----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,transcrib]'s ,note3    ,?is v]sion ( ! 
text _c repres5t c]ta9 typographical    
effects4  ,italics are delimit$ ) ! #8' 
"* z italic4    ,m9or errors1           
attributable to ! pr9t]1 h be5 correct$4
 ,please  see ! transcrib]'s note at !  
end ( ?is text = details reg>d+  ! h&l+ 
( any textual issues enc\nt]$ dur+ its  
prep>ation4    ,! cov] image has be5    
modifi$ to include ! title1 au?or &     
publication date1 & is1 s modifi$1 add$ 
to ! public doma94                      
,,!                                     
,,ea/ ,,india                           
,,vade-,,mecum4                         
,,!                                ,,ea/
 ,,india                                
,,vade-,,mecum2                         
,,or1                                   
,complete ,guide                        
,,to                           ,,g5tlem5
 ,,int5d$ ,,= ,,!                       
,,civil1 ,,milit>y1 ,,or ,,naval        

,,s]vice                                
,,( ,,!                                 
,,hon4 ,,ea/ ,,india ,,company4         
-------                                 
,,by                           ,,capta9 
,,?omas ,,williamson1                   
,au?or ( #8,! ,wild ,sports ( ! ,ea/4'  
,,9 ,,two ,,volumes4                    
,,vol4 ,,ii4                            
------------------------------------    
,,london3                    ,,pr9t$ ,,=
 ,,black1 ,,p>ry1 ,,& ,,k+sbury1        
,booksell]s to ! ,honorable ,ea/ ,india 
,company1                               
#g1                                     
,,lead5hall-,,/reet4                    
---                                     
#ahaj4                                  
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,cont5ts                               
,,(                                     
,,vol4 ,,ii4                            
,,pages        ,great ,heats1 modes (   
refrig]ation1 g5]al plan    #a -    #af 

( build+1 v>i\s k9ds ( lime & cem5t1    
t>ras floors        ,pucka & ,cut*a     
h\ses1 anci5t build+s1       #ag -      
#ec        :ite-ants1 sleep+ 9 ! op5    
air1 floors on        pots1 nor?-we/]s1 
bungal[s & out-(fices1        mats (    
sorts1 satr9jes1 *eeks1 glass w9d[s1    
talc z a sub/itute1 ,*alk-,hills1       
purdahs        ,v>i\s k9ds ( timb]1     
modes ( float+ !m1    #ed -    #hd      
prices1 & uses1 mango-fruit1 &          
plantations        ,bamboos1 mode (     
fitt+-out trad+-boats1         #hd -    
#ajf        toddy-tree1 coir rigg+1     
cocoa-nuts1 oil f        !m1            
meemii-ke-tale1 writ+ on cocoa-tree     
leaves1 hot w9ds        ,/ate ( society 
among ,europeans1 sitt+-up1      #ajg - 
#adi        meals1 w9es1 malt liquors4  
,invalid        ,e/abli%m5t1 levees1    
sug>-c&y1 bread1        camp-ov5s1 milk1
 ghee-butt]1 meats1 buffaloes           
,spirits1 w9es1 fi%1 p\ltry1 table      
app>atus1    #aej -   #aih              
furniture1 *9a-baz>1 ,europe-%ops1 wax &

        c&les1 insects1 snakes ( sorts1 
antidotes to        _! poison1          
musquitoes1 & curta9s to repel          
!m1 cock-roa*es1 scorpions1 c5tip$es1   
wasps1 hornets        ,%ampo+1          
amusem5ts1 !atres1 races1 gam+1    #aih 
-   #bbc        music1 balls1--,*ur*es1 
s*ools1 ,=t-,william1        milit>y    
e/abli%m5ts        ,false ideas (       
,indian prosp]ity1 anecdote1        #bbc
 -   #bfg        depreciation ( specie1 
! bore1 bracki%        wat]s1           
pres]vation ( ra9-wat]4 ,! sev]al       
great riv]s1 physical prop]ties1 fossile
        alkali1 /reams impregnat$ )     
m9]als1        inundations1 ,h9du       
corpses1 plague n kn[n 9        ,india  
,tanks & jeels1 eleemosyn>y alligators1 
#bfh -   #cbe        s]aies1 gunjes1    
durgaws1 ,hill p1 bunds1                
quicks&s1 wells on great roads1         
hot-wells1        sol-lun> influ5ce on  
fev]s1 huckeems1 /ate        ( m$ic9e1  
refrig]at+ pr9ciple1 /ate (             
le>n+1 ,koits1 ,llhs1 ,gooroos1 good    

books        ,po/s1 & conveyance (      
p>cels1 c41 travell+  #cbe -   #cff     
9 a palanqu91 rice1 mode ( expell+      
weevils1        meal f b>ley1 :eat1 c41 
travell+ by        wat]1 ! ,soond]bund  
,passage1 wat] 9 j>s1        fire-wood1 
,new ,h>b\r1 entrances ( ! ,hoogly      
,riv]4 ,op9ions reg>d+ ,g\r1 & ! great  
,delta ( ! ,ganges        ,salt         
manufacture                             
#cff -   #cfh        ,hire ( budjr[s1   
rates & di/ances1             #cfh -    
#dbj        precautions1 contrab& trade1
 trad+ &        baggage-boats1 track+1  
,decoits1 or pirates1        gu>ds      
requisite1 ,coolies1 ,*okeyd>s1 &       
,d[raws1 exp]t ?ieves1 anecdotes1 leg]  
de        ma91 puppet-%[s1 gymna/ic     
feats1 ,nuts1 or        ,indian gypsies1
 curi\s comp>ison ( _!        language  
,slav]y1 h[ f> tol]at$1 ,indian         
#dbj -   #dbi        ,lock-,hospitals1  
summ>y puni%m5t ( adult]y1        curi\s
 incid5t1 danc+-girls        ,elephants1
 _! po9ts1 qualities1 prices1 c41   #dcj

 -   #dfg        camels1 ! appropriate  
soils1 convey+ !m        ov] riv]s1     
bullocks1 ! ,company's                  
regulations1 tattoos1 or indig5\s bre$ (
        horses1 tanians1 tazees1        
s]issahs1 horses        import$ f       
,p]sia1 ! ,punjab1 c41 /ables           
,tann+1 artific]s1 great improvem5ts    
made 9    #dfh -   #dgc        mo/      
pr(essions1 newspap]s1 ,p]sian ,akb>s1  
pap]        ,! ,mocurr]y 7or p]petual7  
,sy/em ( ,rev5ue4    #dgd -   #dig      
,! p]iods = collection1 /ations (       
collectors1 judges1 comm]cial resid5ts1 
cu/om        ma/]s1 & diplomatic *>act]s
        ,security af=d$ to private      
prop]ty1 inl&      #dih -   #ejf        
trad]s1 ag5cy-h\ses1 rates ( commission 
&        remittance1 trade & situation (
 ,calcutta4        ,conclusion          
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,!                                     
,,ea/ ,,india                           
,,vade-,,mecum4      ,= "s mon?s1       

g5]ally dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! ra9s1 !     
wea!r is s close & sultry1 t univ]sal   
exudation takes place1  ev5 :ile sitt+  
quiet4 ,! natives1 z ,i rem>k$ 9 !      
outset (  ?is subject1 h1 f exp]i5ce1   
adopt$ a v diff]5t mode f  t we %\ld h  
expect$ to f9d 9 use1 "u su* a latitude4
 ,we  %\ld1 no d\bt1 h be5 prep>$ to see
 airy habitations1 ?r\gh  :i* ! w9d c\ld
 pass freely 9 e direction4 ,b x is f>  
o!rwise2 & ,europeans h1 at l5g?1 become
 conv9c$1 t !  mo/ insupportable heats  
are d]iv$ f ! gl>e ( light objects2  or1
 9 o!r words1 f ! reflection ( surfaces 
int5sely act$ ^u  by a v]tical sun4     
,"s conception may be =m$ ( t int5sity1 
f ! fact ( meat  hav+ be5 broil$ on !   
cannon m\nt$ ^u ! ramp>ts (             
,=t-,william6 ,we1 !re=e1 mu/ co9cide ) 
! habits ( !  natives1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1
 if we mean to reta9 heal?1 or to       
acquire  com=t4 ,su*1 inde$1 %\ld1 9 e  
c\ntry1 be held 9 view3 =1  h[ev] absurd
 _m practices may at fir/ appe>1 x w    
ord9>ily  result t necessity 0 _! p>5t4 

,i d n mean to say t we  %\ld imitate1  
mu* less adopt1 )\t discrim9ation1 all  
we see2 b  x may be consid]$ an axiom1  
t1 by tak+ ! g5]al outl9e (  indig5\s   
cu/oms = our guide1 if we err1 x w be on
 ! safe  side4 ,no?+ c be m prepo/]\s   
?an ! significant sne]s (  g5tlem5 on _!
 fir/ arrival 9 ,india2 mean+1 !reby1 to
  ridicule1 or to despise1 :at !y       
consid] effem9acy1 or luxury4 ,?us1     
sev]al may be se5 annually walk+ ab\t   
)\t *attahs1 7i4e4  umbrellas17 dur+ !  
greate/ heats2 !y affect to be a%am$ (  
requir+ aid1 & endeavor to uphold1 by   
su* a display (  indiff]5ce1 ! great    
reliance plac$ on /r5g? ( con/itution4  
,?is unhappy infatuation r>ely exce$s a 
few days2 at ! end ( t  "t1 sometimes   
only ( a week1 7nay1 ,i h kn[n ! p]iod  
to be mu*  %ort]17 we too (t5 are call$ 
^u to att5d ! fun]al ( !  self-delud$   
victim6 ,! fir/ attack is g5]ally       
ann\nc$ by cold  %iv]+s1 & bili\s       
vomit+2 delirium spe$ily ensues1 :5     
putrefaction advances ) su* ha/y /rides1

 z (t5 to r5d]  int]m5t necess>y s soon 
z c possibly be effect$4    ,! gl>e is  
c]ta9ly f> m di/ress+ ?an exposure to ! 
sun1 at  "s seasons3 b no?+ c equal !   
effects ( bo? gl>e &  sun-%9e1 act+ ^u !
 human frame1 dur+ a ,midsumm]'s day2   
:51  p]haps1 n a brea? ( air is mov+1 :5
 e leaf seems to repose1  & e bird1 sav+
 ! vulture1 ! adjutant1 7or argeelah17 &
 !  kite1 retires to "s %ady spot1 to   
avoid ! sol> ray4 ,at su* times1  !     
peaceful ,h9du conf9es himself to an    
ap>tm5t1 f :i* light is  g5]ally        
exclud$3 !re he sits among 8 family1    
enjoy+ 8 pipe1  refre%+ himself         
occasionally by ba?+1 dr9k+ ! pure      
bev]age  af=d$ by "s adjac5t spr+ or    
well2 &1 9 g5]al1 avoid+ to  eat1 except
 ( ripe fruits1 especially ! turbooz1 or
 wat]-melon1  until ! cool ( ! ev5+4 ,9 
! mean:ile1 h[ev]1 he p]spires          
copi\sly1 ev5 ?\gh 9 a /ate (           
inactivity1 unless :5 refre%$  by a     
punkah1 or fan1 mov$ ei!r by 8 own h&1  
or by t ( "s  m5ial4    ,! in/9ct ( !   

birds above nam$1 to wit1 ! argeelah1 ! 
vulture1 & ! kite1 all ( :i* are        
extremely num]\s ?r\gh\t  ,india1 &     
contribute greatly to ! salubrity ( !   
air1 by c>ry+  (f a/oni%+ quantities (  
putrefactive (fal1 c41 is wond]ful6     
,ab\t mid-day1 :5 ! sun's beams /rike ) 
incr$ible =ce ^u  ! e>?'s surface1 ^!   
fea!r$ scav5g]s asc5d1 p]haps to !      
height ( sev5 or eight hundr$ y>ds1 s t 
! l>ge/ ( !m1  7! argeelah7 is sc>cely  
disc]nible3 !re !y so> beyond ! rea*  ( 
reflection f ! heat$ soil1 enjoy+ !     
fre%ness ( a cool]  atmosph]e1 & desc5d+
 only :5 allur$ by ! sc5t ( prey4 ,_!   
s5se ( smell+ mu/1 inde$1 be acute2 = we
 see !m1 especially  ! vultures1 fly+ = 
miles1 & f all qu>t]s1 t[>ds "s  c>case1
 usually t ( a ,h9du1 float+ d[n !      
/ream1 or /r&$  ^u "s %elv+ bank2 b s   
situat$ z to r5d] x p]fectly  c]ta9 t ! 
visual faculties c\ld h no conc]n 9 !   
discov]y4    ,few ( ! natives h tatties 
appli$ to _! doors1 or w9d[s2  ?\gh by  
no means ins5sible to ! gratification !y

 af=d2 b  p5ury1 or1 to say ! lea/1     
close & p>simoni\s economy1 prompt to  !
 d5ial ( su* a com=t2 a com=t )\t :i*   
any con/itution1  n inur$ to ! climate1 
w\ld spe$ily give way4 ,x is really     
curi\s  to obs]ve :at may be effect$ by 
habit6 ,:5 we und]/& h[ fatally  ! sun's
 rays act ^u our ,european frames1 ev5  
:ile "u ! %ade  ( a ?ick pa9t$ umbrella1
 & al?\gh our diet may be ne>ly simil>  
to t ( ! mo/ ab/emi\s ,h9du1 x c]ta9ly  
mu/ appe>  wond]ful1 t *ildr51 ( :atev] 
age1 ^: rapid circulation1 &  sable     
color1 %\ld1 accord+ to ! e/imates we =m
 ( temp]am5t1  be highly unfavorable to 
su* exposure1 run ab\t at all seasons1  
b>e-head$1 & p]fectly nude2 seem+ to set
 ! sun1 ! w9d1 &  ! ra91 alike at       
defiance4 ,we see ! same individuals    
mak+ long  j\rnies1 9 ! mo/ torrid      
seasons1 "u ne>ly simil>  circum/ances2 
nay1 !y ev5 c>ry bangies1 conta9+1 on an
  av]age1 full a maund1 7#hblb4         
avoirdupoise17 sixte51 eighte51 tw5ty   
miles1 or ev5 m1 "u su* an oppressive   

heat z w\ld kill an  ,european outright2
 & ?is1 too1 = a few p5ce4 ,if1 9       
consid]+  ?is po9t1 we urge ! b5efits ( 
extreme temp]ance1 we urge t  :i* (t5   
does n exi/2 s9ce _m1 :o practise !     
above1 may be  rank$ among ! mo/ ardu\s 
vot>ies ( ,bac*us1 dev\r+ fi%1  fle%1 & 
f[l1 highly spic$1 :5ev] _! purses1 or !
 b\nty (  o!rs1 may af=d !m s welcome a 
regale4 ,:5 we see ! sev]al  %op-keep]s1
 9 e city & t[n1 s]v+ _! cu/om]s1 or1 9 
_! abs5ce1 smok+ l ,vesuvius1 9 _!      
little b\tiques1  expos$ to ! gl>e1 & to
 ! burn+ w9ds2 :5 we see ^!  p]sons1 )  
p>*$ sk9s1 & _! eyes viol5tly irritat$1 
&  clogg$1 by ! cl\ds ( du/ :i* range   
along ! /reets1 & :i*1  occasionally    
tak+ a :irl1 ne>ly suffocate all )9 _!  
rea*2 we  may !n fairly admire ! =ce (  
habit1 & congratulate ourselves on  !   
bless+s ( a m temp]ate climate6    ,9 ! 
same situations1 we see two classes (   
p]sons1 bo? natives (  ! soil1 act+ 9   
diametric opposition to ea* o!r2 &      
exhibit+  t p[]ful resi/ance capable (  

be+ made by long resid5ce1 or  r by     
aborig9al habitude1 aga9/ t :i* nev]    
fails to consign  our c\ntrym5 to !     
grave4 ,! =m] class conf9e !mselves1 z  
mu* z _! avocations may p]mit1 )9       
gloomy1 b cool1 *amb]s2  liv+ mo/       
ab/emi\sly1 yet1 at c]ta9 times1 expos+ 
!mselves 9  ! mo/ unequivocal mann] to !
 sev]e/ heats3 ! o!r1 p]fectly          
inatt5tive to ! dictates ( prud5ce1 yet 
p]=m+ :at we may  fairly t]m wond]s1 9  
opposition to _! de/ructive locality4   
,:5  ! ,engli% fir/ visit$ ,india1 !y   
adopt$ a mode ( build+ by no  means     
consi/5t ) common s5se1 & display+ a    
total ignorance (  ! mo/ simple (       
nature's laws4 ,we accord+ly f9d1 t all 
! old  build+s1 su* z may lay claim to a
 duration ( f =ty to sixty  ye>s1 71 l !
 celebrat$ ,black-,hole1 con/ruct$ m l  
ov5s1 ?an l ! habitations ( enlight5$   
be+s4 ,! doors 7  v small1 ! w9d[s /ill 
less1 9 proportion1 :ile ! ro(s 7  c>ri$
 up _m feet above bo?4 ,^? ro(s 7 9     
!mselves  calculat$ to reta9 heat to an 

extreme1 be+ built ( solid t>ras1 at    
lea/ a foot ?ick1 ly+ horizontally ^u   
imm5se timb]s1 *iefly (  teak1 or ( saul
 wood4 ,aga91 :5 !y built bungal[s1     
7i4e4  ?at*$ h\ses17 ( "o 7gr\nd7 floor 
only1 ! utmo/ c>e 0 tak5  to close up   
all ! int]vals betwe5 ! ?at*1 & ! walls1
 on  :i* x re/$2 s z to exclude !       
ext]nal air1 z well z ! du/3  a practice
 religi\sly obs]v$ ev5 to ! pres5t date4
 ,! obvi\s  consequ5ce ( ?is latt]      
con/ruction is1 t1 :atev] air is  reta9$
 betwe5 ! ?at*1 7:i*1 9 ! c\rse ( ! day1
 becomes  v1 v w>m17 & ! upp] l9es ( !  
w9d[s mu/ be highly  r>efi$4    ,?us1 we
 inv>iably obs]ve1 t1 t[>ds sun-set1 :5 
! inhabitants  quit ! inn] hall1 c41    
ei!r to sit out on *abootahs1 7i4e4     
l>ge t]races17 rais$ p]haps a foot or   
two f ! level ( !  area1 & abundantly   
wat]$ = ! occasion2 or :5 !y remove to  
! w9dw>d v]&a 7or balcony72 on ei!r ( ^!
 occasions1 !  int]ior becomes          
intol]ably hot1 on acc\nt ( ! r>efi$ air
 be+  drawn d[n by t curr5t inevitably  

att5dant ^u ! removal ( all  ! tatties2 
&1 by ! ?r[+ op5 ( all ! doors & w9d[s4 
,9 a prec$+ page1 ,i h %ewn1 t ! ,fr5*  
g5]ally act$ ^u  m philosophical        
pr9ciples2 !y mak+ _! doors & w9d[s     
rem>kably high3 b1 !re yet rema9s a v   
important improvem5t to  be made2       
namely1 ! introduction ( t9 v5tilators1 
to be ins]t$  ne> ! summits ( ! ?at*es4 
,x is a fact1 t1 dur+ _m mon?s  9 ! ye>1
 ! h\ses built by mo/ ,europeans1 &     
especially _!  bungal[s1 are s extremely
 heat$1 z to r5d] x absolutely          
impossible to sleep 9 _! int]ior1 )\t ! 
int]v5tion ( "s  artificial means =     
keep+ ! air ar\nd ! b$ at a prop]       
temp]ature4    ,h[ev] faulty ! fir/     
,european build]s 9 ,india might h be51 
!  mod]ns h by no means made su*        
improvem5ts z we %\ld suppose  exp]i5ce 
w\ld h l$ !m to adopt4 ,:e!r f economy1 
or f  m att5tion to ext]ior1 ?an to     
com=t1 sc>ce a h\se is n[ built  ) su*  
spaci\s1 l(ty1 & sub/antial v]&as1 z are
 to be se5  on ! s\? side ( almo/ e old 

mansion4 ,"s ( ^! antiquat$  edifices _h
 v]&as on sev]al sides1 & a few might be
 quot$  hav+ !m all ar\nd2 z se5 9 !    
(fic]s' qu>t]s at ,b]hampore1  &        
,d9apore4 ,x c sc>cely be d\bt$1 t su*  
v]&as are1 9  e respect1 admirably suit$
 to ! climate2 s9ce !y prev5t !  sun f  
/rik+ on ! ma9 wall2 :i*1 9 expos$      
situations1 h  be5 kn[n to give f #h to 
#aj diff]5ce on ! !rmomet]2 "u          
circum/ances 9 e o!r respect simil>4    
,x is peculi>1 t1 until )9 ! la/        
tw5ty-five ye>s1 !  gr\nd floors1 t is1 
! :ole ( ! basem5ts1 ( ^? f9e l>ge      
h\ses to be se5 9 all qu>t]s (          
,calcutta1 & 9 v>i\s p>ts (  ! int]ior1 
7 consign$ to ! reception ( palanqu9s1  
gigs1  wat]-/ores1 or to be w9e-god[ns1 
7or cell>s17 butl]-connahs1  7or        
pantries17 & ev51 9 "s in/ances1 /ables6
 ,9 ^? days1 !  :ole ( ! family resid$  
91 & conf9$ !mselves to1 ! fir/  floor2 
:i* 0 !n ! summit ( ! habitation3 leav+ 
to _!  luggage1 cattle1 & m5ials1 t "p  
:i* has lately be5 discov]$  to be1 9 e 

respect1 mo/ suitable to ! accommodation
 ( !  ,european population4 ,9 h\ses (  
ag5cy1 c41 we n[ see ! basem5t  conv]t$ 
p>tly into (fices1 & b r>ely any portion
 ( x  appropriat$ z above describ$2     
:ile1 ! g5]ality ( new h\ses are  built 
^u a scale su* z favors ?is salut>y     
*ange1 by giv+  suffici5t height to !   
l[] ap>tm5ts2 !reby adapt+ !m to  e     
purpose1 & occasion+ a consid]able      
r$uction ( ! gr\nd  plan1 9 consequ5ce (
 ! accommodations ?us ga9$4    ,!       
practice ( build+ h\ses )\t v]&as1      
c]ta9ly _c be  approv$2 :]eas1 ! old    
mode ( build+ !m on pill>s1 0 highly    
ornam5tal1 &1 at "s seasons1 n less     
appropriate3 b1 ! great  art ( keep+ a  
h\se cool dur+ ! preval5ce ( ! hot-w9ds1
  re/s entirely on %utt+ !m out1 except 
at "s few ap]tures  suppli$ ) tatties2  
:i*1 be+ kept con/antly moi/1 or1 inde$1
  dripp+ wet1 produce su* an imm5se     
evaporation1 z to cool !  int]ior       
completely3 ( c\rse1 a suitable draught 
mu/ be pres]v$1 by  op5+ "s w9d[1 c4 on 

! lee-side4 ,?is is commonly effect$ by 
means ( ,v5etians2 :i* all[ ! air to    
pass1 b deb> ! access (  gl>e4 ,)\t     
adv]t+ to ! exp5ce1 x %\ld seem t a     
close-v]&a is by f> pref]able to an op5 
"o2 &1 7 x n  = ! imm5se additional     
*>ges1 we c h>dly d\bt t !  ,european   
inhabitants ( ,calcutta w\ld1 9         
imitation ( ! g5]ality  (               
bungal[-resid5ts1 h _! ap>tm5ts surr\nd$
 by a  v]&a1 ( full f\rte5 feet 9 wid?2 
) ap]tures1 ( a good  size1 9 ! ext]ior 
wall1 correspond+ ) ^? ( ! int]ior4     
,?is arrangem5t r5d]s ! g5]ality (      
bungal[s rem>kably  pleasant2 b1 x mu/  
be notic$1 t !re is a v wide diff]5ce  9
 ! exp5ce incurr$ 9 r5d]+ !m s3 _! ro(s 
be+ (  ?at*1 & _! walls ( sun-burnt     
bricks1 pla/]$ ) mud &  *aff1 (f] a     
great contra/ 9 ! out-lay1 bo? z relat+ 
to !  labor1 & to ! mat]ials1 9 a h\se  
con/ruct$ ( burnt bricks1 &  good lime1 
^: ro( is ( masonry1 & 9 :i* timb]s (   
great price  are e :]e us$4 ,accord+ly1 
we f9d1 t1 9 almo/ e "p  ( ,india1 an   

excell5t bungal[ may be built = ab\t    
five ?\s&  rupees1 completely fitt$ )   
glass doors1 & w9d[s1 & ) all  !        
necess>y out-(fices duly til$1 or ?at*$1
 accord+ to _!  purposes2 :ile1 a h\se  
suit$ to ! accommodation ( ! same       
family1  9 ,calcutta1 c\ld n be f9i%$ = 
less ?an t5 times t sum4    ,! bricks =m
 a v1 v small portion ( ! disbursem5ts  
incid5t  to build+ 9 ,india3 s *eap1    
inde$1 are !y1 t mo/ ( !  made-roads    
ab\t ,calcutta1 & 9 o!r p>ts1 are =m$ by
 lay+  brok51 or ev5 :ole1 bricks       
regul>ly2 giv+ ! c5tre two or ?ree      
lay]s1 gradually tap]$ (f to ! sides1 & 
!n cov]+ !m )  a coat ( rubbi%1 or1 :i* 
is f> bett]1 co>se s&4 ,su* roads are   
extremely firm1 & f> m durable1 ?an ^?  
we make ) gravel1  fl9t1 lime-/one1 c4  
,b great all[ance mu/ be made = ! heavy 
ma*9es us$ among u1 & c>ry+ su* trem5d\s
 bur!ns2 :]eas1  an ,indian hack]y c    
r>ely weigh five cwt41 nor c its load be
  av]ag$ at m ?an fifte5 cwt41 be+      
altoge!r only a ton4 ,we well  "k1 t our

 common n>r[-:eel$ waggons weigh f      
fifte5 to  tw5ty-five cwt42 &1 t1 except
 :]e weigh-bridges limit _!  bur!ns1 x  
is by no means uncommon to see !m c>ry+ 
f two & a  half1 up to f\r1 tons4 ,?ree 
*aldron ( coals w be f\nd to av]age     
ab\t sev5ty cwt42 yet1 are (t5 drawn by 
?ree horses ?r\gh !  /reets ( ,london4  
,! lime us$ 9 ,calcutta1 is br\ght d[n f
 ! ,morungs1 & _!  vic9ity1 9 l>ge      
boats1 be+ previ\sly slak$2 ?\gh x is   
sometimes import$ 9 its quick /ate1 or z
 ne>ly s z accid5t may  p]mit4 ,x may   
readily be conclud$1 t1 aft] a passage (
 f ?ree  to f\r hundr$ miles1 ?is       
article is r det]iorat$2 especially  z !
 voyage c r>ely be effect$ "u ?ree weeks
 or a mon?4 ,!  prices ( ?is k9d ( lime1
 made f a v firm /one1 call$  gutty1    
abundant 9 "s p>ts1 v>y mu* accord+ to !
 season1 &  to ! dem&3 x has be5 sold z 
l[ z six or sev5 rupees p]  hundr$      
maunds1 b1 at o!r times1 has rea*$ to   
tw5ty &  tw5ty-five4    ,at ,madras1 &  
inde$ all along ! coa/ ( ,corom&el1 z   

well z on  "s p>ts ( ! ,malab> bord]1 an
 excell5t k9d ( lime is made f  sea     
%ells4 ,?is ne>ly equals :at is made 9  
,italy1 f ! refuse (  m>ble1 & receives 
an extraord9>y f9e surface1 competit+   
ev5  ) t ( poli%$ glass2 at ! same "t t 
x is incomp>ably  firm1 & durable4 ,:5  
laid ^u a wall1 :i* is done only by way 
( a  f9i%1 x is c>efully fre$ f grit1 & 
kept work+1 & rubb+1  until ne>ly dry2  
!reby to prev5t ! surface f crack+1 z x 
w\ld be subject to d1 :5 act$ ^u by !   
hot air at mid-day3 :5  ne>ly dry1 x is 
rubb$ ) co>se calico clo?s1 until x     
receives a  beautiful lu/re1 :i* causes 
x to appe> semi-diaphan\s4 ,a few  h\ses
 at ,calcutta h be5 f9i%$ ) ?is k9d (   
lime1 convey$  f ,madras by %ipp+2 b !  
exp5ce1 be+ v consid]able1 has          
occasion$ ! common ,morung lime to be   
g5]ally employ$1 bo? =  cem5t1 & =      
:ite-wa%+4    ,9 ! ord9>y build+s       
con/ruct$ 9 ! upp] p>ts ( ! c\ntry1  a  
weak] k9d ( lime is obta9$ by burn+ a   
sub/ance call$  kunkur1 :i*1 at fir/1   

might be mi/ak5 = small rugg$ fl9ts1    
slightly coat$ ) soil4 ,! exp]im5ts made
 ^u ^! alkal9e  concretions1 :i* ab\nd 9
 mo/ p>ts above ,b5gal ,prop]1 &1 9  "s 
places1 prove extremely tr\blesome to ! 
f>m]1 b especially  to ! horticulturi/1 
give ! foll[+ result3 calc>e\s e>?1 #da1
  cilici\s e>?1 #af1 calx ( iron1 #c1 & 
air1 #dj4 ,kunkur is n  easily r$uc$ to 
a calx1 x requir+ a great] heat ?an is  
necess>y  to burn ! h>d] k9ds ( gutty2 x
 is1 likewise1 less durable &  t5aci\s z
 a cem5t2 ( :i* ! color1 viz4 commonly  
:at we call  fawn1 is a /rong           
indication4    ,:e!r f want ( suffici5t 
p[] 9 _! kilns1 or t !  kunkur is s     
peculi>ly h>d1 we commonly f9d t1 on    
slak+1 a  l>ge portion ( ! int]ior ( ea*
 lump rema9s unsubdu$4 ,^!  insoluble   
masses are (t5 p\nd$ by means ( a da9ky1
 or  foot-break1 & mix$ ) ! p]fect calx3
 nor is ! lime burn] v  scrupul\s 9     
reg>d to keep+ out ! wood a%es1 c41     
rema9+ at  ! bottom ( ! kiln1 aft] !    
kunkur has be5 tak5 out2 on !  contr>y1 

he w1 if n v n>r[ly wat*$1 mix z mu* z  
he c  ) ! calx2 !reby caus+ ! lime to be
 v consid]ably  det]iorat$4 ,?is k9d (  
lime1 commonly call$ cut*a1 7i4e4       
weak17 sells = ab\t six or sev5 rupees  
p] hundr$ maunds4    ,9 all p>ts (      
,india1 ! lime-burn]s proce$ on ! mo/   
exp5sive  plan2 _! kilns be+ r>ely m ?an
 f\r feet 9 diamet]1 nor  above t mu* 9 
height3 consequ5tly1 !y h n suffici5t   
accumulation1 conc5tration1 or          
rev]b]ation ( heat1 to burn !  /ones    
prop]ly2 nei!r d !y1 9 g5]al1 break !m  
suffici5tly  small1 b bundle !m 91 ) v  
little att5tion to regul>ity or         
economy4 ,x is ! same ) ! brick &       
tile-kilns2 :i* are1 =  ! mo/ "p1 ( a   
pyramidal =m2 ! raw bricks be+ laid     
int]m$iately ) ! fuel1 & ! ext]ior be+  
pla/]$ ov]1  p]haps half a foot 9       
?ickness1 ) mud4 ,! be/ bricks ,i ev]   
saw  9 ,india 7 made by an eng9e] (fic]1
 :o _h "s ext5sive public  works to c>ry
 on4 ,he fir/ built ! :ole ( ! walls ( a
 bungal[  he requir$1 ) sun-burnt       

bricks1 prop]ly cem5t$ ) mud well  fill$
 92 tak+ c>e to ar* ov] ! door & w9d[   
op5+s 9 su*  way1 t ! frames c\ld be    
aft]w>ds introduc$4 ,! :ole int]ior  0  
!n laid ) bricks & fuel1 :ile ! ext]ior 
( ! v]&a  walls 7 also clos$ 9 )        
suffici5t to heat !m ?or\ghly2 & a      
complete coat+ 0 giv51 9 ! ord9>y way4  
,! bricks bak$  uncommonly well1 :ile ! 
walls became a solid mass1 capable (    
resi/+ all ! elem5ts1 %\ld !y unite =   
its de/ruction4 ,!  bungal[ prov$       
rem>kably dry1 & ! pla/] 0 f\nd to adh]e
 9  a surpriz+ mann]1 :ile rats1 snakes1
 c41 7 all set at defiance2  x be+      
impossible = !m to burr[ 9 s h>d a      
sub/ance3 !  great] "p ( ! cem5t1 :i*   
happ5$ to conta9 cilici\s  p>ticles1 0  
ne>ly vitrifi$4    ,?irty ye>s ago1 !   
g5]ality ( h\ses 7 coat$ ) ! same  k9d (
 t>ras z is employ$ = lay+ ! floors1 & !
 ro(s3 ?is  0 made ( *unam1 7i4e4       
:ite-lime17 "o ?ird2 soorky1 7i4e4      
brick-du/17 "o ?ird2 & s&1 "o ?ird2 ^!1 
be+ mix$ duly  ) a l>ge portion ( cut   

hemp1 7wool be+ v sc>ce1 & %ort  hair n 
to be procur$ on any t]ms17 toge!r ) "s 
jagg]y1 or  refuse molasses1 made a     
tol]ably /rong cem5t4 ,! surface1 aft] a
  h\se _h be5 duly pla/]$1 0 wa%$1 :ile 
yet moi/1 ) a  /rong solution ( lime 9  
wat]4 ,?is w\ld h be5 en\gh to bl9d  e  
man1 woman1 or *ild1 9 ! place1 _h x n  
be5 p>tially  rem$i$1 by ! admixture (  
"s color+ matt] ) ! f9i%+  wa%3 b1 :e!r 
r$1 yell[1 or blue1 :i* 7 ! prevail+    
colors1 x 0 f\nd t ! alkali g5]ally     
de/roy$ _!  appe>ance1 & left a motley  
k9d ( "w4    ,! good ta/e ( a few       
individuals1 *iefly g5tlem5 9 ! corps ( 
eng9e]s1 gradually ov]came ?is vile     
imitation ( ,dut* &  ,portugueze f9]y1  
!y sub/itut+1 9 _! public works1 a pla/]
  compos$ ( riv] s&1 saturat$ ) a       
solution ( :ite lime1 ( !  consi/5cy (  
cream4 ,! addition ( ! usual all[ance ( 
cut hemp1  gave ?is simple comp\nd1 7if 
,i may s bl5d ! t]ms17 n only mu*       
additional durability1 b a rem>kably    
neat appe>ance2 especially :5  ! body ( 

! build+ 0 ( t f9e grey1 ?us obta9$1 & !
  cornices1 c4 7 f9i%$ ( a pure :ite4   
,h\ses ?us ext]iorly  f9i%$ became yet  
fur!r neat1 by ! contra/ ( _! ,v5etian  
w9d[s1 inv>iably pa9t$ gre53 "s pref]   
all v]digris2 o!rs1 a  deep cle> gre5 = 
! frame-"w1 ) v]digris = ! sev]al       
leaves1 or valves4    ,almo/ e h\se has 
fold+ ,v5etians to ea* w9d[1 or outw>d  
door2 ^! are su/a9$ by v /rong h+es1 :i*
 all[ ea* fold1  or %utt]1 to op5       
outw>ds1 & to lie back flat ^u ! ext]ior
  wall3 9 t position ! ,v5etians are    
kept f bl[+ ab\t1 by  means ( hooks2 9 !
 same mann] z we see practis$ 9 ,engl&1 
:]e  ?is k9d ( %utt] is 9 use4          
,sa%-w9d[s are nev] made ^u !  ,european
 con/ruction1 b move inv>iably 9 two    
folds1 "o to !  "r1 ! o!r to ! left2 ea*
 op5+ inw>dly1 & ly+ )9  ! ?ickness ( ! 
wall1 or ne>ly s4    ,9 no "p ( ! _w is 
m att5tion paid to ! f\ndation ( a  h\se
 ?an 9 ,india2 & t n )\t necessity1 !   
ra9s be+ s  v heavy z to sap all weak   
build+s expos$ to _! action1 ei!r       

above1 bel[1 or lat]ally4 ,:5 h\ses are 
built ) :at is t]m$  cut*a1 t is1 )     
sun-dri$ bricks cem5t$ ) mud1 & ei!r    
pla/]$ ) ! same1 or ) mort>1 ! lea/     
crack 9 ! ro(1 or  ! smalle/ holl[ ne> !
 f\ndation1 w teem ) dang]4 ,! ra9  :i*1
 (t5 = a :ole day1 desc5ds 9 /reams1    
soon gets into !  walls1 :]e x does     
incalculable mis*ief3 _m ( ^! h\ses1 ^: 
sub/ance & g5]al appe>ance %\ld indicate
 a bett] fate1 may  annually be se5 9   
ru9s aft] a cont9u$ fall ( heavy1 or (  
drizzl+1 b oblique1 ra93 ! latt] is     
peculi>ly unfavorable to  su* build+s z 
are insecurely coat$2 x drifts 9 "u !   
pla/]1  damps ! mud cem5t1 & br+s d[n ! 
heavy ro(s ) a mo/  sonor\s cra%4 ,few (
 ^! cut*a h\ses are n[ to be se5 )      
t>ras ro(s2 su* z are s built = ! sake (
 *eapness1 be+1  almo/ )\t exception1   
int5d$ = ?at*es1 & ?us becom+ :at  we   
t]m bungal[s4 ,! natives build sometimes
 on t k9d ( half  & half plan1 :i*      
commonly1 9 ! end1 *eats ! contriv]4    
,?us1 ,i  h se5 "s1 ( a small           

description1 built ) cut*a 7or          
sun-dri$7 bricks = ! int]ior1 :ile !    
ext]ior ( ! wall 0  made ( pucka 7or    
burnt7 bricks2 f ^: int]/ices ! mort> 0 
c>efully pick$ out1 z ?\gh ab\t to be   
po9t$2 = ! purpose (  caus+ ! ext]ior   
pla/]+ to get into ! jo9ts1 & ?us to    
reta9 its position firmly4 ,admitt+1 &  
ev5 admir+1 ! +5uity  ( su* a sy/em1 :5 
prop]ly conduct$1 ,i lam5t1 t1 9 almo/  
e case :i* came )9 my k1 ! :ole sy/em 0 
disgrac$1 by ! h\se ei!r fall+ 9 toto1  
or by %$d+ its  coat ( mail4    ,!re    
c]ta9ly did =m]ly exi/ "s mode ( mix+ ! 
+r$i5ts1  or "s p>ticul> recipe giv+    
bett] proportions1 or bett]  mat]ials1  
:i*1 aft] a "t1 =m$ a v capital cem5t3 (
 ?is1  _m v well kn[n edifices furni%   
ample pro(4 ,! old =t1 situate  )9 ! t[n
 ( ,calcutta1 may be an apt quotation4  
,! impressions  made by %ots1 ( #bd &   
#cblb4 fir$ by ,admiral ,watson aga9/   
its  we/]n face1 :5 8 fleet lay )9 ?ree 
hundr$ y>ds ( x1 9  ! ye> #agee1 7      
absolutely insignificant2 ! brave       

admiral might  h batt]$ = a c5tury1 )\t 
br++ d[n ! wall4 ,9 ! ye>  #aggi1 :5 !  
,company's clo? god[n took fire1 ! ?ird 
regim5t (  ,european infantry1 !n 9     
g>rison at ,=t-,william1 m>*$ out )     
eng9es1 c4 to aid t[>ds its ext9ction2  
yet 7 !y utt]ly unable  to get ! iron   
b>s loose f ! masonry2 ?\gh provid$ )   
tackles1 cr[s1 axes1 c4 ,?is god[n1 :i* 
occupi$ a l>ge "p (  ! nor!rly face ( ! 
old =t1 0 aft]w>ds conv]t$ into  (fices2
 b ) incr$ible labor6 ,! masonry 0 z h>d
 z rock6  ,:5 ?is occurr5ce took place1 
! old =t _h be5 built ab\t =ty  ye>s2   
:]eas1 we f9d t all ! ,company's1 or any
 o!r1 build+s  :i* n[ claim t age1 are (
 a v diff]5t complexion6 ,!  great] "p (
 !m1 ?\gh n 9 a /ate ( absolute ru91 are
 kept  up at an inord9ate exp5ce2 :ile  
su* ( !m z h giv5 up !  gho/1 display a 
crude mass ( loose1 friable1 & m\ld]+   
rubbi%4    ,nor are ! anci5t t]races    
less obdurate ?an ! old walls3 _m (  ^! 
may be se5 among ! ru9s ( cities1 &     
t[ns1 ( :i* we h  sc>cely any in=mation1

 absolutely reta9+ _! places1 al?\gh  ! 
beams on :i* !y =m]ly re/$ h be51 ,god  
only kn[s h[  _m ye>s1 remov$4 ,if ^!   
ro(s _h possess$ any convexity1 or be5  
con/ruct$ accord+ to ! ,syrian pr9ciple1
 we %\ld h _h less  cause to admire _!  
solidity1 & t\ghness2 b1 su* has nev]   
be5  ! case ) any ,i h se52 & :i*1 ?\gh 
c]ta9ly ( no  consid]able dim5sions1    
appe>$ firm en\gh to su/a9 cannon (     
small  calibre4 ,i h (t5 be5 "o ( a p>ty
 to walk on su*4 ,x may1  p]haps1 be 9  
place "h to describe ! mann] 9 :i* ro(s 
are  con/ruct$ 9 ,india3 ,i mean su* z  
are n[ "u consid]ation4 ,!  beams are   
r>ely m ?an two feet ap>t2 &1 speak+    
g5]ally1 may  h a scantl+ ( t5 or elev5 
in*es dep?1 by five1 or six1 9  wid?2   
sometimes1 ?\gh b r>ely1 & !n only :5 "u
 ! eye (  sci5ce1 camb]$ to ! ext5t (   
?ree or f\r in*es2 accord+ to  ! l5g? ( 
! timb]4 ,^! joi/s are laid ^u ! b>e    
wall1  hav+ _! ends previ\sly well *>r$2
 &1 9 "s cases1 sme>$  ) petroleum2     
call$ by ! natives1 #8e>?-oil4' ,?is is 

done to  det] ! :ite-ants f mak+ an     
attack ^u ! wood2 :i*1 9  "t1 !y w\ld   
c]ta9ly d1 b = ! above precaution4 ,!   
ends (  ! timb]s are cas$ 9 ) masonry1 s
 z to leave ab\t f\r in*es  all ! way   
r\nd1 & at _! bases3 9 ord] t ! timb]   
may be  remov$1 9 case ( decay1 )\t     
damag+ ! wall2 ! int]val is1  h[ev]1    
fill$ up aft]w>ds ) cut*a "w2 :i*1 n be+
  liable to adh]e firmly to ! pucka     
wall1 may be easily remov$ :5  ! joi/ is
 to be *ang$4 ,:5 pla/]$ ov]1 ! :ole    
appe>s  uni=m4    ,9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1
 b especially 9 ! upp] prov9ces1 !      
natives cov] 9 _! h\ses ) flat ro(s1    
made ( clay1 beat v  firm1 & ab\t a foot
 9 ?ickness4 ,?is mode ( con/ruction    
requires  "s c>e1 b is f\nd to be       
extremely effici5t4 ,! walls ought to be
  sub/antial1 z %\ld also ! joi/s2 & !  
surface ( ! clay  %\ld be r convex1 s z 
to direct ! wat] fall+ on x into  prop] 
gutt]s1 or dra9s1 & to prev5t ! build+ f
 be+  damp$4    ,)\t ?is precaution1 !  
heavy falls ( ra91 :i* may be  con/antly

 expect$ dur+ ?ree mon?s 9 ! ye>1 w\ld  
spe$ily  dissolve su* t5em5ts1 ) ne>ly z
 mu* facility z ?\gh !y  7 made (       
lump-sug>4 ,b :5 due c>e is tak51 bo? to
 prev5t1  & to /op1 leaks1 clay ro(s are
 r eligible1 ?an objectionable2         
especially 9 ! vic9ity ( baz>s1 7or     
m>kets17 & l9es1 9  :i* fires are       
frequ5t4 ,_m g5tlem5 h adopt$ ! plan1 "s
  :olly1 o!rs p>tially1 9 _! bungal[s1 &
 f9d little or no  cause to regret _!   
hav+ done s4    ,x is1 h[ev]1 exp$i5t to
 s5d up a man n[ & !n1 to lute any      
cracks t may appe> 9 consequ5ce (       
excessive heats2 b1 aft] a  season or   
two1 ! clay becomes extremely firm1     
ne>ly equal to  mort>-t>ras1 resi/+ !   
v>i\s *anges ( temp]ature1 &  appe>+ to 
be consolidat$ into a v firm mass4 ,!   
greate/  inconv5i5ce x produces1 is !   
h>bor af=d$ to t inconceivably  obnoxi\s
 insect1 ! :ite-ant4    ,?is little     
depr$ator r>ely fails to take advantage 
( :atev]  opportunity is (f]$ = !       
exhibition ( its p[]s4 ,assembl+ by  !  

t5 ?\s&1 9 a few h\rs !y w eat out !    
bottom ( a deal  box1 p]haps an in* 9   
?ickness1 or r5d] x a m]e honeycomb4 ,( 
fir1 !y are rem>kably fond1 z also (    
mango-wood4    ,x seems r peculi> t !y  
%\ld be s p>tial to woods  ab\nd+ s     
highly1 z ^! bo? d1 9 turp5t9e2 :ile !  
pres5ce  ( a few drops ( petroleum1 :i* 
is import$ f ,pegu1 ,ava1 & !  ,arvean  
coa/1 "u ! "n ( mutty ke tale1          
7e>?-oil17 seems to  be a p]fect        
prev5tive4 ,few ?+s come amiss to ^!    
obnoxi\s  visitants1 :i* e :]e ab\nd1 & 
de/roy wood1 lea!r1 cottons1  wooll5s1  
c4 ,nay1 a /ory is curr5t1 t1 "s ye>s   
back1 !y 7  absolutely accus$ ( hav+    
dev\r$ "s ?\s&s ( doll>s6  ,=tunately1  
on deep] rese>*1 x 0 discov]$1 t !y _h  
only  ate away ! bottom ( !             
treasure-*e/2 &1 l mis]s1 _h buri$  !   
h>d ca% "s feet "u gr\nd4    ,z ceil+s  
are n 9 use 9 ,india1 ea* joi/ is neatly
 f9i%$1  hav+ its l[] edges r\nd$ (f ) a
 bead+-plane4 ,at "r angles  ) ! joi/s1 
small] batt5s1 call$ burgahs1 are laid2 

?ree or  f\r in*es wide1 by ab\t two or 
?ree deep1 or vice v]s2 ^! are  nail$   
d[n ^u ! joi/s at su* p>allel di/ances1 
9 g5]al ab\t  sev5 or eight in*es1 z may
 all[ a l>ge k9d ( tile to be laid on   
!m4 ,ov] ! tiles !y lay rubbi%1 r dry1  
ab\t f\r or five  in*es deep1 patt+ x   
d[n g5tly1 by ! cont9ual op]ation ( "s  
doz5s ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 :o1 squatt+1
 l monkies1 on  _! haun*es1 & hav+      
batons ( ab\t a cubit 9 l5g?1 some?+  ( 
a tr[el %ape1 ?\gh n s obtuse1          
cont9ually beat ! mat]ials  until !y    
become p]fectly compact4 ,! bett] me?od1
 :i* is 9 m  g5]al adoption1 is1 in/ead 
( su* rubbi%1 to put on a co>s] k9d  (  
mort>1 well work$ up1 b n v moi/2 :i* is
 beat 9 ! mode  above describ$4 ,aft]   
?is has be5 duly compact$1 b be=e x is  
q dry1 ano!r coat+ ( two or ?ree in*es1 
b ( f9]  mat]ials1 is put on1 & beat 9 l
 mann]2 !n a ?ird1 p]haps  only an in*  
deep1 ( /ill f9] mat]ials2 &1           
ultimately1 ! :ole  is coat$1 = ab\t    
half an in* 9 dep?1 ) ! f9e/ +r$i5ts1   

mix$1 aft] be+ sift$ ?r\gh a co>se clo?1
 ) jaggree1 & by  "s ) peas-meal2 :i* ! 
natives consid] to be peculi>ly         
valuable 9 cem5t4 ,?is la/ coat is laid 
on ) a tr[el1 v firmly  press$1 9 ord]  
to compact x ! m1 & to prev5t crack+2   
:i*  w1 nev]!less1 always take place1 m 
or less1 accord+ z m  or less pressure &
 beat+ h be5 us$2 or1 z ! great body (  
! t>ras may be made ( good or bad       
mat]ials4    ,all ! p>tition-walls1     
divid+ (f ! sev]al ap>tm5ts1 are        
necess>ily ( masonry2 bo? because !     
pressure f above is  enorm\s2 &1 t wood 
_c be tru/$1 :]e ! :ite-ants c\ld       
honeycomb its int]ior1 )\t be+ mu*1 if  
at all1 notic$ on its  surface4 ,^!     
p>tition-walls are c>ri$ up ab\t six    
in*es above !  t>ras ro(2 :]eby ! latt] 
appe>s to be divid$ into *equ]s1        
correspond+ ) ! sev]al ap>tm5ts4 ,small 
*annels are cut1 to  all[ ! wat] to pass
 into ! sp\ts1 or dra9s2 f :i* j>s1 (   
ab\t a hog%ead 9 measurem5t1 are fill$ )
 wat] int5d$ =  table use4 ,"s sp\ts are

 made to ext5d full a y>d f ! wall1  &1 
9 "s in/ances1 h canvas hoses atta*$1 = 
! purpose (  lead+ ! wat] into ! j>s2 b 
! m mod]n practice is to  build pipes ( 
pott]y )9 ! wall1 or to clamp !m to x ) 
iron1 until _! l[] ends1 :i* are crook$ 
= ! purpose1 =m a  prop] deb\*ure4 ,!   
latt] mode1 h[ev]1 9 v heavy ra9s1      
subjects ! walls to be damp$1 9         
consequ5ce ( ! fall ( wat]  be+ great]  
?an ! pipes c in/antly c>ry (f4 ,?is may
 give "s  idea ( ^? deluges :i* at times
 take place1 almo/ in/antane\sly4    ,! 
tops ( h\ses are inv>iably enclos$ )    
brea/-p>apets1 or )  balu/rades2 :i*    
give a v f9i%$ appe>ance to ^! sup]b    
build+s4 ,) ! exception ( ^? ridges =m$ 
by ! cont9uation  ( ! p>tition-walls1 ! 
ro(s af=d a pleasant prom5ade at c]ta9  
seasons3 "s ( !m comm& mo/ int]e/+      
views4 ,dur+ ! v  hot wea!r1 probably f 
! end ( ,april to ! sett+ 9 ( !  ra9s 9 
! fir/ or second week ( ,june1 _m       
g5tlem5 h _!  cots1 7z ! b$1 ) all its  
app>atus1 is usually call$17 c>ri$  to !

 tops ( _! h\ses1 & sleep !re dur+ !    
night4 ,?is may  appe> a v haz>d\s      
proce$+2 b1 :5 x is consid]$1 t no  dew1
 wor?y ( notice1 falls at t season1 &1 t
 ! cots h  g5]ally curta9s1 :i* w\ld    
receive1 & absorb1 :at little might     
fall1 we may1 on ! :ole1 pron\nce x to  
be less dang]\s ?an  %\ld at fir/ be    
suppos$4 ,if1 inde$1 ?is 7 to be done m 
to  ! s\?w>d1 ne> ! m\? ( ! ,hoogly     
riv]1 :]e ! imm5se  m>%es1 ! ouze left  
by ! return+ tides1 & ! jungles1 :i*  e 
:]e ab\nd1 produce ! mo/ delet]i\s      
exhalations1 we %\ld  !n be correct 9   
exclaim+ aga9/ ! practice3 b few1 v few1
  in/ances c\ld be adduc$ ( any s]i\s   
indisposition hav+ att5d$  x2 :ile1 on !
 o!r h&1 x is confess$ by all :o h      
adopt$  x1 t ! greate/ refre%m5t ev]    
result$2 enabl+ !m to rise  e>ly1 dive/$
 ( t mo/ di/ress+ lassitude att5dant ^u 
sleep+ 9 an ap>tm5t absolutely          
communicat+ a febrile s5sation1  &      
peculi>ly oppressive to ! lungs4    ,i  
believe all ^? fatal1 or injuri\s       

effects1 :i* h be5 s  (t5 adduc$1 by way
 ( caution to p]sons impati5t ( heat1 h 
be5  produc$ n by sleep+ 9 an op5       
exposure1 b 9 a curr5t ( air4  ,?is ,i  
_c recomm5d2 on ! contr>y1 ,i mu/       
vehem5tly c5sure su*  a cu/om1 z be+    
highly dang]\s3 ,i c\ld quote sev]al mo/
  melan*oly cases1 aris+ entirely f ?is 
mo/ injudici\s conduct6  ,mr4 ,johnson1 
:o appe>s to h be5 ab\t two ye>s 9      
,india1 dur+  :i* "t he 0 surgeon ( a   
frigate1 has publi%$ a volume1 9 :i*    
!re are occasionally to be f\nd int]e/+ 
details1 & s5sible  obs]vations4 ,i %all
 (f] to my read]s "s rem>ks he has made1
 at  page #bfi1 t be> closely on !      
subject "u discussion4 ,he says2        
#8,europeans1 9 g5]al1 on _! fir/       
arrival 9 ,india1 are  prepossess$ ) !  
idea1 t sleep+ at night 9 ! op5 air mu/ 
be a v dang]\s practice2 b1 9 ! c\rse ( 
a %ort resid5ce on  %ore1 !y get rid (  
?is prejudice1 by obs]v+ mo/ ( !        
natives1  & _m ( ! ,europeans1 sleep+ on
 op5 t]races1 & 9 v]&as1  n only )      

impunity1 b z a pres]vative aga9/ !     
debilitat+  effects ( a hot climate4 ,b 
on bo>d-%ips1 :]e !y h n an  opportunity
 ( see+1 or ( reflect+ on1 ^!           
circum/ances1 !y  frequ5tly adh]e1 = a  
consid]able "t aft] _! arrival on !     
/ation1 to ! e/abli%$ regulations1 (    
mak+ e man sleep 9  8 prop] b]?3 &      
suff]+ none to lie ab\t ^u ! decks2 a   
sy/em1 9 my op9ion1 v prejudicial to !  
heal? ( %ips'  companies 9 ,india4 ,at  
sea1 inde$1 x is n ( s mu* consequ5ce1  
:]e ! wat* on deck always gives         
suffici5t room to ^? bel[2 b  x is 9    
h>b\rs1 & road-/$s1 :]e ! air is mu*    
hott] ?an at  sea1 ! impolicy ( !       
measure becomes manife/4'--,& aga91 page
 #bgj1  #8,we w suppose1 t e man1 :5 he 
turns into 8 hammock1 falls  fa/ asleep 
9 a few m9utes2 :i*1 by ! by1 is n      
always ! case4  ,ab\t elev5 o'clock1    
h[ev]1 ,i w v5ture to say1 he wakes 9 a 
deluge ( p]spiration1 pant+ ) ! heat &  
r>efi$ air2 ^u  :i* he turns out1 & goes
 ^u deck1 = ! purpose1 z he t]ms x1  (  

gett+ a m\?ful ( fre% air2 ana!matiz+1 z
 he asc5ds1 !  inf]nal heat ( ! climate6
 ,"u pret5ce ( go+ to ! head1 he  gets  
^u ! =eca/le2 :5 ! cool breeze f ! %ore 
imm$iately *ills him1 & gives a sudd5   
*eck to 8 p]spiration4'  ,all ?is ,i h  
p]sonally exp]i5c$1 bo? on bo>d-%ip & on
 %ore2  & ,i make no scruple ( say+1 t1 
9 lieu ( be+ injur$ by  sleep+ out on a 
*abootah1 9 a well-cov]$ cot1 my :ole   
frame has  be5 brac$1 my re/ has be5    
s\nd & refre%+1 & ,i h avoid$  all !    
mis]ies insep>ably att5dant ^u seek+    
repose 9 a close1  muggy atmosph]e2 :]e 
?ir/ & irritation create p]petual       
re/lessness1 bani% sleep1 & cause t     
relaxation & debility :i*  r5d] ea*     
subsequ5t day bur!nsome z its prec$+    
night has be5  di/ress+6    ,9 a =m]    
page1 ,i obs]v$1 t bo>d$ floors 7 almo/ 
unkn[n 9  ,india3 v>i\s reasons h1      
d\btless1 comb9$ to explode !m2  fir/ly1
 ! depr$ations ( ! :ite-ant2 secondly1 !
 p]petual  dang] ( _! w>p+2 &1 ?irdly1 !
 difficulty ( r5d]+ !  s\nds ( foot-/eps

 less audible4 ,?is la/ may appe>       
trivial2 b1  :]e s _m m5ials1 c41 are   
ev] mov+ ab\t 9 v>i\s p>ts ( a  h\se1 & 
t1 too1 ) little c]emony1 ?\gh1 x is    
true1 !y are  all b>e-foot$1 x w\ld     
prove extremely inconv5i5t at ^? times  
:5 ! family might retire to re/ dur+ !  
heat ( ! day4 ,ab\t  tw5ty-five or ?irty
 ye>s back1 all ! /airs 7 ( masonry2 b1 
( late ye>s1 wood5 ones h be5 introduc$4
 ,^!1 be+ made to  re/ on /rong beams1  
obvi\s 9 e "p1 save :]e !y ent] !       
walls1 may be consid]$ z tol]ably safe f
 ! :ite-ants2  c]ta9ly !y are mu* neat]1
 & m easily kept 9 ord]4 ,all !  joi/s1 
9 e h\se1 are ei!r pa9t$1 or t>r$2 !    
latt] has a  v unpleasant1 inde$1 a mean
 appe>ance2 & is n (t5 practis$3  = !   
mo/ "p1 :ite1 ) a v slight ca/ ( blue1  
to pres]ve  x f fad+1 is adopt$4    ,"s 
pa9t ! bead$1 or m\ld$1 edges ( ! door  
pannels1 also !  r\nd$ corn]s ( ! joi/s1
 ) "s delicate color2 su* z a v  light  
sky-blue1 a v light v]digris-gre51 or a 
lilac2 &1 by way (  con=mity1 ornam5t ! 

m\ld+s ( ! wall pannels ) simil>  t9ts4 
,9 ! upp] prov9ces1 x is a v preval5t   
fa%ion to color  ! pannels ) "s native  
o*res1 ( beautiful hues1 leav+ !        
m\ld+s1 cornices1 c4 :ite4 ,^! m\ld+s1  
c4 are all done by  means ( tr[els %ap$ 
= ! purpose1 & n by m\lds1 or /amps2  ( 
c\rse1 :at ) want ( device1 & want (    
activity1 su*  ornam5ts may be reckon$  
among t v>iety ( t$i\s labors ( :i*     
,blacky is extremely enam\r$4 ,yet1 9 ! 
execution ( su* matt]s1  he w display   
great +5uity1 consummate pati5ce1 &1    
(t51 great  delicacy3 b1 ) respect to   
design1 ta/e1 composition1 p]spective1  
consi/5cy1 & h>mony2 9 all ^!1 :e!r 9   
draw+1 sculpture1  or 9 any mode (      
repres5tation1 he w prove himself to be 
completely  ignoramus4 ,let ! =m]       
apology be plead$2 namely1 t1 9 e       
bran*1 ! ,indian me*anic is call$ ^u1   
aft]1 p]haps1 only a few  days (        
obs]vation1 or1 at lea/1 ) s little     
practice z w\ld1  among u1 be consid]$ r
 an objection ?an a qualification1 to   

p]=m t :i* we judge to be unatta9able1  
except by !  application ( sev]al ye>s1 
closely atta*$ to "o individual         
int5tion4 ,!re=e1 9 lieu ( condemn+ _!  
op]ations1 we %\ld  r reg>d !m )        
admiration2 =1 ,i w v5ture to ass]t1 t  
we %\ld n fail to wond] at "o ( our own 
c\ntrym51 :o1 p]haps  at r an advanc$   
age1 )\t previ\s education1 )\t !       
possibility ( ref]5ce to books1 or to   
public in/itutions1 %\ld  und]take to d 
t ) a hat*et1 or any o!r gross implem5t1
 :i*  p]sons regul>ly br\ght up 9 !     
respective pr(ession %\ld ass]t  to be  
impracticable1 unless duly provid$ )    
b5*es1 vices1 &  tools1 ( exquisite     
=mation1 out ( numb]4 ,! ,asiatic has ! 
b>e  soil = 8 b5*1 8 toes are 8 vice1 & 
8 implem5ts usually  am\nt to no m ?an a
 small adze1 a saw1 )1 p]haps1 a *isel1 
&  a pair ( unc\? p9c]s6    ,! same     
op]ations :i* ,i h describ$ to be       
necess>y = !  con/ruction ( a t>ras ro(1
 are equally s = ! floors 9 e  "p ( !   
h\se2 b1 unless ! basem5t /&s v high1 s 

z to  all[ ( wat] h\ses1 c4 und]nea? !  
gr\nd-floor1 x is usual to  h ! latt]   
flu$1 by means ( n>r[ *annels1 or       
air-conduits1 (  ab\t f\r in*es deep1 & 
z _m wide2 s z to be cov]$ )  bricks (  
an ord9>y size3 ^! flues are made 9     
p>allel l9es1 at1  p]haps1 a foot or m  
asund]1 & pass entirely "u ! h\se1 9    
bo? directions1 hav+ _! sev]al ap]tures 
cov]$ by small iron  grates1 = ! purpose
 ( keep+ out rats1 snakes1 c42 :i* w\ld 
else f9d admirable asylums )9 ^!        
int]sect+ *annels4 ,!  l[] t>rases are  
?us kept ?or\ghly dry by ! flues1 :i*1 (
  c\rse1 give v5tilation to e "p "u !   
floor4 ,:]e bricks are  sc>ce1 :i* is   
(t5 ! case1 on acc\nt ( _! nev] be+ made
  = g5]al sale1 except at public /ations
 & great cities1 & !n  ( a v small size1
 x is common to build ! gr\nd t>ras ^u  
inv]t$ pots2 ea* be+ capable ( conta9+  
ab\t ?ree pecks1 or a  bu%el4 ,^! pots  
may be _h1 9 any quantity1 all ov] !    
c\ntry2  g5]ally at ! l[ rate ( a f>?+1 
or1 at ! utmo/1 a halfp5ny1  ea*4    ,! 

pots are rang$ ^u ! gr\nd1 )9 ! area =m$
 by !  walls1 side by side1 b n q 9     
contact1 ea* re/+ on its  m\?1 :i*      
consi/s g5]ally ( a rim1 project+ ab\t  
?ree or f\r  in*es f ! body ( ! vessel1 
:i* is ne>ly sph]ical4 ,!  loose/ s& t c
 be _h1 or1 9 its abs5ce1 any dry       
rubbi%1 is  !n ?r[n 91 s z to fill up   
all ! int]vals1 & to cov] !  pots1 ab\t 
f\r in*es 9 dep?4 ,?is surface be+      
levell$1 ano!r  /ratum ( pots is add$1  
if judg$ necess>y2 ! :ole process (     
fill+ up is simil> 9 bo?1 & ! t>ras is  
laid 9 ! usual  mann] on ! levell$      
surface4    ,by f> ! great] portion ( ! 
subsoil ?r\gh\t ,b5gal1 at lea/1  9 t   
wide expanse rea*+ f ,gogra to ,dacca1  
on ! nor?-ea/1  & f ! ,soane1 along !   
pla9s at ! foot ( ! hills1 to !         
deb\*ure ( ! ,hoogly1 7:i*1 toge!r1 =m !
 limits ( our  ri*e/1 & mo/ popul\s1    
purgunnahs1 or di/ricts17 is a loose1   
gritty s&1 v l :at f>m]s t]m a lu%2 :i*1
 9 a few  places1 receives a /rong r$   
t9t f ! f]rug9\s m\nta9s1 e  :]e to be  

se5 along ei!r b\nd>y4 ,?is extreme     
loos5ess ( !  subsoil creates a mo/     
p]emptory necessity = secur+ !          
f\ndations  ( weighty build+s1 by e     
possible means2 &1 9 ! s9k+ (  wells1 is
 (t5 f\nd to pres5t ! mo/ =midable      
ob/acles4    ,"u su* circum/ances1 x mu/
 appe> self-evid5t1 t ^? l>ge  mansions 
=m+ ! bulk ( ,calcutta1 by :i* ,i mean t
 portion  rais$1 & inhabit$1 by         
,europeans2 toge!r ) ! sev]al           
g>d5-h\ses1 & ! num]\s edifices on a    
l>ge scale erect$ by !  natives1        
especially _! places ( wor%ip1 :i* are  
mo/ pond]\sly  con/ruct$2 all ^!        
necess>ily require to be v firmly f\nd$3
  nor c too mu* att5tion be paid to     
c>ry+ (f ! wat]1 :i*  p\rs d[n f ! tops 
( ! h\ses2 le/ ! bases %\ld be sapp$1  &
 v s]i\s injury be entail$4    ,) ?is   
int5tion1 almo/ e comp\nd1 or enclos$   
area1 is  ei!r laid ) pan-tiles1 or is  
well coat$ ) soorky1 9 ! same  mann] z !
 roads2 :ile1 9 _m in/ances1 ! junction 
( ! wall  ) ! level ( ! area is         

conceal$1 & secur$1 by a talus1  bl5d+ )
 ! build+1 at ab\t a foot or m above t  
level4    ,) respect to bungal[s1 or any
 o!r build+s com+ "u !  designation (   
#8tempor>y1' _! f\ndations are usually v
 %all[4  ,^! are1 = ! mo/ "p1 rais$ a   
foot or two f ! surr\nd+  level2 &1 z _!
 inn] walls1 t (t5 run f sixte5 to tw5ty
  feet 9 height1 are well secur$ by !   
v]&as1 :i* likewise  pres]ve ! prec9ct1 
= full twelve or f\rte5 feet1 f be+     
s(t5$ by ! ra9s1 v %all[ f\ndations are 
deem$ suffici5t4  ,! surr\nd+ p>apet :i*
 limits1 :ile x raises1 ! v]&a1 is      
usually ( burnt-brick1 cem5t$ ) good    
mort>1 & pla/]$ ov]  ) ! same2 b ! :ole 
( ! residue ( bricklay]s' "w is su*  z  
has be5 already expla9$4 ,! v]&as (     
bungal[s are  su/a9$ ei!r by /rong wood5
 po/s1 or by pill>s ( masonry2 _!       
int]vals are fill$ up ) jaumps1 be=e    
describ$1 :i* may be  rais$ at pleasure1
 to any angle1 includ+ ab\t #aj1 or #ae1
 above !  horizontal2 or !y may be      
suff]$ to hang p]p5dicul>ly aga9/ !     

ext]ior faces ( ! pill>s4 ,9 tempe/u\s  
wea!r1 & especially  dur+ ^? viol5t     
squalls call$ #8nor?-we/]s1' 9          
consequ5ce (  _! usually ei!r comm5c+   
on1 or ve]+ r\nd to1 t qu>t]1  x w be   
f\nd necess>y to place ! bamboo props1  
:]eby !  jaumps are usually elevat$1    
aga9/ _! ext]ior sides2 by :i*  means ! 
jaump is press$ to ! pill>1 & becomes   
greatly exempt$  f ! dang] ( be+ bl[n   
away2 :i*1 nev]!less1 frequ5tly is  its 
fate1 al?\gh its weight may be full a   
cwt4 & a half1 or ev5 two  cwt4    ,!   
=ce ( ^! nor?-we/]s is next to          
incr$ible6 ,i recollect  "o 9 p>ticul>1 
:i*1 9 ,novemb] #aghg1 tore up an imm5se
 tree1  call$ ! #8,b>rackpore ,beacon1' 
on acc\nt ( its be+ situat$ at a  po9t  
:]e x c\ld be se5 f ,duckansore1 along a
 beautiful rea* (  ! ,hoogly riv]4 ,?is 
f9e piece ( timb] measur$ ne>ly tw5ty   
feet  9 gir?1 & bran*$ out 9 ! mo/      
luxuriant mann]1 rea*+ to  full sev5ty  
or eighty feet 9 height3 x 0 torn up by 
its roots1  ?\gh "s ( ! ramifications 7 

mu* ?ick] ?an my own body1  leav+ an    
excavation ( n less ?an #ae1jjj cubic   
feet4    ,:5 /ation$ at ,haz>y-,bang1 9 
! ,ramghur di/rict1 my bungal[  01 ,i   
firmly believe1 sav$ f fall+ by m]e     
accid5t4 ,x _h  become fa%ionable to    
con/ruct fire places 9 our halls1 runn+ 
up !  *imnies1 s z to pi]ce ! ?at*es    
imm$iately bel[ ! summit (  t wall 9 :i*
 ! fire-place 0 made1 & :i* s]v$ z !    
front face ( ! *imney4 ,cutt+ ?r\gh !   
wall1 to make a prop]  op5+ :]e9 to set 
! grate1 ,i f\nd t1 9 lieu ( be+ firm1  
z x %\ld h be51 ! :ole cut l s mu*      
butt]4 ,9  consequ5ce ( ?is discov]y1 ,i
 ha/5$ ! f9i%+ ( ! /ove1  :i*1 9 a %ort 
"t1 air$ ! room1 & completely dri$ !    
walls2  b1 n be=e !y began to display v 
unequivocal tok5s ( :at  w\ld h tak5    
place1 b = my v =tunate adoption ( ! :im
  !n 9 vogue4    ,x is rem>kable1 t !   
bungal[ /ood on a g5tle declivity1 f    
:i* ! sup]ficial wat] 0 well dra9$2 b1 !
 soil 0  prov]bially spongy1 & reta9$ e 
%[]1 mu* ! same z *alk1  b )\t its good 

qualities3 ?us1 not)/&+ ! floors1 7or   
t>rases17 7 full two feet above !       
surr\nd+ level1 my habitation  w\ld1 ,i 
am well conv9c$1 h subsid$2 bury+ e     
inhabitant  "u its ru9s6 ,probably1 t   
fatal mom5t w\ld h accord$ )  ! height (
 "s nor?-we/]2 to ^: fury ! cata/rophe  
w\ld1  ?\gh errone\sly1 h be5 imput$4   
,! v]&as ( bungal[s are g5]ally allott$ 
to !  accommodation ( s]vants ( all     
descriptions2 &1 except :]e1 z 9        
,calcutta1 a sep>ate lodg+-room is      
provid$1 s]ve = ! home (  :atev] cah>s1 
or be>]s1 may be employ$4 ,^! h ea* _!  
mat1 on :i* !y sleep1 =m+ a pill[ ( any 
g'hettry1 or bundle  ( cloa?s1 & cov]+  
!mselves ) _! quilts1 c43 blankets  be+ 
b v little 9 use among dome/ics ( any   
description4 ,:5 a  g5tleman has        
company1 ! side-bo>d is usually set out 
9 !  v]&a1 :]e also ! sev]al gue/s'     
hookahs are prep>$2 &1  9 ra9y wea!r1 _!
 wat] cool$4 ,all s]vants come ^u be+   
call$ only2 !re be+ no bells hung 9 any 
"p ( ! c\ntry1 &  v1 v few ev5 (        

h&-bells to be se54 ,! common call1 ,qui
 hi8  7mean+ #8:o is !re8'7 (t5 r\zes a 
doz5 ( ! slumb]+ crew1  ?\gh x is       
occasionally repeat$1 ) "s vocif]ation  
too1 be=e  "o w /ir4 ,al?\gh to _m      
bungal[s !re are abundance (            
out-(fices1 "s ( :i* may h be5 built = !
 reception (  palanqu9s1 & especially ( 
a gig1 7!re call$ a buggy17 few  p]sons 
all[ ei!r _! mahanahs1 or _! bohahs1 to 
be kept 9  su* places1 z !y w\ld be     
subject to v>i\s unpleasant purposes1   
:]eby _! int]ior especially w\ld (t5 be 
soil$3 ?is objection  acts likewise 9 "s
 measure t[>ds ! common practice (      
reta9+  ! gig1 z well z ! palanqu91 )9 !
 v]&a2 ! latt] is  easily lift$ 9 & out 
by ! be>]s1 b ! =m] requires t a  ramp1 
or slope1 %\ld be made1 up & d[n :i* !  
syce 7or  groom7 draws x ) facility4    
,all conveyances1 :5 h\s$1 are cov]$  ) 
a d\ble clo?1 usually made ( k>wah4     
,?r\gh\t ,calcutta ! doors are pannell$1
 & h1 g5]ally1  h&some brass m\nt+s1 )  
mortice locks2 ! w9d[s are well  glaz$2 

&1 9 _m in/ances1 ! rooms are laid )    
sup]b c>pets1  ei!r ( ,european1        
,p]sian1 or ,mirzapore manufacture3 !   
two latt]  are g5]ally made ( silk2     
exhibit+ n only ri* patt]ns1 b !  mo/   
brilliant colors1 at lea/ equal to any  
made at our manufactories4  ,! floors1  
or1 m prop]ly speak+1 ! t>rases1 are    
almo/  inv>iably cov]$ ) a matt+ made ( 
a species ( ru%1 :i*  possesses         
consid]able firmness & pliancy4 ,?is1   
aft] be+ duly  cleans$ f fibres1 c4 is  
made up into bundles1 ab\t a cubit 9    
l5g?1 & ne>ly ! same 9 gir?1 9 :i* /ate 
x is well soak$3  f ^! bundles !        
mat-mak]s1 :o are usually ( ! ,cunjoor  
tribe1 weave ! mats ^u a k9d ( wo( made 
( tw9e1 b p]fectly  conceal$ by ! ru%es4
 ,"s ( ^! mats are made pla92 :ile o!rs 
are 9 v>i\s /ripes1 or 9 *equ]s4 ,) ?is 
manufacture a room (  any size may be   
fitt$2 ! "w be+ ei!r done on ! spot1 or 
at  ! h\ses ( ! p]sons employ$2 ! color 
is g5]ally t ( fad$  /raw2 ?\gh1        
sometimes1 r$ or black ru%es1 dy$ = !   

purpose1 are  introduc$4 ,= !           
accommodation ( p]sons resid+ 9 p>ts :]e
  !y _c h floors fitt$ ) entire mats1   
long /rips1 ( ab\t a  y>d wide1 & f\r or
 five y>ds long1 are sold 9 almo/ e     
great  baz> 7or m>ket74 ,^! require to  
be sew$ side by side1 ! same z  our     
,scot* c>pet+2 b1 exclusive ( t         
disadvantage1 are n s  eligible2 bo?    
because !y are less c>efully made1 & t1 
9 almo/  e in/ance1 !y are manufactur$ f
 refuse mat]ials4    ,9 ! upp] prov9ces1
 :]e ! kudjoor 7or date-tree7 ab\nds1 a 
v passable k9d ( matt+ is made ( its    
leaves2 x is true1 ?is is  n s durable1 
nor s h&some1 nor s ev51 z t sort j     
describ$2 ow+ to ! co>s5ess ( !         
mat]ials1 x is r  subject to cat* ! feet
 ( *airs2 add to ?is1 ! dang] ( fire  f 
hookahs1 c43 all ^! circum/ances limit !
 use ( !  kudjoor mats to v ord9>y      
purposes2 or1 at ! lea/1 to lay+  d[n 9 
su* rooms z are to be :olly or p>tially 
c>pet$4    ,mats are likewise made1 9 e 
"p ( ! c\ntry1 f gre5  bamboos2 :i*1 be+

 split into v ?9 la?s1 ( ab\t half an   
in*1  or less1 9 wid?1 answ] ! same     
purpose z ! =ego+2 ^! are1  h[ev]1 v    
uncom=table1 & h>b\r c5tip$es by !      
hundr$3 !  kudjoor mats p>take ( t      
objection1 b n to ! same ext5t4  ,mats1 
if we may s call !m1 are likewise made  
by lay+ d[n rattans1  & /r++ !m toge!r )
 /rips ( _! own b>k1 ! same z  is done 9
 mak+ ! se]ky us$ 9 ?at*+2 b ?is species
 is  v r>e3 inde$1 ,i believe only a few
 7 ev] se5 9 ,calcutta1 &  !y 7 said to 
h be5 br\ght by ! ,dut* f ,malacca1 :5ce
  great numb]s ( rattans are ye>ly      
import$4 ,! price ( ! be/  ru%-mats may 
be tak5 at ab\t a rupee p] squ>e y>d2 t 
( !  mats 9 /rips at f f\r annas 7#h d47
 to eight annas 7#ag;d472 b  ! kudjoor1 
& bamboo k9ds1 c only be comput$ by !   
dem& =  mat]ials1 & ! prices ( labor1   
locally3 probably1 tak+ all ?+s  into   
consid]ation1 we may e/imate a squ>e y>d
 ( ei!r at two  annas1 or ab\t #d;d4 ,a 
v beautiful species ( mat is made 9 "s  
p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 b especially 9 !       

s\?-ea/]n di/ricts1  ab\t ,dacca &      
,luckypore1 f a k9d ( re$y grass1 ( :i* 
!  r9d1 be+ p>$ (f v ?91 & trimm$ to    
ab\t ! eigh? ( an  in* 9 wid?1 is wove  
into mats1 r>ely exce$+ sev5 or eight   
feet  9 l5g?1 by ab\t f\r feet 9 wid?4  
,^! are peculi>ly slipp]y1  :5ce !y are 
designat$ #8seekul-putty1' 7i4e4 poli%$ 
%eets72  _! color resembles t ( common  
horn1 & _! prices are  g5]ally f two to 
six rupees p] piece2 accord+ to _!      
f95ess1  & to ! /ate ( ! m>kets4 ,!     
pr9cipal uses ( !  seekul-putty1 are1 to
 be laid "u ! l[] %eet ( a b$1 !reby  to
 keep ! body cool2 :i* is c]ta9ly       
effect$ to a great degree by  ?is       
device1 by its rem>kably slipp]y        
surface3 "s few pill[s =  c\*es are     
likewise cov]$ !re)1 & ,i h se5 x       
employ$ 9  mak+ cov]s = mahogany tables2
 to :i* x is well adapt$1 on  acc\nt (  
its repell+ du/3 9 su* case1 x ought to 
h all !  jo9+s well tap$1 & to be l9$ ) 
blanket1 or ) k>wah1 c4  prop]ly quilt$4
    ,exclusive ( ! c>pets be=e m5tion$1 

& :i* are v high  pric$1 a manufacture (
 satr9jes is c>ri$ on at ,mirzapore1 & 9
  _m o!r p>ts4 ,^! s]ve all ! purposes (
 c>pets1 b h no  plu%2 be+ 9 t p>ticul> 
v simil> to our ,scot* c>pet+1  b1 at ! 
same "t1 v dissimil> 9 respect to       
patt]n4 ,!  satr9je is no?+ m ?an a v   
l>ge color$ %eet1 9 :i*1  except = ab\t 
a cubit's bread? all ar\nd1 ! :ole is   
divid$ into  b>s1 or /ripes1 usually f  
two to six in*es wide1 proportion$ to  !
 ext5t ( ! fabric4 ,! pr9cipal colors 9 
^! c>pets are  crimson = a gr\nd1 ) b>s 
( deep1 or light r$2 or blue gr\nds1  ) 
:ite1 yell[1 or tawny b>s2 or gre5      
gr\nds1 ) deep]1 or  light] gre51 or    
crimson1 or orange b>s2 or any ( ^!1    
vice  v]s4 ,! common price ( a wooll5   
satr9je1 may be f twelve  annas 7i4e4   
#c_/d ( a rupee7 to ?ree rupees p] squ>e
 y>d2 accord+  to f95ess1 sub/ance1     
color1 dem&1 c4    ,( cotton satr9jes1 !
 price r>ely exce$s a rupee1 or a rupee 
&  a qu>t]1 = ! same ext5t2 ^!1 h[ev]1  
wa% admirably4 ,x is no  uncommon ?+ to 

see a satr9je ( full tw5ty by ?irty     
feet2 &  ?is1 too1 made ^u no?+ m ?an a 
bamboo roll]1 r\nd :i* !  "w gradually  
collects1 z ! ?reads are cross$1 by     
pass+ !  w>p-l9es1 alt]nately ov] & "u !
 wo(-l9es1 9 regul>  *anges6    ,*eeks1 
or scre5s1 to keep out ! gl>e1 are made 
9 a simil>  mann]4 ,^! simple1 yet mo/  
com=table1 add5da to our ,indian        
habitations1 are =m$ ( bamboo wires1 7if
 ,i may use ! t]m17 f  f\r to six feet 9
 l5g?1 & ab\t ! ?ickness ( a v l>ge     
knitt+-ne$le1 or1 p]haps1 ( a cr[-quill4
 ,a ?91 clean-work$  la?1 ( ! same      
mat]ial1 is put at ! top & bottom4      
,_m *eeks are made ( bamboo wires1      
previ\sly pa9t$ ei!r gre51  or r$di%    
br[n1 b g5]ally ! =m]4 ,^! require no   
p>ticul>  c>e1 fur!r ?an keep+ !m       
sep>ate1 z !y dry2 :i* is usually       
effect$ by lay+ !m ^u two r[s ( bricks1 
or aga9/ a wall1 or  ^u scatt]$ /raw1 :5
 ! wea!r is calm4 ,:5 *eeks are  int5d$ 
to repres5t any patt]n1 su* z birds on  
bran*es1 or ,indian  deities1 c41 ! :ole

 ( ! wires are laid ) _! respective ends
  on two bo>ds1 ov] :i* two o!rs are    
plac$ p]fectly p>allel1 &  ev51 s z to  
press ! ends ( ! wires1 & to prev5t _!  
be+  easily displac$4 ,a patt]n1 be+ cut
 out on pap] ( ! requir$  size1 is fa/5$
 d[n ^u ! wires1 & its outl9e e :]e     
di/9ctly m>k$ ^u !m2 aft] :i* x is work$
 9 on ! =m]  gr\nd1 say a gre51 ) br[n =
 bran*es1 a deep] gre5 = !  leaves1 &   
r$1 yell[1 c41 = ! birds3 ! :ole is !n  
left to  dry4 ,:5 ready = use1 !        
*eek-wallah 7or mak]7 fixes 8  app>atus 
close to ! top1 &1 tak+ ea* wire 9      
succession1 fa/5s  x d[n 9 its prop]    
place1 be+ guid$ by two lat]al l9es1 z  
!y  are h&$ to him by an ur*91 p]haps n 
m ?an ?ree or f\r  ye>s ( age6 ,9 ?is   
way ! repres5tation is pres]v$4    ,!   
neate/ patt]n$ *eeks come f ,*9a2 b !   
,b5gallee arti/  is gett+ fa/ =w>d1 &   
bids fair to put a /op to ! importation3
  x is usual to h ! :ole *eek b\nd1 all 
ar\nd1 ei!r ) a  light cotton tape1 (   
ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es broad1 or ) r$1  

or  blue1 k>wah4 ,at ! top ( ea* *eek1  
g5]ally1 a piece (  circul> lea!r is    
atta*$1 two be+ sew$ toge!r1 ?\gh on    
diff]5t sides ( ! wires2 to ^! ! cotton 
cords1 usually :ite1  or r$ & :ite1 or  
blue & :ite1 ab\t an in* 9 circumf]5ce1 
&  ea* a full y>d 9 l5g?1 are sew$3 _!  
use is1 to tie up !  *eek1 :5 roll$     
t[>ds ! door-plate1 at su* times z x is 
n  want$4 ,ea* end ( ! top la? has      
simil> pieces ( lea!r sew$ on1  = !     
cords by :i* ! *eek is to be susp5d$4   
,x is und]/ood1 t :ite *eeks are        
pref]able2 bo? because !y  keep out !   
gl>e mu* bett]1 & z !y r5d] ! int]ior   
less  di/+ui%able to any spectator f    
)\t3 consequ5tly1 !y  contribute mo/ to 
coolness1 & to privacy4    ,i believe x 
w\ld be impossible to f9d any h\se      
inhabit$ by an  ,european (             
respectability1 9 any "p ( ,calcutta1   
:i* %\ld prove  to be de/itute ( prop]  
doors1 ( pannell$ wood1 or ( w9d[s1 at  
lea/1 furni%$ ) ,v5etians1 if n ) glass 
sa%es4 ,:e!r =  appe>ance1 conv5i5ce1 or

 real utility1 c]ta9ly !re _c be any  ?+
 equal to glass1 ! use ( :i* is n[      
become s g5]al1 t  almo/ e bungal[ 9 !  
upp] prov9ces1 unless m]ely built z a   
%elt] = a few mon?s1 is provid$ ) glass2
 "s1 p]haps1 only  p>tially1 b a great  
majority ?r\gh\t4 ,7 x n t ?is mo/      
agreeable improvem5t 7 atta9able on :at 
may be call$ v  mod]ate t]ms1 ! great   
numb] ( s]i\s drawbacks x has to        
enc\nt]1 w\ld assur$ly cause its        
exportation to ! ,ea/ to be v  limitt$4 
,! pr9cipal objections to its use1 are1 
#a/ly1 !  difficulty ( gett+ glass cut  
to fit ! sa%es2 #b;dly1 ! aptness (  ev5
 ! be/ season$ wood to w>p1 s z to cause
 ! panes to fly2  #c;dly1 ! difficulty  
:i* frequ5tly exi/s ( gett+ glass at    
all2  especially ( ! l>g] sizes4    ,z a
 balance to ?is1 we f9d1 t ?is brittle  
commodity1 aft]  und]go+ all ! risques  
att5dant ^u %ipp+1 & l&+1  toge!r ) all 
! dang]s ( ! seas1 & mu* occasional r\gh
  usage aft] be+ consign$ to ! up-c\ntry
 trad]1 c usually be  sold at           

,futty-,ghur1 or ,luckn[1 :i* are ea*   
di/ant ab\t a ?\s&  miles1 by wat]1 f   
,calcutta1 at ! foll[+ prices3 panes (  
#h by  #aa in*es1 at ab\t tw5ty rupees  
p] coorge1 7or score172 #aj by #ad1  at 
ab\t tw5ty-six rupees2 ( #ab by #af1 at 
ab\t ?irty-two2 ( #ae by  #bj1 at ab\t  
=ty2 ( #ah by #bf1 at ab\t fifty2 & (   
#bj by #cj1 at  ab\t sixty rupees4 ,^!  
prices give little m ?an c5t4 p] c5t4   
^u ! :olesale prices ( ,london4 ,:at ) !
 necessity = mak+  ^? panes & sa%es1 :i*
 are expos$ to ! sun1 v firm1 z well  z 
f a due att5tion to economy 9 s exp5sive
 an article1 we  g5]ally see1 9 ! upp]  
prov9ces1 ! panes laid transv]sely1     
in/ead ( upright2 & only "o r[ ( su*    
panes 9 ea* frame2 !  wood-"w be+ made v
 broad1 s z to occupy a l>ge space4 ,!  
light ?us admitt$1 is f\nd fully        
adequate to e common purpose2  !        
atmosph]e be+1 = full eight mon?s out ( 
! twelve1 p]fectly  cle>2 & !re be+     
r>ely any build+s to deb> ! full        
enjoym5t  ( t bless+3 besides1 t great  

exposure to an uncl\d$ sky1  :i* may 9  
,engl& be deem$ highly advantage\s1     
w\ld1 9 ,india1  prove objectionable2 by
 admitt+ s =cible a gl>e z mu/ give m   
uneas9ess ?an pleasure4    ,:5 glass    
ei!r _c be _h2 or1 t1 ow+ to "s         
speculator  hav+ monopoliz$1 ! price is 
consid]$ too high1 x is n uncommon  to  
see w9d[s furni%$ ) plates ( talc2 :i*  
may be obta9$1  9 almo/ any quantity1 at
 ! sev]al cities1 especially t[>ds !    
fronti]s2 v ext5sive deal+s be+ c>ri$ on
 9 ?is article1 by  p]sons resid5t      
*iefly at ,luckn[1 ,b5>es1 & ,patna1 :o 
import x  f ,?ibet1 & ! c\ntries on !   
nor? ( ! ,punjab1 or ,seik  t]ritory1 9 
masses1 (t5 z l>ge z a qu>t]n loaf4 ,!  
pr9cipal  int5tion ( su* traffic is = ! 
supply ( t f9e p[d]1 us$ 9  ! ,h9du     
holiday1 call$ hooly1 :i* may g5]ally be
 view$ z !  c>nival ( t sect4    ,!     
masses ( talc commonly sell = ab\t a    
rupee & a half1 or ev5  up to two rupees
 p] se] 7( ab\t two p\nds avoirdupoise73
 :5 good1  x is ( a pure pe>l color1 b x

 has1 ord9>ily1 ei!r a yell[i%1  or a   
fa9t blue ca/3 by means ( prop] tools1  
?is m9]al may be  split into v ?9       
leaves1 :i* (t5 pres5t smoo? surfaces1 b
  are apt to h little scaly bli/]s1 t   
greatly det]iorate _!  value4 ,h[ev]1 a 
se] ( talc1 t splits well1 w sometimes  
yield  a doz5 or m panes1 ( ab\t #ab    
in*es by #i1 or ( #aj by #aj2 &  ?us1   
accord+ to ! =m ( ! lump2 :i* c only be 
split 9 !  direction ( its lam94 ,^!    
panes are s f> diaphan\s z to all[      
ord9>y objects to be se5 at ab\t tw5ty  
or ?irty y>ds tol]ably  di/9ct2 &1 (    
c\rse1 pres5t an excell5t sub/itute =   
glass4    ,i am surpriz$ t ! v simple   
process :]eby talc may be  vitrifi$1 has
 n enc\rag$ "s +5i\s p]son to e/abli% a 
manufactory = t purpose4 ,:5 comb9$ )   
alkal9e salt1 7e  :]e atta9able 9       
,india17 x is fusible 9 a /rong heat1 & 
=ms a  transp>5t1 h&some1 gre5i%-yell[  
glass4 ,if equal portions (  talc & (   
*alk be melt$ toge!r1 ) "o-f\r? "p (    
borax1  7! soohaugah1 or t9cal1 s       

abundant ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/17 !  mixture w  
produce a f9e pellucid1 gre5i% glass1 ( 
consid]able  lu/re & h>dness2 gyps\s    
e>?s1 7:i*1 ?\gh n br\ght into  use1 are
 suppos$ to ab\nd 9 "s p>ts ( ,bah>1 & (
 ! upp]  prov9ces17 may be advantage\sly
 sub/itut$ = *alk1 :5ce !  result w be a
 ri*1 pellucid1 yell[ glass1 ( equal    
brightness &  durability4    ,speak+ (  
*alk1 ,i mu/ rem>k1 t v l>ge quantities 
are  occasionally s5t to ,india1 not)/&+
 "s ( ! hills at !  back ( ,raje ,mahal 
ab\nd !re)4 ,i und]/ood1 _m ye>s ago1 f 
an old fri5d1 :o 0 qu>t]-ma/] ( a       
regim5t /ation$ at  ,monghyr1 di/ant    
ab\t =ty miles f ! =m] place1 t1 9      
consequ5ce ( a sc>city ( musquet fl9ts1 
he _h s5t p to !  ,*alk ,hills ( ,raje  
,mahal1 :5ce he _h obta9$ a boat-load t 
answ]$ admirably4 ,9 reply to my        
que/ions reg>d+ ! *alk1 he  in=m$ me x 0
 v co>se4 ,b he =got1 t1 by dissolv+ x 9
  a l>ge quantity ( wat]1 & all[+ !     
rubbi% to s9k1 ! f9]  p>ticles w\ld be =
 a :ile susp5d$2 &1 on be+ p\r$ (f1     

w\ld1 aft] repeat$ wa%+s 9 ?is mann]1   
yield ! pure/ :it+4  ,x really appe>s   
surpriz+1 t ^? *alk hills %\ld rema9    
unnotic$2 &1 t ev5 ! lime-burn]s %\ld   
neglect to take  advantage ( _! be+ s   
advantage\sly situat$ among wild]nesses 
( fuel1 & )9 a mile ( ! great *annel ( !
 ,ganges6 ,t !  ,company %\ld ev] s5d   
out :it+1 or put !mselves to ! exp5ce  (
 millions ^u millions ( gun & pi/ol     
fl9ts1 :5 !y possess  su* a qu>ry1 7(   
:i* ! ext5t is n kn[n17 appe>s highly   
inconsi/5t ) t economy s mu* & s prop]ly
 /udi$4 ,if x be  argu$1 t "s impolicy  
might exi/ 9 %ew+ ! natives h[ to       
provide !mselves ) fl9ts2 ! answ] is v  
easy2 = !  gun-smi?s ( ,monghyr are     
fully appriz$ ( ! :ole process4 ,b1     
surely ! *alk _c be accus$ ( ! same     
dang]\s t5d5cy6 ,to  say ! lea/1        
gov]nm5t might1 ) great advantage1 cause
 all !  lime requir$ = _! own works to  
be made f x2 impos+ a price  ^u all t   
might be dug by m]*ants1 or o!rs2 z !y d
 at _!  /one qu>ries1 ne> ,*un>-,ghur1  

c4 ,my read]s w1 at all ev5ts1  discov] 
t a v useful glass might be made 9      
,india1 ! duty on  :i* w\ld produce a   
mu* l>g] sum ?an ! :ole am\nt ( pr(its  
accru+ to our export]s4 ,x is1 inde$1 a 
well-kn[n fact1 t !  capta9s ( ,indiam5 
take out w9d[ glass m ) ! view to mak+  
up a g5]al assortm5t1 ?an f any great   
advantage aris+ f its  sale to !        
,european %op-keep]s1 c4 ,9 "t ( peace  
!y are  inv>iably und]sold by =eign     
trad]s2 :o c>ry out glass ( an  inf]ior 
quality1 :i* sells to a c]ta9 ext5t2 &  
is (t5 r  s\ght1 ?an reject$1 on acc\nt 
( its gre5i% hue1 :i* is f\nd to  s(t5 !
 light consid]ably2 especially 9 expos$ 
situations4    ,! natives d1            
occasionally1 make a weak1 gre5i%1 &    
bli/]$ glass  into c>aboys1 or great    
bottles = rose-wat]1 & into less] ones1 
su* z ! gundies1 or it9]ant p]fum]s1    
use2 b ?is is on a  v small scale1 &    
*iefly suppli$ f brok5 tumbl]s1 %ades1  
c41 ( ,european manufacture4 ,!re are   
p]sons at ,patna1 :o h m5  con/antly    

employ$ 9 pur*as+ brok5 glass1 ( e      
description1  f ! s]vants ( ,europeans1 
& 9 collect+ su* fragm5ts z may  be ?r[n
 out among ! ord9>y rubbi%4    ,x mu/   
occasionally happ51 t nei!r glass1 nor  
talc1 c be  readily obta9$2 9 :i* case1 
! be/ mode is to make light frames1  &  
to pannel1 or fill !m up ) wax-clo?1    
neatly nail$ on4 ,?is is  an admirable  
sub/itute1 n only keep+ out w9d1 ra91 & 
du/1 b1  9 ! cold season1 pres]v+ ! w>m?
 ( rooms1 yet admitt+  suffici5t light =
 ord9>y purposes3 ,i h v frequ5tly      
resort$  to ?is exp$i5t1 & ev5 to frames
 ( oil$ pap]2 all ,i _h to  regret 01 t 
!y deb>r$ my see+ :at pass$ abroad4 ,to 
a p]son  j arriv$ f ,europe1 su* w\ld   
appe> a mo/ di/ress+  privation2 b1 aft]
 exp]i5c+ a few seasons beh9d tatties1  
)\t be+ able to enjoy ! light dur+ !    
:ole day1 & t =  mon?s toge!r1 su*      
reclus5ess w\ld sc>cely be consid]$     
wor?y (  notice3 s true x is1 t we      
gradually become habituat$ to ! loss  ( 
ord9>y enjoym5ts1 ( faculties1 & ev5 (  

civil & religi\s  lib]ty666    ,al?\gh  
bungal[s h n any ceil+s ( pla/]1 !y are 
r5d]$  inconceivably neat )91 by means (
 a d\ble %eet1 made ( v  co>se cotton   
clo?1 call$ guzzy2 ( :i* t5ts are       
usually  con/ruct$4 ,^! %eets are fitt$ 
to ! sev]al ap>tm5ts  respectively1 are 
b\nd ) /rong tape ar\nd1 & h1 besides1  
v>i\s tapes =m+ an union cross ( eight  
limbs1 or rays1 all  meet+ 9 ! c5tre4 ,z
 ! cornices commonly project ne> a foot1
  abundance ( space is left = lac+ !    
%eet 7call$ ! *&ny17  to batt5s1 nail$  
to pegs built 9 ! wall3 ^! batt5s be+   
firmly  secur$ all ! way r\nd1 ab\t an  
in* above ! cornice1 admit !  %eet to be
 /ra9$ v tight1 s z to bag v little1 if 
at all1 9  ! c5tre4 ,"s :ite-wa% _!     
*&nies1 & take s mu* pa9s 9  e/abli%+ a 
firm appe>ance1 z to r5d] !m v simil> to
 well  made ceil+s4 ,)\t ?is la/ mode ( 
prep>ation1 music has no  effect 9 a    
bungal[2 inde$1 at ! be/1 ! mo/ p[]ful  
in/rum5t is he>d "u v great             
disadvantages1 ow+ to ! numb]  (        

ap]tures1 ! satr+es1 mats1 c\* & table  
cov]s1 c41 all  :i* dead5 ! tones       
consid]ably4    ,^? :o are v p>ticul> 9 
:atev] relates to _! furniture1  c41 h  
_! v]&as l9$ 9 ! same mann] z _!        
ap>tm5ts1  giv+ !m a f9i%$ appe>ance2 b1
 9 su* expos$ situations !  clo?s are   
apt to collect consid]able quantities ( 
du/1 :i* is  p]petually set 9 motion by 
! %ak+ ( ! clo?s :5 act$ ^u  by ! w9d3  
on ?is acc\nt se]ky appe>s to me f>     
pref]able z a  l9+ = v]&as4    ,! usual 
exp$i5t1 :5 doors ( any description are 
n made1 is to  provide purdahs1 made (  
k>wah1 7or guzzy17 or bo? mix$ 9        
p]p5dicul> /ripes ( eight or t5 in*es   
wide ea*3 "s1 especially  ^? :o are     
/ation>y1 make _! purdahs ( %alloon1    
p]pet1 or  v co>se broad-clo?1 9 !      
foll[+ mann]4 ,! clo? is made into  two 
%eets ( equal dim5sions1 say n9e feet by
 six1 & hav+ /rong  tapes1 p]haps five  
or sev5 9 numb]1 ins]t$ cross-wise      
betwe5  !m3 ^! tapes are d\ble4 ,! :ole 
circumf]5ce ( ! purdah is  !n sew$ v    

neatly1 & b\nd ) tape1 correspond+ ) !  
color ( ! clo?1 & ! ends ( ! tapes are  
also b\nd by means (  lea!r1 cov]$ ) !  
same mat]ials4 ,betwe5 e pair ( tapes1 a
  bamboo1 ( a small k9d1 b v t\gh1 is   
introduc$2 or1 p]haps1 a  /\t la? made f
 a bamboo ( ! l>ge sort4 ,^! /icks1 or  
la?s1  s]ve to keep ! clo? /ret*$ out1 &
 :5 ! purdah is  susp5d$1 mu* 9 ! same  
mann] z has be5 expla9$ = !  m\nt+ ( a  
*eek1 lie horizontally2 ?us prev5t+ !   
w9d f  bl[+ 9 ! purdah4    ,x is obs]v$ 
z a g5]al rule1 always to make a purdah 
full a foot  wid] on ea* side ?an ! door
 way x is to conceal2 also to c>ry x  a 
foot above ! door plate1 & to h a       
portion1 ab\t a foot 9  dep?1 )\t any   
la?1 at ! bottom1 s z to trail a little 
on !  gr\nd4 ,^? purdahs :i* are made ( 
k>wah1 or o!r cotton  /uff1 are g5]ally 
quilt$ ) cotton1 or are compos$ ( _m    
folds1  or h co>se blankets inlaid      
betwe5 _! out] coat+s4 ,! la/ is  by f> 
! mo/ effectual1 mo/ neat1 & mo/ durable
 mode (  con/ruction2 b1 at ! be/1      

purdahs are a v indiff]5t  make-%ift2 &1
 ?\gh (t51 f necessity1 appli$ to w9d[s1
 are  by no means answ]able to _!       
int5tion4 ,_! be/ use is c]ta9ly  to    
dead5 s\nds2 h5ce1 !y are advantage\sly 
susp5d$ outside !  doors ( sleep+1 or   
o!r retir$ ap>tm5ts2 :51 by clos+ !     
doors1 privacy & quiet may usually be   
effect$4 ,! pres5ce ( a  purdah usually 
indicates ! exclusion ( males2 & t !    
ap>tm5ts1 )9 t entrance1 are devot$ to !
 accommodation (  ladies2 except :5     
roll$ up1 & ti$1 z has be5 expla9$ 9    
reg>d  to *eeks4    ,! be/ timb] =      
build+1 9 :atev] bran*1 is ! sygwam1 or 
teak2 b its de>ness prev5ts its g5]al   
use1 especially s9ce  naval ar*itecture 
has be5 s mu* an object ( speculation at
  ,calcutta4 ,h[ev]1 x c g5]ally be     
pur*as$ at ab\t a rupee1 or a  rupee & a
 qu>t]1 p] foot3 mak+ its utmo/ price   
ab\t ?ree  %ill+s & ?ree-p5ce4 ,^? :o   
build h\ses ( ! fir/ class1  r>ely fail 
to lay all _! t>rases ^u teak joi/s2 bo?
 because  !y possess sup]ior /r5g?1 & t 

!y are f> less likely to be  attack$ by 
! :ite-ants4 ,?is has be5 attribut$ to !
 quantity (  tann9 conta9$ 9 teak-wood1 
:i* "s h ass]t$ to be a  p]fect         
prev5tive1 or antidote2 b1 aft] hav+ se5
 ^? noxi\s  insects dev\r+ %oes & boots 
by :olesale1 ,i c nev] br+ myself  to   
accord ) su* an op9ion4 ,!re is1 9      
teak-wood1 evid5tly "s  prop]ty1 hi!rto 
occult1 t repels ! :ite-ant1 at lea/ =  
"s  ye>s1 b :i* is d\btless dim9i%$ by  
exposure to ! air2 z we  f9d t v old    
teak-timb]s become r m subject to       
depr$ation1 ?an new ones4 ,! great] "p (
 ! teak us$ 9  ,b5gal1 & at ,madras1 is 
import$ f ! ,pegu coa/1 9 imm5se  beams1
 & 9 sp>s1 planks1 c41 ( all sizes4 ,x  
is by no means  unusual to see ! squ>$  
timb]s measur+ f =ty1 to fifty1 feet  9 
l5g?1 & av]ag+ f fifte5 to tw5ty in*es 9
 diamet]4 ,"h  is food = our dock-y>ds6 
,x w\ld c]ta9ly be att5d$ ) consid]able 
b5efit to ! public1  if t occult        
pr9ciple1 or matt]1 :i* app>5tly exi/s 9
 !  teak-wood1 enabl+ x to resi/ bo? !  

:ite-ant1 & !  riv]-worm1 c\ld be       
asc]ta9$2 x might be possible to        
impregnate1 or  to saturate1 o!r timb] 9
 a simil> mann]4 ,?is is ! m  ess5tial1 
because we h abundant pro(s t m]e       
h>dness does n  det] ^? voraci\s        
insects1 :i* are f\nd at times ev5 ^u ! 
lignum vit6 ,b ! pr9cipal object1 s f> z
 relates to naval  purposes1 is1 t !    
teak-wood c]ta9ly is1 9 a great measure1
  devoid ( ! gallic1 or any o!r1 acid2  
or1 if su* is pres5t1 x  assur$ly mu/ be
 9 a v limitt$ portion2 s9ce ! nails    
driv5  into teak-wood are nev] corrod$ s
 z to decay ! surr\nd+ wood1  & to      
lib]ate x f conf9em5t4 ,to ?is decay1   
call$  #8iron-sickness1' are attribut$  
_m losses ( %ips1 suppos$ to h  f\nd]$  
at sea1 9 consequ5ce ( planks />t+2 :i* 
mu/ (t5  happ5 :5 ! wood embrac+ a nail 
is de/roy$ by ! acid1 or by  ! action ( 
salt wat] ^u ! iron4 ,9 repair+ %ips    
built ( oak1  _m nails are f\nd p]fectly
 insulat$1 by ! wood hav+ be5  rott$1 & 
fall5 away2 :i* has nev] be5 ! case )   

vessels  built ( teak4    ,! g5]ality ( 
ap>tm5ts be+ l>ge1 ! halls measur+      
p]haps  f ?irty to =ty feet 9 l5g?1 & f 
sixte5 to tw5ty-f\r 9  wid?1 & o!r rooms
 9 proportion1 x is evid5t t v          
sub/antial1 z well z long1 timb]s mu/ be
 requisite to support _!  flat ro(s2 =1 
) a few exceptions1 truss-ro(s are n 9  
use4 ,!  mode introduc$ by ,mr4 ,lyon1 !
 ,company's ar*itect1 at ,b]hampore1    
c]ta9ly contribut$ greatly to r$uce !   
quantity ( timb] 9 a  ro(1 b x r5d]$ x  
absolutely necess>y t e timb] %\ld  be  
p]fectly s\nd4 ,t g5tleman1 ^:          
pr(essional skill1 &  excell5t social   
qualities1 dem& an ample tribute1       
explod$ burgahs1  7or small] batt5s17 f 
! ro(s he con/ruct$2 &1 9 _!  /ead1 ?rew
 ar*es f ! c5tre ( "o to ! c5tre ( ! o!r
  timb]2 s t ! int]vals betwe5 ! timb]s 
7 to appe>ance  groov$1 or flut$1       
longitud9ally4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 b>ely     
di/+ui%able1 ! ar*es be+ v elliptic2    
r>ely1 inde$1  includ+ m ?an an angle ( 
six degrees1 on a circle hav+ full t5   

feet ( radius4    ,h5ce1 x w be se51 t !
 joi/s 7 tol]ably close1 b _!  diamet]s 
admitt$ ( consid]able r$uction1 on      
acc\nt ( !  cont9uity ( su* a s]ies (   
ar*es1 :i* gave great solidity2 &1  by  
_! mutual pressure1 admitt$ t a joi/    
%\ld be freely  remov$1 )\t 9 ! lea/    
affect+ ! ro(4    ,! h\ses built &      
inhabit$ by ! natives1 inv>iably h flat 
ro(s4 ,9 ^! ! ap>tm5ts are1 = ! mo/ "p1 
extremely n>r[1  & d>k4 ,! v]&as1 :]e   
any are made1 consi/ ( arcad$ fronts1   
inv>iably ind5t$ go?ic2 & h pill>s1 ei!r
 ( an hexagonal1 or  ( an octagonal1 =m1
 re/+ on %ort p$e/als1 :ile ! ar* may be
  se5 to break (f r too sudd5ly f !     
%aft1 :i* cont9ues up  to baisez-mur1   
7or bassim]e1 z our ar*itects vulg>ly   
call x17  & divides ! upp] "p into v>i\s
 comp>tm5ts1 all ( :i* are  ornam5t$ ) a
 pr(usion ( c>v$ "w4 ,9 almo/ e         
,h9do/anee  build+1 ( ?is description1  
!re w be se5 an odd numb] (  ar*es1 to  
:i* o!rs 9 ! ma9 "p ( ! edifice g5]ally 
correspond4 ,! *amb]s1 if s we may call 

!m1 are tak5 (f f !  ends ( ! halls1 by 
simil> arcades2 ea* ( :i*1 z well z ^?  
( ! ext]ior1 is furni%$ ) a purdah4 ,^! 
n>r[ slips h  no w9d[s1 or1 at ! be/1   
only small loop holes4 ,! int5tion (    
su* ov5-l recesses w\ld p]plex an       
,european unacqua9t$ )  ,asiatic cu/oms1
 b he w\ld soon f9d t1 9 ! cold season1 
su*  are peculi>ly w>m1 & t1 dur+ ^?    
mon?s 9 :i* ! gl>e is  obnoxi\s1 !y     
rema9 cool] ?an su* z admit m light4    
,almo/  e h\se is furni%$ ) "s means (  
asc5d+ to ! *ut1 7or  flat t>ras-ro(17  
:]eon ! natives (t5 pass ! ev5+1 caus+  
! heat to be fir/ abat$1 by means (     
sev]al pots ( wat]1 :i*  ?r[ up a /eam  
fully indicat+ ! temp]ature at :i* !    
t>ras  _h arriv$4 ,! natives are n      
p>tial to upp]-room$ h\ses 9  g5]al2    
?\gh !y affect to pride !mselves greatly
 9 !  possession ( doomaulahs1 t is1 (  
h\ses hav+ a second floor3 x  seems t   
o/5tation is ! reason ( ?is pr$ilection 
9 favor (  gr\nd floors1 :]eon all _!   
att5dants1 c41 may be se5 f !  level (  

_! comp\nds 7or enclos$ areas74 ,!      
/airs1 :]e any  exi/1 7= sometimes a v  
mean bo>d$ ladd] is made to answ] t     
int5tion17 are n>r[1 /eep1 & unsafe3 ^! 
are almo/ always built  ( solid masonry1
 z f> up z ! fir/ turn1 7or l&+ place17 
aft]  :i* !y commonly consi/ ( small    
bricks laid edgeways 9 lime  mort>1     
support$ by /\t timb]s1 plac$ at a prop]
 angle1 &  re/+ on ! proximate joi/ ( ! 
upp] floor4 ,9 e ,h9do/anee  h\se1 !    
doors are v l[1 & (t5 are made to op5   
into a long  arcad$ v]&a1 runn+ ! :ole  
l5g? ( ! int]ior1 mu* !  same z 9 our   
inns2 :ile1 9 ! front1 or t[>ds ! road1 
a hang+  balcony is sometimes made1     
support$ on cont9uations ( ! joi/s1 (   
:i* ! extremities are c>v$ into         
grotesque =ms2 su* z ! heads  (         
alligators1 or ( tig]s1 or ( s]p5ts1 & n
 infrequ5tly (  little human figures1 ^:
 size & squat position /rongly put u 9  
m9d ( a foetus 9 ut]o4    ,saul-wood is 
us$ to an imm5se ext5t1 bo? 9 build+s1 &
 9 !  con/ruction ( %ips1 b is n to be  

comp>$1 ei!r = t\ghness1  /r5g?1        
resi/ance aga9/ insects1 or durability1 
) teak4 ,its  price is mu* 9 favor (    
g5]al s]vice1 to :i* its great size1 &  
admirable /raightness1 are consid]able1 
& valuable recomm5dations2  b x is      
extremely apt to crack1 ?\gh n to snap2 
especially :5  expos$ to ! wea!r4 ,!re  
is some?+ v peculi> 9 saul-wood2  s9ce x
 is se5 to w>p1 ev5 aft] hav+ be5       
employ$ 9 bulk =  _m ye>s1 riv+ into    
l>ge fissures longitud9ally3 ! :ite-ants
  also dev\r x ) avidity4 ,mr4 ,lyon1   
already notic$1 :5 he 0  build+ ! ,g5]al
 ,hospital at ,b]hampore1 caus$ an      
imm5se copp]  tr\gh to be made1 9 :i* he
 boil$ ! beams int5d$ = t  edifice3 "s 7
 boil$ 9 pure wat]1 o!rs ) tann91 & "s  
) ars5ic2 "u ! hope bo? ( season+ !     
timb]1 & ( giv+  x a repellant1 or      
pres]vative quality4 ,?is +5i\s1 &      
highly  praise-wor?y exp]im5t1 0 by no  
means successful2 =1 al?\gh1 9  ! fir/  
in/ance1 ! timb]s seem$ to defy !       
:ite-ant1 especially  ^? boil$ 9 !      

solution ( ars5ic1 /ill !y 7 n          
completely  secur$ f depr$ation2 :ile1  
on ! o!r h&1 n9e 9 t5 riv$ s  dang]\sly 
z to dem& imm$iate props1 & ultimate    
removal4    ,_m au?ors h recomm5d$ !    
boil+ ( timb]1 planks1 c41 ) a  view to 
extract ! sap1 & ?us to season !m out ( 
h&2 b !y  h inv>iably neglect$ to furni%
 u ) ! results4 ,n[1 ,i h  ev] held x   
necess>y1 t m$ical practition]s %\ld    
keep a  regi/] ( ! obitu>y1 z well z ( !
 convalesc5t dep>tm5t1 9  ord] t we may 
"k h[ to avoid c]ta9 sy/ems2 :i*1       
d\btless1  = want ( su* a guide1 or     
caution1 h be5 repeat$ly resort$ to  by 
v>i\s m$ical *>act]s1 :o1 ins5sible ( ^?
 fatal effects  t _h att5d$ =m]         
exp]im5ts1 ?us consign _m pati5ts to  _!
 graves6 ,s %\ld all exp]im5ts1 su* z t 
above record$1 be  fully laid be=e !    
public1 & _! results be c&idly detail$4 
,x  is evid5t1 t :]e we see only !      
sugge/ion1 )\t ! pro(s (  its failure1  
we mu/ frequ5tly be induc$ to adopt h9ts
 ( a mo/  p]nici\s t5d5cy4    ,saul     

timb]1 :5 us$ 9 build+s1 ought always to
 h its ends  completely op5 to          
inspection2 bo? to prev5t ! :ite-ant f  
prey+ ^u x "u cov]1 & to insure its be+ 
duly a]at$2  )\t :i*1 h[ev] *>r$ & t>r$ 
x may be1 rott5ness w  spe$ily take     
place4 ,?is arises f be+ b$d$ 9 masonry1
 :i*1  dur+ ! ra9y season1 ev5 "u ! be/ 
ro(s1 w absord a l>ge  portion (        
moi/ure1 t w1 infallibly1 9 "t1 p5etrate
 into !  timb]4 ,x mu/ be recollect$1 t 
n "o 9 hundr$s ( ! h\ses  9 ,calcutta1  
or t are built on _! plan1 conta9s a    
fire-place3  h5ce1 dur+ "s mon?s 9 !    
ye>1 ! walls w exhibit v>i\s            
indications ( moi/ure1 ev5 to _! v      
cornices2 ?\gh ?is w  (t5 dep5d ^u !    
prop] selection ( s& = mix+ 9 !  pla/]4 
,x is n[ well kn[n1 ?\gh n long s9ce    
discov]$1 t  all s&1 tak5 up )9 ! fl[+ (
 ! tides1 is /rongly  impregnat$ ) salt1
 :i* w keep ! mort> :]e9 x is mix$      
et]nally subject to damps2 not)/&+ !    
t>rases may be flu$1  or be f\nd$ ^u    
pots4 ,i h kn[n sev]al1 o!rwise highly  

eligible1 h\ses r5d]$ unt5able1 m]ely by
 ?is incauti\s use (  riv] s&2 :i*      
occasion$ :atev] mats1 or c>pets1 7 laid
 d[n1  to be spe$ily rott$4 ,! fault 0  
at fir/ imput$ to ! vic9ity (  ! riv]1  
:5ce x 0 suspect$ ! damps 7 receiv$2 b x
 0  asc]ta9$1 t su* t>rases1 & mort>1 z 
7 comp\nd$ (  pit-s&1 rema9$ dry1 & free
 f s obnoxi\s a defect4  ,nev]!less1 !  
great] "p ( ! build+s1 9 & ab\t         
,calcutta1  receive a c]ta9 portion (   
riv]-s&1 tak5 up )9 ! rea* (  bracki%   
wat]3 :ile ?is practice is all[$1 !     
walls & t>rases  w rema9 subject to     
occasional moi/ure2 &1 z we daily see 9 
t  city1 ! pla/]+ w bli/]1 or1 inde$1   
become mottl$1 &  obvi\sly uns\nd4      
,saul-timb]s are f\nd 9 all ! =e/s1     
rang+ "u ! hills1  bran*+ our           
possessions f ,assam up to ,hurdw>2 !y  
are m  abundant 9 "s p>ts ?an 9 o!rs1 b 
no :]e sc>ce4 ,_m (  ^! =e/s pres5t     
?\s&s ^u ?\s&s ( acres1 :]eon !  saul1  
sissoo1 & o!r useful timb]s gr[         
spontane\sly2 (f]+  to u an inexhau/ible

 dept6 ,! only consid]ation is1 t       
wat]-c>riage %\ld be at h&4 ,! ,indian  
wood-fell]1 :o pays n  m ?an sixp5ce1 or
 a %ill+1 = ea* tree he may *oose1 &    
:i* may1 p]haps1 conta9 f sixty to a    
hundr$ feet ( timb]1  consid]s x a bad  
speculation1 if "s riv] be n )9 a /one's
  ?r[ ( ! select$ wood3 8 object is to  
lop & b>k z fa/ z he  c1 & !n to laun* !
 tree into ! riv]1 !re to be fa/5$ to   
o!rs1 int5d$ to =m a raft1 or float1    
:i*1 be+ secur$ to a  boat1 may glide   
d[n ) ! curr5t to "s e/abli%$ m>ket4 ,8 
exp5ces are v trifl+2 =1 ) ! exception (
 "s duties1 mo/  injudici\sly impos$1 8 
adv5ture w n co/ m ?an two-p5ce  p]     
foot1 :5 arriv$ at ! place ( de/9ation2 
:]e x may  commonly be sold1 )\t risk or
 delay1 = full ?ree times t sum4  ,few  
saul-timb]s measur+ a ton1 or ev5 a     
load1 7i4e4 =ty1 or  fifty1 cubic feet17
 /& ! own] 9 m ?an ?ree rupees :5  l&$  
at ,patna2 :]e su* always meet ) a v    
ready sale1 9 :ole  rafts1 at n9e1 t51 &
 sometimes up to fifte51 rupees p] /ick1

 7or  timb]27 & ?is1 not)/&+ ! numb] (  
competitors 9 !  trade4 ,^? competitors 
r>ely prove injuri\s to ea* o!r1 :ile   
!y r5d] great s]vice to ! public1 by    
prev5t+ ! :ole trade  f fall+ into a few
 h&s4 ,?us1 ! prices ( saul-timb] are n 
only kept d[n1 b1 9 g5]al1 ow+ to       
occasional gluts1 season$  timb]s may   
be1 to any am\nt1 pur*as$ at ! sev]al   
ghauts1 or  :>fs4    ,! mode ( float+   
timb] be+ s v diff]5t f t 9 use  ) u1 ,i
 (f] a description ( x1 "u ! hope ( its 
af=d+ at  lea/ "s v>iety1 if n "s useful
 in=mation4 ,a common pulw>1  7or       
paun*way17 ( p]haps ?irty feet 9 l5g?1 &
 six or sev5 9  wid?1 is equipp$ ) two  
/icks ( saul1 say =ty feet long1 &  two 
feet 9 gir?3 ^! are plac$ across h]     
gunwales1 at "r angles  ) h] l5g?1 &    
ab\t six feet f h] c5tre1 & v firmly    
la%$ d[n4 ,! boat1 be+ 9 ab\t ?ree feet 
wat]1 has a tree  br\ght up to ea* ( h] 
sides1 :]e !y are respectively la%$ to  
! cross timb]s1 & ?us1 9 succession1    
until %e is judg$  incapable ( receiv+ m

 bur!n4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! boat1 a small    
cab9 is g5]ally made1 ei!r ( ?at*1 or ( 
ar*$ bamboo la?s1  cov]$ ) durmah mats3 
9 ?is ! crew are %elt]$ at night4 ,x  is
 highly exp$i5t to avoid laun*+ su*     
rafts :5 ! riv] is at  ! fulle/1 or !   
curr5t any way prone to deviate f !     
deepe/  *annels1 z x mu/ d 9 great      
floods1 on acc\nt ( ! wat]s  f9d+1 = a  
:ile1 passages along holl[s among ! inl&
 p>ts2  t is1 beyond _! limits 9 ord9>y 
seasons4 ,:5 a float ( timb]  once gets 
ov] ! riv]'s bank1 x mu/ be ! result (  
great good  =tune1 if ! *annel is ev]   
rega9$4 ,h5ce1 :5 ! wat]s are  fall+1 x 
is common to see v l>ge p9naces1        
budjr[s1 & boats  ( bur!n1 left ^u "s   
s&1 on :i* !y _h /ruck1 b :i* !  rapid  
ebb+ ( ! floods prev5t$ !m f quitt+6 ,9 
su* cases1  "s are all[$ to rema9 until 
! ensu+ ye>1 :5 ! floods lift  !m2 o!rs 
are unlad51 &1 by means ( ! jo9t ef=ts (
 hundr$s  ( villag]s1 are pu%$ along !  
s&s to ! deep wat]2 :ile ^?  :i* appe>  
unequal to su* a sev]e op]ation1 are    

g5]ally brok5  up1 & sold = v>i\s       
purposes4    ,:5 a float ( timb] becomes
 ?us situat$1 ! be/ way is to cut !     
ropes ( at lea/ half ! ext]ior /icks on 
ea* side1 & s to  light5 ! boat1 t %e   
may be c>ri$ into a dep? suit$ to       
receiv+ !m aga93 b ?is op]ation1 :i*1 on
 pap]1 appe>s v  simple1 requires great 
ex]tion1 & no less despat*2 z ! /r5g?  (
 ! curr5t1 :i* (t5 runs six or sev5     
miles )9 ! h\r1  r5d]s x extremely      
difficult to manage su* imm5se logs2    
especially  z !y are v apt to s9k into !
 s&s4 ,we commonly see sev]al  floats 9 
company1 proce$+1 :5 ! rea*es are       
/raight1 & !  wat]s deep1 ) great       
regul>ity2 ! boatm51 9 su* situations1  
hav+ little to d1 sit smok+ _! n]eauls1 
) great composure3  sometimes a sail is 
hoi/$1 b1 = ! mo/ "p1 x is deem$        
exp$i5t to *eck1 r ?an to accel]ate1 !  
progress4 ,almo/  e float1 or1 at lea/1 
e company ( floats1 has a canoe atta*$  
to x2 :i*1 9 d\btful wat]s1 prec$es1 &  
directs ! m5 9  *>ge ( ! respective     

vessels1 :o1 by means ( luggies1 7or    
bamboo-poles1 f tw5ty ev5 to fifty feet 
9 l5g?17 f5d (f !  floats f banks1 or   
guide !m along ! deep wat]3 )\t su*     
pilotage1 !y w\ld be 9 p]petual dang] ( 
gr\nd+1 !  inconv5i5ces ( :i* are1 z    
above %ewn1 by no means inconsid]able4  
,floats ( timb] _c well come to an      
an*or1 except 9 v /ill  wat]2 h5ce1 !y  
are usually br\ght-to "u /eep banks1 :]e
 !re  is great dep?2 & :]e1 9 case !    
riv] %\ld fall dur+ !  night1 !y w\ld n 
be left high & dry4    ,! greate/ dang] 
to :i* a timb] float c be expos$1 is t (
  runn+ ^u a sunk5 tree1 :i*1 hav+ be5  
wa%$ away1 by ! bank  :]eon x /ood be+  
und]m9$ by ! /rong curr5ts1 is hurl$    
away  into deep wat]1 :]e x probably    
lies expos$ to view = ! fir/  ye>4 ,dur+
 ! hot season1 :5 ! wat]s are l[1 !     
b\ghs are  (t5 cut away by p]sons 9 want
 ( fuel2 or1 p]haps1 !y are torn  (f by 
! succe$+ ra9s1 s f> z to cause _! be+  
conceal$ a  foot or two "u ! surface4   
,:5 ?us situat$1 !y ?r[ up a deal  (    

wat]1 s t _! locality may be asc]ta9$ at
 "s di/ance2  b1 ow+ to heavy mi/s1 &   
especially to cl\ds ( s&1 !y  frequ5tly 
are n discov]$ by ! boatm51 until x     
becomes  impossible to avoid !m4    ,if 
! pulw>1 i4e4 ! support+ boat1 /rikes ^u
 "o ( !  bran*es1 h] bottom w infallibly
 be /av$ 92 &1 9 all  probability1 !    
imm5se body ( wat] be>+ ^u ! timb]s1 w  
ei!r te> !m away f ! pulw>1 or c>ry (f  
h] upp] works1  leav+ h] bottom         
entangl$4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! situation ( ! 
boatm5 becomes highly critical2 b1 z !y 
g5]ally are exp]t  swimm]s1 7?\gh1      
/range to say1 "s d&ies1 h1 l ,fal/aff1 
#8a wond]ful alacrity at s9k+1'7 few are
 dr[n$ on su* occasions4  ,! timb]s1    
h[ev]1 r>ely fail to f9d ! bottom1 s    
soon z _!  buoyant companion is wreck$4 
,! great numb] ( trees ?us imm]s$1 "s ( 
:i* equal our l>ge/  oaks1 r5d] x       
extremely dang]\s to g d[n ) ! /ream    
dur+  ! night3 9 "s /rong wat]s1 su*    
imp$im5ts are num]\s1 &  r5d] !         
navigation v haz>d\s1 ev5 dur+ ! day "t2

  especially %\ld a goon1 or track rope1
 give way j aft] gett+ a  boat above !m2
 :5 ?is mis=tune happ5s1 ! *ances (     
escape are  comp>atively small inde$4   
,:5 boats1 heavily lad51 /rike ^u a     
tree1 !y sometimes g to  pieces1 9      
consequ5ce ( ! wat]'s rapidity2 b1 :5 s 
entangl$  z to be pi]c$ 9 sev]al p>ts1  
!y v g5]ally rema9 entire1  pres5t+1 z !
 wat]s subside1 ! v curi\s spectacle ( a
  vessel1 p]haps c>ry+ twelve or fifte5 
hundr$ maunds1 sitt+1 z  x 71 among !   
b\ghs1 (t5 t5 or twelve feet above !    
surface (  ! /ream4 ,x is by no means   
unusual1 9 ! c\rse ( a week's  travell+1
 to see "o1 or m1 ( ^! disa/r\s         
elevations2 m  especially ab\t ! mon? ( 
,octob]4 ,! mis=tune is1 t1 ?\gh  ! c>go
 may1 p]haps1 be sav$1 if n ( a p]i%able
 nature1 su* z  sug>1 salt-petre1 c42   
yet1 t ! vessel1 h[ev] exp$iti\sly      
empti$1 c nev] be got (f2 consequ5tly1  
%e mu/ be brok5 up4    ,) respect to !  
prices ( saul timb]s1 we g5]ally f9d !m 
to  be ne>ly ! same1 ye> aft] ye>1 at ! 

same places2 provid$ a  suffici5t numb]1
 b n a great glut1 %\ld arrive )9 !     
prop]  season4 ,on an av]age1 ne>       
,patna1 ! cubic foot w co/ ab\t         
sixp5ce1 at ,moor%adabad1 ab\t a %ill+1 
&1 at ,calcutta1 ab\t two  %ill+s1 or   
ev5 half-a-cr[n4 ,an extra price is1 (  
c\rse1 put on  timb]s ( sup]ior         
dim5sions1 :ile ! small] k9ds1 call$    
bautties1 :i* r>ely conta9 m ?an eight  
or t5 feet1 are1 9 an  opposite degree1 
depreciat$4 ,! saul is a v solid wood1  
at lea/  equally s z elm1 b has n its   
pliancy1 nor is x q s apt to  split3 its
 gra9 usually runs tol]ably ev52 x is   
likewise heavy1 yet  by no means s      
pond]\s z teak3 bo?1 l _m ( our firm]   
woods1  s9k 9 fre% wat]4    ,9 ! upp]   
prov9ces1 "s v f9e oak timb]s are       
occasionally to  be se53 ^! are *iefly (
 a peculi> k9d1 ne>ly approa*+ to       
*ocolate color1 extremely difficult to  
cut up1 &1 consequ5tly1 v  heavy3 ?is   
la/ *>act]i/ic gives !m ! "n ( seesah1  
or1  lead-wood4 ,! prices ( ^! trees1   

:i* g5]ally measure ab\t !  same z !    
saul1 f ! same =e/s1 7namely1 f !       
neighb\rhood ( ,peelabeet17 r exce$ ^? (
 ! latt]  description2 & w\ld probably  
be greatly enhanc$1 if ! natives  /ood 9
 ne$ ( su* v sub/antial wood = any ( _! 
build+s1  or manufactures4 ,! fact is1 t
 ! c>p5t]s g5]ally endeavor to  dissuade
 _! employ]s f pur*as+ oak1 by repres5t+
 x z  subject to _m defects2 ?\gh ! true
 reason is1 t its h>dness  infallibly   
causes m gr9d+ (1 ?an work+ )1 _! tools2
  :i* are almo/ always ei!r too mu*1 or 
too little temp]$4 ,at  ,futty-,ghur1   
saul timb]s commonly sell = full        
eighte5-p5ce !  foot1 & oaks = ab\t two 
%ill+s4 ,i recollect buy+ "s ( !  =m]1 t
 measur$ ?irty feet 9 l5g?1 ) an av]age 
squ>+ (  f\rte5 in*es1 = tw5ty-eight    
rupees ea*2 & oaks ( ! same  dim5sions1 
or ne>ly s1 at ?irty-five3 b wood 0 !n  
extremely  sc>ce1 & at full tw5ty p]    
c5t4 above ! ord9>y rates4    ,! great  
aptness ( saul-wood to w>p1 we %\ld     
suppose1 might h  favor$ ! importation (

 oak1 not)/&+ ! outcry aga9/ its  fl9ty 
h>dness3 & su* w\ld d\btless h be5 !    
case1 _h n  ano!r k9d ( wood1 possess+ a
 v f9e gra91 & r  h&somely ve9$1 be5    
abundant4 ,?is1 :i* is call$ ! sissoo1  
gr[s 9 mo/ ( ! great =e/s1 int]mix$ ) ! 
saul2 b1 9  lieu ( t[]+ up ) a /raight  
/em1 seems p>tial to crook$  =ms1 su* z 
suit x admirably = ! knees ( %ips1 & =  
su*  p>ts z require ! gra9 to foll[ "s  
p>ticul> curve4 ,?is wood is  extremely 
h>d1 & heavy1 ( a d>k br[n1 incl9+ to a 
purple t9t  :5 poli%$2 aft] be+ prop]ly 
season$1 x r>ely cracks1 or  w>ps2 nor  
is x s subject z saul to be de/roy$ by  
ei!r  :ite-ants1 or riv]-worms4 ,!      
dome/ic uses ( sissoo are *iefly  conf9$
 to ! con/ruction ( furniture1          
especially *airs1 tables1  tepoys1 7or  
tripods17 bureaus1 book-cases1          
ecritoires1 c4 c4 = all  :i* purposes x 
is peculi>ly appropriate1 ) ! exception 
( its  be+ v pond]\s4 ,?is objection is1
 h[ev]1 c\nt]-balanc$ by  its great     
durability1 & by ! extraord9>y t\ghness 

( ! t5ons1  dovetails1 c4 necess>ily    
made by ! cab9et-mak]1 or jo9]4  ,sissoo
 is1 ( late1 m employ$ ?an =m]ly = !    
frame1 ribs1  knees1 c4 ( %ips1         
especially ^? ( great bur!n3 = su*1 x is
  f\nd to be fully z t\gh & z durable z 
! be/ oak4 ,:5 timb]s  c be _h ( ?is    
wood long en\gh = ! purpose1 x is (t5   
appli$  = b5ds1 &1 inde$1 = a portion ( 
! plank+1 or cas+2 b x  is v r>ely t a  
plank ( t5 feet c be _h free f curve4   
,?\gh admirably suit$ = /]n & head-"w1 x
 is nei!r long  en\gh = keels 9 g5]al1  
nor suffici5tly uni=m 9 its diamet]  = !
 supply ( /]n-po/s4 ,"s sissoo-trees gr[
 to a great  weight2 b1 unluckily1 !    
devi\s directions ( _! b\ghs r5d] x     
necess>y to lop !m away = m9or purposes3
 if1 in/ead ( divid+  into sev]al l>ge  
bran*es1 at p]haps only t5 or twelve    
feet f !  gr\nd1 "o l>ge /em 7 to rise1 
h[ev] crook$1 to d\ble t  height1 !re   
w\ld be a great encrease ( sub/ance2 z x
 is1 h[ev]1  we may acc\nt x an excell5t
 timb] inde$ t measures a ton 7i4e4  =ty

 cubic feet74    ,?is inconv5i5ce is    
greatly augm5t$ by ! slov5ly mann] 9 :i*
  trees are fell$ ?r\gh\t ,india4 ,!re1 
x is common to see ! axe  7= no saws are
 us$ on su* occasions7 laid to ! /em (t5
 at a  y>d or m f ! soil2 :ile1 at !    
same "t1 full a cubit 9  dep? is de/roy$
 9 wid5+ ! orifice1 s z to p5etrate into
 !  he>t3 ?is creates consid]able loss1 
:i* is frequ5tly r5d]$  /ill great] by !
 irregul> mann] 9 :i* ! butt r5ds :5 9  
! act ( quitt+ ! root1 or /ool4 ,if ?is 
wood 7 m sc>ce1  probably great] pa9s   
w\ld be tak5 to make ! mo/ ( its l5g?2 z
  x is1 we see1 t1 ev5 ^? %ip-build]s :o
 occasionally s5d  _! ag5ts into !      
,morungs1 or great =e/s to ! nor? (     
,bah> & ,purneah1 all[ ! same loss to   
take place2 ?us  disqualify+ ! timb]s f 
m g5]al1 z well z m important1          
adaptation4 ,! price ( sissoo1 = ! mo/  
"p1 runs ab\t  tw5ty-five1 or ev5 to =ty
 p] c5t4 above t ( saul2 b1 9  _m       
places1 up ! c\ntry especially1 :]e     
naval ar*itecture is n  9 view1 _!      

values are g5]ally ab\t equal4 ,9 su*   
situations1 x  is less an object (      
import2 s9ce its utility is greatly     
circumscrib$1  &1 9 a great v>iety (    
in/ances1 sup]s$$1 by ! baubool1 7a     
species ( mimosa1 g5]ally gr[+ wild17 ^:
 crook$ billets are  des]v$ly 9 great   
e/imation1 & ^: b>k is consid]$ to be1  
if  any ?+1 sup]ior to t ( oak = !      
tann]s' use4    ,i %\ld h rem>k$1 t1 9  
"s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 especially  along ! 
we/]n fronti]1 a small k9d ( saul gr[s  
wild3 ?is  r>ely exce$s six in*es 9     
diamet]1 & is commonly us$ entire1 9    
lieu ( bamboos1 = enclosures1 raft]s (  
bungal[s1 c4 ,x is v  peculi> t ?is wood
 _c be tru/$ = any l5g? ( "t1 ev5  "u a 
?at*2 x be+ subject to ! depr$ations ( a
 v small  insect1 call$ ! g'hoon1 :i*   
p]=ates x 9 a ?\s& places1  deposit+ its
 eggs1 :i* are v num]\s1 & absolutely   
r5d]+  ! raft] a m]e honey-comb4 ,dur+ !
 day1 ^! mis*iev\s little  devils are   
commonly quiet1 b1 aft] night-fall1 :5  
all else is  /ill1 may be he>d 9 e      

qu>t]6 ,a p]son unaccu/om$ to !  s\nds1 
w\ld suppose t a v heavy %[] ( hail 7   
fall+ on  ! ?at*4 ,9 ! c\rse ( two or   
?ree seasons1 sometimes 9 mu*  less1 !  
raft]s w be f\nd to give way2 on        
exam9ation1 !y appe>  z ?\gh pi]c$ )    
l>ge awls2 &1 :5 /ruck =cibly ) a       
hamm]1 yield a cl\d ( yell[i% p[d]1     
result+ no d\bt f !  labors ( !         
multitude ( inhabitants4 ,! g'hoon1 :i* 
r>ely  exce$s ! six? ( an in* 9 l5g?1 is
 ( a *ocolate color1 v  h>d ab\t ! head1
 has firm ext]ior coats ov] its w+s1 &  
t]m9ates abruptly beh9d1 giv+ ! exact   
appe>ance ( its rump  hav+ be5 burnt (f4
 ,^? timb]s :i* are us$ imm$iately aft] 
be+ fell$1 z usually happ5s1 are c]ta9ly
 ! fir/ to be attack$  by ! g'hoon2 b1 s
 f> z my own obs]vations w5t1 & accord+ 
to ! exp]i5ce ( two ye>s1 9 a qu>t] :]e 
we us$ sc>cely any  o!r k9d ( wood =    
raft]s1 ev5 a ye>'s season+ did n af=d  
security aga9/1 ?\gh x obvi\sly ret>d$1 
_! attacks4 ,possibly1  if all ( ?is    
description ( saul trees int5d$ =       

raft]s1 7 to  be imm]s$ 9 "s ( ! v      
num]\s puddles e :]e ab\nd+  9 _!       
vic9ity1 & ( :i* a great majority are   
/rongly  impregnat$ ) m9]als1 p>ticul>ly
 iron1 copp]1 & sulphur1 !  g'hoons     
might be altoge!r repell$3 ! imm]sion   
%\ld cont9ue  = a ye> or two2 ! trees   
be+ previ\sly all[$ to season  /&+1 by  
cutt+ away a circle ( b>k1 ab\t six     
in*es wide1 ne>  ! gr\nd1 t ! fl[ ( sap 
might be discont9u$4 ,we f9d no mode  to
 answ] s well z ?is = our climate2 9    
,india1 ! advantages  w\ld be /ill m    
ext5sive1 9 consequ5ce ( ! regul>ity1 & 
p>ticul> effects ( ! ?ree great seasons1
 into :i* ! ye> is  !re naturally       
divid$4 ,x is curi\s1 b true1 t ! g'hoon
 acts  less ^u su* timb]s z h be5 squ>$1
 ?an on su* z h only  be5 depriv$ ( _!  
b>k2 &1 t 9 ! l>ge species ( saul1  t   
is1 su* z is us$ 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! c\ntry =
 great  build+s1 c41 x ei!r is unable1  
or n dispos$1 to burr[4    ,int]mix$ ) !
 small] species ( saul1 ?\gh by no means
  abundant1 we f9d ano!r tree1 be>+1 9  

common ) ! oak1 !  designation ( seesah2
 & t1 too1 ow+ to ! great specific      
gravity ( its wood3 ?is1 h[ev]1 does n  
gr[ to any size1 b  appe>s admirably    
suit$ to _m ( ^? purposes = :i* lignum  
vit1 & ebony1 are n[ us$4    ,9 ! same  
jungles ) ! =ego+1 a mo/ rem>kable tree 
is  sometimes f\nd1 ( :i* ! int]ior is (
 a v d>k color1 ne>ly  approa*+ to      
black3 h5ce1 ! natives call x ! #8c[ah' 
7or  #8cr[-tree'72 b1 f ! h>dness ( its 
wood1 x c]ta9ly might1  ) propriety1 be 
t]m$ ! #8iron-tree4' ,! c>p5t]s seem to 
view  x mu* 9 ! same light ) ! black-oak
 ( ,peelabeet2 &1  d\btless1 tremble =  
_! tools1 :5ev] ! c[ah is to become     
subject to _! labors4    ,al?\gh su*    
bungal[s z are built ) a view to        
duration1 are  sometimes built ( ! be/  
mat]ials1 & h e "p ( _!  ro(s su/a9$ by 
raft]s ( ! be/ saul1 by f> ! majority ( 
su* build+s1 & ne>ly all at ! milit>y   
/ations1 are con/ruct$  on a mu* *eap]  
scale1 hav+ only mango-wood raft]s1     
door-plates1  c4 ,! great abundance (   

mango trees1 add$ to _! be+ easily      
work$1 & _! gr[+ 9 g5]al ) /ems         
suffici5tly /raight to  furni% beams1 ( 
p]haps two feet squ>e1 & f fifte5 to    
?irty  feet long1 give !m a decid$      
pref]5ce ov] e o!r k9d ( wood  br\ght f 
any di/ance4 ,=m]ly1 a g5tleman c\ld s5d
 out 8  s]vant1 ) wood-cutt]s1 sawy]s1  
c41 to fell :atev] trees might  be f\nd 
suitable to 8 int5tions1 )\t any        
que/ions be+ ask$2  b ( late1 &         
especially s9ce ! introduction ( !      
,mocurr]y  settlem5t1 7:i* w be h]eaft] 
expla9$17 ! zem9d>s1 7or  l&-hold]s17 & 
! raiuts1 7or peasants17 h set a value  
^u  e twig t gr[s1 & inv>iably dem& f "o
 to f\r rupees1  = su* mango trees z may
 be fell$ = ! use ( any ,european2      
especially 9 ! milit>y4 ,z to a         
,company's civil s]vant1 ei!r !  hope ( 
8 favor1 or ! fe> ( 8 res5tm5t1 g5]ally 
is f\nd to  seal ! m\? ( ! pret5d$      
proprietor ( ! soil2 :o ev5 is  assidu\s
 9 furni%+ workm5 & conveyance on mo/   
occasions ( ?is  description4 ,i mu/    

caution my read]s aga9/ ent]ta9+ any    
s5tim5t unfavorable to ! g5tlem5 allud$ 
to3 ! adulation 9  "q results entirely f
 t s]vile1 abject1 & crafty             
disposition1 = :i* ! zem9d>s are        
notori\s :]e _!  int]e/s are any way    
implicat$4 ,!y judge ( our collectors1  
magi/rates1 c41 z !y w\ld ( _! own2 at  
lea/1 s f> z to  suppose t c\rtesy w    
secure _! good-w2 b1 !y are1 at !  same 
"t1 ?or\ghly s5sible1 t 9 all public1 z 
well z 9 all  private1 int]c\rse1 !     
,company's s]vants act ) ! mo/          
consci5ti\s propriety1 & ) ! mo/        
undeviat+ att5tion to  ju/ice4 ,x matt]s
 n t ?is "* may be repugnant to "s      
pro(s exi/+ ( =m] rapacity1 & extortion2
 :i* may n[ be  deem$ obsolete1 or1 at !
 utmo/1 only exi/+ to su* ext5t z mu/   
be expect$ "u e =m ( gov]nm5t1 & among e
 race (  p1 9 spite ( ! utmo/ vigilance4
    ,! wood ( ! mango is mu* l t ( !    
plane-tree1 b  r m t\gh1 & its fibres r 
co>s]3 nev]!less1 x is 9  v g5]al use = 
raft]s1 door & wall-plates1 frames =    

w9d[s  & doors1 especially ( out-(fices1
 pannell$ & pla9 doors1  floor+s (      
factories1 & dry+-rooms2 likewise = w9e 
*e/s1  indigo boxes1 ro(s ( budjr[s1 & a
 ?\s& o!r purposes1 bo?  ( individual   
conv5i5ce1 & ( m]cantile s]vice4 ,x is1 
h[ev]1  p>ticul>ly subject to !         
:ite-ant2 &1 unless c>efully pres]v$  f 
damp1 w spe$ily decay3 its be+ v light1 
& easy to "w1  are po9ts mu* 9 its      
favor4 ,?\gh we consid] a mango-plank to
 be  at lea/ at p>1 :5 x measures tw5ty 
in*es1 or two feet1 9 wid?1  yet great  
numb]s may be _h1 by rese>*1 ( d\ble t  
bread?4 ,my  c>p5t]s once fell$ a tree1 
:i* prov$ too l>ge = any saw ,i  c\ld   
obta9 9 t qu>t]4    ,sometimes we see v 
old tables made ( mango-wood1 :i*       
exhibit  "s beautiful ve9s1 & acquire a 
sub/antial poli%2 b1 su* c  only att5d a
 v c>eful *oice ( planks1 :i* mu/       
likewise be  season$1 & be work$ to     
great advantage3 o!rwise1 a mango-wood  
table w appe> s+ul>ly co>se & mean4     
,z to ! tree itself1 mu* may be said 9  

its favor1 ?\gh1 ow+ to  ! /iffness ( ! 
leaves1 x _c be t]m$ graceful3 its deep 
gre51 contra/$ ) ! :ite sp9dl+ blossoms1
 7mu* resembl+  ^? ( ! horse-*esnut17 & 
its abundant foliage1 give x a  ri*ness1
 & r5d] x peculi>ly gratify+ to ! eye2  
especially z  x is 9 its greate/ beauty 
dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! hot season1  :5 !    
grass beg9s to p>*1 & ! surface ( ! soil
 *anges f  t agreeable v]dure produc$ by
 ! ra9s1 &1 9 "s degree1  *]i%$ by !    
succe$+ cold mon?s1 to a v sombre       
russet6 ,!  fruit does n run mu* risque 
aft] ! blossoms h once fairly set2      
?\gh1 sometimes1 sev]e blights occur1   
:i* r5d] ! :ole  abortive2 :5 ab\t !    
size ( a v l>ge gooseb]ry1 ! "y  mangoes
 make excell5t pies2 n unlike ^? conta9+
 apples1 b  ) a c]ta9 t]eb9?9ic flavor1 
:i* does n always please 9 !  fir/      
in/ance1 b soon becomes palatable4 ,:5  
ab\t half gr[n1 t  is1 beyond ! size ( a
 l>ge walnut1 !y are 9 good ord] =      
pickl+4 ,?is fruit is also pres]v$ 9    
common mosaul-oil2 9 ?is  in/ance1 !y   

are all[$ to rema9 ab\t a mon? 9 ! v9eg>
  pickle1 be=e !y are imm]s$ 9 ! oil4   
,_m p]sons are v  p>tial to ! pickle ?us
 made2 b1 9 my humble op9ion1 no?+ c  be
 m rank2 especially :5 ! r9ds are n p>$ 
(f4 ,mangoes  likewise make a v ri*     
pres]ve1 provid$ !y are prep>$ be=e  !  
/ones are suff]$ to h>d52 else !y w be v
 fibr\s1 &  cut ) peculi> h>%ness4 ,)   
respect to ! ripe fruit1 x is           
impossible to describe ! flavor2 s9ce1  
ev5 on ! same tree1 v>i\s  k9ds w (t5 be
 f\nd4 ,a /rang] w\ld conclude1 on see+ 
mangoes ( diff]5t colors1 diff]5t sc5ts1
 & diff]5t %apes1  rip5+ on ! same tree1
 t !y _h be5 graft$2 b su* is n  ! fact3
 !re seems to be "s v peculi> prop]ty1 t
 causes x  to %oot out ) su* diff]5t    
be>+s1 :i* rema9 on di/9ct  b\ghs2 z    
?\gh ! tree 7 compos$ ( v>i\s twigs1 all
  proce$+ f ! same /em4 ,:at c be said (
 a fruit v>y+ 9  flavor1 f ! f9e/       
apricot1 d[n to a v bad c>rot8 ,su*1    
h[ev]1 is kn[n to be common3 x is true1 
t1 = ! mo/ "p1 !  :ole crop ( a tree w  

be pretty simil>1 bo? 9 %ape1 & flavor2 
b su* is n always ! case4 ,z = ! produce
 ( trees result+  f ! k]nels ( ! same   
k9d ( mango1 t is q a lott]y2  =1 l     
potatoes rais$ f se$1 !re w g5]ally be  
f\nd a  great v>iety4    ,! ,*9ese h    
produc$ consid]able amelioration 9      
mangoes1 by a  v simple process4 ,!y    
select "s heal?y bran*es on a good tree1
  &1 hav+ prick$ ! b>k ?r\gh ) a %>p    
awl1 surr\nd ! "p  ) a lump ( wet clay1 
or loam2 :i* !y secure by means ( a     
piece  ( canvas1 b\nd lightly ) hemp5   
b&s4 ,above ea* "p ?us  treat$1 a l>ge  
pot ( wat] is susp5d$1 hav+ 9 its bottom
 a small  hole2 :i*1 be+ p>tially /opp$ 
) a piece ( rag1 all[s !  wat] to drip1 
:]eby ! clay is kept con/antly moi/4 ,9 
ab\t ?ree  mon?s1 small fibres %oot out 
?r\gh ! punctur$ b>k2 :i*1 on !  bran*  
be+ cut (f1 & ! canvas be+ remov$1 /rike
 into !  soil1 & become roots4 ,x is    
highly curi\s1 t ! fruit produc$ by     
bran*es ?us treat$1 becomes m fle%y1    
:ile ! /one dim9i%es  consid]ably2 x be+

 m flat1 & r>ely s firm z t ( !  common 
mango4 ,by p]sev]+ 9 ! op]ation1 t is1  
by repeat+  x on ! bran*es ( a tree ?us 
cultivat$1 = "s g5]ations1 !  k]nel     
becomes s r$uc$ z sc>cely to be         
noticeable1 :ile ! sk9  also loses mu* (
 t highly acrid quality1 aris+ f !      
abundance  ( turp5t9e x conta9s4        
,mangoes are peculi>ly /imulant1 r>ely  
fail+ to cause ^? :o  eat ( !m freely to
 break out ) boils ( consid]able size1 &
  (t5 v t$i\s 9 _! cure4 ,x is          
absolutely necess>y to treat  ^! z      
critical abscesses2 =1 7 any repell5t to
 be appli$1  s]i\s consequ5ces w\ld     
inevitably foll[4 ,p]sons lately arriv$ 
9  ! c\ntry1 (t5 dev\r ?is lusci\s      
fruit1 until *eck$ ei!r by a  doz5 or   
two ( ^! mo/ di/ress+ companions1 or1   
p]haps1 9  consequ5ce ( t k9d (         
b[el-compla9t preval5t 9 all hot        
climates1 & :i*1 ?\gh g5]ally n v       
difficult to rem$y :5  prop]ly treat$ 9 
its fir/ /age1 soon turns to dys5t]y1   
c>ry+  (f a l>ge portion ( ^? ^:        

con/itutions are n rem>kably  s\nd4 ,:5 
eat5 9 mod]ation1 mangoes are g5tly     
ap]i5t2 b if1  not)/&+ its acrid ta/e & 
effects1 ! r9d %\ld be  incauti\sly     
swall[$1 ! /oma* w be consid]ably       
disord]$4 ,!  gl&1 or k]nel1 :i* 9 %ape 
is some?+ l a v l>ge1 flat1             
,w9dsor-bean1 is unpleasant to ! palate1
 its flavor be+ v simil>  to t ( !      
acorn4 ,sw9e1 especially ( ! wild       
tribes1 :i* (t5  take %elt]1 dur+ !     
season1 9 topes1 or =e/s1 ( wild        
mangoes1 eat ! entire fruit1 z x falls f
 ! trees1 ) great  avidity1 & ?rive     
amaz+ly4    ,! g5]ality ( mango-topes   
owe _! orig9 to religi\s  in/itutions1  
or to beque/s1 or to *>itable donations4
 ,to plant "o1  x is necess>y t ! l&    
%\ld be pur*as$ 9 fee-simple2 :51  !    
trees be+ set out1 p]haps ?irty feet1 or
 m1 asund]1 9 r[s1  s z to =m regul>    
squ>e int]vals1 ! :ole are f5c$ by means
 (  a deep dit*2 f :i* ! excavat$ soil  
is ?r[n inw>ds1 &  ei!r plant$ )        
baubool1 7mimosa17 or s[n ) t tall k9d  

( grass :i* be>s a v l>ge tassel1 & is  
kn[n by ! "n (  surput3 ( ?is grass     
notice has already be5 tak5 9 describ+ !
  se]ky us$ 9 ?at*+ bungal[s4 ,"s topes 
are end[$ )  small sums = ! purpose (   
ma9ta9+ a prie/1 = :om a  com=table     
resid5ce1 & a sub/antial durgaw1 7or    
temple17 are  erect$4 ,! sale ( ! fruit1
 7:i* g5]ally proves a full crop 9  f\r 
or five ye>s1 ! trees be+ !n z l>ge z a 
well-gr[n  walnut-tree17 furni%es !     
means ( s9k+ a well1 cas$ ) masonry4  ,b
 x is m common = ! p]son :o causes !    
tope to be  plant$1 to s9k ! well also2 
& to celebrate ! m>riage ( !  =m] ) !   
latt]1 9 a mann] suitable to 8 rank or  
prop]ty4 ,on  su* occasions1 ! well1 be+
 suppos$ to possess ! fecundatory  p[]s1
 is consid]$ ! husb&2 ! tope be+ typifi$
 z  fem99e1 by ! fruit x produces4      
,h[ev] mu* we may be dispos$ to  smile  
at a cu/om g5]ally att5d$ ) mu* c]emony1
 & exp5ce1 we  _c b admire its effects2 
:i*1 9 a tropical climate1 are highly   
b5eficial1 bo? to ! we>y travell]1 & to 

! ?ir/y soil4 ,h5ce1  ! sight ( a       
mango-tope is g5]ally att5d$ ) ! mo/    
pleas+  anticipations6    ,al?\gh       
mango-topes ab\nd 9 e "p ( ! l[]        
prov9ces1  _! wood1 except 9 bungal[s1  
is r>ely employ$ 9 ,european            
ar*itecture2 nor d ! natives make mu*   
use ( x z a timb]3 l>ge  quantities are 
e ye> cut up = planks1 int5d$ *iefly = v
  ord9>y purposes1 :]e great /r5g? &    
durability are n  ess5tials4 ,! imm5se  
quantities ( f9e bamboos1 :i* ord9>ily  
gr[ v /raight to ! height ( sixty feet1 
or m1 ?\gh r>ely  measur+ m ?an five    
in*es diamet] ne> ! root1 & gradually   
tap]+ (f z !y asc5d1 supply ! cont5t$   
native ) raft]s1  joi/s1 po/s1 pill>s1  
la?s1 & a great v>iety ( et cet]as1 all 
t5d+ ei!r to 8 %elt]1 or to 8 conv5i5ce4
 ,! ord9>y price  ( ^! invaluable re$s  
7= !y are ( ! arundo tribe7 may be  f   
?ree-p5ce to five-p5ce ea*2 t is1       
g5]ally f sev5 to  twelve = a rupee1    
accord+ to size & dem&4 ,millions ( !m  
are  annually br\ght to ,calcutta1 bo?  

by wat]1 & on hack]ies2 9 !  =m]        
in/ance1 !y1 be+ rem>kably buoyant1 are 
float$ 9 clumps1  or1 p]haps1 are made  
into rafts1 on :i* boossah1 7or *aff17 &
  ev5 corn1 are lad52 or !y are ti$ to !
 sides ( v l>ge boats1  :i* also c>ry f 
five hundr$1 to z _m ?\s&s1 z a c>go4   
,! buoyancy ( ! bamboo is occasion$ z   
mu* by its v>i\s cells1  z by !         
lightness ( its wood4 ,^! cells1 9 a    
common siz$ bamboo1  may be ab\t ?ree   
qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet] 9 ^? jo9ts t  
are ne> ! roots2 :]e ! wood is f> m     
solid & compact ?an 9  ! upp] p>ts1     
t[>ds :i* ! cells become gradually wid]1
 & !  jo9ts long]2 ?us r$uc+ ! sub/ance 
( ! bamboo v  consid]ably1 z we f9d to  
be ! case ) re$s 9 g5]al4 ,?is  v>iety 9
 ! sev]al p>ts af=ds consid]able        
conv5i5ce1 _!  allotm5t be+ made accord+
 z ! "w may require m or less  sub/ance2
 &1 z ! :ole bamboo may be split1 l     
:ale-bone1 f  top to bottom1 )\t mu*    
ex]tion1 scope is af=d$ = apply+ x1  )  
great promptness1 to an inf9ite v>iety (

 purposes4    ,9 _! :ole /ate1 bamboos  
are us$1 n only = raft]s 9 !            
con/ruction ( bungal[s1 b z y>ds = !    
sails ( ! common  c\ntry craft2         
sometimes ^? ( extraord9>y size are     
select$ =  top-gallant /udd+-sail booms1
 9 vessels n exce$+ f\r or five  hundr$ 
tons3 _! imm5se /r5g? qualify+ !m       
admirably = t  situation4 ,! small] op5 
boats1 ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/1 are g5]ally      
fitt$ ) bamboo ma/s1 select$ f ! l[] "p 
( ! re$1 !  upp] be+ m suit$1 by its    
lightness1 to be employ$ z y>ds3  ?us1 =
 ?ree-p5ce1 a boat ( ab\t f\r or five   
tons may be  furni%$1 f ! same bamboo1 )
 bo? ma/ & y>d4 ,9 vessels (  great]    
bur!n1 two or m1 ev5 up to a doz51 (    
bamboos1 are la%$  toge!r ar\nd a /\t   
piece ( wood1 :i*1 pass+ ?r\gh !  ?at*1 
fits into a /ep on ! vessel's bottom1 & 
is well secur$ by  *ocks & la%+s 9 v>i\s
 places4 ,?is /ick1 :i* s]ves z !  base 
( ! ma/1 may be ab\t fifte5 feet long1 &
 n9e or t5 in*es  diamet]3 x is commonly
 left 9 a v r\gh /ate1 t ! bamboos  :i* 

are to surr\nd x may be m firmly held 9 
_! places4 ,9  ?is mann] ! ma/ is run   
up1 probably to ! height ( =ty or fifty 
feet1 accord+ to ! vessel's bur!n1 & at 
e two or ?ree feet  is b\nd by cords    
made ( :ite hemp4 ,! position ( ?is     
awkw>d-look+ pile is ma9ta9$ by /ays    
innum]able2 _m ( :i*1  be+ all[$ to po9t
 =w>d1 be=e ! l9e ( ! ma/'s  p]p5dicul>1
 ob/ruct ! brac+ ( ! y>d v consid]ably4 
,!  /r5g? ( t y>d mu/ be proportion$ to 
! sail2 sometimes "o  well-select$      
bamboo may suffice1 b 9 vessels ( great 
bulk1 say f  sixty to n9ety tons1 two1  
or ev5 ?ree1 /\t bamboos are f\nd       
requisite4    ,! sail is usually made ( 
a v co>se k9d ( canvas1 con/ruct$ (  a v
 indiff]5t k9d ( hemp1 g5]ally us$ =    
rice bags1 c41 &  kn[n by ! "n ( gunny3 
ea* piece may measure six or sev5 feet  
by ?irty in*es2 consequ5tly1 !          
innum]able jo9+s made 9 a l>ge  sail1   
(f] a v ready means = ! w9d's escape4   
,blacky is n  v p>ticul> 9 ?is respect2 
) him1 a sail is a sail1 s long z  a bit

 rema9s adequate to giv+ ! vessel way   
?r\gh /ill wat]s4    ,x w naturally be  
ask$1 #8,:y is su* mis]able tackl+ 9    
use8' ,!  reasons are1 fir/ly1 because !
 native own] ( a vessel w n g  to "o    
f>?+ exp5ce beyond :at may be           
indisp5sably necess>y1  h[ev] clumsy1 or
 subject to mi%ap1 to set 8 vessel      
afloat1 & to  h h]1 z he ?9ks1 ready =  
dep>ture4 ,secondly1 ! mat]ials  are    
probably ( 8 own gr[?1 or he deals 9 !m1
 or1 :i* is (t5  ! sole motive1 he f9ds 
!m1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 by f> *eap]  ?an m
 sub/antial mat]ials2 &1 ?irdly1 ev5 if 
o!r mat]ials  ( a bett] quality1 & 9 e  
in/ance m appropriate1 7 to be  _h = !  
same money1 he w\ld n v readily deviate 
f !  cu/oms ( 8 ance/ors4 ,7 a vessel   
fitt$ up on ,european pr9ciples  to be  
wreck$1 ! :ole family w\ld impute !     
accid5t to ! s9  eng5d]$ by su* adoption
 ( ! cu/oms ( a race held 9 abom9ation  
by ev5 ! l[e/ ca/s1 7or sects17 ?r\gh\t 
! c\ntry4  ,nev]!less1 we sometimes see 
! manjy & d&ies griev\sly put  out ( _! 

way1 by "s %rewd native1 :o resolutely  
breaks ?r\gh  ! g5]al prejudice1 &      
imitates t :i* 8 faculties conv9ce  him 
is f\nd$ ^u sci5ce4 ,n t he w und]/& !  
h[1 &  ! :]e=e3 no2 he sees ! practice  
is good1 & he adopts x3  :]eas1 if any  
regulation 7 to be fram$ to en=ce 8     
compliance  ) our sy/em1 9 t1 or 9 any  
o!r p>ticul>1 we %\ld  assur$ly witness 
8 rec$+1 if possible1 f e idea (        
improvem5t2 or1 if "u ! necessity (     
con=m+1 t 8 :ole  deportm5t w\ld betray 
! reluctance1 & antipa?y1 he felt on !  
occasion4    ,may n ?is trait 9 ! "* (  
,asiatics 9 g5]al1 s]ve z a  h9t to ^?  
:o talk ( co]c+ !m to ! adoption (      
,*ri/ianity8  ,may x n %ew t mu* may be 
done by suavit] 9 modo1 provid$ we      
temp] ! =tit] 9 re8--,c]ta9ly6          
,exclusive ( ! bamboo1 ! natives h an   
ample res\rce = raft]s1  z well z = po/s
 & pill>s1 9 ! cocoa-nut tree1 :i* gr[s1
 x  may be said wild1 ?r\gh\t ^? p>ts )9
 rea* ei!r ( !  sea-wat]1 or ( !        
sea-air4 ,n t x is absolutely conf9$ to 

su*  situations2 b1 9 proportion z ^?   
are remov$1 s does ! natural  gr[? ( ?is
 tree gradually dim9i%2 giv+ way to !   
taul1 7or  fan-leaf$ palm17 :i*1 ?\gh   
less umbrage\s1 &1 9 _m in/ances1  less 
useful1 atta9s a great height1 &        
furni%es a mu* l>g]  quantity ( wood4 ,9
 g5]al1 few ,b5gallees w cut d[n a      
n]eaul1 7or cocoa-nut tree17 :i*        
supplies !m ) s _m  requisites4 ,?us1 ! 
out] coat+1 :i* (t5 weighs f "o to two  
p\nds1 :5 /ripp$ (f longitud9ally1      
furni%es ^? fibres call$  coir1 :]e( bo?
 small rigg+ & cables are made4 ,?is k9d
 (  rope is p>ticul>ly ela/ic1 &        
buoyant2 float+ on ! surface (  ! sea1  
to any ext5t2 !re=e1 :51 ow+ to ! /r5g? 
( !  curr5t1 a boat misses a %ip1 x is  
usual to ve] out a quantity (  coir2    
hav+ previ\sly fa/5$ an o>1 or a small  
cask1 c4 to its  end3 by ?is device1 !  
boat may be easily enabl$ to haul up to 
!  %ip's /]n4    ,i %\ld ?9k1 t1 7 a    
coir haws] kept on bo>d e %ip 9  !      
,briti% m>9e1 a great numb] ( lives w\ld

 be sav$4 ,x is1  h[ev]1 peculi>1 t fre%
 wat] rots coir 9 a v %ort "t2  corrod+ 
x 9 a mo/ unacc\ntable mann]2 :]eas salt
 wat]  absolutely invigorates2 seem+ to 
af=d additional ela/icity4 ,?is  %ews t 
coir is by no means fit to be us$ 9     
runn+ rigg+1 nor  z %r\d-haws]s1 c41    
especially = vessels subject to approa* 
l[  latitudes2 x be+ easily snapp$ 9    
fro/y wea!r4    ,no?+ c equal ! ease )  
:i* a %ip rides at an*or :5 h]  cables  
are ( coir3 z ! surges approa* ! b[s1 ! 
vessel  gradually rec$es1 9 consequ5ce (
 ! cable yield+ to _! =ce2  b1 s soon z 
!y h pass$1 x contracts aga91 draw+ !   
vessel  g5tly back to h] fir/ position4 
,! lightness ( ! mat]ial  d\btless adds 
to ?is pleas+ effect2 = ! cable w\ld    
float1 7  n ! an*or suffici5tly heavy to
 keep x p]fectly d[n4 ,x is to be       
rem>k$1 t a hemp5-cable always makes a  
curve d[nw>ds1 betwe5  ! vessel & !     
an*or1 b a coir cable makes a curve     
upw>ds3  !re=e1 if a "r l9e 7 drawn f ! 
hawse-hole1 to ! r+  ( ! an*or1 x w\ld  

be some?+ l ! axis ( a p>abolic  sp9dle2
 ( :i* ! cables w\ld =m ! two elliptic  
segm5ts1 or  ne>ly s4    ,a v           
consid]able trade is c>ri$ on1 f all    
p>ts ( ,india1 )  ! ,maldivies1 &       
,se*elles1 7v num]\s clu/]s ( isl&s ne> 
! we/ coa/ ( ! p59sula17 = coir &       
c[ries2 ! latt]  be+ us$ = inf]ior      
curr5cy1 :ile ! =m] is greatly          
appreciat$1 on acc\nt ( ! fibres be+ mu*
 l>g]1 & firm]1  ?an ^? gr[n ^u !       
cont95t4 ,n only ! isl&s above nam$1  b 
all )9 ! ,indian seas1 ab\nd ) !        
cocoa-nut tree2 :i*1  9 _m ( !m1 /&     
absolutely 9 ! wat]4 ,^! owe _! orig9   
to ! gr[? ( su* nuts z1 hav+ be5 bl[n   
d[n1 or dropp$1 :5  ripe1 are buri$ 9 ! 
s&s2 above :i* _! acrospires soon appe>1
  :5 ! tree %oots up ) great] vigor ?an 
its inl& competitors4  ,x is said1 t1   
ab\t a hundr$ & fifty ye>s back1 !      
,se*elles  & ,maldivies 7 kn[n only z   
conceal$ s&s1 highly dang]\s to  !      
navigator2 & t1 aft] !y _h1 by ! action 
( ! sea1  accumulat$ s z to become      

sup]ficial1 a vessel lad5 ) cocoa-nuts  
0 wreck$ ^u "o ( ^! banks1 :i* spe$ily  
?rew up :ole  =e/s ( t tree1 9          
consequ5ce ( ! se$ ?us furni%$3 o!rs    
attribute ! fir/ supply to ! adv5titi\s 
float+ ( nuts f !  ,malab> coa/4 ,no?+  
appe>s to discr$it ei!r ( ! acc\nts2 b  
! =m] appe>s by f> ! mo/ probable4 ,be x
 "o way or ! o!r1  we n[ f9d t ! isl&s 9
 "q n only produce imm5se  =e/s (       
cocoas1 b1 t !y are inhabit$ by a p1    
gov]n$  mu* 9 ! same way z ! o!r        
,arabian isl&s1 7= su* we may call  ^!1 
z well z ,johanna1 ,comora1 ,succotra1  
c427 & ^: comm]cial  relations may be   
said to consi/ ( coir & c[ries1 b>t]$ ) 
_! neighb\rs ( ! p59sula1 & ! ,arabs (  
,museat1 c41 =  cotton-clo?s1 rice1     
sug>1 c4 ,to :atev] *ance x may h be5   
ow+1 ! navigator n[ feels less anxiety  
:5 ne> ^! isles2 =1  not)/&+ !y are s   
little elevat$ z to rema9 ne>ly 9 _!    
=m] /ate ( imm]sion1 yet _! cocoa =e/s1 
:i* g5]ally  t[] to ! height ( ?irty or 
=ty feet1 be+ visible at !  di/ance ( _m

 miles1 enable him to asc]ta9 8 locality
 )  correctness1 & to avoid ! num]\s    
%oals1 by a due att5tion to !  be>+s &  
s\nd+s4 ,! natives are said to be       
extremely well  acqua9t$ ) _!           
ar*ipelago1 & to pilot vessels ( great  
bur!n  ) p]fect security & precision4   
,! next consid]ation ) ! native1        
respect+ ! cocoa-nut1 is its  wat]1 by u
 call$ cocoa-nut milk4 ,?is pleasant    
bev]age is conta9$  )9 ! %ell1 &1 9     
g5]al1 may am\nt to ?ree qu>t]s ( a     
p9t4 ,x is pure/ :5 ! nut is s "y & t5d]
 z to all[ !  husk & %ell to be cut )   
ab\t z mu* facility z a /r+y  turnip2 at
 :i* "t1 v little coagulum adh]es to !  
int]ior (  ! %ell1 & t little is s(t1 l 
milk b>ely turn$ by r5net4  ,gradually1 
! wat] becomes r turbid1 & acquires a   
/rong]  ta/e2 :ile ! coagulum encreases 
to ab\t ! ?ird1 or ev5 !  half1 ( an in*
 9 ?ickness2 h>d5+1 & becom+ t\gh1 b    
easily  snapp$ into pieces4 ,:5 arriv$  
at ?is /ate1 x ab\nds 9 oil1  :i*1 at   
fir/ is rem>kably sweet1 ?\gh ( a       

peculi> flavor1 & is  mu* us$ by !      
native ,portugueze1 9 lieu ( ghee1 9 _! 
cul9>y  op]ations4    ,! mode ( extract+
 ! oil is v simple3 a piece ( wood1 say 
two  feet 9 l5g?1 six in*es broad1 & two
 or ?ree ?ick1 be>s at "o  ( its        
extremities a /em ( iron1 driv5 9 by    
means ( a spike3 ?is  /em mu/ be /\t1 & 
%\ld measure ab\t t5 in*es2 b1 t[>ds    
its summit1 spread+ into ! =m ( an      
inv]t$ cresc5t1 some:at  concave1 &     
deeply jagg$ at its circumf]5ce4 ,sitt+1
 z usual1 on  ! gr\nd1 ! op]ator keeps !
 baton f tilt+1 by plac+ "o (  8 feet   
firmly ^u x3 9 t position he takes !    
nuts1 commonly  brok5 into two or m     
pieces1 by a =cible /roke ( "s heavy    
implem5t1 or by da%+ !m on ! floor1 &1  
by rasp+ ! int]ior  ( ea* piece aga9/ ! 
jagg$ edges ( ! iron1 causes ! coagulum 
to fall1 9 =m ( a co>se p[d]1 into a    
vessel plac$ bel[ to  receive x4 ,to    
effect ?is ) m facility1 ! /em slants   
obliquely  f ! baton2 all[+ room = !    
receiv] to be put imm$iately  "u !      

cresc5t4 ,! rasp+s are n[ put into hot  
wat]1 9 :i*  !y are well /irr$ & press$ 
) a l>ge wood5 spoon2 by ?is  means !   
oil is sep>at$2 x is drawn (f by op5+ a 
little hole  ne> its surface1 z x floats
 ^u ! wat]4 ,x is inconceivable h[  mu* 
oil is ?us obta9$ 9 a few m9utes2 b1 bo?
 f its own  nature1 & ! mode (          
extraction1 x soon becomes (f5sively    
rancid2  a /ate 9 :i* x is by no means  
objectionable to ! sw>?y  ,signors1 :o1 
z well z ! ,h9dus 9 g5]al1 are p>tial to
 x z  an ungu5t = ! hair4 ,to a fre%    
,european1 ! sc5t ( ?is p[]ful  f9i% to 
! *>ms ( an ,indian ,v5us is highly     
objectionable3 ( all  ! /9ks ( :i*      
,india c boa/1 x c]ta9ly is ! wor/4 ,b1 
z  be=e obs]v$1 if us$ imm$iately aft]  
extraction1 no?+ c be  sweet]3 x also   
burns rem>kably well2 !re=e is 9 g5]al  
use =  lamps among all ! ,european      
inhabitants4 ,! residuum1 aft] sep>at+  
! oil1 fatt5s p\ltry bett] ?an gra93 !  
pork ( sw9e f$ ^u  cocoa-nuts is        
delici\s2 z mu/ be confess$ by all :o h 

visit$  ! ,&amans & ,nicob>s4 ,consid]+ 
! coagulum z a food =  mank9d1 ,i %\ld  
by no means feel dispos$ to recomm5d x2 
?\gh x  is c]ta9 t ! natives eat ( x    
freely3 exp]i5ce satisfies me1  t x is  
extremely difficult ( dige/ion2 & t1 :5 
ate z a  meal1 mu* inconv5i5ce1 if n    
indisposition1 w g5]ally foll[4  ,nor c 
,i recomm5d ! wat] ( ! "y nut to p]sons 
^: b[els  are n ( ! /ronge/2 x be+      
ap]i5t1 &1 :5 us$ beyond a  c]ta9       
quantity1 extremely apt to induce       
dys5t]y3 ! am\nt ( a  nut-ful may1      
p]haps1 be drank ) p]fect safety4 ,dur+ 
v hot  wea!r1 if ! nuts are fre% ga!r$1 
or suff]$ to rema9 = a  :ile 9 cold     
wat]1 x is n v easy to )/& ! temptation4
    ,! %ell ( ! cocoa-nut is always mo/ 
valuable :5 suff]$ to  rip5 ^u ! tree2 x
 !n acquires great h>dness1 & a f9e d>k 
*ocolate color1 int]ve9$ by f9e l9es ( a
 ri* dun1 or clay1 or  p]haps /riat$ )  
^? t9ts3 !y !n take a good poli%1 &     
may1 :5 ta/efully m\nt$1 be consid]$ z  
ornam5tal to !  sidebo>d4 ,b1 x is to be

 obs]v$1 t !y are r a brittle  w>e1     
comp>$ ) _! solid appe>ance2 &1 t x     
requires a  great l5g? ( "t to dive/ !m 
:olly ( a c]ta9 /rong sc5t1  rem9d+ ^?  
:o h be5 accu/om$ to ! oil1 ( t peculi> 
& p[]ful rancidity x inv>iably acquires 
by long keep+1 &  especially by exposure
 to ! air4    ,previ\s to ! introduction
 ( lamps 9 ! halls1 passages1 c41 9  !  
h\ses ( ,europeans1 cocoa-nut oil 0 to  
be _h = ab\t  ?ree-p5ce1 or f\r-p5ce1 p]
 se] 7i4e4 ! measurem5t ( a  se]1 :i*   
comes v ne>ly to ! ,engli% qu>t2 9 "s   
places  exce$+ x1 b 9 o!rs fall+ %ort74 
,s9ce t practice has  obta9$1 9         
consequ5ce ( c&les hav+ be5 d\bl$ 9     
price1 !  oil has likewise be5 enhanc$2 
s t x n[ sells at ab\t ?ree &  a half1  
or f\r se]s p] rupee2 :i* accords )     
sev5-p5ce  halfp5ny ( our curr5cy p]    
qu>t4 ,no k9d ( animal oil is 9 use     
among ! natives ( ,india1 ei!r z food1  
or 9 manufactories2 if1  inde$1 we      
except t mo/ curi\s production1 !       
meemii-ke-tale1 or  oil extract$ f !    

bodies ( malefactors2 :o1 be+ well f$ = 
a  mon?1 or m1 previ\s to execution1 = !
 purpose ( encreas+  _! fat1 h l>ge     
fires light$ "u !m :ile on ! gibbet1 &  
metal vessels plac$ to receive !        
dripp+s4 ,t ?is practice has  h]et(ore  
obta9$1 "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! native pr9ces1
 does  n1 ,i believe1 admit ( a d\bt2 b1
 t x is n[ obsolete1 is  equally c]ta94 
,/ill meemii-ke-tale 7i4e4 human oil7   
may be _h at  _m places2 ?\gh n g5u9e1 b
 compos$ ( :atev] mat]ials may  =m a    
mass resembl+ t orig9ally 9 use4 ,i h   
se5 sev]al (  ^! masses1 :i* 7 ( a d>k1 
opaque br[n1 appe>+ some?+  l coagulat$ 
blood mix$ ) dirty jelly1 & become h>d  
by  exposure to ! sun1 or by            
inspissation3 its smell 0 intol]ably    
(f5sive4 ,on ! :ole1 ?is celebrat$      
extract1 :i* is suppos$ to  cure all    
contractions1 & /iffness ( ! jo9ts1 is a
 subject (  a/oni%m5t1 :5 we consid] x  
to be 9 use among a p s v  peculi> 9 _! 
t5ets1 & pr(ess+ s mu* humanity1 n only 
t[>ds _! bre?r51 b t[>ds all animat$    

nature4 ,_h ,%akespe>e  be5 acqua9t$ ) !
 exi/5ce ( ! meemii1 he c]ta9ly w\ld  h 
giv5 x a place 9 ,hecate's /ir-ab\t6    
,if ! natives 7 int5t ^u obta9+ animal  
oils1 ! greate/  abundance c\ld be      
comm&$2 porpoises1 turtles1 alligators1 
dog-fi%es1 & %>ks1 all ( :i* conta9 l>ge
 quantities1 exi/ 9  e "p :]e ! wat] is 
bracki%2 "s ( !m1 inde$1 become  ev5 m  
num]\s z _! di/ance f ! sea encreases4  
,:ales1  likewise1 are occasionally se5 
9 ! ,indian ,sea1 & 9 ! ,mozambique     
,*annel are extremely common4 ,b1 to    
p]sons habituat$ f _!  infancy to ! use 
( high-savor$ vi&s1 any sweet oil w\ld  
be  insipid3 su* p want a haut-gt 9 _!  
sauces2 yet x mu/ be  confess$1 !y      
c]ta9ly manage to r5d] ev5 _! /ronge/   
prep>ations extremely palatable2 b1 to  
reli% !m prop]ly1 !  cul9>y op]ations   
mu/ n always be witness$4 ,baba*ees1 or 
cooks1  9 ! employ ( ,europeans1 are    
sometimes extremely fil?y2 f> m s  ?an  
:5 dress+ _! own victuals4 ,few ( !     
natives are sp>+ 9  ! use ( wat] on su* 

occasions1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld be br\ght  f 
"s di/ance2 yet1 x is equally true1 t   
:ole villages are  sometimes cont5t to  
use wat] f a pool1 comp>able only ) t   
into :i* ,ariel u%]$ ! surly ,caliban4  
,! trunk ( ! cocoa-nut tree n only      
answ]s1 :5 ! c5tral pi?  is scoop$ out1 
= canoes1 b1 :5 split1 z x may easily be
 into  slips ( any wid?1 =ms excell5t   
raft]s3 if appli$ to t purpose1  all !  
s(t "p is tak5 entirely away1 leav+ only
 ! ext]ior  case1 :i* is v h>d1 t\gh1 & 
ela/ic1 ab\t ?ree in*es 9  ?ickness4 ,a 
trunk ( ab\t a foot 9 diamet] w commonly
 rive into  five /aves1 ea* ab\t sev5   
in*es wide3 su* %\ld be plac$  edgeways 
on ! walls1 t _! scantl+s may be 9 a    
prop]  direction4 ,raft]s ?us made1     
provid$ !y be n m ?an tw5ty  feet1 or   
!reab\ts1 9 l5g?1 & n too heavily lad51 
w /&  = g5]ations1 )\t %ew+ ! smalle/   
symptom ( decay4 ,9  say+ ?is1 ,i am to 
be und]/ood z allud+ to _! be+ "u  cov]2
 o!rwise1 !y w n exhibit su* durability1
 al?\gh !y  may fully claim to be on a  

p> ) mo/ ( ! indig5\s timb]s4    ,!     
read] is to und]/&1 t1 except+ :]e m]ely
 tempor>y1  t is to say1 int5d$ = a few 
weeks1 or mon?s1 bungal[s are  always   
built ) pavilion ?at*es2 by :i*         
con/ruction !y resi/  ! wea!r f> bett]1 
:ile ! quantity ( brick-"w is           
consid]ably  less ?an :]e gables are run
 up4 ,! proximity ( ! ?at*es 9 !  v]&a  
p>ts1 r5d]s !m f> less cool1 9 ! hot    
mon?s1 ?an !  int]ior1 9 :i* ! ?at* is s
 mu* fur!r remov$3 ! latt]  w\ld be     
r5d]$ mu* cool] 7 flues1 or v5tilators1 
to be made =  ! purpose ( c>ry+ (f !    
r>efi$ air1 z already sugge/$4          
,cocoa-nuts are (t5 saw$ into two equal 
p>ts1 = ! purpose (  be+ made into      
ladles3 to effect ?is1 a hole is made on
 ea* side1  ab\t half an in* f ! edge1 &
 a /ick is pass$ ?r\gh1 s]v+  z a h&le2 
mu* ! same z we see 9 ! jets us$ by     
brew]s =  tak+ liquor out ( _! vats4 ,:5
 saw$ into two equal p>ts1 across  !    
gra9 ( ! coir coat+1 cocoa-nuts make    
excell5t table  bru%es1 caus+ ! planks  

to assume a v high poli% f _!  friction4
 ,z ?is op]ation requires "s /r5g?1 x is
 prop] to be  c>eful t ! edges ( ! %ell1
 if left 91 7z is sometimes1  ?\gh      
improp]ly1 done17 %\ld be p]fectly      
smoo?2 be+ once  r5d]$ s1 !y w nev]     
scrat*1 h[ev] =cibly ! bru% may be      
appli$4 ,a v good mode is1 to /rip (f ! 
coir1 &1 aft]  soak+ x well 9 wat]1 to  
beat x ) a heavy wood5 mall until !     
pieces become a little pliant1 :5 !y    
%\ld be firmly b\nd toge!r  ) an iron   
r+3 _! ends be+ !n levell$1 ! implem5t  
is fit  = use4 ,a little bees'-wax rubb$
 occasionally ^u !m1 adds greatly  to ! 
lu/re ( ! furniture1 )\t be+ clammy4    
,! /em ( ! toddy-tree is v simil> to t (
 ! cocoa1 b  gr[s to a mu* great]       
height1 & is put to ! same purposes4 ,on
  fir/ see+ a grove ( toddy-palms1 "o   
w\ld suppose t a /rong  w9d mu/         
inevitably te> up ! :ole by _! roots2   
:i* consi/ (  innum]able small fibres1 t
 p5etrate b a v little way1             
comp>atively1 into ! soil4 ,:5 "o ( ^!  

trees is laid pro/rate  by ! w9d1 a v   
small cavity is made1 r>ely s mu* z a   
cubic  y>d4 ,! leaves diff] v widely f  
^? ( ! cocoa3 ! =m]  be+ r spe>-%ap$1   
ab\t a foot1 or m1 9 l5g?1 by p]haps    
two in*es at _! broade/ "p1 & atta*$ to 
ea* side ( ! rib1  :i* may be f t5 to   
f\rte5 feet 9 l5g?1 & hang gracefully on
  e side ( ! trunk2 cov]+ ! nuts1 :i*   
gr[ on v %ort1  /iff /ems1 close "u !   
place :]e ! leaves />t f x 9 all        
directions2 a tuft ( simil>1 b small]1  
bran*es1 gr[ ) r a  v]tical t5d5cy4     
,! toddy-palm has1 on ! contr>y1 ab\t t5
 or a doz5 l>ge  leaves1 radiat$ f _!   
/ems1 arrang$ 9 folds v simil> to a     
lady's fan half spread2 b ! out] edges  
are ind5t$ consid]ably3  ! leaves =m ea*
 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( a circle1 b n v      
regul>ly s2 "s m1 "s less4 ,^! are made 
into punkahs1 or  fans1 ( v>i\s sizes2  
or1 :5 torn into /rips ( ab\t two in*es 
wide1 :i* may be ab\t ! m$ium bread? (  
ea* fold1 s]ve !  natives 9 lieu ( pap]4
 ,! great] "p ( ! acc\nts kept by       

,b5gallees are writt5 on ^! leaves1 by  
means ( any %>p-po9t$  in/rum5t1 :i*1   
m>k+ ?r\gh ! glossy r9d1 or coat+1 on   
ei!r side ( ! leaf1 rema9s1 ev] aft]1   
p]fectly di/9ct &  legible4 ,^? :o wi%  
to h ! lett]s /ill m s1 rub !  leaves1  
aft] fill$ ) writ+s1 ) kaujool1 or      
lamp-black2 :i*  s9ks into ! por\s p>ts 
laid op5 by ! in/rum5t1 b easily  wipes 
(f f t portion ( ! surface :i* has n be5
 pi]c$4  ,"s hundr$s ( ^! leaves may be 
se51 secur$ toge!r at "o end  by a tw9e 
pass$ ?r\gh ea*1 l wa/e pap] 9 a groc]'s
 %op2  ?us =m+ a volum9\s collection4 ,!
 fruit ( ! taul consi/s  ( two1 or      
sometimes ?ree1 lobes1 or pods1 some:at 
simil> to ^?  9 a horse-*esnut1 &1 l !m1
 conceal$ 9 a pi?y1 sph]ical  coat+1 b )
 a smoo? ext]ior4 ,ea* lobe is holl[1 & 
conta9s  a small quantity ( v cle>      
liquor1 p>tak+1 9 a v slight  degree1 ( 
! flavor ( rose-wat]2 ! lobes !mselves  
are ab\t  ! size ( a ,*elsea-bun1 are r 
( a crisp1 b gelat9\s  sub/ance1 &      
pleasant to ! palate3 _! ext]ior is     

cov]$ ) a  v ?91 br[n r9d1 l t ( an     
almond2 r a/r+5t1 b by  no means acrid4 
,! liquor1 call$ toddy1 is obta9$ by    
mak+ an incision "u !  head ( ! tree1   
:51 a ?9 w$ge be+ introduc$1 ! toddy w  
gradually exude into a vessel susp5d$ to
 receive x4 ,?is liquor is  v pleas+ :5 
fre% drawn1 b1 9 a few h\rs1 acquires a 
h>%  flavor1 f]m5ts1 & becomes highly   
intoxicat+4 ,x answ]s admirably  z      
leav51 mak+ v light d\gh2 b if kept1 z  
is too commonly  done1 until r sub-acid1
 x communicates a mo/ unpleasant t>tness
  to ! bread4 ,groves ( toddy-trees1 9  
"s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1  yield a v h&some   
rev5ue1 & great pr(it to ! r5t]s4 ,l !  
cocoa-nut tree1 !y h )9 _! summits a    
sub/ance v l a  cabbage 9 flavor3 ?is   
occasions m>9]s sometimes to fell !m1 ) 
! view ( c>ry+ t "p to sea2 :]e x w1 if 
left )9 its  r9d1 keep = _m mon?s4 ,i h 
ta/$ ( ?is vegetable1 b did n  feel mu* 
gratifi$1 ?\gh x assur$ly 0 n           
disagreeable3 x seem$  to require mu*   
boil+4    ,! /em ( ! toddy-palm is      

annulat$1 b n v deeply3 ( ?is  !        
toddy-m5 take advantage1 asc5d+ to !    
summit1 & desc5d+  aga9 to ! pla91 )    
wondr\s agility4 ,?is is effect$ by a   
piece  ( /rong tw9e1 ab\t a y>d or m 9  
l5g?1 b d\bl$ into a loop  ( half t     
ext5t4 ,! great toes are respectively   
put into ! ends  ( ! loop1 s z to keep x
 p]fectly ext5d$4 ,! man fir/ embraces  
! tree1 z high z he c rea*1 = ! purpose 
( rais+ himself  f ! gr\nd2 8 feet be+  
in/antly c>ri$1 on opposite sides (  !  
trunk1 z f> asund] z ! loop may admit4  
,!n1 su/a9+  himself by means ( ! loop1 
he slides 8 arms upw>ds to take a       
second spr+2 foll[+1 9 due "t1 by !     
removal ( 8 feet1 z  mu* high] z he has 
be5 able to rea*4 ,9 ?is mann]1         
successively  /ret*+ up 8 arms1 & sw>m+ 
) 8 feet1 he rea*es !  summit2 :]e1 :ile
 he ei!r susp5ds ! pot1 or releases x1 8
  weight g5]ally re/s on ! loop4 ,!     
great art1 bo? 9 asc5d+1  & desc5d+1 is 
to keep ! loop always /ret*$3 %\ld x be 
all[$ to slack51 9 all probability x    

w\ld fall (f4 ,few p]sons1  foll[+ ?is  
pr(ession1 require m ?an half a m9ute to
 m\nt !  highe/ palmira2 by :i* "n !    
toddy-palm is mo/ g5]ally  kn[n to      
,europeans4 ,! natives designate x !    
taul 7or  taul-gaut*74    ,i believe v  
few k9ds ( wood1 except ^? ,i h m5tion$1
 ev]  come )9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( dome/ic  
ar*itecture2 ?\gh1 9  "s few situations1
 ! soondry & j>rool are employ$ = !     
m9or purposes2 b1 ) "s res]ve on ! "p ( 
! natives1 :o  hold !m to be m          
applicable to ! con/ruction ( small     
craft1 &  to ! =mation ( c>riages (     
v>i\s descriptions4 ,! soondry is  a    
rem>kably t\gh1 heavy1 & ela/ic wood2   
:ile ! j>rool1 ?\gh  r h>d]1 m resembles
 ! bee*1 ?an any o!r ( our  indig5\s    
timb] trees3 z a mat]ial 9 boat-build+1 
x ranks next  to ! teak1 h5ce1 _m ( !   
donies1 7or coa/+ vessels17  measur+ f  
fifty1 to a hundr$ & fifty1 tons1 are   
pr9cipally  built !re)4 ,:5 teak is     
sc>ce1 we occasionally see !            
%ip-wrights apply j>rool 9 _! repairs ( 

! upp] works (  l>ge vessels4    ,hav+  
said ?us mu* ( ! mann] 9 :i* h\ses1 &   
bungal[s1  are con/ruct$1 ,i h only to  
obs]ve1 t1 ( late ye>s1 !  ,european    
ar*itects h be5 r prone to sacrifice    
com=t to  appe>ance4 ,^? old h\ses built
 at a "t :5 punkahs1 tatties1           
glass-sa%es1 c41 7 n 9 use1 c]ta9ly     
ev9ce t att5tion 0  paid to coolness1 b 
)\t disreg>d+ conv5i5ce4 ,n[1 al?\gh    
build+ is full fifty p] c5t4 *eap] ?an x
 0 ?irty ye>s ago1  we see ! walls mu*  
less sub/antial1 &1 on ! :ole1 a want ( 
local fitness 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! sev]al 
ap>tm5ts4 ,i mu/  caution ! read]1 t :at
 w\ld appe> an admirable plan = a       
resid5ce 9 our climate1 w\ld be f\nd    
totally inconsi/5t ) !  temp]atures     
att5dant ^u ! *anges ( season 9 ,india1 
& ) !  sev]al practices1 & op]ations1   
p]emptorily necess>y t[>ds  meet+ ^?    
*anges4 ,x mu/ nev] be =gott51 t1 at "s 
seasons1 & at "s h\rs 9 all seasons1 e  
door & w9d[ is  usually ?r[n op52       
likewise1 t1 dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! hot  

w9ds1 su* ap>tm5ts z _c be kept         
mod]ately cool1 by tatties  appli$ to "s
 ap]tures on t floor1 :5ce ! curr5t (   
refrig]at$ air may f9d admission1 w be  
sc>cely habitable1 &1 at  night 9       
p>ticul>1 w gl[ l ov5s4    ,! hot-w9d   
commonly rises ) ! sun1 bl[+ at fir/ v  
g5tly1  b encreas+ gradually1 until ab\t
 "o or two o'clock2 aft] :i*1  x        
subsides into a p]fect calm4 ,?is is its
 ord9>y c\rse1 b "s  days rema9 calm    
?r\gh\t1 :ile1 at o!r times1 ! w9d bl[s 
a  hurricane ! :ole night ?r\gh4 ,i h1  
inde$1 kn[n x to cont9ue1  ) v little   
*ange ( temp]ature1 or v>iation ( =ce1 =
 full  t5 days2 dur+ :i* p]iod1 ! nights
 71 if any ?+1 hott]  ?an ! days2 s t   
extra b'hee/ies 7 reta9$ to wat] !      
tatties dur+ ! night4 ,t 01 to be sure1 
a v s+ul>  season1 c>ry+ ) x a prodigi\s
 mortality2 great numb]s dy+  sudd5ly4  
,x 0 peculi> t ! fit1 :i* resembl$      
apoplexy1  attack$ all ages alike1 &    
paid no def]5ce to ! ab/emi\s &         
temp]ate1 any m ?an to ! lic5ti\s &     

gorm&iz+ classes4    ,9 describ+ !      
habitations ( ! l[] ord]s ( natives1 ,i 
expla9$1 t _! *ief att5tion 0 paid to   
privacy1 & to !  exclusion ( ! gl>e4 ,! 
sup]ior ranks are n less int5t ^u !     
same objects2 ?\gh _m ( _! /ate ap>tm5ts
 d n indicate1  t ei!r ! "o or ! o!r 7 (
 ! smalle/ consid]ation4  ,"s ( !       
,durb>s are uncommonly expos$2 &1 9     
consequ5ce ( !  cr[d1 ! fa/idi\s c]emony
 obs]v$1 & ! con/ant succession (       
entrances & exits1 =m a mo/ uncom=table 
t\t ensemble4 ,yet1 x  appe>s t !       
natives h made little or no v>iation 9  
_!  sy/em1 n only )9 ! "t we h be5      
acqua9t$ ) !m1 b1  if we exam9e _!      
anci5t /ructures1 n = c5turies be=e a   
,briti% foot 0 plac$ ^u _! soil4 ,we    
ord9>ily f9d ne>ly !  same aspect giv5  
to all _! build+s1 especially to _!     
places (  wor%ip3 nimauzes1 7or op5     
temples17 :]e ! ,mussulmans are 9 !     
habit ( (f]+ up _! pray]s1 inv>iably are
 made to front !  we/2 "u ! idea ( _!   
fac+ ! %r9e ( ,mahom$4 ,?is error  may  

be consid]$ on a p> ) ! plac+ ( alt>s 9 
our *ur*es  always at ! ea/ end1 ) !    
view to _! /&+ t[>ds !  place ( our     
,savi\r's nativity3 we also int] our    
dead ) _! heads  to ! we/1 on ! same    
acc\nt4    ,hav+ detail$ :at relates to 
! dome/ic habits1 & to !  ar*itecture ( 
! c\ntry1 ,i %all n[ proce$ to describe 
! mann]  ( liv+ among ,europeans 9      
,india2 obs]v+1 t !re are two v  di/9ct 
classes1 ?\gh p]fectly on a foot+2      
namely1 ! resid5ts  ( ,calcutta1 & ^?   
among ! civil & milit>y1 :o are subject 
to  be deta*$ f ! ,presid5cy4 ,=m]ly1   
only su* g5tlem5 z held  (fices (       
consid]able emolum5t1 or ^? :o 7 m>ri$1 
support$  a regul> table3 su* might be  
said to keep op5-h\se2 at lea/1 f>  !   
great] numb] usually laid sev]al sp>e   
cov]s1 especially at  supp]-"t1 "u !    
hope ( see+ _! fri5ds drop 9 to p>take  
( :atev] might be 9 prep>ation4 ,! d9n] 
h\r be+ kn[n1 7=  almo/ e family !n d9$ 
betwe5 two & ?ree o'clock17 x 0  r>ely  
ne$ful to make enquiries respect+ !     

prop] mom5t =  repair+ to ! hospitable  
bo>d4 ,little or no c]emony 0 requir$2  
! ho/ be+ z mu* pleas$ ) ! complim5t    
paid by ! visit (  a "y fri5d1 z ! latt]
 0 to f9d a welcome among ! mo/  opul5t 
& respectable portion ( ! ,european     
community4    ,nor did ! b5efit accru+  
to ! latt]1 conf9e itself )9 !  limits (
 economical sav+3 x 0 g5]ally f\nd1 t   
su* z became  habitually inmates ( ?is  
description1 7 recomm5d$ to ! notice  ( 
,gov]nm5t1 or to su* situations1 7if n 9
 ! ,company's s]vice17  z af=d$ !       
imm$iate means ( ma9t5ance1 or ev5tually
 l$ to  lucrative speculations4 ,a      
v>iety ( in/ances c\ld be adduc$1 (  "y 
g5tlem5 hav+1 f ! =ego+ admission )9 !  
dome/ic  circle ( visitants1 be5 rescu$ 
f t mo/ unpleasant situation1  namely1 a
 want ( respectable fri5ds2 ^!1 z       
,%akespe>e prop]ly  rem>ks1 #8_h        
greatness ?ru/ ^u !m4' ,su* 0 ! /ate (  
society :5 ,i fir/ arriv$ 9 ,india1     
#aggh & su* 0 ! fair  expectation1 ) :i*
 n only "y g5tlem51 b _m #8f> advanc$   

^u "t's li/1' l&$ on ! %ores ( !        
,ganges4 ,9 fact1 x  requir$ t "s v     
sub/antial objection %\ld p]sonally     
exi/1  to deprive any individual ( an   
impli$ "r to ! mo/ fri5dly  reception4  
,/ill1 h[ev]1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 t a   
c]ta9  di/9ction1 r too fa/idi\s1 0     
preval5t 9 favor ( ^? :o  came )        
appo9tm5ts to ! ,company's s]vice2      
especially 9 ! civil  l9e4 ,to a c]ta9  
ext5t1 su* might h be5 consid]$         
reasonable1  :5 we reflect t future     
association 9 ! same duties 0 to be     
expect$2 b1 ! matt] 0 d\btless c>ri$ too
 f>2 x be+  di/+ui%$ by t k9d ( def]5ce 
:i* /amps a sup]ior value  ^u its       
object1 ! :ole am\nt ( :i* is d$uct$ f !
 suppos$  inf]ior2 ?us1 caus+ ! =m] to  
prepond]ate 9 society 9 a  multipli$    
ratio1 9 ! same mann] z tak+ f "o scale 
to put  into ! o!r1 occasions ! diff]5ce
 to encrease 9 ! proportion  ( ?ree to  
"o4    ,! gradual encrease ( comm]cial  
transactions1 & ( int]c\rse1  ) sev]al  
p>ts ( t ext5sive t]ritory1 :i*         

ultimately has  come "u ! influ5ce1 if n
 ! control1 ( ! ,briti% gov]nm5t1  s]v$ 
z invitations to _m adv5tur]s1 :o quitt$
 ,europe "u  assurances ( employ 9 !    
,ea/4 ,_! expectations 7 g5]ally        
confirm$ by p]man5t e/abli%m5ts 9 v>i\s 
p>ts ( ! c\ntry2  :]eby a complete *ange
 took place1 z to ! e/imation 9 :i*     
free-m]*ants1 z !y are g5]ally t]m$1 7  
held4    ,among ?is class1 !re h1 )9 a  
few ye>s1 appe>$ numb]s1  ^: indu/ry1 & 
ext5sive conc]ns1 r5d]$ !m conspicu\s2 &
  x w\ld n1 p]haps1 be too bold to      
pr$ict1 t1 9 ! c\rse ( a  few ye>s1 !   
success ( _! ef=ts may prove a /imulus  
to su* an  encrease ( private trad]s1 z 
_c fail to give bir? to ev5ts (  great  
national importance4    ,x w\ld n be 9  
place to notice su* probable results 9  
?is "w1  b x may be p]mitt$1 )\t        
trespass+ ! b\nds ,i h m>k$  out to     
myself1 to anticipate1 t ! comm]cial    
society ( ,india w1  9 "t1 gr[ out ( ! k
 ( su* z survey$ its /ate "s  ?irty ye>s
 ago4 ,we h1 at ! same "t1 to lam5t1 t1 

ow+ to  su* an augm5tation ( all ranks1 
x has be5 f\nd necess>y to drop  _m     
cu/oms suit$ only to a limitt$ society1 
& to adopt a c]ta9  res]ve1 :i* may n be
 exactly con=mable to ^? v sangu9e      
ideas ent]ta9$ by p]sons :o may h read (
 ! anci5t regime (  ,ori5tal            
hospitality2 ! decl9ation ( :i* has     
unavoidably kept pace  ) ! additional   
imports consequ5t to ext5d$ comm]ce4    
,!re w1  h[ev]1 ev5 at ?is day1 be f\nd 
mu* to approve2 & ! m9d endu$  )        
s5sibility w h to ackn[l$ge _m a        
civility1 v ne>ly  ak9 to k9dness1 &    
suffici5tly poignant to give an ample   
scope =  _m a grateful ackn[l$gm5t4     
,morn+ visits are n1 g5]ally speak+1 s  
uncommon z !y 73  =m]ly1 few w5t to pay 
visits ( c]emony dur+ ! =5oon2 =1  !    
d9n]-h\r be+ e>ly1 !re 0 little "t = su*
 unsocial  complim5ts2 :]eas1 n[1 t x is
 g5]ally delay$ until ab\t  sun-set1 t  
is to say1 to p]haps five1 or six1 or   
ev5 to sev5  o'clock1 ! =5oon is m      
applicable to ! reception ( visitors2   

:o1 if on any t]ms ( intimacy1 d n      
hesitate to jo9 ! family at  a little   
avant-d9] commonly call$ a tiff+1 & kn[n
 among u  by ! "n ( lun*4 ,?is k9d (    
refre%m5t 7= x is n  consid]$ a repa/7  
usually takes place betwe5 "o & two     
o'clock1  & consi/s ( grill$ f[ls1      
mutton *ops1 cold meats1 & sometimes  ( 
curry & rice4 ,be+ conduct$ )\t c]emony1
 & 9 a v  desultory /yle1 ! dropp+ 9 (  
fri5ds nev] occasions !  slighte/       
discont9uance1 any m ?an ! accid5tal    
arrival among an  ,engli% p>ty "h1 ( an 
intimate1 :ile p>tak+ ( a slice ( cake  
& a glass ( w9e4 ,! v>i\s =malities are1
 h[ev]1 n[  transf]r$ f ,p4 ,m4 to ,a4  
,m4 & x is usual to see ! t[n (         
,calcutta ?rong$ ) palanqu9s dur+ ! :ole
 ( :at is call$  ! =5oon2 b :i* commonly
 is made to ext5d to ?ree o'clock2  ab\t
 :i* "t1 especially dur+ n9e mon?s 9 !  
ye>1 mo/  p]sons are at home1 dive/$ (  
_! usual dresses1 & recl9+1 9  "s cool  
ap>tm5t1 on a b$1 or a c\*1 = ! purpose 
( repose1  & to prep>e = t *ange ( l951 

& = ^? ablutions1 n  =gett+ ! ba?1 :i*  
are bo? com=table1 & ess5tial1 9 s  v   
sultry a climate4    ,g5tlem5 :o purpose
 visit+ ! ladies1 commonly repair to _! 
h\ses betwe5 eight & n9e o'clock 9 !    
ev5+2 ord9>ily "u  ! expectation ( be+  
invit$ to /ay & sup3 an invitation t is 
r>ely decl9$4    ,among ladies :o are   
intimately acqua9t$1 morn+ visits are   
common1  b all :o wi% to pres]ve        
etiquette1 or m]ely return ! complim5t  
by way ( keep+ up a di/ant acqua9tance1 
conf9e !m to !  ev5+2 :51 att5d$ by "o  
or m g5tlem51 !y proce$1 9 _!           
palanqu9s1 on a t\r devot$ entirely to  
?is cold ex*ange ( :at  is call$        
civility4    ,among ! sev]al            
ju/ly-explod$ c]emonies1 we may reckon  
t1 :i*  exi/$ until )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1
 ( #8,,sitt+ ,,up1' z x 0  call$3 we    
mu/1 at ! same "t1 d ! ci-devant        
inhabitants (  ,calcutta ! ju/ice to    
rem>k1 t ! practice 0 evid5tly f\nd$  on
 good-w & hospitality2 al?\gh x bore s  
/rong a resemblance  to ! exhibition ( a

 c>go ( slaves1 z to occasion _m a      
c>icature1 & _m a satirical exp5diture (
 ink4 ,?is #8,,sitt+ ,,up1'  z x 0 t]m$1
 g5]ally took place at ! h\se ( "s lady 
(  rank1 or =tune1 :o1 = ?ree successive
 nights1 ?rew op5 h]  mansion t[>ds !   
ev5+1 = ! purpose ( receiv+ all1 bo?    
ladies & g5tlem51 :o *ose to pay _!     
respects to su* ladies z  might h       
rec5tly arriv$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! fair      
damsels 7 ?us  at once introduc$ to !   
:ole settlem5t1 & n unfrequ5tly  obta9$ 
a v>iety ( (f]s f m5 ( ! fir/           
consequ5ce4 ,_m  mat*es h1 inde$1 be5   
conclud$ ev5 be=e ! ?ird night (        
exhibition4 ,if we consid] ! fatigue    
att5dant ^u ! return (  ^! num]\s       
visits1 7= ! slighte/ omission w\ld h   
be5 an  unp>donable (f5ce17 & t !       
novelty ( rid+ 9 a bohah1 7or           
*air-palanqu917 w\ld n be agreeable to  
all1 we may =m "s idea  ( :at _m a      
delicate female1 melt+ ) ! heat1        
tight-lac$1 &  torm5t$ ) musquito-bites1
 mu/ h und]gone dur+ !  p]=mance ( ?is  

c]emony4 ,to ! g5tlem5 ( ! settlem5t1 x 
might h be5 abundantly pleas+2 !y _h    
no?+ to d b to po/  ab\t 9 _! palanqu9s 
f "o sitt+ up to ano!r1 & !re  ei!r to  
admire1 or to quiz1 ! fair suff]]s1     
accord+ z _!  ta/e1 or caprice1 might   
dictate4 ,! ?rong has1 9 "s lovely      
in/ances1 be5 s v great1 t ev5 a f\r?   
night has be5  requir$ = ! b5efit (     
ba*elors f ! int]ior6    ,! great       
encrease1 n only ( inhabitants1 b (     
h\ses1 "s (  :i* are situat$ at an      
inconv5i5t di/ance1 has r5d]$ ! cu/om  (
 #8sitt+ up' ne>ly obsolete4 ,! mod]n   
in/ances ( its  cont9uance1 are1 inde$1 
s v few1 & ^? few s modifi$1 z  b>ely to
 leave room = say+ t x is at all 9 use4 
,9 ^! days1  a lady is receiv$ on l&+ by
 h] fri5ds1 :o1 g5]ally1 aft] a  few    
days ( repose1 & ( prep>ation1 invite _!
 acqua9tances1 to  be introduc$ to _!   
fair companion1 :o1 9 ! c\rse ( a week1 
usually returns _! visits4 ,?is is m]ely
 a p>tial %ew1 comp>$  ) :at =m]ly took 
place1 & is no m ?an w\ld be practis$ 9 

,engl& on a simil> occasion3 x is true1 
t1 :]e sup]lative  attractions exi/1 _m1
 :o probably are n 9 ! habit ( visit+  !
 family1 w (t5 avail !mselves ( !       
opportunity to *ap]on  "s acqua9tance1  
m]ely ) ! int5tion ( ga9+ a peep at !   
goddess4    ,! company r>ely sit long at
 table aft] d9n]1 unless among ^?       
convivial s\ls :o deem ! pres5ce ( a    
petticoat a p]fect nuisance4  ,su* 7    
=m]ly v num]\s1 b ( late1 ! society ( ! 
sex  has be5 m duly appreciat$1 & we see
 ! g5tlem5 quitt+ !  bottle to retire to
 ! *abootah1 7or t]race17 !re to enjoy !
  cool air ( ! ev5+1 & to take a cup (  
tea1 or to smoke _!  hookahs2 aft] :i*1 
^? :o h bus9ess to att5d1 proce$ to  _! 
(fices1 c41 :ile ! l>g] portion sep>ate 
to p>take ( a  family supp] ) "s ( _!   
female acqua9tances4 ,v little  c]emony 
is us$ on su* occasions2 ! g5tlem5 leav+
 _! hats 9  _! palanqu9s1 & ord]+ _!    
s]vants to proce$1 z a matt]  ( c\rse1  
to ! h\ses :i!r _! palanqu9s are to be  
convey$4  ,9 _m in/ances1 ^! ev5+ visits

 are paid 9 a v airy mann]3  coats be+  
(t5 disp5s$ )2 ! g5tlem5 we>+ only an   
upp]  & an "u wai/coat1 bo? ( :ite l951 
& ! =m] hav+  sleeves4 ,su* w\ld appe>  
an extraord9>y fre$om1 7 x n  e/abli%$  
by cu/om2 ?\gh1 x g5]ally happ5s1 t     
g5tlem5  newly arriv$ f ,europe1        
especially ! (fic]s ( 8 ,maje/y's       
regim5ts1 we> _! coats1 & pref] und]go+ 
a k9d ( w>m ba?  ( ! mo/ di/ress+       
description1 bo? to !mselves1 & to _!   
neighb\rs2 b1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 !y fall 9 
) ! local  usages1 &1 ?\gh !y may ent] !
 room 9 t cumbr\s habit1  r>ely fail to 
dive/ !mselves ( x1 s soon z ! fir/     
c]emonies  are ov]1 9 favor ( an upp]   
wai/coat1 :i* a s]vant has 9  read9ess4 
,supp]1 ?\gh enum]at$ among ! ord9>y    
meals ( a family resid+  at !           
,presid5cy1 seems r to be ! means (     
conc5trat+ !  p>ty1 ?an p>tak5 ( ) t    
ke5ness we (t5 witness 9 our  cold]     
climate4 ,few d m ?an take a glass or   
two ( w9e1 g5]ally  ,cl>et1 )1 p]haps1 a
 cru/1 & a morsel ( *eese3 ! appetite at

  ?is h\r1 say t51 be+ by no means ke54 
,aft] supp]1 ! hookah  is aga9 produc$1 
&1 aft] sitt+ a:ile 9 conv]sation1 !    
lady  ( ! h\se retires3 few rema9 long  
aft] t has tak5 place4 ,on !  :ole1 x   
may be said1 t at lea/ f\r 9 five are 9 
b$ be=e  twelve2 or1 p]haps1 be=e elev5 
o'clock4 ,f ?is1 ,i exempt all  conc]n$ 
9 c>d-p>ties1 especially if ! /akes run 
high3 = su*1  no measure1 or            
calculation1 exi/s2 ! :ole night be+    
occasionally  pass$ at tradrille1 :i* is
 ! favorite game1 or at :i/1 c4 ,su*    
exceptions =tunately are n v num]\s2 x  
w\ld c]ta9ly be  difficult to f9d any   
city1 :]e9 celibacy among ! males is s  
preval5t1 z at ,calcutta1 t c boa/ ( s  
few excesses ( any  description4 ,!     
,european inhabitants ( respectability  
c]ta9ly live  well2 t is1 !y keep z good
 tables z ! seasons may enable !m  to   
furni%2 & !y dr9k none b ! be/ ( w9es3  
,cl>et1 ,madeira1  & ,port1 are 9 g5]al 
use4    ,( ! =m]1 !re are two k9ds2 "o  
call$ #8,engli% ,cl>et1' :i*  is ! be/  

w9e t ,france produces1 manufactur$ aft]
 its arrival 9  ,engl&1 ) an addition ( 
,br&y1 c41 to enable its /&+ ! hot      
climate ( ,india1 & ) o!r liquids1 to   
give x a ri*] body4 ,su*  w9e g5]ally   
sells at ,calcutta = ab\t ?irty rupees  
p] doz51  equal to six %ill+s & ?reep5ce
 p] bottle4    ,! o!r k9d ( ,cl>et1 :i* 
is ! pure/ t c be obta9$ f  ! mo/       
valuable v9ey>ds ne> ,b\rdeaux1 !       
,cot-,roti1 ,*ateau  ,m>geau1 c41 c     
r>ely be obta9$1 except 9 times ( peace1
 :5  sixte5 rupees p] doz51 equal to    
ab\t ?ree %ill+s & f\r-p5ce  p] bottle1 
may be consid]$ a fair price4 ,?is w9e1 
h[ev] well  pack$1 & c>efully treat$1 w 
n keep long3 at ! end ( six or  sev5    
mon?s aft] arrival1 x w be f\nd r %>p1 &
 !n  becomes extremely p]nici\s to !    
b[els4 ,:5 fre%1 x is rem>kably  f9e1 & 
delicate1 & be+ f> light] ?an !         
#8,engli% ,cl>et1' is  c]ta9ly be/      
adapt$ to ! climate4 ,occasionally1 a   
few *e/s (  ,cl>et are import$ at       
,s]ampore1 a ,dani% settlem5t1 ab\t     

sixte5  miles above ,calcutta1 b        
exp]i5ce has prov$1 t1 9 reg>d to       
:olesom5ess1 z well z to flavor1 x is f>
 inf]ior to ei!r ( !  =m]3 ! sev]e      
b[el-compla9ts its free use (t5         
occasions1 are  attribut$ to ! li?>ge ) 
:i* x is said to be f9$2 h5ce1  :at is  
call$ #8,dani% ,cl>et' is r>ely f\nd at 
any g5tleman's table4    ,ab\t ?irty    
ye>s back1 a l>ge quantity ( ,madeira   
us$ to be import$  at ,calcutta1 by !   
,company1 9 pipes ( extra-measurem5t1 = 
! use  ( _! s]vants4 ,sometimes ne>ly a 
?\s& pipes arriv$ dur+ !  c\rse ( !     
season2 be+ ( prime quality1 & laid 9 by
 !  ,company's ag5ts at ,fon*all1 x     
always sold well at ! annual  auctions3 
six hundr$ rupees 0 a common av]age4 ,= 
"s "t pa/1  ! ,company h1 g5]ally       
speak+1 decl9$ ?is trade1 :i* 0 (       
ext5sive conv5i5ce to ! resid5ts at     
,b5gal1 & mu/ be suppos$  to h paid !m  
amply = _! outw>d tonnage1 :ile !       
return+  tonnage 0 always at lib]ty to  
receive inve/m5ts = ! ,europe  m>ket4 ,!

 cause ( ?is rel9qui%m5t has be5        
attribut$ to v>i\s  circum/ances2 b1 ,i 
believe1 is to be f\nd 9 t imm5se supply
  :i*1 at ! close ( ! w> 9 #aghb1 glutt$
 ! m>kets = "s  seasons4 ,until t date1 
! ,company _h ne>ly monopoliz$ ! trade1 
!re be+ no competitors ( consequ5ce1    
?\gh ! speculation 0  op5 to all2 b its 
excell5ce1 :i* seem$ to (f] full sev5ty 
p\nds = e pipe1 t co/ p]haps only       
tw5ty-five1 or ?irty1 on  ! ,isl& (     
,madeira1 induc$ ! ,fr5*1 ,portugueze1 &
 "s ,engli%  speculators1 to emb>k on   
vessels "u ,imp]ial colors1 & to become 
rivals 9 a trade :i* c\ld n be> ext5sion
 beyond c]ta9 n>r[  limits4 ,all c\ld n 
be suppli$ at ,fon*all2 !re=e ,t5]iffe1 
&  o!r inf]ior w9es1 7 sub/itut$2 :]eby 
! depreciation ev5 (  ! be/ g5u9e       
,madeira 0 enhanc$1 & x fell1 9         
consequ5ce1 full  fifty p] c5t4 ,( late 
ye>s1 v little ( ! latt] has f\nd its   
way to ,india2 ! produce ( ! isl& be+   
almo/ :olly requir$ =  ! ,europe m>ket2 
b ! m]*ants 9 t qu>t] h f\nd out !  way 

to doctor ! inf]ior w9es ( ! neighb\r+  
isles1 s z to  sell !m at a good price1 
"u ! captivat+ titles ( #8,london       
,p>ticul>1' #8,london ,*oice ,p>ticul>  
,p>ticul>1' c4 c4    ,! l[ price to :i* 
,madeira fell1 7=1 9 #agha-b x _h be5 s 
high  z two ?\s& rupees p] pipe17 made a
 great *ange 9 ! affairs (  "s          
adv5tur]s1 :o _h anticipat$ ! gold5     
h>ve/ ) :i* !y  7 to return to ,europe4 
,! g5]al effects 7 highly b5eficial1 z  
! great] portion ( p]sons settl$ 9      
,calcutta1 c41 7 enabl$ to  pur*ase l>ge
 quantities2 :i*1 be+ kept 9 god[ns1    
7w>eh\ses  & cell>s17 gradually improv$ 
9 t hot climate1 &1 aft] a few  ye>s1   
became highly valuable4 ,_m g5tlem5     
avail$ !mselves ( !  l[ /ate ( ! m>kets 
to supply !mselves abundantly2 "s       
pur*as$  f =ty to sixty pipes1 & ?us    
secur$ to !mselves a supply (  capital  
w9e1 = _m ye>s consumption1 at a c]ta9  
price4    ,x is no uncommon ?+ to see   
,madeira1 :i* has be5 9 a g5tleman's    
god[n t5 ye>s 9 ! wood3 _m h mu* old]   

w9e 9 _!  possession2 a few c1 inde$1   
boa/ ( "s1 :i*1 ?\gh  inconceivably     
mild1 & ri* 9 flavor1 is extremely      
pot5t4 ,none w  attempt to produce1 at  
_! tables1 ,madeira t has n be5 two or  
?ree ye>s 9 ! c\ntry2 = ! new w9e is    
nei!r pleasant nor  :olesome1 & may be  
readily di/+ui%$ f ! old1  not)/&+ "s   
v5d]s are well skill$ 9 ! art ( add+1 9 
! c\rse ( a few h\rs1 _m ye>s ( age to !
 liquor4 ,among  ! milit>y1 x is f\nd   
be/ to pur*ase w9e t is kn[n to be (    
good quality1 & ( a c]ta9 age2 :i* is   
easily done1 ?r\gh !  sev]al            
ag5cy-h\ses2 all ( :i* h g5]ally l>ge   
quantities1 (  e description1 ei!r on   
commission1 or at comm&4 ,?is mode is f>
  pref]able to ! o!rwise g5]al practice 
( buy+ sev]al pipes1  ) a view to fill+ 
up ! ullage1 7say ( f\r1 f a fif?17 z  !
 cont5ts decrease4 ,by su* managem5t1   
any p]son settl$ at  ,calcutta1 or      
else:]e1 may1 9 ! c\rse ( five or six   
ye>s1 become  possess$ ( a /ock (       
excell5t ,madeira2 obs]v+1 h[ev]1 t1 9  

t "t1 e fif? pipe w h be5 drawn (f1 to  
fill up its  neighb\rs3 !re=e1 9 comput+
 ! value ( su* rema9+ pipes1  t ( ! pipe
 ?us exp5d$ mu/ be includ$4    ,no?+ c  
injure a c>go ( ,madeira m ?an ! pres5ce
 ( a cask  ( coal-t>3 x communicates to 
! w9e a mo/ nause\s flavor1 &  sc5t2    
r5d]+ x totally unfit = use4 ,i         
recollect1 ab\t sev5te5  ye>s ago1 d9+ )
 a ,g5]al ,(fic]1 :o _h inadv]t5tly     
all[$  8 ,madeira pipes to be sme>$ )   
coal-t>1 = ! purpose (  pres]v+ !m4     
,:e!r x _h t effect on ! wood ,i nev]   
took !  tr\ble to enquire1 b x c]ta9ly  
pres]v$ ! w9e2 :i*1 ,i  d\bt n1 may be 9
 exi/5ce to ?is day2 = x 0 really too   
pot5t1 ev5 = p>asitical /oma*s6    ,!   
price ( good ,madeira w9e t has be5 ?ree
 or f\r ye>s 9 !  c\ntry1 may be g5]ally
 /at$ at ab\t f\r hundr$ rupees1 equal  
to  #ej4 ,! pipes are n s l>ge z =m]ly1 
b w commonly run ab\t  =ty doz5s2 :i*   
br+s ! price p] doz5 ne>ly to tw5ty-five
  %ill+s1 or little m ?an two %ill+s p] 
bottle4 ,w9e ( !  fir/ quality may be   

ab\t fifty1 or ev5 sixty1 p] c5t4 de>]4 
,! ,port-w9e us$ 9 ,india is g5]ally ( a
 light k9d1 n unlike  :at we t]m        
#8,s\?ampton ,port3' ab\t t5 ye>s ago1  
:5 ,cl>et began  to be sc>ce1 a l>ge    
quantity 0 s5t out1 & 0 b\ght up )      
read9ess2 b1 on acc\nt ( its a/r+5t1 &1 
consequ5tly1  heat+1 quality1 x fell    
into disrepute4 ,x is1 nev]!less1 highly
  e/eem$ z a re/orative1 especially 9 a 
convalesc5t /ate aft]  ob/9ate          
b[el-compla9ts1 & 9 cases ( debility n  
proce$+ f  ob/ructions4    ,su*         
exceptions are1 inde$1 r>e2 =1 ,i       
believe1 v few ( ! local  diseases are  
exempt$ f su* connections ) ob/ruction3 
9 fact1  almo/ e ague1 :i* is a v common
 compla9t 9 _m p>ts ( !  c\ntry1 & is   
g5]ally designat$ ! #8,hill1' or #8!    
,jungle-fev]1'  accord+ to ! situation 9
 :i* x is eng5d]$1 ei!r orig9ates  f1 or
 resolves into1 confirm$ hepatitis4     
,port]1 pale-ale1 & table-be] ( great   
/r5g?1 are (t5 drank  aft] meals3 all ^!
 are f\nd 9 ! utmo/ p]fection1 =        

indiff]5t malt-liquors d n /& ! voyage2 
&1 ev5 %\ld !y  arrive 9 a s\nd /ate1   
w\ld meet no sale4 ,a tempor>y bev]age1 
suit$ to ! v hot wea!r1 & call$         
#8c\ntry-be]1' is 9 r  g5]al use1 ?\gh  
wat]1 artificially cool$1 is commonly   
drank dur+  ! repa/s3 9 tru?1 no?+ c be 
m gratify+ at su* a "t1  b especially   
aft] eat+ curry4 ,c\ntry-be] is made (  
ab\t  "o-fif? "p port]1 or be]1 ) a w9e 
glass full ( toddy1 7or  palm-w9e1 :i*  
is ! g5]al sub/itute = yea/17 a small   
quantity ( br[n sug>1 & a little grat$  
g+]1 or ! dri$ peel  ( ,seville oranges1
 or ( limes2 :i* are a small k9d (      
lemon1  ab\nd+ 9 citric acid1 & to be _h
 v *eap4    ,! great *eapness &         
abundance ( ! mat]ials1 add$ to !       
frequ5t & great ?ir/ to :i* ,europeans  
are subject :ile resid5t  9 ,india1 %\ld
 appe> to be /rong inducem5ts t[>d !    
free use (  pun*1 lemonade1 sang>ee1    
negus1 c4 ,! rev]se is ! case2 =1 ,i    
believe1 ) ! exception ( ! l[e/ classes1
 all su* bev]ages  are totally disc>d$3 

!y are delet]i\s2 r>ely fail+1 9 !  fir/
 in/ance1 to injure1 & ultimately       
disgrac+ all :o yield to  ! temptation4 
,=tunately1 t temptation is n v /rong2 z
  liquors ( a sup]ior quality are f\nd  
to be m :olesome1 m  pleasant1 &1 9 !   
long run1 n mu* de>]4 ,besides1 !re is a
  c]ta9 odium atta*es 9 t qu>t] to all  
:o are 9 ! habit (  dr9k+ spirits1 :e!r 
raw or dilut$4 ,9 a climate s ung5ial to
  ,european con/itutions1 & :]e1 z above
 said1 ?ir/ is (t5 v  di/ress+1 !       
frequ5t rec\rse to #8br&y %rob pauny'   
7br&y &  wat]7 nev] fails to produce t  
sotti%ness at all times despicable1  b  
peculi>ly unsuit$ to ,ori5tal society1 9
 :i* at lea/ !  bett] half are m5 ( v   
lib]al education1 & all are g5tlem54    
,9 say+ ?us mu*1 ,i b>ely d ju/ice to ! 
p]sons ( :om m5tion  is made2 = x may be
 said1 )\t fe> ( refutation1 t few]     
deviations f propriety are to be f\nd 9 
our ,indian settlem5ts1  ?an 9 "o-t5? ! 
numb] ( inhabitants ( ! same classes 9  
any  o!r c\ntry1 ^: mann]s & prop]ties1 

ei!r p]sonal  obs]vation1 or respectable
 au?ors1 h enabl$ me to e/imate4    ,?is
 results1 n simply f ! advantage almo/ e
 individual 9  ! ,company's s]vice1 & 9 
! m]cantile bran*es1 possesses1 (  hav+ 
be5 br\ght up 9 ! mo/ respectable       
sem9>ies1 c41 & (  be+ e>ly initiat$ 9 !
 walks ( decorum & integrity among _!   
respective fri5ds 9 ,europe2 x proce$s  
p>tially f ! nature (  ! climate1 & f t 
mode ( association :i* ! duties         
att5dant ^u ea* pr(ession1 z well z     
c]ta9 localities1 seem1  imp]i\sly      
inde$1 to inculcate4    ,i h be=e %ewn t
 tav]ns1 pun*-h\ses1 c41 are by no means
  places ( resort1 z 9 ,europe3 !re is  
no su* ?+ z a c(fee-room1  m]ely z su*2 
unless we s consid] ! few mansions (    
c]ta9 ,fr5*  & ,engli% traiteurs &      
re/aurateurs1 :o occasionally h to      
accommodate committees ( %ipp+1 or t[n  
meet+s1 c41 & :o s5d  out d9n]s to any  
"p ( ! t[n1 or its vic9ity1 on t]ms     
advantage\s to bo? p>ties4 ,!re=e1 "u   
su* exceptions1 :i*  are r>e1 & sett+   

ap>t ! civic op]ations ( ! beef-/eak    
clubs1 c41 x may prop]ly be said1 t     
c(fee-h\se association is  unkn[n 9     
,calcutta1 at lea/ among ! respectable  
memb]s ( !  community4 ,nei!r does any  
corps 9 ! ,company's s]vice keep a mess3
  all ! (fic]s d9e ei!r at home1 or 9   
small p>ties1 accord+ z  _! sev]al      
fancies1 or occasion1 may lead !m4 ,x is
 common to he>  "o or two ( a p>ty1 be=e
 !y retire f table1 :i* is always  done 
)\t ! lea/ c]emony1 enquire1 :o w d9e ) 
!m !  next day8 ,?us1 x is extremely    
easy to avoid any obnoxi\s p]son1 be  ! 
objection to him :at x may2 & z !       
omission ( any individual1  f ! ord9>y  
c\rse ( invitations ( su* a description1
 soon  produces explanation1 x is       
impossible t a p]son ( unpleasant       
mann]s1 or ( an indiff]5t "*1 c1 = any  
l5g? ( "t1  /& 8 gr\nd2 ! :ole circle1  
by degrees1 drop 8 acqua9tance1  :ile1 9
 lieu ( t fri5dly & famili> salutation  
:i* d5otes  approbation1 ! %unn$ (f5d]  
exp]i5ces ! mo/ di/ant1 & mo/  =bidd+   

res]ve4 ,be+ once condemn$1 some?+ m ?an
 ord9>y  mu/ appe> to produce 8         
re-admission3 = ! mo/ "p1 especially  if
 habitual inebriation be 9 "q1 ! unhappy
 man pursues 8  c>e]1 ei!r until ! grave
 may receive 8 dropsical rema9s1 or !   
,invalid ,e/abli%m5t af=ds him an asylum
 aga9/ ! mortify+  neglect ( 8 late     
associates4    ,?is k9d ( retirem5t1 (  
c\rse1 c only apply to milit>y  *>act]s1
 & c]ta9ly does inf9ite cr$it to !      
humanity ( ^?  :o tol]ate ! measure4 ,x 
may1 probably1 be urg$1 t su* an        
in/itution %\ld n be op5 to p]sons      
retir+ m]ely 9 consequ5ce  ( indulg5ce 9
 depravity2 or because !y are no long]  
acceptable  among _! =m] associates3 x  
may be ass]t$1 t ! admission (  su* m5  
)9 s honorable a pale1 mu/ be injuri\s  
bo? to !  "* ( ! corps1 & to ! feel+ (  
^? m]itori\s  individuals :o are        
compell$ by w\nds1 c41 to accept !      
b5efits (  t e/abli%m5t4 ,?is is        
und5iable2 b :5 we consid]1 t1  p]haps1 
aft] long s]vice 9 an oppressive        

climate1 ! be/ ( u may  be br\ght to t  
k9d ( conduct :i* disqualifies f milit>y
  s]vice1 x may n be too mu* to ass]t1 t
 ! concession &  indulg5ce ?us grant$1  
are at lea/ *>itable1 & (t5             
incontrov]tibly m]it$4    ,among !      
g5tlem5 ( ! civil s]vice1 ! society is  
f> less  div]sifi$ ?an ) u 9 ,europe2   
!re=e1 mu* facility is af=d$  t[>ds !   
evasion ( int]c\rse ) p]sons 9 any way  
unacceptable4  ,x mu/ at ! same "t be   
rem>k$1 t1 9 ?is in/ance1 ! mo/  lib]al 
consid]ation is v g5]ally exhibit$2 &1 t
 s long z  any hope ( re=m may rema91   
!re w r>ely be f\nd a disposition  to   
exile a man f t conv]se ) 8 c\ntrym51   
)\t :i* he  c nei!r pres]ve ! appe>ance 
( respectability among ! natives1  nor1 
9 all probability1 receive ! approbation
 ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,h5ce1  :at we commonly   
call a #8black-%eep1' is a mo/ m>k$1 &  
equally  =lorn "*1 ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/2 &1   
consequ5tly1 is v  sc>ce4    ,_m ye>s   
ago1 :5 x 0 cu/om>y = ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al1
 & "s  ( ! lead+ g5tlem51 su* z !       

,memb]s ( ,c\ncil1 c41 to h  public     
breakfa/s weekly1 p]sons ( all *>act]s  
mix$ promiscu\sly  at table2 good & bad 
7 to be se5 ar\nd ! same tea-pot4 ,?is  
occasion$ a native ( "s consequ5ce to   
rem>k1 t1 #8among  ,europeans1 all :o   
wore a hat & bree*es 7 g5tlem54' ,!     
s>casm  0 n1 h[ev]1 q applicable2 =1 !  
breakfa/ be+ consid]$  m]ely ! preface  
to a levee1 x 0 to be expect$ t1 on su* 
occasions1 p]sons ( e description w\ld  
be se51 :o1 hav+  public bus9ess to     
transact at ! levee1 naturally avail$   
!mselves  ( ! opportunity1 )\t ref]5ce  
to ! op9ions ( o!rs  reg>d+ _! private  
conduct4 ,aft] ! arrival ( ,m>quis      
,cornwallis1 ^! public breakfa/s 7      
discont9u$1 & op5 levees  sub/itut$4    
,?is 0 c]ta9ly pleasant] = bo? !        
,gov]nor & !  gov]n$4 ,h[ev]1 !re are1  
to ?is day1 ,i believe1 "s rema9s (  !  
=m] c]emony pres]v$1 among a few ( !    
pr9cipal g5try2 :o1  on c]ta9 days1     
expect to see _! fri5ds1 & su* o!rs z   
may  wi% to consult !m4 ,"s h two       

levees1 if we may s designate !m1       
weekly2 "o = ,europeans1 & "o = natives2
 b su* _c be  consid]$ (ficial4    ,a   
breakfa/ 9 ,india be>s a /rong          
resemblance to ! same meal 9  ,scotl&1 )
 ! exception ( :iskey2 ! introduction ( 
:i*1 7if  to be _h17 or ( any o!r       
spirits1 w\ld be consid]$ bo? nause\s  &
 vulg>4 ,! g5]al bill ( f>e1 at ?is "t1 
consi/s ( tea1  c(fee1 toa/1 bread1     
butt]1 eggs1 rice1 salt-fi%1 kit*]y1 7a 
k9d  ( olio17 v>i\s sweetmeats prep>$ 9 
! c\ntry1 especially  pres]v$ g+]1 &    
orange m>malade1 honey1 c42 &1 aft]     
hunt+  or %oot+1 occasionally cold meat1
 ) prop] accompanim5ts4    ,dur+ a great
 portion ( ! ye>1 breakfa/ may be       
consid]$ r a  sub/antial meal4 ,!       
g5]ality ( ,european g5tlem5 rise ab\t  
day-break1 & ei!r proce$ to ! p>ade1 to 
_! field div]sions1  or to ride on      
horseback1 or on elephants2 ?us enjoy+ !
 cool air (  ! morn+4 ,f ! middle ( ,m>*
 to ! middle ( ,octob]1 ! sun  is v     
p[]ful1 ev5 :5 ! atmosph]e is ov]ca/ )  

cl\ds (  great d5sity4 ,?is induces all 
:o ride = heal?1 or = pleasure1 to      
avoid viol5t ex]cise2 !y proce$+1       
g5]ally 9 small p>ties1  ea* g5tleman   
be+ att5d$ by 8 syce1 :o c>ries a :isk  
made (  horse-hair1 fa/5$ to a %ort     
lacqu]$ /ick1 = ! purpose (  driv+ away 
! flies1 :i* are g5]ally v tr\blesome   
bo? to !  horses & to _! rid]s4 ,x is n 
uncommon to see ! backs ( !  latt] cov]$
 ) ^! noxi\s p>asites1 :i*1 by _! buzz+1
  & _! attempts to alight on ! face1    
produce extreme irritation4  ,dur+ "s "p
 ( ! ye>1 :5 sc>ce a leaf is 9 motion1 &
 !  cl\ds hang v l[1 ex]cise1 ev5 s e>ly
 9 ! morn+1 is (t5  f\nd m injuri\s ?an 
refre%+3 at su* seasons1 no?+ b !       
abundant p]spiration :i* !n relaxes !   
:ole frame1 & absolutely  oozes ?r\gh ! 
light cloa?+ 9 common use1 c\ld prev5t !
  occurr5ce ( diseases highly           
inflammatory4 ,_m feel s uneasy1 9      
consequ5ce ( ?is unpleasant exudation1 z
 to be induc$ to *ange  _! l95 ?ree or  
f\r times )9 ! day2 b1 h[ev] refre%+    

su* a *ange may prove1 x is by no means 
to be comm5d$2 exp]i5ce  prov+ t        
consid]able pro/ration ( /r5g? is !     
insep>able  consequ5ce ( s ill-judg$ an 
indulg5ce4 ,! be/ plan is1 to h  night  
app>el1 & to ride out 9 ! l95 worn dur+ 
! prec$+  ev5+2 *ang+ = a clean suit on 
return+1 s z to sit d[n to  breakfa/ 9  
com=t4    ,^? :o are subject to bile _c 
be too cauti\s 9 reg>d to _!  diet2 :i* 
%\ld be r sp>+1 & conf9$ to vi&s dress$ 
9  a simple mann]4 ,_m g5tlem5 ( !      
faculty1 9 ,engl&1 ent]ta9 an  op9ion1 t
 eggs1 mod]ately boil$1 are r b5eficial1
 ?an  o!rwise1 9 bili\s cases3 ! idea !y
 ent]ta9 is1 t ! yolk  assimilates ) !  
bile1 & c>ries x (f4 ,b practice is     
bett]  ?an !ory2 & x is to be wi%$1 t   
su* z ma9ta9 ! above  hypo!sis c\ld view
 ! numb] ( pati5ts :o may be said to owe
  _! pa9s & sorr[s m]ely to ! practice (
 eat+ eggs =  breakfa/4 ,9 ?is climate1 
to a p]son possess+ a robu/             
con/itution1 & ^: /oma* might vie ) t ( 
an o/ri*1 eggs  may be innoc5t2 b1 9 !  

,ea/1 :]e relaxation weak5s ! p[]s  (   
dige/ion1 !y are by no means a prop]    
article ( diet4 ,if1 z  physicians      
ass]t1 assimilation takes place1 x      
assur$ly is on !  wrong side ( ! "q2 =  
,i believe all ori5tal practition]s  w  
all[1 t ! bile is consid]ably augm5t$1 b
 n c>ri$  (f1 by eggs4    ,h[ev]        
grateful _m ( ! o!r items1 su* z        
salt-fi%1 c41 may  be1 !y c]ta9ly _c t5d
 mu* to ! pres]vation ( heal?2  !re=e1  
%\ld be disc>d$ f ! breakfa/ table4 ,i  
speak  feel+ly2 =1 al?\gh ,i did n      
possess suffici5t resolution to  )/& :at
 !n appe>$ a v allur+ temptation1 ,i h  
n[ !  c&or to confess1 t ?ir/1 heat1 &  
uneas9ess 7 g5]ally  att5dant ^u my     
imprud5ce1 & no d\bt occasion$ me to    
swall[ _m  a nause\s dose1 :i* might h  
be5 avoid$ by a mod]ate %>e (           
discretion4 ,!re=e1 let me /rongly      
recomm5d to ^? ( my juv5ile  read]s :o  
may be ab\t to proce$ to ,india1 n to   
indulge 9  breakfa/s su* z ,i h         
describ$4    ,! tea us$ 9 ,india is     

g5]ally :at we call gre51 or hyson2 v   
little bohea be+ drank4 ,x is v r>ely t 
ei!r k9d c be  obta9$ good2 inde$1 !    
climate spe$ily r5d]s tea unfit = use1  
if at all expos$ to ! air3 on ?is       
acc\nt1 lead5 catties ( v>i\s  sizes1 b 
g5]ally conta9+ f f\r to t5 p\nds1 are  
employ$  = pres]v+ x4 ,^! catties fit 9 
pairs1 or1 if l>ge1 s+ly1  into neat    
boxes provid$ ) locks4 ,b little tea be+
 sold retail1  x is usual = a few       
fri5ds1 p]haps ?ree or f\r1 to club1 &  
buy a  *e/2 :i* may be _h = ab\t #aej1  
or ev5 s high z #bjj rupees  7#be74     
,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! price ( ! be/ teas1 
:i*  occasionally sell = ne>ly d\ble !  
latt] sum1 unless !re may be  a v l>ge  
supply at m>ket2 :51 z x is a v p]i%able
  commodity1 ! prices sometimes fall ev5
 bel[ prime co/4 ,to say !  tru?1 x     
r>ely matt]s mu* :e!r ! tea be good1 or 
bad2 = x is  always made at a side-table
 by "s m5ial :o kn[s no?+ ( !  matt]1 & 
:o nev] ta/es x himself3 h5ce1 a cup (  
good tea is  really a r>ity2 :i* mu/    

appe> extraord9>y1 :5 x is recollect$  t
 _m vessels import at ,calcutta 9 five  
or six weeks only f  ,*9a4    ,! ,arabs 
n[ convey imm5se quantities ( f9e c(fee 
f ,mo*a to  e "p ( ,india2 b !y sell x  
at a high price1 g5]ally f  =ty to sixty
 rupees1 or ev5 m1 p] maund ( #hblb42   
:i* br+s  x1 at ! latt] rate1 to #cs4   
#i;d4 p] lb4 9 its raw /ate4 ,b\rbon  & 
! ,mauritius raise c(fee1 b ( an inf]ior
 quality2 &1 )9  ^! few ye>s1           
consid]able plantations h be5 =m$ at    
,*ittagong2 b ! produce1 ?\gh abundant1 
_c comp>e ) ev5  ! ,fr5* c(fee4    ,i h 
(t5 _h c(fee t ta/$ v salt1 & r bitt]1 !
  cause ( :i* 0 !n unkn[n to me2 b a    
g5tleman1 :o 0 #8up to  ! trick1' assur$
 me x 0 occasion$ by ! frazils 7or      
baskets7  be+ imm]s$ 9 seawat]1 9 ord]  
to give ! b]ries t gre5i%1  horny       
appe>ance1 :i* is suppos$ to be !       
indication ( a sup]ior  quality4        
,sug>-c&y is always us$ = mak+ tea1     
c(fee1 &1 inde$1 = all  su* purposes3 x 
is to be _h ( v>i\s degrees ( purity1 & 

ei!r  ( indig5\s manufacture1 or import$
 f ,*9a4 ,! =m] k9d is  sold by ! maund1
 & may be e/imat$ at f tw5ty to =ty     
rupees2  ! latt] 9 tubs made ( ?9 deal1 
& o!r light wood1 9 :i* !  c&y is pack$ 
among dri$ bamboo-leaves4 ,! price ( a  
tub is usually  ab\t tw5ty rupees1 7m or
 less1 z ! m>kets may /&17 = :i*  ab\t  
sixty p\nds weight are obta9$4          
,al?\gh ! sug>-cane is1 by _m1 suppos$  
to be indig5\s 9 ,india1  yet x has only
 be5 )9 ! la/ fifty ye>s t x has be5    
cultivat$ to any great ext5t3 s9ce !    
failure :i* took place "s  tw5ty ye>s   
back 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 x has become a   
mo/ important  article ( comm]ce4       
,/range to say1 ! only sug>-c&y us$     
until  t "t 0 receiv$ f ,*9a2 latt]ly1  
h[ev]1 _m g5tlem5  h speculat$ deeply 9 
! manufacture1 &1 by s]v+ !mselves      
ri*ly1 h rescu$ ! c\ntry f a v impolitic
 bran* (  imposition4 ,we n[ see        
sug>-c&y1 ( ! fir/ quality1 manufactur$ 
9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,b5gal1 &1 ,i believe x  
is at l5g? admitt$1  t ! raw sug>s f t  

qu>t] are pre-em95tly good4 ,i h  lately
 _h occasion to pur*ase "s ( a v sup]ior
 f95ess1 call$  ,soonamooky1 f a place (
 t "n 9 ! ,burdwan di/rict1 :i*  0 z    
high z elev5-p5ce p] p\nd4    ,ab\t     
?irty-two ye>s ago1 ! common raw sug>1  
kn[n by ! "n (  g'hoor1 0 to be _h at   
?ree rupees p] maund ( #iflb4 9 ! upp]  
prov9ces3 ?is 0 ab\t ?ree f>?+s p] p\nd2
 = a ,sonaut or  ,t]sooly rupee !n 0    
ex*ang$ at ab\t two %ill+s1 or ev5 s  l[
 z "o %ill+ & t5-p5ce4 ,9 consequ5ce ( !
 great dem&  = ! article1 x rose        
gradually1 b 9 comp>atively a v %ort    
"t1 to eight rupees ! maund ( #gblb42 & 
x has be5 s high z  twelve rupees1 b n1 
,i believe1 = any l5g? ( "t3 p>tial     
in/ances c\ld be quot$1 ( ev5 f\rte5    
rupees be+ giv54    ,! sup]ior k9d1 :i* 
may (t5 be _h ne>ly :ite1 at lea/ ( a   
dove color1 p]fectly dry1 & %>p gra9$1  
"u ! "n (  *e5y1 0 =m]ly ab\t sev51 or  
eight1 rupees p] maund 7(  #iflb472 (   
late1 x has ris5 to full fifte52 & has  
be5 up to  tw5ty4    ,! sug>-c&y made 9 

,india1 :]e x is kn[n by ! "n (  misc]y1
 be>s a price suit$ to its quality3 "s  
may be _h at  tw5ty1 & "s up z high z   
=ty1 rupees p] maund 7#hblb74 ,x is     
usually made 9 small conical pots1 :5ce 
x concretes into masses1  weigh+ f ?ree 
to six p\nds ea*4    ,= fur!r in=mation1
 ,i mu/ ref] my read]s to ,mr4          
,colebrooke's  excell5t ,essay on !     
,husb&ry ( ,b5gal4    ,bread is n made (
 fl\r1 b ( ! he>t ( ! :eat1 :i* is v    
f9e1 gr\nd into :at is call$ soojy2 a   
k9d ( meal1 s f> f  be+ pulv]iz$1 z to  
be> a /rong resemblance to r co>se s&4  
,soojy is knead$ ! same z is done )     
fl\r1 b !re be+ no  yea/ 9 ! c\ntry1 7,i
 mean su* z we "k by t "n17 x is  leav5$
 by means ( toddy2 :i* is ! juice obta9$
 by mak+  incisions into ! taul1 7or    
palm-tree17 already describ$4 ,9 _m     
p>ts ( ,india1 taul trees are v sc>ce1 &
 are c>efully  pres]v$ = ! sake ( !     
toddy1 :i* is sold to ! nonbaies1  7or  
bak]s17 at a high price4 ,9 ,bah> ^!    
trees are peculi>ly  abundant3 !re we   

(t5 see groves1 ( hundr$s ^u hundr$s1   
let out  to ! kulw>s1 or di/ill]s1 to   
great advantage4 ,^! v5d]s (  mis]y h ! 
art ( r5d]+ ! toddy peculi>ly pot5t1 by 
caus+ x to "w ^u ! k]nels ( ! datura1 t 
gr[s wild 9  e "p ( ,india1 & possesses 
9 e "p1 :e!r ! /em1  root1 leaf1 or nut1
 a mo/ delet]i\s prop]ty4 ,toddy1 t has 
be5  /rongly impregnat$ ) datura1 7:i*  
is ! "n x be>s 9 !  ,ea/17 acts v       
rapidly on ! bra92 produc+ mania1 &1 n  
unfrequ5tly1 apoplexy1 :5 drank to      
excess4    ,! bread is usually made into
 small loaves1 weigh+ ab\t a p\nd  ea*2 
^! are call$ #8s+le-loaves' & may       
g5]ally sell f  fifte51 to tw5ty1 = a   
rupee2 :i* br+s ! bread to ab\t ?ree    
half-p5ce1 to two-p5ce1 p] p\nd4        
#8,d\ble loaves' include d\ble !        
weight1 & sell 9 proportion4 ,a l>ge    
portion1 ( bo? sizes1 is bak$  9 t9     
m\lds1 ( a brick =m2 ^! are g5]ally     
pref]r$1 on  acc\nt ( _! r>ely scor*+1 &
 n requir+ to be rasp$1 z  all ! o!r    
bread1 bak$ 9 ! =m ( heavy cakes1       

g5]ally does4    ,soojy1 7! basis ( !   
bread17 is frequ5tly boil$ into         
#8/ir-ab\t' = breakfa/2 & eat5 ) milk1  
salt1 & butt]2  ?\gh "s ( ! m zeal\s may
 be se5 to moi/5 ) port]2 a  curi\s     
m$ley1 by no means to my ta/e6 ,nor is  
mu* to be said ( its  qualities2 z few  
/oma*s are suit$ to its reception4    ,!
 camp-ov5 9 common use1 consi/s m]ely ( 
a v l>ge naud1 or  pot1 capable (       
conta9+ f ?irty to fifty gallons1 & ( r 
a  conical =m4 ,?is vessel is prep>$ = !
 purpose1 by hav+ a hole  pun*$ ?r\gh   
its bottom1 l>ge en\gh to admit a man's 
arm2 x is  !n plac$1 m\? d[nw>ds1 ov] a 
correspond+ cavity1 dug out (  ! soil1 s
 z to fit close e way2 b1 9 ord] to all[
 a prop]  draught ( air1 two1 or m1     
slop+ ap]tures are left1 pass+ "u  !    
circumf]5ce ( ! naud4 ,! vessel is next 
well cov]$ )  turf1 c41 & ?us r5d]$     
capable ( reta9+ consid]able heat1  long
 en\gh to bake small bread4 ,! int]ior  
be+ fill$ ) *ips (  wood1 *>coal1       
gutties1 7i4e4 dri$ c[-dung17 or any o!r

 k9d (  fuel t may be at h&1 a /rong    
fire is kept up 9 x1 until !  naud      
appe>s to be ne>ly at a r$ heat4 ,!     
hole1 :i* s]v$ = a  *imney1 is !n clos$2
 &1 ! emb]s be+ )drawn1 ! bread is      
introduc$ ^u pieces ( iron plate1 or (  
t91 or bo>ds1 or leaves1  c41 c4    ,i  
%\ld "h rem>k1 t ! natives inv>iably eat
 unleav5$ bread1  g5]ally made ( :eat51 
or ( b>ley-meal2 :i*1 be+ made into a   
good d\gh1 is flatt5$ into cakes1 call$ 
*[-patties1 betwe5 !  h&s1 ) v great    
dext]ity4 ,su* cakes are !n ei!r put at 
!  edges ( ! heat$ *oolah1 or           
fire-place1 or !y are bak$ ^u a  convex 
plate ( iron1 circul>1 & ab\t t5 in*es1 
or a foot1 9  diamet]4 ,?is plate1 call$
 a t[ah1 is precisely ! same z !  girdle
 made 9 ,scotl& = bak+ _! oat5 bread1 & 
is us$ 9  ! same mann]4    ,milk is to  
be _h 9 abundance ?r\gh\t ,india1       
especially among !  ,h9dus1 :o v5]ate ! 
c[1 & foll[ all occupations relat+ to ! 
dairy2 b1 ow+ to ! g5]al cu/om ( smok+ !
 insides (  :atev] vessels are allott$  

to its reception1 w n be obta9able  9   
su* a /ate z suits ! palate ( an        
,european1 unless a clean  pit*]1 c41 be
 s5t to ! gwallah1 or c[-keep]1 t ! c[  
may  be milk$ into x4    ,t fulig9\s    
ta/e1 to u s obnoxi\s1 is p]fectly      
palatable1 &  p]haps agreeable1 to !    
natives2 :o assign1 z ! reason = smok+  
_! vessels1 t x prev5ts ! milk f turn+4 
,x1 h[ev]1  becomes a "q1 :e!r or n !   
op]ation ( scald+1 always  p]=m$ :5     
practicable1 :ile ! milk is w>m1 be n ! 
true  prev5tive aga9/ acidulation4      
,c]ta9 x is1 t s\r milk is v  r>ely f\nd
 9 ,india1 al?\gh1 = full half ! ye>1 ! 
!rmomet]  is g5]ally up betwe5 #ge1 &   
#ie1 9 ! %ade2 &1 9 a ,b5gallee  hut1   
frequ5tly ris+ to #aaj1 or m6    ,! milk
 obta9$ f buffaloes is c]ta9ly mu* ri*] 
?an t f  c[s2 yet1 ! butt] produc$ f !  
=m] is v inf]ior1  g5]ally :ite1 &      
brittle3 x1 h[ev]1 possesses qualities  
suit+  x admirably to ! climate1 &      
occasion+ ! natives to give x !         
pref]5ce4 ,aft] be+ w>m$ to a c]ta9     

degree1 s z to become  r liquifi$1 x is 
kept ne>ly /ation>y 9 t /ate = a long   
"t2 :]eby x loses its aque\s p>ticles1 &
 is r5d]$ fit =  keep+4 ,:5 ?us treat$1 
x is call$ ghee4 ,o!rs deviate f  ?is   
t$i\s process1 &1 by expos+ x to a      
great] heat1 keep+ x  simm]+ = "s "t1   
effect ! purpose m spe$ily1 b n  )\t    
dang] ( burn+1 or1 at lea/1 ( giv+ x a  
c]ta9  empyreumatic flavor4 ,few ( !    
natives w t\* c[-butt]1 to :i*  !y      
attribute _m bad effects1 ?\gh !y w dr9k
 ghee by !  qu>t1 & pride !mselves n a  
little 9 be+ able to af=d s  lusci\s an 
enjoym5t4 ,! uncontroll$ exp5diture (   
?is article1  among ^? ^: purses w be>  
!m out 9 ! indulg5ce1 ?\gh x  may t5d to
 t obesity ( :i* !y are inord9ately va91
 _c b  contribute greatly to ! g5]ation 
( ^? bili\s diseases :i* s  (t5 attack !
 m opul5t natives4 ,ghee & idl5ess may  
be said  to give bir? to half _! ail+s4 
,z an article ( comm]ce1 ghee  possesses
 "s claim to importance2 _m ?\s&s (     
maunds be+ s5t  e season f "s ( ! graz+ 

di/ricts1 su* z ,purneah1 &             
,sirc>-s>un1 to ! m cultivat$ p>ts1 &   
especially to !  we/]n prov9ces4 ,! ghee
 is g5]ally convey$ 9 dubbahs1 or       
bottles made ( gre5 hide1 :i*1 be+ fre$ 
f ! hair1 & work$  up :ile 9 a pliant   
/ate1 into ! =m ( a c>aboy1 su* z we use
  = spirits ( turp5t9e1 c41 w keep sweet
 = a long "t1  provid$ ! m\? ( ! vessel 
be well clos$4 ,9 ?is mann] x is        
convey$ by wat] 9 dubbahs1 (t5 measur+  
ne>ly a hog%ead2 b a  small] k9d1       
conta9+1 p]haps1 f fifte5 to tw5ty      
gallons ea*1  are made = ! purpose ( be+
 slung across ! backs ( bullocks1 by    
:i* x is c>ri$ to places situat$ at a   
di/ance f navigable  /reams4 ,! price ( 
ghee v>ies accord+ to ! dem&1 & to its  
quality3 g5]ally1 f six to eight se]s ( 
#blb4 ea* may be _h =  a rupee 9        
favorable situations2 o!rwise1 x w be f 
?irty to  fifty p] c5t4 de>]4 ,x may be 
suppos$ t buffaloes' milk mu/  possess a
 v consid]able portion ( cream1 :5 x is 
/at$1 t  milk is consid]$ v *eap at #cj 

se]s 7or qu>ts7 = a rupee1 &  t five    
se]s ( ghee1 equal to "o-six? ( ! mass (
 milk1 may  be _h = ! same sum1 9 almo/ 
any "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,accord+ to  ?is     
proportion1 we f9d t "o-six? "p ( ! milk
 turns to  butt]2 :]eas1 9 ?is c\ntry1 a
 c[1 yield+ tw5ty gallons ( milk  )9 !  
week1 w r>ely produce t5 p\nds ( butt]2 
:i* is  equal to only "o-eigh? "p ( !   
mass ( milk3 x mu/1 inde$1 be a  good c[
 t w produce t quantity4    ,! d'hoob   
grass1 :i* gr[s wild 9 almo/ e "p ( !   
c\ntry1 is peculi>ly nutriti\s2 b ! food
 ( cattle1 ( all  descriptions1 ?r\gh\t 
,india1 is m dry & solid ?an is (f]$ to 
c[s 9 ,engl&4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh ! quantity (  
milk yield$ by a  buffalo1 may n be     
equal to t ( an ,engli% c[ ( equal      
weight1 !  produce 9 butt]1 f an equal  
quantity ( milk1 w be 9 favor (  ! =m]4 
,i h already /at$ ! difficulty ( gett+  
milk devoid ( ! ta/e  ( smoke2 ?is      
arises f ! cause already describ$1 & is 
encreas$  by ! v small proportion ( milk
 yield$ by ! c[s 9 ,india1 :i*  are1 )  

few exceptions1 :ite1 & r>ely gr[ l>g]  
?an !  g5]ality ( ye>l+s1 or /e]s1 br$ 9
 ,engl&4 ,9 "s graz+  di/ricts !y ?rive 
well1 atta9+ to full ?irte5 h&s 9       
height1  & weigh+1 :5 fit = ! but*]1 f  
f\r to five hundr$  weight3 b su* are   
m]ely local1 & n v num]\s4 ,butt]       
produc$ f c[s' milk is v indiff]5t1     
unless c>efully made f  su* z are well  
f$4 ,! numb] ( g5tlem5 keep+ dairies is 
extremely conf9$1 p]haps less ?an t5 =  
all ,india3 !y c]ta9ly  obta9 excell5t  
butt]1 b t sold by ! muckun-wallahs1    
7i4e4  ! butt]-m517 w\ld appe>1 to a    
/rang]1 n to be made f !  same species (
 animals4 ,consid]+ ! price ( a c[1 :i* 
may be  av]ag$ at f f\r rupees to eight1
 7i4e4 f t5 to tw5ty  %ill+s17 x is     
rem>kably de>1 z is usually ! case )    
articles  ( inf]ior quality3 ?us1 we    
consid] ?ree p\nds = a rupee to be a    
fair rate1 ?\gh sometimes f\r may be _h2
 b su* c only happ5  :]e cattle are v   
abundant2 =1 z ,i h already said1       
buffaloes1  & n c[s1 are almo/ inv>iably

 kept by ! natives = _! milk1  on acc\nt
 ( _! great] produce1 & because ! ghee  
made f  _! butt] is m appreciat$4 ,we   
may1 !re=e1 e/imate ! p\nd  ( c[-butt]  
at n9e-p5ce2 :]eas1 ghee r>ely sells = m
 ?an  ?ree-p5ce3 a /range disproportion2
 to be attribut$1 9 "s measure1  to !   
dem& = ! =m] be+ conf9$ to ! ,europeans4
    ,9 speak+ ( ! b]ri>ah1 or %eph]d1 ,i
 h already notic$1  t1 = ! supply ( _!  
tea-tables1 g5tlem5 usually keep a few  
goats1 :i* af=d milk ( a rem>kably f9e  
quality1 & are h]d$ 9  company ) ^? /ore
 %eep int5d$ to supply vacancies among !
  fatt+ /ock4 ,! kids produc$1 g5]ally  
twice 9 ! ye>1 by ea*  mil*-goat1 7mo/ly
 tw9s1 & n unfrequ5tly tr9s1 or ev5 f\r1
 at  a bir?17 s]ve to keep up ! numb] ( 
! flock1 besides yield+  occasionally a 
mo/ delicate vi& = ! table4 ,i "k n (   
any meat  m sweet1 or :olesome1 ?an t ( 
a kid all[$ to suck ! "m  at pleasure3 x
 is z :ite1 &1 9 proportion1 z fat z any
 veal4  ,be+ 9 g5]al reque/1 & admirably
 suit$ to mak+ ri* curries1  z also     

roa/+ rem>kably well1 kid-meat may be _h
 ( any but*]2  ! usual price be+ a rupee
 = a :ole kid1 & 9 proportion =  halves 
& qu>t]s4 ,:5 ( a good size1 & duly     
fatt$1 an entire "o  may weigh ab\t six 
p\nds2 :i* br+s ! meat to five-p5ce p]  
p\nd4    ,by ! ^w but*]1 we are n to    
und]/& ! individual to be a  %op-keep]1 
expos+ ! sev]al jo9ts ( v>i\s animals = 
sale1 9  t pleas+ mode ( exhibition s   
common 9 our m>kets4 ,on !  contr>y1 a  
fat kussee 7i4e4 cut-goat17 or two1 &   
two or ?ree  kids1 daily1 )1 n[ & !n1 a 
half-fatt$ ox dur+ ! cold  mon?s1 may be
 said to comprize ! :ole bus9ess ( "o ( 
?is  pr(ession 9 full trade2 inde$1 a   
fir/-rate knight ( ! cleav]6  ,! great] 
"p ( ! pr(it aris+ to ?is class1 is     
d]iv$ f  slaught]+ ox51 calves1 pigs1   
%eep1 & kids1 = families2 =  :i* labor  
!y ord9>ily receive a few annas1 7or    
two-p5ces17  accord+ to ! size ( !      
animal3 9 mo/ in/ances !y take !  sk91  
pluck1 &1 ( "s1 ! head1 z a p]quisite4  
,x is impossible to produce f9] mutton  

?an is s]v$ ^u table 9  ,india2 nor c   
!re be f9] beef ?an is to be se5 9 mo/  
cantonm5ts1 & among fix$ resid5ts4 ,at  
"s ( ! pr9cipal  milit>y & civil        
/ations1 ^? g5tlem5 :o keep a regul>    
table1  usually fatt5 sev]al bullocks = 
w9t] slaught]+4 ,"s ( ^!  are f$ full   
two ye>s1 ) t int5t1 on gram2 &1        
exclusive (  be+ bur!n$ ) fat on !      
kidneys1 c41 h _! fle%  absolutely m>bl$
 by ! admixture ( fat among ! fle%y     
p>ts4  ,sometimes1 ! (fic]s ( a regim5t 
club to fatt5 f\r or five head1  ! jo9ts
 ( :i* are ei!r divid$ accord+ to mutual
 concurr5ce1  or drawn = by lot3 ?is    
supplies fre% beef dur+ ! w9t] season2  
v few bullocks be+ kill$ at any o!r "t1 
on acc\nt ( !  extreme difficulty ( cur+
 ! meat4 ,to p]sons inexp]i5c$ z to  !  
ha/y /rides ( putrefaction 9 hot        
climates1 ?is =be>ance f  beef1 = s l>ge
 a portion ( ! ye>1 might appe>         
unnecess>y2 b  ! fact is1 t1 dur+ !     
close wea!r1 preval5t ?r\gh\t !  ra9s1 &
 = a c]ta9 "p ( ! hot season1 meat1 ?\gh

 kill$  only ab\t midnight1 w (t5 become
 absolutely putrid long be=e !  "t at   
:i* x ought to be on ! spit2 & t1 too1 9
 spite (  e precaution6    ,! m>kets at 
,calcutta are op5 at daybreak2 :5 v f9e 
meat1 (  e k9d1 toge!r ) v>i\s sorts (  
*oice fi%1 fruits1  vegetables1 c41 may 
be _h on v reasonable t]ms4 ,!re1 inde$1
  beef may sometimes be se5 9 ! hotte/  
wea!r2 because1 be+ cut up  into small  
jo9ts1 a bullock may be readily sold (f 
among s _m  cu/om]s2 b1 9 g5]al1 ! prime
 pieces1 toge!r ) all ! be/  fi%1 c41 w 
h be5 b\ght up by sunrise3 ! refuse     
jo9ts are  g5]ally tak5 by !            
,portugueze1 7:o are ! only cu/om]s =   
baz>-pork17 & by ,europeans ( ! l[]     
classes1 or by p]sons :o  supply !      
%ipp+4 ,! :ole ( ! non-commission$ &    
privates1 9  ! sev]al regim5ts (        
,europeans1 are s]v$ ) meat1 rice1      
spirits1  & fire-wood1 by contract2     
receiv+ _! sev]al quotas e>ly 9 !       
morn+1 "u ! inspection ( _! commission$ 
(fic]s1 :o make  _! reports reg>d+ any  

defici5cies1 ei!r 9 quantity1 or (      
quality4    ,^? g5tlem5 :o produce pork 
at _! tables1 are extremely  p>ticul> z 
to ! mann] 9 :i* _! pigs are f$4 ,_m are
 s  extremely fa/idi\s1 z n to all[ any 
to be s]v$ up unless  educat$1 z x is   
call$1 9 _! own /ies2 ! v circum/ance  (
 be+ born else:]e1 absolutely           
disqualify+1 & r5d]+ ( no  avail1 all t 
*ange ( bulk1 & all t purification1     
d]iv$ f  p]haps a :ole ye> ( conf9em5t  
to a clean /ye2 9 :i* no?+  b ! be/ corn
 7gram7 is giv5 to ! grunt+ inhabitant4 
,?is1  c]ta9ly1 is c>ry+ da9t9ess to an 
extreme2 b x mu/ be  confess$1 t sw9e   
are s (f5sively gre$y 9 ! indulg5ce (   
_! appetites 9 t "p ( ! _w1 z to give   
occasion = _m  v reasonable scruples    
reg>d+ ! use ( baz>-pork2 :i* is        
indiscrim9ately kill$ f ! fatte/ ( ^?   
w&]]s t  sometimes absolutely int]rupt !
 op]ations ( ! multitude1 :o  resort1   
g5]ally at dusk1 & at day-break1 to lay 
_! (f]+s at  ! %r9e ( a c]ta9 deity6    
,?is calls to m9d a v laughable         

circum/ance :i* happ5$ at  ,b]hampore1 9
 #ahjc4 ,an (fic]1 :o _h be5 _m ye>s at 
,gibralt>1  :]e a jo9t ( meat1 ( any    
k9d1 0 probably snapp$ up )\t any       
que/ions be+ ask$ z to its education1   
produc$ at 8 table a  v f9e corn$ leg ( 
pork1 ( :i* all 8 gue/s ate ) great     
avidity4 ,"o ( !m1 :5 ! repa/ 0 ov]1    
begg$ leave to enquire  h[ ! g5tleman   
kept 8 pigs2 :at _h be5 !n on table1 be+
 (  s sup]ior a flavor1 t he presum$ x 0
 educat$ 9 "s v  p>ticul> mann]4 #8,oh  
no1' answ]$ ! ho/1 #8,i nev] tr\ble my  
head  ab\t /ies2 my man b\ght a :ole    
side ( x ?is morn+ ( ,neeloo !  but*]1 =
 eight annas' 7#ae;d47 ,?is untimely    
disclosure op]at$ n  only l magic1 b l  
emetic t>t>2 ! :ole company 7 tak5  )   
viol5t sickness1 & retir$ to give v5t1  
bo? to ! pork1 &  to _! feel+s1 on s    
dreadful an occasion4 ,h[ev]1 none di$ 9
  consequ5ce ( hav+ be5 ?us poison$2 b !
 :ole /ation receiv$  ! tale ) horror1 &
 resolv$1 to a man1 nev] to accept ano!r
  invitation f ! un=tunate h]o ( ! rock6

    ,:e!r x be ow+ to ! =ego+ cause1 or1
 t ! "t necess>y  = ! completion ( a    
pig's #8education1' be too protract$ to 
all[  ( p]sons1 subject to removal1     
engag+ 9 t bran* ( dome/ic  economy1 may
 be difficult to det]m9e1 b c]ta9 x is1 
t v few  (fic]s h pigg]ies2 !y commonly 
cont5t !mselves ) hams &  *eeks import$ 
to !m f ,engl&4 ,! grossness ( ! vi& is1
  h[ev]1 s v inappropriate to ! climate1
 t1 ev5 aft] ! mo/  delicate c\rse (    
managem5t1 pork is by no means consid]$ 
a *oice  di%3 suck+ pigs are m g5]ally  
approv$4    ,veal is s v seldom to be   
obta9$ 9 ! m>ket1 ( a quality fit to  be
 br\ght to table1 t x is cu/om>y = f\r  
or five fri5ds to  subscribe = ! purpose
 ( re>+ calves = _! own exp5diture2  ea*
 tak+ a %>e ( e calf t is slaught]$4 ,! 
be/1 &  mo/ economical plan1 is to agree
 ) "s but*]1 ?r\gh ^: means  alone x c 9
 g5]al be effect$1 to receive ( him a c[
 & calf1  ! latt] be+ newly born1 & to  
return him ! "m1 aft] !  calf may h be5 
kill$1 toge!r ) f\r rupees 7#ajs47 ,by  

?is  mode1 ! calf w ?rive admirably1    
provid$ ! c[ be well f$2 b  x is usual1 
& ,i h practis$ x ) great success1 to   
give !  little "o z mu* scald$ milk z x 
c dr9k1 ?ree times daily2  dr5*+ x )    
ei!r a horn1 or a qu>t-bottle3 f ?ree to
 f\r  qu>ts1 9 ea* ( :i* ! yolk ( a fre%
 egg is beat up1 w  commonly produce !  
desir$ effect1 r5d]+ ! meat v f9e by !  
end ( a mon?2 ! usual age at :i* !y are 
slaught]$4 ,:at )  ! keep ( ! "m1 ! milk
 & eggs giv5 to ! calf1 & !  necess>y   
att5dance1 a gold-mohur1 7#b417 w       
g5]ally be exp5d$  ^u ea* calf1 unless  
sev]al be kept toge!r z a successive    
supply  = ! table2 9 :i* case1 ab\t     
twelve rupees w be f\nd !  av]age       
exp5ce4 ,9 ?is1 ,i reckon ! out-lay ^u a
 calf t w n[  & !n1 p]haps "o 9 five1   
prove a bad subject2 &1 not)/&+  e      
precaution1 ei!r sc\r or p9e4    ,x is a
 great mis=tune t1 on acc\nt ( ! extreme
 antipa?y !  horn$ cattle ( ,india      
always exhibit t[>ds ,europeans1 no     
possibility  exi/s = rem$y+ _m bad      

practices1 & neglects1 to :i* ^!        
animals are subject1 :5 "u ! c>e ( !    
native s]vants4 ,an  ,indian ox1 or c[1 
:5 at lib]ty1 is always %unn$ v         
c>efully1  le/ x %\ld indulge its savage
 disposition4 ,on fir/ ent]+ t  c\ntry1 
! cattle w\ld be suppos$ to be wild1    
in/ead (  dome/icat$2 = n "o 9 a ?\s& w 
admit ! approa* ( an  ,european2 nor are
 !y always less g5tle t[>ds /rang]s (   
any  description4 ,z to :at are call$   
tame buffaloes1 !y are commonly  m fi]ce
 ?an any ,briti% bull1 &1 :5 !y h calves
 at _!  sides1 make no scruple ( attack+
 man & horse1 ) unb\nd$  f]ocity4 ,h5ce1
 x is extremely prop] to be v cauti\s ( 
approa*+ h]ds1 or s+le cattle ( ei!r    
k9d1 ev5 :5 tol]ably  m\nt$4 ,sometimes1
 9 rid+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 & especially :]e
  jeels 7lakes7 are to be =d$1 or pools 
to be pass$1 ! unw>y  travell] may f9d  
himself1 on a sudd51 )9 a few y>ds ( a  
:ole  h]d ( buffaloes1 :i*1 to avoid !  
heat ( mid-day1 wall[ 9 !  muddy wat]1 s
 deep z to h1 9 g5]al1 only _! noses &  

eyes  above ! surface4 ,be+1 p]haps1    
among ru%es1 c4 ev5 ^? p>ts  are n      
disc]nible1 or1 if 9 an op5 expanse1 may
 be easily mi/ak5  = clods ( mud2 = !   
horns lie back t[>ds ! false ribs4 ,on a
  sudd51 ! :ole h]d sometimes rise1 & at
 ! lea/ fright5 !  horse1 :atev] !      
rid]'s he>t may be made (3 su* a        
surprize1 &  f animals t1 accord+ to !  
old say+1 #8give b a ^w & a  bl[1 & !   
bl[ comes fir/1' is f> f pleasant4 ,9   
su*  situations1 all dep5ds on ! conduct
 ( ! lead+ bull2 if he  snorts1 %akes 8 
horns1 & advances1 ! dang] is imm95t4 ,b
 x  frequ5tly happ5s1 t1 :e!r ow+ to    
lassitude1 or ! abs5ce (  any object    
p>ticul>ly irritat+ to buffaloes1 ( :i* 
a r$ coat may  be consid]$ ! extreme1 ! 
h]d cont5t !mselves ) ris+ f  _! recl9$ 
po/ures1 &1 aft] ^? :o r\z$ !m may h    
pass$ on1 aga9 s9k into ! fri5dly pool4 
,! ,briti% settl]s 9 ,india are         
extremely indebt$ to ! ,dut* =  _m      
ess5tial improvem5ts4 ,! small t[n (    
,*9surah1 situate ab\t  tw5ty-eight     

miles nor? ( ,calcutta1 on ! banks ( !  
,hoogly riv]1  has1 9 ?is in/ance1 prov$
 s]viceable to ,india at l>ge4 ,! ,dut*1
  to :om t place app]ta9$ be=e ! w>1 7 !
 fir/ to  introduce ! culture ( t       
invaluable escul5t1 ! potatoe2 :i*  0   
receiv$ f _! settlem5t at ! ,cape (     
,good ,hope3 !y  likewise 7 ! fir/ to   
exhibit any disposition t[>ds           
horticulture4  ,f !m ! ,briti% receiv$1 
annually1 ! se$s ( e k9d (  vegetable   
useful at ! table1 z well z sev]al      
plants ( :i* !re  appe>$ mu* ne$1       
especially v>i\s k9ds ( pot-h]bs4 ,!y   
likewise  suppli$ u ) v9es1 f :i*       
innum]able cutt+s h be5  disp5s$ to e "p
 ( ,b5gal & its upp] dep5d5cies4 ,! :ole
  ( ! l[] prov9ces1 at lea/1 ^? p>ts    
skirt+ ! ranges (  hills t b\nd !m1     
produce imm5se quantities ( wild v9es1  
:i*1  dur+ ! ra9s1 may be se5 p>tially  
to be> grapes ( a r$ color1  & ab\t !   
size ( a pi/ol-ball4 ,^! v9es t[] ov] ! 
high  saul trees1 or creep along ! rocky
 masses1 ?r\gh\t ! ,ramghur  di/rict    

especially1 9 all ! maje/y ( wild       
luxuriance4    ,"h is a field =         
speculation6 ,let u suppose1 t ! w9es   
:i*  %\ld be rais$ might n prove ( ! be/
 quality1 /ill we might  d]ive ! mo/    
important advantages f ! br&y & v9eg> to
  :i* !y might be conv]t$4 ,z to wood = 
! /aves1 & iron =  ! hoops1 !y are bo?  
to be _h on ! spot2 &1 9 reg>d to       
di/illation1 abundance ( m51 suffici5tly
 skill$1 may be f\nd among  ! natives4  
,fuel is e :]e abundant1 inde$1 a p]fect
 nuisance4  ,! only imp$im5t ,i c\ld ev]
 discov]1 is1 t ! neighb\r+  /reams are 
n g5]ally navigable1 or1 p]haps1 only = 
a few mon?s  9 ! ye>3 !y might1 h[ev]1  
be easily r5d]$ adequate to e  purpose1 
!re be+ lime-/one 9 v>i\s adjac5t hills1
 :ile1 among  ! convicts1 :o are 9 a    
/ate ( idl5ess = ! mo/ "p1 _m  p]sons   
might be select$ fully capable (        
con/ruct+ :atev]  masonry1 or timb]-"w1 
%\ld be f\nd necess>y4    ,"s ye>s ago1 
,i _h ! honor ( submitt+ ?is sugge/ion  
to !  ,c\rt ( ,directors4 ,! ,india     

m9i/] ( t day 0 =cibly /ruck  ) !       
facility obvi\sly af=d$ ( f\nd+ an      
imm5se national  conc]n3 &1 _h he rema9$
 9 (fice1 w\ld probably h tak5 means  to
 asc]ta9 e po9t conta9$ 9 my memoir1 ) !
 utmo/  exactitude3 ! result mu/ h be5  
p]fectly satisfactory4    ,:5 we        
consid]1 t ! ,company pay two lacs (    
rupees 7#be1jjj47  ye>ly = spirits1 ( a 
v inf]ior quality1 = ! use ( !          
,european soldi]y2 &1 t good v9eg> _c be
 _h "u two rupees  p] gallon1 7#es47 x  
%\ld seem an object1 ev5 9 t limitt$    
view1 to cultivate ! v9e = _! own use2  
b1 if we ext5d !  prospect1 & %ew t any 
quantity ( br&y1 if n ( w9e1 might be   
import$ f ,b5gal1 ! b5efits w be f\nd s 
great1 z to claim  e enc\ragem5t on ! "p
 ( ! legislature4 ,x appe>s highly      
probable1 t full a million /]l+ w\ld be 
annually sav$ to !  nation1 by its      
adoption ( ?is speculation2 :i* might be
 began at  little or no exp5ce1 & be    
progressively ext5d$1 by giv+  employm5t
 to ! :ole body ( convicts1 :o n[ are a 

heavy bur!n on  ! rev5ue1 )\t do+ a     
?\s&? "p ( ! s]vice ( :i*  !y are       
physically capable4 ,if my in=mation be 
correct1 !re are n[  sold at ,calcutta  
ne> f\r ?\s& pipes ( ,madeira1 ,t5]iffe1
 c41  annually1 & ab\t z _m *e/s (      
,cl>et1 includ+ ,fr5* &  ,engli%2 !     
quantity ( ,br&y import$ at t settlem5t 
is full  #aj1jjj gallons1 besides       
,holl&s1 ,rum1 & o!r liquors1 ( :i* ,i  
%all make no acc\nt4 ,! lic5ces grant$ =
 ! retail ( spirits  are amply abundant2
 & ! numb] ( %ops :]e ,toddy1 ,m[ah1    
,p>iah ,arrack1 c41 are s]v$ out1       
absolutely incalculable4    ,f ! be/    
computation ,i h be5 enabl$ to make1    
full #aj1jjj1jjj  gallons ( spirits are 
made & sold 9 ,b5gal & its dep5dant     
prov9ces1 ! av]age ( :i* may be tak5 at 
"o rupee p] gallon1 z  x comes f ! /ill2
 ! retail prices w1 no d\bt1 d\ble t    
sum2 mak+ no less ?an #bj1jjj1jjj (     
rupees1 equal to #b1ejj1jjj  exp5d$     
annually by debau*ees1 & by ! regul>    
consumption among  ! soldi]y1 c4 ,if !  

=ego+ items be put toge!r1 !y mu/ make  
a trem5d\s total2 :ile we %all see1 t a 
mo/ ru9\s int]c\rse  prevails1 ?r[+     
money into ! pockets ( our rivals1 &    
enabl+  !m to c>ry home inve/m5ts 9     
ex*ange = _! own produce4 ,we  %all     
fur!r see1 t1 suppos+ a duty ( only #be 
p] c5t4 7  impos$ on all spirits sold1  
exclusive ( ! am\nt ( lic5ces1 :i*  are 
v trivial1 no less ?an #fbe1jjj4 w\ld   
annually fl[ into !  treasury4 ,?is may 
appe> a v l>ge sum1 b1 :5 x is          
recollect$  t ! manufacture ( salt1     
monopoliz$ by ! ,company1 yields1 on !  
av]age ( sev]al ye>s1 ! sum (           
#a1ejj1jjj41 7aft] d$uct+ ab\t          
#ebe1jjj4 = ! exp5ces ( boil+1 c417 we  
may fairly consid] !  above computation 
to be f> )9 ! b\nds ( probability4      
,rum is made 9 ,b5gal f refuse sug>1 !  
same z 9 ! ,we/ ,indies2  its quality is
 by no means inf]ior1 ?\gh x sells1 :5  
new1 at !  v *eap rate ( ab\t a rupee ! 
gallon4 ,x is to be _h1 ( a good  age1 (
 ! sev]al great di/ill]s & m]*ants1 at a

 proportionate  advance4 ,i h kn[n x1   
aft] be+ six ye>s 9 ! god[n1  7w>eh\se17
 to be comp>$ ) ,jamaica ,rum1 w>rant$  
t5 ye>s old2  :5 ! pref]5ce 0 giv5      
decid$ly 9 favor ( ! =m]4 ,)  respect to
 arrack1 :i* is 9 a mann] peculi> to !  
,ea/2 ! native  di/ill]s produce        
excell5t alcohol1 :i*1 aft] be+ prop]ly 
rectifi$1 & kept = "s ye>s1 proves an   
admirable _s1 suppos$  to be f> m       
:olesome ?an rum4    ,?\gh1 on ! :ole1 !
 fi% br\ght to ! ,calcutta m>kets1 _c   
be comp>$ ) su* z we see at ,bill+sgate1
 c41 !re are1  nev]!less1 "s k9ds1 :i*  
might please ! mo/ da9ty epicure4  ,!   
hilsah1 7or sable fi%17 :i* seems to be 
mid-way betwe5 a  mack>el & a salmon1   
:e!r = =m1 g5]al appe>ance1 or flavor1  
is1 p]haps1 ! ri*e/ fi% ) :i* any cook  
is acqua9t$4 ,x  ab\nds s ) fat1 t mo/  
p]sons1 aft] be+ s]v$ ) a  portion1     
imm]se x 9 boil+ wat]1 br\ght 9 a       
s\p-plate2 !reby  caus+ a l>ge quantity 
( grease to float4 ,:5 bak$ 9 v9eg>1 or 
pres]v$ 9 tam>9ds1 ! hilsah is rem>kably

 f9e4    ,l ! salmon1 ^! run up to ! v  
spr+-heads1 seem+ to  ab\nd m & m 9     
proportion z !y approximate !reto2 ?\gh 
c]ta9ly !y gr[ to ! l>ge/ size1         
imm$iately )9 ! tide's  rea*3 gett+     
beyond t1 !y d>t up z f> z possible dur+
 !  season1 return+1 aft] spawn+1 to !  
sea4 ,!y are 9 p]fection  t[>ds ! latt] 
end ( ! ra9s4    ,! bickty1 7or cockup17
 v /rongly resembles ! jack1 & gr[s  to 
an enorm\s size4 ,i h se5 "o measur+ m  
?an eight feet 9  l5g?1 & v>i\s o!rs t  
weigh$ full a maund 7#hblb47 ,! av]age  
size at :i* !y are br\ght to m>ket1 may 
be f eighte51 to  ?irty1 in*es 9 l5g?2 &
 _! weight f two to t51 or twelve1      
p\nds4 ,!y flake l cod1 to :i* also _!  
flavor greatly  assimilates4    ,soles1 
( a dim9utive size1 are sometimes to be 
_h at ,calcutta3 !  natives call !m     
kookoor jibbys1 7i4e4 dogs' tongues17 9 
allusion  to _! %ape4 ,^! are sometimes 
caught 9 ! bracki% wat]s1 among  !      
bicktys1 or cockups1 or 9 ! flat s&s    
ab\t ,diamond-,h>b\r1  c4 ,prawns ( a v 

good size1 & v small crayfi%1 are to be 
f\nd 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 z also a k9d
 ( eel1 call$  baum2 :i*1 h[ev]1 be>s m 
resemblance to ! g>1 or  gu>d-fi%1 ( :i*
 millions may be tak5 9 mo/ ( !         
fre%-wat]  jeels1 7lakes17 ?\gh r>ely   
exce$+ a foot 9 l5g?4    ,! rooy1 or    
r'hooee1 is a species ( ! c>p1 z is also
 !  me]gah4 ,!y are bo? abundant 9 !    
great riv]s1 & 9 all !  wat]s connect$ )
 !m1 ?\gh ! =m] are mo/ num]\s1 &  ?rive
 greatly 9 ponds4 ,! latt] are ( a br[n]
 color1 & r>ely  exce$ t5 p\nds 9       
weight1 :]eas1 ! =m] are (t5 f\nd (     
fifty lb41 & sometimes up to a maund4   
,! cutlah is a species ( ! p]*1 ?\gh "s 
consid] x to be (  ! bream-k9d3 x is    
only f\nd 9 ! great riv]s1 is g5]ally ( 
a  d>k color1 approa*+ to black1 &      
commonly weighs f t5 to sixty  lbs4     
,! :ole ( ! above1 viz4 ,! r'hooee1 !   
me]gah1 & !  cutlah1 may be tak5 by     
angl+2 z may also ! soly1 a species (  !
 jack1 & ne>ly z voraci\s4    ,tr\ts1   
ab\t z l>ge z smelts1 are sometimes to  

be se5 9 ^?  small /reams t h _! rise   
among m\nta9s1 b !y are n s  di/9ctly   
spott$ z we see !m 9 ,europe3 !y are1   
inde$1 v  sc>ce1 & g5]ally be> a small  
r$1 or gold1 or black1 spot on ea*      
scale3 ! adip\s f91 by :i* all ! salmon 
tribe are di/+ui%$1  is sc>cely elevat$ 
above ! lo9s4    ,! fre%-wat] an*ovy1   
call$ by ! natives helw>1 is to be f\nd 
9 %oals on e flat s& ?r\gh\t ! great    
riv]s3 ^! are  g5]ally sc>$1 s z to     
precipitate !mselves on ! bea*1 by two  
m51 :o1 wad+ 9 ! wat] up to _! knees1   
gradually draw a l9e  ( fifty or sixty  
feet 9 l5g?1 e :]e lad5 ) small1 color$ 
rags1 9 su* mann] z to enclose ! helwahs
 9 a cresc5t1 &  ultimately to drive !m 
a%ore4 ,occasionally1 mullets1 ( a small
  size1 are f\nd among ! booty3 !y are  
rem>kably sweet & firm4  ,no?+ c be m   
common ?an to see %oals ( !m /ruggl+    
aga9/  ! curr5t1 especially 9 ! cold    
mon?s1 ) _! eyes out ( !  wat]4 ,_!     
motions are v nimble1 b x is n uncommon 
to see  sev]al kill$ by a r\nd ( small  

%ot1 f a common f[l+-piece3  !y are n to
 be tak5 by angl+4 ,z to ! t+rah1 a k9d 
(  fre%wat] gurnet1 x is extremely      
voraci\s1 & gr[s to a good size2  (t5   
weigh+ eight or n9e lbs42 ?\gh ! av]age 
may be f two to  f\r4 ,!y are v /rong1 &
 af=d ample amusem5t :5 hook$4 ,!  skait
 gr[s to full twelve or f\rte5 lbs41 &  
is common 9 all !  great riv]s2 b1 x mu/
 be h&l$ ) caution1 on acc\nt ( its     
hav+ a dreadful sp9e ab\t ! c5tre ( its 
tail4 ,^! two  la/-m5tion$ fi%es are    
r>ely se5 at table2 nor is ! buallee1   
:i* is r flat1 & has a cont9u$ abdom9al 
f91 ! same z  eels4 ,?is fi% is         
extremely co>se1 b desp]ately rapaci\s2 
seiz+  almo/ any bait ) avidity1 b af=d+
 little sport :5 hook$4    ,! puftah is 
( ! same description1 b1 9 lieu (       
weigh+1 z  ! buallee (t5 does1 f t5 to  
fifte5 lbs41 seldom am\nts to s  _m     
ounces4 ,its fle% is rem>kably ri* &    
sweet1 b1 :5 hook$1  x is z little      
dispos$ z ! =m] to resi/4 ,! mo/ e/eem$ 
fi%  is1 t call$ by ! natives tupsey1 b 

by u #8mango-fi%1' on  acc\nt ( its     
appe>+ ab\t ! "t t mangoes fir/ come    
into  season3 x comes up ) ! tide4 ,9   
appe>ance1 x is n unlike !  smelt1 ?\gh 
r deep]1 & ) r$di% f9s4 ,! fle% ( ?is   
fi% is f9e1 b its roe is des]v$ly e/eem$
 to be delici\s4 ,an  imm5se quantity   
are cur$1 by be+ slightly salt$1 &      
sun-dri$2  aft] :i*1 !y are smok$ = a   
%ort "t ov] a fire made ( *aff1  c4     
,turtle1 ( ab\t a cwt41 are to be f\nd 9
 almo/ e riv] &  creek1 z also 9 "s ( ! 
l>ge jeels2 ?\gh !y are v r>ely  se5 9  
/&+ wat]s1 & !n1 p]haps1 only 9 a /ate (
  migration4 ,! fle% ( ^! is peculi>ly  
un:olesome2 &1 s f>  f be+1 l !         
sea-turtles1 compos$ ( p>ts resembl+    
fi%1  fle%1 & f[l1 may be aptly comp>$ )
 bacon ( ! co>se/  description1 ) "s    
t5d5cy to rancidity4 ,! bat*wah1 or     
#8fre%wat] h]r+1' 7?\gh x has no        
scales17 is "o ( ! be/  fi%es ! ,indian 
riv]s produce2 b a g5]al prejudice is   
ent]ta9$1 ) mu* ju/ice too1 aga9/ its   
selection ( food4 ,!  mo/ appropriate   

baits = mo/ fi%es are ! goorgoory1 7or  
gryllus  mon/rosus17 & ! cockroa* 7or   
blatta74 ,x w\ld be endless to  rec\nt  
all ! k9ds ( fi%es to be f\nd 9 ! /reams
 & lakes (  ,india2 b x may ju/ly be    
/at$1 t1 9 "s p>ts1 _! numb]s  are s    
great z absolutely to corrupt ! wat]s4  
,) respect to !  m9or species ( fi%1    
occasionally s]v$ at table1 !y are v    
num]\s1 &1 9 mo/ places1 abundant3 e    
creek & jeel is  replete ) !m1 & e      
village 9 _! vic9ity conta9s p]sons     
provid$ ) "s k9d ( app>atus suit$ to    
cat*+ an ample supply4  ,on ! l>g]      
pieces ( wat]1 !re are usually ei!r     
canoes or  d+ies1 :i*1 toge!r ) _!      
own]s1 are subs]vi5t to !  jemmad>s1 or 
head-bor\ghs1 & may also be set 9 motion
 = a v  trivial pres5t1 made o/5sibly to
 ! labor]1 b commonly  transf]r$        
privately to t pr\d1 imp]i\s1 & av>ici\s
 (fic]4    ,,p\ltry next come "u        
consid]ation3 ( ?is1 great v>iety is to 
be  f\nd4 ,f[ls1 capons1 ducks1 geese1  
turkies1 & pigeons1 are = sale  9 e     

city1 or great /ation1 at v mod]ate     
prices4 ,9 g5]al1  tak+ an av]age ( all 
places1 f9e *ick5s1 call$ *ujahs1 may be
  _h at t5 = a rupee 7i4e4 #c;d4 ea*72  
middle-siz$1 or  meem-kabobbies1 7small 
roa/]s17 at sev5 or eight = a rupee     
7ab\t  #d;d4 ea*72 & good-siz$ roa/]s1  
or kabobbies1 at five = a  rupee 7ab\t  
#f;d4 ea*74    ,capons are only to be _h
 9 p>ticul> p>ts ( ! c\ntry2 g5]ally  !y
 are :ite1 & s *eap z to give t5 or     
twelve = a rupee2  ?\gh ,i h pur*as$ no 
less ?an tw5ty-n9e = t sum1 7i4e4  #a;d4
 ea*17 9 ! ,tom> di/rict1 :]e !y are    
produc$ 9 imm5se  numb]s by ! ,pah>iahs1
 or ,hill p1 ( t m\nta9\s  di/rict4 ,^! 
p are m imm$iately di/+ui%$ by !        
designation ( ,dangahs3 !y are ( a small
 /ature1 v1 v poor1  r squalid1 b       
capable ( und]go+ great fatigue3 !y are 
wond]fully adroit 9 ! ex]cise ( ! b[2 &1
 aft] p]=m+ !  little labor ne$ful = !  
cultivation ( ! vallies1 g5]ally        
repair1 at c]ta9 seasons1 to ! milit>y &
 civil /ations 9 !  neighb\r+ di/ricts (

 ,ramghur1 c41 :]e !y s]ve z be>]s2     
especially on ! new-road1 :i* is mu*    
frequ5t$ by g5tlem5  travell+ dawk1     
7po/17 9 palanqu9s1 to or f ! upp]      
/ations4    ,ducks are ( v>i\s prices1 b
 may be consid]$ at an av]age ( f\r  or 
five = a rupee 7ab\t #g;d4 or #f;d4     
ea*72 & geese at a rupee  ea*4 ,^! ?rive
 prodigi\sly ?r\gh\t ,india2 b x is f>  
o!rwise ) turkies1 :i* are extremely    
t5d]1 & _c endure  ! great heats (      
summ]1 unless all[$ to graze ^u a plot  
well  wat]$1 & g5]ally %elt]$ f ! sun4  
,x is n uncommon to see  !m cr[d+ to "s 
little v]dant spot "u ! %ade ( !        
lee-side1 :]e a curr5t ( air1 refrig]at$
 by ! tatties1 passes  out f ! bungal[1 
c4 ,)\t "s su* re/orative1 !y w\ld1  to 
a c]ta9ty1 p9e away1 & spe$ily disappo9t
 ! hopes ( _!  own]4 ,among ! grass on !
 plots g5]ally pres]v$ ne> !  dwell+1 x 
is common to see imm5se numb]s ( ants1 (
 all  descriptions1 :i* resort ?i!r bo? 
= coolness1 & = !  collection ( ! se$s t
 are p]petually fall+4 ,x is v  /range1 

b true1 t ^! little depr$ators are n    
easily  det]r$1 by ! wat] be+ laid on   
occasionally1 f =m+ _!  ne/ 9 su* plots 
( grass1 ?\gh !y g5]ally pref] "s dry1  
h>d  walk1 or level area1 along :i* !y  
=m little pa?s1 by lay+ !  gravel1 c41  
aside2 s t _! progress is n ob/ruct$ :5 
robb+ "s /ore4 ,_m ( ^! pa?s may be     
trac$ = fifty or sixty  y>ds2           
occasionally1 !y are d\ble2 "o be+      
appropriat$ = !  egressors1 ! o!r = ^?  
return+ lad5 ) ! booty4 ,:5 !  turkies  
light ^u su* a l9e ( m>*1 !y fall to ) a
 fam\s  appetite2 seem+ to rival our    
pheasants 9 t p>ticul>1 &  exhibit+ !   
satisfaction !y feel on receiv+ a supply
 ( _!  favorite food4 ,9 ?us dev\r+ !   
ants1 !y d great s]vice2 =1 ,i  "k n (  
any m unpleasant companions ?an ! little
 torm5tors 9  "q1 ^: bite is extremely  
ke51 produc+ consid]able  irritation4   
,"s ( ^! ants gr[ to full ?ree-qu>t]s ( 
an in* 9  l5g?1 & are capable ( caus+   
great pa94 ,_m prev5t _! be+  de/roy$1  
"u ! op9ion t !y fe$ ^u :ite-ants3 ?is  

,i  nev] c\ld e/abli%1 ?\gh ,i believe  
!y are ready en\gh to m>*  (f ) ! body (
 a dead :ite-ant1 ! same z !y w\ld ) any
  o!r morsel ( animal sub/ance4    ,!   
difficulty ( re>+ turkies1 r5d]s !m     
extremely sc>ce2 h5ce1  x is n uncommon 
to pay a gold mohur 7#b47 = a well-gr[n1
 fat1  turkey-cock3 few1 ei!r cocks or  
h5s1 are to be _h 9 any "p ( !  c\ntry1 
= less ?an half t sum2 & !n *iefly f    
,portugueze  families1 t make a         
livelihood by re>+ !m4 ,ab\t ,b&el1 a   
,portugueze t[n1 "s ?irty miles above   
,calcutta1 great numb]s are  re>$2 z are
 also ducks1 & geese1 9 abundance4 ,at  
all ! great  /ations1 bo? civil &       
milit>y2 "s p]sons ( t description      
g5]ally reside1 ?r\gh ^: indu/ry        
families are suppli$4 ,f[ls  are re>$ by
 ! same p]sons2 ?\gh less an object to  
!m1 z almo/  e ,mahom$an family ma9ta9s 
a few1 mo/ly = its own use1 b  sometimes
 = sale4 ,z to ! ,h9dus1 no?+ c\ld be m 
crim9al  ?an su* a speculation3 ! v t\* 
( a f[l be+ consid]$ !  acm ( pollution4

 ,f ?is we may judge h[ necess>y x is to
 be  gu>d$ 9 mak+ *anges 9 ! dress ( our
 native soldi]s2 ^:  zeal & fidelity are
 unque/ionable1 b :o in/antly revolt at 
any  invasion1 h[ev] slight1 ( _!       
religi\s t5ets1 or ( _! vulg>           
prejudices4 ,^? :o affect to consid] su*
 to be easily ov]rul$1  or1 :o va9ly    
talk ( co]c+ s _m millions to adopt our 
fai?1  w\ld d well to take a trip to    
,b5gal1 & to insi/ on any ,h9du  m5ials1
 or o!rs1 "u _! au?ority1 we>+ a fea!r 9
 _!  turban4    ,z to ! num]\s species (
 wild game1 su* z antelopes1 hog-de]1   
hogs1 geese1 ducks1 teal1 snipes1       
ortolans1 quails1 p>tridges1  florik5s1 
7or bu/>ds17 pigeons ( sorts1 wild &    
tame1 h>es1 c41  !y are g5]ally to be _h
 9 abundance2 ^? ( my read]s :o wi%  = a
 m detail$ acc\nt1 w f9d x 9 my #8,,wild
 ,,sports ,,( ,,!  ,,ea/1' publi%$ 9    
folio1 ) color$ plates1 z also 9 qu>to  
royal1  & imp]ial octavo1 by ,mr4 ,edw>d
 ,orme1 ( ,bond-/reet1 & by ,messrs4    
,black & ,co4 ,lead5hall-/reet4 ,9 t    

sup]b "w1 ! details (  e bran* ( hunt+1 
%oot+1 c41 w be f\nd4    ,!re are no    
wild rabbits 9 ,india1 b great numb]s ( 
tame ones are  to be _h at ,calcutta1 & 
at "s ( ! subord9ate /ations4 ,!  prices
 v>y accord+ to dem&1 age1 & condition2 
b we may take !  av]age at f\r = a rupee
 :5 half gr[n1 & at d\ble t rate  :5 fit
 = ! table4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 extremely     
difficult to pres]ve  !m 9 safety f _!  
num]\s enemies ! dogs1 jackals1 foxes1  
cats1 rats1 bats1 snakes1 hawks1 cr[s1  
c4    ,hav+1 ,i believe1 g5]ally        
discuss$ :at relates to ! supply ( !    
table1 ,i %all proce$ to ! description (
 o!r matt]s relat+ to  ! conv5i5ce &    
s]vice ( g5tlem5 resid5t 9 ! ,ea/4    ,!
 d9n] table is inv>iably laid ) two     
clo?s2 "o ( ! usual  size1 ! o!r ab\t   
l>ge en\gh to cov] ! surface only3 ?is  
la/  is remov$ :5 ! meat is tak5 (f2 s t
 ! dess]t is laid ^u  ! l[] "o1 :i* has1
 9 ! mean :ile1 be5 pres]v$ by x f      
/a9s1 grease1 crumbs1 c4 ,a napk9 is    
laid ) e cov]1 toge!r  ) a tumbl] or    

rumm]1 a long glass = ,cl>et1 & an      
ord9>y-siz$  "o = ,madeira4 ,ea* glass  
is provid$ ) a cov]1 :i* may be  lift$  
(f by means ( a /ud 9 its c5tre4 ,9     
opul5t families1 ^!  cov]s are usually  
made ( silv]1 o!rwise ( turn$ wood4 ,x  
is  rem>kable1 t "s ( ! common indig5\s 
woods h ! peculi>  prop]ty1 :5 us$ = ?is
 purpose1 ( imp>t+ a mo/ (f5sive  smell1
 att5d$ ) a simil> flavor1 to wat]1 c41 
if left = a few  m9utes4    ,! knives & 
=ks are all ( ,european manufacture1    
?\gh1 )9  ^! few ye>s1 "s excell5t      
imitations h appe>$4 ,i d\bt if  ,blacky
 c1 z yet1 br+ 8 "w s l[ z our artizans1
 ?\gh he  c]ta9ly has ! advantage ( !m 9
 *eapness ( liv+1 & 9 be+  g5]ally      
exempt f ! op]ation ( a v>iety ( taxes4 
,?is  defici5cy on ! "p ( ! natives1    
proce$s f _! be+ oblig$  to p]=m all ^? 
op]ations by h&1 :i* we bo? accel]ate & 
p]fect by means ( ma*9]y4 ,! great] "p (
 ! plate1 us$  ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 is made
 by native smi?s1 :o1 9 "s  in/ances1   
may be se5 to tread v close on ! heels (

 our  jewell]s1 n only 9 ! graceful =m (
 ! articles manufactur$1  b 9 ! patt]ns1
 :e!r c>v$ or emboss$4 ,su* specim5s (  
p]fection are1 h[ev]1 r>e1 & are produc$
 *iefly "u !  sup]9t5d5ce ( ,european   
ma/]s2 ?\gh ,i h se5 "s pieces1  made by
 sona>s1 7goldsmi?s17 totally indep5d5t 
( su* aid1 or  in/ruction1 :i* display$ 
mu* skill & "s ta/e4 ,speak+1  h[ev]1 ( 
! common workman%ip ( ?is class1 x mu/  
be put out (  all comp>ison ) ,briti%   
plate1 on acc\nt ( its be+ indiff]5tly  
%ap$1 & rudely ornam5t$4 ,h5ce1 su*     
plate z is s5t f ?is  c\ntry1 z well z  
:at is made up by ,europeans settl$ 9   
,india1 v  g5]ally sells = full #be1 or 
ev5 = #ej p] c5t4 m ?an :at is          
manufactur$ by ! native artizans4    ,! 
:ole ( ! glass-w>e us$ 9 ,india1 is     
furni%$ f ,engl&1  & commonly sells at  
full two1 if n ?ree1 hundr$ p] c5t4 on !
  prime co/3 ?is is n unreasonable1 :5  
we consid] h[ brittle !  commodity is1 &
 t ! ext5t ( sale is n s consid]able z  
to  r5d] x1 individually1 an object (   

adv5ture4    ,table clo?s & napk9s are  
manufactur$ 9 sev]al p>ts ( !  c\ntry1  
especially at ,patna1 ,tondah1 & mo/ (  
^? cities :]e  piece-goods are made4 ,! 
beauty ( "s fabrics ( ?is description is
  v /rik+2 nor is _! durability less    
conspicu\s4 ,i h by me1  at ?is mom5t1  
"s t h be5 9 con/ant use = full twelve  
ye>s1 & my /ock1 at no "t1 exce$$ a doz5
 & a half ( table  clo?s4 ,! prices (   
su* may be suppos$ to v>y accord+ to    
quality2  b a v sup]ior bird's eye may  
be g5]ally _h = ab\t two rupees  p]     
squ>e y>d2 obs]v+1 t ! co/ w necess>ily 
be some:at  encreas$ 9 proportion to !  
great] ext5t ( ! piece4 ,o!rs1 ( a      
co>s] texture1 & ( a pla9 diap]1 are to 
be _h extremely *eap2  p]haps z l[ z    
eight annas 7#ae;d47 p] squ>e y>d4 ,su* 
are1  h[ev]1 extremely flimsy1 & nev]   
appe> cr$itable4 ,t[els are also        
manufactur$ at v>i\s prices2 "s rea*+ s 
high z two rupees  7#es47 ea*1 :ile o!rs
 may be obta9$ by ! doz5 = ! same       
money4 ,! be/ = common use may be rat$  

at ab\t five or six rupees  p] doz54 ,a 
k9d1 g5]ally ( mix$ color$ bord]s1 wove 
91 is made  at ,*ittagong3 ^! are r\gh1 
l :at we call huckaback1 & are          
peculi>ly well calculat$ = dry+ & clean+
 ! sk9 aft]  wa%+2 b !y are n s durable 
z ! pla9 diap]s4    ,great quantities ( 
furniture are s5t f ,europe1 be+ fir/   
tak5 to  pieces1 & pack$ )9 a v small   
space4 ,( ?is description1  mahogany    
tables & *airs =m by f> ! great]        
portion2 few o!r  articles be+ %ipp$1   
?\gh n[ & !n we see a few bureaus1      
secretaires1 ecritoires1 c41 among a    
c>go f ,europe4 ,all su*  commodities   
w\ld be> ev5 a high] price ?an is n[    
*>g$ = !m1  7 x n t1 among ! natives1 z 
well z among ! ,european  c>p5t]s1 &    
jo9]s1 settl$ 9 ,calcutta1 ! ,briti%    
me*anics  exp]i5ce consid]able1 & v     
successful1 rival%ip4    ,! excell5t    
woods1 ( diff]5t k9ds1 produc$ 9 almo/ e
 "p  ( ,india1 & ! facility ) :i* !y may
 be br\ght to m>ket1  pres5t ! mo/      
favorable aids to ! ,indian artizans2 b1

 ow+ to  ! want ( capital among !       
natives1 ! "w done by !m is r>ely  f\nd 
to answ]3 x w>ps dreadfully1 & sometimes
 rives f "o1 to  ! o!r1 end4 ,?is is    
entirely ow+ to ! defici5cy ( season+2  
= we f9d1 t :5ev] a g5tleman is at !    
pa9s1 & has !  opportunity1 to saw up 8 
own wood1 & to season x prop]ly1 x w    
commonly be f\nd to answ] 8 expectations
 fully2 bo? 9 respect to  durability1 & 
to ! poli% x may take4 ,al?\gh !re is1 9
 "s  in/ances1 an obvi\s *eapness 9     
employ+ a native c>p5t]1 x may  safely  
be ass]t$1 t1 on ! long run1 :at )      
delay1 impositions1  imp]fections1 c41 x
 is frequ5tly f\nd to be a v r\nd-ab\t  
way  ( sav+ a trifle4 ,i /rongly        
recomm5d to all p]sons arriv+ 9  ,india1
 to visit ! sev]al depts ( furniture to 
be se5 at e  auction-w>eh\se1 & g5]ally 
at ! god[ns 7w>eh\ses7 ( !  ,european   
%opkeep]s4 ,!re is1 besides1 a :ole     
/reet1 call$ !  #8*9a-baz>1' z well z   
v>i\s scatt]$ b\tiques1 appropriat$     
entirely to ! display ( ,european       

articles1 & ( *9a-w>e1 (  e description2
 all :i* are sold = ready money only1 by
 a tribe  ( ,h9du speculators1 :o1 f    
att5d+ at auctions1 are enabl$ to  make 
*eap pur*ases1 & become p]fectly        
acqua9t$ ) ! qualities  ( e article2 or1
 at lea/1 ) su* po9ts z give a pref]5ce 
9  ! eye ( an ,european4 ,9 ?is baz>1   
7or m>ket17 almo/ e ?+  an ,european c  
require1 = common purposes1 may be      
obta9$3 he may1  inde$1 pur*ase an ample
 libr>y1 ei!r ( new1 or ( second-h&     
books2 &1 g5]ally speak+1 may equip     
himself 9 su* a mann] z  may enable him 
to keep h\se at full ?irty p] c5t4 *eap]
 ?an among  ! ,european %op-keep]s4     
,?\gh we may f9d a few trades1 su* z    
coa*-mak+1 jewell]y1  cutl]y1 arm\ry1   
c41 p]fectly di/9ct1 & unconnect$ ) any 
o!r speculation1 we are n to suppose t  
commodities1 9 g5]al1  are sep>ately    
class$1 & exhibit$ 9 %ops solely allott$
 to !m4  ,on ! contr>y1 :at we call an  
#8,europe-,%op1' af=ds a ri* display  ( 
t het]og5e\s k9d ( c>go import$ 9 e     

m]*ant-%ip  proce$+ to t qu>t]4         
,consequ5tly1 ea* %op (f]s an  a/oni%+  
v>iety ( w>es4 ,liquors ( all k9ds1     
guns1 pi/ols1 glass  w>e1 t9 & copp]    
w>e1 crock]y1 /ation>y1 %oes & boots1   
hosi]y1 wooll5s1 l95s1 ironmong]y1 hats1
 *eese1 groc]y1 & an  inf9ity ( articles
 ( ! mo/ opposite natures1 may be f\nd 9
 !  spaci\s rooms1 & god[ns1 allott$ to 
! exhibition ( !  miscellane\s pr(usion6
    ,?\gh x is n common to see ,european
 goods1 especially ^? :i*  are n        
imm$iately p]i%able1 sell+ = less ?an   
?irty or =ty  p] c5t4 advance ^u !      
salt-wat] invoices1 x sometimes happ5s1 
t an imm5se importation ( "s few        
p>ticul> articles may l[]  !m to full   
fifty p] c5t4 "u prime co/4 ,?is is     
easily acc\nt$  =3 = in/ance1 %\ld hats1
 %oes1 & boots1 be> a great price at  ! 
"t a fleet is ab\t to be despat*$ =     
,europe1 all !  comm&]s & (fic]s note x 
d[n1 = ! purpose ( mak+ ^?  articles be>
 a l>ge proportion 9 _! next outw>d-b\nd
 c>goes4  ,?us1 ea* unwitt+ly becomes ! 

dupe ( 8 own av>ice2 &1 on !  return (  
^? %ips to ,india1 exp]i5ces ! lam5table
 effects (  hav+ all[$ himself to be    
guid$ by =m] prices4 ,i recollect  he>+ 
an (fic] on bo>d "o ( ! ,company's %ips 
decl>e1 t he  made x a rule always to   
lay 9 a good /ock ( ^? articles :i*  7  
*eap at ! "t he quitt$ ,india3 =1 t he 0
 c]ta9 !  l[ness ( ! prices w\ld        
influ5ce ! o!rs ( 8 class to avoid      
pur*as+ !m = ! ,india m>kets1 :i*1 by ! 
"t ( 8 return1  he inv>iably f\nd to h  
rega9$ _! =m] level4 ,by hold+ back  a  
little :ile1 until ! ,europe %op-keep]s 
f\nd t he 0 !  sole1 or1 at lea/1 !     
pr9cipal1 import] ( ^? goods1 he _h nev]
  fail$ to make a v pr(itable b>ga94    
,h[ev] mu* we1 9 ,europe1 may admire    
g5u9e *9a-w>e1 our  c\ntrym5 9 ! ,ea/   
seem1 = ! mo/ "p1 indiff]5t to its      
beauties2 !y pref]r+ our ornam5t$       
,/af=d%ire w>e2 :i*1  ow+ to its bulk1 &
 brittl5ess1 necess>ily sells at a v    
high  price 9 e qu>t] ( ,india4 ,:at is 
call$ #8a long set1' by :i*  we mean a  

s]vice equal to a table = at lea/ ?irty 
p]sons1 (t5  sells = #ejj sicca rupees1 
equal to #fe42 & #8%ort sets' 9         
proportion4 ,! disadvantage att5dant ^u 
! use ( ?is w>e1 9 s  remote a          
situation1 is1 t1 :51 ow+ to ! num]\s   
accid5ts to  :i* all su* articles are   
subject1 ev5 "u especial vigilance1 b   
p>ticul>ly "u ! auspices ( native       
m5ials1 ! set may be mu*  r$uc$1 x is   
utt]ly impracticable to fill up !       
vacancies ?us  occasion$4 ,) *9a w>e1 x 
is v diff]5t2 = x is n s easy  to       
di/+ui% betwe5 two complex patt]ns1 if  
tol]ably simil>2 &1  z !re is always a v
 l>ge /ock on h&1 among ! retail]s 9  ! 
*9a-baz>1 a v great *ance1 if n a       
c]ta9ty1 exi/s1 (  be+ furni%$ ) any    
numb] ( plates1 di%es1 c41 t may be     
requir$ to re/ore ! set to its          
complem5t1 or ev5 to augm5t x1 if       
necess>y4 ,x may be a prop] precaution1 
h[ev]1 n to buy a set (  *9a w>e ( any v
 p>ticul> patt]n2 b to select "o f ^?   
num]\s ri* patt]ns e :]e common1 &      

annually import$4 ,?is  seems to prove1 
t1 unless "u p>ticul> ord]s1 ! ,*9ese   
deviate b little f _! e/abli%$ fa%ions2 
z may be fur!r  se5 9 _! con/ant        
manufacture ( t k9d ( crock]y we g5]ally
  t]m #8dragon-*9a1' :i* appe>s to h be5
 9 use among !m =  c5turies4    ,a v    
exp5sive article ( g5]al consumption is 
wax-c&le4 ,! price  ( wax1 "s ye>s back1
 0 ab\t sixte5 rupees p] maund1 7equal  
to  #f;d4 p] lb417 b1 ( late ye>s1 x has
 m ?an trebl$1 9  consequ5ce ( !        
encreas$ dem&4 ,"h we see t want ( sy/em
  :i* too (t5 t5ds to annihilate :at    
might1 "u due regulation1 be  made a mo/
 advantage\s conc]n4 ,x is necess>y to  
be und]/ood1 t  honey is ( little value 
9 ,india1 ! natives consid]+ x          
un:olesome1 & ! ,h9dus be+ p>ticul>ly   
av]se to de/roy+ s  _m lives1 = !       
purpose ( robb+ _! combs4 ,^!           
circum/ances  t5d to dim9i% ! collection
 ( wax1 :i*1 9 "s di/ricts1 hangs  =    
ye>s neglect$ ^u ! bri>s 9 ! jungles2 &1
 add$ to !  jeal\sy ( ! zem9d>s1 7or    

l&-hold]s17 :o r>ely omit to exact  a v 
sm>t duty ^u :atev] is tak5 f _! soil1  
det]s ^?  :o possess a _s ( ent]prize f 
becom+ deal]s 9 wax4 ,i h  n a d\bt b t 
half a million ( maunds might be        
annually  collect$1 if prop] enc\ragem5t
 7 held out1 & a sale insur$ to  !      
adv5tur]s1 at any p>ticul> t[ns 9 !     
sev]al di/ricts :]e  bees are abundant4 
,)9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 a few ,europeans h
  e/abli%$ manufactories ( wax-c&les1   
:i* (t5 sell = eighty  rupees p] maund  
7#hblb74 ,?is1 ?\gh an excessive price1 
comp>$ )  t =m]ly preval5t1 comes to r  
less ?an #bs4 #f;d4 p] lb42  &1 z ! wax 
is always pure1 x %\ld seem1 t1 z an    
article (  comm]ce1 mu* pr(it might be  
d]iv$ f importation4 ,at pres5t1        
wax-c&les are prohibit$1 al?\gh ! price 
( raw bees'-wax is "h  up to ne> #ds41 &
 tall[ at a v exorbitant height4 ,i am  
greatly  mi/ak51 if ! b5efits ?is bran* 
( bus9ess is capable (  yield+1 bo? to !
 nation1 & to individuals1 are prop]ly  
und]/ood4    ,to place ?is 9 a prop]    

po9t ( view w require b little detail2  
=1 if we say t wax c&les1 ( ! fir/      
quality1 c be (f]$  = sale at ,calcutta 
= #ac4 p] cwt41 & t raw wax sells ) u   
at #cs4 #f;d4 p] lb41 or #ai4 #abs4 p]  
cwt41 x is obvi\s t !  manufactur$      
article might be import$ to u at full   
#ej p] c5t4  *eap] ?an ! raw mat]ial c  
be obta9$ on our own soil4 ,let u       
compute ?is on ! l>ge scale2 comp>+ !   
manufactur$ articles1  & mak+ all[ances 
= ! fair value ( ! raw mat]ials 9 ei!r  
c\ntry4                                 
,a ton ( wax c&les ( ,indian            
manufacture1   ev5         at ! high    
price ( #hj rupees 7i4e4   #aj47 p]     
maund ( #hblb4 w\ld be                  
#bfj           ,freight1 %ipp+1 *>ges1 &
 insurance1 p] ton     #be              
,:>fage1 c41 on l&+1 p] ton             
#e                                      
----                                    
,total                           #bij   
,a ton ( wax c&les ( ,european          
manufacture1   at         #bh4 p] cwt41 

equal to #es4 p] lb4                    
#efj                                    
----           ,diff]5ce 9 favor ( !    
,indian c&les1 p] ton   #bgj            
----           ,raw wax may be _h at    
,calcutta = ab\t   =ty         rupees p]
 maund1 or r "u #g4   p] cwt4           
:i* br+s ! ton to                       
#adj           ,freight1 c41 z above    
#cj                                     
----                                    
#agj           ,:]eas1 ! raw wax        
produc$1 9 ,engl&1         g5]ally sells
 = ab\t #cs4 #f;d4 p] lb4 or            
#ai4 #abs4 p] cwt41 or1 p] ton          
#cib                                    
----           ,giv+ a balance 9 favor (
 ,indian wax1 (1   p]         ton       
#bbb    ,i h n made any all[ance =      
duties2 b x w be se5 f !  above v simple
 calculation1 t a v heavy impo/ might be
 laid on  ei!r ! raw mat]ial1 or !      
manufactur$ article1 )\t r$uc+  ! pr(it 
s l[ z to leave no enc\ragem5t to !     
speculator4 ,let  u1 h[ev]1 set x d[n at

 #fj4 p] ton1 :i* is an enorm\s sum1 &  
say1 t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! great          
importation1 wax %\ld fall  "o-?ird 9   
price4 ,?is fall w\ld r$uce ! ton (     
c&les to #chj41  f :i* d$uct ! #fj4     
duty1 & !re w\ld be left #cbj42 s t1    
aft] pay+ ! #bij4 ( co/ & incid5tal     
*>ges1 no less ?an #cj4  w\ld rema9 z ! 
net pr(it on ea* ton4 ,if we1 9 l mann]1
 take  "o ?ird1 say #acb4 f ! #cib4 to  
result f ! sale ( ! raw  mat]ial1 & #dj4
 m = duties1 we r$uce ! net pr(its f    
#bbb4  to #ej4 ,9 ei!r way ! speculation
 is highly int]e/+1 &  requires only to 
be ?or\ghly exam9$ to insure att5tion4  
,i am n1  at ?is mom5t1 prep>$ to say   
:at may be ! am\nt ( duties  collect$ on
 wax1 or ( ! excise on ! manufacture (  
c&les1 b  appreh5d t x mu/ fall v %ort (
 :at might be realiz$ if wax  c&les 7 m 
g5]ally us$ 9 ! h\ses ( opul5t p]sons4  
,"s  =ty ye>s ago1 :5 wax c&les sold =  
?ree %ill+s p] p\nd1  !y 7 9 great      
reque/4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we calculate = !    
importation ( #c1jjj tons ( wax         

annually1 9 its raw /ate1 pay+ a  duty (
 #dj4 p] ton1 we %\ld f9d a result ( no 
less ?an #abj1jjj4    ,! =ego+ e/imate  
/&s entirely on ! pres5t high prices (  
wax  9 ,india1 b :i* might1 by prop]    
regulations1 be r$uc$ to  "o-?ird4 ,?us1
 if x 7 /ipulat$ t ! r5ts ( c]ta9       
di/ricts %\ld be payable1 to a p>ticul> 
ext5t1 9 crude wax1 at a  fix$          
valuation1 ! quantity br\ght to m>ket   
might1 ,i am fully  confid5t1 be equal  
to :at ,i h already /at$1 viz4 #ejj1jjj 
maunds1  or #ah1gej tons1 :i*1 tak5 at  
#bjj4 only p] ton1 :5 l&$1 w\ld  give a 
national b5efit equal to #c1gej1jjj6 & a
 rev5ue ( #fej1jjj4  aris+ f ! duty1 at 
#dj4 p] ton on ! raw mat]ial6    ,:5 x  
is recollect$ h[ dep5d5t we h be5 on o!r
 nations = a  supply ( tall[2 & t1 on an
 av]age ( peace & w>1 we pay  ne>ly #hj4
 p] ton = =eign tall[2 also1 t "o wax   
c&le (  equal weight w burn out two (   
tall[2 x %\ld seem evid5t1 t  !         
importation ( wax f our settlem5ts      
abroad1 z well z f  v>i\s ,indian isl&s1

 9 :i* x is abundantly produc$1 %\ld    
become an object ( national             
consid]ation4 ,! v unpleasant sc5t      
att5dant ^u ! use ( tall[1 & its great  
aptitude to gutt] 9 s  hot a climate1   
occasion its use to be conf9$ to ^?     
,europeans ^:  circum/ances may n p]mit 
!m to use wax4 ,?is occasions all :o    
return f ,india1 aft] long resid5ce !re1
 to be extremely  incommod$ by ! smell (
 m\ld c&les2 ! smoke ( :i* is1 to  !m1  
peculi>ly (f5sive1 & /rongly calls to   
m9d ! *]augs1  or oil-lamps1 9 common   
employ among ! natives1 & 9 ! z5anahs  (
 ,europeans4    ,! :ole ( ! doors &     
w9d[s be+ ?r[n op51 dur+ !  ev5+s       
especially1 x w\ld be impossible to     
prev5t ! curr5t (  air1 pass+ ?r\gh e "p
 ( ! int]ior1 f ext+ui%+ !  sev]al      
lights1 7 x n t l>ge glass cov]s1 call$ 
%ades1 7  appli$ by way ( prev5tives4   
,"s ( ^! %ades are made to /& on        
pill>s1 or p$e/als1 g5]ally ( wood1 )   
brass f]ules1 & hav+  broad pl9?s1 ei!r 
squ>e or circul>1 to prev5t _! be+      

easily  ov]set4    ,! o!r k9d (         
table-%ade is by no means s conv5i5t z t
 j  describ$1 x be+ an irregul> tube1   
/&+ on its base1 or broad]  extremity2  
&1 ?\gh spread+ 9 ! c5tre1 draw+ n>r[]  
t[>d  ! upp] "p4 ,?is k9d requires to be
 mu* long]1 s z to %elt]  ! flame ( a   
c&le /&+ on a c&le/ick1 :i* %\ld n1     
prop]ly1 be m ?an six in*es 9 height4 ,!
 inconv5i5ces by :i*  ?is %ade is att5d$
 are self-evid5t2 z x _c be c>ri$ ab\t1 
or lift$1 9 toto1 z ! p$e/al %ade may   
be4 ,^? lights :i*  are affix$ to !     
walls1 ei!r on sconces1 or brackets1 or 
t are  susp5d$ f hooks1 are g5]ally on !
 same pr9ciple2 ) ?is  necess>y         
diff]5ce1 t oil is *iefly burnt 9 su*1  
by means ( a  small glass tumbl] half   
fill$ ) wat]1 on :i* ! oil floats1 &    
supports a v slight t9 tube ) f\r t9    
w+s1 to ea* ( :i* a  piece ( cork is    
affix$4 ,dur+ ! ra9y season1 :5 insects 
( e  description are beyond cr$ibility  
num]\s1 x is (t5 absolutely  necess>y to
 remove all lights f ! supp] table2     

o!rwise mo?s1  flies1 bugs1 c41 w\ld be 
attract$ 9 su* numb]s z to ext+ui%  !m  
altoge!r1 b1 at all ev5ts1 to prove     
extremely obnoxi\s4 ,:5  ! lights are   
reta9$ on ! table1 x is cu/om>y to place
 !  c&le/icks 9 s\p plates1 c41 fill$ ) 
wat]3 by ?is means1 su*  insects1       
especially ! /9k+-bugs1 :i* fly ) great 
=ce1 are  (t5 precipitat$ & dr[n$3 x is 
n unusual to cat* :ole  platefuls 9 ?is 
mann]1 :i* w\ld o!rwise cont9ue to      
torm5t !  company4 ,no?+ c exce$ !      
irritation produc$ by ^! bugs :5  !y get
 into ! hair1 or betwe5 ! l95 & ! body6 
,nor are !y  9 !mselves innoc5t2 =1 ?\gh
 !y nei!r bite nor /+1 su* is  !        
acrimony !y possess1 t1 if bruis$ 9 su* 
mann] z to leave  any moi/ure on ! sk91 
great heat1 & sometimes bli/]s1 foll[$  
by excoriations t d n quickly heal1 may 
take place4 ,! same  effect is produc$  
by ! ur9e ( liz>ds1 :i* frequ5t !       
int]ior  ( h\ses1 & may (t5 be se5 9    
great numb]s crawl+ ab\t !  walls1 or on
 ! ceil+1 7if we may s t]m ! ro(s       

already  describ$17 9 pursuit ( ! small]
 & m delicate insects1 :i*  !y snap up )
 great dext]ity & gre$9ess4 ,x is really
 amus+  to obs]ve ) :at sagacity & c>e  
!y approa* _! prey1 &  ) :at rapidity !y
 d>t =? _! long tongues arm$ ) glut54   
,) respect to frogs1 toads1 &1          
occasionally1 snakes1 patroll+  ab\t !  
skirts ( ! ap>tm5ts1 ev5 ( ! be/ h\ses 9
 !  c\ntry1 !y mu/ be put up ) z matt]s 
( c\rse2 z mu/ also !  alight+ (        
cock-roa*es on ! face :ile at table1 or 
at c>ds1 c43  nor1 inde$1 mu/ ! resid5t 
9 ,india be v squeami% 9 reg>d to  bats1
 :i* freely indulge 9 ariel circuits ov]
 ! heads ( !  company1 on :i*1 too1 !y  
n[ & !n f9d x conv5i5t to halt  a:ile1  
)\t und]go+ ! previ\s c]emony ( obta9+  
p]mission4 ,^! all appe> t]rible        
drawbacks1 b are sc>cely  notic$ aft]   
a:ile3 s /rong is ! p[] ( habit4        
,c]ta9ly a v  consid]able portion ( !   
enjoym5ts1 :i* might o!rwise be  indulg$
 91 are1 9 a mann]1 proscrib$ by ^!     
nuisances2 b1  :e!r x be ow+ to t ennui 

g5]ally preval5t1 or to t k9d  (        
reconciliation :i* takes place betwe5 ! 
pe/ & its suff]]1  may be difficult to  
det]m9e2 we1 h[ev]1 see all ! old       
resid5ts  treat insects1 frogs1 toads1  
c41 ) great indiff]5ce2 ?\gh1 to be     
sure1 :5 a snake1 ( :atev] class1 makes 
8 entre1 an a/oni%+  degree ( activity1 
f> beyond :at ! =m] le?>gic symptoms    
c\ld  indicate1 sudd5ly prevails4    ,i 
h sev]al times se5 l>ge snakes coil$1 or
 r tw9$1 among  ! ,v5etians ( bungal[   
w9d[s1 & h obs]v$ t !  grass-snake1 :i* 
is ( a beautiful gre51 ) a r$di% head1  
is  p>tial to secret+ itself "u ! leaves
 ( tables1 &1 9  situations ( t         
description1 :]e x may be easily        
dislodg$1 or  t\*$1 by accid5t4 ,su* a  
prop5sity is peculi>ly obnoxi\s 9 a     
s]p5t ^: bite is g5]ally fatal4 ,?is    
snake may occasionally be  se5 twi/$    
r\nd ! small] b\ghs ( trees1 :5ce1 if   
di/urb$1 x  drops ) great read9ess1 &   
proce$s along ! tops ( ! grass  )       
admirable cel]ity1 &1 ow+ to ! simil>ity

 ( its color1  sc>cely all[+ ! dazzl$   
eye to foll[ its c\rse4    ,! ,cunjoors 
c>ry a great v>iety ( s]p5ts ab\t !     
c\ntry1  :i* !y are 9 ! habit ( exhibit+
 to families = a m]e trifle4  ,"s1 su* z
 ! adjghur or boa-con/rictor1 :i* has   
be5 kn[n  to rea* ! imm5se l5g? ( ?irty 
feet1 de/roy by ! ext5t (  _! bite1 or  
by compression2 :ile ! less] species    
seem to be  provid$ ) poison to make up 
= _! defici5cy ( bulk4 ,!  skeleton ( an
 adjghur 0 f\nd ne> ,*ittagong1 ab\t =ty
 ye>s  ago1 hav+ 9 its fauces ! skeleton
 ( a full-gr[n de]2 ! horns  ( :i*1 x 0 
suppos$1 _h occasion$ ! suffocation (   
its  unwieldy dev\r]4 ,i h se5 "o ( ?is 
k9d t requir$ eight m5  to lift him into
 8 basket6 ,an op]ation to :i*1 ei!r f  
habit1  or fatigue1 x submitt$ ) great  
resignation4 ,! covra capella1 is  !    
same z ! hood$-snake ( ,am]ica1 ?us     
designat$ f a peculi>  spread+ ( ! ?roat
 :5 9 a /ate ( irritation1 s z to give x
  mu* resemblance to a fl\nd]1 b ) a    
curi\s figure extremely  simil> to a    

pair ( spectacles1 :i*1 be+ "u ! ?roat1 
is fully  exhibit$ z ! snake rises1 z he
 is wont to d1 ne>ly half 8  l5g?1 be=e 
he d>ts ^u ! object ( res5tm5t4 ,^!     
snakes are  peculi>ly v5om\s1 &1 ?\gh   
av]ag+ f ?ree to five feet1 are  se5 to 
atta9 a l>g] size4 ,i h %ot f\r 9 "o    
day1 namely1 two  males1 ( a black1 or  
deep bottle gre52 & two females1        
ord9>ily (  a clay color2 :i* measur$ f 
six to n9e feet4 ,a few ye>s ago1 ,i    
saw "o exhibit$ by ! ,cunjoors1 or      
,saump>eahs1 7i4e4  snake-m517 :i*      
actually measur$ ab\t ?irte5 feet6 ,!   
daume5  gr[s to a l>ge size1 p]haps     
eight to twelve feet1 b has no v5om\s   
tee?1 or fangs4 ,he la%es ) 8 tail1     
coil+ into a b[1 &  await+ ! approa* (  
dogs1 m51 c41 be=e he la%es2 :i* he does
  ) su* sev]ity z (t5 to cut !          
integum5ts v deeply4 ,!  natives ent]ta9
 an op9ion t ! tail ( ?is snake is      
v5om\s2  & x might be suppos$1 f ! almo/
 c]ta9ly fatal effects  produc$ by its  
op]ation1 t x 7 s2 b ,i h always        

attribut$  ! mis*ief occasion$ !reby1 to
 t lac]ation produc$ by a v  r\gh scaly 
body1 su* z ! tail is1 proce$+ ) great  
=ce ov]  p>ts well kn[n to be peculi>ly 
irritable2 occasion+ a /rong  t5d5cy to 
t mo/ horrible affection ! tetanus1 or  
lock$-jaw1  f :i* n "o 9 a ?\s& recov]s4
 ,! covra manilla r>ely  gr[s to m ?an  
fifte5 or eighte5 in*es1 & is ( a mottl$
  appe>ance1 v indicative ( its         
delet]i\s prop]ty3 if ,i err n1  its    
bite is inv>iably fatal4 ,! d\ble-head$ 
snake receives t "n  f its body be+     
ne>ly cyl9drical1 ! tail t]m9at+ 9 a    
%ort  cone1 resembl+ a second head4 ,?is
 snake is *iefly se5 9 hilly  c\ntries1 
b is occasionally wa%$ d[n by ! annual  
floods1 to !  pla9s1 :]e x is f\nd 9    
dra9s & holl[s1 f :i* x does n  appe> to
 be ov]-well qualifi$ to escape4 ,its   
av]age l5g? may be  f two to ?ree feet1 
& its ?ickness1 or circumf]5ce1 f f\r   
to six in*es4    ,x may be acceptable to
 my read]s1 :ile ^u ?is subject1 to be  
in=m$ ( ! antidote2 viz4 ! volatile     

alkali1 or eau de luce4 ,a  few drops ( 
?is dilut$ suffici5tly 9 a w9e glass    
full ( wat]1 if  tak5 9 "t1 & repeat$ e 
two or ?ree h\rs1 or ev5 m  frequ5tly1  
has be5 kn[n to c\nt]act ! v5om aft] its
 effects _h  be5 s fully asc]ta9$ z to  
leave b little *ance ( recov]y4 ,i  nev]
 w5t out %oot+ )\t a small bottle ( ?is1
 clos$ by a  gr\nd /opp]1 9 my t9 box ( 
app>atus4 ,=tunately1 al?\gh ,i h  be5  
repeat$ly 9 imm95t dang]1 & _h snakes   
danc+ ! hayes all  ar\nd me1 no occasion
 ev] pres5t$ itself = hav+ rec\rse to my
  precaution>y bottle6    ,! foll[+     
extracts1 f a v int]e/+ communication   
made by ,w4  ,boag1 ,esq4 to ! ,asiatic 
,society1 w set ?is matt] 9 a prop]  =m1
 & qualify any p]son to judge ( ! dang]1
 f ! sev]al  symptoms preval5t1 9 ord9>y
 cases1 :5 ! v5om takes effect4 ,x  may 
be prop] to premise1 t _m :o h be5 bitt5
 by snakes (  ! wor/ description h n be5
 affect$2 m]ely ow+ to !  ?ickness ( _! 
cloa?+1 by :i* ! noxi\s fluid has be5   
absorb$4    ,mr4 ,boag in=ms u1 t #8,!  

symptoms :i* arise f ! bite ( a  s]p5t1 
are1 commonly1 pa91 swell+1 & r$ness 9 !
 "p bitt52  great fa9tness1 ) sickness  
at /oma*1 & sometimes vomit+1  succe$2 !
 brea? becomes %ort & labori\s2 ! pulse 
l[1 quick1  & int]rupt$3 ! w\nd1 :i* 0  
at fir/ r$1 becomes livid1  black1 &    
gangr5\s2 ! sk9 ( ! w\nd$ limb1 &       
sometimes (  ! :ole body1 assumes a     
yell[i% hue2 cold sweats & convulsions  
come on1 & ! pati5t s9ks1 sometimes 9 a 
few h\rs1 b commonly  at ! end ( two1   
?ree1 or f\r days4    #8,?is is ! usual 
progress :5 ! disease t]m9ates fatally2 
b1  happily1 ! pati5t w mo/ commonly    
recov]2 a reflection :i*  %\ld mod]ate !
 fe>s ( ^? :o happ5 to be bitt5 by      
snakes1  & :i*1 at any rate1 %\ld1 z mu*
 z possible1 be resi/$2 z !  depress+   
passion ( fe> w1 9 all cases1 assi/ !   
op]ation (  ! poison4    #8,! volatile  
alkali is ! rem$y mo/ly employ$ by      
physicians1 bo?  9 ,india & 9 ,europe2 b
 ! belief :i* =m]ly prevail$1 t x       
possess$ "s specific p[]1 :i* correct$ !

 poison1 seems to be  n[ v g5]ally      
rel9qui%$2 & x is n[ ackn[l$g$ to h no  
o!r action ?an t ascrib$ to x by ,mr4   
,williams1 7( ,b5>es17 (  /imulat+ !    
vascul> sy/em to a m vigor\s ex]tion4   
#8,! calces1 or1 z !y are m prop]ly     
call$1 ! oxyds ( "s  metals1 z ars5ic1  
m]cury1 & silv]1 h be5 made use (2 !    
efficacy ( :i*1 z rem$ies 9 ?is disease1
 m]it a m att5tive  consid]ation4       
#8,we are indebt$ to ,,fontaua = any k  
we possess reg>d+ !  use ( !            
lun>-cau/ic2 :i* is a prep>ation ( silv]
 9 !  nitr\s acid2 &1 consid]+ ! l5g? ( 
"t t has elaps$ s9ce  8 publication1 & !
 advantages result+ f its use1 x is     
wond]ful x has n excit$ m g5]al         
att5tion4    #8,he fir/ mix$ ! v5om ) ! 
lun>-cau/ic1 appli$ ?is mixture  to a   
w\nd1 & f\nd t ! v5om 0 r5d]$ entirely  
innoc5t1  :ile ! corrod+ p[] ( ! cau/ic 
0 dim9i%$4 ,he next w\nd$  a v>iety (   
animals1 ) v5om\s tee?1 sc>ifi$ ! w\nds1
 &  wa%$ !m ) a solution ( lun>-cau/ic 9
 wat]3 by ?is means1  ! lives ( !       

greate/ numb] ( ! animals 7 sav$1 ?\gh  
!y  7 su* z he knew to be mo/ easily    
kill$ by ! poison1 & !  dea? ( o!rs 0   
ret>d$4 ,he also tri$ a weak solution1 (
 ! same  rem$y1 int]nally1 ) rem>kable  
success1 &1 ^u ! :ole1 he  congratulates
 himself 9 see+ 8 labors at l5g? rew>d$1
 by !  discov]y ( a true specific rem$y 
= ! bites ( s]p5ts4    #8,a ligature    
%\ld1 z soon z possible1 be made above !
 "p bitt51  s z to imp$e1 b n entirely  
to /op1 ! circulation ( ! blood2  = !   
bite ( a s]p5t is1 = ! mo/ "p1          
sup]ficial1 & !  poison is c>ri$ into   
circulation by ! small] vessels on !    
surface2 ! w\nd %\ld !n be sc>ifi$1 &   
wa%$ 9 a solution  7r weak7 ( !         
lun>-cau/ic 9 wat]4'    ,mr4 ,boag      
recomm5ds a w>m ba? = ! limb bitt51 &   
?9ks !  addition ( a small quantity (   
nitr\s acid w\ld produce excell5t       
effects4 ,he speaks ( x only z a        
sugge/ion1 &1 :]e "t may  admit1 & !    
means be at h&1 !re c]ta9ly ought to be 
a fair  trial made ( s promis+ a !ory3 !

 mis=tune is1 t1 ow+ to  ! great heat ( 
! climate1 & ! dread ev] ent]ta9$ ( !   
result1 all ! symptoms proce$ )         
rapidity4 ,t g5tleman speaks (  sev]al  
h\rs elaps+ betwe5 ! accid5t1 & ! fatal 
t]m9ation2  b my own exp]i5ce satisfies 
me1 t n "o 9 t5 ( ^? bitt5  dur+ ! hot  
mon?s1 & especially :5 at "w1 or heat$ )
  travell+1 c41 survive m ?an "o h\r3 ,i
 h1 inde$1 se5  v>i\s cases1 9 :i* half 
t "t 0 ! utmo/2 & c\ld adduce  "s       
in/ances ( p]sons dy+ )9 ! qu>t] ( an   
h\r4    ,?\gh snakes c]ta9ly1 = ! mo/   
"p1 endeavor to avoid ! human  race1 !y 
h be5 kn[n to come v fi]cely to !       
attack4 ,no  d\bt1 :5 ?is has happ5$1 "s
 previ\s irritation has occurr$1 or  !y 
h be5 pursu$ by ! i*neumon2 7i4e4 !     
b5jy1 bissy1  or ne\le17 :i* is to be   
se5 wild 9 e "p ( ,india1 & may1  at    
times1 be f\nd cont5d+ ) snakes ( great 
bulk4 ,?is active  little animal1 !     
natural enemy ( all s]p5ts1 z well z ( !
  small] k9ds ( v]m91 worries 8 oppon5t 
by incessant fe9ts1 z  ?\gh he 7 ab\t to

 seize its ?roat1 &1 9 "t1 s fatigues1 z
  to r5d] x unable to resi/ ) its prim>y
 cel]ity & caution4  ,:5 ! snake is 9 t 
/ate1 ! i*neumon ru%es =w>d1 &1 by      
seiz+ its ?roat1 or ! back ( its head1  
soon lays ! env5om$  reptile lifeless at
 its comm&4 ,x sometimes happ5s t !     
i*neumon  receives a bite1 :5 he        
imm$iately rel9qui%es 8 object1 & seeks 
among ! neighb\r+ v]dure = "s root1 (   
:i* he eats1 &1  aft] roll+ himself 9 ! 
soil1 returns to ! *>ge ) unabat$       
ke5ness4 ,%\ld ! snake h retir$1 !      
little quadrup$ spe$ily  sc5ts him out1 
& r>ely fails to rev5ge himself = 8 pa/ 
dang]4  ,:at x is ! animal has rec\rse  
to1 nev] has be5 asc]ta9$2 (  c\rse1    
rema9s among our o!r important          
desid]ata4 ,! i*neumon is  n only       
dome/icat$ ) facility1 if obta9$ at an  
e>ly age1 b  becomes extremely          
affectionate4 ,nei!r rats nor snakes w  
ent] a  h\se 9 :i* a tame i*neumon is   
reta9$1 & all[$1 z is usual1  to range  
ab\t at pleasure4 ,! ,saump>eahs1 or    

snake-m51 keep "o1  or m1 = ! purpose ( 
exhibit+ _! feats 9 ! attack (  snakes4 
,x is wond]ful h[ accurately a          
,saump>eah w asc]ta91 m]ely by  smell+  
at a hole 9 a wall1 c41 :e!r a snake be 
)94 ,if su*  %\ld be ! case1 ! reptile's
 fate may be consid]$ z decid$2  =1 :at 
) ! music ( a rude species ( oboe1 & !  
allurem5t  ( v>i\s drugs1 9 :i* dunneah1
 a species ( cori&]1 among  :i* snakes  
delight to bask1 are preval5t1 he soon  
comes =?1 & is  ei!r tak5 9 a bag1 or by
 an assi/ant snat*+ hold ( 8 tail  ) "o 
h&1 & slid+ ! o!r ) great rapidity up to
 its  ?roat2 :i*1 be+ con/rict$ by !    
grasp1 occasions ! fangs to be  expos$3 
^! be+ extract$1 ! captive is add$ to ! 
/ock (  innoc5ts4    ,?\gh dim9utive1 9 
reg>d to corporeal ext5t1 ! musquito may
 be  consid]$ a mo/ =midable enemy to ! 
repose ( almo/ e ?+  possess+ animation1
 b especially to ,europeans2 ^: mann] ( 
liv+ g5]ally gives a consid]able t5d5cy 
to g5]al1 z well z to  local1           
inflammation4 ,9 ?is ,i speak           

relatively2 =1 :5 we comp>e  ! habits ( 
our c\ntrym5 ) ^? ( ! natives1 we %all  
f9d  t a v great diff]5ce prevails1 & t1
 :at we might 9 ,europe  call mod]ation1
 may1 9 ,asia1 v prop]ly be con/ru$ into
 excess4  ,?is diff]5ce is s great1 t1 9
 ord9>y cases1 ! physicians'  fir/ c>e  
is to l[] ! temp]am5t ( 8 ,briti%       
pati5t1 !reby  to repress ! usual t5d5cy
 t[>ds inflammation2 especially 9       
p]sons ( a ple?oric habit1 or lately    
arriv$ f ,europe2 :ile1 on  ! contr>y1 x
 g5]ally requires "s ef=t to keep !     
frugal  native f s9k+ "u t typhus to :i*
 he is mo/ subject4    ,musquitoes      
g5]ally rema9 inactive dur+ ! day1      
retir+ to !  bord]s ( "s muddy pool1 or 
/9k+ dra91 :]e !y deposit _!  ova1 :i*1 
9 a few days1 produce a noxi\s million1 
t may be se5  9 _! sev]al /ages1 at mo/ 
times ( ! ye>1 & especially  dur+ ! hot 
season1 :5 su* puddles are (t5 bo?      
replete )1  & cov]$ by1 "y musquitoes4  
,^! unpleasant companions n only make a 
v disagreeable humm+1  b ?ru/ _! trunks1

 ! same z ! common knat does 8          
proboscis1  betwe5 ! ?reads ( a /ock+1  
c42 &1 :ile suck+ ! blood (  _! victim1 
cause a v sm>t+ s5sation1 :i* does n    
imm$iately cease2 if scrat*$1 a         
musquito-bite w usually rise into  a    
small :ite1 h>d lump2 :i*1 on fur!r     
provocation1 proce$s to  suppurate2     
frequ5tly deg5]at+ into v ob/9ate sores4
 ,in/ances  h occurr$ ( v s]i\s         
consequ5ces be+ entail$1 by an  ungu>d$ 
indulg5ce grant$ to ! nails at ! mom5t (
 irritation4    ,e b$1 7commonly call$ a
 cot17 is furni%$ ) a set ( inn]        
curta9s1 made ( gauze1 manufactur$ = t  
purpose 9 sev]al p>ts  ( ,b5gal1 & kn[n 
by ! "n ( koppradool4 ,^! curta9s1 be+  
v ?91 & g5]ally ( a gre5 color1 s]ve n  
only to deb>  access to ! musquitoes1 b1
 )\t mu* ob/ruction to ! air1  (f] a    
pleasant m$ium betwe5 ! eye1 & any gl>e 
:i* may ei!r  ent] directly f ! ext]ior1
 or be reflect$ by ! walls2 :i*1  9 mo/ 
h\ses1 are :ite1 z already expla9$ 9    
describ+ !  ,european ar*itecture ( !   

,ea/4    ,x is always exp$i5t to h ^!   
curta9s put up be=e x is d>k2  o!rwise  
musquitoes1 be+ !n on ! w+1 w1 if       
possible1 f9d  _! way to ! int]ior2 :5ce
 x is n v easy to fan !m out4  ,besides1
 by ?is easy precaution1 x is n v       
practicable = snakes1  or rats1 to get  
"u ! pill[s1 or into ! b$2 situations 9 
:i*  !y h occasionally be5 f\nd4 ,! rats
 are (t5 induc$ to burr[  into ! pill[s1
 :i* are usually /uff$ ) ! silky-cotton 
call$  seemul1 :]e9 ! se$s are left1 &1 
by _! oily nature1 attract  ?is         
description ( v]m9 9 p>ticul>4 ,!       
females sometimes resort  to x :5 ab\t  
to br+ =? _! "y3 h5ce1 x is n uncommon  
to f9d ! old lady 9 possession ( a      
pill[1 or bol/]1 or1  ev5tually1 ( !    
mattress2 especially if no p]son has    
slept on !m  = a few nights4 ,on bo>d   
budjr[s1 rats are (t5 v tr\blesome1     
de/roy+ boots1 %oes1 c41 )\t m]cy3 ,i h 
frequ5tly felt  !m1 dur+ ! night1       
attack+ ! p[d] & pomatum at ! back (  my
 head4 ,( ?is ! cock-roa* also is v     

fond1 b ! s5sation x  produces is no?+ m
 ?an a tickl+1 z ?\gh ! f+]s (  ano!r   
p]son 7 introduc$ among ! hair2 :]eas1 a
 rat makes a  m desp]ate attack1 (t5    
giv+ a /rong pull1 or1 occasionally1    
knaw+ at ! accumulat$ grease1 :i* adh]es
 to ! head itself4  ,?\gh ,i made x a   
rule always to h my b$-cloa?s /ripp$ (f1
 &  my pill[s turn$ ov]1 be=e ,i got    
into b$1 no?+ ( ! s]p5t  k9d 0 ev]      
discov]$1 ?\gh _m rats & mice 7 at times
  dislodg$4 ,o!r p]sons h n be5 s       
=tunate2 my own exp]i5ce  has made me   
acqua9t$ ) v>i\s in/ances ( snakes be+  
f\nd 9  b$s :]eon g5tlem5 7 ab\t to     
repose4 ,a v curi\s circum/ance  happ5$ 
_m ye>s back1 ( a lady be+ call$ by h]  
s]vant to see a  snake t lay v cont5t$ly
 betwe5 two ( h] infants1 :i* slept  on 
a small cot4 ,x may be readily suppos$  
_! p]il\s situation  produc$ ! mo/      
dreadful anxiety4 ,) great =titude1 &   
pres5ce  ( m9d1 %e direct$ ! m5ial to g 
to "o side ( ! b$1 & to  seize "o ( !   
*ildr5 by a leg & an arm1 :ile %e did ! 

same  ) ! o!r2 & ?us to snat* !m away4  
,?is 0 a bold measure1  & possibly sav$ 
! little ones f injury2 b1 _h ! "m      
caus$ a *aff+ di% to be br\ght into !   
ap>tm5t1 & set !reon  "s milk to boil1 !
 smell ( x w\ld in/antly h caus$ ! snake
  to creep out1 = ! purpose ( p>tak+ ( 8
 favorite food4 ,?\gh  all snakes are   
peculi>ly fond ( a c]ta9 w>m temp]ature1
 incl9+  to summ] heat1 !y w1 9 g5]al1  
take to ! wat] v freely1  especially :5 
pursu$4 ,_m p]sons pret5d to di/+ui% su*
 z are  v5om\s1 by _! av]sion !reto2 b  
su* is v fallaci\s4 ,i h  repeat$ly se5 
covra capellas d>t into puddles1 &      
ponds1 )  seem+ eag]ness4 ,x is         
extremely dang]\s to proce$ along       
pa?-ways1  lead+ ?r\gh grass cov]s1 or  
jungles1 at night2 z1 at t "t1  numb]s (
 snakes w quit ! heavy grass = ! purpose
 ( ly+ 9  ! curr5t ( air1 :i* necess>ily
 proce$s along ^? pa?s ^:  sides are    
conf9$1 p]haps to ! height ( sev]al     
feet1 by grass &  und]wood1 & cause !m  
to resemble ! vi/as cut ?r\gh coppices1 

c4    ,f :at has be5 said above1 _m may 
be l$ to suppose1 t1 9  ,india1 e /ep is
 att5d$ ) dang]2 &1 t nei!r ! day1  nor 
! night1 (f]s security4 ,?is c]ta9ly is 
n always ! case2  b ,i %\ld /rongly     
advise e p]son to act ?r\gh\t )         
caution2 & to suppose ^! dang]s ,i h    
describ$ to be imm95t4  ,?is1 ?\gh x may
 n be com=table1 w g5]ally insure       
safety4  ,) reg>d to scorpions1         
c5tip$es1 c41 too mu* circumspection  _c
 be us$4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry !y are v 
num]\s1  capable ( inflict+ great pa91 &
 ( produc+ v sev]e local  inflammation4 
,in/ances h be5 kn[n ( s]i\s            
indisposition hav+  be5 induc$ by ! /+s 
( scorpions 9 p>ticul>4 ,! "y ones  are 
g5]ally ( a yell[i%1 or dun1 or clay    
color2 z !y advance 9  gr[?1 !y         
gradually become d>k]1 until !y acquire 
a bottle color4  ,?\gh v r>e1 ,i h se5 a
 few ( ^! :i* measur$ ne>ly eight  in*es
 f ! m\? to ! po9t ( ! /+1 :i* mu*      
resembles a  l>ge d>k-color$ ?orn f a   
rose-bu%4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two k9ds  (  

scorpions1 ( :i* t species above        
describ$ is c]ta9ly !  mo/ =midable2    
=tunately1 x is seldom to be se5 9      
places mu*  frequ5t$3 ! o!r k9d may (t5 
be se5 by doz5s 9 ! folds ( a  t5t1 c41 
laid by 9 a d>k place among old rubbi%2 
&1 n  unfrequ5tly1 9 ! cracks ( old mud 
walls4 ,_m a poor s]vant1 9  walk+ ab\t 
a h\se at night1 or 9 rummag+ among old 
/ores1 gets  /ung by ! beehu 7scorpion74
 ,! "p affect$ g5]ally swells1  & sm>ts1
 or1 r a*es1 consid]ably3 b ! rem$y is  
easy2 a  rag moi/5$ ) v9eg> af=d+ spe$y 
relief4 ,! same application  is equally 
prop] 9 case ( be+ bitt5 by a c5tip$e1  
call$ by  ! natives kaungooj]2 f !      
op9ion ent]ta9$ t x is apt to  creep    
into ! e>4 ,t su* may h tak5 place1 _c  
be d5i$2  b x w\ld1 ,i believe1 prove   
extremely difficult to produce a        
well-au!nticat$ in/ance4 ,! c5tip$e is  
by no means calculat$ =  su* an         
ins9uation2 he be+ ( "s bread?1 & gr[+1 
r  quickly1 to su* a size z mu/ preclude
 ! possibility ( 8 gett+  into ! e>3 ,i 

h se5 sev]al measur+ n9e & t5 in*es 9   
l5g?2 & z broad1 ?\gh n above a ?ird s  
?ick1 z a man's  f+]3 we may consid]    
half ^? dim5sions to con/itute ! ord9>y 
bulk4    ,wasps & hornets are e :]e     
abundant dur+ ! :ole ye>3 !  latt]      
commonly ne/le 9 ! gr\nd1 or 9 ! holl[ (
 a tree1 or  p]haps =m a small cell 9 "s
 corn]1 or "u a ?at*1 & !re  deposit _! 
l>v4 ,! =m] are sometimes se5 9 su*     
numb]s z to  occasion consid]able       
uneas9ess2 !y n only make _! ne/s )9  ! 
walls ( bungal[s1 if1 by means ( cracks1
 or ( di/ances  betwe5 wood-"w1 !y %\ld 
f9d ! opportunity1 b boldly  con/ruct _!
 combs )9 ! ap>tm5ts2 sometimes atta*$  
to a  cornice1 b mo/ g5]ally 9 "o ( !   
upp] corn]s ( a w9d[  frame1 s z to h   
ready means ( retir+4 ,! de/ruction ( ^!
  intrud]s is n always practicable1 )\t 
consid]able dang]4 ,!  be/ mode is to   
cov] a man well up 9 a blanket1 & to    
place on 8  head a pot ( emb]s1 on :i* a
 lump ( sulphur is laid2 s t1 by  /&+ "u
 ! comb1 ! fumes may /upify1 or at lea/ 

expel1 !  wasps2 aft] :i* ! comb may be 
remov$ )\t difficulty4 ,!  greate/ dang]
 is :5 ! wasps take possession ( "s spot
 v ne>  to ! ?at*2 = in/ance1 if !y     
atta* _! dwell+ to "o ( !  raft]s4 ,:5 x
 is consid]$1 t half ! ?at*es are       
extremely  decay$1 & take fire l t9d]1 x
 mu/ be obvi\s h[ delicately  ! op]ation
 %\ld be manag$3 9 su* case1 a sl[ mat*1
 made to  conta9 a l>ge portion (       
sulphur1 & fa/5$ to ! end ( a pole1  is1
 p]haps1 ! mo/ secure device2 =1 if a   
s+le sp>k 7 to fly  into ! ?at*1 x      
probably w\ld1 l ,doctor ,slop's wig1 be
 #8ne>ly  consum$ be=e x 7 well k9dl$6' 
,bees are by no means s bold z wasps &  
hornets1 b !y frequ5tly  take possession
 ( "s bu%1 or ev5 ( sev]al p>ts ( a h$ge
 ar\nd  a g>d51 especially "o well /ock$
 ) fl[]s2 r5d]+ x unsafe  to approa* t  
qu>t]4 ,! combs are sometimes l>ge1 b   
may1  p]haps1 on ! av]age1 :5 full1     
weigh f f\r to t5 p\nds4 ,no  bees are  
dome/icat$ 9 ,india2 at lea/ ,i nev]    
he>d ( an api>y (  any description2     

?\gh1 f ! great abundance ( food to be  
_h at  all seasons1 x might prove v easy
 to ma9ta9 !m prop]ly4 ,!  tru? is1 t   
wild honey is s *eap & abundant z to    
preclude !  necessity = tak+ any fur!r  
pa9s to obta9 x1 ?an m]ely cutt+  !     
combs away f _! ?orny def5ces4    ,bugs1
 su* z infe/ our b$s 9 ,europe1 are     
beyond imag9ation num]\s  ?r\gh\t !     
,ea/4 ,e *>poy1 7or b$/ead17 ( :atev]   
size1  or description1 9 use among !    
natives1 sw>ms ) !m6 ,h5ce1 x is  next  
to impossible to prev5t _! gett+ among !
 furniture1 &  especially into ! boxes1 
draw]s1 c41 9 :i* cloa?s are kept2 &  ! 
mo/ c>eful1 cleanly p]son1 may sometimes
 f9d a /ray bug  crawl+ ^u 8 l951 or ly+
 conceal$ among ! plaits4 ,musquito     
curta9s are1 on ?is acc\nt also1 v      
useful2 b !y %\ld be  se>*$ daily1 le/  
any /raggl]s1 c41 be on !m4 ,p]haps !   
be/  def5ce aga9/ ^! na/y torm5tors1 is 
t 9 g5]al use z a  prev5tive aga9/ !    
visits ( ants1 c5tip$es1 c42 viz4 caus+ 
!  f\r po/s ( a b$ to /& ea* ^u a /one1 

p]haps a foot 9  diamet]1 & five or six 
in*es deep1 :]e9 a deep tr\gh is cut1   
:i*1 be+ kept full ( wat]1 insulates ea*
 po/4 ,"s use metal  pans1 :i* c]ta9ly h
 a neat] appe>ance1 & secure ! c>pet1   
mat1 c41 f be+ injur$ by ! damp2 :i*    
sometimes w f9d its  way1 m or less1    
?r\gh /one1 h[ev] h>d4    ,! natives    
r>ely h po/s to _! b$/eads2 ?\gh a few1 
occasionally1 affix a k9d ( te/]1 by    
means ( a /aple1 at ! head2  ^? :o c\ld 
af=d ! be/ furniture1 & e conv5i5ce1 are
  m pleas$ :5 att5d$ by a slave1 or     
m5ial1 :o1 ) a small  punkah1 7or fan17 
g5tly agitates ! air1 & keeps (f flies &
  musquitoes4 ,x sc>cely ne$ be po9t$   
out h[ (f5sive su* a  practice may      
occasionally prove1 & t :5 ! s]vant     
drops asleep  :ile p]=m+ 8 t$i\s (fice1 
! ma/] g5]ally w be  awak$4 ,"s1 ( !    
natives especially1 _c g to sleep )\t   
be+ lull$ !reto1 by means ( an op]ation 
call$ by ,europeans  %ampo+4 ,?is       
consi/s 9 a g5tle pressure ( ! feet &   
legs1 z  also ( ! arms & h&1 or1        

occasionally1 ( ! body also1 betwe5  !  
h&s ( ! op]ator1 :o passes ei!r sl[ly1  
or r rapidly1  accord+ to ! fancy ( 81  
or h]1 ma/]1 f "o "p to ano!r4  ,t      
consid]able relief is obta9$ f %ampo+1  
_c be  d\bt$2 ,i h repeat$ly be5 re/or$ 
surpriz+ly f sev]e  fatigue1 z well z f 
a c]ta9 langor & wat*fulness1 common 9  
hot climates1 & no d\bt proce$+ f       
indige/ion1 or f a  n]v\s affection1    
m]ely by hav+ my feet g5tly press$ 9 ?is
  mann]4 ,x is curi\s1 t ,capta9 ,cook  
%\ld h f\nd ?is cu/om  to be preval5t 9 
! ,isl& ( ,tongataboo1 :]e x is call$   
#8toogey-toogey1' 9 allusion to ! beat+ 
( a drum ) ! fi/s4  ,n[1 ! common small 
drums us$ 9 ,india1 :i* are susp5d$ 9   
front  ( ! body1 are call$              
#8doog-doogies1' &1 9 "s places1 !      
natives ( ,india1 %ampo1 by beat+ ) !   
fi/s1 call+ !  op]ation1 n by ! common  
t]m deb\nah1 7or press+17 b  doogaunah4 
,x is a "q :e!r ! latt] t]m be a        
corruption1  or a d]ivative f !         
doog-doogy4 ,a simil> practice obta9s 9 

,egypt1 &1 inde$1 ?r\gh\t ! ,turki%     
empire2 especially at !  ba?s1 :]e      
%ampo+ is consid]$ a matt] ( c\rse4 ,if 
my memory  be correct1 ,capta9 ,cook 0  
reliev$ f a sev]e rheumatic compla9t  by
 an op]ation ( ?is description2 ) ?is   
diff]5ce1 t1 9 lieu  ( soo?+ pressure1 !
 p>ts affect$ 7 n beat g5tly1 b  squeez$
 =cibly1 betwe5 ! h&s4 ,i h some:]e     
read1 t  g\ty pa9s 7 9 l mann] remov$2 b
 %\ld conclude1 t  su* c\ld only be fly+
 pa9s2 = ! t5d]ness ( p>ts locally      
attack$ by ! g\t1 c\ld n1 ,i appreh5d1  
be invad$1 )\t  subject+ ! p>ty to      
excruciat+ torture4    ,sett+ ap>t !    
b5efits :i* may occasionally be d]iv$ f 
%ampo+1 we may consid] x z "o ( ^?      
luxuries :i*1 l !  hookah1 ! snuff-box1 
! br&y-bottle1 c41 become s habitual z  
to plunge u into indescribable uneas9ess
 :5ev] !y may be out (  our rea*2 (     
c\rse1 x is prud5t to avoid be+ %ampo$1 
except  :5 a k9d ( re/lessness1 or      
wat*fulness1 is induc$ by excess1 (  any
 description4 ,9 su* case1 imm$iate     

relief is (t5 ( great  importance2 b x  
may be prop] n to h rec\rse to !        
indulg5ce  except on em]g5cy1 s9ce its  
effects are gradually less5$ by         
repetition1 & ! want ( a m5ial to p]=m !
 op]ation may cause  mu* irritation &   
disquietude4    ,! greate/ att5tion is  
requisite to arate e ap>tm5t 9 a  prop] 
mann] daily2 )\t t precaution1 all !    
aids (  *ampo+1 ( musquito-curta9s1     
wat]-pots1 ba?+1 c41 w be (  little     
avail1 z fev]s & ob/ructions ( ! liv]   
inv>iably foll[1  :5ev] ! atmosph]e )9 a
 *amb] is all[$ to become f\l3 ,i  "k n1
 inde$1 any ?+ m weak5+1 or m de/ructive
 to !  con/itution1 ?an sleep+ 9 "o t is
 defici5t 9 po9t (  v5tilation2 & to    
cont9ue 9 su*1 aft] be+1 9 any degree1  
indispos$1 is little less ?an absolute  
insanity6 ,no?+ w be f\nd  to contribute
 m to heal? ?an sleep+ cool2 adv]t+1 at 
! same  "t1 to ! precautions already    
laid d[n1 n to place ! cot s t  any     
=cible curr5t ( air %\ld pass ov] x1 le/
 p]spiration be  ob/ruct$1 & ! wor/     

consequ5ces be induc$4 ,! w9t] mon?s  w 
(t5 dictate ! use ( "o1 or p]haps two1  
good ?ick blankets2  :ile ! summ] heats 
w cause ! rejection ( all b$-cloa?+     
above ! body2 occasion+ ! g5]al use (   
long draw]s1 :i*1 =  ! mo/ "p1 are made 
( ?9 silk1 or ( f9e calico3 "s h !m     
made ) feet1 !reby effectually prev5t+  
musquitoes f bit+ 9  t qu>t]1 b1 to me1 
su* 7 always extremely unpleasant4      
,dur+ ! hotte/ "p ( ! ye>1 _m disp5se ) 
_! %irts1  b reta9 _! banians1 or       
"u-%irts1 ! skirts ( :i* are  conf9$ by 
! long draw]s1 :i* are usually fa/5$ by 
a draw+  cord ( silk4 ,e>ly ris+ is     
p>ticul>ly to be recomm5d$1 = !  purpose
 ( tak+ ex]cise be=e breakfa/4 ,among   
milit>y p]sons ?is  salut>y practice is 
g5]ally inculcat$ malgr lui2 &1 among   
civilians1 ought to be s1 by !          
additional motive ( hav+ !  =5oon devot$
 to (fice att5dance1 or to :atev] duties
 may dem&  notice4    ,! amusem5ts (f]$ 
to ,europeans 9 ,india are by no means  
num]\s1  nor are !y ( any cont9uance2 ! 

climate1 ! localities1 & !  occupations1
 ( all1 r5d]+ x impossible to p>take (  
su* v>iety1  or 9 su* com=t1 z we enjoy 
9 ,europe4 ,calcutta c boa/ ( a v       
tol]able !atre1 c5trically situat$1 &   
spaci\s en\gh to conta9  z _m spectators
 z are g5]ally to be f\nd )9 ! t[n4 ,?is
  0 built ab\t fifty ye>s ago1 by       
subscription1 9 %>es ( "o  ?\s& rupees  
ea*2 b1 ow+ to ! v heavy exp5ces incurr$
 9  gett+ up plays1 :i* =m]ly dep5d$    
entirely on ! p5*ant (  g5tlem51 :o     
p]=m$ all ! *>act]s1 bo? male & female1 
!  debts became s v heavy1 t ! conc]n   
fell into disrepute1 &  ! %>es 7 sold = 
half _! orig9al value4    ,x may seem   
/range1 t1 :ile no p]=m]s ( any         
description 7  employ$1 ! h\se %\ld get 
into debt2 &1 t s9ce hirel+s h  be5     
engag$1 x %\ld h be5 9 a m fl\ri%+ /ate4
 ,!  enigma is1 h[ev]1 easy ( solution4 
,g5tlem5 ( prop]ty1 fa%ion1  &          
consequ5ce1 7 n easily controll$2 !y    
w\ld h new dresses  = e "*1 & 7 to be   
kept 9 hum\r by good supp]s aft]  ea*   

rehe>sal1 "s tickets = _! fri5ds1 c41   
c41 c42 s t1  :5 all 0 reckon$ up1 !    
receipts 7 inv>iably less ?an !         
disbursem5ts4 ,x is true t a gold-mohur 
7#b gu9eas7 0 ! price (  a box          
admission1 t ! pit 0 half a mohur1 & !  
gall]y a  qu>t] ( a mohur2 b ! h\se 0   
r>ely full1 & !re 7 r>ely  m ?an t5     
pieces p]=m$ dur+ ! :ole ye>1 & ^?      
g5]ally 9 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y1 & ,febru>y4
 ,! h\se _h co/ a lac  ( rupees 7i4e4   
#ajj1jjj1 equal to #ab1ejj47 9 build+1 &
 fitt+  up2 !re=e1 !re 0 a con/ant dem& 
= int]e/1 at twelve p]  c5t41 equal to  
#a1ejj4 ye>ly2 t1 h[ev]1 0 commut$ into 
silv]  tickets1 :i* necess>ily dim9i%$ !
 receipts2 caus+ ! %>es  to s9k f money 
speculations into m]e family conv5i5ces4
    ,! heavy incumbrances br\ght on by !
 above inconsid]ate measures1  occasion$
 a necessity = lett+ out ! !atre to any 
p]son :o  w\ld conduct ! amusem5ts 9 su*
 mann] z might prev5t matt]s  f gr[+    
worse4 ,?is accord+ly 0 done1 & a _s (  
ent]prize 0 creat$ 9 ! manag] ?us       

appo9t$ by a majority (  ! proprietors1 
:]eby a great encrease took place 9 !   
p]=mances1 :i* became *iefly dep5dant on
 pr(essional p]sons  engag$ at lib]al   
sal>ies2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 few g5tlem5
 9  ! ,company's s]vice contribut$ ! aid
 ( _! tal5ts4 ,?is  secession 0         
occasion$ by ! m>k$ displeasure ev9c$ by
 ,m>quis  ,cornwallis t[>ds all :o took 
p>ts 9 ! dramas3 x ?reat5$ to  close !  
doors ( ! !atre4 ,a competition aris+   
ab\t ! same  "t1 produc$ an effect :i*  
accid5tally su/a9$ ! speculation1  by   
caus+ an int]e/1 inde$1 a spirit$ p>ty1 
to be =m$1 9 favor  ( ! old h\se1 :i*1 9
 a v %ort "t1 triumph$1 & caus$ !       
opposition to give up4    ,) respect to 
! m]its ( ! g5tlem5 p]=m]s1 mu* may be  
said3 !re c]ta9ly 7 among !m "s :o might
 h appe>$  be=e a ,london audi5ce )\t   
any fe> ( disapprobation4 ,! names  (   
,fleetwood1 ,mess9k1 ,nor=1 ,gold+1     
,bigg]1 ,call1 ,keasb]ry1  ,rob9son1 c41
 c41 w long be rememb]$ by ! lov]s ( !  
drama2  nor w !y be easily effac$ f !   

memory ( ^? 9 ^: he>ts  _! m]its1 z     
memb]s ( society1 7 deeply impress$4 ,! 
sc5]y  0 orig9ally furni%$ f ,engl&1 "u 
! auspices ( ,g>rick1  :o s5t out ,mr4  
,mess9k = ! purpose ( regulat+ ! !atre  
at  its out-set4 ,s9ce t "t1 v>i\s      
additions h be5 made by  diff]5t arti/s 
( ackn[l$g$ ability1 among :om1 ,mr4    
,battle may be  notic$ z possess+       
sup]ior tal5ts1 bo? 9 t important bran*1
  & 9 ! repres5tation ( v>i\s int]e/+   
*>act]s4 ,x is1  h[ev]1 to be expect$1  
t1 not)/&+ ! great encrease ( !         
,european population1 by :om x is almo/ 
:olly support$1 ! !atre  mu/ be sold (f4
 ,?is1 ?\gh a sev]e privation1 :]e e    
item 9  ! catalogue ( public amusem5ts  
is highly appreciat$1 w n fall  heavy on
 ! proprietors4 ,! facility ) :i* !     
edifice might be  conv]t$ into a sup]b  
suite ( (fices1 or into a magnific5t    
dwell+1 w\ld insure !m ! re-paym5t ( _! 
money2 especially z  ! quantity ( l&    
res]v$ ar\nd x1 = ! accommodation (     
palanqu9s1 c41 is extremely valuable3   

inde$1 t alone mu/ be  wor? full !      
aggregate am\nt ( ! %>es at _! ord9>y   
value2  :i* has g5]ally be5 ab\t =ty or 
fifty p] c5t4 "u p>4    ,! tempor>y     
!atres t h at v>i\s times be5 erect$ at 
!  sev]al milit>y /ations1 h always (f]$
 consid]able  gratification to _! sev]al
 audi5ces4 ,9 ^! *eap #8epitomes (      
,roman greatness' _m a good play has be5
 p]=m$ 9 an excell5t  /yle1 su* z put u 
9 m9d ( ! "m-c\ntry1 & occasion$ _m  a  
comp>ison by no means d]ogatory to !    
,asiatic bo>ds4 ,exclusive (  ! ex]tions
 ( ^? (fic]s :o indulg$ !mselves 9 ?is  
recreation1 _m ( ! noncommission$ &     
privates ( ! ,european  regim5ts        
contribut$ ri*ly to ! catalogue (       
hi/rionic *>act]s4  ,"s1 ?\gh p]haps n  
gift$ ) grace1 nor enri*$ by erudition1 
nev]!less display$ an accurate          
discrim9ation ( ! au?ors'  int5tions1 & 
comm&$ ! applause ( _! audi5ces2 among  
:om1 a  v l>ge portion 7 compet5t judges
 ( dramatic excell5ce4    ,! ,calcutta  
race-c\rse is situate ab\t a mile & a   

half to !  s\?w>d ( ! t[n2 x is by no   
means duly pres]v$1 be+  occasionally   
mu* injur$ by ! c>riages ( g5tlem5 :o   
frequ5t x  z a ride4 ,x is true !re is a
 cl]k ( ! c\rse2 b he has no  p[] to    
en=ce ! obs]vance ( ! rules laid d[n by 
!  ,jockey-,club2 he _c1 9 fact1 prev5t 
! c\rse f be+ mis]ably  defac$1 & cut   
up2 nor c he1 ev5 :5 ! horses are runn+1
 keep  x cle> f ob/ructions4 ,?is evil  
arises f a want ( disposition  9 !      
majority ( ^? :o frequ5t ! place1 to jo9
 9 ! sports1  or ev5 to enc\rage !m2    
h5ce1 a want ( c\rtesy is preval5t1 &  !
 horses run "u great disadvantages4 ,x  
may be said1 t1 z !y  run only dur+ !   
cold mon?s1 :5 ! turf is tol]ably firm1 
little  injury is done by ! c>riages :i*
 travel ov] x2 b1 9 answ] to  ?is1 x may
 be urg$1 t a rut1 or track1 made at t  
"t1 spe$ily  h>d5s1 & becomes dang]\s   
bo? to ! horses & to _! rid]s4  ,b1 :]e 
few are int]e/$1 few w be consid]ate4   
,_m horses t h />t$ at ,calcutta w\ld   
make no contemptible  figure ev5 at     

,newm>ket3 accord+ to ! di/ance1 & ! "t 
9  :i* ! c\rse has be5 run ov]1 ,i h    
reason to believe1 t a  few1 :i* c\ld be
 m5tion$1 might competite ) ! be/ ( !   
second class ( ,briti% rac]s4 ,tak+ into
 consid]ation1 t su* are  entirely !    
result ( *ance pur*ases1 & n f any c>e 9
  bre$+1 x may be fairly argu$ t !      
horses ( ,india1 by :i* ,i  mean ^?     
br\ght f ,c&ah>1 ,lahore1 ! ,mah>rattah 
/ates1 c41  possess consid]able spe$4   
,_m1 inde$1 ( t small indig5\s  bre$1   
:i* is usually held 9 contempt1         
especially on ! turf1 h  display$ v     
great p[]s1 & di/anc$ horses n only (   
consid]able value1 b ( high reputation4 
,! race-gr\nds 9 o!r  p>ts ( ! c\ntry   
are n bett] pres]v$ ?an t at !          
,presid5cy2 h[ev]1 !re is ample room =  
tol]ation1 bo? because  !re are few     
horses kept = runn+2 ! races1 9 ^?      
qu>t]s1  be+ m]ely desultory1 & ! c\rse 
g5]ally m>k$ out1 pro  tempore1 f "s    
uncultivat$ spot2 :i*1 hav+ a tol]able  
surface1 may answ] ! purpose ( amusem5t 

= two or ?ree days at  ,*ri/mas4        
,?\gh !re are tattoo 7i4e4 poney7 races1
 at ,calcutta1 few ( t  class are br\ght
 =w>d1 except aft] v full pro( ( _!     
qualifications2 9 fact1 ! poney-races   
are (t5 sup]ior to ^? run  by ! be/     
cattle on ! cl]k's regi/]4 ,at !        
out-/ations1  mat*es1 or sweep/akes1 are
 made solely ) ! view to m]rim5t1 or  f 
:im1 frolic1 or p]iodical elevation aft]
 a he>ty regale4 ,"h  we see cause =    
mir?1 &1 n unfrequ5tly1 f9d a           
clumsy-look+  bea/1 ) heavy heels1 & a  
head l a yam1 tak+ ! lead (             
#8trim-built :]ries1' t seem to *all5ge 
competition4 ,i recollect a  curi\s     
in/ance ( ?is3 a v %abby1 heavy-look+   
tattoo1  belong+ to ,capta9 ,cs> ,jones1
 />t$ 9 ?is adv5titi\s mann]1  &1 to !  
surprize ( all1 fairly di/anc$ sev]al   
celebrat$ /e$s4  ,he 0 s5t to ,calcutta1
 :]e 8 unc\? appe>ance caus$ him to be  
ridicul$1 b !re 0 no /&+ aga9/ 8 spe$ & 
bottom4  ,h5ce1 he acquir$ ! "n (       
#8,,take-,,92' a designation :i* !  kn[+

 ones feel+ly ackn[l$g$ to be highly    
appropriate6 ,! _s  = bett+ at races    
does n run v high 9 ,india2 ?\gh !re h  
exi/$ "s *>act]s :o devot$ _! :ole      
att5tion to ?is  species ( gambl+3 b s  
little enc\ragem5t (f]s = speculations  
on ! turf1 t1 ) ! exception ( a few fat 
pigeons1 x may be  said no money has be5
 made by rac+3 ! wag]s r>ely exce$ a few
  gold-mohurs4 ,e horse becom+ s        
?or\ghly kn[n to all !  sport+          
community1 little op5+ is left =        
deception or contrivance4  ,! smalle/   
indication ( collusion w\ld1 9 t qu>t]1 
prove  in/antly fatal to reputation1 &  
cause at lea/ a %yness1 if n an         
absolute e/rangem5t1 on ! "p ( society1 
t[>ds ! (f5d+  individual4 ,9 ,europe   
?is w\ld n be s mu* felt1 because a man 
may  *ange 8 qu>t]s1 &1 = a long "t1    
scre5 himself f public1  or g5]al       
disapprobation2 b1 9 ,india1 :5 an      
individual is cut at  "o /ation1 he w   
r>ely exp]i5ce common civility at any   
o!r2 8  "* g5]ally prec$+ him by _m a   

day's j\rney6    ,gambl+ 0 =m]ly "o ( ! 
mo/ prom95t vices to be se5 9           
,calcutta2 b ( late ye>s has consid]ably
 dim9i%$4 ,^? :o  recollect ! in/itution
 ( ,selby's ,club1 & :o n[ contemplate !
  v small portion ( "t dissipat$1 ev5 by
 ! y\ng] classes1 at  c>ds1 c41 by way (
 #8pr(it & loss1' _c b approve ! salut>y
  re=m introduc$ by ,m>quis ,cornwallis1
 :o1 :atev] may h be5 8  foibles1 8     
prejudices1 & 8 errors1 9 o!r matt]s1   
c]ta9ly 0  entitl$ to ! approbation ( ! 
,company1 z well z to ! gratitude  ( _! 
s]vants1 = hav+ *eck$ s effectually a   
c]ta9  lic5ti\s _s1 :i* _h1 till 8      
arrival1 be5 totally  uncontroll$1      
inde$1 unnotic$1 9 any %ape1 by 8       
pr$ecessors4    ,to expect t any        
,gov]nor %\ld be able totally to        
annihilate e  bad practice1 w\ld be to  
consid] him z ve/$ ) sup]natural  p[]s2 
b1 x is assur$ly )9 ! rea* ( e p]son    
be>+  t high (fice1 to *ace ! ab&on$    
into _! secret recesses1 &  to r5d] !m  
at lea/ timid1 if n innoc5t4 ,by remov+ 

su*  *>act]s f (fice1 & by p]sev]+ 9    
resolution n to give  employm5ts (      
emolum5t to any b ! mo/ assidu\s1 &     
correct1 (  ! ,company's s]vants1 mu*   
may be1 mu* has be51 done4 ,common s5se 
po9ts out ! impropriety ( all[+ a gambl]
 to occupy any (fice 9  :i* ei!r great  
tru/1 or p>ticul> application1 &        
vigilance1  might be requisite2 !re=e1 z
 ! g5]ality ( ! po/s held "u  ! ,company
 are ( ei!r "o or o!r ( ^? descriptions1
 or may  p]haps bl5d bo?1 x /&s to      
reason t a man ^: bra9s are ev]  ca/+ ! 
dice1 & ^: c>riage rolls ^u ! f\r aces1 
nev] c  ) safety be tru/$4    ,^? :o are
 p>tial to c>ds1 z an amusem5t1 may f9d 
abundance (  p>ties dur+ ! ev5+s1 :]e1 =
 ! mo/ "p1 tradrille &  :i/ 7! favorite 
games7 are play$ at su* l[ /akes z n to 
be  productive ( regret1 or inconv5i5ce4
 ,quadrille is b>ely kn[n 9  ,india1 nor
 are :at we t]m #8r\nd-games' mu* 9 use3
 cribbage is  play$ 9 "s families1 &1   
occasionally1 loo4 ,9 all ! above games1
  ! ,european inhabitants ( ,calcutta1 z

 well z ^? disp]s$ ov]  ! c\ntry1 are   
g5]ally pr(ici5t2 f> m s ?an we f9d     
p]sons  ( ! same description among u3 a 
l>ge portion are well acqua9t$  ) *ess1 
& back-gammon2 & _m excell5t play]s at  
fives1  billi>ds1 c41 are to be f\nd 9 e
 qu>t]4 ,cricket is n mu* 9  vogue2 be+ 
conf9$ pr9cipally to a club at          
,calcutta1 & to "s  occasional ,*ri/mas 
mat*es at ! sev]al army /ations4 ,on !  
:ole1  ?\gh f> less viol5t1 z an        
ex]cise1 ?an fives1 x is less adapt$  to
 ! climate2 ! alt]nate successions (    
ex]tion1 & (  inactivity1 r5d]+ ! play]s
 liable to sev]e colds1 & to  consequ5t 
ob/ructions4    ,music1 x might be      
?\ght1 w\ld prove a great s\rce (       
gratification  9 a c\ntry :]e ennui is s
 mu* to be dread$2 b ! climate is       
unfavorable to in/rum5ts ( e k9d1       
especially to pianos1 &  (f]s a mo/     
=midable b> to ! indulg5ce ( a musical  
e>4 ,no  p]sons c be m lib]al 9 _!      
pur*ases ( in/rum5ts1 or (  select      
music1 ?an ! ladies ( ,india2 !y (t5    

giv+ two hundr$  p\nds = a good         
gr&-piano2 b ! incessant appreh5sion (  
w>ps1  & cracks1 is a trem5d\s draw-back
 on ! int]e/ !y feel 9 !  possession (  
ev5 ! be/ ( its k9d4 ,repairs1 ( e sort1
 :e!r  ( viol9s1 pianos1 flutes1 c41 are
 exorbitantly de>1 &1 ev5 at  ,calcutta1
 n always practicable2 ei!r ow+ to      
dissipation1 ! want  ( "s ess5tial      
article1 or ! quantity ( "w 9 h&4 ,nor  
is x  easy to obta9 ! tempor>y          
accommodation ( an in/rum5t :ile "o is  
repair+1 unless at su* a rate z utt]ly  
precludes all ( mod]ate  income f avail+
 !mselves ( su* an opportunity1 :5 x may
  *ance to (f]4    ,) respect to :at is 
call$ #8prep>+ an in/rum5t = !          
climate1' mu* may c]ta9ly be done1 by   
tak+ c>e t only ! be/  season$ wood is  
employ$1 & by clamp+ ! case ) metal1 bo?
  )9 & )\t2 b all ?is has little        
connection ) ! belly1  or s\nd+-bo>d2   
:i* _c be mu* /r5g!n$ )\t  consid]ably  
det]iorat+ ! tone1 & caus+ a piano to be
 9 !  fir/ in/ance condemn$1 = want ( t 

ri*ness :i* _c be  giv5 to "o ^:        
vibrations are ob/ruct$4 ,! only *ance  
is1 to  keep a piano well cov]$ )       
blankets dur+ ! heats1 z also 9  v damp 
wea!r1 & to uncloa! x gradually1 :5 ab\t
 to be  op5$ = p]=mance4 ,by su*        
precautions1 ! in/rum5t may rema9       
tol]ably 9 tune1 & n su/a9 mu* injury f 
! v>iations (  seasons3 aft] two or ?ree
 ye>s ! dang] may be less2 b x w be     
prud5t nev] to relax 9 po9t ( prev5tion1
 le/ ! in/rum5t  %\ld sudd5ly fail4     
,) ! exception ( su* little p>ties z1 9 
a few families1  assemble dur+ !        
aft]noons to enjoy ! pleasures aris+ f !
  musical tal5ts ( "s lady1 ,calcutta   
has little to (f] 9 ?is  captivat+ bran*
 ( amusem5t4 ,if we ca/ out ( ! acc\nt  
"s  accid5tal qu>tetto p>ties1 or !     
solit>y w>bl+s ( "s  flute-play]1 c41 ! 
:ole may be deem$ a blank4 ,n[ & !n a   
subscription conc]t1 = ! b5efit ( "s    
pr(essor1 :o lives m  by means (        
eleemosyn>y b\nty1 ?an by ! enc\ragem5t 
( 8  abilities1 calls ! t[n toge!r1 n to

 li/5 to ! notes1 to !  f9e melodies1 & 
ri* h>monies ( ,haydn1 c41 b to see1 &  
to be  se51 & to talk1 & be talk$ to4 ,9
 brief1 ,india is n ! soil to  :i* a man
 ( sci5ce1 or ( ta/e1 %\ld repair1 "u ! 
hope (  be+ lib]ally repaid = 8 tr\ble &
 exp5ces2 mu* less ( be+  *]i%$ = 8     
g5ius & acquirem5ts4 ,"o or two insulat$
  exceptions are n to be adduc$ 9       
refutation ( my ass]tion3 ,i am  ready  
to ackn[l$ge1 t1 n[ & !n1 a pr(essor has
 be5 se5  pamp]+ "u all ! influ5ce (    
high & b\ndless patronage2 b  ! p]      
contra %ews a num]\s li/ ( ^? :o h l+]$ 
?r\gh all ! p5alties att5dant ^u humble 
m]it1 until ! grave  has k9dly t]m9at$  
_! ill-fat$ labors4    ,assemblies1     
balls1 r\ts1 c41 or "u :atev] "n        
dissipation1  vanity1 & luxury1 may     
arrange _! concordance1 are n v num]\s  
9 ,india4 ,! ,gov]nor-,g5]al1 & !       
,memb]s ( ,c\ncil1 occasionally         
circulate _! invitations dur+ ! cold    
mon?s2 &1 at times1 "s  spaci\s public  
rooms are engag$ = ! same purpose on    

speculation2  b ,i nev] und]/ood t x    
prov$ lucrative4    ,x 0 n until ab\t   
tw5ty ye>s back t ! ,briti% _h any      
regul> *ur* 9 ,b5gal1 & n[ !y h b "o1   
:i* 0 built  p>tly by private aid1 &    
p>tly by ! pr(its aris+--f a  lott]y666 
,! latt] 01 ,i und]/&1 v =cibly oppos$  
by "o  or two g5tlem51 :o consid]$ x z a
 v unbecom+ mode ( rais+  supplies = s  
holy a purpose4 ,:5 we reflect t a      
,portugueze  m]*ant built "o1 = ! use ( 
! ,ca?olics1 f 8 own purse2  & t1 ?\gh  
he 0 acc\nt$ a ri* man1 yet 8 prop]ty   
c\ld n  be comp>$ ) :at v>i\s           
individuals1 ( our own nation1 resid5t  
9 ,india1 c boa/2 x may be fairly quot$1
 z a s+ul> in/ance (  p>simony aga9/ our
 c\ntrym54 ,n t impiety or disrespect to
  public wor%ip c be urg$ aga9/ !       
settlem5t2 = no *ur* c be  bett] att5d$ 
?an t 9 "q3 ! lib]ality ( ! inhabitants 
0 p>tially exemplifi$ by ! in/itution ( 
a free-s*ool1 :]e a  numb] ( *ildr51 bo?
 ( ,europeans1 & ( native mo!rs1 are    
educat$ 9 a v suffici5t mann]2 a        

circum/ance ( consid]able  mom5t :]e    
education is s de>4    ,?is de>ness %\ld
 seem unreasonable1 if we only take into
 acc\nt !  prices ( provisions1 :i* are 
v l[2 b we mu/ c>ry 9 m9d !  enorm\s    
rates ( h\se-r5t2 & t1 :atev] may be !  
pr(ession  9 :i* p]sons proce$+ to      
,india engage1 ! return to ,europe ) a  
com=table indep5d5ce is ! ma9           
consid]ation4 ,suppos+ t5  ?\s& p\nds to
 be ga9$ 9 tw5ty ye>s1 by att5tion to 8 
pupils1 x _c be d5i$1 t a p$agogue is   
b>ely rew>d$ = s  great a duration (    
slav]y 9 su* a climate1 & at su* a      
di/ance  f all 8 fri5ds & connections4  
,:atev] may be ! m]its ( !  tea*]s1 no?+
 c\ld reconcile me to br++ up a *ild 9  
,india4  ,all s educat$1 are r5d]$ unfit
 = ! society ( g5tlem5 :o  h be5 br\ght 
up 9 ,europe2 !y "k no?+ ( ! _w1 b1     
:ile imitat+ ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ^? !y  
t]m _!  c\ntrym51 ex]cise all t craft   
:i* s peculi>ly *>act]izes  ! native    
y\?s4 ,9 a moral po9t ( view1 ! det5tion
 ( a *ild1  p>ticul>ly a female1 9      

,india1 is highly culpable2 & :5 treat$ 
(  z a matt] ( economy1 w1 9 ! end1 be  
f\nd equally  objectionable4 ,t !       
disadvantage "u :i* p>5ts labor1 9  s5d+
 _! *ildr5 to ,europe1 is consid]able1  
mu/ be fully  admitt$2 &1 x mu/ also be 
ackn[l$g$1 t _m may be able to  sp>e a  
c]ta9 mon?ly1 or annual1 sum t[>ds      
education1 :i* c\ld  n be furni%$ at    
once4 ,su* p>5ts are to be piti$2       
because !y  c r>ely h a *ild cr$itably  
s*ool$ at ,calcutta = less ?an  fifty   
rupees 7#ge47 p] m5sem1 all *>ges       
includ$2 :]eas1 = ab\t  half t sum1 say 
= #dj41 a mu* bett] education c\ld be   
giv5 at  excell5t s*ools 9 v>i\s p>ts ( 
,brita94 ,if we suppose #aej4 to be     
exp5d$ 9 transmitt+ a *ild to ,europe1 &
 t ! sum ( #ce4 be  annually sav$ aft]  
arrival "h1 ! diff]5ce1 bo? pr9cipal &  
int]e/1 w\ld be cle>$ (f 9 ab\t five    
ye>s2 :ile _m important  advantages w\ld
 be ga9$1 & a ?\s& v obnoxi\s habits    
avoid$4 ,! encrease ( population has be5
 foll[$ by an augm5tation  9 ! numb] (  

s*ools2 b1 if ,i judge correctly1 !     
latt] has be5  r beyond :at ! =m] %\ld  
appe> to au?orize4 ,! fir/  s*ool t 0   
set up 9 ! vic9ity ( ,calcutta1 />t$    
ab\t !  ye> #aghj1 "u ! *>ge ( a ,mrs4  
,hodges1 :o succe$$ beyond !            
expectations ( h] mo/ sangu9e patrons2  
&1 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t  tw5ty ye>s1 realiz$
 a v h&some =tune1 ) great cr$it to     
h]self2 &1 if m>ry+ (f at an e>ly age be
 desirable1 ) great  advantage to num]\s
 "y ladies2 :o1 9 succession1 entrapp$ !
  he>ts ( sundry gay ,lo?>ios1 by :om h]
 danc+-room 0 mu*  frequ5t$4 ,x w\ld be 
cruel1 & unju/1 9 ! extreme1 to ass]t  t
 "y wom5 br\ght up at su* a sem9>y1 71 9
 e respect1  inf]ior3 x mu/ be admitt$1 
t !y may dance1 play ! piano1 "w  at _! 
ne$le1 read1 write1 & ca/ acc\nts1 &    
p]haps speak  ,fr5*3 all ^! may be done 
to admiration2 b1 alas6 ^! are1  prop]ly
 speak+1 m]ely me*anical1 &1 ?\gh !y may
 please =  a:ile1 nev] c give t ze/     
dep5d+ solely on ! enl>gem5t (  ! m9d1 &
 on "s k ( ! _w4 ,s true is ?is1 t n  "o

 9 fifty ( ! girls ?us br\ght up c hold 
conv]sation 9 any  way pleas+ or        
int]e/+2 &1 :i* is worse1 ! o!r =ty-n9e 
are v apt to be *ildi%1 va91 imp]i\s1   
crafty1 vulg>1  &--wanton6 ,b !y are1   
g5]ally1 well =m$1 pretty1 active1 gay1 
& ins9uat+2 !re=e we mu/ n wond] at !   
mat*es we see take  place1 nor at !     
pov]ty !y g5]ally entail ^u _! husb&s1  
by  a c]ta9 prolific prop5sity :i* may  
be said to *>act]ize !  :ole bre$4    ,!
 sev]al s*ools 9 & ab\t ,calcutta1 may  
be consid]$ on ne>ly  ! same foot+ z 9  
,europe2 "s de>1 o!rs m reasonable2 "s  
good1 o!rs highly exceptionable4 ,mo/ ( 
!m are well situat$1 s  f> z relates to 
conv5i5ce & salubrity2 b x appe>s to me1
 t  m ?an "o ( ! sem9>ies = "y ladies   
are subject to ov]look  objects by no   
means suit$ to female delicacy1 &1 9 a  
great measure1  d]ogatory to ! judgm5t (
 ^? :o select$ su* sites = _!           
e/abli%m5ts4 ,^? academies :i* are ab\t 
two or ?ree miles out  ( t[n1 are       
c]ta9ly pref]able 9 ! above respect2    

:ile1 at !  same "t1 !y are n beyond !  
common di/ance to :i* be>]s are  9 !    
habit ( convey+ _! employ]s on visits   
dur+ ! =5oon4    ,9 a =m] "p1 ,i        
cursorily made m5tion ( ! old =t1 9 :i* 
/ood ! ,black-,hole1 s fam\s 9 hi/ory4  
,?is =tress is n[  conv]t$ into         
public-(fices & w>eh\ses1 = bo? :i*     
purposes x  is admirably adapt$1 f !    
c5trical situation x occupies1 & f  !   
great solidity ( ! walls1 c4 ,! def5ces 
are extremely simple1  & might answ]    
well en\gh = ! times 9 :i* !y 7         
con/ruct$1 z well z = ! pr[ess ( !      
troops by :i* !y 7  likely to be        
attack$3 be+ on ! bank ( ! riv] ,hoogly1
 a retreat  by wat] might easily be     
effect$ "u ! cov] ( %ipp+2 &1 by  ! same
 means1 supplies c\ld g5]ally be af=d$4 
,accord+ to !  pres5t sy/em ( w>f>e1 & !
 probability ( be+ attack$ by an        
,european army1 x w\ld be unsafe to     
place ! smalle/ reliance on !  old =t1  
fur!r ?an z an imm$iate asylum 9 ! ev5t 
(  insurrection2 9 :i* case1 _m h\ses t 

n[ comm& ! works mu/  be de/roy$3 ?is1  
ow+ to ! want ( cannon on ! ramp>ts1    
w\ld  n be an easy op]ation4 ,! t[n is  
protect$ *iefly by ,=t-,william1  a m   
mod]n "w1 capable ( conta9+ at lea/     
fifte5 ?\s& m52  ! def5ces1 inde$1      
require ne> t5 ?\s& to man !m prop]ly4  
,! g>rison ord9>ily consi/s ( two or    
?ree regim5ts ( ,europeans1  a battalion
 ( artill]y1 ) a v l>ge e/abli%m5t (    
artific]s1  c41 atta*$ to ! ars5al1 :]e 
/ores ( e description are  lodg$ 9      
bomb-pro(s4 ,provisions1 equal to six   
mon?s' consumption1 are  always kept 9 !
 =t4 ,! native corps1 int5d$ to aid 9 ! 
def5ce1 & ( :i* ! am\nt may be f f\r to 
five ?\s&1 are  canton$ at ,b>rackpore1 
a /ation ab\t sixte5 miles f ,calcutta1 
on  ! banks ( ! riv]1 & exactly fac+ !  
,dani% t[n ( ,s]ampore4  ,( ^! troops1  
ab\t twelve hundr$ con/antly d duty 9 ! 
=t2  be+ reliev$ mon?ly 9 regul>        
rotation4 ,=t-,william is ! gr&  dept ( 
,b5gal1 & may be consid]$ z ! key to t  
"p ( !  ,company's possessions1 if n to 

! :ole2 = x does n appe>  probable t any
 effectual resi/ance c\ld be made1 if t 
=tress  7 to fall into ! h&s ( ! enemy4 
,su* a loss w\ld infallibly  de/roy !   
op9ion n[ held ( our pr[ess1 &          
precipitate u f !  p9nacle ( p[]1 into  
an awful abyss ( ru96    ,z ,mr4 ,ha/+s 
v prop]ly /at$1 #8our p[] 9 ! ,ea/      
dep5ds  entirely on op9ion4' ,:5 we     
consid] ! imm5se population ov]  :i* we 
hold control1 ) comp>atively an         
insignificant =ce1 &1  t t =ce is       
compos$ *iefly ( natives1 x mu/         
imm$iately  occur to u h[ necess>y x is 
to satisfy our ,asiatic subjects t our  
sway is mild1 & t1 9 submitt+ to u1 !y  
rescue !mselves f  tyranny & extortion4 
,!re may arise local circum/ances :]e9 !
 possession ( a /rong  hold w\ld be     
invaluable2 & rescue u f ! mo/ imm95t   
dang]s4  ,( ?is1 our affair ) ,*eyt ,s+ 
is a mo/ obvi\s & und5iable  pro(3 _h n 
! =tress ( ,*im>1 a place r ( reput$1   
?an  ( real1 /r5g?1 be5 at h&1 our =ce 9
 t "p mu/ h be5  annihilat$2 :5 !       

insurrection w\ld infallibly h spread 9 
e  direction4    ,)\t ent]+ into        
p>ticul>s1 ,i %all give a brief /atem5t 
( !  ,company's =ces at _! sev]al       
presid5cies2 obs]v+1 t !  numb] ( _!    
,european regim5ts has be5 consid]ably  
dim9i%$1  am\nt+1 ne>ly1 to a total     
r$uction1 = ! purpose ( mak+ way  = !   
introduction ( k+'s troops4 ,) respect  
to ! ,european  /r5g?1 !re=e1 x mu/ be  
und]/ood t no fix$ e/abli%m5t  exi/s3 b 
! av]age am\nt ( t bran*1 indep5d5t ( ! 
,company's battalions ( artill]y &      
infantry1 may be tak5 at ab\t  sixte5 or
 eighte5 ?\s& firelocks1 includ+ !      
cavalry4                                
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
------          ,presid5cies4,cavalry1  
,native1 ,regim5ts4                     
----------------------------------------
------------                            
,infantry1 ,native1 ,regim5ts4          
----------------------------------------
----                                    

,artill]y1 ,battalions1 ,european4      
------------------------------------    
,infantry1 ,battalion1 ,european4       
----------------------------            
,m>9e1 ,battalions1 ,native4            
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
------          ,b5gal        #h #bg  #c
  #a  #j          ,madras        #h #be 
#b  #a  #j          ,bombay        #j   
#i  #a  #a  #a                          
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
------    ,at ea* presid5cy1 ! native   
regim5ts are =m$ into two battalions1  )
 ! same /r5g? ( ,european commission$   
(fic]s z are allott$  to "o regim5t (   
,europeans4 ,a colonel comm&s ea*       
regim5t1 &  e battalion has atta*$ to x 
"o lieut5ant-colonel1 & "o  major1      
toge!r ) a proportion ( ! capta9s &     
subalt]n  (fic]s4 ,two s]jeants are     
all[$ to ea* battalion1 viz4 "o act+  z 
s]jeant-major1 ! o!r "u ! qu>t]ma/]4 ,! 
companies are  comm&$ by ,european      

(fic]s1 "u :om1 "o s\bad>1 "o  jemmad>1 
five havild>s1 five naicks1 & n9ety     
privates1  7sepoys17 are enroll$4 ,!    
s\bad>s & jemmad>s h  commissions1 & are
 compet5t to sit on regim5tal1 or l9e1  
c\rts-m>tial = ! trial ( natives1 :e!r 9
 ! milit>y  s]vice1 or camp foll[]s4 ,! 
havild>s correspond 9 rank &  duties )  
our s]jeants1 & ! naicks1 ) our         
corporals4 ,ea*  battalion has two      
gr5adi]1 & eight battalion companies3 no
 recruit  is tak5 ^: age exce$s         
tw5ty-five1 or ^: /ature does n rea*  to
 five feet six in*es & a half1 or1 m    
g5]ally1 to five feet  sev5 in*es2      
unless on em]g5cy1 or :5 obvi\s         
juv5ility w>rants  ! acceptance ( an    
"u-siz$ c&idate2 :o1 g5]ally1 be+ well  
f$1 & taught to /& erect1 9 ! c\rse (   
drill+ ov]-tops !  /&>d ( admission4    
,ref]5ce to ! table ( pay & all[ances 9 
! ,directory1 w  prove useful to ^? :o  
may proce$ to ,india1 & may s]ve to     
guide  ^? :o are n acqua9t$ ) !         
p>ticul>s ( income 9 t  qu>t]4 ,! usual 

ex*ange is two %ill+s & sixp5ce p] sicca
  rupee1 ab\t five p] c5t4 bett] ?an !  
sonaut rupee1 :i* is !  /&>d ( milit>y  
paym5ts4 ,9 view+ ! sum-total ( an      
(fic]'s  pay1 :5 r$uc$ to ,engli%       
curr5cy1 :i* may be done ) tol]able     
correctness at ! above rate ( eight     
rupees to ! p\nd /]l+1  v consid]able   
all[ance mu/ be made = ! inevitable     
exp5ces1  c41 incid5t1 n only to milit>y
 m51 b to all resid+ 9 ,india4  ,?is    
consid]ation w am\nt to a v pla91 &     
correct1 conclusion1  viz4 t ?\gh a     
subalt]n (fic] may live on 8 pay1       
provid$ 8  out-set be duly all[$ =1 yet1
 t he mu/ h m ?an ord9>y  luck1 or      
possess a b5t t[>ds p>simony by no means
 to be envi$1 &  r>ely atta9+ its       
object1 to enable 8 sav+ a few p\nds )9 
! ye>4    ,?is is necess>y to be well   
und]/ood1 &1 :5 und]/ood1 ought to  be  
ev] c>ri$ 9 m9d by ^? :o expect a "y man
 on 8 arrival1  z a cadet1 9 ,india1 to 
support himself )\t adv5titi\s aids4 ,t 
he may d s1 by arrang+ a prop] plan )   

o!rs ( 8 class1  _c be d5i$2 b to effect
 ?is1 n only all luxuries1 b1 :at  9    
,india are consid]$ ! necess>ies ( life1
 mu/ be rel9qui%$4  ,on receiv+ a       
commission1 8 all[ances1 ( c\rse1 are   
consid]ably  augm5t$1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 8 
exp5ces w be r great]2  & ?is           
unavoidably1 & exclusive ( 8 equipm5t to
 jo9 8 corps4    ,!re=e1 let no         
unreasonable expectations be ent]ta9$1  
m]ely f  obs]v+ ! gross sum ( annual    
receipts2 let n ! p>5t1 :o c  sp>e a    
mod]ate sum t[>ds 8 son's com=t1 d5y x =
 ! few  fir/ ye>s aft] ! latt] may      
arrive 9 ,india4 ,! be/ mode (  effect+ 
?is1 9 a prop] mann]1 is ?r\gh "s       
respectable  ag5cy-h\se1 :i* %\ld h !   
p[] to af=d seasonable aids1  "u !      
injunction n to enc\rage1 nor to        
tol]ate1 extravagance4  ,^? sangu9e     
ideas too (t5 ent]ta9$ by p]sons n 9    
afflu5t  circum/ances1 t _! sons1       
bro!rs1 c41 %\ld remit to !m1  ye>ly1 a 
portion ( _! pay1 ought to be           
p]emptorily suppress$2 !  illusion %\ld 

be done away2 o!rwise1 inconv5i5ce at   
lea/1 if n  ru91 may be entail$6    ,to 
%ew h[ folks1 on ?is side ! wat]1       
sometimes err1 ,i %all relate  an       
anecdote :i* may prove s]viceable to _m2
 ! circum/ance  happ5$1 )9 my own k1 to 
a bro!r subalt]n ) :om ,i  0 v intimate4
 ,he _h1 f ! day ( 8 admission to !     
s]vice1  =m$ ! resolution ( amass+ a    
c]ta9 sum1 :i* %\ld be devot$  to !     
com=t ( ?ree si/]s he _h left 9 ,scotl&1
 & :o1 he  knew1 w\ld n1 9 ! mean:ile1  
be de/itute ( support4 ,at ! end  ( ab\t
 8 t5? ye> ( s]vice1 8 favorite object 0
 effect$1  & he remitt$ to !m no less   
?an twelve hundr$ p\nds1 i4e4 f\r       
hundr$s to ea*1 ) a lett]1 express+ 8   
satisfaction at be+  enabl$ to provide  
!m ! means ( improv+ _! diet1 c42 clos+ 
8 bro!rly epi/le ) ! assurance1 t1 9 s  
do+1 he _h  surr5d]$ 8 all2 & t1 z x 0 8
 int5tion !nce=w>d to  lay by e sp>e    
rupee = ! purpose ( retir+ f ! s]vice1  
!y 7 to expect no fur!r aid until 8     
demise4 ,! good s\ls 7  a/oni%$ at !    

receipt ( s h&some a pres5t1 :i* !y nev]
 _h  expect$2 !y put _! heads toge!r1 &1
 aft] _m a pleas+  confab41 9 :i*       
expectation1 r ?an gratitude1 d\btless 0
  express$1 made up _! m9ds to ! full   
conviction t _! bro!r  0 z ri* z a ,jew1
 & t !re 0 no occasion = economy 9      
future4 ,!y made _! good =tune kn[n1 bo?
 by words1 & by !  encrease ( _!        
e/abli%m5t1 c41 c42 &1 = a ye> or m1    
made  a v gay appe>ance on ! /r5g? ( _! 
bro!r's money2 b1 z  t 0 r #8( a        
p]i%able nature1' & because1 z poor     
,ri*>d  says1 #8go+ (t5 to ! meal-tub1 b
 nev] putt+ 91 w soon f9d  ! bottom1'   
bills1 & dem&s ( v>i\s k9ds1 began to   
accumulate1  & ! ladies 7 r$uc$ to      
consid]able di/ress4 ,9 ?is awkw>d      
pr$icam5t1 application 0 made to ! ag5t 
?r\gh :om ! paym5t  _h be5 paid 9       
,london2 b he knew no?+ :atev] ( _!     
bro!r's  conc]ns1 nor c\ld he v5ture to 
make !m any advance ^u ! bills  (       
ex*ange !y propos$ to give him4 ,r$uc$  
to ! la/ extremity by  _! own imprud5ce1

 !y wrote him a mo/ extraord9>y lett]1  
:i*  0 submitt$ to my p]usal1 :]e91     
among o!r matt]s1 !y  reproa*$ him z    
hav+ occasion$ _! di/ress #8by n hav+   
be5  punctual 9 ! ,,annual ,,remittance 
he _h l$ !m to expect6' ,!  =ego+ fact1 
,i am ?or\ghly satisfi$ c\ld be mat*$1  
if _m  family occurr5ces1 ( :i* ! public
 d n he>1 7 expos$ to  view4 ,! numb] ( 
que/ions ,i h be5 oblig$ to answ]1 & !  
evid5t disappo9tm5ts t h result$ f my   
c&id exposition (  ! subjects 9 "q1     
leave n a d\bt 9 my m9d1 t ! mo/        
prepo/]\s expectations are (t5 7z 9 !   
above in/ance7 =m$  ^u v slight gr\nds1 
or ev5 )\t ! smalle/ f\ndation4         
,accord+ to ! regulations1 e man 9 !    
s]vice ought to be paid  mon?ly2 b ?is  
is n always done1 ev5 9 times ( peace1  
on acc\nt  ( ! collections1 i4e4 !      
rev5ues1 be+ receiv$ only at  p>ticul>  
p]iods3 if no?+ p>ticul> %\ld occur to  
occasion !  monies be+ o!rwise          
appropriat$1 ! deputy pay-ma/]s at !    
sev]al /ations receive notice1 t ! am\nt

 ( pay1 due to !  troops atta*$ !reto1  
may be receiv$2 o!rwise1 x sometimes    
happ5s t two1 ?ree1 or m mon?s1 elapse  
)\t any su* notice  be+ giv54 ,x is     
inconceivable to :at inconv5i5ce su*    
delays give  bir?6 ,no regim5tal        
pay-ma/]1 no regim5tal ag5t1 no c]ta9   
means  ( obta9+ a supply ( ca%1 9 g5]al1
 exi/4 ,consequ5tly1 rec\rse  mu/ be _h 
to ! native money-l5d]s1 ( :om ,i h     
already made  honorable m5tion4 ,:5 a   
notice arrives at ! deputy pay-ma/]'s   
(fice1 application is made by him = an  
escort1 g5]ally ( a company  ( sepoys1  
"u ! comm& ( an ,european (fic]1 :i*    
proce$s to  t civil /ation :5ce !       
supplies are to be d]iv$4 ,sometimes1   
h[ev]1 ! escort is deta9$ = _m days1 or 
ev5 = weeks2 ?is  is usually ow+ to     
sudd5 calls = remittances hav+ be5      
receiv$1  :51 ( c\rse1 ! escort _h bett]
 wait = fre% receipts ?an  return empty 
h&$4    ,paym5ts are made 9 specie1     
g5]ally 9 silv]2 ! sicca rupees (       
,luckn[1 ,b5>es1 ,patna1 c41 be+ held z 

sonauts1 9 :i* ! pay  ( ! :ole army is  
calculat$4 ,:5 mu* gold is receiv$ at a 
/ation1 b especially at ! ,presid5cy1 t 
co9 is in/antly  depreciat$1 to ! great 
loss ( e milit>y man4 ,9 "s in/ances1   
paym5ts are made to troops by means (   
bills ( ex*ange1 payable at  %ort dates3
 ?is answ]s v well = small sums1 9      
situations n  au?oriz+ ! deta*m5t ( a   
p>ty to escort f a consid]able  di/ance1
 provid$ ! p>ty on :om ! bill is giv5 be
 a responsible  man1 :i* is v g5]ally ! 
case2 =1 ?\gh we d sometimes he>  ( a   
%r(f 7i4e4 native bank]7 /opp+ paym5t1 v
 little  appreh5sion ne$ be ent]ta9$ z  
to ! punctuality ( ^? on :om            
respectable firms draw1 z !y usually d1 
at fifty-"o days4    ,?is is done ) !   
view to induce ! p>ty :o is to receive !
  money1 to disc\nt ) him :o is to pay  
x2 ?us d]iv+ to !  draw] ( ! bill a     
d\ble pr(it4 ,x happ5s sometimes1 z ,i  
once  exp]i5c$1 t "s little pret5d$     
in=mality is n discov]$  until ! bill   
becomes due1 :5 x is g5]ally return$ to 

be  rectifi$3 by ?is device1 an         
additional pr(it is exact$4 ,i d n      
apply ^! cases to all ! %r(fs1 b notice 
!m z be+  occasionally )9 ! sph]e ( an  
,european's disappo9tm5ts1 & to  caution
 aga9/ a too ha/y acceptance ( bills f  
any %r(f n  e/abli%$ 9 "*1 z well z 9   
prop]ty4    ,) respect to ! recov]y (   
sums advanc$ on bills ( ex*ange1        
extreme difficulty v g5]ally prevails4  
,! bankrupt laws ( ,brita9  d n ext5d to
 h] colonies1 &1 if !y did1 x c\ld be to
 !  sev]al presid5cies only2 beyond _!  
imm$iate sites1 ! sev]al  c\rts (       
judicature h no imm$iate au?ority ov]   
any b ,briti%  subjects4 ,ab\t ?irty    
ye>s back1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt at ,calcutta
 made an  attempt to ext5d its p[]s into
 ! int]ior1 & to take cognizance  (     
civil matt]s betwe5 ! native            
inhabitants1 b !y 7  p]sonally oppos$1 &
 su* s]i\s consequ5ces 7 appreh5d$1 t  !
 ent]prize 0 rel9qui%$1 & ! judges      
compell$ to conf9e  _! op]ations to !   
lett] ( t act by :i* !y _h be5 s5t  to  

,india4    ,until )9 ! la/ t5 ye>s1 !   
troops 9 ! upp]  prov9ces receiv$ an    
addition to _! pay1 "u ! "n (           
#8d\ble-full-batta1' orig9ally giv5 by !
 ,nabob ,vizi] ( ,oude to !  (fic]s s]v+
 )9 8 dom9ions1 & by ! ,company to all  
:o  s]v$ beyond _! own imm$iate         
possessions3 ?is has1 h[ev]1 be5        
abrogat$1 & full-batta is n[ ! highe/   
pay giv5 on any occasion4  ,:5 ! above  
all[ance1 i4e4 d\ble-full-batta1 0 9    
=ce1 !  upp] prov9ces 7 consid]$        
pref]able 9 po9t ( emolum5t2 b1  on     
acc\nt ( ! great prices ( liquors1 & (  
all articles1  except+ imm$iate table   
provision1 9 dem& among ,european       
g5tlem51  v little advantage 0 ga9$ f ! 
receipt ( great] pay2 except  by ^? :o  
proce$$ ^u a plan ( det]m9$ economy1 &  
retir$  f ! great circle ( society = !  
express purpose ( liv+  )9 c]ta9 b\nds1 
:atev] privations !y might endure4 ,su* 
p]sons necess>ily acquir$ prop]ty 9     
proportion to _! receipts2  an object ( 
great importance :]e ! legal int]e/ is  

twelve p]  c5t41 & :]e abundance (      
gov]nm5t securities at t5 p] c5t4  h be5
 g5]ally = sale at p>1 or ne>ly s1 9 !  
money m>ket4  ,"u su* favorable         
circum/ances1 ! fir/ sav+ 0 invaluable2 
x  0 sure to accumulate1 & commonly 0   
d\bl$ 9 ab\t sev5 ye>s4  ,s9ce !        
abolition ( #8d\ble-full-batta1' !      
,presid5cy is consid]$  ! be/ /ation1 s 
_m opportunities (f]+ ( mak+ *eap       
pur*ases at ! sev]al daily auctions 9   
,calcutta1 only sixte5 miles  f !       
cantonm5ts at ,b>rackpore4 ,9 a gig1 !  
di/ance may be  easily ran 9 two h\rs1 !
 road be+ rem>kably good2 9 a  palanqu91
 ! j\rney may occupy ab\t f\r h\rs1 if a
 relay (  be>]s be po/$ at ! half-way   
bungal[4 ,dur+ ! ra9s1 &  especially :5 
! tide s]ves1 a well-mann$ pulw>1 or a  
paun*way1 or d+y1 7small boats calculat$
 = exp$ition17 may  proce$ f ,b>rackpore
 to ,calcutta 9 little m ?an an h\r2 !  
return is r>ely v quick1 except dur+    
spr+-tides 9 !  dry-season1 be=e ! riv] 
rises4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to />t ) !  fir/

 ( ! tide1 b n be=e ! baun1 or bore1 has
 pa/4    ,^? :o h se5 ! bore 9 ! ,m$way1
 & 9 ! ,sev]n1 w at  once compreh5d !   
dang]s att5dant ^u t impetu\s ru% ( !   
wat]s1 :i*1 9 ! ,hoogly1 beg9s ne>      
,fultah1 ab\t =ty miles  bel[ ,calcutta1
 & may be felt ev5 s high z ,nia-s]ai1  
full  ?irty-five miles above ! capital4 
,9 a "w entitl$ #8,! ,ori5tal  ,voyag]1'
 by ,j4 ,johnson1 ,esq41 ,surgeon 9 !   
,royal ,navy1 at page #hj1 is  ! foll[+ 
passage4 ,speak+ ( ! ,ganges1 he says1  
#8,! tides 9  ?is riv]1 p>ticul>ly at   
full & *ange1 are rapid beyond belief1  
=m+ :at are call$ bo>s1 or bores1 :5 !  
/ream seems  tumbl+ d[n a /eep desc5t1  
do+ great mis*ief among ! boats1 by     
upsett+ & runn+ !m ov] ea* o!r3 %ips    
!mselves are  frequ5tly dragg$ f _!     
an*ors1 & da%$ furi\sly aga9/ ea*  o!r1 
at ^! p]iods4 ,!y attempt to acc\nt = ^!
 torr5ts1 by  say+ !y dep5d on ! o!r    
small riv]s1 t op5 into ! ma9  "o by    
b>s2 :i*1 at a c]ta9 "t ( ! tide1 all[ !
 wat]s to  ru% out1 all at once1 into ! 

great /ream1 & !reby s mu*  encrease its
 velocity6'    ,:]e ,mr4 ,johnson got 8 
in=mation ab\t ^! b>s1 ,i "k n2 nor     
w\ld x be possible1 9 my humble op9ion1 
= any man to h  disguis$1 or confus$1 ! 
fact m completely ?an is done 9 !  above
 p>agraph3 a circum/ance :i* creates    
surprize1 :5 we  consid]1 t ! volume 9  
"q conta9s _m rem>ks1 induc+ u  to      
expect ! abs5ce ( s unphilosophical a   
description1 & s  errone\s a conception4
 ,! matt] lies 9 a nut%ell1 z ,mr4      
,johnson  ought to h kn[n3 viz4 ,^?     
riv]s ^: m\?s are mu* exp&$1  & t1 aft] 
a c\rse ( sev]al miles1 dur+ :i* _!     
banks are  ne>ly p>allel1 sudd5ly       
contract1 are subject to bores2 t is1 to
  an imm5se wave :i* heads ! flood tide4
 ,?is bore1 :i* is  describ$ ) ju/ice z 
be+ v p[]ful1 arises f !  contraction ( 
! *annel2 :i*1 :ile x directs ! great   
volume (  wat] into a n>r[$ space1      
necess>ily compels x to assume a great] 
height4 ,! successive fl[ drives on !   
lead+ wave1 :i* gradually  subsides z x 

becomes m di/ant f ! propell+ p[]4 ,b ! 
bore r>ely1 if ev]1 occupies ! :ole     
bread? ( ! /ream2 x  ord9>ily runs ^u "o
 side1 until x comes to a b5d1 :5 x     
crosses  ov]1 & cont9ues its action     
until ano!r turn ( ! riv] causes x  to  
cross aga92 & ?us until its =ce is      
exp5d$4 ,! bore does  n run "u          
,calcutta1 b along ! opposite bank2 x   
crosses at  ,*itpore1 ab\t f\r miles    
above ! =t1 & ranges ) great  viol5ce   
pa/ ,b>nagore1 ,duck5sore1 c4 ,less]    
riv]s1 ^: m\?s lie  embay$2 z is ! case 
) ! ,m$way1 :i* bran*es f ! ,?ames1  & !
 ,wye1 t falls into ! ,sev]n1 are       
subject to bores1 9  consequ5ce ( ! tide
 tak+ su* a c\rse z ?r[s ! great body ( 
wat] into !m4 ,9 su* small /reams1 !    
bore w g5]ally be  trem5d\s2 because s  
great an expanse is sudd5ly ?r[n into s 
n>r[ a *annel3 h5ce1 ! bridge at ,*ep/[ 
is necess>ily rais$ to  s great a       
height1 & by float+ made to yield to !  
tide's =ce4    ,i mu* fe> ,mr4 ,johnson 
0 n v successful 9 8 enquiries1 nor  ov]

 fa/idi\s 9 8 acceptance ( vulg> errors2
 =1 ,i obs]ve1 t  at page #aac1 he has  
all[$ himself to be egregi\sly dup$     
reg>d+  ,mannacolly ,po9t2 s call$1 f ! 
village ( ,mannacolly1 :i*  =m]ly /ood  
!re4 ,mr4 ,johnson tells u a long /ory  
ab\t a lady  proce$+ to ,india1 & f9d+  
h] husb& a corpse at t place3  :5ce1    
#8,melan*oly ,po9t4'666 ,i am well aw>e1
 t ! same fable  has be5 retail$ to _m  
o!rs1 :o gap$ = in=mation2 b t is  no   
apology = its be+ upheld z matt] ( fact3
 _h any respectable  au?ority be5       
consult$ on ! occasion1 be=e ! volume 0 
committ$ to press1 s palpable a         
traditional error w\ld n h be5  (f]$ to 
t public1 among :om s _m are equal to   
its refutation4    ,:at ,mr4 ,johnson   
/ates respect+ ! injuries done to %ips  
by !  bore1 is at times v]ifi$1 b !y are
 r>ely wor?y ( notice3 if a  vessel be  
prop]ly secur$1 ! bore w h little effect
 on h]  safety1 ?\gh ! swell may cause  
h] to pit* r deep = a :ile4  ,dur+ !    
ra9y season !re is no bore2 :i* is to be

 acc\nt$ =  by ! tide be+ s weak5$ at   
its entrance into ! n>r[s ne>  ,fultah1 
z n to be compet5t to =m su* a wave z   
prec$es x at  o!r seasons2 b1 9 ex*ange 
= ?is1 a viol5t eddy1 & great  agitation
 ( ! wat]s1 takes place betwe5          
,diamond-,h>b\r & t  place4 ,x has be5  
sev]al times my lot1 :5 proce$+ ) ! la/ 
( ! tide f ,b>rackpore to ,calcutta1 to 
meet ! bore1 g5]ally  ne> ,*itpore2 b1 z
 its approa* 0 indicat$ by ! putt+ (f ( 
all ! small craft f t %ore1 along :i* x 
inv>iably pursu$  its c\rse1 & to rema9 
ne> :i* w\ld be dang]\s1 my boat-m5     
always foll[$ ! example1 & kept along ! 
c5tre2 :]e1 ?\gh we  7 toss$ ab\t       
fam\sly1 no dang] exi/$4 ,once1 inde$1 9
 turn+  ,sulky ,po9t1 9 a sail+ boat1 ,i
 0 oblig$ to da% ?r\gh !  bore1 :i* ,i  
did n suppose to be s ne>1 not)/&+ !    
d+ies1 c41 7 putt+ out4 ,! surf assur$ly
 appe>$ awful1 b  we m\nt$ ov] x1 /em   
on1 )\t difficulty1 & spe$ily recov]$  f
 a c]ta9 pallid complexion :i* _h       
ins5sibly crept ov] our  c\nt5ances1 z  

we approa*$ ! ro>+ wat]s4 ,f :at has be5
  said1 x mu/ be evid5t t ! bore travels
 at ! same rate z !  incipi5t spr+-tide1
 ! velocity ( :i* is diff]5t 9 v>i\s    
p>ts1 b may be tak5 at an av]age ( full 
tw5ty miles )9 !  h\r4 ,not)/&+ ?is     
rapidity1 vessels1 su* z budjr[s1 &  o!r
 craft1 int5d$ = pleasure1 or = bur!n1  
ord9>ily ride safe  at an*or2 su/a9+ no 
injury f ! bore1 ?\gh !y may p]haps     
drag _! an*ors a few y>ds4 ,b1 to insure
 ?is security1 c>e mu/  be tak5 t !     
broadside %\ld n be expos$2 else !re w  
be  great dang] ( ov]-sett+3 ?is dang]  
is n unfrequ5t1 ow+ to  ! manjies &     
d&ies 7boatm57 neglect+1 especially dur+
 !  night1 to sw+ ! /]n r\nd1 ei!r by   
means ( a spr+1 or a small  haws]1 or by
 luggies 7bamboo-poles72 s t ! vessel's 
head may  meet ! bore 9 its direct      
c\rse4    ,^? :o are anxi\s to make !   
be/ ( _! way1 %\ld n delay  putt+ (f    
until ! tide may h fairly set 91 b ought
 to be out  9 ! /ream j z ! bore is     
rang+ along ! bank1 s t !y  may receive 

! fir/ impulse1 :i* is prodigi\sly      
=cible1 &  endeavor1 by ! ex]tions ( _! 
boatm51 to keep up1 z mu* z may  be     
practicable1 ) ! lead+ wat]s4 ,x is     
wond]ful h[ great a  diff]5ce ?is       
sometimes makes 9 ! />t f ,calcutta6    
,sometimes a  budjr[ may1 by ?is        
precaution1 rea* beyond ,b&el1 & ne>ly  
to  ! ultimatum ( ! tide's way1 aft]    
:i*1 ! curr5t is inv>iably  9           
opposition1 at v>i\s rates1 accord+ to !
 season ( ! ye>4  ,dur+ ! dry season1   
:i* includes f ! end ( ,octob] to !     
middle ( ,june1 ?\gh sometimes ! ra9s   
are ( great] duration1 or  set 9 e>li]1 
! ,hoogly riv] is ne>ly 9 a /ate ( re/  
above  ,nia-s]ai2 b1 dur+ ! ra9s1 &     
especially ab\t ,augu/ &  ,septemb]1 n  
only ! b$s ( ! riv]s1 b ! c\ntry ar\nd1 
pres5t a =midable body ( wat]4 ,)9 !    
banks1 ! curr5t may  av]age f f\r to    
eight miles an h\r1 accord+ to          
localities1 b  :at is call$ #8!         
inundation1' r>ely exce$s half a mile2  
&1 ,i  believe1 nev] moves at a full    

mile )9 t "t4    ,9 ?is1 due all[ance   
mu/ be made :e!r ! wat]s are ris+1 or   
fall+3 9 ! =m] in/ance1 !y w become     
ne>ly /ation>y  until !y may ov]fl[ :]e 
ne>e/ ! sea1 & ?us obta9 a v5t2  9 !    
latt] case1 su* p>ts z may be ne> to    
great riv]s1 !n  subsid+ )9 _! banks1   
mu/ be greatly accel]at$4    ,z ! p>*$  
soil ( ,egypt is refre%$ by ! ov]fl[+ ( 
!  ,nile1 s d ! wat]s ( ! ,ganges1 by _!
 annual expansion &  abundance1 r5ew !  
f]tility ( _m millions ( acres1 & re/ore
  ! bless+s ( heal? to ^? indu/ri\s &   
peaceable peasantry  inhabit+ t flat    
c\ntry ?r\gh :i* !y maje/ically w9d _!  
c\rse4    ,at ,calcutta1 & ,dacca1 ea* (
 :i* is ab\t sev5ty miles f !  sea1 n   
only is ! wat] unpalatable1 f its sal9e 
impregnation1  b ev5 ! s&1 tak5 f ! b$s 
( ! riv]s1 is f\nd to reta9  s mu*      
moi/ure1 not)/&+ ! heat ( ! climate1 z  
to  disqualify x f mixture 9 ! cem5ts   
us$ = build+1 b  especially = mak+      
t>rases1 kn[n to u "h "u ! designation  
( gri/ floors4    ,! great tank at      

,calcutta1 :i* occupies a space ( ab\t  
t5 acres1  is n less ?an two hundr$ y>ds
 f ! riv]4 ,! soil is g5]ally  a ri* s&y
 loam ne> ! surface1 b becomes r loos]1 
&  incl9able to a f9e gravel1 aft] digg+
 ab\t t5 feet4 ,! tank may  be sixty    
feet f ! top ( its banks1 7:i* are level
 ) !  /reets17 to its bottom2 & ! riv]  
is f f\r to sev5 fa?oms  deep opposite  
its site4 ,we %\ld conclude t su* a     
di/ance w\ld  secure ! wat]s ( ! tank f 
becom+ bracki%2 b ! soil  favors !      
communication ) ! riv]1 &1 dur+ ! hot   
season1  occasions ! tank to be s       
/rongly impregnat$ z to be unfit =  ei!r
 cul9>y purposes1 or = wa%+4 ,:at is m  
rem>kable1 !  wells 9 ! diff]5t         
out-works ( ,=t-,william1 "s ( :i* are  
f\r  or five hundr$ y>ds f ! riv]1      
p>take equally ( ! moi/ure3  s mu*1     
inde$1 z to h caus$ ,gov]nm5t to be at a
 great exp5ce  9 =m+ an imm5se res]voir1
 7to be fill$1 if requir$1 by ra9       
wat]17 occupy+ ! :ole ( "o ( ! ba/ions4 
,x %\ld be "h notic$1 t1 dur+ ! ra9y    

season1 ! riv]s are  full up to _!      
banks1 & run ) su* =ce1 (t5 six or eight
  miles 9 ! h\r1 z to occasion ! tide to
 be little felt1 ei!r at  ,calcutta1 or 
at ,dacca2 consequ5tly1 ! :ole ( ! wat]1
 bo? ( !  riv]s1 & ( ! tanks & wells1   
becomes fre% & pure4 ,on ! o!r  h&1 dur+
 ! hot mon?s1 viz4 ,m>*1 ,april1 ,may1 &
 "p ( ,june1  :51 except dur+ a         
nor?-we/]1 or squall incid5t to !       
season1  n a drop ( ra9 is to be        
expect$1 ! wat]s are e :]e              
proportionably l[2 &1 z ! tides come up 
) extreme =ce1 we  mu/ conclude !       
portion ( sea-wat] to be v consid]able4 
,su* is  ! fact2 = ^? :o visit ei!r     
,calcutta1 or ,dacca1 at t season1  & :o
 dr9k ev5 ( ! tank-wat]1 are sure to    
feel its ca?>tic  effects1 &1 ev5tually1
 to suff] "u a v tr\blesome k9d (  it*4 
,at ,dacca1 :]e ! air is m sal9e1 all   
visitors und]go !  p5ance ( a copi\s    
eruption3 "s ( ! old resid5ts h a return
  ( x e hot season2 al?\gh !y may be    
extremely c>eful nev] to  t\* riv] wat]1

 b1 l ! inhabitants ( ,calcutta1 allot a
  spaci\s god[n to ! reception ( imm5se 
j>s ( e>!n w>e1  :i*1 be+ plac$ side by 
side1 9 close r[s1 are successively     
fill$  by ! aub-d>1 or s]vant ^: bus9ess
 is conf9$ to ! c>e1 &  to ! cool+1 (   
wat] = table exp5diture4 ,! wat] ?us    
pres]v$  is caught 9 l>ge vessels1 plac$
 "u ! sev]al sp\ts t conduct  x !reto1  
dur+ heavy falls ( ra92 ! quantity v>ies
 accord+ to  ! consumption1 b we may    
ord9>ily compute t ( a family at        
,calcutta to am\nt to full sixty or     
sev5ty hog%eads )9 ! ye>4  ,9 ! c\rse ( 
a few weeks1 ea* vessel w be f\nd to    
conta9  innum]able l>v1 occasion$ by    
musquitoes1 & o!r insects1 &  :i* w\ld1 
9 a c]ta9 "t1 ta9t ! fluid4 ,x is !re=e 
cu/om>y to /ra9 ! :ole s soon z ! l>v   
are discov]$1 &  aft]w>ds to plunge into
 ea* j> an imm5se mass ( iron1 made     
r$-hot2 :]eby :atev] animalcul may h    
escap$ ?r\gh !  /ra9] may be de/roy$4   
,?is be+ done1 "s alum is dissolv$ 9    
wat]1 & a suffici5t quantity put into   

ea* vessel to f9e its  cont5ts4 ,"s1 &  
,i ?9k ! practice %\ld be m g5]ally     
adopt$1 aft] ! =ego+ op]ations1 spr9kle 
a quantity ( v  f9e s& on ! surface ( ! 
wat] 9 ea* j>2 !reby giv+1 to  :atev]   
gross p>ticles x may conta91 a t5d5cy to
 precipitation4 ,x  may1 at fir/ view1  
appe> t1 9 ! common c\rse ( society1    
g5tlem5 mu/ be subject to p>take ( wat] 
:i* may n h be5 s  scrupul\sly purifi$1 
& p]haps br\ght f "s neighb\r+ tank1  or
 f a riv]1 impregnat$ by ! influx ( a   
bracki% tide4 ,su* may1  assur$ly1 be ! 
case occasionally2 b x w be f\nd1 on    
ref]5ce  to :at has be5 said ( ! duties 
( ! aub-d>1 or wat]-s]vant1  t purifi$  
wat] is c>ri$ by a be>]1 9 a bangy1 or  
p]haps 9  a soorye1 or e>!n jug1 to !   
h\se at :i* 8 ma/] is to d9e4  ,9 camp1 
x is a v g5]al cu/om = e gue/'s s]vant  
to supply  8 ma/] ) wat] ( 8 own        
purify+2 :i* is effect$ ei!r by  means (
 alum1 or ( "s o!r a/r+5t produc+ a     
simil> effect4    ,! wat]s 9 ! great    
riv]s h v>i\s s\rces2 b1 speak+  g5]ally

 ( ! ,ganges1 :i* receives almo/ all !  
o!r riv]s 9  its c\rse f ^? m\nta9s     
among :i* x has its s\rce1 to !  ,bay ( 
,*ittagong1 :]e x empties itself into ! 
sea 9 an imm5se  expanse1 we may divide 
its prop]ties accord+ to ! c\ntries     
?r\gh  :i* x passes4 ,h5ce ! v>i\s      
op9ions t h be5 ent]ta9$  ( its         
qualities2 :i* h be5 g5]ally m5tion$ 9 a
 v loose1  indiscrim9ate mann]1 )\t     
ref]5ce to ! v>i\s soils :]eby  its     
purity mu/ be affect$1 9 a c\ntry :]e1 z
 9 ,egypt1 annual  inundations prevail2 
or :]e1 at lea/1 su* imm5se quantities (
 ra9  fall z w\ld a/oni% a p]son n      
habituat$ to ! mo/ impetu\s  %[]s4    ,!
 ,ganges takes its rise at ! back ( !   
,kamm[ ,hills1 beyond  ,hurdw>1 :]e x   
issues =? z a n>r[1 b rapid /ream1 f    
among  brok5 rocks1 & soon spreads to "s
 ext5t 9 ! f]tile pla9s (  ! ,rohilcund 
di/rict1 :i* x divides f ! prov9ce (    
,delhi4 ,!  natives ( ,india r>ely      
v5ture beyond ,hurdw>4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 an 
op9ion t ! true ,ganga1 z !y t]m !      

,ganges1 orig9ates at  t spot2 &1       
consid]+ ! c[ z ! greate/ bless+ giv5 to
  mank9d1 7= ! ,h9dus v5]ate x ) ev5 m  
f]vor ?an a  ,ca?olic does a suppos$    
relic ( our ,savi\r17 emphatically t]m x
  #8! ,c['s ,m\?2' imply+ !reby !       
purity1 z well z ! value1 (  ! wat]s4   
,b ^? m\nta9s :i* give bir? to !        
,ganges1 are likewise !  s\rces ( !     
,b>ampoot]2 a riv] exce$+ ev5 ! ,ganges 
9  capacity6 ,^! two imm5se /reams      
deviate at _! orig9 to opposite  qu>t]s2
 ! ,ganges proce$+ we/w>d1 & !          
,b>ampoot] ea/w>d4  ,! =m]1 aft] w9d+ at
 ! back ( ! ,kamm[ & ,nagrocote         
,m\nta9s1 passes ,hurdw>1 &1 proce$+ 9 a
 devi\s track ?r\gh  ! pla9s ( ,oude1   
,allahabad1 ,b5>es1 ,bah>1 ,junglet]ry1 
,mauldah1  ,com]cally1 ,dacca1 & o!r    
subord9ate di/ricts1 receives !         
,luckyah1 z a bran* f ! ,b>ampoot]1 & a 
few miles bel[ ,dacca  unites ) t riv]2 
:5ce1 "u ! designation ( #8! ,,megna1'  
!y pursue _! c\rse = ab\t sixty miles to
 ! ea/]n "p (  ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 =m+ by  

_! junction a volume ( wat]1  encreas+1 
f ab\t sev51 to tw5ty miles 9 wid?4     
,9 ! upp] c\ntry1 ! ,ganges receives    
v>i\s inf]ior /reams1 su*  z !          
,doojoorah1 ! ,cally-,nuddy1 !          
,goombe]ah1 ! ,gunduck1 !  ,mahanuddy1 !
 ,rooee1 ! ,jumma1 ! ,goomty1 !         
,c>imnassa1 ! ,gogra1  7or ,dewah17 !   
,soane1 ! ,coosah1 & v>i\s o!r /reams n 
vy+  9 ext5t ) ! ,ganges1 b g5]ally     
equal to ! ,?ames at ,london4  ,!       
,gogra1 ! ,soane1 & ! ,coosah1 are1     
inde$1 riv]s ( ! second  class2 z wide z
 ! ,?ames at ,graves5d4    ,f ,sooty1   
:i* is 9 ! ,junglet]ry di/rict1 !       
,ganges ?r[s (f  a consid]able bran*3   
?is wid5+ 9 a curi\s mann]1 "u ! "n  ( !
 ,baug-,retty1 passes ,moor%adabad1     
=m]ly ! seat ( !  gov]nm5t ( ,b5gal1 "u 
,sooraja ,d[lah1 ,me] ,jaffi]s1 & _!    
ance/ors2 at l5g?1 aft] a c\rse ( ab\t  
#aej miles1 x meets at  ,nuddeah1 ) !   
,jell+hy1 also deta*$ f ! ,ganges1 :5ce 
!  two =m a l>ge riv] "u ! "n ( !       
,hoogly1 :i*1 fl[+  "u ,hoogly1 ,b&el1  

,*9surah1 ,*&]nagore1 ,s]ampore1        
,calcutta1 &  _m inf]ior places1 empties
 itself into ! we/]n end ( ! ,bay (     
,b5gal1 hav+ previ\sly receiv$ !        
,roopn>iam1 & ! ,dummoodah4    ,9 its   
c\rse f ,bagwangolah1 :i* /&s ne> to    
,sooty1 ! ,ganges  s5ds a great v>iety (
 small /reams ?r\gh ! ,jessore1 &       
,mahom$pore di/ricts1 :i*1 meet+ ) l>ge 
inlets f ! sea1  =m an imm5se labyr9? ( 
deep wat]s1 int]sect+ t wild c\ntry     
call$ ! ,sund]bunds1 9 su* v>i\s mazes z
 to require a pilot =  _! navigation4   
,hav+ ?us detail$ ! c\rses ( ! riv]s1 ,i
 %all acc\nt =  _! rise & fall2 z !reon 
_m physical po9ts ( ! utmo/  importance 
w be f\nd to dep5d3 ! v>i\s soils ?r\gh 
:i* !y  pass w be describ$1 & enable u  
to judge m correctly1 ( !  causes ( t   
v>iety ( "* atta*$ to ! wat]s 9 v>i\s   
p>ts4    ,! ,?ibet ,m\nta9s1 :i* =m !   
nor?-ea/ b\nd>y ( a long  valley1 /ret*+
 f ,napaul to ,sir9aghur1 are cov]$ )   
sn[ all  ! ye>4 ,_! height mu/ be v     
great2 =1 on a cle> day1 !y may  be se5 

f ! ,golah at ,patna1 ?\gh di/ant little
 less ?an #cjj  miles4 ,f ! nor?-we/ "p 
( ?is ,alp9e range1 ! ,ganges &         
,b>ampoot] d]ive _! s\rces1 z be=e      
describ$1 back to back f  ! same        
m\nta9s4 ,to ! dissolution ( a "p ( !   
sn[ :i*  cloa?s _! summits1 we may1     
p]haps1 safely attribute a slight       
encrease t takes place ab\t ! middle (  
,may 9 ^? riv]s3  fluctuat+1 m or less1 
at int]vals1 until ! p]iodical ra9s set 
92 g5]ally ab\t ! middle ( ,june4 ,"s h 
ascrib$ _! rise to  heavy ra9s 9 !      
c\ntries ?r\gh :i* ! /reams pass2 b su* 
_c be consid]$ z ! true cause1 = v>i\s  
reasons4 ,fir/ly1  ^? ra9s mu/ be       
extremely heavy if !y t5d$ to swell !   
riv]s2  ! gr\nd be+ p>*$1 & requir+     
great moi/ure to saturate x4  ,secondly1
 ! encrease is n att5dant ) any turbid  
appe>ance2 z  w\ld indisputably result f
 su* heavy ra9s1 z1 aft] saturat+  !    
?ir/y soil1 c\ld raise su* l>ge riv]s1  
(t5 a foot1 or m4  ,?irdly1 !re are o!r 
riv]s :i* d]ive _! s\rces f !  ,kamm[   

,hills1 & f ! ,morungs1 n s di/ant f !  
,?ibet ,hills  b t !y might be expect$  
to receive _! %>e ( ! ra9s1 &  to %ew "s
 encrease1 :i* !y d n2 ! rise be+ conf9$
 to !  ,ganges & ,b>ampoot]1 ^: s\rces  
lie among ! sn[-clad m\nta9s4  ,f\r?ly1 
! encrease happ5s at ! hotte/ "t ( !    
ye>1 & !  wat] loses ! g5ial w>m? imp>t$
 by ! sol> ray1 becomes h>d]1  &1 9 !   
upp] c\ntry1 ne> ,annop%i]1 ab\t sixty  
miles bel[ !  ,c['s ,m\?1 is f\nd1 at t 
p>ticul> season1 to cause acute b[el    
compla9ts1 :i* is n ! case at o!r       
seasons4 ,add to ?is1 t1  among !       
natives ( ! c\ntries above ,hurdw>1 !   
goiture1 or w5  9 ! ?roat1 9 "s measure 
prevails3 a /rong symptom ( !           
dissolution ( sn[4    ,! foll[+ may1    
g5]ally1 be consid]$ ! soils peculi> to 
!  sev]al prov9ces ?r\gh :i* ! ,ganges  
has its c\rse1 aft] leav+  ,hurdw>4 ,!  
we/ bank is g5]ally high all ! way to   
,b5>es1 &  consi/s1 ) little exception1 
( lime1 concret$ into irregul>  masses1 
mu* l roots ( g+]1 or ,j]usalem         

arti*okes1 ( v>i\s  sizes1 "s weigh+    
p]haps five or six p\nds1 o!rs sc>cely  
an  ounce4 ,^! are ( a g+]1 or a% color2
 ?\gh "s1 be+ m  mix$ ) ! gravelly "p ( 
! soil1 are ( a yell[i% r$4 ,?is  k9d ( 
concretion is kn[n ?r\gh\t ,india by !  
"n ( kunkur1  &1 :5 burnt1 yields a v   
inf]ior k9d ( cem5t1 friable1 & n  v    
t5aci\s 9 reg>d to ! body :]eto x is    
appli$1 nor  h>d5+ s z to resi/ moi/ure 
effectually4    ,all ! riv]s1 !re=e1 :i*
 issue f ! we/]n bank1 are1 m  or less1 
impregnat$ ) ?is k9d ( lime2 :ile1 on ! 
opposite  bank1 ! wat]s p>take ( a /rong
 solution ( nitre1 ) :i* mo/  ( ! pla9s 
( ,oude1 ,fyzabad1 ,gazypore1 c41 ab\nd4
 ,su* is !  abundance1 t ! ,company are 
induc$ to prohibit ! salt-petre         
manufactur$ 9 ! ,nabob ,vizi] ( ,oude's 
dom9ions1 f be+  import$ )9 _! own      
prov9ces2 o!rwise1 ! *eapness ( !  =m]1 
:i* is usually sold at ,furruckabad =   
ab\t two %ill+s &  sixp5ce p] cwt41 w\ld
 de/roy ! manufactories at ,patna1 :]e x
  ord9>ily sells = d\ble t price4    ,! 

c\ntry ly+ betwe5 ! ,ganges & ! ,goomty1
 7on ! ea/]n  bank17 f ,currah to       
,b5>es1 is replete ) alkali 9 a fossile 
/ate1 kn[n by ! "n ( sudjy4 ,?is is     
usually f\nd on !  surface1 at ! close (
 ! ra9y season especially1 :5 x beg9s to
  %ew itself v obvi\sly1 & is p>$ (f )  
mattocks2 ris+ 9  l>ge cellul> /rata f  
"o to ?ree in*es 9 ?ickness1 & mu*      
resembl+ ?9 free-/one1 ?\gh f> m por\s4 
,9 ?is /ate x is  c>ri$ to m>ket1 :]e x 
is pur*as$ by ! manufactur]s ( soap at  
,allahabad1 ,patna1 & o!r places2 x is  
g5]ally comb9$ ) oil1  &1 :5 ready1     
sells at ab\t t5 %ill+s ! maund ( #hjlb4
 ,at  ,calcutta x is ord9>ily sold at   
ab\t #ej p] c5t4 pr(it4 ,x is made  9   
baskets1 is ( a d>k color1 & v moi/4    
,x is curi\s t ! inhabitants ( ^!       
c\ntries h nev] turn$  _! ?\ghts to !   
effects produc$ by ^! sub/ances4 ,on !  
we/]n bank ! p are subject to nephritic 
compla9ts1 :i* !y  g5]ally express "u ! 
vague t]m ( kumm]-ka-dook 7or pa9s 9  ! 
back72 :ile1 on ! ea/]n bank1 !y are    

tr\bl$ ) !  moormoory1 7or gripes17 )   
:i* ^? liv+ inl&1 especially1  are      
sev]ely afflict$1 ow+ to _! use (       
tank-wat]4    ,dur+ ! ra9y season1 ^!   
p[]ful ag5ts comb9e1 & give bir?  to mo/
 al>m+ & excruciat+ maladies1 :i*1      
h[ev]1 readily  yield to a few g5tle    
ca?>tics1 aid$ by congee1 7or           
rice-wat]17 by  :i* ! inte/9es are      
%ea!d4 ,! natives g5]ally h rec\rse  to 
opiates2 :]eby !y (t5 fix ! disease4 ,9 
! dry season1 t  is1 f ! end ( ,octob]  
to ! middle ( ,june1 ! riv] wat]1  hav+ 
deposit$ ! noxi\s p>ticles1 is rem>kably
 cle> &  :olesome2 except :5 ! rise     
takes place1 ab\t ! middle or end (     
,may1 z be=e relat$4 ,! b$ ( ! riv] be+ 
inv>iably a co>se  s&1 occasionally     
bl5d$ ) imm5se %eets ( kunkur1 :]e( !   
banks are =m$ = miles 9 "s p>ts1 easily 
receives ! lime &  alkali1 leav+ ! runn+
 wat]s cle>1 & free f ^?  sub/ances4    
,europeans nev] dr9k ( wat] fre% drawn 9
 any situation2 x be+  always left to /&
 = at lea/ "o day2 dur+ :i*1 a copi\s   

deposit takes place3 9 ! ra9y season1   
p]haps full a f\r? ( !  cont5ts ( !     
vessel4 ,"s g5tlem5 are v p>ticul> 9    
hav+  _! wat] boil$4    ,! l[ pla9s ( ! 
,%awabad & ,bux> di/ricts1 situate on ! 
we/]n bank ( ! ,ganges1 are *iefly      
cultivat$ ) rice1 :ile !  high] p>ts are
 productive ( :ite corn1 opium1 sug>1 c4
 ,! swamps  ne> ,sas]am1 bord]+ ! range 
( hills at ! we/]n b\nd>y1 &  :i* come  
r\nd to ,*un>1 are annually 9 a /ate (  
p>tial  corruption1 suffici5t to        
occasion t]ribly malignant diseases1    
ab\t  ,novemb]2 :5 ! sun's p[] promotes 
an a/oni%+ evaporation1  fill+ ! air )  
miasma1 & spread+ de/ruction among all !
  liv+ tribes4 ,b ^? wat]s are1 9       
!mselves1 highly dang]\s2  bo? on acc\nt
 ( ! putrefaction ( ! vegetables !y     
conta91 &  ( ! p[]ful coalition ( v>i\s 
m9]al /reams1 :i*1 hav+ 9  ! ra9y season
 exce$$ _! ord9>y limits1 /ray into ! l[
  c\ntry1 & mix ) ! already delet]i\s   
mass4 ,f9d+ a dis*>ge  = _! r$undancy1  
by means ( ! multitude ( fissures1 or   

small  *annels1 e :]e exi/+1 ^! bl5d ) !
 pur] torr5ts1  occasion$ by ! impetu\s 
ra9s1 & cause a fev] to prevail1 :i*1  9
 addition to ! lime & nitre already     
afloat1 p]=m wond]s 9 !  cause (        
desolation4    ,?is assemblage (        
rivulets =ms t great riv] ! ,soane1 :i*1
 =  ! %ort c\rse x has to run1 n be+ m  
?an sixty miles f its  num]\s s\rces 9 !
 hills be=e notic$1 pres5ts an uncommon 
expanse1 be+ g5]ally f ?ree qu>t]s ( a  
mile to two miles 9  bread?2 b1 9 ! dry 
season1 contract+ its /ream to a v n>r[ 
*annel1 w9d+ 9 ! mo/ fanciful me&]s1 &  
caus+1 by its  wat]s be+ s disp]s$ 9 a v
 flat b$1 m quicks&s ?an  probably are  
to be f\nd 9 any riv] 9 ! _w4 ,x is     
wor?y (  rem>k "h1 t sev]al riv]s 9 t "p
 ( ! _w1 :i* h  s&y b$s1 appe> sudd5ly  
to be lo/2 ow+ to s& banks1 t1  dur+ !  
/ream's viol5ce1 h be5 ?r[n up1 s high z
 to be  above ! wat]s :5 ! ra9s h       
subsid$3 ! curr5t cont9ues  v           
p]ceptible1 b z ! b> prev5ts ! wat] f   
go+ =w>d1  x passes ?r\gh ! int]vals ( !

 v co>se grit :i* =ms t  b>2 &1 p]haps1 
at ! di/ance ( half a mile l[]1         
re-appe>s4 ,!  natives1 :o attribute e  
?+ t c be> ! p]v]sion to "s  invisible  
ag5t1 nev] fail to apply ?is z a curse  
^u any village  t may be opposite to su*
 a b>1 "u ! op9ion t ! wat]s  ceas$ to  
run 9 its vic9ity on acc\nt ( "s        
impiety1 ei!r kn[n1  or conceal$1       
p]petrat$ by ! inhabitants4    ,!       
,gogra1 or ,dewah1 :i* takes its rise 9 
! hills nor? (  ,gorackpore1 divid+     
,napaul f ! ,company's possessions1     
rolls its  impetu\s c\rse ?r\gh a c\ntry
 ne>ly desolate1 & b\nd+ its  banks )   
mo/ ext5sive =e/s & wild]nesses4 ,! soil
 is n s  impregnat$ ) nitre z 9 o!r     
p>ts1 nor are ! /reams t =m  its volume 
ta9t$ s /rongly ) m9]als4 ,p]haps ow+ to
 !  l5g? ( its c\rse1 :i* may be ab\t   
#bej miles1 or m1 ! m  weighty p>ticles 
may be deposit$2 = x is held t ?is riv] 
conta9s less obnoxi\s mixture ?an any "p
 ( ! ,ganges4 ,( lime x  may c]ta9ly    
p>take1 s9ce x runs ?r\gh "s tracts     

ab\nd+ )  kunkur2 b its c\rse is *iefly 
?r\gh clay1 s&1 & a species (  black    
pott]s' m>le1 ( :i* crock]y is made 9 "s
 p>ts ( nor?  ,bah>1 9 imitation ( our  
,/af=d%ire w>e2 ?\gh v inf]ior z  to =m 
& f9i%4 ,= ?is1 ! neighb\rhood ( ,sewan 
is fam\s4    ,! prov9ce ( ,bah> ab\nds 9
 nitre2 & e petty rivulet ei!r  takes   
its rise f "s swamp /rongly impregnat$  
!re)1 or passes  ?r\gh soils :i* yield x
 pr(usely4 ,^? /reams t orig9ate 9  !   
,*ittrah1 ,ramghur1 ,gyah1 & ,monghyr   
,hills1 are (t5 s v highly  saturat$ )  
delet]i\s sub/ances1 z to betray _! bad 
qualities  ev5 to ! eye4 ,! ,mahana1 !  
,mutwallah1 & v>i\s m\nta9 riv]s  9 t   
qu>t]1 :i* ru% into ! ,ganges betwe5    
,patna & ,boglepore1  are frequ5tly t+$ 
) copp]1 ( :i* "s small ve9s are to be  
f\nd4 ,an in/ance occurr$1 :ile ! #ab?  
battalion ( native infantry  0 m>*+ f   
,patna to ! ,ramghur /ation1 :]e ! :ole 
corps  7 s extremely affect$ by ! wat]1 
z sc>cely to be able to  asc5d f ! camp1
 !n at ,dungaie1 to ! summit ( !        

,kana*itty  ,pass2 su* 0 ! /ate to :i* x
 _h1 by its cupre\s solution1  r$uc$ bo?
 m5 & bea/s4 ,=tunately1 x 0 v cold     
wea!r1 &  ! use made ( ! wat]s _h be5 v 
limitt$4    ,"s (fic]s f ! same corps   
be+ on a %oot+ p>ty1 dur+ !  next ye>1  
happ5$ to encamp at ,dungaie4 ,! kettle 
_h be5 put on2  ! wat]1 inde$1 0 ready =
 breakfa/2 b ! g5tlem51 on  alight+ f _!
 horses1 z usual1 _h wat] br\ght !m to  
wa%2  :5 ! contraction x occasion$ 9 _! 
m\?s in/antly rem9d$  !m ( _! =m]       
escape1 & !reby set !m on _! gu>d3 on   
enquir+1 !y f\nd1 t1 ei!r f want (      
memory1 or ?r\gh  indol5ce1 _! s]vants  
_h tak5 ! wat] f ! rivulet runn+  at !  
foot ( ! pass1 9 lieu ( draw+ x f a well
 9 ! t[n1  :i* 0 at no great di/ance4   
,_m su* /reams p\r into ! ,ganges1 ei!r 
s+ly1 or 9 conjunction  ) o!rs4 ,z to   
*alybeate influ5ce1 t _c be want+2 = !  
:ole range ( hills1 9 ! elevat$ p>ts (  
,ramghur1 ,rotas1 ,*ittrah1  ,tom>1     
,pa*ete1 ,be]boom1 ,ragonautpore1       
,midnapore1 c41 may be t]m$  "o mass (  

iron2 ly+ 9 huge projections expos$ to  
view1 & giv+  ! soil a /rong ru/ color4 
,! natives1 9 ^? p>ts1 fuse imm5se      
quantities = sale4    ,! c\ntry f ,b5>es
 to ,patna is g5]ally f]tile 9 !        
extreme1  ab\nd+ 9 ri* pla9s1 & af=d+ f>
 pur] wat] ?an is to be  f\nd above t   
int]val4 ,at ,gazypore & ,bux> ! wat]s  
receive no  additional adult]ation1     
except f ! ,c>amnassa1 :i* c]ta9ly is   
an impure /ream4 ,su* is ! op9ion held  
by ! natives reg>d+ ?is  riv]1 t1 on    
acc\nt ( its be+ necess>y to cross x    
betwe5  ,sas]am & ,b5>es1 a road mu*    
frequ5t$ by pilgrims & devotees2        
p>ticul>ly ! imm5se hordes :o repair f !
 ,mah>rattah c\ntry1  to visit ! holy   
,h9du city ( ,kassi1 :i* is ! "n !y give
 to  ,b5>es2 t a ri* man1 resid+ s f> (f
 z ,poonah1 ! capital (  ! ,mah>rattah  
empire1 ne> ,bombay1 bequea!d a l>ge sum
 ( money =  build+ a bridge1 !reby to   
obviate ! necessity pi\s travell]s  7 "u
 ( be+ c>ri$ ov] on ! backs ( m52 :o    
ga9$ a  livelihood by transport+ ^? :o1 

f ov]-nice scruples1 w\ld n  wade ?r\gh 
! /ream1 z !y mu/ h done ?r\gh hundr$s (
  o!rs1 be=e !y got s ne> _! holy       
object4 ,unhappily = ^?  delicate g5try1
 ! bridge did n1 :5 ,i la/ saw x1 ab\t  
twelve  ye>s ago1 seem likely to p]=m   
its (fice3 ! soil be+ s&y1 &  ! ar*itect
 und]/&+ b little ( 8 pr(ession1 pi]s _h
  repeat$ly be5 rais$ to ab\t sev5 or   
eight feet high1 b always  gave way2 s t
 ,i fe> ! poor it9]ants mu/ /ill pay _! 
p5ce1  & ride across z be=e2 unless !   
edifice may be entru/$ to  ,european    
ar*itects4    ,! ,coosah comes d[n f !  
,morungs1 a wild1 m\nta9\s c\ntry1      
replete ) imp5etrable =e/s1 & conta9+ "s
 few m9]als3  h[ev]1 on t head little is
 kn[n2 ! ext5t ( ! wilds be+  su* z to  
deb> ! possibility ( explor+ ! suppos$  
ri*es  conta9$ 9 ! bosom ( ! m\nta9s4 ,f
 ?is qu>t]1 & !  cont9uance ( ! =e/ be=e
 describ$1 :i* /ret*es ea/w>d to        
,assam1 & we/w>d to ,peelabeet1 or      
fur!r1 ! :ole ( ! l[]  c\ntries are     
suppli$ ) saul & sissoo timb]s1 & "s    

firs4    ,su* is ! c\ntry 9 :i* !       
,coosah has its rise2 quitt+ :i*1  aft] 
a foam+ c\rse ( ab\t =ty miles1 x ent]s 
! ext5sive  pla9s ( ,purneah1 ?r\gh :i* 
x passes 9 a m tranquil /ate1  ?\gh ev] 
rapid1 until x jo9s ! ,ganges a little  
bel[ ,colgong1  :i* /&s on ! opposite   
bank1 & :]e ! ,t]mahony1 a small        
sluggi% riv] ( ab\t eighty or a hundr$  
y>ds 9 bread?1 bl5ds its  wat]s ) !     
great riv]4 ,! ,t]mahony is v deep1 &1 9
 !  ra9y season1 equally impetu\s4 ,l ! 
,coosah1 x fl[s *iefly  ?r\gh a flat    
c\ntry1 dur+ its %ort c\rse1 & z ! soils
 9  ?is "p are sabul\s1 !re does n appe>
 any ?+ rem>kable 9  ! effects ( ! wat]s
 ^u ! inhabitants4    ,! ,ganges may be 
consid]$ z f> m pure betwe5             
,raje-,mahal1 9 !  ,junglet]ry di/rict1 
& ,mauldah1 or ,bagwangolah1 ?an = "s   
di/ance above2 dur+ ! dry season1 x is  
rem>kable = !  cle>ness & lightness (   
its wat]s3 aft] leav+ ?is to proce$     
s\?w>d1 we f9d !m greatly *ang$ dur+ !  
ra9y season1 :5  ! imm5se inundation :i*

 prevails ?r\gh\t ,b5gal1 prop]ly s     
call$1 & :i*1 mov+ 9 g5]al at a rate n  
exce$+ half a mile  9 ! h\r1 may be     
consid]$ z /agnant4    ,we n[ lose !    
great body ( s& t 9 all ! upp] c\ntry   
=ms  ! b$1 n only ( ! ,ganges1 b ( e    
riv] ^: c\rse  cont9ues un9t]rupt$ dur+ 
! dry season2 ?\gh its /ream may  become
 insignificant4 ,"h x %\ld be rem>k$1 t 
s&y b$s  g5]ally produce ! f9e/ bev]age1
 & t ! wat] w be f\nd  m pure 9         
proportion z ! s& is co>se4 ,h5ce1 !    
wat]s 9 !  deep p>ts ( su* /reams are   
inv>iably ! sweete/2 = ! co>se  s& w    
naturally f9d its way to ! greate/      
dep?s1 precipitat+  ! impurities ) x4   
,on ! contr>y1 ! light float+ s&s1 :i*  
) e little motion become agitat$1 w set 
! impurities also  9 action4 ,su* are   
g5]ally f\nd on ! bord]s ( ! /ream1 :5ce
  mo/ p]sons d]ive _! supplies1 & :]e x 
may usually be se5 9  an active /ate2   
or1 if at re/1 bl5d$ ) slime1 or fibr\s 
sub/ances4    ,we %\ld ev] rememb] !    
di/9ction betwe5 ! effects ( f9e &  (   

co>se s& z /ra9]s4 ,co>se s& all[s      
heavy1 or co>se bodies1  to pass ?r\gh x
 freely1 provid$ ! p>ticles be n        
adhesive1 or  too gross = filtration3   
consequ5tly1 :5 su* s& is deposit$ 9  ! 
b$ ( a riv]1 ! less] p>ticles ( lime1 or
 ( m9]als &  _! ores1 w s9k1 & rema9    
fix$4 ,n s ) f9e s&2 :i*  has a great]  
t5d5cy to compactness1 & :i*1 gradually 
fill+ up  ! smalle/ int]vals1 becomes   
firm1 & resi/s all admixture )          
het]og5e\s sub/ances2 ! latt] mu/1 (    
necessity1 rema9 on _!  surface1 subject
 to be tak5 up ) ! wat]4 ,p]sons        
accu/om$ to  filtration mu/ "k1 t1 ow+  
to ?is t5d5cy1 f9e s& is by f>  ! be/   
m$ium to filt] ?r\gh1 :ile co>se s& is  
pref]able =  ! purposes ( precipitation4
    ,! inundation :i* ov]fl[s ,b5gal1   
especially 9 ! di/ricts (  ,nattore1    
,dacca1 ,jessore1 ! s\!rn p>ts (        
,rungpore1 & a "p (  ,mahom$-,%i1 is1   
p]haps1 "o ( ! mo/ curi\s ( nature's    
ph5om5a6  ,! wisdom ( our ,creator is   
mo/ conspicu\sly %ewn 9 !  appropriation

 ( su/5ance1 bo? = ! human & = ! brute  
species1 suit$ to meet ?is annual       
visitation ( ! wat]s4 ,h[ev]  copi\s !  
ra9s may be 9 ! s\!rn prov9ces1 ?\gh !y 
might  become boggy1 & be p>tially      
inundat$ :]e ! l&s 7 l[1 yet1  )\t !    
influx ( ^! imm5se /reams1 :i*1 ow+ to !
  declivity ( ! surface1 p\r d[n f !    
upp] c\ntry1 ,b5gal  w\ld1 at su*       
seasons1 be b a miry pla91 or a %all[   
morass4 ,!  great inundation does n1    
g5]ally1 take place till a mon? aft] !  
p]iod :5 ! ra9s h1 accord+ to ! phrase 9
 use1 #8set 94'  ,! ?ir/y soils ( ,oude1
 ,cor*1 ,allahabad1 ,b5>es1 ,gazypore1  
,patna1  ,rungpore1 ,boglepore1         
,purneah1 & all beyond ! #be? degree (  
latitude1 require mu* moi/ure to        
saturate !m1 z d also ^?  p>*$ pla9s    
into :i* !y ultimately p\r _! /reams1   
be=e any  "p ( ! soil c be cov]$1 inde$1
 su* is ! /ate ( !  s\!rn prov9ces aft] 
! cold season1 t t ri* friable soil 9   
:i* !y ab\nd is se5 cake-dri$ & crack$  
by fissures ( _m  in*es 9 bread?1 z ?\gh

 "s great convulsion ( nature _h be5    
ex]t$ to r5d ! surface into innum]able  
divisions4    ,"u ! circum/ances ( a    
flood1 :i* la/s = _m mon?s1  fluctuat+ f
 ! middle or end ( ,july to ! beg9n+ (  
,octob]1  7?\gh ! wat] does n dra9 (f   
be=e ! middle ( ,decemb] 9  l[          
situations17 ! inhabitants might be     
suppos$ to suff] "u all  ! mis]ies ( a  
g5]al ru9 & subsequ5t sc>city4 ,! rev]se
 is1  h[ev]1 ! fact2 =1 provid$ ! ra9s d
 n fall 9 su* torr5ts  z to wa% away _! 
habitations1 & to occasion s rapid a    
rise 9  ! fluid pla9 z to ov]:elm ! gr[+
 rice1 ! m ample !  bursauty1 7i4e4 !   
ra9s17 ! m pl5tiful ! crop1 &  g5]ally !
 less sickly does ! season prove4 ,!    
latt] po9t w  appe> self-e/abli%$1 :5 we
 consid] t amplitude ( inundation       
s]ves1 n only to divide ! septic matt]  
conta9$ 9 ! wat]1 b  likewise to        
accel]ate its action1 & cause its       
proce$+ ) add$  impetus to dis*>ge      
itself into ! bay4 ,at ?is season1 riv]s
 are  only kn[n by ! curr5ts1 &         

consequ5t swells1 :i* appe> amid/  ?is  
tempor>y ocean6 ,! navigation1 = sev]al 
mon?s1 assumes a new  appe>ance4        
,vessels ( great bur!n1 p]haps ( two    
?\s& maunds1  7ea* #hjlb417 equal to    
ne>ly "o hundr$ tons1 are se5 trav]s+ ! 
c\ntry 9 all directions1 pr9cipally ) ! 
w9d1 :i* is !n  )9 a few po9ts on ei!r  
side ( s\?4 ,not$ cities1 exalt$        
mosques1 & popul\s gunjes1 or           
gra9-m>kets1 on ! riv]'s bank1  are n   
objects ( att5tion4 ,! boatman hav+ set 
8 enorm\s squ>e  sail1 proce$s by guess1
 or1 p]haps1 guid$ by exp]i5ce1 ?r\gh ! 
fields ( rice1 :i* e :]e raise _!       
tassel$ heads1 seem+ to  invite ! reap] 
to collect ! preci\s gra94 ,z to dep? ( 
wat]1  !re is g5]ally f t5 to ?irty     
feet1 9 proportion z ! c\ntry  may be m 
or less elevat$4    ,x is curi\s to sail
 among ^! insulat$ t[ns1 :i*1 at ?is    
season1 appe> almo/ level ) ! surr\nd+  
elem5t1 & hemm$ 9  by _! num]\s d+ies1  
or boats1 :i*1 exclusive ( ! necessity  
= prep>+ aga9/ an ov]-abundant          

inundation1 are requisite = !  purposes 
( cutt+ ! paddy3 rice be+ s call$ :ile 9
 ! husk4    ,s soon z :at is consid]$ ! 
f9al secession ( ! inundation is  ab\t  
to comm5ce1 ! :ole ( ! boats are 9      
motion1 & ! paddy  is cut ) a/oni%+     
cel]ity4 ,x is =tunate1 t1 ow+ to !     
c\ntry on ! bord]s ( ! sea be+ high] ?an
 ! inundat$  c\ntry1 ! wat]s _c draw (f 
fa/] ?an !y c f9d v5t1 by  means ( !    
riv]s :i* dis*>ge into ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 
else !  gr[+ rice w\ld be subject$ to   
v>i\s fluctuations unsuit$ to its       
nature1 & occasion+ ! /raw to b5d2 :]eby
 its gr[? w\ld be  injur$1 ev5 if x %\ld
 recov] f its recl9$ /ate s z aga9  to  
assume a vigor\s appe>ance on ! surface4
    ,! wat]s ( ! inundation1 x w be se51
 are a mixture ( all !  /reams fl[+ f e 
"p ( ! ext5sive valley =m$ by !  ranges 
( m\nta9s /ret*+ f ,*ittagong to ,loll  
,dong1 or ,hurdw>1  on ! ea/ & nor?-ea/1
 & f ,midnapore to ,lahore on ! we/ &   
nor?-we/1 a c\rse ( n less ?an fifte5   
hundr$ miles1 &  g5]ally f two to f\r   

miles 9 bread?4 ,x may be suppos$1 t  _m
 impurities mu/ be involv$ ) ^!         
contribut>y /reams1 z  p>ticul>iz$ 9 !  
=ego+ pages3 to ?is we mu/ add !        
(f5sive1 & c]ta9ly n salut>y1 effect1   
induc$ by ! ,h9du  cu/om ( consign+ e   
corpse to ! wat]s ( ! ,ganges1 or ( any 
/ream fl[+ into x4    ,! ,h9du religion 
requires t ! deceas$ %\ld be burnt to   
a%es1 on ! bord]s ( ! ,ganges1 & t ^?   
a%es1 ) all !  remnants ( wood us$ 9 !  
pile1 %\ld1 toge!r ) ! small truck      
b$/ead on :i* ! body 0 br\ght f !       
habitation to ! riv]  side1 be :olly    
committ$ to ! /ream4 ,! :olesom5ess (   
su* a  practice1 9 a c\ntry :]e ! /rides
 ( putrefaction "k no b\nds1  infection 
& its effects be+ prodigi\sly ext5sive &
 rapid1 _c  be disput$2 su* an ord9ance 
may vie ) ! acts ( any o!r  legislature1
 h[ev] enlight5$4 ,b1 ei!r ! pov]ty1 !  
indol5ce1 or ! sordidness1 ( ! p1 has1 9
 "t1 conv]t$  ?is :olesome precaution   
into a p]fect nuisance4 ,f fifty to a   
hundr$ bodies1 9 diff]5t /ages (        

putrefaction1 may be se5  float+ pa/ any
 "o spot )9 ! c\rse ( ! day4 ,^! hav+   
be5 plac$ on a scanty pile1 & t n suff]$
 to d its (fice1  ei!r on acc\nt ( hot1 
cold1 or wet1 wea!r1 h be5 pu%$1 by     
means ( a bamboo pole1 into ! /ream1 to 
! great annoyance (  wat]-travell]s1 & (
 all p]sons abid+ ne> ^? eddies1 :]e  ! 
nuisance may be kept circl+ = days1     
until =cibly remov$1 or  until ! p>iah  
dogs swim 91 & drag ! c>case to ! %ore3 
!re x spe$ily becomes ! prey ( v>i\s    
c>rion birds1 & ( !  indig5\s village   
curs kn[n by ! above designation4    ,"u
 all ! circum/ances ( su* a comb9ation (
 putrid animal &  vegetable sub/ance1 ( 
m9]al adult]ation1 & ( ! miasma         
naturally aris+ f ! almo/ sudd5 exposure
 ( an imm5se residuum  ( slime1 c42 add$
 to ! cessation ( ! pure sea air1 ! w9d 
*ang+ aft] ! ra9s f ! s\!rly to !       
nor!rly po9ts1 are  we to wond] at !    
malignancy ( ^? fev]s preval5t ?r\gh\t !
  prov9ce ( ,b5gal ,prop]1 f ! end (    
,septemb] to ! e>ly "p  ( ,janu>y1 :5 ! 

swamps are g5]ally br\ght into n>r[     
limits1  & ! air is lad5 ) noxi\s       
vapors8    ,al?\gh x appe>s1 t ! g5]al  
sickness prevail+ ?r\gh\t  ,b5gal at !  
above season1 is induc$ by ne>ly ! same 
causes t1  accord+ to our be/           
in=mations1 eng5d] ! yell[ fev] 9       
,am]ica1 yet no symptom ( t al>m+       
compla9t has ev] be5 kn[n  9 ,india1 nor
 does ! bili\s1 or putrid fev]1 ( ,b5gal
 at all  assimilate 9 reg>d to symptoms 
) ! ,am]ican fatality4 ,c]ta9ly  x is   
common to see :ole villages 9 a /ate (  
jaundice1 & 9 "s  ye>s ! ravages ( !    
disease are truly =midable2 b1 ?\gh x   
may be class$ z epidemic1 we may1 at !  
same "t1 annex an endemic  di/9ction 9  
reg>d to ea* village sep>ately4 ,except 
9 cases (  putrid accession1 or ( obvi\s
 typhus1 !re does n seem any dang]  (   
infection2 & x has be5 prov$1 t ! malady
 might1 by prop]  c>e1 be :olly av]t$4  
,x is a fact1 t1 at sev]al civil        
/ations1  & at "s ( ! pr9cipal milit>y  
cantonm5ts1 :i* 7 =m]ly  consid]$ !     

emporium ( fev]1 ! inhabitants h be5    
pres]v$ 9  an ord9>y /ate ( heal? m]ely 
by cutt+ a few dra9s1 or by  bank+ up   
su* places z =m]ly prov$ inlets to      
inundate pla9s t  n[ rema9 suffici5tly  
free f wat] to all[ ( pa/urage dur+ !   
:ole ( ! ra9y season4    ,! conf9em5t   
occasion$ by a long t]m ( ra91 mu/      
necess>ily  alt] ! habit1 :ile !        
incumb5t atmosph]e1 be+ lad5 )  moi/ure1
 mu/1 at ! same mom5t1 dispose ! sy/em  
to ! reception1  or to ! g5]ation1 (    
disease4 ,! poor native does n *ange 8  
diet1 & v probably reta9s ! same damp   
cloa?s = _m days4 ,8  temp]ate sy/em (  
liv+ seems to be 8 greate/ aid 9 case ( 
illness2 ^? m$ic9es t 9 him effect a    
great *ange be+ f\nd  comp>atively      
feeble :5 adm9i/]$ ei!r to "o ( a       
debau*$  conduct1 or to ,europeans2 :o1 
be+ accu/om$ to a m sub/antial  & m     
/imulant mode ( liv+1 are n to be act$  
^u b by !  m pot5t ( ! mat]ia m$ica4    
,x has (t5 be5 ask$1 z a matt] (        
surprize1 h[ x happ5s t  ,b5gal has nev]

 be5 visit$ by ! plague4 ,! "q has be5  
f\nd$ on ! suppos$ aff9ity betwe5 t     
c\ntry & ,egypt1 9  reg>d to ! annual   
inundations2 & to ! n>r[ness1 z well z !
  fil?1 ( ! /reets 9 ! great cities2 :i*
 w\ld1 if !  conjecture 7 correct1      
induce pe/il5ce1 z ! same causes are    
said  to d 9 ,turkey4    ,! case is     
widely diff]5t4 ,9 ,egypt1 al?\gh ! l&s 
are  inundat$1 ra9 is sc>cely ev] kn[n  
to fall2 ! floods com+ f  ! s\!rly      
m\nta9s4 ,h5ce1 ! inhabitants are "u all
 !  disadvantages att5dant ^u a hot     
atmosph]e1 dur+ eight mon?s 9  ! ye>1 & 
are1 = ! rema9+ f\r1 expos$ to !        
insalubrity  aris+ f ! inundation1      
especially :5 x is dra9+ (f4    ,9 reg>d
 to ! n>r[ness ( ! /reets1 & ! fil? !y  
conta91  some?+ may be said 9           
alleviation4 ,! h\ses 9 ,turkey are mu* 
high]1 are built ( m solid mat]ials1 & !
 inhabitants be+  :olly ( "o religion1  
viz4 foll[]s ( ,mahom$1 b p>tak+ ( "s  (
 ! bad habits ( ! neighb\r+ c\ntries1   
be+ also 9 a m  v>iable climate1 m po9t$

 att5tion is paid to durability & to    
clos5ess 9 ! edifices1 ?an is commonly  
%ewn 9 ,india4 ,9 !  latt] c\ntry1 !    
utmo/ jeal\sy subsi/s betwe5 !          
,mussulmans &  ! ,h9dus1 b ! latt] are  
mo/ num]\s 9 e place1 ev5 9 !  cities   
:]e ,mussulman pr9ces hold _! durb>s1 or
 c\rts4 ,?is  jeal\sy occasions ! ,h9dus
 to look ^u e ve/ige ( a ,mussulman  z a
 contam9ation2 &1 z ablutions are enjo9$
 ev5 m by !  ,h9du law ?an by ! ,koran1 
:i* is ! ,mussulman's book ( fai?1 we   
may consid] ! p]son ( a ,h9du to be z   
clean & :olesome z  repeat$ wa%+s c make
 x4 ,he we>s only a small lock ( hair1  
gr[+ f a spot ab\t ! size ( a doll> on !
 cr[n ( 8 head4  ,8 cloa?s are wa%$ z   
(t5 z 8 body1 &1 on ! :ole1 x  %\ld     
appe> almo/ impossible = him to c>ry any
 disease aris+  f1 or communicat$ ?r\gh1
 a defici5cy ( individual cleanl9ess4   
,! h\ses ( ! natives ?r\gh\t ,india1 if 
we except ab\t "o-?ird  ( ,b5>es1 ab\t a
 tw5tie? ( ,patna1 ! same (             
,moor%adabad1 & a  m]e trifle ( ! ,black

 ,t[n ( ,calcutta1 are built ( mats1    
bamboos1  & /raw2 9 ! latt]1 !y h be51  
"u late regulations1 til$4  ,! g5]ality 
( village-huts are built ) mud walls4   
,on ! :ole1  h[ev]1 :e!r ow+ to cracks 9
 ! walls1 or int]vals betwe5 !m  & !    
?at*es1 w9d[s1 c41 ! air f9ds a free    
c\rse ?r\gh\t4  ,add to ?is1 t ! natives
 d n sleep on fea!r b$s1 flock1 c41  b  
g5]ally on mats made ( re$s4 ,?is1 (    
itself1 may be consid]$  a prev5tive    
aga9/ infection4    ,! fires kept up 9 !
 h\ses ( ! natives ( ,turkey are 9 fix$ 
/oves1 or "u *imnies1 :i* d n answ] !   
purposes (  fumigation4 ,:]eas1 !       
,indian1 by means ( a moveable /ove1    
un9t5tionally fumigates ! :ole h\se2    
mak+ ! eyes ( all sm>t  ) ! smoke4 ,?is 
fuel is n bitum9\s2 b1 9 e situation1 is
  ei!r wood1 or ! dri$ dung ( cattle4   
,besides1 ! floor ( a  ,h9du's h\se is1 
p]haps daily1 wa%$ ) a ?ick solution (  
c[-dung1 :5ce a fre%ness is diffus$1 n  
p]haps v gratify+1  9 po9t ( sav\r1 to  
an ,european's no/rils1 b assur$ly      

anti-septic1 & answ]+ v>i\s good        
purposes2 especially z !  walls are1 to 
! height (1 p]haps1 ?ree or f\r feet1   
sme>$ )  ! same mixture4 ,! use (       
tobacco is common to bo? ,turkey &      
,india1  & may be consid]$ z contribut>y
 to a resi/ance aga9/ ! damps  dur+ !   
ra9y season1 z well z aga9/ infection4  
,) reg>d to ! appreh5sions aris+ f fil?1
 =tunately1 !y  are n bett] f\nd$ ?an ^?
 j notic$ z dep5dant on !  n>r[ness ( ! 
/reets4 ,?is lucky evasion ( disease is 
n1  h[ev]1 to be attribut$ to any       
att5tion on ! "p ( ! natives            
individually1 or to ! fo/]+ c>e ( !     
native gov]nm5ts4 ,few  t[ns ( any      
importance b are built on ! bord]s ( "s 
navigable  riv]1 ( :i* !re are abundance
 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! sw>ms  ( vultures1
 kites1 cr[s1 & ( a l>ge k9d ( but*]    
bird1 /&+  at lea/ six feet high1 call$ 
! argeelah1 add$ to ! imm5se  numb]s (  
p>iah dogs1 g5]ally rov+ at lib]ty1 &   
unackn[l$g$ by any p>ticul> own]2 toge!r
 ) ! multitude (  jackalls1 t patrol    

?r\gh ! cities1 z well z ! pla9s1 dur+  
! night1 all contribute to remove :atev]
 c>rion1 or putresc5t  matt]1 may be    
expos$ to _! rese>*es4    ,x w\ld n1    
p]haps1 be s easy to keep cities 9 a    
/ate ( tol]able  cleanl9ess 9 su* a hot 
climate1 if ! inhabitants subsi/$ on    
but*]s' meat4 ,! %ambles alone w\ld     
prove highly (f5sive3 x is  !re=e       
=tunate t ! natives make rice &         
vegetables _!  pr9cipal food4 ,!re be+  
no privies atta*$ to h\ses 9 g5]al1 is  
an additional b5efit2 ?\gh accompani$ ) 
"s small inconv5i5ce1  x be+ requisite  
to walk to ! outskirts ( ! city1 or1    
ev5tually1  among "s ru9s1 on all       
occasions4 ,! privies ( ! high] ord]s ( 
natives1 & ( ,europeans 9 g5]al1 are    
built on a plan :i* admits  ( in/antly  
remov+ ! fil?2 a practice nev] neglect$ 
by a  s]vant1 ^: (fice consi/s only 9 t 
duty1 & 9 sweep+ !  h\se at v>i\s times 
( ! day4    ,! argeelah1 or but*] bird1 
be=e m5tion$1 is to be se5  p>tially all
 ! ye> r\nd2 b1 g5]ally speak+1 comes ) 

!  fir/ %[]s 9 ,june1 & /ays until !    
cold season is f> advanc$2  :5 x retires
 into ! heavy cov]s on ! bord]s ( ! l>ge
  unfrequ5t$ lakes1 ne> ! m\nta9s1 to   
bre$4 ,?is bird has be5  fully describ$ 
9 ! repres5tation ( ! ,ganges break+ its
 ,banks1  9 my "w entitl$ ! #8,,wild    
,,sports ,,( ,,india1' publi%$ by ,mr4  
,orme1  ( ,new ,bond-/reet1 & by        
,messrs4 ,black1 ,p>ry1 & ,k+sbury1 (   
,lead5hall-/reet4 ,x is by "s call$ !   
bone-eat]1 f its  peculi>ity ( dige/ion2
 x hav+ ! p[] ( swall[+ :ole  jo9ts1 su*
 z a leg ( lamb1 & ( return+ ! bone aft]
 ! meat  has be5 dige/$3 :5 ?us reject$1
 x appe>s z clean z ?\gh x  _h be5 boil$
 = a :ole day4 ,i _c give a bett] idea (
 !  fitness ( ?is bird to eat ( ! mo/   
putrid sub/ances1 ?an by  /at+1 t ,i h  
frequ5tly rubb$ an ounce1 or m1 ( emetic
  t>t> into a piece ( meat1 :i* an      
argeelah has swall[$1 )\t  %ew+ symptoms
 ( uneas9ess on ! occasion1 ?\gh v      
closely  wat*$ = h\rs aft]4 ,f ?is1 x   
may be inf]r$1 t ord9>y  /imulants d n  

disagree ) ! /oma* ( ?is unsightly1 b   
innoc5t1 & useful1 animal4    ,inl& t[ns
 are usually built 9 ! vic9ity ( "s l>ge
 jeel1 or  lake1 or on "s rav9e1 :i*1   
dur+ ! ra9s1 =ms a rapid wat]  c\rse4   
,su* z are ne> to hills1 are (t51 = _m  
days toge!r1  impassable2 ow+ to !      
torr5ts :i*1 ?r\gh _! means1 f9d a way  
ei!r to "s expanse1 or to "s navigable  
riv]1    ,! jeel1 or1 = want ( "o1 !    
tank ne>e/ to ! t[n1 usually  becomes ! 
receptacle ( e ,h9du corpse1 &1 at !    
same "t1  supplies ! inhabitants ) wat] 
= e purpose4 ,"o w\ld ?9k  ?is          
intol]able practice 71 ( itself1        
suffici5t to det] m51 :o  pret5d to !   
utmo/ delicacy & purity 9 all respects1 
f dr9k+  at s contam9at$ & corrupt a    
res]voir4 ,:at !n %all we say1 :5  x is 
kn[n t ! bord]s ( tanks 9 su*           
situations1 become places  ( ease1 :]e  
m51 wom51 & *ildr51 p]=m _! duties to ! 
goddess 9 colloquial association2 & :]e1
 hav+ got rid ( _!  bur!ns1 !y free     
!mselves f its rema9s1 by wa%+ ) ^?  v  

wat]s :5ce1 probably1 ano!r p]son is    
bal+ into 8 pot1 or  lea!r bag1 = cul9>y
 purposes1 or = bev]age4    ,tanks &    
jeels are1 9 almo/ e "p ( ,india1 full (
 ru%es1  & ( ! conf]va1 :i*1 toge!r )   
duck-we$1 docks1 c41 bo?  cov] ! surface
 & fill up ! deeps4 ,!y are1 g5]ally1   
replete  ) small fi%es ( v>i\s          
descriptions1 & if ( any ext5t1 or      
deep1 ei!r h>b\r1 or s]ve z visit+      
places = alligators1 :i*  infe/ bo? !   
runn+ & ! /agnant wat]s 9 e "p ( !      
c\ntry4 ,^! voraci\s animals travel at  
night f "o jeel1 or  tank1 to ano!r2 (t5
 ann\nc+ _! pres5ce by snapp+ up "s     
poor unsuspect+ ,h9du1 :o wades up to 8 
middle = ! purpose (  p]=m+ 8 ablutions1
 & ( (f]+ up ! cu/om>y pray]s on  su*   
occasions4    ,9 _m tanks1 alligators   
are kn[n to exi/ 9 numb]s2 nay1 9 "s    
places1 !y are subsi/$ by ! eleemosyn>y 
donations ( travell]s1  :o disburse a   
trifle 9 money1 or pres5t "s provision  
to a  faque]1 7or m5dicant prie/17 to   
provide food = ! alligators1  :i* come  

=? f ! wat]s1 on he>+ ! well-kn[n voice 
(  _! holy purveyor2 f :om !y seldom    
fail to receive ea* a small  cake (     
meal1 or "s o!r provision4 ,?is         
lib]ality does n1  h[ev]1 occasion any  
qualmi% scruples ( gratitude2 x be+     
f\nd1  t alligators ?us h&somely treat$ 
are n a :it m res]v$ 9  ! application ( 
_! tee? to ba!rs1 c41 ?an ^? :i* h  nev]
 be5 honor$ by su* lib]al consid]ation4 
,! respiration & effluvia proce$+ f an  
animal1 p]haps tw5ty1  or tw5ty-five1   
feet 9 l5g?1 & f six to twelve 9        
circumf]5ce1  mu/ h an effect ^u ev5 a  
l>ge body ( wat]4 ,all[+ t su*  a mon/] 
%\ld consume z mu* air z t5 m51 :i*1    
surely1 is n  an unfair calculation1 & t
 tw5ty gallons ( wat] conta9 "o (  air2 
z a man1 on an av]age1 consumes "o      
gallon ( air 9 a m9ute1  ! alligator mu/
 consume twelve hundr$ gallons1 equal to
 ne> tw5ty  hog%eads1 9 an h\r3 9       
tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ! quantity ( wat]       
contam9at$ by "o alligator w\ld am\nt to
 f\r hundr$ & eighty  hog%eads6    ,f   

?is1 we may conceive ! effect produc$ by
 ! pres5ce (1  p]haps1 sev5 or eight    
alligators 9 a tank n exce$+ two acres 9
  measurem5t1 & no :]e above twelve or  
f\rte5 feet 9 dep?3 we  mu/ likewise    
take into ! acc\nt abundance ( fi%es2 =1
 if t  abundance did n exi/1 !          
alligators w\ld spe$ily decamp4 ,add to 
^! two suffici5t drawbacks1 all t has   
be5 said ( ! impurities  add$ by !      
inhabitants1 & we %all =m su* a nauseat+
 &  un:olesome comb9ation z mu/ cause u 
to wond] h[ ev] "o %\ld  be left to tell
 ! fate ( 8 lo/ fri5ds4    ,amid/ !     
m\nta9s1 :]e1 ( c\rse1 ! inundations _c 
be ( any  duration1 & :]e ! wat]s ( e   
description are limitt$ z to  ext5t2 !  
/reams be+ v small1 &1 except+ a few    
holl[s  betwe5 two hills1 or1 ev5tually1
 a valley1 9 :i* a pool may exi/1       
alligators are to be se54 ,!y are       
g5]ally small1 b ( a v  savage species1 
mak+ up1 by _! rapacity & activity1 = ! 
want  ( t bulk :i* r5d]s ! alligator ( !
 great riv]s m  app>5tly dang]\s4 ,by ! 

t]m #8small1' we mu/ n conclude !m to   
be dim9utive1 b1 t !y r>ely exce$ twelve
 or f\rte5 feet 9  l5g?4 ,su* w1 h[ev]1 
seize a bullock :5 wad+ 9 a tank1 or    
jeel2 /eal+ ^u him ) ! utmo/ caution1 s 
z n to di/urb  ! fluid1 & ev5 keep+ !   
dorsal sp9es depress$ until ! v  mom5t (
 seizure2 :51 fa/5+ ^u ! unw>y animal's 
leg1 &  ?r[+ 8 :ole weight backw>ds2 at 
! same "t sw++ r\nd1 s  =cibly z to     
raise ! great] "p ( 8 disgu/+ frame     
above !  surface1 ! alligator1 by "o    
viol5t ef=t1 :i* appe>s almo/           
in/antane\s1 ord9>ily succe$s 9 dragg+ !
 poor animal into a  suffici5t dep?4    
,pa91 surprize1 & ! unrelax+ bite ( 8   
dev\r]1 comb9e to disable him f mak+ any
 adequate resi/ance2  be+1 besides1 kept
 completely imm]s$ by ! subtle &        
exp]i5c$  assailant1 no m is se51 except
 t ! wat]s appe> = ab\t a  m9ute        
viol5tly agitat$1 by ! ef=ts ( bo?      
p>ties3 ! alligator  is1 h[ev]1 compell$
 to raise 8 head above ! surface :5 9 ! 
act ( deglutition4 ,?is is se5 daily1   

ev5 :5 a fi% becomes !  victim4 ,on ^!  
occasions1 ! /up5d\s animal re>s 9 !    
wat]s1  expos+ sometimes s f> z 8       
%\ld]s1 & ord9>ily bit+ !  fi% 9 two1   
:51 ) ! utmo/ ease1 he swall[s :at w\ld 
make a  he>ty meal = ?irty or =ty m5 (  
ke5 appetite4 ,i h frequ5tly  se5 an    
alligator ?us *uck d[n a rooee1 or riv] 
c>p1 weigh+  f fifty to sixty p\nds3 a  
size by no means uncommon 9 ! great     
riv]s ( ,b5gal6    ,! great use made (  
wat] by ! natives 9 e "p ( ,india1      
occasions an imm5se numb] ( tanks &     
wells to be dug1 *iefly by  p]sons (    
prop]ty1 "u ! pret5ce ( aid+ ! poor]    
classes1  b1 9 fact1 ) ! view to become 
popul>1 or ( transmitt+ _!  names to    
po/]ity by affix+ !m z designations to !
 tank or well  9 "q4 ,?is takes place   
equally 9 reg>d to plantations1  g5]ally
 ( mango trees2 & 9 ! build+ ( s]aies1 =
 !  accommodation ( travell]s1 su* z    
,europeans g5]ally und]/& to  be c>avan 
s]aies2 b t t]m c only apply to ^? p>ts 
(  ,arabia1 c41 t furni% c>avans2 :i*   

are n kn[n 9 ! great  p59sula ( ,india2 
:]e1 on acc\nt ( ! ext5t ( sea-coa/1    
navigation absorbs ! *ief "p ( ! trade4 
,s]aies are usually  kn[n by ! "n1 or   
title1 ( ! f\nd]4 ,?us1 ,m>aud ka ,s]ay 
implies t ! public accommodation = !    
reception ( travell]s  0 f\nd$ by       
,m>aud2 respect+ :om ! p 9 att5dance    
ei!r  h "s traditional acc\nt1 or supply
 a fam\s hi/ory1 inv5t$ =  ! occasion4  
,s]aies are n[ go+ fa/ to decay2 ! p[] (
 ! native pr9ces  has be5 s mu* abridg$1
 & _! influ5ce is s little felt1 t1     
g5]ally speak+1 7 a ri* or exalt$ "* to 
f\nd a s]ay1  ev5 on ! mo/ lib]al foot+1
 x is probable 8 expectation (  immortal
 fame w\ld n be realiz$4 ,! rage is n[ m
 b5t t[>ds  gunges1 or gra9 m>kets2     
hauts1 or villages1 hold+ p]iodical     
m>kets2 maylahs1 or annual fairs2 &1 9  
fact1 to su*  e/abli%m5ts z af=d a      
pr(it1 or :i*1 f becom+ notori\s 9  !   
way ( trade1 are m likely to p]petuate !
 celebrity ( !  in/itution4    ,durgaws1
 7commonly call$ mosques17 app]ta9      

exclusively to ^? (  ! ,mahom$an fai?1 &
 mhuts1 :i* are1 prop]ly1 places ( ,h9du
  wor%ip1 also madressahs1 or colleges1 
) end[m5ts = faque]s1  or ,h9du prie/s1 
seem to hold _! gr\nd4 ,^!1 l ! abbeys (
  ,monki% times1 are ev] to be f\nd 9 ! 
mo/ beautiful & mo/  eligible           
situations3 above all ?+s hav+ a comm& (
 excell5t  wat]4    ,! tanks 9 ! hills1 
t is to say1 su* z h result$ f          
artificial means1 are g5]ally small1    
full ( we$s1 & r>ely l9$  ) masonry2 _! 
banks are s(t1 & ! wat]s1 be+ accessible
 to  cattle on e side1 f\l & turbid4    
,sometimes ^! become ne>ly dry  dur+ !  
hot mon?s1 af=d+1 if any1 a mo/ (f5sive 
&  insalubri\s bev]age4 ,nev]!less1 !   
indol5t native w (t5  dr9k !re(1 r ?an  
s5d half a mile to a pur] spr+4 ,!      
g5]ality ( ^! tanks h orig9ally a regul>
 supply f  numb]less spr+s1 f$ ei!r by a
 natural syphonic process f high]  l&s1 
or by p]colation ( ! pr(use dews t1     
?r\gh\t !  imm5se jungles on ! high]    
soils1 fall dur+ ! hotte/ mon?s2 b  !   

want ( prop] att5tion to pres]ve ! tanks
 f ! incursions  ( cattle1 :i*1 be+ v   
wild 9 _! nature1 (t5 swim or wade  ov] 
to ! opposite sides1 quickly *oak !     
spr+s1 :i*1 9 su*  op5 soils1 easily f9d
 o!r v5ts1 & expose ! inhabitants to    
great  suff]+ f dr\ght4 ,9 _m in/ances  
we see wells dug 9 ! tanks2  !reby caus+
 a great sav+ ( labor2 z1 :5 once a spr+
  dis*>ges into ! tank1 9 su* a         
situation1 x is n necess>y to  dig !    
:ole area to an equal dep?4 ,?is is a   
*eap exp$i5t1 adopt$  by su* z h vanity 
en\gh to attract public notice1 b n     
money  en\gh to d ! ?+ completely1 or to
 a great ext5t4    ,f ^! causes1 we are 
l$ to ! consid]ation ( ^? effects       
produc$ 9 hilly c\ntries1 by ! wat]s 9  
common use4 ,nor are we  deceiv$ 9 our  
expectation z to ! results naturally    
aris+ f s  =cible an ag5t4 ,we f9d      
?r\gh\t ! hilly c\ntry1 t1 exclusive  ( 
! dim9utive features atta*$1 all ov] !  
_w1 to ! v>i\s  classes ( m\nta9e]s1 !re
 is an additional t5d5cy to dep>ture  f 

! ord9>y bulk ( ! natives 9 ! adjac5t l[
 l&s1  obvi\sly induc$ by ! diet1 & mo/ 
especially by ! wat]s 9 use4  ,x is     
rem>kable t 9 ,tom>1 ! back "p (        
,*ittrah1 & ,ramghur1  :]e ! imm5se     
ext5t ( l[ woods almo/ deb>s population1
 &  :]e ! ,hill p1 kn[n by ! "n (       
,dhangahs1 subsi/  pr9cipally on rice1  
wild fruits1 &1 occasionally1 a little  
game1 &  :]e !y dr9k ( wat] su* z has j 
be5 describ$1 collect$  ei!r 9 small    
pools1 or 9 artificial tanks1 !         
inhabitants are  extremely /9t$ 9 _!    
gr[?1 are squalid1 tr\bl$ ) w5s1 half   
dev\r$ ) a k9d ( scurvy1 h]petic        
eruption1 & appe> ev5 at a  v e>ly age  
to lose _! vigor4 ,!y h1 besides1 a     
peculi> k9d  ( op?almia1 p>tly induc$ by
 an excessive passion = liquor1 !re     
di/ill$ 9 l>ge quantities1 & by _!      
exposure to a damp1  impregnat$         
atmosph]e2 :ile 9 _! huts1 _! :ole      
happ9ess seems  to consi/ ( an int5se   
fumigation1 *iefly f gre5-wood1 su* z   
w\ld :olly suffocate "o n habituat$ f 8 

bir? to s admirable  an imitation ( !   
fumes ( ,t>t>us4    ,! diff]5ce betwe5  
^! hagg>d objects1 & ! inhabitants ( !  
pla9s f :i* ! m\nta9s take _! rise1     
requires no comm5t4 ,x  mo/ =cibly      
arre/s ! travell]'s att5tion1 caus+ him 
to d\bt  :e!r1 )9 ! %ort int]val (      
p]haps six or sev5 miles1 he may        
believe 8 s5ses1 :i* p\rtray to him a   
*ange f vigor\s &  p]sonable manhood1 to
 a decrepid1 hide\s1 & dw>fi%1 /ate3 m  
resemblant ( ! ,weird ,si/]s ?an our    
imag9ations c conceive1 or  ?an our be/ 
com$ians c repres5t4    ,"s tanks1 dug  
by ! m *>itable p]sons ( prop]ty1 are on
 a  v ext5sive scale1 cov]+ p]haps t5 or
 twelve acres4 ,_m (  ^! are ( great    
antiquity1 & h be5 v deep1 p]haps ?irty 
feet1 b1 by ! gr[? ( vegetable matt]1   
add$ to ! heavy bodies  ( s& & du/ t    
ne>ly d>k5 ! air 9 ! dry season1 ( :i*  
mu* falls into ! wat]s1 _! dep? is      
consid]ably r$uc$3 9  "s1 v>i\s %oals   
appe>1 indicat+ ! accumulation ( rubbi%1
 &  9 a mann] reproa*+ ^? :o use !      

elem5t ) indol5ce &  +ratitude4 ,9 su*  
places fi% ab\nd1 & gr[ to an a/oni%+   
size1 sometimes af=d+ excell5t angl+1 b 
_! flavor does n  correspond ) _! looks2
 = ! mo/ "p !y are intol]ably  muddy4 ,!
 quantity ( we$s1 ! %oals1 & v>i\s po/s 
be+  g5]ally sunk 9 diff]5t p>ts ( !    
tank1 arm$ ) t5t]-hooks1  = ! purpose ( 
prev5t+ poa*]s f robb+ ! /ock1 are      
insup]able b>s to ! use ( nets4 ,boats  
are n 9 use 9 su*  places1 & !re seems  
to be no att5tion 9 any respect to any  
?+  relat+ to su* wat]s1 except t !     
%ec>ries1 or native  sportsm51 ex]cise  
mu* +5uity & skill 9 _! depr$ations     
among  ! wild geese1 wild ducks1 teal1  
widgeons1 c41 ) :i* all !  wat]s (      
,india are pr(usely /ock$ dur+ ! w9t]   
mon?s2 :5  e unfrequ5t$ puddle is cov]$ 
) wild f[l1 :i* (t5 alight  dur+ ! d>k  
nights on wat]s situat$ 9 ! v he>ts (   
cities1  9 :i* sometimes tanks are se5 (
 su* size1 z to secure ! birds1  :5     
collect$ ne> ! c5tre1 f ! rea* ( small  
%ot4 ,?is1  ?\gh n to be class$ ) daily 

occurr5ces1 is by no means  s+ul>4      
,by f> ! great] numb] ( tanks1          
especially ^? by ! road-side1  or       
contigu\s to cities & popul\s t[ns1 are 
wall$ 9 ) masonry4  ,9 su* case1 !y h at
 "o1 or m sides1 ei!r a long slope1 or a
  flight ( /eps ( excell5t masonry2 "s1 
inde$1 h bo?1 !  =m] be+ int5d$ = ! use 
( cattle1 :i* are ei!r suff]$  to dr9k  
!re1 or are employ$ to c>ry l>ge lea!r  
bags ( wat] =  ! use ( ! inhabitants4   
,ow+ to ! great =ce ( ! p]iodical  ra9s1
 & to ! swell+ ( ! soil dur+ ! season ( 
excessive  moi/ure1 ! masonry is g5]ally
 bur/ 9 v>i\s places1 & = !  mo/ "p ei!r
 s9ks1 or is pro/rat$ into ! tank4 ,z no
 cr$it  w\ld foll[ ! repairs ( su*      
brea*es1 !y are left to _! fate4    ,a  
due att5tion to ! prop] proportion (    
base1 s z to give a  sub/antial talus   
bo? )9 & )\t ! walls1 add$ to !         
precaution ( leav+ v5ts = ! free dis*>ge
 ( ! spr+s1 or  ! sup]-abundant fluid1  
into ! tank1 w\ld mo/ assur$ly c\nt]act 
s de/ructive a weakness z n[ g5]ally    

exi/s4 ,i _c call to  m9d1 at ?is "t1   
any v old masonry t has n succomb$      
!reto1  except+ ! great bund1 or dyke1  
at ,juanpore2 :i*1 accord+ to           
tradition1 0 built ab\t fifte5 hundr$   
ye>s ago1 & hav+ be5  made ( a v        
obdurate k9d ( kunkur1 f\nd 9 ^? p>ts1  
bl5d$  ) excell5t lime1 probably burnt f
 ! same /ones1 appe>s n[ a  complete    
mass ( rock1 capable ( resi/+ ! ravages 
( all "t to  come4 ,?is bund1 :i* be>s  
all ! v5]able m>ks ( antiquity1 0       
orig9ally ?r[n up to limit ! ,goomty2 a 
f9e riv] t rises 9 !  ,peelabeet c\ntry1
 &1 wa%+ ,luckn[1 ! capital ( ,oude1    
passes  ?r\gh ! city ( ,juanpore "u a v 
l(ty bridge1 built on /rong  pi]s1      
t]m9at+ 9 go?ic ar*es4 ,! want ( due    
bread? 9 !  ar*es occasions ! wat]s to  
rise dur+ ! ra9y season to an  imm5se   
height1 creat+ a fall ( :i* t at ,london
 ,bridge1 at its  wor/1 is inde$ b a    
poor epitome6 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! top ( 
!  bridge & ! wat] bel[ x1 9 ! dry      
season1 is some?+ less ?an  sixty feet2 

yet x is on record1 & 9 ! memory ( _m   
inhabitants  ( ,juanpore1 t ! riv] has  
be5 s full z to run ov] ! bridge1  :i*  
is flat f "o end to ! o!r1 ly+ level    
betwe5 two high  banks1 di/ant ab\t ?ree
 hundr$ & tw5ty y>ds4    ,=m]ly1 :5 !   
wat]s 7 high1 !y us$1 accord+ to !      
tradition allud$ to1 to ov]-run ! c\ntry
 on ! left bank2 =m+  an imm5se         
inundation ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry ly+ ea/ (   
,juanpore1 &  ext5d+ d[n t[>ds ! f]tile 
pla9s ( ,gazypore4 ,! holl[1 or  l[ l&1 
by :i* !y p5etrat$1 0 ab\t two miles 9  
wid?2  !re=e ! bund 0 built to a        
suitable ext5t3 x is n[ ab\t two  miles 
& a half long2 9 mo/ p>ts1 ab\t ?irty   
feet broad at !  top1 & d\ble t wid? at 
! base4 ,its height v>ies f t5 to  tw5ty
 feet4 ,! record /ates x to h prov$     
effectual 9 resi/+  ! inundation1 :i*1  
h[ev]1 on acc\nt ( ! bund be+ at "r     
angles ) ! riv]1 s z to occupy a        
favorable position1 & cut (f  ! torr5t1 
cont9u$ to fl[ annually z f> z its base4
 ,9 "t1 !  s$im5t deposit$ by ! wat] ?us

 r5d]$ /agnant1 fill$ up !  holl[1 rais+
 its surface z high z ! o!r p>ts ( !    
riv]'s  b\nd>y1 & creat+ a soil         
peculi>ly valuable1 n[ *iefly occupi$   
by indigo plant]s4 ,! insalubrity       
occasion$ by ! _m swamps left  by !     
inundation1 0 at ! same "t av]t$1 & !   
dread  ent]ta9$ t ! ,goomty w\ld1 9 "t1 
=ce a new *annel = !  entire body ( its 
/ream1 remov$4 ,l>ge tracts1 be=e (     
little  value1 acquir$ a deep /aple (   
soil1 :i*1 at ?is date1 yields  sug>1   
indigo1 :eat1 b>ley1 c41 9 abundance &  
p]fection4    ,! rage = digg+ tanks1    
has1 ,i appreh5d1 9 a c]ta9 measure1    
subsid$2 = we f9d little ( t v absurd   
o/5tation n[  preval5t1 :i* mu/ h       
actuat$ to su* imm5se works1 r5d]$      
useless by _! too great numb]1 or c>ri$ 
to an excess 9 reg>d to  _! measurem5t4 
,x w\ld be1 p]haps1 difficult to ascribe
 to any  o!r motive ?an t ( unp>allel$  
vanity1 :y a man %\ld h dug  ne> sev5ty 
tanks1 all ne>ly contigu\s1 on a pla9 n 
_m miles  di/ant f ! milit>y /ation (   

,burragong1 9 ! di/rict (  ,sirc>       
,s>ung1 situate betwe5 ! ,gunduc & !    
,gogra4 ,! population  did n require m  
?an "o tank2 especially z a /ream (     
tol]ably  good wat] passes )9 a few     
hundr$ y>ds ( ! site ( ^!  (fspr+s (    
o/5tation4 ,! inhabitants tell v>i\s    
/ories z to  ! p]son :o lavi%$ 8 money 9
 ?is empty mann]2 &1 7:i*  w\ld1 no     
d\bt1 vex ! real prodigal to 8 v he>t17 
! mod]n  n>rators diff] widely ev5 z to 
! "n & rank ( ! individual6    ,)       
respect to s]aies1 we may1 at lea/1     
praise ! conv5i5ce !y  af=d1 )\t be/[+  
mu* admiration on ! *>ity ( _!  f\nd]s4 
,"s ( ^! are v ext5sive1 cov]+1 p]haps1 
six or  eight acres4 ,!y g5]ally consi/ 
( a quadrangle1 built across !  road1   
:i* passes "u two l(ty ar*$ gateways1   
hav+ battlem5ts1  or turrets1 ov] !m4 ,!
 gates op5 to an ext5t suffici5t to all[
  any lad5 elephant1 h[ev] /up5d\s1 to  
pass freely4 ,!y are made (  /rong wood1
 well b\nd ) iron1 & /udd$ ) iron       
spikes1 (  :i* ! po9ts are on ! outside2

 = ! purpose ( prev5t+  elephants f =c+ 
!m by pressure4 ,! surr\nd+ walls ( !   
quadrangle are g5]ally ab\t f\rte5 feet 
9 height1 & f two to  f\r 9 ?ickness1   
accord+ ei!r to ! antiquity ( ! build+1 
or  to ! p>simony ( ! build]4 ,!y are   
l9$ all ar\nd ) a %$1  built on pill>s1 
& divid$ by mats1 c41 into v>i\s        
ap>tm5ts1 all  %elt]$ f ! sun & ra9 by  
means ( doors1 c41 ( bamboos1  mats1    
grass1 c41 z ! c\ntry may af=d2 or1     
ev5tually1 a "p is  built up ) ?9 brick1
 or ) mud4    ,9 ! c5tral p>ts ( ! s]ay 
!re are g5]ally "s %ops1  rang$ on ea*  
side ( ! road1 & "o build+ appropriat$  
to !  cutwal1 or sup]9t5dant ( ! place2 
^: (fice is1 prop]ly1 to  regulate all  
matt]s1 & to see t travell]s are duty   
accommodat$2  t ! byte>ahs1 or cooks1   
dress _! victuals1 & t !  *okey-d>s take
 due *>ge ( ! goods consign$ to _! c>e4 
,all  ?is1 h[ev]1 is done 9 a slov5ly   
way2 ! greate/ impositions are  (t5     
practis$2 & ! it9]ant j\rnies on f "o   
sc5e (  ?ievi% comb9ation to ano!r4     

,al?\gh a s]ay may be built ne> to a    
riv]1 or to "s suffici5t  /ream1 yet !re
 is inv>iably a well1 ord9>ily l9$ )    
circul>  tiles1 or masonry1 9 ! area4 ,!
 wat] is drawn f su* wells1 =  ! mo/ "p1
 by means ( a truck-pulley1 susp5d$     
betwe5 ! limbs  ( a =k$ b\gh cut = !    
purpose1 & hav+ a wood5 p9 ?r\gh  x z an
 axle4 ,ea* p]son draws 8 own wat]1 & = 
t purpose  c>ries a l9e1 g5]ally ab\t   
tw5ty feet long4 ,few inde$ travel1  ev5
 on foot1 )\t a lootah1 or brass        
wat]-vessel2 ( :i* !re  are v>i\s sizes1
 f a p9t1 to half a gallon2 a tully1 or 
flat  brass plate1 ) a bord] ab\t an in*
 high1 ne>ly p]p5dicul>2 &  a cuttorah1 
or metal cup4 ,"s ev5 c>ry _! daikhees1 
or metal  boil]s2 ?\gh1 9 g5]al1 !y     
pur*ase = a f>?+1 or1 at !  utmo/1 = a  
halfp5ny1 a new e>!n pot1 capable (     
hold+ p]haps  ?ree qu>ts1 or a gallon1 )
 a lid ( ! same1 9 :i*1 if !y d  n int5d
 to employ ! p ( ! s]ay1 !y dress _! own
  victuals2 leav+ ! crock]y1 :i* no "o  
else w use1 x be+  consid]$ z pollut$4  

,! wat] ( wells 9 ! s]aies1 or 9 popul\s
 t[ns1 is c]ta9ly  f> fre%] & bett] ?an 
is to be _h1 9 g5]al1 f small riv]s4  ,b
 mu* w dep5d on ! soil1 ! l9+ ( ! well1 
its dep?1  &1 inde$1 on its wid?4 ,a    
quick draught necess>ily insures a      
pl5tiful fl[1 & prev5ts corruption f any
 impurity t may  casually fall 9 f      
above4 ,at a c]ta9 dep? !re is usually  
f\nd a  /ratum ( s&2 ?is is rem>kably   
f9e1 &1 9 "s places1 reta9s  su* a l>ge 
portion ( fluid z to become a p]fect    
quicks&4 ,9 _m  p>ts1 & especially 9 !  
,ramghur di/rict1 :i*1 on an av]age1 may
  be a ?\s& feet or m above ! level     
c\ntry1 ?is sub-/ratum  pres5ts a mo/   
s]i\s difficulty 9 ! s9k+ ( wells4    ,(
 ?is ,i exp]i5c$ two in/ances 9 my own  
practice1 :i* gave me  mu* tr\ble4 ,hav+
 to s9k a well 9 ! corn] ( a g>d51 &    
wi%+ to avoid ! exp5ce & delay att5dant 
on masonry1 ,i cut a  squ>e %aft1 & w5t 
on admirably until ,i came to a tremul\s
 body (  s&4 ,nev] hav+ met ) a quicks& 
at su* a dep?1 !n ab\t  tw5ty-f\r feet f

 ! surface1 & on s elevat$ a table l&1  
!re be+ no hills ne>] ?an two miles1 &  
^? be+ sep>at$ by  deep vallies1 9 :i* 7
 runn+ /reams1 ,i 0 some:at  disconc]t$4
 ,i felt ! :ole ( ! difficulty1 b       
necessity urg$ me  to proce$4 ,! well 0 
to be l9$ ) logs ( ab\t sev5 feet long1 
& ab\t eight in*es diamet]2 !y 7 not*$  
at ea* end1 s t  two1 be+ plac$ p>allel 
at five feet di/ance1 & two o!rs be+    
laid ov] _! ends1 ! f\r made a          
quadrangle1 :i*1 by means ( !  not*es1  
came ne>ly to a level1 & lock$ v firmly 
into ea* o!r4  ,hav+ prep>$ abundance ( 
^! logs1 ,i comm5c$ my op]ations1 by    
affix+ a pulley ov] ! well = ! purpose (
 l[]+ !m d[n to  a labor] :o /ood on a  
bo>d slung f f\r /akes at ! br9k (  !   
%aft2 = he c\ld n /& on ! s&1 :i*1 :5 ! 
surface  0 brok51 in/antly became loose 
& liquid4 ,! f\r fir/ logs 7  sc>cely   
plac$ be=e _! own weight began to s9k   
!m1 sc>cely  all[+ "t to put on f\r o!rs
 be=e !y disappe>$4 ,i p]ceiv$  my      
error1 & imm$iately _h ! o!r logs all   

wrapp$ r\nd )  /raw-rope ( ab\t an in* 9
 diamet]2 :]eby !y became m  buoyant1 & 
resi/$ ! liquesc5ce ( ! s& m p[]fully1  
by  _! encrease ( diamet]4 ,z a         
f\ndation1 ,i p9n$ ! f\r fir/1  =m+ !   
prim>y lay]1 /rongly at _! sev]al       
corn]s2 s t  !y made a fix$ frame4 ,! "w
 n[ w5t on m]rily1 b x 0 )  ! utmo/     
difficulty ,i c\ld supply ! logs fa/    
en\gh1 ! s&  remov$ by _! admission rose
 s v rapidly4 ,be+ det]m9$ to  ov]come !
 difficulty1 ,i let d[n full tw5ty r\nds
 ( logs1 equal to  ab\t sev5te5 feet1 :5
 ,i _h ! pleasure to see no m w\ld s9k3 
! s& 0 excavat$1 & ,i f\nd1 t1 al?\gh 9 
"o or two places  int]vals ( two or ?ree
 in*es _h tak5 place1 yet1 on ! :ole1 ,i
  0 able to boa/ ( bett] success ?an ,i 
expect$4 ,by degrees1 ,i got  ! logs    
settl$ 9 _! places1 7a "w ( s]i\s       
labor17 & always  _h wat] en\gh = e     
cul9>y purpose1 b n = a l>ge g>d51  :i* 
requir$ ample irrigation daily dur+ !   
hot season2 fur!r1 a  quantity 0        
indisp5sably requisite = wett+ !        

tatties1 or  frames appli$ dur+ t season
 to ! doors & w9d[s1 to keep my  h\se   
cool4    ,my well appe>$ full ( wat] up 
to ! top ( ! quicks&1 b x  0 a p]fect   
deception3 ! s& fill$ up ! %aft 9 !     
c\rse (  ?ree or f\r days1 ?\gh empti$  
to ! v bottom1 :i* 0 a h>d  r$ clay4    
,f9d+ t m exp5ce 0 incurr$ by ! p]petual
 necessity =  s5d+ m5 d[n to empty out !
 s&1 ,i resolv$ to adopt ! old  cu/om ( 
l9+ ! well ) masonry2 & hav+ got all    
cle> to !  b$ ( clay1 into :i* ,i sunk a
 /\t frame1 ne> a foot & a half  deep1  
,i w5t on ) _s = a :ole day1 9 :i* ne>  
two y>ds (  wall 7 built up3 b1 dur+ !  
night1 ! bal]s w5t to sleep1 &  ,i f\nd 
! :ole imm]s$ 9 ! morn+4 ,z ! s& & wat] 
7  empti$1 ! draft 0 s great z to wa% ! 
lime f betwe5 !  bricks1 & ,i 0 compell$
 to take all out aga94 ,x !n occurr$ to 
me to h bricks made 9 ! =m ( ! fru/um ( 
a pyramid1 s z to  fit exactly 9 a      
circle ( two feet & a half 9 diamet]    
int]nally1  & ( f\r feet ext]nally4 ,^! 
7 laid on ! frame1 :i* ,i n[  buri$ a   

full y>d 9 ! clay3 betwe5 ! bricks ,i   
put abundance (  dry lime1 rubb+ !m     
close toge!r1 &1 ) ! clay1 all !        
int]val betwe5 ! masonry & ! wood5 frame
 0 fill$ up4 ,two  workm5 7 employ$ all 
night2 "o 9 ! well1 :o ladl$ ! wat]  f !
 f\r corn]s into a bucket1 :i* ! o!r    
rais$ to !  surface3 none wor?y ( notice
 got )9 ! circul> masonry1 & ,i  _h !   
satisfaction1 9 ab\t a week1 to see !   
:ole complet$4  ,suffici5t wat] f\nd its
 way ?r\gh ! crevices1 to keep me       
suppli$1 & ! s& gave s little tr\ble1 t1
 dur+ a :ole ye>  t ,i occupi$ !        
premises1 no cle>ance 0 necess>y4       
,?is digression may appe> irrelevant to 
! subject2 b ,i c\ld n  =be> giv+ ! fact
 a place "h1 z x possibly may prove an  
useful  guide to o!rs :o may be "u      
simil> disadvantages4 ,x is curi\s1  t a
 v l>ge well1 ( ab\t twelve feet        
diamet]1 0 comm5c$ at  ! same "t by a   
bro!r (fic]1 )9 a hundr$ y>ds ( m9e1    
:i* w5t on admirably1 & 0 f9i%$ 9 a v   
%ort "t4 ,he _h  no quicks& oppos$ to 8 

labors2 on ! contr>y1 8 great           
difficulty lay 9 cutt+ ?r\gh two /rata (
 rock1 f :i* only a  few dribblets      
appe>$ :ile ! well 0 l9+ ) masonry2 b1 s
  soon z ! ra9y season set 91 ^? rocks  
prev5t$ ! desc5t (  ! moi/ure1 :i*1 be+ 
by !m direct$ to ! well1 ru%$ 9 su*  a  
viol5t mann] aga9/ ! masonry1 z to =ce  
out _m /ones3  creat+ a fissure :i*1 9 a
 few weeks1 prov$ fatal to ! :ole (  !  
"w4 ,a h&some well1 ) a ri* spr+ issu+ f
 a gravelly  bottom1 0 ?us ru9$1 & !    
/ation 0 aga9 subject$ to mu*           
inconv5i5ce = :at we (t5 _h 9 too lib]al
 abundance4    ,! natives ?r\gh\t ,india
 h a great respect = su* p]sons z  plant
 mango topes 7or woods74 ,^! are1 9     
g5]al1 manag$ )  great c>e1 ! trees be+ 
set at regul> di/ances ea* way1 =m+     
p>allel vi/as bo? l5g?wise & bread?wise3
 ! wid? ( :i* are  equal ea* way1 & v>y+
 f tw5ty to =ty feet4 ,:5 fir/  plant$1 
!y are well enclos$ ) a dit* & bank1    
suffici5t to  prev5t cattle f do+       
mis*ief to ! "y trees1 :i* are also     

wat]$ at int]vals dur+ ! dry season1    
g5]ally ?r\gh ! means  ( a well1 dug at 
! exp5ce ( ! plant] on "o side ( ! tope4
  ,if ! proprietor be ri*1 ! well is    
usually l>ge1 l9$ )  masonry1 & furni%$ 
) ci/]ns ( ! same1 or ( hewn /one1 s  t 
cattle may be refre%$ 9 numb]s2 two     
pill>s ( masonry1 or (  sub/antial wood1
 are erect$2 ea* support+ ! end ( a     
timb]1  /ret*+ across ! well at ab\t    
five feet above ! br9k4 ,on ?is  timb]1 
a %ieve ( wood is fix$1 ) "o or m       
grooves = !  reception ( ! cord us$ 9   
draw+ wat]4    ,! fir/-fruits (         
plantations are1 ) few exceptions1      
consid]$ z  app]ta9+ to ! tutel>y deity 
( ! plant]1 & are t5d]$ to  him z (f]+s 
on ! "p ( ! tope4 ,! prie/s :o (ficiate 
on  ^! augu/ occasions1 commonly f9d    
means to save ! sacr$ "*  ( _! invisible
 patron f any suspicion ( gluttony1 by  
tak+ ^u  !mselves ! tr\blesome (fice (  
proxy1 on ?is & e occasion  :]e9        
ma/ication is ne$ful4    ,on _m ( !     
great roads1 su* z t lead+ f ,b5>es to !

  upp] /ations1 we f9d v l>ge wells1    
conv5i5tly situat$ ne>  "s %elt]1 ?\gh1 
p]haps1 di/ant f any t[n3 occasionally1 
a  hut or two may be erect$ 9 ! vic9ity1
 = ! resid5ce ( a  bunneah1 7or k9d (   
*&l]17 or = a v5d] ( spirits4 ,"s (  ^! 
wells are furni%$ ) v>i\s sets ( pill>s 
& %ieves1 v  sub/antial 9 _!            
con/ruction2 s z to be> ! weight ( a    
lea!r  bag1 =m$ by /it*+ ! edges ( a    
:ole hide1 trimm$ ( its  sup]flu\s      
angles1 c41 to an iron hoop ( ab\t a    
foot & a half 9  diamet]3 by means ( two
 ar*$ irons1 rivett$ at _! cross+ 9  !  
middle by a swivel & loop1 ! bag1 or    
moot1 is manag$ 9 !  same way z a bucket
 9 ,europe4 ,_m ( ^! moots are capable (
  conta9+1 at lea/1 half a hog%ead4 ,!y 
reta9 ! wat] m  /eadily 9 asc5d+1 ?an   
any vessel ^: sides are fix$ & firm2  &1
 z !y are drawn into a ci/]n1 or ov] a  
b$ made holl[ =  _! reception1 above !  
br9k ( ! well1 no great ex]tion is      
requir$ 9 empty+ !m2 ! wat]s dis*>g+    
volunt>ily :5 !  moot is suff]$1 by !   

slack5+ ( ! rope1 to t\* ! bottom  ( !  
b$1 or ci/]n4    ,x may reasonably be   
inf]r$1 t su* a weight ( wat] z may be  
conta9$ 9 an ord9>y ox or c[ hide1 ?\gh 
( small gr[?1 mu/ be  m ?an manual /r5g?
 c\ld well manage2 especially z ! pulley
 is  extremely small1 r>ely m ?an six or
 sev5 in*es 9 diamet]1  ne>ly z mu* 9   
wid?1 & mov+ on a rude piece ( wood = an
 axis2  ( :i*1 probably1 ne>ly half has 
be5 lo/ by ! excessive friction  s      
unf9i%$1 & ill proportion$1 a piece (   
ma*9]y mu/ occasion4  ,n "o 9 a ?\s& ev]
 is lubricat$1 b ! hole 9 ! %ieve is    
g5]ally adequate to ! admission ( an    
axis treble ! size ( t  9 use2 :5ce !   
pulley mu/ jump f "o inequality to      
ano!r2  creat+1 at e su* transition1 a  
*eck ( "s consequ5ce to t  p[] :5ce x   
d]ives its motion4    ,to draw wat] by  
means ( ! moot1 two m5 & a pair ox5 are 
requisite3 ! size ( ! moot be+          
proportion$ to ! bulk ( !  cattle1 :i*  
are yok$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 draw+ by     
means ( !  rope fa/5$ r\nd ! c5tre ( !  

yoke1 & pass+ betwe5 !m4  ,! /r5g? ( !  
ox5 is aid$ v consid]ably1 by ! pa? !y  
foll[ be+ on a declivity2 s t1 9 proce$+
 f ! well1 z  !y draw up ! moot1 !y     
desc5d a talus1 or slope1 ( :i* !  angle
 may v>y f fifte5 to tw5ty-five degrees3
 ! driv]  frequ5tly seats himself on !  
yoke1 to encrease ! weight act+ 9       
opposition to ! moot4    ,! quantity (  
e>? d]iv$ f ! %aft ( ! well1 r>ely      
suffices to give ! talus suffici5t      
slope1 !re=e1 "o half !  l5g? ( !       
bullock's track 7:i* is regulat$ by !   
l5g? ( !  rope1 & may usually measure   
ab\t tw5ty-five y>ds7 is sunk 9 !       
gr\nd1 & ! height ne> ! well rais$ ) !  
proce$s ( !  excavation4 ,?is ensures a 
suffici5t addition to ! en]gies ( !     
cattle 9 desc5d+3 :i* !y d ) great      
effect1 :5 goad$ by  ! driv]4 ,arriv+ at
 ! bottom ( ! slope1 or :5 ! moot is    
rais$ above ! surface ( ! well1 ! cattle
 /op1 & ! man 9  att5dance at ! br9k    
draws ! moot ov] ! b$1 or ci/]n1 :i*  is
 made to project ov] ab\t "o-?ird ( !   

well4    ,"s ( ! wells se5 at ! sides ( 
! great roads1 measure fifte5  or sixte5
 feet 9 diamet]1 & h slopes cut out ( ! 
soil1 l9$  on ea* side ) masonry1 t lead
 to an op5+ 9 ! well's  circumf]5ce1 ne>
 to ! ord9>y level ( ! wat]2 :i*1 9 !   
dry season1 is g5]ally )9 v n>r[ limits4
 ,ne> ! op5+1 we  sometimes see an iron 
ladle fa/5$ by means ( a *a94 ,?is      
conv5i5ce is1 = ! mo/ "p1 held sacr$1 & 
he w\ld1 9 ^?  p>ts1 be consid]$ a      
consummate villa91 t w\ld pilf] "o f    
its place ( security4 ,b1 f _m obvi\s   
m>ks ( viol5ce1 we mu/  suppose t !re   
are m5 s deprav$ z to /eal ^! *a9s &    
ladles1 :5 necessity may press !m to    
take advantage ( a fair  opportunity4   
,we %\ld naturally conclude1 t wells    
f\nd$ on su* a pr9ciple1 9  a climate   
:]e excessive heats prevail = ?ree      
mon?s1 at lea/1  w\ld be invaluable4 ,b 
!y really are little us$2 _! surfaces   
are1 9 g5]al1 cov]$ ) duck-we$1 & !y    
r>ely are defici5t  ( an ample colony ( 
frogs4 ,:]e huts are built ne> !m1 _!   

wat]s be+ r less /agnant1 are1 ( c\rse1 
m :olesome1 z  well z m palatable3 !    
encampm5t ( a regim5t 9 _!  neighb\rhood
 soon sweet5s !m4    ,"s are r5d]$ f\l  
by _! conta9+ fi%4 ,x w\ld be difficult 
to acc\nt = fi% be+ !re1 unless !y fall 
) ! heavy %[]s  att5dant ^u ^? viol5t   
squalls call$ nor?-we/]s1 dur+ !  hot   
season1 :5 multitudes ( small fry h be5 
occasionally f\nd1  ev5 on ! tops (     
h\ses1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,"s     
ass]t  t _m h be5 f\nd alive3 ,i h se5  
"s ly+ dead2 once1 9  p>ticul>1 ne>     
,allahabad1 aft] a v heavy %[] ( ra94 ,x
 does  n appe> possible1 t1 ev5 if suck$
 up by a wat]-sp\t1 &  imm$iately       
return$ ) ! ra91 !y c\ld survive !      
rapidity (  ! asc5t1 & ! =ce ) :i* !y   
fall4    ,x is rem>kable1 t only ?ree   
k9ds ( fi% are ev] se5 9 wells2  viz4 ! 
solee1 :i*1 9 a great measure1 resembles
 our pike1 &  is equally rav5\s2 !      
gurrye1 or mud-fi%1 v simil> 9 =m to    
our mill]'s ?umb2 & ! s+nee1 or         
bayonet-fi%1 s call$ f  its hav+ ?ree   

t]rible sp9es 9 its dorsal & lat]al f9s1
 !  w\nds made by :i* are1 g5]ally1 v   
sev]e4 ,?is fi% has a  purpli% sk91 )\t 
scales1 is ?9 l a sub/antial pork knife1
  & has a broad flat head4 ,l ! gurrye1 
x is f\nd only among mud  & slime1 :]e9 
x works v nimbly4 ,bo? species c live a 
long  :ile 9 moi/ mud2 z is prov$ by _! 
be+ f\nd 9 rec5t puddles1  :]e wat] _h  
=m]ly be5 dri$ up4 ,x is rem>kable1 t   
bo? !  gurrye & ! s+nee are v sweet     
eat+1 & are nev] muddy2  ! latt] 9      
p>ticul>4    ,if we except ^? small     
/reams t come d[n f m\nta9s  conta9+    
ores1 :i* mu/1 ( c\rse1 impregnate !    
wat]s 9 ^?  p>ts1 ! catalogue ( m9]al   
spr+s1 z yet discov]$ 9 ,b5gal1  & !    
subord9ate /ations "u t presid5cy1 w be 
f\nd v  conf9$ inde$4 ,possibly1 numb]s 
may exi/ t are n g5]ally  kn[n2 & ?is ,i
 am ! m apt to believe1 f hav+ myself   
discov]$ "o )9 a few y>ds ( ! road on ! 
we/ bank ( !  ,mahana1 a small riv] :i* 
rises among ! hills ne> !               
,catcums&y-pass 9 ! ,ramghur di/rict4 ,!

 riv] be+ mu* swell$  by heavy ra9s1 ,i 
0 compell$ to wait until x subsid$      
suffici5tly  to admit ( my be+ convey$  
ov] on a raft made ( pots4    ,! m9]al  
wat] above m5tion$ w\ld1 v probably1 h  
escap$ my  notice1 _h ,i n be5 attract$ 
by a nause\s smell1 & ! black  greasy   
appe>ance ( ! soil :5ce x issu$4 ,!     
flavor 0 soapy1  b /rongly sulphuric2 & 
a slight scum1 :i* appe>$ to rise )  !  
spr+1 0 peculi>ly acrid4 ,i d n believe 
x 0 ev] analyz$1  b %\ld conjecture x to
 h proce$$ f a b$ compos$ (  sulphur &  
bitum52 especially z coals are f\nd )9 t
 di/rict4    ,!re is a v rem>kable      
hot-spr+ at a place call ,seetah-,coon1 
)9 ?ree miles ( ! =t ( ,monghyr4 ,?is1 x
 appe>s1 has be5  kn[n = ages1 x is ab\t
 twelve or f\rte5 feet squ>e1 & may be  
f sev5 to eight feet deep 9 ! middle3 t1
 h[ev]1 mu/ be  tak5 z a computation2 ! 
sides be+ ( masonry1 %elv+ 9 greatly1  &
 ! bottom n rem>kably cle> ( we$s1 c4 ,!
 wat] is v hot3  x 0 ) great difficulty 
,i c\ld keep my f+] imm]s$ dur+ !  "t ,i

 c\nt$ "o hundr$ & five2 & t1 too1 r    
ha/ily1 x  be+ = a wag]4 ,my f+]1 f> f  
be+ ! bett] = my  curiosity1 0 slightly 
bli/]$4 ,i h se5 an egg mod]ately poa*$ 
at ?is spr+1 & h he>d t "o 0 boil$ 9 x2 
b1 ,i  appreh5d1 n to any degree (      
firmness4    ,! mo/ complete pro( t a   
l>ge portion ( caloric is conta9$ 9  ?is
 spr+1 may be collect$ f ! melan*oly    
fact1 ( an artill]y  soldi]1 :o1 9 ! ye>
 #aggg1 attempt+ to swim across1 0      
scald$  9 su* a mann] z to expire %ortly
 aft] be+ tak5 out4    ,! natives1 :o   
judge by appe>ances1 &1 probably1 are   
guid$ 9 ?is  p>ticul> f ! encreas$      
quantity ( vap\r t appe>s dur+ !  w9t]  
to rise f ! spr+1 affirm1 t ! wat] is !n
  consid]ably hott] ?an at any o!r      
season4 ,! fallacy ( su* an  op9ion is  
easily detect$1 & has1 inde$1 be5 prov$3
 sev]al  g5tlem5 h be5 at ! tr\ble (    
keep+ a regi/] ( its daily  v>iations1  
:i* 7 f\nd to be extremely small4 ,i    
c\ld n ass]t  myself to be correct 9    
/at+ its av]age degree ( heat1 hav+     

mislaid my memor&a on t head2 b1 to !   
be/ ( my memory1 !  temp]ature lay      
betwe5 #adj & #afj ( ,fahr5heit4    ,?is
 well1 ( :i* ! wat]s are consid]$       
rem>kably :olesome1  /&s on ! bord]s ( a
 small plantation ( 7,i believe mango7  
trees2  ne> to ?ree or f\r o!r wells1 ( 
:i* ! wat]s are cold1 &  h n any        
di/+ui%+ quality4 ,! r$undant wat] f !  
hot  well af=ds a /ream1 ^: section may 
be equal to ?irty squ>e  in*es2 x passes
 into a l>ge m>%1 ( at lea/ tw5ty acres1
 close to  ! plantation1 :]e x n\ri%es a
 great v>iety ( aquatic plants1  t appe>
 to gr[ ) m ?an ord9>y vigor4    ,! same
 neglig5ce 9 reg>d to botany & natural  
hi/ory1 :i*  appe>s to op]ate ?r\gh\t   
,india1 7if we except ! lab\rs ( a few  
zeal\s individuals1 among :om1 ,capta9  
,t4 ,h>dwicke1 ( ! ,b5gal  ,artill]y2   
,dr4 ,roxburgh1 ,sup]9t5dant ( !        
,botanic ,g>d5 at  ,calcutta2 ,dr4      
,bruce1 =m]ly ,physician to ! ,nabob (  
,oude2 & ,dr4  ,william ,hunt]1 ( !     
,b5gal ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t2 are ! mo/     

conspicu\s17 seems to op]ate aga9/      
enquiry into v>i\s important  matt]s    
relat+ to ! m9]al wat]s2 :i*1 ,i d\bt n1
 w\ld be  f\nd 9 abundance1 7 ei!r ! co/
 ( rese>* s mod]ate z to  p]mit active  
individuals to explore ! va/ regions ^: 
v  b\nd>ies are1 z yet1 sc>cely kn[n2   
or1 7 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india  to defray ! 
exp5ce ( a few capable m51 ^: "t %\ld be
 :olly  devot$ to an enquiry into :atev]
 might app]ta9 to botany1  m9]alogy1    
natural hi/ory1 & ! v>i\s bran*es ( k on
  :i* *emi/ry & physic dep5d4 ,!        
disbursem5t c\ld n be felt2  :ile1 n    
only w\ld ! _w at l>ge be b5efitt$1 b1  
possibly1  "s new articles ( trade1 or =
 manufacture1 might be discov]$2  :]eby 
ev5 ! ,company itself w\ld d]ive ^?     
solid advantages to  :i*1 on mo/        
occasions1 !y direct ! att5tion ( _!    
s]vants4    ,su* has be5 ! neglig5ce    
%ewn 9 reg>d to ! hot well at ,monghyr1 
t1 al?\gh x /&s )9 two miles ( !        
,ganges1 is n m  ?an ?ree miles f ! ,=t 
( ,monghyr1 7a gr& dept = /ores1        

g>rison$ by upw>ds ( two ?\s& invalids17
 & is 9 ! direct  track f ,calcutta to !
 upp] prov9ces2 nay1 al?\gh ! wat]s (   
?is well are s5t = f all p>ts ( !       
c\ntry1 & =m1  frequ5tly1 a "p ( ! /ock 
( p]sons1 especially ladies1 go+ to     
sea2 = :i* purpose x is bottl$ 9 v l>ge 
quantities2 yet1  /range to tell1 its   
prop]ties h nev] be5 duly analyz$4 ,i h 
be5 9 company ) v>i\s m$ical m51 :o     
diff]$ z to its basis2  "s ass]t+ x to  
be *alybeate1 o!rs consid]+ x z         
impregnat$  ) soda1 :ile "s1 ,i "k n :y1
 decl>$ x to possess no  p>ticul>       
impregnation1 nor any active pr9ciple4  
,x mu/ be evid5t1 t1 9 a c\ntry ^: soil 
is subject to be  p>*$ dur+ s _m mon?s 9
 ! ye>1 heavy fogs & miasma mu/  ab\nd2 
consequ5tly1 dur+ ! f\r mon?s foll[+ !  
cessation (  ! annual ra9s1 x frequ5tly 
happ5s t ! atmosph]e is lad5  ) mi/s &  
vapors until a v late h\r 9 ! day4 ,9   
great  cities1 ! bad effects ( ^! are n 
s p]ceptible1 on acc\nt (  ! g5]al      
fumigation :i* takes place dur+ ! ev5+s1

 :5 !  bulk ( ! inhabitants1 z if by    
g5]al cons5t1 k9dle fires = !  purpose (
 cook+ _! victuals2 ( :i* !y r>ely eat  
at an  e>li] h\r ?an six or sev5        
o'clock2 ! cold rema9s ( ! repa/  be+   
put by = ! morn+'s meal4 ,?is =tuit\s   
circum/ance t5ds  to purify ! air1 &    
obviates a l>ge portion ( ^? evils to   
:i*  ! villages1 :i* /& m expos$ 9 !    
mid/ ( ! m>%y  tracts1 are imm95tly     
subject4 ,9 su*1 x is common to f9d a v 
l>ge portion ( ! inhabitants annually   
laid up ) int]mitt5ts (  a v ob/9ate    
description1 b f :i* !y are rescu$ by _!
  mod]ation 9 reg>d to diet1 & by a few 
m$ic9al simples e :]e  common1 & ^:     
application is suffici5tly und]/ood4    
,great numb]s  are1 h[ev]1 swept (f by !
 disease itself1 or by ! ob/ructions x  
g5]ally creates4 ,^? ob/ructions are ev]
 to be dread$1 ev5  ?\gh a p]fect cure  
%\ld app>5tly h tak5 place4 ,x is by no 
means uncommon to see p]sons1 especially
 ,europeans1 :o h1 to  appe>ance1 be5   
cur$ ( ,jungle1 or ,hill-fev]s1 z !y are

 locally  designat$1 & :i* correspond   
exactly ) our ,m>%-fev]1 laid up  at    
ei!r ! full or *ange ( ! moon1 or1      
possibly1 at bo?1 =  ye>s aft]4    ,_m h
 affect$ to d\bt ! planet>y influ5ce on 
! human  con/itution1 b1 to me1 !re     
appe>s e reason to accr$it !  op9ion4 ,i
 h se5 s _m in/ances1 among my own mo/  
intimate  fri5ds1 z well z a ?\s& ord9>y
 cases among soldi]s1  camp-foll[]s1    
villag]s1 c41 t my m9d 0 fully made up  
on !  subject long be=e ,i _h !         
opportunity ( p]us+ ! treatise (  ,dr4  
,francis ,balf\r1 ( ! ,b5gal ,m$ical    
,e/abli%m5t2 f :i* ,i  (f] to !         
consid]ation ( my read]s ! foll[+       
int]e/+  extracts4                      
,,( ,,! ,,p>oxysms ,,( ,,fev]s4    #8,9 
,b5gal1 !re is no reason to d\bt t !    
human frame is affect$  by ! influ5ce   
connect$ ) ! relative situations ( ! sun
 &  moon4 ,9 c]ta9 /ates ( heal? &      
vigor1 ?is influ5ce has n  p[] to %ew   
itself by any obvi\s effects2 &1 9 su*  
cases1 its  exi/5ce is (t5 n ackn[l$g$4 

,b1 9 c]ta9 /ates ( debility  & disease1
 x is able to manife/ itself by excit+  
febrile  p>oxysms2 & ! prop5sity1 or    
aptitude1 ( ! con/itution to be  affect$
 ) febrile p>oxysms 9 su* cases1 may be 
d5om9at$ !  p>oxysmal disposition4'     
,,( ,,p]fect ,,types4    #8,febrile     
p>oxysms univ]sally discov] a t5d5cy to 
appe>1 & to  disappe>1 9 co9cid5ce ) ^? 
positions ( ! sun & moon t  regulate !  
ris+ & fall+ ( ! tides4 ,! diurnal &    
nocturnal  encrease ( sol-lun> p[] act+ 
on con/itutions1 9 :i* !  prop5sity ( ! 
p>oxysmal disposition is complete &     
p]fect1  produces p>oxysms e twelve     
h\rs1 9 co9cid5ce ) ! p]iods  ( ! tides2
 & con/itute types :i*1 on acc\nt ( ?is 
regul>  co9cide1 ,i d5om9ate p]fect4'   
,,( ,,imp]fect ,,types4    #8,! diurnal 
& nocturnal encrease ( sol-lun> p[] act+
 on  con/itutions 9 :i* ! prop5sity to  
p>oxysm is incomplete1 or  imp]fect1 has
 p[] only to produce p>oxysms 9         
co9cid5ce ) e  second1 ?ird1 or f\r?1   
p]iod ( ! tides1 or o!rs1 m remote2     

con/itut+ types1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ?is   
irregul> co9cid5ce1 ,i  h call$         
imp]fect4'    ,doctor ,balf\r /ates1 9 a
 note1 t1 #8,9 sev]al cases ( ! plague1 
record$ by ,dr4 ,patrick ,russell1 !    
febrile p>oxysms return$  obvi\sly e f\r
 h\rs1 9 co9cid5ce ) ! p]iods ( !       
tides2 & 8 pr$ecessor & relation1 !     
au?or ( ',! ,natural  ,hi/ory (         
,aleppo1#8 ass]ts positively1 t !       
g5]ality ( !  fev]s !re1 &1 inde$1 9    
almo/ all acute cases1 are subject to   
exac]bations once or twice 9 tw5ty-f\r  
h\rs4'    ,9 ,cord9]'s ,description (   
,ceylon1 ,i f9d ! foll[+                
passage3--#8,m$ical m5 h discov]$ ?is   
swell+' 7viz4 !  elephantiasis7 #8to be 
an effect ( fev]1 :i* returns on !      
pati5ts mon?ly4' 7,vol4 ,i4 page #ahb47 
,! natives1 g5]ally 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 h 
rec\rse to !  bit-nob5 or kala-neemuk1  
7i4e4 black-salt17 a solution ( :i*1    
?\gh c]ta9ly v disgu/+1 on acc\nt ( its 
ta/e1 /rongly  rem9d+ u ( ! sc5t ( gun  
wa%+s1 or ( rott5 eggs1 proves an       

excell5t ca?>tic1 &1 if duly p]si/$ 91  
r>ely fails to rid !  pati5t ( an imm5se
 quantity ( bile4 ,t be+ effect$1 a     
/rong  decoction ( *]rettah1 a root ab\t
 ! size ( sl5d] bir* twigs1  b ( a r$d] 
color1 & possess+ "s ( ! prop]ties (    
,p]uvian  b>k1 is frequ5tly tak54 ,b1 ! 
be/ m$ic9e 9 ! catalogue (  ,indian     
simples c]ta9ly is ! lotah1 or          
kaut-kullaigee1 :i* is  ! k]nel tak5 f !
 pod ( a creep+ k9d ( c[-it*4 ,?is      
k]nel is extremely bitt]1 & possesses   
all ! virtues ( ! b>k2  b ) ?is         
advantage1 t1 9 lieu ( b9d+1 x commonly 
proves  v mildly ap]i5t :5 tak5 to !    
am\nt ( two or ?ree nuts  daily4 ,i h   
(t5 giv5 x1 ) great success1 dur+ !     
p>oxysms  ( an ague2 hav+ previ\sly     
cle>$ ! /oma* & inte/9es by  suitable   
means1 su* z ipecacuanha & calomel4     
,t we are absolutely 9 a /ate (         
ignorance reg>d+ ! m$ical  prop]ties (  
v>i\s plants1 highly appreciat$ by !    
natives1 _c  be d5i$2 we mu/ n1 h[ev]1  
yield an implicit belief to ! _m        

m>vell\s /ories relat$ ?r\gh\t ,h9do/an1
 ( ! extraord9>y  cures p]=m$ by _! aid3
 _m dispro(s ( su* fables are publicly  
extant1 & tea* u to view ! objects s    
highly extoll$ ?r\gh !  m$ium ( a m9ify+
 glass2 !reby to r$uce _! virtues to !  
prop] /&>d ( e/imation4 ,s fully 0 t    
le>n$1 & zeal\s  presid5t ( ! ,asiatic  
,society1 ,sir ,william ,jones1 impress$
 ) an  op9ion ( our ov]look+ _m ( ! mo/ 
valuable ( nature's  vegetable          
productions1 t1 %ortly aft] ! =mation ( 
t  excell5t in/itution1 he express$ a   
wi%1 an e>ne/ "o1 inde$1 =  e>ly fram+ a
 code ( ! botany ( ,h9do/an 9 p>ticul>2 
&1 9 a  %ort address to ! society1 urg$1
 t a #8,treatise on ! ,plants (  ,india'
 %\ld be dilig5tly & c>efully drawn up4 
,9 t address1 ,sir  ,william says1 #8,"s
 hundr$s ( plants :i* are yet imp]fectly
 kn[n  to ,european botani/s1 &1 ) !    
virtues ( :i* we are :olly  unacqua9t$1 
gr[ wild on ! pla9s1 & 9 ! =e/s1 (      
,india4 ,!  #8,am>co%1' an excell5t     
vocabul>y ( ! ,sanscrit language1       

conta9s1 9 "o *apt]1 ! names ( ab\t ?ree
 hundr$ m$ic9al  vegetables2 ! #8,m$9i' 
may comprize z _m m2 & !                
#8,dravyabidana1' or1 #8,diction>y (    
,natural ,productions1' includes1 ,i    
believe1 a f> great] numb]2 ! prop]ties 
( :i* are di/9ctly  relat$ 9 m$ical     
tracts ( approv$ au?ority4'    ,"h ,i   
mu/ beg leave to ent] my prote/ aga9/ ! 
too ready  acceptance ( :at ! books     
above quot$ may t5d] to our m$ical      
repositories2 & t = ! foll[+ reason2    
namely1 al?\gh !  natives may be        
suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) c]ta9 prop]ties (
  c]ta9 plants1 yet1 ow+ to a total     
ignorance ( pa?ology1  phisiology1      
nosology1 & especially ( ! circulation (
 ! blood1  & ( *emi/ry z applicable to  
analysis & syn!sis1 x is utt]ly         
impossible !y %\ld be able to act except
 by rote1 & accord+ to  _! ideas (      
specifics2 :]eby ! virtues ( ! m$ic9es 9
  "q are suppos$ to be applicable to all
 ! /ages1 n only (  ! same1 b ( v>i\s   
diseases1 totally opposite 9 _! natures4

 ,x  surely _c require to be po9t$ out1 
h[ unc]ta9 ! results mu/  be "u su*     
circum/ances1 ev5 :5 ea* simple is      
adm9i/]$  sep>ately1 & ) a pati5t       
att5tion to its op]ation3 b1 :5 we  take
 into acc\nt ! kn[n fact1 t1 on mo/     
occasions :]e !  native ,huckeems1 or   
,hakeems1 prescribe1 !y rely greatly ^u 
comp\nds ( h]bs & m9]als2 ea* hav+ its  
virtues record$ 9  "s popul> di/i*1 to  
dispute :i* w\ld be consid]$ an op5     
av[al ( consummate ignorance2 ,i say1 "u
 su* circum/ances1 we may  fairly1 &1 9 
duty to ourselves %\ld1 hesitate to     
receive  in=mation f s impure a s\rce4  
,x is n my int5tion to  depreciate !    
m]its ( _m simples 9 use among !        
natives3 ,i argue  aga9/ _! compet5cy to
 e/imate !m2 b1 at ! same "t1  ent]ta9  
no d\bt t _! sev]al books may lead u to 
! greate/  advantages1 by giv+ h9ts1    
:i*1 be+ prop]ly1 b gu>d$ly  foll[$ up1 
%\ld enri* our catalogue ( valuable     
rem$ies4 ,?is  _c be done 9 a few days1 
nor ev5 9 a few ye>s3 :5ev] x may  be   

effect$1 ,i d\bt n t ! memory ( t       
presid5t1 ^: life  0 devot$ to ! s]vice1
 n only ( 8 exi/+ fell[-creatures1  b ( 
po/]ity also1 w be duly v5]at$4 ,!      
,botanic ,g>d5s  e/abli%$ at ! sev]al   
,presid5cies1 "u ! c>e ( m$ical         
g5tlem51 duly qualifi$1 (f] ! means (   
putt+ mu* ass]tion to  ! te/s ( *emi/ry1
 & ( "t3 ! =m] h n1 z yet1 be5  prop]ly 
resort$ to1 & ! latt] has n run its due 
c\rse1 to  enable ! philosophical _w to 
decide ) precision4    ,9 ! fir/ volume 
( ! ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 ! late ,mat!w   
,leslie1  ,esq4 v s5sibly obs]v$1 t     
#8!re are 9 our ,indian prov9ces  _m    
animals1 & _m hundr$s ( m$ic9al plants1 
:i* h ei!r  n be5 describ$ at all1 or1  
:at is worse1 ill describ$1 by !        
naturali/s ( ,europe4' ,9 ?is rem>k !re 
is mu* tru?2 b a  c]ta9 portion ( ! v   
ext5sive mean+ ( ,mr4 ,leslie1 :o 01    
assur$ly1 a man ( consid]able abilities1
 & :o _h mu* opportunity  = rese>*1 w be
 receiv$ ) caution1 f ! consid]ation (  
8 av[$ p>tiality t[>ds native           

physicians2 :o1 z ,i h j  /at$1 are by  
no means compet5t to guide u ?r\gh !    
mazes (  botanical rese>*4 ,! /ate (    
m$ic9e ?r\gh\t ,india1 7,i mean  among !
 natives17 is n su* z to induce ! belief
 t we %all  obta9 any valuable in=mation
 among ! ,huckeems2 ( :om1 full         
n9ety-n9e 9 ! hundr$ are self-taught1 z 
well z self-suffici5t4  ,:at1 !n1 is to 
be expect$ among p]sons ?us practis+ a  
pr(ession1 to :i* ! old adage ( #8ars   
longa1 vita brevis' s  admirably        
applies1 :5 we see n ev5 "o didactic    
page to :i* !y  c resort2 no public     
in/itution :]e k is ei!r be/[$ or       
receiv$2 no lib]al1 enlight5$1 patron1  
"u ^: auspices g5ius  may be enabl$ to  
p5etrate into ! m9es ( sci5ce8 ,?is be+ 
!  fact1 %all we refra9 f smil+ at ^? ( 
our c\ntrym5 :o1  quitt+ ! aid &        
guidance ( _! well-in=m$ m$ical fri5ds1 
resort to su* quacks1 ^: reputation !y  
?us unju/ly raise among  ! gap+ cr[d1 & 
:o h ! art to propagate ! mo/ unb\nd$   
reliance on _! no/rums8 ,t1 "h & !re1 a 

simple ( peculi>  efficacy may be 9 use 
among su* p]sons1 ,i %all n d5y2 b mu/  
appeal to our m enlight5$ m$ical        
societies1 :e!r1 9 ! h&s  ( an ignorant 
man1 br\ght up 9 vanity1 & reg>dless ( !
 m9uti  ( physical causes & ( physical  
effects1 ev5 ! mo/ simple  m$ic9e c be  
safely entru/$8 ,! greate/ "p ( !       
burlesque is1  t ^! highly r5[n$        
physicians1 to a man1 rely ^u prop]     
conjunctions ( ! planets1 lucky h\rs1   
c41 n only = ! cull+1  b = ! mix+1 &    
adm9i/ration ( _! m$ic9es1 )\t  reg>d to
 ^? critical mom5ts ( :i* our silly     
disciples (  ,hippocrates & ,gal5 are s 
v wat*ful6    ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 d !       
natives ! ju/ice to all[1 t !           
refrig]at+ pr9ciple lately adopt$ by "s 
( our lead+  physicians1 owes its orig9 
solely to ! anci5t practice ( !         
,brahmans1 or ,h9du prie/s2 ( :om !     
g5]ality affect to be deeply  v]s$ 9    
ph>macy4 ,i believe1 t1 if tak5 9 "t1   
few fev]s w\ld  be f\nd to deg5]ate into
 typhus1 & t v seldom any  det]m9ation  

t[>ds ! liv] f acute cases w\ld occur1 7
 !  refrig]at+ c\rse to be adopt$4 ,(t5 
h ,i kn[n my s]vants1 :5  attack$ )     
fev]1 to dr9k cold wat] 9 abundance1 &  
to apply wet  clo?s to _! heads1 ) great
 success2 ! =m] has g5]ally  l[]$ !     
pulse consid]ably1 by ?r[+ out a /rong  
p]spiration1  :ile ! latt] has giv5     
imm$iate local relief4    ,7 x n t ca/  
7i4e4 sect7 opposes a =midable b>ri] to 
! m ext5sive practice ( ,european       
physicians among ! natives 9  g5]al1 !  
native doctors w\ld spe$ily be consign$ 
to _! m]it$  contempt3 b su* are !      
prejudices aris+ f religi\s t5ets1      
among ! ,h9dus 9 p>ticul>1 t1 ev5 :5 at 
! la/ extremity1  _m w\ld r die ?an     
suff] any m$ic9e prep>$1 or p]haps (    
:i* ! liquid "p _h be5 b>ely t\*$1 by "o
 n ( _! own  ca/1 to ent] _! m\?s6 ,:]e 
su* infatuation prevails1  ignorance w  
ma9ta9 h] empire1 until1 by ! gradual   
abolition (  vulg> errors1 ! light (    
sci5ce1 & ( reason1 may beg9 to glimm]  
among ! p at l>ge4 ,x w n suffice1 t a  

few skilful  ,european pr(essors %\ld be
 se51 & be admir$1 by a grateful few3  t
 has already happ5$2 b ! dread (        
religi\s ana!ma1 & (  dome/ic           
excommunication1 are too =cibly oppos$  
to su* weak  demon/rations4 ,unhappily1 
we aim$ at a re=m1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 at  t
 v po9t to :i* x %\ld h _h only a remote
 t5d5cy3 we  p]emptorily attack$ ! v    
exi/5ce ( full a t5? ( ! :ole           
population1 t is1 ( ! ,brahmans1 or     
,h9du prie/s2 & we excit$1  among ! p at
 l>ge1 suspicions su* z h giv5 scope to 
our  enemies = inculcat+1 t we are int5t
 on subject+ _! m9ds1  z well z _!      
bodies4    ,f ?is dilemma1 ,i und]/&1 ) 
pleasure1 we are gradually  extricat+   
ourselves2 by )draw+ ^? noxi\s          
publications1 :i*1  9 a mom5t ( ungu>d$ 
zeal1 we _h all[$ our cl]gy to introduce
 to  ! notice ( ! p ( ,h9do/an4 ,)      
respect to ! motive1 t  is out ( ! "q3  
,i am n consid]+ ! m]its ( "o religion  
oppos$ to ano!r1 b simply ! fact1 z x   
relates to our political  connection ) !

 ,ea/1 & ! diffusion ( true philosophy  
ov] t  va/ region4 ,nor am ,i "h c5sur+ 
! measure 9 a religi\s s5se2  ?\gh1 on  
ref]5ce to hi/ory1 & to my own exp]i5ce 
( !  dispositions ( ! ,h9dus1 ,i feel   
surpriz$ t fanaticism %\ld h  be5 all[$ 
to m$dle ) a c\ntry ov] :i* we1 9 tru?1 
h n  an effici5t control1 & among a race
 ^: t5ets are by no means  obnoxi\s to  
humanity2 among :om apo/acy is a mortal 
s91 :o disclaim  all int]f]5ce ) !      
doctr9es ( o!r sects1 & :o h mo/  amply 
prov$ _! title1 at lea/ to tol]ation1 if
 n to protection4    ,i h said1 t we    
began at ! wrong end2 & ?is surely w    
appe>  to be ! case :5 ! matt] is       
prop]ly und]/ood4 ,9 lieu (  attack+ t  
:i* c>ries ) x no (f5ce aga9/ ourselves1
 &  in/ead ( endeavor+ to =ce ^u !m our 
cre$1 we %\ld h  /udi$ to r5d] ! natives
 acqua9t$ ) :atev] c\ld t5d to  _!      
worldly com=t1 & to ! removal ( errors  
(t5 pregnant )  de/ruction4 ,let u      
suppose1 = in/ance1 t1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! 
c\ntry1 ! ,company 7 to e/abli% s*ools1 

:]e y\?s ( e  description might be      
in/ruct$ 9 ! ma!matics1 botany1 *emi/ry1
  surg]y1 ph>macy1 agriculture1         
me*anics1 c42 & t valuable  premiums    
%\ld1 at c]ta9 p]iods1 be pres5t$ to su*
 z might m]it  ! di/9ction4 ,! obvi\s   
consequ5ce w\ld be1 t1 9 due "t1 an     
inf9ity ( absurdities w\ld vani%1 & t1 9
 proportion z sci5ce  %\ld exp& among   
!m1 ! sup]ior circles w\ld beg9 to      
e/imate  our value z an enlight5$ p4 ,!y
 w\ld !n look up to u z  _! sup]iors2 9 
lieu ( rat+ u1 z !y n[ d1 v l[ inde$  on
 ! scale ( degradation4 ,su* a sy/em    
w\ld n only give an  effectual %ake to !
 basis ( prie/-craft1 b cause all !     
lit]>y  /ores1 & ! natural productions (
 ! soil1 to be laid op5 to our          
exam9ation3 !n1 inde$1 our m$ical m5    
might enjoy a high reputation  9 e qu>t]
 ( ! ,ea/1 & ! _w might be b5efitt$1 bo?
 by  ! correction ( _m errors1 & by !   
acquisition ( mo/ important  novelties 9
 m$ic9e1 & 9 ! v>i\s arts on :i* comm]ce
 is  dep5dant4 ,!n %\ld we h no occasion

 to goad ! ,h9dus t[>ds  ,*ri/ianity3 !y
 w\ld ?ir/ = k1 & pant to be rid (  ^?  
fett]s impos$ ^u _! m9ds by _! artful   
cl]gy4    ,i h he>d x said #8! natives h
 no disposition = ! sci5ces4'  ,?is is  
impos+ a cruel s5t5ce on a hundr$       
millions ( p6 ,all[  x to be true2 &    
look back to ! /ate ( ,brita9 :ile "u ! 
control1 9 a c]ta9 measure1 ( ! ,druids2
 :o are n[ well  asc]ta9$ to h be5 !    
same1 9 _! days1 z ! ,brahmans (        
,b5gal1 c41 are at ?is "t4 ,:o c fail to
 admire ! *ange8 ,:o  c\ld suppose x    
possible t su* a *ange c\ld h be5       
effect$  among a p1 :o1 if we are to    
give cr$it to ,cs>1 & to o!r            
au?orities1 7 completely b>b>\s1 & #8:o 
%ew$ no disposition  = ! sci5ces8' ,9   
opposition to s absurd1 & s malici\s an 
ass]tion1 let me /ate a few facts4 ,:5  
,mr4 ,reub5 ,burr[ 0 9  ,india1 z head (
 ! ma!matical dep>tm5t1 he 0 solicit$ by
  sev]al ( ! natives to in/ruct !m 9    
a/ronomy1 algebra1 c4  ,unhappily1      
al?\gh possess+ pre-em95t tal5ts1 ,mr4  

,burr[ 0 n  exactly calculat$ to        
conciliate ! good w1 nor to excite !    
admiration1 ( p]sons :o did n1 l        
himself1 blaze at ! sp>k (  sci5ce3 9   
fact1 he p>took greatly ( ! "* ( !      
celebrat$  ,doctor ,samuel ,johnson1 &  
might be t]m$ #8a ma!matical ,hott5tot6'
    ,?is important defici5cy ( suavity  
caus$ ! natives to quit2 inde$1  x t5d$ 
to disgu/ ^? ( 8 c\ntrym5 :o1 be+       
compell$ by  _! avocations to att5d 8   
lectures1 7 subject$ to 8 caprices  &   
gross mann]s4 ,h[ev]1 "o native1 (      
m$iocre opul5ce1 0 n to  be sc>$ by :at 
appe>$ a trifle1 :5 comp>$ ) !          
acquirem5ts  he hop$ to possess3 he b5t 
to ! /orm1 &1 by unremitt+  application1
 spe$ily r5d]$ himself compet5t to      
conv]se ) ,mr4  ,burr[ on 8 usual topic4
 ,9 "t1 ! /ud5t became a favorite1 &  0 
all[$ to att5d 8 preceptor :5 ! latt] 0 
deput$ on a  survey ( consid]able ext5t1
 & to measure a degree ( latitude 9  !  
we/]n di/ricts4 ,su* 0 ! progress made  
by ?is native "u  ! auspices ( ,mr4     

,burr[1 t1 9 a few ye>s1 he qualifi$    
himself  to in/ruct o!rs 9 ! ord9>y     
c\rses ( ! high] ma!matics4  ,:at became
 ( him ,i "k n2 b appreh5d t _m o!rs mu/
 h  d]iv$ "s little b5efit f 8 le>n+3   
unless1 inde$1 8  prie/s f\nd a pretext 
= uphold+ him z unwor?y ( imitation1 &  
?reat5$ to place all :o might consid]   
him to be ?us #8civiliz$1'  or improv$1 
"u ! b> ( ecclesia/ical c5sure4 ,:5 ,i  
say  #8civiliz$1' x is 9 def]5ce to a   
,briti% div9e1 :o has be5  pleas$ to    
repres5t ! p ( ,b5gal 9 su* t]ms z might
 lead  p]sons :o nev] visit$ ,india to  
set !m d[n = a cruel1 b>b>\s1  ignorant1
 v9dictive1 s5seless1 & sangu9>y race2  
^:  civilization is #8dev\tly to be     
wi%$4' ,h[ f> !y m]it su* a  "*1 may be 
und]/ood f _! =be>+ to massacre all !   
,europeans 9 ,india2 a "w t might be    
effect$ by only "o 9  ?\s&s ( _!        
population /rik+ ! deadly bl[6    ,sett+
 :atev] relates to religion ap>t1 &     
view+ our int]c\rse  ) ,india z a matt] 
m]ely ( meum & tuum1 x is self-evid5t1  

t to :atev] ext5t we may in/ruct !      
natives to analyze !  produce ( _! soil1
 & to pres5t x to u 9 a m>ketable %ape1 
s  mu* mu/ ,brita9 be b5efitt$ by !     
ext5sion ( h] comm]ce1 & by  !          
possession ( a t]ritory ^: value w\ld be
 !reby  proportionally rais$4 ,?is is   
said ) ! view to enc\rage !  rese>*es ( 
our m$ical m52 :o1 f _! g5]al k (       
*emi/ry1 & p]haps ( botany1 are c]ta9ly 
be/ qualifi$ to pursue  !m ) national   
effect4 ,"u ! pres5t v limitt$          
e/abli%m5t  ( physicians & surgeons1 z  
well z f ! prt] nihil b5efits  d]iv$ f !
 ,botanical ,g>d51 :5 se5 9 ?is po9t (  
view1 we  are n au?oriz$ to be v sangu9e
 9 our hopes t any important  advantages
 w result 9 t direction4 ,:ile !        
,company c b>ely  af=d a surgeon & two  
assi/ants to a regim5t ( #bjjj m51 x is 
n  to be suppos$ !y c\ld =m su*         
e/abli%m5ts ( ! above  description1 z   
might give u a ?or\gh comm& ov] ! m9]al 
&  vegetable productions ( _! t]ritory1 
or t5d to create a _s (  enquiry among !

 natives4    ,! want ( pr9t$ books is1 9
 e c\ntry1 a great evil2 b1 9  ,india1  
is a drawback ( great mom5t4 ,!re1 all  
books1 all  proclamations1 7except su* z
 we pr9t at ,calcutta1 c417 all         
newspap]s1 c41 c41 are manuscripts4 ,x  
is n to be imag9$ h[ few  volumes are to
 be se5 ev5 ( ?is k9d4 ,we %\ld suppose 
t1 :]e  provisions1 lodg+1 cloa?+1 fuel1
 c41 are s rem>kably *eap1  le>n+ w\ld  
become g5]al3 ! rev]se is1 h[ev]1 !     
case2 n  "o 9 five hundr$ c read1 or    
write1 ev5 indiff]5tly4 ,!re are        
abundance ( little day-s*ools to :i*    
*ildr5 may be s5t at a v  trifl+ exp5ce2
 b !re !y le>n v little4 ,g5]ally1 a b$ 
(  s& s]ves = pap]1 & a f+]1 or a piece 
( /ick1 = p5 &  ink2 consequ5tly1 no    
traces ( any in/ruction rema9 = ! future
  consid]ation ( ! pupil4 ,! m afflu5t1 
& ! m zeal\s1  ord9>ily provide _!      
*ildr5 ) a bo>d1 ab\t a foot long1 &    
n9e or t5 in*es wide1 :i*1 be+ pa9t$    
black1 & v>ni%$1  becomes an admirable  
tablet1 :]eon ! "y folks are enabl$ to  

write _! lessons ) a re$ p52 ! ink be+  
g5]ally *alk &  wat]4 ,to ^!1 ?\gh      
c]ta9ly m p]fect ?an ! =m] mode1 !  same
 objection exi/s2 namely1 t !y want     
/ability1 & t !  lesson is no soon]     
repeat$ by rote1 & writt5 mu* 9 ! same  
mann]1 ?an x is =gott51 at lea/ x nev]  
aga9 obtrudes on !  eye2 s9ce1 9 ord] to
 make way = fur!r in/ruction1 x is      
necess>ily expung$4    ,! koits1 or     
scribes1 & ! llhs1 or acc\ntants1 7?\gh 
!  latt] (t5 conf9e _! occupations to   
m]ely read+ or  transcrib+17 are ne>ly !
 same among ! l[] classes1 especially   
:]e ! ,naugry "* is 9 "q1 t ! moon%ies  
are  among ! sup]ior ord]s1 :o1 almo/   
inv>iably1 use ! ,p]sian  language & "*1
 9 all public1 z well z 9 private1      
matt]s4  ,s f>1 inde$1 is ?is c>ri$1 t  
,p]sian is held to be bo? !  language ( 
! ,c\rt1 & ( ! ,law4    ,z ^? :o /udy ! 
,p]sian are aid$ by moon%ies1 s are su* 
p]sons z w\ld acquire ! ,naugry "*      
necessitat$ to employ  koits1 or llhs1 =
 t purpose4 ,! wages ( ^! may be f  two 

to five rupees p] mon?2 b1 9 "s         
families1 ! s]vants  contribute to !    
ext5t ( a few annas1 or1 ev5tually1 z f>
 z a  rupee1 9 ! aggregate2 9           
consid]ation ( :i* d\ceur1 !  llh       
commonly writes lett]s = !m to _!       
fri5ds1 & expla9s  ! answ]s1 c4 ,su*    
s]vants z h ! *>ge ( money to be        
disburs$ on ma/]'s acc\nt1 commonly take
 c>e to be on good t]ms  ) ?is          
cullum-burd> 7i4e4 quill-driv]72 :o1 z  
has be5 said  ( compadores1 g5]ally     
taxes all items he kn[s to be ov]*>g$1  
by a small d$uction 9 8 own favor4      
,p]sons ( ?is class (t5 keep little     
s*ools1 su* z h be5  describ$1 & !n are 
designat$ gooroos2 a t]m imply+ t k9d  (
 respect we ent]ta9 = pa/ors 9 g5]al4   
,if we contemplate ! extreme inatt5tion 
preval5t ?r\gh\t  ,h9do/an1 respect+    
lit]>y atta9m5ts1 & ! great cunn+       
practis$ by ! prie/hood1 9 _! s$ul\s    
endeavors to prev5t !  natives f receiv+
 ! lea/ in=mation reg>d+ philosophy 9   
g5]al1 x mu/ appe> surpriz+ t s mu* has 

be5 done by !  artizans ( ,b5gal t[>ds !
 adaptation ( _! labors to !  conv5i5ce 
( ! ,briti% resid5ts4 ,our admiration ( 
^! p  _c b be height5$1 f ! circum/ance 
( p>ticul> trades  be+ conf9$ to        
p>ticul> ca/s1 or sects2 = ?\gh we may1 
possibly1 at fir/ view1 consid] t to be 
an advantage1 inasmu* z  x %\ld seem to 
p]petuate k 9 an h]$it>y l9e1 ^? :o  h  
resid$ 9 ! ,ea/ fully "k t no su*       
heir-loom ability is to  be f\nd3 on !  
o!r h&1 we imm$iately recognize ! b>    
rais$  aga9/ g5ius2 :i*1 :5 to be f\nd  
)9 ! ca/1 may /ruggle  = ev] "u "s base1
 =bidd+1 & loa?some degradation2 or1 if 
x %\ld />t 9 ano!r sect1 _c adopt its   
native int5tion1 b  mu/ resign 9 favor (
 "s o!r pursuit1 p]haps requir+ no      
g5ius2  or1 ev5tually1 "o ( a v diff]5t 
b5t4 ,once a c>p5t]1 always a  c>p5t]2  
once a sw9e-h]d1 always a sw9e-h]d6     
,! evil effects att5dant ^u ! useful    
arts 9 g5]al1 f su* a  sy/em1 are       
c]ta9ly great1 b by no means to be      
comp>$ ) !  degradations1 & consequ5t   

imbecility1 insep>able f ! total        
suppression ( e ?+ t5d+ to excite       
emulation4 ,:5 we see an  h]$it>y       
prie/hood1 & t1 too1 by no means        
rem>kable = !  paucity ( its memb]s1 we 
_c b picture to ourselves ! arrogance   
?us privileg$ 9 ! :ole ( t tribe1 & !   
humiliation :i*  m>ks ! actions1 z well 
z ! s5tim5ts1 ( all :o d n /&  )9 !     
hall[$ pale4 ,su* a contra/ c exi/ only 
:ile "o p>ty  c deceive1 & :ile ! o!r   
deems accusation to be no?+ less  ?an   
blasphemy2 !re=e we _c be mi/ak5 reg>d+ 
! only means  ( correction3 to wit1 a k 
( ! _w1 & ( its inhabitants2  or :at we1
 9 o!r t]ms1 call le>n+4 ,p\r b a little
 ( ?is  into ! m9ds ( a c]ta9 numb]2    
satisfy !m t morality 9  ,europe1 &     
morality 9 ,asia1 are ! same ?+2 t      
#8:e!r we d  our duties 9 a black sk91  
or 9 a :ite "o1' matt]s n2 t m5  7 born 
to aid ea* o!r1 & n to be made ! slaves 
( p>ty1  sect1 or color2 &1 t he :o kn[s
 mo/ reg>d+ ! works ( !  ,creator1 is   
mo/ likely to h a prop] s5se ( 8 b\nty4 

,conv9ce  ! natives ( ,india1 or ( any  
o!r nation1 t su* is ! tru?1  & t y     
practise1 :ile y tea*1 ! doctr9es (     
,*ri/ianity1  & no?+ w1 9 ! end1 be able
 to /& aga9/ s =midable an  attack4 ,b  
if we proce$1 z has be5 too ra%ly done1 
to attempt a  s*ism among !m by m]e     
declamation1 or by means ( cre$s &      
p>ables 9 :i* !y h no belief1 7m]ely    
because !y "k no  bett]17 our object w  
be ei!r mi/ak51 or design$ly            
misrepres5t$2 & we %all exp]i5ce 9 ,asia
 all ^? p5alties t  =m]ly await$ ! av[al
 ( ,lu!ranism 9 ,europe6 ,9 brief2      
conv9ce  ! natives t _! prie/s are fools
 & knaves1 & t pov]ty1  disgrace1 & ev5 
disease1 are ! consequ5ces ( a mi/ak5   
bigotry1  & ! :ole c\ntry w pro/rate    
itself at y\r feet6    ,wav+ e o!r      
objection1 & re/+ solely on ! v         
inadequate  means ( in/ruction af=d$ by 
p>5ts to _! *ildr51 ?r\gh !  m$ium (    
koits1 llhs1 & gooroos1 x seems probable
 t1  unless "s effectual re=m may take  
place1 ! natives ( ,india are  likely to

 rema9 9 d>kness1 ad inf9itum4 ,?is is !
 m to be  regrett$1 :5 we consid] h[    
will+ !y are to foll[ su* means z  may  
be (f]$ !m1 provid$ ^? means may n      
oppose e/abli%$  pr9ciples1 nor be      
contr>y to _! ideas ( sanctity &        
b5evol5ce4  ,nor c we b rep9e at su*    
infatuations among a race ^:            
intellectual qualities1 :atev] may be   
said by ignorant or design+  m51 are at 
lea/ on a p> ) ^? ( ,europeans4 ,t !y   
are  p]v]t$1 w n be d5i$2 b1 t !y are   
naturally imp]fect1  ne$s little pro(   
inde$6 ,set "s doz5s1 or scores1 ( our  
y\?s to  bell[ 9 unison1 7) all ! ennui 
att5dant ^u monoton\s rote17  any       
p>ticul> passages f ! ,scripture1 day   
aft] day1 & ye>  aft] ye>2 &1 aft] "s   
seasons1 se>* among !m = ,newtons1      
,lockes1 ,black/ones1 & ,solons6 ,!     
result ne$ n be told6    ,9 recomm5d+ to
 ^? ( my read]s :o may be int5t ^u      
acquir+  a k ( ! language1 7by :i* ,i   
mean n only ! ,b5gallee1  & ! ,h9dui1   
bo? ( :i* may be consid]$ v]nacul>1 b ! 

,p]sian also17 to pur*ase su*           
translations z may be extant ( !  works 
( ,indian au?ors1 ,i am f> f be+ p>tial 
to _! cont5ts1  & disclaim ! idea (     
af=d+ any ?+ m ?an ex]cise 9            
translation :5 ,i d s2 = !re appe>s to  
me a great disposition to  trifle1 or to
 ! hyp]bole1 9 all ,i h ev] se54 ,by    
means ( su*  translations1 ! orig9als   
may be m readily und]/ood1 :]eby !  /udy
 may be r5d]$ bo? brief & pleas+2       
provid$ prop] att5tion  be paid to all  
mat]ial po9ts1 & t1 9 read+ !           
translation1  ! /ud5t does n indulge 9 !
 errone\s op9ion t he is mak+  himself  
ma/] ( ! orig9al4 ,almo/ e book writt5 9
 ! ,ea/ is  ! production ( "s c\rt      
sycophant3 a few h result$ f !  labors (
 m5 :o1 be+ dispos$ to m$itation1 h     
committ$ _!  rev]ies to pap]2 &1 a v    
small portion h display$ su*            
sc9tillations ( ability1 z leave u to   
regret !y 7 ei!r n  bett] educat$1 s z  
to enlight5 _! c\ntrym51 or t !y 7  n   
born 9 ^? p>ts ( ! _w :]e _! tal5ts     

might h be5  fo/]$1 & duly appreciat$4  
,) reg>d to e?ics1 numb]s h  amus$      
!mselves1 to all appe>ance1 m f         
o/5tation ?an f  #8be+ virtu\s ov]-mu*4'
 ,! facility ) :i* scraps f !  ,koran1  
7i4e4 ! ,bible ( ! ,mahom$ans17 may be  
set =? 9 gl[+  t]ms1 9 a language ri* 9 
expression1 has1 no d\bt1 induc$ _m a  v
 tol]able lay-man to annoy 8 neighb\rs1 
by ! repetition (  page aft] page ( !   
mo/ tiresome tautologies1 :]eon 8 fame  
has  be5 built3 ( ?is description       
abundance exi/1 all alike unwor?y (     
review4    ,i h always ?\ght ! poets (  
,india to be p>ticul>ly happy 9  ^?     
little tales :i* convey a moral1 ?\gh a 
v worldly "o1  "u "s allur+ allegory4 ,f
 ?is1 h[ev]1 ,i exempt !  celebrat$     
,,heetopades1 translat$ by ,mr4 ,wilk9s4
 ,?is1 by g5]al  cons5t1 is all[$ to be 
! /ore f :5ce ,pilpay's ,fables h  be5  
tak52 b ! orig9al c nev] appe> 9        
competition ) _!  (fspr+2 =1 :ile !     
latt] are int]e/+1 & af=d a v ri*       
treat1 by _! apt application to !       

affairs ( life1 ! =m] are  heavy1 dull1 
t$i\s1 & ( a mo/ motley "*2 ! subject is
  g5]ally =c$1 & spun out into all !    
v>ieties g>rulity c\ld  inv5t6    ,!    
,asiatic /ud5t may f9d1 9 ! sev]al works
 ( ,gil*ri/1  ,baillie1 ,f4 ,gladw91    
,sir4 ,w4 ,jones1 ,sir ,william ,ousely1
 ,ri*>dson1 &  ,wilk9s1 abundance (     
in/ruction 9 ! sev]al languages mo/     
curr5t  9 ,h9do/an2 ! ,asiatic ,rese>*es
 w give him a consid]able  insight into 
a numb] ( int]e/+ & important matt]s    
relat+ to  ! natural hi/ory ( ! ,ea/1 ! 
mann]s1 & ! climate "u  consid]ation2   
:ile1 by means ( ,colebrooke's ,dige/ ( 
! ,h9du ,laws1  & ,r\sseau's ,diction>y 
( ,mahom$an ,law1 he may become v       
g5]ally  acqua9t$ ) t important bran* ( 
k4 ,) respect to !  politics ( ! c\ntry1
 !y h be5 s mu* canvass$1 t v>i\s       
treatises on t topic are to be _h3      
un=tunately1 all are ei!r  devot$ to    
p>tial consid]ations1 or writt5 to s]ve 
a p>ty6    ,9 almo/ e c\ntry1 :]e( !    
inhabitants are ei!r consid]$  by _!    

neighb\rs1 or deem !mselves to be1      
civiliz$1 ! records (  ! /ate1 ! sev]al 
libr>ies1 :e!r s*ola/ic1 tradition>y1   
sci5tific1 or amus+ only1 are op5 to !  
inspection ( p]sons (  all nations2 &1  
above all1 ! sacr$ in/itutions are      
subject to  visitation1 & ev5 to rese>*4
 ,9 ,india1 no su* recreation or  b5efit
 is ev] af=d$ to ! inquisitive travell]1
 :o may rema91  = ye>s1 )9 a /one's-?r[ 
( :at1 to him1 w\ld appe> an  invaluable
 treasure1 )\t 8 be+ able to obta9 !    
smalle/  indulg5ce 9 aid ( 8 pursuits4  
,:atev] may be ! compla9ts  aga9/ our   
cont95tal neighb\rs on ! score (        
p]secution1 we mu/  give !m cr$it = !   
mo/ ample tol]ation ( ! million (       
visitors :o intrude on _! sev]al        
cab9ets1 libr>ies1 c42 "s1  f ! mo/     
laudable motives1 o!rs1 actuat$ by ! m]e
 desire (  see+ all t is to be se51 )\t1
 9 ! lea/1 reg>d+ ^?  po9ts by :i* !    
philosophic eye is naturally attract$4  
,?\gh s  heavy a *>ge lies aga9/ !      
,h9dus1 on acc\nt ( _! /rict  rejection 

( our c\ntrym51 9 g5]al1 :5 application 
has be5 made  = in=mation on p>ticul>   
po9ts1 x mu/ be all[$1 t !y  d\btless h1
 9 a few in/ances1 be5 m explicit1 &    
furni%$  in=mation on p>ticul> topics1  
:i*1 to u1 has prov$ extremely  int]e/+4
    ,9 tru?1 we h no exclusive "r (     
compla9t2 = all nations1 &  all sects1  
except _! own1 h be5 equally subject to 
d5ial2 or1  :5 indulg$1 h be5 compell$  
to p]=m "s c]emonies obnoxi\s  to _!    
fai?1 or to _! p]sons4 ,:e!r ?is be     
absolutely  necess>y1 or has be5 devis$ 
solely ) ! int5tion ( det]r+  ! curi\s1 
may n be difficult to det]m9e2 ?us mu*  
we "k1 t1  9 ord] to obta9 admission to 
a k ( c]ta9 =ms1 or to !  p]usal ( c]ta9
 records1 v>i\s op]ations1 am\nt+ ne>ly 
to  apo/acy1 ?\gh no recantation be     
made1 mu/ be p]=m$4    ,!re is room to  
d\bt :e!r any true acc\nts ( ! antiquity
 ( !  ,seek ,college at ,b5>es1 & ( !   
migrations ( ! ,h9dus f !  c\ntries     
bord]+ on ,pale/9e1 actually exi/s3 _m  
p]sons1 (  consid]able tal5ts1 & ( great

 erudition1 are dispos$ to treat !  :ole
 ( :at has be5 deliv]$ to u1 ) s mu*    
solemnity1 by !  ,pundits1 or le>n$     
,brahmans1 z a deception1 int5d$ to     
ridicule our  curiosity1 & to repress1  
or at lea/ to div]t1 x f ! true  c\rse4 
,circum/ances may be adduc$ 9 support ( 
?is hypo!sis2 &  we _c b reg>d ! mann] 9
 :i* ! ,pundits arrogate to  !mselves ! 
:ole k ( _! hi/ory1 :i* is c>efully     
conceal$ f a l>ge portion ev5 ( !       
,brahmans1 z a circum/antial  pro( ( our
 hav+ be5 design$ly l$ a/ray1 bo? by a  
fictiti\s  record1 & by a well conc]t$  
fable1 inv5t$ = ! occasion3 ?is  may be 
aptly comp>$ to ! :ale & ! tub4         
,=tunately1 no mat]ial  po9t appe>s to  
re/ on ! antiquity1 or o!rwise1 ( !     
,h9du  my?ology1 or ! records ( !       
,seeks1 reg>d+ ! orig9 ( t  p2 ?\gh x   
w\ld p]haps be f\nd1 t _! true          
exposition  might t5d to af=d _m pro(s 9
 favor ( ! mission ( our ,savi\r4    ,:5
 ! imm5se ext5t ( t]ritory we hold 9    
,india is consid]$1  &1 t p]haps no     

c\ntry 9 ! _w (f]s great] facilities1 n 
only = lit]>y correspond5ce1 b = !      
rese>*es ( naturali/s1  ! conveyance (  
gross articles1 & ! manufacture ( raw   
mat]ials1  :i* e :]e ab\nd1 we _c b     
lam5t ! want ( su*  in/itutions z might 
enable u to turn su* important          
advantages to !  imm$iate b5efit (      
,great ,brita91 on ! mo/ unb\nd$ scale4 
,we are  absolutely ignorant ( a million
 ( facts n[ includ$1 ei!r directly1  or 
by aff9ity1 9 our endless catalogue (   
desid]ata1 :i* ne$ n  rema9 9 t         
disgraceful li/1 provid$ due means 7    
tak5 to  correct our errors1 & to ext5d 
our res\rces4 ,dur+ ! dry season1  or at
 lea/ = f\r mon?s 9 ! ye>1 sc>ce a "p ( 
! c\ntry  opposes ! progress ( a        
travell]2 unless ?r\gh ^? imm5se        
wild]nesses already describ$4 ,x may1 on
 ! :ole1 be said1 t "o  half ! c\ntry is
 passable at all seasons by l&2 ?\gh !  
progress  w d\btless be sl[1 &          
difficult1 dur+ ! heavy falls ( ra94    
,int]c\rse is nev] at a /&4 ,! dawk1 or 

po/1 proce$s at all  seasons2 & is r>ely
 m ?an two days long] on its way f      
,calcutta to ! upp] prov9ces1 ?an at !  
favorable "t ( ! ye>4  ,bridges & f]ries
 are f\nd on all ! great roads2 :]eby   
regim5ts  h occasionally m>*$ on em]g5cy
 ) su* despat*1 z c\ld  sc>cely h be5   
exce$$ ev5 dur+ ! hot season4    ,!     
communication ) ,europe1 ov]l&1 has be5 
e/abli%$1 dur+  peaceable times1 = full 
tw5ty ye>s2 b x 0 n until ab\t  twelve  
ye>s ago1 t ! public h be5 p]mitt$ to   
avail  !mselves ( s ess5tial a means (  
correspond5ce at fix$ rates1 &  "u      
p>ticul> regulations4 ,prior to t p]iod1
 ! ,company us$ to  receive1 & to       
despat*1 packets ov]l&1 9 :i* occasional
  indulg5ces 7 grant$ to favor$         
individuals4 ,i ab/ract ?is f  ! v old  
cu/om ( s5d+ intellig5ce1 on sudd5      
occasions1 by !  despat* ( "s           
confid5tial p]son to or f ,india4 ,!    
utility (  "s p]man5t & c]ta9 conveyance
 = lett]s f a qu>t] daily  becom+ m     
opul5t1 & m important1 _c be d\bt$2 7 x 

only = ! purpose ( transmitt+ bills (   
ex*ange payable aft]  sight1 ! notices (
 bankruptcies1 ! in=mation ( int5d$     
consignm5ts1 ! /ate ( ! m>kets1 c41 su* 
a sy/ematic  communication mu/ be       
invaluable to ! sev]al m]*ants4 ,to !   
,gov]nm5t x is ( ! highe/ importance6   
,_m compla9 ( ! heavy  rates ( po/age   
ov]l&1 & o!rs ( ! sev]e re/rictions2 b  
su* compla9ts are ill f\nd$3 ! exp5ce ( 
! po/s is v heavy1  & x is indisp5sably 
necess>y = ,gov]nm5t to hold a sev]e    
*eck  ov] :atev] int]c\rse might lead to
 mis*ief4    ,! tables ( po/age1 & (    
bangy c>riage1 conta9$ 9 !  ,directory1 
w enable ! read] to judge h[ f> ! *>ges 
are f  be+ exorbitant3 he w n fail to   
recollect1 t ! sums paid 9  ,brita9 are 
v trifl+1 ow+ to ! imm5se int]c\rse     
subsi/+  betwe5 ! sev]al p>ts ( ! k+dom1
 f> beyond :at exi/s 9 any  "p ( ,india4
 ,ba? is ! same di/ance f ,london t !   
cantonm5ts ( ,b]hampore are f ,calcutta1
 viz4 #ajf miles3 ! =m]  pays #h;d4     
po/age1 ! latt] #d annas1 :i* is ab\t ! 

same sum3 !  o!r *>ges are consid]ably  
*eap]2 viz4 ,allahabad1 :i* is full     
five hundr$ miles f ,calcutta1 pays only
 #g annas 7ab\t #ac;d472 b  ?is is on ! 
great road1 :ile ! o!r is sc>cely to be 
consid]$  a ?or\ghf>e1 comp>$ ) :at x 0 
be=e ! new road 0 cut  ?r\gh ! ,ramghur 
di/rict to ,*un>4    ,) ! exception (   
su* p>ts z may be infe/$ by tig]s1 ! po/
  seldom or nev] fails ( arriv+ )9 an   
h\r ( its appo9t$ "t2  except1 z has be5
 obs]v$1 :5 ! wat]s are out2 9 :i* case1
  _m circuit\s roads mu/ be foll[$1     
:]eby ! way is consid]ably  l5g!n$ 9 !  
aggregate4 ,tak+ ! av]age1 a hundr$     
miles p] day  may be run ov] by ! dawk1 
or po/1 9 fair wea!r4 ,ea* mail-bag  is 
convey$ by an hirk>ah1 7or runn]17 :o is
 att5d$ by "o or two                    
doog-doogy-wallahs1 or drumm]s1 :o keep 
up a k9d ( #8long-roll1' z  !y pass any 
suspici\s place4 ,ord9>ily1 two         
mosaul*ees1 or  l9k-be>]s1 accompany ea*
 dawk2 &1 :]e tig]s are kn[n to  commit 
depr$ations1 "o or two te]9-dauzes1 or  

ar*]s1 are  suppli$1 "u ! int5tion (    
protect+ ! p>ty4 ,b su* puny aid  is (  
no avail2 = ! onset ( ! tig] is too     
sudd51 & too  discomfit+1 to all[ any   
ef=t ( consequ5ce to be tim\sly adopt$3 
! v act ( seizure is a dea?-bl[1 f :i*  
,i nev] he>d ( any  recov]y2 provid$ !  
unhappy victim 7 n s p>ticul>ly situat$ 
z to prev5t x f decid$ly tak+ effect4   
,"h x may be ne$ful to expla91 t a tig] 
inv>iably /rikes 8  prey ) ! =e paw1 9 s
 =cible a mann] z (t5 to fracture !     
skull2 :i*1 g5]ally1 is ! object aim$   
at3 _m ox5 h _h  _! *eek bones %iv]$ by 
! contusion4 ,x sometimes happ5s1 t  !  
m>ks ( "o or two claws are to be se51 b 
!y are g5]ally en  passant1 & by no     
means ! result ( prim>y int5tion4 ,!    
wri/ (  a tig] be+ (t5 ne>ly two feet 9 
circumf]5ce1 may give "s idea  ( !      
viol5ce ) :i* ! c\p de grace falls on ! 
head ( a  human be+6 ,! mosauls1 or     
flambeaux1 are int5d$ to intimidate  !  
tig]s1 z are also ! doog-doogies1 b     
exp]i5ce has %ewn  t1 :5 hungry1 tig]s  

are n to be re/ra9$ by any su* device3  
inde$1 in/ances h occurr$ ( ! mosaul*ees
 !mselves be+  c>ri$ (f4 ,x w\ld1       
nev]!less1 be presumptu\s to judge f su*
  p>tial data1 t _m tig]s are n det]r$  
by ! noise & fire  accompany+ !         
lett]-c>ri]s2 on ! contr>y1 !re %\ld r  
seem a probability1 t _m "y tig]s1 or   
su* gr[n ones z may  n be hungry1 nor be
 att5d$ by cubs1 are frequ5tly          
intimidat$ f  ^? attacks !y w\ld make b 
= ^! precautions4 ,a resid5ce (  two    
ye>s at ,haz>y-,bang1 ! /ation = a      
battalion 9 ! ,ramghur  di/rict1 enabl$ 
me to =m a fair e/imate ( ! dang]s to   
:i* !  dawk1 & travell]s 9 g5]al1 7     
subject4 ,dur+ "s seasons1  ! roads 7   
sc>cely to be consid]$ passable2 day    
aft] day1 =  ne>ly a =tnight 9          
succession1 "s ( ! dawk p 7 c>ri$  (f1  
ei!r at ,goomeah1 ,kanna*itty1          
,katcums&y1 or ,dungaie2 f\r  passes 9 t
 c\ntry1 all fam\s = ! exploits ( ^!    
enemies to  ! human race6    ,s few     
valuables are ev] s5t by ! po/1 t ?ieves

 nev] attempt  any depr$ations on !     
lett]-bags4 ,hoondis 7i4e4 bank]'s      
drafts7  w\ld be ( no use :atev] to !m2 
& z bank notes are n 9  g5]al curr5cy1  
no object is held out = ent]prize ( t   
description4 ,nor d ! dawk-bangies1 or  
p>cel-dawks1 (f] any  sub/antial        
inducem5t2 =1 ev5 if any plate1 or      
wat*es1 or tr9kets1  7 to be s5t by su* 
a conveyance1 ! want ( a m>ket1 & !     
impossibility ( confid+ 9 any village   
jewell]1 w\ld r5d] ! act  bo? haz>d\s & 
unavail+4 ,h5ce1 ! dawk g5]ally proce$s 
9  p]fect safety1 ?r\gh\t e "p ( !      
c\ntry2 :ile !  bangies maybe consid]$  
equally secure2 except1 inde$1 9 "s p>ts
  ( ! dom9ions ( ! ,nabob ,vizi] (      
,oude1 :]e a lawless  uncontroll$ b&itti
 subject e pass5g] to contribution3 ?is 
evil  is =tunately on ! decl9e1 9       
consequ5ce ( our hav+ assum$ !  re9s (  
gov]nm5t4    ,x has frequ5tly be5 ask$  
:y1 9 a c\ntry s completely "u our      
control1 we did n e/abli% mails1 simil> 
to ^? 9 use ?r\gh\t  ,engl&4 ,be=e ?is c

 be effect$1 an imm5se revolution mu/   
take  place1 n only 9 ! m9ds ( !        
natives1 b 9 ! features ( !  c\ntry4 ,at
 pres5t1 !re appe>s no desire on ! "p ( 
!  inhabitants to communicate by l&1    
f>!r ?an may be necess>y =  ! purpose ( 
att5d+ hauts1 7m>kets17 maylahs1        
7fairs17 or =  ! resort to c]ta9 places 
( wor%ip1 c4 ,= su* purposes1 a         
p$e/rian trip suffices2 or1 at ! utmo/1 
a poney1 wor? only a few  %ill+s1 is    
ei!r borr[$ or hir$4 ,! contact ( v>i\s 
ca/s1  or sects1 be+ consid]$ a         
pollution1 x is n to be suppos$ t a     
,h9du w\ld l to be p5t up1 = h\rs       
toge!r1 ) a ,mahom$an1  :o makes no     
scruple ( kill+ & eat+ a c[3 or t !     
,mussulman  w\ld1 9 8 turn1 feel        
com=table "u simil> circum/ances1 ) a   
,briti% kaufur1 7unbeliev]17 :o1 besides
 8 condemnation ( !  prophet1 makes no  
scruple ( dev\r+ ham & bacon :olesale6  
,admitt+ t all p>ties %\ld be agre$ to  
associate )9 ! body  ( a /age-coa*1 /ill
 !re w\ld n exi/ int]c\rse suffici5t to 

support ! exp5ces1 9 a qu>t] :]e horses 
are s de>1 & :]e  ! necess>y repairs    
c\ld n1 9 case ( accid5t1 be promptly   
effect$4 ,!n1 aga91 ! roads mu/ be      
suitably made1 at an enorm\s  exp5ce1 & 
be aft]w>ds support$ by heavy           
disbursem5ts1 or by a  contribution (   
labor on ! "p ( ! l&-hold]s1 by no means
  agreeable to _! feel+s4 ,all ?is may1 
9 "t1 pass "u a  complete metamorphosis3
 ! produce ( ! c\ntry w be m  g5]ally   
e/imable2 ! p w relax greatly f !       
vigor\s  att5tion n[ paid to religi\s   
t5ets2 &1 z _! prejudices may  give way 
to _! true int]e/s1 w ext5d _!          
speculations )\t  fe> or re/riction4 ,^?
 :o may !n inhabit ,india1 w see roads1 
mails1 & inns2 :]eas1 at pres5t1 !re are
 only pa?ways &  runn]s1 b no inns4 ,!re
 are1 to be sure1 s]aies & *\ltries1  = 
! accommodation ( travell]s1 b ^! are   
mo/ly go+ fa/ to  decay2 &1 at ! be/1 c 
be view$ only z %elt] = m5 &  cattle2   
goods be+ usually left expos$ to !      
wea!r4 ,!  byte>5s1 or female cooks1 :o 

ply1 9 m ?an "o capacity1 at  su*       
places1 & :o1 on receiv+ money be=e-h&1 
buy & cook su*  victuals z may be ord]$1
 or ! place may af=d1 _c be  consid]$   
o!rwise ?an z m5ials1 & n to be class$ )
 our  inn-keep]s2 no1 nor ev5 ) ! poore/
 village retail]1 #8,lysun/  to del 9   
,t1 ,k(fy1 & ,tibaky6'    ,!re is1      
h[ev]1 a wide field = practical         
improvem5t2 z may be  fully und]/ood f !
 foll[+ /atem5t4 ,! dawk r>ely travels  
at a less exp5ce ?an tw5ty-five rupees  
p] mon?1 = ea* /age (  eight miles 7f\r 
cosses7 on ! av]age4 ,?is sum is absorb$
 by a  moon%y at ea* *okey1 or relief at
 ! end ( a /age1 :o  pret5ds to be v    
scrupul\s 9 reg>d to asc]ta9+ t all !   
p>cels are "r1 b :o1 z ,i h repeat$ly   
witness$1 is m  int5t on receiv+ little 
pres5ts ( ottah1 7meal17 spices1 c41    
s5t to him f ! neighb\r+ villages1 9    
return = lett]s  convey$ by !           
dawk-hirk>ahs1 :o are sometimes lad5    
pretty heavily  ) su* contributions4 ,i 
speak f :at ,i h be5 an eye-witness to  

repeat$ly2 z to he>-say1 mu* m might be 
ass]t$4 ,x appe>s to  me t ! above sum  
w\ld c>ry on ! sy/em ) d\ble ! spe$1  & 
d\ble ! effici5cy4 ,9 lieu ( s5d+ (f    
f\r1 five1 & six1  m5 ) ! dawks1 let a  
horseman convey ! bags = ab\t twelve    
miles1 on an all[ance ( fifte5 rupees p]
 mon? = man & horse2  &1 dur+ ! ra9y    
season1 :5 ! roads are deep1 let a fre% 
horse  be all[$ = ! sev]al returns1     
in/ead ( caus+ ! same man &  horse to   
return ) ! c\nt]-dawks4 ,on ! above     
all[ance a v  good /e$ might be kept1 ! 
cel]ity ( ! dawk w\ld be greatly        
encreas$1 & !re w\ld be no occasion =   
moon%ies1 except at  su* *okies z might 
be ^u div]g+ roads1 :]e x w\ld be       
necess>y to h ! prop] p>cels sort$ out1 
& deliv]$ to !  v>i\s bran*-dawks4      
,travell+ 9 a palanqu9 by dawk1 7i4e4   
po/17 is effect$ mu*  9 ! same mann] z !
 despat* ( ! dawks4 ,be>]s are /ation$  
at ! sev]al /ages1 = ! purpose ( relief2
 ea* /ation1 9  g5]al1 supply+ eight    
be>]s1 & a bangy1 9 all n9e m51  toge!r 

) "o or two mosaul*ies = night /ages4 ,!
 exp5ce (  travell+ 9 ?is mann] w dep5d 
greatly on ! di/ance3 if only a  %ort   
j\rney is to be made1 su* z may be      
compass$ )9 eight or  t5 h\rs1 no?+ m is
 ne$ful ?an to s5d on a set1 or two1 (  
be>]s1 :o !n receive _! daily hire ( f\r
 annas 7#h;d47 ea*1  :ile out f home2   
or1 if !re %\ld exi/ ! means ( s do+1 a 
hirk>ah1 7or mess5g]17 may be despat*$  
to collect be>]s at !  sev]al /ages4 ,9 
?is mann]1 ! relays may be prop]ly      
suppli$1 &  ! co/ w n am\nt to m ?an a  
rupee = ?ree miles2 equal to  t5-p5ce a 
mile2 :]eas1 9 ! ord9>y mode ( hav+     
be>]s laid  by ! po/-ma/]1 ea* mile w   
co/ full "o rupee1 7i4e4 #bs4  #f;d417  
besides v>i\s little disbursem5ts by way
 ( buxees1 or  pres5ts1 to e set ( be>]s
 9 ! j\rney3 ^! may be fairly  e/imat$  
at two rupees = e set1 or relief1 :i*1  
if !  di/ances run by ea* %\ld av]age t5
 miles1 w be ab\t tw5ty  rupees 7#b4    
#ajs47 = e hundr$ miles4 ,! ord9>y rate 
( ?is  k9d ( conveyance may be rat$ at  

f\r miles p] h\r dur+ ! cold  season1   
?ree & a half dur+ ! hot season1 & f two
 to ?ree  dur+ ! ra9s1 provid$ ! wat]s  
are n mu* out3 o!rwise1 no  e/imate c be
 =m$4 ,! above includes /ops4    ,!     
e/abli%m5t ( dawk-bangies = ! conveyance
 ( p>cels1 at  rates 9 proportion to _! 
weights respectively1 has produc$       
consid]able conv5i5ce to ^? :o reside at
 a di/ance f !  ,presid5cy4 ,until ?is  
plan 0 adopt$1 few c\ld s5d small       
articles1  su* z tr9kets1 c41 to !      
,presid5cy1 b "u favor ( "s  individual 
:o might p]*ance be travell+ ?i!r1 & :o 
might  possibly be "s mon?s on ! way3 ! 
same inconv5i5ce att5d$ !  return2 s t x
 0 n uncommon = a g5tleman ^: wat*      
requir$  inspection1 to be f\r or five  
mon?s depriv$ ( its use4 ,?is is n[     
done away1 & a wat*1 c4 may be s5t f    
,cawnpore to ,calcutta1 !re  und]go     
repair1 & be return$ ) ease1 9 ! c\rse (
 a mon?1 or  less4    ,! same k9d (     
conv5i5ce is1 ( c\rse1 af=d$ reg>d+     
books1  & all o!r articles too bulky1 or

 too heavy1 to proce$ by !  dawk1 b n ( 
suffici5t importance to induce !        
employm5t ( a  boat1 or ( a bangy1 to   
convey !m3 nor1 inde$1 c\ld a s+le  be>]
 travel ) a bangy m ?an tw5ty miles )9 !
  tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 s t he w\ld be full a 
mon? 9 go+ f  ,calcutta to ,cawnpore2   
:]eas1 ! dawk-bangies travel by relays (
  be>]s1 !re=e c almo/ keep up ) !      
dawk-hirk>ahs1 :o  c>ry ! mail-bags     
susp5d$ at ! end ( a /ick ov] _!        
%\ld]s4    ,! communication by wat]     
betwe5 ,calcutta & ! sev]al subord9ate  
/ations1 :e!r civil or milit>y1 is mu*  
resort$ to2 dur+ !  ra9y season 9       
p>ticul>4 ,at t "t1 few are inaccessible
 to craft  ( "s description1 ?\gh b = a 
:ile3 ^? imm5se falls ( ra9  :i* cause !
 rav9es to fill1 & e little creek to    
become  navigable = boats ( t5 or fifte5
 tons1 swell ! ,ganges1 & !  o!r great  
riv]s1 to an a/oni%+ height2 caus+ !m to
 run )  awful velocity4 ,! riv]s g5]ally
 rise 9 ,may1 b a few in*es only1  9    
,june1 !y (t5 approa* ! summits ( _!    

banks1 betwe5 :i*  !y fluctuate1 ris+ & 
fall+ until ! great swell1 :i* takes    
place 9 ,augu/4 ,sometimes ! riv] rises 
twice1 sometimes ?rice1 or1  ev5 f\r    
times1 dur+ ! season2 b1 9 g5]al1 "o    
ample  inundation s]ves all ! purposes (
 agriculture1 provid$ ! ra9s d  n       
aft]w>ds abate too sudd5ly 9 ,septemb]1 
be=e ! rice is cut4  ,:5 su* an untimely
 cessation takes place1 x is att5d$ )   
great  mortality3 ! imm5se expanse (    
slime1 sudd5ly expos$ to !  influ5ce ( !
 sun1 !n on ! equ9octial1 ?r[s =? ! mo/ 
de/ructive miasma1 :]eby epidemics1 ( ! 
mo/ dang]\s  description1 are propagat$4
    ,! swell+ ( ! great riv]s is a matt]
 ( great unc]ta9ty2  sometimes !y rise v
 e>ly1 be=e ! quantity ( ra9 t falls  9 
! l[] prov9ces c\ld lead to !           
expectation ( _! do+ s3  :5 ?is is !    
case1 x is n uncommon to see !          
,cossimbaz> riv]1  commonly call$ !     
,baugrutty1 ne>ly dry at night1 & full  
tw5ty  feet1 or m1 deep ! next morn+4 ,9
 o!r seasons ! wat]s are  v t>dy2 a     

matt] ( s]i\s mom5t to ! husb&man1 :o is
  naturally anxi\s to plant 8 crop (    
rice 9 due "t1 s t x may  be securely   
atta*$ to ! soil be=e ! great inundation
 comes on4  ,! gr[? ( ! rice /alk is    
c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ curi\s pro(s  (      
nature's adaptation ( t plant to !      
situation 9 :i* x is  cultivat$2 namely1
 9 ! wat]3 x w n ?rive unless ! /em be  
imm]s$ = sev]al in*es2 &1 ow+ to !      
=mation ( its /alk1  :i* draws out l !  
conc5tric tubes ( a pocket telescope1 x 
c  put =? _m feet 9 ! c\rse ( a few     
h\rs1 s z1 app>5tly1 to  gr[ z fa/ z !  
wat] may rise1 & to keep its pannicle f 
be+  ov]fl[$4 ,x is by no means r>e = ! 
rice /alks to %oot =?  f five to six    
feet dur+ ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs3 ,i h se5 x d
  mu* m6    ,9 p>ts subject to ! regul> 
annual inundation1 all ! villages are   
built on ris+ gr\nds3 _m /& on          
artificial m\nds1 =m$ by  excavations   
ar\nd _! bases1 s t !y are surr\nd$     
ne>ly by  moats1 9 :i* _! d+ies1 or     
small boats1 are imm]s$ dur+ !  dry     

season1 & af=d+ admirable refre%m5t to  
_! buffaloes  dur+ ! summ] heats4 ,b x  
sometimes happ5s1 t ! wat]s rise  to s  
great a height z to endang] ev5 ^!      
elevat$ villages2 "s  ( :i* are !n      
completely inundat$4 ,to avoid ?is1 mo/ 
( !  h\ses are built ^u piles1 or /akes1
 !reby to raise _! floors  f f\r to six 
feet above ! gr\nd1 & op5 en\gh to p]mit
 !  wat]s to pass ?r\gh ) fre$om4 ,9 !  
dry "t ( ! ye>1 !  cattle are           
occasionally kept )9 ! areas ?us enclos$
 "u !  floors2 b1 :ile ! inundation is  
at its height1 s z to insulate a        
village completely1 all ! live /ock are 
kept 9 boats moor$ ar\nd  x1 :]e !y are 
f$ by a species ( ! doob1 or doop-grass1
  dragg$ up f ! bottom ( ! wat]s by     
means ( split bamboos1 made  to s]ve z  
=ks3 b = s provid5tial a supply1 !      
cattle mu/ be  l$ scores ( miles to "s  
"p ( ! c\ntry1 ^: elevation exempts  x f
 inundation4    ,! m5tion ( a c\ntry be+
 s completely "u wat]1 _c b  cause      
consid]able surprize4 ,! fact is1 h[ev]1

 too well kn[n to be  disput$4 ,ev5 at  
,b]hampore1 :i* is n consid]$ )9 !      
ord9>y v]ge ( inundation1 x is common to
 see boats ( great  bur!n1 p]haps fifty 
tons1 sail+ ov] ! pla9s1 z ?r\gh a      
b\ndless sea4 ,z to ! c\ntry ly+ betwe5 
! m\? ( !  ,jell+hy & ! deb\*ures ( !   
,ganges1 t is always ov]fl[$  = full    
?ree mon?s1 p]haps to ! av]age dep? ( t5
 or twelve  feet4 ,i h sail$ ov] x full 
a hundr$ miles by ! compass2 aid$1      
inde$1 by "s rem>kable villages1        
mosques1 banks1 c41 well kn[n to  !     
boatm51 :o1 probably f _! e>lie/ days1  
_h trav]s$ !  same expanse dur+ e ra9y  
season4    ,7 x n = ! wat] be+ /rongly  
color$1 & ! /r5g? (  ! curr5t1 x w\ld n 
be easy 9 _m places to di/+ui% !  great 
riv]s :i* are cross$ 9 /e]+ ?r\gh ?is   
fre%-wat]  ocean3 ! wat] ( ! inundation 
is g5]ally ( a blui% t+e1  d]iv$ f !    
quantity ( vegetable matt] at ! bottom1 
( :i* a  c]ta9 quantity decays1 &       
p>tially ta9ts ! fluid4 ,a l>ge portion 
is conceal$ by ! d'haun1 7or rice17 :i* 

rises above its surface4  ,?is1 9 ! fir/
 in/ance1 be>s ! appe>ance ( a long     
grass1 ( a  ri* gre51 ris+ above !      
surface1 s z to be mi/ak5 at a little   
di/ance = t]ra firma3 gradually1 !      
pannicles %oot =?1 ( a  pale-dun color1 
turn+1 z !y rip51 to a deep dun1 or     
light clay4    ,! gra9s ( rice1 :i* are 
call$ by ,europeans #8paddy1' reta9 !   
"n ( d'haun s long z 9 _! coats2 z we   
(t5 see a few gra9s  among ! rice       
import$ to u3 ^! coats are peculi>ly h>%
 to !  feel1 & are flut$ longitud9ally1 
s t no wat] c lodge ^u  !m4 ,ea* gra9 is
 fa/5$ to a %ort /alk1 jo9+ to a ma9    
/em1  & furni%+ a v pleas+ bun* ( gra91 
n v dissimil> to an  e> ( oats1 b f>    
ri*]1 bo? 9 color1 & 9 quantity4 ,rice  
has no  husk or *aff2 !re=e is easily   
sep>at$ f ! /raw1 :i* is  eat5 by cattle
 :5 no o!r prov5d] c be _h1 & makes     
excell5t  litt]1 x be+ v long & s(t4    
,:]e ! inundation prevails1 !  /raw is (
 little use3 ! gra9 be+ cut 9 boats1 & !
 /raw  settl+ at ! bottom z ! wat]s     

subside2 !reby add+ to !  natural       
f]tility ( ! soil4 ,9 ! m elevat$ p>ts1 
! /raw is  cut ! same z 9 ! rubbee1 or  
corn crops1 & bundl$ = dome/ic          
purposes3 !re1 its l5g? r>ely exce$s two
 feet1 :]eas1 among !  inundations1 x is
 (t5 se5 f fifte5 to eighte5 feet 9     
l5g?4  ,! head1 or pannicle1 g5]ally    
be>s f a hundr$ & fifty1 to  ?ree       
hundr$1 gra9s ( rice4    ,two modes (   
cle>+ rice f ! %ell are 9 use2 ! "o     
p]=m$  by ! v simple process ( scald+1  
:i* occasions ! rice to  swell1 & to    
bur/ ! %ell1 s t ! latt] is remov$ ) v  
little tr\ble2 ! o!r is1 by putt+ !     
d'haun into an imm5se  wood5 mort>1     
call$ an ookly1 & beat+ x by !          
application (  two or m beetles1 call$  
moosuls1 ( ab\t f\r feet 9 l5g?1 by     
?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 %od at ! bottom ) 
iron f]ules1 &  ?9n$ t[>ds _! c5tres1 s 
z to be grasp$ by ! wom52 ea*           
alt]nately impell+ "o1 9 ne>ly a        
p]p5dicul> direction1 among  ! d'haun 9 
! ookly4 ,aft] ! %ells h be5 duly       

sep>at$1  ! rice1 n[ call$ *\l1 is      
sep>at$1 by w9n[+ ei!r 9 a  /rong       
draught ( air1 or by means ( a k9d (    
scoop1 made ( f9e  wick]-"w1 call$ a    
soop1 :]e) ! native wom5 c mo/          
dext]\sly sep>ate diff]5t k9ds ( corn1 &
 effectually remove all  rubbi%4 ,! coat
 ( rice is peculi>ly h>%1 & n mu* reli%$
 by  cattle3 ,i h se5 x mix$ ) dung =   
fuel ) excell5t effect4    ,! natives1 9
 g5]al1 make little di/9ction betwe5 !  
rice  sep>at$ by scald+1 :i* is call$   
oosnah1 & t dress$ by !  ookly1 :i* is  
call$ urwah2 b "s ( ! m fa/idi\s pref]  
"o or ! o!r1 accord+ to p>ticul>        
prejudices h&$ d[n 9  _! families1 or   
suppos$ to app]ta9 to _! respective     
sects4 ,i  ?9k ! scald$ rice g5]ally    
defici5t 9 flavor2 ! gra9s are  l>g]1 & 
less compact2 ! beat5 rice c]ta9ly boils
 ) r  m difficulty1 b appe>s :it]1 &    
dri]4 ,! scald$ rice does  n imm$iately 
sep>ate f ! coat1 b is usually submitt$ 
to !  op]ation ( a ma*9e compos$ ( a /\t
 beam1 ne>ly equipois$ by  means ( a    

?or\gh-p91 on a =k1 ( wood also1 fix$ 9 
! gr\nd4    ,x is inconceivable :at     
quantities ( rice1 ( a co>se r$di% ca/1 
b peculi>ly sweet1 & l>ge gra9$1 are    
prep>$1 ab\t  ,back]gunge1 ne> !        
deb\*ure ( ! ,megna1 = exportation4 ,9 t
  qu>t] fuel is *eap1 & wat] conveyance 
e :]e at h&2 s t  ! imm5se crops rais$ 9
 ! inundat$ di/ricts f9d a ready sale4  
,! av]age return f a bigah ( #afjj squ>e
 y>ds1 ( ?ree  bigahs to our /atute     
acre1 s[n ) ab\t tw5ty-five se]s (      
d'haun1 may be tak5 at n9e maunds4 ,!   
price ( ! gra91 :5  cle>$ ( its coat1   
may be f ?irty to =ty se]s ( f9e rice1 &
  f sixty ev5 to a hundr$ & tw5ty se]s  
7i4e4 ?ree maunds7 (  co>se1 commonly   
call$ #8c>go-rice4' ,b ! dem& always    
regulates  ! value2 especially :5 great 
consignm5ts are =w>d$ to ! coa/  (      
,corom&el4    ,l>ge quantities ( rice   
are usually cle>$ by contract1 ! op]ator
  receiv+ ! gra9 at ! door ( ! golah1 or
 w>eh\se1 :]e he  sets up 8 cauldron &  
ma*9es1 & return+ tw5ty-five se]s (     

clean rice = e maund 7=ty se]s7 deliv]$ 
to him2 he f9d+  ! fuel1 & res]v+ !     
husks4 ,9 a c\ntry :]e labor is s v     
*eap1 x is n s v necess>y to h rec\rse  
to me*anical  devices = ! purpose (     
dim9i%+ ! exp5ce ( su* op]ations2  yet x
 occurs to me1 t1 7 tide :eels to be us$
 at ,back]gunge  & else:]e1 or a float+ 
mill1 l t moor$ betwe5 ,blackfri>s'  &  
,london ,bridge1 to be made out ( "s    
condemn$ hulk1 an imm5se  advantage w\ld
 be ga9$ 9 reg>d to "t4 ,by ! prop]     
adaptation (  ma*9]y1 :]eby ! rice might
 be hoi/$ 91 or l[]$ d[n1 ei!r  by ! =ce
 ( wat]1 or ( /eam1 & ! beetles be      
prop]ly work$1  ! gra9 might c]ta9ly be 
prep>$ = m>ket 9 less "t1 &  inf9itely  
less *>ge = cooly hire1 9 l&+1 load+1   
c43  %\ld ?is h9t be well receiv$ by any
 speculat+ ,european1 x might  t5d to   
l[] ! prices ( rice at ^? times1 :51    
ei!r f want  ( labor]s1 or f ! exp$i5cy 
( %ipp+ (f ) z little delay  z possible1
 ! sav+ ( a few days might prove an     
object (  importance4 ,at all ev5ts1 !  

"w might be done m regul>ly1 m          
frugally1 & m indep5d5tly1 ?an by manual
 process4    ,! rice gr[n 9 ! l[        
c\ntries by no means equals t produc$ 9 
! upl&s1 :]e x is cultivat$ ) great c>e1
 & subject$ to  _m vicissitudes 9 reg>d 
to ! /ate ( moi/ure 9 :i* its roots  are
 reta9$4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! mo/ hilly       
di/ricts d'haun is to  be se5 9 e little
 n>r[ valley1 w9d+ among ! bases ( ^?   
/up5d\s em95ces f :i* ! torr5ts ( ra9   
supply a  sup]abundant fl[ ( moi/ure at 
"o "t1 :ile1 at o!rs1 only !  little    
rills proce$+ f boggy spr+s seem to fe$ 
! artificial  pools 9 :i* ! gr[+ plants 
are kept 9 a /ate ( semi-imm]sion1  by  
means ( small embankm5ts made ( mud4 ,9 
e in/ance !  d'haun is to be kept duly  
wat]$2 else x )]s1 & becomes            
unproductive4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve ! wat] 
z mu* z possible1 !  b$1 or level1 ne>e/
 to ! spr+s1 is rais$ z high z c be     
af=d$1 & its ext]ior bord] bank$ up1 to 
ab\t a foot & a half1  ) soil3 ! next   
level may be f a foot to a y>d l[]1 &   

receives ! ov]fl[2 :i* is aga9 pass$ on 
to ! next l[] b$2  & ?us1 9 succession1 
= p]haps a mile or m2 ! ends ( !  b$s   
requir+ no embankm5t1 on acc\nt ( ! l&  
ris+ on ei!r  side4 ,su* situations af=d
 a c]ta9 crop 9 ord9>y seasons2 &1 if  !
 ra9s %\ld fail1 ! dews fall+ on !      
adjac5t hills1 g5]ally  cov]$ ) jungle (
 "s k9d1 ord9>ily af=d moi/ure en\gh to 
keep up ! spr+s1 ?us caus+ suffici5t    
dampness to prev5t !  rice f p]i%+1 be=e
 "s ample %[]s may aga9 float ! :ole  ( 
! irrigat$ cultivation4 ,rice ?us       
produc$ is commonly small 9  gra91 r    
long & wiry1 b rem>kably :ite1 &        
admirably suit$  to ! table4 ,! natives1
 ?\gh !y admire its appe>ance1 are n    
p>tial to x2 !y g5]ally pref]r+ !       
l>g]-bodi$ gra91 ) a  r$di% inn] r9d1   
:i* does n readily sep>ate1 :5 new1 f ! 
rice3 ?is k9d1 z ,i h be=e express$1 is 
assur$ly ! sweete/1  & is1 on t acc\nt1 
pref]r$ by ^? :o di/il arrack4          
,remot5ess f ! sea air is said to be !  
reason :y ! up-c\ntry  rice possesses   

less sac*>9e matt] ?an t gr[n ne> !     
sea-coa/1 & among ! inundation2 b ?is   
appe>s an errone\s  judgm5t4 ,!re is1 no
 d\bt1 a great encrease ( sac*>9e matt] 
9  plants 7( ! same g5us7 cultivat$ on  
spots well manur$3 n[1 few1  if any1 ( !
 places devot$ to ! cultivation ( rice 9
 ! upp]  c\ntry1 receive mu* aid f      
manure2 nor are !y1 9 g5]al1 subject  to
 ! reception ( nutriti\s p>ticles1 su* z
 are ei!r float$  d[n1 or are eng5d]$ & 
deposit$ by1 ! inundation1 :i* may be   
view$ z ! gr& dept ( :atev] c enri* !   
soil4 ,:5 we look  to ! l>ge tracts (   
pla91 n subject to su* an imm5se fl[ (  
fecul\s moi/ure1 b seem+ m]ely z        
res]voirs = ! ret5tion (  local ra9s1 we
 %all !n see1 t ! sup]ior sweetness ( ! 
rice  produc$ ab\t ,back]gunge1 ,dacca1 
,hajygunge1 ,luricool1 ,mahom$pore1     
,com]colly1 ,jessore1 c41 is to be      
attribut$ solely to ! sup]ior  fatness (
 ! soil1 on :i* ! mo/ luxuriant crops ( 
cotton1 & (  escul5ts1 are rais$ dur+ ! 
dry season4 ,:5 ! soil is fre%  turn$ up

 = ! second crop1 x is g5]ally v        
(f5sive1 &1  d\btless1 by no means      
favorable to ! heal? ( ! cultivators1   
:o1  at t season1 7commonly 9 ,novemb]1 
,decemb]1 & ,janu>y17 are  subject$ to v
 ob/9ate agues4    ,rice is v subject to
 ! weevil1 :i* (t5 multiplies among x s 
fa/1 z to ?reat5 de/ruction to ! :ole   
dept4 ,! natives h  rec\rse to a v      
simple prev5tive2 viz4 by plac+ "o or   
two live  cray-fi% )9 ! heap3 _!        
effluvia quickly expel ! pr$atory       
tribe4 ,"h we h a "q = naturali/s &     
philosoph]s2 a  "q pregnant ) int]e/ to 
! agricultural _w1 namely1  #8,:e!r !re 
is any p>ticul>1 & :at1 prop]ty 9 a live
  cray-fi%1 t produces ?is effect ^u    
insects "u su*  circum/ances8' ,:atev]  
may be ! cause1 ! effect is well kn[n2  
!re=e ! enquiry is s f> =w>d$ z to      
furni% data1 or at  lea/ h9ts1 respect+ 
^? results :i* might be expect$ bo? f   
m>9e productions1 & f o!r liv+ bodies4  
,! inhabitants ( !  l[] prov9ces are    
*iefly ,h9dus2 !re=e1 ow+ to religi\s   

t5ets1 by :i* !y are l$ to consid] almo/
 e animal z  unclean1 few exp]im5ts c\ld
 be expect$ to take place among !m2     
o!rwise1 we might probably h f\nd t any 
liv+ animal1 su* z  a rat1 a frog1 c41  
if conf9$ 9 a small box1 & plac$ )9 a   
heap  ( rice infe/$ by weevils1 w\ld    
produce a simil> effect4 ,rice is by  no
 means subject to ?is species (         
depr$ation :5 9 ! coat1 t  is1 9 ! /ate 
call$ d'haun1 b ! natives are av]se to  
reta9+ x 9 t =m1 because ! gra9s %r9k   
consid]ably1 &1  :5 beat out = sale1 d n
 occupy s mu* space z :5 expos$ to  !   
air4 ,h5ce1 x is an object ) !          
rice-m]*ants to dispose (  _! crops be=e
 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 unless ! m>kets may be s
  glutt$ z to cause t gra9 to sell1 z x 
has 9 "s ye>s done1 at  su* l[ prices z 
c\ld n fail to ru9 ! f>m]4 ,x has be5   
kn[n  s *eap z sev5 & eight maunds      
7equal to sev5 cwt47 = a rupee6  ,:5 ?is
 happ5s1 su* m]*ants z h ! comm& ( money
 r>ely  fail to make imm5se =tunes4 ,_m 
h be5 kn[n to possess f\r or  five lacs 

( maunds6    ,rice is ! mo/ common      
article ( food among ! natives1 :e!r    
,h9dus or ,mussulmans1 ?r\gh\t ! l[]    
prov9ces1 :]e x is to be  f\nd 9 f>     
great] abundance ?an corn ( any         
description4 ,!  inhabitants ( ! upp]   
prov9ces1 :]e :eat & b>ley are          
cultivat$ to su* an ext5t z to be sold 9
 ! retail = ab\t a  rupee & a qu>t]1 & a
 rupee1 respectively1 subsi/ *iefly on !
  meals ( ^? gra9s2 :i*1 be+ well knead$
 ) wat]1 are made  into *[-patties1 or  
bannocks1 are bak$ at ! common *oolahs1 
& are bo? palatable & n\ri%+4 ,! natives
 hold an op9ion t  rice is v injuri\s to
 ! sight2 b1 ,i believe1 :atev] injury  
may  arise f its use proce$s entirely f 
eat+ x too hot1 & 9 su*  quantities at  
"o meal1 g5]ally ab\t sun-set1 z c      
sc>cely fail to  injure ! /oma*4        
,b>ley-meal is consid]$1 & ) great      
ju/ice1  to be v n\ri%+1 b heat+2 !re=e 
mo/ ( ^? :o pref]  ottah 7meal7 to rice1
 use t made f :eat4 ,l>ge quantities (  
rice are c>ri$ upw>ds1 t[>ds ! ,nabob   

,vizi]'s dom9ions1 :]e x  sells to great
 advantage2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 imm5se   
consignm5ts  ( corn1 *iefly :eat1 b>ley1
 & r'hur1 are made f ^? p>ts  t[>ds !   
l[] di/ricts2 :]e !y are consum$ by all 
classes (  p]sons4 ,:ile ! ,baugrutty1  
7i4e4 ! ,cossimbaz> riv]17 & !          
,jell+hy1 bo? ( :i* bran* f ! ,ganges1  
&1 unit+ at  ,nuddeah1 =m ! ,hoogly1 :i*
 passes ,calcutta1 are op51 boats ( all 
k9ds proce$ t way2 b *iefly ?r\gh ! =m] 
*annel1 on :i*  ,moor%adabad1           
,b]hampore1 ,cossimbaz>1 & ,jungypore1  
are situate4 ,?is  is ! %orte/ l9e (    
communication by wat] betwe5 !          
,presid5cy  & ! upp] prov9ces2 b1       
un=tunately1 x is op5 only = ab\t  six  
mon?s 9 ! ye>2 x r>ely hav+ wat] be=e ! 
middle (  ,june1 & be+ commonly r$uc$ to
 a v l[ ebb by ! middle (  ,decemb]2    
?\gh1 9 "s ye>s1 x rema9s navigable =   
small boats  = a mon? or six weeks      
long]4 ,x may1 inde$1 be pass$ 9 su* all
  ! ye> ?r\gh1 provid$ !y be dragg$ ov] 
! %all[s1 :i*1  (t5 = a mile or m1      

oppose ! progress ( :atev] may draw m   
?an a few in*es ( wat]3 9 su* case1 !   
bottom ( a boat %\ld be  good1 o!rwise  
%e may be /ra9$ by ! imm5se ex]tions (  
p]haps  fifty m51 :o1 rang+ along ei!r  
side1 & dragg+ by means (  ropes1 z well
 z by pu%+ & lift+ beh9d1 =ce h] along !
  %all[s1 & ?us pass h] ov] all ! m     
prom95t ob/acles4 ,i  h1 m ?an once1 _h 
a v small pulw>-budjr[ navigat$1 if ,i  
may s call x1 d[n ! ,baugrutty1 f       
,mohanahpore1 at ! m\? (  t riv]1 z f> z
 ,b]hampore2 :i*1 by l&1 is full =ty    
miles1  &1 by wat]1 _c be less ?an      
sev5ty4 ,b !re are s _m b>s1  or %oals1 
betwe5 ,b]hampore & ,augah-,deep1 ab\t  
?irty-five miles by  l&1 l[] d[n1 z to  
r5d] t "p absolutely impassable1 except 
:5 ! riv] has an av]age dep? ( two feet1
 or two feet & a half4    ,dur+ ! dry   
mon?s1 ! :ole ( ! commodities transmitt$
 f !  upp] prov9ces to ! ,presid5cy1 ) !
 exception ( "s few  articles ( small   
compass1 :i* may be l&$ at ,bagwangolah1
 &  proce$ to ,augah-,deep ov]l&1 are   

s5t d[n ! ,ganges = ! purpose  ( proce$+
 ?r\gh ! ,soond]bunds4 ,?is highly      
int]e/+1 b  difficult navigation1 rea*es
 f ! ,megna to ,calcutta1 ne> to :i*  a 
canal (f]s to adv5tur]s a safe & easy   
communication betwe5 !  ,hoogly & !     
,salt-,wat] ,lake1 :i* lies at ! back ( 
,calcutta4 ,!  g5]ality ( trad+ &       
passage vessels proce$ by ?is cut1 pay+ 
a  mod]ate toll1 ei!r on ! tonnage ( !  
=m]1 or ! numb] (  o>s ( ! latt]4 ,b !  
salt vessels despat*$ f ,joynaghur1 c41 
) ! produce ( ! diff]5t pans 9 t qu>t]1 
commonly take  ! l[] passages ne>       
,*+ree-,cauly1 & ,culpee1 :i* are by f> 
! mo/ dang]\s1 ?\gh r m direct4    ,!   
,soond]bunds1 or ,sund]bunds1 consi/ (  
an imm5se wild]ness1  full fifty miles 9
 dep?1 & 9 l5g? ab\t a hundr$ & eighty  
miles4 ,?is wild]ness1 :i* bord]s ! coa/
 to ! wat]'s edge1  =m+ a /rong natural 
b>ri] 9 t qu>t]1 occupies ! :ole (  :at 
is call$ ! ,delta ( ! ,ganges2 e :]e    
int]sect$ by great  riv]s1 & innum]able 
creeks1 9 :i* ! tides are s int]mix$1  t

 a pilot is absolutely necess>y1 bo? to 
?read ! intricacies (  ! passage1 & to  
po9t out at :at p>ticul> p>ts ! curr5ts 
w1 at c]ta9 times1 be favorable 9       
proce$+ ei!r to !  ea/w>d or to !       
we/w>d4 ,9 _m places !re is sc>cely     
bread?  = ! pass+ ( a s+le boat1 & ev5  
!n ! b\ghs ( !  imm5se trees1 & ( !     
subord9ate jungle1 frequ5tly are f\nd s 
to  hang ov]1 z ne>ly to deb> ! progress
 ( ord9>y trad+ vessels4  ,=tunately1 ^!
 n>r[ creeks are %ort1 or1 at lea/1 h 9 
v>i\s p>ts su* little bays z enable     
boats to pass3 "o or two are1  h[ev]1 s 
limitt$ ?r\gh\t 9 po9t ( wid?1 z to r5d]
 x  exp$i5t t musquets %\ld be dis*>g$  
be=e a boat proce$s1 9  ord] t o!rs may 
n ent] at ! opposite end ( ! n>r[3 b  = 
su* a precaution1 "o ( !m w\ld be       
compell$ to put back4 ,!  wat] be+      
bracki%1 or r absolutely salt1 ?r\gh\t !
  ,sund]bunds1 x is necess>y = all :o   
navigate ?is passage1 to  take a good   
/ock2 calculat+ = at lea/ a =tnight's   
s]vice4 ,ev5  ! villages1 :i* "h & !re  

are to be f\nd on ! banks ( !  great    
riv]s1 are sometimes suppli$ f a great  
di/ance2 especially  dur+ ! dry season1 
:5 ! tides are v p[]ful4    ,! regul>   
trad+ vessels1 :i* pass ?r\gh !         
,sund]bunds1 p]haps  e mon?1 or two1 are
 usually provid$ ) v l>ge nauds1 or     
g\nlahs1 made 9 ! =m ( a r flat turnep1 
( a black e>?  :i* bakes v h>d4 ,casks  
are nev] us$ 9 ,india = wat]2 all !     
%ips 9 ! c\ntry trade h "o or m tanks   
made ( teak wood1  r5d]$ p]fectly wat]  
tight1 & conta9+ f tw5ty to fifty       
butts4 ,! wat] is ?us c>ri$ 9 a small   
compass1 & rema9s sweet  mu* long] ?an  
:5 9 casks4 ,ev5 if no o!r reason c\ld  
be  assign$1 x mu/ be obvi\s1 t1 9 a    
tank1 ! surface ( wood  necess>y to     
conta9 fifty butts ( wat]1 w n exce$ six
 hundr$  & fifty squ>e feet2 :]eas1 ea* 
( ! fifty butts w\ld pres5t a  surface (
 m ?an =ty feet1 :5ce ! :ole mu/ am\nt  
to two  ?\s& squ>e feet4    ,:]e a %ip  
is navigat$ by lasc>s1 _m rules &       
c]emonies are  adopt$ = ! pres]vation ( 

! wat] f impure contact4 ,:5  native    
troops are on bo>d1 only p>ticul> p]sons
 are all[$ to lay  x 91 or to s]ve x    
out1 & ev5 "u su* precaution1 _m ( !  m 
fa/idi\s %ew great av]sion to us+ ! tank
 wat]2 (t5  und]go+ great suff]+s1 bo? f
 hung] & f ?ir/1 r  ?an dr9k ( x1 or ev5
 ta/e ( vi&s prep>$ !re)4 ,b ?is        
prejudice has1 ( late ye>s1 subsid$     
consid]ably1 9 consequ5ce (  ! frequ5t  
occasions ! ,briti% gov]nm5t h _h to s5d
 native  troops on di/ant exp$itions by 
sea4    ,casks w\ld c]ta9ly prove       
obnoxi\s to s]vants1 & o!rs1  proce$+   
?r\gh ! ,soond]bunds1 ow+ to a g5]al    
op9ion among  !m1 t we convey spirits1  
meat1 c41 9 su* vessels2 :i*1 hav+  be5 
once us$ = su* a purpose1 c\ld nev] be  
view$ by !m z  receptacles = bev]age1   
)\t disgu/ & execration4    ,! t[n (    
,calcutta is suppli$ ) firewood by      
p]sons :o resort to  ! woods1 ab\t      
tw5ty-five miles f ,calcutta1 :]e !y cut
 !  small] k9ds ( s]ress1 j>rool1       
soondry1 g'hob1 c41 into  junks ab\t f\r

 feet 9 l5g?1 :i* are riv$ into two or  
f\r  pieces1 accord+ to _! diamet]1 &   
c>ri$ to m>ket1 :]e su*  billets are    
usually retail$ at f twelve to f\rte5   
rupees p]  hundr$ maunds1 deliv]$ at !  
door4 ,?is is ! only k9d ( fuel  us$ 9 !
 kit*5s ( ,europeans1 & =ms ! supply (  
n9e-t5?s  ( ! native population also3 ! 
rema9d] use ! gutties made (  dung4     
,x is to be lam5t$ t ,gov]nm5t h nev]   
adopt$ a plan ,i long  ago (f]$1 (      
employ+ ! convicts 9 cle>+ away a       
suffici5t  tract ar\nd ,diamond ,h>b\r1 
:i* is n[ peculi>ly unheal?y1 & is  !   
grave ( full "o-f\r? ( ! crews ( !      
,india ,company's1 &  o!r %ips1 t       
g5]ally are moor$ !re = mon?s4    ,i am 
aw>e t objections h be5 /at$ 9 reg>d to 
cle>+ away  ! =e/s 9 ! ,soond]bunds1 on 
acc\nt ( _! be+ consid]$ a  natural     
def5ce 9 t qu>t]2 b1 )\t ent]+ ^u !     
policy1  or o!rwise1 ( su* a ret5tion ( 
t #8wild]ness ( all  wild]nesses1' !re  
does n appe> to me any s\nd reason =    
suff]+ ! pr9cipal naval /ation to be    

back$ & flank$ by woods  & swamps1 f :i*
 disease is p\r$ =? amid/ our un=tunate 
c\ntrym54    ,i h be5 assur$1 t1 tak+ "o
 ye> ) ano!r1 full ?ree  hundr$         
,european sailors die ( diseases incid5t
 to ! lay+ up (  %ips = a :ile 9 ! riv]1
 ( :om1 ! l>g] portion are tak5  ill at1
 or bel[1 ,diamond ,h>b\r4    ,^? :o h  
occasion to pass ?r\gh ! ,sund]bunds1   
:i* c be  done by wat] only1 ought to be
 extremely c>eful n to v5ture a%ore1    
unless at "s ( ! little t[ns1 ^: vic9ity
 may af=d "s  security aga9/ ! attacks (
 tig]s1 by ! jungle hav+ be5  p>tially  
cle>$ away4 ,! romantic sc5]y1 e :]e    
invit+ !  eye1 %\ld n be p]mitt$ to     
allure ! travell] f 8 /ate (  safety2   
nor %\ld ! abundance ( game1 especially 
( de]1 lead him  among ^? cov]ts 9 :i*  
dang] equally ab\nds4    ,nor are !     
wat]s less devoid ( mis*ief3 %>ks1 ( an 
uncommon size1  are e :]e num]\s &      
gre$y2 :ile _! competitors1 !           
alligators1 n only infe/ ! /reams1 b (t5
 lie among ! grass  & l[ jungle1 wait+ =

 a prey1 ) :i*1 s soon z seiz$1 !y      
plunge into ! wat]4    ,in/ances h be5  
"k1 bo? ( tig]s swimm+ (f to bo>d boats1
  & ( alligators /rik+ ! d&ies 7boatm57 
out ( ! boats1  ) _! tails1 & snapp+ _! 
victims up ) a nimbl5ess fully  prov+ ! 
falsehood ( t doctr9e1 :i* tea*es to    
escape f !  crocodile by runn+ out ( !  
"r l9e1 #8because ! animal _c  turn to  
foll[6'    ,if ^? :o ei!r gave1 or      
believ$ 91 su* advice1 7 to see )  :at  
facility an alligator c turn ab\t1 or ) 
:at agility he c  pursue1 & cat*1 ! l>ge
 fi%es t ab\nd 9 ! great riv]s (        
,india1 ! folly w\ld be s self evid5t1 z
 to cause an imm$iate  d]eliction ( s   
prepo/]\s an op9ion4    ,besides1 !     
koome]1 or bull-head$ alligator1 :i*1   
g5]ally  speak+1 is ! only k9d to be se5
 9 bracki% wat]s1 is peculi>ly  fi]ce & 
active2 f> m s ?an c\ld be suppos$1 at  
fir/ sight1  ( an amphibi\s animal ( !  
lac]ta tribe1 7= x is no?+ m  ?an an    
imm5se liz>d1 or guana17 ^: l5g? has be5
 ?irty feet1  & ^: gir? has equall$     

twelve feet4    ,su* is ! rav5\s        
disposition ( ! koome]1 t x w n         
hesitate to seize cattle t proce$ to    
dr9k ( ! riv] wat] :]e  x is fre%2 b ?is
 does n (t5 happ52 ! places :]e cattle  
proce$ to slake _! ?ir/1 be+1 = ! mo/   
"p1 r %all[1  s t an alligator1         
suffici5tly =midable = su* an attack1   
c\ld  n lie conceal$4 ,x has fall5 )9 my
 way to see "s ox5 t _h  be5 seiz$ by ! 
head1 or by ! =e leg1 b :i* _h ei!r be5 
rescu$ by _! drov]s1 or _h succe$$ 9    
escap+ f _!  m]ciless enemy3 !y 7 all s 
lac]at$ z to be completely  disfigur$6  
,! size ( a boat may make mu* diff]5ce  
reg>d+ ! "t requir$  to make !          
,soond]bund-passage3 g5]ally f t5 to    
twelve days w  elapse 9 mak+ ! %orte/   
cut 9 a budjr[ ( f twelve to  sixte5    
o>s2 :ile a light pulw>1 t c pass ?r\gh 
! less]  creeks1 & make way aga9/ !     
tides1 :i* are extremely intricate1  on 
acc\nt ( ! num]\s *annels t w9d 9 e     
direction1 may  p]haps get ?r\gh 9 sev5 
or eight days4 ,mu* w dep5d on !  r\te3 

if ,dacca1 or any "p ( ! ,megna1 be !   
de/9ation1 full t5  days w be requisite1
 b if ! ,com]colly track1 :i* op5s into 
! ,ganges ne>ly opposite to ,nattore1 be
 foll[$1 ! great body (  ! wild]ness w  
be avoid$1 & ! f]tile di/ricts (        
,jessore1  ,mahom$pore1 & ,com]colly1 w 
be pass$ ?r\gh ) facility &             
gratification4    ,x does n appe> t any 
accurate survey has be5 tak5 ( !        
,soond]bunds1 fur!r ?an to asc]ta9 !    
sev]al *annels1 & to lay  d[n ! be>+s ( 
p>ticul> %oals1 :i* run = _m miles (f ! 
coa/1 pres5t+1 on ! :ole1 a mo/         
intricate & dang]\s approa*  to vessels 
ev5 ( small bur!n2 ?\gh1 ) prop] c>e1   
%ips (  great size may be c>ri$ into !  
,rogmungul1 ! ,hoor+attah1 & !          
,mutwallah riv]s1 :]e !y may ride 9     
p]fect safety4    ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,lac>n1  
_m ye>s back1 explor$ ! passage at !    
back  ( ,saugur ,isl&1 & pres5t$ to !   
,gov]nm5t 9 ,india v accurate  draughts 
( ! s\nd+s & be>+s2 f :i* he enabl$ !   
,bo>d  to judge ( ! practicability (    

resort+ to t passage1 ) m  safety &     
conv5i5ce ?an n[ exi/s1 9 respect to ^? 
*annels  t lie to ! we/w>d ( ,saugur4   
,! spot select$ = ! reception ( vessels 
0 call$ ,new ,h>b\r1  & ! /ream lead+ to
 x f ,culpee 0 designat$ ,*annel ,creek4
  ,x is to be presum$1 t1 not)/&+ ! plan
 has n be5  c>ri$ into effect1 al?\gh   
occasionally resort$ to1 ! m]its (  !   
sugge/ion mu/ h be5 consid]able1 z !    
,company h ?\ght  x b j to remun]ate t  
g5tleman's abilities & rese>*1 by an    
annuity ( #fjj41 :i* has be5 lately     
rais$ to #ajjj4    ,sev]al objections h 
be5 urg$ aga9/ ! adoption ( ,new ,h>b\r1
  ( :i* "s may be cog5t2 b1 f all ,i h  
ev] he>d on !  subject1 x appe>s to me1 
t ! reasons giv5 = rejection exi/ at    
lea/ z =midably 9 ! we/]n *annels1 :]e  
"s ( !  advantages (f]$ by ,new ,h>b\r  
are totally want+4    ,! "t w probably  
arrive1 :5 ,saugur ,isl&1 in/ead ( be+ a
  desolate wa/e1 inhabit$ by v>i\s wild 
animals1 may pres5t a ri*  expanse (    
agriculture1 de/9$ = ! support ( an     

indu/ri\s  population1 inhabit+ ^? %ores
 s favorably situat$ = ext5sive         
comm]ce1 & s highly protect$ by nature  
aga9/ =eign incursion4  ,! *annels lead+
 pa/ x1 on ei!r side1 are n>r[1 &       
c]ta9ly  might be def5d$ by a v small   
=ce aga9/ a p[]ful fleet4    ,_m        
op9ions1 & "s bold ass]tions1 h be5 (f]$
 reg>d+ !  ,soond]bunds4 ,"s consid] !  
imm5se wild]ness t bord]s !  coa/1 to be
 ( no great antiquity1 & pret5d1 t      
probably "o  hundr$ ye>s w\ld be too mu*
 to all[ = ! duration ( t soil1  :]eon  
su* /up5d\s =e/s ( noble trees are n[ to
 be se54    ,t ! :ole ( ! c\ntry s\? ( !
 ,ganges1 f ,bogwangolah to  ,saugur1 & 
9 ! o!r direction to ,luckypore1 c41 0  
=m]ly  cov]$ by ! ocean1 may be readily 
believ$1 bo? f ! nature (  ! soil 9     
g5]al1 & f ! v>i\s m>9e productions to  
be f\nd  occasionally1 :5 wells are dug 
to any consid]able dep?4    ,! anci5t   
city ( ,,g\r1 ( :i* only an imm5se      
assemblage ( ru9s1  cov]+ full ?irty    
squ>e miles1 are to be se51 /ood n v f> 

f ,mauldah4    ,t able geograph]1 ,major
 ,r5nell1 /ates x to h be5 ! capital  ( 
,b5gal #gcj ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 & t x 0    
des]t$ 9  consequ5ce ( a pe/il5ce2 t x  
=m]ly /ood on ! banks ( !  ,ganges1 f   
:i* x is n[ di/ant ne>ly five miles2 !  
riv]  hav+1 z is v common 9 t qu>t]1    
*ang$ its c\rse3 !  ,mahanuddy1 :i*     
passes )9 two miles ( x1 is navigable   
?r\gh\t  ! ye>4 ,_m p>ts ( ,,g\r are n[ 
full twelve miles f ! ,ganges4    ,!    
foll[+ extract f ,major ,r5nell's       
,memoirs1 pages #ee-f1 may  s]ve to     
illu/rate ! position ,i h to assume     
reg>d+ !  ,soond]bunds3 he says1 #8,tak+
 ! ext5t ( ! ru9s ( ,,g\r at !  mo/     
reasonable calculation1 x is n less ?an 
fifte5 miles 9  l5g?1 7ext5d+ along !   
old bank ( ! ,ganges17 & f two to  ?ree 
9 bread?4 ,sev]al villages /& on "p (   
its site3 !  rema9d] is ei!r cov]$ )    
?ick =e/s1 ! habitations (  tig]s1 & o!r
 bea/s ( prey1 or is become arable l&1  
^: soil  is *iefly compos$ ( brick-du/4 
#8,! pr9cipal ru9s are a mosque1 l9$ )  

black m>ble1 elaborately  wr\ght1 & two 
gates ( ! citadel1 :i* are /rik+ly gr& &
  l(ty4 ,^! fabrics1 & "s few o!rs1     
appe> to owe _! duration  to ! nature ( 
_! mat]ials1 :i* are less m>ketable1 & m
  difficult to sep>ate1 ?an ^? ( !      
ord9>y brick build+s2 &  are transport$ 
to ,moor%adabad1 ,mauldah1 & o!r places1
 = !  purpose ( build+4 ,^! bricks are (
 ! mo/ solid texture ( any ,i  ev] saw2 
& h pres]v$ ! %>pness ( _! edges1 & !   
smoo?ness ( _! surfaces1 ?r\gh a s]ies (
 ages4    #8,! situation ( ,g\r 0 highly
 conv5i5t = ! capital ( ,b5gal  & ,bah>1
 z unit$ "u "o gov]nm5t2 be+ ne>ly      
c5trical )  respect to ! popul\s p>ts ( 
^? prov9ces1 & ne> ! junction  ( !      
pr9cipal riv]s t compose t extraord9>y  
inl&  navigation = :i* ^? prov9ces are  
=m$2 &1 moreov]1 secur$  by ! ,ganges1 &
 o!r riv]s1 on ! only qu>t] f :i* ,b5gal
  has any cause = appreh5sion4'    ,"h  
,i feel at a loss2 = ! au?or has        
evid5tly be5 defici5t 9  t p]spicuity   
:i* *>act]izes 8 "w2 x does n appe> to  

me  :at qu>t] is meant 9 ?is in/ance2 ! 
great] "p ( ,b5gal be+  divid$ f ,,g\r  
by t same riv]1 ! ,ganges1 :i* is "h    
describ$ z a protection to ,,g\r aga9/  
incursions f ,bah>4 ,if ?is  be n !     
,major's mean+1 ,i c f9d no o!r2 at all 
ev5ts1 !  passage is incongru\s4        
,sett+1 h[ev]1 t matt] at re/1 z be+    
irrelevant on ?is  occasion1 ,i %all    
proce$ to obs]ve1 t ?r\gh\t ! ,delta ( !
  ,ganges1 :i* =ms an area ( full tw5ty 
?\s& squ>e miles1 7x  be+ ne>ly a       
"r-angl$ triangle1 ^: sides av]age ab\t 
two  hundr$ miles17 we h n "o ve/ige (  
remote date6    ,x has1 no d\bt1 be5    
ass]t$ by "s travell]s1 & ,i h he>d     
sev]al ( ! natives decl>e1 t1 9 "s p>ts 
( ! ,soond]bunds1  ru9s ( great ext5t   
are to be se54 ,^! are said to be !     
rema9s  ( cities :i* =m]ly fl\ri%$ on ! 
bord]s ( ! ocean1 b  7 ab&on$ 9         
consequ5ce ( ! depr$ations ( ! ,burmans1
 or  ,muggs1 :o inhabit$ ! c\ntry ly+   
s\? ( ,*ittagong1 & :o  h1 )9 ! la/     
fifte5 ye>s1 call$ to our memory t su* a

  nation 0 /ill 9 exi/5ce4    ,admitt+ !
 exi/5ce ( su* reput$ ru9s1 we h no "r  
to place  !m to ! acc\nt ( ! e>li] ages2
 we h no records ( _!  exi/5ce2 ! :ole (
 ! details t h hi!rto be5 (f]$ to  ! _w1
 ei!r by native traditioni/s1 or        
,european surveyors1 give  no acc\nt (  
any su* fragm5ts2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 e  
presumption is 9 favor ( ! :ole ,delta  
be+ comp>atively mod]n4    ,major       
,r5nell1 at page #cdg ( 8 ,memoirs1     
obs]ves 9 a note1 t #8a  glass ( wat]   
tak5 out ( ! ,ganges1 :5 at its height1 
yields ab\t  "o "p 9 f\r ( mud4 ,no     
wond] !n t ! subsid+ wat]s %\ld  quickly
 =m a /ratum ( e>?2 or t ! ,delta %\ld  
encroa* ^u  ! sea4' ,if we e/imate !    
c\rse ( ! ,ganges1 7sett+ ap>t !        
,b>ampoot]17 at fifte5 hundr$ miles1 &  
take its mean wid? at half  a mile2 :i* 
is1 inde$1 r$uc+ t magnific5t fl[ ( wat]
 to a  m]e /ream1 we h !n a surface (   
sev5 hundr$ & fifty squ>e  miles1 ( :i*1
 "o f\r? is said to be mud1 or matt]    
light en\gh to  be kept susp5d$ by !    

viol5ce ( ! curr5t4 ,?is %\ld give      
ne>ly two hundr$ squ>e miles ( soil4    
,! =ego+ computation proves ! ,delta to 
conta9 tw5ty ?\s&  squ>e miles2 !re=e1  
if ,major ,r5nell's hypo!sis be correct1
 !  :ole ( ! ,delta might h be5 =m$ 9 "o
 hundr$ ye>s2 tak+  ! dep? ( ! riv]1 :5 
at its highe/1 to be equal to ! dep? (  
! soil4 ,b1 if we recollect t probably  
_m fa?oms ( sea 7  fill$ up by !        
encroa*m5t t ?us took place1 we may be  
correct 9  all[+ t5 times t p]iod1 i4e4 
a ?\s& ye>s1 = !  completion1 or1 r1 = !
 gradual accumulation1 ( s ext5sive an  
addition to ! t]ra firma ( ,asia4    ,at
 page #cdh1 ,major ,r5nell argues v     
/rongly1 ?\gh un9t5tionally1  p]haps1 9 
support ( my hypo!sis1 t ,,g\r =m]ly    
/ood on !  bord]s ( ! ocean1 & 01       
probably ! ,tyre ( ,h9do/an4 ,he says1  
#8,z a /rong presumptive pro( ( ! w&]+ (
 ! ,ganges1 f  ! "o side ( ! ,delta to !
 o!r1 ,i mu/ obs]ve1 t !re is no        
appe>ance ( virg9 e>?1 betwe5 ! ,tipp]ah
 ,hills on ! ea/1  & ! prov9ce (        

,burdwan on ! we/2 nor on ! nor? till we
  arrive at ,dacca & ,bauleah4'         
,unit+ all ^! po9ts1 & agree+ ) ,major  
,r5nell t !  ,ganges dis*>ges1 on a     
m$ium1 #ahj1jjj cubic feet ( wat] 9 a   
second1  we may easily imag9e t ! pres5t
 ,delta has be5 =m$ by !  s$im5t>y      
portion propell$ =w>d 9 con/ant         
succession1 until x  ga9$ ! highe/ level
 to :i* ! annual inundation c\ld raise  
x2  aft] :i*1 ! black m\ld on ! surface 
mu/ h be5 produc$ by  ! con/ant         
accumulation ( vegetable matt] t rott$  
!reon4    ,x is a curi\s1 b well kn[n1  
fact1 t f ,sooty to t "p (  !           
,cossimbaz> ,isl& :i* lies ne>e/ to !   
tide's way1 ! :ole  is oblig$ to be     
pres]v$ f inundation by an embankm5t1   
call$ !  poolbundy1 ma9ta9$ at a v great
 & regul> exp5ce2 an obvi\s             
demon/ration t ! pres5t c\rse ( !       
,hooghly has n be5  settl$ _m c5turies2 
= almo/ all riv]s1 long subject to su*  
ov]fl[s z ^? we witness 9 ,b5gal1       
ultimately raise _! banks1  by an annual

 deposit ( matt]1 to su* a height z     
aft]w>ds prev5ts  _! /reams f pass+ ov] 
into ! adjac5t c\ntry4    ,!re c be     
little d\bt1 t ! city ( ,g\r /ood on a  
spot :i*1  9 v anci5t times1 0 wa%$ by !
 sea2 & we may1 )\t be+  accus$ (       
cr$ulity 9 ! extreme1 admit ! great     
probability ( !  ,ganges hav+ !n deb\*$ 
into ! s9us1 or bay1 at t same  spot4   
,nor %\ld we d\bt1 t ^? s&s1 :i* are1 at
 ?is day1 s  dang]\s to navigation1 f   
,balasore to ,*ittagong1 w1 at "s       
remote p]iod1 be encreas$ & rais$1 s z  
to become1 9 ! fir/  in/ance1 isl&s2 &1 
ultimately1 p>ts ( ! cont95t2 ! pres5t  
*annels s]v+ = ! c\rses ( future riv]s1 
:i*1 9 s loose a  soil1 may1 l ! ,ganges
 9 our times1 be subject to *anges (    
locality1 :5ev] ! floods may prove s    
impetu\s z to op5 new  b$s1 & cause !   
/reams to be div]t$ into !m4    ,!      
,sund]bunds1 :atev] may be _! date or   
orig91 pres5t1 at ?is  day1 a mo/       
inhospitable aspect1 & give1 ext]iorly1 
a feature to !  c\ntry :i* by no means  

corresponds ) ! int]ior3 !y are1 9      
tru?1 a hide\s belt ( ! mo/ unpromis+   
description1 su* z c\ld  n fail to cause
 any /rang] :o might be wreck$ on t     
coa/1 &  :o %\ld n proce$ beyond ! rea* 
( ! tide1 to pron\nce x #8a  c\ntry fit 
= ! resid5ce ( nei!r man nor bea/4'     
,:5 ,major ,r5nell rem>k$1 #8t !y furni%
 an inexhau/ible supply  ( wood = boat  
build+2' he might h add$1 #8( timb] =   
%ip  build+4' ,_m v l>ge vessels h be5  
laun*$ f ?is qu>t]1  b1 no pa9s hav+ be5
 tak5 to season ! timb]1 x 0 n to be    
expect$ !y %\ld prove s durable z !y    
might h be5 r5d]$  by due precautions 9 
t p>ticul>4 ,nor is ! wood itself ( !   
be/ quality = naval ar*itecture2 =1 ?\gh
 x is v /rong1 &  to be b5t ) facility  
to any necess>y =m1 x1 be+ extremely    
subject to be worm-eat51 proves a great 
draw-back on its be+ br\ght  into m     
g5]al use1 unless = su* vessels z are   
int5d$ to be  copp]$3 = su*1 ! j>rool   
may answ]1 z may also ! soondry2  bo?   
:i* ab\nd 9 e "p ( ! ,sund]bunds4    ,! 

:ole coa/1 f ,balasore to ,*ittagong1   
has at times be5 occupi$  by a class (  
natives call$ ,molungies1 :o manufacture
 salt f !  sea-wat]4 ,! produce ( !     
sev]al *okies1 or manufactories1 is     
imm5sely valuable1 z has already be5    
%ewn1 & suffices = !  consumption ( !   
:ole population ( all ! ,company's      
dom9ions1  besides :at is export$ into  
^? ( ! ,nabob ,vizi]1 c4 ,ab\t          
?irty-five ye>s ago1 salt us$ to be sold
 at a rupee1 or a rupee & a  half1 p]   
factory maund ( #gblb42 :i* might av]age
 ab\t "o  half-p5ny p] lb42 b1 s9ce !   
,company monopoliz$ ! manufacture1  &   
impos$ a heavy duty1 ! price ( salt has 
gradually ris5 to ab\t  f\r rupees p]   
maund4    ,! importation ( salt1 by sea1
 is prohibit$1 except "u p>tial or      
tempor>y lic5ces2 b x is br\ght f ! m9es
 to ! nor?w>d (  ,delhi 9 l>ge          
quantities1 ?\gh n ( s good a quality1 x
 be+  g5]ally v bitt]1 especially !     
,salumbah1 or m opaque  rock-salt1 :i*  
is f> less s]viceable = cur+ meat ?an ! 

,samb]2 bo? ^! k9ds are br\ght 9 small  
prismatic masses1 &1  ?\gh 9 common use 
among ! natives ( ! upp] prov9ces1 are  
nev]1 except f necessity1 all[$ to appe>
 at ! tables (  ,europeans1 ?\gh employ$
 9 _! cul9>y prep>ations4    ,salt is   
also obta9$1 b n ( a prime quality1 by  
pil+ up l>ge  quantities ( ! s& =m+ !   
b$s ( riv]s1 aft] ! wat]s h  subsid$    
into v n>r[ *annels4 ,on ^! heaps wat]  
is p\r$ 9  abundance1 &1 be+ aft]w>ds   
dra9$ into res]voirs1 ! salt  ei!r      
*ry/alizes by sol> heat1 or by be+ boil$
 9 l>ge iron  pans1 simil> to ^? us$ =  
*ry/aliz+ sug> f ! express$  juice ( !  
cane4    ,9 travell+ by wat]1 _m po9ts1 
totally unhe$$ by ,european  t\ri/s1 are
 necess>ily to be att5d$ to previ\s to  
dep>ture4 ,i  h already w>n$ my read]s1 
t no furni%$ h\se1 no lodg+s1 no  public
 vehicles1 no inns1 &1 9 %ort1 no       
prep>ation = ! lodgm5t  or conv5i5ce (  
tempor>y soj\rn]s1 are to be expect$ 9  
any "p  ( ,india2 ) ! exception ( !     
tav]ns & pun*-h\ses already  describ$4  

,!re=e1 :5 an excursion is to be made by
 wat]1 a  budjr[ mu/ be hir$1 :i* may   
commonly be effect$ ei!r by :at  is     
call$ #8teekah1' or s mu* = ! trip1     
accord+ to !  di/ance1 ) "s all[ance =  
demurrage2 or ! vessel may be hir$  at a
 c]ta9 mon?ly sum2 g5]ally tak5 at t5   
rupees p] o>4  ,sometimes return-budjr[s
 are to be _h at a *eap] rate3 :i*ev]   
way ! b>ga9 may be made1 ! p]son hir+   
has no?+ to d )  ! pay1 or provision1 ( 
! sev]al m5 employ$ 9 navigat+ !        
vessel4    ,! foll[+ ,table ( ,all[ances
 grant$ by ! ,company to (fic]s1  &     
o!rs1 proce$+1 accord+ to ord]s1 f "o   
/ation to  ano!r1 w be bo? useful to ^? 
:o may be proce$+ to ! ,ea/1  & s]ve to 
give a g5]al idea ( ! p]iods requir$1 9 
ord9>y  seasons1 tak+ ! ye> r\nd1 = a   
boat's rea*+ h] de/9ation1  & return+ to
 ! place %e quitt$4 ,! all[ance likewise
 includes  :atev] may be int5d$ = n only
 ! budjr[1 b = an  att5dant             
baggage-boat1 & a cook-boat4            
,,table ,,( ,,all[ance                  

,,=                            ,,budjr[s
 ,,& ,,boats4                           
,sonaut ,rupees                         
p] ,mon?4       ,to a ,colonel          
#icj       ,to a ,lieut5ant-,colonel1   
,physician1 ,g5]al1 or                  
#fcj       ,*ief ,surgeon       ,to a   
,major & ,head ,surgeon                 
#cfj       ,to a ,capta91 ,pay-,ma/]1   
,deputy ,pay-,ma/]1   &             #ahj
       ,regim5tal ,surgeon       ,to a  
,subalt]n1 ,hospital1 or ,regim5tal     
,mate                   #ajj       ,to a
 ,cadet                                 
#hj       ,to a ,conductor              
#ej      ,(fic]s are entitl$ to !       
all[ance = budjr[s & boats only 9  !    
foll[+ in/ances3 viz4    ,:5 po/$ to    
corps on _! fir/ jo9+ ! army4    ,:5    
ord]$ to proce$1 by wat]1 ^u any duty4  
,:5 remov$1 )\t _! own application1 to  
supply vacancies 9  ! corps to :i* !y   
are remov$4    ,:5 wat] conveyance is n 
practicable1 ! diff]5ce ( batta is  to  
be drawn1 calculat+ f ! day ( appo9tm5t1

 & all[+ t5  miles = daily progress4    
,:]e no asc]ta9$ rate is giv51 (fic]s   
are to draw at ! rate (  t5 miles aga9/1
 & f\rte5 )1 ! curr5t1 = ea* day's      
progress4 ,! foll[+ may be consid]$ !   
g5]al /&>d2 by :i*  extraord9>y cases   
are likewise gov]n$4                ,f  
,calcutta  to ,b]hampore is all[$ =   #a
                            z           
,ditto     to ,monghyr                  
#a                    ,ditto     to     
,patna1 or ,d9apore          #b         
,ditto     to ,bux>                     
#b                    ,ditto     to     
,*un> or ,b5>es           #b            
,ditto     to ,allahabad                
#c                    ,ditto     to     
,cawnpore                    #c         
,ditto     to ,futty-,ghur              
#d                    ,ditto     to     
,dacca                       #a         
,ditto     to ,*ittagong                
#b                    ,ditto     to     
,midnapore                          ,x  
is prop] to rem>k 9 ?is place1 t a boat 

may1 at mo/ seasons  ( ! ye>1 proce$ to 
,b]hampore1 7provid$ ! riv] be op517 9  
ab\t sev5 or eight days4 ,! di/ance by  
wat] is ne>ly d\ble t  by l&1 ow+ to !  
w9d+ c\rse ( ! riv]1 :i* =m]ly c\ld     
competite ) t pass+ "u ,luckn[2 :i*1 ow+
 to ! mazes (  its c\rse1 receiv$ ! "n (
 #8,goomty1' or w9d+4    ,)9 ! la/      
twelve or fifte5 ye>s1 _m ( ! n>r[      
i/hmuses  h be5 cut ?r\gh1 :]eby !      
di/ance f ,moor%adabad to  ,calcutta has
 be5 r$uc$ full tw5ty miles2 "s yet     
require ! aid (  art1 to p]fect :at ! h&
 ( "t seems prep>+ = ! /ill  fur!r      
abbreviat+ ! passage by wat]3 probably1 
9 ! c\rse (  tw5ty ye>s1 ! riv] may be  
br\ght into a tol]able l9e2 b1 h[  long 
x w rema9 s1 is ano!r consid]ation2 z ! 
soil is e  :]e1 except ab\t ,rangamatty1
 7i4e4 ! r$ soil17 a few miles bel[     
,b]hampore1 s loose z to be totally     
unqualifi$ to re/ra9 !  viol5t curr5t   
:i* prevails 9 e "p dur+ f\r mon?s 9 !  
ye>4    ,! passage to ,*ittagong c r>ely
 be p]=m$ 9 a common budjr[1  a great "p

 ( x be+ across ! m\? ( ! ,megna1 inde$1
 9 an  op5 sea1 subject1 at lea/1 to v  
heavy swells1 if n to squalls1  su* z   
give mu* tr\ble ev5 to ^? :o are on bo>d
 sub/antial  sloops1 & o!r vessels com+ 
"u ! description ( sea-boats4  ,h[ev]1  
dur+ ! cold mon?s1 an adv5tur\s manjy w 
sometimes  make ! trip ) 8 budjr[1      
provid$ a h&some gratuity be  (f]$ on   
su* a haz>d\s occasion4    ,! be/ mode  
is to emb>k at ,calcutta on bo>d "o ( ! 
,*ittagong  trad]s1 ( :i* "s are        
commonly on ! po9t ( sail+1 & to make  a
 sea trip at once1 9 a secure1 &        
tol]ably pleasant mann]4 ,x is  true1   
?is mode does n (f] all ! conv5i5ces ( a
 good l>ge  budjr[2 b t is balanc$ by ! 
safety & cel]ity ) :i*  ! voyage is     
made4 ,a budjr[ w r>ely complete ! trip 
to  ,*ittagong "u ?ree weeks2 :]eas1 a  
coa/+ sloop w commonly  p]=m x 9 z _m   
days1 aft] quitt+ ! pilot1 ei!r 9 !     
nor!rly or s\!rly monsoon2 ! coa/ be+   
ea/1 ) a v little  s\?+4    ,aft] a     
budjr[ has be5 (f]$ = hire1 x w be b    

common  prud5ce to s5d a c>p5t] on bo>d 
to se>* h] bottom1 & to place  a s]vant 
on bo>d = a day & a night1 to asc]ta9 h[
 mu* wat]  %e may take 9 dur+ t "t4 ,"s 
( ! be/1 9 appe>ance1 are  extremely    
rott51 & c only be kept afloat by       
con/ant bal+1 9  consequ5ce ei!r ( !    
depr$ations ( worms1 or ( ! numb] (     
ye>s !y may h be5 built4 ,"s are neat & 
clean1 o!rs are  fil?y 9 ! extreme2 "s  
are suppli$ ) good ,v5etians1 lock]s1   
curta9s outside ! w9d[s1 c41 c42 :ile n 
a few1 ?\gh n  totally de/itute ( su*   
conv5i5ces1 (f] !m 9 a mo/ mis]able     
/ate ( wret*$ness & ( inutility4 ,! ro(s
 ( n9e 9 t5 d n  keep out wat]4    ,x w1
 on e occasion1 be indisp5sably necess>y
 to make memor&a  ( ! t]ms on :i* !     
budjr[1 c41 may be tak52 & to obta9  f !
 manjy a writt5 agreem5t2 ! want ( :i*  
may prove  unpleasant1 ei!r 9 consequ5ce
 ( any misund]/&+1 or f any  attempt t  
may be made to impose ^u su* ,europeans 
z may n be  suppos$ to h suffici5t k ( !
 ord9>y r\t9e ( su*  affairs1 to secure 

!m f depr$ation4    ,! ma/s1 sails1     
rigg+1 c41 ( ! vessel %\ld be c>efully  
ov]-haul$2 &1 9 p>ticul>1 great c>e %\ld
 be tak5 t "o or  two good ghoons1 or   
track ropes1 ( suffici5t l5g?1 be on    
bo>d2  s9ce a defect 9 ?is bran* (      
equipm5t w inevitably produce great     
delay1 &1 9 /rong curr5ts1 subject !    
boat to imm95t dang]4    ,let x be      
rememb]$1 t1 :atev] ! numb] ( o>s paid =
 may be1  s _m actual boatm5 !re ought  
to be1 exclusive ( ! manjy1 or  /e]sman1
 & ! goleah1 or b[man3 x is a v common  
deception to  c\nt ! latt] 9 among !    
r[]s1 because he sometimes sits to an   
o> fitt$ out = him on ! v pr[ ( !       
vessel1 :5 !re is no  occasion = 8 /&+  
to ?r[ ! luggy1 or bamboo-pole1 :]eby  !
 boat is kept cle> ( banks1 %oals1      
/umps1 c4    ,:5 an engagem5t is made ( 
! teekah1 or job-k9d1 ! manjy  w1 = 8   
own sake1 endeavor to get away z spe$ily
 z possible1  & w ord9>ily make sure ( a
 good crew1 9 ord] t 8 money  may be !  
soon] e>n$2 b1 :5 paid by ! mon?1 !re w 

be no  end to excuses1 delays1 &        
evasions3 ! d&ies w g5]ally be  want+ 9 
numb]1 & _! quality be v indiff]5t4     
,! be/ mode1 on su* occasions1 is to    
apply to ! police1 :i*1  "u prop]       
circum/ances ( e/abli%$ crim9ality1 w   
put a peon  7or mess5g]7 on bo>d1 at !  
exp5ce ( ! del9qu5t1 & make su*  a *ange
 9 ! po/ure ( affairs z _c fail to      
please !  employ]4 ,?is is a safe &     
efficaci\s mode ( proce$+2 :]eas1  :5   
ju/ice is tak5 into ! h&s ( ! p]son hir+
 ! boat1 &  t abuse & bl[s are dealt    
out1 "u ! hope ( ga9+ ! po9t1  ! gr\nds 
( compla9t are laid1 & ! d&ies1 s f> f  
do+  _! duty1 w ei!r abscond :olly1 or  
secrete !mselves 9 su*  mann] z         
effectually to impose an emb>go4    ,i d
 n mean to say1 t sometimes a rec\rse to
 ! manual may n  be advisable1 or ev5   
p]emptorily necess>y2 b su* mu/ be      
adopt$  ) extreme caution1 & ) su* a    
mixture ( resolution &  conciliation1 z 
may produce ! desir$ effect1 )\t        
e/abli%+ a  "* = brutality1 or          

unnecess>y h>%ness4 ,if1 dur+ ! trip1   
occasion = compla9t %\ld arise1 x is be/
 to ref] ! matt] to  any p]sons 9 (fice1
 :e!r native or ,european1 :o may be )9 
a  suitable di/ance4 ,! manjies h an    
insup]able antipa?y to ?is  mode (      
proce$+1 because x deprives !m ( all    
gr\nds =  ju/ification1 or              
repres5tation2 ! want ( :i*1 9 ! he>+ ( 
an ,european magi/rate1 spe$ily induces 
to _! corporal puni%m5t2  :ile1 9 !     
e/imation ( a cutwal1 or *ief ( a       
village1 x is  sure to subject !m to "s 
pecuni>y loss1 :e!r by f9e1 by  d$uction
 f ! sum to be paid z hire1 or by hav+  
to ma9ta9 "o  or m peons1 accord+ to !  
nature ( ! (f5ce4    ,mo/ budjr[s h two 
ap>tm5ts1 exclusive ( an op5 v]&a 9     
front2 ! latt] is on a level ) ! d9+    
ap>tm5t1 b !  *amb]1 :i* is m t[>ds !   
/]n1 rises "o or two /eps above  _!     
level1 9 consequ5ce ( ! =m ( ! vessel's 
/]n3 beyond  all !re is usually a small 
privy1 :i*1 be+ /ill m elevat$1 is      
asc5d$ by o!r /eps4    ,z ! *amb]       

contracts consid]ably t[>ds ! aft]-"p ( 
its  floor1 x w be necess>y to asc]ta9  
:e!r a small cot 7i4e4 a  b$/ead7 c /& 9
 t "p ( ! budjr[1 )\t  inconv5i5ce2 z   
also :e!r ! height1 betwe5 ! floor & !  
ro(1 may admit ( ! b$-po/s be+ erect$4  
,if ! space %\ld n  all[ !m to be       
elevat$1 !y mu/ be un%ipp$1 ei!r by tak+
 (f  _! h+es1 or by draw+ !m =? f _!    
sockets1 & !  curta9s mu/ be susp5d$ f  
hooks1 nails1 c41 driv5 = t  purpose    
into ! beams t support ! ro(4    ,?\gh  
float+ on a l>ge riv]1 ^: wat]s are     
celebrat$ = _!  virtues & purity by !   
:ole population ( ,h9do/an1 x w1        
nev]!less1 be indisp5sably necess>y to  
take on bo>d a good l>ge  g'oulah1 or   
j>1 :i* may be la%$ to ! ma/1 & be us$ z
 a  depot = su* wat] z may be int5d$ =  
cul9>y purposes1 or =  bev]age4 ,9 a few
 h\rs x w h settl$ ?or\ghly1 & %\ld  !n 
be drawn (f z requir$ into small]       
vessels1 call$  k$j]ee-pots by          
,europeans1 b by ! natives gurrahs4     
,:5ce ! =m] designation orig9at$ ,i nev]

 c\ld le>n1 b  conclude x result$ ei!r f
 ! supplies ( crock]y furni%$ to  our   
%ipp+ at ,k$j]ee1 or f ! v common       
circum/ance ( t  prep>ation ( rice1     
split peas1 c41 call$ kit*urry1 :i* may 
(t5 be se5 boil+1 :olesale1 9 vessels ( 
?is description1 =  ! supply ( a doz51  
or m1 ( d&ies1 c4    ,! =ep>t ( e budjr[
 is deck$1 & furni%$ ) two  hat*ways1 ) 
appropriate cov]+s3 ! :ole ( ! "p "u !  
deck1 :i* rea*es f ! v]&a to ! /]n1 is  
g5]ally  consid]$ by ! manjy z a        
privilege1 ( :i* he r>ely fails to      
avail himself1 :5 x is possible to r5d] 
! trip a trad+ voyage4  ,aga9/ ?is too  
mu* precaution _c be adopt$2 = n only w 
! budjr[ be s heavily lad5 z to draw m  
wat]1 7an object (  consid]able         
importance17 b to track ) f> great]     
difficulty1 &  to leak v abundantly4    
,if any contrab& trade c be c>ri$ on )  
tol]able safety1 x is  usually 9 ?is    
mann]2 because1 ow+ to ! g5]al def]5ce  
paid by  ! cu/om-h\se (fic]s1 &         
*okey-peons1 9 e "p ( !  c\ntry1 to     

,european g5tlem51 & to _! equipages1   
few1 or none1  w attempt to se>* a      
budjr[ "u hire3 ! facility ) :i*  goods 
c be l&$1 is su* z to obviate1 almo/    
totally1 any dang]  to be appreh5d$ 9 ! 
p]=mance ( t "p ( ! adv5ture4           
,gov]nm5t has1 x is true1 plac$ a numb] 
( *ecks on ?is k9d (  fraud2 b1         
unhappily1 x is out ( its p[] to g s f> 
into !  rem$y z w\ld put a total /op to 
illicit comm]ce1 )\t subject+  _! own   
s]vants1 ( :atev] rank1 to ! intrusive1 
& ultimately  insol5t1 rese>*es ( ^?    
natives by :om !y %\ld1 on e  occasion1 
be treat$ ) ! utmo/ respect &           
consid]ation4 ,x is  inconceivable ) :at
 secresy1 & caution1 ! manjies act on   
su*  occasions4 ,an in/ance is )9 my k1 
( a g5tleman hir+ a  budjr[ at ,patna1  
to proce$ to ! ,presid5cy1 b x 0 9 va9  
t he importun$ ! manjy1 day aft] day1 & 
h\r aft] h\r1 to  complete 8 crew1 & to 
h all 9 read9ess = emb>kation3 at  l5g?1
 all 0 adju/$1 & ! vessel proce$$ 9 high
 /yle4    ,! g5tleman 0 unacc\ntably    

dr[sy1 & (t5 wond]$ at !  rapidity ) :i*
 he seem$ to be mak+ 8 passage1 b 0 n   
displeas$ to f9d himself s spe$ily      
float$ t[>ds ! place (  de/9ation3 x 0 9
 va9 t he endeavor$ to prev5t ! manjy  f
 /opp+ at ,*&]nagore1 a ,fr5* settlem5t1
 ab\t tw5ty-two  miles f ,calcutta2 :51 
to 8 great surprize1 he saw sev]al boxes
  ( opium1 :i* _h be5 conceal$ 9 v>i\s  
p>ts ( ! budjr[1  & p>ticul>ly "u !     
floors1 h&$ out to "s sirc>s :o 7  at ! 
g'haut1 or l&+-place1 anxi\sly await+ h]
 arrival4    ,h[ev] unpleasant !        
above-m5tion$ c>go might h prov$1 x  _c 
be comp>$ ) ! truly (f5sive practice    
common among all  ! boat-m5 ( ,h9do/an1 
( cutt+ su* fi% z !y may pur*ase1  cat*1
 or /eal1 into slices1 & hang+ !m ov] ! 
qu>t]s to  become sun-dri$4 ,?is cu/om  
%\ld nev] be tol]at$ on any acc\nt2  n  
only because ! effluvia are cruelly     
di/ress+1 b1 t1  :]ev] x is all[$ to    
obta91 all ! rats are sure to be        
attract$  f :atev] boats1 or banks1 may 
come 9 contact ) ! budjr[3  once 91 ,old

 ,nick _c get !m out2 except by empty+ !
 vessel  completely1 & fumigat+ h] )    
sulphur2 or by s9k+ h] = a  :ile1 s z to
 dr[n ! v]m91 ( all descriptions1 t     
h>b\r 9  ! numb]less recesses1 *9ks1 c41
 to be f\nd 9 e qu>t] ( an  old budjr[4 
,:5 a s+le g5tleman is int5t on proce$+ 
on ! mo/ economical  & exp$iti\s plan1  
he w f9d x be/ n to h ev5 a cook-boat  9
 8 suite2 b %\ld conf9e himself entirely
 to :atev]  conv5i5ce 8 budjr[ may af=d4
 ,if ?is plan is act$ ^u1 !  sev]al     
boxes1 c41 may be arrang$ )9 ! cab9s1   
or1 at !  utmo/1 "u ! deck2 tak+ c>e1   
h[ev]1 to deb> ! d&ies  f visit+ t "p ( 
! vessel1 by plac+ /\t batt5s1 or       
bamboo-la?s1 across1 by way ( conf9+ !m 
to ! =e hat*way1  d[n :i* !y ord9>ily   
keep _! cloa?s1 fire-wood1 c41 c41 &1   
occasionally1 make a *oolah1 or he>? &  
fire-place1 ( mud1  :]eon to cook !     
victuals ( ! crew2 an op]ation p]=m$ by 
"o  ( ! d&ies1 :o1 on t acc\nt1 is      
exempt$ f all ord9>y  duties1 & :o is   
g5]ally capable ( s]v+ up an admirably  

well-savor$ curry4    ,! aft]-"p ( !    
hold is commonly spaci\s en\gh to hold a
 t5t (  ord9>y dim5sions2 b x may become
 a "q h[ f> x w\ld be  prud5t to put    
camp equipage 9 ! way ( ! rats1 :i*     
w\ld1  probably1 = ! sake ( %elt] 9 !   
vic9ity ( ! cul9>y  op]ations1 soon     
burr[ into ! he>ts ( ! packages1 & d    
inconceivable damage4 ,if1 h[ev]1 no o!r
 place c be allott$ =  ! reception ( a  
t5t1 & ! wea!r be su* z n to w>rant its 
be+ /[$ ^u ! poop1 no alt]native is     
left1 & ! risk (  de/ruction1 or1 at    
lea/1 ( v s]i\s injury1 mu/ be met )    
resignation4    ,?\gh n indisp5sably    
necess>y1 a t5t ( "s k9d w be f\nd      
extremely conv5i5t1 :5 proce$+ by wat]  
to any di/ant /ation1  especially dur+ !
 hot season4 ,z ! boat-m5 usually come  
to ab\t  sun-set1 or1 p]haps1 a little  
e>li]1 if any favorable situation1 or  !
 proximity ( "s l>ge t[n1 %\ld invite1 a
 small t5t may easily  be tak5 a%ore1 & 
pit*$ on ! elevat$ bank1 :]e ! fre%ness 
( ! air1 & ! wide range ( prospect1     

prove a mo/ com=table  relief to a p]son
 :o1 dur+ ! day1 may h be5 oblig$ to    
rema9  "u ! heat$ ro( ( a cab91 :]e( !  
w9d[s 7 clos$ to  keep out ! sun1 hot   
w9ds1 & fly+ s&4    ,_m g5tlem5 h "o    
small boat employ$ *iefly 9 go+ =w>d  ) 
su* a conv5i5ce1 & :i*1 aft] ! b$1 c4   
may be %ipp$ at  day-break on bo>d !    
budjr[1 t no delay may arise 9 dep>t+1  
waits to receive ! baggage left on !    
spot1 ) :i* x proce$s at  su* a rate z  
soon makes up = ! det5tion3 a boat ( ?is
 k9d is  extremely useful 9 _m in/ances1
 b especially 9 procur+ supplies  f an  
opposite bank1 = go+ to or f %ore 9 %oal
 wat]1 =  t[+ a budjr[ 9 /rong wat]s1 = 
c>ry+ out an an*or1 or  rope1 to w>p by1
 c41 c4    ,:]e only a budjr[ & su* a   
small boat are employ$1 ! latt]  g5]ally
 has a *oolah1 or he>?1 c41 prep>$ )9 x 
"u a  small ?at*4 ,%e commonly has to   
c>ry ! prop] supply ( dry  fire-wood2 t 
obta9$ on ! way be+1 ) few exceptions1  
gre51  & caus+ ! vi&s to acquire a v    
smoky1 unpleasant flavor4 ,!  p\ltry are

 also usually convey$ on ! ?at* ( !     
cook-boat1 9  small tappahs1 or cages1  
made ( split bamboos3 ?is "p ( ! /ock   
may consi/ ( a doz5 ( f[ls1 ) a few     
ducks1 & a goose or two2  &1            
occasionally1 is accompani$ by "o or two
 mil* goats1 :i*1  be+ suppli$ ) foliage
 cut = t purpose1 dur+ ! day1 &  be+ s5t
 to "s v]dant spot :5 ! boat comes to 9 
! ev5+1  r>ely fail to furni% milk      
en\gh1 ( a v sup]ior quality1 = !  morn+
 & ev5+ tea4    ,! travell] mu/ n expect
 to be suppli$ ) beef1 mutton1 or veal1 
z he may proce$1 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry1   
except at milit>y or  civil /ations3 !re
 he may1 p]haps1 be enabl$ to pur*ase a 
suffici5t supply ( meat to make "s      
v>iety 9 8 diet z he passes  f "o /ation
 to ano!r2 b1 unless 9 "s v p>ticul>    
situations1 he mu/ cont5t himself )     
p\ltry ( v>i\s k9ds1 b  *iefly *ick5s1 &
 ) kids1 ( :i* ! meat is excell5t4 ,he  
may1  at "s ( ! pr9cipal t[ns :]e       
,mussulmans reside1 "h & !re  fall 9 ) a
 but*]1 :o c furni% a jo9t ( kussy 7i4e4

  cut-goat72 or he may p]*ance pick up a
 tol]able %eep1 :i* may1 at  all ev5ts1 
s]ve = gravy1 & supply 8 po9t]s &       
spaniels )  two or ?ree days' sub/antial
 provision4    ,! m5tion ( cutt+ up a   
%eep = su* purposes1 may appe>          
extraord9>y to ! ,european read]1 b x   
mu/ be recollect$1 t  su* %eep are r>ely
 wor? m ?an two %ill+s1 t 9 "s p>ts  !  
c\ntry sw>ms ) !m1 & t _! wool is n     
valuable1 ow+  to its be+ lank1 co>se1  
h>%1 & n ( a /rong fibre3 x is1  inde$1 
m l t hair :i* gr[s ^u _m horses t are  
turn$  out dur+ ! w9t]1 & comes (f by   
h&fuls z ! spr+ advances4    ,! boats   
employ$ = c>ry+ baggage are ( two k9ds2 
woola*s &  patellies3 ! =m] are built 9 
! l[] prov9ces1 ) r\nd  bottoms1 & (t5  
draw mu* wat]2 ! latt] are *iefly (     
up-c\ntry  build1 h flat bottoms1 & are 
cl9k]$2 ?is con/ruction suits  !m       
admirably to ! %all[s1 :i*1 aft] ! ra9y 
season1 ab\nd 9  all ! riv]s beyond !   
tide's way1 & especially at a di/ance f 
! sea4    ,"s ( ! woola*s us$ by ! m    

opul5t native m]*ants are  capable (    
be>+ f fifte5 hundr$ to ?ree ?\s&       
maunds1  7i4e4 f eighty to a hundr$ &   
tw5ty tons17 b _! m$ium may  be tak5 at 
f f\r to eight hundr$ maunds1 :i* is    
also ! g5]al  measurem5t ( patellies 9 !
 common employ ( gra9-m]*ants1 c43  _m  
are to be se5 ( full two ?\s& maunds1 b 
su* are calculat$  = ! great riv]s only2
 n b t 9 ! *annels abundant dep?  ( wat]
 may be f\nd1 s deep1 inde$1 t sev]al   
%ips1 ( five  hundr$ tons bur!n1 h be5  
built at ,patna1 :i* is1 by wat]1 six   
hundr$ miles f ! sea2 b ^? *annels are s
 crook$1 & !  curr5ts s /rong1 z to r5d]
 x v difficult = ! ord9>y  numb] (      
d&ies1 proportion$ to ! tonnage1 to     
navigate su*  unwieldy boats ) safety & 
exp]tness1    ,! be/ size = a           
baggage-boat to att5d ^u a budjr[1      
especially  9 proce$+ aga9/ ! /ream1 may
 be f ?ree hundr$ to five  hundr$       
maunds3 obs]v+1 t ! patelly is by f>    
bett]  calculat$ = %all[ wat]1 & = !    
conveyance ( horses1 ?an a  woola*2 b1  

be+ s l[ 9 ! wat]1 ! =m] is r subject   
to be swamp$ 9 r\gh wat]1 &1 ow+ to its 
con/ruction1 is v  apt to become        
hog-back$1 &1 ultimately1 to give way 9 
! middle2 an  accid5t :i* seldom or nev]
 happ5s to ! latt]4    ,:5 horses are to
 be c>ri$ 9 boats1 z is v commonly done1
 x  becomes necess>y to make a plat=m1  
at ab\t a foot f ! bottom (  ! boat1    
consi/+ ( bru%-wood1 mats1 & soil3 !    
?w>ts be+  r>ely a y>d asund]1 "o mu/ be
 tak5 out to make a /all (  suffici5t   
wid?2 !re=e1 if ?ree or f\r horses are  
put on bo>d  ! same boat1 a correspond+ 
numb] ( ?w>ts mu/ be )drawn4 ,:5  !     
animals are ab\t to be emb>k$1 ! ?at*   
opposite ! /all mu/  be rais$ high en\gh
 to all[ a horse to leap 9 )\t dang]1 f 
! bank4    ,?is op]ation is (t5 att5d$ )
 consid]able difficulty2 = "s  horses   
are extremely av]se to ent] ^u ! solid  
plat=m ( a l>ge  sub/antial f]ry-boat1  
su* z t at ,ghyretty1 ev5 :5 plac$ on a 
level !re)1 by means ( a fix$1 or       
moveable pi]4 ,:51 !re=e1  x is consid]$

 h[ _m ob/acles seem to oppose !        
admission ( a  horse into a cov]$ boat1 
:51 probably1 he is /&+ above 8  knees 9
 wat]1 & has to rise1 "u e disadvantage1
 ov] !  boat's gun:ale1 x w n appe>     
surpriz+ t _m hold out =  h\rs1 not)/&+ 
e ef=t on ! "p ( ! syces1 7or  grooms17 
& t a l>ge portion are sev]ely lam$ 9 ! 
attempt4    ,x is curi\s to obs]ve h[ v 
quiet & temp]ate horses become  aft]    
emb>kation6 ,9 su* a situation1 !y seem 
to =get t  wond]ful prop5sity !y        
inv>iably display :5 on %ore1 to attack 
ea* o!r1 ev5 :5 at a consid]able        
di/ance2 b1 ?\gh p>t$ by  only a few    
feet1 !y become s tractable :ile 9 a    
boat1 t _!  natures seem to und]go a    
complete *ange4    ,not)/&+ ?is         
p]iodical1 or1 r1 local1 timidity1 x w  
be  prop] to secure t "p ( ! boat's side
 aga9/ :i* a horse may  be able to kick2
 _m in/ances hav+ occurr$ ( fi]y /e$s   
driv+  _! hooves ?r\gh ! planks1 :i* are
 n always v s\nd1 &1  ev5 if undecay$1  
are g5]ally by f> too ?9 to resi/ s     

sev]e an  op]ation3 m ?an "o patelly has
 f\nd]$ outright1 ) all !  cont5ts1 9   
consequ5ce ( su* an accid5t2 ! be/ mode 
(  prev5t+ :i*1 is1 by fa/5+ a quantity 
( j[ 7an aquatic  species ( f]n17 to !  
inside1 z a l9+1 :]eby ! planks may be  
secur$ f injury4    ,:5 a vessel is     
track$ aga9/ ! /ream1 x is usual = !    
d&ies1 or boatm51 to g a%ore1 ea*       
furni%$ ) a club (  bamboo1 ab\t two    
feet 9 l5g?1 to :i* a piece ( /rong cord
 is  fa/5$ at "o end2 at ! same "t1 !   
ghoon1 or track-rope1 is  ve]$ out f a  
pulley 9 ! ma/ head1 or f a block la%$  
!reto1 to z great a l5g? z ! situation  
may dem&2 commonly1  f ab\t sev5ty to a 
hundr$ & fifty y>ds may suffice1 ?\gh1 9
  v %oal wat]1 mix$ ) deeps1 or1 :]e !  
gr\nd is f\l1 ev5 a  great] l5g? may be 
requisite4    ,! ghoon is ab\t two in*es
 r\nd1 & is made ( :ite rope well  laid3
 if made ( t>r$ rope1 x w\ld prove too  
heavy1 & oppose great  resi/ance1 by its
 want ( ela/icity1 to ! ex]tions ( !    
d&ies1 ea* ( :om1 fix+ ! end ( 8 cord to

 x1 & re/+  ! bamboo club ov] 8 %\ld]1 s
 t x may act1 9 "s measure1  z a lev]1  
proce$s at an easy pace1 8 body lean+   
well =w>d1  ea* foll[+ at ab\t f\r feet 
beh9d ! o!r4 ,! =emo/ at !  track-rope  
has a great advantage ov] 8 foll[]s2 he 
n be+  subject to ! num]\s *ecks &      
vibrations occasion$ by ! frequ5t       
imp$im5ts1 :e!r bu%es1 banks1 ma/s ( o!r
 vessels1 c41 :i*  op]ate v =cibly on ^?
 ^: cords are atta*$ to t "p (  ! rope 9
 8 re>4    ,! numb] ( d&ies at a        
track-rope may be too _m1 z well z too  
few2 except :5 a boat c keep close to ! 
%ore1 & ! ghoon  makes b a v small angle
 f ! l9e ( h] progress3 !n1 all  ! p[] t
 c be giv5 c]ta9ly proves effici5t2 b1  
:5 !  angle betwe5 ! boat's direction & 
! rope becomes consid]able1 x  is evid5t
 ! :ole labor falls on a v few ( ! lead+
 d&ies2  9 fact1 all b ^? few are !n    
compell$ to lib]ate _! cords  f ! ghoon1
 o!rwise !y mu/ be inevitably dragg$ out
 into !  /ream1 unless ^? cords 7 _m    
fa?oms1 in/ead ( only f\r or  five feet1

 9 l5g?4    ,! great] "p ( ! trad+ boats
 use a diff]5t app>atus =  track+2 9 !m1
 ea* d&y is suppli$ ) a f9e cord1 ab\t z
  ?ick z a swan's quill1 made ( a f9e   
k9d ( long grass call$  moonje1 :i*1 :5 
wett$1 & twi/$ into ?is k9d ( tackle1   
becomes firm & ela/ic2 ?\gh x w n answ] 
= cordage 9  g5]al4 ,ea* d&y has ab\t   
sev5ty y>ds ( l9e1 ! inn] end (  :i*    
fa/5s to a /\t rope1 reev$1 ! same z !  
ghoon1 at !  ma/-head1 & long en\gh to  
be let out amply :]e requisite4    ,!   
o!r end ( ! l9e is coil$ up by ea* d&y  
respectively1 :o  fa/5s 8 bamboo club by
 its cord1 at su* "p ( ! moonje l9e  z  
may be let out2 g5]ally a small quantity
 ( coil be+ res]v$1  :i* hangs d[n ei!r 
ov] ea* d&y's brea/ or %\ld]4 ,by ?is   
means1 ea* man tracks sep>ately1 & _c be
 idle )\t !  manjy in/antly detect+ him2
 ! sev]al l9es =m s _m rays  f !        
ma/-head1 & are capable1 :5 equally     
/ra9$1 to be> an  imm5se bur!n4    ,no?+
 c be m unpleasant ?an hav+ to pass a   
ghaut :]e  numb]s ( boats are ly+3 on   

su* an occasion1 a man is s5t up to !   
ma/-head ( ea*1 9 succession1 = !       
purpose ( pass+ !  ghoon2 :i*1 :5       
lib]at$ f "o1 sw+s on to ano!r1 caus+ a 
sev]e %ock to ! h9d] d&y ( ! track+     
p>ty4 ,"s use a  v simple device = pass+
 ! ghoon ov] _! ma/-heads3 ?is  consi/s 
m]ely ( a k9d ( =k1 made by ty+ ! end ( 
! ghoon1  ( ea* vessel respectively1 !n 
at re/1 to a long bamboo1 ab\t a  qu>t] 
( ! l5g? d[n4 ,! ghoon be+ pull$1 !     
bamboo is  rais$1 & c>ries ) x t ( !    
boat 9 motion3 a man !n slips  ! latt]  
ov] ! ma/-head ) great facility4    ,x  
is n always t ! p on bo>d boats1 lay+ at
 ghauts1  w turn out to pass ! ghoon2 on
 :i* occasions1 words are r>ely  ( mu*  
avail4 ,i always f\nd t a pellet-b[1 :i*
 s5ds  clay-balls to ab\t a hundr$ y>ds 
di/ance ) consid]able =ce1  produc$ an  
in/antane\s effect2 ! fir/ %ot rattl+   
aga9/ !  matt$ sides ( a vessel's       
int]ior1 r>ely fail+ to cause wondr\s   
activity on ! "p ( h] crew2 ?\gh1 n[ &  
!n1 x has be5  necess>y to repeat !     

op]ation1 be=e ! desir$ effect c\ld be  
produc$4    ,i /rongly recomm5d to all  
g5tlem5 travell+ by wat]1 t !y  insi/ on
 ! manjies ( _! sev]al boats c>ry+ a    
small flag1 (  "s obvi\s di/9ction1 at  
_! ma/-heads3 ?is prev5ts !m f  ly+ to1 
& conceal+ _! vessels amid/ a =e/ (     
ma/s1 z !y  are v apt to d1 :5 int5t ^u 
a cl&e/9e trad+ voyage4  ,besides1 z 9 !
 c\rse ( a day's track+1 & especially :5
  sail+1 x is v common = a budjr[ to get
 _m miles a-head1  su* a device !n      
becomes a guide z to ! propriety ( com+ 
to =  ! night1 or1 int]m$iately1 = d9n]1
 c4    ,! numb] ( miles :i* c be run ov]
 9 ! c\rse ( a day 9 a  budjr[1 w       
necess>ily v>y accord+ to circum/ances1 
guid$ by  ! quantity ( wat] 9 ! riv]1 ! 
direction & =ce ( ! w9d1  & ! compet5cy 
( ! crew4 ,i _c d bett]1 9 ?is place1   
?an  (f] ! words ( ,major ,r5nell4 ,at  
page #cfj ( 8 ,memoirs1 he says1  #8,f !
 beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 to ! middle1 or     
latt] end ( ,may1  ! usual rate ( go+ ) 
! /ream1 is =ty miles 9 a day (  twelve 

h\rs2 &1 dur+ ! re/ ( ! ye>1 f fifty to 
sev5ty  miles4 ,! curr5t is /ronge/ :ile
 ! wat]s ( ! inundation are  dra9+ (f2  
:i* happ5s1 9 "p1 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4'
    ,9 a =m] "p1 ,i rem>k$ t ! riv]s    
g5]ally rise a few in*es  9 ,may2 :i* is
 to be attribut$ to ! melt+ ( ! sn[ on  
^?  hills :]e ! ,ganges & ,b>ampoot] h  
_! s\rce4 ,bo? ^?  riv]s1 :i* h _! rise 
at ! base1 b on opposite sides1 ( !     
same m\nta91 &1 aft] sep>at+ to full    
twelve hundr$ miles  asund]1 unite1 & =m
 t imm5se volume ( wat] call$ ! ,megna1 
receive a supply f ! same qu>t]1 & at ! 
same "t3 we _c1  h[ev]1 expect ! =ce (  
_! curr5ts to be encreas$ mu* be=e  !   
ra9s are fairly set 91 :i* may be1      
g5]ally1 ab\t ! #aj? (  ,june1 :5 _!    
wat]s d1 inde$1 roll impetu\sly2 s mu*1 
t _m  a boat has proce$$ f ,patna to    
,monghyr1 a di/ance ( "o hundr$  measur$
 miles by l&1 & full "o hundr$ & tw5ty  
by wat]1  betwe5 day-break & sun-set4   
,major ,r5nell adds1 #8,sev5te5 to tw5ty
 miles a day1 accord+ to !  gr\nd1 & !  

numb] ( imp$im5ts1 is ! greate/ di/ance 
t a  l>ge budjr[ c be t[$ aga9/ ! /ream1
 dur+ ! fair season2  &1 to accompli%   
?is1 ! boat mu/ be drawn ?r\gh ! wat]1  
at  ! rate ( f\r miles & a half p] h\r1 
= twelve h\rs4 ,:5 !  wat]s are high1 a 
great] progress w be made1 not)/&+ !    
encreas$ velocity ( ! curr5t2 because1 !
 fill+ ( ! riv]-b$  gives _m            
opportunities ( cutt+ (f angles &       
turn+s2 &1  sometimes1 ev5 l>ge w9d+s1  
by go+ ?r\gh creeks4 ,z ! w9d1 at  ?is  
season1 bl[s upw>ds1' 7i4e4 aga9/ !     
curr5t17 #89 mo/ (  ! riv]s1            
opportunities ( us+ ! sail frequ5tly    
occur4'    ,x mu/ n be suppos$1 f !     
=ego+1 t ! boat actually  makes a       
progress ( f\r miles & a half )9 ! h\r3 
f> f x1  ! d&ies r>ely walk m ?an two   
miles 9 t "t1 b !  velocity ( ! curr5t  
be+ tak5 into acc\nt1 w\ld %ew1 t1 if a 
log 7 to be heav$1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !  
log & ! boat's  advance w\ld give !     
result allud$ to by ! ,major1 ^: g5]al  
correctness _c be too mu* admir$4    ,9 

us+ ! sail1 inf9ite *anges take place2  
sometimes x is full1  !n aga9           
close-haul$1 &1 p]haps1 ultimately1 l[]$
 on a sudd51  accord+ z ! c\rse ( ! riv]
 may *ange2 & ?is "s tw5ty or  ?irty    
times )9 ! day4 ,b :5 ! rea*es lie      
tol]ably fair1  t opportunity (f]s1 z   
sometimes happ5s = a :ole day toge!r1  &
 t ! w9d is brisk 9 favor1 a budjr[ w   
run (f f f\r  to six miles )9 ! h\r4 ,! 
riv] is (t5 s l[ z to r5d] !  navigation
 v t$i\s1 ev5 "u all ! above favorable  
circum/ances1 by =c+ ! manjy to abide by
 ! /rong deep  wat]s1 & to w9d 9 among !
 s&s1 :i* cause ! *annel to  *ange its  
direction v frequ5tly4    ,dur+ ! ra9s1 
& especially 9 ! cold mon?s1 travell+ by
 wat]  is extremely pleasant ) ! /ream2 
b1 :atev] facilities may be  af=d$1 9   
any %ape1 ,i _c say t any trip upw>ds1  
at :atev]  season1 af=d$ me ! smalle/   
gratification4 ,:at ) track+1  gett+    
agr\nd1 rema9+ long among eddies1 9 :i* 
human c>cases  7 float+ 9 all ! v>i\s   
/ages ( putrefaction1 ! du/  fly+1 c41  

c41 no?+ b ennui1 or impati5ce1 c       
reasonably be  expect$4    ,"h & !re a  
walk may be tak52 b he :o v5tures a%ore 
mu/ be  wat*ful to emb>k be=e ! budjr[  
may be oblig$ to put f> out  = ! purpose
 ( pass+ "s endless %all[2 o!rwise1 he  
may h  to walk "u a v]tical sun1 ?r\gh  
bu%es1 or ov] pl\gh$1 or  muddy1 l&s1 & 
among rav9es1 = _m an h\r1 be=e !       
opportunity _m (f] = gett+ on bo>d3 to  
cr[n ! :ole1 he may1  p]haps1 come to "s
 nullah1 or small /ream1 ov] :i* no     
conveyance is to be _h1 ei!r by bridge  
or boat6    ,my zeal = br++ home a few  
birds1 or a h>e1 has (t5 decoy$ me  into
 scrapes ( ?is k9d1 & caus$ me to utt]  
_m an imprecation  aga9/ ! riv]1 = w9d+1
 ! manjy1 = go+ on1 & my own  folly1 =  
subject+ myself to su* unpleasant       
circum/ances4 ,i mu/  freely confess1 t1
 9 ?is respect1 #8exp]i5ce did n give   
wisdom2' =1 aft] full a ?\s& & "o su*   
disappo9tm5ts1 ,i  felt1 at ! la/1 j z  
eag] z ev]1 to sil5ce su* *uckores 7a   
species ( gr\se7 z _h ! insol5ce to cr[ 

)9 my he>+6    ,! navigation ( ! l>ge   
riv]s is r m haz>d\s ?an among  ^? (    
less bread?4 ,:5 x is consid]$1 t !     
,ganges runs =  upw>ds ( a ?\s& miles   
?r\gh a c\ntry ne>ly level1 & ^:        
undulations are sc>cely p]ceptible1     
except 9 a few places :]e !  hills come 
d[n to ! wat]'s edge1 z at ,sickregully1
 ,po9tee1  ,colgong1 ,*un>1 c41 x mu/   
appe> obvi\s t b little %elt] c  be     
expect$ f ^! squalls1 call$             
#8nor?-we/]s1' :i*1 f !  end ( ,febru>y 
until ! sett+ 9 ( ! ra9s1 occur almo/   
daily1  & bl[ ) consid]able viol5ce4    
,ev5 :5 "u a high bank1 x  w require mu*
 c>e1 & good tackle1 to prev5t a budjr[ 
f  be+ bl[n out into ! middle1 :]e1 if  
%e is top-heavy1 z is too  (t5 ! case1 &
 ! prop] means be n tak5 to keep h] head
 to  ! w9d1 %e w /& a *ance ( be+       
ov]set4    ,=tunately1 ! approa* ( a    
squall is always /rongly indicat$ by  ! 
black appe>ance above ! horizon1 & by ! 
di/ant lightn+s3  :5 su* are suffici5tly
 *>act]iz$ to leave little d\bt ( !     

/orm's pass+ t way1 %elt] %\ld be s\ght 
9 "s creek1 or  "u "s high bank1 ( firm 
appe>ance1 :]e ! budjr[ %\ld be  well   
secur$ by haws]s1 c>ri$ out1 & made fa/ 
to1 sub/antial  /akes driv5 into ! gr\nd
 by means ( l>ge malls1 ) all :i*  e    
boat %\ld be amply provid$4 ,luggies1   
7or bamboo-poles17 ought  to be c>ri$   
out on ! lee-side1 = ! purpose ( resi/+ 
!  w9d1 & caus+ ! upp] p>ts ( ! vessel  
to be> up duly aga9/  ! sev]e gu/s :i*  
commonly u%] 9 ! gale4    ,if ! vessel  
is on a lee-%ore1 ! luggies mu/1 (      
c\rse1 be  betwe5 h] & ! bank1 to prev5t
 h] f bump+ aga9/ x1 &  ! an*or %\ld be 
c>ri$ out to w9dw>d1 into deep wat]1 to 
keep  h] f be+ =c$ a%ore3 a dang]       
p>ticul>ly to be appreh5d$ on  long     
%elv+ s&s2 :]e _m a well-condition$ boat
 has _h h]  bottom beat out1 by ! =ce ) 
:i* ! surges1 com+ across an  expanse ( 
p]haps a mile1 or m1 h da%$ h] aga9/ !  
h>d  s&4    ,su* situations are         
peculi>ly haz>d\s1 & ought to be avoid$ 
mo/  c>efully3 ! mis=tune is1 t1 f      

eag]ness to get =w>d1 &  f ! hope t a   
nor?-we/] may be ei!r mod]ate1 or pass  
ano!r way1 folks1 9 g5]al1 keep pu%+ on1
 & all[ _m a secure  asylum to be pass$ 
v imprud5tly6 ,^? :o h exp]i5c$ !       
effects ( a viol5t squall ab\t ,%e]ness1
 may be prop] judges (  :at is to be    
expect$ f a mo/ furi\s gale1 :i* (t5    
cont9ues  = an h\r1 or m1 9 a riv] :i*  
may be said g5]ally to fl[  betwe5 banks
 full two miles asund]1 & :i* are1 9 mo/
 p>ts1 f  ?ree to five1 9 "s1 full sev51
 miles ap>t6    ,ab\t ,b5gal1 especially
 9 ! ,sund]bund-passages1 decoits1 or   
wat]-robb]s1 are sometimes num]\s4 ,^!  
(t5 assemble 9 fleets1  compos$ ( long  
n>r[ boats1 r[+ f twelve to ?irty o>s1  
or  paddles1 at pleasure1 & c>ry+ f     
?irty to sixty1 or sev5ty1  m54         
,sometimes _! fleets h be5 s =midable1 &
 h s  effectually put a /op to all      
comm]ce1 z to call ! att5tion (         
gov]nm5t1 & to dem& ! pres5ce ( a /rong 
e/abli%m5t1 back$  by lib]al (f]s (     
rew>ds1 be=e ! riv]s c\ld be resort$ to 

9  safety4 ,betwe5 ,dacca & ,back]gunge1
 among ! isl&s =m$ by !  sev]al m9or    
bran*es ( ! ,ganges1 & by ! innum]able  
creeks1  ) :i* ! b&itti are p]fectly    
famili>1 x has (t5 be5  impossible = any
 boat to make its way1 ev5 = a few      
miles1 )\t  be+ bo>d$ by ^! decoits4    
,z to rew>ds1 little good is to be      
expect$ f !m2 ! sy/em  adopt$ by !      
m>aud]s is su* z to r5d] abortive any   
lures ( t  description4 ,:]e all        
p>ticipate1 all w be f\nd fai?ful to !  
cause1 :e!r virtue or vice be ! lead]2  
&1 :]e localities are  su* z to af=d    
p]fect security f ! common run (        
pursu]s1 &  :]e numb]s r5d] !           
association too =midable to admit any   
hope (  success on ! "p ( small         
deta*m5ts2 9 su* in/ances1 rew>ds c     
r>ely produce ! smalle/ b5efit4         
,:]ev] a boat1 or ev5 a fleet1 may come 
to = ! night1 x w be  indisp5sably      
necess>y to keep a %>p look-out aga9/   
?ieves1 :o1  app]ta9+ to ! sev]al       
villages 9 ! neighb\rhood1 r>ely fail   

to assemble1 dur+ ! night1 "u "s bold   
*ief1 & to make an  attempt to plund] by
 ma9 =ce4 ,x is sc>cely to be cr$it$ to 
:at  a height ?is d>+ species ( robb]y  
has be51 at times1 c>ri$4  ,7 no o!r    
occasion exi/+1 ?is w\ld am\nt to ample 
cause =  obta9+1 if possible1 a gu>d (  
sepoys1 = ! purpose ( protect+  ! boats2
 b1 /range to say1 x is sometimes       
necess>y to compel !  villag]s to sell  
_! p\ltry1 c41 to pass5g]s1 bo? by l& & 
by  wat]1 al?\gh n simply a lib]al1 b an
 exorbitant remun]ation is  (f]$4       
,?is does n proce$ f unwill+ness to make
 money1 nor to sell !  article 9 "q1 b  
m]ely f a _s ( opposition :i*  p]vades a
 l>ge portion ( ! native population1 :o 
are (t5 too  adv]se to contribute to !  
com=t1 or1 m prop]ly1 to !  exi/5ce1 (  
,europeans4 ,x mu/ seem curi\s t our    
c\ntrym5 are  all[$ to reside among a p 
( su* a disposition1 s f>  out-numb]+1 &
 possess$ ( su* easy means ( extirpat+1 
u1 )  v little previ\s arrangem5t4    ,9
 say+ ?is1 ,i d n mean to accuse !      

natives ( ,india ( be+ s  debas$1 s     
immoral1 or s v9dictive1 z !y h be5     
repres5t$ by  _m g5tlem51 especially "s 
div9es :o h lately return$ f  ! ,ea/1 & 
^: op9ions brea! by no means ! _s ( t   
sublime religion !y w\ld co]ce ! natives
 to adopt4 ,tak+ all  po9ts into        
consid]ation1 & view+ ! nature ( !      
c\ntry  conjo9tly ) ! nature ( _! laws1 
& ( _! =m]  gov]nm5t1 ,i ?9k we h by f> 
m to admire ?an to c5sure1 9 a  race (  
p1 :o1 not)/&+ "s highly rem>kable      
in/ances (  depravity1 may be class$    
among ! mo/ innoc5t1 & mo/ indu/ri\s1  (
 worldly inhabitants666    ,?is is say+ 
mu*1 b n too mu*1 ( a nation ^: gov]nm5t
  absolutely tol]ates ?iev+ z a regul>  
pr(ession1 & :i* has  be5 kn[n to make a
 v free use ( ! tal5ts ( its subjects = 
! purposes ( obta9+ plund]1 or (        
gratify+ its pique &  res5tm5t4 ,i mu*  
fe>1 t1 if su* 7 ! case ) u1 & t1  if1  
in/ead ( be+ rul$ by a virtu\s k+1 we 7 
plac$ "u a  buccane]+ mon>*1 we %\ld by 
no means f9d s _m pleas (  ext5uation z 

! natives ( ,h9do/an c ju/ly boa/6    ,!
 tru? ( ?is position1 9 itself s        
reasonable1 is made m fully  evid5t by !
 obvi\s diff]5ce subsi/+ betwe5 !       
,company's &  ! ,vizi]'s dom9ions4 ,9 ! 
=m]1 ! depr$ations committ$ are  always 
nocturnal1 & ( t description to be      
expect$ "u !  =ego+ circum/ances2 9 !   
latt]1 ! speculation is inf9itely  m    
op51 m sy/ematic1 & m ext5sive4    ,t   
consid]able amelioration mu/ h tak5     
place "u our  gov]nm5t1 is to be prov$1 
f ! safety ) :i* travell]s may  proce$  
by l& ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 :5 comp>$ ) !   
extreme  dang] att5dant ^u a j\rney     
?r\gh any "p ( ! ,vizi]'s  t]ritory2    
:]e9 almo/ e well pres5ts ! horrid      
spectacle (  ! mangl$ bodies ( ^? :o    
become victims to ! sangu9>y hordes  (  
robb]s t infe/ e "p ( t pr9ce's         
dom9ions4    ,on ?is acc\nt1 e g5tleman 
proce$+ by l&1 f "o to ano!r  /ation1   
%\ld make a po9t ( obta9+ a small gu>d (
 a naik &  f\r1 or ev5 ( two1 sepoys1 ^:
 pres5ce w g5]ally prove a  consid]able 

*eck on ! adv5tur\s disposition ( !     
villag]s 9  t qu>t]4 ,?is precaution w  
n1 h[ev]1 alone be suffici5t2           
application %\ld be made to ! jemmad>1  
or head-bor\gh1 ( ea*  village :]e !    
p>ty may encamp1 = a c]ta9 numb] (      
*okey-d>s1 7wat*m517 proportion$ to !   
numb] ( t5ts1 horses1  c41 & ! :ole ( ! 
prop]ty ( e description %\ld be         
nom9ally put "u ! *>ge ( ! m5 ?us       
furni%$1 obs]v+1  t ! regul> pay1 :i*   
may be f f\r to six pice1 or halfp5ce1  
= ea*1 %\ld be punctually paid to !     
jemmad> :5 ! camp  breaks up ! next     
morn+1 & t e item is f\nd to be 9 a     
/ate ( safety4    ,:5 coolies 7i4e4     
port]s7 are want$1 to c>ry ! b$s1       
tables1  c1 ( a p>ty1 application %\ld  
be made1 9 l mann]1 to !  jemmad>2 & :51
 aft] arrival at ! next /age1 !y may be 
dis*>g$1 x w be prop] to be att5tive to 
! regul> paym5t (  e individual ?us     
furni%$2 o!rwise1 ! s]vants to :om x may
  be entru/$ to dis*>ge !m1 w g5]ally   
)hold a l>ge portion1  or ev5 ! :ole1 ( 

:at may h be5 ord]$4    ,by ?us regul>ly
 att5d+ to matt]s ( ?is description1 !  
villag]s w come =w>d ) m alacrity2 ?\gh1
 x mu/ be  confess$1 !y are g5]ally v   
unwill+ to engage z coolies2  :i* is n  
to be wond]$ at1 s9ce ! jemmad>s g5]ally
 extort  f !m at lea/ half _! e>n+s on  
su* occasions3 ! evil be+  incurable1 z 
matt]s n[ /&1 mu/ be borne z gracefully 
z our  feel+s may all[2 & we mu/ rema9  
cont5t ) ! reflection (  do+ ju/ice     
ourselves1 ?\gh we "k = c]ta9 t our     
lib]ality1  9 ! end1 fl[s into a wrong  
*annel4    ,:5 practicable1 x is highly 
exp$i5t to obta9 f ! ,european          
collector's (fice1 or ev5 f any ( !     
natives "u 8 imm$iate  au?ority1 :o may 
be deput$ to1 or resid5t at1 su* places 
z lie  ne> ! road1 a rhahwaunah1 or     
pass-port1 :]e9 x %\ld be set  =?1 t1   
:atev] necess>ies1 or coolies1 or       
*okey-d>s1 or  d[raws1 7guides17 may be 
requisite1 %\ld be furni%$ by su*       
jemmad>s ( villages z %\ld be call$ ^u =
 supplies ( !  above description4 ,?is  

always ensures respect & att5tion1 &    
causes  ! :ole ( ! p]sons1 to :om x is  
address$1 to be vigilant 9 !  dis*>ge ( 
_! duties1 le/ compla9ts %\ld be pref]r$
 to !  collector1 :o w\ld spe$ily summon
 !m to 8 c\rt1 & puni% !m  9 a suitable 
mann]4    ,h[ev] audaci\s ! ?ieves1 :e!r
 h\se-break]s1 or collectors on  !      
highways1 may be1 !y v r>ely make an    
imm$iate attack on  ,europeans4 ,?is1 no
 d\bt1 proce$s f ! s5se !y ent]ta9 ( !  
importance we atta* to ! safety ( our   
c\ntrym51 ! murd]] (  :om w\ld be       
assur$ly detect$1 & suff] ! full s5t5ce 
( !  law4 ,besides1 all ! p ( ,h9do/an  
"k1 t1 ) ! exception  ( wat*es1 :i*1 =  
want ( pawn-brok]s1 & accomplices skill$
 9  ! melt+ ( metals1 are ( no use to ! 
pr$atory tribe1 ,europeans  nev] c>ry   
ab\t ) !m any ?+ valuable4 ,no g5tleman 
ev] has  money ab\t him2 ?\gh 8 s]vants 
sometimes h1 9 _! wai/s1 a  few rupees1 
int5d$ = su* disbursem5ts z _c be delay$
 )\t  inconv5i5ce4    ,h5ce1 ! boxes1   
c41 ( g5tlem51 are g5]ally aim$ at1     

because !  ca% & valuables are conta9$ 9
 !m2 = ! same reason1 ! mo/  confid5tial
 s]vants are mo/ commonly select$ z     
objects ( attack4  ,y\r true ,h9do/anee 
robb] is1 9 g5]al1 v active1 robu/1 &   
capable ( great deception3 he w patrole 
ab\t a t5t1 dur+ a d>k  night1 9 ! mann]
 ( a dog1 or ( a jackal2 ! h[l ( :i* he 
c1  p]haps1 imitate s well z to deceive 
! s5tries1 & ?r[ !m  completely (f _!   
gu>d4    ,if all[$ to approa* a t5t1 he 
w select t side :]e sev]al  s]vants are 
asleep "u ! fly1 or awn+1 & gradually   
ins9uate  himself into ! int]ior1 ei!r  
by pass+ "u ! walls1 or betwe5  !       
ov]laps2 if su* _c be easily effect$1 he
 draws 8 *oory1  7knife17 :i* is %>p5$ =
 ! occasion1 & makes a slit 9 !  clo?1  
or canvas1 l>ge en\gh to pass 8 body    
?r\gh1 :51 9 !  mo/ cauti\s mann]1 &    
reta9+ 8 brea? z mu* z possible1 he     
gropes ab\t = ^? articles :i*1 dur+ !   
day-"t1 he _h se5  deposit$ 9 "s        
p>ticul> "p ( ! t5t1 &1 aft] mak+ an    
op5+ l>ge en\gh = 8 purpose1 or by op5+ 

"o ( ! doors1 he  wat*es ! opportunity =
 escap+ ) 8 booty4    ,! attempt to     
seize a ?ief "u su* circum/ances1 is    
extremely  haz>d\s1 & ought to be       
/rongly repreh5d$4 ,be+ p]fectly nak$1  
& hav+ ! body highly lubricat$ ) oil1 x 
is impossible to  grasp him 9 any "p2   
:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 he mu/ be expect$ to 
use 8 knife v freely1 "u ! det]m9ation (
 escap+4    ,i recollect a curi\s       
circum/ance t happ5$ 9 #aghc1 at        
,bankypore1  :5 ! t5t ( a /aff-(fic] 0  
ent]$1 dur+ ! night1 by a  fell[ ( ?is  
description1 :o1 x be+ moon-light1 & "o 
"p (  ! t5t only clos$ by a *eek1 0     
discov]$ by ! g5tleman z he  lay 9 b$4  
,see+ 8 prop]ty on ! move1 he sprang up 
to dis5gage a  hog-spe> t 0 ti$ up to t 
pole ( ! m>quee :i* 0  ne>e/ ! b$2 b !  
?ief got ! />t ( him1 by seiz+ !        
(fic]'s sword1 :i* 0 susp5d$ by a hook t
 buckl$ on to !  o!r pole4 ,! adv5tur]  
be+ ?us arm$1 prev5t$ ! g5tleman  f     
gett+ possession ( ! spe>3 aft] "o or   
two m5ac+  fl\ri%es1 he d>t$ out ( !    

t5t1 sword 9 h&1 & 0 spe$ily  beyond !  
rea* ( pursuit4    ,ano!r v ludicr\s    
circum/ance occurr$ "s ye>s antec$5t to 
! above4 ,a g5tleman :o inhabit$ a small
 bungal[1 on ! banks (  a riv]1 & :o 0 v
 ill ( t compla9t #8! liv]1' = :i*  he 0
 "u a c\rse ( m]cury1 p]ceiv$1 9 ! dusk 
( ! ev5+1  a ?ief pr[l+ ab\t ! ap>tm5t 9
 :i* he 0 sitt+4 ,! fell[  0 extremely  
indu/ri\s3 & ?rew a numb] ( articles1 n 
ev5  sp>+ ! b$-l951 out at a w9d[ t /ood
 op54 ,! g5tleman  affect$ to take no   
notice1 b resolv$1 :5 ! ?ief %\ld foll[ 
8 booty1 to take him by surprize1 :ile 9
 ! act ( collect+ !m  f "u ! w9d[4      
,?is 01 by no means1 an imprud5t        
resolution1 z x appe>$ probable  t !    
rogue might be secur$1 at ! same "t t ! 
prop]ty  %\ld be recov]$4 ,at l5g?1 aft]
 hav+ ?r[n out :atev] 0  conv5i5t to 8  
purpose1 & hav+ peep$ out ( ! w9d[1 !   
?ief made sudd5ly t[>ds ! g5tleman1 &   
snat*$ f 8 head a  beautiful %awl1 ) :i*
 he skipp$ out ( ! w9d[4    ,?is feat   
dem&$ in/ant action2 ! g5tleman call$   

lu/ily = 8  s]vants1 :o1 awak+ f _!     
slumb]s1 ran to obey ! vocif]at$        
summons1 & 7 j 9 "t to see a small d+y  
7or boat7 pull+  away to ! opposite     
bank1 ) ! goods1 ! ?ief1 & 8            
accomplices1 on bo>d6    ,all :o travel 
by l&1 %\ld be on _! gu>d nev] to all[  
juggl]s1 or %[-m51 ( :atev] description1
 to ent] _! t5ts2  :i* !y w endeavor to 
d1 "u pret5ce ( %ew+ (f _!  mumm]ies1 ) 
! int5tion ( asc]ta9+ ! po/ure ( :atev] 
moveables may be )94 ,9 ?is1 !y are     
sometimes mi/ak52 x be+  usual to h all 
boxes1 camp-baskets1 c41 assembl$ ab\t !
 foot (  ! t5t-pole1 at night1 & to     
secure !m by means ( a *a9 pass+  ?r\gh 
_! respective h&les1 c42 ! ends ( ! *a9 
be+  furni%$ ) a padlock4    ,9 fair    
wea!r1 ! safe/ mode is to h all ! ?+s   
mov$ out (  ! t5t1 & plac$ 9 a heap1 "u 
*>ge ( a s5try1 :o !n ne$  pay little   
att5tion to any o!r object1 z ! ?ieves  
are mo/ int5t  on ^? trunks1 c41 :i* !y 
suppose to conta9 money1 plate1 c43  z  
to articles ( app>el1 !y are ( little   

value1 & w\ld1  probably1 lead to       
discov]y2 ! h&les ( swords1 &           
brea/-plates1  ( (fic]s1 be+ g5]ally (  
solid silv]1 may be plac$ among !       
furtive desid]ata1 !re=e1 %\ld be plac$ 
9 a /ate ( security4    ,:5 ,i speak (  
discov]y1 x is n to be und]/ood t ! same
  dread is ent]ta9$ on t head1 z        
prevails among ! ?ieves ( ?is  qu>t] ( !
 _w4 ,9 ,india1 :ole villages are       
inhabit$ by ?ieves1  :o keep ! c\ntry   
ar\nd 9 a /ate ( p]petual t]ror & (     
vigilance3 h5ce1 :5 a jemmad> furni%es  
*okey-d>s1 he (t5  does x ) great       
reluctance1 "u ! appreh5sion ( a visit f
  "s neighb\r+ gang ( notoriety1 :o act 
) great] confid5ce1  f ! consid]ation1 t
 ! village1 at :i* ! robb]y may take    
place1 w be acc\ntable = :atev] prop]ty 
may be /ol54    ,h5ce1 a p>ty is always 
safe/ :5 encamp$ ne> a village (        
pr(ess$ ?ieves1 :o w1 ord9>ily1 =be> to 
depr$ate "u t  circum/ance2 consci\s t !
 value put ^u ! sev]al articles  /ol51  
mu/ necess>ily be1 at lea/1 t5fold _!   

value to !  robb]s2 ?\gh n 9 ! lea/     
exagg]at$ by ^? f :om !y  7 /ol54    ,"h
 x is to be obs]v$1 t1 9 ord] to r5d] ! 
claim to  remun]ation cle> & decisive1 x
 is prop] t a requisition %\ld  h be5   
made to ! jemmad> = *okey-d>s2 o!rwise1 
x may be  argu$1 t ! prop]ty 0 n "u 8   
protection4 ,sometimes1 by  way ( cavil1
 a jemmad>1 ( su* a description1 w f9d  
fault )  ! position ( an encampm5t1 &   
use _m pleas = ! purpose (  rais+       
objections1 :5ev] ! losses su/a9$ may be
 laid be=e !  collector1 or judge ( !   
di/rict4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he %\ld refuse to  
grant *okey-d>s1 x w be necess>y to keep
 a v %>p look-out2  x be+ a /rong       
indication ( int5d$ mis*ief4    ,almo/ e
 jemmad> ( "* w reprobate ! indulg5ce ( 
t k9d ( curiosity :i* leads g5tlem51 on 
_! fir/ arrival1 to  pay ! smalle/      
att5tion to ! p]=mances ( m\ntebanks1   
juggl]s1  puppet-%[-m51 c42 all ( :om   
are notori\s ?ieves1 & are  att5d$ by   
num]\s conf$]ates1 ^: bus9ess x is to   
patrole ab\t  "u ! semblance (          

c\ntry-bumk9s1 come to view ! camp1 & to
  take advantage ( :atev] opportunities 
may arise1 9 consequ5ce (  s]vants1 c41 
quitt+ _! sev]al *>ges1 to witness !    
exhibitions ( ! attractive portion ( !  
gang4    ,my memory supplies v>i\s      
in/ances ( ! success ( ?is /ratagem2 a  
circum/ance n to be wond]$ at1 :5 we    
consid] ! almo/  incr$ible p]fection to 
:i* leg]-de-ma91 ! t\r de  passe-passe1 
& gymna/ic exhibitions1 are br\ght 9    
,india4 ,i %all  (f] a few ( ! feats    
display$ by ^! p1 obs]v+1 t1  ) reg>d to
 draw+ y>ds ( ?read f ! noses & e>s (   
spectators2 cutt+ _! turbans into       
pieces1 & jo9+ !m aga92  *ang+ eggs to  
*ick5s1 & mango-/ones into gr[+ bu%es1  
be>+  ! ripe fruit1 mak+ pigeons lay    
eggs1 c42 all su* are consid]$ z  m]e   
common-place deceptions1 conf9$ to ! l[]
 ord]s ( ?is class  ( vagabonds4    ,!  
pass+ a sword-blade1 ( ab\t two feet 9  
l5g?1 & two in*es  9 bread?1 d[n !      
gullet1 s z to be di/9ctly felt by !    
application ( a h& to ! op]ator's /oma*1

 is c]ta9ly ! mo/  extraord9>y "p ( !   
exhibition4 ,9 ?is1 !re is no deception 
:atev]2 ! sword is entire1 & firmly fix$
 to ! h&le2 :ile its  solidity is su* z 
to remove all d\bt reg>d+ pliancy or    
evasion 9  any mode3 all we c say ( x   
is1 t ! practice is adopt$ at an  e>ly  
age2 & t ! implem5t us$ is gradually    
encreas$1 f a  small rattan to t above  
describ$4    ,z to vault+1 ! numb] (    
som]sets1 & cap]s1 made1 ) seem+        
facility1 :ile b\nd+ ov] ! backs (      
elephants1 or ( camels1  plac$          
side-by-side1 are truly a/oni%+6 ,?r[+  
spe>s at ea*  o!r1 & cat*+ !m "u ! arms1
 :ile 9 ! act ( mission1  mutually1 _c b
 cause bo? dread & surprize3 ! accuracy 
)  :i* ?is is con/antly done1 seems to  
preclude all admiration at !  skill ( ! 
celebrat$ ,william ,tell4    ,jump+     
?r\gh a frame t supports sev]al1 p]haps 
a doz51 (  tulw>s1 7cutlasses17 ( :i* ! 
edges are rem>kably %>p1 &  :i* appe> to
 preclude ! passage ( a man's body ?r\gh
 ! little  int]val left among _! po9ts1 

mu/ be view$ ) admiration2 z  mu/ also !
 runn+ b>e-foot along a piece ( clo?1   
p]haps t5  y>ds 9 l5g?1 t is support$1  
at ab\t a foot f ! gr\nd1 by  sev]al m51
 ea* ( :om holds1 "u ! clo?1 a %>p      
tulw>1 (  :i* ! edge is turn$ upw>ds3 ! 
a/oni%+ agility ) :i*  ?is is p]=m$1    
absolutely requires to be se5 ere x c be
 duly  appreciat$6    ,"s curi\s        
p]=mances 9 balanc+ are wor?y ( notice3 
( ^!1  ! /r++1 & un/r++1 ( eggs1 is1    
p]haps1 ! mo/  extraord9>y4 ,a man      
balances1 on 8 head1 a k9d ( platt]1    
project+1 p]haps1 six in*es e way1 ( r a
 conical =m1  7inv]t$17 & furni%$ all   
ar\nd ) draw-loops (1 p]haps1 a foot  9 
l5g?1 & ab\t two in*es asund]3 _! :ole  
numb] may am\nt  to tw5ty1 or m4 ,on 8  
left arm he be>s a basket1 conta9+ z  _m
 eggs z !re are loops atta*$ to !       
platt]4    ,us+ "o foot = a pivot1 he   
keeps mov+ r\nd by ! aid ( !  o!r1 s z  
make ab\t t5 revolutions 9 a m9ute1 &1  
:ile 9  motion1 successively takes !    
eggs f ! basket1 &1 ) 8 "r  h& only1    

puts ea* into a loop1 draw+ x tight1 s z
 to reta9 !  egg firmly 9 an equipois$  
/ate4    ,9 ?is mann] he /r+s all !     
eggs1 & aga9 un/r+s &  re-places !m 9 ! 
basket2 he always mov+ ! same way4 ,:5 !
  :ole are /rung1 ! music quick5s its "t
 consid]ably1 & !  op]ator1 con=m+ to ! 
*ange1 accel]ates 8 pace 9 proportion1  
until ! velocity acquir$ by ! eggs is   
su*1 z to occasion _!  :irl+ on a level 
) ! platt]4    ,i consid] ?is to be !   
mo/ ardu\s ( all ! ex]cises 9 t  bran*  
:i* dep5ds1 pr9cipally1 on delicacy &   
caution4 ,if we  consid] h[ _m *ances ( 
failure exi/1 :e!r f a slip ( !  foot1 a
 want ( att5tion to ! due elevation ( ! 
elb[1 ! aptness  ( ! unemploy$ loops to 
become entangl$1 ! gidd9ess to be       
appreh5d$ f turn+ full half an h\r1 )   
su* spe$1 always !  same way1 & !       
possibility ( all[+ a newly-lad5 loop to
 fall  into its place too sudd5ly1 & !  
same 9 )draw+ x1 :5 ab\t  to take out ! 
egg2 all ^! are c]ta9ly po9ts v         
difficult to  compass1 or to avoid1 &   

entitle ! arti/ to unlimitt$            
approbation4    ,i obs]ve1 9 ,cord9]'s  
,description ( ,ceylon1 "s feats ( !    
juggl]s 9 t isl& notic$ z be+ beyond    
comp>e2 b ,i _c  conceive any ?+ m      
dext]\s ?an t op]ation1 s common 9      
,b5gal1 ( balanc+ a bamboo ladd]1 ab\t  
fifte5 feet 9 l5g?1 on a  man's *91 &   
all[+ a well-gr[n lad1 or a "y woman1 to
 asc5d  to ! summit1 by w9d+ 9 & out    
betwe5 ! /eps1 7:i* b>ely  admit ! body 
to pass17 & ultimately to desc5d1 head  
=emo/1 9  ! same mann]1 aft] balanc+1   
horizontally1 ) ext5d$ arms &  legs1 on 
ei!r /&>d ( ! ladd]4 ,i h (t5 wond]$ :at
 !  man's *9 c\ld be made (666    ,sw>m+
 up a /\t bamboo pole1 ( full tw5ty feet
 long1 balanc$ on a  man's hip1 or      
%\ld]1 & desc5d+ aga91 by fir/ atta*+ to
 !  summit by ! toes1 & measur+ a :ole  
l5g? d[nw>ds1 ! back  be+ aga9/ !       
bamboo2 !n turn+ ! opposite way1 & ?us1 
9  alt]nate succession2 always appe>$ to
 me equally dang]\s &  a/oni%+4 ,to p]=m
 ?is1 a man mu/ possess unconscionable  

/r5g?  9 8 toes & ankles3 ! fir/ slip   
w\ld infallibly be ! la/6    ,!         
puppet-%[s1 call$ kaut-pootlies1 7i4e4  
wood5 infants17 are  c]ta9ly sup]ior to 
,mr4 ,pun* & 8 wife1 z exhibit$ by v>i\s
  r5[n$ p]sons ?r\gh\t ,engl&4 ,9       
,india1 !re is to be se5 f>  great]     
v>iety1 bo? 9 ! subject1 & 9 ! sev]al   
dramatis  p]son3 !re1 some?+ l a regul> 
piece is repres5t$1 & x  r>ely requires 
a gloss>y1 or int]pret]1 to def9e !     
sev]al  sc5es2 an aid1 )\t :i* our      
arti/s1 9 g5]al1 make b little          
impression on _! spectators1 ^:         
imag9ations are g5]ally set on  ! /ret* 
to div9e ! mean+ ( v>i\s antics1 :i*1   
?\gh  abundantly ludicr\s1 seem to      
proce$ f mom5t>y fancy1 r ?an  f any    
regul> sy/em4    ,! kaut-pootly-wallah1 
or puppet-danc]1 does n conf9e himself  
to  a small c5try-box-l !atre2 on !     
contr>y1 :5 he is to display  be=e any  
respectable p]sons1 he makes a po9t (   
pay+ 8 respects  dur+ ! day1 & (        
solicit+ ! loan ( ei!r a small t5t1 a   

konaut1 a satr9je1 or "s su* article1 = 
! purpose (  enclos+ & cov]+ 9 !        
necess>y space1 s t he & 8  co-adjutors 
may p]=m _! p>ts 9 secresy4 ,x is       
commonly made a  po9t t ! p]=mance %\ld 
be by c&le-light1 & at "s little        
di/ance f ! l9e ( t5ts4 ,?is is almo/ a 
s9e qu non )  ?is tribe1 :o1 be+ 9      
league ) rogues ( all descriptions1     
r>ely  fail to pr(it by ! abs5ce (      
s]vants f ! *>ge ( _!  ma/]s' prop]ty1  
&1 :ile p]haps bo? ma/] & man are gr9n+ 
at ! objects pres5t$ on ! prosc5ium1 are
 employ$ 9 remov+  f ! t5ts :atev]      
articles1 ( a portable description1 may 
be  expos$ to depr$ation4    ,sometimes 
! f>ce is conclud$ by a %[] ( clods1 c41
 ?r[n f  a di/ance1 & ! :ole fly 9      
confusion4 ,?is is a device practis$  on
 ! lib]al1 "u ! repres5tation ( ! deal] 
9 wood &  wire-"w1 t "s ( ! nutkuts1 or 
frolicksome y\?s1 ( !  camp1 h batt]$ ! 
:ole ( ! p>aph]nalia to pieces2 9       
confirmation ( :i*1 "s heads & tails (  
ci-devant k+s &  que5s are produc$4 ,i 0

 once mu* amus$ ) an imposition ( ?is   
k9d1 t 0 practis$1 ) admirable address1 
^u a good-natur$  field (fic]1 :o       
actually cr$it$ ! repres5tation1 &1 9   
addition to ! loss ( sev]al c&le-/icks1 
& "s o!r small  items1 l5t to ! arti/s1 
comp\nd$ to pay = v>i\s fractures1      
simple & comp\nd1 su/a9$ by ! inanimate 
h]oes6    ,among ! it9]ant amusem5ts (  
,india1 we mu/ class ! nuts1 or         
tumbl]s1 a p totally di/9ct f all ! o!r 
inhabitants (  ! c\ntry1 & :o           
correspond1 9 a numb] ( in/ances1 ) !   
gypsies ( ,europe4 ,! foll[+ extracts f 
a pap] furni%$ to !  ,asiatic ,society  
by ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,d4 ,t4          
,ri*>dson1 a g5tleman (  ackn[l$g$      
abilities1 & :o has be5 rem>kably       
indu/ri\s 9  obta9+ a v complete        
acqua9tance ) ! cu/oms & languages (    
,h9do/an1 w display ?is matt] 9 ! be/   
mann]1 & %ew t a  great] connection     
subsi/s1 or at lea/ has subsi/$1 betwe5 
!  nuts ( ,asia1 & ! gypsies ( ,europe1 
?an our lit]ati are 9  g5]al aw>e (4    

,at page #dgc1 ( ! ,asiatic ,rese>*es1  
we h ! foll[+ passage4  #8,bo? !        
gypsies1 & ! nuts1 are g5]ally a w&]+   
race (  be+s1 seldom hav+ a fix$        
habitation4 ,!y h ea* a language        
peculi> to !mselves4 ,t ( ! gypsies is1 
und\bt$ly1 a specim5  ( ,h9do/anee1 & s 
is t ( ! nuts4 ,9 ,europe1 x answ]s  all
 ! purposes ( concealm5t4 ,"h1 a        
conv]sion ( its syllables  becomes      
necess>y4' 7i4e4 9 ,india47    #8,!     
gypsies h _! k+2 ! nuts _! n>d>-b\tah2  
!y are  equally =m$ into companies1 & _!
 peculi> employm5ts are  exactly simil>2
 viz4 danc+1 s++1 music1 palmi/ry1      
quack]y1  danc]s ( monkeys1 be>s1 &     
snakes4 ,! two latt] pr(essions1 f      
local causes1 are peculi> to ! nuts4 ,!y
 are bo? consid]$ z  ?ieves2 at lea/1 t 
division ( ! nuts ^: mann]s come  ne>e/ 
^? ( ! gypsies4 ,9 matt]s ( religion !y 
appe> equally  indiff]5t2 we "k t nei!r 
! gypsies1 nor ! budeea-nuts1  are v    
*oice on t p>ticul>2 &1 ?\gh ,i h n     
obta9$ any  satisfactory pro( ( _! eat+ 

human fle%1 ,i d n f9d x easy to  dive/ 
my m9d ( suspicions on ?is head4 ,inde$1
 "o w\ld ?9k !  /oma* t c\ld receive1   
)\t nausea1 a piece ( putrid jackal1    
c\ld n well reta9 any qualms 9 !        
selection ( animal food4'    ,colonel   
,ri*>dson furni%es a numb] ( words 9 use
 among ! gypsies1  :i* correspond       
imm$iately ) o!rs 9 ! language ( ! nuts4
  ,i (f] a few1 :i* appe> to me be/     
adapt$ to ! illu/ration (  ?is po9t2    
obs]v+1 t ! or?ography us$ by ! au?or1  
?\gh  p]fectly correct1 w\ld n prove    
satisfactory to a p]son unv]s$ 9  !     
,ori5tal pronunciation ( ! v[els4 ,z a  
rem$y1 or r an aid1  absolutely necess>y
 t[>ds giv+ ! ,european read] a p]fect  
conception ( ! due intonations1 ,i h1 9 
?is1 foll[$ my ord9>y  plan ( spell+ !  
,h9do/anee words1 9 su* mann] z %\ld    
enable  a p]son totally ignorant ( t    
language to pron\nce !m )  propriety4   
,,gypsey ,,words4      ,,h9do/anee      
,,synonymes4     ,,engli% ,,translat4   
,apra                    ,oop]          

,above        ,bebee                    
,beebee                  ,aunt1 or lady 
,p[nee                  ,pawnee         
,wat]        ,devus                     
,dewus                   ,day           
,rattee                  ,raut          
,night        ,c                        
,caun                    ,e>        ,dad
                     ,dada              
,gr&fa!r        ,vala%tee               
,belai/                 ,f+]            
,mut*ee                 ,mut*ee         
,fi%        ,gur                        
,g'hur                   ,h\se          
,%+                   ,s+               
,horn        ,ball[                     
,baul                    ,hair          
,%unalee                ,soonaie        
,he>+        ,liecaw                    
,leckap                  ,writ+         
,dai                     ,dhye          
,nurse        ,mass                     
,mass                    ,food          
,tod                     ,dood          
,milk        ,boot                      

,bote                    ,mu*           
,nack                    ,nauk          
,nose        ,booro-panee               
,burrah-paunee           ,great wat]    
,doriove                 ,d]ri[         
,riv]        ,lolo                      
,loll                    ,r$            
,booro-*airee           ,burra-*oory    
,great knife        ,roop               
,roopah                  ,silv]         
,saup                    ,saump         
,snake        ,dick5                    
,deckna                  ,to see        
,loon                    ,noon          
,salt        ,jaw                       
,j[                     ,g              
,kali-coe                ,kul-ko        
,ye/]day        ,ts*or                  
,*oor                   ,?ief           
,dori                    ,doory         
,/r+        ,rajah                      
,rajah                   ,a "l          
,ranee                   ,rannee        
,pr9cess        ,raz                    
,raj                     ,pr9cipality   

,b&uk                  ,baundook        
,musket        ,jammad>                 
,jemmad>                ,an (fic]       
,g\r                    ,gor            
,grave        ,mul                      
,mool                    ,w9e           
,dur                     ,door          
,j>        ,jungu/ri                    
,angootee                ,r+            
,paka                    ,punk          
,w+        ,s*ut                        
,kuttah                  ,s\r        ,k]
                     ,g'hur             
,h\se        ,sapa                      
,savon                   ,soap          
,m5ghna                 ,maungna        
,to want        ,pi                     
,pee                     ,dr9k          
,met*ana                ,put*ana        
,to "k        ,me-dikaka                
,my-deckata              ,i saw         
,*abb5                 ,*abna           
,to eat        ,tob]                    
,tobula                  ,an axe        
,/>rie                 ,sit>a           

,/>        ,ra%ee                       
,ri%ee                  ,prie/          
,bocolee                 ,bookap        
,hungry        ,por                     
,poor                    ,full          
,geecoa                  ,jee-oo-ka     
,life1 liv+4      ,! =ego+ w suffice to 
give mu* insight into ! aff9ity spok5   
(2 especially :5 x is consid]$ t !      
gypsey words are *iefly  tak5 f         
,grellman's ,vocabul>y1 :]e9 we are to  
make consid]able  all[ances = ,g]man    
intonation1 especially reg>d+ ! v[el u1 
&  ! dip?ong oo1 z 9 dur1 & door2 & =   
dori1 & doory2  ! slight diff]5ces      
betwe5 :i*1 s f> z is connect$ )        
or?ography1 w\ld probably disappe> if ! 
words 7 spok5 by a  ,g]man gypsey1 & a  
nut1 respectively4 ,add to ?is1 t !     
natives  ( ,india use ! lett]s ,l1 & ,n1
 r promiscu\sly3 ?us1 !y say  ei!r leel1
 or neel1 7= blue72 ! capital ( ,oude is
 z (t5  call$ ,nuckl[1 z ,luckn[1 & ! ^w
 noon1 7salt17 is v  commonly pron\nc$  
loon2 z 9 ! gypsey language4    ,if x is

 consid]$ t ! =ego+ comp>ison did n take
 place at  a "t :5 ,colonel ,ri*>dson _h
 ! opportunity to exam9e closely  into !
 p>ticul>s1 by hav+ access to ,european 
gypsies1 ^:  famili> conv]sation1 :5    
expla9$1 might h furni%$ numb]less      
in/ances ( accordance1 :i*1 f 8 accurate
 k ( !  ,h9do/anee language1 might ev] h
 be5 su* z to enable him to  und]/& a   
gypsey colloquy2 we mu/ admit t /rong   
probabilities  exi/1 z to ! nuts & !    
gypsies be+ bran*es f ! same  /ock4     
,colonel ,ri*>dson obs]ves1 v prop]ly1  
#8,%\ld any real  ,h9do/anee s*ol>s ev] 
inve/igate ?is matt] on ! spot 9        
,europe1 _! evid5ce & obs]vations w     
probably settle ! matt]  effectually1 "o
 way or o!r1 = ev]4' ,he likewise       
rem>ks1 t  #8,grellman1 f a want ( k ( !
 ,h9do/anee1 lo/ _m  opportunities (    
produc+ ! prop] ^w1 9 comp>ison ) !     
gypsey "o'--& aga91 he =cibly rem>ks1 t 
#8,x is n !  accid5tal co9cid5ce ( a few
 words1 b ! :ole vocabul>y he           
7,grellman7 produces1 diff]s n s mu* f !

 common ,h9do/anee1 z  prov9cial        
dialects ( ! same c\ntry usually d f ea*
 o!r4'    ,t ca/1 or tribe1 ( nuts1 kn[n
 by ! "n ( bauzeegurs1  g5]ally affect  
to foll[ ! ,mahom$an fai?1 b ! purneah  
pe]ies1 or budeea tribe1 foll[ ei!r t1  
or ! doctr9es (  ,brahma1 j z may suit  
_! purposes1 or _! locality4 ,ei!r sect 
h s v few religi\s c]emonies1 z to r5d] 
x d\btful :e!r  !y pr(ess m ?an may s]ve
 to scre5 !m f ! imputation (  a!ism2 a 
*>ge :i* w\ld s9k !m ev5 l[] 9 !        
e/imation (  e inhabitant ( ,asia4 ,!y  
int] _! relations 9 a v slov5ly  mann]1 
& may (t5 be f\nd ly+ drunk ab\t !      
grave3 _!  m>riage =ms are extremely    
simple1 ! bride & bridegroom mutually   
m>k ea* o!r's faces ) r$ o*re1 aft] :i*1
 !y lock _!  little f+]s toge!r1 & av[  
_! union3 ! c]emony is usually  conclud$
 by a sacrifice to ! muddl$ deity1 9 :i*
 all be> _!  p>ts ) great eag]ness1 &   
devotion6    ,x is a rule among ! nuts  
nev] to g to law1 nor to submit _!      
diff]5ces to any arbitrators1 except (  

_! own pr(ession3 ow+ to  ! extreme     
jeal\sy ( ! m51 & ! frequ5t excesses (  
bo? sexes  9 ! use ( gaunjah1 & o!r     
intoxicat+ draughts1 su*  diff]5ces are 
by no means r>e1 & contribute p>tly to !
 support  ( _! rul]s1 :o receive a f\r? 
"p ( :atev] is e>n$1 or  p]haps begg$1  
borr[$1 or /ol51 by ! sev]al sets :i*   
ramble  ov] ! c\ntry1 accord+ to _! own 
fancies1 or z !y may be  ord]$4    ,su* 
regul> debau*]y1 add$ to ! viol5t       
ex]cise und]gone dur+  _! e>ly ye>s1    
r$uce ! p]iod ( life among ^! p to a  v 
%ort compass4 ,few live beyond ! age (  
=ty1 & by f> !  l>g] portion fail (     
atta9+ _! ?irtie? ye>2 ! wom5  g5]ally  
fall victims aft] hav+ borne f\r or five
 *ildr54    ,) respect to danc+1 :i* is 
a "p ( ! duties ( a female  nut1 mu*    
encomium _c be ju/ly be/[$3 _! /yle (   
p]=mance is vulg>1 & !y g5]ally /udy t  
k9d ( lewd  display1 :i* r5d]s _!       
p]=mances too indelicate to be          
describ$4 ,tumbl+ head-ov]-heels1 walk+ 
^u _! h&s1  ,ca!r9e-:eel1 c41 c42 all   

come )9 ! display af=d$ = a  trifl+     
gratuity6    ,! travell] w sometimes be 
visit$ by sets ( naut*-girls1 :o  ei!r  
reside 9 "s ( ! pr9cipal t[ns1 & make a 
po9t (  (f]+ _! s]vices t[>ds ! amusem5t
 ( g5tlem5 trav]s+  ! c\ntry2 or :o are 
it9]ants1 t pick up a livelihood by     
rambl+ ab\t1 *iefly among ! villages    
inhabit$ by ,mahom$ans1  ^: dispositions
 are m prompt ?an ^? ( ! ,h9dus to      
receive  gratification f voluptu\s      
exhibitions4 ,besides1 ! latt] are      
g5]ally m p5uri\s1 & are s rigidly ti$  
d[n1 bo? by t5et1  & by ! vigilance ( _!
 neighb\rs1 z to h b little scope  =    
indulg5ce 9 ^? s5sualities1 :i* !       
foll[]s ( !  ,prophet1 :o anxi\sly look 
=w>d to ! enjoym5t ( ! h\ris1  are less 
scrupul\s to conceal4    ,! great] "p ( 
! individuals compos+ ! taffah1 or set (
  female danc]s1 are ei!r atta*$ by     
family connections1 su* z  m>riage ) !  
oo/auds & surmaunjahs1 :o are !         
in/ructors  & musicians2 or !y are      
slaves obta9$ by pur*ase dur+ times (   

sc>city3 "s1 inde$1 are kidnapp$ :5 v   
"y1 on acc\nt (  _! promis+ features2 ^!
 r>ely are able to give any acc\nt (  _!
 p>5tage1 & d n always "k ! di/ricts 9  
:i* !y 7  born4    ,:atev] may be _!    
orig91 or _! connection1 ! danc]s1 :o   
are  likewise vocal p]=m]s1 are entirely
 subs]vi5t to "s p]son1  :e!r male or   
female1 :o is consid]$ ! proprietor ( ! 
set1  & on ^: application to any c\rt ( 
law1 or to any s\bah1 or  p]son 9 p[]1  
any run-away is imm$iately pursu$1 &    
re/or$ to  ! taffah2 :e!r ! obligation  
be p]emptory1 su* z 9 ! case  ( a       
baundy1 or actual slave2 or m]ely       
impli$1 z 9 ! case ( a  paulah1 or p]son
 pres]v$ f fam9e1 c41 & re>$ 9 !        
capacity ( a m5ial4    ,! ,mahom$an law 
b>ely recognizes actual slav]y1 b makes 
a great  di/9ction 9 favor ( ^? :o      
pur*ase1 or ?us adopt1 *ildr5 t  w\ld   
o!rwise1 9 all probability1 p]i% f want4
 ,! latt] are  consid]$ to be ! prop]ty 
( ! patron1 until arriv$ at _! full     
gr[?1 :i* is und]/ood to be ab\t ! age (

 eighte52 b ?is  af=ds easy evitation to
 su* proprietors ( taffahs z feel an    
int]e/ 9 ! det5tion ( any p>ticul> girls
 "u _! au?ority4    ,to say ! tru?1 v   
little cause ( compla9t seems to exi/ on
 su*  occasions3 ! girls are usually    
well cloa!d1 & well f$2 !y are  r>ely   
limitt$ 9 reg>d to p>am\rs1 &1 on !     
:ole1 exp]i5ce z  mu* com=t z _! habits1
 & ^? envi\s traits ev] to be se5  among
 p]sons ( ! same pr(ession1 admit4 ,:]e 
^! taffahs are  f\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( our  
camps1 & /ations1 :e!r civil or         
milit>y1 x is common to see ! danc]s    
atta* !mselves to "s  p>ticul> ,european
 g5tlem51 ( ^: fri5d%ip !y make mu*     
boa/3  ! pr(its ( su* a speculation _c  
be :olly res]v$ by any "o  ( ! p>ty2 !y 
are suppos$ to be surr5d]$1 )\t         
dim9ution1  to ! proprietor1 = ! g5]al  
b5efit ( ! set4    ,t full surr5d] is n1
 h[ev]1 always made2 on ! contr>y1 "s   
contrive to r$eem !mselves f ?is species
 ( demi-slav]y1 by  means ( sums        
accumulat$ 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s1 & conceal$1

 )  extreme solicitude1 f ! scrut9iz+   
eye ( ! proprietor4 ,:5  su* a r$emption
 takes place1 x is nev] done ov]tly1 b  
by !  pret5d$ int]f]5ce ( "s g5tleman1  
or opul5t native1 :o1 ei!r  f love1 or  
*>ity1 feels dispos$ to pay ! ransom3 7 
!  possession ( ! prop]ty to be         
ackn[l$g$ by ! anxi\s female1 x  w\ld   
in/antly be seiz$ z a droit1 & %e w\ld  
probably und]go  t sev]e/ ( ,h9do/anee  
puni%m5ts1 ! loss ( all h] kase1 or     
hair6    ,x is n uncommon = p]sons      
pur*as+ slaves1 or re>+ des]t$  *ildr51 
to affix ! badge ( slav]y imm$iately1 & 
to cause x to  be worn by ! un=tunate   
be+1 ?us devot$ to tyrannical au?ority  
dur+ life4 ,?is type ( dep5dance consi/s
 simply ( an iron r+1  simil> to ^? on  
light fett]s1 :i* is worn on ei!r ( !   
ankles1 g5]ally on ! left3 !re x is     
rivett$ 9 ! usual mann]1  ) ! int5tion (
 be+ always se54 ,to remove ! r+1 is    
consid]$ highly crim9al on ! "p ( all   
conc]n$1 & %\ld !  slave be !reby enabl$
 to abscond1 w\ld subject ! abettors to 

paym5t ( 8 or h] value4    ,9 e "p (    
,india ! pr(ession ( a pro/itute is     
devoid ( t  /igma annex$ to x 9 ,europe3
 p]sons foll[+ x are protect$ by  law 9 
c]ta9 privileges1 & _! p]sons are f> f  
be+ held 9  abom9ation1 su* z we %\ld   
suppose mu/ be g5]at$ t[>ds s  impure a 
"* among ! morali/s ( ! ,ea/4 ,?is is   
entirely  ow+ to ! pr(ession be+        
h]$it>y1 ! same z o!r sects1 &  n       
promiscu\s1 or aris+ f vici\s           
prop5sities1 z we see daily  ! case     
among u4    ,x is true ! t]m kusbee is  
us$ z a reproa*2 b t seems  r to ref] to
 su* z1 l our wantons1 deg5]ate 9       
consequ5ce  ( _! libid9\s dispositions1 
& are n atta*$ to ! two great           
divisions1 ! me]asse5s1 & ! putt>eahs1  
bo? ( :i* h  claims on ! b\nty ( pr9ces1
 & to exemptions f c]ta9 taxes2  ?\gh1  
to make up = su* indulg5ces1 ! cutwals1 
& o!r native  (fic]s1 "u ^: au?ority !y 
may reside1 n only dem& _!  att5dance1  
:e!r to s+1 dance1 or :at n1 gratis1 b  
impose ^u  !m heavy assessm5ts1 9       

proportion to _! repute & prosp]ity4    
,) ! view to prev5t ! encrease ( a c]ta9
 disord]1 :i*  proce$s ) rapid /rides 9 
t hot climate1 x is cu/om>y to  appo9t a
 committee e mon?1 at ea* great /ation1 
= !  inspection ( su* dulc9eas z may be 
resid5t )9 ! b\nds ( !  cantonm5ts3 su* 
z appe> to be diseas$1 are in/antly     
conf9$ to a  small hospital1 appropriat$
 to _! reception3 a salut>y measure1    
:i* d\btless prev5ts mu* mis*ief1 & is  
sup]ior to our ,lock  ,in/itution1 :i*  
only (f]s1 b does n co]ce to1 a prop]   
c\rse  ( m$ic9e4    ,su* wom5 z1 be+    
m>ri$1 or liv+ "u ! protection ( any    
p]son1 are f\nd to indulge 9 v>iety1 are
 designat$ *9auls1 &  are held 9 f>     
great] disrepute ?an ! pr(ess$ kusbee1  
or common  pro/itute4 ,z pr$e/9>ians    
con/antly contradict1 by _! evasions  ( 
dang]1 ! ma9 pr9ciple ( _! cre$1 s d !  
good folks (  ,h9do/an deviate widely f 
_! sy/em ( e?ics on ?is head2 =1  al?\gh
 adult]y1 "u any circum/ances :atev]1 is
 held up z a  mortal s91 to be aton$ =  

by dea? only2 nev]!less1 we f9d !  males
 ( all ages p>ticul>ly b5t on t k9d (   
gallantry :i*  comes )9 ! lett] ( ! law1
 & g5]ally produces ! contact  ( two    
p]sons ^: ca/s are !reby respectively   
pollut$4 ,9 a  =m] "p1 ,i expla9$ m     
fully ! deceptions practis$ by native   
wom5 reta9$ by ,european g5tlem52 x     
rema9s = me to add1 t  su* is ! _s (    
intrigue preval5t among ! p at l>ge1 t  
we may at lea/ conclude ! ladies 9 t    
qu>t] to keep pace )  ! mo/ enlight5$ ( 
our own population6    ,:5 a native1    
especially a ,h9du1 ( high ca/1 suspects
 t 8  wife is guilty ( infidelity1 he   
g5]ally proce$s to repudiate h] 9  ! mo/
 public mann]2 b x (t5 happ5s t he is   
sav$ t  tr\ble1 ei!r by ! int]v5tion (  
h] fa!r1 bro!r1 c41 :o1  "u pret5ce (   
conduct+ h] home1 leads ! (f5d] to "s   
lone  spot1 :]e1 ) 8 tulw>1 he sev]s h] 
head f h] body1 &  delib]ately leaves   
bo? to be dev\r$ by jackals1 c4 ,?is    
(fice is  likewise occasionally p]=m$ by
 ! husb& himself2 :o mu/1  h[ev]1 be    

c>eful n to betray 8 int5tion1 le/ a    
p[]ful dose1  mix$ among 8 takorry1     
7vegetable curry17 %\ld prev5t !        
completion ( 8 design1 or1 possibly1    
cause him to fall a sacrifice to  !     
lov]'s res5tm5t4    ,a v curi\s in/ance 
( ?is occurr$ 9 #aghi1 :]e9 a sepoy1 (  
my  own company1 0 pr9cipally conc]n$4  
,he _h long be5 9 ! good  graces ( a    
woman :o 0 m>ri$ to a sona>1 7goldsmi?17
 !n  abs5t 9 ano!r "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,!    
lady's fa!r1 :o _h no  o!r *ild1 on     
le>n+ ! p>ticul>s ( ! intrigue f "o ( h]
  s]vants1 remon/rat$1 b 9 va94 ,he !n  
det]m9$ to sacrifice  h]1 & ord]$ t %e  
%\ld quit h] own home1 = ! purpose (    
be+ conduct$ to 8 h\se1 :i* 0 9 a       
village "s miles di/ant4    ,suspect+ 8 
int5tion1 ! adultress communicat$ !     
circum/ance to  h] lov]1 :o advis$ h] to
 foll[ h] fa!r1 & promis$ to prev5t  8  
do+ h] any injury4 ,accord+ly1 %e all[$ 
h] p>5t to prec$e  h]1 z usual1 7= no   
woman ev] walks be=e a man1 especially  
if x  be h] husb&1 or any relative17    

until !y arriv$ at a small jungle1  :51 
z he 0 ab\t to draw 8 tulw> to sauf-kur 
7lit]ally1 #8to  make clean1' b1 9 !    
accept$ s5se1 to kill1 or de/roy17 h]1 !
  lov] d>t$ =?1 &1 at "o bl[1 took (f 8 
head4    ,! lady & h] lov] 7 bo?        
appreh5d$1 & tri$ be=e !  zem9d>y c\rt  
at ,b5>es1 )9 ^: jurisdiction ! crime 0 
p]petrat$3 aga9/ ! woman no?+ c\ld be   
urg$1 %e 0 !re=e  acquitt$2 ! man 0     
convict$1 & condemn$2 b ! woman1 be+    
next ( k9 to ! deceas$1 & hav+ ! "r1    
accord+ to ! law1  ( p>don+ 8 murd]]1   
in/antly gave him h] absolution 9 op5   
c\rt1 &1 to ! great surprize &          
mortification ( ! :ole c\rt1  return$   
homew>ds ) h] p>am\r1 to p]sev]e 9 !    
adult]\s  int]c\rse4    ,x 0 9 va9 t    
,m>quis ,cornwallis1 on receipt ( !     
intellig5ce1  us$ e endeavor to obta9 a 
revision ( ! proce$+s3 ! ,c\rt  7       
inflexible1 & ! p>ties c\ld n1 legally1 
be appreh5d$4 ,8  ,lord%ip 01 !re=e1    
left )\t t r$ress he ?\ght due to !     
public1 & c\ld only cause ! sepoy to be 

dismiss$ f !  ,company's s]vice1 & to be
 bani%$ f ! ,company's dom9ions4    ,:]e
 ! law gives s absurd a p[]1 x might be 
expect$ t sc>ce  a husb& w\ld be safe2 b
 t is n ! case2 = !y1 9 g5]al1  act v   
decid$ly1 :5ev] !y are made acqua9t$ ) !
 exi/5ce  ( (f5ces aga9/ conjugal       
propriety4 ,! caution us$ 9 conduct+  an
 am\r is n always v great1 b !re is1 9  
fact1 only "o  difficulty to be ov]come1
 viz4 ! obta9+ admission to ! int]ior   
:ile ! husb& is abs5t3 t be+ effect$1   
detection is n v  easy1 because1 !      
immur$ /ate 9 :i* wom5 are kept1 (f]s ! 
be/ scre5 aga9/ ! curiosity ( pry+      
neighb\rs4    ,:at ) ! d>k color ( ! mud
 walls1 ! sombre complexion ( !  p      
!mselves1 & ! %ade commonly ca/ by heavy
 foliages1  /&+ 9 ! vic9ity ( villages 9
 g5]al1 z well z by !  ov]-hang+ ?at*es1
 c41 x is n v easy1 ev5 = a neighb\r1   
to asc]ta91 aft] night-fall1 :e!r a     
p]son1 hav+ a clo? on !  head1 ent]+ !  
sacr$ enclosure1 be male or female4     
,ab\t ! ye> #aghf1 a laughable /ory 0   

curr5t1 reg>d+ a "y  (fic] :o _h a v    
pretty ,h9doo girl 9 keep+1 b :o1 be+ ( 
a v salaci\s disposition1 always        
endeavor$ to prevail ) su*  "y wom5 z   
came to v5d fruits1 or to sell *oories1 
c41 to be  8 inmate4 ,"o ( ^! daily     
visitors held out aga9/ e  temptation1  
:i* s r\s$ ! y\?'s passions1 t he       
resolv$ to  obta9 t by =ce :i* money    
c\ld n pur*ase4 ,! /ruggle made a       
t]rible discov]y2 ! suppos$ damsel prov+
 to be a "y ,portugueze  drumm]666    ,!
 ord9>y mode ( conveyance adopt$ by !   
g5]ality (  naut*-taffahs1 is ! common  
hack]y1 call$ a g'horry1 :i* has  two   
:eels1 ) a squ>e body1 z has be5 already
 describ$2 9 "o (  ^!1 f\r or five cr[d 
toge!r1 sitt+ almo/ back to back1 &     
all[+ _! legs to hang d[n on e side4 ,! 
g5]ality are (  v dec5t behavior1 b1 :5 
!y get a little majoom 7a sweatmeat     
prep>$ ) b'haug7 into _! noddles1 x is n
 uncommon to see  !m proce$ 9 high /yle1
 s++ away 9 full *orus1 &1              
occasionally1 exhibit+ specim5s ( _!    

pr(ession1 by attitudes  correspond+ ) !
 words ( songs purely ,cyprian6    ,!   
baggage1 if any1 is commonly c>ri$ on "s
 hir$ bullock1 or 9 a  hack]y2 "s sets  
are1 h[ev]1 s opul5t1 z to be able to   
keep  "o or two camels1 & to pur*ase a  
tol]ably good ,h9do/anee t5t1  t is1 )\t
 walls1 & support$ by two bamboo poles1 
ea* ab\t  eight or n9e feet long4    ,! 
baggage ( ,europeans is1 ord9>ily c>ri$ 
on elephants1 camels1  bullocks1        
hack]ies1 or coolies3 ( late ye>s1 a    
great improvem5t  has be5 made1 by tak+ 
(f ! body ( a gig1 ) its %afts1 &       
sub/itut+ a frame1 made on su* a plan z 
may s]ve to conta9  sev]al trunks &     
liquor *e/s bel[1 :ile a cot1 ) all !   
necess>y b$d+1 hav+ ov] !m a pa9t$      
canvas canopy1 cov]s !  :ole1 & keeps e 
"p compact & dry4 ,su* a conveyance1 ) a
  tol]ably /\t horse1 is f\nd to get on 
f> m exp$iti\sly ?an  any ( ! o!rs4     
,) respect to elephants1 x may be said1 
t !y are ei!r !  be/1 or ! wor/1        
c>riage3 9 ! l[ c\ntries1 :]e ! soil is 

(t5 s(t = ! great] "p ( ! ye>1 !        
elephant is c]ta9ly a  mo/ useful       
animal2 8 feet be+ broad1 & 8 p[] s     
great z to  enable 8 act+ ) decision &  
en]gy at ! mom5t ( difficulty1  qualify 
him1 almo/ exclusively1 = !             
transportation ( t5ts1 &  heavy baggage1
 9 su* p>ts ( ! c\ntry z rema9 heavy or 
swampy  dur+ ! m settl$ "p ( ! ye>4     
,?\gh we may suppose1 t1 previ\s to !   
pla9s ( ,b5gal be+  cultivat$1 !y 7     
ov]-ran ) elephants1 ! same z o!r p>ts  
( ,india1 ( :i* t animal is a native1   
/ill x %\ld seem1 t  _! pr9cipal haunts 
mu/ h be5 along t hilly wild]ness 9  :i*
 !y are n[ f\nd 9 a greg>i\s /ate4 ,x is
 well kn[n t  ! elephant ?rives be/ ne> 
! sea1 t 9 its vic9ity he atta9s  8     
greate/ bulk1 & is exempt f v>i\s       
diseases1 especially !  op?almia & !    
dropsy1 bo? ( :i* attack at lea/ f\r 9  
five (  su* z are remov$ to dry soils4  
,?is circum/ance1 z well z !  peculi>   
=mation & sub/ance ( ! foot1 appe> to   
r5d] !  elephant peculi>ly appropriate  

to ! use ( su* p]sons z h  occasion =   
c>riage-cattle 7i4e4 cattle t be>       
bur!ns7 9 !  l[] prov9ces4    ,endu$ )  
wond]ful sagacity1 ! elephant w only    
proce$ on soils  :i* be> him up to a    
c]ta9 ext5t3 s soon z he feels a peculi>
  vibration1 t indicates a want (       
firmness bel[1 he in/antly  decl9es     
fur!r progress1 &1 turn+ r\nd1 or rec$+1
 ) m  activity ?an 8 clumsy =m may      
indicate1 ha/5s to quit !  appreh5d$    
dang]2 &1 )\t reg>d to ?+s or p]sons1   
makes !  be/ ( 8 way to t]ra firma4     
,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ?is maje/ic animal   
gets bogg$1 &1  not)/&+ 8 imm5se /r5g?1 
becomes completely incapable (          
self-extrication4 ,on su* an occasion1  
no?+ m is necess>y ?an to  supply him ) 
abundance ( /raw1 or cut grass1 ti$ 9   
bundles2 ^!  he =ces d[n ) 8 proboscis1 
till !y are "u 8 feet  respectively2 &1 
by _! accumulat$ resi/ance1 af=d ! means
 (  gradually be>+ up1 & ( rais+ him to 
! surface4 ,8 egress is  ensur$ by an   
ample /ock ( ! same mat]ials1 toge!r )  

faggots1  c41 ?r[n be=e him1 9 numb]    
suffici5t to =m a k9d ( pa?-way1  along 
:i* ! elephant moves ) wondr\s caution3 
on su* an  occasion1 he %\ld1 l a mule  
on a m\nta91 be left to himself1 z  he w
 manage ) p]fect prud5ce2 :]eas1 if     
actuat$ by a  moh\t1 7or driv]17 he     
might be aga9 plung$ into difficulty4   
,! /ature ( elephants1 9 g5]al1 may be  
rat$ betwe5 sev5 &  n9e feet3 ! =m] is !
 /&>d at :i* !y are admitt$ ^u  !       
,company's e/abli%m5t1 at ! value ( five
 hundr$ sicca rupees  ea* 7#fe74        
,provid$ ! animals be /\t1 & compet5t to
 c>ry a  prop] bur!n1 su* blemi%es z    
w\ld depreciate !m consid]ably  among ! 
natives1 :o ent]ta9 _m prejudices 9 ?is 
p>ticul>1 are  n consid]$4    ,!        
pr9cipal defects1 9 ! eye ( a native    
m]*ant1 are1    #a4 ,a brok5 tail2 or a 
defici5cy ( ! =k$ hair at its t]m9ation4
  ,! =m] arises f ! habit ! elephants   
are 91 ( lay+ hold (  _! oppon5t's tails
 ) _! trunks1 & ( twi/+ !m s1 t1        
occasionally1 !y are absolutely snapp$1 

or1 p]haps1 tumefy1 &1 9  ! end1        
sphacelate4    #b;d4 ,an unev5 numb] (  
claws to ! feet3 !re %\ld be five on ea*
  =e1 & f\r on ea* h9d foot4    #c;d4   
,bad tusks2 t is1 su* z are decay$1 or1 
hav+ be5 brok5 9  conte/s1 _c be r5d]$  
ornam5tal3 an elephant born ) only "o   
too?1 or tusk1 is highly priz$1 z be+   
sure to ov]:elm its own]  ) good =tune4 
#d?4 ,hav+ a black1 or spott$ palate2   
ei!r ( :i* is suppos$ to  be an         
indication ( bad heal?1 z well z (      
mis=tune4    #e?4 ,bad eyes2 ?\gh       
sometimes we see v s]viceable elephants 
totally depriv$ ( sight1 :i* travel     
admirably ) bur!ns1 b are  unfit = !    
h[dah2 ^! are extremely c>eful to put _!
 trunks  =w>d z !y proce$1 :]eby !y are 
w>n$ ( any holl[s1 c4  ,bl9d elephants  
are peculi>ly att5tive to ! words (     
comm& giv5  by _! driv]s4    #f?4 ,!    
want ( hair on ! =ehead1 lean jaws1     
small jagg$ e>s1  n>r[ feet1 ?9 legs1   
%ort bodies1 & a contract$ b>rel1 or    
c>case1 are all objectionable1 & become 

s]i\s objects ( att5tion  9 ! pur*ase ( 
?is animal4 ,an ,european1 n accu/om$ to
 view  elephants critically1 w\ld       
conclude t little v>iety1 9 ! above     
respects1 w\ld be f\nd2 b !re are       
c]ta9ly z _m e/imable1 or  agreeable1   
po9ts 9 a f9e elephant1 z 9 a f9e horse2
 ?\gh we  r>ely look s n>r[ly into !    
p]fections ( ! =m]1 on acc\nt  ( be+    
less 9 ! habits ( *]i%+1 or ( driv+1 !m 
9  p]son4    ,accord+ to ! regulations1 
an elephant ought to be able to c>ry    
tw5ty-five maunds1 :i* is )9 a          
tw5ty-six? "p ( be+ a ton2  b1 al?\gh ! 
sev]al contractors /ipulate1 )\t        
hesitation1  t _! elephants %\ld be able
 to c>ry t weight at all times1  n "o 9 
a hundr$ ( ^? 9 ! s]vice1 or 9 !        
possession (  individuals1 c\ld be> x   
ev5 = "o day's ord9>y m>*1 :i*  %\ld n  
exce$ eight coss1 7sixte5 miles17 all   
beyond t be+  consid]$ a =c$ m>*4    ,! 
elephant is furni%$ ) two pads1 ( :i* ! 
"u "o1 call$  a guddaylah1 is commonly  
made ( r$ k>wah1 /uff$ to !  ?ickness ( 

an in* & a half ) cotton1 & well quilt$4
 ,! upp]  pad1 call$ a guddy1 is made ( 
tawt1 :i* is a n>r[ k9d ( v  co>se      
canvas1 & is /uff$ v h>d ) /raw to ab\t 
!  ?ickness ( six in*es4 ,^! are put on1
 ! "o ov] ! o!r1 &  firmly secur$ to !  
body by means ( /\t ropes pass+ r\nd !  
:ole1 z well z "u ! tail1 by way (      
crupp]4    ,su* a ?ickness may appe> too
 great2 b x is to be consid]$ t  an     
elephant ought1 by ! contract1 to c>ry  
ei!r f\r common  m>quees1 ea* weigh+1 :5
 dry1 #dbelb41 &1 :5 wet1 #eiglb42 or   
six  private t5ts1 ea* weigh+1 :5 dry1  
#bgelb41 &1 :5 wet1 #dbflb4  ,!re=e1 :5 
,i take ! m$ium at tw5ty-five maunds1 x 
is b  /rik+ a fair balance4    ,an      
ord9>y elephant requires two s]vants2   
namely1 a moh\t1 or  driv]1 :o sits ^u 8
 back1 & guides1 by means ( a crook$    
in/rum5t ( iron1 call$ a haunkus1 aid$  
by words ( comm&1 &  ! application ( 8  
toes beh9d ! animal's e>s4 ,! o!r       
s]vant1  call$ a cooly1 or grass-cutt]1 
p]=ms all ! m m5ial (fices1  su* z tak+ 

! elephant out = *>rah1 i4e4 fodd]1 (   
:i*  x c c>ry z mu* z w suffice = two1  
or1 if well lad51 =  ?ree days4    ,!   
feet ( an elephant require consid]able  
c>e2 !y be+ extremely  apt to *afe1 &   
we> away1 at ! soles1 s z to r5d] him   
completely uns]viceable = a "t4 ,?is    
g5]ally happ5s :]e !  soil is dry & h>%1
 z ?r\gh\t ! upp] c\ntry1 b may be1 9 a 
great measure1 prev5t$ by pay+ !m )     
a/r+5t applications1  s t ! sk9 may be  
r5d]$ h>d]1 & ! foot1 9 g5]al1  some:at 
call\s4    ,:5 an elephant is *af$ on ! 
back1 ! "p is usually rubb$ )  ghee &   
turm]ic1 & ! pad cu%ion$ s z to raise ! 
spot "u  :i* ! excoriation may be3 if   
suff]$ to cont9ue 9 a /ate (            
irritation1 ! smalle/ sore w spe$ily    
assume a mo/ =midable  appe>ance1 ow+ to
 ! peculi>ly cellul> =mation ( an       
elephant's  fle%4    ,! mode ( cat*+    
elephants = ! public s]vice is v simple1
  requir+ m p]sev]ance ?an skill1 yet   
att5d$ ) a heavy  exp5ce4 ,9 ^?         
wild]nesses ne> ,*ittagong1 ,tipp]ah1   

c41 along !  ea/]n b\nd>y1 "s hundr$s1  
or p]haps ?\s&s1 ( villag]s are         
assembl$1 :o =m a circle ar\nd ^? h]ds  
!y may f9d1 &  gradually fright5 !m into
 a k9d ( trap1 call$ a k$dah1 ( :i*  !  
entrance is ( a cresc5t =m1 lead+ to a  
l>ge area1 prop]ly  enclos$ by an imm5se
 tr5*1 & by l>ge piles well b\nd toge!r4
  ,aft] a :ile1 ! animals are driv51 or 
induc$1 into a small] area1  f :i* !y   
are tak5 into a n>r[ passage1 = !       
purpose (  be+ secur$1 & l$ away to !   
/&s1 at :i* !y rema9 until  completely  
tam$4    ,x 0 =m]ly ! practice to break 
_! _s by privations &  sev]ity2 b1 (    
late ye>s1 x has be5 f\nd pref]able to  
soo? z  mu* z possible2 a *ange :i* has 
be5 att5d$ ) ! mo/ happy  results4 ,s f>
 has ?is plan succe$$1 t _m elephants   
are n[  bett] reconcil$ 9 "o mon? ?an !y
 =m]ly 7 9 f\r or five2  :ile1 at ! same
 "t1 _m inconv5i5ces1 especially ^?     
sev]e  ligatures1 :i* inv>iably made    
desp]ate sores ab\t ! ankles1 c41  are  
almo/ :olly avoid$4    ,! practice (    

decoy+ ! l>ge s+le males1 :i* sep>ate f 
!  h]ds1 & are call$ sauns1 or goondahs1
 is extremely curi\s3 two  or ?ree      
females are g5]ally s5t out = ! purpose 
( inveigl+  ! f]oci\s males ?us rang+   
ab\t4 ,su* female elephants1 :i* are    
call$ k'hoomkies1 are highly valuable1  
especially if !y be l>ge1  & atta*$ to  
_! moh\ts1 :om !y w protect to ! la/    
mom5t1 if accid5tally discov]$ by _!    
int5d$ prize :ile pass+  ! ropes ar\nd 8
 legs4 ,= a p>ticul> acc\nt ( ?is1 :i* c
  sc>cely be r5d]$ di/9ct b by ! aid (  
plates1 ,i ref] my  read]s to #8,,!     
,,wild ,,sports ,,( ,,! ,,ea/1' publi%$ 
f my designs &  memoirs by ,mr4 ,edw>d  
,orme1 ( ,bond ,/reet1 & ,messrs4       
,black1 ,p>ry1  & ,k+sbury1 ( ,lead5hall
 ,/reet4    ,contr>y to ! op9ion =m]ly  
curr5t1 x has be5 asc]ta9$ t  elephants 
copulate 9 ! same mann] z o!r quadrup$s4
 ,?is has be5  c]tifi$ by ,mr4 ,john    
,corse1 ! resid5t ,surgeon at ,tipp]ah1 
:o  e/abli%$ a bre$ ( elephants at t    
place2 :]eby mu* insight has  be5 obta9$

 reg>d+ ! natural hi/ory ( ?is noble    
animal4 ,:5  ,mr4 ,corse transmitt$ t   
acc\nt :i* may be se5 9 ! ?ird volume  (
 ! ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 he _h n !        
opportunity ( asc]ta9+  ! p]iod (       
ge/ation1 :i* has s9ce be5 f\nd to give 
an av]age  ( ab\t tw5ty-two mon?s4    ,t
 less "t c\ld n be requir$1 0 evid5t f !
 incipi5t  portion ( t g5tleman's       
rese>*es2 z a female elephant1 tak5 9   
,janu>y1 #aghh1 did n produce h] calf1  
:i* 0 ?irty-five in*es  high at 8 bir?1 
& grew f\r in*es 9 z _m mon?s1 until !  
#af? ( ,octob]1 #aghi4    ,elephants are
 inv>iably measur$ at ! %\ld]1 & n on ! 
ar*  ( ! back1 ! want ( :i* is to be    
consid]$ z indicative ( age4            
,elephants are to be f\nd along ! :ole  
ext5t ( fronti]1 rang+  f ! ,*ittagong  
di/rict1 to ! v bord]s ( ,?ibet4 ,!y    
become  m sc>ce1 & are1 besides1 less   
robu/1 & ( small] /ature1 9  proportion 
z !y rec$e f ! sea coa/s4 ,^? s5t ye>ly1
 by way  ( complim5t1 or ( tribute1 f ! 
,rajah ( ,napaul1 are by no means  to be

 comp>$ ) ! coomaeeahs1 & mooknahs (    
,tipp]ah1 &  ,*ittagong1 ^: =m & bulk   
c]ta9ly entitle !m to sup]ior           
e/imation4 ,"s ( ^! are1 occasionally1  
sold = imm5se sums to  ! native pr9ces 9
 ! upp] p>ts ( ,h9do/an4 ,two ?\s&      
rupees  are held to be b a l[ price = a 
male ( n9e feet 9 height1  provid$ 8    
tee? are l>ge1 ev51 & ( regul> curves3  
sometimes  elephants1 ( extraord9>y     
bulk1 & ( rem>kably f9e po9ts1 h  rea*$ 
to eight or t5 ?\s& rupees4    ,! exp5ce
 ( keep+ an elephant w v>y accord+ to ! 
situation1  & to ! g5]al s]vices :]e9 x 
is employ$3 9 ! ,dacca  di/rict b little
 exp5ce is incurr$1 unless h>d lab\r is 
to be  p]=m$1 !re be+ abundance ( d'hul1
 7grass17 & ( foliage1 (  :i* ! animal c
 always obta9 an ample supply gratis4   
,!re1 a  moh\t r>ely receives m ?an ?ree
 rupees mon?ly1 & a  grass-cutt] m ?an  
two4 ,i h %ewn1 9 describ+ ! s]vants    
necess>y to be reta9$ 9 a g5tleman's    
suite1 t ! wages ( ^!  m5ials are       
g5]ally mu* high]2 :i*1 :5 add$ to !    

av]age  *>ges = food1 *iefly badjra1 or 
millet /ems1 :i* mu/ be paid  =1 & rice1
 or b>ley1 p]haps to ! ext5t ( #cjlb4   
daily1 w  cause ! exp5ce ( ma9ta9+ an   
elephant 9 ! upp] prov9ces1 to  am\nt to
 full ?irty1 or ?irty-five1 rupees p]   
m5sem2 & t1 too1  exclusive ( ! we> &   
te> ( ge> ( all k9ds4 ,on ! :ole1 we    
may compute t an elephant1 well kept1 w 
co/ full =ty rupees  7#e47 mon?ly4 ,:5  
we consid] t1 9 ,engl&1 few g5tlem5 keep
  _! horses = mu* less1 & t an elephant 
p]=ms s mu*  ess5tial drudg]y1 inde$1   
equal to a team ( ?ree /\t c>t horses1  
also t ! value ( money 9 ,india is n    
half s great z ) u1  we may deem ! above
 aggregate to be v mod]ate3 ! mis=tune  
is1  t an elephant is n1 l a horse1     
promptly or g5]ally useful2 &  t1 ow+ to
 ! nature ( ! climate1 z well z ( !     
soil1 mon?s  (t5 elapse be=e !          
proprietor ( ! =m] may be able to avail 
himself ( ! valuable p[]s ( 8 sable     
prop]ty4    ,camels are v g5]ally kept  
by ! (fic]s ( ! army ?r\gh\t  ! upp]    

prov9ces1 t is to say1 above ! ,delta ( 
! ,ganges1  :]e ! soil is m appropriate 
to _! =m1 ?an ^? muddy1  slipp]y1       
tracts1 9 :i* ^! animals are extremely  
subject to fall4  ,:5 su* an accid5t    
happ5s1 x is a great *ance b ! animal is
  r5d]$ useless2 z1 ow+ to ! great l5g? 
( ! h9d legs1 & to  ! want ( any        
membranes1 or muscles1 calculat$ to     
prev5t _! easy  div]g5ce 9 diametrically
 opposite directions1 ! pelvis is       
extremely  apt to split1 & ! p[] (      
extrication1 or ev5 ( support itself1   
is entirely lo/ to ?is v valuable       
quadrup$4    ,?\gh we g5]ally atta* !   
t]m #8camel' to t species ( !  camelus  
f\nd 9 ,india1 :]e great numb]s are br$ 
by p]sons :o  make a v l>ge pr(it f _!  
labors1 ! animal "u  consid]ation1 hav+ 
b "o hump1 or bun*1 on its back1 %\ld1  
prop]ly1 be call$ a #8drom$>y4' ,:atev] 
may be ! true  designation1 ! utility ( 
! animal 9 a climate1 & on a soil1 to   
:i* x is s admirably suit$ by nature1 is
 indisputable2 b1 )  reg>d to its p[]s1 

z describ$ by naturali/s1 or by         
travell]s1 ,i  mu/ beg leave to ent] a  
p>tial diss5t4    ,i h n[ be=e me a v   
respectable publication1 :]e9 x is said1
  t #8a camel w c>ry a weight (         
#a1bjjlb41 & w p]=m a  j\rney ( ?ree    
hundr$ leagues 9 eight days4' ,n[1 my   
own exp]i5ce  conv9ces me v fully t few 
camels w c>ry m ?an eight  maunds1 :5   
mak+1 on an av]age1 /ages ( f f\rte51 to
 sixte51  or1 at ! v utmo/1 tw5ty miles 
)9 ! day1 = two mon?s2  all[+ a weekly  
halt4    ,s s5sible are ! ,gov]nm5t (   
,india ( ! inability ( a camel to  p]=m 
any ?+ l ! s]vice above describ$1 t1 9  
all _!  contracts1 9 :i* x mu/ h be5 se5
 !y take c>e s to  proportion ! bur!ns1 
t none b ! *oice/ ( cattle c\ld move  "u
 !m1 x is especially detail$ t su*      
camels z may be  admitt$ ^u ! ,company's
 e/abli%m5t ( c>riage-cattle1 %\ld be   
rat$ 9 ! proportion ( ?ree camels to "o 
elephant2 :i*1 9 o!r  words1 assigns to 
ea* a bur!n compos$ ( two private t5ts1 
!  weight ( ea*1 :5 dry1 be+ #bgelb41 &1

 :5 wet1 #dbflb42 includ+  poles1 p9s1  
mallets1 bags1 c4    ,tak+ ! m$ium z a  
/&>d1 i4e4 "o wet1 & "o dry t5t1 !      
av]age bur!n w\ld be only #gjalb41 :i* w
 be f\nd a great] load  ?an any camels1 
sett+ ap>t p]haps "o or two (           
extraord9>y  p[]s1 :i* h come )9 my     
obs]vation1 c\ld c>ry 9 a prop]  mann]1 
s z to answ] g5]al purposes1 :5 m>*+ ) a
 regim5t4    ,! value ( a camel v>ies   
accord+ to size1 =m1 age1 condition1 &  
disposition3 suppos+ all ^? po9ts to be 
m$iocrity1 f eighty1  to a hundr$ &     
tw5ty1 rupees may be tak5 z a /&>d2     
obs]v+1  t1 :]e no milit>y movem5t is 9 
"q1 ! prices are (t5  l[]1 & t1 9 cases 
( em]g5cy1 !y h be5 kn[n to rise  ev5 s 
high z to f\r1 five1 & six1 hundr$      
rupees3 b su*1  =tunately1 is v r>ely ! 
case4    ,mo/ g5tlem5 keep two or ?ree  
camels1 = ! purpose ( c>ry+  _! t5t1    
liquors1 & cot4 ,if on a mod]ate scale1 
two w g5]ally  prove compet5t to ! "w1 b
 if ! t5t be l>ge1 ! liquors &  l95     
abundant1 & ! cot ext5sive1 or on a     

heavy con/ruction1 a  ?ird camel w be   
necess>y4 ,9 fact1 ,i "k n ( worse      
policy1 ?an  t we too (t5 see adopt$1 ( 
bur!n+ an animal ) z mu* z  x c /& "u4  
,:5 ! mom5t ( difficulty comes1 z x     
r>ely  fails to d1 inf9ite vexation1 &  
an enorm\s encrease ( exp5ce1  inv>iably
 foll[4 ,h5ce1 x w be f\nd advisable1   
?\gh ! prim>y  exp5ce may be encreas$1 &
 ! subsequ5t mon?ly *>ges be a trifle   
great]1 always to reta9 ?ree1 9 pref]5ce
 to two camels2 unless !  int5d$ bur!ns 
be v compact1 & n subject to accumulate 
a great  addition ( weight 9 wet wea!r4 
,! diff]5ce %ewn to exi/ betwe5 t5ts1 :5
 wet1 & :5 dry1  accord+ to ! ,company's
 /&>d1 asc]ta9$ by actual exp]im5ts1    
%\ld prove a guide to all p]sons ab\t to
 proce$ on a m>*1 s to  proportion !    
loads impos$ on _! cattle z n to endang]
 _!  total failure4 ,x %\ld nev] be     
=gott51 t excoriations1 h[ev]  trivial 9
 ! fir/ in/ance1 spe$ily rankle into    
w\nds1 n simply  pa9ful1 b g5]ally tr5*+
 deeply on ! imm$iate p[]s1 z well  z on

 ! condition1 ( ^? useful dumb animals1 
:i* submit to !  la/ mom5t to ! w ( _!  
he$less employ]s4    ,camels1 z well z  
elephants1 lie d[n1 s z to br+ _! /oma*s
 to  ! gr\nd1 :ile receiv+ or dis*>g+ _!
 bur!ns4 ,at su*  mom5ts1 ! =m] are     
extremely irritable2 sn>l+1 & wat*+ !   
opportunity = bit+4 ,to say ! be/ ( ^!  
animals1 !y are nev]  to be tru/$1 _!   
dispositions be+1 = ! mo/ "p1 sangu9>y  
& trea*]\s1 al?\gh !y are n c>nivor\s1  
be+ f$ *iefly on  gram1 & *aff ( v>i\s  
k9ds3 a camel1 l ! bull-dog1 r>ely  lets
 g 8 hold4    ,! exp5ce ( ma9ta9+ a     
camel may be av]ag$ at ab\t f\r or five 
rupees mon?ly1 exclusive ( its portion (
 ! surwan's 7i4e4 !  driv]'s7 wages3 !  
l>ge crook saddle1 ) its jolah1 or      
canvas  trapp+s1 & its saleetah1 or     
canvas %eet made ( tawt1 = !  purpose ( 
lad+ t5ts1 & especially = br++ 9 *aff1  
may be  av]ag$1 = we> & te>1 at ab\t a  
rupee mon?ly4 ,f ?is x w  be se51 t if a
 surwan1 att5d+ ?ree camels1 %\ld       
receive six  rupees = pay1 & t ea* ( !  

camels %\ld co/ six m1 !  :ole exp5ce1  
am\nt+ to tw5ty-f\r rupees p] m5sem1    
w\ld fall  f> %ort ( t incurr$ by "o    
elephant4    ,! advantages att5dant ^u  
an elephant1 are1 t ! load is all  c>ri$
 compact & entire2 t he c travel 9      
swampy di/ricts1  :]e no o!r animal c\ld
 proce$ at all2 & t he is s]viceable  to
 ride ^u1 & to jo9 9 ! l9e to beat hogs1
 & o!r game1 out  ( heavy cov]s4 ,on !  
o!r h&1 a camel w travel on ^? dry      
soils :i* de/roy an elephant's feet1 )\t
 su/a9+ ! smalle/  injury2 he is m      
pati5t "u heat1 & ! abs5ce bo? ( fodd]  
& ( wat]2 8 prime co/ is consid]ably    
less2 8 ma9t5ance  *eap]2 &1 :]e a      
division ( c>riage becomes necess>y1 "o 
camel  may be s5t (f1 :ile ! o!rs are   
reta9$4 ,b camels r>ely ?rive  if expos$
 dur+ ! ra9s2 h5ce1 x is cu/om>y to     
build %$s =  _! reception dur+ t season3
 ?is1 h[ev]1 is done at a v  trifl+     
exp5ce1 & might1 d\btless1 be disp5s$ ) 
altoge!r1 at  lea/ 9 ! upp] prov9ces1 if
 "y animals 7 to be pur*as$ t  _h nev]  

be5 s dome/icat$4 ,few g5tlem5 reta9 _! 
camels :ile  s]v+ ne> ! ,presid5cy1 :]e 
fodd] is at a mo/ enorm\s price1  & :]e 
! mange commonly attacks )9 a few weeks 
aft] arrival4    ,! heavy1 awkw>d1 &    
app>5tly sl[1 gait ( ! camel1 g5]ally   
induces to a belief t its rate (        
travell+ is disadvantage\s1  inasmu* z x
 may d5ote inability to keep+ up ) !    
g5]ality (  elephants4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a
 great mi/ake1 = x is v common to  see !
 latt]1 :5 9 ! lea/ ov]-bur!n$1 or :5 ! 
wea!r is  hot1 or ! road s&y1 v late 9  
arriv+ at _! de/9ation2  :]eas1 ! camel1
 "u an appropriate load1 w move on at a 
regul>  pace1 g5]ally mak+ a di/ance (  
sev5 feet1 z ,i h repeat$ly  asc]ta9$1 f
 ! c5tre ( t spot :5ce x lifts a foot1  
to  :]e x aga9 sets x d[n3 few elephants
 d s mu*2 !y walk  quick]1 b _! /rides  
are r>ely s ext5sive4    ,! prop5sity ( 
a camel to /ale1 s soon z eas$ ( 8      
bur!n1  r5d]s x indisp5sably necess>y to
 drive him to a di/ance s soon z  ! t5t 
is (f 8 back2 o!rwise1 ! ur9\s /5*      

atta*$ to !  spot w\ld r5d] x v         
unpleasant1 or1 r1 insupportable4 ,!    
native *emi/s extract l>ge quantities ( 
ammonia f ^? /&s  :]e camels h be5 kept 
= _m weeks4    ,! greate/ inconv5i5ce   
atta*$ to a camel is 8 utt] inability to
  swim across a riv]1 su* z any o!r     
animal w\ld consid] no  imp$im5t4 ,x is 
true1 t1 occasionally1 camels may h be5 
se5 to  swim = a few y>ds1 b1 9 g5]al1  
!y turn ^u ! side1 &1  unless in/antly  
rescu$1 w\ld infallibly be dr[n$4       
,p]haps ?is  arises f ! g5]al r\ndness (
 _! bodies1 :i* are v easily  act$ ^u by
 ! sup]-incumb5t weight ( ! neck & head1
 t  become lev]s1 n suffici5tly oppos$  
by _! almo/ fle%less limbs4  ,"s camels 
ent] ) read9ess into f]ry-boats1 ev5 ( !
 rude/  con/ruction1 :ile o!rs require  
to be urg$ by ! display ( fire 9  _!    
re>1 or ev5 by ! actual caut]y6 ,:5 once
 on bo>d1 !y are  g5]ally quiet1 b d n  
seem to ent]ta9 su* a dread ( _!        
insulat$ situation z horses d4    ,9 ?is
 p>ticul>1 ! elephant has a mo/ decid$  

sup]iority3 he  ent]s ! wat] ) alacrity1
 &1 guid$ by ! moh\t1 :o  pres]ves 8    
seat on ! animal's neck1 until ! latt]  
may1 by way (  frolic1 desc5d to walk on
 ! bottom1 keep+1 at ! same "t1 !  end (
 8 proboscis above wat]1 makes 8 way to 
! opposite bank1  ?\gh p]haps a mile    
di/ant4 ,if !re be occasional %all[s1   
:]eon  he c refre% himself1 two or ?ree 
miles are pass$ ) equal  facility4    ,9
 _! wild /ate1 elephants cross v l>ge   
riv]s 9 h]ds2 !  "y ones swimm+ by !    
sides ( _! mo!rs1 :i*1 occasionally1    
support _! gigantic calves by means ( _!
 trunks1 ei!r pass$  "u ! body1 or      
slightly hook$ 9 ) ! "y "o's proboscis4 
,:5 dome/icat$1 elephants lose mu* ( _! 
natural en]gy 9 e  in/ance2 &1 9 lieu ( 
view+ a tig] )\t fe>1 gradually become  
s timid1 z to be dreadfully agitat$ at !
 sight1 or smell1 ev5 ( a  dead "o3     
h5ce1 9 tig]-hunt+1 ^? elephants :i* are
 m  rec5tly tak5 f ! k$dahs1 provid$ !y 
be suffici5tly tra9$  to be safe 9 o!r  
respects1 are usually be/ suit$ to !    

sport1 &  af=d _! rid]s a bett] *ance ( 
success4    ,^? :o _c af=d1 or :o       
consid] x unnecess>y1 to reta9  ei!r an 
elephant1 or camels1 usually pur*ase1 or
 hire1 bullocks1 :5  ab\t to m>* to any 
/ation n v remote4 ,"s1 inde$1 pref] !m 
altoge!r2 b1 aft] hav+ giv5 !m m ?an "o 
trial1 bo? f  necessity1 & f !          
p]suasions ( o!rs1 my m9d is made up to 
!  full conviction1 t1 al?\gh r>ely co/+
 m ?an sixte5 or  tw5ty rupees ea*1 7t  
is1 f =ty to fifty %ill+s17 !y are  !   
mo/ t>dy1 ! mo/ tr\blesome1 & ! mo/     
exp5sive1 ( all !  bea/s ( bur!n 9 "q6  
,kn[+1 f de>-b\ght exp]i5ce1 t a bullock
 :i* c c>ry  five maunds is a r>a avis (
 its k9d1 ,i 0 mu* surpriz$ to f9d1  9  
,mr4 ,colebrooke's little treatise on ! 
,husb&ry ( ,b5gal1 an  ass]tion1 t !    
enorm\s #8load ( #ejjlb4 ( cotton is    
g5]ally  c>ri$ f ,nagpore to ,mirzapore1
 a di/ance :i*1 by ! %orte/  r\te1      
exce$s f\r hundr$ miles1 9 j\rnies (    
eight or t5 miles  daily4' ,t "s        
rem>kably f9e cattle are br$ 9 !        

,nagpore  di/rict is well kn[n2 b ,i    
%\ld h greatly d\bt$1 "u any  o!r ?an ! 
highly respectable au?ority allud$ to1  
:e!r x w\ld  be possible to select1 9   
all ,b5gal1 a suffici5t numb] (         
bullocks1  br$ 9 ! c\ntry1 to c>ry on ! 
ext5sive trade betwe5 ,nagpore &        
,mirzapore1 "u ! circum/ance ( c>ry+    
#ejjlb4 z an ord9>y  load4    ,i h      
possess$ v f9e bullocks1 su* z c\ld n1  
g5]ally1 be  obta9$ = less ?an a hundr$ 
rupees ! pair1 & ,i h _h  occasion to   
rely on _! s]vices2 b f\nd1 t1 :5ev] !y 
7  lad5 beyond f\r maunds1 7#cbjlb417 !y
 became re/ive1 & requir$  _m extra h\rs
 to p]=m a m>* ( twelve or f\rte5 miles1
 ev5 on  excell5t roads1 & :5 9 f> bett]
 plight ?an mahajuny 7trad+7  bullocks  
are commonly se54    ,b let u ref] to ! 
regulations ( ! ,company respect+ cattle
 to  be admitt$ ^u _! e/abli%m5t2 we    
%all !re f9d1 t "o  ,mirzapore bullock  
ne>ly equals ?ree ( !m4 #8,! /&>d (     
cattle  to be reta9$ =1 or receiv$ into1
 ! s]vice1 is n to be less  ?an fifty   

in*es = ! draft-bullocks1 & =ty-eight   
in*es = !  c>riage-bullocks4 ,ea*       
c>riage-bullock %all be compet5t to c>ry
 a  bur!n ( "o hundr$ & eighty p\nds    
weight1 exclusive ( 8  pad4'    ,n[1 x  
is well kn[n ! ,company employ excell5t 
cattle1 & take c>e  to h ju/ice done !m2
 z1 inde$1 !y are fully entitl$ to      
expect1 :5 !y all[ no less ?an ?irty    
sicca rupees = ea*  bullock pur*as$ on  
_! acc\nt2 especially1 z any di/ance    
beyond  sixte5 miles1 or :5 lad5 = m ?an
 n9e h\rs )9 !  tw5ty-f\r1 or :5 c>ry+ m
 ?an #ahjlb41 come "u !  d5om9ation ( a 
=c$ m>*1 & subject ! ,company to all    
risks4    ,i %\ld r appreh5d t an error 
has crept into ,mr4 ,colebrooke's       
o!rwise mo/ accurate calculations1 ow+  
to a cut*a-maund ( five  pase]ies1 7(   
#ajlb4 ea*17 be+ 9 g5]al use 9 t "p ( ! 
c\ntry4 ,five ( ^! maunds1 ( #ejlb4 ea*1
 make a tungy1 :i* is  ! common load =  
cattle c>ry+ iron1 & o!r dead weights4  
,!re=e1 if we e/imate ! g5]al bur!n to  
be 9 cut*a 7i4e4  small7 maunds1 we %all

 f9d ! result to be ne>] ! ord9>y       
result1 ?an :5 we take #ejjlb4 = ! am\nt
 ( a load4 ,x is a  well-kn[n tru?1 t a 
private t5t1 ) its poles1 p9s1 mallets1 
& bags1 is an ample load = any bullock1 
ev5 9 its dry /ate1 &  t1 :5 wet1 x mu/ 
be a *oice animal t is compet5t to be> x
  = ev5 a v few miles4    ,9 "s ( ! v   
/ony p>ts1 x is usual to %oe ! bullocks1
 !  same z is practis$ 9 _m p>ts (      
,engl&2 b1 9 g5]al1 t is  n f\nd        
necess>y4 ,! saddles & pads mu/ be      
prop]ly att5d$ to1  & ! loads %\ld be   
well /rapp$ on2 o!rwise1 ow+ to !       
skitti%ness ( ! cattle 9 ,india1 & _!   
disposition to lie d[n1  v frequ5tly1 9 
a day's j\rney1 consid]able injury mu/  
be  su/a9$1 by su* articles ( lad+ z may
 be subject to breakage1  f su* a       
practice4    ,h[ev] great a drawback su*
 a prop5sity may appe>1 x is f\nd1 t    
liquors may be safely tru/$ to be       
convey$ by bullocks2 b1 9 ord]  to      
ensure ! bottles f break+1 x is f\nd    
necess>y to pack e  "o ( !m sep>ate1    

wrapp+ r\nd x a small loose b&1 ( t s(t 
k9d ( hemp kn[n by ! "n ( paut1 & /it*+ 
! sev]al  r\nds toge!r 9 ! same mann] z 
,flor5ce oil flasks1 c41 are  envelop$  
by small b&s ( f9e /raw4    ,! paut1    
above m5tion$1 is gr[n 9 e "p ( !       
c\ntry1 b  *iefly 9 ,b5gal1 :]e x atta9s
 to a consid]able diamet]1 p]haps  an   
in* & a half 9 diamet]1 & (t5 gr[s elev5
 or twelve feet  high4 ,ab\t ?ree ye>s  
ago1 ,i pres5t$ a specim5 ( paut to !   
,ba? ,society1 measur+ m ?an t5 feet 9  
l5g?3 x 0 !  rema9d] ( a quantity 9 :i* 
,i _h pack$ "s bottles :5 quitt+        
,b5gal1 & _h nev] be5 s mu* z put to !  
hackle4    ,no?+ is s effectual z ?is   
mat]ial t[>ds pres]v+ bottles f         
fracture2 :5 prop]ly wold$1 !y may ei!r 
be pack$ 9 boxes1 c41  )\t any addition 
( /raw1 c41 or !y may be advantage\sly  
put  into /rong bags ( tawt1 & ?us1 )   
seem+ neglig5ce1 be  c>ri$ on ei!r side 
! bullock4 ,i h sev]al times adopt$ ?is 
mode1 & f\nd x by f> ! safe/1 z well z !
 lea/ exp5sive1  & be/ suit$ to !       

animal4 ,by x1 ! necessity = boxes 0    
obviat$1 & a good bullock c\ld easily   
c>ry five doz5s ( w9e =  any l5g? ( "t1 
& = any numb] ( miles1 a regim5t w\ld   
commonly m>*4    ,:5 t5ts are c>ri$ on  
ox51 x is necess>y to divide ! load z   
equally z may be practicable2 obs]v+1 t 
^? :i* h to c>ry  ! two flies1 ought n  
to be encumb]$ ) mallets1 p9s1 c41 z  x 
is a great desid]atum to make sure1 z   
mu* z practicable1 t !  flies1 ! pole1 &
 a c]ta9 portion ( p9s1 toge!r ) a      
mallet  or two1 %\ld arrive e>ly2 x be+ 
( less consequ5ce if !  bullocks be>+ ! 
walls1 satr9jes1 c41 be some:at lat]2   
s9ce  ! ma9 "p ( ! op]ation ( pit*+ !   
t5t1 consi/+ (  rais+ ! flies1 may be   
p]=m$1 & %elt] af=d$1 )\t !  walls1 c41 
be+ pres5t4    ,al?\gh a v l>ge /\t     
bullock may1 "h & !re1 be f\nd  capable 
( c>ry+ a pair ( cloa?s-trunks1 ) a     
small cot above  !m1 su* mu/ n be       
g5]ally expect$4 ,! trunks w1 if prop]ly
  con/ruct$1 sit close1 z !y d on a     
camel2 b ! cot w  assur$ly swag1 s z to 

cause great un/ead9ess ( gait1 & subject
  ! animal to *afe "u ! pad3 besides1 ! 
disposition ( mo/  bullocks is su*1 z by
 no means to w>rant ! lad+ !m ) any     
article subject to great injury f a     
fall4    ,i h already said ! bullock is 
! wor/ k9d ( c>riage us$ 9  ! army1 b = 
draught x is ess5tially s]viceable2 9   
fact1  )\t ?is animal1 ,i "k n h[ !     
s]vice c\ld proce$ 9 ,india4  ,a great  
deal1 h[ev]1 dep5ds on bre$2 & no less  
on due fe$+ &  prop] ex]cise4 ,only     
c]ta9 p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 su* z ! ,purneah 
& ,sirc>-,s>un di/ricts1 are f\nd to    
produce ox5 ( a /&>d &  frame suit$ to !
 ordnance dep>tm5t2 9 :i*1 on ! ,b5gal  
,e/abli%m5t alone1 full five ?\s& head (
 cattle are employ$1  exclusive ( a l>ge
 e/abli%m5t ( elephants & camels1       
allott$ to  ! conveyance ( camp         
equipage4    ,! proportion ( bullocks   
all[$ = ! draught ( field-pieces (      
v>i\s calibres1 ) :i* !y are expect$ to 
keep pace ) !  ord9>y rate at :i* troops
 m>*1 are z foll[3--                 ,to

 a     #bd    ,p\nd]          #bd       
,bullocks4                        #ah   
,ditto            #ah ,ditto4           
#ab    ,ditto            #ab ,ditto4    
#f    ,ditto             #f ,ditto4     
#c    ,ditto             #d ,ditto4     
#h    ,in* ,h[itz]    #ad ,ditto4       
#e  ,ditto            #aj ,ditto4       
#d ,ditto             #f ,ditto4        
,artific]'s ,c>t        #aj ,ditto4     
,tumbrel                  #f ,ditto4    
,x may surprize ^? :o are p]sonally     
unacqua9t$ ) ,india1 to  le>n t horses  
are v little employ$ 9 c>riages4 ,i h   
already  %ewn1 t1 ) ! exception ( !     
r'hunts let out = hire ab\t  ,calcutta1 
( :i* "s are drawn by "o1 or by two     
tattoos1 all !  vehicles 9 use among !  
natives1 & all ! labori\s "p (  :atev]  
may relate to build+1 trade1 &          
agriculture1 are consign$  to ox52 ( :i*
 ! prices are1 9 "s places1 s l[1 t a   
small  pair1 fit to be work$ at a well 9
 a g5tleman's g>d51 may usually be  _h =
 ab\t t5 rupees 7i4e4 #bes472 :ile !    

g5]ality (  husb&m5 r>ely pay m ?an six 
rupees 7#aes47 = a pair1 su* z  are     
adequate to ! v insignificant tillage   
be/[$ on ! soil4    ,! indig5\s bre$ (  
horses1 if ,b5gal c boa/ ( any su*1 is  
rem>kably small1 h>dy1 & vici\s3 to me1 
h[ev]1 x has ev] be5 a  d\bt1 :e!r ?is  
bre$1 call$ tattoos1 be n a deg5]ate    
race  f "s supply obta9$1 at a v remote 
date1 f ,durbungah1 &  ! di/ricts rang+ 
"u ! nor!rly fronti]4 ,t bre$1  g5]ally 
di/+ui%$ by ! appellation ( s]issahs1 is
 aga9  que/ionable1 & may1 9 all        
probability1 be trac$ to ! tazees1  br$ 
9 ! ,mah>rattah c\ntry1 & 9 e "p ( !    
,punjab4    ,consid]+ ! great /r5g? &   
p]sev]ance ( tattoos 9 g5]al1  x is r   
surpriz+ t !y are n put to m purposes1  
?an  m]ely s]v+ to c>ry a load on a m>*1
 or to convey "s infirm1 or  r afflu5t1 
travell]1 :5 mov+ f "o "p to ano!r4 ,z  
few  ca/rations take place among !      
males1 & ! sexes are all[$ to  int]mix  
)\t re/ra9t1 ! species w\ld multiply    
rapidly1 7 x  n t little c>e is tak5 ( !

 pregnant m>es1 & less ( !  prog5y2 :i* 
usually has to %ift = itself1 & to cut  
its own grass  :]ev] a scanty meal may  
be obta9able4 ,if a selection 7 made (  
! tattoos1 male & female1 fitt$ = bre$+ 
f1 !re might be  e/abli%$ a supply (    
cattle1 f> m useful to ! peasant1 ?an   
^? mis]ably defective ox5 :i*1 9 spite (
 ! pr(ess$  v5]ation ( all ,h9dus t[>ds 
^? sacr$ animals1 are (t5 kept  toil+ at
 ! pl\gh until nature int]poses 9 behalf
 ( ! worn-out  deity1 & compels !       
reluctant peasant to all[ ! h\r (       
dissolution to pass on 9 peace4    ,!   
,company1 ) a view to obta9 a c]ta91    
regul>1 & effici5t1  supply ( horses =  
_! cavalry regim5ts1 h1 = ab\t sev5te5  
ye>s pa/1 ma9ta9$ an e/abli%m5t = bre$+ 
f select m>es  9 ,nor? ,bah>3 !         
lib]ality ) :i* ?is has be5 support$1 & 
! admirable selection made ( p]sons = ! 
managem5t ( e  bran*1 %\ld give ! mo/   
favorable result2 especially z ! spot   
*os5 = its site is peculi>ly eligible 9 
po9t ( graz+4    ,b x does n appe> t !  

expect$ b5efits h be5 produc$4 ,i       
recollect see+ a spl5did calculation1   
made ab\t ! ye> #agid1 :i*  w5t s f> z  
to demon/rate1 t1 by ! end ( ! twelf?   
ye>1  full fifte5 hundr$ horses w\ld    
annually be suppli$ f ! /ud4  ,see+ t an
 ag5cy /ill exi/s = ! pur*ase ( cavalry 
horses1  & kn[+ t ! :ole /r5g? ( ! light
 regim5ts ( cavalry d  n exce$ six ?\s& 
horses1 ev5 includ+ ! body-gu>d1 we may 
reasonably conclude1 t ! /ud is by no   
means compet5t to furni%  "o-f\r? ( t   
numb] )9 ! ye>6    ,! tattoos ( ,b5gal  
r>ely gr[ to ! height ( twelve h&s2 !y  
are slight limb$1 & cat-hamm$2 b c>ry   
imm5se bur!ns dur+ a  day's m>*1 & are  
no soon] turn$ (f1 hav+ _! =e-feet      
te!r$1 ?an a g5]al w> seems to be       
proclaim$ among all ( !  tribe t may be 
)9 sight or he>+4 ,kick+1 bit+1 &       
gallantry1 are ! ord] ( ! day2 & woe    
betide ! incauti\s wight  :o %\ld1 at   
su* a "t1 approa* )9 rea* ( _! heels6   
,few tattoos ev] h ! bursautty2 a       
peculi> break+ out ab\t  ! legs1 7by no 

means resembl+ ! grease17 to :i* horses1
 9  g5]al1 are extremely subject ?r\gh\t
 ! l[ c\ntries2 especially  if _! /&+ be
 n rem>kably dry1 & ex]cise giv5 9      
proportion to _! all[ance ( gram2 :i* is
 a species ( pulse1  gr[+ on a l[ plant 
( ! t>e k9d1 & commonly sold at ab\t a  
rupee p] maund4    ,( ?is gram1 a horse 
w eat f ?ree to six se]s1 7( #blb4      
ea*17 accord+ to 8 size or appetite2    
half 9 ! morn+1 & half  at night4 ,:5   
high f$1 & b little rode1 ! mo/ valuable
 horses1  9 p>ticul>1 become victims to 
! bursautty2 :i*1 ?\gh x  disappe>s 9 ! 
spr+ & summ]1 inv>iably returns1        
g5]ally1 too1  ) encreas$ =ce1 dur+ e   
ra9y season4 ,z yet1 no cure has  be5   
discov]$ = ?is ru9\s disease1 ?\gh      
numb]s ( g5tlem51  ( em95t abilities1 h 
devot$ _! att5tion t[>ds its            
eradication3 its abatem5t has1 9 "s     
in/ances1 be5 effect$2 b1  not)/&+ !    
utmo/ skill & p]sev]ance1 ! blot*es h   
return$1 9 suffici5t =ce to satisfy all 
m$ical m51 t no  decid$ mode ( treatm5t1

 & no g5]al specific1 has1 hi!rto1 be5  
e/abli%$4    ,! exemption ( tattoos1 = !
 mo/ "p1 f s =midable a  di/emp]1 seems 
to indicate _! peculi> fitness = !      
climate3 x  matt]s n :e!r nature fir/   
plant$ !m on ! soil1 or :e!r1  by long  
cont9uance1 !y h become habituat$ to x1 
s completely z  to defy t virul5ce ) :i*
 ! climate attacks /range animals4      
,w&]+ among all ! puddles & jungles at e
 season2 &  subsi/+ on ! rema9s (       
tempor>y v]dure2 ultimately1 inde$1     
br[s+1 or dev\r+1 ! )]$ rema9s ( long   
grass2 ^! useful  animals contract no   
disease1 save :at may be eng5d]$ by su* 
absolute sc>city z w\ld g nigh to />ve a
 donkey6    ,! next bre$ ( horses1 9    
po9t ( /r5g? & h>d9ess1 is !  tanian1 a 
small k9d1 obvi\sly di/9ct f all ! o!r  
bre$s (  ,india1 & peculi> to ! ,?ibet &
 ,bootan c\ntries1 t lie at !  back (   
our ea/]n & nor!rn fronti]1 all ! way f 
,assam to  ,sir9agur3 all[+ = !         
int]v5tion ( ! ,nepaul ,rajah's         
dom9ions4 ,^! horses are1 ) few         

exceptions1 piebald2 ?\gh a few  are se5
 entirely ( "o color4 ,! bre$ may be    
*>act]iz$ 9 a few  words1 viz4 t !y are 
rem>kably /\t1 hog-man$1 h %ort bu%y    
tails1 v %ort necks1 & l>ge heads4    ,!
 ,bootan m]*ants1 :o come d[n ye>ly )   
v>i\s articles (  manufacture1 su* z    
mats1 clo?s1 c41 ( a v peculi> k9d1 by  
no  means displeas+ 9 _! patt]ns1       
commonly lade _! goods ^u  tanians1 :i* 
!y dispose ( ultimately = a small sum1  
p]haps  f tw5ty-five to sixty rupees    
ea*2 res]v+1 h[ev]1 a few1  :]eon to    
transport ! ,briti% wooll5s1 & o!r      
articles !y  obta9 f ! produce ( _!     
sales4    ,great numb]s ( ! natives (   
,b5gal1 :o are 9 good circum/ances1  or 
are oblig$ to att5d daily at p>ticul>   
(fices1 c41 ride on  tanians2 :i*1 ?\gh 
n to be t]m$ quiet1 are f> m s ?an      
tattoos 9 g5]al4 ,^! good folks abom9ate
 a trot1 z be+  uneasy & heat+2 & n "o (
 !m w\ld s f> demean himself z  to be   
se5 gallopp+6 ,?is has giv5 rise to !   
g5]al adoption (  t unnatural1 b v easy1

 pace call$ ! #8amble1' 9 :i* a horse   
moves ! =e & h9d] feet ( ! same side at 
"o "t4 ,x is  s+ul>1 t ?is mode ( go+   
%\ld be s pleasant 9 a horse1  :51 9 !  
elephant1 ^: natural mode ( gait x is1  
!re %\ld  result f x ! only inconv5i5ce 
) :i* ! motion ( t  animal is att5d$4   
,tanians r>ely exce$ ?irte5 h&s 9       
height1 b _! p[]s are  wond]fully great2
 !y are capable ( endur+ great fatigue1 
&1  ?\gh by no means sightly 9 a *>iot1 
w p]=m j\rnies equal to  :at might be   
expect$ f l>g] animals4 ,9 g5]al1 !y are
 r  fi]y1 b1 by g5tle usage1 %ew        
suffici5t coolness & temp] =  mo/       
purposes4 ,l mo/ m\nta9-br$ horses1 !y  
are sure-foot$1  &1 :5 left to !mselves1
 pick ! be/ road ) great                
circumspection2 proce$+ at an easy pace1
 :i* !y w keep up =  _m h\rs4 ,i "k n ( 
any bre$ bett] qualifi$ = draw+ a light 
small *aise1 :]e great spe$ is n want$2 
b figure mu/ be out (  ! "q4    ,!      
,s]issah1 or ,durbungah-tazee1 d]ives   
its "n f ! places  :]e great numb]s are 

br$4 ,^! horses are g5]ally ( a light   
make1 &1 :5 "y1 promise to turn out     
well2 b1 z !y approa*  _! full /&>d1    
lose _m good po9ts1 &1 = ! mo/ "p1      
become r vici\s4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1        
extremely s]viceable z  hacks1 & g5]ally
 make good hog-hunt]s3 occasionally1    
valuable  horses are f\nd among !m2 & x 
is to be hop$1 t1 z !  ,company's       
/alions are let out at l[ rates1 to cov]
 su* good m>es z  may be t5d]$ at _!    
/ud1 !re w soon be effect$ an imm5se    
improvem5t 9 ! g5]al /ock ( ,nor? ,bah>4
    ,?is1 9 fact1 seems to be "o ( !    
prom95t features 9 !  e/abli%m5t ( !    
/ud1 & promises to become v conspicu\sly
  successful2 ?\gh x is to be lam5t$1 t 
! native bre$]s1 ow+  to a want ( lib]al
 ideas1 & ( exp&$ views1 are too apt to 
adopt  t n>r[ policy1 :i* prompts to !  
do+ t badly = sixp5ce1  :i* may be well 
done = a p5ny m6 ,"t w probably ov]come 
su* an absurd sy/em1 & conv9ce !m t !   
paym5t ( a few  rupees1 or ! subscrib+  
to c]ta9 regulations1 adopt$ = !  g5]al 

improvem5t ( prop]ty1 s f> f be+        
detrim5tal1 are !  sure/ means ( obta9+ 
a sub/antial pr(it1 9 ! mo/ spe$y       
mann]4    ,!re are annual fairs1 call$  
maylahs1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( !  c\ntry1 :]e !
 horses ( ?is bre$ 7i4e4 s]issahs17 are 
exhibit$ 9 imm5se numb]s4 ,! great] "p (
 !m are expos$  annually at ,bux>1 & are
 pur*as$ by ! natives1 ei!r = _!  own   
use1 or = re-sale 9 v>i\s p>ts4 ,x is   
curi\s1 b true1 t1  "s ye>s ago1 a great
 numb] ( horses t _h be5 tak5 f         
,durbungah into ! ,mah>rattah c\ntry1 7 
pur*as$ !re = !  supply ( ! ,company's  
regim5ts4 ,=m]ly1 ! imm5se body (       
cavalry  paid by ! ,nabob ,vizi] (      
,oude1 us$ to be m\nt$ by horses f      
,nor? ,bah>1 b1 s9ce t wor?less gang h  
be5 s5t #8to ! "r  ab\t1' ! dem& creat$ 
by t e/abli%m5t has be5 almo/ :olly     
done away4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 ! prices h n1 s
 f> z ,i c le>n1  fall53 !y probably are
 upheld by our encreas$ /r5g? ( cavalry 
regim5ts4    ,! price ( a s]issah is n  
to be easily def9$2 a v l>ge  portion ( 

!m sell = less ?an "o hundr$1 :ile "s   
rea* z high  z six hundr$1 rupees3 at a 
m$ium1 we may affix a hundr$ & fifty    
rupees at a fair /&>d1 if ! pur*ase be  
made at a fair1 b1 if  second-h&1 f a   
horse-deal]1 f fifty to a hundr$ p] c5t1
 may  be add$4 ,i h kn[n v h&some sets1 
( f\r & six1 pur*as$ at  ,bux>1 av]ag+  
fifte5 h&s & a half1 t 7 pur*as$ = ab\t 
two hundr$ rupees ea*1 & re-sold1 to    
fri5ds1 = five & six  hundr$1 a few     
weeks aft]6    ,! horses 9 highe/       
e/imation are *iefly import$ f !        
,punjab1  & f ,p]sia1 by regul> deal]s1 
:o come d[n to our nor?-we/  fronti]    
annually1 aft] ! ra9s1 accompani$ by _m 
camels1  g5]ally ( an excell5t bre$1    
:i*1 besides convey+ ! t5ts1  c41 ( !   
p>ty1 be> heavy bur!ns ( %awls1 dri$    
fruits1 &1  occasionally1 cats ( ! mo/  
beautiful description4 ,su* g5tlem5 z   
wi% = horses ( great /r5g?1 ord9>ily    
pur*ase toorkies2  :i*1 be+ extremely   
/\t1 & phlegmatic1 answ] well = p]sons (
  great weight1 & ( timid disposition4  

,! ,p]sian horses h g5]ally a f9] %\ld]1
 & atta9 a bett]  /&>d1 ?an ! toorky1   
:i* r>ely measures fifte5 h&s1 &1  9    
g5]al1 may be ab\t f\rte53 bo? k9ds are 
rem>kable = heavy1  lob-e>s1 & are      
always well advanc$ 9 ye>s be=e !y are  
br\ght  = sale4 ,ev5 "u t great         
drawback1 !y commonly sell = eight      
hundr$1 or a ?\s&1 rupees1 &1 :5 ( a    
h&some color1 well  =m$1 & ( a good     
size1 w produce f fifte5 hundr$1 to ?ree
  ?\s&1 rupees4    ,! jungle-tazee1 :i* 
is br$ 9 ! ,punjab1 or ,seik c\ntry1 is1
 9  g5]al1 h&some1 & spirit$4 ,^! come  
at an e>li] age1 z does  ! maj5nis1 :i* 
is br$ 9 ! same qu>t]1 & is usually !   
(fspr+ ( a jungle-tazee horse1 ) a      
,p]sian or toorky m>e2 or  vice v]s4    
,bo? ^! k9ds may be rat$ z ris+ to full 
fifte5  h&s2 & _! prices are usually on 
a p> ) ! toorky4    ,x is highly        
necess>y1 :5 pur*as+ ( a native deal]1  
to look v  accurately into e matt]      
relat+ to s\ndness1 & quietness4 ,^?    
g5try are admirable jockies1 & commonly 

adm9i/] su* doses (  opium to _! vici\s 
cattle1 z cause !m = a :ile to appe>    
pre-em95tly passive2 a circum/ance      
easily detect$1 by insi/+ on  ! animal  
be+ left "u *>ge ( ! pur*as]'s own syce1
  7i4e4 groom17 = a day or two1 be=e !  
money is paid4    ,:5 mak+ b>ga9s )     
,european g5tlem51 ! :ole ( !           
transactions are g5]ally ov]t1 & free f 
disguise1 b1 :5  native is oppos$ to    
native1 ! affair is conduct$ ) mu*      
assum$  my/]y4 ,a clo? is laid ov] !    
knees ( ! sell] & pur*as]1 z  !y squat  
vis a vis on ! gr\nd close toge!r2 !    
hookah is  introduc$1 & resort$ to1     
:5ev] any little diff]5ce takes place3  
at o!r times1 ! p>ties h ea* "o h&1     
g5]ally ! "r1  "u ! clo?1 :51 by means (
 pressures on ! palms1 :i* d5ote        
hundr$s1 & ( ! f+]s1 :i* d5ote1 9 _! due
 ord]1 #bj1 #dj1  #fj1 & #hj1 spe$ily   
und]/& ea* o!r v fully4 ,?is affectation
  is c>ri$ to su* an ext5t1 t ,i h se5  
ne>ly a :ole day pass$  9 keep+ up !    
f>ce1 ?\gh aft]w>ds x 0 divulg$ to me1 z

 a  great secret1 t ! b>ga9 _h be5 made 
dur+ ! fir/ five  m9utes2 b ! sell] 0   
desir\s to uphold a "* = be+  v t5aci\s 
( ! sum orig9ally dem&$6    ,almo/ e    
light-color$ horse1 su* z a grey1 or a  
dun1 has its tail  /a9$ = _m in*es ne> !
 tip ) m9dy1 7i4e4 h9na17 z  us$ by !   
ladies ( ,h9do/an3 g5]ally1 a r+ ( !    
same is add$  ab\t two in*es above1 & ( 
ab\t two in*es 9 dep?4 ,on acc\nt (  !  
inconv5i5ce & heat att5dant ^u !        
ret5tion ( full manes1  :i* are consid]$
 indisp5sable t[>ds ! beauty ( a horse1 
x is  usual to braid !m ) silk1 or ?read
 ties1 ( v>i\s colors1  *iefly r$1 or   
yell[3 ! practice c]ta9ly has ! int5d$  
effect1  b causes a l>ge portion ( !    
mane to fall (f4 ,! hair ( ! tail  is   
nev] cut by a native1 & b r>ely by an   
,european2 on acc\nt (  ! millions (    
gad-flies1 :i*1 b = su* a def5ce1 w\ld  
irritate  ! animal greatly1 & occasion  
him to fall (f1 bo? f 8  condition1 & 8 
food4    ,! /ables = horses %\ld be     
amply spaci\s1 & cov]$ )  ?at*1 9       

pref]5ce to tiles1 :i* ?r[ too great    
heat into !  int]ior4 ,! head-ropes1 :i*
 commonly bran* out f ! head-/all  9    
diff]5t directions angul>ly =w>d1 ought 
to be sub/antial1 &  r long ?an limitt$4
 ,! heel-ropes ought to be full tw5ty   
feet  9 l5g?1 & kept a little (f !      
gr\nd1 by a small b>1 or prop1 to       
prev5t _! be+ rott$ by ! wet4 ,"o end ( 
ea* heel-rope is  furni%$ ) a loop ( r  
?9n] & s(t] rope1 plait$ flat1  s z n to
 injure ! pa/]n1 r\nd :i* x loops on4 ,b
 = su*  prev5tives1 ! syces d>e n rub   
d[n _! cattle2 :i* w\ld1  besides1 fight
 desp]ately1 unless ?us re/ra9$4        
,/alls ( plank are by no means suit$ to 
! climate1 nor w\ld !y  (f] any def5ce  
aga9/ ! horses ( ,india1 v few ( :i* are
  ca/rat$4 ,! be/1 b1 at ! same "t1 v   
insuffici5t1 device1  is ! plac+ ( sw++ 
b>s betwe5 ! horses sev]ally2 ev5 ^!    
are no re/ra9t1 fur!r ?an limitt+ a     
horse 9 case he %\ld get  loose2 a      
circum/ance in/antly ann\nc$ by !       
trem5d\s upro>  occasion$ by su* an     

accid5t1 :i* b r>ely occurs4    ,on     
acc\nt ( ! extreme dang] to :i* horses  
are subject$ by !  frequ5cy ( fires1 x  
is advisable t e /able1 especially if   
?at*$1 %\ld h a range ( wat]-pots plac$ 
along ! ridge4  ,^! %\ld always be kept 
full ( wat]1 to be at ! disposal ( m5   
s5t up to spr9kle ! ?at*1 & to ext+ui%  
:atev] flakes may  fall ^u x2 b1 9 case 
! ?at* itself %\ld accid5tally take     
fire1 be=e any p]son c m\nt to di/ribute
 ! wat]1 !n ! pots  %\ld be brok51 by   
means ( clods1 poles1 or :atev] means   
may (f]  "u su* em]g5cy4    ,!          
horse-deal]s f ! ,punjab1 & f ,p]sia1   
may be said to lay  ! ,company's        
prov9ces "u annual contribution2 s9ce x 
is  asc]ta9$1 t1 "o ye> ) ano!r1 !y take
 back bills1 ca%1 or  goods1 7g5]ally ! 
=m]17 to ! full am\nt ( f\r lacs (      
rupees  7#ej1jjj74 ,= ?is !y deliv] f   
five to six hundr$ horses1 (  :i* n9e 9 
t5 are ag$1 "s dri$ fruits1 ,p]sian     
cats1 & %awls1  ! :ole intr9sic value ( 
:i*1 or at lea/ ! prime co/ &  duties   

payable on ! way1 _c exce$ "o-f\r? ( t  
sum4 ,9  tru?1 ! duties1 :i* are        
rigor\sly exact$ by v>i\s petty  pr9ces1
 c41 ?r\gh ^: t]ritories !y mu/ pass1 =m
 ! great]  portion ev5 ( t %>e ( !      
booty4 ,yet d ! v5]able deal]s 9        
horse-fle% always plead pov]ty1 & t !y h
 made s v bad a  trip1 t1 on _! return  
home1 _! affairs mu/ g to ru93  h[ev]1  
!y make a %ift to come d[n1 ye> aft]    
ye>1 ?\gh buy+  & sell+ to s mu* loss6  
,9 sell+ horses1 x is cu/om>y to        
describe _! sev]al ca/s1  ! same z ^? ( 
! p ( ,india2 ?us1 an auctione]         
adv]tises  a toorky1 or a maj5nis #8(   
high ca/1' to be sold on su* a day4  ,! 
t]m may1 h[ev]1 be consid]$ z r         
te*nical1 & at lea/  z arbitr>y 9 its   
mean+1 z :5 our ,briti% knights ( !     
hamm]  puff (f "s hovel1 cramm$ into a  
corn]1 :]e no "o w\ld h  dreamt ( see+  
an edifice1 z #8a capital mansion1      
und5iably  situat$6' ,x mu/1 at ! same  
"t1 be ackn[l$g$1 t ,asiatic            
adv]tisem5ts d n require to be s        

cauti\sly accept$1 cum grano  salis1 z  
^? cat*-p5ny notices1 :i* n only attract
 ! eye  directly1 b are lit]ally        
support$ by insidi\s puffs int]sp]s$    
among ! news ( ! day4    ,! extravagant 
price to :i* all articles ( horse       
furniture h at  times ris5 9 ,india1    
op]at$ z a consid]able injury to !      
,european  manufactur]1 :o r>ely makes  
mu* pr(it on goods int5d$ =             
exportation4 ,)9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s1      
numb]s ( p]sons1 bo?  ,european &       
native1 h e/abli%$ !mselves z saddl]s & 
h>ness-mak]s4 ,at fir/ !y 7 n mu*       
enc\rag$1 ow+ to a  belief v g5]ally    
preval5t1 t lea!r tann$ 9 ,india 0      
inf]ior to t export$ f ?is c\ntry4    ,t
 objection did n /& its gr\nd2 = x 0    
soon asc]ta9$  t ! b>k ( ! baubool      
7mimoza7 0 at lea/ equal to t (  ! oak2 
& t ! lea!r prep>$ !re) by sev]al       
,europeans1  :o _h con/ruct$ tan-pits1  
on a l>ge scale1 0 bo? equal to1 &  full
 fifty p] c5t4 *eap] ?an1 :at ! %ips    
convey$ to ,india4  ,!nce=w>d1 all !    

lea!r-"w ( ! c>riages built 9 ,india1   
"s ( :i* might vie ) any to be se5 9    
,europe1 0 done )  c\ntry hides4        
,%oe-mak]s1 bo? ,european & native1     
resort$ to !  same means ( supply1 &    
(f]$ bo? boots & %oes ( ! be/  prep>$   
lea!r1 ! want ( :i* _h1 = a long "t1    
caus$ !  v neat %oes made = ab\t a %ill+
 ! pair1 by ! latt] class1  to be held 9
 little e/imation4    ,saddl]s &        
h>ness-mak]s h appe>$1 ^: labors h prov$
  em95tly valuable2 _! mat]ials1 & _!   
"w1 be+ alike  excell5t4 ,i mu/ "h be   
und]/ood to conf9e my approbation to !  
articles manufactur$ f lea!r tann$ 9 a  
regul> mann]1 & n  t paltry br[n-pap]-l 
rubbi% manufactur$ 9 pots & pans by     
indig5t natives1 :o (t5 "w up a sk9 )9 !
 ?ird or f\r?  day aft] its be+ /ripp$ f
 "s />v$ %eep1 or goat2 b :i*  lea!r may
 always be di/+ui%$ by a n>r[ /reak (   
:ite1 t  is1 ( raw hide1 rema9+ 9 !     
middle ( its ?ickness4    ,saddles made 
( su* crude mat]ials1 b 9 e o!r respect 
by no  means to be condemn$1 may be _h  

at ,monghyr1 :]e also bits &  bridles   
are made ) s+ul> neatness1 = ab\t t5    
rupees 7#be  %ill+s72 b ^? ( sup]ior    
mat]ials1 & made "u !  inspection ( an  
,european1 w co/ full z mu*1 or p]haps  
m1 !n  ! sums ord9>ily paid 9 ,london = 
saddles1 c41 ( prime quality1  & high   
f9i%4    ,! climate is extremely adv]se 
to ! tann]1 inasmu* z !re is  great     
difficulty 9 obta9+ an ample /ock ( raw 
hides2 ow+ to !  consumption ( beef &   
mutton be+ conf9$ to ! ,european1 & to  
! ,mahom$an p>ts ( ! population2 & to ! 
great difficulty (  convey+ ! sk9s to ! 
pits be=e incipi5t f]m5tation may become
  obvi\s1 & disqualify !m = ! purpose4  
,t lea!r might1 ) great advantage to bo?
 c\ntries1 be s5t f  ,india to ,europe1 
_c be d\bt$3 ! great difficulty w\ld be 
to  furni% su* a quantity z might r5d] !
 trade an object4 ,accord+  to ! pres5t 
high prices1 x w\ld almo/ be wor? :ile  
to buy cattle  9 ,india1 = ! purpose (  
s5d+ _! hides & tall[ to m>ket 9        
,engl&4 ,z to ! b5efits to arise to !   

/ate1 !y are too obvi\s  to require     
po9t+ out4    ,a p]son :o might h quitt$
 ,india ab\t ?irty ye>s ago1 :5 !       
g5]ality ( articles ( almo/ e           
description 9 use among  ,europeans1 7  
s5t f ,engl&2 & :5 only "o or two       
,european  tailors 7 to be se5 9 all    
,b5gal2 :51 also1 a news-pap] 0  sc>cely
 9 exi/5ce1 w\ld n[1 on l&+ 9 t c\ntry1 
be  a/oni%$ at ! improvem5ts made 9     
v>i\s bran*es ( manufacture3  he w\ld   
contemplate ! advance made 9 ! me*anical
 arts z !  c]ta9 =e-runn] ( indep5d5ce2 
& he w\ld view ! columns (  ! sev]al    
news-pap]s publi%$ at ,calcutta1 9 all  
f\rte51 7besides  magaz9es1 c417 ^:     
columns teem ) adv]tisem5ts on a l>ge   
scale3 ^! he w\ld view z ! p>am\nt      
results ( great ent]prize1  f\nd$ ^u    
ext5sive capitals1 & back$ by an almo/  
unlimitt$  cr$it4    ,! news-pap]s are  
g5]ally publi%$ once or twice weekly1 at
 ab\t a  rupee ea*2 mo/ days ( ! week   
br+ =? two pap]s1 9 :i* !  price (      
adv]tis+ is g5]ally eight annas1 7i4e4  

half a rupee1 or  #ae;d417 = ea* l9e3 z 
! type is r l>ge1 ! exp5ce (            
adv]tisem5ts mu/1 9 "s great h\ses1     
prove a conspicu\s item  among !        
disbursem5ts4    ,9 ?is p>ticul>1 !     
,h9do/anee1 or r ! ,p]sian1 news-pap]s  
are mis]ably defici5t2 z1 inde$1 !y are 
9 :atev] %\ld be !  cont5ts ( a         
publication devot$ to ! important       
purposes (  m]cantile1 or ( political1  
intellig5ce4 ,f> f conta9+ a s+le       
adv]tisem5t1 or f communicat+ any matt] 
relative to ! arts1  ^! bullet9s1 = ,i c
 call !m no?+ bett]1 are p5n$ by  p]sons
 ab\t ! sev]al native c\rts1 accord+ to 
! :im ( a  sycophant1 or to ! m]e tattle
 9 ! suburbs ( a city2 nay1 !y are  (t5 
manufactur$ hundr$s ( miles f ! places  
:5ce !y are  suppos$ to emanate1 &      
conta9 acc\nts ( battles & sieges1      
capitulations & defeats1 halts & m>*es1 
kn[n to ! fabricators  only2 :o1 9      
:atev] relates to inv5tion1             
contradiction1 &  re-contradiction1     
absolutely surpass ^? indu/ri\s wights t

  supply our ,briti% news-mong]s )      
p>agraphs ( ! highe/  importance1       
accid5ts1 murd]s1 c41 c41 at ! *eap rate
 ( t5  %ill+s p] doz56    ,!re be+ no   
presses 9 use among ! natives1 e        
communication1  :e!r private or public1 
mu/ be manuscript2 h5ce1 ! pr(ession (  
scribe is1 9 "s places1 no bad          
livelihood2 especially at ,delhi1  :i*1 
be+ ! anci5t seat ( gov]nm5t1 & !       
imm$iate resid5ce  ( a nom9al k+1       
commonly call$ #8,! ,great ,mogul1'     
supplies e  qu>t] ( ,india ) ,akb>s1    
7i4e4 news-pap]s17 writt5 9 !  ,p]sian  
language & "*1 on long n>r[ slips ( a   
pap]  manufactur$ 9 ,india1 ei!r f      
bamboos1 re$s1 or cotton-wool4 ,^!      
slips are roll$ up to ab\t an in* 9     
wid?1 &1 be+ enclos$ 9 a  small cov]    
pa/$ toge!r1 are despat*$1 ) ! %ew (    
great  importance1 to ! sev]al qu>t]s ( 
,h9do/an1 "u ! pomp\s idea  ( _! be+ e  
:]e 9 high e/imation4    ,! only pap]   
publi%$ by au?ority 9 ,b5gal1 is !      
,calcutta  ,gazette1 :i* is usually     

replete ) adv]tisem5ts = ! sale (  l&s1 
pr9t$ 9 ,engli%1 ,p]sian1 & ,b5galese3 z
 to news1 or useful  essays1 c41 x is   
uncommonly /]ile4 ,private adv]tisem5ts 
9 ?is  pap] are extravagantly de>1 9    
consequ5ce ( ! obligation impos$  on all
 collectors1 c41 to take x 92 :]eby "o  
copy at lea/ is  receiv$ at e civil     
/ation1 h[ev] small4    ,! adv]tisem5ts 
= ! sale ( l&s1 above allud$ to1 h      
sprung  f ! adoption ( :at is call$ !   
,mocurr]y sy/em1 :i*  orig9at$ ) ,mr4   
,?omas ,law1 =m]ly collector ( ,bah>1 & 
n[  settl$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,t plan c]ta9ly   
wore a v speci\s appe>ance2  because x  
purport$ to be a p]petual adju/m5t ( !  
r5ts1 :i*  7 be=e subject to            
augm5tation1 & held out to ! l&-hold]s  
! com=t+ assurance ( be+ consid]$ on a  
foot+ )  proprietors 9 fee-simple1 s    
long z !y %\ld pay ! r5ts z  settl$ by !
 ,mocurr]y agreem5t4    ,:ile ! plan 0 9
 agitation1 & "u ! consid]ation (       
,m>quis  ,cornwallis1 by :om x 0 adopt$1
 ! ,bo>d ( ,rev5ue1 to :i* x  01 pro    

=ma1 submitt$1 made sev]al v s5sible &  
cog5t  rem>ks1 :i*1 h[ev]1 _h n ! effect
 ( caus+ x to be  ab&on$4 ,"t has fully 
ju/ifi$ ! objections /at$ by t ,bo>d1   
at :i* ! pres5t ,"l ,teignm\?1 !n ,mr4  
,%ore1 presid$2 & we  f9d1 aft] _m ye>s 
( exp]im5t1 t1 )\t reap+ ! smalle/      
advantage !mselves1 ! ,company appe>    
b\nd to p]petuate a  resignation ( _!   
rights z proprietors ( ! soil1 & ( _!   
int]e/s z a body rationally entitl$ to  
d]ive an augm5tation (  r5t1 9          
proportion z ! produce ( ! soil may     
become m valuable1  & m abundant4       
,?is discussion has l$ me to !          
consid]ation ( a mo/ important  topic2  
viz4 ! ,rev5ue ( ,b5gal1 ( :i*1 & its   
mann] (  collection1 ,i %all endeavor to
 give a summ>y2 fir/ pres5t+ my  read]s 
) a copy ( ! ,mocurr]y1 or p]man5t      
sy/em4                              ,,by
 ,,! ,,gov]nor-,,g5]al4                 
----------    ,proclamation4    ,to !   
,zem9d>s1 ,indep5d5t ,talookd>s1 & o!r  
actual      ,proprietors ( ,l&1 pay+    

,rev5ue to ,gov]nm5t1 9 ! ,prov9ces     
( ,b5gal1 ,bah>1 & ,orissa4             
,,article ,i4      ,9 ! orig9al         
regulations = ! dec5nial settlem5t ( !  
,public  ,rev5ues ( ,b5gal1 ,bah>1 &    
,orissa1 pass$ = ^! prov9ces            
respectively1 on ! #ah? day ( ,septemb]1
 #aghi1 ! #be? day (  ,novemb]1 #aghi1 &
 ! #aj? day ( ,febru>y1 #agij1 x 0      
notifi$ to  ! proprietors ( l& )1 or on 
behalf (1 :om a settlem5t might  be     
conclud$1 t ! jumma assess$ ^u _! l&s "u
 ^?  regulations1 w\ld be cont9u$ aft] !
 expiration ( ! t5 ye>s1  & rema9       
unalt]able = ev]1 provid$ su* cont9uance
 %\ld meet  ) ! approbation ( !         
,honorable ,c\rt ( ,directors = !       
affairs  ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company1 & n  
o!rwise4                                
,,article ,,ii4      ,! ,m>quis         
,cornwallis1 ,knight ( ! ,mo/ ,noble    
,ord] ( ! ,g>t]1  ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9     
,c\ncil1 n[ notifies to all ,zem9d>s1   
,talookd>s1  & o!r actual proprietors ( 
l&1 pay+ rev5ue to ,gov]nm5t1 9  !      

prov9ces ( ,b5gal1 ,bah>1 & ,orissa1 t  
he has be5  emp[]$ by ! ,honorable ,c\rt
 ( ,directors1 = ! affairs ( !  ,ea/    
,india ,company1 to decl>e ! jumma :i*  
has be51 or may be1  assess$ ^u _! l&s1 
"u ! regulations above m5tion$1 ,,fix$  
,,= ,,ev]4                              
,,article ,,iii4      ,! ,gov]nor-,g5]al
 9 ,c\ncil accord+ly decl>es to !       
,zem9d>s1  c41 )1 or on behalf (1 :om a 
settlem5t has be5 conclud$ "u  !        
regulations above m5tion$1 t1 at !      
expiration ( ! t]m (  ! settlem5t1 no   
alt]ation w be made 9 ! assessm5t :i* !y
  h respectively engag$ to pay2 b t !y1 
& _! heirs1 &  lawful successors1 w be  
all[$ to hold _! e/ates at su* an       
assessm5t1 ,,= ,,ev]4                   
,,article ,,iv4      ,! l&s ( "s        
,zem9d>s1 c41 hav+ be5 held k'has1,a or 
let 9  f>m1 9 consequ5ce ( _! refus+ to 
pay ! assessm5t requir$ (  !m1 "u !     
regulations above m5tion$1 !            
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9  ,c\ncil n[ notifies  
to ! ,zem9d>s1 c41 ^: l&s are held      

k'has1 t !y %all be re/or$ to !         
managem5t ( _! l&s1  ^u _! agree+ to !  
paym5t ( ! assessm5t1 :i* has be51 or   
may be1 requir$ ( !m1 9 con=mity to !   
regulations above  m5tion$1 & t no      
alt]ation %all h]eaft] be made 9 t      
assessm5t1 b t !y1 & _! heirs1 & lawful 
successors1 %all  be p]mitt$ to hold _! 
respective e/ates at su* an assessm5t   
,,=  ,,ev]3 & he decl>es to ! ,zem9d>s1 
c41 ^: l&s h be5 let  9 f>m1 t !y %all n
 rega9 possession ( _! l&s be=e !       
expiration ( ! p]iod = :i* !y h be5     
f>m$1 7unless !  f>m]s %all volunt>ily  
cons5t to make ov] to !m ! rema9+  t]m (
 _! lease1 & ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil
 %all approve  ( ! transf]17 b1 t1 at ! 
expiration ( t p]iod1 ^u  _! agree+ to !
 paym5t ( ! assessm5t :i* may be requir$
 (  !m1 !y %all be re-in/at$1 & t no    
alt]ation %all aft]w>ds  be made 9 !    
assessm5t2 b t !y1 & _! heirs1 & lawful 
successors1 %all be all[$ to hold _!    
respective e/ates at su* an  assessm5t  
,,= ,,ev]4      ,footnote ,a3      ,9   

h&1 or 9 tru/4                          
,,article ,v4      ,9 ! ev5t ( !        
propriet>y "r 9 l&s t are1 or may1      
become  ! prop]ty ( ,gov]nm5t1 be+      
transf]r$ to individuals1 su*           
individuals1 & _! heirs1 & lawful       
successors1 %all be p]mitt$  to hold !  
l&s1 at ! assessm5t at :i* !y maybe     
transf]r$1  ,,= ,,ev]4                  
,,article ,,vi4      ,x is well kn[n to 
! ,zem9d>s1 c41 z well z to !           
inhabitants (  ,b5gal1 ,bah>1 & ,orissa1
 9 g5]al1 t1 f ! e>lie/  times to !     
pres5t p]iod1 ! public assessm5t ^u !   
l&s has  nev] be5 fix$2 b1 t1 accord+ to
 e/abli%$ rule & cu/om1  ! rul]s ( ^!   
prov9ces h1 f "t to "t1 dem&$ an        
encrease ( assessm5t f ! proprietors (  
l&2 &1 t1 = !  purpose ( obta9+ ?is     
encrease1 n only frequ5t inve/igations  
h be5 made1 to asc]ta9 ! actual produce 
( _! e/ates1 b  t x has be5 ! practice  
to deprive !m ( ! managem5t ( _!  l&s1 &
 ei!r to let !m 9 f>m1 or to appo9t     
(fic]s on !  "p ( ,gov]nm5t1 to collect 

! assessm5ts imm$iately f !  ,ryots4 ,! 
,honorable ,c\rt ( ,directors1 consid]+ 
^! usages &  measures to be detrim5tal  
to ! prosp]ity ( ! c\ntry1 h1 )  a view 
to promote ! future ease & happ9ess ( ! 
p1  au?oriz$ ! =ego+ decl>ation2 & !    
,zem9d>s1 indep5d5t  ,talookd>s1 & o!r  
actual proprietors ( l&1 )1 or on behalf
 (1  :om a settlem5t has be5 made1 or   
may be conclud$1 are to consid]  ^!     
ord]s1 fix+ ! am\nt ( ! assessm5ts1 z   
,,irrevocable1 &  n liable to alt]ation 
by any p]sons :om ! ,c\rt ( ,directors  
may  h]eaft] appo9t to ! adm9i/ration ( 
_! affairs 9 ?is  c\ntry4    ,!         
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil tru/s t !     
proprietors ( l&s1  s5sible ( ! b5efits 
conf]r$ ^u !m1 by ! public assessm5ts   
be+ fix$ ,,= ,,ev]1 w ex]t !mselves 9 ! 
cultivation ( _!  l&s1 "u ! c]ta9ty t !y
 w enjoy exclusively ! fruits  ( _! own 
good managem5t & indu/ry1 & t no dem& w 
ev]  be made ^u !m1 _! heirs1 or        
successors1 by ! pres5t1 or any  future1
 ,gov]nm5t1 = an augm5tation ( ! public 

assessm5t1 9  consequ5ce ( ! improvem5t 
( _! respective e/ates4    ,to dis*>ge !
 rev5ues at ! /ipulat$ p]iods1 )\t delay
 or  evasion1 & to conduct !mselves )   
good fai? & mod]ation  t[>ds _! dep5dant
 ,talookd>s1 & ,ryots1 are duties at all
 times  indisp5sably requir$ f !        
proprietors ( l&2 & a /rict  obs]vance (
 ^? duties is n[1 m ?an ev]1 incumb5t ^u
 !m1  9 return = ! b5efits :i* !y       
!mselves w d]ive f !  ord]s n[ issu$4   
,! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil !re=e      
expects t ! proprietors  ( l& w n only  
act 9 ?is mann] !mselves1 t[>ds _!      
dep5dant ,talookd>s1 b also enjo9 !     
/ricte/ adh]5ce to !  same pr9ciples1 9 
! p]sons :om !y may appo9t to collect ! 
r5ts = !m4 ,he fur!r expects !y w       
regul>ly dis*>ge !  rev5ue 9 all        
seasons1 & he accord+ly notifies to !m1 
t1 9  future1 no claims1 or             
applications1 = susp5sions1 or          
remissions1 on  acc\nt ( dr\ght1        
inundation1 or o!r calamity ( season1 w 
be  att5d$ to2 b1 t1 9 ! ev5t ( any     

,zem9d>1 c41 )1 or on  behalf (1 :om a  
settlem5t has be5 made1 or may be       
conclud$1 on 8  or h] heirs1 or         
successors1 fail+ 9 ! punctual dis*>ge (
 !  public rev5ue1 :i* has be51 or may  
be1 assess$ ^u _! l&s1  "u !            
above-m5tion$ regulations1 a sale ( !   
:ole ( ! l&s  ( ! default]1 or su*      
portion ( !m z may be suffici5t to make 
good ! means1 w positively & inv>iably  
take place4                             
,,article ,,vii4      ,to prev5t any    
miscon/ruction ( ! =ego+ ,articles1 !   
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil ?9ks x        
necess>y to make ! foll[+  decl>ations  
to ! ,zem9d>s1 c4    ,fir/4 ,x be+ !    
duty ( ! rul+ p[] to protect all classes
 (  p1 & m p>ticul>ly ^? :o1 f          
situation1 are mo/  helpless1 !         
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil w1 :5ev] he   
may deem x  prop]1 enact su* regulations
 z he may ?9k necess>y = !  protection &
 welf>e ( ! dep5dant ,talookd>s1 ,ryots1
 & o!r  cultivators ( ! soil2 & no      
,zem9d>1 c4 %all be entitl$1 on ?is     

acc\nt1 to make any objection to !      
dis*>ge ( ! fix$ assessm5t  :i* !y h    
respectively agre$ to pay4    ,second4  
,! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil hav+1 on ! 
#bh? day (  ,july1 #agij1 direct$ !     
,say] ,collections to be aboli%$1 a full
  comp5sation 0 grant$ to ! proprietors 
( l&1 = ! loss (  rev5ue su/a9$ by !m 9 
consequ5ce ( t abolition2 & he n[       
decl>es1 t1 if he %\ld h]eaft] ?9k x    
prop] to re-e/abli%  ! ,say]            
,collections1 or any o!r int]nal duties1
 & to appo9t  (fic]s on ! "p ( ,gov]nm5t
 to collect !m1 no proprietor (  l& w be
 admitt$ to any p>ticipation !re(1 or be
 entitl$ to  make any claim = remissions
 on t acc\nt4    ,?ird4 ,!              
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil w impose su*  
assessm5ts z  he may deem equitable1 on 
all l&s at pres5t ali5at$1 & pay+ no    
public rev5ue1 :i* h be51 or may be1    
prov$ to be held "u  illegal1 or invalid
 titles4 ,! assessm5t s impos$ w belong 
to  ,gov]nm5t1 & no proprietor ( l& w be
 entitl$ to any "p (  x4    ,f\r?4 ,!   

jumma ( ^? ,zem9d>s1 c41 :i* is decl>$  
fix$1 9 ! =ego+ articles1 is to be      
consid]$ unconnect$  )1 & exclusive (1  
any all[ances :i* h be5 made to !m  9 ! 
adju/m5t ( _! jumma = keep+ up tannahs1 
or  police-e/abli%m5ts1 & also ( !      
produce ( any l&s :i*  !y may h be5     
p]mitt$ to appropriate = ! same purpose3
  & ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil res]ves 
to himself ! option  ( resum+ ! :ole1 or
 "p1 ( su* all[ances1 or produce (  su* 
l&s1 accord+ z he may ?9k prop]1 9      
consequ5ce ( 8  hav+ exon]at$ !         
proprietors ( l& f ! *>ge ( keep+  !    
peace1 & appo9t$ (fic]s1 on ! "p (      
,gov]nm5t1 to  sup]9t5d ! police ( !    
c\ntry4    ,! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil1
 h[ev]1 decl>es t ! all[ances1  or !    
produce ( l&s1 :i* may be s resum$1 w be
 appropriat$  to no o!r purpose b t (   
defray+ ! exp5ce ( ! police1 &  t       
in/ructions w be s5t to ! collectors n  
to add su*  all[ance1 nor ! produce (   
su* l&s1 to ! jumma ( !  proprietors (  
l&1 b to collect ! am\nt f !m sep>ately4

    ,fif?4 ,no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is          
,proclamation %all be con/ru$ to  r5d] !
 l&s ( ! sev]al descriptions (          
disqualifi$  proprietors1 specifi$ 9 !  
fir/ article ( ! regulations1  reg>d+   
disqualifi$ l&-hold]s1 pass$ on ! #ae?  
day ( ,july1  #agia1 liable to sale =   
any arre>s :i* may accrue on ! fix$     
jumma  t has be51 or may be1 assess$ ^u 
_! l&s "u ! above  m5tion$ regulations =
 ! dec5nial settlem5t1 provid$ t su*    
arre>s h accru$1 or may accrue1 dur+ !  
"t t !y h  be51 or may be1 dispossess$ (
 ! managem5t ( _! l&s "u !  said        
regulations ( ,july ! #ae?1 #agia4    ,x
 is to be und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t1 :5ev] all1
 or any1 ( !  descriptions ( disqualifi$
 l&-hold]s specifi$ 9 ! fir/ article  ( 
! la/ m5tion$ regulations1 %all be      
p]mitt$ to assume1 or to  reta91 !      
managem5t ( _! l&s1 9 consequ5ce ( !    
gr\nd (  _! disqualification no long]   
exi/+1 or ( ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9  ,c\ncil
 disp5s+ )1 alt]+1 or aboli%+1 ^?       
regulations1 !  l&s ( su* proprietors w 

be held responsible = ! paym5t (  ! fix$
 jumma t has be51 or may be1 assess$    
!reon1 f !  "t t ! managem5t may devolve
 ^u !m1 9 ! same mann] z  ! l&s ( all   
actual proprietors ( l& :o are decl>$   
qualifi$  = ! managem5t ( _! e/ates2 &  
also ( all actual proprietors  :o are   
unqualifi$ = su* managem5t1 by natural1 
or o!r1  disabilities1 b d n come )9 !  
description ( unqualifi$  l&-hold]s     
specifi$ 9 ! fir/ article ( !           
regulations ( ,july  ! #ae?1 #agia1 are1
 & w be1 held answ]able = any arre>s t  
are1 or may become1 due f !m on ! fix$  
jumma1 :i* !y1 or any  p]sons on _!     
behalf1 h engag$1 or may engage1 to pay 
"u !  above m5tion$ regulations1 = !    
dec5nial settlem5t4                     
,,article ,,viii4      ,t no d\bt may be
 ent]ta9$ :e!r proprietors ( l& are     
entitl$1 "u ! exi/+ regulations1 to     
dispose ( _! e/ates1  )\t ! previ\s     
sanction ( ,gov]nm5t1 ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 
9  ,c\ncil notifies to ! ,zem9d>s1 c41 t
 !y are privileg$ to  transf] to        

:omsoev] !y may ?9k prop]1 by sale1     
gift1 or  o!rwise1 _! propriet>y rights 
9 ! :ole1 or any portion1 (  _!         
respective e/ates1 )\t apply+ to        
,gov]nm5t = its  sanction to ! transf]2 
&1 t all su* transf]s w be held  valid1 
provid$ !y be con=mable to ! ,mahom$an1 
or to ! ,h9du1  ,laws1 accord+ z !      
religi\s p]suasions ( ! p>ties to ea*   
transaction may r5d] ! validity ( x     
det]m9able by ! =m]1 or  ! latt]1 code1 
& t !y be n repugnant to any regulations
 n[  9 =ce1 :i* may h be5 pass$ by !    
,briti% adm9i/ration1 or  to any        
regulations t !y may enact h]eaft]4,b   
,footnote ,b3      ,"h appe>s a wide    
field = innovation6                     
,,article ,,ix4      ,f ! limitation ( !
 public dem& ^u ! l&s1 ! net income1  &1
 consequ5tly1 ! value 7indep5d5t (      
encrease obta9able by  improvem5ts7 (   
any l&$ prop]ty1 = ! assessm5ts on :i* a
  di/9ct engagem5t has be51 or may be1  
ent]$ into betwe5 ,gov]nm5t  & !        
proprietor1 or t may be sep>ately       

assess$1 al?\gh  includ$ 9 "o engagem5t 
) o!r e/ates belong+ to ! same          
proprietor1 & :i* may be (f]$ = public  
or private sale entire1  w always be    
asc]ta9able by a comp>ison ( ! am\nt ( !
 fix$  jumma assess$ ^u x1 7:i*1        
agreeably to ! =ego+ decl>ations1  is to
 rema9 unalt]able ,,= ,,ev]1 to :omsoev]
 ! prop]ty may be  transf]r$17 ) ! :ole 
( its produce1 all[+ = ! *>ges (        
managem5t4    ,b x is also ess5tial1 t a
 notification %\ld be made ( !          
pr9ciples ^u :i* ! fix$ assessm5t *>g$  
^u any su* e/ate  w be apportion$ on !  
sev]al divisions ( x1 9 ! ev5t ( !  :ole
 ( x be+ transf]r$1 by public or private
 sale1 or o!rwise1  9 two or m lots1 or 
( a portion ( x be+ transf]r$1 9 "o1 or 
two1 or m lots1 or ( its be+ jo9t       
prop]ty1 & a division ( x  be+ made     
among/ ! proprietors2 o!rwise1 f ! want 
( a  decl>$ rule = e/imat+ ! proportion 
( ! fix$ jumma1 )  :i* ! sev]al %>es    
w\ld be *>geable 9 su* cases1 ! real    
value ( ea* %>e w\ld be unc]ta91 &1     

consequ5tly1 ! b5efits  expect$ to      
result1 f fix+ ! public assessm5t ^u !  
l&s1  w\ld be b p>tially obta9$4    ,!  
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil has1          
accord+ly1 prescrib$ !  foll[+ rules =  
apportion+ ! fix$ assessm5t 9 ! sev]al  
cases above m5tion$2 b1 z ,gov]nm5t     
might su/a9 a consid]able  loss ( rev5ue
 by disproportionate lots ( ! assessm5t1
 7 !  apportion+ ( x1 9 any ( ! cases   
above specifi$1 left to !  proprietors1 
he requires1 t all su* transf]s1 or     
divisions1 z may  be made by ! private  
act ( ! p>ties !mselves1 be notifi$ to !
  collector ( ! rev5ue ( t zillah 9 :i* 
! l&s may be  situat$1 or to su* o!r    
(fic] z ,gov]nm5t may1 9 future1        
prescribe1 9 ord] t ! fix$ jumma assess$
 ^u ! :ole e/ate  maybe apportion$ on ! 
sev]al %>es1 9 ! mann] h]eaft]  direct$2
 & t ! names ( ! proprietors ( ea* %>e1 
& !  jumma *>g$ !reon1 may be ent]$ ^u !
 public regi/]s2 &  t sep>ate           
engagem5ts1 = ! paym5t ( ! jumma assess$
 ^u  ea* %>e1 may be execut$ by !       

proprietors1 :o w !nce=w>d  be consid]$ 
z actual proprietors ( l&4    ,& !      
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil decl>es1 t1 if
 ! p>ties to  su* transf]s or divisions 
%all omit to notify !m to ! collector  (
 ! rev5ue ( ! zillah1 or su* o!r (fic] z
 may be h]eaft]  prescrib$1 = ! purposes
 be=e m5tion$1 ! :ole ( su* e/ate  w be 
held responsible to ,gov]nm5t = !       
dis*>ge ( ! fix$  jumma assess$ ^u x1 9 
! same mann] z if no su* transf] or     
division _h tak5 place4    ,!           
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil ?9ks x        
necess>y fur!r to notify1  9 elucidation
 ( ! decl>ations conta9$ 9 ?is article1 
7:i* are  con=mable to ! pr9ciples ( !  
exi/+ regulations17 t if any  ,zem9d>1  
c41 %all dispose ( a portion ( 81 or h]1
 l&s1 z a  dep5d5t ,talook1 ! jumma :i* 
may be /ipulat$ to be paid by !  dep5d5t
 ,talook1 w n be ent]$ ^u ! records (   
,gov]nm5t1  nor w ! transf] exempt su*  
l&s f be+ answ]able1 9 common  ) !      
rema9d] ( ! e/ate1 = ! paym5t ( ! public
 rev5ue  assess$ ^u ! :ole ( x1 9 ! ev5t

 ( ! proprietor1 or 81  or h]1          
successors1 fall+ 9 arre> f any cause   
:atev]2 nor w  x be all[$1 9 any case1  
to affect ! rights1 or claims1 (        
,gov]nm5t1 any m ?an if x _h nev] tak5  
place4    ,fir/4 ,9 ! ev5t ( ! :ole ( ! 
l&s ( a ,zem9d>1 c41  )1 or on behalf (1
 :om a settlem5t has be51 or may be1    
conclud$  "u ! regulations above        
m5tion$1 be+ expos$ to public sale1 by  
! ord] ( ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil1 = 
! dis*>ge (  arre>s ( assessm5t1 or 9   
consequ5ce ( ! decision ( a c\rt (      
ju/ice1 9 two or m lots1 ! assessm5t ^u 
ea* lot %all be  fix$ at an am\nt :i*   
%all be> ! same proportion to its actual
  produce1 z ! fix$ assessm5t ^u ! :ole 
( ! l&s sold may  be> to _! actual      
produce4 ,?is produce %all be asc]ta9$ 9
 !  mode t is1 or may be1 prescrib$ by !
 exi/+ regulations1 or su*  o!r         
regulations z ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9       
,c\ncil may1 h]eaft]1  adopt2 & !       
pur*as]1 or pur*as]s1 ( su* l&s1 & 81 or
  _!1 heirs1 & lawful successors1 %all  

hold !m at ! jumma at  :i* !y may be s  
pur*as$1 ,,= ,,ev]4    ,second4 ,:5 a   
portion ( ! l&s ( a ,zem9d>1 c41 )1 or  
on  behalf (1 :om a settlem5t has be51  
or may be1 conclud$ "u !  above         
regulations1 %all be expos$ to public   
sale1 by ord] ( !  ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9    
,c\ncil1 = ! liquidation ( arre>s (     
assessm5t1 or pursuant to ! decision ( a
 c\rt ( ju/ice1 !  assessm5t ^u su* l&s1
 if dispos$ ( 9 "o lot1 %all be fix$ at 
an am\nt :i* %all be> ! same proportion 
to _! actual produce1  z ! fix$         
assessm5t ^u ! :ole ( ! l&s ( su*       
proprietors1  includ+ ^? dispos$ (1 may 
be> to ! :ole ( _! actual  produce4     
,if ! l&s sold %all be dispos$ ( 9 two1 
or m1 lots1 !  assessm5t ^u ea* lot %all
 be fix$ at an am\nt :i* %all be>  !    
same proportion to its actual produce1 z
 ! fix$ assessm5t ^u  ! :ole ( ! l&s (  
su* proprietor1 includ+ ^? sold1 may    
be> to ! am\nt ( _! actual produce4 ,!  
actual produce ( !  :ole ( ! l&s ( su*  
proprietor1 :e!r ! portion ( !m :i*  may

 be sold be dispos$ ( 9 "o1 or 9 two1 or
 9 m1 lots1 %all be  asc]ta9$ 9 ! mode t
 is1 or may be1 prescrib$ by ! exi/+    
regulations1 or su* o!r regulations z ! 
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9  ,c\ncil may h]eaft]  
enact1 & ! pur*as]1 or pur*as]s1 ( su*  
l&s1 & 81 or h]1 or _!1 heirs1 &        
successors1 w be all[$  to hold !m at ! 
jumma at :i* !y may be s pur*as$1 ,,=   
,,ev]2  & ! rema9d] ( ! public jumma1   
:i* w consequ5tly be  payable by ! =m]  
proprietor ( ! :ole e/ate1 on acc\nt ( !
  portion ( x t may be left 9 81 or h]1 
possession1 w cont9ue  unalt]able ,,=   
,,ev]4    ,?ird4 ,:5 a ,zem9d>1 c41 )1  
or on behalf (1 :om a settlem5t  has1 or
 may be1 made1 %all transf] ! :ole ( 81 
or h]1 e/ate1  9 two1 or m1 di/9ct      
portions1 to two1 or m1 p]sons1 or a    
portion !re( to "o p]son1 or to two1 or 
m1 p]sons 9 jo9t  prop]ty1 by private   
sale1 gift1 or o!rwise1 ! assessm5t ^u  
ea*  di/9ct portion ( su* e/ate1 s      
transf]r$1 %all be fix$ at an  am\nt :i*
 %all be> ! same proportion to its      

actual produce1 z  ! assessm5t on ! :ole
 e/ate ( ! transf]r+ proprietor1 (  :i* 
! :ole1 or a portion1 nay be s          
transf]r$1 may be> to !  :ole ( its     
actual produce4 ,?is produce %all be    
asc]ta9$ 9 !  mode t is1 or may be1     
prescrib$ by ! exi/+ regulations1 or su*
  o!r regulations z ,gov]nm5t may       
h]eaft] adopt2 & ! p]son1 or  p]sons1 to
 :om su* l&s may be transf]r$1 & 81 or  
h]1 or  _!1 heirs1 & lawful successors1 
%all hold !m at ! jumma at  :i* !y 7 s  
transf]r$1 ,,= ,,ev]2 & 7:]e only a     
portion (  su* e/ate %all be transf]r$7 
! rema9d] ( ! public jumma1  :i* w      
consequ5tly be payable by ! =m]         
proprietor ( ! :ole  e/ate1 on acc\nt ( 
! l&s t may rema9 9 81 or h]1           
possession1 %all be cont9u$ unalt]able  
,,= ,,ev]4    ,f\r?4 ,:5ev] a division  
%all be made ( l&s1 ! settlem5t (  :i*  
has be51 or may be1 conclud$ )1 or on   
behalf (1 !  proprietor1 or proprietors1
 & t are1 or may become1 ! jo9t  prop]ty
 ( two1 or m1 p]sons1 ! assessm5t ^u ea*

 %>e %all  be fix$ at an am\nt :i* %all 
be> ! same proportion to its actual     
produce1 z ! fix$ jumma1 assess$ ^u !   
:ole ( ! e/ate  divid$1 may be> to !    
:ole ( its actual produce4 ,?is produce 
%all  be asc]ta9$ 9 ! mode t is1 or may 
be1 prescrib$ by !  exi/+ regulations1  
or su* o!r regulations z !              
,gov]nor-,g5]al  9 ,c\ncil may h]eaft]  
adopt2 & ! %>]s1 & _! heirs1 &  lawful  
successors1 %all hold _! respective     
%>es1 at ! jumma at  :i* !y may be      
assess$1 ,,= ,,ev]4                     
,,article ,x4      ,! foll[+ rules are  
prescrib$ respect+ ! adju/m5t ( !       
assessm5t on ! l&s ( ,zem9d>s1 c41 ^:   
f>ms are1 or may be1  held k'has1 or let
 9 f>m1 9 ! ev5t ( _! be+ dispos$ ( by  
public sale1 or transf]r$ by any private
 act ( ! proprietor1 or (  _! be+ jo9t  
prop]ty1 & a division ( !m tak+ place   
among  ! proprietors4    ,fir/4 ,if !   
:ole1 or a portion1 ( ! l&s ( a ,zem9d>1
 c41  :o may n h agre$ to ! assessm5t   
propos$ to him1 or h]1 "u  ! regulations

 above m5tion$1 & ^: l&s are1 or may be1
 held  k'has1 or let 9 f>m1 %all be     
expos$ to public sale1 9 "o1 or  two1 or
 m1 lots1 pursuant to ! decree ( a c\rt 
( ju/ice1 su*  l&s1 if k'has1 %all be   
dispos$ ( at :atev] assessm5t !         
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil may deem      
equitable1 & ! pur*as]1 or  pur*as]s1 ( 
su* l&s1 & 81 or h]1 or _!1 lawful      
successors1  or heirs1 %all hold ! l& at
 ! assessm5t at :i* !y may be s         
pur*as$1 ,,= ,,ev]4    ,if ! l&s1 at !  
"t ( _! be+ expos$ = sale1 %all be held 
9 f>m1 & %all be put up 9 "o1 or two1 or
 m1 lots1 !y %all  be dispos$ ( "u !    
foll[+ conditions4 ,! pur*as]1 or       
pur*as]s1 %all receive dur+ ! unexpir$  
"p ( ! t]m ( !  lease ( ! f>m]1 :atev]  
su* proprietor %all h be5 entitl$  to   
receive 9 virtue ( 81 or h]1 propriet>y 
rights1 on acc\nt (  ! l&s s pur*as$1 & 
su* pur*as]1 or pur*as]s1 %all engage   
to pay1 at ! expiration ( ! lease ( !   
f>m]s1 su* assessm5t  on acc\nt ( ! l&s 
z ,gov]nm5t may deem equitable4 ,! sum  

to be  receiv$ by ! pur*as]1 or         
pur*as]s1 dur+ ! unexpir$ "p (  ! t]m ( 
! lease ( ! f>m]1 & ! jumma to be paid  
by su*  pur*as]1 or pur*as]s1 aft] !    
expiration ( ! lease1 %all be  specifi$ 
at ! "t ( sale1 & su* pur*as]1 or       
pur*as]s1 &  81 or h]1 or _!1 heirs1 &  
lawful successors1 %all be all[$ to     
hold ! l&s1 at ! assessm5t at :i* !y may
 be s pur*as$1 ,,=  ,,ev]4    ,second4  
,if a ,zem9d>1 c41 ^: l&s are1 or may   
be1 held k'has1  or let 9 f>m1 %all     
transf] by private sale1 gift1 or       
o!rwise1 !  :ole1 or a portion1 ( 81 or 
h]1 l&s1 9 "o1 or two1 or m1  lots1 !   
p]son1 or p]sons1 to :om ! l&s may be s 
transf]r$1  %all be entitl$ to receive f
 ,gov]nm5t1 7if ! l&s are held  k'has17 
or f ! f>m]1 7if ! l&s are let 9 f>m17 !
  mali-connah to :i* ! =m] proprietor 0 
entitl$1 on acc\nt (  ! l&s s transf]r$4
 ,! pur*as]1 or pur*as]s1 ( su* l&s  w  
/& 9 ! same pr$icam5t z ! ,zem9d>s1 c41 
m5tion$ 9  ! f\r? article1 ^: l&s are   
held k'has1 or h be5 let 9  f>m1 9      

consequ5ce ( _! refus+ to pay !         
assessm5t requir$ (  !m "u ! be=e       
m5tion$ regulations = ! dec5nial        
settlem5t1 & ! decl>ations conta9$ 9 t  
article are to be  held applicable to   
!m4    ,?ird4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a division be+
 made 9 l&s t are1 or may  become1 !    
jo9t prop]ty ( two1 or m1 p]sons1 & :i* 
are1 or  may be1 held k'has1 or be let 9
 f>m1 ! proprietors ( ! sev]al  %>es w  
/& 9 ! same pr$icam5t1 ) reg>d to _!    
respective %>es1 z ! ,zem9d>s1 c41      
specifi$ 9 ! f\r?  article1 ^: l&s h be5
 let 9 f>m1 or are held k'has1 9        
consequ5ce ( _! hav+ refus$ to pay !    
assessm5t requir$ (  !m "u ! be=e       
m5tion$ regulations ( ! dec5nial        
settlem5t1  & ! decl>ations conta9$ 9 t 
article are to be consid]$  applicable  
to !m4                                  
,,article ,,xi4      ,! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 
9 ,c\ncil avails himself ( ?is          
opportunity to  notify to ! ,zem9d>s1   
c41 z well z to all o!r description (   
p]sons1 t x is 8 int5tion =?) to e/abli%

 ,c\rts (  ,ju/ice ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 ^u 
su* pr9ciples z w put x out  ( ! p[] (  
individuals to injure ea* o!r )         
impunity1 &  prev5t ! (fic]s ( ,gov]nm5t
 f infr++ ! rights &  prop]ty ( any ( ! 
inhabitants ( ^! prov9ces1 by ensur+ a  
spe$y & imp>tial adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9
 all cases :atev]4    ,dat$ at          
,=t-,william1 ! #bbnd day ( ,m>*1 #agic1
 correspond+ )      ! #ab? day ( ,*eyte1
 #aaii1 ( ! ,b5gal ra1 & ! #i? day (    
,%abaun1 #abjg1 ,hig]ee4      ,9 ord] to
 compreh5d ! =ego+ m fully1 x is prop]  
to /ate1  t :5 ! mocurr]y 7or p]petual7 
sy/em ( rev5ue 0  orig9ally propos$1 !  
,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil 7,m>quis      
,cornwallis7 notifi$1 t x w\ld be tri$1 
9 ! fir/ in/ance1 =  t5 ye>s only2 :5ce 
! t]m #8dec5nial settlem5t4' ,b1 :e!r  f
 an e>ly conviction ( its excell5ce1 or 
t ! ,m>quis felt  anxi\s to ensure to ! 
natives1 &1 z he appreh5d$1 to !        
,company  also1 ^? imm5se b5efits       
att5dant ^u a f9al adju/m5t ( s         
mom5t\s1 & s ext5sive a conc]n1 we see  

t1 previ\s to 8  return to ,europe1 he  
r5d]$ ! settlem5t z p]man5t z human     
ability c\ld effect4 ,if report be true1
 ! satisfaction he  exp]i5c$1 on        
conclud+ ! settlem5t1 0 aft]w>ds greatly
  dim9i%$1 :51 on 8 re-appo9tm5t to     
,india1 he f\nd t a  ?\s& deceptions _h 
be5 practis$ by ! natives1 not)/&+  e   
endeavor to fru/rate su* litigi\s or    
deceptive int5tions2 t  ! ,company's    
f9ances _h be5 fett]$ v imprud5tly by t 
re/riction :i* preclud$ ,gov]nm5t f     
avail+ itself ( gr[+  res\rces2 & t !   
#8,zem9d>s1 indep5d5t ,talookd>s1 & o!r 
actual proprietors ( l&1' s f> f        
consid]+ !mselves to be  "u any         
obligation to ! ,company1 rais$ _! heads
 ) no little  insol5ce1 &1 9 _m         
in/ances1 ev5 compla9$ t en\gh _h n  be5
 conc$$ to !m4    ,! mo/ mortify+ fact  
01 t full "o-?ird ( ! l&$ prop]ty  )9 ! 
,company's prov9ces _h actually be5 "u !
 hamm]4 ,?is  0 an evil :i* spoke =     
itself1 & :i* no gloss1 no colors1 c\ld 
conceal4 ,t1 "u su* a gov]nm5t1 prop]ty1

 to ! am\nt (  millions ^u millions1    
%\ld become ?us expos$ to transf]1 0 a  
reflection t c\ld n fail to rankle 9 !  
m9d ( him1 :o _h  expect$ to see cont5t1
 prosp]ity1 & loyalty1 teem+ 9 e  qu>t]6
 ,nev] 0 ! vanity ( man m conspicu\sly  
display$1 or  ! mortification (         
disappo9t$ zeal m griev\sly felt4    ,! 
abrogation ( t inc]titude1 :i* n only   
subject$ !  l&-hold] to imposition1 b ! 
rev5ue to mu* defalcation1 0  assur$ly a
 mo/ s]i\s consid]ation2 b1 9 adopt+ ^? 
measures  :i* might seem to h ! mo/     
desirable t5d5cy1 x 0 necess>y  to h a  
full idea ( ! views & dispositions ( !  
p]sons on :om  ! mo/ ess5tial b5efits 7 
to be conf]r$4 ,a defici5cy (  exp]i5ce1
 or ( insight into _! true "*1 c\ld     
alone h  l$ ! ,m>quis into an error1 f  
:i* ! mode ( extrication is1 ,i         
believe1 among ! mo/ press+ desid]ata ( 
! ,briti% gov]nm5t4    ,mu* pa9s h be5  
tak5 to prove1 t ! zem9d>s1 c41 7 !     
legitimate proprietors ( ! soil2 b a v  
slight inspection ( !  =ms ( anci5t     

grants1 made by ! ,emp]ors ( ,h9do/an1  
mu/ satisfy  ! mo/ scrupul\s1 t no p]son
 :atev] occupi$ ! soil1 except  by      
tol]ance ( t p[] "u :i* x 0 protect$4   
,until our  acquisition ( ! ,dewany1    
7i4e4 ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! prov9ces  (      
,b5gal1 ,bah>1 & ,orissa17 no fix$      
t5ure1 beyond ! w ( !  rul+ despot1 0   
kn[n1 or ev5 claim$2 to h ass]t$ su* a  
"r1 w\ld h be5 to provoke imm$iate      
ca/igation1 & removal  f ! l&s4    ,ev5 
9 ! times ( our own gov]nors1 no        
hesitation 0 made  respect+ ! bani%m5t  
7= x virtually 0 "o7 ( ^? :o ei!r       
assum$ a decid$ claim to ! prop]ty1 or  
:o1 f :atev] cause1  :e!r rebellion1    
mis-managem5t1 or unwill+ness to pay _! 
r5ts1  fell 9 arre>s4 ,su* m5 7 always  
displac$1 & o!rs 7  appo9t$ 9 _! /ead1 z
 a m]e matt] ( c\rse4 #8,saheb ke       
koossy1' 7its ma/]'s pleasure17 0 !     
pati5t response ( !  (f5d]2 :o1 :atev]  
might be 8 feel+s1 or 8 op9ions1 felt ! 
exp$i5cy ( be+ p]fectly passive on su*  
an occasion4    ,i believe ! records w  

prove1 t ,mr4 ,ha/+s1 dur+ ! t5  ye>s he
 0 9 ! *air1 made a v free use ( ?is    
well-und]/ood  au?ority2 yet1 s f> 7 !  
natives f ?9k+ him unju/1 or  ov] sev]e1
 t1 :5 ! intellig5ce ( 8 be+ acquitt$ by
  p>liam5t1 0 receiv$ 9 ,india1 su* 0 ! 
pleasure felt by all  classes1 t        
addresses ( congratulation 7 p\r$ 9 f e 
"p  ( ! c\ntry6 ,?is 0 a complim5t t    
nev] _h be5 paid by !  natives to any ( 
our gov]nors1 ev5 :5 ab\t to return to  
,europe2 a  p]iod1 at :i* x might be    
expect$ "s adulatory addresses might1 by
  great influ5ce1 be obta9$3 no1 x 0 !  
spontane\s fl[ (  gratitude1 pity1 &    
admiration2 su* z nev] w\ld h be5       
=?-com+1 if ! ejectm5t ( a zem9d> f 8   
soil _h be5  consid]$ z ! expulsion f an
 h]$it>y or e/abli%$ "r1  r ?an z !     
removal ( t5ants-at-w4    ,x c]ta9ly mu/
 appe> curi\s1 t we receive             
elev5-sixte5?s (  ! produce ( ! soil f  
its proprietors6 ,su* is1 inde$1 !      
case1 tak+ all ^u an av]age4 ,!         
peasantry1 9 a numb] (  in/ances1 pay m2

 especially :]e middle-m5 7a class ( p  
by  no means sc>ce 9 ,india7 are        
conc]n$4 ,^! are ! same h>pies all  ov] 
! _w2 nev] fail+ to r$uce ! indu/ri\s to
 di/ress1 &  to seize ^u ! all ( ^? mo/ 
un=tunate be+s1 :om want (  exp]i5ce1 or
 ( int]e/1 may place at _! m]cy6    ,!  
old sy/em ( f>m+ out ! c\ntry to        
p>ticul> p]sons1 _m (  :om r5t$ ( !     
,company to ! am\nt ( fifty lacs1       
7upw>ds (  #fjj1jjj417 0 productive ( ! 
greate/ evils ) :i* an  indu/ri\s1 b    
indig5t1 population c\ld h to cont5d6   
,"u t  mode1 x 0 impossible = ,gov]nm5t 
to make c]ta9 ( its r5ts1  :i* 7 g5]ally
 remitt$ 9 "p to ! great f>m]s1 le/ !y  
%\ld1 9 bad seasons1 oppress ! ,ryots1 &
 drive !m ei!r to  despair1 or out ( !  
c\ntry4 ,?is 0 int5d$ z an act (        
g5]osity on ! "p ( ,gov]nm5t1 :i* _h n !
 means (  en=c+ arre>s1 o!rwise ?an by !
 sale ( a f>m]-g5]al's  prop]ty1 :5ce b 
a small portion c\ld be expect$ to      
result2 b1  unhappily1 no alleviation ( 
consequ5ce 0 ext5d$ to ! real           

agriculturi/2 :o1 be+ subject to a v    
summ>y process1 0 (t5  compell$ to      
embrace ru91 r ?an to suff] all !       
p5alties  inflict$ by an av>ici\s &     
obdurate cr$itor4    ,t su* %\ld h be5 !
 case "u ! imm$iate eye (  ,gov]nm5t1   
may excite mu* surprize2 b x mu/ be     
consid]$1 t1  "u ! f>m+ sy/em1 ! lea/   
int]f]5ce w\ld h in/antly  be5 ! signal 
= univ]sal clamor1 & t x w\ld h prov$   
beyond ! p[] ( all ! civil s]vants1     
?r\gh\t ! ,company's  t]ritories1 to h  
ev5 regi/]$1 mu* less to h he>d1 &      
settl$1 all ! ref]5ces :i* w\ld h be5   
made4    ,?is difficulty c\ld n fail to 
be greatly augm5t$1 by ! extreme        
defici5cy !n exi/+ ( ,company's s]vants 
9 e "p ( ,india2  =1 9 ea* ( ! zillahs1 
or di/ricts1 only a collector1 ) an     
assi/ant1 p]haps1 0 /ation$4 ,9 "o      
in/ance1 ,i recollect pass+  by a civil 
/ation1 :5 m>*+ f "o prov9ce to ano!r1  
:5 !  resid5t-surgeon 0 "u ! necessity (
 reque/+ an (fic] ( our  corps to aid   
him 9 exam9+ ! acc\nts ( ! factory1 :i* 

he _h  be5 oblig$ to make out2 !        
presid5t & 8 assi/ant be+ bo?  abs5t on 
public bus9ess4 ,?is occurr5ce af=d$ n  
only mu*  amusem5t1 b a wide scope =    
obs]vation reg>d+ ! paucity (           
,europeans employ$ at ! out-/ations4    
,9 ^? days1 ! collector _h abundance (  
duty to p]=m2 = he  0 n simply to settle
 all acc\nts respect+ ! rev5ue1 &1 9  "s
 in/ances1 ( manufactures provid$ = !   
,company's homew>d  c>goes1 b ! :ole ( !
 crim9al1 z well z ( ! civil1 code (    
ju/ice1 7 "u 8 control3 :atev] petty    
(f5ces 7 committ$1  or :atev] disputes  
arose among ! inhabitants1 became       
equally 8  prov9ce to enquire into4     
,=tunately1 ! banian1 or dewan1         
employ$1 us$ to take a v consid]able    
portion ( su* toil (f  ma/]'s h&s1 & to 
prev5t1 by a k9d ( petty adaulut1 or    
tribunal1 held 9 "s corn] ( ! (fice1 or 
p]haps at 8 own  h\se1 ?\s&s ( ref]5ces 
to 8 pr9cipal4 ,! *ief r5t] ( !  zillah 
be+ (t5 employ$ z banian to ! collector1
 x is easy  to imag9e to :i* side       

ju/ice1 z x 0 call$1 us$ to incl9e4     
,)9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 ! numb] ( s]vants 
employ$ by !  ,company has be5 greatly  
augm5t$2 n only on acc\nt ( _!  ext5sion
 ( t]ritory1 b1 9 consequ5ce ( !        
sep>ation1 v  judici\sly made1 ( two    
(fices1 incompatible to be held by !    
same  individual4 ,! collector is n[1   
except 9 a v few zillahs ( less  note1  
conf9$ to ! collection ( ! rev5ues1 hav+
 "u him "o  or m assi/ants1 accord+ to !
 ext5t ( 8 di/rict4    ,! :ole ( !      
judicial proce$+s are "u cognizance ( a 
judge1  :o1 aid$ by 8 regi/]1 decides   
civil causes betwe5 p>ties  resid+ )9 8 
jurisdiction2 :ile ! crim9al catalogue  
is h&$  ov] to a c\rt compos$ ( natives 
v]s$ 9 ! ,mahom$an & ,h9du  laws1 ?\gh !
 =m] are1 g5]ally1 ! guide4 ,^! native  
judges  are sup]9t5d$ 9 _! proce$+s by  
?ree ( ! ,company's  s]vants ( long /&+1
 hav+ likewise "u !m a secret>y1 or     
regi/]4    ,su* tribunals are e/abli%$ 9
 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1  p>ticul>ly at  
,calcutta1 ,moor%adabad1 ,dacca1 ,patna1

 ,b5>es1 & 9  ! ,c$$ ,prov9ces1 "u !    
designation ( ,prov9cial ,c\rts (       
,appeal & ,circuit4 ,!re are1 besides1  
judges1 ea* hav+ a regi/]  & an         
assi/ant1 /ation$ at ,b5>es1            
,moor%adabad1 ,patna1 & ,dacca1  = !    
especial purpose ( adm9i/]+ ju/ice1 & = 
!  correction ( abuses )9 ^? cities     
respectively4    ,! /ations ( ! zillah  
c\rts1 & ( ! collectors1 are z  foll[3--
           ,agra1               ,dacca1 
,nuddeah1         ,allahabad1           
,d9apore1           ,purneah1           
,ally-,ghur1          ,etayah1          
,raje%aye1         ,back]gunge1         
,furruckabad1        ,ramghur1          
,b>eilly1           ,gorackpore1        
,rungpore1         ,bah>1               
,hoogly1             ,sahacunpore1      
,b5>es1            ,jessore1            
,s>un1         ,be]boom1                
,juanpore1           ,%ahabad1          
,boglepore1          ,me]at1            
,sylhet1         ,burdwan1              
,mirzapore1          ,tipp]ah1          

,cawnpore1           ,mom5s+1           
,tirhoot1         ,*ittagong1           
,moor%adabad1       ,tw5ty-f\r          
,p]gunnahs4         ,cuttack1           
,moradabad1                ,! /ations ( 
! comm]cial resid5ts1 ^: duty is        
entirely  conf9$ to ! provid+ (         
inve/m5ts = ! ,company's %ipp+1  are1   
,b>eilly1           ,goruckpore1        
,mauldah1         ,bauleah1             
,hurial1             ,midnapore1        
,comm]colly1        ,hurripaul1         
,patna1         ,cossimbaz>1            
,jungipore1          ,radnagore1        
,dacca1              ,ke]poy1           
,rungpore1         ,etayah1             
,luckypore &       ,santipore1          
,*ittagong1                ,golagore1   
,soonamooky4      ,collectors ( gov]nm5t
 cu/oms1 mo/ ( :om are also collectors (
  t[n duties1 are /ation$ at            
,b5>es1            ,dacca1              
,moor%adabad1       ,calcutta1          
,furruckabad1          & ,patna4        
,cawnpore1           ,hoogly1           

,! diplomatic resid5ts are z foll[3--at 
,delhi4     ,! ,c\rt ( ! ,emp]or4       
,hyd]abad4 ,! ,c\rt ( ! ,nizam4         
,luckn[4   ,! ,c\rt ( ! ,nabob ,vizi] ( 
,oude4             ,mysore4    ,! ,c\rt 
( ! ,rajah1 7late ,tippoo's             
c\ntry47             ,nagpore4   ,!     
,c\rt ( ! ,b]> ,mah>rattahs4            
,poonah4    ,! ,c\rt ( ! ,pei%wa1 & )   
,d[lut ,r[ ,sc9deah1 "o ( ! ,*iefs      
( ! ,mah>rattah ,league4      ,!        
diff]5ce t has be5 made by ! conduct ( !
 ,briti%  gov]nm5t1 9 ! suppression ( an
 imm5se numb] ( f>m]s on !  l>ge scale1 
& ( middle-m5 t aga9 /ood betwe5 ^?     
f>m]s  & ! peasants1 has be5 imm5se4 ,9 
_m places1 ! l&s are n[ 9  ! possession 
( an indu/ri\s population1 hold+ !m f ! 
r5t]s1 or1 if ,i may use ! t]m1 f !     
proprietors ( villages &  small talooks1
 consi/+ (1 p]haps1 ?ree or f\r ?\s&    
bigahs3 ! rev5ues are ?us r5d]$ f> m    
easy ( collection1  &1 consequ5tly1 m   
c]ta92 because x is n[ ! int]e/ ( e     
hone/ r5t] to be =?-com+ ) 8 r5ts at !  

(fice ( !  collector1 at ! sev]al p]iods
 :5 !y %\ld be paid4    ,^? p]iods are n
 equi-di/ant1 z 9 ,engl&2 b are g5]ally 
settl$ 9 su* mann] z may be conv5i5t to 
! t5ants1 accord+ z  _! sev]al crops may
 be reasonably expect$ to become        
m>ketable4 ,!  division is by a c]ta9   
numb] ( annas1 or sixte5?s1 9 ea* rupee1
  be+ payable at p>ticul> seasons2      
all[ance be+ made = !  diff]5t species (
 gra91 c41 cultivat$4 ,!re be+ no h>ve/ 
(  gra9 f ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb] to !      
beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 !  collections g5]ally   
fall light 9 ! int]m$iate mon?s1 b1 ab\t
  ,april & ,may1 a l>ge portion usually 
becomes payable1 & aga91 9  ,b5gal1 aft]
 ! rice is h>ve/$3 b1 on ! :ole1 ! r5t  
may be  commonly tak5 at f\r in/alm5ts1 
two ( :i* are consid]able1 &  two (     
small] portions ( ! rupee4    ,! heavy  
ki/s1 or collections1 ( ,b5gal1 are f   
,augu/ to  ,janu>y1 9 ! proportion (    
two-?irds ( ! :ole r5t2 ! great  crops 9
 t qu>t] be+ cut aft] ! ra9s4 ,! gruff  
ki/s1  :i* include ! rubbee1 or small   

h>ve/ ( :ite-corn1 sug>1 c41  come 9    
betwe5 ,janu>y & ! beg9n+ ( ,may4 ,!    
fruits1 fi%1 c41  f ,april to ,july4 ,9 
,b5gal1 ! ye> beg9s 9 ,april2 9 ,bah>1 x
  beg9s 9 ,septemb]4 ,all ! collections 
are made 9 money4 ,mr4 ,grant1  =m]ly   
collector ( ,bhauglepore1 has publi%$ a 
small tract on !  subject ( ! rev5ues1  
:i* ,i /rongly recomm5d to my read]s3 ! 
"w is1 ,i believe1 r>ely to be obta9$2  
!re=e1 a new edition  seems to be l\dly 
dem&$4    ,x is to be fe>$1 t1 h[ev]    
b5eficial ! exi/+ sy/em may be1  &1     
h[ev] equitable ! arrangem5ts made "u ! 
,mocurr]y  settlem5t h prov$ !mselves1  
/ill ! ,company are n likely to  be     
b5efitt$ 9 proportion to ! assiduity !y 
h display$1 or to  ! t5d]ness ) :i* !   
rights ( _! subjects h be5  reg>d$4     
,?is1 h[ev]1 is to be said2 t1 accord+ z
 ! ent]prize (  individuals may1 by     
degrees1 give additional value to !     
soil1 by an  imm5se encrease (          
exportation1 f v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ( 
a  million ( commodities1 :i*1 until    

latt]ly1 7 ei!r unkn[n1 or  unhe$$1 s w 
! duties collect$ at ! sev]al *okies1   
7cu/om-h\se /ations17 & at ! sev]al     
ports1 toge!r ) !  dem& = ,briti%       
manufactures1 be proportionally augm5t$4
    ,x %\ld be v g5]ally made kn[n1 t ! 
,company receive into  _! treasury all !
 realiz$ prop]ty ( p]sons demis+ 9      
,india1  "u lett]s ( adm9i/ration1 or "u
 ! acts ( executors1 duly  ackn[l$g$ &  
c]tifi$ by ! supreme c\rts ( ju/ice at !
  sev]al presid5cies4 ,?is effectually  
secures ! int]e/ p]sons 9  ,europe may h
 9 ! e/ates ( fri5ds1 c41 dy+ 9 ,india3 
s  rigidly is ?is obs]v$1 t ! relatives 
( any private soldi] may  fully asc]ta9 
h[ 8 prop]ty1 if any1 has be5 dispos$ (1
 &  receive :atev] sums may be =?-com+ f
 ! sale ( 8 effects1  c4    ,su* a      
measure fully gu>ds ! pr9cipal ( any sum
 left 9 !  ,company's treasury2 :ile1 at
 ! same "t1 ! mo/ pleas+ facility  is   
giv5 to individuals1 to enable !m1 or _!
 attornies1 to receive  ! int]e/1 ei!r  
at ! presid5cy1 or 9 ! mo(ussul1 7t is1 

f ! collectors17 accord+ z may be       
conv5i5t3 b su* c only  be done "u a    
specific p[] ( attorney4    ,! g5]ality 
( trad]s1 :o resort to di/ant inl&      
m>kets1 ne>  :i* to reside1 or :o1 9    
favorable situations1 become conspicu\s 
z  manufactur]s1 :e!r ( indigo1 clo?1   
sug>1 c41 h inv>iably  "s connection )  
"o or m ag5cy-h\ses at ! presid5cy2 on  
^! !y draw _! bills1 g5]ally = hypo!cat$
 c>goes1 s5t  f ! manufactory1 ei!r to  
be sold by !m1 or to be %ipp$ =         
,europe4 ,?is1 "u a pure ag5cy1 is      
unexceptionable1 provid$ ! firm  re/s on
 ! broad basis ( absolute prop]ty1 &    
does n play )  ! ca% belong+ to its less
 speculative con/itu5ts3 su* may be     
said to be m]ely ! bank]s ( ^? ^:       
consignm5ts !y receive1  & pass on to   
?is c\ntry )\t p>ticipat+ 9 ! adv5ture2 
&  conf9+ !mselves to a /ipulat$ p]     
c5tage on ! am\nts (  invoices1 accord+ 
to ! scale 9 common use4    ,ag5cy-h\ses
 are n conf9$ to ,briti% subjects2 !    
,portugueze1 !  ,arm5ians1 ! ,greeks1 & 

o!rs1 =m a portion ( sev]al firms (     
great respectability2 or1 at lea/1 ( ^? 
companies :i*1 "u  diff]5t designations1
 insure ! great] "p ( ^? vessels1 :i*   
ei!r sail f ,india to ,europe direct1 or
 t trav]se ! ,indian  seas1 accord+ to !
 /ate ( ! monsoons2 c>ry+ on a lucrative
  trade among ! sev]al ,asiatic ports4  
,x mu/ n be suppos$1 t p]sons devot+ _! 
:ole att5tion to  ! conc]n ( o!rs1 9 su*
 a climate1 :]e ! exp5ces are v  great1 
& f :i* x is an object ) mo/ adv5tur]s1 
&  speculators1 to retire ) su* a       
compet5cy z %\ld af=d "s  enjoym5ts dur+
 ! decl9e ( life1 are to be remun]at$ 9 
! same  mann] z ?\gh !y _h m]ely to     
att5d _! c\nt+-h\ses 9  ,london = a v   
few h\rs daily4 ,! ,indian ag5t mu/ keep
 a l>ge  e/abli%m5t ( sirc>s1 pod>s1 c41
 & mu/ ma9ta9 ext5sive  connections 9   
v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry3 nay1 he is (t5   
expect$  to h an ap>tm5t1 or two1 9 8   
dwell+1 devot$ to !  accommodation ( su*
 ( 8 c\ntry correspond5ts z may         
occasionally  visit ! presid5cy4        

,comb9+ all ^! circum/ances1 x w be     
evid5t1 t 8 *>ges  = commission mu/ be  
su* z1 among u1 w\ld appe> extravagantly
  high4 ,! same causes op]ate t[>ds     
rais+ ! exp5ces ( a suit 9  ! supreme   
c\rt ( judicature equally above ^? ( !  
,briti%  c\rts2 ?\gh ! latt] are c]ta9ly
 full high en\gh6    ,! t]ms ( receiv+1 
or pay+1 money1 9 ex*ange ) ,europe1    
,*9a1 or o!r p>ts1 are completely       
arbitr>y2 be+ gov]n$ solely  by ! value 
( money to any p>ticul> firm at ! "t (  
negociat+3  ,i h kn[n in/ances ( "s     
firms decl9+ to (f] m ?an two  %ill+s & 
sixp5ce = a sicca rupee1 bills be+ giv5 
payable at  six mon?s aft] sight 9      
,europe1 :ile o!rs1 ^: /ability appe>$  
equally solid1 (f]$ two %ill+s &        
n9e-p5ce = ! same  accommodation4    ,9 
po9t ( comm]ce1 ,calcutta may1 p]haps1  
be prop]ly class$ )  ,bri/ol2 mak+ ?is  
all[ance1 t :at ! =m] wants 9 ! numb]  (
 vessels employ$1 is made up by _!      
av]age tonnage be+  consid]able1 & !    
value ( _! c>goes f> sup]ior4 ,! l5g? ( 

! voyage mu/ likewise be tak5 into      
consid]ation3 a vessel may1  dur+ times 
( pr(\nd peace1 make ?ree voyages )9    
twelve mon?s1  f ,bri/ol to ,am]ica1 or 
! ,we/ ,indies1 & back aga91 & !  same  
ei!r to ! ,baltic1 or to ! ,levant2     
:]eas1 few ,indiam5 make  m ?an "o      
return to _! moor+s 9 ! ,?ames "u fifte5
  mon?s2 ! majority are out f fifte5 to 
tw5ty mon?s4    ,h5ce1 all our ,briti%  
ports appe> m cr[d$1 tak+ ! ye> r\nd1   
?an ,calcutta1 :i*1 f ,july to ,novemb]1
 or ev5 to ,janu>y1 (t5  pres5ts a =e/ (
 ma/s2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 dur+ ! re/ (  
! ye>1 only su* vessels z may be "u     
repair1 or t h lo/  _! season1 or t beat
 up ! bay aga9/ ! monsoon1 are to be    
se5 9 ! riv]4    ,i h already expla9$1  
t1 dur+ half ! ye>1 t is1 f  ab\t !     
middle ( ,m>* to ! middle ( ,septemb]1 !
 w9d is  s\!rly1 b !n gradually *anges  
to ! nor?w>d1 f :i*  qu>t] x bl[s       
regul>ly = ab\t five mon?s1 :5 x aga9   
gradually ve]s ab\t to ! s\?w>d4 ,?is   
gives "n to !  #8nor!rly & s\!rly       

monsoons2' :i* all navigators /udy to   
take  advantage (3 ! diff]5ce 9 go+ )1  
or aga9/ ! monsoon1  f ,calcutta to     
,madras1 or vice v]s1 (t5 makes !       
diff]5ce (  full five or six weeks1     
sometimes m3 ! trip be+ v commonly  made
 9 a week ) ! monsoon2 b1 aga9/ x1      
sometimes occupy+  no less ?an ?ree     
mon?s6    ,few %ips make m ?an "o trip  
betwe5 ,malab> & ,*9a1 )9 !  ye>1 on    
acc\nt ( ! monsoon2 b1 betwe5 !         
int]m$iate ports  f ,bombay to          
,calcutta1 two trips may be consid]$ !  
av]age4 ,dur+  ! w>s ) ,hyd]1 & 8 son   
,tippoo1 vessels h made f\r trips  )9 ! 
ye>1 f ,b5gal to ,madras2 b su* mu/ n be
 consid]$  a fair /&>d1 ?ree be+        
consid]$ a great ex]tion4    ,! t[n (   
,calcutta1 :i* is e/imat$ at a          
population ( a hundr$  ?\s& s\ls1 :]e( n
 m ?an "o ?\s& are ,briti%1 is  situat$ 
v advantage\sly = comm]ce4 ,! ,hoogly1  
:i* is  navigable = %ips ( a ?\s& tons1 
at lea/ ?irty-five miles above          
,calcutta1 communicates ) ! ,ganges1 by 

means ( ! ,cossimbaz>  riv]1 & has      
communications ) ! :ole ( ! ,sund]bund  
,passages1  ei!r ?r\gh ,tolley's ,canal1
 ! creek call$ ,*+rah ,nullah1 or !     
s\!rn passage1 ?r\gh ,*annel ,creek1 :i*
 is adopt$ by ! great]  "p ( ! vessels  
convey+ rice & salt f ! ,soond]bunds3 ^!
  are ( a v /\t con/ruction1 suit$ to ^?
 wide expanses ( wat]  !y h to cross 9 t
 v haz>d\s l9e ( navigation4    ,!      
av]age dep? ( wat]1 )9 a /one's ?r[ ( ! 
ea/]n bank1  on :i* ,calcutta ranges =  
sev]al miles1 7includ+ ! suburbs up to  
! ,mah>rattah ,dit*17 may be f six to   
eight fa?oms :5 ! tide  is out4 ,at     
p>ticul> places1 ! wat] deep5s v        
sudd5ly1 b1 9  mo/ p>ts1 a %elf1 ab\nd+ 
) mud1 runs out = sixty or sev5ty  y>ds1
 d[n to l[ wat] m>k1 :]e ! bank falls   
(f1 s t %ips  ( any bur!n may moor )9 a 
v few y>ds4 ,! great front ?us  giv5 to 
! t[n1 af=ds innum]able facilities to ^?
 conc]n$ 9  ! %ipp+2 especially z !     
cu/om-h\se1 :i* is on ! quay  belong+ to
 ! old =t1 /&s ne>ly c5trical1 9 respect

 to !  ,european population4    ,!      
donies1 :i* are small craft int5d$ = !  
coa/+ trade  c>ri$ on pr9cipally by     
native m]*ants1 commonly lie high] up1  
opposite ! ,*itpore m'hut1 or temple2   
!re1 9 ti]s1 mu* ! same  z ! %ipp+ 9 !  
,?ames1 ^! p>iah vessels pres5t a       
contra/  ) ! sup]b edifices "u ,briti%  
managem5t1 & at once  *>act]ize n only !
 ignorance1 b ! n>r[ m9ds ( _!  own]s4  
,few donies measure m ?an a hundr$ &    
fifty tons1 or h m  ?an two ma/s2 sloops
 are by f> mo/ common1 & ! g5]ality are 
equipp$ ) coir cordage1 z well z )      
c\ntry-made canvas4    ,! great] portion
 ( ^! vessels return ei!r 9 balla/1 aft]
  deliv]+ _! c>goes ( rice1 at v>i\s    
ports 9 ! ,nor!rn  ,sirc>s1 or p]haps 9 
! ,c>natic2 or !y import ) light c>goes1
  compos$ *iefly ( coir & c[ries1 f !   
,se*elles &  ,maldivies2 to :i* !y      
likewise1 n[ & !n1 make a bold voyage1  
at  favorable seasons1 ) small invoices 
( co>se cottons1 fit = !  use ( ^?      
isl&]s4    ,"h1 & !re1 we see a doney ) 

"s ,european on bo>d to  navigate h]2 b1
 9 g5]al1 only natives are employ$2 & ! 
,europe-%ips1 :i* arrive ) crews f _!   
respective c\ntry1 are  (t5 compell$ to 
take a portion ( lasc>s on bo>d1 = !    
purpose  ( aid+ ^? :o survive !         
pe/il5tial miasma1 to :i* !y are  s     
inconsid]ately1 or1 m prop]ly1          
inhumanly1 subject$1 :ile ly+  at       
,diamond-,h>b\r1 c4 ,^? :o escape ) _!  
lives1 are usually  mu* weak5$ by sev]e 
attacks ( ! ague1 ( :i* !y r>ely get    
quit1 until reliev$ by an alt]ative     
c\rse ( m]cury1 9 conjunction  ) ! *ange
 ( air exp]i5c$ by gett+ out to sea4    
,i %all1 = ! pres5t1 take leave ( my    
read]s2 obs]v+1 t ,i am  n[ prep>+ = !  
press a "w int5d$ to give a full1 b     
compact1  #8,,description ,,( ,,india   
,,9 ,,g5]al4' ,9 t "w1 x w be my /udy s 
to comb9e & arrange ! sev]al important  
matt]s com+ "u  consid]ation1 z to r5d] 
! :ole ( :atev] may relate to t  int]e/+
 qu>t]1 fully intelligible1 & equally   
famili>4                                

,,f9is4                                 
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
#ahaj4                               ,a 
,,li/ ,,( ,,books ,,on                  
,ori5tal ,lit]ature1                    
c4                          ,t w be f\nd
 useful to           ,writ]s1 ,cadets1 &
 ,g5tlem5 go+ to ! ,ea/ ,indies1        
,,sold ,,by                             
,,black1 ,,p>ry1 ,,& ,,k+sbury1         
,booksell]s to ! ,honorable ,ea/ ,india 
,company1                               
,/ation]s1 ,map1 & ,*>t ,sell]s1        
#g1 ,,lead5hall-,,/reet4                
----------                              
,ori5tal ,language1 c4       ,! foll[+  
valuable ,works are by ,j4 ,,bor?wick   
,,gil*ri/1 ,esq4           ,,ll4 ,d4    
late ,pr(essor ( ,h9doo/anee1 at !      
,college1                               
,=t-,william1 ,calcutta4                
4 s4 d4       ,bagho ,buh>1 or !        
,ent]ta9+ ,/ory ( ! ,f\r       ,fri>s1 9
 ,h9doo/anee prose                      

#a    #j    #j       ,briti% ,indian    
,monitor1 or ! ,anti-j>goni/            
,/rang]s' ,guide1 & ,ori5tal ,l+ui/1 #b 
vol4     #d    #d    #j                 
,dialogues1 ,engli% & ,h9doo/anee1 on   
,dome/ic1       ,milit>y1 & ,m$ical     
,subjects1 c4                 #j   #aj  
#j       ,gooli ,bu*awalee1 a celebrat$ 
,ea/]n ,romance        #j   #af    #j   
,hidayet ool ,islam1 9 ,h9doo/anee &    
,arabic1 or       ! ,moosulman's ,common
 ,pray] ,book1 vol4 #a4         #j   #ae
    #j       ,h9dee ,arabic ,mirror1 or 
,improv$ ,tabul> ,view (       ,arabic  
,words 9 ! ,h9doo/anee ,language        
#j    #e    #j       ,h9dee ,moral      
,preceptor1 or ,p]sian ,s*ol>'s         
,%orte/ ,road to ! ,h9doo/anee          
,language1 et       vice v]s            
#a    #j    #j       ,h9dee ,roman      
,alphabetical ,prospectus               
#j    #b    #f       4 4 4 4 4 4        
,or?oepigraphical ,ultimatum            
#j    #d    #j       ,new ,!ory (       
,p]sian ,v]bs1 ) _!       ,h9doo/anee   

,synonymes                              
#j   #ab    #j       ,nuzri ,b5use]1 an 
,en*ant+ ,fairy ,tale1 9                
,h9doo/anee ,prose1 f ! ,orig9al        
#j   #af    #j       ,ori5tal ,fabuli/1 
or ,polyglot ,fables1 9 ,engli%1        
,h9doo/anee1 ,p]sian1 ,arabic1 c4       
#a    #j    #j       ,rose ,g>d5 (      
,h9doo/an1 a ,translation ( ,sady's     
celebrat$ ,gooli/an1 #b vol4            
#a   #aj    #j       ,/rang]s' #8,ea/   
,india' ,guide to ! ,h9doo/anee1        
b\nd1 #hvo4                             
#j    #i    #j       ,tota ,kuhanee1 or 
,tales ( a ,p>rot1 9       ,h9doo/anee  
#j   #aj    #j       ,uklaqui ,h9dee1 or
 ,indian ,e?ics1 a ,h9doo/anee          
,translation ( ,hitoopudes              
#j   #af    #j                          
----------       ,anci5t ,indian        
,lit]ature1 be+ a ,summ>y ( !           
#8,%eeve ,p\ran1' ! #8,brahme ,vivrtte  
,pooran1'       & ! #8,ar! ,preka%      
,%a/re2' ) ,extracts       & ,epitomes1 
#dto4 bds4                              

#a    #e    #j       ,anv>i ,soheily (  
,husse9 ,va5 ,ka%efy1 ,calcutta         
pr9t$1 #ahje1 half b\nd                 
#c   #aj    #j       ,baillie's ,arabic 
,gramm>1 #b vol4 #dto4                  
#a    #a    #j       ,sixty ,tables on  
ditto1 folio                          #a
    #a    #j       ,balf\r's ,=ms (     
,h]k]n1 ,arabic & ,engli%        #j     
#aj    #f       ,b>retto's ,p]sian &    
,arabic ,diction>y1 #b vol4       #hvo4 
#f    #f    #j       4 4 4 4 4          
,%ums-ool-,loghat1 or a ,diction>y ( !  
,p]sian & ,arabic1 ! int]pretation be+ 9
       ,arabic1 #b vol4 #dto4           
#ab   #ab    #j       ,c>ey's ,sungskrit
 ,gramm>1 ) ,examples = !       ,ex]cise
 ( ! ,/ud5t1 & complete ,li/ (       !  
,dhatoos1 or ,roots1 bo>ds              
#h    #h    #j       ,c>lyle's ,specim5s
 ( ,arabian ,poetry1 #b vol4         #j 
#af    #j       4 4 4 4  ,maur$         
,allatafet1 #dto4 bds4                  
#j   #ae    #j       ,dudley's1 ,rev4   
,john1 ,n]budda1 or ,!                  

,metamorphosis ( ,sona       ,=/]'s     
,bongalee & ,engli%1 & ,engli% &        
,bongalee ,vocabul>y1 #b vol4 #dto4 bds4
               #d    #d    #j           
,gladw9's ,guli/an ( ,sady1 ) an ,engli%
       ,translation1 #b vol4 #dto4      
#e    #e    #j       4 4 4 4  ,guli/an (
 ,sady1 ,p]s4 #a vol4 #hvo4 bds4     #j 
#af    #j       4 4 4 4  ,guli/an (     
,sady1 translat$1 #hvo4           #j    
#aj    #f       4 4 4 4  ,p]sian        
,moon%ee1 ,p]sian & ,engli%1       #dto4
 half b\nd1 russia                      
#c    #c    #j       4 4 4 4            
,toot9ameh1 or ,tales ( a ,p>rot1       
,p]sian       & ,engli%                 
#j   #ah    #j       4 4 4 4            
,diss]tation on ! ,rhetoric ( !         
,p]sians1 #dto4 bds4                    
#j   #ah    #j       ,hadley's ,moors'  
,gramm>1 ) a ,vocabul>y            #j   
#aj    #f       ,hag]'s ,elem5ts ( !    
,*9ese ,language1 folio       #b    #b  
#j       ,h[ison's ,malay ,gramm> &     
,diction>y       ,jones's 7,sir ,wm47   

,p]sian ,gramm>1 #dto4 b\nd         #a  
#a    #j       ,l',h]belot's ,biblio!que
 ,ori5tale1 #d vol4 #dto4      #d    #d 
#j       ,moise's ,p]sian ,int]pret]1 ) 
a ,vocabul>y        #j   #ah    #j      
,ouseley's 7,sir ,wm47 ,p]sian          
,miscellanies1 an ,essay       to       
facilitate ! read+ ( ,p]sian            
,manuscripts1 #dto4 bds4                
#a   #aa    #f       ,ouseley's ,bahkty>
 ,nameh1 ,p]sian & ,engli%         #j   
#ad    #j       4 4 4 4  ,ori5tal       
,collections1 #b vol4 #dto4 bds4        
#d    #d    #j       4 4 4 4  ,ori5tal  
,collections1 vol4 #c1 "p ,i4       bds4
                                        
#j   #aj    #f       ,p]sian ,lyrics (  
,hafiz1 #dto4 bds4                    #j
   #ae    #j       ,p5deh-i-,att>4--,!  
,morals ( ,att>1 a celebrat$            
,p]sian ,poem1 ,p]s4 #abmo4 bds4        
#j    #g    #f       ,ri*>dson's        
,p]sian1 ,arabic1 & ,engli%             
,diction>y1 by ,c4 ,wilk9s1 ,esq4 ,,ll4 
,d4 #b vol4       #dto4 bds4            

#ab   #ab    #j       ,vol4 ,,ii4 w be  
deliv]$ gratis :5 publi%$2       ,a few 
,copies are pr9t$ on ,imp]ial ,qu>to4   
,ri*>dson's ,arabic ,gramm>1 #dto4 b\nd 
#a    #a    #j       ,ramayuna (        
,valmeeki1 9 ! orig9al ,sungskrit1      
) a ,prose ,translation1 & ,explanatory 
,notes1       by ,w4 ,c>ey & ,j4 ,m>%am1
  vol4 #a1 bds4           #e    #e    #j
       ,ramayuna ( ,valmeeki1 translat$ 
f ! orig9al       ,sungskrit1 by ,w4    
,c>ey & ,j4 ,m>%am1 #hvo4 vol4       #a1
 bds4                                   
#a    #a    #j       ,r\sseau's ,fl[]s (
 ,p]sian ,lit]ature1 #dto4       b\nd   
#a    #a    #j       4 4 4 4 4          
,diction>y ( ,mahom$an ,law1 c4 #abmo4  
bds4                                    
#j    #g    #j       ,we/on's ,con=mity 
( ,languages1 #abmo4 bds4          #j   
#g    #f       ,wilk9s's ,gramm> ( !    
,sanskrita ,language1 bds4     #d    #d 
#j       4 4 4 4 4 ,heetopades (        
,ve%onoo ,s>ma1 f !       ,sangskrit1   
#hvo4 bds4       ,willmet's ,arabic     

,lexicon1 #dto4 bds4                    
#a    #a    #j                          
,9 ! ,press4       ,diction>y1 ,engli% &
 ,h9doo/anee1 by ,john       ,bor?wick  
,gil*ri/                                
,geography1 ,hi/ory1 c4       ,asiatic  
,rese>*es1 #i vol4 #hvo4 bds4           
#e    #h    #j       ,annual ,regi/]1 #i
 vol4 #hvo4 half b\nd               #e  
#a    #f       ,aye5 ,akb]ry1 or !      
,in/itutes ( ! ,emp]or       ,akb]1 #b  
vol4 #hvo4 bo>ds                        
#a    #a    #j       ,b>r['s ,travels to
 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 #dto4       #c  
#c    #j       4 4 4 4  ,co*9 ,*9a1     
#dto4                           #c   #ac
    #f       4 4 4 4 ,travels 9 ,*9a1   
#dto4                        #b   #ab   
#f       ,bolt's ,consid]ations on      
,indian ,affairs1 #b vol4       #dto4   
bds4                                    
#b    #b    #j       ,briti% ,india     
,analyz$1 #c vol4 #hvo4                 
#j   #ah    #j       ,brooke's          
,gazette]1 #hvo4 b\nd                   

#j   #aj    #f       4 4 4 4 ,hi/4 ( !  
,isl& ( ,/4 ,hel5a1 #hvo4       bds4    
#ajs4 #f;d4--royal                      
#j   #ae    #j       ,bu*anan's ,t\r    
into ! ,mysore & ,cann>a1 #c       vol4 
#dto4 ) plates1 bds4                    
#f    #f    #j       ,ditto1 l>ge pap]  
#i    #i    #j       ,*atfield's        
,hi/orical ,view ( ,h9du/an1 #dto4      
#a   #af    #j       ,colebrook on !    
,comm]ce ( ,b5gal1 bds4             #j  
#e    #f       4 4 4 4's 7,h4 ,t47      
,dige/ ( ! ,h9du ,law1 #c vol4          
#hvo4 bds4                              
#b    #b    #j       ,dallas's          
,v9dication ( ! ,m>quis ,wellesley      
#j    #e    #j       ,dang]s ( ,briti%  
,india f ,fr5* ,invasion &              
,mission>y ,e/abli%m5ts1 second edit4 by
 ,d4       ,hopk9s1 ,esq4               
#j    #g    #j       ,debates on !      
,india ,budget                          
#j    #e    #j       4 4 4 4 4 4 4      
,c>natic ,"q                       #j   
#e    #j       ,d['s ,hi/4 ( ,h9do/an1  

#c vol4 #hvo4 bds4            #a    #g  
#j       ,ditto1 #c vol4 royal #hvo4    
#b    #j    #j       ,ea/ ,india ,regi/]
 & ,directory1 = #ahaj           #j     
#g    #f       ,full]'s ,apology = !    
late ,*ri/ian ,missions       to ,india1
 p>ts #a1 #b1 & #c1 ea*                 
#j    #b    #f       ,gu?rie's ,gramm>1 
#hvo4 b\nd                         #j   
#ah    #j       ,hi/orical ,view (      
,plans = ! ,gov]nm5t (       ,briti%    
,india1 #dto4 bds4                      
#a    #a    #j       ,johnson's ,ori5tal
 ,voyag]1 #hvo4 bds4                 #j 
#aj    #f       ,jones's 7,sir4 ,w47    
,works1 #f vol4 #dto4 bds4              
#aj   #aj    #j       ,ditto1 sup]f9e   
imp]ial pap]1 ) pro(       plates       
#be    #j    #j       ,ditto1 #ac vol4  
#hvo4 ) ,life by ,"l ,teignm\?      #f  
#af    #f       ,jones's 7,sir ,w47     
,life1 by ,"l ,teignm\?1 #dto4       #a 
#aj    #j                               
#hvo4    #j   #aj    #f       ,indian   
,recreations1 by ,t5nant1 #c vol4 #hvo4 

bds4      #a    #g    #j                
,laud]dale 7,"l7 on ! ,gov]nm5t (       
,india1 #hvo4    #j    #g    #f         
,macph]son's ,annals ( ,comm]ce1 #d vol4
 #dto4          #h    #h    #j          
,maurice's ,diss]tations on ,indian     
,antiquities1 #g       vol4 #hvo4 bds4  
#c    #c    #j       4 4 4 4 ,anci5t    
,hi/4 ( ,h9do/an1 #b vol4 #dto4         
bds4                                    
#c   #ag    #f       4 4 4 4 ,mod]n     
ditto1 #b vol4 #dto4 bds4               
#d    #d    #j       ,orme's ,hi/4 (    
,h9do/an1 ) ,fragm5ts1 #d vol4          
bds4                                    
#d    #h    #j       ,ouseley's 7,sir   
,william7 ,epitome ( ! ,anci5t          
,hi/4 ( ,p]sia1 bds4                    
#j    #g    #j       4 4 4 4 ,geography 
( ,ebn ,haukal1 #dto4 bds4            #a
    #g    #j       ,patt5's ,hi/4 ( !   
,asiatic ,mon>*ies1 #hvo4       bds4    
#j    #h    #j       ,p]cival's ,acc\nt 
( ,ceylon1 #dto4 new edit4 bds4     #a  
#aa    #f       4 4 4 4 4 ,cape ( ,good 

,hope1 #dto4 bds4                #a     
#j    #j       ,p9k]ton's ,mod]n        
,geography1 #c vol4 #dto4 bds4        #f
    #f    #j       ,ditto1 abridg$1     
#hvo4 b\nd                           #j 
#ac    #f       ,raynal's ,hi/4 ( !     
,european ,settlem5ts 9 !       ,ea/ &  
,we/ ,indies1 #f v4 #hvo4 bds4          
#a   #af    #j       ,rob]tson's        
,disquisitions on ,anci5t ,india1 #hvo4 
bds4                                    
#j    #i    #j       ,sale's ,alkoran ( 
,mahomm$1 #b v4 #hvo4 bds4            #j
   #af    #j       ,scott's ,bah>       
,danu%1 #c vol4 #hvo4 bds4              
#j   #ae    #j       4 4 4 ,translation 
( ,f]i%ta's ,hi/4 ( !       ,dekkan1 #b 
vol4 #dto4 bo>ds                        
#b    #b    #j       ,syms's ,embassy to
 ,ava1 #c vol4 #hvo4 & a #dto4 vol4     
( plates1 bds4                          
#a   #aa    #f       ,trial ( ,rob]t    
,h5%aw1 ,esq4 ,cu/om ,ma/] at           
,bombay1 #hvo4 bo>ds                    
#j    #g    #f       ,v9dication ( !    

,h9doos1 ,p>ts ,i4 & ,,ii41 9           
,reply to ! ,obs]vations ( ! ,*ri/ian   
,obs]v] ( ,mr4 ,full] & 8 anonym\s      
,fri5d2       ) "s ,rem>ks on a ,s]mon  
prea*$ at       ,ox=d1 by ! ,rev4 ,dr4  
,b>r[1 by a ,b5gal       ,(fic]1 sew$1  
ea*                                #j   
#e    #j       ,walk]'s ,pron\nc+       
,diction>y1 #dto4 bds4            #a    
#aa    #f       ,ditto1 #hvo4 b\nd      
#j   #ac    #j       ,wellesley's       
7,m>quis7 ,hi/4 ( ! ,mahratta ,w>1      
notes1 c4 #c p>ts1 #dto4 bds4           
#a   #af    #j        ,a l>ge           
,collection ( sc>ce & valuable ,books 9 
! ,ori5tal                              
,languages1 also    on ! ,hi/ory1       
,antiquities1 ,voyages1 ,travels1       
,natural ,hi/ory1 &          ,trade ( ! 
,ea/ ,indies1 are con/antly kept on     
,sale4                                  
,atlasses & ,maps4       ,arr[smi?'s    
,new ,map ( ,india1 clo? & roll]s       
#c    #c    #j       ,ditto1 v>ni%$     
#c   #ae    #j       ,ditto1 on clo?1 9 

a portable case                   #c    
#h    #j       ,ditto ,map ( ,asia1 clo?
 & roll]s                  #a   #aa     
#f       ,ditto1 v>ni%$                 
#b    #j    #j       ,r5nel's 7,major7  
,map ( ,india1 clo? & roll]s      #a    
#aa    #f       ,ditto1 v>ni%$          
#b    #j    #j       ,ditto1 on clo?1 9 
a portable case                   #a    
#ac    #f       ,r5nel's ,b5gal ,atlas1 
folio1 half b\nd              #b   #ag  
#f       ,small ,map ( ,india1 9 a      
portable case                #j   #af   
#f                                      
,milit>y4       ,act = ,puni%+ ,mut9y & 
,des]tion1 &       ,articles ( ,w>      
#j    #e    #f       ,adye on ,milit>y  
,c\rts ,m>tial1 #abmo4 bds4           #j
    #d    #f       ,bak]'s ,practice ( !
 ,rifle ,gun1 #hvo4 bds4          #j    
#e    #f       ,bomb>di]1 or ,pocket    
,gunn]1 #abmo4 b\nd             #j    #e
    #j       ,cadet1 a ,milit>y         
,treatise1 #hvo4 bds4                 #j
    #f    #j       ,cunn+ham's 7,major7 

,tactics ( ! ,briti% ,army1       bds4  
#j   #ah    #j       ,h]ries's          
,in/ructions  ,regulations = ,cavalry1  
#b vol4       ,hutton's ,ma!matics1 #b  
vol4 #hvo4 bds4                #j   #ah 
#j       ,james's ,milit>y ,diction>y1  
#hvo4 bds4                #a    #a    #j
       4 4 4 4 ,regim5tal ,companion1 #c
 vol4 bds4             #j   #ah    #j   
,l&mann's ,field ,eng9e]'s ,vade ,mecum1
 #hvo4          #j    #g    #j       4 4
 4 4 4 ,practical ,geometry             
#j    #g    #f       4 4 4 4 4          
,pr9ciples ( ,=tification               
#j    #c    #f       ,manual & ,platoon 
,ex]cise1 #hvo4 bds4                #j  
#b    #j       ,milit>y ,m5tor1 9       
,lett]s f a ,g5]al ,(fic]       to 8    
,son1 #b vol4 #abmo4                    
#j   #ab    #j       4 4 4 4 4 ,essays  
on ! ,!ory & ,practice (       ,w>1 #c  
vol4 #hvo4 by ! ,au?or ( ! #8,m5tor'    
#a   #af    #j       ,mull]'s ,works (  
,=tification1 ,attack &       ,def5ce1  
,eng9e]+1 ,artill]y1 c4       ,(fic]'s  

,manual 9 ! ,field1 or a ,s]ies (       
,milit>y ,plans1 bds4                   
#j   #ae    #j       ,regulations =     
,riflem5 & ,light ,infantry1 #hvo4      
bds4                                    
#j    #c    #f       4 4 4 4 4  &       
,in/ructions = ,cavalry1 c4 #hvo4       
bds4                                    
#j    #g    #f       ,elucidation (     
ditto                                   
#j    #g    #j       ,reid on ! ,duties 
( ,infantry ,(fic]s               #j    
#e    #j       ,rifle ,manual1 ) plates1
 #dto4 bds4                  #a    #a   
#j       ,rules & ,regulations = !      
,=mation ( ,8       ,maje/y's ,infantry1
 #hvo4 bds4                       #j    
#f    #j       ,ditto = ! ,sword        
,ex]cise1 #hvo4 bds4               #j   
#g    #j       ,russell's ,in/ruction = 
,drill1 #ah ,manuvres1 c4       #hvo4   
bds4                                    
#j    #g    #f       4 4 4 4 4          
,movem5ts1 c4 ( ,infantry1 #hvo4 bds4   
#j    #g    #f       ,smirke's ,review (

 a ,battalion ( ,infantry1 #hvo4      #j
    #g    #j       ,/ru5see's           
,=tification1 #hvo4 bds4                
#j    #g    #f                          
,,bibles--,,pray] ,,books--,,/ation>y1  
c4      ,:]e may be _h1 ! mo/ ,e/eem$   
,works & ,mod]n ,publications1          
also ! late/ & mo/ accurate ,atlasses1  
,maps1 ,*>ts1 c4                        
,pr9t$ by ,turn] & ,h>wood1             
,/4 ,john's ,squ>e1 ,london4            
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,transcrib]'s ,note    ,at ! top ( p4   
#age1 ! l9e #8,br\ght =w>d #agj'        
repres5ts a  cont9uation ( table begun  
on ! previ\s page4 ,t page break be+    
moot "h1 ! l9e has be5 remov$ z         
r$undant4    ,! foll[+ issues %\ld be   
not$1 along ) ! resolutions4 ,!re  are  
frequ5t *>act]s1 p>ticul>ly punctuation1
 :i* 7 n  visible 9 ! copy ^u :i* ?is   
text is bas$4 ,:]e ! miss+  "* is       
obvi\s1 x has be5 re/or$1 z not$4       
,keep+ 9 m9d ! v9tage ( ! text1 spell+  

has g5]ally be5  foll[$4 ,:]e obvi\s    
pr9t]'s errors occur1 !y h be5          
correct$1 z not$ bel[4    ,! city       
#8,allahabad' is pr9t$ twice1           
incorrectly1 z #8,allahahad' on p4  #beg
 & p4 #cbg4 ,x appe>s correctly else:]e4
 ,^! two in/ances h  be5 correct$4      
p4 vi      brackish wat]s               
,re/or$4      p4 #aa      regul>ly      
,re/or$4      p4 #ac      competx+      
,correct$4      p4 #ad      h>d] k9ds ( 
gutty2               ,re/or$4 7,mo/     
probably47      p4 #ae      9 )         
suffici5tmiss+ ^w8 to     ,sic4         
heat      p4 #db      wooll5            
,add$4      p4 #dg      z l>ge z a      
qu>t]n lao_/oaf         ,transpos$4     
p4 #ic      remarkably sweet            
,re/or$4      p4 #bjb     ,! enign_/ma  
,correct$4      p4 #bah     ?er_/ree    
,transpos$4      p4 #bci     is conf9$  
to ! c>e                ,re/or$4      p4
 #bdc     ,moor%adababad                
,r$undant4                              
,remov$4      p4 #beg     ,allahah_/bad 

,correct$4      p4 #bfa     ei!r on     
acc\nt (                   ,re/or$4     
p4 #bfc     co_/antonm5ts               
,correct$4      p4 #bgb     ord9>ily    
,add$4      p4 #bgg     atmosph]e2 :ile 
,re/or$4      p4 #bhh     succomb$      
,sic4      p4 #cbh     ,allahah_/bad    
,correct$4      p4 #ccc     less exp5ce 
?at_/n tw5ty-five rupees ,correct$4     
p4 #ceh     lie to ! westw>d ( ,saugur  
,add$4      p4 #che     not)/&ing       
,add$4                 a_/it w be prop] 
,correct$4      p4 #cie     earg]ness   
,remov$4      p4 #dje     asc]ta99g     
,add$4                 sh\ld be plac$   
,re/or$4      p4 #dab     s9e qa_/qu non
                     ,correct$4      p4 
#dae     ,colonel ,ri*>sd_/dson         
,transpos$4      p4 #dbj     encomiun_/m
                             ,correct$4 
p4 #dfa     ! ,company's /alions        
,sic4      p4 #dfh     saddl]s          
,add$4      p4 #dhd     pursuant to !   
desicion_/decision      ,correct$4      
p4 #dif     ,hyderabad                  

,add$4      p4 #eje     b1 9 9 g5]al1   
,l9e break                              
duplication4