s4 ,also if a vici\s m>e becomes g5tle aft] s]vice x is an excell5t indication ( pregnancy2 likewise pregnant m>es w v (t5 put on fat rapidly aft] conception & w be unable & unwill+ to d z h>d "w z be=e4 ,enl>gem5t ( ! abdom51 especially 9 its l[] ?ird1 ) slight fall+ 9 b5ea? ! lo9s & holl[ness ( ! back are significant symptoms1 ?\gh !y may be entirely abs5t4 ,swell+ & firmness ( ! udd]1 ) ! smoo?+ out ( its wr9kles1 is a sugge/ive sign1 ev5 ?\gh x appe>s only at int]vals dur+ ge/ation4 ,a /eady increase ( weight 7#a #a_/d p\nds daily7 ab\t ! f\r? or fif? mon? is a useful indication ( pregnancy4 ,! fur!r along ! m>e is 9 ge/ation ! m pron\nc$ ! symptoms become4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages x is naturally mu* m difficult to detect1 especially ) ! great diff]5ces 9 diff]5t m>es4 ,cessation ( heat & *anges ( disposition are ab\t ! be/ signs 9 e>ly /ages4 ,diseas$ ,ut]us ( ,m>e4 ,i h a brood m>e t has giv5 me two f9e colts1 b = ! la/ two ye>s ,i h n be5 able to get h] ) foal4 ,%e takes s]vice & !n refuses s]vice = ?ree or f\r mon?s1 & ab\t ! "t ,i come to ! conclusion t %e is safe ) foal %e w pass (f great quantities ( matt]y sub/ance4 ,i h _h h] ?or\ghly wa%$ out ) ,lysol previ\s to bre$+1 b s f> %e has repeat$ ?is p]=mance ea* "t ab\t ?ree or f\r mon?s aft] s]vice4 ,?is is a disease ( ! ov>ies or ut]us2 p]haps mumification ( a foetus4 ,irrigate ) a normal salt solution 7teaspoon salt to ea* p9t ( w>m wat]7 only daily4 ,ins]t ! solution ?r\gh ! neck ( ! womb into ! ut]us4 ,give int]nally #a_/b ounce daily ( ,f[l]'s ,solution ( ,ars5ic4 ,deep-,seat$ ,abscess4 ,i h a mule :i* has a swell+ on ! ?roat ab\t :]e ! ?roatlat* t\*es4 ,x j seems to be swoll5 h>d & n sore4 ,i am us+ cau/ic l9im5t to fe/] x s x w come to a head & ,i c op5 x1 b ! l9im5t does n seem to d mu* good4 ,! mule is los+ fle% & does n eat mu*4 ,?is mule %\ld be op]at$ ^u at once by a qualifi$ vet]9>ian4 ,! application ( l9im5ts or bli/]s are useless2 ! knife only w effect a cure4 ,! fact t ! mule is los+ fle% makes ! case s]i\s4 ,cure = ,cock$ ,ankles4 ,i h a #d-ye>-old m>e t has cock$ ankles1 & w\ld l to "k :at treatm5t to give h]4 ,cock$ ankles are due to an inflammation ( ! t5dons back ( ! ankle & a draw+ up or contraction 9 consequ5ce4 ,put on heel calks "o in*1 no toe1 to re/ & relieve ! back t5dons f /ra94 ,apply ! foll[+ l9im5t at night1 aft] :i* put on cold-wat] swabs & let !m rema9 all night3 ,soap l9im5t1 #h ounces2 t9cture iod9e1 #b ounces2 oil c$>1 #d ounces2 sulphuric e!r1 #b ounces4 ,mix & apply once daily4 ,dehorn+4 ,:i* is ! be/ way to dehorn c[s & calves8 ,! be/ "t to dehorn c[s is 9 ! spr+1 be=e ! fly season />ts4 ,x is be/ n to h a c[ too f> along 9 calf be=e dehorn+1 z %e is v apt to lose h] calf4 ,x is also bett] to dehorn be=e y\r c[s fre%51 because :5 c[s are milk+ & are dehorn$ !y w g back 9 _! milk a great deal = ! fir/ mon? aft] ! dehorn+ has tak5 place4 ,calves c be dehorn$ by bli/]+ ! little buttons be=e !y adh]e to ! skull4 ,?is is v simple & n pa9ful4 ,fir/ clip ! hair ab\t ! horns & wet ! little loose button & apply cau/ic pota%1 9 /ick =m1 by rubb+ x on ! damp horn4 ,rememb]1 ?is mu/ be done be=e ! horn adh]es to ! skull4 ,also rememb] n to use wat] en\gh to run ! lye away f ! button & rub until ! sk9 r$d5s4 ,also1 look out to keep y\r end ( ! pota% /ick dry or y may dehorn ! tips ( y\r f+]s4 ,p>alysis ,dur+ ,pregnancy4 ,i h a c[ t w fre%5 9 a few days4 ,ab\t six days ago %e seem$ weak 9 h] h9d legs & on go+ d[nhill w\ld drag or /umble = #aj or #ab feet1 !n cat* h]self & g on r wobbly4 ,pregnant animals ab\t to br+ =? _! "y sometimes %[ a p>alysis or loss ( p[] 9 _! h9d p>ts due to pressure ( foetus4 ,nature corrects ?is aft] bir?4 ,bloody ,milk4 ,:at c be done to /op bloody milk8 ,milk ea* teat 9 a sep>ate glass j>1 let /& to asc]ta9 :i* teat ! r$ specks are com+ f1 !n milk ! teats clean & inject ! infect$ teat ) equal p>ts ( hydrog5 dioxide & wat]4 ,aft] a few h\rs inject #d dra*ms ( f]ric *loride 9 #a ounce ( wat]4 ,!n milk clean4 ,to ,cleanse ,c[s4 ,my c[s are heal?y & calves all "r1 b seem to h tr\ble ?r[+ ! aft]bir?4 ,wa% out twice daily ) ab\t #a gallon ( normal salt solution 7teaspoonful ( salt to ea* p9t ( w>m wat]74 ,give int]nally ! foll[+ p[d]3 ,pulv4 g5tian1 #d ounces2 puv4 slipp]y elm1 #a ounce2 puv4 *>coal1 #a ounce2 pulv4 hyposulphate ( soda4 #h ounces4 ,mix & give a heap+ teaspoonful twice daily4 ,treatm5t = ,cak$ ,bag4 ,i h a c[ ^: udd] is cak$ h>d & has be5 swoll5 f ! udd] to ! =elegs4 ,?is latt] swell+ has gone d[n by apply+ equal mixture ( turp5t9e & l>d1 b ! udd] itself /ill rema9s h>d4 ,:5 fir/ notic$1 "o teat cak$1 !n ano!r1 until all f\r are cak$ alike4 ,ins]t a milk tube & inject ! foll[+3 ,hydrog5 dioxide1 #h ounces2 t9cture iron *loride1 #a ounce2 wat]1 #g ounces4 ,inject into ea* affect$ teat4 ,apply ! foll[+ ext]nally3 ,camphorat$ oil1 #h ounces2 t9cture belladonna1 #b ounces2 oil eucalyptus1 #b ounces4 ,mix & apply twice daily4 ,g>get4 ,i h a c[ :i* gave ri* milk all ! "t1 b n[ e "t ,i milk h] "s yell[1 h>d sub/ance w come out in/ead ( milk4 ,fir/ f "o teat1 !n ! next1 & :5 ,i /ra9 ! milk ! /ra9] w be full ( h>d yell[ specks4 ,y\r c[ has und\bt$ly be5 affect$ ) g>get4 ,?is milk %\ld n be us$4 ,! condition is be/ treat$ by massag+ ! udd] e day ) camphorat$ oil4 ,x w also be necess>y = y to cont9ue to milk h] regul>ly until ab\t six weeks be=e %e is due to fre%51 at :i* "t y %\ld proce$ to dry h] up4 ,infecti\s ,ma/itis4 ,we h a #b-ye>-old heif]1 :i*1 two weeks be=e %e 0 due to fre%51 _h a l>ge udd] slightly cak$4 ,^u press+ ! teat a dis*>ge ( blood issues f ea* teat4 ,?is is infecti\s ma/itis4 ,x may be due to a bruise or bl[ or infection introduc$ ?r\gh ! milk duct4 ,! fir/ is mo/ likely4 ,apply camphorat$ oil ext]nally & inject into ! affect$ udd] "s hydrog5 dioxide 7p]oxide ( hydrog54 - ,,editor474 ,aft] t5 m9utes1 milk out aga94 ,repeat once daily4 ,a ,mangy ,c[4 ,i h a milk c[ ) "s tr\ble ab\t h] head1 neck & %\ld]s1 :i* causes h] to rub h]self en\gh to make raw spots & take (f mo/ all ( ! hair f ! p>ts affect$4 ,! tr\ble has be5 /&+ = #ah mon?s1 b ,i h be5 us+ m$ic9e at diff]5t times1 :i* /ops ! rubb+1 & ! "p w cov] ) hair nicely aga91 b 9 due "t ! tr\ble %[s up aga94 ,?is c[ seems to h mange or scabbies1 :i* is caus$ by a p>asite & is easily spread by contact to o!r cattle4 ,x %\ld be treat$ by two or ?ree applications1 t5 days ap>t1 ( a hot solution ( creol91 well scrubb$ into ! sk94 ,! solution is made by mix+ five tablespoonfuls ( creol9 9 a gallon ( hot wat]4 ,! treatm5t %\ld be appli$ pretty well ov] ! body to cov] all ! affect$ p>ts1 & ne$s to be repeat$ 9 t5 days to de/roy ! y\ng] g5]ation4 ,! %$s %\ld be clean$ & :itewa%$4 ,irritation on ,back ( ,udd]4 ,i h a ye>l+ heif] :i* has sore teats & blot*es j back ( h] bag :i* seem to it*4 ,h] "m _h a sort ( eczema on h] neck4 ,i fe> h] sore teats w spoil h] = milk+ :5 %e comes 9 next ye>4 ,! foll[+ treatm5t is advis$3 ,dr5* ) #a p\nd ( ,epsom salts dissolv$ 9 a c\ple qu>ts ( wat]4 ,! sores may be treat$ by wa%+ !m ) a #b p] c5t solution ( "o ( ! coalt> dis9fectants1 su* z creol94 ,aft] ! sores h be5 all[$ to dry naturally1 a v little p[d]$ calomel may be du/$ !reon4 ,d ?is e o!r day = a few days4 ,enl>g$ ,gl& on ,neck4 ,i h a calf t has a lump on h] neck1 :i* appe>$ :5 %e 0 two days old4 ,! lump is gett+ l>g]4 ,?is is probably an enl>g$ ?yroid gl&4 ,apply ! foll[+ once daily = sev]al weeks & let x alone unless x becomes too l>ge or gets v s(t1 :i* is unlikely4 ,*ur*ill's t9cture iod9e1 #h ounces2 turp5t9e1 #a ounce2 sulphuric e!r1 #b ounces2 oil anise$1 #a_/b ounce4 ,mix & apply once daily4 ,lumpy ,jaw4 ,"s ( my c[s h h>d lumps on _! jaws1 or lumpy jaw4 ,c t be cur$1 & h[8 ,?is is ,act9omycosis 7lumpy jaw7 & is due to ray fungi 7act9omyces7 :i* are f\nd orig9ally on plants :i* ent] ! body 9 v>i\s ways4 ,! tr\ble usually appe>s 9 ! upp] or l[] jaws ( cattle1 :]e x g5]ally produces tumors ( bone or s(t tissues4 ,= treatm5t give #a #a_/b dra*ms ( iodide ( pota% 9 #a_/b p9t ( wat] daily = #ad days4 ,increase to #b dra*ms = #ad m days1 & !n gradually decrease4 ,divide ! tumor & ins]t gauze saturat$ ) t9cture ( iod9e = #d days4 ,9 #h days a visible improvem5t w be notic$1 ,a ,neck-,swell+4 ,my c[ has a swell+ "u h] neck betwe5 h] jaw bones ab\t ! size ( a baseball & almo/ z h>d4 ,x is n atta*$ to any?+ app>5tly1 b l>gely susp5d$ by ! sk9 at ! entrance to ! ?roat4 ,cut directly ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! enl>gem5t1 clean to ! bottom1 splitt+ x wide op54 ,clean x out ) p]oxide ( hydrog51 aft] :i* saturate absorb5t cotton ) t9cture iod9e1 pack 9 tight & sew ! sk9 to hold x 9 place4 ,remove ! dress+ 9 #dh h\rs & wa% ) %eep dip 7tablespoon to #a qu>t ( w>m wat]7 twice daily4 ,?is may be tub]cul>1 or ! result ( foxtail1 etc4 ,c[ ,*ew+ ,bones4 ,"o ( my c[s is cont9ually *ew+ bones4 ,:at c ,i d to prev5t x8 ,give ! c[ good clean hay2 "s root crop1 cocoanut meal1 bran or soy-bean meal4 ,if ! c[ does n /op mix 9 ! dr9k+ wat] twice daily a little dilute hydro*loric acid4 ,also1 h boxes arrang$ ne> fe$+ /alls :i* conta9 wood a%es1 slak$ lime & salt4 ,swell+ on ! ,dewlap4 ,i h a c[ t has a l>ge lump at ! po9t ( ! brea/bone1 ! dewlap4 ,?is lump is z l>ge z a cocoanut1 & 0 caus$1 ,i ?9k1 by friction aga9/ a l[ mang] 9 eat+4 ,get equal p>ts ( t9cture ( iod9e & soap l9im5t & rub onto ! swell+ twice daily = a week4 ,b>r5 ,heif]s4 ,i h ?ree heif]s1 #c ye>s old1 :i* h run ) ! bull "r along & h fail$ ) calf2 h _h ?ree diff]5t bulls to !m2 :at c be done8 ,!re is a possibility ( contagi\s abortion caus+ ^! heif]s to fail to bre$4 ,if ?is has occurr$ 9 ! h]d1 ! heif]s are v apt to be affect$4 ,if app>5tly heal?y1 r$uce me fe$ & make ! heif]s take consid]able ex]cise to r$uce fle%4 ,give ea* a dram ( p[d]$ nux vom,ica & "o-half dram ( dri$ sulphate ( iron once daily 9 a little fe$4 ,bre$ to a heal?y bull :5 ! heif]s come 9 heat4 ,a ,/]ile ,c[4 ,i h a v f9e ,j]sey c[4 ,i h _h h] to ! bull e mon?1 & c't get h] ) calf4 ,9 an isolat$ case ( ?is k9d !re is probably "s disease ( ! g5]ative organs or "s condition :]eby ! impregnation _c occur ev5 :5 ! animal is br$4 ,! ov>ies may be cy/ic2 !re may be *ronic inflammation ( ! womb & possibly ! m\? ( ! womb 0 injur$ at la/ calf bir? & ! sc> prev5ts its admitt+ ! f]tiliz+ cells4 ,if possible1 a vet]9>ian %\ld make a c>eful exam9ation ( ?is c[ 9 ord] to det]m9e :at ! tr\ble is4 ,h[ev]1 ?is treatm5t may be tri$3 ,ab\t ! "t ( com+ 9 heat1 give ! c[ a l>ge dose ( glaub]s salts 7"o p\nd7 & ! nux vomica & iron treatm5t advis$ = ,b>r5 ,heif]s 9 ano!r p>agraph4 ,be=e bre$+ ! c[1 apply a little extract ( belladonna & glyc]9e to ! m\? ( ! womb & bre$ a few h\rs aft]4 ,sup]num]>y ,teat4 ,on ! upp] "p ( "o ( ! h9d teats ( a "y ,j]sey c[ t fre%5$ rec5tly = ! fir/ "t1 !re is a small gr[? f :i* ! milk comes m pl5tifully ?an f ! natural op5+ bel[4 ,h[1 if at all1 c ?is op5+ be clos$ )\t dry+ ! c[8 ,! milk f x runs all ov] ! milk]'s h& & makes milk+ v disagreeable4 ,! only ?+ t c be done until ! c[ is dry is to tie ! small teat up be=e milk+4 ,?is c be done ) a /r+1 rubb] b&1 or an ord9>y clamp4 ,if x is s small t ! op5+ _c be ti$1 !re is no?+ to d1 except1 p]haps to use1 h] z a nurse = calves4 ,two ( ^! might run ) h] at a "t1 mak+ way = o!rs z soon z !y are able to look aft] !mselves4 ,q a numb] ( calves c sometimes be h&l$ 9 a s+le ye> by a c[ affect$ ?is way & ! b5efit to ! calves might be ne>ly z mu* z by us+ ! c[ = butt] production4 ,:5 ! c[ is dry ! teat c be amputat$ & ! op5+ w close :5 ! sore heals1 or a /ick ( lun> cau/ic c be ins]t$ into x1 caus+ a w\nd t w heal solid4 ,infection ( ,udd]4 ,la/ ye> "o ( my c[s _h milk fev] :i* affect$ h] udd]4 ,?is ye> aft] fre%5+ %e milk$ two mon?s :5 %e sudd5ly w5t dry on "o side ( h] udd]4 ,%e is n[ badly /iff5$ up 9 h] h9d qu>t]s & (f h] fe$4 ,! c[ has infecti\s ma/itis due to introduction ( "s infection4 ,give a sal9e purge 7#a p\nd4 glaub] salt71 inject p]oxide ( hydrog51 aft] :i* pump 91 /]ile air4 ,apply ext]nally camphorat$ oil once daily4 ,camphorat$ oil has a t5d5cy to dry up ! secretion ( ! gl& & is us$ advis$ly4 ,lumps 9 ,teats4 ,my c[ has h>d lumps 91 h] teats & l[] "p ( ! bag4 ,^! cause pa9 to h] on milk+1 b !re are no o!r symptoms ( disord]4 ,?is condition has prevail$ sev]al mon?s4 ,give #a dra*m4 iodide pota% daily = "o week2 #b dra*ms ! second week #c dra*ms ! ?ird week1 add r$uce z y began4 ,if tumors are small & int]f]e ) ! fl[ ( milk !y c be remov$4 ,w\nd 9 ,teat4 ,i h a c[ ) an op5 slit ab\t "o-f\r? to "o-?ird ( an in* 9 ! side ( "o teat4 ,i h lac]at$ ! edges & /it*$ ! slit well toge!r _m times b ! milk w ooze out & prev5t heal+ toge!r4 ,i h us$ numb]less milk tubes to no avail1 z ! flange on ! tubes loose out4 ,:5 ,i remove ! flange ! tubes creep up into ! udd] & x is a tr\ble to get !m out aga94 ,w\nds ( a quiesc5t udd] usually heal1 b if ! c[ is 9 milk & ! lesions involve ! teats x is exce$+ly difficult to heal ! w\nd1 z ! irritation delays or int]rupts ! heal+ process4 ,! foll[+ lotion is "o ( ! v be/ to use = teat w\nd3 ,t9ct4 iod9e1 #b ounces2 t9ct4 arnica1 #b ounces2 glyc]9e1 #b ounces2 comp4 t9ct4 b5zo9e1 #b ounces4 ,mix & apply twice daily aft] wa%+ ) #e p] c5t solution c>bolic acid & ca/ile soap4 ,y\r milk tube mu/ be an anci5t "o z all milk tubes ( today are self-reta9]s & c\ld n slip into ! udd]4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to boil ! tube previ\s to ea* us+ z y may cause an infection ( ! udd] by a fil?y tube4 ,injury to ,udd]4 ,i h a c[ :i* has a ga!r+ 9 ! back ( h] udd] :i* seems to be "s sort ( injury4 ,x has be5 !re b a few days4 ,?is injury 0 caus$ by a bl[ or traumatism4 ,?or\ghly scrape out ! diseas$ tissue & aft] wa%+ ) %eep-dip wat] 7tablespoon to "o qu>t7 apply ! foll[+ p[d]3 ,mix ! foll[+ p[d] & apply x to ! w\nd3 ,iod(orm1 #a dra*m2 boric acid1 #a ounce2 alum1 #a_/b ounce2 z9c oxide1 #a_/b ounce4 ,be sure & ins]t ?is p[d] into ! bottom ( ! w\nd1 s t x w rea* all diseas$ p>ts4 ,bl9d ,teat4 ,:at c ,i d = a bl9d teat8 ,! c[ has j fre%5$ & t qu>t] ( h] udd] is v full1 b !re is no milk 9 ! teat4 ,i h be5 rubb+ & greas+ ! udd]4 ,! bl9d qu>t] is slightly inflam$4 ,an artificial op5+ %\ld be made 9 ! teat at once4 ,call 9 ! ne>e/ physician unless y h a regul> graduate vet]9>ian ne>4 ,c[ ,pox4 ,i h a ye>l+ heif] :i* is 9 f9e condition & mak+ good gr[?4 ,b all f\r ( h] teats h sores on !m & are mo/ly cov]$ ) scabs4 ,x is probably c[ pox4 ,give a physic ( glaub] & epsom salts mix$ #d ounces ( ea* to ! heif] & d\ble ! dose to ! c[4 ,apply ext]nally1 once daily1 aft] wa%+1 ! foll[+ prescription3 ,z9c o9tm5t1 #d ounces2 iod(orm1 #a_/b ounce2 glyc]9e1 #b ounces2 c>bolic acid1 #b dra*ms4 ,mix ?or\ghly & apply4 to sores4 ,cause ( ,loss ( ,cud4 ,ab\t ?ree mon?s ago a pure-br$ ,j]sey comm5c$ to fail on h] milk & soon w5t dry1 al?\gh on good fe$4 ,did n seem to be sick1 b did n eat rav5\sly z %e g5]ally did1 & little 0 ?\ght ( x4 ,dur+ ! pa/ six weeks %e has fail$ rapidly4 ,does n *ew h] cud1 fro?s at ! m\?1 runs at ! eyes1 & :5 %e eats any?+ mu* x bloats h]4 ,9 fact1 %e seems bloat$ all ! "t4 ,%e is lifeless & w h>dly move ar\nd1 gett+ v ?91 & hair /&+ ! wrong way4 ,is !re su* a ?+ z a c[ los+ h] cud8 ,mo/ p imag9e a c['s cud is some?+ mat]ial4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 9 a c]ta9 s5se ! words appetite & cud are synonym\s4 ,y c say a c[ has lo/ h] appetite or a c[ has lo/ h] cud4 ,n[1 any sickness sev]e en\gh w cause a c[ to lose h] appetite4 ,! bloat+ is caus$ f indige/ion second>y to "s organic disease1 probably tub]culosis4 ,keep up ! c['s /r5g? by giv+ cond5s$ floods or dr5*es ( egg-nogg1 gruel or gre5s4 ,give w>m salt-wat] injections twice daily & give ! foll[+ mixture3 ,qu99e sulphate1 #b ounces2 ,antipyr9e1 #a ounce2 ammonia muriate1 #c ounces2 alcohol1 #a qu>t2 wat] #a qu>t4 ,mix2 give #b ounces e f\r h\rs4 ,calf ,dys5t]y4 ,i w\ld l to "k ! reason = bloody dis*>ges f ! b[els ( a "y six-day-old calf4 ,!re is a loos5ess ( ! b[els & ! blood is int]m+l$ ) ! excrem5t4 ,!re is n a pr(use am\nt ( blood1 nor is x v d>k 9 color1 & x seems to be accompani$ ) mucus or light1 ?ick sub/ance4 ,?is is dys5t]y1 due to sc\rs s preval5t 9 calves4 ,give #f ounces olive oil1 #d dra*ms bismu? subnitrate & #a dra*m ,pe>son's creol9e4 ,! dis*>ge is v dang]\s to o!r animals4 ,bov9e ,rheumatism4 ,our ,j]sey c[ got some:at lame "o ye> ago 9 "o hip or leg aft] calv+ b soon got bett]4 ,la/ ,june :5 %e came 9 "o leg 0 lame4 ,x seems to be 9 ! /iffle jo9t & ! fir/ "o above4 ,:5 %e walks %e gets real lame4 ,rheumatism is ! tr\ble "h4 ,give ! foll[+ p[d]3 ,soda salicylate1 #c ounces2 salol1 #b ounces2 pulv4 g5tian root1 #b ounces4 ,mix & make #bd p[d]s4 ,give f\r daily4 ,apply ,pratt's1 a good vet]9>y l9im5t4 ,ble$+ = ,blackleg4 ,i h read sev]al articles on blackleg1 & x seems /range to me t no m5tion is made ( an op]ation t is an absolute prev5tive1 namely1 ble$+ 9 ! feet4 ,! reason t no special m5tion ( ble$+ is made is t x is n n[ consid]$ ! prev5tive t x once 04 ,"s p appe> to h fair success ) x1 & o!rs no success at all4 ,! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry /ates t ! evid5ce indicates t ble$+1 n]v+1 r[el+ or seton+ h nei!r curative nor protective value &1 !re=e1 %\ld be disc>d$ = vacc9ation :i* is n[ widely us$ z a prev5tive4 ,poor ,fe$+1 ,deprav$ ,appetite4 ,i h ?ree c[s4 ,!y h be5 f$ alfalfa hay all w9t] & are 9 v good condition & seem o!rwise 9 good heal?1 & h salt to run to4 ,e "t !y *ance to come to ! y>d !y w pick up on old bone & *ew x = p]haps a half h\r4 ,i always take ! bone away f !m :5 ,i discov] x4 ,^! c[s h a deprav$ appetite1 ow+ to ! fact ! tissues ( ! body are cry+ out = some?+ lack+ t is requir$ 9 ! sy/em4 ,adm9i/] ! foll[+ p[d]2 also put a lump ( lime 9 ! wat]+ tr\gh3 ,pulv4 g5tian1 #a ounce2 pulv4 elm b>k1 #b ounces2 pulv4 iron sulphate1 #a ounce2 pulv4 bic>b4 soda1 #d ounces2 pulv4 anise$1 #b ounces2 pulv4 r$ pepp] #a_/b ounce2 pulv4 oilcake meal #aj p\nds4 ,mix ?or\ghly & give a tablespoonful 9 scald$ gra9 once daily4 ,c[s ,swall[+ ,=eign ,sub/ances4 ,we rec5tly lo/ a valuable c[1 & :5 we op5$ h] we f\nd a l>ge tumor or abscess at ! top ( ! he>t z l>ge z a gallon j>4 ,:at caus$ x1 or is !re any dang] ( o!r c[s tak+ x1 & if s1 :at c we d8 ,?is is a common disease among c[s & is call$ traumatic p]ic>ditis4 ,! tr\ble arises f ! habit ( ! c[s pick+ up =eign sub/ances su* z wire1 nails1 or hairp9s1 & swall[+ !m4 ,!y are tak5 into ! paun* & ! dige/ive movem5ts ( ?is organ cause ! =eign body to p5etrate ! l9+ & ent] ! he>t1 :]e x gradually causes dea? z x ent]s deep]4 ,x is v common to f9d nails1 etc41 9 ! /oma*s ( old dairy c[s :i* are kill$ at ! slaught]-h\ses4 ,if y _h exam9$ ! animal c>efully1 y w\ld f9d t "s =eign body _h p5etrat$ ! he>t & caus$ dea?4 ,!re is no dang] ( any contagion aris+ f y\r c[4 ,defective ,ur9ation4 ,i h a c[ t seems to be 9 good heal? & gives pl5ty ( milk4 ,ne>ly e morn+ :5 %e is be+ milk$ %e seems to want to ur9ate & w /& lett+ ! wat] drip f h]4 ,?is tr\ble (t5 results f ! c[s eat+ alkal9e hay4 ,give h] two qu>ts ( flaxse$ tea daily4 ,mix x ) h] food 9 :i* !re has be5 plac$ "o-half teaspoon ( p[d]$ ,bu*u4 ,infecti\s ,conjunctivitis 7,sore ,eyes74 ,i h sev]al c[s & heif]s t are affect$ ) sore eyes4 ,! disease fir/ makes its appe>ance by excessive wat]+ ( ! eyes2 !n ! c5t] or pupil becomes :ite & lat] turns r$ ( blood%ot4 ,ba! ?or\ghly ) ! normal salt solution 7teaspoon salt to #a p9t w>m wat]71 aft] :i* place 9 ! eye & all ar\nd ! mucu\s membrane ( ! eye ! foll[+3 ,tw5ty-five p] c5t solution ( argyrol1 "o-half ounce2 apply ?or\ghly once daily & keep out ( ! sunlight if possible4 ,ano!r treatm5t is3 ,ba! ! eyes once daily ) boracic acid #a teaspoon1 wat] #a p9t1 aft] :i* ?or\ghly saturate ! eyelids & eyes ) #a to #aj1jjj solution ( bi*loride ( m]cury4 ,y are deal+ ) a disease t w spread ?r\gh\t y\r h]d if y d n take prop] means to sep>ate ! affect$ f ! well ones4 ,:at to ,d ,aga9/ ,tub]cul\s ,milk4 ,i %\ld l to "k :at c\ld be done ) a dairy :]e c[s are dy+ ) tub]culosis & ! own] kn[s1 b is sell+ ! milk4 ,! case %\ld be report$ to ,f4 ,w4 ,&reason1 ,secret>y ( ! ,/ate ,dairy ,bureau1 at ,san ,francisco1 = inve/igation by an inspector4 ,if conditions are f\nd z repres5t$1 ! sale ( milk w be prev5t$1 z x is contr>y to ,/ate law to sell milk f sick c[s4 ,c\nty bo>ds ( heal? h also au?ority to prev5t ! sale ( su* milk 9 ! c\nty on ! gr\nd t ?is is a m5ace to ! public heal?4 ,effects ( ,ill-,fe$+ ,pigs4 ,i h a c\ple ( pigs1 out ( ab\t #ge head f>r[$ la/ spr+1 :i* seem to h ! /agg]s4 ,!y are look+ fairly well1 fe$ well on pa/ure & at fe$+ "t are "r !re mak+ z mu* noise z ! o!rs4 ,!y run ar\nd z if !y _h a %ot too mu*4 ,y\r pigs are suff]+ f acute indige/ion1 und\bt$ly due to improp] fe$+4 ,cut d[n ! rations1 especially if !y are gett+ gra94 ,give sick pigs two tablespoonfuls ( ca/or oil ea*4 ,sore ,eyes 9 ,pigs4 ,:at is ! matt] ) "y pigs :5 _! eyes swell %ut8 ,be=e !y %ut !y look z if !re 0 a :ite milky scum ov] !m4 ,!re is "s infection pres5t1 & a good clean+ up 9 ne$$4 ,! s[s & pigs %\ld be dipp$ 9 a w>m solution ( "s coal-t> dis9fectant1 & ! qu>t]s ?or\ghly clean$ & dis9fect$ or *ang$ to a dry w>m place4 ,! pigs' eyes %\ld be wa%$ ) w>m wat] & a few drops ( ! foll[+ solution dropp$ into eyes once a day = a few days3 ,h druggi/ prep>e a #a p] c5t solution ( silv] nitrate4 ,aft] apply+ ?is ! eyes _h bett] be wa%$ a few m9utes lat] ) wat] to :i* a little common salt has be5 add$4 ,hog ,*ol]a4 ,i h a numb] ( pigs :i* h be5 ail+ = ?ree weeks or s4 ,!y dis*>ge a yell[i% k9d ( manure at times1 runn+ ( ! b[els4 ,! mo/ /rik+ symptom seems to be a p>tial p>alysis ( ! h9dqu>t]s4 ,! hogs w be walk+ along & seem to lose control ( _! h+ legs4 ,x seems to be spread+ to ! o!r hogs & a numb] h already di$4 ,_! appetite is poor4 ,?is is und\bt$ly hog *ol]a4 ,! own] %\ld appeal to ! ,exp]im5t ,/ation at ,b]keley = s]um & treat all well hogs & clean up z ?or\ghly z possible4 ,! matt] %\ld also be report$ to ! ,/ate ,vet]9>ian at ,sacram5to4 ,pneumonia 9 ,pigs4 ,:at is ! disease :i* may be said to conf9e itself1 ) few exceptions1 to "y pigs weigh+ #ajj p\nds or less8 ,its symptoms are at fir/ sneez+ & a mild c\gh4 ,^! quickly *ange to h>d c\gh+ & labor$ brea?+1 :i* z ! disease progresses %[s evid5ce ( mu* pa94 ,! appetite is lo/ & ! eyes become gumm$ & inflam$4 ,9 "s cases ! pig l+]s on = weeks1 :ile 9 o!rs dea? occurs almo/ imm$iately4 ,vomit+ sometimes occurs4 ,x is pneumonia & 9 its treatm5t an ounce ( prev5tion is wor? a p\nd ( cure4 ,once pneumonia gets a foo?old 9 a hog1 ! *ances are s /rongly 9 favor ( dea? t recov]y may be consid]$ out ( ! "q4 ,s9ce rem$ies are n c]ta9 9 ! cure ( pneumonia1 x w be f\nd t ! prev5tion ( ! disease is ! only real way to combat x4 ,! ma9 causes ( ! disease are exposure to draughts1 sudd5 *anges 9 temp]ature1 damp b$s1 manure heaps z sleep+ qu>t]s1 & exposure to ! disease itself4 ,pigs 9 ?9 condition or weak con/itutionally are m liable to contract ! tr\ble ?an pigs 9 good fle% & heal?y specim5s4 ,good1 dry1 w>m1 com=table sleep+ h\ses1 well v5tilat$ & s arrang$ z to prev5t cr[d+ & pil+ up1 w1 ,i ?9k1 d m to prev5t pneumonia ?an any o!r "o ?+4 ,"s su* prep>ation z advocat$ by ! ,gov]nm5t = ! prev5tion ( hog *ol]a w help keep ! /ock 9 a good heal?y condition1 ! bett] to combat exposure4 ,x is ! little att5tions t keep ! h]d heal?y & 9 a vigor\s condition1 & by us+ simple prev5tatives1 rem$ies w he f\nd unnecess>y4 - ,h4 ,b4 ,w9tr+ham4 ,g5]al ,prescription = ,hog ,sickness4 ,my hogs seem to be mangy & scabby1 b am unable to f9d any lice on !m4 ,!y eat well1 b vomit a good deal & are fall+ (f 9 fle%4 ,!y may be affect$ ) a *ronic type ( *ol]a1 & ?is %\ld be det]m9$ by "s "o :o c see ! hogs4 ,make a g5]al clean+ up ( ! hogs & qu>t]s1 us+ a dip & repeat+ 9 t5 days4 ,hogs h a true mange z well z o!r animals4 ,a *ange ( fe$ may also be ne$$1 dep5d+ on :at is be+ f$ & h[ ! hogs are manag$4 ,gre5 alfalfa pa/ure ) a mod]ate fe$ ( %orts or middl+s ( :eat & gr\nd b>ley made into a slop w\ld be a good ration4 ,evid5tly !re is "s dige/ive tr\ble "h1 & a dose ( croton oil 7#c drops7 mix$ 9 a teaspoonful ( raw l9se$ oil = ea* hog w\ld be b5eficial4 ,*>coal1 a%es1 salt & a little epsom salts w\ld be ( b5efit to tone ! dige/ion4 ,! oil %\ld be c>efully mix$ 9 ! slop4 ,pigs ,out ( ,condition4 ,( a litt] ( pigs wean$ ab\t a mon? sev]al ( !m h it*y scabs on _! legs1 e>s & noses1 & ^? hav+ :ite feet %[ r$di% spots ?r\gh ! ho(s4 ,!y did n get x until aft] !y 7 wean$4 ,!y are f$ on soak$ :ole b>ley & h alfalfa pa/ure4 ,put ! pigs on a slop compos$ ( :eat middl+s & b>ley gr\nd f9e1 ) ! hulls remov$1 & milk1 or1 9 ! abs5ce ( milk ab\t #h or #aj p] c5t ( meat meal to :i* add "s good /ock food4 ,dip !m ) "s /&>d br& ( dip or apply crude oil to be sure t !y 7 free f lice1 fleas1 etc4 ,give !m good1 clean1 com=table sleep+ qu>t]s & tru/ to nature to d ! re/4 ,p>alysis ( ,s[4 ,dur+ ! la/ few days "o ( my s[s appe>s to be p>alyz$ 9 h] h9d qu>t]s & n[ _c use h] h9d legs at all4 ,%e is ab\t a ye> old & is due to f>r[ h] fir/ litt] 9 & ab\t six weeks4 ,x is p>alysis due to advanc$ pregnancy4 ,give #d ounces ca/or oil & #d ounces olive oil4 ,%e w recov] aft] p>turition4 ,rickets 9 ,hogs4 ,a f9e bo>1 #af mon?s old1 weight ab\t #chj p\nds1 well built1 ) little surplus fat1 until lately has be5 v ?rifty1 b appe>s to be los+ control ov] 8 legs4 ,c't /ep ov] ! smalle/ /ick )\t fall+ =w>d & acts l a f\nd]$ animal4 ,he c>ries 8 back r ar*+ s9ce ?is tr\ble came on4 ,dur+ my abs5ce f home a hir$ man gave ?is bo> a good beat+ ) a pick h&le1 & x appe>s to h be5 ! beg9n+ ( 8 tr\bles4 ,?is disease is ,o/eo ,ra*itis 7rickets74 ,! abuse has probably aggravat$ ! symptoms3 ,?is condition is due to a lack ( h>d5+ pr9ciples 9 ! bones4 ,give #d ounces ( cod liv] oil daily & pl5ty ( lime wat] to dr9k4 ,x w be all "r to use him = bre$+ :5 he recov]s4 ,9 addition to good food & pure wat] give daily a h&ful ( a mixture ( pr9cipally a%es & burn$ b>ley 7*>coal7 ) ! usual addition ( salt1 sulphur & soda4 ,?is mixture is good3 ,pulv4 dri$1 iron sulphate1 #d ounces2 soda bi-c>bonate1 #h ounces2 soda salicylate1 #b dra*ms2 pulv4 anise$1 #d ounces4 ,mix & give "o-half teaspoonful twice daily4 ,pigs ,los+ ,tails4 ,we h five pigs1 #ag days old1 & :5 !y 7 f>r[$ !y _h r+s ar\nd ! roots ( _! tails1 & n[ _! tails are dropp+ (f4 ,?is is caus$ by int]f]5ce ) circulation be=e bir?4 ,apply t9ct4 iod9e ar\nd ! affect$ p>ts once daily & if x %[s no signs ( improvem5t aft] "o week amputate4 ,ov]-,fat ,s[4 ,my brood s[ is awfully fat2 h[ %\ld ,i fe$ h] s t %e don't get too fat8 ,%e is br$ & x w be h] ?ird litt]4 ,%e 0 runn+ 9 ! v9ey>d all w9t]1 & ,i f$ h] a h&ful ( b>ley e day or a few potatoes4 ,n[ %e has free access to my gr[+ b>ley field1 & ,i give h] half a doz5 potatoes e day4 ,y ne$ n worry ab\t gett+ h] ?94 ,%e simply requires less food4 ,an animal excessively fat br+s =? an inf]ior (fspr+4 ,mu/y ,corn = ,pigs4 ,w\ld ,egyptian corn t has be5 mu/y & !n dri$ 9 ! sun be fit = pigs8 ,x heat$ & mu/$ q a good deal1 b is dri$ well4 ,! idea is1 to gr9d x & !n fe$ x 9 milk if good4 ,x is v dang]\s to fe$ any /ock moldy or mu/y food1 especially pregnant animals4 ,x is ?is k9d ( food :i* causes a majority ( ! abortions4 ,mold or smut 9 food is poison\s bo? to man & bea/4 ,x is usually almo/ impossible to get out ( fe$ because x runs ?r\gh\t ! /ructure ( ! hay or gra94 ,w\nds & ,w\nd ,swell+s4 ,:at is ! prop] treatm5t = a fre% wire cut on a horse8 ,h[ %\ld saddle galls be treat$8 ,is !re any way to make ! hair come 9 its natural color :]e saddle galls h be58 ,h[ c an enl>gem5t ( a colt's leg1 caus$ f a wire cut1 be r$uc$8 ,aft] all =eign matt] has be5 remov$ f a lac]at$ w\nd1 l t made 9 a wire cut1 ! w\nd %\ld be c>efully fom5t$ ) w>m wat]1 to :i* has be5 add$ c>bolic acid 9 ! proportion ( #a "p to #ajj ( wat]4 ,x %\ld !n be b&ag$ to prev5t infection4 ,z9c o9tm5t w\ld be a good ?+ to use "u ! b&age4 ,= a simple saddle1 or h>ness gall1 "s o9tm5t l ! foll[+ %\ld be appli$ & ! w\nd re/$ up3 ,"o p9t alcohol 9 :i* are %ak5 ! :ites ( #b eggs2 a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 #aj gra9s to ! ounce ( wat]2 sug> ( lead or sulphate ( z9c1 #bj gra9s to an ounce ( wat]2 & s on4 ,or adv]tis$ gall cures may be appli$4 ,if a sitfe/ has develop$1 ! dead hornlike sl\gh mu/ be cut out & ! w\nd treat$ ) antiseptics4 ,!re is no way we "k ( to make hair come 9 ) natural color aft] a w\nd4 ,! swell+ on ! colt's leg may he r$uc$ by rubb+ x well sev]al times a day & at night rub 9 "s #aj p] c5t iod9e petrog54 ,fly ,repellants4 ,c y tell me :at to use z a spray to kill ! flies 9 my /able8 ,9 ! e>ly1 morn+ ! ceil+ & sides are ?ickly cov]$ ) ! pe/s p>tly dormant b n en\gh s t !y c be swept d[n & kill$4 ,:at spray c ,i use t w de/roy !m8 ,x is difficult to kill flies by spray+ !m4 ,y c1 h[ev]1 spray ! sides & ceil+ ( ! b>n ) a spray ( epsom salts 7sulphate ( magnesia7 us+ ab\t a cupful to ! gallon1 :i* w prev5t !m f ga!r+ !re4 ,& s9ce prev5tion is bett] ?an cure1 flies c be kept f ga!r+ ar\nd by1 de/roy+ _! bre$+ places1 if ^? are "u "o's control1 by hav+ all manure & litt] remov$ be=e ! flies h a *ance to develop4 ,! foll[+ may be f\nd useful to read]s z a spray to keep away flies3 ,fi% oil1 #b qu>ts2 k]os5e1 #a qu>t2 crude c>bolic acid1 #a p9t2 oil ( p5nyroyal1 #a ounce2 oil ( t>2 #aj ounces4 ,mix ?or\ghly & apply 9 a f9e spray4 ,! foll[+ has be5 successfully us$ to repel flies f c[s3 ,nitro b5z9e1 #e ounces2 c>bolic acid1 #c ounces2 k]os5e oil1 #c ounces2 sol4 =maldehyde1 #a ounce2 fi% oil1 #a #a_/b qu>ts4 ,mix & j t\* ! hair ) ! mixture4 ,to ,de/roy ,fleas4 ,my b>n1 is full1 ( fleas ,i tri$ to de/roy !m by us+ creso-dip1 b did n kill !m1 all4 ,fleas c only be p]man5tly *eck$ by de/roy+ _! bre$+ places :i* are 9 ! du/6 & dirt t accumulate 9 cracks & corn]s ar\nd b>ns1 %$s & dwell+s4 ,foll[ ! clean+ up ) a ?or\gh di/ribution ( flake naph?al5e4 ,?is is mo/ effective :]e ! /able or room c be clos$ tight = half a day1 or ev5 #bd h\rs2 ,an +5i\s sugge/ion is made t if a %eep c be let run 9 & ar\nd ! build+s :]e ! fleas bre$1 !y w soon be less num]\s & z new bat*es hat* out ! %eep w soon get !m pick$ up1 & aft] a :ile ! place w be entirely free ( !m4 ,b ! %eep mu/ be all[$ to run all ar\nd ! %$s & bre$+ places1 z ! flea jumps up1 gets into ! wool1 & c nev] get out aga94 ,a hog c also be us$ z a flea trap4 ,"o read] says3 ,p\r a little ( ! crude oil on ! hogs' heads & along _! backs1 ab\t a gill on ea* hog2 ,?is w\ld run d[n ! sides ( ! hogs & kill all ! fleas on !m4 ,! oil also rema9s on ! hogs = sev]al days1 & all ! fleas t jump on ! hogs f ! gr\nd /ick fa/ & nev] jump (f aga94 ,9 ab\t ?ree weeks ! fleas all disappe> & ! hogs look f9e & sleek f ! use ( ! oil4 ,"p ,,viii4 ,p\ltry ,keep+ ,l>gely compil$ f ! writ+s ( ,mrs4 ,w4 ,russell ,james & ,mrs4 ,susan ,swapgood4 ,tea*+ ,*icks to ,p]*4 ,:at is a good me?od ( break+ 9 "y brood] *icks to use ! roo/s8 ,at f six to eight weeks old ! *icks %\ld be tak5 f ! brood] qu>t]s to ! colony h\ses & range1 or :]ev] !y are to be locat$1 & at ?is "t !y %\ld be taught to p]*4 ,h ! new qu>t]s arrang$ ) l[ wide p]*es 7#a by #c-;in* scantl+s72 also make slatt$ frames by nail+ la? or o!r su* n>r[ /rips two in*es ap>t4 ,set ^! frames aga9/ ! wall s t !y w ext5d slant-wise "u ! p]*es1 & h ! corn]s on ! o!r side ( ! room cut (f by nail+ bo>ds across !m4 ,! *icks w run up on ! frame to f9d a huddl+ corn] & l& on ! p]*es1 z !y _c re/ on ! op5 slant+ frame4 ,a little c>e = a few ev5+s 9 putt+ up ^? t rema9 on ! floor & /raight5+ !m out on ! p]*es w tea* !m ! ropes4 ,:]e !re are b a few to be taught1 all t is necess>y is to provide ! l[ wide p]*es & %ut out ! corn]s1 & a few ( ! sm>t ones w soon take to ! p]*es1 & gradually o!rs w foll[ until all w be roo/+4 ,liv] ,disease4 ,i h h5s :i* seem well 9 e respect up to ! "t ( _! combs *ang+ color1 :5 !y die )9 ?ree days4 ,! combs turn a fa9t yell[1 almo/ :ite2 !y are heavy1 h _! usual appetite up to ! lo/ #bd h\rs4 ,i h treat$ by giv+ small doses ( ca/or oil & ,d\glas mixture 9 ! dr9k+ wat]1 fe$+ on dry ma% ) pl5ty ( gre5 fe$4 ,!re is no t5d5cy to lam5ess nor limp neck4 ,! dropp+s are loose & v :ite4 ,! f[ls 7 victims ( jaundice1 :i* is a =m ( liv] disease & caus$ by ov]-fe$+ on ri* />*y foods t also cause f[ls to become ov]fat4 ,h[ev]1 at ! end ( ! lay+ season & ! beg9n+ ( ! molt ! p\ltry keep] w lose "s h5s1 ev5 :5 kept "u ! be/ conditions1 & especially h5s ( t age4 ,9 doctor+ su* cases 9 ! way describ$1 if ! f[l does n improve 9 a c\ple ( days1 ! hat*et cure is ! mo/ pr(itable4 ,rupture ( ,oviduct4 ,i h _h two o!r h5s die sudd5ly :5 on ! ne/4 ,! second "o - we op5$ & f\nd "o egg brok5 ne> ! v5t & ano!r ) %ell =m$ ready to be laid4 ,rupture ( ! oviduct 0 probably ! cause ( ! h5s dy+ on ! ne/ & is due to ! same condition 9 ! h5s2 t is1 ! /ra9+ to expel ! egg necess>y 9 ! engorg$ condition ( ! int]nal organs f ov]fatness4 ,melons = ,f[ls4 ,h /ock melons or citrons any m]it z a gre5 food = lay+ h5s8 ,are ! se$s ( ! above injuri\s to h5s or c[s8 ,/ock melons are desirable = *ick5 fe$+ if o!r succul5t mat]ials are sc>ce1 b !y are inf]ior to alfalfa & o!r clov]s4 ,se$s are n injuri\s to /ock unless possibly "o %\ld fe$ to excess by sep>at+ !m f ! o!r tissues4 ,if melons are f$ z !y gr[1 no appreh5sion ne$ be _h f injury by se$4 ,rape & ,vet* = ,*ick5s4 ,:at "t d y s[ rape & vet* & are !y good = *ick5s8 ,!y surely are good = *ick5s or = any o!r /ock t likes gre5s4 ,!y are w9t] gr[]s 9 ,cali=nia valleys & %\ld be s[n 9 ! fall z soon z ! l& is moi/ en\gh to keep !m gr[+1 or j z soon z y c get x moi/ ei!r by ra9fall or irrigation4 ,nei!r plant likes dry heat or dry soil4 ,pres]v+ ,eggs4 ,:at is a good way to pres]ve eggs = home use8 ,9 a cool cell>1 eggs w keep v well 9 a mixture ( common salt & bran4 ,use equal p>ts1 mix well1 & z y ga!r ! eggs f day to day pack ) big end d[n 9 ! mixture & see t ! eggs are cov]$4 ,wat]glass eggs are good en\gh = cook+ purposes1 b :5 boil$ anyone t kn[s ! ta/e ( a /rictly fre% egg c tell ! diff]5ce 9 an in/ant2 :5 fri$ ! ta/e is n s pron\nc$1 b x is !re j ! same2 besides1 :5 brok51 !y are a little wat]y4 ,?is wat]y condition passes (f if left to /& = a few m9utes4 ,! be/ way is to use ! wat]glass me?od1 is "o qu>t ( wat]glass to t5 qu>ts ( wat]4 ,boil ! wat] & put away to cool1 :5 cold add ! wat]glass1 mix+ well1 & /ore 9 #c or #e-;gallon crocks 9 a cool place4 ,!y w keep six mon?s if good :5 put 94 ,9 all cases ! eggs mu/ be ga!r$ v fre%1 = "o /ale egg w spoil ! :ole lot1 s great c>e is ne$$4 ,dipp+ ,f[ls4 ,h[ d y dip h5s to kill lice8 ,to dip f[ls y mu/ h a v w>m day1 or a w>m room :]e y c turn !m 9 to dry4 ,i h "k p to use tobacco /ems1 b x requires good judgm5t z to ! "r /r5g? to use4 ,! dips usually sold already prep>$ are saf]1 9 my op9ion1 because !y give directions z to quantity4 ,get a c ( z5oleum or creolium - ei!r is good - & h ! wat] a little ov] blood-heat to comm5ce2 be v c>eful t ! liquid does n get 9 ! f[l's ?roat4 ,if !re are no directions ) ! cans1 put en\gh 9 to make ! wat] q milky & /rong smell+4 ,x is be/ to make ! h5 sit d[n & ) a sponge wet ! back & head ?or\ghly1 !n "u ! w+s & brea/2 if !re are nits1 don't be 9 a hurry to take ! h5 out1 b let ! dip get to ! nits & sk9 on ! abdom54 ,if ! wat] is too w>m x w be dang]\s1 z "s f[ls h weak he>ts2 t is ! only dang]1 provid+ y dry !m quickly4 ,cure = ,fea!r-,eat+4 ,:at is ! cure = fea!r-eat+8 ,fea!r eat+ is ! result ( idl5ess or a %ortage ( gre5 fe$4 ,! be/ way to cure x is to furni% ! f[ls ) ex]cise4 ,boil "s oats until s(t1 & :5 cook$ /ir 9 salt en\gh to ta/e & ab\t a qu>t ( good beef scrap2 fe$ ?is = breakfa/ sev]al morn+s toge!r4 ,make !m scrat* = ! re/ ( _! food 9 deep litt] & give !m s\r milk to dr9k if y h x4 ,if s\r milk is n available1 put a tablespoonful ( fl[]s ( sulphur 9 ! boil$ oats4 ,! object is to cool ! blood & furni% ex]cise4 ,see t ! f[ls are suppli$ ) m9]al matt]1 su* a% %ells1 bone meal & "s1 s& if x c be _h4 ,x is surpris+ ! am\nt ( s& t *ick5s w eat :5 c>ri$ to !m 9 y>ds1 s !re mu/ be a necessity = x1 & if !y _c get to x1 x pays to c>ry a good box full once 9 a :ile4 ,cannibal ,*icks4 ,:at c ,i d to cure my *icks ( eat+ ea* o!r8 ,"s k9d ( animal food is necess>y :5 ! *icks beg9 to pick toes1 w+s & v5ts4 ,b ! meat mu/ always be cook$1 ! lea/ bit ( raw meat drives !m wild z does ! blood !y c br+ on ea* o!r4 ,= t reason a /rict wat* mu/ be kept to detect any case be=e blood is br\ght4 ,remove all weak *icks z !y always g = ! weake/1 & z soon z "o *ick is pick$ on = a victim1 remove x at once4 ,"s p pa9t ! toes ) t> or liquid lice pa9t1 b ,i h _h ! be/ success ) bitt] aloes mix$ ) wat]4 ,a nickel's wor? cov]s a lot ( toes4 ,x is be/ to buy a p[d]1 !n dissolve 9 a little wat] & pa9t w+s1 v5t & toes4 ,!y won't take _m pecks at !m :5 !y f9d !y are s bitt]4 ,sunfl[] ,se$s = ,p\ltry4 ,:at is ! food value ( sunfl[] se$ z a ration = f[ls1 mo/ly lay+ h5s8 ,%\ld x be f$ :ole or cru%$8 ,sunfl[] se$ is ri* 9 oil1 hav+ ! same proportion z flaxse$2 o!rwise x rates 9 value ! same z gra94 ,a little1 n too mu*1 f$ :ole is well reli%$ by f[ls & is said to give lu/] to ! plumage 9 fitt+ birds = %[s4 ,sunfl[] is greatly ov]rat$ = p\ltry purposes4 ,x is an unga9ly plant ( no use = =age & its se$ is s well lik$ by ! sp>r[s t ! only way to keep !m till ripe is to cov] ! heads ) nett+4 ,clipp+ ,h5s = ,cleanl9ess4 ,my h5s f\l all ! fea!rs bel[ ! v5t2 !y appe> heal?y1 b d n look nice4 ,:at c ,i d8 ,take a pair ( scissors & clip ! fluff away f t "p ( ! abdom51 give a teaspoonful ( olive oil1 & notice ( !y h any dis*>ge t is ( an (f5sive color or odor4 ,sometimes x is no?+ b pure laz9ess ) h5s ( ! l>ge bre$s t causes ?is matt+ toge!r ( ! fluff bel[ ! v5t4 ,we r>ely see h5s ( ! small bre$s s affect$4 ,:5ev] a h5 soils h] fea!rs clip h] at once1 &1 9 fact1 x is a good cu/om to foll[ 9 any case4 ,:5 h5s are v heavily fluff$ x int]f]es ) ! f]tility ( ! eggs4 ,9 su* cases !re is n any?+ = x b ! scissors4 ,b[el ,tr\ble 9 ,*icks4 ,:at is ! cause ( b[el tr\ble 9 "y *icks1 & :at to d = x8 ,b[el tr\ble 9 v "y *icks is usually caus$ by a *ill4 ,x is v h>d = u "h to believe *icks get *ill$ because1 n feel+ ! cold ourselves1 we =get t *icks h really und]gone a viol5t *ange f incubator to ! outside atmosph]e4 ,9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 great c>e is ex]cis$ 9 mov+ *icks f incubator to brood] ov51 & also 9 see+ t ! brood] itself is w>m & fit to receive ! *icks4 ,b we are1 z a rule1 v c>eless 9 ^! little matt]s & ! *icks feel ! *ange & suff] f b[el tr\ble4 ,sometimes1 ( c\rse1 ! tr\ble may be trac$ to ! food1 b m (t5 x comes f a *ill4 ,! be/ way to cure x is to remove ! *icks to new gr\nd at once1 or if 9 a brood]1 clean x out well & spray ) "s dis9fectant4 ,boil all ! wat] t is giv5 to ! *icks & fe$ boil$ rice once or twice a day 9 :i* a little c9namon is mix$4 ,d n put 9 too mu* or !y w n eat x1 keep all meat away & j fe$ dry *ick fe$ & boil$ rice4 ,no oatmeal or any o!r c]eal b ! rice2 if *icks won't eat x1 fe$ dry *ick fe$ & boil$ wat] & a little lettuce4 ,quick ,roo/]s & ,lay+ ,h5s4 ,h[ c ,i get ! "y roo/]s (f quick & ! h5s to lay 9 w9t]8 ,^! two happy results come f correct me?ods ( p\ltry keep+ f ! gr\nd up4 ,to get ! cock]els (f quick1 !y mu/ be hat*$ f /rong-g]m$ eggs1 incubat$ prop]ly & kept gr[+ f ! fir/ jump out ( ! %ell4 ,to get eggs 9 w9t] ! pullets mu/ come f ! same conditions4 ,v few h5s w lay 9 ! e>ly w9t] "u any conditions4 ,! pullets mu/ be dep5d$ ^u = t season & ! h5s kept prop]ly w drop 9 "s "t 9 ,janu>y4 ,p\ltry ,tonic4 ,:at is a good p\ltry tonic8 ,! foll[+ is a v good tonic = g5]al purposes3 ,t9cture ( r$ c9*ona1 #a fluid ounce2 t9cture ( *loride ( iron1 #a fluid dra*m2 t9cture ( flux vomica1 #d fluid dra*ms2 glyc]9e #b ounces2 wat]1 #b ounces4 ,mix & give "o teaspoonful to a qu>t ( wat]1 all[+ no o!r dr9k4 ,p\ltry 9 ! ,or*>d4 ,k9dly advise me ab\t keep+ h5s 9 an or*>d4 ,i w\ld l to "k if !y w injure ! trees 9 any way if kept 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,9 :at way w\ld !y b5efit ! trees8 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! trees !re is no d\bt t !y w\ld be advantag$ by ! pres5ce ( ! p\ltry1 provid+ ! coops are n all[$ to int]f]e ) ! prop] irrigation & cultivation4 ,if x is practicable to h&le ! f[ls 9 coops )\t caus+ ! soil ar\nd ! coops to become compact$ by cont9ual tramp+1 & if !y are n kept ^u ! gr\nd long en\gh to cause an excessive application ( h5 manure1 :i* is v conc5trat$ & /imulat+1 ! result w\ld unque/ionably be b5eficial4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! tree1 ?is b5efit ( injury w\ld dep5d ^u h[ long ! f[ls 7 kept ar\nd ! tree & ! ma9t5ance ( !m 9 su* a way t ! soil %\ld n become out ( condition physically or too ri* *emically = ! satisfactory p]=mance ( ! tree4 ,if !y c be mov$ frequ5tly1 & if !y are only put 9 place :5 ! soil is 9 su* condition t tramp+ ar\nd ! coops w n s]i\sly compact x1 ! pres5ce ( f[ls w\ld be an advantage4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! coops are to be kept 9 place = a long "t & all ! gr\nd outside ( !m cru/$ & h>d5$ by tramp+ & ! soil "u ! coops ov]load$ ) dropp+s1 ! ?rift & value ( ! trees w be s]i\sly int]f]$ )4 ,caponiz+4 ,c ?ree to f\r mon? old cock]els be caponiz$ successfully 9 summ]1 & if s1 :at c>e1 fe$1 etc41 d !y require aft]w>ds8 ,! birds %\ld be betwe5 two to ?ree mon?s1 n ov] f\r1 unless "s v l>ge v>iety t matures sl[ly4 ,size is equally important z age1 & a bird to be caponiz$ %\ld n weigh m ?an "o & a half p\nds4 ,! "w c be successfully done 9 ! summ] season1 b ! f[l mu/ be kept )\t food or dr9k = at lea/ #bd h\rs1 long] is bett] & keep 9 %ady place4 ,aft] caponiz+1 fe$ ! bird :at s(t fe$ he w eat up & let him h pl5ty ( wat]4 ,!n leave him to himself z he w be 8 own doctor4 ,9 two or ?ree days look !m ov] & if !re are any w9d-balls1 simply prick ) a ne$le to let ! air out2 ?is may h to be done two or ?ree times be=e ! w\nd heals up1 b aft] x has heal$1 treat j z y w\ld o!r *ick5s & fe$ !m ab\t twice a day4 ,!re is no?+ made by try+ to ru% nature2 x takes fifte5 mon?s to gr[ a good capon ( ! l>ge bre$s4 ,r\p ,treatm5t4 ,up to a week ago ! *ick5s _h be5 exceptionally well 9 e way4 ,n[ !y seem to h a cold & a runn+ at ! nose & ) x a bad odor4 ,x 0 sugge/$ t ?is might be ! beg9n+ ( r\p1 b ,i see no swell-head4 ,! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( r\p is n s-call$ swell head or o!r =m ( cold1 b ! (f5sive r\py odor4 ,:5 ! cold has rea*$ ?is /age x is a pron\nc$ case ( r\p1 & highly contagi\s4 ,sep>ate all ! ail+ f[ls & segregate !m 9 com=table hospital qu>t]s1 w>m b ) "o side p>tly op5 = fre% air4 ,dis9fect ! qu>t]s ( ! well f[ls by spray+ ) di/illate or *eap-grade coal oil & spr9kl+ ! floors & ab\t ! h\ses ) air-slak$ lime4 ,use "s simple rem$y l coal oil or p]manganate ( pota% to cleanse ! ?roat & no/rils4 ,) coal oil1 fir/ wipe ! eyes & bill ) a clean clo? dipp$ 9 ! coal oil1 !n inject ) a sew+-ma*9e oil c en\gh coal oil to op5 & ?or\ghly clean out ! no/rils4 ,if ! ?roat is affect$1 give a tablespoonful ( sweet oil & coal oil1 half & half1 two or ?ree times a day until reliev$4 ,"o ( our correspond5ts has s5t u ! foll[+ treatm5t ) p]manganate ( pota% :i* he has f\nd ! be/ r\p rem$y he has ev] tri$3 ,dissolve #a ounce ( p]manganate ( pota% 9 #c p9ts ( wat]1 hold ! f[l's head 9 ?is = a second1 !n op5 ! beak & r9se out ! m\? 9 ! solution4 ,wipe ) a clean1 s(t clo? & apply a v little wit* hazel or c>bolat$ salve to ! eyes1 no/rils & head4 ,repeat ! op]ation z (t5 z ! ?roat & head become clogg$ ) mucus4 ,until ! disease is elim9at$ f ! premises1 keep p]manganate ( pota% 9 ! dr9k+ wat] ( all ! f[ls1 bo? sick & well4 ,ab\t #a ounce to ea* #b gallons ( wat] or en\gh to give ! wat] a cl>et color4 ,! sick f[ls %\ld be all[$ no o!r fe$ b a little /imulat+ ma% ?ree times a day4 ,:]e ! f[ls d n %[ a decid$ improvem5t 9 ! c\rse ( a few days1 or :]e ! disease has assum$ a viol5t =m1 all su* birds %\ld be kill$ & ! bodies burn$ at once4 ,bad ,food = ,*ick5s4 ,my *icks are ab\t ?ree weeks old & h always be5 /rong & /urdy1 b :5 tak5 sick fir/ appe> a little dumpi%1 !n ! head seems a little heavy & ! neck l5g!ns out4 ,z ! disease advances !y become /agg]y4 ,y\r *icks h eat5 s\r$ food1 decay$ vegetables or ta9t$ meat4 ,baby *icks are j l o!r babies & ! same c>e %\ld be us$ t _! food be always sweet & fre%4 ,wet food %\ld nev] be giv5 *icks1 nor raw meat nor any?+ ! lea/ bit ta9t$ or /ale4 ,put a teaspoon ( coal oil 9 ea* p9t ( dr9k+ wat] & see to x t ! latt] is kept pure & cool4 ,mix a teacup ( sulphur ) en\gh bran or %orts = ea* #ajj *icks1 moi/5 ) sweet milk & fe$ x on clean bo>ds1 :at ! *icks w eat up clean 9 "s1 tw5ty m9utes4 ,give !m "o fe$ ( ?is ea* day = ?ree days if ! wea!r is dry4 ,clean ! brood]s & runs daily1 !n du/ :ite ) air-slack$ lime & cov] ! lime ) a spr9kl+ ( clean s&4 ,rake & clean up ! y>ds :]e !y range & nev] let !m eat any ( _! gra9 or food out ( dirt & fil?4 ,y _c doctor su* small *icks & mu/ dep5d ^u ! coal oil 9 ! dr9k+ wat]4 ,keep ! wat] fre%1 b add ! coal oil until ! *icks are reliev$4 ,op5-,front ,*ick5 ,h\ses4 ,9 :at direction %all ,i face op5-front p\ltry h\ses8 ,nor? or nor!a/ is ! prop] direction to face ! op5 fronts ( p\ltry h\ses & coops 9 ! ,pacific ,coa/ climate4 ,! prevail+ w9ds are f ! s\? & s\!a/ 9 ! w9t]1 & f ! we/ & s\?we/ 9 ! summ]4 ,! occasional nor? w9ds or nor!rs1 may be call$ dry w9ds1 9 fact1 are an indication ( dry wea!r1 & s d n h>m ! f[ls ev5 :5 cold4 ,we l ! upp] half ( ! nor?-end or slide ( our p\ltry h\ses op5 ) in*-me% cov]+ ! op5 space & ! eaves ext5d+ sev]al in*es z a protection4 ,9 case ( an unusual /orm f t direction1 "o ?ickness ( burlap may be tack$ to ! edge ( ! ext5d+ eaves1 & to ! l[] "p ( ! op5+4 ,?is w admit pl5ty ( fre% air :ile break+ ! =ce ( ! w9d4 ,we also h a l>ge trap door = ! use ( ! f[ls1 9 ! solid l[] "p ( ! op5 end1 & ! l>ge door1 = clean+ & sunn+ ! h\se1 9 ! we/ side4 ,a ,po9t on ,mat+4 ,i h f9e roo/]s a ye> old ?is ,april2 w\ld y advise keep+ !m = mat+ ) ! same h5s next season1 or d y advise sell+ ea* ye> & gett+ fre% /ock8 ,! "y males w be all "r to mate ) ! same h5s next season - t is1 if !y come ?r\gh ! molt ) vigor4 ,!y w be j two ye>s old & at _! be/4 ,! molt is ! te/ = bo?1 h5s & cocks4 ,if !y %[ no signs ( ail+ or weakness dur+ t p]iod1 x is pro( ( ! prop] /am9a & vigor4 ,age = ,mat+4 ,at :at age may a cock]el be mat$ ) h5s8 ,f n9e mon?s to a ye> is ! prop] age to mate a ,leghorn cock]el4 ,cock]els ( ! l>g] bre$s %\ld n be mat$ be=e a ye> old4 ,:ite-,yolk ,eggs4 ,:y are eggs wat]y & light-color$8 ,! tr\ble is 9 ! fe$ some:]e4 ,too mu* gre5 fe$1 especially gre5 fe$ t spr+s f wet1 soggy gr\nd1 w sometimes make ! eggs wat]y4 ,or if y are fe$+ m ma% fe$ ?an dry gra91 x w h t t5d5cy4 ,"s p claim t ! fe$ a h5 eats does n affect ! egg at all2 b if x does n1 :y d eggs diff] 9 color & quality8 ,eggs t are laid by h5s f$ :olly on :eat1 or ! by-products ( :eat1 su* z bran1 %orts or middl+s1 all h a pale yolk4 ,n[ fe$ ! h5s "s gre5 fe$ - any k9d w d - & ! eggs f ! same h5s w h a yolk sev]al degrees or %ades d>k]4 ,p\ltry ,di>rhea4 ,w y k9dly tell me ! cause & cure = b[el tr\ble among h5s8 ,! quick cure = *ick di>rhea has n yet be5 f\nd4 ,prev5tion is ! only sure rem$y4 ,! fir/ treatm5t 9 di>rhea 7:i* mu/ n be confus$ ) simple loos5ess ( ! b[els7 %\ld be a mild physic to clean out ! dige/ive tract4 ,epsom salts is probably be/ = ?is purpose :]e a numb] ( f[ls are to be treat$4 ,?is is usually giv5 9 ! dr9k+ wat]1 b ,dr4 ,morse1 :o has *>ge ( ! inve/igation ( p\ltry diseases 9 ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 gives ! foll[+ directions = adm9i/]+ ! salts3 ,clean out by giv+ epsom salts 9 an ev5+ ma%1 e/imat+ "o-?ird to "o-half teaspoonful to ea* adult bird1 or a teaspoonful to ea* six half-gr[n *icks1 c>efully proportion+ ! am\nt ( ma% to ! appetite ( ! birds1 s t ! :ole w be eat5 up quickly4 ,= a few days aft]w>d1 fe$ only lightly ) dry gra9 & t5d] gre5s1 su* z fre%-cut mu/>d & lettuce leaves4 ,keep pl5ty ( pure1 cool wat]1 ) j a ?9 skim ( coal oil - "o drop to ea* p9t - = dr9k+2 also pl5ty ( %>p grit & fre% *>coal brok5 to ! size ( gra9s ( :eat4 ,limb]-,neck4 ,a v peculi> disease is tak+ (f my f[ls4 ,! head ( ! f[l b5ds d[n to ! brea/ & ! f[l looks l dead1 !re is also a slight dis*>ge f ! m\?4 ,! head & tail droop & if ! f[l c\ld /& up !y w\ld almo/ t\*4 ,:5 a f[l loses p>tial or entire control ( ! muscles ( ! neck ! common "n ( ! affection is limb]-neck4 ,9 m$ical sci5ce limb]-neck is reg>d$ z a symptom r ?an a disease1 & may be due to a numb] ( causes1 su* z d]angem5t ( ! dige/ive organs1 inte/9al worms & ptoma9e poison+4 ,! affect$ f[ls %\ld be giv5 imm$iately a full tablespoon ( fre% melt$ l>d or sweet oil1 to :i* has be5 add$ a scant teaspoonful1 ( coal oil4 ,9 an h\r repeat ! dose4 ,= a few days ! f[ls %\ld be f$ on "s light food1 su* z %orts scald$ ) sweet milk 9 :i* has be5 dissolv$ a level teaspoonful ( bak+ soda to e p9t ( milk1 & also all[$ pl5ty ( crisp1 t5d] lettuce or simil> gre5s4 ,a little ,epsom salts %\ld be add$ to ! dr9k+ wat] = a few days4 ,?is treatm5t1 if resort$ to at ! />t1 w be effectual1 b if ! poison+ has _h its c\rse long1 no?+ w save ! bird4 ,*ick5 ,pox4 ,my "o & two-ye>-old f[ls are gett+ scabby combs4 ,x />ts ) a r\nd blacki% spot & swells into _m spots1 f9ally ne>ly cov]+ "o side ( ! comb4 ,sometimes accompany+ ?is is ! clos+ ( "o eye1 & lat] bo? eyes4 ,! tr\ble is *ick5 pox1 :i* is a v contagi\s disease4 ,a treatm5t :i* has be5 successful consi/s 9 ba?+ ! sores ) /rong salt & wat] & giv+ ! f[ls a ma% conta9+ "o teaspoonful ( calcium sulphide = ea* #be h5s4 ,) a l>ge flock ( h5s ! me?od successfully employ$ by "o ( ! l>ge coa/ ran*es 9 /amp+ out an epidemic ( ! disease 0 to place a sulphur smudge1 to :i* _h be5 add$ a little c>bolic acid1 9 ! p\ltry h\se aft] ! f[ls _h gone to roo/4 ,?is 0 all[$ to rema9 till ! f[ls began to sneeze1 :5 x 0 in/antly remov$4 ,! affect$ f[ls 7 also treat$ by dipp+ ! heads 9 a solution ( p]manganate ( pota%4 ,r\p 9 ,turkeys4 ,my turkeys h a disease t is spread+ rapidly4 ,!y comm5ce ) a runn+ at ! nose1 h swell+ "u ! eyes :i* are fill$ ) pus4 ,?is is cle>ly a case ( cold develop+ into r\p4 ,get "o ounce ( p]manganate ( pota% & p\r a qu>t ( boil+ wat] ov]2 aft] x is cold1 bottle = use4 ,n[ take an old t9 c1 ?ree p>ts full ( w>m1 n hot wat]1 & drop 9 en\gh ( ! p]manganate ( pota% to make x d>k r$4 ,hold ! turk's head "u 9 ?is c until x ne$s brea? !n give x "t to brea!1 & dip aga94 ,press ! f+]s along ! swoll5 p>ts t[>ds ! no/rils & get out all ! pus y c1 !n take a sew+-ma*9e oil c & fill x ) a little ( ! mixture1 & "p olive oil1 inject ! liquid up ! no/rils & 9 ! cleft ( ! m\?4 ,put a little ( ! p]manganate 9 ! dr9k+ wat] = all ! flock4 ,make ! wat] a light r$1 lat] x w turn to a dirty br[n1 b don't m9d t4 ,dis9fectants4 ,:at c ,i use to dis9fect p\ltry belong+s8 ,sulphuric acid spray is good1 b y w ne$ to be v c>eful t y d n get x on ! h&s or clo?+4 ,get #af ounces sulphuric acid 7#ej p] c5t solution71 wat] #f gallons4 ,h ! wat] 9 a wood5 tub or b>rel & add ! sulphuric acid to ! wat] v sl[ly1 9 ord] n to spla% x on ! fle% or clo!s4 ,b m9d3 no?+ b wood5 vessels to mix x 94 ,:5 made accord+ to directions1 & ( ?is /r5g? x is a v valuable dis9fectant1 b is dang]\s to use ( any /rong] mix+4 ,aft] mix+1 x c be /or$ 9 glass bottles or e>!nw>e jugs4 ,ano!r v good dis9fectant = p\ltry h\ses & runs is ! =maldehyde dis9fectant4 ,=maldehyde #a p9t 7#dj p] c5t71 wat] #b gallons4 ,?is is f9e = h\ses t y c %ut up4 ,turn ! f[ls out ( ! build+1 close all w9d[s1 & spray ?or\ghly1 !n close ! door & leave x d ! "w4 ,air well by op5+ w9d[s & door sev]al h\rs be=e ! f[ls g to roo/4 ,clo? = ,brood+ ,h\ses4 ,w\ld "s good grade ( :ite clo? on a frame d z well1 or w\ld x be bett] ?an glass1 = a brood] h\se1 or w\ld x keep out too mu* sun-heat8 ,*eeseclo?1 n heavy clo?1 w\ld be bett] ?an glass1 s f> z ! sun is conc]n$4 ,!re w\ld be none ( ! ov]heat+ dur+ ! middle ( ! day foll[$ by ! *ill+ at night :i* are caus$ by a l>ge expanse ( glass4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re %\ld n be op5+s on opposite sides ( ! h\se to create a draft4 ,also1 ! rat & v]m9 "q mu/ be consid]$4 ,x might be necess>y to h wire scre5s made to fit firmly ov] ! clo? at night4 ,gra9s = ,*ick5s4 ,:at v>iety ( gra9 adopt$ = p\ltry food w be ! be/ to gr[1 ) & also )\t irrigation8 ,:eat is a /&>d gra9 = p\ltry fe$+1 & ,egyptian corn is also l>gely us$4 ,indian corn is also satisfactory1 "u ! g5]al roles = comp\nd+ p\ltry rations :i* are laid d[n by all au?orities on ! subject4 ,egyptian corn is v successful 9 ! int]ior p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 &1 on l&s :i* are w9t]-pl[$ & h>r[ to reta9 moi/ure1 v satisfactory results c be secur$ by summ] gr[? )\t irrigation f plant+ z soon z fro/ dang] is ov]4 ,pluck+ ,ducks & ,geese4 ,i w\ld l to "k ab\t h[1 :5 & h[ (t5 to pick old ducks s z to get ! fea!rs = pill[s & n kill ! ducks1 ei!r4 ,w !y lay any eggs :ile gr[+ new fea!rs8 ,nei!r ducks nor geese %\ld be pluck$ until aft] ! lay+ season is ov]1 :i* w be 9 ,july4 ,j be=e ! m\lt1 :5 ! fea!rs beg9 to loos51 !y may be pluck$ aga94 ,^? mo/ consid]ate ( _! birds make only ?is latt] pluck+1 :i* does n greatly inconv5i5ce ! f[ls4 ,at no "t mu/ !y be pluck$ unless ! fea!rs are ripe2 t is1 dry at ! root1 s t no ble$+ or injury to ! sk9 is caus$4 ,an old /ock+ is drawn ov] ! head ( ! victim1 & ! bird held 9 ! pluck]'s lap on a burlap apron2 !n ! s(t fea!rs on ! body are quickly & v g5tly remov$2 b ^? on ! side ( ! body :i* support ! w+s %\ld n be tak54 ,great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ n to injure ! sk9 or p9fea!rs or pull ! d[n4 ,to gr[ new fea!rs quickly & resume lay+ are matt]s :i* dep5d l>gely ^u ! condition ( ! bird & ! fe$4 ,! latt] %\ld consi/ ( "s #ae p] c5t ( animal food4 ,fe$+ ,h5s = ,hat*+ ,eggs4 ,%\ld s(t fe$ be giv5 to ! mo!rs ( *icks int5d$ = broil]s8 ,h[ ab\t dry ma%8 ,h[ w\ld y advise fe$+ animal prote98 ,cut out all gr\nd fe$1 except p]haps a little :eat bran4 ,:ile y may n get q z _m eggs1 !y w all h good /rong g]ms & ! *icks w /& =c+ to ! limit1 :ile if y =ce ! egg output y r$uce ! vitality ( ! g]ms & livability ( *icks hat*$4 ,! only way to fe$ h5s ^: eggs are int5d$ = hat*+ *icks = broil]s is to fe$ :ole gra9 & make !m ex]cise = x1 good gre5 fe$1 or1 bett] /ill1 spr\t$ oats1 & fe$ beef scrap 9 a hopp] all ! "t4 ,at fir/1 :ile x is new1 !y may eat m ?an y w\ld give !m b don't m9d t !y w regulate ! quantity 9 a few days bett] ?an y c4 ,get a good grade ( beef scrap & keep x 9 a hopp] t w n let ra9 9 or keep x "u cov] & fe$ all ! :eat & oats !y require2 if y are %ort on gre5 fe$ give !m a bale ( alfalfa hay to "w on4 ,a ,dry ,ma%4 ,w y give a =mula = a dry ma%8 ,:eat bran1 #ejj p\nds2 middl+s1 #bjj p\nds2 crack$ corn1 #bjj p\nds2 *>coal1 #bj p\nds2 alfalfa meal #bjj p\nds2 bone meal1 #aej p\nds2 blood-meal #ajj p\nds2 meat crackl+s1 if gr\nd1 #bjj p\nds2 gr\nd oats or b>ley1 #cjj p\nds4 ,give oy/] %ell sep>ately & supply f[ls ) good %>p grit4 ,deplum+ ,mites4 ,my *ick5s are los+ ! fea!rs f _! necks1 "s ?ree in*es d[n ! front & !n ext5d+ ar\nd ! neck4 ,! loss ( fea!rs is probably due to ! deplum+ mite4 ,du/ well ) buha* ?r\gh ! fea!r$ portion ( ! bird & apply c>bolat$ vasel9e to ! b>e sk9 & ! edges ( ! fea!rs :]e ! insects "w4 ,d ?is daily z long z ne$$4 ,:5 vasel9e is n on h&1 a mixture ( coal oil & sweet oil appli$ ) a s(t sponge squeez$ ne>ly dry does z well4 ,we w\ld advise t y make a g5]al clean+ & spray+ ( y\r p\ltry qu>t]s1 ne/ boxes1 etc4 ,"p ,,ix4 ,pe/s & ,diseases ( ,plants ,control ( ,gras%opp]s4 ,?is c\nty is hav+ tr\ble ) ! gras%opp]s z are o!r c\nties4 ,w\ld y k9dly in=m me :at ,i c\ld d to ext]m9ate !m on my "y or*>d8 ,! be/ ?+ = gras%opp]s is to fix up a lot ( poison4 ,?is is made 9 ! proportion ( #dj p\nds ( bran1 #b p\nds ( molasses & #e ( ars5ic1 mix$ toge!r z a ma%4 ,!y w take ?is :]ev] !y f9d x1 ev5 :5 nice gre5 leaves are close by1 b x has to be kept moi/4 ,gras%opp]s c also be r$uc$ by driv+ a hopp] dos] ov] gr\nd :]e !y are4 ,?is is made some:at l a ,fresno scrap]1 b is mu* long] & ! bottom is cov]$ ) crude oil4 ,:5 di/urb$ ! hopp]s jump up & fall into ! oil4 ,besides ! poison1 y %\ld also protect ! trunk ( ! tree to prev5t ! hopp]s f climb+ up x4 ,?is c be done by apply+ tree tanglefoot1 or putt+ on "o ( ! tree gu>ds t prev5t climb+ insects f pass+ up to ! leaves4 ,! comb9ation ( poison & tree gu>ds w give y ab\t all ! protection y ne$4 ,sunburn & ,bor]s4 ,please /ate ! be/ rem$y = keep+ ! bor] out ( "y fruit trees4 ,sunburn c be prev5t$ 9 _m ways4 ,! manufactur$ tree-protectors are good if !y are light color$ & are kept 9 place s t ! sun does n scald above or bel[ !m4 ,wrapp+ spirally ) n>r[ /rips ( burlap1 torn f old gra9 sacks1 f ! base to ! =k+ ( ! bran*es1 is also good4 ,a v effective & widely us$ me?od is to apply a good durable :itewa% :i* may be made ( #cj p\nds ( lime1 #d p\nds ( tall[ & #e p\nds ( salt1 add+ ! salt to ! wat] us$ 9 slak+ ! lime1 /irr+ 9 ! tall[ :ile ! slak+ is 9 progress & hot1 & !n add+ wat] to ?9 ! wa% s t x w "w well ) pump or bru%4 ,gumm+ ( ,prune ,trees4 ,i write to ask = in=mation conc]n+ my prune trees4 ,!y are f two to six ye>s old & ! gum is exud+ f !m4 ,z ,i notice ! bran*es dy+ ,i cut !m out1 b ?is doesn't seem to save ! tree4 ,i w\ld appreciate any in=mation y c give me4 ,?is is a pretty h>d matt] to diagnose f a di/ance4 ,!re is a good probability t ! tr\ble is caus$ by sunburn1 a po9t y c\ld det]m9e on inspection4 ,:itewa% w\ld be a protection aga9/ ?is & m or less ( a cure also4 ,fur!rmore1 bor]s may be ! cause1 :i* c be det]m9$ by exam9+ ! po9ts :]e ! gum exudes1 see+ if any wood gra9s are pres5t4 ,^! bor]s %\ld be dug out & :itewa% appli$1 :i* latt] also protects aga9/ ?is tr\ble4 ,la/ly1 y\r gr\nd may be dry+ out1 :i* also y c det]m9e & rem$y4 ,bor]s 9 ,olive ,twigs4 ,!re are q a numb] ( olive trees 9 ?is locality t h some?+ wrong ) !m4 ,!y make a gr[? ( five or six in*es & ! c5t] twig dies back1 !n x spr\ts out at ! sides & makes ano!r gr[? 9 ! same way4 ,?is makes a ?ick bu% in/ead ( ! tree com+ up z x %\ld4 ,! dy+ back is caus$ by a beetle :i* bores into ! twigs4 ,! twigs above ! po9t :]e ! beetle ent]s dies & !n1 ( c\rse1 buds come out f heal?y wood bel[4 ,no treatm5t has be5 devis$ aga9/ x1 ?\gh its bre$+ gr\nd is limit$ if all dead wood & bru% & litt] is clean$ up & twigs are cut (f bel[ ! po9t ( injury :5ev] ! "w ( ! insect is se54 ,raspb]ry ,cane ,bor]4 ,c y tell me :at to d = my ,loganb]ries & raspb]ries8 ,a small worm got into !m 9 ! new gr[? ( wood lo/ summ]1 "r 9 ! tips ( ! new gr[? ( wood1 & !n work$ d[n ?r\gh ! pi? ( ! wood1 & z fa/ z !y work$ d[n ! c wilt$4 ,?is is ! raspb]ry horn-tail1 or ! cane-bor]4 ,! adults are wasp-l insects ab\t a half-in* long & v active4 ,!y come out ( ! canes 9 spr+ & ! females soon lay eggs 9 ! t5d] tips ( ! "y %oots4 ,^! eggs soon hat* & ! l>vae eat _! way up t[>d ! tip1 :i* causes x to )] & die4 ,x is ?is injury t causes mu* notice4 ,z ! tip dies1 ! l>vae turn & g d[n into ! canes1 z 9 ! sample s5t1 also injur+ !m greatly1 ?\gh possibly n kill+ !m = "s "t4 ,! only way to attack !m is to p9* ! spots :]e ! eggs 7 laid2 !n ^? t escape & cause ! tips to wilt %\ld be de/roy$ by cutt+ (f ! tips bel[ ! po9t ( injury or cutt+ (f ! canes :5 !y %[ damage4 ,likewise1 ! insects "w on ! wild rose1 & cutt+ all ^? out ar\nd a place w prev5t en\gh adults f develop+ to p]mit little damage to be done1 always provid$ ! b]ries are well look$ aft]4 ,control ( ,r$ ,spid]4 ,c y give directions = ! prev5tion ( injury by ! r$ spid] to almond & o!r trees 9 ! ,sacram5to volley8 ,! r$ spid] on almond & prune trees is usually controll$ by ! ?or\gh application ( dry sulphur to ! foliage4 ,on almonds ! fir/ sulphur+ %\ld be done z soon z ! leaves appe> 9 ,m>*4 ,a second application is advis$ f ! #a/ to ! #aj? ( ,may4 ,a ?ird application %\ld be made f ! #a/ to ! #aj? ( ,june4 ,prune trees %\ld be treat$ z soon z ! spid] appe>s4 ,9 ! ,sacram5to valley ?is usually occurs ab\t ! fir/ week ( ,july4 ,full-gr[n trees require ab\t a p\nd ( sulphur :i* %\ld be ?or\ghly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! foliage4 ,! old me?od ( ?r[+ a h&ful ( sulphur 9 ! bran*es ( ! tree or on ! gr\nd "u ! tree is valueless4 ,! use ( a bl[] is economical 9 l>ge or*>ds1 b a c ) p]=at$ bottom is frequ5tly us$ on "y trees or small or*>ds ) good results4 ,9 normal seasons ! spid] is easily1 controll$ by dry sulphur+4 ,:5 ! pe/ does n yield to ?is treatm5t1 a spray is recomm5d$4 ,liquid ,spray = ,r$ ,spid]4 ,is !re any liquid spray ,i c use 9 my spray+ t w kill ! r$ spid] )\t injur+ ! foliage ( ! almond8 ,a liquid spray = r$ spid] is made by tak+ sulphur #cj p\nds2 lime 7r$uc$ to milk =m by wat]71 #ae p\nds2 wat]1 #bjj gallons2 or use comm]cial lime-sulphur1 #d or #e gallons to #bjj gallons ( wat]4 ,^! sprays c be appli$ )\t injur+ ! foliage4 ,!y are m exp5sive 9 labor co/ ?an dry sulphur+1 b are m effective4 ,apple-,leaf ,aphis4 ,i am s5d+ h]e) a small piece f "o ( my "y apple trees4 ,if y c1 w y k9dly tell me :at ! insects are an x1 & :at ,i _h bett] d = !m8 ,! apple twig :i* y s5d is infe/$ ) ! eggs ( ! leaf aphis or leaf l\se4 ,^! eggs are v difficult to kill4 ,a good ?or\gh spray+ ) lime-sulphur might1 h[ev]1 get rid ( _m ( !m & w\ld be good = ! trees o!rwise - dilut+ accord+ to condition ( tree gr[?4 ,! *ief campaign aga9/ ! leaf aphis1 h[ev]1 mu/ be made e>ly 9 ! gr[+ season1 j z ^! pe/s are beg9n+ to hat* out & to accumulate "u ! leaves ( ! new gr[?4 ,!y %\ld !n be attack$ ) prop]ly made k]os5e emulsion or tobacco extract ) a nozzle suit$ to l& ! spray on ! "u side ( ! leaves4 ,unless ^! pe/s are attack$ e>ly 9 ! season & repeat$ if necess>y1 y\r apples on be>+ trees w be ru9$ s f> z !y attack !m1 be+ small1 mis%ap$ & wor?less4 ,on "y trees ! de/ruction ( ! foliage is fatal to good gr[?4 ,woolly ,aphis4 ,w y k9dly in=m me :at y consid] ! be/ treatm5t = apple trees affect$ by woolly aphis8 ,! be/ way to kill ! woolly aphis on ! roots is to remove ! e>? f ar\nd ! tree to a di/ance ( "o or two feet1 accord+ to ! size ( ! tree1 digg+ away a few in*es ( ! surface soil1 ,!n soak ! soil ar\nd ! tree ) k]os5e emulsion1 prop]ly made1 ( #ae p] c5t /r5g?1 & replace ! e>?4 ,be sure y get a good emulsion1 = free oil is dang]\s4 ,= ! insects above gr\nd on ! twigs1 a good spray+ :ile ! tree is out ( leaf w kill _m1 b "s w survive = summ] spray+1 & = ?is a tobacco spray may be mo/ conv5i5t4 ,bli/] ,mite on ,walnuts4 ,i am s5d+ y "s walnut leaves ) "s swell+s an !m4 ,!y are v pl5tiful on "s trees "h4 ,is ! tr\ble s]i\s & w x spread8 ,?is is m]ely ,er9ose1 or ,bli/] ,mite1 :i* is a v common tr\ble on walnuts1 b does n d en\gh damage to call = me?ods ( control4 ,^! swell+s are caus$ by num]\s1 v small insects :i* live )9 ! bli/]s on ! "u side ( ! leaf among/ a felt-l1 heavy gr[? :i* develops !re4 ,:ile ?is effect is v common1 x produces no appreciable injury & ne$s no treatm5t = its control4 ,scale on ,apricots4 ,i w\ld l to "k h[ to *eck ! scale on apricot trees4 ,! mo/ common scale on apricots1 ! br[n apricot scale1 is usually held 9 *eck by ! comys fusca1 :i* is z widely di/ribut$ z ! scale itself4 ,if x gets beyond ! p>asite1 y %\ld spray 9 w9t] ) crude oil emulsion4 ,if "s scales are punctur$ or h a black spot on top1 ! comys fusca is busy & y probably w be safe en\gh )\t do+ any?+4 ,fumigat+ = ,black ,scale4 ,i w\ld l to "k ! be/ me?od ( eradicat+ ! black scale f my orange trees1 :e!r by spray+ or fumigation8 ,spray+ has be5 giv5 up z a suitable me?od = controll+ ! black scale on citrus trees1 & ! only recogniz$ me?od ( m]it :]e ! scale is bad is by fumigation ) hydrocyanic acid gas4 ,y %\ld communicate ) y\r c\nty horticultural commission]1 :o1 ?r\gh inspectors1 w see t y h a good job done1 at ! "r "t & at z mod]ate price z is compatible ) good "w4 ,x is impossible to 'eradicate' ! black scale1 b !re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! am\nt t c be kill$1 & x pays to h a job done z ne> p]fectly z possible4 ,simil> me?ods ( attack+ o!r scale insects on citrus trees are us$4 ,f9d+ ,?rips4 ,h[ c ! pres5ce ( pe> ?rips be detect$ 9 a prune or*>d8 ,w ! di/illate emulsion-nicot9e spray control br[n scale z well z ?rips8 ,y c f9d ?rips by %ak+ a clu/] ( blossoms1 z soon z !y op51 ov] a %eet ( pap] or 9 ! palm ( y\r h&4 ,! ?rips are v m9ute1 transp>5t1 some:at l\se-l insects4 ,! spray y m5tion w\ld probably h little effect on ! br[n scale :i* w\ld /ill be 9 ! egg /ate & "u cov]1 at ! "t ! e>ly spr+ spray+ = ! ?rips4 ,control ( ,pe> ,slug4 ,i am s5d+1 "u sep>ate cov]1 "s samples ( *]ry tree leaves t h be5 attack$ by a small snail or slug4 ,k9dly let me "k :at !y are1 & h[ to rid ! trees ( !m4 ,! creatures y speak ( are ! pe> slugs1 or ! *]ry slugs1 z !y are sometimes kn[n4 ,al?\gh slimy1 l ! big yell[ slug t is a pe/ 9 vegetable g>d5s1 x is no relation !reto1 b is ! l>va ( an insect4 ,its olive gre5 color1 slimy appe>ance & ! way x eats ! surface ( ! leaves make x ab\t ! easie/ ( all insects to id5tify4 ,p>asites & pr$aci\s insects usually keep x 9 fair control4 ,:5ev] artificial me?ods ( control are ne$$ ! slugs c be/ be de/roy$ by spr9kl+ du/ ( any k9d ^u !m4 ,if y c get a ma*9e = sulphur+ a v9ey>d & use "s air slak$ lime or o!r f9e du/1 x w fix !m quickly & inexp5sively1 ?\gh any way ( apply+ du/ may be us$4 ,cutworms & ,"y ,trees4 ,:at me?od %\ld be us$ to protect "y fruit trees f cutworms8 ,hoe ar\nd ! trees or v9es & kill ! fat1 greasy grubs :i* y w f9d ne> ! foliage4 ,put out a poison$ bait :i* ! worms l bett] ?an ! foliage1 viz4 ,bran1 #aj p\nds2 :ite ars5ic1 #a_/b p\nd2 molasses1 #a_/b gallon2 wat]1 #b gallons4 ,mix ! ars5ic ) ! bran dry4 ,add ! molasses to ! wat] & mix into ! bran1 mak+ a moi/ pa/e4 ,put a tablespoonful ne> ! base ( ! tree or v9e & lock up ! *ick5s4 ,control ( ,squa% ,bugs4 ,we are tr\bl$ ) pumpk9 bugs4 ,please tell u :at to d = !m4 ,:5 ! bugs fir/ make _! appe>ance 9 ! field !y c be easily dispos$ ( by h& pick+ & dropp+ into a bucket conta9+ ab\t two in*es ( wat] ) ab\t "o-f\r? in* ( k]os5e on top to kill ! bugs4 ,! pick+ %\ld be done 9 ! morn+1 z ! bugs are apt to fly 9 ! w>m "p ( ! day & scatt] :]e already pick$4 ,two p]sons c pick ov] an acre 9 "o & a half h\rs1 & two pick+s are usually suffici5t = a season1 z aft] ! v9es beg9 to run ov] ! gr\nd pretty well ! bugs w n be able to hurt !m mu*4 ,a pair ( ?9 old gloves w help to keep (f "o's h&s "s ( ! p]fume f ! bugs4 ,! soon] ! "w />ts ! few] bugs to pick4 ,clean+ up ( all old v9es 9 ! fall & remov+ litt] 9 :i* ! mature bugs hide = ! w9t] w p]mit less eggs to be laid 9 ! spr+ & !re w be few] bugs to pick z a result4 ,! ,corn ,worm4 ,la/ ye> all my e>s ( corn 7 infe/$ ) maggot1 gr[+ fat !reon4 ,c y help me sc>e !m away8 ,y h to d ) ! s-call$ corn worm :i* is v abundant 9 ?is ,/ate & "o ( ! greate/ pe/s to corn gr[+4 ,x is ! same insect :i* is kn[n z ! boll worm ( ! cotton 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,no satisfactory me?od ( controll+ ?is has be5 f\nd1 al?\gh a great deal ( exp]im5tation has be5 done4 ,ne>ly ev]y?+ t c\ld be ?\ght ( has be5 tri$ )\t v satisfactory results4 ,a late plant$ corn has sometimes be5 free1 = ! insect is n 9 ! lay+ /age !n4 ,if x 7 n = ?is insect ! cann+ ( corn w\ld be an important indu/ry 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,melon ,lice4 ,i h 9 ab\t f\r acres ( wat]melons1 & !re seem to be lice & a small gnat or fly1 & also "s small gre5 bugs & :ite worms on ! "u "p ( ! leaves1 :i* seem to be /opp+ ! gr[? ( ! v9es1 mak+ !m wilt & die4 ,!y seem to be m 9 pat*es1 al?\gh a few on all ! v9es4 ,c y please tell me :at to d = !m8 ,melon lice are v h>d to cat* up ) aft] y h let !m get a />t4 ,spray+ ) oil emulsions1 tobacco extracts1 soap solutions1 etc41 w all kill ! lice if y get x onto !m ) a good spray pump & suitable nozzles = rea*+ ! "u sides ( ! leaves4 ,! gnats y speak ( are ! w+$ =ms ( ! lice2 ! :ite worms may be eat+ ! lice2 ! small gre5 bugs may be diabroticas4 ,if y _h />t$ 9 lively z soon z y saw ! fir/ lice y c\ld h de/roy$ !m 9 ! places :]e !y />t$4 ,n[ y\r *ance lies l>gely 9 ! natural multiplication ( ladybirds & ! occurr5ce ( hot w9ds :i* w burn up ! lice4 ,x is too late probably1 to und]take spray+ ! :ole field4 ,wire ,worms4 ,is !re any way to de/roy or ov]come ! de/ructive "w ( ! wireworm1 :i* ,i f9d 9 "s spots takes ! lion's %>e ( crops1 su* z beans1 potatoes1 onions1 etc48 ,we d n "k any easy way ) wire worms4 ,nitrate ( soda is believ$ to kill or repel !m1 b y h to be c>eful ) x1 = too mu* w ei!r ov]-/imulate or kill ! kill2 ab\t #bjj p\nds p] acre1 well di/ribut$1 is ! usual prescription = ! good ( ! plants4 ,wire worms c probably be kill$ ) c>bon bisulphide1 us+ a tablespoonful p\r$ into holes ab\t a foot deep1 ?ree or f\r feet ap>t4 ,! vapor w\ld p]meate ! soil & kill all gr\nd insects1 b ! acre-co/ ( su* treatm5t mu/ be measur$ 9 its relation to ! value ( ! crop4 ,! mo/ promis+ policy ) wire worms is rotation ( crops1 />v+ !m out ) a gra9 or grass crop & n gr[+ su* crops z y m5tion cont9ually on ! same l&4 ,bean ,weevil4 ,h[ c ,i keep c]ta9 insects f gett+ into my dry beans8 ,i h f9i%$ pick+ ! crop4 ,e ye> a little1 %ort1 /ubby beetle gets 9 !m be=e spr+ & makes !m unfit = use4 ,y h to d ) ! bean weevil4 ,! eggs are ins]t$ by ! insect :ile ! beans are /ill gre5 9 ! pods2 subsequ5tly ! eggs hat* & ! worm excavates ! int]ior ( ! rip5$ beans4 ,! beans c be protect$ aft] rip5+ by heat+ c>efully to #acj ,fahr5heit1 :i* w de/roy ! egg1 or ! l>va if already hat*$4 ,( c\rse1 ?is heat+ mu/ be done cauti\sly & ) ! aid ( a good !rmomet] = fe> ( de/roy+ ! g]m9at+ p[]4 ,! "w ( ! insect c also be /opp$ by putt+ ! beans 9 a b>rel or o!r close receptacle1 ) a sauc] conta9+ ab\t an ounce ( c>bon bi-sulfid to vaporize4 ,be c>eful n to approa* ! vapor ) a light4 ,aft] treatm5t = "o-half h\r1 ! cov] c be remov$ & ! vapor w entirely dissipate4 ,?is is a saf] treatm5t ?an ! heat+4 ,simil> me?ods ( control c be us$ on o!r pea & bean weevils4 ,slugs 9 ,g>d54 ,c y advise me h[ ,i c get rid ( slugs 9 my g>d58 ,:5 b>ri]s ( lime1 a%es1 etc41 are ineffective1 traps consi/+ ( pieces ( bo>d sack+ & simil> mat]ials plac$ ab\t ! field prove invit+ to ! slugs4 ,!y collect "u ^! & by go+ ov] ! field 9 ! e>ly morn+ !y may be put into a salt-wat] solution or o!rwise de/roy$4 ,ars5ical sprays appli$ ) an und]spray nozzle to ! l[] surface ( ! leaves w help control ! slugs4 ,poison bran ma% consi/+ ( #af p\nds ( co>se bran1 #b qu>ts ( *eap syrup1 & en\gh w>m wat] to make a co>se ma%1 is v good = cutworms & %\ld be equally effective = slugs4 ,x %\ld be plac$ 9 small heaps ab\t ! plants to be protect$4 ,cabbage leaves dipp$ 9 grease dripp+s & plac$ ab\t ! fields also prove attractive bait = ! slugs1 :i* may !n be collect$ !re4 ,if a p]son has a ta/e = p\ltry1 ! keep+ ( a few ducks may solve ! slug problem )\t fur!r bo!r4 ,cultivation or irrigation me?ods t give a dry surface mo/ ( ! "t also disc\rage ^! pe/s4 ,cause ( ,mottle ,leaf4 ,:at is ! cause & cure ( mottle leaf ( citrus trees8 ,!re are app>5tly a numb] ( causes ( ?is tr\ble1 all m or less obscure & h>d to ov]come4 ,x is g5]ally ?\ght t x is due to poor nutrition1 :atev] ! reason = poor nutrition might be4 ,! pres5ce ( a nematode or eel worm on ! roots has f\nd to be a cause ( mottle leaf 9 _m cases4 ,poor dra9age1 too s&y soil & a numb] ( o!r ?+s frequ5tly cause x4 ,:atev] ! cause1 no "o good me?od ( cure has be5 f\nd4 ,potato ,scab4 ,i ?9k mo/ ( my potatoes w h "s scab4 ,w y please tell me if my next crop w\ld be apt to h scab1 provid$ ,i got good clean se$ & plant$ 9 ! same gr\nd8 ,x seems demon/rat$ t a treatm5t ( ! se$ w practically insure aga9/ potato scab4 ,"o me?od is dipp+ ! potatoes 9 a solution ( corrosive sublimate4 ,dissolve "o ounce 9 eight gallons ( wat] & soak ! se$ potatoes 9 ?is solution = "o & "o-half h\rs be=e cutt+4 ,goph] ,poison4 ,i h "s alfalfa1 "s hogs & "s goph]s1 also "s /ry*n9e & c>rots4 ,if ,i put ! /ry*n9e on ! c>rots1 & endeavor to poison ! goph]s1 & ! hogs get hold ( ! poison w x kill !m8 ,y w f9d t hogs are liable to poison l any o!r animal1 & ! safe/ way to poison ! goph]s1 :ile ! hogs are runn+ 9 ! field is to bury ! poison$ c>rots v deeply 9 ! goph] hole & !n put a r[ ( /icks or bran*es ov] ! m\? ( ! hole s t ! hogs _c root ar\nd & get at ! poison$ c>rots4 ,h[ to ,make ,bordeaux4 ,use copp] sulphate 7blue/one7 #e p\nds2 quick-lime 7good /one lime71 #f p\nds2 wat]1 #ej gallons4 ,put ! blue/one 9 a sack & hang x s x w be susp5d$ j "u ! surface ( a b>rel ( wat] ov] night1 or dissolve 9 hot wat]4 ,use "o gallon ( wat] to "o p\nd ( blue/one4 ,slake ! lime 9 a sep>ate b>rel1 us+ j en\gh wat] to make a smoo?1 clean1 ?9 :itewa%4 ,/ir ?is vigor\sly4 ,use wood5 vessels only4 ,fill ! spray tank half full ( wat]1 add "o gallon ( blue/one solution = ea* p\nd requir$1 !n /ra9 9 ! lime & ! rema9d] ( ! wat] & /ir ?or\ghly4 ,! =mula may be v>i$ accord+ to conditions1 us+ f #c to #h p\nds ( blue/one to #ej gallons ( wat] & an equal or slight excess ( lime4 ,use ! /rong] mixture 9 ra9y wea!r4 ,keep ! mixture con/antly agitat$ :ile apply+4 ,=mula = ,lime-,sulphur4 ,to make lime-sulphur take quick-lime1 #bj p\nds2 gr\nd sulphur1 #ae p\nds & wat] #cj gallons4 ,slake ! lime ) hot wat] 9 a l>ge kettle1 add ! sulphur & /ir well toge!r4 ,aft] ! viol5t slak+ subsides add m wat] & boil ! mixture ov] a fire = at lea/ "o h\r4 ,aft] boil+ suffici5tly /ra9 into ! spray tank & dilute ) wat] to ! prop] /r5g?4 ,if a /eam boil] is available1 ?is mixture may be prep>$ m easily on a l>ge scale by cook+ 9 b>rels into :i* /eam pipes are introduc$4 ,?is mixture _c be appli$ safely except dur+ ! w9t] :5 ! trees are dormant4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! lime-sulphur us$ 9 ! ,/ate is pur*as$ already prep>$ 9 m conc5trat$ =m4 ,index ,fruit ,gr[+4 ,almond ,graft+ on ,pea* ,prun+ ,budd+ & ,graft+ ,plant+ ,poll9ation ,roots = ,longevity ( ,se$l+s ,d ,n ,plant 9 ,place ,/ick-,tights ,& ,pea* ,apples ,%y-,be>+ ,n on ,qu9ce ,/ock ,= ,& ,alfalfa ,top ,graft+ ,mildew on ,se$l+s ,prun+ ,w ,!y ,be ,same ,k9d ,places = ,graft+ 9 ,place ,resi/ant ,roots ,= ,hot ,place ,die-,back ( ,/orage ( ,root-,grafts ,apricots ,prun+ ,%y-,be>+ ,propagation ,r5ew+ ,old ,summ] ,prun+ ,bananas ,9 ,cali=nia ,b]ries ,prun+ ,himalayas ,h>d9ess ( ,hybrids ,) ,p]fect ,fl[]s ,prun+ ,loganb]ries ,/rawb]ry ,plant+ ,blackb]ries = ,dry+ ,plant+ ,bu% ,fruits ,/rawb]ry ,plants ,/rawb]ries 9 ,succession ,gooseb]ries1 ,limitations ( ,c>obs ,9 ,cali=nia ,*]ries ,= ,hot ,place ,wild ,prun+ ,tra9+ ,grafts ,re/or+ ,tress ,poll9ation ,citron ,cur+ ,citrus ,fruit ,temp]atures ,filb]t ,roots ,filb]t ,gr[+ ,figs ,/ick]s ,no ,goph]-,pro( ,roots ,trays1 ,clean+ ,fruit ,trees ,dep? ( ,soil ,:at ,slopes & ,ov]fl[ ,roots = & ,sunburn ,budd+ ,/>t+ f ,se$ ,squ>e or ,triangul> ,plant+ ,plant+ on ,cle>+s ,dipp+ ,roots ( ,prep>+ = ,plant+ ,dep? ( ,plant+ ,9 ,wet ,place ,cutt+ ,back at ,plant+ ,bran*+ ,"y ,coal ,t> & ,asphaltum ,regul> ,be>+ ( ,avoid+ ,crot*es ,crot*-,splitt+ ,/r5g!n+ ,cov]+ ,w\nds ,cov]+ ,sunburn$ ,b>k ,gravel ,/reak ,transplant+ ,old ,dw>f+ ,se$l+ ,fill+ ,holes 9 ,def]r+ ,bloom ,repair+ ,rabbit ,injuries ,crops ,betwe5 ,scions = ,mail+ ,scions f ,"y ,trees ,:itewa%+ ,decidu\s ,plant+ ,on ,coa/ ,s&s ,ov] ,und]fl[ ,grapefruit & ,nuts ,grapes ,dry ,f>m+ ,cutt+ ,fro/$ ,canes ,dipp+ ,se$less ,zante ,currant ,v9es = ,arbor ,prun+ ,old ,v9es ,ble$+ ,v9es ,scant ,moi/ure ,sulphur+ = ,mildew ,sug> 9 ,cann$ ,plant+ ,graft+ ,wax ,june ,drop ,kill+ ,moss on ,tree ,int]plant+1 ,wrong idea ,lemons ,citrus ,budd+ ,no ,citrus ,fruits on ,roots ,mulb]ries ,prun+ & ,graft+ ,nurs]y ,/ock 9 ,"y ,or*>d ,or*>d ,replant+ ,pl[+ 9 ,"y ,pigs 9 ,=age ,"u ,spray$ ,trees ,oranges ,wat] & ,fro/ ,?9n+ ,w9d-,bl[n ,trees ,h&l+ ,ball$ ,trees ,navel ,n ,?ornless ,ov]-,size ,budd+ or ,graft+ 9 ,or*>d ,"u-,prun+ ,trees ,keep+ ,trees too ,l[ ,dy+ ,back ( ,trees ,"y ,trees ,dropp+ ,fruit ,tra9+ ,crops ,betwe5 ,trees ,navels & ,val5cias ,se$l+s ,acres to ,"o ,man ,roots = ,trees ,soil & ,situation ,transplant+ ,protect+ ,"y ,trees ,n on ,osage ,no ,poll5iz] = ,navels ,wat] & ,fro/ ,fro/$1 ,:at to d ,prun+ ,fro/$ ,trees ,prun+ ,olives ,cultivat+ ,mov+ ,old ,trees ,d>k5+ ,pickl$ ,se$l+s ,mu/ ,be ,graft$ ,oranges & ,pepp]s ,budd+ ,se$l+s ,budd+ ,old f ,small ,cutt+s f ,l>ge ,cutt+s ,trimm+ ,up ,cann+ ,r5ew+ ,trees ,gr[+ f ,se$ ,neglect$ ,trees ,pea*es ,lye-peel+ ,ag$ ,trees ,r5ew+ ,or*>d ,w ,he ,h ,fill]s 9 ,apple ,or*>d ,graft+ on ,almond on ,apricot ,replant+ aft] ,root ,knot ,buds 9 ,be>+ ,trees ,poll5 ,mu/ ,be ,same ,k9d ,graft+ on ,"y ,trees ,fail to ,/>t ,plant+ 9 ,alfalfa ,sod ,pecan ,gr[+ ,pe>s ,poll9ation ( ,b>tletts ,comics ,n on ,pea* ,dw>f ,pe>s ,yield 9 ,dry+ ,problems ,blight & ,bees on ,qu9ce ,pl[+1 ,"y ,or*>d ,plums - ,poll5iz+ ,prunes ,on ,almond ,re-graft+ ,silv] ,fr5* or ,italian ,myrobalan ,se$l+s ,dry+ ,sug> ,gloss+ ,dri$ ,price on ,size ,basis ,prun+ ,times ,%ap+ a ,"y ,tree ,late ,too ,mu* ,9 ,fro/y ,places ,l[ ,gr[? ,are ,tap-,roots ,ess5tial ,= a ,b>k ,w\nd ,bridg+ ,goph] ,girdles ,roots1 ,:ole or ,piece ,soil1 ,b9d+ ,plant = ,w9t] ,sp9eless ,cactus ,fruit ,/umps1 ,m$ication to ,kill ,suck]1 ,:at w x ,be ,walnuts ,e>ly ,be>+ ,h&l+ ,se$l+s ,h[ to ,/>t ,plant+ ,prun+ ,graft+ on ,oaks ,ea/]n or ,cali=nia ,blacks ,rip5+ ,cutt+ ,bel[ ,dead ,wood 9 ,alfalfa 9 ! ,hills ,increase ,be>+ ,temp]ature & ,moi/ure f ,se$ ,high-graft$ ,vegetable ,gr[+4 ,arti*okes ,j]usalem ,globe ,gr[+ ,asp>agus ,gr[+ ,beets ,leases = ,sug> ,topp+ ,mangel ,wurzels ,brussels ,spr\ts - ,bloom+ ,bean ,gr[+ ,hoe+ z ,nitrog5 ,ga!r] ,y>d-,long ,:y ,wait+ ,blackeye ,are ,c[-,peas ,horse-,bean ,gr[+ ,gr[+ ,ca/or ,inoculation ,on ,irrigat$ ,mesas ,cali=nia ,gr[n ,se$ ,clo? = ,hotb$s ,cel]y1 ,blan*+ ,*ili ,pepp]s ,corn 9 ,sacram5to ,valley 9 ,w>m ,gr\nd ,sweet1 9 ,cali=nia ,cucumb]s ,=c+ ,gr[+ ,cont9u\s ,cropp+ ,g+] 9 ,cali=nia ,9 ,cold1 ,d>k1 ,draft ,licorice 9 ,cali=nia ,l5tils1 ,gr[+ ,lettuce1 ,transplant+ ,melons ,w9t] ,ripe ,onions ,se$s & ,sets ,rip5+ f ,sets ,crops f ,se$ ,peas ,canada = ,se$ ,gr[+ ,niles ,peanuts ,h>ve/+ & ,adobe ,potatoes ,cutt+ ,plant+ ,nor!rn ,se$ ,plant$ ,e>ly ,balls ,se$-ends & ! ,moon ,plant+ ,:ole ,h[ to ,cut ,se$ ,scab ,d\ble-cropp+ ,keep+ ,yield ,new = ,se$ ,gr[+ ,aft] ,alfalfa ,flat or ,hill ,bad ,conditions = ,on ,heavy ,l& ,/orage = ,se$ & ,fro/s ,sweet1 ,plant ,gr[+ ,gr[+ ,betwe5 ,trees ,less ,wat]1 ,m ,heat ,radi%1 ,giant ,japanese ,rhub>b1 ,rott+ ,soil = ,vegetables ,squa%es ,dislike ,h>d%ip ,sunfl[]s1 ,h>ve/+ ,tomatoes ,irrigat+ ,big ,worms ,loss ( ,bloom ,gra9 & ,=age ,crops ,alfalfa ,improv+ ,l& ,cultivat+ ,suburban ,pat* & ,b]muda & ,salt ,grass & ,alkali on ,adobe & ,soil ,dep? ,irrigat+ ,cur+ ,prep>ation ( ,l& ,:]e ,gr[n ,s[+ & ,foxtail ,:i* is ,be/ & ,dry ,l& ,inoculat+ ,unirrigat$ ,"t to ,cut & ,ov]fl[ ,no ,nurse ,crop ,re-se$+ ,tak+ ,bloat f ,:at ,crop = ,se$ ,silo+ ,fir/ ,crop ,soil ,= ,h&l+ ,"y ,) ,gypsum ,alfil]ia1 ,w9t] ,pa/ure ,b>ley ,cali=nia ,v>ieties ,*evali] on ,moi/ ,l& & ,alfalfa ,beet ,sug>1 ,home-made ,beets & ,potatoes = ,/ock ,/ock1 ,summ] ,/>t ,b]seem ,b]muda ,grass ,objectionable ,black ,m$ic ,broom ,corn ,buck:eat ,gr[+ ,clov] & ,dr\ght = ,wet ,l&s ,crimson = ,%all[ ,l& = ,high ,gr\nd-,wat] ,n an ,alfalfa ,sweet1 ,cov] ,crop ,corn = ,silage ,irrigation = ,ea/]n ,se$ ,suck]+ & ,c[ ,peas ,cov] ,crop = ,hop ,y>d ,c[ ,peas 9 ,san ,joaqu9 ,c[peas ,gr[+ & ,canadian ,peas ,crop ,rotation ,dry ,pl[+ = ,gra9 ,fall ,fe$ ,=age ,plants 9 ,foo?ills ,w9t] ,p\ltry ,flax1 ,new ,zeal& ,grasses1 = ,bank-hold+ ,grass ,se$s1 ,scatt]+ ,hay ,midsumm] ,s[+ ,loose by ,measure ,oat1 ,:5 to ,cut ,rye = ,fro/$ ,gra9 ,summ] ,crop ,heat+ & ,f]m5tation ,insect ,p[d] ,johnson ,grass ,j]sey ,kale ,kafir & ,egyptian ,corn ,lawns1 ,mossy ,moon%9e ,f>m+ ,oats & ,ru/ ,pa/ur+ ,"y ,gra9 ,hurry-up ,cali=nia ,w9t] ,rape & ,milo ,rye 9 ,cali=nia ,rye ,grass1 ,italian bett] ?an ,speltz ,spurry1 ,giant ,soil ,light1 ,scant ,moi/ure ,sunfl[]s & ,soy ,beans ,russian ,sp9eless ,cactus ,sorghum ,smutty ,late ,s[n ,sorghums = ,se$ = ,plant+ ,sacal9e ,special ,crops ,teos9te ,vet*es = ,san ,joaqu9 = ,hay ,:eat1 ,sev5-head$ ,soils1 ,f]tiliz+ & ,irrigation4 ,alkali ,soil & ,trees ,treatm5t ( & ,gypsum ,di/ribution ,plants ,w ,tell & ,litmus ,alfalfa ov] ,h>dpan ,a%es & ,tomatoes 9 ,g>d5 & ,p\ltry ,manure ,bla/+ or ,til+ ,effects ( ,b>ny>d ,manure & ,alkali ,bones = ,grape ,v9es ,c a ,man ,f>m ,*>coal1 ,m$ic9e1 n ,food ,cov] ,crop1 ,be/ ,legume ,c[peas1 be/ cov] crop ,cem5t+ ,soils1 ,improvem5t ,cultivation1 ,dep? ( ,dra9+ ,wet ,spot ,dry ,pl[+ ,treatm5t & ,s[+ ,dynamite1 ,m ,ne$$ ,electro-,agriculture ,f5ugreek z ,cov] ,crop ,f]tiliz] 9 ,tree ,holes ,be/ = ,s& ,prun+s z ,suburban ,wa/es ,compo/+ ,g>d5 ,wa/es = ,sweet ,potatoes ,pe> ,or*>d ,olives ,consult ,trees ,nurs]y ,almond ,hulls & ,sawdu/ ,fruit ,trees ,oranges ,se$ ,f>m ,refuse ,sl[ ,/uff ,alfalfa ,corn ,scrap ,iron ,kelp z ,nitrate ( ,soda ,/rawb]ries ,gr\nd ,wat] ,gypsum on ,gra9 ,l& & ,alfalfa ,:at x ,does ,h[ ,mu* ,g>d5 ,peas = ,gre5 ,manure ,grape ,pomace ,h&l+ ,abuse ( ,h>dpan & ,l[ ,wat] ,humus ,burn+ ,out ,/raw = ,irrigat+ ,palms ,cond5sation = ,w9t] ,"y ,trees ,alfalfa ,h[ ,mu* = ,crops ,sewage ,cream]y ,wa/es ,h\se ,wa/e ,int5sive ,cultivation ,irrigate or ,cultivate ,irrigation ,und]gr\nd ( ,potatoes ( ,apples ( ,walnuts ,summ] & ,fall & ,f]tiliz]s ,lim+ ,*ick5 ,y>d ,legumes1 ,two 9 ,ye> ,lime ,cau/ic n ,absorb5t on ,s&y ,soil ,alfalfa ,sug> ,factory ,f]tiliz] ,manure ,wat]1 ,cultivation ,a%es ,p\ltry too ,mu* ,/able & ,bean ,/raw ,pit ,ro(+ ,value ( ,animals ,fre% & ,dry & ,%av+s ,%eep1 & ,goat ,hog & ,potatoes ,v9ey>d & ,nitrate ) ,clov] ,nitrate1 ,late ,applications ( ,oranges ,ov] ,gr\nd ,wat] ,organic ,matt]1 ,ne$s ,oranges ,h[ ,mu* ,wat] ,damp+ ,(f ,plant+ 9 ,mud ,pota% or ,wat] ,reviv+ ,blight$ ,trees ,soils & ,oranges ,crop ,*anges ,moi/ure ,defects ,refractory ,suitable = ,fruits ,bl[+ ,improv+ ,heavy ,reclaim$ ,swamp ,improv+ ,uncov]$ ,s& = ,clay ,s\r & ,old ,pla/] ,h&l+ ,or*>d ,dep? = ,citrus ,summ] ,fall[ ,sub-soil1 ,pl[ = ,/able ,dra9age = ,fruit ,se$s1 ,soak+ ,trees ov] ,high-wat] ,pl[+ t[>d or f ,irrigat$ or n ,too ,mu* ,wat] ,too ,little ,wat] ,?omas ,phosphate1 ,apply+ ,wat] ,artesian f ,wells or ,/reams ,live ,/ock & ,dairy4 ,butt]milk ,pa9t ,butt] ,go+ ,:ite ,fat1 ,:at x is ,:y n ,come ,fat 9 ,cream ,bre$+ ,"y ,m>e 9 ,purple ,l9e ,cream ,t ,won't ,:ip ,c[s 9 ,hill ,c\ntry ,concrete ,/able ,floor ,dry+ ,p]si/5t ,milk] ,foot-hill ,dairy ,free ,m>t9 ,grade1 ,:at x is ,gran>y1 ,rat-pro( ,hogs1 ,be/ ,bre$ ,j]sey ,%ort-horn ,cross ,bad ,temp]$ ,legal ,milk ,h\se ,milk ,/rong ,sep>ator z ,purifi] ,c]tifi$ ,self-,milk]1 ,cure = ,silos1 ,heat+ n ,dang]\s ,%+les1 ,make ,durable ,trespass+ ,live ,/ock ,:itewa%es = ,build+s ,gov]nm5t = ,spray ,fe$+ ,f>m ,animals ,alfalfa & ,conc5trates ,b>ley1 ,roll$ = ,c[s = ,hay ,fe$+ ,brew]s' ,gra9s = ,c[s ,balanc$ ,rations ,corn ,/alks & ,conc5trates ,cut = ,silage ,calves1 ,fe$+ ,fe$ = ,c[s ,family ,c[ ,"y ,pigs ,grape ,pomace z ,hog ,fe$ ,gra9 = ,horses ,horses1 ,vet* = ,horse ,beans & ,melons ,hay ,salt+ ,*opp+ = ,horses ,cut ,alfalfa ,/or+ ,cut ,alfalfa ,gr9d+ ,kale = ,c[ ,fe$ ,pl[ ,horses1 ,fe$ = ,pumpk9s ,fe$+ ,keep+ ,pa/ure & ,cov] ,crop ,fall & ,w9t] ,summ] = ,hogs ,pigs & ,pie-,melons ,gra9 or ,pa/ure = ,gr[+ on ,roots ,%eep1 ,w9t] ,fe$+ ,sorghum1 ,fe$+ ,silage #bjj ,dry ,fodd] ,sug> ,beets & ,silage ,/ov] ,/ock ,beets ,/or+ ,k9d ( ,spelt1 ,value ( ,/e]s on ,alfalfa ,silo1 ,size ( ,soil+ ,crops ,:eat or ,b>ley = ,hogs = ,fe$+ ,diseases ( ,animals4 ,abscess ( ,gl& ,abnormal ,?ir/ ,bloat1 ,easem5t ,b[el ,tr\ble ,bloody ,milk ,b>r5 ,heif]s ,bl9d ,teat ,bov9e ,rheumatism ,ble$+ = ,blackleg ,*ronic ,indige/ion ,ca/ration ( ,colt ,*ronic ,c\gh ,c[pox ,calf ,dys5t]y ,cleft ,ho( ,cock$ ,ankles ,cleanse ,c[s ,cak$ ,bag ,c[ ,*ew+ ,bones ,deprav$ ,appetite ,d5ti/ ,ne$$ ,dehorn+ ,=age ,poison+ ,fungus ,poison+ ,fly ,repellants ,flea ,de/roy]s ,g>get ,gl& ,enl>g$ ,heaves ,horse ) ,it* ,horses ,feet1 ,treatm5t ,hog ,*ol]a ,hog ,sickness ,infecti\s ,ma/itis ,irritation ( ,udd] ,injury to ,udd] ,kidney ,tr\ble ,lumpy jaw ,lumps 9 ,teat ,loss ( ,cud ,mange1 ,is x ,mangy ,c[ ,mu/y ,corn = ,pigs ,nail ,puncture ,neck ,swell+ ,pregnancy ( ,m>e ,p>alysis ,pneumonia 9 ,pigs ,p>alysis ( ,s[ ,rickets 9 ,hogs ,scabby ,swell+ ,sk9 ,disease1 ,fatal ,sc\rs ,side-bone ,%\ld] injury ,/iff jo9ts ,swell+ 9 ,dewlap ,/]ile ,c[ ,sup]num]>y ,teat ,sore ,eyes 9 ,pigs ,s[1 ,ov]-fat ,tub]cul\s ,milk ,ut]us1 ,diseas$ ,ur9ation ,defective ,w>ts on ,horse ,worms 9 ,horses ,w\nd ,sore 9 ,teat ,swell+s ,p\ltry ,keep+4 ,b[el ,tr\ble 9 ,*icks ,cure = ,fea!r-,eat+ ,cannibal ,*icks ,caponiz+ ,*ick5 ,pox ,clipp+ ,h5s ,dipp+ ,f[ls ,dis9fectants ,dry ,ma% ,fe$+ = ,eggs ,gra9 = ,*ick5s ,liv] ,disease ,limb] ,neck ,melons = ,f[ls ,op5 ,front ,h\ses ,r\p ,treatm5t 9 ,turkeys ,quick ,roo/]s & ,lay+ ,h5s ,pres]v+ ,eggs ,p\ltry ,tonic 9 ,or*>d ,po9t on ,mat+ ,p\ltry ,di>rhea ,rupture ( ,oviduct ,rape = ,*ick5s ,sunfl[] ,se$s = ,*icks ,tea*+ ,*icks to ,p]* ,pe/s & ,diseases ( ,plants4 ,apple-,leaf ,aphis ,bordeaux ,mixture ,bean ,weevil ,bor]s on ,olive ,twigs ,bli/] ,mite on ,walnuts ,black ,scale1 ,fumigation ,cutworms 9 ,"y ,trees ,control ( ,pe> ,slug ( ,gras%opp]s ( ,r$ ,spid] ( ,squa% ,bugs ,corn ,worm ,gumm+ ,prune ,trees ,goph] ,poison ,lime-,sulphate ,=mula ,melon ,lice ,mottle ,leaf1 ,cause ( ,potato ,scab ,raspb]ry ,cane ,bor] ,sunburn & ,bor]s ,scale on ,apricots ,spray = ,r$ ,spid] ,slugs 9 ,g>d5 ,?rips1 ,f9d+ ,wooly ,aphis ,wire ,worms